cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical structures for video query systems

Video query systems have been used increasingly for both business and personal applications. Many applications for video data involve stationary cameras, resulting in a stable background and moving objects in the foreground. The movements of these objects can be extracted to form lifelines using techniques such as those developed in our lab. Our current task is to organize these lifelines and their attributes in a way that will make them easy to query, even by inexperienced users. In order to accomplish this, we have employed data cubes and other hierarchical measures, as well as new metadata structures. After a brief review of our ongoing work with lifelines, we will discuss these additional components of our query system in more depth. Our comprehensive system has the potential to change the way in which video databases are organized and queried.
Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and the development of erectile dysfunction in African-American men treated with radiotherapy for prostate cancer

B79 The purpose of this study was to determine whether the possession of variants in genes that encode proteins associated with responses to radiation is correlated with the development of erectile (ED) dysfunction in African-American prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. 144 patients with a median follow-up time of 28 months who self-identified as being African American and underwent definitive radiotherapy for prostate cancer were comprehensively screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ATM, TGFB1, SOD2, XRCC1, XRCC3, and RAD21 using either denaturing high performance liquid chromatography or the Surveyor nuclease assay. The Mount Sinai Erectile Function Scale was used to determine whether a patient developed ED after radiotherapy as defined by a prospective decline in erectile function. In this system, ED is physician assessed using a score of; 0-complete inability to achieve an erection, 1-able to achieve erections but insufficient for intercourse, 2-can achieve erections sufficient for intercourse but considered suboptimal and 3-normal erectile function. A drop of two points on this scale from the pre- to post-treatment score constituted a prospective decline in erectile function and represented ED. Using these criteria, 35 men exhibited ED following radiotherapy whereas the remaining 109 screened subjects did not. Odds ratios (ORs) ≥2 for the development of ED were obtained for patients possessing the following SNPs; 1254 A→G in ATM; 1625 T→C, IVS5+8 G→A or 1427 T→G in RAD21; 964 G→A or 1852 A→C in XRCC1; 1075 C→T (homozygous) or 634 G→A in XRCC3; 47 T→C (homozygous) in SOD2. Although these values did not reach statistical significance by themselves, it was found that patients possessing either 0, 1, 2 or ≥3 of these “radiosensitivity” SNPs had ORs (95% confidence interval) for a prospective decline in erectile function of 0.03 (0.01-0.12), 0.9 (0.3-3.0), 1.9 (0.8-4.5) and 4.4 (1.4-13.0). Although the results of this study will need to be validated through screening a second comparable group of subjects in a replication study, our results suggest that possession of multiple SNPs in the ATM, SOD2, XRCC1, XRCC3 and RAD21 genes is associated with the development of ED among African-American prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy. Most striking, patients that did not have any “radiosensitivty” SNPs, rarely developed ED following radiotherapy. In contrast, men that had ≥3 of these SNPs, displayed a substantially elevated risk for the development of ED following radiation treatment for prostate cancer. The results of this study may provide a basis for a predictive assay to identify which African-American men are at greatest risk for the development of ED following radiotherapy for prostate cancer. This work was supported by grant RSGT-05-200-01-CCE from the American Cancer Society.
Urban health and ecology: the promise of an avian biomonitoring tool

Urban-dwelling birds have the potential to serve as powerful biomonitors that reveal the impact of environmental change due to urbanization. Specifically, urban bird populations can be used to survey cities for factors that may pose both public and wildlife health concerns. Here, we review evidence supporting the use of avian biomonitors to identify threats associated with urbanization, including bioaccumulation of toxicants and the dysregulation of behavior and physiology by related stressors. In addition, we consider the use of birds to examine how factors in the urban environment can impact immunity against communicable pathogens. By studying the behavior, physiology, and ecology of urban bird populations, we can elucidate not only how avian populations are responding to environmental change, but also how unintended consequences of urbanization affect the well-being of human and non-human inhabitants.
Profound perturbation induced by triclosan exposure in mouse gut microbiome: a less resilient microbial community with elevated antibiotic and metal resistomes

Environmental chemical-induced perturbations of gut microbiome are associated with a series of adverse health outcomes. The effects of triclosan on human health have been controversial in recent years. The purpose of this study is to investigate the functional impact of triclosan on the mouse gut microbiome and the link between triclosan exposure and resistomes in gut bacteria. We combined 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomics sequencing to examine the compositional and functional impact of triclosan exposure on the gut microbiota of C57BL/6 mice. 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed that 13-week triclosan exposure in drinking water induced significant perturbations in mouse gut bacterial assemblages with distinct trajectories compared to controls. Metagenomics sequencing results indicated a remarkable enrichment of gut bacterial genes related to triclosan resistance, stress response, antibiotic resistance and heavy metal resistance. Triclosan exposure has a profound impact on the mouse gut microbiome by inducing perturbations at both compositional and functional levels. To our best knowledge, this is the first evidence regarding the functional alterations of gut microbiome induced by triclosan exposure, which may provide novel mechanistic insights into triclosan exposure and associated diseases.
A Scaled Framework for CRISPR Editing of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Study Psychiatric Disease

