cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sector Choice: Its Role in Explaining Contracting Performance

Voluminous literature examines contracting out or “outsourcing” by government agencies for the delivery of services. Despite the great interest in contracting, the research literature remains sparse for one level of government: the states. In addition, although theoretical inquiry has described the presumed effects of government contracting with organizations from the different sectors - for-profit, nonprofit, and public - little empirical work has been undertaken in this area. The present inquiry addresses these lacunae. First, based on surveys conducted in 1998, 2004, and 2008 in the American State Administrators Project, the article examines trends in contracting by state agencies and the extent and consequences for service delivery at the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century. Second, the article presents and tests a model of contracted service delivery and explores the effects of sector of vendor on the results obtained by state government agencies with respect to service cost and quality. Findings show that state agencies that contract with organizations from multiple sectors are more likely to achieve desired results from contracting, and that contracting exclusively with private sector firms is least likely to yield those results.
Evidence for endothelial cell origin of vinyl chloride-induced hepatic angiosarcoma

Abstract Previous reports of hepatic angiosarcoma have not clearly defined the cellular type from which this tumor arises, as evidenced by the terminology of endothelioma, Kupffer cell sarcoma, endothelial cell sarcoma, and hemangioendothelial sarcoma, etc., which have been used interchangeably. In addition, there has been no consensus on the separate entity of Kupffer and sinusoidal endothelial cells. In the work presented here, evidence for the endothelial cell origin of this tumor is provided by the demonstration of factor VIII, a known endothelial cell marker, in the tumor cells. Fluorescence due to the presence of factor VIII appeared intense in the tumor sinusoidal cells of all four vinyl chloride-associated angiosarcomas studied, whereas normal liver sinusoidal lining cells showed negligible fluorescence.
A knowledge-based system of high speed machining for the manufacturing of products

High speed machining (HSM) can contribute greatly in the manufacturing of products. With high speed machining, complex contour surfaces can be machined so accurately that little or no finishing operation is necessary. High speed machining offers a practical way to minimize cutting force and therefore minimize workpiece deflection. Commercial considerations are also driving industry toward higher rates of productivity by using high speed machining. A knowledge-based system, FASTCUT, has been developed to obtain technical information about high speed machining. This knowledge-based system offers specific knowledge of various aspects about high speed machining, such as machining parameters, cutting tool materials, stability analysis during high speed machining, etc. It can calculate cutting parameters, evaluate machining performance, and select cutting tool materials for different combinations of cutting speeds and workpiece materials for high speed machining. It also provides insight into stability analysis during high speed machining for the manufacturing of products. A hierarchical structure has been established for the knowledge base. This system also offers graphics display for visualization of high speed machining concepts. FASTCUT also offers the shortest paths for all the questions so that users can get the information about high speed machining very quickly. Backward chaining is used in the inference engine in FASTCUT. In simple words, FASTCUT is very beneficial for high speed machining for products.
Evolution of 1996–1999 La Niña and El Niño conditions off the western coast of South America: A remote sensing perspective

We present the evolution of oceanographic conditions off the western coast of South America between 1996 and 1999, including the cold periods of 1996 and 1998??9 and the 1997??8 El Nino, using satellite observations of sea level, winds, sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll concentration. Following a period of cold SST and low sea levels in 1996, both were anomalously high between March 1997 and May 1998.
Immunologlobulin lambda chain structure: two genes, one polypeptide chain.

The lambda chain seems to be encoded by two separate germ-line genes (a specificity region gene and a common region gene) which are expressed as a single, continuous polypeptide chain. Antibody light chains appear to be an exception to the rule of “one gene, one polypeptide chain”.
Direct molecule-specific glucose detection by Raman spectroscopy based on photonic crystal fiber.

This paper reports the first step toward the development of a glucose biosensor based on Raman spectroscopy and a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) probe. Historically, it has been very challenging to detect glucose directly by Raman spectroscopy due to its inherently small Raman scattering cross-section. In this work, we report the first quantitative glucose Raman detection in the physiological concentration range (0–25 mM) with a low laser power (2 mW), a short integration time (30 s), and an extremely small sampling volume (∼50 nL) using the highly sensitive liquid-filled PCF probe. As a proof of concept, we also demonstrate the molecular specificity of this technique in the presence of a competing sugar, such as fructose. High sensitivity, flexibility, reproducibility, low cost, small sampling volume, and in situ remote sensing capability make PCF a very powerful platform for potential glucose detection based on Raman spectroscopy.
MEASUREMENT OF ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION AND EJECTION TIME BY THE VIBROCARDIOGRAM.

