cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A load-balancing spare capacity reallocation approach in the next-generation SONET metro networks

The next-generation SONET metro network is evolving into a service-rich infrastructure. At the edge of such a network, multiservice provisioning platforms (MSPPs) provide efficient data mapping enabled by Generic Framing Procedure (GFP) and Virtual Concatenation (VC). The core of the network tends to be a meshed architecture equipped with Multi-service Switches (MSSs). In the context of these emerging technologies, we propose a load-balancing spare capacity reallocation approach to improve network utilization in the next-generation SONET metro networks. Using our approach, carriers can postpone network upgrades, resulting in increased revenue with reduced capital expenditures (CAPEX). For the first time, we consider the spare capacity reallocation problem from a capacity upgrade and network planning perspective. Our approach can operate in the context of shared-path protection (with backup multiplexing) because it reallocates spare capacity without disrupting working services. Unlike previous spare capacity reallocation approaches which aim at minimizing total spare capacity, our load-balancing approach minimizes the network load vector (NLV), which is a novel metric that reflects the network load distribution. Because NLV takes into consideration both uniform and non-uniform link capacity distribution, our approach can benefit both uniform and non-uniform networks. We develop a greedy load-balancing spare capacity reallocation (GLB-SCR) heuristic algorithm to implement this approach. Our experimental results show that GLB-SCR outperforms a previously proposed algorithm (SSR) in terms of established connection capacity and total network capacity in both uniform and non-uniform networks.
Perinatal hemochromatosis: entity or end result?

Abstract A clinicopathologic picture of severe neonatal liver disease associated with heavy stainable iron stores in a “hemochromatotic” distribution has been designated as neonatal or perinatal iron storage disease or hemochromatosis. In an attempt to determine the specificity of these findings, we determined the amount and distribution of stainable iron in four groups of autopsied infants: those with severe subacute/chronic liver disease of undetermined etiology, those with subacute/chronic liver disease of known etiology, those with severe acute liver disease, and those with no liver disease. Fourteen of 15 infants with severe subacute/chronic liver disease of unknown etiology showed heavy iron accumulation in a hemochromatotic distribution in more than one organ, in contrast to only one of 37 cases in the other three groups. The findings are compatible with the possibility that the combination of morphologic findings defines a single disease entity (of currently unknown etiology), and also with the possibility that this disease entity is specific only to the extent of establishing a relationship between severe early (in utero) liver injury and a hemochromatotic distribution of iron in multiple organs.
Hydrogen bonding between cytosine and peptides of threonine or serine: is it relevant to the origin of the genetic code?

Abstract 13C, 15N, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance measurements indicate that chloroform-soluble threonine-containing tripeptide derivatives, such as t-Boc-Thr-Gly-Gly-OBz, form three strong hydrogen bonds to the cytosine moiety of 2′,3′-O-isopropylidene-5′-O-t-butyldimethylsilylcytidine. The CO and NH of the central peptide residue plus the OH of the threonine side chain appear to form bonds to the N(4′)H2, N(3), and C(2)O, respectively, of the pyrimidine. An association constant calculated from the cytidine 15N(4′) nuclear magnetic resonance response to added peptide is four times larger than the corresponding cytosine-guanine constant. It is suggested that cytosinepeptide bonding was part of the primitive genetic coding mechanism early in evolution and accounts for the origin of the cytosine-centered codons for the hydroxy amino acids, serine and threonine, in the present code.
Analysis of public library users' digital preservation practices

This research investigated preservation practices of personal digital information by public library users. This qualitative study used semistructured interviews and two visual representation techniques, information source horizons and matrices, for data collection. The constant comparison method and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. A model emerged which describes the effects of social, cognitive, and affective influences on personal preservation decisions as well as the effects of fading cognitive associations and technological advances, combined with information escalation over time. Because the preservation of personal digital information involves personal, social, and technological interactions, the integration of these factors is necessary for a viable solution to the digital preservation problem. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional outcome in soft palate reconstruction using a radial forearm free flap in conjunction with a superiorly based pharyngeal flap.

Background Speech and swallowing problems due to velopharyngeal incompetence may follow soft palate resection and reconstruction. Over the past 3 years, we have developed the use of a superiorly based pharyngeal flap in conjunction with a radial forearm flap for soft palate reconstruction. Methods This paper describes the technique in detail and compares the functional results in a study with patients undergoing soft palate resection for squamous cell carcinoma treated with or without a pharyngeal flap as an adjunct to a radial forearm free flap for soft palate reconstruction. Seven patients had one quarter or one half soft palate defects reconstructed with a radial forearm flap alone. Of the 11 patients undergoing three quarter or total soft palate resections, all were reconstructed with a radial forearm flap, but 5 were treated with an additional superiorly based pharyngeal flap. The functional outcome for all the patients was analyzed and compared. Results Our results show that the addition of the superiorly based pharyngeal to the radial forearm flap in soft palate reconstruction results in improved speech and swallowing. We recommend the use of the additional flap in resections in which more than one quarter of the soft palate is included. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Head Neck 19:524–534, 1997.
Chemical mitigation of the transmutation problem in crystalline nuclear waste radiophases