Scaling of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represents an important step for modeling complex disease and developing drug screens in human cells. However, variables affecting the scaling efficiency of gene editing in hPSCs remain poorly understood. Here, we report a standardized CRISPR-Cas9 approach, with robust benchmarking at each step, to successfully target and genotype a set of psychiatric disease-implicated genes in hPSCs and provide a resource of edited hPSC lines for six of these genes. We found that transcriptional state and nucleosome positioning around targeted loci was not correlated with editing efficiency. However, editing frequencies varied between different hPSC lines and correlated with genomic stability, underscoring the need for careful cell line selection and unbiased assessments of genomic integrity. Together, our step-by-step quantification and in-depth analyses provide an experimental roadmap for scaling Cas9-mediated editing in hPSCs to study psychiatric disease, with broader applicability for other polygenic diseases.
Thermodynamic properties of MgSiO 3 at super-Earth mantle conditions

Recent discoveries of terrestrial exoplanets distant from our solar system motivate laboratory experiments that provide insight into their formation and thermal evolution. Using laser-driven shock wave experiments, we constrain high-temperature and high-pressure adiabats and the equation of state of ${\mathrm{MgSiO}}_{3}$, a dominant mantle constituent of terrestrial exoplanets. Critical to the development of a habitable exoplanet is the early thermal history, specifically the formation and freezing of the magma ocean and its role in enabling convection in the mantle and core. We measure the adiabatic sound speed and constrain the melt transition along the Hugoniot and find that the adiabats and melt boundary of silicate magmas are shallower than predicted. This suggests that small changes in the temperature of a super-Earth mantle would result in rapid melting and solidification of nearly the entire mantle.
Fiber-PIC coupling

The passive devices presented so far are based on single-mode high index-contrast (HIC) wave-guiding which enables the dense integration of many such devices on a photonic integrated circuit (PIC). A major disadvantage of this approach, compared with more conventional low index-contrast (such as silica based) integrated optics, is the difficulty of coupling light to and from an optical fiber. Approximating the fiber mode by a gaussian distribution (see section 2.6.3) the mode field diameter (MFD) of a fiber is defined as the 1 /e 2 -diameter of the gaussian power distribution and is approximately 15% larger than the core diameter. The typical MFD of a single-mode fiber (SMF) is 8-10 μm and the mode cross-section is ideally circular. A lensed fiber has a typical output beam diameter ~50% of the typical MFD and ~20 μm focal length. A HIC waveguide has a fundamental mode in the submicron range and, depending on the aspect ratio of the rectangular waveguide core, the mode cross-section is strongly elliptical. This large mode mismatch leads to very inefficient fiber-waveguide coupling with most of the power lost to radiation. The coupling loss between fibers of different MFD, assuming that they are perfectly aligned, is [68]: $$ loss(dB) = - 10\log \left\{ {\frac{4} {{\left( {\frac{{MFD_1 }} {{MFD_2 }} - \frac{{MFD_2 }} {{MFD_1 }}} \right)^2 }}} \right\} $$
Identity Development, Moral Authority and the Teacher Educator

Th eo ther parts of this boo kh ave spoken to the tangible issues of assessing the quality of a teacher education program. Thi sc hapter now speak st o t he issues of the teacher educator’s identity development. In thi sc hapter I will consider the context where I teach and the impact this has on my own identity as a teacher educator; then, I will consider th ew aysi nw hich attention to my moral authority as a teacher educator enables me to support the development of the identity of preservice teachers, an dfi nall yIw ill consider the potential confounding relationships of reciproca li d entity development for adolescent publi cs c hool students, teachers, and teacher educators. Key t ot he awareness of my own identity development i st he process of self-study as a recommende dp rofessiona lp ractice for teacher educators an dp reservice students. Aubusson (Chapter 3) not only captures well the issues of secondary teacher education in his context, his account articulates the issues at Brigham Young University where I have been a teacher educator since 1992. During that time, my own identity as a teacher educator has been influenced by three reform efforts in secondary education. We are currently in the third. Having spent three years away from campus working on a special project, my own voice in the current reform effort is minimal and my connection is distant. Aubusson outlines a program similar to ours with similar concerns and disconnects. In his context, I would be one of those generic teacher educators that “deliver” bits and pieces of teacher education preparation, such as educational psychology, school and society, or diversity courses rather than the methods for teaching the discipline that seem more central in his account. As I discuss teacher education at my institution, I will analyze the implications for my own role and its implications for my identity as a teacher educator.
Binding of rat liver and hepatoma polyribosomes to stripped rough endoplasmic reticulum in vitro. Biological or an artifact

