cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association Between Resident Perceptions of Patient Safety and Duty Hour Violations.

Background Residents are often required to balance whether to adhere to duty hour policies or violate them to care for patients and obtain educational experiences. Little is known about why residents violate duty hour policies and whether there is a relationship between how often residents violate duty hours and concerns about patient safety. Our objective was to assess the association between resident duty hour violations and resident concerns about patient safety. Study Design We analyzed survey data collected from surgery residents who completed the 2015 American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination, excluding those in the Flexible Policy arm of the Flexibility in Duty Hour Requirements for Surgical Trainees (FIRST) trial. Perceptions of how duty hour restrictions affect patient safety were dichotomized as either "positive/neutral" or "negative." Resident duty hour violations in a typical month were separated as "frequently" (≥3 times) or "infrequently" ( Results Overall, 25.3% of trainees under current policies perceived that current ACGME duty hour policies negatively affected patient safety. This negative perception increased with PGY level (PGY1: 18.5%, PGY2 to 3: 22.6%, PGY4 to 5: 32.0%; p Conclusions Trainees who reported perceiving negative effects of duty hour policies on patient safety were more likely to report frequent duty hour violations.
Influence of Department Store Image on Private Label Brand Preference Among Consumers With Different Level of Knowledge and Familiarity

This study examined the influence of department store environmental cues and consumers’ level of knowledge about and familiarity with PLBs on their PLB preferences. With the rising competition in recent retail markets, retailers found that increasing the variety of products with private label brand (PLB) is one of the ways to satisfy consumers’ various needs and wants, and thus build customer loyalty and create differentiation from the competition. Moreover, as the PLBs lead to increased profits for retailers compared to national brands, they began stocking their shelves and aisles with exclusive, high quality private labels to satisfy their customers and enlarge their clientele (Provigo, Inc. 2007). According to the Private Label Manufacturers Association (2009), one in every five products sold in U.S. supermarkets, drug stores, and mass merchandisers in 2008 were private label brands. Private Label Manufacturers Association also states that 60 percent of consumers report buying private label brands on a regular basis, which brought retailers $80 billion in 2008, up 22 percent from 2007.
Cutaneous side‐effects of biologics in immune‐mediated disorders: A histopathological perspective

Advances in understanding molecular mechanisms and targets in immune regulation have led to the widespread use of biologic targeted therapies, and, as such, reformed the course of many disabling diseases. However, with their expanded use, various side-effects, including cutaneous, have emerged. Many times a clear-cut relationship exists between the drug and the clinical manifestations; however, when a biopsy is warranted, various histopathological patterns may be observed and may cause confusion to the dermatopathologist. The aim of this review is to shed light on the different histopathological patterns observed as a manifestation secondary to biologics.
Noise, Calpain, Calpain Inhibitors, and Neuroprotection: A Preliminary Report of Tinnitus Control.

Frequently, noise-induced hearing loss is associated with the symptom of tinnitus. Preliminary results in the animal model after noise exposure suggest that the calpain inhibitor leupeptin may protect against noise-induced hearing loss. A final common pathway for cell destruction and cell death (i.e., apoptosis) is the calpain hypothesis. Calpain is a normal, intracellular, cytosolic protease activated by excess intracellular calcium. Calpain inhibitors (AK275, AK295) have been shown to provide neuroprotection in the central nervous system. A collaboration of basic science and clinical research efforts focusing on calpain antagonists and inhibitors was established in New York in 1997; the initiators are attempting to develop neuroprotective drug therapy regimens for hearing and balance system complaints, particularly hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo. Both calpain inhibitors and antagonists are being developed and are being investigated with perfusion techniques of the inner ear, in vitro and in vivo, for their effects on peripheral and central portions of the cochleovestibular system
The Once and Future Onion

Onionsites are Internet sites accessed via protocols offering security protections beyond those provided by the usual protocols and infrastructure of the Internet, such as confidentiality of address lookup, and that significantly strengthen commonly offered protections; for example, their self-authenticating addresses preclude the kinds of certificate hijacks that have occurred against registered domain names. I will sketch the properties and design of onion services, including early history as well as recent developments. I will also describe integration of onionsites much more fully into conventional Internet sites in ways that promote their general widescale adoption.
Acute Ischemic Stroke

Stroke poses an enormous threat to the public health with approximately 795,000 people experiencing a new or recurrent stroke annually. Acute management of stroke has made substantial progress. If the time to last well state is less than 4.5 h, administration of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (IV rtPA) is possible. The goals of stroke therapy for patients admitted after the TPA window or with residual symptoms after IV rtPA are to prevent neurological worsening, prevent and treat complications, optimize recovery, and initiate strategies to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke. Comprehensive management of stroke patients can have substantial benefit for survival and quality of life of patients with cerebrovascular disease.
Sucre indigène and sucre colonial: Reconsidering the splitting of the French national sugar market, 1800–1860

