cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A type 3 attenuated poliovirus genetically stable after human intestinal passage.

SummaryDevelopment of a new type 3 attenuated poliovirus (WM-III) is described. Starting with the W-Fox strain, passage and clone selection at 23°C were employed to develop a strain with improved stability after human intestinal passage. The end result was a virus which had no capacity to grow at 40°C and was not virulent for monkeys injected intracerebrally. The results of tests of fecal virus strains isolated from infants fed the WM-III strain did not show the instability in relation to laboratory markers that has been reported with other attenuated type 3 viruses.We wish to thank the following individuals for help in obtaining infants for vaccination, and supervising their care: Donald Comely, M.D., Paul Gyorgy, M.D., Jane Sitnek, R. N., Walter Omans, M.D., and Elizabeth Davies, R. N., Philadelphia General Hospital; and Agnes Flack, M.D., and Ruth Lorenzo, R. N., Clinton Farms. Toby Goldschneider and Suzanne Richardson assisted with laboratory work. Dr. George Jervis performed histological examinations...
Five Years Later: Are Accelerated, Second-Degree Program Graduates Still in the Workforce?

This retrospective study explores the work activities of graduates from an accelerated, second-degree BSN program. There is documented growth in the number of accelerated, second-degree programs and the number of graduates from these programs. However, there are no published studies of whether or not these graduates are members of the workforce 5 years following graduation. This retrospective study found that the majority of the graduates are employed in nursing, and a large percentage have earned or are pursuing advanced degrees in nursing.
Early disease correlated protein detection using early response index (ERI)

Finding disease correlated proteins with significant expression changes before the clinical onset stage of disease is of great interest to researchers for developing early disease diagnosis biomarkers. Since disease correlated proteins have relatively low level of abundance change at early stages, it is hard to find them using existing bioinformatic tools in high throughput data, which has limited dynamic range and significant noise. Most existing biomarker discovery algorithms can only detect proteins with high abundance changes, and early disease diagnostic markers are frequently missed. We proposed a new ranking score called early response index (ERI) for prioritizing disease correlated protein as potential early diagnostic markers. Rather than classification accuracy, ERI estimates the average classification accuracy improvement achievable by proteins when they are combined with other proteins as features of classifiers. ERI is more sensitive to abundance changes than other ranking statistics. In a validation study to detect proteins with sustained expression changes from the pre-clinical onset to the clinical onset stage of multiples sclerosis using a mouse model, the proposed algorithm outperforms other tested algorithms in both sensitivity and specificity.
The Test-Teaching at the Basic Level of the Course of Comprehensive English

This paper aims at introducing my test-teaching principles at the basic level of the Course of Comprehensive English, which can train and increase first- and second- year students' ability to study and learn English comprehensively.
Marxism’s Adoption in China:the Dynamics of National Spirit

The nature of Marxism’s Chinese adoption determines the inner need for spiritual dynamics. Chinese national spirit is enhanced along with the process of Marxism’s adoption in China, which in turn provides interminable spiritual drive for the process. Chinese national spirit, whose essence is tolerance, practicability and creativity, expedites its imbibitions, incorporation and development of Marxism. The expression of Chinese national spirit is backed by the national consciousness, value orientation, spiritual encouragement, population cohesion, educational mounding.
The shoulder-hand syndrome (reflex neurovascular dystrophy of the upper extremity).

Definition: The shoulder-hand syndrome is a painful disability of the shoulder and hand of the same extremity with swelling and vasomotor features at the hand and fingers, where progression to trophic changes and contractures may occur. The syndrome is sometimes bilateral.
Administrative reform thinking on the regulations on the supervision and administration of medical devices

This paper learned and interpreted the regulations on the supervision and administration of medical devices, carded the thoughts of administrative reform, then put forward the "ten principles", including full supervision, classification supervision, risk classification, safety-effective-save, to encourage innovation, simplified license, scientific-standard, sincerity & self-discipline, clear responsibility, severe punishment, and discussed these priciples.
Millennial Teamwork and Technical Proficiency's Impact on Virtual Team Effectiveness: Implications for Business Educators and Leaders

The successful completion of information systems projects is already a difficult process that many times ends with projects failing to meet the information systems requirements. These requirements typically center on completing projects that perform the way initially envisioned, and delivering completed projects on time and within budget. Pressures around communication and leadership style are now compounded by the use of virtual teams. The goal of this study was to determine whether or not technical proficiency in the project-based skills, facility with database management systems development, and greater technical proficiency in coping within the virtual environment contributed to the development of greater virtual team effectiveness. This study targeted millennial students at the Maine Business School who were assigned to virtual teams tasked with developing a database management system within a virtual environment. Findings suggest that increased proficiencies in project skills will contribute to greater team effectiveness and more importantly, increased proficiencies within the virtual environment will contribute to greater virtual team effectiveness. These findings have implications for business educators and by natural extension, business practitioners as they suggest that training students and workers how to communicate, collaborate, exchange ideas, and share information better within virtual environments will improve virtual team effectiveness which should translate into greater virtual teams project outcomes.
Study of the Combination of Bortezomib with PPAR/RXR Agonists Rosiglitazone and Bexarotene in Lymphoproliferative Disorder-Derived Cell Linesγ.