Measurement of isometric contraction and ejection time by vibrocardiogram of anesthetized dog
Terrestrial organic carbon contributions to sediments on the Washington margin

Elemental and stable carbon isotopic compositions and biomarker concentrations were determined in sediments from the Columbia River basin and the Washington margin in order to evaluate geochemical approaches for quantifying terrestrial organic matter in marine sediments. The biomarkers include: an homologous series of long-chain n-alkanes derived from the surface waxes of higher plants; phenolic and hydroxyalkanoic compounds produced by CuO oxidation of two major vascular plant biopolymers, lignin and cutin. All marine sediments, including samples collected from the most remote sites in Cascadia Basin, showed organic geochemical evidence for the presence of terrestrial organic carbon. Using endmember values for the various biomarkers determined empirically by two independent means, we estimate that the terrestrial contribution to the Washington margin is ~ 60% for shelf sediments, ~ 30% for slope sediments, and decreases further to ≤15% in basin sediments. Results from the same geochemical measurements made with depth in gravity core 6705-7 from Cascadia Seachannel suggest that our approach to assess terrestrial organic carbon contributions to contemporary deposits on the Washington margin can be applied to the study of sediments depositing in this region since the last glacial period.
Adrenergic control mechanism for vasopressin-induced plasma growth hormone response

Abstract The effect of alpha adrenergic blockade with phentolamine on vasopressin-induced growth hormone elevations was tested in ten female volunteers. Only half of the subjects exhibited a plasma HGH rise following vasopressin administration. In the subjects who showed a plasma HGH response to vasopressin (“responders”), alpha adrenergic blockade inhibited the growth hormone response to approximately one-third of the response in the same subject without adrenergic blockade. This effect of adrenergic blockade could not be attributed to differences in blood glucose or plasma FFA. It is concluded that the stimulation of growth hormone secretion by vasopressin is mediated at least in part through catecholamines.
Additive progression in prehistoric mathematics: A conjecture

Abstract This paper presents intriguing archaeological evidence that the practical properties of additive progression were recognized in the eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1200 b.c. ). The evidence is in the form of a set of stone balance weights excavated in the 1960s from a small cargo ship that sank off the coast of southern Turkey. It is argued that a Fibonacci-like series of integers is represented in the masses of these prehistoric items, and it is demonstrated that the manner in which the balance weights were manufactured was simple, precise, and logical.
Large-scale decelerator flight tests simulating a Mars environment.

Large scale parachute tests of aerodynamic decelerator systems at 132,000 ft simulating conditions of Mars atmosphere at 15,000 ft
MIT 12 tesla test coil experiment

A 1 m diameter test coil consisting of three 39 m lengths of Internally Cooled Cabled Superconductor (ICCS), wound in the form of three double pancakes, has been installed in the 9 T background field High Field Test Facility (HFTF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The ICCS conductor is a 486 strand bronze matrix Nb 3 Sn cable, encapsulated in a squared-off JBK-75 tube with a 32% helium space. The paper describes major test coil characteristics, method of fabrication and test objectives. Tests will be performed during September-October 1984.
Blackbody-pumped CO 2 lasers using Gaussian and waveguide cavities

ABSTRACTAlarge-scale pulsed-laser system with hated tantalum foils as the blackbody pumping source was builtin the laboratory. A deeper understanding of the effects of pumping configurations and laser modes on theblackbody pumped CO2 laser has been achieved through parametric studies using this system. Theoreticalanalysis and experimental investigation show the feasibility of a slab pumping scheme which may be appliedto large scale transverse flow laser systems. The use of an 8mm tube with waveguide quality enabled one to generate both gaussian and waveguide modes in the same structure with different optics setups. The experiment demonstrates that high waveguide cavity losses can be prevented with large bore structure (> 4mm) and theadvantage of better filling of the laser gain region by waveguide modes is clearly observed. The size scalingstudies also indicate that there are similarity relations ofthe optimum laser parameters between different sizesof tube in optically pumped gas lasers.1. INTRODUCTION
Narratives of Socialization: Perceptions of Parental Influence After Childhood Divorce

Despite substantial research on the consequences of parental divorce, no studies have investigated offspring discourse about parents’ influences. This study draws on a sample of university students and uses a grounded theory approach to identify four types of socialization narratives. These narratives include (a) fear of unintentional modeling, (b) absence of effective modeling, (c) determination to avoid parental mistakes, and (d) fear of self- or partner change. For the first three types, young adults link perceptions of relationship socialization to a specific parental trait or relationship pattern. The fourth type reflects generalized conclusions about human change over the life course.
The Multifunctional Protein YdiV Represses P Fimbria-Mediated Adherence in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli

ABSTRACT YdiV, a degenerate EAL domain protein, represses motility by interacting with FlhD to abolish FlhDC interaction with DNA. Here, we demonstrate that deletion of ydiV dysregulates coordinate control of motility and adherence by increasing adherence of Escherichia coli CFT073 to a bladder epithelial cell line by specifically increasing production of P fimbriae. Interestingly, only one of the two P fimbrial operons, pap_2 , present in the genome of E. coli CFT073 was upregulated. This derepression of the pap_2 operon is abolished following deletion of either cya or crp , demonstrating cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent activation of the P fimbrial operon. However, the absence of YdiV does not affect the gene expression of cya and crp , and loss of SdiA in the ydiV mutant does not affect the derepression of the pap_2 operon, suggesting that YdiV control of adherence acts in response to cAMP levels. Deletion of ydiV increases motility by increasing expression of fliA , suggesting that in E. coli CFT073, YdiV regulates motility by the same mechanism as that described previously for commensal E. coli strains. Furthermore, analysis of site-directed mutations found two putative Mg 2+ -binding residues of four conserved YdiV residues (E29 and Q219) that were involved in regulation of motility and FliC production, while two conserved c-di-GMP-binding residues (D156 and D165) only affected motility. None of the four conserved YdiV residues appeared to affect regulation of adherence. Therefore, we propose a model in which a degenerate EAL, YdiV, utilizes different domains to regulate motility through interaction with FlhD and adherence to epithelial cells through cAMP-dependent effects on the pap_2 promoter.
The ontogeny of multiple hemoglobins in Chironomus thummi (Diptera): The effects of a compound with juvenile hormone activity

Abstract The multiple hemoglobins (Hbs) of Chironomus thummi show distinct and significant ontogenetic changes during development from the third instar through the fourth instar and metamorphosis into the pupa. A total of nine Hbs are resolved by 12.7% acrylamide gel electrophoresis (pH 8.65). Hbs 2 and 3, which are stage specific for the fourth instar, are first detected on the fourth day of this stage by electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation. Hb 4 is the predominant Hb species in the early and middle fourth instar, but during the late fourth instar and prepupa, Hb 1 predominates. The concentrations of Hbs 5–9 remain relatively constant in middle instars and decrease during later development. The Hb content of larval hemolymph exhibits changes that coincide with developmental stages; molting is characterized by low Hb content, whereas, the hemolymph of intermolt animals contains relatively high levels of Hbs. Treatment of fourth instars with a juvenile hormone analog, Altosid, prolongs this stage and inhibits the progress of normal development resulting in the formation of larval-pupal intermediates. Altosid also appears specifically to inhibit the accumulation of soluble hemolymph proteins related to pupation and metamorphosis, without affecting the concentration of Hb. Most significantly, it induces the precocious appearance of Hbs 2 and 3, which remain elevated above control levels in the late larval and prepupal stages. The present results strongly suggest that Altosid stimulates the appearance and accumulation of larval-specific proteins in vivo , while it inhibits the appearance of pupation-related proteins.
Transition to ELM-free improved H-mode by lithium deposition on NSTX graphite divertor surfaces

Lithium evaporated onto plasma facing components in the NSTX lower divertor has made dramatic improvements in discharge performance. As lithium accumulated, plasmas previously exhibiting robust Type 1 ELMs gradually transformed into discharges with intermittent ELMs and finally into continuously evolving ELM-free discharges. During this sequence, other discharge parameters changed in a complicated manner. As the ELMs disappeared, energy confinement improved and remarkable changes in edge and scrape-off layer plasma properties were observed. These results demonstrate that active modification of plasma surface interactions can preempt large ELMs.
Personal need for structure, the Einstellung task, and the effects of stress

Abstract We examine the relationship between the personality variable of Personal Need for Structure (PNS) and problem solving on the Einstellung water-jar task. The Einstellung task was administered under stressful and nonstressful conditions. Results from 172 participants showed the predicted interaction between PNS and experimentally-induced stress: Participants higher in PNS were more likely to develop a mental set under stressful conditions, while no significant relationship was found between PNS and set development under nonstressful conditions. PNS was not related to perseveration on the Einstellung task, regardless of experimental condition. These findings are consistent with recent research on the importance of contextual activation of personality.
Exploring the Relationship Between Dialect and Spelling for Specific Vocalic Features in Appalachian First-Grade Children

Abstract This study explored the relationship between dialect and spelling for specific vocalic elements in single-syllable words among Appalachian dialect-speaking first-grade children. Participants' spellings and pronunciations of 28 single-syllable words representing seven vowel categories were compared over an 8-months period of time. Spellings were analyzed to observe change in spelling development over time, and pronunciations were analyzed to observe changes in pronunciations over time. Results show that certain vowel categories (and specific target words) appeared to be more susceptible to changes in pronunciation than other vowel categories (and specific other target words). Results also show that some participants' pronunciations of specific target words changed over time as participants grew in spelling knowledge.
Repression of Permethrin Resistance by Chlordimeform in the Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

In a previous study, tobacco budworm, Helios this viruses (F.), larvae were selected with a permethrin-chlordimeform mixture (1:1 wt/wt) at the LED80 By the F2 generation, the degree of resistance to the mixture was scarcely different from levels established in the F1 generation. To confirm the presence of the gene(s) responsible for resistance the permethrin-chlordimeform strain was then divided into two groups: the first received permethrin-chlordimeform selection pressure, whereas the second group received only permethrin pressure. This permethrin pressure produced a 6-fold increase in resistance levels in the latter group in seven additional generations. This study proved the gene(s) for resistance in the permethrin-chlordimeform strain were present, and the use of a permethrin-chlordimeform mixture may block resistance development.
Isolation and characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene for the 54 kDa subunit of the signal recognition particle