In the early 1800s, the French beet sugar industry was established to provide sugar autarky for France. From the beginning, it competed with French Caribbean cane sugar. Over sixty years, the two complexes produced their own blocs that coexisted and split the French national sugar market, both claiming rights to governmental protection. This article argues that reconsidering the sugar question provides evidence for a shift in the politicalâ€“economic concept of colony, drawing on pamphlets from the 1830s and 1840s as well as relevant secondary historiography. The blocs struggled over definitions of protection, indemnity, and, ultimately, the relationship of colony and nation. The splitting of the market thus amounted to a rupture of colonies from metropole, which provides an underplayed colonial dimension to economic liberalization and a history of liberal precepts quietly at work in the developing rift. The question des sucres bears witness to a fraught disintegrationâ€”symbolic, political, and economicâ€”of the oldest French colonies from the nation that had built them.
Line and surface integrals

We use integrals to find the total amount of some quantity on a curve or surface in space. Examples include total mass of a wire, work along a curve, total charge on a surface, and flux across a surface.
Male Fertility in Cyclosporine-Treated Renal Transplant Patients

Fertility and potential fertility were evaluated in 9 young men on cyclosporine A therapy following renal transplantation. Semen analysis was normal in most parameters in 8 patients as was testicular hormonal function. Of 4 men who had attempted to impregnate their wives 3 succeeded. Cyclosporine A does not seem to affect adversely fertility in men.
Peptide Receptors in CNS

The existence of peptide receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) has been considered a possibility for over 20 years. Two lines of evidence form the basis for this possibility. First, neurons in the CNS are known to contain peptides. For instance, the peptide substance P is widely distributed in the CNS, suggesting that neurons might utilize this substance as a neurotransmitter. A pharmacological action was, however, difficult to define clearly for many years, owing to technical difficulties, including impurities in the extracts of substance P. Recent experiments with pure, synthetic substance P have shown it to act on central neurons. Also, the peptides antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin are synthesized by the hypothalamic neurosecretory cells. Formerly it was thought that these cells released their peptide secretions exclusively into the vascular system for peripheral action, but there is now both anatomical and physiological evidence that these “peptidergic” neurons participate in synaptic events in the CNS. However, direct proof that these peptide hormones are the transmitter substances released by neurosecretory cells has been limited.
Alignment characters, dynamic programming and heuristic solutions

The method of direct optimization of nucleic acid sequences proposed by Wheeler (1996) is elaborated and explained in light of dynamic programming procedures. An exact solution to the problem of phylogenetic reconstruction of unequal-length sequences is described, and its impracticality demonstrated. A branch-and-bound procedure is elucidated to accelerate this process. Additionally, a series of heuristic solutions are defined for this general problem, allowing for both significant decrease in computational effort and integration with existing algorithmic economies. Finally, potential implications of this method are discussed in light of putative long-branch attraction problems.
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis-Periodontitis: A Literature Review

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis-periodontitis (ANUG/ NUP) is a relatively uncommon periodontal disease characterized by gingival necrosis and ulceration, pain, and bleeding. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of current knowledge on ANUG/NUP. Current literature on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, immunology, predisposing factors, and treatment of ANUG/NUP is reviewed.
Aero–acoustics in constricted pipe flow at low mach number

In this study, the sound generation in a constricted pipe at low Mach number (M=0.003, Re=1170 at the inlet) flow is investigated using a hybrid modeling approach of computational aero-acoustics (CAA). Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model is used simulate the flow and accurately capture the flow instabilities associated with the constriction. The Acoustic Perturbation Equation (APE) method is used to model the acoustic field where the source terms are derived from the incompressible flow simulation results. The acoustic spectra from the APE simulation results showed good agreement (within 9%) with measured values on the pipe wall downstream of the constriction. The strongest APE acoustic sources were found to occur in the jet core breakdown region that contained the highest pressure fluctuations in the flow field. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) was used to study the Coherent flow structures in the jet core breakdown region in order to further understand the characteristics of acoustic sources. The strongest structure corresponds to the peak frequency of the measured sound pressure spectra. The study results improve our understanding of the sound generation mechanisms in biomedical applications involving the airways such as phonation and partial airway obstruction.
Retrospective Analysis of Long-Term Gastrointestinal Symptoms After Clostridium Difficile Infection in a Nonelderly Cohort

