cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Negative-ion photoelectron spectroscopy of CH3S−

Abstract A 364-nm negative-ion photoelectron spectrum of CH3S− has been recorded. The electron affinity is 1.867±0.004 eV. Well-resolved vibrational structure has been observed such that the C–S symmetric stretch and the C–H symmetric stretch have been measured at 725±15 cm−1 and 1260±30 cm−1, respectively. The spin–orbit splitting is reported at 265±15 cm−1. The large spin–orbit splitting quenches the Jahn–Teller modes seen in the analogous radicals, CH3O and CF3S.
Theory of soil compaction by running bodies of mountain tandem-wheeled self-propelled chassis

Abstract The theory of soil compaction by running bodies of mountain tandem-wheeled self-propelled chassis is developed. Proceeding from the soil rheological properties and parameters of adaptive mountain tandem-wheeled self-propelled chassis in the deformation distribution zone is defined functional dependency between soil average density and running parts of tandem-wheeled self-propelled chassis. Is developed the technique of calculation of all physical values that are stipulated due standard for assessment of running system's parameters impact on ground. Due these parameters is stated the comparison of experimental and serial self-propelled chassis.
Prematurity Affects Age of Presentation of Pyloric Stenosis

Term infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) typically present between 4 and 6 weeks. There is limited consensus, however, regarding age of presentation of premature infants. We aim to determine if there is an association between the degree of prematurity and chronological age of presentation of HPS. A total of 2988 infants who had undergone a pyloromyotomy for HPS were identified from the 2012 and 2013 NSQIP-P Participant Use Files. Two hundred seventeen infants (7.3%) were born prematurely. A greater degree of prematurity was associated with an older chronological age of presentation ( P < .0001). Prematurity was significantly associated with an increase in overall postoperative morbidity, reintubation, readmission, and postoperative length of stay. When clinicians evaluate an infant with nonbilious emesis with a history of prematurity, they should consider pyloric stenosis if the calculated postconceptional age is between 44 and 50 weeks. When counseling families of premature infants, surgeons should discuss the increased incidence of postpyloromyotomy morbidity.
Isolating virus of encephalitis with muti-cells and micro-plate method

Objective Isolating virus from cerebrospinal fluids applying multi-cells and micro-plate method to build a simple and convenient method to initial screen virus.Method Collect 46 cerebrospinal fluids(CSF)from the viral encephalitis cases and isolate virus applying 4 cells in 96-well-microplate.The culture obtained were amplified with intestinal virus universal primer RT-PCR and identified preliminarily.Results 11 strains were isolated from 46 specimens,and 3 strains were amplified using consensus primers for enterovirus.Conclusions Multi-cells and micro-plate method was a convenient,simple and better method for initial screen virus.
An Initial Investigation of the Use of Comparative Referents to Assess Social Anxiety

Abstract. The current study examined the validity of two self-report measures of social anxiety constructed using social comparative referent points. It was hypothesized that these comparison measures would be both reliable and valid. Results indicated that two different comparative versions – one invoking injunctive norms and another invoking descriptive norms – showed good reliability, excellent internal consistency, and acceptable convergent and discriminant validity. The comparative measures also predicted positive functioning, some aspects of social quality of life, and social anxiety as measured by an independent self-report. These findings suggest that adding a comparative reference point to instructions on social anxiety measures may aid in the assessment of social anxiety.
An Optimization Approach to Services Sales Forecasting in a Multi-staged Sales Pipeline

Services organization manage a pipeline of sales opportunities with variable enterprise sales engagement lifespan, maturity levels (belonging to progressive sales stages), and contract values at any given point in time. Accurate forecasting of contract signings by the end of a time period (e.g., a quarter) is a desire for many services organizations in order to get an accurate projection of incoming revenues, and to provide support for delivery planning, resource allocation, budgeting, and effective sales opportunity management. While the problem of sales forecasting has been investigated in its generic context, sales forecasting for services organizations entails the consideration of additional complexities, which has not been thoroughly investigated: (i) considering opportunities in multi-staged sales pipeline, which means providing stage-specific treatment of sales opportunities in each group, and (ii) using the information of the current pipeline build-up, as well as the projection of the pipeline growth over the remaining time period before the end of the target time period in order to make predictions. In this paper, we formulate this problem, considering the service-specific context, as a machine learning problem over the set of historical services sales data. We introduce a novel optimization approach for finding the optimized weights of a sales forecasting function. The objective value of our optimization model minimizes the average error rates for predicting sales based on two factors of conversion rates and growth factors for any given point in time in a sales period over historical data. Our model also optimally determines the number of historical periods that should be used in the machine learning framework to predict the future revenue. We have evaluated the presented method, and the results demonstrate superior performance (in terms of absolute and relative errors) compared to a baseline state of the art method.
Resistance of Acid-Adapted Salmonellae to Organic Acid Rinses on Beef †.

