cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case 98: A Case of Wegener Granulomatosis

A 38-year-old female, BMI 50 kg/m2, 4′11″, ASA 2, was scheduled for a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Her past history was significant for Wegener granulomatosis and asthma. The former was treated 2 years prior with prednisone, azathioprine, and antibiotics. At that time her spirometry showed a mild flattening of the inspiratory limb of her flow-volume curve. Since her asthma was successfully treated with albuterol and mometasone furoate inhalers, no further pulmonary investigations were carried out. A chest x-ray done 1 week prior to the surgery was normal.
Cognitive factors predict medication adherence and asthma control in urban adolescents with asthma.

Purpose Adolescents with asthma often report poor medication adherence and asthma control. Cognitive factors embedded in the social cognitive theory including self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and barrier perceptions may explain poor asthma outcomes in this population. This study was performed to examine the extent to which these cognitive factors are intercorrelated and explain medication adherence and asthma control in urban adolescents. Patients and methods A total of 373 urban adolescents (12-20 years) with asthma completed questionnaires measuring asthma-related self-efficacy, outcome expectations, barrier perceptions, medication adherence, and asthma control. Multiple linear regression was conducted to examine the extent to which the three cognitive factors predicted medication adherence and asthma control after controlling for covariates including age, sex, household income, and age at diagnosis. Results Participants' ages were on average 14.68 (±1.94) years; 50% were female, and most (78.6%) were African American. Higher self-efficacy associated with lower barrier perceptions and higher outcome expectations (r=0.50, p<0.001; r=-0.26, p<0.001, respectively). Self-efficacy predicted better asthma control (B=-0.098, p=0.004) and adherence (B=0.426, p=0.011), whereas barrier perceptions predicted poorer asthma control (B=0.13, p<0.001) and adherence (B=-0.568, p<0.001). Self-efficacy independently predicted fewer missed doses (B=-0.621, p=0.006), and barrier perception independently predicted asthma control (B=0.12, p<0.001) and adherence (B=-0.519, p<0.001). Conclusion Improving medication adherence and asthma control among adolescents may require a multifaceted approach. Interventions focused on increasing self-efficacy and addressing barriers, actual or potential, to medication adherence could ameliorate asthma disparities in urban adolescents.
Mobile Medical and Healthcare Applications

The invention of high data connectivity on mobile devices has opened the doors of innovative applications in healthcare and medical technologies. The current generations of smart phones are considered as handheld computers rather than as phones. Smart phones have advantages like continuous uninterrupted data stream, powerful computing power, portability, large memories, wide screens, capability to support multimedia application software compared to other wireless communication technology. This technology is being widely used in health care industry known as m-health. Mobile applications can lower costs and improve the quality of healthcare as well as help in prevention, all of which can improve health outcomes over the long term. This chapter provides a brief overview of various mobile applications in healthcare domain. We will discuss what is mobile health, how can we achieve it. We will discuss different smart phone applications in the market today and how are they affecting the global world. This paper covers applications targeting patients and healthcare providers.
Short Normal Children in Therapeutic Trial of Human Growth Hormone Responsiveness

This project was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of human growth hormone (hGH) in children with short stature who are growing at subnormal rates. Although it has previously been believed that such patients do not respond to hGH therapy, more recent data suggest that this might not be correct.
Sensitive interval property for scales as words in the free group F2

The sensitive interval property is a special feature of musical scales that generalize the diatonic Ionian (major) and Aeolian (minor) modes: specifically, ascending authentic Ionian and descending plagal Aeolian. This discussion is situated in a music-theoretic interpretation of algebraic combinatorics on words over two-letter alphabets. The present paper provides an introduction to this approach, but relies on results from a number of recent papers in this area. While previous studies have restricted attention to the free monoid of words on two letters, the present one extends consideration to F2, the free group with two generators. This permits treatment of ascending and descending modal varieties of musical scales, together with rising or falling circle-of-fifths presentations (or their generalizations), within a unified mathematical framework. The special property investigated herein positions the diatonic major third (and its generalizations) as of structural significance within the theory.
Invasion of Foreign Territory by Armed Bands

Intermediate between the organization of hostile military expeditions and the encouragement of private revolutionary activities is the ever-recurring problem of invasion of a foreign state by armed bands formed within the jurisdiction of a friendly nation.1 While the activities of armed bands may sometime be difficult to separate from those which fall into the categories of revolutionary activities, and the recruiting and departure of volunteers previously discussed, cases will be seen which do not exactly fit into any of these categories, thus requiring a separate treatment. One thing, however, appears fairly clear, namely, that armed bands differ substantially from hostile military expeditions in that there is in the former no formal organization, nor do they exhibit a strictly military character. There is the further distinction that the operation of armed bands does not require the existence of a state of war nor of an internal strife in the foreign state. They usually operate in time of peace and their activities may range from sporadic raids over frontiers by small groups of individuals to more dangerous threats to the political independence and territorial integrity of a foreign state. This partial catalogue of the activities in which armed bands may be engaged clearly indicates their specific character and the confusion which may result in treating them either as a revolutionary activity or merely as some kind of aggression.2
Transient characteristics of dense gas dispersion. Part II:: Numerical experiments on dense cloud physics