The first step in the routing of newly synthesized proteins into the secretory pathway is the binding of the nascent signal sequence to the signal recognition particle. The mammalian signal recognition particle is a complex consisting of 6 proteins and a single 7S RNA molecule. Signal recognition particle-like complexes have been described from wheat and maize but none of the protein components have yet been described from any plant species. Here we report the cloning and characterization of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding the 54 kDa protein subunit of the signal recognition particle. This is the first report of a SRP-54 sequence for any plant species and the first genomic sequence for any multicellular organism.
A Prospective Longitudinal Study of Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome

ABSTRACT Objective The goals of this study were to estimate the frequency of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (TS), tics, and other behavioral disorders among children at risk for TS and to examine the association of family functioning with children's diagnostic status and social-emotional functioning. Method A prospective longitudinal design was used. Young children who were not displaying any tic behaviors but who had a first-degree relative with TS were recruited. Children's diagnostic status, social-emotional functioning, and family functioning were assessed with the Schedule for Tourette and Other Behavioral Syndromes, Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, Child Behavior Checklist, the Harter Self Perception Profile, and Family Environment Scale. Results Increased rates of tic disorders, obsessional and anxiety symptoms, and attentional and speech difficulties were observed. Family functioning, independent of parental psychopathology, was associated with attention-deficit and anxiety disorders, decreased adaptive and increased maladaptive behaviors, and lower self-esteem but not tic spectrum or learning disorders. Conclusions The observed rates of tic disorders add support for an autosomal dominant mode of transmission. Family functioning appears to play an important role in non-tic disorders as well as adaptive and maladaptive behaviors. Family, cognitive-behavioral, and interpersonal therapies should be considered to address the social-emotional difficulties that often accompany TS.
President’s Column: Choosing Our Future

John Dewey (1931) once wrote, "Our idea compels us . . . to seek for freedom in something which comes to be, in a certain kind of growth; in consequences, rather than in antecedents. We are free not because of what we statically are, but in as far as we are becoming different from what we have been (p. 291). He believed, as well, that freedom involves the capacity to look at things as if they could be otherwise. And it seems to me that, at this difficult point in our educational history, we need to achieve our freedom once again, to regain our power to choose. Now it is clear that our choices will be intelligent and consequential to the extent that we understand the conditions under which they arise. The conditions now existing, where education and educational research are concerned, have changed markedly since the Federal government first began to play a major role-less than two decades ago. Yet, as we work to maintain some vestige of Federal support for what we do, we are prone to look toward antecedents, to treat the events of the present moment as an aberration and those of the 1960s as the
Erythrocyte metabolism and function: Hexokinase inhibition by 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and interaction with ATP and Mg2+

Abstract Recent findings have suggested an important role for variation in levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and ATP in the regulation of oxygen transport by the human erythrocyte, and in making homeostatic adjustments to hypoxia. For this reason, the erythrocytic glycolytic mechanisms which control or bring about changes in levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and ATP are of vital importance in understanding respiratory homeostasis. Hexokinase is the first step in glycolysis, and available evidence suggests that it is an important rate-limiting step in the erythrocyte. In this paper we have examined a possible mechanism for feedback control of glycolysis through 2,3-diphosphoglycerate inhibition of hexokinase activity. We have found that 2,3-diphosphoglycerate does inhibit hexokinase and have shown that the inhibition is relieved by increasing concentrations of ATP and Mg2+. It is our conclusion that inhibition of erythrocyte hexokinase by 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, with modulation by ATP and/or Mg2+, is well suited for feedback control of glycolysis, and hence for the control of levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and ATP, which in turn regulate hemoglobin function.
Some Current Publications

APHRA BEHN Wilkerson, Virginia L. “Behn’s Th e Widow Ranter.” Th e Explicator 66.2 (2008): 73-75. Wilkerson notes that Behn’s choice of the title for her play is surprising, given that “the character of Ranter is almost a distraction from the story line” rather than its central fi gure, but she suggests that “Behn employs Ranter to illustrate the advantage gained by taking the wearing of men’s clothing to another level of representation, and thus she deemed her character important enough for the tragicomedy’s title to carry her name.”
Adsorption and abstraction of oxygen atoms on Pd(1 1 1): Characterization of the precursor to PdO formation