Exposed thiol groups do not appear to be related to the binding of (32)P-labelled polyribosomes to stripped rough endoplasmic reticulum in vitro. Treating stripped rough endoplasmic reticulum with GSSG did not diminish binding of polyribosomes, suggesting that binding in vitro has no correlation with the inhibition of protein synthesis in vitro reported by Kosower et al. (1971). Thiol reagents, which are known to dissociate ribosomes, did not significantly decrease binding of (32)P-labelled polyribosomes to stripped rough endoplasmic reticulum. Denaturing the protein of (32)P-labelled polyribosomes or stripped rough endoplasmic reticulum of liver or hepatoma with heat, trichloroacetic acid, or HClO(4) did not alter the binding in vitro. Therefore, the practice of measuring the binding of (32)P-labelled polyribosomes to stripped rough endoplasmic reticulum in vitro (Shires et al., 1971b) is an unsuitable indicator of biological significance in the intact cell.
Growth, feed efficiency and variation of individually fed Angus, polled Hereford and Holstein steers.

Individual growth and feed intake of 36 Angus, 27 Polled Hereford and 30 Holstein steers were determined from 365 to 560 kg live weight. One-half of the cattle in each breed were fed a diet based on high-moisture ear corn and the other one-half were fed a diet based on corn silage. Within each breed X diet group, half of the cattle were implanted with zeranol. Cattle fed the high-moisture ear corn diet were 8% more (P less than .01) efficient than cattle fed the corn silage diet. Cattle implanted with zeranol consumed 9% more (P less than .005) dry matter and gained 15% (P less than .005) faster, resulting in 5% (P less than .05) less dry matter per unit gain than unimplanted cattle. Holstein steers gained 11% faster (P less than .005) and consumed 8% less (P less than .025) dry matter per unit gain than the average of Angus and Polled Hereford steers. Within subclass coefficients of variation were 9.9, 14.3 and 13.7 for daily dry matter intake, average daily gain and dry matter per unit gain, respectively; within subclass correlations were .50 (P less than .01), .17 and -.75 (P less than .01) between daily dry matter intake and average daily gain, daily dry matter intake and dry matter per unit gain and average daily gain and dry matter per unit gain. When combined with previous data that show Holsteins attain the Choice grade with less trimmable fat and equal weight of trimmed primal cuts compared with traditional beef breeds of the same live weight, these results suggest that Holstein steers are under-valued feedlot beef cattle.
Placing Health Warnings on E-Cigarettes: A Standardized Protocol.

Health warnings for e-cigarettes are a promising and novel tobacco control intervention for reducing e-cigarette use. We developed a new protocol for evaluating e-cigarette warnings by placing them on users’ own devices to reflect real-world exposure. Study 1 participants were a national convenience sample of 606 U.S. adult e-cigarette users surveyed online in March 2017. Most Study 1 participants were willing to have their e-cigarette devices (87%) and refills (83%) labeled. Study 2 participants were a convenience sample of 22 adult e-cigarette users recruited in California, United States in April 2017. We applied the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s proposed e-cigarette warning to users’ own devices and refills. Most Study 2 participants (81%) reported using e-cigarette devices with our warning labels at least 90% of the time during the study. Nearly all (95%) said they would participate in the study again, and 100% would recommend the study to a friend. Conversations about e-cigarette harms, conversations about quitting e-cigarettes, and intentions to quit using e-cigarettes increased during the study (all p < 0.05). These studies show that our naturalistic labeling protocol was feasible, acceptable to participants, and had high retention over three weeks. Using the protocol can yield important evidence on the impact of e-cigarette warnings to inform tobacco warning policies.
Communicative Accessibility in Aphasia: An Investigation of the Interactional Context of Long-Term Care Facilities.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of persons with aphasia to access interaction and be included in social encounters in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Method Four per...
Effect of Chemical Oxidation on the Higher Order Structure, Stability, Aggregation, and Biological Function of Interferon Alpha-2a: Role of Local Structural Changes Detected by 2D NMR.