Abstract A depth-integrated quasi-three-dimensional numerical model (DENS20) is used to calculate the transient behavior of heavy and cold gas clouds. Numerical calculations with such a model provide an opportunity to examine dense cloud characteristics observed in the field but difficult to reproduce or measure accurately. The numerical model reveals the characteristics of upwind motion of dense gases at the source, gravity waves induced on the cloud top by wind shear, and the variable hazard zones associated with gases released instantaneously, over a finite time and continuously.
Responding to the Psychosocial Effects of Toxic Disaster

This chapter examines the status of efforts to address the psychosocial effects of toxic disaster. Rather than investigating particular clinical or therapeutic issues, and rather than discussing specific interventions in great detail, the chapter focuses primarily on the level of policy. The aim is twofold: (1) to highlight the kinds of broad initiatives that have been undertaken to address the psychosocial consequences of toxic disasters, and (2) to consider some of the difficulties and challenges affecting policy development in this area.
Abstract 115: Renal-Specific Expression of Human Grk4 R65L in Mice Lacking Grk4 Increases Blood Pressure

The genetic causes of salt (NaCl) sensitivity in humans are not well understood. The kidney is critical to the overall fluid and electrolyte balance and long-term regulation of blood pressure (BP)....
Quantifying proliferative and surface marker heterogeneity in colony-founding connective tissue progenitors and their progeny using time-lapse microscopy.

Connective tissue progenitors (CTPs) are defined as the heterogeneous population of tissue-resident stem and progenitor cells that are capable of proliferating and differentiating into connective tissue phenotypes. The prevalence and variation in clonal progeny of CTPs can be characterized using a colony formation assay. However, colony assays do not directly assess the characteristics of the colony-founding CTP. We performed large, field-of-view, time-lapse microscopy to manually track colonies back to the founding cells. Image processing and analysis was used to characterize the colonies and their founding cells. We found that the traditional colony-forming unit (CFU) assay underestimates the number of founding cells as colonies can be formed by more than one founding cell. After 6 days in culture, colonies do not completely express CD73, CD90, and CD105. Heterogeneity in colony cells was characterized by two cell populations, proliferative and spread cells. Regression modelling of duration of lag phase and doubling time by cell marker suggests the presence of CD90 and CD105 in CTP subpopulations with different proliferative capabilities. From mathematical modelling of clonal colonies, we quantitatively characterized proliferation, migration, and cell marker expression rates to identify desirable clones for selection. Direct assessment of colony formation parameters led to more accurate assessment of CFU heterogeneity. Furthermore, these parameters can be used to quantify the diversity and hierarchy of stem and progenitor cells from a cell source or tissue for tissue engineering applications.
An interpretation of inelastic birefringence: Mechanical and optical measurements and discussion of gross yielding of polycarbonate in uniaxial tension

The relationship between plastic thickness change and plastic isochromatics occurring beyond the plostic tensile instability point of a uniaxial tensile specimen is investigated. Mechanical thickness-change measurements and a hologram of thickness change are shown to be in close qualitative agreement with isochromatics in a region of gross plastic yielding. Analytical observations are discussed to aid the interpretation of the experimental results obtained. Finally, possible extensions and applications are discussed.
Inferring Network Structure From Data.

Networks are complex models for underlying data in many application domains. In most instances, raw data is not natively in the form of a network, but derived from sensors, logs, images, or other data. Yet, the impact of the various choices in translating this data to a network have been largely unexamined. In this work, we propose a network model selection methodology that focuses on evaluating a network's utility for varying tasks, together with an efficiency measure which selects the most parsimonious model. We demonstrate that this network definition matters in several ways for modeling the behavior of the underlying system.
A collection of Galilean satellite eclipse observations, 1652-1983. I

The most complete collection of extant Galilean satellite eclipse observations since 1652 has been assembled. Since many of the old data exist only in manuscript form or in archaic forms (e.g., apparent time, local time, sidereal time, Julian calendar, etc.), they have been reduced to a modern proleptic Universal Time (UT) system (where the day begins at midnight) on the Gregorian calendar. Many of the data had been presumed to be lost for more than a century and since they are very valuable for discussion of long-term effects on the satellites, they are presented here for present as well as future generations of astronomers. The data are invaluable for long-term studies of Galilean satellite motion and for the determination of physical parameters.
Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines on the Role of Steroids in the Treatment of Adults With Metastatic Brain Tumors.