Elderly patients and those with comorbid conditions are at high risk for poor outcomes after Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) but outcomes in a healthier, nonelderly population are not well described. We sought to investigate gastrointestinal diagnoses and CDI during hospitalizations in the 24 to 36 months after an initial episode of CDI in nonelderly patients in a cohort with an overall low prevalence of comorbid conditions. We performed a retrospective analysis of hospital admissions from 2010–2013 using the Truven MarketScan database of employment-based private insurance claims. Subjects = 18 years old); a CDI diagnosis in 2011 (index date); at least 12 months of pre-index continuous enrollment; and 24–36 months of continuous post-index enrollment were included. The 12 months of each subject’s enrollment prior to the index date for a CDI served as the reference period for the analyses of that subject’s post-CDI time periods. Hospital claims during the follow-up period were evaluated for gastrointestinal diagnoses and/or CDI ICD-9 codes. The risk of gastrointestinal diagnoses was assessed using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for a pre-specified set of baseline demographic and clinical factors. During 2011, 5,632 subjects with CDI met the inclusion criteria for our study. The risk of gastrointestinal diagnoses in patients with a CDI diagnostic code for the same admission was almost 8-fold higher 3 months post-CDI (hazard ratio (HR) = 7.56; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.97–19.19) than for subjects without CDI and remained statistically significant until month 24 (HR = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.04–2.08). After CDI, patients remained at risk for gastrointestinal symptoms with CDI for up to two years. There is an important, long-term healthcare burden after CDI in this population.
Data Statements for Natural Language Processing: Toward Mitigating System Bias and Enabling Better Science

In this paper, we propose data statements as a design solution and professional practice for natural language processing technologists, in both research and development. Through the adoption and wi...
Insurance Coverage, and Having a Regular Provider, and Utilization of Cancer Follow-up and Noncancer Health Care Among Childhood Cancer Survivors:

The objective of this study was to assess the role of health insurance coverage on patterns of health care utilization and access to cancer-related follow-up and non-cancer care among childhood cancer survivors (CCS). Cross-sectional survey design was used. Childhood cancer survivors were from 2 large hospitals in Los Angeles County. In all, 235 were identified through the Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program, diagnosed between the ages of 5 and 18 in 2000-2007 with any cancer type except Hodgkin lymphoma. At data collection in 2009-2010, participants were between 15 and 25 years old. Study exposure was health insurance coverage (private, public, and uninsured). Main outcomes and measures were respondents' regular source of care for cancer follow-up, noncancer care, and both; and having a cancer follow-up visit, primary care visit, and hospital emergency department visit in the past 2 years. Compared with those with private insurance, the uninsured were less likely to have a regular source for cancer follow-up (odds ratio [OR] = 4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9-9.4), less likely to have a source for noncancer care (OR = 3.3, 95% CI 1.6-6.9), and less likely to have a source of care for both (OR = 5.3, 95% CI = 2.1-13.5). Furthermore, uninsured CCS were less likely to have made visits to cancer specialists (OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 2.1-9.50) and were less likely to have seen a primary care physician in the past 2 years (OR = 3.9, 95% CI = 1.8-8.2). In addition, those with public (vs private) insurance were less likely to have a regular provider for primary care (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.1-5.4) and less likely to have made a primary care visit in the past year (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 2.1-13.5). Uninsured CCS are at risk of not obtaining cancer follow-up care, and those with public (vs. private) insurance have less access to primary care. Policies that ensure continuity of coverage for survivors as they age into adulthood may result in fewer barriers to needed care, which may lead to fewer health problems for CCS in the future.
COMPARISON OF UAV IMAGERY-DERIVED POINT CLOUD TO TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNER POINT CLOUD

Abstract. A small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with survey-grade GNSS positioning is used to produce a point cloud for topographic mapping and 3D reconstruction. The objective of this study is to assess the accuracy of a UAV imagery-derived point cloud by comparing a point cloud generated by terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). Imagery was collected over a 320 m by 320 m area with undulating terrain, containing 80 ground control points. A SenseFly eBee Plus fixed-wing platform with PPK positioning with a 10.6 mm focal length and a 20 MP digital camera was used to fly the area. Pix4Dmapper, a computer vision based commercial software, was used to process a photogrammetric block, constrained by 5 GCPs while obtaining cm-level RMSE based on the remaining 75 checkpoints. Based on results of automatic aerial triangulation, a point cloud and digital surface model (DSM) (2.5 cm/pixel) are generated and their accuracy assessed. A bias less than 1 pixel was observed in elevations from the UAV DSM at the checkpoints. 31 registered TLS scans made up a point cloud of the same area with an observed horizontal root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.006m, and negligible vertical RMSE. Comparisons were made between fitted planes of extracted roof features of 2 buildings and centreline profile comparison of a road in both UAV and TLS point clouds. Comparisons showed an average +8 cm bias with UAV point cloud computing too high in two features. No bias was observed in the roof features of the southernmost building.
Abstract 095: Lessons Learned from the BRIDGE Registry: Major Findings From 8 Years of BRIDGE