Abstract We investigated the adsorption and abstraction of atomic oxygen on Pd(1 1 1) using oxygen atom beams in ultrahigh vacuum. Similar to results obtained with other oxidants, we find that oxygen atoms first populate a chemisorbed layer up to 0.25 ML (monolayer) at a surface temperature of 500 K, followed by formation of an ordered two-dimensional (2D) oxide. Decomposition of the 2D oxide produces a desorption peak at about 700 K in O 2 TPD spectra. A distinct desorption feature at 620 K then grows with increasing coverage from 0.7 to 1.2 ML, but diminishes above 1.2 ML as a sharp desorption peak due to PdO decomposition intensifies at higher temperature. We attribute the TPD peak at 620 K to a precursor state to PdO formation corresponding to oxygen atoms adsorbed on top of the 2D oxide. Direct rate measurements of 18 O abstraction from Pd(1 1 1) by an 16 O atom beam show that the abstraction of 18 O atoms chemisorbed on the metal surface and in the precursor state occurs with relative ease compared with oxygen abstraction from the 2D oxide and PdO. We find that the abstraction of 18 O atoms chemisorbed on the metal surface is insensitive to the surface temperature, whereas the rate of 18 O abstraction from the precursor state increases with increasing surface temperature from about 300–550 K. We show that this temperature dependence is well described by a kinetic model which assumes that thermally activated interchange of 18 O atoms between the 2D oxide and the precursor state occurs during the abstraction experiments by a mechanism analogous to surface diffusion by concerted substitution. From analysis of the abstraction rate data, we predict an activation energy of 15.2 kJ/mol for atomic oxygen exchange between the precursor state and the 2D oxide.
Solid Dosage Form Analysis by near Infrared Spectroscopy: Comparison of Reflectance and Transmittance Measurements Including the Determination of Effective Sample Mass

Investigations into the near infrared analysis of intact tablets allow comparison of the reflectance and transmittance methodologies. The studies involved estimation of the effective sample mass and the effect of sample inhomogeneities. An empirical method for determining effective sample mass used tablets of varying thickness and constant compression force. Tablets containing a range of cimetidine concentrations were used to study the effect of drug concentration on effective sample mass as a function of wavelength of observation. Effective sampling depth was between 1.9 and 2.7 mm for reflectance measurements. With transmittance measurements, signal was completely attenuated when tablet thickness was greater than 3.4–4.9 mm, depending on the wavelength of observation. Multi-layered tablets provided a means of probing the effect of sample inhomogeneity. Both reflectance and transmittance measurements may be sensitive to sample inhomogeneity. Transmittance measurements are sensitive to pathlength variations.
Chemical characterization of high molecular weight dissolved organic matter in fresh and marine waters

Abstract The high molecular weight fraction of dissolved organic matter in a suite of lakes, rivers, seawater, and marine sediment interstitial water samples was collected by ultrafiltration and characterized by molecular level and spectroscopic techniques. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of all samples show a high degree of similarity, with major contributions from carbohydrates, bound acetate, and lipids. Molecular level analyses of neutral sugars show seven monosaccharides, rhamnose, fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, glucose, and galactose, to be abundant, and to occur in comparable relative amounts in each sample. Previous studies have emphasized the distinctive composition of dissolved humic substances in fresh and marine waters, and have attributed these differences to sources and transformations of organic matter unique to each environment. In contrast we find a large fraction of freshwater high molecular weight dissolved organic matter (HMWDOM; > 1kD) to be indistinguishable from marine HMWDOM in bulk and molecular-level chemical properties. Aquatic HMWDOM is similar in chemical composition to biologically derived acylated heteropolysaccharides isolated from marine algal cultures, suggesting a biological source for some fraction of persistent HMWDOM. High molecular weight DOC contributes 51 ± 26% of the total DOC, and monosaccharides 18 ± 8% of the total HMWDOC in our freshwater samples. These contributions are on average higher and more variable, but not significantly different than for surface seawater (30% and 16% respectively). Biogeochemical processes that produce, accumulate, and recycle DOM may therefore share important similarities and be broadly comparable across a range of environmental settings.
Clinical and Ultrastructural Study of Painful Neuroma

A clinical and light and electron microscopic study of three cases of painful neuroma, surgically resected, was made. It was found (a) that painful neuromas contain large numbers of small diameter, unmyelinated fibers, in an apparently much larger proportion than myelinated fibers and (b) that a consistent, unrestrained growth of perineurial cells parallels the constant regeneration of axis cylinders. This results in the unabated formation of large numbers of "nerve minifascicles" growing in a chaotic fashion. Degeneration of axis cylinders and/or of myelin is minimal. It is suggested that the increased numbers of unmyelinated axis cylinders in traumatic neuromas could be related to the painful symptoms in some patients. It is further postulated that the unrestricted growth of perineurial cells is an attempt to contain the regeneration of axis cylinders and that the maintenance of perineurial integrity by fascicle ligation is important in the relief of painful human neuromas.
Synthesis of UV-absorbing and fluorescent carrier ampholyte mixtures and their application for the determination of the operational pH values of buffering membranes used in isoelectric trapping separations.