It has been recently shown that the combination of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ and retinoid X receptor (RXR) ligands enhances their activity as inducers of differentiation and apoptosis. It has also been demonstrated that the induction of the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of PPARγ/RXR heterodimers by the proteosome is activated upon binding of a receptor ligand. Based on this knowledge, we hypothesized that the use of a proteosome inhibitor may enhance the activity of the receptor ligands by prolonging their activation. For this purpose, we tested the antiproliferative activity of the combination of the proteosome inhibitor, bortezomib with PPARγ and RXR ligands, rosiglitazone, and bexarotene as compared to single agents in a series of cell lines derived from ALK+ (JB6, SUPM2)/ALK- (SKB, MAC1) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), Burkitt’s lymphoma (Hs-Sultan) and multiple myeloma (ARH77). In the combination studies, 5 nM bortezomib was added to cell culture 6 h prior to the addition of 10 μM rosiglitazone and/or 25 μM bexarotene. None of the cell lines reached IC50 as assessed by CellTiter 96 Aqueous cell proliferation assay (Promega), and represented as percent of untreated controls, following 72 h incubation with serial concentrations of rosiglitazone (5, 10, 25, 50 μM) or bexarotene (25 and 50 μM). Bortezomib IC50 was reached only in JB6 cells at 5 nM or in MAC1 and SKB cells at 20 nM at 72 h. The IC50s were reached by 5 nM bortezomib/10 μM rosiglitazone in SUPM2 cells or by 5 nM bortezomib/10 μM rosiglitazone/25 μM bexarotene in Hs-Sultan cells at 72 h. Multiple myeloma-derived cells ARH77 showed resistance to single agent bortezomib, rosiglitazone or bexarotene at all the concentrations tested. However, in these cells, IC50 was reached only by the combination of 5 nM bortezomib/10 μM rosiglitazone/25 μM bexarotene at 96 h of incubation. Surprisingly, ALK+ALCL-derived JB6 cells reached their IC50s with any of the drug combinations (5 nM bortezomib/10 μM rosiglitazone; 5 nM bortezomib/25 μM bexarotene; 5 nM bortezomib/10 μM rosiglitazone/25 μM bexarotene) between 24 (5 nM bortezomib/10 μM rosiglitazone/25 μM bexarotene) and 72 h (5 nM bortezomib/10 μM rosiglitazone; 5 nM bortezomib/25 μM bexarotene). After 72 h of incubation, the percentage of JB6 viable cells treated with 5 nM bortezomib/10 μM rosiglitazone/25 μM bexarotene as compared to untreated controls, was significantly lower than the percentage of cells treated with single agent 5 nM bortezomib (22% ±0.6 vs 45% ± 1.4, P<0.05). In conclusion, our data show that bortezomib at the lowest IC50 (5 nM/JB6 cells) enhances the antiproliferative effects of rosiglitazone or bexarotene in JB6, SUPM2 and Hs-Sultan cells. Ultimately, after 96 h of incubation, the addition of 5 nM bortezomib to the combination of 10 μM rosiglitazone/25 μM bexarotene significantly enhances the antiproliferative activity in myeloma-derived ARH77 cells that showed resistance to single agent bortezomib (39% ±3.8 vs 73% ±1.2, P<0.05).
The effect of impurities on positive streamer propagation in n-hexane

Recent studies [1–3] have shown that for electrical breakdown to occur a streamer must be initiated at one of the electrodes and travel to the opposite electrode to establish a conducting path. Of particular interest in this study are point-plane electrode geometries that produce convergent fields. That is, this work was limited to that case in which the point was the anode and the plane was the cathode. Under this condition, the streamer is initiated at the positive point and spreads toward the cathode [1, 4, 5, 6]. Recent studies [7, 8] have indicated that, for these positive streamers, at least three distinct modes of propagation can be identified. It appeared, therefore, desirable to investigate the influence of experimental parameters on these propagation modes. A descriptive list of the parameters which could affect breakdown measurements was compiled by Gallagher [9] and includes test procedure, material or surface state of the electrodes, electrode geometry, physical purity of the liquid (i.e., particle content), chemical purity of the liquid, temperature and hydrostatic pressure, and voltage duration. Previous investigations [1, 3] have suggested that the first two parameters can be controlled sufficiently well so that the measurement results could easily be replicated. This work investigates some effects of electrode spacing and chemical purity of the liquid. The fluid was filtered to minimize variations in the physical purity of the liquid as the other parameters were changed. The effects of temperature, pressure, and voltage duration will be investigated in future experiments.
A modified LVAD technique to augment caval and pulmonary arterial blood flow in the "failing Fontan" circulation.