Four strains of salmonellae, including three bovine isolates and an ATCC strain, were adapted to growth in acidic conditions by sequential transfer in tryptic soy broth with reduced pH values. The cultures were transferred until good growth (approximately log 10 7 CFU/ml) was obtained within 24 h at 37°C at pH 5.0. Lean beef tissue was inoculated by immersion into either the acid-adapted or the homologous parent strain of each bacterium. The inoculated tissue was rinsed for 10 s in 1.5% or 3.0% lactic acid solutions at 23°C or 55°C. Reductions in bacterial populations were compared between the parent and acid-adapted strains to determine if the acid-adapted strains were more resistant to the organic acid rinses. Acid-adapted strains had either equal or greater sensitivity to organic acid rinses than their homologous parent strains, indicating that acid adaptation did not result in bacteria which were resistant to organic acid rinses. Acid-adapted strains had significantly lower D 55°C -values than their homologous parent strains.
Comment: Genotype-phenotype correlation with CRISPR-Cas9-: Bedside to bench.

Technological improvements and decreasing costs have led to increased use of next-generation sequencing as an a priori approach to clinical diagnosis. This approach lends itself to important discoveries of novel genotypic etiologies and phenotypic associations.
Some remarks on interpolation and best approximation

Sufficient conditions are provided for establishing equivalence between best approximation error and projection/interpolation error in finite-dimensional vector spaces for general (semi)norms. The results are applied to several standard finite element spaces, modes of interpolation and (semi)norms, and a numerical study of the dependence on polynomial degree of constants appearing in our estimates is provided.
Can the Persistent Seed Bank Contribute to the Passive Restoration of Urban Forest Fragments After Invasive Species Removal

Urban forest fragments are vulnerable to invasion by non-native species, and invaded forests are increasingly targeted for invasive species removals. Our goal was to determine the extent to which persistent seed banks can contribute to the recruitment of native forest species into urban forest fragments from which invasive plant species have been removed. In a greenhouse, we germinated seeds from soil samples from three forest fragments in Portland, Oregon, US. All sites had been invaded by Hedera hibernica (Irish ivy) and H. helix (English ivy), Clematis vitalba (virgin's bower), Ilex aquifolium (English holly), and Prunus laurocerasus (English laurel). At one site, these species had been removed three years prior to our study. Emergents represented 53 taxa, classified as: native forest species, native non-forest species, and non-native species. We observed few native forest species (5–12/site); 29–83% of samples contained these species, at median densities of 0–2 seeds/sample/site. Non-native species were more diverse (12–17/site), more frequent (75–89% of samples), and denser (median = 2–5 seeds/sample/site). Clematis vitalba seeds were especially abundant. Invasive removal had little effect on the persistent seed bank; however, the least-invaded site had the highest richness, frequency, and density of native forest species. The low richness and abundance of native forest species is not necessarily a concern, because many forest species do not form persistent seed banks. The annual seed rain can regenerate native species whose density has been diminished by invasive plant species and their removal. However, managers wishing to restore absent species should plan to follow removal efforts with active revegetation.
Note on unique Nash equilibrium in continuous games

Abstract This note studies whether any set of finitely supported mixed strategies can be represented as the unique Nash equilibrium of a game. This note shows that if strategy spaces are metric spaces containing infinitely many points, then any set of finitely supported mixed strategies can be represented as the unique Nash equilibrium to a separable game. If the strategy spaces are additionally subsets of Euclidean space with infinitely many cluster points, then any set of finitely supported mixed strategies can be represented as the unique Nash equilibrium to a polynomial game.
Bioinspired, Size-Tunable Self-Assembly of Polymer-Lipid Bilayer Nanodiscs.

Polymer-based nanodiscs are valuable tools in biomedical research that can offer a detergent-free solubilization of membrane proteins maintaining their native lipid environment. Herein, we introduce a novel ca. 1.6 kDa SMA-based polymer with styrene:maleic acid moieties that can form nanodiscs containing a planar lipid bilayer which are useful to reconstitute membrane proteins for structural and functional studies. The physicochemical properties and the mechanism of formation of polymer-based nanodiscs are characterized by light scattering, NMR, FT-IR, and TEM. A remarkable feature is that nanodiscs of different sizes, from nanometer to sub-micrometer diameter, can be produced by varying the lipid-to-polymer ratio. The small-size nanodiscs (up to ca. 30 nm diameter) can be used for solution NMR spectroscopy studies whereas the magnetic-alignment of macro-nanodiscs (diameter of > ca. 40 nm) can be exploited for solid-state NMR studies on membrane proteins.
Oxygen sensing in the brain--invited article.