Background: Readmissions after cardiac hospitalizations are frequent and costly in the United States. Delays in follow-up and lack of adherence to guidelines may contribute to high unplanned readmi...
Spiritual Well-Being, Social Support, and Depression Among American Indian Women Cancer Survivors: The Mediating Effect of Perceived Quality of Life:

This study aims to examine the mediating effect of quality of life on associations between both spiritual well-being and social support and depression among American Indian (AI) women cancer surviv...
Mechanisms Influencing Countergradient Variation in Prairie Lizards, Sceloporus consobrinus

Countergradient variation (CnGV) in physiological traits exists among populations of broad-ranging ectotherms. Relatively few studies, however, have addressed the underlying biochemical mechanisms that support enhanced growth and development. We aimed to determine whether CnGV in embryonic development occurs in the Prairie Lizard (Sceloporus consobrinus) and to assess possible mechanisms that contribute to differential embryonic development. We investigated differences in embryonic development between two populations of S. consobrinus from different latitudes by tracking metabolic metrics throughout the incubation period. We found metabolic differences between the two populations that were similar to those observed S. undulatus, a previously studied sceloporine lizard that displays CnGV in development, suggesting that embryos from the high latitude population were developing at a faster rate than those from a lower latitude. However, contrary to our original predictions, aerobic metabolic enzyme activity did not differ between populations. Finally, we found some evidence of a trade-off between embryonic developmental rate and mortality as well as between embryonic and hatchling anaerobic enzyme performance. Our results corroborate previously implicated proximate mechanisms of CnGV in developmental rate in a new lineage of sceloporine lizard. In addition, our results show a novel detriment to embryonic survival in the high latitude population, highlighting that we do not yet understand the complexities of the developmental trade-offs experienced across latitudes.
Design Impacts of Back-End-of-Line Line Edge Roughness

One of the main issues of EUV lithography is Line Edge Roughness (LER) on photo-resists, which significantly impacts yield at sub-30 nm pitches. In this work, an analytical model of LER is presented and analyzed for yield loss induced by open/short failures, cut mask defects, enhanced time dependent dielectrics breakdown (TDDB) failures for metal wires with different geometries, electro-migration (EM) impacts from the presence of LER on SRAM bitlines, and finally, LER impacts on functional errors. The model will be evaluated on single and double patterned designs with metal pitches of 24 and 28 nanometers. We show experimental results and give specific criteria in which LER thresholds can be relaxed without negatively impacting yield and path delay. This is a critical issue as higher LER tolerance allows exponential increase in throughput and thus reduces cost of fabrication.
Agent-Based Models of Polarization and Ethnocentrism

Building on the Cambridge Element Agent Based Models of Social Life: Fundamentals (Cambridge, 2020), we move on to the next level. We do this by building agent based models of polarization and ethnocentrism. In the process, we develop: stochastic models, which add a crucial element of uncertainty to human interaction; models of human interactions structured by social networks; and 'evolutionary' models in which agents using more effective decision rules are more likely to survive and prosper than others. The aim is to leave readers with an effective toolkit for building, running and analyzing agent based modes of social interaction.
Superconducting properties of single-crystal Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 + y

We have measured the Meissner (flux expulsion) effects, lower critical fields, ${H}_{c1}$, and magnetization curves in single-crystal ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8+\mathrm{y}}$ (idealized composition) in magnetic fields both parallel and perpendicular to the basal planes. We find that the Meissner flux expulsion fractions of these crystals are very large, reaching 57--74% (depending on field orientation) of that of an ideal superconductor. The lower critical fields are very small (\ensuremath{\le}100 G in the favorable orientation) and show a large anisotropy of 25. The magnetization critical current has also been determined to be \ensuremath{\sim}6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{4}$ A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 7 K.
Insights into the taxonomic and functional characterization of agricultural crop core rhizobiomes and their potential microbial drivers.