Oxidized interferons have been shown to aggregate and cause immunogenicity. In this study, the structural mechanisms underlying oxidation-induced interferon alpha-2a (IFNA2a) aggregation and loss of function were examined. IFNA2a was oxidized using 0.037% vol/vol hydrogen peroxide. Oxidized protein was probed using biophysical methods that include denaturant melts, particle counting, proteolysis-coupled mass spectrometry, and 2D NMR. Oxidized IFNA2a did not show major changes in its secondary structure, but showed minor changes in tertiary structure when compared to the unoxidized protein. In addition, a significant loss of conformational stability was observed upon oxidation. Correspondingly, increased protein aggregation was observed resulting in the formation of sub-visible particles. Oxidized protein showed decreased biological function in terms of its anti-viral potency and cytopathic inhibition efficacy. Proteolysis-coupled mass spectrometry identified five methionine residues that were oxidized with no correlation between the extent of oxidation and their accessible surface area. 2D 15N-1H HSQC NMR identified residue-level local structural changes in the protein upon oxidation, which were not detectable by global probes such as far-UV circular dichroism and fluorescence. Increased protein aggregation and decreased function of IFNA2a upon oxidation correlated with the site of modification identified by proteolysis-coupled mass spectrometry and local structural changes in the protein detected by 2D NMR.
Factors Associated With Long-term Outcomes After Injury: Results of the Functional Outcomes and Recovery After Trauma Emergencies (FORTE) Multicenter Cohort Study.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with patient-reported outcomes, 6 to 12 months after moderate to severe injury. Summary of background data Due to limitations of trauma registries, we have an incomplete understanding of factors that impact long-term patient-reported outcomes after injury. As 96% of patients survive their injuries, several entities including the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine have called for a mechanism to routinely follow trauma patients and determine factors associated with survival, patient-reported outcomes, and reintegration into society after trauma. Methods Over 30 months, major trauma patients [Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥9] admitted to 3 Level-I trauma centers in Boston were assessed via telephone between 6 and 12 months after injury. Outcome measures evaluated long-term functional, physical, and mental-health outcomes. Multiple regression models were utilized to identify patient and injury factors associated with outcomes. Results We successfully followed 1736 patients (65% of patients contacted). More than half (62%) reported current physical limitations, 37% needed help for at least 1 activity of daily living, 20% screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), all SF-12 physical health subdomain scores were significantly below US norms, and 41% of patients who were working previously were unable to return to work. Age, sex, and education were associated with long-term outcomes, while almost none of the traditional measures of injury severity were. Conclusion The long-term sequelae of trauma are more significant than previously expected. Collection of postdischarge outcomes identified patient factors, such as female sex and low education, associated with worse recovery. This suggests that social support systems are potentially at the core of recovery rather than traditional measures of injury severity.
“It would be so much easier”: health system-led genetic risk notification—feasibility and acceptability of cascade screening in an integrated system

Assess the feasibility and acceptability of health system-led genetic risk notification in a US integrated health system. We conducted semi-structured phone interviews with individuals age 40–64 years who had undergone genetic sequencing, but had not yet received their results, assessing attitudes to direct outreach to relatives. During each interview, we collected contact information for adult relatives identified as members of the same system and attempted to identify each relative in administrative data. We conducted 20 interviews. Most participants expressed support for Kaiser Permanente Washington involvement in familial risk notification. Direct outreach to relatives received the most unqualified support; outreach to the relatives’ physician or interaction with the relatives’ electronic medical record received more tempered support. Support was motivated by the desire to have risk communicated accurately and quickly. The most common caveat was a desire to alert relatives before the health system contacted them. Of 57 named relatives who were members of the same health system, we retrieved a single match for 40 (70.2%) based on name or birthdate. Health system involvement in familial risk notification received support in a sample of patients in a US integrated health system, and identification of relatives is feasible.
Automatic Load Shedding Protection at A Coal-Chemical Plant

This paper reports a dynamic modeling of a coal-chemical plant and studies for automatic load shedding protection. The plant had on-site generation to support partial plant loads. In the past, disconnecting from the grid had caused frequency and voltage decay in the plant electrical system to drop out some critical loads. A complete system computer model is constructed including generator dynamics and excitation and prime mover/governor control characteristics. Transient stability simulations to various loading and generation conditions were carried out to understand and study system frequency and voltage behaviors and patterns of change under a sudden islanding case by analyzing frequency vs. time and frequency change rate vs. time curves. Further, through carefully evaluating plant load priorities as well as load dependencies, several feasible load shedding control strategies were proposed and simulated by computer modeling and study. Simulation results verified that proposed load shedding schemes can correctly predicate the frequency drop thus automatically shed non-critical and independent loads to prevent system frequency drop to exceed the allowable deviation. The solution is automatic and feasible which has been successfully implemented at the plant.
Circadian mismatch and cardiovascular response to a performance challenge: Larks in morning and evening work sessions.

Abstract We presented morning chronotype (“Lark”) university undergraduate volunteers a more or less difficult Sternberg-type recognition memory task either in the morning (8–11 am) or in the evening (5–8 pm) with instructions that they could win a prize if they were 85% successful. We established morning chronotype using the Composite Scale for Morningness (Smith et al., 1989), employing a tertile split on a pool of scale scores that ranged from 13 (extreme eveningness) to 55 (extreme morningness). Participants had scores above 37, with most participants identifying as White/Caucasian, Hispanic/Latino, or Black/African-American. Among women (final sample n = 81), systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure responses assessed during work formed a crossover pattern, being positively correspondent to difficulty in the morning but negatively correspondent to difficulty in the evening. Heart rate and heart pre-ejection period responses ran parallel in the morning but not the evening. Among men (final sample n = 41), cardiovascular responses differed neither with difficulty nor with time. Findings for women support the extension of a recent analysis of fatigue influence on effort and associated cardiovascular responses to the phenomenon of circadian mismatch. Findings for men do not support the extension but should be interpreted guardedly in light of prohibitively low cell ns and unexpected findings on key subjective measures.
Online Diversity Communication at Wells Fargo

This chapter is dedicated to Wells Fargo. The results of several quantitative analyses conducted to assess online diversity communication revealed that the company’s enactment of dialogue did not lead to bond-based attachment. The thematic analysis performed on the users’ comments provided valuable explanations in this sense: Wells Fargo’s recurrent crises and the need to reestablish trust.
Fetal renal artery impedance in pregnancies affected by preeclampsia.

