cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Standardized methods for the production of high specific-activity zirconium-89

Abstract Zirconium-89 is an attractive metallo-radionuclide for use in immuno-PET due to favorable decay characteristics. Standardized methods for the routine production and isolation of high-purity and high-specific-activity 89 Zr using a small cyclotron are reported. Optimized cyclotron conditions reveal high average yields of 1.52±0.11 mCi/μA·h at a proton beam energy of 15 MeV and current of 15 μA using a solid, commercially available 89 Y-foil target (0.1 mm, 100% natural abundance). 89 Zr was isolated in high radionuclidic and radiochemical purity (>99.99%) as [ 89 Zr]Zr-oxalate by using a solid-phase hydroxamate resin with >99.5% recovery of the radioactivity. The effective specific-activity of 89 Zr was found to be in the range 5.28–13.43 mCi/μg (470–1195 Ci/mmol) of zirconium. New methods for the facile production of [ 89 Zr]Zr-chloride are reported. Radiolabeling studies using the trihydroxamate ligand desferrioxamine B (DFO) gave 100% radiochemical yields in 89 Zr]Zr-DFO is stable with respect to ligand dissociation in human serum for >7 days. Small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies have demonstrated that free 89 Zr(IV) ions administered as [ 89 Zr]Zr-chloride accumulate in the liver, whilst [ 89 Zr]Zr-DFO is excreted rapidly via the kidneys within 89 Zr-labeled monoclonal antibodies. The detailed methods described can be easily translated to other radiochemistry facilities and will facilitate the use of 89 Zr in both basic science and clinical investigations.
Bot detection evasion: a case study on local-host alert correlation bot detection methods

Botnets have continuously evolved since their inception as a malicious entity. Attackers come up with new botnet designs that exploit the weaknesses in existing defense mechanisms and continue to evade detection. It is necessary to analyze the weaknesses of existing defense mechanisms to find out the lacunae in them. This research exposes a weakness found in an existing bot detection method (BDM) by implementing a specialized P2P botnet model and carrying out experiments on it. Weaknesses that are found and validated can be used to predict the development path of botnets, and as a result, detection and mitigation measures can be implemented in a proactive fashion. The main contribution of this work is to demonstrate the exploitation pattern of an inherent weakness in local-host alert correlation (LHAC) based methods and to assert that current LHAC implementations could allow pockets of cooperative bots to hide in an enterprise size network. This work suggests that additional monitoring capabilities must be added to current LHAC-based methods in order for them to remain a viable bot detection mechanism. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self-deception as self-signalling: a model and experimental evidence.

Self-deception has long been the subject of speculation and controversy in psychology, evolutionary biology and philosophy. According to an influential ‘deflationary’ view, the concept is an over-interpretation of what is in reality an instance of motivationally biased judgement. The opposite view takes the interpersonal deception analogy seriously, and holds that some part of the self actively manipulates information so as to mislead the other part. Building on an earlier self-signalling model of Bodner and Prelec, we present a game-theoretic model of self-deception. We propose that two distinct mechanisms collaborate to produce overt expressions of belief: a mechanism responsible for action selection (including verbal statements) and an interpretive mechanism that draws inferences from actions and generates emotional responses consistent with the inferences. The model distinguishes between two modes of self-deception, depending on whether the self-deceived individual regards his own statements as fully credible. The paper concludes with a new experimental study showing that self-deceptive judgements can be reliably and repeatedly elicited with financial incentives in a categorization task, and that the degree of self-deception varies with incentives. The study also finds evidence of the two forms of self-deception. The psychological benefits of self-deception, as measured by confidence, peak at moderate levels.
Linear stability analysis of the figure-eight orbit in the three-body problem

We show that the well-known figure-eight orbit of the three-body problem is linearly stable. Building on the strong amount of symmetry present, the monodromy matrix for the figure-eight is factored so that its stability can be determined from the first twelfth of the orbit. Using a clever change of coordinates, the problem is then reduced to a 2×2 matrix whose entries depend on solutions of the associated linear differential system. These entries are estimated rigorously using only a few steps of a Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg algorithm. From this, we conclude that the characteristic multipliers are distinct and lie on the unit circle. The methods and results presented are applicable to a wide range of Hamiltonian systems containing symmetric periodic solutions.
Adhesive RFID Sensor Patch for Monitoring of Sweat Electrolytes

Wearable digital health devices are dominantly found in rigid form factors such as bracelets and pucks. An adhesive radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensor bandage (patch) is reported, which can be made completely intimate with human skin, a distinct advantage for chronological monitoring of biomarkers in sweat. In this demonstration, a commercial RFID chip is adapted with minimum components to allow potentiometric sensing of solutes in sweat, and surface temperature, as read by an Android smartphone app with 96% accuracy at 50 mM Na + (in vitro tests). All circuitry is solder-reflow integrated on a standard Cu/polyimide flexible-electronic layer including an antenna, but while also allowing electroplating for simple integration of exotic metals for sensing electrodes. Optional paper microfluidics wick sweat from a sweat porous adhesive allowing flow to the sensor, or the sensor can be directly contacted to the skin. The wearability of the patch has been demonstrated for up to seven days, and includes a protective textile which provides a feel and appearance similar to a standard Band-Aid. Applications include hydration monitoring, but the basic capability is extendable to other mM ionic solutes in sweat (Cl - , K + , Mg 2+ , NH 4 + , and Zn 2+ ). The design and fabrication of the patch are provided in full detail, as the basic components could be useful in the design of other wearable sensors.
Predicting the survival of burned patients using discriminant function analysis