While our understanding of plant–microbe interactions in the rhizosphere microbiome (rhizobiome) has increased, there is still limited information on which taxa and functions drive these rhizobiome interactions. Focusing on the core rhizobiome (members common to two or more microbial assemblages) of crops may reduce the number of targets for determining these interactions, as they are expected to have greater influence on soil nutrient cycling and plant growth than the rest of the rhizobiome. Here, we examined whether the characterization of a core rhizobiome on the basis of only taxonomic or functional traits rather than the combined analysis of taxonomic and functional traits provides a different assessment of the core rhizobiome of agricultural crops. Sequences of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene from six globally important crops were analyzed using two different approaches in order to identify and characterize the taxonomic and functional core rhizobiome. For all crops examined, we found significant differences in the taxonomic and functional composition between the core rhizobiomes, and different phyla, genera, and predicted microbial functions were dominant depending on the core rhizobiome type. Network analysis indicated potentially important taxa were present in both taxonomic and functional core rhizobiomes. A subset of genera and predicted functions were exclusively or predominately present in only one type of core rhizobiome while others were detected in both core rhizobiomes. These results highlight the necessity of including both taxonomy and function when assessing the core rhizobiome, as this will enhance our understanding of the relationships between microbial taxa and soil health, plant growth, and agricultural sustainability.
Gender Differences in Morphology, Disease Phenotype and Outcomes Among Children and Young Adults with Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Background: There is no current literature examining the impact of gender on the prevalence, valve morphology, phenotype, progression and outcomes in pediatric and young adult patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Methods: We identified all children and young adults (≤ 22 years) diagnosed with BAV from 1990-2016 at the Mayo Clinic. Patients with isolated BAV (no other congenital heart defect or genetic syndrome) were included in this study. Two blinded and independent reviewers identified …
Vaping and psychotic experiences among college students in the United States.

Abstract Aim While cigarette and marijuana use has been linked to psychotic experiences, few empirical studies have examined the relation between vaping and psychotic experiences. Methods We analyzed data from the Healthy Minds Survey (September 2020 – December 2020; N = 29,232 students from 36 universities), and used multiple logistic regression models to examine the associations between vaping over the past 30 days and psychotic experiences over the past 12 months, adjusting for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. We then additionally adjusted for cigarette and marijuana use, as well as depression and anxiety. Results Roughly 14 % of students in the sample reported psychotic experiences over the past year, and around 14–15 % of students reported vaping over the past month. In multiple logistic regression models, vaping was significantly associated with psychotic experiences (aOR 1.88; 95 % CI: 1.63–2.18). This association attenuated but remained statistically significant even after adjusting for any cigarette use and marijuana use, and after adjusting for depression and anxiety. Conclusions Among college students, vaping was significantly associated with psychotic experiences, even after accounting for simple measures of cigarette and marijuana use, and mental health problems, calling for more prospective studies to examine the association.
An Alternate Diffusion Paradigm Especially Relevant for Innovations Possessing High School Visibility

This paper puts forward several conceptual propositions relating style diffusion and adoption to reference group theory. These propositions are contrasted with the traditional diffusion of innovations paradigm, which has been most often used as an empirical and conceptual framework for studying styled products.
Contributions of Sahgal and colleagues: the "vasopression central arousal theory".

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the views and studies of Sahgal and associates concerning the influence of vasopressin (VP) on memory processing. Many of Sahgal's writings have critically evaluated the VP/OT central memory theory and the research practices on which it has been based. Rejecting the thesis that VP directly influences substrates underlying memory consolidation and retrieval, the Sahgal et al. viewpoint, the VP central arousal theory proposes instead that the behavioral effects of the peptide are best explained by its ability to increase the baseline arousal level. Sahgal and colleagues regard their theoretical position as essentially agreeing with that of Koob and associates. The role of VP in memory processing and the effects of VP on learning and memory tasks to a primary effect on the individual's arousal level were emphasized in their research studies. The innovative and creative research design and measurement that characterize their research protocols, together with their employment of a variety of learning tasks, have yielded results supporting the view that a VP-induced arousal effect is especially prominent in those types and stages of memory processing, especially dependent on focused and sustained attentional processing for a successful outcome.
Molecular Genetics of Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal haematopoietic disorders characterised clinically by inefficient haematopoiesis, cytopenias of the peripheral blood and a risk of progression to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Molecularly, MDS can be associated with a wide range of acquired chromosomal abnormalities, epigenetic alterations and single gene mutations. These abnormalities affect diverse molecular pathways including ribonucleic acid (RNA) splicing machinery, epigenetic modifiers, haematopoietic transcription factors, receptor tyrosine kinase signalling, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. The particular combination of somatic genetic lesions in any given patient will influence how their disease is manifested, and together with individual background germline genotype may explain much of the clinical heterogeneity associated with MDS. Here, the common genetic abnormalities that underlie MDS and how these abnormalities influence the development and progression of these disorders have been reviewed. Key Concepts: MDS represent a collection of disorders marked by abnormal, inefficient haematopoiesis, cytopenias of the peripheral blood and a predisposition for progression to AML. Like other haematopoietic malignancies, MDS arise from the clonal expansion of a single, abnormal haematopoietic cell. The abnormal MDS cells that maintain the disease have the ability to self-renew and clonally expand because they have a selective growth advantage compared to their normal counterparts. Impaired haematopoietic differentiation in MDS can lead to cytopenias or to the production of terminally differentiated cells with abnormal function. A combination of somatic genetic abnormalities (acquired changes to the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) coding sequence), epigenetic abnormalities (heritable changes in gene expression) and marrow microenvironmental abnormalities contribute to the development and progression of MDS. Approximately, 50% of MDS cells have a chromosomal abnormality detectable by routine metaphase karyotype analysis. More than 75% of patients have acquired mutations in one or more genes known to be recurrently altered in MDS. Recurrent mutations in MDS implicate several molecular pathways in the development and progression of disease including; altered RNA splicing mechanisms, epigenetic changes in DNA methylation and histone modifications, activation of growth factor signalling cascades, impaired differentiation and abnormal regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. Acquired mutations in several MDS genes have prognostic significance that is independent of clinically based prognostic scoring systems. Chromosomal abnormalities and mutations in some genes can predict response to specific therapies used to treat patients with MDS. Keywords: myelodysplastic syndromes; somatic mutations; refractory anaemia; thrombocytopenia; splicing factors; epigenetics; ring sideroblasts; cytogenetic abnormalities; acute myeloid leukaemia; stem cell transplantation; hypomethylating agents; azacitidine; decitabine; lenalidomide
New Age Thinking: Alternative Ways of Measuring Age, Their Relationship to Labor Force Participation, Goverment Policies and GDP