Question Do steroids improve neurological symptoms and/or quality of life in patients with metastatic brain tumors compared to supportive care only or other treatment options? If steroids are given, what dose should be used? Target population These recommendations apply to adults diagnosed with brain metastases. Recommendations STEROID THERAPY VERSUS NO STEROID THERAPYAsymptomatic brain metastases patients without mass effectInsufficient evidence exists to make a treatment recommendation for this clinical scenario.Brain metastases patients with mild symptoms related to mass effect Level 3: Corticosteroids are recommended to provide temporary symptomatic relief of symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure and edema secondary to brain metastases. It is recommended for patients who are symptomatic from metastatic disease to the brain that a starting dose of 4 to 8 mg/d of dexamethasone be considered.Brain metastases patients with moderate to severe symptoms related to mass effect Level 3: Corticosteroids are recommended to provide temporary symptomatic relief of symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure and edema secondary to brain metastases. If patients exhibit severe symptoms consistent with increased intracranial pressure, it is recommended that higher doses such as 16 mg/d or more be considered. Choice of steroid Level 3: If corticosteroids are given, dexamethasone is the best drug choice given the available evidence.Duration of Corticosteroid Administration Level 3: Corticosteroids, if given, should be tapered as rapidly as possible but no faster than clinically tolerated, based upon an individualized treatment regimen and a full understanding of the long-term sequelae of corticosteroid therapy.Given the very limited number of studies (2) which met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review, these are the only recommendations that can be offered based on this methodology.The full guideline can be found at https://www.cns.org/guidelines/guidelines-treatment-adults-metastatic-brain-tumors/chapter_7.
Learning nonlinear turbulent dynamics from partial observations via analytically solvable conditional statistics

Abstract Learning nonlinear turbulent dynamics from partial observations is an important and challenging topic. In this article, an efficient learning algorithm based on the expectation-maximization approach is developed for a rich class of complex nonlinear turbulent dynamics using short training data. Despite the significant nonlinear and non-Gaussian features in these models, the analytically solvable conditional statistics allows the development of an exact and accurate nonlinear optimal smoother for recovering the hidden variables, which facilitates an efficient learning of these fully nonlinear models with extreme events. Then three additional ingredients are incorporated into the basic algorithm for improving the learning process. First, the physics constraint that requires the conservation of energy in the quadratic nonlinear terms is taken into account. It plays an important role in preventing the finite-time blowup of the solution and various pathological behavior of the recovered model. Second, a judicious block decomposition is applied to many large-dimensional nonlinear systems. It greatly accelerates the calculation of high-dimensional conditional covariance matrix and provides an extremely cheap parallel computation for learning the model parameters. Third, sparse identification of the complex turbulent models is combined with the learning algorithm that leads to parsimonious models. Numerical tests show the skill of the algorithm in learning the nonlinear dynamics and non-Gaussian statistics with extreme events in both perfect model and model error scenarios. It is also shown that in the presence of noise and partial observations, the model is not uniquely identified. Different nonlinear models all perfectly capture the key non-Gaussian features and obtain the same ensemble forecast skill of the observed variables as the perfect model, but they may have distinct model responses to external perturbations.
High-order mimetic finite differences for anisotropic elliptic equations

Abstract Fractured geologic media can yield anisotropies in solute and heat diffusion due to the formation of changing fluid network connectivity in a rock matrix. In this paper we model Steady-state anisotropic heat diffusion as an elliptic partial differential equation with a symmetric positive definite second rank thermal conductivity tensor. We model diffusive flux as a non-diagonal symmetric tensor, which can potentially have jump discontinuities that are not aligned with the coordinate axis. The presence of jump discontinuities due to joints and faults in a rock matrix impose difficulties on existing, well-established numerical schemes that model diffusive transport. In our scheme, we model diffusive flux using mimetic finite difference operators, which are discrete analogs of the classical continuous differential operators. We introduce a 2 nd - and 4 th -order mimetic formulation for computing anisotropic fluxes. Numerical results demonstrate our formulation yields a substantial improvement compared to similar mimetic schemes.
Attention-guided analysis of infrastructure damage with semi-supervised deep learning