Success in isoelectric trapping separations critically depends on the knowledge of the accurate operational pH value of the buffering membranes used. Currently, due to a lack of easy, rapid, accurate methods that can be used for the post-synthesis determination of the operational pH value of a buffering membrane, only nominal pH values calculated from the amounts of the reagents used in the synthesis of the membranes and their acid–base dissociation constants are available. To rectify this problem, UV-absorbing and fluorescent carrier ampholyte mixtures were prepared by alkylating pentaethylenehexamine with a chromophore and a fluorophore, followed by Michael addition of acrylic acid and itaconic acid to the resulting oligoamine. Carrier ampholyte mixtures, with evenly distributed absorbance values across the 3 < pI < 10 range, were prepared by blending. The master blend served as the feed mixture in binary isoelectric trapping separations that used the buffering membrane to be characterized. The pI value of the most basic UV-absorbing or fluorescent carrier ampholyte collected in the anodic separation compartment, determined by full-column imaging capillary isoelectric focusing analysis, indicates the operational pH value of the separation membrane.
Truncated TrkB mediates the endocytosis and release of BDNF and neurotrophin-4/5 by rat astrocytes and Schwann cells in vitro

Binding and cross-linking studies with radiolabeled neurotrophins demonstrate that cultured rat hippocampal astrocytes lack full-length TrkB, but do express high levels of truncated TrkB (tTrkB). In astrocytes and Schwann cells, tTrkB appears to have the novel function of mediating the endocytosis of neurotrophins into an acid-stable, Triton X-100 resistant intracellular pool that is released back into the medium in a temperature-dependent manner. Chloroquine treatment, trichloroacetic acid solubility, and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis revealed that when incubated with astrocytes or Schwann cells for at least 48 h neither the intracellular nor the released neurotrophins were significantly degraded. The endocytosis and release of neurotrophins may represent a novel mechanism whereby neuroglia can regulate the local concentration of these neurotrophic factors for extended periods of time.
Social skills training for chronic psychiatric patients: rationale, research findings, and future directions.

Abstract In 1969 Gordon Paul stated that “the ‘hard core’ refractory group of chronic mental patients is clearly one of the most difficult problems facing the mental health field today.” 1 Although some progress has been achieved in this area since then, 2–7 this same hard-core group of patients (most of whom bear schizophrenic diagnoses) remains a persistent challenge to mental health practitioners. A variety of pharmacologic, socioenvironmental, and behavioral approaches (primarily the token economy) have been applied to this group of chronic psychiatric patients. We will very briefly examine the major contributions and limitations of each approach.
Development of an automated cylindrical ion trap mass spectrometer for the determination of atmospheric volatile organic compounds.

Volatile organic compounds released from the biosphere are known to have a large impact on atmospheric chemistry. Field instruments for the detection of these trace gases are often limited by the lack of instrument portability and the inability to distinguish compounds of interest from background or other interfering compounds. We have developed an automated sampling and preconcentration system, coupled to a lightweight, low-power cylindrical ion trap mass spectrometer. The instrument was evaluated by measuring isoprene concentrations during a field campaign at the University of Michigan Biological Station PROPHET lab. Isoprene was preconcentrated by sampling directly into a short capillary column precooled without the aid of cryogens. The capillary column was then rapidly heated by moving the column to a preheated region to obtain fast separation of isoprene from other components, followed by detection with a cylindrical ion trap. This combination yielded a detection limit of ∼80 ppt (parts per trillion)...
Resin hemoperfusion in the treatment of drug intoxication. 1970.

Guest Editor's Introduction: The effective adsorption of substances by activated charcoal is depressed when such substances are bound to plasma proteins. To remove plasma-bound substances from blood, synthetic resins were evaluated. This paper is the first report regarding the uncharged resin adsorbent and describes effectiveness in the removal of protein-bound substances. Encouraged by the report, more effective anion resins have been developed by Asahi Medical Co. and Kuraray Co. and used for the treatment of fulminant hepatitis and postoperative hepatitis. This paper was printed in Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. vol 16, page 134–140 (1970) and reprinted here with permission.
Pressure dependence of the 4T2 and 4T1 absorption bands of ruby to 35 GPa

The pressure dependence of the $^{4}$${\mathit{A}}_{2}$${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{4}$${\mathit{T}}_{2}$ and $^{4}$${\mathit{A}}_{2}$${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{4}$${\mathit{T}}_{1}$ absorption bands of ruby have been studied to 35 GPa using a luminescence excitation technique developed for use at high pressure in the diamond anvil cell. The quasihydrostatic (Ar medium) pressure dependence of the zero-phonon lines, the crystal-field splitting parameter (\ensuremath{\Delta}), and the Racah parameters B and C are determined. A significantly smaller variation of \ensuremath{\Delta} is found for nonhydrostatic stress conditions for a ruby powder compact, and the implications of this on the pressure calibrations, lifetime measurements, and excitation of the R lines at high pressure are discussed.
Nest site limitation and facultative polygyny in the ant Leptothorax longispinosus