Data from 291 burn patients treated at the burn centre of the University of Kansas Medical Center were analysed by discriminant function analysis. Age, sex, extent of burn and body weight were examined in an attempt to predict which patients could be expected to survive. Several sets of predictor variables, corresponding to varying states of knowledge about the patient, are presented. Comparisons with results from previous investigations are also included.
Does HAVA help the Have-Nots? US adoption of new election equipment, 1980-2008

During the tabulation of votes in the 2000 presidential election, the world was shocked at the technological inadequacy of electoral equipment in many parts of the US. In reaction to public dismay over “hanging chads”, Congress quickly enacted the Help America Vote Act (HAVA), legislation to fund the acquisition of advanced vote-counting technology. However, the intention was to enable, rather than mandate, choices of new electoral equipment. This paper takes advantage of a unique historical opportunity to test whether electoral equipment follows the pattern predicted by well-established models of innovation diffusion, merging electoral data with census data on socioeconomic characteristics. We infer that fiscal constraints to acquisition are strong but are not the only limitations to technology adoption, particularly within certain types of easily identifiable populations.
The Importance of Visualizing the Ureter before Performing a Pyeloplasty

AbstractRecords were reviewed of 100 patients who underwent an operation for ureteropelvic junction obstruction from 1978 to 1989:14 cases were bilateral and 17 were antenatally diagnosed. The ureter was opacified preoperatively in all but 1 patient: in 65 by retrograde pyelography, in 18 by antegrade pyelography, either through a nephrostomy tube with which the patient was referred or during a Whitaker test, in 9 by vesicoureteral reflux seen on voiding cystourethrography performed before an operation for ureteropelvic junction obstruction and in 7 by an excretory urogram. Of the 65 patients who underwent retrograde pyelography 29 had a discrete area of narrowing. However, 36 patients had something more, including a longer segment of narrowing (13), tortuosity of the upper ureter (8), more than 1 area of narrowing (11), high insertion of the ureter on the renal pelvis (3) and compression of the ureter by the lower pole of the kidney (1). In 10 patients referred for reoperation after failed pyeloplasty th...
Breaking the Gridlock in the Senate: A Proposal for a Bipartisan Filibuster Commission

Any resolution to fixing the filibuster must have bipartisan appeal, but in particular, it must somehow safeguard the interests of the minority party, which has the most to lose by giving up the right to use it. With this in mind, I propose a new Senate rule that would create a special bipartisan committee to reconcile filibustered legislation and make it appropriate for a majority vote in the Senate.
Insecticides for Control of the Lesser Peach Tree Borer, with Notes on the Peach Tree Borer

Seven insecticides were tested in randomized field plots for control of the lesser peach tree borer, Synanthedon pictipes (Grote & Robinson), from 1966 through 1968. Sprays of endosulfan gave a slightly higher degree of control each year than any of the other insecticides tested. Observations indicated that the lesser peach tree borer and the peach tree borer, Sannioidea exitiosa (Say), are adequately controlled with 4 applications per season of endosulfan applied to the tree trunks and lower limbs. Timing of sprays for the Piedmont and Tidewater areas of Virginia should be as follows (±5 days) : May 1, June 1, July 15, and August 15.
The effectiveness of ligating or detaching ceca as an alternative to cecectomy.

Abstract Cecectomy (the surgical removal of ceca) is a technique that has been used to explore the nutritional and osmoregulatory role of the ceca in domestic fowl and other birds. The operation imposes a high level of physiological stress on a bird. The current study describes the effectiveness of ligating or detaching the ceca in young turkeys as an alternative to complete removal of the organ. Birds with ligated ceca showed less postsurgical depression and initiated feeding and other normal activities sooner than birds with detached ceca. Birds with detached ceca also had a significantly slower rate of weight gain 1 wk after surgery. Both surgically treated groups were more depressed than were sham-operated turkeys. Post-mortem examinations revealed that cecal detachment was more successful in actually separating the ceca from the rectum and in preventing flow of digesta in and out of the ceca. Evidence of growth of cecal stumps that remained attached to the rectum was found following both ligation and detachment. Post-mortem examinations revealed that in four birds both ligated or detached ceca left in the abdominal cavity became enlarged and filled with a dark, pasty, odorous substance. This increase in cecal size and volume of contents with time apparently indicates that some microbial metabolic activity continued in the cecal lumen. If so, this might have negative implications for studies that assume that such ceca are no longer functional.
Diabetes Management Before and During Pregnancy: Preface