Carotid body arterial chemoreceptors are essential for a normal hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) and ventilatory acclimatization to hypoxia (VAH). However, recent results show that O2-sensing in the brain is involved in these responses also. O2-sensing in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, the posterior hypothalamus, the pre-Botzinger complex and the nucleus tractus solitarius contribute to the acute HVR. Chronic hypoxia causes plasticity in the brain that contributes to VAH and represents another time domain of central O2-sensing. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of acute O2-sensing in the brain remain to be determined but they appear to involve O2-sensitive ion channels and heme oxygenase-2, which acts by a different mechanism than has been described for the carotid body. It is not known if plasticity in such mechanisms of acute central O2-sensitivity contributes to VAH. However, O2-sensitive changes in gene expression in the brain do contribute to VAH and demonstrate another mechanism of O2-sensing that is important for ventilatory control. This time domain of O2-sensing in the brain involves gene expression under the control of hypoxia inducible factor-1± (HIF-1± and potentially several HIF-1± targets, such as erythropoietin, endothelin-1, heme oxygenase and tyrosine hydroxylase.
CO2 Reduction Pathways on MnBr(N-C)(CO)3 Electrocatalysts

MnBr(N-ethyl-N′-2-pyridylimidazol-2-ylidine)(CO)3 reduces CO2 to CO in the absence of strong acids. Herein, we employ density functional theory and domain based local pair natural orbital coupled cluster theory to perform the first mapping of the catalytic pathway for this catalyst and various derivatives. The benzimidazole-containing derivative proceeds along the same pathway as its parent complex, but with an increased barrier to H+ reduction. The phenolated complex shows barrierless CO2 addition to the activated catalyst and facile C–O bond cleavage. All species exhibit a novel pyridine dissociation upon one-electron reduction of the tetracarbonyl species, but the active tricarbonyl catalysts can be regenerated with a small barrier. This novel step in the pathway presents a further consideration in the design of catalysts and provides insight into the potential degradation pathways of this catalyst.
Evaluation of supercapacitors for space applications under thermal vacuum conditions

Abstract Commercially available supercapacitor cells from three separate vendors were evaluated for use in a space environment using thermal vacuum (Tvac) testing. Standard commercial cells are not hermetically sealed, but feature crimp or double seam seals between the header and the can, which may not maintain an adequate seal under vacuum. Cells were placed in a small vacuum chamber, and cycled between three separate temperature set points. Charging and discharging of cells was executed following each temperature soak, to confirm there was no significant impact on performance. A final electrical performance check, visual inspection and mass check following testing were also performed, to confirm the integrity of the cells had not been compromised during exposure to thermal cycling under vacuum. All cells tested were found to survive this testing protocol and exhibited no significant impact on electrical performance.
Intermediate Carboranes: Seven- to Nine-Vertex Clusters

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure, properties, synthesis, and chemistry of intermediate size carboranes including seven-, eight-, and nine-vertex clusters. Most carboranes in the 7-to-11-vertex range are prepared by degradation of larger clusters, by reductive cage-opening of closo species, or via insertion of boron or carbon into smaller cages (polyhedral expansion). The only known and characterized open-cage 7-vertex carboranes are the nido-3,4-C2B5H8 anion, and several C- and B-substituted derivatives. At present the known 7-vertex monocarbon carboranes are closo-2-CB6H7-, its neutral protonated form 2-CB6H8, and its 4,5-diiodo, and C-phenyl derivatives that are obtained by cage-degradation of nido-1-CB8H12 and arachno-4-PhCB8H13, respectively. Among the 8-vertex open clusters (open-cage CB7 carboranes) that have been explored theoretically, the only characterized examples are arachno-4-CB7H13 and its CB7H10Me2- derivative both prepared by degradation of larger cages. The closo-carbaoctaborane(1-) anion can be obtained via boron extraction from nido-1-CB8H12 or arachno-4-CB8H12-6-L adducts. Among the 9-vertex closo clusters, closo-4-CB8H9– anion has been obtained via several routes: pyrolysis of nido-6-CB9H12– or arachno-6-CB9H14– at 221oC, and oxidation of nido-1-CB8H12 with iodine in the presence of Et3N as a proton scavenger. Closo-4,5-dicarbanonaborane, the only known C2B7H9 isomer, and its C-methyl and C-phenyl derivatives were first prepared by pyrolyzing arachno-6,8-RC2B7H12 (R = H, Me, Ph).
Angel Investing: Changing Strategies During Volatile Times

Changing conditions in the angel market offer a unique opportunity to further knowledge and understanding about angel investing in the US during times of economic volatility. To identify trends in the angel market, this research examines changes in characteristics and investment behavior during a time of market expansion and contraction (2000 to 2001). While business angels remain the leading source of seed capital for business ventures, depressed yield rates and increased due diligence indicate that investors are retreating to more fundamental approaches.
Epidemiology and Mechanism of Injury

The incidence of hip fracture varies substantially from country to country. Table 2.1 summarizes hip fracture incidence by age, sex, and region. The lowest incidence, 5.6 per 100,000, has been documented among the South African Bantus.1 A study in Spain reported an incidence of 27 per 100,000,2 whereas an incidence of 31.5 cases per 100,000 has been reported in Hong Kong.3 The incidence in England has been reported as 43 per 100,000.4 In Sweden, the incidence of hip fractures is 69.6 per 100,000,5 while in the United States, it is approximately 80 per 100,000.6
Design of biofuel supply chains under uncertainty with multiobjective stochastic programming models and decomposition algorithm

