cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theory of effect of uniaxial stress on Tc in YBa2Cu3O7

Abstract Recent measurements of the effect of the uniaxial stress on Tc can be understood in terms of the anisotropy dependence of the density of states at the Fermi energy. We show that if the Fermi energy of YBa2Cu3O7 is located very close to the van Hove singularity as suggested by some authors, the DOS(EF) will decrease as one increases the anisotropy, and the uniaxial pressure in the a-direction will reduce Tc while the uniaxial pressure in the b-direction will increase Tc. These two effects will almost cancel out when one applies an isotropic hydrostatic pressure.
Site‐specific production of TGF‐β in oral mucosal and cutaneous wounds

Wound healing in the oral mucosa is clinically distinguished by rapid healing and lack of scar formation compared with dermal wounds. Mechanisms of favorable mucosal healing are yet to be elucidated. Utilizing a murine model of equivalent-size mucosal and skin wounds, we verified the rapid reepithelializaton and reduction in scarring of oral wounds reported in humans. Collagen fibrillar structure in oral wounds rapidly approached the size of normal collagen fibrils, while the collagen ultrastructure in skin remained immature through the later phases of healing. To determine whether the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) contributes to the lack of scar formation in oral mucosa, we compared the expression and production in oral and skin wounds. The RNase protection assay demonstrated significantly lower levels of TGF-beta1 expression in oral wounds compared with dermal wounds, and no changes were observed in the expression levels of TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta 3. ELISA analysis confirmed that oral wounds contained lower levels of TGF-beta1 levels compared with dermal wounds, along with a significant increase in the ratio of TGF-beta 3 to -beta1. These findings showed reduced scarring in oral wounds at the ultrastructural level, and provide evidence that site-specific differences in TGF-beta production contributes to the superior healing of oral wounds.
Geometry, time-dependent and failure properties of human meniscal attachments.

Abstract Meniscectomies have been shown to lead to osteoarthritis and the success of meniscal replacements remains questionable. It has been suggested that the success of a meniscal replacement is dependent on several factors, one of which is the secure fixation and firm attachment of the replacement to the tibial plateau at the horn locations. To aid in the development of meniscal replacements, the objectives of the current study were to determine the time-dependent and failure properties of human meniscal attachments. In contrast to the time-dependent tests, during uniaxial failure testing a charge-coupled video camera was used to document the local strain and linear modulus distribution across the surface of the attachments. The lateral attachments were statistically smaller in cross-sectional area and longer than the medial attachments. The anterior attachments were statistically longer and had a smaller cross-sectional area than the posterior attachments. From the stress relaxation tests, the load and stress relaxation rates of the medial anterior attachment were statistically greater than the medial posterior attachment. There were no significant differences in the creep, structural properties or the ultimate stress between the different attachments. Ultimate strain varied between attachments, as well as along the length of the attachment. Ultimate strain in the meniscus region (10.4±6.9%) and mid-substance region (12.7±16.4%) was smaller than the bony insertion region (32.2±21.5%). The lateral and anterior attachments were also found to have statistically greater strain than the medial and posterior attachments, respectively. The linear modulus was statistically weaker in the bony insertion region (69.7±33.7 MPa) compared to the meniscus region (153±123 MPa) and mid-substance region (195±121 MPa). Overall the anterior attachments (169±130 MPa) were also found to be statistically stronger than the posterior attachments (90.8±64.9 MPa). These results can be used to help design tissue-engineered replacement menisci and their insertions and show the differences in material properties between attachments, as well as within an attachment.
Fluconazole susceptibility testing of Candida albicans: microtiter method that is independent of inoculum size, temperature, and time of reading.

In vitro antifungal susceptibility testing generally remains unstandardized and unreliable for directing therapy. When azoles are tested, this problem is further compounded by the lack of definite reading end points. We determined the in vitro susceptibility of 50 Candida albicans isolates (including 10 reference strains) to fluconazole by using a microbroth dilution method in which microtiter plates were agitated immediately before reading. Six fungal inoculum sizes (ranging from 2 x 10(2) to 4 x 10(5) CFU/ml), three different times of reading (24, 48, and 72 h), and two temperatures (30 and 35 degrees C) were tested. We also compared visual and spectrophotometric determinations of MIC end points. This agitation method resulted in clear-cut visual end points that were reproducible for different observers within the same laboratory, that were independent of inoculum size, temperature of incubation, and time of reading, and that correlated well with the degree of fungal inhibition as determined by spectrophotometry. Median MICs also correlated with usually achievable levels of fluconazole in serum and tissue of humans and experimental animals. Images
Swollen keratinocytes: a histologic marker of unusual human papillomavirus-type infection and immunosuppression.