For many women, pregnancy is a time of heightened awareness about the importance of self-care. Women generally have a strong desire to do what is best for their growing baby and will often make positive choices towards healthy behaviors during what they know is a crucial time in their baby’s development. Smoking cessation is a great example of how powerful the “pregnancy motivating factor” can be. Women who have failed at attempts to quit smoking before pregnancy often are able to muster the ability to finally do it. There is no disputing that quitting smoking benefits both mother and child. Yet, surprisingly, evidence is not as robust for other aspects of self-care and prenatal care. For example, determining the optimal nutritional prescription for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) conventionally has involved limiting carbohydrate intake. Optimal carbohydrate intake during pregnancy is one of several important topics that are discussed in this Diabetes Spectrum From Research to Practice section, which provides an update …
MRI-based reference range for the renal pelvis anterior-posterior diameter in children ages 0-19 years.

Objective:To determine the mean and normal range of anteroposterior diameter (APD) of the renal pelves in children.Methods:Patients aged 0–19 years with normal spinal MRIs were identified after institutional review board approval. Those with dilating uropathy or abdominal surgery/radiation were excluded. The maximum APD was measured. A mixed linear model was fit to determine the relationship between APD and age, adjusted for bladder distention. The left and right kidneys were treated independently.Results:283 left and 285 right renal units were included. For the left, a 3.5% increase in APD per year was predicted (p < 0.0001), with the average APD for infants and 18-year olds with non-distended bladders being 2.5 mm (95th percentile: 7.2 mm) and 4.6 mm (13.4 mm), respectively. For the right, a 3.9% increase in APD per year was predicted (p < 0.0001), with the average APD for infants and 18-year olds with non-distended bladders being 2.8 mm (8.4 mm) and 5.5 mm (16.6 mm), respectively. Compared with a non-d...
Graphene‐sealed Si/SiN cavities for high‐resolution in situ electron microscopy of nano‐confined solutions

We demonstrate new liquid cell architectures utilizing graphene-sealed Si or SiN cavities for in situ electron microscopy. While previous graphene liquid cell techniques have shown graphene to be an ideal sealing layer and electron-transparent viewing window, they trap irregular geometries of liquid with unknown sample volumes. Our new technique allows for a leak-proof confinement of liquids of precise volume in the tens of attoliter range while maintaining the benefits of graphene as a viewing window. The utility of this new cell architecture is demonstrated by imaging the dynamics of gold nanoparticles in three dimensions with atomic resolution under a transmission electron microscope.
Pascal's Wager and the Long Conversation: Preserving the Scholarly Record in the Academic Library

ABSTRACT This essay explores ubiquity and transience in information resources, raising questions about the nature of a work and how researchers and librarians may need to adjust our assumptions about the nature of the scholarly record. In the academic library, keeping up with the accelerating pace of information production and the development of formats has become extremely difficult. While one of the long-assumed functions of libraries is to preserve the human record, the task has reached impossible proportions. Our current environment challenges our basic notions of what constitutes the human record. As information online moves into formats less fixed but more accessible, along with the format shifts have come significant changes in ownership and access models, forcing us to reconsider how we interact with information. Today's information ubiquity helps us see that we have created far more material documenting human experience than libraries have ever captured and preserved, and we may not have been pre...
Distribution of Hypercoagulation Laboratory Diagnoses among Patients with History of Thromboembolic Disease.

Abstract This abstract demonstrates the distribution of hypercoagulation diagnosis among patients with histories of thromboembolic disease (TED) among a group of patients detected at surgery prescreening clinic or through other referral sources. The consulting hematologists determined which laboratory tests were ordered; thus not all patients had all tests. This abstract describes the results of those clinical consultations. For this study the hospital's computer logs were probed for patients having had measurements of protein C and factor V Leiden from 11/7/01until 8/1/07. The laboratory records of identified patients were searched for additional hypercoagulation laboratory parameters. A total of 383 patients have been identified, among whom abnormal diagnostic results were found for 231. Genomic assays were performed often for the commonly found defects (i.e., factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210) and selectively for other situations, such 4G/5G for patients with elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and unresolved venous thrombus, or methylene tetrahydrofolate (MTH) reductace for unexplained elevation of homocysteine. The table demonstrate the distribution of these laboratory diagnoses. The risk of having TED associated with these results will be stratified to emphasize the increased risk associated with the more severe abnormalities of protein C, protein S, ATIII, PAI-1, and homocysteine. These results demonstrate that laboratory explanations for TED may be found in a large proportion of patients with TED, which thereafter can be used to design prophylactic programs for at risk patients upon entry to hospital, especially elective surgery. Hypercoagulation Parameters Patients Protein C* ( Protein S* ( AT III ( Homocysteine (>12 um/L) Lupus anticoagulant Anti-phospholipid syndrome** total n 350 358 244 252 166 234 abnormal n (%) 7(2) 64(18) 29 (12) 89(35) 18 (11) 41 (18) PAI-1 (>42) ng/ml) APC Resistance ( VIII:c & VIII:vW (>180%) Factor V Leiden Prothrombin 20210 MTH Folate Reductace 4G/5G 36 75 61 225 219 10 9 22 (61) 10 (13) 11 (18) 37 (16) 16 (7) 8 (80) 8 (90) * excludes patients taking warfarin; includes functional and antigen assays. ** combines anticardiolipin; anti-beta2, glycoprotein1; and anti-phosphotidyl -serine, -ethanolamine and -choline antibodies.
Large, Diverse Population Cohorts of hiPSCs and Derived Hepatocyte-like Cells Reveal Functional Genetic Variation at Blood Lipid-Associated Loci.