Background Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific vascular endothelial disorder characterized by multi-organ system involvement. This includes the maternal kidneys, with changes such as continuous vasospasm of renal arteries and reduced renal blood flow. However, it is unclear whether similar renal vascular changes are seen in the fetus. This study sought to compare renal artery impedance in fetuses of women with and without PE. Methods This was a prospective Doppler assessment study of the fetal renal artery impedance in 48 singleton fetuses. The group with PE consisted of 24 appropriately grown fetuses in pregnancy complicated by both mild and severe PE and a control group of 24 uncomplicated pregnancies. Doppler studies included renal artery systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio, pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and identification of end-diastolic blood flow. Results Fetuses of mothers with PE were more likely to have a lower renal artery Doppler S/D ratio (7.85 [6.4-10.2] vs. 10.8 [7.75-22.5], P = 0.03) and lower RI (0.875 [0.842-0.898] vs. 0.905 [0.872-0.957], P = 0.03). However, there was no statistically significant difference in PI. There was also no difference in the incidence of absent end-diastolic flow. Conclusion This study suggests that PE results in changes in blood flow to the renal arteries of the fetus. This may be associated with long-term adverse health effects later in adulthood.
Laparoscopic Sigmoid Resection

This chapter discusses the technical aspects of laparoscopic sigmoid resection, by both a lateral-to-medial approach and a medial-to-lateral approach. Technical aspects include instrumentation, patient positioning/operating room setup, type of incision and port placement, dissection approach, and resection and reconstruction steps. The authors also offer pearls and pitfalls.
Potent Antiviral Activities of Type I Interferons to SARS-CoV-2 Infection

The historical outbreak of COVID-19 disease not only constitutes a global public health crisis, but also has a devastating social and economic impact. The disease is caused by a newly identified coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an urgent need to identify antivirals to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. Herein, we report the remarkable sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 to recombinant human interferons α and β (IFNα/β). Treatment with IFN-α or IFN-β at a concentration of 50 international units (IU) per milliliter drastically reduce viral titers by 3.4 log or 4.5 log, respectively in Vero cells. The EC50 of IFN-α and IFN-β treatment is 1.35 IU/ml and 0.76 IU/ml, respectively, in Vero cells. These results suggested that SARS-CoV-2 is more sensitive to many other human pathogenic viruses, including the SARS-CoV. Overall, our results demonstrate the potent efficacy of human Type I IFN in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 replication, a finding which could inform future treatment options for COVID-19.
Evaluating the Fijian board of commissioners of currency

Abstract. This paper describes the history of Fiji’s currency board, which existed from 1914 to 1973, and analyzes the extent of its orthodoxy through statistical analysis of its annual financial statements. An accompanying spreadsheet workbook contains all related data and analysis. Keywords. Fiji, Currency board, Devaluation, Orthodoxy. JEL. E59, N17.
Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Polymers by Functionalization of cis-1,4-Polyisoprene with Hypervalent Iodine Compounds

Hypervalent (HV) iodine(III) compounds with fluorine-containing ligands (F, CF3, C6F5CO2, or CF3(CF2)8CO2 (n-C9F19CO2)) reacted, in the presence of iodine or copper salts, with the double bonds in ...
Some Endangered Feeling

This essay sees the recent trend in novels that feature damaged, partial, or wayward protagonists as the ascent of a tradition of formal outliers as old as the novel itself to a position of dominan...
Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of Crime Data

Crime is one of the biggest and dominating problems in today’s world and it is not only harmful to the person involved but also to the community and government. Due to escalation in crime frequency, there is a need for a system that can detect and predict crimes. This paper describes the summary of the different methods and techniques used to identify, analyze and predict upcoming and present crimes. This paper shows, how data mining techniques can be used to detect and predict crime using association mining rule, k-means clustering, decision tree, artificial neural networks and deep learning methods are also explained. Most of the researches are currently working on forecasting the occurrence of future crime. There is a need for approaches that can work on real-time crime prediction at high speed and accuracy. In this paper, a model has been proposed that can work on real-time crime prediction by recognizing human actions.
Virtual Reality and Political Outgroup Contact: Can Avatar Customization and Common Ingroup Identity Reduce Social Distance?:

This study (N = 217) explores the potential for virtual reality to decrease social distance toward outgroup members among women. Raising the salience of individuals’ real physical identity through ...
Legislación expedida por los Poderes Federales en San Luis Potosí en 1863 y 1867: Fuente para el entendimiento de la guerra de intervención francesa