Cutaneous papillomavirus infection is common in patients who are immunosupprcsscd. We describe swollen keratinocytes in the granular layer in lesions from four patients who had human immunodeficiency virus infection. These cells were similar to those described in skin lesions of epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Amplification of DNA from the lesions revealed an amplimer for human papillomavirus using a consensus primer for a highly conserved region of the LI open reading frame: however, specific binding was not noted when radiolabelled probes for human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 33 were used. We conclude that the presence of these distinctive swollen cells strongly suggests immunosuppression and quite possibly infection by a less common papillomavirus type.
Linguistic and Cultural Characteristics of Domain Names of the Top Fifty Most-Visited Websites in the US and China: A Cross-Linguistic Study of Domain Names and e-Branding

The current study is a cross-linguistic, cross-cultural analysis of the domain names of the fifty most-visited websites of Internet-based businesses in the US and China (100 domain names examined; the ranking is an extraction from the alexa.com database). In particular, the study examines brevity, rhythm, recourse to semiotic systems, and semantic characteristics of the domain names. The findings suggest that the US most-visited domain names are more homogeneous in orthography and recourse to semiotic systems (largely alphabetic; semantic transparency). Chinese domain names are heterogeneous, mixing semiotic systems and featuring more cultural symbolism (particularly number symbolism) and literary intertextuality.
A reassessment of the wall effect of non-newtonian flow of polymer solutions

An apparatus for checking slip interpretation of flow anomalies in the laminar capillary flow of macromolecular solutions is described. It consists of a two-dimensional flow channel, having a uniform width of 1.5 inch and an alternative, convergent taper that is adjustable. Dilute aqueous solutions of the polymers Carbopol, Natrosol, and Polyox are recirculated in steady laminar flow from a large reservoir. Velocities, pressures, and wall shear stresses are measured. Local velocities are obtained by the local injection of conductive tracer fluid, whose passage is sensed by sets of electrodes stationed along the flow. Wall shear stresses are measured on a small, freely displaceable, traction surface flush with the channel wall. The tests cover concentrations of Carbopol of 0.1% to 0.4%, Natrosol of 0.5% to 1%, and Polyox of 0.5% to 1%. Approximate viscosities range from about 10 to 1000 cP. Wall shear rates up to 1000 s−1 are attained.
A Follow-up on the USAMO Winners.

Family Background. Winners have come from well-educated professional parent? age. At least one of the parents in all but 6 sets of parents has had some college training. (Two of these 6 sets are recent immigrants from China.) Among the parents are 32 Ph.D.'s; 82 bachelor's and master's; 2 M.D.'s; 1 D.D.S., and 1 D.O.; and 5 L.L.B.'s. Among the lot are 20 college professors, 18 housewives, 16 engineers, 11 scientists, 10 teachers, 7 attorneys, 7 medical personnel, 2 chefs, 6 computer scientists, a candidate for a Ph.D., an editor, an electrician, a mathematician (federal government), a psychotherapist, a realtor, a salesman, 2 seamstresses, a teacher-writer combination, and a writer. It is of interest that no USAMO winner has had a brother or sister as a winner, and thus no USAMO team member to the IMO has had a brother or sister as a team member. That has occurred in Western and Eastern Europe: the Federal Republic of Germany and Bulgaria have had brothers as participants, and Poland has had twins as participants. It is of interest, too, that we had our first young lady winner, Edith N. Starr, in 1982; she placed 8th that year. She is majoring in mathematics at Harvard. We have had none since. It will be valuable as well as
A global model of cometary tail disconnection events triggered by solar wind magnetic variations

[1] Presented in this paper are the results of a time-dependent, fully three-dimensional self-consistent ideal magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) model of disconnection events (DEs) in the cometary plasma tail. Understanding the interaction of cometary plasma with the solar wind is a very important problem in space plasma physics. This study focuses on the detailed MHD processes which occur during DEs based on typical comets with ideal solar wind conditions, as well as different experiences of DEs triggered by different forms of heliospheric current sheet (HCS). The crossing process against a typical HCS, which is interpreted as various tangential discontinuities (TDs), is simulated. Tail rays and/or disconnected tails are formed in such simulations. With our line-of-sight integration results, we conclude that observers from different directions relative to the IMF plane will see two different types of DE image series. The magnetic reconnection that occurs in our results confirms previous publications from different models. With additional cases, our study also provides the limitation for such DEs to be triggered: the angle of magnetic field rotation across the TD should be within 90° to 270°. The effects of various intervals of multiple HCS crossings are explored to show that a 2-h minimum interval is needed for consecutive multiple HCS to trigger a DE. In addition, such DEs caused by multiple HCS crossings have more tail rays and appear closer to observations than those resulted by single HCS crossings. In addition to presenting the first global DE time evolution with a well-resolved contact-surface, our results are compared morphologically with observational images. Quasi-quantitative agreement with observational measurements is found by investigating the recession speed during the DE. Moreover, the importance of having a solar wind condition being able to trigger a frontside magnetic reconnection is found critical for such DEs to originate. The importance of a well-resolved contact surface to this problem is discussed regarding to the mass loading effect. On the basis of our deductions and simulations, an empirical equation and data table to estimate the minimum upwind boundary distance is derived with respect to the shock distance, which is sensitive to the cometary production rate.
The Role of Disulfide Bridge in the Folding and Stability of the Recombinant Human Prion Protein