Abstract In this paper, a bi-criterion, multi-period, stochastic mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed to address the optimal design and planning of hydrocarbon biorefinery supply chains under supply and demand uncertainties. The model accounts for diverse conversion technologies, feedstock seasonality and fluctuation, geographical diversity, biomass degradation, demand variation, government incentives and risk management. The objective is simultaneous minimization of the expected annualized cost and the financial risk which is measured by conditional value-at-risk and downside risk. The model determines the optimal network design, technology selection, capital investment, production planning, and logistics management decisions. Multi-cut L-shaped decomposition approach is implemented to circumvent the computational burden of solving large scale problems. The proposed modeling framework and algorithm are illustrated through two case studies of hydrocarbon biorefinery supply chain for the State of Illinois.
A descriptive study of bathing practices in acute care facilities in the United States.

Background Patient bathing basins are a potential source of health care–acquired infections. This descriptive study was designed to describe current patient bathing procedures and the cleaning and storage of disposable bath basins after use. Methods After instrument validation, a 20-item questionnaire designed by the researchers was delivered electronically to infection prevention professionals working in acute care facilities in the United States. Descriptive statistics including frequencies and percentages were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 344 participants completed the survey. Of those responding, most were employed in facilities with ≤300 beds and accredited by the Joint Commission. Many of the facility staff assisting patients with bathing were nursing aides. Participants reported varying bathing procedures in their facilities. Conclusions A collaborative approach is needed to ensure standard and efficient procedures that focus on quality, safety, and patient satisfaction. A mechanism to continually evaluate patient bathing practices should also be developed to address evolving changes in the health care system.
E-067 Artificial neural networks for detection of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages

Background In recent years machine learning has rapidly evolved and found applications in a wide variety of health care tasks. Non contrasted head CTs are an important screening tool for detecting intracranial hemorrhages when patients present to the emergency room. We report our experience with training a neural network to predict the presence of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages, specifically intraparenchymal, subarachnoid, and intraventricular hemorrhages. Methods Non contrasted head CTs of patients with suspicion for acute ischemic stroke were obtained. A 3 dimensional convolutional network was constructed with a wide residual network configuration. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, ROC and AUC values were calculated on validation data, which was separate from training data. Results A total of 203 head CTs were reviewed. There were 75 (37%) studies on which there was no hemorrhage. The remaining studies contained intraparenchymal, subarachnoid, and intraventricular hemorrhages, in many cases with overlap between classes. Accuracy on validation data was 0.905 on validation data, with a sensitivity of 0.846 and specificity of 1. The AUC, calculated from the ROC curve, was 0.92. Conclusion The field of machine learning, powered by convolutional neural networks for the task of image recognition and processing, has quickly developed in recent years. We have constructed an artificial neural network that can identify the presence of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages non contrasted head CT imaging. Disclosures J. Vargas: 1; C; NVIDIA. 4; C; NVIDIA. A. Spiotta: None. A. Chatterjee: 2; C; Viz.
Supporting Accountability and Compliance While Nurturing Creativity: A Nonprofit Board Governance Challenge

This paper presents a model for nonprofit board structure that supports the responsibilities of accountability and creativity that challenge board member governance. Undo focus on required accountability can encourage the development of risk-adverse boards that fail to respond to the innovation needed to solve mission-centric social problems and that fail to keep pace with an ever-changing fiscal environment. Thus, this paper identifies components of a board structure model that enhances nonprofit board functionality in the current environment. This proposal includes scholarly support for the model, and suggestions and a call for further discussion aimed at the use and adaptation of the model in practice and in the classroom. Subscribe to JNEL
Lining up for quality control: linear ubiquitin and proteotoxicity.

The post‐translational modification of proteins with linear ubiquitin (Ub) has previously been shown to be important for regulating inflammatory and immunological signaling in response to cellular pathogens. However, other functions of linear Ub are currently poorly defined. In this issue of The EMBO Journal , van Well and colleagues define a new role for linear Ub in regulating the intracellular stability and proteotoxicity of protein aggregates implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. This work provides new insights into the pathologic and potential therapeutic implications for linear Ub in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
Ferromagnetic Damping/Anti-damping in a Periodic 2D Helical Surface; A Nonequilibrium Keldysh Green Function Approach

In this paper, we investigate theoretically the spin–orbit torque (SOT) as well as the Gilbert damping for a two band model of a 2D helical surface state with a ferromagnetic (FM) exchange coupling. We decompose the density matrix into the Fermi sea and Fermi surface components and obtain their contributions to the electronic transport as well as the SOT. Furthermore, we obtain the expression for the Gilbert damping due to the surface state of a 3D topological insulator (TI) and predict its dependence on the direction of the magnetization precession axis.
Connecting Formal Science Classroom Learning to Community, Culture and Context in India