Summary Genome-wide association studies have struggled to identify functional genes and variants underlying complex phenotypes. We recruited a multi-ethnic cohort of healthy volunteers (n = 91) and used their tissue to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) for genome-wide mapping of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and allele-specific expression (ASE). We identified many eQTL genes (eGenes) not observed in the comparably sized Genotype-Tissue Expression project's human liver cohort (n = 96). Focusing on blood lipid-associated loci, we performed massively parallel reporter assays to screen candidate functional variants and used genome-edited stem cells, CRISPR interference, and mouse modeling to establish rs2277862- CPNE1 , rs10889356- DOCK7 , rs10889356- ANGPTL3 , and rs10872142- FRK as functional SNP-gene sets. We demonstrated HLC eGenes CPNE1 , VKORC1 , UBE2L3 , and ANGPTL3 and HLC ASE gene ACAA2 to be lipid-functional genes in mouse models. These findings endorse an iPSC-based experimental framework to discover functional variants and genes contributing to complex human traits.
A genomic assessment of species boundaries and hybridization in a group of highly polymorphic anoles (distichus species complex).

Delimiting young species is one of the great challenges of systematic biology, particularly when the species in question exhibit little morphological divergence. Anolis distichus, a trunk anole with more than a dozen subspecies that are defined primarily by dewlap color, may actually represent several independent evolutionary lineages. To test this, we utilized amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) genome scans and genetic clustering analyses in conjunction with a coalescent-based species delimitation method. We examined a geographically widespread set of samples and two heavily sampled hybrid zones. We find that genetic divergence is associated with a major biogeographic barrier, the Hispaniolan paleo-island boundary, but not with dewlap color. Additionally, we find support for hypotheses regarding colonization of two Hispaniolan satellite islands and the Bahamas from mainland Hispaniola. Our results show that A. distichus is composed of seven distinct evolutionary lineages still experiencing a limited degree of gene flow. We suggest that A. distichus merits taxonomic revision, but that dewlap color cannot be relied upon as the primary diagnostic character.
Talking with students about faith-based career anxiety:

For Christian college students, the journey toward vocation can be hindered by faith-based anxiety. The relationship between students and mentors in Christian higher education offers a unique, opti...
The Story in the Notebook: Exploratory Data Science using a Literate Programming Tool

Literate programming tools are used by millions of programmers today, and are intended to facilitate presenting data analyses in the form of a narrative. We interviewed 21 data scientists to study coding behaviors in a literate programming environment and how data scientists kept track of variants they explored. For participants who tried to keep a detailed history of their experimentation, both informal and formal versioning attempts led to problems, such as reduced notebook readability. During iteration, participants actively curated their notebooks into narratives, although primarily through cell structure rather than markdown explanations. Next, we surveyed 45 data scientists and asked them to envision how they might use their past history in an future version control system. Based on these results, we give design guidance for future literate programming tools, such as providing history search based on how programmers recall their explorations, through contextual details including images and parameters.
Decreasing Court Appearances of Juvenile Status Offenders

This study of first-time juvenile status offenders showed a significant decrease in court appearances of two groups who received special treatment compared to the control group. Treatment included ...
Early Identification and Connection to Services Among Urban Parents Who Have Low Income and Low-Literacy Skills:

Young children from parents with low income and low-literacy skills are often late in being diagnosed with developmental disabilities. To try to understand this phenomenon, we conducted six focus g...
Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Adjacent Segment Disease: An illustrative Case of The Lateral Transpsoas Approach (XLIF-DLIF)

Abstract Adjacent segment disease (ASD) is a known complication of lumbar spine arthrodesis and refers to any type of deterioration at the adjacent cephalad or caudad motion segment to a prior fusion. The existing literature points to a multifactorial etiology including alterations of the physiologic biomechanics after fusion as well as the intrinsic spondylosis present at the time of the index operation. Revision posterior laminectomy and fusion can be technically challenging and has a higher complication rate than primary decompression and fusion procedures. Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) along with posterior extension of fusion in a hybrid technique provides a less invasive option for the surgical treatment of ASD. Adjacent level stenosis is addressed via indirect decompression of the central canal and foramina. In addition, an assortment of cages provides relative correction of coronal and sagittal plane deformity. This manuscript discusses the role of LLIF for the treatment of ASD and two illustrative cases are presented.
Interaction Between Ischemic Time and Donor Age on Adult Heart Transplant Outcomes in the Modern Era.