The current practice of measuring age as years-since-birth, both in common practice and in the law, rather than alternative measures reflecting a person's stage in the lifecycle distorts important behavior such as retirement, saving, and the discussion of dependency ratios. Two alternative measures of age are explored: mortality risk and remaining life expectancy. With these alternative measures, the huge wave of elderly forecast for the first half of this century doesn't look like a huge wave at all. By conventional 65+ standards, the fraction of the population that is elderly will grow by about 66 percent. However, the fraction of the population that is above a mortality rate that corresponds to 65+ today will grow by only 20 percent. Needless to say, the aging of the society is a lot less dramatic with the alternative mortality-based age measures. In a separate application of age measurement, I examine the consequences of stabilizing labor force participation by age with alternative age definitions. If labor force participation were to remain as it is today with respect to remaining life expectancy (i.e. if the length of retirement stayed where it is today) rather than labor force participation remaining fixed by conventionally-defined age, then there would be 9.6 percent more total labor supply by 2050 in the U.S. This additional labor supply could help finance entitlement programs amongst other things. GDP would be between seven and ten percent higher by 2050 if retirement lengths stabilize. Several policies are examined that would encourage longer work careers.
Cerebral venticular enlargement in young manic males

Abstract Computerized tomographic (CT) head scans of 24 young manic males were compared with those of 27 matched control subjects and 55 chronic schizophrenic patients. Cerebral venticular size was significantly larger in the manic and schizophrenic patients compared to the control group. There was no difference in cerebral ventricular size between the manic and schizophrenic groups, suggesting that cerebral ventricular enlargement may be a nonspecific neuroanatomical correlate of psychotic disorders.
SLAC modulator system improvements and reliability results

In 1995, an improvement project was completed on the 244 klystron modulators in the linear accelerator. This article offers project details and their resulting effect on modulator and component reliability. Prior to the project, we had collected four operating cycles (1991 through 1995) of MTTF data. In this discussion, the '91 data will be excluded since the modulators operated at 60 Hz. The five periods following the '91 run were reviewed due to the common repetition rate at 120 Hz.
Satellite radio diversity antenna systems

Most of the luxury vehicles utilize composite body with no metallic roof, which, in turn, necessitates the use of non-traditional antenna systems and mounting locations. On the other hand, a single SDAR antenna at a sub-optimal location is very unlikely to satisfy system requirements. Multiple antennas in a diversity setting offer a favorable solution for such cases. Two independent antennas combined at the receiver is the focus of this study. The antennas are implemented on two different composite body vehicles, and passive antenna range measurements as well as ride-data reveal that the diversity antenna system has a superb reception quality
Improved quantification of myocardial blood flow using highly constrained back projection reconstruction.