The ant L. longispinosus displays geographic variation in its pattern of facultative polygyny (Fig. 2). In nature, nest density and frequency of multiple queening are positively associated over three sites. A putative causal relation between availability of vacant nest sites and polygyny was examined in New York, where a plot was seeded with additional nest sites and monitored for 24 months. Both queen number and worker number per nest on the experimental plot were reduced relative to controls (Fig. 4, Fig. 5), indicating that scarcity of available nest sites influences the pattern of polygyny in this species. The observed demographic changes resulted from fractionation of existing colonies; adding nest sites induced polydomy. Although numbers of adult ants changed with addition of nest sites, the numbers of immatures were no different after 2 years (Table 1), suggesting that the population was undergoing growth to expand into the additional sites. These results are the first direct experimental evidence linking polygyny to an ecological parameter for any ant species.
Inductive specification and axonal orientation of spinal neurons mediated by divergent bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways

Background Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)7 evokes both inductive and axon orienting responses in dorsal interneurons (dI neurons) in the developing spinal cord. These events occur sequentially during the development of spinal neurons but in these and other cell types such inductive and acute chemotactic responses occur concurrently, highlighting the requirement for divergent intracellular signaling. Both type I and type II BMP receptor subtypes have been implicated selectively in orienting responses but it remains unclear how, in a given cell, divergence occurs. We have examined the mechanisms by which disparate BMP7 activities are generated in dorsal spinal neurons.
Relationships between sensory processing style, adult attachment, and coping

Abstract Relationships between the four categories of sensory processing style (sensitivity, seeking, avoidance, and low registration), adult romantic attachment style, and coping style were examined. The following self-report measures were given to 133 participants: the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, the COPE scale, and the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale. Results indicate that sensory sensitivity relates to relationship anxiety (r = .212, p
ESD protection for the tolerant I/O circuits using PESD implantation

Abstract In this paper, we propose an electrostatic discharge (ESD) solution with cascode structure for deep-submicron integrated circuits technology to enhance its ESD robustness. Using the added boron implantation (we call “PESD” implantation here) at the drain side of the stacked n-type metal-oxide semiconductor (NMOS), the long-base parasitic NPN (i.e., emitter, base and collector in the bipolar transistor are n-type, p-type, and n-type, respectively) bipolar transistor in the cascode NMOS structure can be easily triggered by the Zener breakdown mechanism at the drain side under ESD stress conditions. Based on UMC 0.25 μm process, this method provides a significant improvement in the cascode ESD performance.
Hemolysis Is Strongly Associated with Mortality in LVAD Patients

Purpose Hemolysis is increasingly recognized as a major complication of LVAD support. Data regarding risk factors, prevalence, and outcomes are limited. To better define the characteristics and prognosis of hemolysis, we present a retrospective comparison to a non-hemolyzing control cohort. Methods and Materials A detailed chart review was performed of HMII patients diagnosed with hemolysis, defined as severe anemia (Hgb Results From March 2010 – May 2012, 18/100 HMII patients were diagnosed with hemolysis. Hemolyzers were younger, had significantly higher LDH and bilirubin, lower INR (but above the accepted cutoff of 1.5), and no difference in TTE velocities. Hemolyzers had a marked decrease in 1-year survival (89% vs. 31.9%, p figure 1 ] Conclusions Our findings demonstrate hemolysis is associated with high mortality. Elevated LDH and bilirubin are strong markers for hemolysis, and lower INR may predispose for this worrisome condition. Diagnosis should prompt clinicians to consider pump exchange/explant, listing for transplantation, or intensifying anticoagulation. Hemolyzers vs. Non-Hemolyzers Hemolyzers (n=18) Non-Hemolyzers (n=82) p-value Age 54.0 59.0 0.029 Male 13 67 0.35 Smoker 12 38 0.19 CAD 7 37 0.79 DM 7 43 0.44 LDH 2550 381 INR 1.6 2.0 T. Bilirubin (mg/dL) 2.1 0.6 TTE Inflow Vel. (m/s) 0.7 0.7 0.90 TTE Outflow Vel. (m/s) 1.0 1.0 0.75
Activation of nitrogen implants in 6H-SiC

We have studied the effect of anneal time and temperature on activation of high-dose nitrogen implants into 6H-SiC. At a fixed anneal temperature, a strong dependence on anneal time is seen. For short anneals, the resistivity initially decreases with anneal time. After a minimum resistivity is reached, resistivity increases with further anneal. The optimum anneal time for minimum resistiv-ity increases as anneal temperature is reduced. Successful activation has been achieved at temperatures as low as 900°C.
Survival after Retirement

A study of survival rates after retirement was conducted for a large corporation in the petroleum industry. A regression analysis was performed to control for age, sex, job status, and type of work differences that may influence longevity. Examination of the residuals showed a bimodal distribution: one group died (on the average) six and a half years after retirement, while the second group survived (on the average) nineteen years. Implications for health care management are discussed.
The effect of vanadate on human kidney potassium dependent phosphatase.