It is believed that the critical step in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies is a transition of prion protein (PrP) from an α-helical conformation, PrPC, to a β-sheet-rich form, PrPSc. Native prion protein contains a single disulfide bond linking Cys residues at positions 179 and 214. To elucidate the role of this bridge in the stability and folding of the protein, we studied the reduced form of the recombinant human PrP as well as the variant of PrP in which cysteines were replaced with alanine residues. At neutral pH, the reduced prion protein and the Cys-free mutant were insoluble and formed amorphous aggregates. However, the proteins could be refolded in a monomeric form under the conditions of mildly acidic pH. Spectroscopic experiments indicate that the monomeric Cys-free and reduced PrP have molten globule-like properties, i.e. they are characterized by compromised tertiary interactions, an increased exposure of hydrophobic surfaces, lack of cooperative unfolding transition in urea, and partial loss of native (α-helical) secondary structure. In the presence of sodium chloride, these partially unfolded proteins undergo a transition to a β-sheet-rich structure. However, this transition is invariably associated with protein oligomerization. The present data argue against the notion that reduced prion protein can exist in a stable monomeric form that is rich in β-sheet structure.
Reflection of Phonons at an Interface between a Solid and Liquid Helium

The reflection coefficient of phonons at a boundary between several dielectric crystals and liquid helium has been measured by the heat-pulse technique. The reflection coefficient is found to be smaller for transverse phonons than for longitudinal.
Zur Chronologie des alten Ägypten

A set of careful radiocarbon measurements of historically dated samples from ancient Egypt (approx. 2500–3300 B.C.) show excellent agreement with the historically expected age if the conventionial C-14 dates are corrected for variations in the atmospheric C-14 level over the past millenia. These variations have been established by calibration measurements on dendrochronologically dated bristlecone wood (pinus aristata), and are in the range of several percent, corresponding to age deviations of several hundred years.
Arachidonic acid‐induced down‐regulation of protein kinase C δ in beta‐cells

We have previously identified expression of multiple protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms in insulinoma-derived beta-cells and whole islets. Both PKC delta and PKC alpha appear to be the more abundantly expressed isoforms. In this report we studied the effects of arachidonic acid (AA) on the subcellular distribution of PKC alpha and PKC delta. AA has been reported to activate both PKC alpha and PKC delta and it is thought to be an important second messenger in beta-cells. Here we report that AA interacted with and altered beta-cell pools of PKC delta preferentially over PKC alpha. AA (100 microM) over the course of 45 min reduced cytosolic levels of PKC delta (to 40 +/- 15%, compared to time zero control) leaving membrane- and cytoskeleton-associated levels near control levels. Analysis of whole cell homogenates showed a slight down-regulation of PKC delta indicating proteolysis. The down-regulation of cytosolic PKC delta appeared to be isoform specific since cytosolic PKC alpha remained at control levels over the time course. The response was dose-dependent and negligible at concentrations below 30 microM and occurred, at least partially, in the cytosolic compartment of the cell. Indomethacin also down-regulated cytosolic PKC delta preferentially over PKC alpha possibly through accumulation of AA. These findings suggest that cytosolic PKC delta may be a downstream target of this beta-cell second messenger.
North Carolina Farm Women: Opportunities for Support and Farm-Related Education

ABSTRACTThe stress that farming visits upon male farmers has been acknowledged for decades. Stress- and work-related injuries among nonmigrant farm women is well documented from 1980 through the mid-1990s. A void of literature concerning nonmigrant farm women exists since that time. One possible explanation for this deficit is that United States Department of Agriculture Census of Agriculture data only consider the contributions of women on the farm if they are reported as farm operators. From 2002 to 2007, the number of women farm operators in North Carolina (NC) increased by 3%, and currently 13% of the state’s farms are operated by women. These numbers emphasize the importance of understanding the self-perceived needs of women farmers. A qualitative research project was conducted to investigate the social-emotional needs of NC farm women. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 women with whom the NC Agromedicine Institute had previously worked in collaboration on farm health and safety. Key t...
Creating Library Tutorials for Nursing Students

This article describes one librarian's experiences with creating, promoting, and assessing online library tutorials. Tutorials were designed to provide on-demand and accessible library instruction to nursing students at Michigan State University. Topics for tutorials were chosen based on the librarian's liaison experiences and suggestions from nursing faculty. The tutorials were created using Camtasia and required the application of several tools and techniques. Tutorials were promoted through Web pages, the ANGEL course management system, blog posts, librarian interactions, e-mails, and more. In order to assess the tutorials' perceived effectiveness, feedback was gathered using a short survey. Future plans for the nursing tutorials project are also discussed.
Reducing variance in the numerical solution of BSDEs