Background There are minimal circulatory support options for patients with a failing Fontan. The Heartmate II (HMII) left ventricular assist device (Thoratec, Bedford, MA) in its packaged state cannot augment caval/pulmonary arterial blood flow. Aim We hypothesized that a modified HMII pump could augment caval and pulmonary arterial blood flow. Methods A bifurcated ringed Gore-Tex graft (W. L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ) was sewn to the HMII inflow, and the outflow graft transected and tapered from 16 mm to 8 mm in diameter. In three sheep, the inflow and outflow grafts were anastomosed end-to-side to both cava and the pulmonary artery. Results Following baseline measurements, the pump speed was increased to 8000 revolutions per minute (RPMs). Compared to baseline, at 8000 RPMs, there were no significant differences in mean arterial, central venous, or pulmonary arterial pressure. However, there was a significant decrease in right ventricular diastolic diameter (3.1 ± 0.1 vs. 1.8 ± 0.2 cm, R = 0.6, p = 0.02) and similarly a decrease in pulmonary arterial pulse pressure (8.5 ± 2.1 vs. 2.1 ± 2.9 mmHg, p = 0.01). As pump speed increased, there was a corresponding increase in pump flow and power, with a decrease in pulsatility index. Conclusions These findings suggest that the HMII may be modified to provide caval/pulmonary circulatory support for the failing Fontan circulation.
Evaluation of between- and within-breed variation in measures of weight-age relationships.

Variation between- and within-breeds was evaluated for accretion of weight from birth to 7 yr of age and hip height at 7 yr for 1,577 cows sired by Angus, Brahman, Brown Swiss, Charolais, Chianina, Gelbvieh, Hereford, Jersey, Limousin, Maine Anjou, Pinzgauer, Sahiwal, Simmental, South Devon, and Tarentaise and from either Angus or Hereford dams. Parameters from Wt = A (1 - Be-kt) were estimated by nonlinear regressions and provided estimates of mature body weight (A) and rate of weight accretion relative to change in age (k) for each cow. Actual weight at birth, linear adjusted weights at 200, 365, and 500 d of age, ratios of these weights to mature weight, and height at the hip at 7 yr were analyzed. Beyond 20 mo, weights were adjusted to a constant condition score within breed of sire. Variance and covariance components were derived for breed (sigma 2 b), sires within breed (sigma 2 s), and progeny within sire (sigma 2 w). For all traits, the sigma 2 b estimate of genetic variance ranged from two to four times greater than the variance component for sigma 2 s. Between-breed heritabilities were .91 +/- .27 and .54 +/- .17 for A and k, respectively. Estimates of within-breed heritability for these two traits were .61 +/- .11 and .27 +/- .09. Estimates, both between- and within-breed, of the genetic correlation between A and k were moderate to large and negative; those between A and weights at 200, 365, and 500 d and height at maturity were large and positive. Selection for immediate change in measures of growth would be most effective among breeds. Sufficient direct genetic variation exists between breeds to enhance breed improvement of growth characters through breed substitution. Greater opportunity to alter the shape of the growth curve exists through selection for within-breed selection than through breed substitution.
Coronary Events in Patients Presenting for Repair of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection.

Background Preoperative coronary angiography is often not performed in acute Type A dissection. We examined differences in the incidence of pre-existing coronary disease and subsequent coronary events between patients undergoing acute Type A dissection repair and patients undergoing elective proximal aortic aneurysm repair. Methods From 2000 to 2015, there were 154 acute Type A dissection repairs and 457 elective proximal aortic aneurysm repairs. We performed a retrospective review to evaluate preoperative coronary disease and postoperative coronary interventions such as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary bypass grafting (CABG). Results A total of 31 (20%) dissection patients and 123 (27%) elective surgery patients had preoperative evidence of coronary artery disease (p = 0.094). All elective surgery patients but only six (4%) dissection patients had preoperative coronary catheterization. More CABGs were performed in the elective surgery group (19%) than in the dissection group (3%, p < 0.001). There were no differences in the incidence of prior PCI, CABG, or myocardial infarction between groups. Following dissection repair, four patients required coronary interventions. Of these, two (1.3%) experienced chest pain and underwent PCI at 4.7 and 4.3 months postoperatively, respectively, and another two experienced symptoms and required PCI at 5 and 7 years, respectively. The 30-day and 14-year mortality rates after dissection repair were 13% and 24%, respectively. Although the dissection group had poorer survival than the elective surgery group (p < 0.001), there was no difference in conditional survival after aortic-related deaths over the first year were censored (p = 0.104). Conclusions Given the low incidence of missed significant coronary disease (1.3%), it is reasonable to perform Type A dissection repair without coronary angiography.
Franklin D. Roosevelt, the State Department, and the Navy: US Policy Toward Japan, 1937–1941

On November 27, 1941, Cordell Hull , Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)’s secretary of state, told Secretary of War Henry Stimson that diplomacy with Japan had failed. The matter, he said, was now the responsibility of the Army and Navy. Two weeks later, on December 7, 1941, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, the home base of the US Pacific fleet. FDR had preferred to avoid war with Japan in order to concentrate on defending Britain. But for a variety of reasons, he was unable to do so.
Calcareous Nannofossil Systematics, Paleoecology, and Biostratigraphy of the Middle Eocene Weches Formation of Texas