Abstract Routine visual inspection is essential to maintain adequate safety and serviceability of civil infrastructures. Computer vision and machine learning based software techniques are becoming recognized methods that can potentially help the inspectors analyze the physical and functional condition of infrastructures from images and/or videos of the region of interest. More recently, deep learning approaches have been shown robust in identifying damages; yet these methods require precisely labeled large amount of training data for high accuracy complementary to visual assessment of inspectors. Especially in image segmentation operations, in which damages are subtracted from the image background for further analysis, there is a strong need to localize the damaged region prior to segmentation operation. However, available segmentation methods mostly focus on the latter step (i.e., delineation), and mis-localization of damaged regions causes accuracy drops. Inspired by the superiority of human cognitive system, where recognizing objects is simpler and more efficient than machine learning algorithms, which are superior to human in local tasks, this paper describes a novel method to dramatically improve the accuracy of the damage quantification (detection + segmentation) using an attention-guided technique. In the proposed method, a fast object detection model, Single Shot Detector (SSD) trained on VGG-16 base classifier architecture, performs a real-time crack and spall detection while working interactively with the human inspector to ensure recognition of the region of interest is well-performed. Upon the inspector's verification, happening in real-time, the detected damage region is used for damage segmentation for further analysis. This initial region of interest selection drastically lowers the computational cost, required amount of training data and reduces number of outliers. For optimal performance, a modified version of SegNet architecture was used for damage segmentation. Based on various performance criteria, the proposed attention-guided infrastructure damage analysis technique provides 30% more precision with a very minor sacrifice in computational speed compared to analysis without using attention guide.
India’s Evolving engagements in the Arctic

The Arctic has attracted world attention in recent years as global warming began melting the sea ice at a much faster rate than recorded after 1979, the year when record-keeping began for the regio...
Libraries of Infrared Reflectance Spectra of Solid Materials for in situ and Standoff Sensing

We present an overview of solids reflectance spectra that report quantitative reflectance spectra between 1.3 and 16 µm of both natural and anthropogenic materials. The spectra can be used for myriad applications.
Formation of trichloromethane in chlorinated water and fresh-cut produce and as a result of reaction with citric acid ☆

Abstract Chlorine (sodium hypochlorite) is commonly used by the fresh produce industry in the U.S. to sanitize wash water, fresh and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables. However, possible formation of harmful chlorine by-products is a concern. The objectives of this study were to compare chlorine and chlorine dioxide in trichloromethane formation, determine trichloromethane levels in chlorinated wash water, cut-lettuce and diced onions, and evaluate the reaction of chlorine with citric acid, a chemical often used to adjust pH of chlorine solution. Results showed that little trichloromethane (≤3 μg L −1 ) was produced from chlorine dioxide solution even at concentrations up to 200 mg L −1 compared with the trichloromethane level (∼40 μg L −1 ) in solutions of chlorine mixed with lettuce extract. The formation of trichloromethane in 1 L of 100 mg L −1 chlorine wash water increased from 155 to 284 μg L −1 after repeated use of the wash water to wash six batches of 100 g cut lettuce. Levels of trichloromethane in the washed cut lettuce were in the range of 14–22 μg kg −1 , and were reduced to less than 8 μg kg −1 after being rinsed with water. Chlorine solution used to wash diced onions produced much less trichloromethane (32 μg L −1 ) compared with that for washing cut lettuce despite higher chemical oxygen demand and turbidity in the wash water. Citric acid reacted with chlorine and produced trichloromethane. Over 1000 μg L −1 trichloromethane was produced after 30 min reaction with chlorine at 22 °C, while less than 35 μg L −1 trichloromethane was produced when Na-phosphate was used to adjust pH of chlorine. The amount of trichloromethane increased with reaction time and concentration of citrate. Our results demonstrated that formation of trichloromethane in wash water depended on type of cut-vegetables, and citric acid contributed to a significant amount of trichloromethane formation.
Are Debates about “Morality Policy” Really about Morality? Framing Opposition to Gay and Lesbian Rights

A growing number of studies identify “morality policy” as a distinct category of public policy and have tested several related hypotheses. This article reexamines morality policy as a conceptual category and an empirical phenomenon. As others have pointed out, we should distinguish morality policy from other policies by how political actors frame issues rather than by its substantive content. In the first part of the article, I argue that we should view morality “policy” as one of two broad strategies for framing issues, rather than try to fit it into existing policy typologies. Next, I move beyond viewing morality policy as a single, broad category by identifying several distinct subtypes of morality frames. In the second part of the article, I challenge a basic assumption of the morality policy paradigm—that advocates frame morality policy issues by engaging in moralistic discourse that reflects their basic beliefs and values. Gay rights issues are a strong test of this claim because the literature cites them as typical examples of morality policy, and gay rights opponents would seem especially likely to engage in “morality talk” in framing these issues. Very few studies of morality policy actually observe framing behavior and what it reveals about the political strategy of each side. Congressional and state-level data reveal that opponents usually do not frame gay rights issues in terms of the morality of homosexuality or religious injunctions against it, even in most states where we would expect to find it. Instead, they emphasize frames that focus on alleged negative social consequences from gay rights and procedural arguments about who should make policy and how it should be made. Although many opponents of gay rights disapprove of homosexuality on moral and religious grounds, their framing behavior reflects more complex strategic considerations. I speculate that opponents deemphasize morality talk because it is politically disadvantageous compared with other kinds of frames, and because of greater acceptance of gays in society. In reducing gay rights debates to moral and religious judgments, the morality policy perspective obscures the complexity of advocates' framing strategies and ignores many of their most important arguments.
Reference prices and consumers' feeling of regret: an investigation of consumers' use of an online price‐bidding method