Certain deleterious effects on a solid nuclear waste form, though not yet quantitatively defined, could occur due to transmutations of the type 137Cs+ → 137Ba2+ and 90Sr2+ → 90Zr4+ (of half-life, t1/2, approximately 30 years in both cases). The relevant causes of such possible effects are the valence and size changes. In this paper, a chemical mitigation strategy is explicitly formulated: if the transmuting species can be incorporated in a multiple-cation host, in which one of the inert cations is a variable-valence transition metal, the valence-change aspect of transmutation can be mitigated by a complementary valence change of the transition metal ion. A generalized scheme is: $${\text{Cs}}^{\text{ + }} R^{z + } {\text{O}}_{{\text{(}}z + 1{\text{)/2}}} \mathop \to \limits^{\underset{\raise0.3em\hbox{$\smash{\scriptscriptstyle\cdot}$}}{\beta } ^ - } {\text{Ba}}^{{\text{2 + }}} R^{(z - 1) + } {\text{O}}_{{\text{(z + 1)/2'}}} $$
Counselor Confidence and Accuracy of Prognoses of Success or Failure

This study assessed the accuracy of predictions of freshman and overall college scholastic performance made by groups of high school counselors, college advisors, and counseling psychologists from a university counseling center in relation to the confidence of these judges that their prognoses were accurate. Predictions were made from three sets of case information. The results revealed that: (1) the degree of confidence counselors indicated in their freshman and overall college “pass” predictions was appropriately related to accuracy; (2) counselor confidence in freshman “fail” predictions was not related to accuracy although the “fail” judgments tended to be more accurate than the “pass” prognoses; (3) counselor confidence in their overall “fail” predictions was not significantly related to accuracy and, unlike the results for the freshman judgments, the overall “fail” predictions were not more accurate than the “pass” predictions; (4) the amount of case data available was not related to counselor predictive accuracy.
Health promotion and human right protection: finding a balance for HIV testing policies in U.S. state prisons.

In 2008, approximately 1.5 million people were reported to be incarcerated in a prison in the United States (Maruschak, 2009). Previous research has shown that many incarcerated individuals engage in high-risk sexual behaviors and/or have a history of substance abuse (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], n.d., para. 2), thereby putting them in a high-risk group for contracting HIV infection. As one would expect, this high-risk behavior has translated into startling statistics. According to the most recent U.S. Bureau of Justice report, the number of HIV-infected individuals living in the United States who are incarcerated is approximately 2.5 times higher than that of the general population (Maruschak, 2009). What is even more alarming is the fact that many of the infected individuals are unaware of their HIV status at the time of incarceration (Desai, Latta, Spaulding, Rich, & Flanigan, 2002). In addition to the high-risk behaviors engaged in by many of those who enter prison before their incarceration, once an individual is established within the prison setting, high-risk behaviors often continue. Many studies have examined the incidence of sexual activity in prisons; however, the results have been far from conclusive. Saum, Surratt, Inciardi, and Bennett (1995) reported a rate of 2%, whereas an earlier survey that was conducted when HIV was a newly emerging and unknown infection estimated a much higher rate of 65% (Wooden & Parker, 1982).
Inhibition of murine suppressor cell function by progesterone.

Abstract The effects of progesterone on murine suppressor cell function generated in allogeneic MLCs were investigated. BALB/c splenic lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with C3H/He cells significantly suppressed the proliferative response of BALB/c lymphocytes in a secondary MLC. This suppression was highly specific for the sensitizing alloantigens since the suppressor cells had no effect on the proliferative response of BALB/c lymphocytes to third-party alloantigens. In addition, BALB/c lymphocytes stimulated with syngeneic cells were observed to nonspecifically suppress the MLC response to a lesser extent. One to 10 μg/ml progesterone added at initiation to suppressor cell generating cultures diminished the ability of both alloantigen specific and nonspecific suppressor cell populations to suppress the proliferative response of homologous lymphcytes to alloantigens. Experiments with pyrilamine, an antihistamine, which blocks cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) generation, suggests that progesterone has a direct inhibitory effect on suppressor cell function independent of its ability to block CTL induction. The effects of progesterone on suppressor cells were not due to shifts in peak response time in MLC or induction of radiosensitive cells in progesterone-treated cultures. Estradiol at doses between 5 and 10 μg/ ml, and cortisol at dose of 1 μg/ml, also significantly inhibited suppressor cell function. These results suggest that the steroid hormone milieu within the placenta may effect the activity of allogeneic or nonspecific suppressor cell activity.
Antibody based target tailored antimicrobial chemotherapy - A new approach