The perception of separation between school and home/community is related to diminished achievement in school and lack of motivation to learn STEM subjects. The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is among many research organisations that have strongly recommended that schools bridge the disconnect between school-based knowledge and learners’ everyday knowledge. We designed the SPIRALS (Supporting and Promoting Indigenous and Rural Adolescents’ Learning of Science) curriculum to bridge this gap between formal science and students’ everyday lives. SPIRALS helps students explore community-based practices to learn about science, environmental sustainability and systems thinking. We implemented the SPIRALS curriculum in a private, urban, English medium school in Western India with approximately 315 students and their four teachers, 214 (or 68%) of whom also participated in the research from which our conclusions are drawn. Our findings about program impacts rely upon analysis of interviews with teachers and students, as well as student work, and conference participation assessment surveys distributed after a capstone experience at which students present their work. This chapter describes our findings about how students learned science, environmental sustainability, and systems thinking through engagement with community-based practices. We also discuss the process of how the SPIRALS approach worked in India and how it could be expanded into a broader learning model across different socio-cultural contexts within India.
Management of Uveal Melanoma

About 3% of all melanomas are of ocular origin; of these, 85% are uveal. Uveal melanomas are rare, with standardized incidence rates ranging from approximately 2 to 8 cases per 1 million people in the United States and Europe. The typical presentation of uveal melanoma depends on the site of origin: choroid, iris, or ciliary body. About 80–90% of all uveal melanomas develop in the posterior choroid. Uveal melanoma is typically a clinical rather than a pathologic diagnosis. Currently, several options are available for the management of uveal melanoma, including observation, transpupillary thermotherapy, brachytherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, proton radiotherapy, and tumor resection.
Chapter VI – Parallel Plates

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses parallel plates duct geometry, which is a limiting geometry for the family of rectangular ducts and also for concentric annular ducts. The parallel plates duct is the geometry amenable to the simplest mathematical treatment, even more so than the circular duct. For most cases, parallel plates duct geometry forms an upper bound for fluid friction and heat transfer for the two duct classes. Steady state fully developed laminar flow of an incompressible fluid through a stationary circular or parallel plates duct is referred to as Poiseuille or Hagen–Poiseuille flow after Hagen and Poiseuille. The invariant velocity profile obtained for the Poiseuille flow is parabolic at any cross section of the duct.
Engaging Literacy Experiences in History Classrooms: A Multiple Case Study of Novice Teachers’ Beliefs and Practices

Content-area standards foreground the importance of reading and writing across the disciplines. With this in mind, it is important to examine the beliefs and practices of teachers who successfully ...
The TrkA agonist gambogic amide augments skeletal adaptation to mechanical loading through actions on sensory nerves and osteoblasts

ABSTRACT The periosteal and endosteal surfaces of mature bone are densely innervated by sensory nerves expressing TrkA, the high-affinity receptor for nerve growth factor (NGF). In previous work, we demonstrated that administration of exogenous NGF significantly increased load-induced bone formation through the activation of Wnt signaling. However, the translational potential of NGF is limited by the induction of substantial mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia in mice and humans. Here, we tested the effect of gambogic amide (GA), a recently identified robust small molecule agonist for TrkA, on hyperalgesia and load-induced bone formation. Behavioral analysis was used to assess pain up to one week after axial forelimb compression. Contrary to our expectations, GA treatment was not associated with diminished use of the loaded forelimb or sensitivity to thermal stimulus. Furthermore, dynamic histomorphometry revealed a significant increase in relative periosteal bone formation rate as compared to vehicle treatment. Additionally, we found that GA treatment was associated with an increase in the number of osteoblasts per bone surface in loaded limbs as well as a significant upregulation of Wnt1, Wnt7b, and Ngf in loaded bones. To determine if these effects were exclusively mediated by NGF-TrkA signaling in sensory nerves, we cultured MC3T3-E1 cells for 7 or 14 days in osteogenic differentiation media containing NGF (50 ng/mL), GA (5, 50, or 500 nM), or vehicle (DMSO). After 7 days of culture, we observed increases in osteoblastic differentiation markers Runx2, Bglap2, and Sp7 in response to GA, whereas treatment with NGF was not different than vehicle. Only cells treated with the highest dose of GA (500 nM) had significantly impaired cell proliferation. In conclusion, our study indicates GA may be useful for augmenting skeletal adaptation to mechanical forces without inducing hyperalgesia through actions on both sensory nerves and osteoblasts.
Braiding Borders: Performance as Care and Resistance on the US-Mexico Border

Braiding Borders, a site-specific performance in which women from both Mexico and the US braided their hair together across the US-Mexico border, challenged exclusionary geopolitical demarcations a...
Refactoring biosynthetic gene clusters for heterologous production of microbial natural products