Purpose To improve quantification of myocardial blood flow using a fast T1 mapping technique using highly constrained back projection reconstruction (HYPR)-accelerated acquisition. Methods A major source of error in the measurement of myocardial blood flow (MBF) using MRI is the nonlinear relationship between image signal intensity and contrast agent (CA) concentration. HYPR-accelerated radial acquisition was used to generate pixel-wise T1 maps with a temporal resolution of one heartbeat. HYPR produces images with a temporal footprint of 40 ms and four images within 188 ms. T1 values were converted into CA concentrations by the known linear relationship between CA concentration and T1. The T1 mapping technique was used to quantify MBF in 10 healthy subjects and compared with MBF found using image signal intensity as well as MBF reported in the literature. Results The MBF measured using the proposed method was more consistent with that previously reported in the literature and was significantly lower (P = 0.002) than that calculated using image signal intensity (1.11 ± 0.27 mL/min/g versus 1.88 ± 0.45 mL/min/g, respectively). Conclusion We developed a fast T1 mapping method for MBF quantification using radial sampling and HYPR. Further validation is required to determine its clinical value in assessing myocardial perfusion deficit in coronary artery disease. Magn Reson Med 72:749–755, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteomics of microparticles after deep venous thrombosis

Background Microparticles (MP) are submicron size membrane vesicles released from activated cells that are associated with thrombosis and inflammation. MP present diverse biological expressions that may be linked to a unique subset of proteins derived from their origin cells.
H-Comp: A program to calculate information complexity

Scott’s (1969)H is a statistic that represents the number of independent dimensions in a set of binary (1,0) data.H has been used by personality and social psychologists to measure the complexity of thought people have about themselves (self-complexity) and about other people. This article describesH-Comp, a program that calculatesH. Using data input from either the keyboard or from an ASCII data file,H-Comp calculatesH and writes the resulting score and raw data to output files.H-Comp provides an accurate and efficient way to calculateH.
TMS320C8x family architecture and future roadmap

The TMS320C8x family of Digital Signal Processors (DSP) incorporate multiple, high performance, fully programmable, processors onto a single CMOS die. The 320C80 has four 16/32-bit integer DSP CPUs, a 32-bit Floating Points RISC processor, 50 K bytes of SRAM, and a crossbar bus that can support over 4 Gigabytes of bandwidth. The 320C82 includes two of the integer DSPs, the RISC processor, 44 K bytes of SRAM, and a crossbar bus that can sustain over 2.6 Gigabytes of bandwidth per second. The C8x devices have special features that support general signal processing, telecommunication processing, and image processing. In addition to integrating multiple processors, the architecture includes on-chip Data RAM and instruction caches, as well as a very intelligent DMA controller, that support very high performance applications using lower cost off-chip memory. This paper concludes with a brief discussion of some of the future directions for this family of processors.
Representation of Integers by Positive Definite Binary Hermitian Lattices over Imaginary Quadratic Fields

Abstract Let L be a positive definite binary integral hermitian lattice over an imaginary quadratic field, and let E ( L ) denote the number of integers (possibly infinite) which are represented by all localizations of L but not by L itself. It is shown that E ( L ) tends to infinity as the volume of L tends to infinity in an appropriate sense.
Juvenile hormone inhibits differentiation of olfactory sense organs during postembryonic development of cockroaches.

Abstract The density of olfactory sense organs on the antenna of the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae, is relatively constant throughout larval development (average 400 sensilla/mm2), but undergoes a substantial increase at the adult state (to about 620 sensilla/mm2). Experimental manipulations of juvenile hormone (JH) activity result in either supernumerary larval instars (induced by unilaterla antennectomy or addition of exogenous JH), or premature adulthood (induced by allatectomy). The density of antennal sensilla remains at the larval level during the extra instars, but increases to the adult level or surpasses it at the terminal ecdysis following the induction of extra instars. Adultoids resulting from allatectomized sixth instars also have the high density of antennal olfactory sensilla characteristic of the normal adult. These data suggest that an interplay of surface area effects and an inhibitory action of JH controls the pattern of postembryonic development of antennal olfactory sensilla. Limited behavioural observations of the insects resulting from these experiments are consistent with the hypothesis that sex attractant-specific olfactory receptors appear only at the adult stage. However, electrophysiological data will be needed to confirm or negate this hypothesis.
Is longevity inherited

Abstract 457 consecutive medical patients 40 yr and over were studied to determine whether longevity was inherited. Pearson r, Kendall τ and t-tests showed positive correlations between age of parent at death and age of patient—the older the patient the more likely parents were older at death. This correlated at 0.295 Pearson r (p Such correlations could alter the variance in any given outcome study, which did not take into account parents' ages at death, by 5.3–8.7%. Such an oversight might be a deciding factor in establishing significance levels at the p
Wireless integration of tactile sensing on the hand of a humanoid robot NAO

The new-generation humanoid robots, such as the NAO robot made by Aldebaran Robotics, are characterized by autonomous learning and close interaction with the environment including humans. While equipped with advanced vision and audio features including object and face recognition, speech recognition, sound source recognition, speech synthesis, etc., the NAO robot's tactile sensing is limited to several buttons that can be used to trigger associated actions. This paper presents the wireless integration of tactile sensing on the hand of a NAO robot. Without any replacement or modification of its existing hardware, the add-on allows the NAO robot to differentiate objects with similar size, color and shape but different weight, stiffness, or texture.
The Mean Life for the Mercury Spark Spectrum