The purpose of the research was to provide a better understanding of the impacts of relevant information on consumers' emotions when bidding their prices through an online Name-Your-Own-Price method. Specifically, based on the tenets of the Decision Justification Theory, the study examined whether participants felt more regret about a negative outcome when reference prices were available. The research hypotheses were tested in two experiments. The results indicated that the availability of reference prices significantly affected participants' feelings of regret about a negative outcome.
Complications of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: How to Avoid and Manage Them

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a therapeutic procedure used to treat problems associated with biliary and pancreatic diseases. The benefits of ERCP over surgical treatment are well documented; however, complications including infection, pancreatitis, hemorrhage, and perforation can occur even in expert hands. Several factors, such as patient selection, skill of the operator, and the complexity of the procedure, can add to the intrinsic risks of ERCP This review outlines the current knowledge regarding ERCP complications and solutions for improved outcomes.
Bridging the gap: exploring interactions between digital human models and cognitive models

For years now, most researchers modeling physical and cognitive behavior have focused on one area or the other, dividing human performance into "neck up" and "neck down." But the current state of the art in both areas has advanced to the point that researchers should begin considering how the two areas interact to produce behaviors. In light of this, some common terms are defined so researchers working in different disciplines and application areas can understand each other better. Second, a crude "roadmap" is presented to suggest areas of interaction where researchers developing digital human form and other physical performance models might be able to collaborate with researchers developing cognitive models of human performance in order to advance the "state-of-the-art" in replicating and predicting human performance.
How to pick the right one: investigating tradeoffs among female mate choice strategies in treefrogs

Two main theories of female mate choice, that females either pick the best from the n closest males (best-of-n) or the closest with some minimum quality (min-threshold), make different behavioral predictions in some cases, yet both are supported by biological data. We present a computational agent-based model that is well-suited for investigating the differences between the two strategies for the biological model organism Hyla versicolor ("gray treefrog"). We show, based on results from systematic simulation studies, that min-threshold overall is the dominant strategy, even though best-of-n has some areas in parameter space where it dominates min-threshold.
Enzymatic methylation of recombinant heterogeneous nuclear RNP protein A1. Dual substrate specificity for S-adenosylmethionine:histone-arginine N-methyltransferase.

We have previously reported the existence of two different molecular species of protein methylase I (S-adenosylmethionine:protein-arginine N-methyltransferase, E.C. 2.1.1.23) in calf brain, one specific for myelin basic protein and the other for histone (Ghosh, S. K., Paik, W. K., and Kim, S. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 19024-19033). In the present study, however, we report that heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle protein A1 is most likely an in vivo substrate for the "histone-specific protein methylase I." The unmethylated recombinant protein A1 has been found to be a much superior methyl acceptor for the enzyme than histone with a Km value two orders of magnitude lower (0.19 microM) than that for histone (21 microM). Myelin basic protein, a specific inhibitor for histone protein methylase I, exhibited a lower IC50 for protein A1 methylation (IC50 = 33 microM) compared with histone methylation (IC50 = 220 microM) and competitively inhibited the former with a Ki value of 1.3 x 10(-6) M. The extent of inhibition of protein A1 and histone methylation by the polyclonal antibodies prepared against purified "histone protein methylase I" was identical. Maximally, 1.08-mol methyl groups were incorporated per mol of protein A1, which was 27-fold higher than that of histone (0.04 mol/mol of histone). HPLC analysis of the enzymatically methylated amino acid residues in protein A1 revealed the formation of NG-monomethylarginine and NG,NG-dimethylarginine. The ratio of NG,NG-dimethylarginine/NG-monomethylarginine increased as a function of incubation period; however, NG,N'G-dimethylarginine was not detectable. Proteolytic cleavage of the methyl-3H-labeled recombinant protein A1 by trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus V8 endoprotease indicated that protein A1 possesses multiple sites for methylation, one of which was identified as residue 194 arginine, which coincided with the in vivo methylation site.
Chemistry and biological activity of antifolates.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structural changes that have been made in each of the above regions of methotrexate (MTX), the synthetic chemical methods used in preparing MTX analogs, and the fascinating structure–activity correlations made possible by the availability of these compounds. Because published biochemical and pharmacological data on MTX analogs are at this point extremely voluminous, the original literature should be consulted for additional details. Several attempts have been made to modify the pyrazine ring in MTX with the aim of gaining insight into the role that this region plays in the biological activity of the molecule. The effects on the biological activity of decreasing the size of the pyrazine ring in MTX and aminopterin (AMT) by one carbon, as in the purine analogs, are investigated.
The Paris Codex: Handbook for a Maya Priest