Background We examined the effect of cold ischemic interval on modern outcomes to determine whether advances in patient management have made an impact. Methods Using the United Network of Organ Sharing database, we reviewed adult heart transplants between January 2000 and March 2016. We divided donor age into terciles: younger than 18 years, 18 to 33 years, and 34 years and older. Within each tercile, transplants were divided by cold ischemic interval of less than 4 hours, 4 to 6 hours, and more than 6 hours. Survival curves were compared between cold ischemic interval categories within each tercile. Covariate-adjusted and donor age-stratified Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate overall mortality and graft failure hazards ratios. Results Of 29,192 transplants, no significant differences between cold ischemic interval groups in survival or graft failure were apparent in the group aged younger than 18. For donors older than 18, significant differences were found for survival and graft failure with cold ischemic interval exceeding 4 hours in both univariate and multivariate analysis, and survival functions at different ischemic intervals continued to diverge beyond 1 year. The interaction effect between donor age and cold ischemic interval on overall mortality was not significant when analyzed as continuous variables, however younger donor age appeared to attenuate increase in overall mortality with longer cold ischemic intervals. Conclusions Despite advances in perioperative management during the past 30 years, for donors older than 18 years, cold ischemic interval exceeding 4 hours is associated with gradual but significantly diminished survival that persists well beyond the perioperative period. Comparison to historical data suggests that advances in management have somewhat attenuated the hazard associated with longer ischemic times.
Genome-resolved insights into a novel Spiroplasma symbiont of the Wheat Stem Sawfly ( Cephus cinctus) .

Arthropods often have obligate relationships with symbiotic microbes, and recent investigations have demonstrated that such host-microbe relationships could be exploited to suppress natural populations of vector carrying mosquitos. Strategies that target the interplay between agricultural pests and their symbionts could decrease the burden caused by agricultural pests; however, the lack of comprehensive genomic insights into naturally occurring microbial symbionts presents a significant bottleneck. Here we employed amplicon surveys, genome-resolved metagenomics, and scanning electron microscopy to investigate symbionts of the wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus), a major pest that causes an estimated $350 million dollars or more in wheat yield losses in the northwestern United States annually. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing of two major haplotypes and life stages of wheat stem sawfly, we show a novel Spiroplasma species is ever-present and predominant, with phylogenomic analyses placing it as a member of the ixodetis clade of mollicutes. Using state-of-the-art metagenomic assembly and binning strategies we were able to reconstruct a 714 Kb, 72.7%-complete Spiroplasma genome, which represents just the second draft genome from the ixodetis clade of mollicutes. Functional annotation of the Spiroplasma genome indicated carbohydrate-metabolism involved PTS-mediated import of glucose and fructose followed by glycolysis to lactate, acetate, and propionoate. The bacterium also encoded biosynthetic pathways for essential vitamins B2, B3, and B9. We identified putative Spiroplasma virulence genes: cardiolipin and chitinase. These results identify a previously undescribed symbiosis between wheat stem sawfly and a novel Spiroplasma sp., availing insight into their molecular relationship, and may yield new opportunities for microbially-mediated pest control strategies.
The art we wear

Abstract Since humans began wearing clothes, we have used them to portray characteristics about ourselves including ethnic origin, tribes, wealth, status, and religion. This paper discusses the intellectual property protection available for clothing designs in the United States, Europe, India, and China. It begins by discussing the history of fashion and fashion designing across the world during different eras. Next, the paper explains the early methods used to protect fashion designs as originators struggled to protect their creations in regimes that had not yet implemented sui generis protection for fashion designs. Some regimes, notably the United States, still do not offer sui generis protection for fashion designs and have greatly limited the industry's ability to self-regulate against copying. The paper also discusses and compares the current regime of fashion design protection in the United States, European Union, India, and China, including their strengths and deficiencies. Finally, the paper suggests a solution to the lack of protection in the United States that would treat fashion design piracy similarly to the treatment of counterfeit goods.
Complication rates of dilation and evacuation and labor induction in second-trimester abortion for fetal indications: A retrospective cohort study