Eighty previously described species of calcareous nannofossils representing 25 genera arc figured with scanning-electron micrographs and photomicrographs. Improved criteria for identifying and distinguishing species and genera arc presented based upon their appearance in the scanning-electron microscope. Nine new combinations are formed. Based upon the stratigraphic range of key species, the Discoaster lodoensis Zone, Discoaster sublodoensis Zone, Discoaster tani s.l.-Sphenolithus radians Zone, Reticulofenestra umbilica-Sphenolithus furcatolithoides Zone. Pemma papillatum Zone, Reticulofenestra Datum and Discoaster saipanensis Datum of Gartner's 1971 Paleogene Nannofossil Zonation are recognized. The positions of two missing zones, Bramletteius serraculoides Zone and Chiphragmalithus quadratus Zone, have been inferred. Variations in the occurrence and abundance of species between outcrop and subsurface samples were found to exist. These variations may be the result of differential preservation or the result of living species being restricted to particular areas of the neritic environment. The following species were found only in the subsurface portion of the Weches and are considered indicators of the outer neritic environment: Chiasmolithus titus Pontosphaera plana Pontosphaera versa Micrantholithus procerus Sphenolithus furcatolithoides Sphenolithus obtusus Trochoaster radiatus Discoaster aster Discoaster diastypus Discoaster triangularis Discoaster woodringi The following species were found to occur in several subsurface samples but appeared in only one or two outcrop samples. These species probably could live throughout the neritic environment but preferred deeper portions or were better preserved in deeper water deposits. Chiasmolithus grandis Pontosphaera pectinata Braarudosphaera discula Micrantholithus flos Micrantholithus ornatus Helicopontosphaera lophota Rhabdolithes rudis Discoaster stella Discoaster barbadiensis Discoaster saipanensis Discoaster tani nodzfer Lophodolithus rotundus and Marthasterites furcatus occurred exclusively in outcrop samples. Chiasmolithus bidens, Blackites amplus and Trochoaster simplex occurred several times in outcrop samples but each is found only once in the subsurface. These five species are considered indicative of the middle to inner neritic environment. Cyclococcolithina formosa, Cruciplacolithus staurion, and Zygrhablithus bijugatus occurred in both subsurface and surface samples but were generally present in greater abundance in subsurface samples. Ericsonia muiri, Reticulofenestra coenura, Koczyia wechesensis, Traversopontis pulchriporus, Blackites tenuis, and Discoaster elegans were present in greater abundance in outcrop samples.
POWER PRODUCTION AND ACTINIDE ELIMINATION BY FAST REACTOR RECYCLE.

Elimination of long-lived transplutonium actinides by fissioning in a generic actinide burner reactor (a reactor fueled solely with waste actinides) was investigated. The results showed that actinide elimination by fissioning is enhanced by increasing the average energy of the neutron flux spectrum. In addition, the reactivity worths and the fission-to-capture rate ratios of the individual actinide nuclides increased with increasing flux spectrum energy. This suggests that specially designed fast reactors of relatively small size and having metal alloy fuel may effectively dispose of the waste actinides produced by several large light water reactors in a mixed reactor community. The fuel value of waste actinides was studied, and the replacement of at least some conventional mixed-oxide fast reactor fuel by waste actinides (to conserve a fuel resource) was proposed. It is calculated that the time required to reach equilibrium actinide concentrations in the reactor core, after many refueling periods, is shorter for reactors having higher neutron flux energies. Also, increasing the specific power density within the reactor core both decreases the equilibrium actinide concentrations in the core and increases the time required for equilibrium conditions.
How Does Financial-Reporting Regulation Affect Market-Wide Resource Allocation?

I investigate the impact of mandatory reporting and auditing of firms’ financial statements on industry-wide resource allocation. Using size-based reporting and auditing requirements for limited liability firms in 26 European countries, I document reporting regulation, mandating a greater share of firms in an industry to disclose a full set of financial statements, fosters a competitive and dispersed type of resource allocation in product and capital markets, but does not unambiguously improve the efficiency of resource allocation. By contrast, I find auditing regulation, mandating a greater share of firms to obtain a financial-statement audit, imposes a net fixed cost of operating on firms, deterring entry of smaller firms. I do not find any other effects of auditing regulation on industry-wide resource allocation in my setting. My findings suggest reporting regulation substitutes a transactional type of resource allocation based on public information for a relational one based on private information. This substitution, however, fails to spur economic growth. With respect to firms’ auditing, my findings suggest it lacks significant industry-wide externalities compensating for firms’ costs of mandatory auditing.
Monte Carlo and Example-Based Insights

This chapter gives results from some illustrative exploration of the performance of information-theoretic criteria for model-selection and methods to quantify precision when there is model-selection uncertainty. The methods given in Chapter 4 are illustrated and additional insights are provided based on simulation and real data. Section 5.2 utilizes a chain binomial survival model for some Monte Carlo evaluation of unconditional sampling variance estimation, confidence intervals, and model averaging. For this simulation the generating process is known and can be of relatively high dimension. The generating model and the models used for data analysis in this chain binomial simulation are easy to understand and have no nuisance parameters. We give some comparisons of AIC versus BIC selection and use achieved confidence interval coverage as an integrating metric to judge the success of various approaches to inference.
Observational long-term follow-up study of rapid food oral immunotherapy with omalizumab