Ever since antimicrobial therapy was introduced, two phenomenons have been observed: drug resistance and host toxicity. Mutation(s) in microbes leads to the earlier, while off target effects of therapy cause the latter. Neither of these problems have yet to be resolved. All Microbes express specific antigens, against which monoclonal antibodies can be generated ex vivo. If these specific antibodies are conjugated with antimicrobial drugs, it would lead to an increase in the specificity of antimicrobial chemotherapy agents. Moreover, the antibodies also work as anti-infective agents by directing the human immune response to the pathogen. As a result, antibody conjugated antimicrobial chemotherapy may have lower side effects, higher potency and efficacy.
Identification and molecular analysis of oxyR-regulated promoters important for the bacterial adaptation to oxidative stress

The oxyR-encoded regulatory protein, OxyR, acts to induce the synthesis of a family of hydrogen peroxide-inducible proteins in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. To further define the mechanism by which oxyR regulates the production of these proteins, we identified, mapped, and characterized oxyR-regulated promoters upstream from the S. typhimurium ahp genes (encoding an alkyl hydroperoxide reductase) and the E. coli katG gene (encoding catalase). A set of ahpC promoter deletions was constructed in vitro and analysis of these deletions revealed the location of sequences that are involved in oxyR-mediated induction of the ahpC gene product. DNase I protection studies of the ahpC promoter region revealed an oxyR-dependent footprint that overlapped the sequences found to be important for oxyR control. E. coli strains containing transcriptional fusions between the katG promoter and the lacZ gene showed strongly increased synthesis of β-galactosidase in response to hydrogen peroxide treatment. This stimulation was found to be oxyR-dependent. DNase I protection studies of the katG promoter region revealed an oxyR-dependent footprint in the same location relative to the basal promoter elements as was observed with the ahpC promoter. Although both the ahpC and katG promoters were shown to bind the same factor, no strong sequence similarities were found between the two, or between the two and a third oxyR-dependent binding site upstream from the E. coli oxyR gene itself.
Are parents following the recommendations for keeping children younger than 2 years rear facing during motor vehicle travel

Purpose Between 2007 and 2012 there have been several recommendations that infants and toddlers ride in a car safety seat (CSS) rear facing until 2 years of age. This study reports the effect of these recommendations on the observed direction of travel for infants and toddlers transported in motor vehicles between 2007 and 2012. Methods This is an observational, cross-sectional survey of drivers transporting children collected at 25 convenience locations selected in Indiana during summer 2007 through 2012. Observations were conducted by Certified Child Passenger Safety Technicians. As drivers completed a written survey, the Certified Child Passenger Safety Technician recorded the vehicle seating location, type of restraint, CSS direction and use of the CSS harness or safety belt as appropriate, and demographic data. The infant and toddler9s age and weight were collected. Data from 2007 through 2012 for ages birth through 23 months were compared in order to determine if recommendations impacted observed direction of travel. Results During the study period, the percent of infants and toddlers (birth through 23 months) observed rear facing in a motor vehicle varied from 44.2% (2007) to 59.1% (2012). For infants (birth through 11 months) observed rear facing, it was 85.1% (2009) to 91.6% (2012). The percent of toddlers (12 months through 23 months) observed rear facing ranged from 3.3% (2008) to 18.2% (2012). Conclusions During the study period, the proportion of toddlers rear facing increased approximately 15% (p=0.03). Counselling by primary care providers should continue and be strengthened to increase parent and caregiver awareness of the latest child passenger safety recommendations.
Decision Making for Bioterror Preparedness: Examples from Smallpox Vaccination Policy

Decision making for bioterror preparedness involves estimating the consequences of different attack scenarios paired with alternative preparedness and response policies, and selecting an appropriate strategy to minimize deaths, disease, and costs to society. Smallpox vaccination policy provides an excellent case study of these concepts in action. We review both the smallpox vaccination policy debate in the United States circa 2002, and the successful use of operations research methods to influence policy in this arena.
A Photoreceptor Calcium Binding Protein Is Recognized by Autoantibodies Obtained from Patients with Cancer-associated Retinopathy

Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR), a paraneoplastic syndrome, is characterized by the degeneration of retinal photoreceptors under conditions where the tumor and its metastases have not invaded the eye. The retinopathy often is apparent before the diagnosis of cancer and may be associated with autoantibodies that react with specific sites in the retina. We have examined the sera from patients with CAR to further characterize the retinal antigen. Western blot analysis of human retinal proteins reveals a prominent band at 26 kD that is labeled by the CAR antisera. Antibodies to the 26-kD protein were affinity-purified from complex CAR antisera and used for EM-immunocytochemical localization of the protein to the nuclei, inner and outer segments of both rod and cone cells. Other antibodies obtained from the CAR sera did not label photoreceptors. Using the affinity-purified antibodies for detection, the 26-kD protein, designated p26, was purified to homogeneity from the outer segments of bovine rod photoreceptor cells by Phenyl-Sepharose and ion exchange chromatography. Partial amino acid sequence of p26 was determined by gas phase Edman degradation and revealed extensive homology with a cone-specific protein, visinin. Based upon structural relatedness, both the p26 rod protein and visinin are members of the calmodulin family and contain calcium binding domains of the E-F hand structure.
Lipodystrophy in the Patient with HIV: Social, Psychological, and Treatment Considerations