This study examined the effects of vanadate on the potassium dependent phosphatase activity present in purified human kidney microsomal (Na++K+)-adenosine triphosphatase. Vanadate anion inhibited the K+-dependent phosphatase at a KI of 35 nM. This inhibition, was noncompetitive with the substrate, p-nitrophenylphosphate. The inhibition by vanadate at 1 mM K+ was only 45% of the inhibition that was observed at 10 mM K+. Neither preincubation of the enzyme with vanadate, nor changing the pH of the assay from 8.2 to 7.2 had any effect on the KI for vanadate. The inclusion of 2.5 mM isoproterenol, to complex the yanadate, reversed the inhibition, as did diluting the enzymatic reaction. Vanadate also inhibited the overall (Na++K+)-ATPase reaction at a KI of 1.91 μM. This inhibition was also reversible upon inclusion of isoproterenol in the assay. Increasing the level of magnesium from 6 mM to 30 mM lowered the KI of vanadate to 0.25 μM. The possible role of vanadate as a physiological mediator of (Na++K+)-ATPase activity is discussed.
CD8 T cells and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Tuberculosis is primarily a respiratory disease that is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. M. tuberculosis can persist and replicate in macrophages in vivo, usually in organized cellular structures called granulomas. There is substantial evidence for the importance of CD4 T cells in control of tuberculosis, but the evidence for a requirement for CD8 T cells in this infection has not been proven in humans. However, animal model data support a non-redundant role for CD8 T cells in control of M. tuberculosis infection. In humans, infection with this pathogen leads to generation of specific CD8 T cell responses. These responses include classical (MHC Class I restricted) and non-classical CD8 T cells. Here, we discuss the potential roles of CD8 T cells in defense against tuberculosis, and our current understanding of the wide range of CD8 T cell types seen in M. tuberculosis infection.
Extended lower lid blepharoplasty for eyelid and midface rejuvenation.

UNLABELLED Many techniques have been described for lower eyelid surgery, and the evolution of these procedures has seen significant advances, from simple skin excision to fat preservation and repositioning. Lower lid blepharoplasty can address lid-cheek junction and tear-trough deformities, which cause significant aesthetic concerns for patients, giving the appearance of fatigue and sadness. However, there is potential for serious functional and aesthetic complications, including dry eyes, scleral show, and ectropion. In addition, many surgeons perceive a steep learning curve and difficulty of reliably obtaining excellent cosmetic results. However, the authors have found that an extended lower blepharoplasty can significantly improve eyelid and midface contour, creating substantial aesthetic improvements without visible scars or an operated appearance. In this article, the authors review the relevant pathoanatomical causes of periorbital contour deformities and the evolution and history of lower eyelid surgery, and present the results of their extended blepharoplasty technique in over 300 patients. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic, V.
An Unethical Ethics Code.

That professional sociologists are in the throes of moral and intellectual an guish over ethics issues is propitious, as the turmoil accompanies deep uncer tainties over the entire scientific enterprise. The forces of deconstructionism and the more radical versions of social constructionism sanction, unwittingly, a moral relativism about what can be known and what is worth knowing. Some political positions on how to research the disenfranchised have brought agoniz ing reappraisal among some fieldworkers of how best to tap subjective states (and even who can legitimately try to tap them). The recent public revelations about radiation experiments of the 1940s and 1950s, some carried out without any sort of consent, have rendered many sensibilities aghast (though the mass of unconsented research projects, both in and out of sociology, far outweighs the radiation researches). And, more proximately, cases directly involving sociolo gists (especially those of Mario Brajuha at SUNY-Stony Brook and Richard Scarce at Washington State) have led many?especially fieldworkers?to wonder about the moral and legal status of ethical precepts. The Brajuha and Scarce cases also brought into sharp relief the substantial difference between the ethical claims of ASA and the actual demands of fieldwork. Indeed, my arguments here stem from the fact that official claims of profes sional prerogative are sometimes at sharp variance with the practicalities of research. This gap creates considerable moral and practical ambiguity about how best to protect subjects and advance knowledge while acknowledging some allegiance (albeit often grudgingly) to the larger social good. Sometimes researchers' "rights" coincide with the public interest, sometimes they don't; but whichever is the case we need to think through more carefully what, exactly, we mean by "public interest" and "professional right." In what follows I develop this theme and explore some of the uncertainties and para doxes involved in simultaneously affirming value commitments to the research subject, the professional interest group, the larger society, and, last but not least, self-interest. I believe we need to admit more publicly than we have that
Individual differences in secondary task performance

The purpose of this research was to use secondary task performance as a predictor of performance on a difficult primary task. Reaction time (RT) to secondary probes that occurred during the rehearsal period of an easy memory task were used to measure spare capacity associated with the memory task. This measure was then correlated with performance on a harder version of the same memory task. Experiments 1-4 involved a paired associate memory task. Probe RT was sensitive to the difficulty of the paired associate task, and analysis of individual differences showed that probe RT during the easy version of the task was correlated with performance on a harder version of the task. Experiment 4 also utilized a spatial memory task. Probe RT was less sensitive to the demands of the spatial memory task, and in that case, the "easy-to-hard" prediction was not successful.