A number of clinical studies focused on treating a single food allergy through oral immunotherapy (OIT) with adjunctive omalizumab treatment have been published. We previously demonstrated safety and tolerability of a rapid OIT protocol using omalizumab in a phase 1 study to achieve desensitization to multiple (up to 5) food allergens in parallel, rapidly (7–36 weeks; median = 18 weeks). In the current long-term, observational study, we followed 34 food allergic participants for over 5 years, who had originally undergone the phase 1 rapid OIT protocol. After reaching the maintenance dose of 2 g protein for each of their respective food allergens as a part of the phase 1 study, the long-term maintenance dose was reduced for some participants based on a pragmatic team-based decision. Participants were followed up to 62 months through standard oral food challenges (OFCs), skin prick tests, and blood tests. Each participant passed the 2 g OFC to each of their offending food allergens (up to 5 food allergens in total) at the end of the long-term follow-up (LTFU) study. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of long-term maintenance dosing of a food allergen without compromising the desensitized status conferred through rapid-OIT. Trial registration Registry: Clinicaltrials.gov. Registration numbers: NCT01510626 (original study), NCT03234764 (LTFU study). Date of registration: November 29, 2011 (original study); July 26, 2017 (LTFU study, retrospectively registered)
A Comprehensive Review of Eggs, Choline, and Lutein on Cognition Across the Life-span

In 2030, one in five Americans will be older than 65 years, and with that an increase in the number of individuals who experience loss in cognitive capacity is to be expected. At the same time, nutrition within the first 1000 days postconception has been suggested to strongly influence cognitive outcomes across the life-span in humans. Eggs are a primary source of both choline and the xanthophyll carotenoid lutein in the western diet, and both have been suggested to influence cognitive function in humans. This comprehensive review critically examines the effects of eggs, choline, and lutein on cognition across the life-span. There seems to be clear scientific evidence to suggest that both choline and lutein play a vital role in brain and neurological development during the first 1000 days postconception. The extent to which higher intakes of choline have the potential to enhance or influence cognition during childhood, adulthood, and/or age-related cognitive decline needs further investigation. Emerging but consistent research suggests that lutein has the potential to influence cognition across the life-span and that sufficient intakes during mid to late adulthood may help to ward off age-related cognitive decline. Macular pigment optical density (MPOD) seems to be a reliable and consistent biomarker of brain lutein concentrations across the life-span and potentially one for clinically assessing cognitive status. This review summarizes the current peer-reviewed literature and existing gaps in research.
Global quantitative analysis of the human brain proteome in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease

Patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) often have overlap in clinical presentation and brain neuropathology suggesting that these two diseases share common underlying mechanisms. Currently, the molecular pathways linking AD and PD are incompletely understood. Utilizing Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) isobaric labeling and synchronous precursor selection-based MS3 (SPS-MS3) mass spectrometry, we performed an unbiased quantitative proteomic analysis of post-mortem human brain tissues (n=80) from four different groups defined as controls, AD, PD, and co-morbid AD/PD cases across two brain regions (frontal cortex and anterior cingulate gyrus). In total, we identified 11 840 protein groups representing 10 230 gene symbols, which map to ~65% of the protein coding genes in brain. The utility of including two reference standards in each TMT 10-plex assay to assess intra- and inter-batch variance is also described. Ultimately, this comprehensive human brain proteomic dataset serves as a valuable resource for various research endeavors including, but not limited to, the identification of disease-specific protein signatures and molecular pathways that are common in AD and PD. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
Real-time Hierarchical Bayesian Data Fusion for Vision-based Target Tracking with Unmanned Aerial Platforms

Data fusion algorithms make it possible to aggregate information from multiple data sources in order to increase the robustness and accuracy of robotic vision systems. While Bayesian fusion methods are common in general applications involving multiple sensors, the computer vision field has largely relegated this approach. In particular, most object following algorithms tend to employ a fixed set of features computed by specialized algorithms, and therefore lack flexibility. In this work, we propose a general hierarchical Bayesian data fusion framework that allows any number of vision-based tracking algorithms to cooperate in the task of estimating the target position. The framework is adaptive in the sense that it responds to variations in the reliability of each individual tracker as estimated by its local statistics as well as by the overall consensus among the trackers. The proposed approach was validated in simulated experiments as well as in two robotic platforms and the experimental results confirm that it can significantly improve the performance of individual trackers.
Identifying Victims of Human Trafficking on International and Domestic Flights

This research aims to determine if the current protocols on International and Domestic airline carriers regarding persons traveling against their will can lead to the identification and intervention for victims of human trafficking. The research will consist of a literary study on the relevant discourse relating to human trafficking, an analysis of the current human trafficking training modules readily available, in addition to a survey component, to include insight from individuals currently working in the field of airline transportation. The results of this research will lead to a more thorough understanding of how airline carriers are currently handling situations of human trafficking, and how these methods or trainings can be improved for identifying potential victims of human trafficking on flights.
Feasibility of Natural Language Processing-Assisted Auditing of Critical Findings in Chest Radiology.