Approximately 1.3 million people in the United States and an estimated 33.2 million worldwide are infected with HIV. In the past, HIV/AIDS was considered to be uniformly fatal. With the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV has become a chronic, manageable disease in countries that are able to provide this therapy. The preservation of lives has not been without complications. In these patients, metabolic and stereotypical body disfiguring fat changes have emerged and have been lumped under the term lipodystrophy. Lipoatrophy and fat accumulation are generally thought to be separate yet overlapping phenomena. The prevalence rates for lipoatrophy may be as high as 25% to 38%; estimates for fat accumulation vary widely (from 14%–63%). Far from being “purely cosmetic,” these fat changes can have a profoundly negative social and psychological impact, causing patients to feel disfigured, isolated, and stigmatized. Further, lipodystrophy may also negatively impact compliance with HAART. While there is evidence that the use of new HIV medications can prevent the development of these fat changes, many patients already manifest fat abnormalities; switching HAART, especially after lipodystrophy has progressed, offers only limited benefit. In addition, many resource-poor nations continue to rely on older HAART out of necessity. Because of this, methods are needed to address disfiguring body shape changes. The authors review the prevalence of lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy, focusing on the impact on patients as well as reviewing available treatment options.
An exact solution of the Navier-Stokes equation which describes non-orthogonal stagnation-point flow in two dimensions

A similarity solution is found which describes the flow impinging on a flat wall at an arbitrary angle of incidence. The technique is similar to a method used by Jeffery (1915) and discussed more recently by Peregrine (1981).
Large-Eddy Simulation With Zonal Near Wall Treatment of Flow and Heat Transfer in a Ribbed Duct for the Internal Cooling of Turbine Blades

Large eddy simulations of flow and heat transfer in a square ribbed duct with rib height to hydraulic diameter of 0.1 and 0.05 and rib pitch to rib height ratio of 10 and 20 are carried out with the near wall region being modeled with a zonal two layer model. A novel formulation is used for solving the turbulent boundary layer equation for the effective tangential velocity in a generalized co-ordinate system in the near wall zonal treatment. A methodology to model the heat transfer in the zonal near wall layer in the LES framework is presented. This general approach is explained for both Dirichlet and Neumann wall boundary conditions. Reynolds numbers of 20,000 and 60,000 are investigated. Predictions with wall modeled LES are compared with the hydrodynamic and heat transfer experimental data of Rau et al. [1], and Han et al. [2], and wall resolved LES data of Tafti [3]. Friction factor, heat transfer coefficient, mean flow as well as turbulent statistics match available data closely with very good accuracy. Wall modeled LES at high Reynolds numbers as presented in this paper reduces the overall computational complexity by factors of 60–140 compared to resolved LES, without any significant loss in accuracy.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Effect of dietary fat and omega-3 fatty acids on urinary eicosanoids and sex hormone concentrations in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled feeding trial

Substantial evidence relates increased sex hormone concentrations with increased breast cancer risk. Varying omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid (FA) intake may lead to alterations in eicosanoid balance and changes in circulating sex hormones that reduce risk. To clarify effects of dietary fat and n-3 FA intake on breast cancer risk markers, circulating sex hormones and urinary eicosanoids were measured in response to controlled feeding of diets designed to increase plasma concentrations of n-3 FA. A controlled cross-over feeding trial in postmenopausal women was conducted using 3 diets: high fat (HF; 40% energy from fat), low fat (LF; 20% energy from fat), and low fat plus n-3 FA (LFn3; 20% of energy from fat plus 3% of energy from n-3 FA) in 8-wk feeding periods. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid n-3 increased with the LFn3 relative to HF and LF (P < 0.0001). Plasma estradiol increased by 51% with HF (P = 0.03). Urinary prostaglandin E metabolite increased with HF relative to LF (P = 0.02) and urinary 11-dehydro-thromboxane B(2) increased with HF (P = 0.01). These results do not support a role of n-3 FA in the reduction of sex hormone levels.
Mutual regulation between deubiquitinase CYLD and retroviral oncoprotein Tax.