Microbial natural products (NPs) are of paramount importance in human medicine, animal health and plant crop protection. Large-scale microbial genome and metagenomic mining has revealed tremendous biosynthetic potential to produce new NPs. However a majority of NP biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) are functionally inaccessible under standard laboratory conditions. BGC refactoring and heterologous expression provide a promising synthetic biology approach to NP discovery, yield optimization and combinatorial biosynthesis studies. In this review, we summarize the recent advances pertaining to the heterologous production of bacterial and fungal NPs, with an emphasis on next-generation transcriptional regulatory modules, novel BGC refactoring techniques and optimized heterologous hosts.
A Fiber-Coupled Bias-Free Photoconductive Terahertz Source

We demonstrate a bias-free, fiber-coupled, telecommunication-compatible, photoconductive terahertz source that enables time domain terahertz spectroscopy with more than a 95 dB dynamic range and a 4 THz bandwidth.
The environmental context of inducible HSP70 expression in Eastern Brook Trout

Much research has focused on the population-level effects of climate change on Eastern Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). While some studies have considered here sub-lethal stress caused by warming waters, the role of multiple, interacting stressors remains largely unexplored. We used inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) as a molecular biomarker to assess in situ response of Eastern Brook Trout in headwater streams to multiple potential stressors, including temperature. Over 7 sampling events during 2018 and 2019, we sampled 141 fish and found that HSP70 expression and 3-day mean water temperature exhibited a quadratic relationship (R 2-adj = 0.68). Further analyses showed that HSP70 expression was explained by temperature, relative water level and their interaction (R 2-adj = 0.75), while fish size and capture location were not factors. We observed a significant increase in HSP70 expression during periods of low relative water level with warm temperatures (~18°C) and also during high relative water level with cold temperatures (~8°C). Our results suggest that temperatures at the edges of the preferred range coupled with relative water level might act together to trigger the cellular stress response in Eastern Brook Trout and that there is greater variation in response at colder temperatures. These findings reinforce the need to consider complex, interactive stressors in influencing the health and persistence of Eastern Brook Trout populations into the future.
Collaborators and Consultants

Your research project may require skills or materials that are not immediately available in your laboratory. In this case, a central question of reviewers will be whether you will have the capability to perform that work. This judgment will depend on your prior experience and track record. An effective way to address this concern, particularly if you are not a highly experienced investigator, is to enlist the aid of collaborators and/or consultants. These should be persons who are easily recognized as experts in a technique that you require, or who possess necessary materials (e.g., access to patient populations, particular monoclonal antibodies, etc.).
Left-Invariant Vector Fields

To recapitulate, a Lie group is a differentiable manifold with a group structure in which the multiplication and inversion maps G × G ⟶ G and G ⟶ G are smooth. A homomorphism of Lie groups is a group homomorphism that is also a smooth map.
Programmable Agents for Active Distributed Monitoring

The successful deployment of next-generation distributed systems is significantly dependent on the efficient management support that improves the performance and reliability of these applications at run-time. This paper motivates and describes a programmable agents approach for active monitoring as an important attribute for supporting scalable, highly-responsive and non-intrusive management architecture. Active monitoring enables defining re-configurable and self-directed management tasks that can be modified automatically at run-time in order to track the system behavior. Based on observed events and users' monitoring demands, monitoring agents can dynamically customize their assigned tasks and initiate the appropriate monitoring actions. This avoids activating unnecessary monitoring tasks and provides a dynamic monitoring operations. The presented system, which is referred to as HiFi, supports a comprehensive environment including code instrumentation, user subscription, event filtering and action service. The paper also shows monitoring examples that illustrates the application and the effectiveness of active monitoring in managing large-scale distributed systems.
Edema Mechanisms in the Heart Failure Patient and Treatment Options

The pathophysiology of sodium and water retention in heart failure is complex and marked by a unique interplay of hemodynamic and neurohumoral factors that evolve in tandem with progression of the underlying heart failure state. The sense of arterial underfilling signals the heart and prompts heart failure-related sodium and water retention. The level of neurohormonal activation, the scale of renal vasoconstriction, and the degree to which renal perfusion pressure is reduced arbitrate this process. When water retention exceeds that of sodium the end result is dilutional hyponatremia, which can present a particularly tricky treatment circumstance. The edema state can also moderate assorted aspects of the natriuretic response to diuretic therapy. The blunted response to diuretics in heart failure can also have disease-specific elements; however, diuretic response is more commonly influenced by the rate and extent of diuretic absorption, the time course of tubular delivery for a diuretic and loop diuretic-related hypertrophic structural changes localized to the distal tubule.
Local Preconditioning of the Euler Equations and its Numerical Applications.