El 9 de junio de 1863 el presidente Benito Juarez llego a la ciudad de San Luis Potosi junto con su gabinete. Se les recibio en la Hacienda de la Pila formandoseles valla desde la garita de Mexico al Palacio y al llegar la comitiva, mas o menos a las once y media de la manana, se dio un repique general en las campanas de todos los templos y algunas salvas de artilleria, anunciando que los Supremos Poderes de la Union entraban en la nueva capital de la Republica, decretada asi el 29 de Mayo de ese ano. Asi se abria una coyuntura politica y legislativa fundacional en la defensa del estado republicano. En terminos juridicos es posible decir que gran parte de lo que seria la reorganizacion del estado nacional durante la intervencion francesa, se llevo a cabo durante los breves periodos en que los poderes federales se concentraron en San Luis. Este trabajo analiza las disposiciones emitidas por el supremo gobierno de la republica desde la capital potosina en dichos lapsos, y argumenta que su importancia radica en que tales provisiones se centraron en garantizar la operatividad basica del debil Estado mexicano durante la guerra.
Hardy spaces and twisted sectors for geometric models

We study the one-to-one analytic maps a that send the unit disc into a region G with the property that AG C G for some complex number A, 0 < JAI < 1. These functions arise in iteration theory, giving a model for the self-maps of the unit disk into itself, and in the study of composition operators as their eigenfunctions. We show that for such functions there are geometrical conditions on the image region G that characterize their rate of growth, i.e. we prove that a EGnP< HP if and only if G does not contain a twisted sector. Then, we examine the connection with composition operators, and further investigate the no twisted sector condition. Finally, in the Appendix, we give a different proof of a result of J. Shapiro about the essential norm of a composition operator.
Games: Voluntary Contributions

Voluntary contributions are a common mechanism for individuals to provide public goods to an economy. Standard economic theories suggest problems with the use of voluntary contributions. However, both field data and data collected from controlled laboratory experiments suggest that this pessimism is only partially justified. Keywords: public goods; altruism; reciprocity
Characterization of Tx, an active subfraction of human dialyzable transfer factor: I. Identification of the major component in TFg, a precursor of Tx, as hypoxanthine

Abstract Human dialyzable transfer factor (TFd) was previously shown by us to transfer cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity (DH) to purified protein derivative (PPD) into antigenprimed guinea pigs. Fractionation of human TFd on Sephadex G-25 yielded a fraction termed “TFg” that was capable of transferring DH into primed guinea pigs. TFg was further resolved into two subfractions (Tx and TFg 1 ) by chromatography on Bio-Gel P-2 or P-4. Results from gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-2, thin-layer chromatography, uv spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy unequivocally demonstrated that the major component in preparations of TFg and TFg 1 is hypoxanthine; however, the biological activity originally in TFd was found only in Tx. Hypoxanthine did not induce DH to PPD in guinea pigs and did not stimulate the production of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) by human lymphocytes. At concentrations of 200 μg/ml or more, hypoxanthine was found to stimulate rather than to inhibit the random migration of human leukocytes. Our results indicate that hypoxanthine is found in TFd and fraction TFg but has no direct role in inducing nonspecific responsiveness as measured by skin testing in antigen-primed guinea pigs or release of LIF by human lymphocytes in vitro .
The Effect of Intensive Reading Intervention on California State Testing Scores in a Small Rural Middle School

This study evaluated the effectiveness of reading intervention on California Standardized Test (CST) scores that was implemented in a rural community in Northern California. The study addressed the challenge of meeting the objective of increasing student performance in English language arts on the CST. Investigating whether or not there was a significant relationship between students receiving the intensive intervention and positive academic growth as it is measured on the CST is important for future implications of intervention programs at this site. The literature review focused on the process of adolescents acquiring literacy, differences in achievement within poor and rural communities, and effective intervention strategies. A new intervention curriculum was adopted for struggling students and this study focused on the effectiveness. The site is a small, rural and economically disadvantaged middle school. This study did not find significance between the intervention and an increase in the CST scores of students who were enrolled in the intervention. EFFECTS OF INTENSIVE READING INTERVENTION ON CST SCORES 6
International Disaster Response Law: Treaties, Principles, Regulations and Remaining Gaps

This article gives an overview of the development of the disaster relief law within the international society. Attached to the article is a copy of a report from the United Nation of the Secretary-General of 1984 with draft to a Convention on expediting the delivery of emergency assistance, which draft is based on suggestions made by the author while Director of the Henry Dunant Institute (International Red Cross Research and Training Center, Geneva, Switzerland).
Theory of Perturbations

The number of calculations that can be carried out exactly, either in classical or in quantum dynamics, is comparatively small and the number of useful results so obtained is even smaller. The greater part of physics, engineering, and dynamical astronomy involves approximations, and the worst difficulties arise when the variables of a problem are not separable. What one hopes to do is to find a corresponding problem in which not only are the variables separable but the resulting differential equations can be solved exactly, and then move from the solved problem to the unsolved one by a systematic procedure of approximation, usually involving expansion in series. The procedures in quantum and in classical mechanics can be carried out in somewhat analogous fashions, but there is no use in pursuing the comparison very far since what is observable differs in the two theories. An astronomer, for example, wishes to calculate positions in the sky and has little interest in knowing energies, whereas in atomic physics an electron’s position is not an observable while its energy is.
Conservation vs. consensus in peer-to-peer preservation systems