Numerical methods based on time discretization and estimation of conditional expectations for solving backward stochastic di↵erential equations (BSDEs) have been the object of considerable research, particularly in view of the applications to finance. We introduce and implement a simple control variate technique to reduce the simulation error of the conditional expectation estimates in BSDE methods. These modifications increase the accuracy of the existing algorithms without additional computational cost.To cite this article: S. Alanko, M. Avellaneda, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I 340 (2005).
Activation of lateral hypothalamus-projecting parabrachial neurons by intraorally delivered gustatory stimuli

The present study investigated a subpopulation of neurons in the mouse parabrachial nucleus (PbN), a gustatory and visceral relay area in the brainstem, that project to the lateral hypothalamus (LH). We made injections of the retrograde tracer Fluorogold (FG) into LH, resulting in fluorescent labeling of neurons located in different regions of the PbN. Mice were stimulated through an intraoral cannula with one of seven different taste stimuli, and PbN sections were processed for immunohistochemical detection of the immediate early gene c-Fos, which labels activated neurons. LH projection neurons were found in all PbN subnuclei, but in greater concentration in lateral subnuclei, including the dorsal lateral subnucleus (dl). Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) was observed in the PbN in a stimulus-dependent pattern, with the greatest differentiation between intraoral stimulation with sweet (0.5 M sucrose) and bitter (0.003 M quinine) compounds. In particular, sweet and umami-tasting stimuli evoked robust FLI in cells in the dl, whereas quinine evoked almost no FLI in cells in this subnucleus. Double-labeled cells were also found in the greatest quantity in the dl. Overall, these results support the hypothesis that the dl contains direct a projection to the LH that is activated preferentially by appetitive compounds; this projection may be mediated by taste and/or postingestive mechanisms.
Convergence properties of high-Reynolds-number separated flow calculations

The convergence properties of an iterative solution technique for the Reduced Navier–Stokes equations are examined for two-dimensional steady subsonic flow over bump and trough geometries. Techniques for decreasing the sensitivity to the initial pressure approximation, for fine meshes in particular, are investigated. They are shown to improve the robustness of the relaxation process and to decrease the computational work required to obtain a converged solution. A semi-coarsening multigrid technique that has previously been found to be particularly advantageous for high-Reynolds-number (Re) flows with flow separation and with highly stretched surface-normal grids is applied herein to further accelerate convergence. Solutions are obtained for the laminar flow over a trough that is more severe than has been considered to date. Sufficient axial grid refinement in this case leads to a shock-like reattachment and, for sufficiently large Re, to a local ‘divergence’ of the numerical computations. This ‘laminar flow breakdown’ appears to be related to an instability associated with high-frequency fine-grid modes that are not resolvable with the present modelling. This behaviour may be indicative of dynamic stall or of incipient transition. The breakdown or instability is shown to be controllable by suitable introduction of transition turbulence models or by laminar flow control, i.e. small amounts of wall suction. This lends further support to the hypothesis that the instability is of a physical rather than numerical character and suggests that full three-dimensional analysis is required to properly capture the flow behaviour. Another inference drawn from this investigation is that there is a need for careful grid refinement studies in high-Re flow computations, since coarser grids may yield oscillation-free solutions that cannot be obtained on finer grids.
Physiologic correlates of right ventricular ejection fraction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A combined radionuclide and hemodynamic study☆

Abstract The pathophysiologic correlates of right ventricular ejection fraction, as well as its relation to contractile function as assessed by systolic pressure-volume data, were evaluated in 20 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Radionuclide and hemodynamic measurements were obtained simultaneously. Baseline determinations were obtained in all patients. In seven patients, studies were repeated after intravenous administration of sodium nitroprusside. This procedure allowed characterization of right ventricular performance at decreased afterload and provided two points necessary for definition of the right ventricular systolic pressure-volume relation. Seventeen of the 20 patients had a depressed right ventricular ejection fraction (less than 45 percent). There was a strong inverse linear correlation between right ventricular ejection fraction and afterload as assessed by peak or mean pulmonary arterial pressure (r = −0.81) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (r = −0.73). Right ventricular ejection fraction also correlated, although less strongly, with preload as assessed by right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (r = −0.56) and mean right atrial pressure (r = −0.51). It did not correlate with cardiac index, the ratio of peak pulmonary arterial pressure to right ventricular end-systolic volume index, arterial oxygen tension or left ventricular ejection fraction. After nitroprusside administration, mean arterial pressure, peak pulmonary arterial systolic pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance index decreased significantly. The slope (E) and the volume intercept (V 0 ) of each pressure-volume line were determined. Administration of dobutamine resulted in a leftward shift from the endsystolic pressure-volume line. There were poor correlations between E and right ventricular ejection fraction, as well as between E and the control ratio between pulmonary arterial systolic pressure and end-systolic volume index. These data demonstrate that, in addition to intrinsic contractile influences, right ventricular ejection fraction is highly dependent on afterload, but less dependent on preload. Right ventricular ejection fraction is a poor indicator of the slope of the systolic pressure-volume relation, raising questions concerning its use as an independent index of chamber contractility.
A diagnosis of conflict: theoretical barriers to integration in mental health services & their philosophical undercurrents.