The Paris Codex: Handbook for. Maya Priest. Bruce Love. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994.124 pp.
Debate on expanding survey of near Earth objects

NASA officials told a U.S. House of Representatives Science Subcommittee on 3 October that a ground-based survey to detect near-Earth objects (NEOs) is on target for achieving its goals. The NEOs that are the subject of the survey are those 1 km across or larger, and could therefore cause devastating damage if they collided with Earth. Representatives of NASA, the National Research Council, and other agencies also told the subcommittee that astronomers and policy-makers need to consider whether to expand the survey to scan for even smaller NEOs that also could inflict widespread damage to Earth on collision.
Stability of Outer Planetary Orbits Around Binary Stars: A Comparison of Hill’s and Laplace’s Stability Criteria

A comparison is made between the stability criteria of Hill and that of Laplace to determine the stability of outer planetary orbits encircling binary stars. The restricted, analytically determined results of Hill’s method by Szebehely and co-workers and the general, numerically integrated results of Laplace’s method by Graziani and Black are compared for varying values of the mass parameter μ = m2/(m1 + m2). For 0 ≤ μ ≤ 0.15, the closest orbit (lower limit of radius) an outer planet in a binary system can have and still remain stable is determined by Hill’s stability criterion. For μ > 0.15, the critical radius is determined by Laplace’s stability criterion. It appears that the Graziani-Black stability criterion describes the critical orbit within a few percent for all values of μ.
Relative free energies of solvation of PO, PN, and PC derivatives related to phosphoramide inhibitors of metallopeptidases

Abstract Expressed in terms of its equilibrium constant for transfer from water to cyclohexane, the N -methylamide of phosphoric acid, dimethyl ester, is 28-fold more hydrophilic than compounds in which its NH group is replaced by O or CH 2 . This difference, which is larger than had been indicated by earlier results obtained using chloroform, octanol, or computational methods, is consistent with the view that strong hydrogen bonds are present in tightly bound complexes that are formed between thermolysin and inhibitory phosphoric acid amides.
Involvement of type I hypersensitivity in rapid rejection of Trichinella spiralis from adult rats.

The role of type I hypersensitivity in the rapid rejection of Trichinella spiralis from actively, and passively immunized rats was examined. Net intestinal fluid secretion, which oc
A note on bipartite subgraphs of triangle-free regular graphs

Lower bounds on the size of a maximum bipartite subgraph of a triangle-free r-regular graph are presented.
Fully balanced low-noise transconductance amplifiers with P1dB > 0dBm in 45nm CMOS

This paper presents two linear broadband inductorless Low Noise Transconductance Amplifiers (LNTA) featuring high linearities for large signal (P 1dB ) and small signal (IIP3). The LNTAs utilize the complementary characteristics of NMOS and PMOS transistors to enhance the linearity. First prototype is a fully balanced current reuse LNTA achieving 0.12GHz bandwidth, minimum NF of 3dB, IIP3 of 10.8dBm and P 1dB of 0dBm while dissipating 35mW. Second prototype proposes a low power bulk driven LNTA with 20mW of power consumption achieving comparable performances. Each LNTA occupy 0.06mm2 in 45nm CMOS.
Negative dimensions: Theory, computation, and experiment

Negative dimensions in probabilistic fractal measures are analyzed using the concept of level-independent multiplier distributions. By suitably manipulating these distributions we compute the positive and negative parts of the f(\ensuremath{\alpha}) function. It is demonstrated that the multiplier method extracts the f(\ensuremath{\alpha}) function with exponentially less work, and that it is more accurate than conventional box-counting methods. The utility of this method is demonstrated by applying it to a binary cascade with a triangular multiplier distribution and the dissipation field of fully developed turbulence.
Site selection spectroscopy luminescence of solutions with laser excitation

Abstract The narrow line emission observed by Personov et al. at low temperature in a glassy matrix from perylene has been shown to be observable from many other molecules. Spectra of 1-chloronaphthalene and tetracene are presented. Narrow line phosphorescence was not observed. Narrow line fluorescence was also absent when the excitation energy was 1500 cm −1 greater than the 0–0 fluorescence level and in these two cases it is suggested that heating of the matrix by radiationless processes causes the spectral broadening.
Stabilization of the colchicine-binding activity of tubulin by organic acids

Abstract A number of carboxylic acids and organic phosphates were found to be highly effective in stabilizing the colchicine-binding activity of calf brain tubulin. The mose active were glutamate, glutarate, δ-aminovalerate, glucose 1-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 1,6-(bis)phosphate, creatine phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate. Maximum effects occurred at high concentrations. Combinations of agents were also examined, and the most effective mixture for stabilizing tubulin found thus far was the combination of 1.0 M glutamate, 100 mM glucose 1-phosphate, 1 mM GTP and 0.5 mg/ml of albumin. No loss of activity occurred over 48 h at 37°C when tubulin was present at a concentration of 100 μg/ml.
Neonatal exposure to triethyltin disrupts olfactory discrimination learning in preweanling rats.