Abstract Objective To compare complication rates of dilation and evacuation (D&E) to mifepristone and misoprostol labor induction for second trimester abortion for fetal indications. Study design We performed a retrospective cohort study comparing complication rates with D&E and labor induction abortion for fetal indications at 14 weeks 0 days through 23 weeks and 6 days gestation between January 1, 2009, and August 31, 2017. We extracted demographic, procedural, and outcome data, focusing specifically on complications of maternal hemorrhage, infection, emergency department visit, hospital readmission, retained tissue requiring dilation and curettage (D&C), manual placental removal, or thromboembolism. We compared complication rates between the D&E and induction groups using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results We included outcomes from 75 (48%) D&E and 81 (52%) labor induction abortions. We identified any complication in 1 (1%) and 7 (7%) of patients, respectively (p = 0.12). The only complication in the D&E group was hemorrhage with an estimated blood loss of 1000 mL not requiring transfusion. Labor induction complications included retained tissue requiring manual removal (n = 2) or D&C (n = 1) and hemorrhage (n = 2). Conclusion There was no difference in complication rates between the D&E group and the labor induction group. Implications This study compared outcomes between D&E and labor induction using mifepristone and misoprostol for second trimester abortion. Our complication rate for labor induction using mifepristone and misoprostol, and particularly our rate of retained placenta requiring D&C, was lower than what has been previously reported for second trimester labor induction termination using other methods. This study suggests there is a benefit for the routine use of mifepristone with misoprostol for second trimester labor induction. Additionally, the low rate of major complications in this study for both D&E and labor induction further validates the safety of both procedures for second trimester abortion.
The Relationship Between Macula Retinal Ganglion Cell Density and Visual Function in the Nonhuman Primate.

Purpose Loss of ganglion cell inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) and visual sensitivity in the macula region are known to occur at all stages of glaucoma. While both are dependent on the underlying retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the relationship between structure and function is modest. We hypothesize that the imprecise relationship is due to a lack of direct correspondence between in vivo measures and RGC counts, as well as the relatively large stimulus size used by standard perimetry, which exceeds spatial summation. Methods The relationship between optical coherence tomography (OCT)-derived GCIPL thickness and corresponding inner cell density from retinal flat mounts was determined for four nonhuman primates with varying stages of neuropathy. Normative data for 10-2 threshold using Goldman size I to V stimuli were established for 10 animals, 4 of which were then followed longitudinally with OCT and perimetry. The relationship between GCIPL volume, which incorporated stimulus size after removal of residual thickness, and differential light sensitivity was determined for both experimental glaucoma and healthy eyes. Results Peak inner retinal cell density was 63,052 ± 9238 cells/mm2 in the healthy eye. Cell density was related to both GCIPL thickness and eccentricity (R2 = 0.74, P < .01). For all 10-2 eccentricities, size III stimuli were greater than the critical area (P < 0.01). Based on the structural and histologic relationship, the critical area corresponds to approximately 156 RGCs. Conclusions The relationship between cell density and GCIPL thickness is dependent on retinal eccentricity. For 10-2 perimetry, perimetric loss, especially at earlier stages of neuropathy, may best be detected using size II or smaller stimuli.
Outcomes of allogeneic transplantation for hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome in Hong Kong.

Background Hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome (BHFS) was once considered a fatal condition universally. Medical advances over the past three decades have resulted in increasing numbers of BHFS survivors. This retrospective review summarized local territory-wide experience and outcomes of BHFS patients who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in Hong Kong. Methods All BHFS patients who underwent allogeneic HSCT in Hong Kong, either in one of the two former pediatric transplant centers (Queen Mary Hospital and Prince of Wales Hospital) on or before 2019 or in the single territory-wide pediatric transplant center (Hong Kong Children's Hospital) since 2019, from January 1, 1996, till December 31, 2020, were included. Basic demographic data, perinatal history, transplant details, long-term outcomes, and morbidities were reviewed. Results Total five allogeneic HSCT were performed in two males and three females at a median age of 22 months, which include one 8/8 matched-sibling bone marrow transplant, one 5/6 matched-sibling cord blood transplant with HLA-DR antigenic mismatch, two 12/12 matched-unrelated peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT), and one haploidentical PBSCT with TCRαβ/CD45RA depletion from maternal donor. Neutrophil and platelet engrafted (>20 × 109 /L) at a median of 15 and 22 days, respectively. All achieved near full donor chimerism at 1 month. All patients survived and remained transfusion-independent without significant morbidities with median follow-up duration of 10 years. Conclusion To conclude, local data demonstrated favorable outcome of allogeneic HSCT for BHFS patients, but sample number is small. Non-directive approach in counseling and international collaboration is recommended.
Predicted UV-C Sensitivity of Human and Non-human Vertebrate (+) ssRNA Viruses

Abstract Epidemic and pandemic infectious diseases caused by RNA viruses constitute a significant hazard to human and animal health. Disinfection is an essential aspect of infection prevention and control measures. In this study, we estimated UV-C sensitivity of 83 human and veterinary pathogenic (+) ssRNA viruses by developed pyrimidine dinucleotide frequency-based genomic model. The data showed that the avian infectious bronchitis virus (genus: γ-coronavirus) with an estimated D90 value of 17.8 J/m2 was highly UV sensitive, whereas Salivirus NG-J1 (genus: salivirus) with a D90 value of 346.4 J/m2 was highly UV resistant. Overall, the trend of UV-C sensitivity of (+) ssRNA virus families followed as Coronaviridae
Sex Differences in Extinction Recall in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Pilot FMRI Study