This paper examines the philosophical substructure to the theoretical conflicts that permeate contemporary mental health care in the UK. Theoretical conflicts are treated here as those that arise among practitioners holding divergent theoretical orientations towards the phenomena being treated. Such conflicts, although steeped in history, have become revitalized by recent attempts at integrating mental health services that have forced diversely trained practitioners to work collaboratively together, often under one roof. Part I of this paper examines how the history of these conflicts can be understood as a tension between, on the one hand, the medical model and its use by the dominant profession of psychiatry, and on the other, those alternative models and practitioners in some way differentiated from the medical model camp. Examples will be given from recent policy and research to highlight the prevalence of this tension in contemporary practice. Part II of this paper explores the deeper commonalities that lay beneath the theoretical conflict outlined in Part I. These commonalities will be shown to be apart of a captivating framework that has continued to grip the conflict since its inception. By exposing this underlying framework-and the motivations inherent therein-the topic of integration appears in wholly different light, allowing a renewed philosophical basis for integration to emerge.
Endoscopy unit efficiency: quality redefined.

This month’s contribution by Gellad et al concerns efficiency within an endoscopy unit. There are over 5400 Medicare certified ambulatory surgical centers (ASC) in the United States providing a distributed network of high quality, accessible centers for patients in need of outpatient endoscopic procedures. Most of these units are running efficiently with little room for waste (or they would not be able to survive in the current environment). Dr Gellad and colleagues have developed a process to analyze effi ciency by defining performance metrics based on standard Dona bedian analysis. Their article relates mostly to units performing a mix of procedures usually within a hospital unit. These units, unlike ASCs, deserve our scrutiny since many are operated at efficiency levels that provide “opportunities.”
ProTDB: probabilistic data in XML

Where as traditional databases manage only deterministic information, many applications that use databases involve uncertain data. This paper presents a Probabilistic Tree Data Base (ProTDB) to manage probabilistic data, represented in XML. Our approach differs from previous efforts to develop probabilistic relational systems in that we build a probabilistic XML database. This design is driven by application needs that involve data not readily amenable to a relational representation. XML data poses several modeling challenges: due to its structure, due to the possibility of uncertainty association at multiple granularities, and due to the possibility of missing and repeated sub-elements. We present a probabilistic XML model that addresses all of these challenges. We devise an implementation of XML query operations using our probability model, and demonstrate the efficiency of our implementation experimentally. We have used ProTDB to manage data from two application areas: protein chemistry data from the bioinformatics domain, and information extraction data obtained from the web using a natural language analysis system. We present a brief case study of the latter to demonstrate the value of probabilistic XML data management.
A Transparent Pressurized CFB and Cyclone: An Innovative Cost-Effective Design

The objective of this study were threefold: (1) to determine if a transparent PVC cyclone with a thin-walled vortex finder would maintain its integrity and collection efficiency at various pressures, and if so, to measure that efficiency, (2) to determine how long PVC material would retain its transparency to enable Laser Doppler velocimeter measurements to be made, and (3) to determine the suitability of PVC for pressurized circulating fluidized bed (PCFB) research use in terms of ease of fabrication and cost.
EPIMHC: a curated database of MHC-binding peptides for customized computational vaccinology

Summary: EPIMHC is a relational database of MHC-binding peptides and T cell epitopes that are observed in real proteins. Currently, the database contains 4867 distinct peptide sequences from various sources, including 84 tumor-associated antigens. The EPIMHC database is accessible through a web server that has been designed to facilitate research in computational vaccinology. Importantly, peptides resulting from a query can be selected to derive specific motif-matrices. Subsequently, these motif-matrices can be used in combination with a dynamic algorithm for predicting MHC-binding peptides from user-provided protein queries. Availability: The EPIMHC database server is hosted by the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute at the site http://immunax.dfci.harvard.edu/bioinformatics/epimhc/ Contact: reche@research.dfci.harvard.edu
INFLUENCE OF ACUTE RESISTANCE EXERCISE ON CARDIAC BIOMARKERS IN UNTRAINED WOMEN