Abstract Objective Time-sensitive communication of critical imaging findings like pneumothorax or pulmonary embolism to referring physicians is essential for patient safety. The definitive communication is the radiology free-text report. Quality assurance initiatives require that institutions audit these communications, a time-intensive manual task. We propose using a rule-based natural language processing system to improve the process for auditing critical findings communications. Methods We present a pilot assessment of the feasibility of using an automated critical finding identification system to assist quality assurance teams’ evaluation of critical findings communication compliance. Our assessment is based on chest imaging reports. Critical findings are identified in radiology reports using pyConTextNLP, an open source Python implementation of the ConText algorithm. Results In our test set, there were 75 reports with critical findings and 591 reports without critical findings. pyConTextNLP correctly identified 69 of the positive cases with 8 false-positives for a sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.99. Discussion Natural language processing can provide valuable assistance to auditing critical findings communications.
Dusky Dolphins of Continental Shelves and Deep Canyons

Dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) exhibit highly flexible foraging and social strategies. Studies in three distinct environments offer a natural experiment for understanding influences shaping dusky dolphin societies. In shallow bays off Patagonia, Argentina, dusky dolphins form small traveling groups during the day in search of small, schooling fish, but fission-fusion of large groups enhances predator detection/avoidance and mating opportunities. Predation risk is also minimized by resting in small groups near shore at night. In the deep open waters off Kaikoura, New Zealand, large mixed age and sex groups and satellite mating and nursery groups occur. Loosely coordinated subgroups forage nocturnally on the deep scattering layer. Large group formation is again an anti-predation strategy. In the shallow wintertime habitat of Admiralty Bay, New Zealand, coordinated bait-ball foraging occurs but in smaller groups than off Patagonia. Outside of the breeding season and in the absence of predation risk, Admiralty Bay grouping patterns are driven by opportunities to secure prey and social partners. Compared to many other delphinids, dusky dolphins are more gregarious yet more loosely bonded. The social brain hypothesis helps to explain the evolution of large relative brain size and complex sociality in dusky dolphins. Bycatch, habitat loss, climate change, and whale-watching are current threats to the species. Application of new technology and research on female behavior, culture, and lesser-studied populations will help to fill knowledge gaps and advance conservation strategies.
Examination of Prenatal Sonographic Findings: Intra-Abdominal Bowel Dilation Predicts Poor Gastroschisis Outcomes.

BACKGROUND Gastroschisis is an anterior abdominal wall defect with variable outcomes. There are conflicting data regarding the prognostic value of sonographic findings. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify prenatal ultrasonographic features associated with poor neonatal outcomes. METHOD A retrospective review of 55 patients with gastroschisis from 2007 to 2017 was completed. Ultrasounds were reviewed for extra-abdominal intestinal diameter (EAID) and intra-abdominal intestinal diameter (IAID), echogenicity, visceral content within the herniation, amniotic fluid index, defect size, and abdominal circumference (AC). Ultrasound variables were correlated with full enteral feeding and the diagnosis of a complex gastroschisis. RESULTS Bivariate analysis demonstrated an increased time to full enteral feeds with increasing number of surgeries, EAID, and IAID. Additionally, there was a significant relationship between IAID and AC percentile with the diagnosis of complex gastroschisis. On multivariate analysis, only IAID was significant and increasing diameter had a 2.82 (95% CI 1.02-7.78) higher odds of a longer time to full enteral feeds and a 1.2 (95% CI 1.05-1.36) greater odds of the diagnosis of a complex gastroschisis. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, IAID is associated with a longer time to full enteral feeding and the diagnosis of complex gastroschisis.
Natural and Manmade Disasters: Vulnerable Populations

In recent decades, the influence of natural disasters such as hurricanes, earthquakes, heat waves, droughts, floods and epidemics, on Global Health Security have become more prominent. In addition, disaster events stemming from civil unrest or natural disasters create humanitarian and refugee crisis thereby contributing to local, regional and global health security challenge. These disaster events also highlight the social, physical, psychological and economic vulnerabilities among population groups. Vulnerable populations, including pregnant women, families with children, older adults, disabled and low-income individuals suffer disproportionate harm in disasters. Vulnerable populations are less likely to undertake self-protective actions before, during or after disasters. They are also at greater risk for poor physical and psychological health outcomes after a disaster. This chapter focuses on the impact of disasters on the following vulnerable population groups: pregnant women and families with children, and older adults. It highlights the complex and unique needs of women, children, and older adults which can lead to catastrophic consequences during and after a disaster. Case studies are included to demonstrate the vulnerabilities and ensuing consequences for women and children and older adults during or after disasters.
Scholars’ influence on their institutions: Reputation, prestige, and rankings:

This research article examines the relationship of individual scholars to overall research production and develops new ranking schema upon the absence of top individual scholarship as demonstration...
Analysis of HFMD surveillance from 2010 to 2011 in Xicheng South District

Objective To find the aetiology characteristics from Hand-foot-mouth Disease (HFMD) cases in Xicheng South District of Beijing from 2010 to 2011,and analyse the distribution of enterovirus serotypes,provide a scientific basis for HFMD prevention and control work.Methods The medical institutions and clinical diagnosis of cases information were collected.Throat swabs and faecal samples of 418 cases were also cellected.Rea- time RT-PCR technology was used to detect viral nucleic acid.We isolated virus from faecal samples.Results The enterovirus detection positive rate was 53.59％ (224/418).Comparing 2010 with 2011,non-typeable enterovirus detection rate in throat swab specimens was higher in 2010 ( x2 =13.80,P ＜ 0.005 ),CoxA 16 was higher in 2011 ( x2 =8.58,P ＜ 0.005 ).There were significant difference (2010:x2 =5.85,P ＜ 0.05 ;2011:x2 =15.26,P ＜ 0.005 ) in detection positive rate between specimens collected within 3 days and more than 3 days.Conclusion The main reason of epidemic enterovirus for HFMD was non-typeable enterovirus in 2010,Coxsackie A16 type in 2011.To collect throat swab samples within 3 days will improve virus detection rate. Key words: hand-foot-mouth disease; enterovirus; real-time RT-PCR; virus isolation
Identification, Characterization, and Targeting of a Rare and Temporal Dendritic Cell State that Facilitates Adaptive Immune Responses

The heterogeneity of innate immune cells facilitates efficient antigen presentation and immune activation in the presence of pathogens via cooperativity of various cell subsets and cell states but also obscures the contribution of individual antigen presenting cells (APCs) to overall immune response.1 It has been hypothesized that a small number of APCs, which are more sensitive to the initial pathogen stimulus, are responsible for coordinating neighboring APCs in an effort to share the metabolic strain associated with heightened pathogen sensitivity.2 In this study, we have identified a temporally-controlled state of dendritic cells (DCs) that demonstrate greater sensitivity to toll-like-receptor (TLR) agonists and secrete the majority of paracrine activating cytokines (TNF, IL-6...ect). We were able to isolate this distinct population of DCs preferentially phagocytosed the majority of fluorescently labeled, TLR agonist conjugated microparticles (MPs).3 We call this population First Responder cells (FRs) due to their ability to first uptake the MPs and activate neighboring APCs via paracrine signaling. We show that FRs exist in this state for <3 hours, cycle through this state on a <24-hour timescale and show a distinct mRNA profile. Furthermore, FRs are necessary for generation of adaptive responses both in vitro and in vivo. We also show that we can improve both IgG titers and CD8 responses in vivo by targeting two highly upregulated receptors on FR cells, DAP12 and PRG2. Given the significance of FR involvement in APC activation, this study has broad immunological value because it offers a critical first evaluation of a new APC cell state but also has important translational value for improving vaccine efficacy via FR targeting.
CSF dynamics disorders: Association of brain MRI and nuclear medicine cisternogram findings.

Abstract Disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH), characterized by ventriculomegaly, high convexity/midline tight sulci, and enlarged sylvian fissures on brain MRI has been increasingly recognized as a distinct diagnostic imaging entity that falls within the larger category of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Normal pressure hydrocephalus has been previously characterized as a CSF dynamics disorder based on abnormalities on nuclear medicine cisternography: radiotracer in the lateral ventricles and absent or delayed ascent of radiotracer over the cerebral convexity. The purpose of this work was to evaluate for differences in nuclear medicine cisternography between patients with vs without DESH and thereby provide support for the concept that DESH is a structural imaging marker of a CSF dynamics disorder. The study included 102 patients (mean age 71 years, range 46–86, 38 females), 58 patients with cisternogram performed to evaluate suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus (mean age 73 years, range 46–86 years, 24 female) and 44 patients evaluated for headache (mean age 68 years, range 60–82 years, 14 female). All patients had an MRI of the brain performed within 13 months of the cisternogram. Cisternogram imaging, typically acquired at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 h post injection, was evaluated for the time at which radiotracer reached the basal cisterns, presence of persistent radiotracer in the lateral ventricles, time radiotracer first entered the lateral ventricles, presence of radiotracer over the cerebral convexity, and time at which radiotracer was first visualized over the cerebral convexity. MRI features of ventriculomegaly (defined as Evans’ index ≥ 0.3) and high convexity tight sulci (HCTS) were recorded. Based on the MRI features, patients were grouped according to presence or absence of DESH (ventriculomegaly and HCTS). Those without DESH were separated into groups of ventriculomegaly alone, HCTS alone, and neither ventriculomegaly nor HCTS. Cisternogram metrics were compared between MR-defined groups. Patients with DESH showed a higher frequency of radiotracer in the lateral ventricles and delayed or absent ascent over the cerebral convexity compared to those without DESH, higher frequency of ventricular radioactivity vs those with HCTS alone, and shorter time to ventricular radioactivity compared to those with ventriculomegaly alone. Patients with ventriculomegaly or HCTS alone had a higher frequency of radiotracer in the lateral ventricles and delayed ascent of radiotracer over the cerebral convexity compared to those with neither ventriculomegaly nor HCTS. These findings support DESH and the individual components of ventriculomegaly and HCTS as markers of disordered CSF dynamics.
Abstract 17373: The Association of Professional American-Style Football Career Length With Left Ventricular Geometry in Retired National Football League Players

Introduction: There is widespread interest in the long-term cardiovascular (CV) implications of professional football. Studies have suggested that retired National Football League (NFL) players hav...
Prevalence of elevated liver enzymes and their association with type 2 diabetes risk factors in children.