Background: Oncoprotein Tax, encoded by the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV1), persistently induces NF-B activation, which contributes to HTLV1-mediated T-cell transformation. Recent studies suggest that the signaling function of Tax requires its ubiquitination, although how the Tax ubiquitination is regulated remains unclear. Results: We show here that the deubiquitinase CYLD physically interacts with Tax and negatively regulates the ubiquitination of this viral protein. This function of CYLD is associated with inhibition of Tax-mediated activation of IKK although not that of Tak1. Interestingly, CYLD undergoes constitutive phosphorylation in HTLV1-transformed T cells, a mechanism known to inactivate the catalytic activity of CYLD. Consistently, a phospho-mimetic CYLD mutant fails to inhibit Tax ubiquitination. Conclusion: These findings suggest that CYLD negatively regulates the signaling function of Tax through inhibition of Tax ubiquitination. Conversely, induction of CYLD phosphorylation may serve as a mechanism by which HTLV1 overrides the inhibitory function of CYLD, leading to the persistent activation of NF-B.
Development of an automated steering vehicle based on roadway magnets-a case study of mechatronic system design

Automated steering control is a crucial element of vehicle automation. The California PATH Program at the University of California at Berkeley has developed one such system using magnetic markers embedded under the roadway for lateral guidance. This system was demonstrated during the August 1997 National Automated Highway System Consortium Feasibility Demonstration, San Diego, CA, without a single failure. Developing a successful demonstration system not only required theoretical understanding of the various control problems involved, but also strong appreciation of all practical issues. In the paper, the comprehensive process of developing such automated steering control system is described. This process consists of control objectives' determination, system structure definition, vehicle dynamics validation, lateral sensing system development, steering actuator design, test track installation, control algorithm development, software/hardware integration, and vehicle testing. The entire process also serves as a good case study for mechatronic system design integrating mechanical components, electronic devices, intelligence, and feedback control to perform vehicle automation functions.
Percutaneous closure of the aortic valve as a bridge to heart transplantation to treat severe aortic insufficiency after ventricular assist device.

Aortic insufficiency (AI) following rotary left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation is an increasingly common problem with inadequately defined treatment options. Percutaneous transcatheter (PTC) closure of the aortic valve (AV) has been described as a potential nonsurgical approach. Alternatively, we present a case of decompensated heart failure due to de novo severe AI following LVAD in which successful PTC closure of the AV resolved the severe AI and allowed for clinical recovery and stability for more than 10 months as a bridge to heart transplantation. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Webanywhere: enabling a screen reading interface for the web on any computer

People often use computers other than their own to access web content, but blind users are restricted to using computers equipped with expensive, special-purpose screen reading programs that they use to access the web. WebAnywhere is a web-based, self-voicing web application that enables blind web users to access the web from almost any computer that can produce sound without installing new software. WebAnywhere could serve as a convenient, low-cost solution for blind users on-the-go, for blind users unable to afford another screen reader and for web developers targeting accessible design. This paper describes the implementation of WebAnywhere, overviews an evaluation of it by blind web users, and summarizes a survey of public terminals that shows it can run on most public computers.
THE CONSTITUTION OF MITOCHONDRIA AND MICROSOMES, AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF NUCLEIC ACID IN THE CYTOPLASM OF A LEUKEMIC CELL

1. Rat tumor extracts, containing chiefly the cytoplasmic constituents of leukemic cells, were fractionated into three main portions, the different components separating in the centrifuge according to size. 2. Mitochondria were isolated by centrifugation at relatively low speed. Elementary composition of purified mitochondria was found to correspond to about 11.5 per cent nitrogen, 1.6 per cent phosphorus, and 27 per cent lipids. Phosphorus and nitrogen content of the lipid portion suggests that as much as 75 to 80 per cent of the lipids of mitochondria is represented by phospholipids. Tests for ribose nucleic acid were positive. 3. Microsomes were separated by means of centrifugation at 18,000 x g. A relation between the high phosphorus content of the microsomes and the marked basophilia of the cytoplasm of leukemic cells is suggested. 4. Phosphorus distribution in the tumor extract, and light absorption analysis of the third fraction, seem to demonstrate that nucleic acid was not present either in a free condition, or in the form of nucleoprotein of relatively low molecular weight. The nature of the results suggests that ribose nucleic acid occurs in the cytoplasm of leukemic cells only in association with formed elements of relatively large size, namely microsomes, and mitochondria.
An exploratory study of urban runoff toxicity

An exploratory study of urban runoff toxicity was undertaken at 14 urban sites, including two sites receiving runoff from major multi-lane divided highways (>100,000 vehicles·day−1). To assess various types of toxicity, a battery of tests was used including Daphnia magna , Microtox™, sub-mitochondrial particles, and the SOS Chromotest (for genotoxicity). The whole data set comprised almost 70 samples and 350 test results, which were reduced to toxicity point values using a toxicity scale. About two fifths of all data did not show any toxic responses, one fifth indicated severe toxicity, one fifth confirmed toxicity, and one fifth potential toxicity. When comparing urban stormwater toxicity to that of multi-lane divided highway (MLDH) runoff, the main difference was noted for the severe toxicity level; almost 20% of MLDH samples were severely toxic compared to 1% of urban stormwater samples. The MLDH data were obtained at the edge of the pavement, and although attenuation of runoff toxicity during transport can be expected, particularly in grassed swales, additional research is required.
Colocated General Medical Care and Preventable Hospital Admissions for Veterans With Serious Mental Illness