The problem of digital preservation is widely acknowledged, but the underlying assumptions implicit to the design of systems that address this problem have not been analyzed explicitly. We identify two basic approaches to address the problem of digital preservation using peer-to-peer systems: conservation and consensus. We highlight the design tradeoffs involved in using the two general approaches, and we provide a framework for analyzing the characteristics of peer-to-peer preservation systems in general. In addition, we propose a novel conservation-based protocol for achieving preservation and we analyze its effectiveness with respect to our framework.
3,5-Difluoro-phenyl phenyl sulfone.

In the title compound, C12H8F2O2S, which is a precursor of functionalised poly(aryl­ene ether sulfone) polymers, the dihedral angle between the aromatic ring planes is 84.43 (8)°. In the crystal structure, aromatic π–π stacking [centroid–centroid separations = 3.808 (3) and 3.867 (3) A] helps to establish the packing. A short C—H⋯F contact also occurs.
Modeling of Crystal Growth Processes

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the current practice of modeling melt and solution crystal growth processes. The continuum transport equations describing these systems are reviewed, numerical solution strategies are outlined, and the special modeling challenges posed by the crystal growth are discussed. At a microscopic scale of tens of nanometers or less, ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) methods are employed to study the atomic behavior of crystallization. Molecular dynamics methods based on classical potentials are able to compute for much larger ensembles and longer time scales. To simulate even larger length scales and longer time scales, the kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) method can be applied to many systems. On a macroscopic scale of tens of microns and larger, the continuum methods can be applied to describe the physical phenomena. There are various phenomena associated with the crystal growth that can occur on a “meso-scale”, comprising hundreds of nanometer to tens of microns and occurring over long time scales. In the case of bulk crystal growth, modeling directly connects the processing conditions to the outcomes. Since bulk crystals are usually incorporated into the electronic, optical, or optoelectronic devices, the outcome is measured in terms of the crystal properties relevant to these devices.
EFFECTS OF MICROSTRUCTURE ON RESISTANCE TO SHEAR LOCALIZATION FOR A CLASS OF METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES

The development of shear bands in a class of materials with inhomogeneous and composite microstructures is analysed using dynamic finite element calculations. The analysis is based on experimen- tal studies of the deformation localization and constitutive behaviour of tungsten composites having two- phase microstructures consisting of hard tungsten grains and a soft alloy metal matrix. The calculations concern the eVects of variations in microstructures on the resistance of the materials to shear banding. Specifically, three variations from the currently used microstructure are considered: (1) the alteration of the matrix phase to one that has a lower thermal conductivity; (2) the introduction of an interfacial layer between the grains and the matrix which limits microscopic heat exchange between the phases by having a low thermal conductivity; and (3) the modification of the matrix to one having a lower strength at high temperatures, but otherwise the same thermal and mechanical properties as the nickel-iron-tungsten matrix currently used in many tungsten composites. Numerical results show that the introduction of the low-conductivity interfacial layer significantly enhances the formation of shear bands and reduces the overall flow stress of the composite throughout the deformation. On the other hand, accelerated thermal softening of the matrix phase at high temperatures expedites localization in later stages of deformation while allowing the material to maintain a strong stress-strain response in the early part of the deformation. The results point out possible directions for the improvement of advanced composites in applications where the localization of deformation plays an important role.
An Analysis of the Optical Titrations of the 430 and 455 NM Chromophores of Ethyl Isocyanide Complexes of Mammalian Hepatic Cytochrome P-450

A computational method is presented from which one may calculate the pK for the spectral changes of the 430 and 455 mm chromophores of ethyl isocyanide complexes of rabbit and rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. For the rat liver protein from control or phenobarbital-treated animals, the pK for the loss of the 430 nm absorption is approximately equal to the pK for the gain of the 455 nm absorption, confirming that the two chromophores are in pH equilibrium with one another. For a soluble preparation in which the chromophores exhibit the pH equilibrium property, this equilibrium is also maintained even after the addition of ethyl isocyanide. It is concluded that the appearance of a 430 nm absorption after the addition of ethyl isocyanide to reduced cytochrome P-450 does not necessarily represent conversion of the protein to cytochrome P-420.
Learning in counterinsurgency: what do we really know?