Objectives Given their established role in hepatic function and insulin resistance for adults, early screening of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the pediatric population may potentially be improved by the assessment of elevated liver enzymes. Methods Our study enrolled 151 nondiabetic children aged 10-14 years. Patients were assessed for demographics and five risk factors for T2DM. The levels of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were determined in serum samples. The effects of demographics and risk factors on abnormal liver enzyme levels were assessed with univariate chi-square analyses and also with multivariate logistic regression analyses, which were controlled for gender. Results Frequencies for abnormal liver enzyme values were as follows: 13 (9%) for GGT, 5 (3%) for ALT, and 20 (13%) for ALP. Across analyses, two results were consistently statistically significant. Females were more likely to have abnormal ALP levels, and patients with BMI percentile ≥95% and with acanthosis nigricans were more likely to have abnormal GGT levels. Conclusions Our study suggests GGT as potential marker for T2DM discovery in children. Subsequent long-term longitudinal studies would help to more clearly delineate GGT's association with T2DM. Additionally, future studies that elucidate the molecular contribution of GGT elevation to T2DM pathogenesis are needed.
Consecutive patterns in circular permutations.

In their study of cyclic pattern containment, Domagalski et al. conjecture differential equations for the generating functions of circular permutations avoiding consecutive patterns of length 3. In this note, we prove and significantly generalize these conjectures. We show that, for every consecutive pattern $\sigma$ beginning with 1, the bivariate generating function counting occurrences of $\sigma$ in circular permutations can be obtained from the generating function counting occurrences of $\sigma$ in (linear) permutations. This includes all the patterns for which the latter generating function is known.
CHAPTER 25 – Large Scale: Water Quality Management with Solar Energy Capture

This chapter provides a solar methodology for global aquatic ecosystem restoration. It focuses on the large-scale problems that are degrading and destroying aquatic ecosystems. Some of the most frequently detected pesticides have the potential to disrupt the reproduction and development of aquatic organisms, and human health professionals and advocates are concerned that these problems are now extending to human populations. Ground water is generally less polluted, but the trend is downward; once the aquifers, which can take decades to replenish, are contaminated, the time frame for potential remediation is likewise extensive. A large part of the nutrients invested in agricultural production eventually reaches major rivers. However, the technology to clean water to levels of extreme purity is readily available. Planktonic algal systems have been considered as possible methods for solar energy capture for over a decade. It is more efficient to use solar energy than the current wasteful methods that evolved when human populations were low. There is considerable potential for nutrient removal, oxygen introduction, and energy production, using large-scale algal turf scrubber (ATS) systems on major rivers. It has been recognized for many decades that aquatic ecosystems can remove most heavy metals from adjacent waters. A wide variety of wastewater pollutants from industrial, municipal, and domestic sources can be efficiently degraded or removed by ATS alone or in combination with a controlled or wild ecosystem to provide diurnal and long-term buffering.
IgE and FcϵRIα do not promote allergic airway disease in mice inoculated intratracheally with house dust mite extract (HYP7P.316)

The role of IgE in asthma pathogenesis is controversial. Early studies showed IgE contributed to allergic airway disease (AAD) when mice were sensitized passively by anti-ovalbumin (OVA) IgE or sensitized actively by OVA without adjuvant. Other groups found that IgE did not promote AAD that was provoked by fungal extracts or by OVA with adjuvant. We have used IgE-deficient mice and FcϵRIα-deficient mice and their respective FVBN and BALB/c wild-type controls to study the IgE- and FcϵRIα-dependence of AAD induced by a clinically relevant allergen and route of administration. Mice were inoculated intratracheally with house dust mite extract without adjuvant every 2 days for 7 doses. We measured airway hyperresponsiveness by both unrestrained plethysmography (Buxco) and forced oscillation (flexiVent), analyzed pulmonary inflammation by differential cell count on BALF, and sectioned lungs to quantitate goblet cell metaplasia by microscopic examination. We found no difference in any of these disease parameters between wild-type mice and gene-deficient mice, regardless of whether minimal, moderate, or more severe AAD was induced. These results complement the clinical observation that anti-IgE therapy fails to improve the underlying lung function of humans with long standing asthma, although this treatment does reduce acute exacerbations. We are currently studying the acute changes in lung function that occur upon inhalation of allergen in AAD and their dependence on the IgE axis.