Objective:This study examined whether veterans with serious mental illness in mental health settings with colocated general medical care had fewer hospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions than veterans in other settings. Methods:Using 2007 data, the study examined hospitalizations for ambulatory care-sensitive conditions with zero-inflated negative binomial regression controlling for demographic, clinical, and facility characteristics. Results:Of 92,268 veterans with serious mental illness, 9,662 (10.5%) received care at ten sites with colocated care and 82,604 (89.5%) at 98 sites without it. At sites without colocation, 5.1% had a hospitalization for an ambulatory care-sensitive condition, compared with 4.3% at sites with colocation. Attendance at sites with colocated care was associated with an adjusted count of hospitalizations of .76 compared with attendance at sites with no colocation (β=–.28, 95% confidence interval=.47 to –.09, p=.004). Conclusions:Colocation of general medical ser...
Gate oxynitride grown in nitric oxide (NO)

Gate oxynitride was grown in NO for the first time. This approach can provide a tight N accumulation near the Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface. Much lower thermal budget is required for an NO process than an N/sub 2/O process to produce an oxynitride with useful properties. Submicron MOSFET's with NO oxynitride showed superior current drive characteristics and comparable hot carrier immunity to those with N/sub 2/O oxynitride. >
The Relations of Four Eleventh-Century Hungarian Kings with Rome in the Light of Papal Letters

In order to write about the relationship of four Hungarian kings with the Holy See during the eleventh century, one must first make acquaintance with the ecclesiastical policy of King Stephen I (ob. 1038), who established the political and religious unity of the country. One must also consider the relations with Rome and with the German court of Kings Andrew I (ob. 1060) and Solomon (1063–1074) in the 1050s through the early 1070s. Finally, it is important to point out that only Ladislas I, who reigned during the last quarter of the century and died in 1096, had shown a firm attitude toward Rome, though his policy went too far and, in the view expressed by Urban II to Coloman the Learned of Hungary (ob. 1116), led to a rapture of relations with the Holy See.
Retention and endurance characteristics of HCl-annealed and unannealed MNOS capacitors

Abstract MNOS capacitors (metal-nitrite-oxide-semiconductor) have been used to study the effects of memory oxide growth and post-oxidation annealing conditions on retention and endurance of MNOS devices. Results of this study indicate that write/erase cycling causes a decrease in memory window size after 10 5 cycles, a shift of the memory window center toward more positive values of threshold voltage, and an increase in surface state density for cycling above 10 6 cycles. The retention data presented indicates that the memory window decay rate for ±25 V writing pulses is only a function of the initial window size. The collapse of the memory window to zero volts is predicted to occur after 10 16 sec for native oxide devices and after 10 18 sec for thermal oxide devices. HCl annealing of the memory oxide does not have a significant effect on either endurance or retention.
Peace Dividends in a Trade-theoretic Model of Conict

We construct a trade-theoretic model for three open economies two of which are in conict with each other and the third is the source of foreign investments to the two warring countries. War eorts | which involve the use of soldiers | is determined endogenously. The purpose of war is the capture of land, but the costs are production sacriced, reduced ow of foreign investments, and general disruptions in the economy. We examine the eect of a bilateral piecemeal reduction in war eorts on the level of foreign investments and on welfare in the three countries. We
Studies on silicon and germanium quantum dots for applications in electroluminescent devices

Quantum dot systems are the subject of much interest because of their enhanced light-emitting properties that derive from quantum confinement effects.
Akysis longifilis, a new species of catfish (Teleostei: Akysidae) from Myanmar

Akysis longifilis, new species, is described from the Sittang River drainage in Myanmar. It is a member of the A. variegatus species group and can be distinguished from congeners in the group (except for A. brachybarbatus, A. fuliginatus, A. pictus, A. prashadi, A. variegatus, A. varius and A. vespa) in having a smooth (vs. serrated) posterior edge of the pectoral spine. It is distinguished from A. brachybarbatus, A. fuliginatus, A. pictus, A. prashadi, A. variegatus, A. varius and A. vespa in having a unique combination of: length of adipose-fin base 25.7 ‐31.1% SL, body depth at anus 9.7‐13.6% SL, caudal peduncle length 18.3‐23.2% SL, caudal peduncle depth 5.6‐7.2% SL, head width 21.1‐24.7% SL, nasal barbel length 67.4‐96.4% HL, maxillary barbel length 123.2‐159.6% HL, vertebrae 33‐35, body with light saddle-shaped spots, and caudal fin forked.
I"ve Got My Virtual Eye On You: Remote Proctors And Academic Integrity