Abstract This study was conducted to determine if an initial bout of resistance (weight lifting) exercise by untrained women results in any alterations in indicators of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Untrained women performed 4 resistance exercises at 70% of their 1 repetition maximum. Blood samples were obtained during the 12 h post-exercise and analyzed for total creatine kinase (CK)-MB, CK-MB subforms 1 and 2, and the relative lymphocyte percentage. Exercise resulted in significant increases in total CK-MB, CK-MB1, CK-MB2, and the CK-MB2/CK-MB1 ratio, total leukocyte count, and lymphocyte count. Using several criteria for the assessment of AMI, 22–25% of subjects completing the protocol demonstrated increases in CK-MB2, CK-MB2/CK-MB1 ratio, and relative lymphocyte percentages that were suggestive of AMI. Thus, our data suggest that moderate resistance exercise can significantly alter blood indicators of AMI, emphasizing the need to determine recent exercise history in patients with possible AMI.
AT THE RENDEZVOUS OF DECOLONIZATION

This article examines the 1955 Asian-African Conference held in Bandung, Indonesia with a particular focus on contextualizing its final commuique, a key document of the early postcolonial period. Although the Bandung meeting became and important symbol of Third World solidarity by serving as a precursor or the Non-Aligned Movement, the escalating politics of the Cold War equally compromised its aims. Acknowledging this complexity provides insight the challenges faced by postcolonial countries in the aftermath of mid-twentieth-century decolonization, armid stated ideals of anti-imperialism, economic and cultural exchange, and world peace.
A tactic-centric approach for automating traceability of quality concerns

The software architectures of business, mission, or safety critical systems must be carefully designed to balance an exacting set of quality concerns describing characteristics such as security, reliability, and performance. Unfortunately, software architectures tend to degrade over time as maintainers modify the system without understanding the underlying architectural decisions. Although this problem can be mitigated by manually tracing architectural decisions into the code, the cost and effort required to do this can be prohibitively expensive. In this paper we therefore present a novel approach for automating the construction of traceability links for architectural tactics. Our approach utilizes machine learning methods and lightweight structural analysis to detect tactic-related classes. The detected tactic-related classes are then mapped to a Tactic Traceability Information Model. We train our trace algorithm using code extracted from fifteen performance-centric and safety-critical open source software systems and then evaluate it against the Apache Hadoop framework. Our results show that automatically generated traceability links can support software maintenance activities while helping to preserve architectural qualities.
Interspecific and Postmetamorphic Variation in Susceptibility of Three North American Anurans to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Abstract Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd), the fungus responsible for chytridiomycosis, grows on the keratinized parts of the body (i.e., the entire skin of juveniles and adults, and the oral disk of tadpoles). The fungus affects epidermal structures, generating an imbalance of the osmotic equilibrium through the skin that ultimately leads to death. Therefore, larvae are likely to be much more resistant compared with juveniles and adults, which may suffer high mortality. However, nothing is known about how susceptibility varies during the juvenile life stages (from the end of metamorphosis to sexual maturity). The coexistence of tolerant hosts (either tolerant species or unaffected developmental stages) with susceptible hosts is a major reason why chytridiomycosis has become an epidemic disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the interspecific and developmental variation in susceptibility to Bd in juveniles of three North American anurans. Leopard Frog (Lithobates pipiens) incurred no lethal effec...
Inhibition of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Motility and Entry into Epithelial Cells by a Protective Antilipopolysaccharide Monoclonal Immunoglobulin A Antibody

Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies directed against the O antigen of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are the primary determinants of mucosal immunity to gram-negative enteric pathogens. However, the underlying mechanisms by which these antibodies interfere with bacterial colonization and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells are not well understood. In this study, we report that Sal4, a protective, anti-O5-specific monoclonal IgA, is a potent inhibitor of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium flagellum-based motility. Using video light microscopy, we observed that Sal4 completely and virtually instantaneously "paralyzed" laboratory and clinical strains of serovar Typhimurium. Sal4-mediated motility arrest preceded and occurred independently of agglutination. Polyclonal anti-LPS IgG antibodies and F(ab)(2) fragments were as potent as was Sal4 at impeding bacterial motility, whereas monovalent Fab fragments were 5- to 10-fold less effective. To determine whether motility arrest can fully account for Sal4's protective capacity in vitro, we performed epithelial cell infection assays in which the requirement for flagellar motility in adherence and invasion was bypassed by centrifugation. Under these conditions, Sal4-treated serovar Typhimurium cells remained noninvasive, revealing that the monoclonal IgA, in addition to interfering with motility, has an effect on bacterial uptake into epithelial cells. Sal4 did not, however, inhibit bacterial uptake into mouse macrophages, indicating that the antibody interferes specifically with Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1)-dependent, but not SPI-1-independent, entry into host cells. These results reveal a previously unrecognized capacity of SIgA to "disarm" microbial pathogens on mucosal surfaces and prevent colonization and invasion of the intestinal epithelium.
Mutating conserved residues in the ribonuclease H domain of Ty3 reverse transcriptase affects specialized cleavage events.