Triethyltin is an organotin compound that is known to produce neurotoxicity in both adult and developing organisms. Although this neurotoxicity has been documented with a variety of behavioral and biological measures, the effects of this compound on learning during early development have been less extensively studied. The present study reports four experiments that examined this question with an odor aversion learning paradigm in which pups received presentations of one odor paired with footshock and an alternate odor without shock. In Experiment 1, Long-Evans rat pups were injected IP on postnatal day 5 (PND 5) with either 0, 3 or 5 mg/kg TET and then tested for olfactory discrimination learning on PND 18. Only the 5-mg/kg dose impaired discrimination learning. In Experiment 2, PND 5 exposure to TET (5 mg/kg) disrupted olfactory learning on PND 18 but not on PND 12, whereas exposure on PND 10 disrupted learning at both ages of testing. In Experiment 3, PND 16 exposure to TET (5 mg/kg) also disrupted acquisition of olfactory learning on PND 18 but had no effect on retention of an olfactory discrimination that was acquired prior to TET exposure (i.e., on PND 14 and PND 15). Unconditioned responses to footshock were also unaffected by TET (Experiment 4). These findings indicate that neonatal exposure to TET impairs associative learning in developing rats and are discussed in relation to other studies of the developmental neurotoxicity of this compound.
Exercise left ventriculography utilizing intravenous digital angiography

Exercise left ventriculography has been shown to be a sensitive and specific tool for the detection of coronary artery disease. At the present time, such studies require radionuclide-based methods. Computer-based techniques recently have been shown to provide high resolution images of the left ventricle when the levophase of an intravenous injection of radiopaque contrast medium is imaged with fluoroscopy. To evaluate the possible efficacy of using “intravenous digital subtraction left ventriculograms” in exercise ventriculography, such ventriculograms were performed at rest and during maximal supine bicycle exercise in 31 patients. Studies that could be analyzed were obtained in 29 patients. In 21 patients with coronary artery disease, ejection fraction was 58% at rest and 45% with exercise (p Sixteen patients underwent rest and exercise radionuclide cineangiography in addition to digital subtraction angiography. There was a strong correlation between the two techniques for ejection fraction at rest (r = 0.78, p It is concluded that exercise ventriculography utilizing intravenous digital subtraction angiography is feasible and provides information comparable with that available from radionuclide cineangiography.
The Mentoring Of Graduate Students: A Conceptual Framework For Same-Gender And Cross-Gender Mentor-Protégé Relationships:

The process of mentoring graduate students to prepare them to assume roles as faculty members is important to their future performance and satisfaction. This article examines the existing state of mentor-protege relationships, posits a model for a conceptual framework for the mentoring process, and identifies some of the mechanisms for incorporating it into graduate criminological education. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms that facilitate and encourage cross-gender mentor-protege relationships for "professors in training."
Beyond rules and propositions: Reflections on Bereiter's concept of problem-centred knowledge

Bereiter's concept of problem-centred knowledge is criticized on two grounds. First, associating knowledge with particular problem types limits the use of that knowledge to those problem types, causing rather than curing mindlessness. Second, interesting problems are not independent of our knowledge but arise within particular knowledge structures. Hence, problems must be indexed by the knowledge structures they are relevant to, rather than the other way around. It is suggested that a more traditional concept of “theoretical knowledge” carries some of the same pedagogical potential as the concept of problem-centred knowledge without sharing its inherent difficulties.
Are physician and non-physician providers of outpatient mental healthcare substitutes or complements? a conceptual clarification.

Solving the health care consumers’ (producers’) utility maximization (cost minimization) problem could entail the substitution of alternative care providers (factor inputs) when the relative out-of-pocket costs (factor prices) change, ceteris paribus. The conceptual advancement in this contribution is illustrated with an earlier paper (P. Deb and A. Holmes, Health Economics 7(4):347–362, 1998) on the economic relationship of physicians (M.D.s) and ‘other providers’ (Ph.D.s, other) in the US outpatient demand for mental health care services. Many aspects of our conceptual progress are insightful. Foremost, our conclusion on whether M.D. and non-M.D. providers of outpatient mental health care are economic complements or substitutes depends on the alternative measure of the substitution elasticity used. Second, when correctly measured the expenditure-minimizing substitutions among mental health providers can be useful policy decision guides for consumers covered under traditional indemnity insurance with deductibles or managed care plans with user co-payments. Finally, our conceptual clarification should motivate future investigators of health services demand (or use) and cost models to consider a wider conceptual foundation for assessing the structure and implications of provider relationships.
Using stimulus equivalence technology to teach emotion recognition to adults with acquired brain injury