This paper discusses the challenges of online teaching, the reasons students cheat and one means of curtailing that cheating in the online environment. The use of Securexam Remote Proctor System in one university application is reviewed.
Complete Proceedings - Single PDF Download

The Conference on Coastal Engineering at Long Beach was conceived originally as a local meeting of engineers and scientists interested in shoreline problems and was sponsored by the University of California. It early became evident that there was widespread interest in the subject and that the program should be planned on a more ambitious scale. The aim was to aid engineers by summarizing the present state of the art and science related to the design and planning of coastal works rather than to present a series of original scientific contributions. Starting from a rather comprehensive outline, invitations were issued to recognized authorities to report on specific phases of the subject, and the authors cooperated splendidly both in their treatment of the subjects assigned and in their avoidance of overlapping other subjects. Although much remains to be done in the way of developing reliable design methods, the series of papers presented at the conference and published in this volume do represent a rather thorough summary of coastal engineering as now practiced. Engineers engaged in the design of coastal works have had available to them a large number of papers dealing with various phases of the science related to their problems, but proper dealing with design were limited in number and scope. Only a few books on coastal engineering have been published. The quality and scope of the papers and the need for a comprehensive and modern treatment of the subject convinced the sponsors of the conference that publication in a single volume was desirable rather than piecemeal in the scientific and technical journals. The newly-formed Council on Wave Research secured funds to underwrite the publication costs from its parent organization, the Engineering Foundation. A word about the term "Coastal Engineering" is perhaps in order here. It is not a new or separate branch of engineering and there is no implication intended that a new breed of engineer, and a new society, is in the making. Coastal Engineering is primarily a branch of Civil Engineering which leans heavily on the sciences of oceanography, meteorology, fluid mechanics, electronics, structural mechanics, and others. However, it is also true that the design of coastal works does involve many criteria which are foreign to other phases of civil engineering and the novices in this field should proceed with caution. Along the coastlines of the world, numerous engineering works in various stages of disintegration testify to the futility and wastefulness of disregarding the tremendous destructive forces of the sea. Far worse than the destruction of insubstantial coastal works has been the damage to adjacent shorelines caused by structures planned in ignorance of, and occasionally in disregard of, the shoreline processes operative in the area. The Council on Wave Research takes this opportunity to thank the authors of the papers and the many others who assisted in organization of the conference and in the preparation of this volume for publication.
The Role of Norman Cousins and Track II Diplomacy in the Breakthrough to the 1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty

Recent scholarship has begun to shift our understanding of Cold War diplomacy, highlighting unofficial tracks and the role of public pressure groups. This article reinterprets the existing evidence and brings new documents and secret White House recordings to bear in order to explore the important but previously overlooked role that Norman Cousins, long-time editor of The Saturday Review of Literature, played in helping to move the 1963 Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty forward. In 1962–1963, Cousins twice served as John F. Kennedy's emissary to Nikita Khrushchev in the hopes of unblocking the stalled process. Although Cousins played only a small part in the larger effort, he intervened at a pivotal crossroads. His direct access to both Khrushchev and Kennedy allowed him to assuage Khrushchev's intransigence and inject fresh thinking into Kennedy's approach, ultimately cumulating in the U.S. president's now famous American University speech, which is regarded as the catalyst leading to the treaty's success.
Use of Rubidium to Label Corn Earworm and Fall Armyworm for Dispersal Studies

Three weekly applications of 5.0 kg of rubidium chloride (RbCl)/ha to corn plants beginning when the plants were at 1st tassel were superior to a single application of 10 kg/ha made when silks began to dry for labeling the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), with Rb. The Rb contents of larvae and moths from the former treatment did not overlap with those of insects from untreated plots. Fall armyworms, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), on corn were also labeled using the RbCl sprays. In a study on dispersal of corn earworm moths from a corn field labeled with Rb, male moths were collected in traps baited with virgin females in 4 cotton fields 0.5–2.8 km from the treated corn.
Automated Extraction of Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue for High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas Using the Roche Cobas 4800 System

Context.—Testing for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) is important for both prognostication and clinical management. Several testing platforms are available for HR-HPV; however, effective alternative automated approaches are needed. Objective.—To assess the performance of the automated Roche cobas 4800 HPV real-time polymerase chain reaction-based system on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded HNSCC specimens and compare results with standard methods of in situ hybridization (ISH) and p16 immunohistochemistry. Design.—Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples of HNSCC were collected from archival specimens in the Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston), and prepared using the automated system by deparaffinization and dehydration followed by tissue lysis. Samples were integrated into routine cervical cytology testing runs by cobas. Corresponding formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples were evaluated for HR-HPV by ISH and p16 ...
Level densities of Al 28 , Si 29 , and Ca 41 inferred from fluctuation measurements