In many problems of fluid dynamics the task is to obtain the steady flow pattern that results for large times. One way of finding such time-asymptotic solutions of the flow equations is to march in time from a suitable set of initial values, while applying the appropriate boundary conditions, until all time derivatives have become vanish-ingly small. Numerically this can be achieved, for instance, by applying an explicit finite-volume scheme over and over, until the residual has dropped below some small threshold value.
Plio‐Quaternary exhumation history of the central Nepalese Himalaya: 2. Thermokinematic and thermochronometer age prediction model

[1] In the Himalaya and other active convergent orogens, linear relationships between thermochronometer sample age and elevation are often used to estimate long-term exhumation rates. In these regions, high-relief topography and nonvertical exhumation pathways may invalidate such one-dimensional (1-D) interpretations and lead to significant errors. To quantify these errors, we integrate apatite fission track (AFT) ages from the central Himalaya with a 3-D coupled thermokinematic model, from which sample cooling ages are predicted using a cooling-rate-dependent algorithm. By changing the slip partitioning between faults near the Main Central thrust and the Main Frontal thrust system at the Himalayan range front, we are able to explore the significance of different tectonic scenarios on predicted thermochronometer ages. We find that the predicted AFT cooling ages are not sensitive to the different slip partitioning scenarios but depend strongly on erosion rate: Predicted ages are most consistent with kinematic models that produce erosion rates of 1.8–5.0 mm/yr. This range is considerably smaller than that derived from regression lines through the data (−2.6–12.2 mm/yr). The pattern of observed AFT ages shows more complexity than our models predict. None of the kinematic scenarios are able to fit >80% of all of the AFT data, most likely because erosion is spatially variable. Such complexities notwithstanding, we conclude that the use of thermokinematic modeling and thermochronologic data sets to explore detailed fault kinematics in rapidly eroding active orogens has great promise but requires integration of higher-temperature (>∼350°C) data sets to maximize effectiveness.
What is the complexity of a distributed computing system?: Research Articles

Distributed computing systems are becoming bigger and more complex. Although the complexity of large-scale distributed systems has been acknowledged to be an important challenge, there has not been much work in defining or measuring system complexity. Thus, today, it is difficult to compare the complexities of different systems, or to state that one system is easier to program, to manage, or to use than another. In this article, we try to understand the factors that cause computing systems to appear very complex to people. We define different aspects of system complexity and propose metrics for measuring these aspects. We also show how these aspects affect different kinds of people—viz. developers, administrators, and end-users. On the basis of the aspects and metrics of complexity that we identify, we propose general guidelines that can help reduce the complexity of systems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 12: 37–45, 2007 This paper was submitted as an invited paper resulting from the “Understanding Complex Systems” conference held at the University of Illinois–Urbana Champaign, May 2005
Using the Snatch and CrossFit Principles to Facilitate Fitness

This article explores a lead-up activity to the snatch that allows for safe participation by students of all ages and is suitable for an introductory CrossFit unit as part of a secondary physical education curriculum.
Migrated Essure permanent birth control device: Sonographic findings

We report a case of a migrated Essure permanent birth control device. The correct diagnosis was made on conventional two-dimensional and three-dimensional pelvic sonography 7 years after placement of the device when the patient presented with persistent right-sided pain. The 3-month post placement hysterosalpingogram had shown an appropriately occluded right fallopian tube but had overlooked the abnormal position of the right Essure device, which was too proximal and extending slightly in the uterine cavity.
Single-Locus Inheritance in the Tetraploid Treefrog Hyla versicolor with an Analysis of Expected Progeny Ratios in Tetraploid Organisms.

ABSTRACT The recently evolved autotetraploid frog, Hyla versicolor , was examined electrophoretically for evidence of genomic restructuring leading to diploidization. Loci were tested against the progeny ratios expected if inheritance was disomic vs . tetrasomic. Two loci ( Mpi and Sod-2 ) appeared to be inherited tetrasomically, one ( Mdh-2 ) appeared to be inherited disomically, and one ( Tpi ) appeared to be inherited disomically in one family and tetrasomically in another family, when tested conventionally against 1:2:1 and 1:4:1 segregation ratios. The minimum number of progeny required for this type of analysis for codominant alleles is shown to be 92. Progeny resulting from double reduction were observed, and the occurrence of a null allele class at Mpi was noted. A reexamination of expected progeny ratios in tetraploid organisms reveals that tetrasomic inheritance patterns cannot be predicted without adequate knowledge of the amount of crossing-over, the proportion of tetravalents vs . random bivalents that are formed, and the ratio and types of centromere segregation (alternate and adjacent) that occur from tetravalents in the species being studied. However, disomic inheritance can be unambiguously confirmed only by the production of all heteroallelic gametes from homobivalent, symmetrically heterozygous individuals. In addition, a method is described for estimating genecentromere distances using the ratio of progeny genotypes in certain crosses in tetraploid species.
The Caesar problem in its historical context: Mathematical background