The purpose of this study was to use stimulus equivalence technology to teach emotion recognition skills to three adults with acquired brain injuries. A pre-test, post-test design was employed to test for acquisition of the facial recognition skills after training. Computer presentation of the stimuli was used. A pre-test was conducted, in which participants' abilities to expressively label facial representations of emotions and match distinct representations of emotions to other representations depicting the same emotion were examined. Next, participants received matching-to-sample training, in which they were first taught to receptively identify the facial representations of the basic emotions happiness, sadness and anger. They were then taught to receptively identify facial representations of those same emotions that were different from the first representations. When mastery criterion was attained, a post-test identical to the pre-test was presented. Results showed that the participants were able to demonstrate increased facial-emotional recognition skills after training.
An experimental and theoretical high temperature kinetic study of the thermal unimolecular dissociation of fluoroethane.

The thermal dissociation of fluoroethane has been studied using shock tube (ST)/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) at 500 and 1200 Torr over the temperature range 1200–1550 K. The ST/TOF-MS experiments confirm that elimination of HF is the only reaction channel and rate coefficients for this reaction were extracted from concentration/time profiles derived from the mass spectra. Results from a novel diaphragmless shock tube coupled to the TOF-MS are also presented and demonstrate the unique ability of this apparatus to generate sufficiently reproducible shock waves that signal averaging can be performed over multiple experiments; something that is not possible with a conventional shock tube. The dissociation is also studied with ab initio transition state theory based master equation simulations. A modest increase in the calculated barrier height (i.e., by 1 kcal mol−1) yields predicted high pressure rate coefficients that are in good agreement with the existing literature data. The present pressure dependent observations are accurately reproduced for a downwards energy transfer for neon at 1200 to 1500 K of ∼270 cm−1, which is somewhat smaller than that found in previous studies on fluorinated ethanes with the same bath gases.
Comparison of gavage, water bottle, and a high-moisture diet bolus as dosing methods for quantitative D-xylose administration to B6D2F1 (Mus musculus) mice.

Gavage, water bottle, and diet incorporation are 3 dosing methods used orally to administer test compounds to rodents. These 3 methods were compared in mice to determine which represented the most quantitative delivery system. For dietary incorporation, a high-moisture bolus form of NIH-31 rodent meal was developed using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as an autoclave-stable binding agent. A high-moisture bolus were selected to increase the acceptability of the dosed diet and to promote quantitative consumption through reduced wastage. The test compound used was D-xylose, a pentose sugar that may be quantitatively detected, colorimetrically, in urine following oral dosing. Six male and 6 female B6D2FI mice were placed in metabolism cages and dosed with a known quantity of D-xylose by each of the 3 methods. Urine was collected before and after each method of administration and analysed for total D-xylose; the per cent recovery was based upon the amount of D-xylose consumed. Quantitative consumption was apparently greatest for water bottle dosing with an average recovery of 56.0% of the original D-xylose dose. High-moisture bolus incorporation ranked second with 50.0% D-xylose recovery, and gavage was third with 41.0% D-xylose recovery.
Evolution of the fibropellin gene family and patterns of fibropellin gene expression in sea urchin phylogeny.

This study documents evolutionary modifications in the expression patterns of the sea urchin EGF I and EGF III genes, which encode a family of extracellular matrix proteins, the fibropellins. We show that the sea urchin apical lamina, a macromolecular extracellular matrix that surrounds the sea urchin embryo and is made up of the fibropellins, has been conserved through at least 250 million years of echinoid evolution. The contribution of different fibropellin family members to this structure has, however, changed over the course of sea urchin phylogeny, and between two congeneric species that exhibit different developmental modes. Mapping the evolutionary history of the EGF genes on a cladogram of relationships among sea urchins reveals that EGF I is present in all echinoids examined, while EGF III appears to have arisen by duplication and divergence from EGF I during the radiation of a suborder of the camarodont sea urchins some 35–45 million years ago. Alterations in the temporal expression patterns of these genes as well as the loss of one of the two EGF I transcripts and encoded protein are coincident with the evolution of a direct-developing larval form in Heliocidaris erythrogramma. H. erythrogramma and its congener Heliocidaris tuberculata, which develops via a typical echinopluteus larva, shared a common ancestor about 10 million years ago. The differences in fibropellin representation within the apical lamina of the various taxa indicate that a homologous embryonic structure can undergo substantial changes in composition during its evolutionary history.