Neutron total cross sections for $^{27}\mathrm{Al}$, $^{28}\mathrm{Si}$, and $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ have been measured with good statistics (\ensuremath{\sim}1%) and good energy resolution over the energy range 4\ensuremath{\le}${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{n}}$\ensuremath{\le}20 MeV. Two techniques have been used to infer the level density of the compound nuclei. The first is the conventional procedure of deducing an average level width and relating this to the level density. An alternative method is to deduce the level density from the magnitude of the variance of the cross section. A previous study of these two techniques suggested that the two yielded results which were not completely consistent. Our examination of the discrepancies indicates that they are reduced but not eliminated with better data. It seems likely that a part of the problem is the uncertainty in input parameters.
Presentational, Syntactic and Semantic Components of Interactive Dialogue Specifications

In designing tools for the development of interactive applications, one must deal with the problem of what form of specification should be used to describe the interaction. This paper will address this problem of selecting an appropriate form by defining and describing three kinds of information which must be supplied in defining an interactive dialogue. They are Presentational. Syntactic and Semantic. The presentational specification defines how the interaction is actually bound to the physical interactive resources. This includes logical to physical device bindings as well as allocation of screen space to viewports and selection of virtual devices to be used. The syntactic specification defines the time ordering of inputs so as to map a limited set of interactive resources to a much larger set of semantic actions. The semantic specification defines what the actual operations are that an interactive user can perform and how they are implemented.
The Effects of Orthophosphate and Ion Binders

The composition and amount of our daily diet along with intestinal absorption plays an important role in determining the composition of urine. The concentration of the major urinary ions is related, at least in part, to dietary intake1–3. With this in mind it is not surprising that compounds that complex normal dietary ions such as calcium, oxalate or phosphate within the intestinal tract and prevent their absorption have been used in the management of specific disorders complicated by the formation of urinary calculi. Shorr suggested the use of phosphate-binders in association with a low phosphate diet for the management of patients with phosphatic stones4. This program was suggested particularly for the control of struvite infection stones. Sodium phytate was used in conjunction with dietary calcium restriction for the management of idiopathic hypercalciuria by several groups5,6. Later, cellulose phosphate was suggested for the complexation of calcium although in the initial report it seemed to be most useful as adjunctive therapy to thiazide diuretics when suppressing hypercalciuria7. Since these early reports other compounds that can complex the important crystal ions within the intestinal tract have been suggested but characteristic of each has been their lack of specificity in terms of ion complexation resulting in multiple changes in the composition of the urine with both adverse and beneficial effects. As a result of these inter-related changes it is not sufficient to consider only the effect of these compounds on the specific ion of interest, i.e., calcium or oxalate. Instead, one must observe the effect on all of the major ions present in urine as well as the physical chemical factors including the state of supersaturation and inhibitors.
The He † Refutation Method

In order to generalize the results of the previous section to the first-order case, we will need the notion of unification modulo a set of equations, or E-unification. The concept of E-unification comes up naturally when we apply the Skolem-Herbrand-Godel theorem to a set of universal Horn clauses with equality, in order to reduce unsatisfiability in the first-order case to unsatisfiability in the ground case. Recall that this theorem states that a set of universal prenex sentences is unsatisfiable if and only if some set of ground substitution instances of the matrices of these sentences is unsatisfiable.
Diazepam Sensitivity and Intractable Seizures

The benzodiazepine sensitivity test, an intravenous bolus of diazepam (0.2 mg/kg) under EEG control, was used in 40 children with intractable seizure disorders treated in the Paediatric Neurology Service and the Dept Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh.
A Live-imaging, Heat Shock-inducible System to Measure Aux/IAA Degradation Rates in Planta

An emerging theme in biology is the importance of cellular signaling dynamics. In addition to monitoring changes in absolute abundance of signaling molecules, many signal transduction pathways are sensitive to changes in temporal properties of signaling components (Purvis and Lahav, 2013). The phytohormone auxin regulates myriad processes in plant development. Many of these require the nuclear auxin signaling pathway, in which degradation of the Aux/IAA repressor proteins allows for transcription of auxin-responsive genes (Korasick et al., 2015). Using a heterologous yeast system, we found that Aux/IAAs exhibit a range of auxin-induced degradation rates when co-expressed in isolation with F-box proteins (Havens et al., 2012). Subsequent studies connecting signaling dynamics to plant growth and development confirmed that Aux/IAAs show similar differences in plants (Guseman et al., 2015; Moss et al., 2015). Here, we describe in detail the use of a heat-shock-inducible fluorescence degradation system to capture Aux/IAA degradation in real time in live plant roots. By employing this method, we were able to obtain high Aux/IAA expression and avoid the dampening long term effects of turnover, feedback and silencing. Degradation was dependent on the presence of an Aux/IAA degron and rates increased in response to exogenous auxin.