Recent research has found that individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit an impaired memory of fear extinction compounded by deficient functional activation of key nodes of the fear network including the amygdala, hippocampus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC). Research has shown these regions are sexually dimorphic and activate differentially in healthy men and women during fear learning tasks. To explore biological markers of sex differences following exposure to psychological trauma, we used a fear learning and extinction paradigm together with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and skin conductance response (SCR) to assess 31 individuals with PTSD (18 women; 13 men) and 25 matched trauma-exposed healthy control subjects (13 women; 12 men). Whereas no sex differences appeared within the trauma-exposed healthy control group, both psychophysiological and neural activation patterns within the PTSD group indicated deficient recall of extinction memory among men and not among women. Men with PTSD exhibited increased activation in the left rostral dACC during extinction recall compared with women with PTSD. These findings highlight the importance of tracking sex differences in fear extinction when characterizing the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of PTSD psychopathology.
In Defense of Anthropology: An Investigation of the Critique of Anthropology

This book argues that the history and character of modern anthropology has been egregiously distorted to the detriment of this intellectual pursuit and academic discipline. The "critique of anthropology" is a product of the momentous and tormented events of the 1960s when students and some of their elders cried, "Trust no one over thirty!" The Marxist, postmodern, and postcolonial waves that followed took aim at anthropology and the result has been a serious loss of confidence; both the reputation and the practice of anthropology has suffered greatly. The time has come to move past this damaging discourse. Herbert S. Lewis chronicles these developments, and subjects the "critique" to a long overdue interrogation based on wide-ranging knowledge of the field and its history, as well as the application of common sense. The book questions discourses about anthropology and colonialism, anthropologists and history, the problem of "exoticizing 'the Other, '" anthropologists and the Cold War, and more. Written by a master of the profession, In Defense of Anthropology will require consideration by all anthropologists, historians, sociologists of science, and cultural theorists.
Selling Tobacco to Minors: Can Merchants Accurately Determine a Customer's Age?

Abstract The present study investigated whether clerks in retail establishments that sell tobacco products can accurately estimate the age of a minor. Two Caucasian females, aged 16-years-old, participated as Field Agents in the present study. One Field Agent entered 49 retail establishments and the other Field Agent entered a different group of 51 retail establishments to conduct a tobacco compliance check. Later in the same day, each Field Agent entered the retail establishments that they had not previously sampled, and asked the clerk to estimate their age. Thirty-four percent of clerks rated the Field Agent as 18 years of age or older. This finding indicates that merchants are not accurate in assessing whether customers who are minors are of legal age to purchase tobacco.
Mode-Coupled MHD Waves in the Corona and Solar Wind

The purpose of this paper is to outline a model of mode-coupled MHD compressional waves in the corona and solar wind. The eventual aim of this work is to be able to compute how MHD waves propagate through the corona and into the solar wind beginning with a source of Alfven or fast mode waves at the base of the corona. The necessity for consideration of mode coupling arises because of typical scalelengths in the corona. For wave sources, such as supergranulation, with wave periods of about a day, the different modes do no propagate independently, as in the WKB approximation, but are coupled because the ratio of wavelength to scalelength is of the order of one or greater.
La Guajira en el siglo XIX - indígenas, contrabando y carbón

Pretende situar el desarrollo econA³mico de la regiA³n. Teniendo la perspectiva que la Guajira en el siglo XIX fue una regiA³n donde se pueden ver con claridad las relaciones casi siempre conflictivas entre el gobierno central y los grupos regionales. Destaca entre otros temas el problema de los indA­genas guajiros, la bAosqueda de artA­culos para la exportaciA³n y el intento de explotar el carbA³n del CerrejA³n. Por otra parte, se identifican algunos hechos como la escasez de agua, particularmente, en la regiA³n norte del RA­o RancherA­a que limita cualquier intento de desarrollo agrA­cola, la Guajira Norte con la hostilidad de los indA­genas, la presencia casi permanente de extranjeros, en su mayorA­a ingleses y holandeses quienes venA­an a comprar los productos de la Guajira y a vender artA­culos de contrabando. Relacionado con la presencia de extranjeros estAi tambiA©n la penetraciA³n venezolana que con orA­genes en la colonia, cobrarA­a importancia durante el siglo XIX.
SYNTHESIS OF SNOWMELT RUNOFF HYDROGRAPHS

A generalized procedure is suggested for synthesis of snowmelt runoff hydrographs, exclusive of the effects of incident rainfall, for use in regions with limited hydrologic data. This procedure, referred to as the Dimensionless Snowmelt Hydrograph (DSH), incorporates a hydrograph profile for at least one runoff event directly in the methodology. Basic data requirements include mean daily temperature and streamflow along with representative water equivalent values for the drainage basin. Examples of applications to several Sierra Nevada drainage basins are analyzed and limitations of the procedure considered.
On CFAR detection of correlated radar signals

Two constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detectors are proposed for time-diversity and multiple-target situations. The first CFAR detector considered is the generalized censored mean level detector (GCMLD), which has been shown to exhibit excellent capabilities in rejecting interfering targets in homogeneous background noise for single pulse processing. The effect of correlation on the performance of a centralized GCMLD is studied. To minimize the effect of correlation among the received pulses, a distributed GCMLD with data fusion is proposed. The individual detectors are optimized, and two intelligent fusion rules are considered. >
Formulas of Ramanujan for the power series coefficients of certain quotients of Eisenstein series