The reverse transcriptase-associated ribonuclease H (RT/RNase H) domains from the gypsy group of retrotransposons, of which Ty3 is a member, share considerable sequence homology with their retroviral counterparts. However, thegypsy elements have a conserved tyrosine (position 459 in Ty3 RT) instead of the conserved histidine in the catalytic center of retroviral RTs such as at position 539 of HIV-1. In addition, thegypsy group shows conservation of histidine adjacent to the third of the metal-chelating carboxylate residues, which is Asp-426 of Ty3 RT. The role of these and additional catalytic residues was assessed with purified recombinant enzymes and through the ability of Ty3 mutants to support transposition in Saccaromyces cerevisiae. Although all mutations had minimal impact on DNA polymerase function, amidation of Asp-358, Glu-401, and Asp-426 eliminated Mg2+- and Mn2+-dependent RNase H function. Replacing His-427 and Tyr-459 with Ala and Asp-469 with Asn resulted in reduced RNase H activity in the presence of Mg2+, whereas in the presence of Mn2+ these mutants displayed a lack of turnover. Despite this, mutations at all positions were lethal for transposition. To reconcile these apparently contradictory findings, the efficiency of specialized RNase H-mediated events was examined for each enzyme. Mutants retaining RNase H activity on a heteropolymeric RNA·DNA hybrid failed to support DNA strand transfer and release of the (+) strand polypurine tract primer from (+) RNA, suggesting that interrupting one or both of these events might account for the transposition defect.
Using Technology to Create a More Humanistic Approach to Integrating Palliative Care into the Intensive Care Unit

A decade ago, the major obstacles to integration of palliative care into the intensive care unit (ICU) were the limited number of providers trained in palliative care, an immature evidence base, and a lack of appreciation for the importance of palliative care in the ICU. In 2016, the palliative care workforce has expanded markedly and there is growing appreciation of the benefits of palliative care, whether provided by a generalist (intensivist, nurse, social worker) or palliative care specialist. However, there is evidence that the quality of ICU-based palliative care is often suboptimal. A major barrier to more broadly addressing this quality problem is the lack of scalable ICU-based palliative care models that use technology to deliver efficient, collaborative palliative care in the ICU setting to the right patient at the right time. To address these challenges, we first review strengths and limitations of current care models as the basis for our novel conceptual framework that uses the electronic health record as a platform on which external innovations can be built, including: (1) screening for patients at risk for poor outcomes, (2) integrating patient- and family-reported needs, (3) personalizing care, and (4) directing generalist versus specialist triage algorithms. In the approaches considered, we describe current challenges and propose specific solutions that use technology to improve the quality of the human interaction in a stressful, complex environment.
Exploring Health Topics in Chinese Social Media: An Analysis of Sina Weibo

This paper seeks to identify and characterize health-related topics discussed on the Chinese microblogging website, Sina Weibo. We identified nearly 1 million messages containing health-related keywords, filtered from a dataset of 93 million messages spanning five years. We applied probabilistic topic models to this dataset and identified the prominent health topics. We show that a variety of health topics are discussed in Sina Weibo, and that four flu-related topics are correlated with monthly influenza case rates in China.
Revitalising advanced rotorcraft research – and the compound helicopter

This paper briefly reviews the history and development of compounds, tiltrotors and hingeless rotors. Largely through a quirk of history, the compound has been neglected for over three decades. The mission performance potential of the compound is re-examined based on basic aerodynamic principles and by surveying recent NASA and Army mission design studies. A rational case can be made that the compound is the preferred rotorcraft for intermediate-speed missions and that it can be a worthy complement to the helicopter and tiltrotor. Past US Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AFDD) aeromechanics research in aeroelastic stability and prediction methodology is reviewed in support of advancing both conventional and compound rotorcraft. This paper describes ten research and development (R&D) initiatives to revitalise advanced rotorcraft research for both conventional and future compound rotorcraft.
Navigating the Problem Space of Academic Work

Despite an increasing focus on the quality of teaching in postsecondary institutions, little research exists that examines how faculty actually plan their courses in real-world settings. In this study the idea of the “problem space” from cognitive science is used to examine how faculty construct mental representations for the task of planning undergraduate courses. Using data from free lists and retrospective interviews, I report the factors that most shape the planning space and subsequent strategies and curricular artifacts used by a group of 58 faculty. Results indicate the primacy of fixed affordances, such as workload constraints, course content, and class size, and that these constraints contribute to the routine maintenance of preexisting lecture notes and PowerPoint slides. I recommend that educational leaders consider these cultural practices when designing instructional reforms and enact policies that require faculty to engage in brief, postclass reflection that results in minor updates to these...
Psychological well-being of Cambodian women in resettlement.

Current literature focuses on immediate needs of refugees as they flee acute crises.However, the search for refuge extends beyond immediate migration. Refugees confront many issues in resettlement. The experience of traumatic pain and multiple losses coupled with the struggle for survival in a forei
Comparison of Effects of Various Brands of AGTH on Normal Subjects.