By using the method previously described by the writer for measuring the average life of excited ions, a mean life of 9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ and 8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ seconds was found for the 3114 and 2572 lines, respectively, of Hg IV, 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$, 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ and 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ seconds for the 3090, 3312 and 4797 lines respectively of Hg III. The prominent lines of Hg II are estimated to have a mean life of the order of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ seconds. These results indicate that the greater the charge of the ion producing the line the longer the mean life. The formula derived for determining the mean life is discussed and experimental results are given which agree quite satisfactorily with the theory developed for measuring the mean life. Intensity-current relations of the spark lines show that they are produced as the result of single electron collisions, which substantiates the assumptions made in the above theory. It is pointed out that lines due to electrons jumping from the same energy level should have the same mean life regardless of the level to which the electrons may jump. The above lines have not been classified so a correlation between the electron transitions and mean lives cannot at present be made.
Interaction of uridine 5'-diphosphoglucuronic acid with microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in primate liver: the facilitating role of uridine 5'-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine.

Cytosolic uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid is the essential cosubstrate for all hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-mediated reactions. Uridine 5′-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) has been implicated as an activator of UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in vivo, acting either as an allosteric effector or by enhancing access of uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid to the enzyme. To delineate the interaction of uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid with microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and the facilitating role of UDP-GlcNAc, we analyzed bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase kinetics in microsomes prepared from monkey liver (Macaca fascicularis). Initial rates of bilirubin glucuronide formation were determined by radiochemical assay over a range of uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid concentrations (0–60 mM), in native microsomes with or without UDP-GlcNAc, or in detergent (digitonin)-pretreated membranes with UDP-GlcNAc. For native microsomes in the absence of UDP-GlcNAc, fitting the data to each of two mathematical models yielded behavior consistent with a single-site model (Km 2.8 mM). In contrast, in the presence of a physiologic concentration (1 mM) of UDP-GlcNAc, analysis of the data excluded the single-site model and was indicative of a non-interactive, two-site (or process) model, characterized by a high-affinity site (Km 0.14 mM) in addition to the low-affinity site. Following detergent-treatment of microsomal membranes, the data were again most consistent with a single low-affinity site. These findings demonstrate that UDP-GlcNAc enhances glucuronidation in primate liver, by altering the kinetic interaction of uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (i.e., emergence of a second, high-affinity site), and are compatible with the hypothesis that UDP-GlcNAc facilitates the transport of uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid from the cytosol to the enzyme via a microsomal membrane permease or transporter.
Testing implications of data dependencies

We present a computation method---the chase---for testing implication of data dependencies by a set of data dependencies. The chase operates on tableaux similar to those of Aho, Sagiv, and Ullman. The chase includes previous tableau computation methods as special cases. By interpreting tableaux alternately as mappings or as templates for instances, we can test implication of functional and join dependencies. This information is useful in determining when a relational database scheme accurately represents the information it is intended to. The chase can also be used to test equivalence of database schemes and as part of the test of whether the relation schemes in a database scheme are independent components.
An additional physical interpretation in the Luneburg-Kline expansion

The Luneburg-Kline (LK) expansion provides an asymptotic representation of the reflected field from a smooth surface in inverse powers of k. The physical interpretation of the first term in the expansion has long been recognized. The physical significance of the second term is suggested here. Through analysis of the expansion for a parabolic, circular, and elliptic cylinders, further geometric information is seen other than the radius of curvature at the specular point. The other geometric information is the distance between the specular point and the incident shadow boundary.
Intrinsic Religiousness and Spirituality as Predictors of Mental Health and Positive Psychological Functioning in Latter-Day Saint Adolescents and Young Adults

We investigated the relationships between religiousness and spirituality and various indicators of mental health and positive psychosocial functioning in three separate samples of college students. A total of 898 students at Brigham Young University participated in the three studies. The students ranged in age from 17 to 26 years old, with the average age of 20.9 across all three samples. Our results indicate that intrinsic religiousness, spiritual maturity, and self-transcendence were significantly predictive of better mental health and positive functioning, including lower levels of depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsiveness, and higher levels of global self-esteem, identity integration, moral self-approval, and meaning in life. Intrinsic religiousness was not predictive of shame, perfectionism, and eating disorder symptoms. These findings are consistent with many prior studies that have found religiousness and spirituality to be positively associated with better mental health and positive psychosocial functioning in adolescents and young adults.