The issues surrounding the Caesar problem are assumed to be inert as far as ongoing mathematics is concerned. This paper aims to correct this impression by spelling out the ways that, in their historical context, Frege's remarks would have had considerable resonance with work that other mathematicians such as Riemann and Dedekind were doing. The search for presentation-independent characterizations of objects and global definitions was seen as bound up with fundamental methodological questions in complex analysis and number theory.
Clinical Correlates of Ventricular and Sulcal Size on Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging of 3,301 Elderly People

To identify potential risk factors for and clinical manifestations of ventricular and sulcal enlargement on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 3,301 community-dwelling people 65 years or older without a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack underwent extensive standardized evaluations and MRI. In the multivariate model, increased age and white matter grade on MRI were the dominant risk factors for ventricular and sulcal grade. For ventricular grade, other than race, for which non-Blacks had higher grades, models for men and women shared no other factors. For sulcal grades, models for men and women shared variables reflecting cigarette smoking and diabetes. Clinical features were correlated more strongly with ventricular than sulcal grade and more strongly for women than men. Significant age-adjusted correlations between ventricular grade and the Digit-Symbol Substitution Test were found for men and women. Prospective studies will be needed to extend findings of this cross-sectional analysis.
Tuning Effect On Fluid Properties Estimated From AVO Inversion.

AVO seismic signatures present in seismic data could be affected by several factors; one of those is the tuning or thin-bed effect. We propose a methodology to infer from seismic amplitudes and fluid properties, the presence of thin bed effect. This methodology includes: forward modeling, normal incidence amplitude and gradient estimation using Zoeppritz’s equations, a method to obt ain P-S zero-offset reflectivities from acoustic impedances and AVO inversion techniques based on Biot-Gassmann theory.
Immunomodulatory action of levamisole--II. Enhancement of concanavalin A response by levamisole is associated with an oxidation degradation product of levamisole formed during lymphocyte culture.

Abstract Previously we determined that levamisole (LMS), when stored for a period of time, breaks down to three degradation products at neutral and alkaline pH. At low concentrations (10 −6 M), Product 1 inhibits the lymphocyte response to concanavalin A (Con A), Product 2 enhances the response and Product 3 has no effect. At higher concentrations (10 −5 M) all three products inhibit the response. To determine if these products are formed in culture media under culture conditions (e.g. in RPMI-1640 bicarbonate buffered medium, 37°C, pH 7.0–7.5, during a 72 h culture period), we added freshly prepared LMS solutions to culture media with and without lymphocytes present and maintained the pH at 7.0, 7.25 or 7.5 by varying the amount of CO 2 present. Periodically over a 72 h period, aliquots of the media were removed and analyzed for the presence of LMS and the three degradation products. Within 4 h, two of the degradation product began to form in culture media with or without lymphocytes present. Product No. 1, 3-(2-mercaptoethyl)-5- phenylimidazolidine-2-one or dl -2-oxy-3-(2-mercaptoethyl)-5-phenylimidazolidine (OMPI), which inhibits the lymphocyte response to concanavalin A (Con A) at concentrations above 0.4 μg/ml, was formed at pH 7.0, 7.25 and 7.5, but the compound did not reach inhibitory concentrations in the lymphocyte cultures during the 72 h culture period. Product No. 2, 6-phenyl-2,3-dihydroimidazo (2,1-b) thiazole, which enhances the Con A response between concentrations of 0.5 and 10 μg/ml, was detected at concentrations between 2.5 and 3.5 μg/ml at pH 7.25 and 7.5. Product 2 was not detected in cultures at pH 7.0 and subsequently when we cultured lymphocytes with freshly prepared LMS and maintained the pH at 7.0, no significant enhancement of the Con A response was observed. Product No. 3, bis [3-(2-oxo-5-phenylimidazolidin-1-yl)ethyl] disulfide was not detected in the culture media during the 72 h period. A solution of LMS which had been stored for 2 weeks in RPMI-1640 medium at 4°C (in which Product 2 was detected) significantly enhanced the Con A response of cells cultured at pH 7.0, while a similar LMS solution which had been stored for 2 weeks at a higher temperature, 37°C (which contained both Products 1 and 2), inhibited the response. The results indicate that the enhancement of the Con A response by LMS is primarily due to an oxidation product of LMS which is formed in small, but stimulatory amounts during the 72 h culture period and suggest that the varied results reported with LMS in cell culture (enhancement, no effect or inhibition) may be due to the formation of these stimulatory and inhibitory products, the relative concentration of which may vary depending upon the culture conditions used and/or the method of preparing and/or storing LMS solutions.
Probability methods in homogenization schemes for transport processes

Abstract Homogenization schemes (small mean free path or diffusion limit) for probabilistic transport processes are considered with attention focused on the underlying boundary layer processes. Some of the hypotheses and constructions necessary for the homogenization expansion are analyzed using the theory of ergodic Markov processes. In particular, Fredholm alternative type results and exponential decay estimates are obtained for the leading order operators in the expansion, thus justifying certain of the matching operations between the interior expansions and the boundary layer expansions.