In their last published paper [9], [16, pp. 310–321], G. H. Hardy and S. Ramanujan derived infinite series representations for the coefficients of certain modular forms of negative weight which are not analytic in the upper half-plane. In particular, they examined in detail the coefficients of the reciprocal of the Eisenstein series E6(τ). While confined to the sanitarium, Matlock House, in 1918, Ramanujan wrote several letters to Hardy about the coefficients in the power series expansions of certain quotients of Eisenstein series. These letters are photocopied in [18, pp. 97–126], and printed versions with commentary can be found in [6, pp. 175–191]. In these letters, Ramanujan recorded formulas for the coefficients of several quotients of Eisenstein series not examined by Hardy and him in [9]. These claims fall into two related classes. In the first class are formulas for coefficients that arise from the main theorem of Hardy and Ramanujan, or a slight modification of it, and these results have been proved in a paper by Berndt and Bialek [5]. Those in the second class, which we prove in this paper, are much harder to prove. To establish the first main result, we need an extension of Hardy and Ramanujan’s theorem due to H. Petersson [11]. To prove the second primary result, we need to first extend work of H. Poincare [14], Petersson [11], [12], [13], and J. Lehner [10] to cover double poles. In all cases, the formulas have a completely different shape from those arising from modular forms analytic in the upper half-plane, such as the famous infinite series for the partition function p(n) arising from the reciprocal of the Dedekind eta-function. As we shall see in the sequel, the series examined in this paper are very rapidly convergent, even more so than those arising from modular forms analytic in the upper half-plane, so that truncating a series, even with a small number of terms, provides a remarkable approximation. Using Mathematica, we calculated several coefficients and series approximations for the two primary functions 1/B(q) and 1/B(q) (defined below) examined by Ramanujan. As will be seen from the first table, the coefficient of q in 1/B(q), for example, has 17 digits, while just two terms of Ramanujan’s infinite series representation calculate this coefficient with
Aminoguanidine Has Both Pro-oxidant and Antioxidant Activity Toward LDL

We previously demonstrated that aminoguanidine (AMGN) was able to prevent oxidative modification of LDL. Initially, we thought that this occurred solely because AMGN trapped reactive breakdown products of lipid peroxidation and prevented apoB modification, similar to AMGN's proposed ability to trap reactive glucose intermediates and prevent advanced glycosylation end-product formation. We now demonstrate that AMGN also displays dose-dependent pro-oxidant and antioxidant activity toward LDL. Moderate doses of AMGN (0.05 to 1.0 mmol/L) prevented lipid peroxidation in LDL exposed to copper. AMGN prevented the loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids and delayed or prevented conjugated-diene formation, both of which are sensitive indicators of lipid peroxidation. The same doses of AMGN also prevented apoB modification, a step distal to lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by the ability to (1) prevent fluorescence at 420 nm, (2) block enhanced electrophoretic mobility, and (3) prevent changes leading to enhanced macrophage uptake. Thus, AMGN inhibits LDL modification both by inhibiting lipid peroxidation as well as by trapping reactive breakdown products of lipid peroxidation. It was also demonstrated that for every LDL, there was also a very low dose of AMGN (about 0.01 mmol/L) that actually promoted lipid oxidation and subsequent protein modification. This activity of AMGN could be enhanced by increasing the content of lipid hydroperoxide in the LDL, eg, by aging or radioiodinating the LDL. Conversely, the pro-oxidant activity could be reduced by pretreatment of LDL with ebselen or vitamin E. We propose a mechanism by which AMGN effects pro-oxidant activity toward LDL at very low concentrations and antioxidant activity at higher concentrations and discuss the practical implications of these observations.
Effects of combinations of methylxanthines and adenosine analogs on locomotor activity in control and chronic caffeine-treated mice

Chronic caffeine ingestion (CCI) by male NIH Swiss strain mice results in a prolonged reduction in locomotor activity and alterations in response to caffeine, other xanthines, and adenosine analogs. Caffeine, the A1 selective 8-cyclopentyltheophylline (CPT), and the A2-selective 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX) remain stimulatory and the bell-shaped locomotor dose-response curves are left-shifted after CCI. The depressant effects of methylxanthines that are potent phosphodiesterase inhibitors remain after CCI. After CCI, mice became more sensitive to depressant effects of A1, mixed A1/A2, and A2 agonists. In the presence of caffeine the A1-selective agonist N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), the mixed A1/A2 agonist 5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine and the A2-selective agonist 2-[(2-aminoethylamino)-carbonylethylphenylethylamino]-5′-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (APEC) all have dose-response curves, appearing to consist of initial depressant effects, then stimulatory effects, and finally pronounced depressant effects. The phasic character is reduced or absent after CCI. Synergistic depressant effects of combinations of CHA and APEC also appear reduced after CCI. © 1993 wiley-Liss, Inc.