Since the publication in 2002 of John Nagl's Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife, organizational learning has been widely presumed an important ingredient for success in counterinsurgency. But sampling the literature from before and after this time shows remarkably little analytical treatment of the issue of learning and even confusion over what it may mean. This article considers the theories, hypotheses, research strategies, threats to validity, methods of measurement, treatments of time, and general lack of statistical analysis in the work to date and recommends a course for future research.
Rethinking the CS-2 course with an object-oriented focus

Clearly, switching to the object-oriented paradigm as the first paradigm students learn must be accompanied by curricular changes. After three semesters of experience, this paper addresses the pedagogical problems encountered in switching to the object-oriented programming paradigm in the CS-2 course and our solutions to these problems.
Generalized Einstein operator generating functions

We present gauge invariant, self-adjoint Einstein operators for mixed symmetry higher spin theories. The result applies to multi-forms, multi-symmetric forms and mixed antisymmetric and symmetric multi-forms, generalizing previous results for combinations of these cases. It also yields explicit action principles for these theories in terms of their minimal covariant field content. For known cases, these actions imply the mixed symmetry equations of motion of Labastida. The result is based on a calculus for handling normal ordered operator expressions built from quantum generators of the underlying constraint algebras.
High-rate reactive d.c. magnetron sputtering of ZrOx coatings

ZrO x coatings were synthesized using reactive d.c.-magnetron sputtering of a Zr metal target in argon-oxygen gas mixtures. Pulsed-d.c. power supplies were able to stop arcing on the cathode and on the substrates. The structure and properties of the ZrO x films were affected by several of the reactive sputtering process variables such as substrate bias and oxygen partial pressure (P O2 ) and by the substrate materials. With automatic feedback control of P O2 , a series of Zr x coatings, where 0≤x≤2, were deposited onto various substrates. With increasing P O2 , the deposition rate decreased, and the phases of the coatings changed from Zr metal, to Zr-O solid solution, to mixtures of Zr-O and monoclinic ZrO 2 (m-ZrO 2 ), and finally to m-ZrO 2 . The hardness of the ZrO x films ranged from 6 to 20 GPa. Highly textured m-ZrO 2 films, with either (-111) or (002) preferred orientation, were deposited. The highest m-ZrO 2 rate was 240 nm min -1 , which is 75% of the Zr metal deposition rate.
Biochemical genetics of the mammalian oxidative phosphorylation system: Analysis of the difference in the sensitivity of various Chinese hamster cell lines to inhibitors of the mitochondrial ATP synthase complex

Seven different Chinese hamster cell lines were found to vary greatly in their sensitivity to inhibitors of the mitochondrial ATPase. In plating-efficiency experiments, Chinese hamster lung V79 and bone marrow M3-1 cells were approximately 10,000-fold more resistant to oligomycin, 100-fold more resistant to efrapeptin, and 10-fold more resistant to ossamycin and leucinostatin than were ovary CHO or peritoneal B14 cells. In vitro experiments indicated that the increased resistance of V79 versus CHO cells to these inhibitors was due to an increased resistance of the mitochondrial ATPase. Heat-inactivation experiments indicated that there was a difference in the structure of the mitochondrial ATPase of V79 and CHO cells. Genetic experiments indicated that the difference in the sensitivity of V79 and CHO cells to inhibitors of the ATPase and the difference in the structure of the mitochondrial ATPase of V79 and CHO cells was due to a difference in both a nuclear and a cytoplasmic gene.
MORTALITY AFTER DISCHARGE FROM NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE

Mortality rates for neonatal intensive care units are often reported as neonatal deaths (<28 days) or deaths prior to discharge from the unit. We investigated deaths occurring after discharge from our intensive care nursery (ICN). Of 1,978 admissions to the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center ICN for the years 1976-1981, 225 infants died prior to discharge (11.4%). We matched the remaining 1,753 infants with New Hampshire and Vermont death records. We identified 40 post discharge deaths; 33 occurred at age <1 year. Causes of death are recorded below. Seven of the 8 SIDS infants were premature (out of 1,234 prematures discharged); 6 of the 8 were male; 3 were one of twins. Apnea was identified prior to discharge in only 4 of the SIDS group. Significant pathology in the SIDS group related to the neonatal course included periventricular leukomalacia with cerebellar atrophy, laryngeal fibrosis with stenosis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Effect of Surface Reconstruction on Molecular Chemisorption: A Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study of H8Si8O12 Clusters on Au(111) 23×√3

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) data are presented in conjunction with reflection−absorption infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy data investigating the adsorbate layer formation of H8Si8O12 clusters on a clean Au(111) 23×√3 surface. All three experimental techniques independently support desorption of approximately 10−15% of the H8Si8O12 clusters from the Au/H7Si8O12 adsorbate layer surface following evacuation of excess H8Si8O12 cluster pressure from the ultrahigh vacuum reaction chamber. Surprisingly, the STM data indicate that unlike all other reported molecular adsorbates having a strong chemical interaction with the Au(111) surface, the 23×√3 surface reconstruction is preserved following chemisorption of H8Si8O12 clusters. Additionally, at saturation coverage the clusters are preferentially bound to, and predominantly desorb from, specific sites on the Au(111) 23×√3 reconstructed surface. The preferential cluster adsorption/desorption behavior creates a unique pattern of ho...