SummaryAn analysis of the accumulated results indicates the following: 1. There is a statistically significant difference between ACTH and normal saline as related to induced eosinopenia. Furthermore, differences among brands are apparent with Brands No. 1,2, and 4 producing the more profound effects. 2. 17-Ketosteroid levels are slightly increased by all the brands and also by normal saline. Although Pincus(6) has been able to produce sharp hourly rises in urinary 17 ketosteroids under situations of induced stress in man, it seems that an intramuscular injection of 25 mg of ACTH is not capable of duplicating this, at least from urine specimens collected at these time intervals. 3. There is no direct correlation among the three tests performed, but there seems to be an inverse relationship between the biological assay in rats and the tests in humans. 4. Because of this variation between animal and human responses, and the results of other investigative work as referred to above, it seems to be questionabl...
Molly had a most complicated pregnancy.

The challenge of caring for Molly and her unborn child after Molly's traumatic injury brought out the best in our nursing unit.
Palliative care and use of animal-assisted therapy

A growing body of research and clinical reports support the benefits of utilizing animal-assisted therapy (AAT) as a complementary, transdisciplinary treatment intervention in medical settings. However, fewer articles are found demonstrating AAT's use in palliative care settings. This article is a study of the effects of AAT in palliative care situations, presenting one anecdotal clinical vignette. In this way, the efficacy of this technique in decreasing patient pain, thereby increasing patient quality of life, and lowering staff stress levels may be illustrated.
Observer-based robust control for uncertain linear systems with multi-time delays

In this paper, the design of observer-based robust controllers for uncertain linear systems with multi-time delays was studied. In the light of linear matrix inequality theory, a sufficient condition for the existence of observer-based robust controllers for such uncertain systems is obtained, and the corresponding state observer and observer-based robust controllers are given. A numerical example is also included to illustrate the obtained results.
Dilute-nitride GaNP planar and core/shell microwire solar cells

Dilute nitride GaNP is potentially useful as the top junction in dual-junction solar cells on Si because it has a tunable direct-bandgap and small lattice mismatch with Si. Investigations on GaP are the first step toward this goal. Our best GaNP solar cell on GaP ([N] = 1.8%, Eg = 2.05 eV) achieves an efficiency of 7.9%, which is 3 times higher than the most efficient GaP solar cell to date and higher than other solar cells with similar direct bandgap (InGaP, GaAsP). We also report GaP/GaNP core/shell microwire solar cells utilizing top-down reactiveion etching to create the GaP cores and molecular beam epitaxy to create the GaNP shells. Systematic studies of cell performance over a series of microwire lengths, array periods, and sidewall morphologies, examined by transmission electron microscopy, were conducted to shed light on performance-limiting factors and to optimize the cell efficiency.
Regulating Behavior and Teaching Morals: The Uses of Religion, 1865–1937

The Second Awakening, the communitarian social initiatives of the Benevolent Empire, and the invocation of a civil religion by President Lincoln helped erode the nation's secular orientation and the clarity of disestablishment by the end of the Civil War. Yet, the laws in 1865 continued to assert the separation of church and state, even if many court decisions, public policies, and attitudes seemed to reject the doctrine. Separation continued largely because of the early republic's legal delineation of public and private spheres. While challenged from the 1830s onward, this legal delineation did not confront serious reconsideration until the late 1800s and early 1900s. Then the politicization of morality by both non-Christian Pragmatists and Christian reformers in pursuit of new conceptions of social justice demanded a form of legal positivism that rendered the classical liberal demarcation of government authority to a circumscribed public sphere an archaic impediment to social progress. These reformers not only reintroduced religion as a basis for moral action into political discourse, but also minimized the legal basis for the separation of church and state. Postwar society created a fertile ground for reconsideration of the nation's purpose and values. The Civil War produced tremendous doubt among Americans that they were either God's chosen people or capable of democracy. Simultaneously, America experienced a transformation from a local to a national culture. Initially, this national culture expressed longings for a new sense of community rooted in discipline and traditional values. The anguish of the War defeated ideas of anti-institutional individualism, such as Thoreau's embrace of civil disobedience. However, by the 1880s, Americans were open to revising their values and looked to a new educated class of professionals and experts in pursuing efficiency, predictability, and conformity. The rigorous social code imposed in Victorian America can be seen as rooted in this culturally derived value system combined with Christian ethical prescriptions. It offered predictability and an appreciation of conformity in an era of tremendous social change and the anxiety it produced. Americans expected their institutional authorities to protect and encourage the new social code. As law and religion form the two greatest institutional authorities in the United States, they were asked, singularly and together, to lead Americans’ adaptation to a new society – at once protecting the values and lifestyles of the past while enabling people to prosper in a new social context.