cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the concepts of amae and the mother-group.

Notwithstanding Freud's (1921) early linkage of psychoanalytic group psychology with patriarchal themes (i.e., father-leader), more recent findings suggest that the regression in group behavior in general, and in group psychotherapy in particular, tends to evoke frequent maternal ideations. In this connection, this article points to a phenomenological relationship between the individual's universal need to be at one with the internalized mother, as exemplified in the Japanese concept of amae and that of the Mother-Group. With amae serving as an explanatory construct for the group members' interpersonal relations (i.e., identifications and transferences), the idea of the Mother-Group ties in with the group entity's simultaneous supportive functions (i.e., "we are all in the same boat") coupled with its role as a collective arena for the reactivation of unconscious wishes for the nurturing mother of early childhood. In linking a Japanese psychological concept with another, which was developed in the West, I am disproving Rudyard Kipling's often quoted assertion that "never the East and the West shall meet." I was encouraged in this task by Takeo Doi's written comment to me that the idea of the Mother-Group "certainly can be linked with that of Amae. For instance, when the group functions as the Mother-Group, you can say that the participants are experiencing Amae in one way or another" (T. Doi, Sept. 17, 1993, personal communication). In an extended sense, one hopes this essay might even serve to revive our interest in the interrupted well-known early collaboration of psychoanalysts and of anthropologists, which had begun to forge a way to connect personality formation with its cultural context (LeVine, 1974). The insufficient attention paid to the influence of cultural factors on attachment behavior was recently decried by Bretherton (1997).
Distributed and Robust Fair Optimization Applied to Virus Diffusion Control

This paper proposes three novel nonlinear, continuous-time, distributed algorithms to solve a class of fair resource allocation problems, which allow an interconnected group of operators to collectively minimize a global cost function subject to equality and inequality constraints. The proposed algorithms are designed to be robust so that temporary errors in communication or computation do not change their convergence to the equilibrium, and therefore, operators do not require global knowledge of the total resources in the network nor any specific initialization procedure. To analyze convergence of the algorithms, we use nonlinear analysis tools that exploit partial stability theory and nonsmooth Lyapunov analysis. We illustrate the applicability of our approach in connection to problems of virus spread minimization over computer and public networks. In simulation examples associated with virus spread minimization, we show that the virus elimination algorithms are asymptotically convergent and robust in the proposed sense.
Effect of Slow-Motion Loopfilms on the Learning of Golf

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of slow-motion loopfilms on the learning of golf. Two groups of beginning golf students were matched on the basis of a pre-test. The experimental group learned golf with the aid of explanation, demonstration, and slow-motion loopfilms, whereas the control group learned the skill with the aid of explanation and demonstration. Five scoring systems were evaluated, and findings indicated no significant differences between groups.
Prognosis and therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a highly variable clinical course that has guided treatment principles in as much as anti-leukemic therapy is reserved for patients with active disease. This heterogeneity is somewhat dissected by prognostic markers, many of which represent pathogenic mechanisms. Recently, the introduction of highly active targeted agents and maturing data on predictive markers may lead to more individualized therapeutic approaches. In this chapter, we review key prognostic markers, current and emerging therapy, and will attempt to outline a future “where the two may connect”.
Model reduction of uncertain complex dynamical systems

In this paper we consider the problem of finding a low dimensional approximate model for a discrete time Markov process. This problem is of particular interest in systems that exhibit a so-called metastable behavior, i.e. systems whose behavior is principally concentrated on a finite number of disjoint components of the state space. The developed approach is based on a proper orthogonal decomposition and, unlike most existing approaches, does not require the Markov chain to be reversible. An example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A Y-slot wideband circularly polarized antenna for non-contact health monitoring applications

The primary object of this paper is to investigate the polarization mismatch effects between transmitter and receiver antennas in noncontact monitoring applications. It is shown that circularly-polarized antennas have better performance compared to similar linearly-polarized ones in the presence of the human body. A novel y-slot wideband CP antenna is proposed. The antenna consists of a u-shaped feed, a y-slot, and a parasitic stub. Simulation results show a bandwidth of 82% (3–7.2 GHz) for VSWR<2:1 with a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 33% (4.6–6.4 GHz). The proposed antenna has a low profile with an overall size of 28 mm×28 mm×1.6 mm.
Multiple Myeloma and the Kidney

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematologic malignancy, and has renal involvement in up to 50% of cases. Patients with myeloma-related end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have a higher mortality rate ...
Polysubstance use among US women of reproductive age who use opioids for nonmedical reasons

Objectives. To determine the prevalence and patterns of polysubstance use among US reproductive-aged women who use opioids for nonmedical purposes.Methods. We used the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (2005–2014) data on female respondents aged 18 to 44 years reporting nonmedical opioid use in the past 30 days (unweighted n = 4498). We categorized patterns of polysubstance use in the past 30 days, including cigarettes, binge drinking, and other legal and illicit substances and reported prevalence adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment.Results. Of all women with nonmedical opioid use, 11% reported only opioid use. Polysubstance use was highest in non-Hispanic White women and women with lower educational attainment. The most frequently used other substances among women using opioids nonmedically were cigarettes (56.2% smoked > 5 cigarettes per day), binge drinking (49.7%), and marijuana (32.4%). Polysubstance use was similarly prevalent among pregnant women with nonmedical opioid...
Interest Rates and The Credit Crunch: New Formulas and Market Models

We start by describing the major changes that occurred in the quotes of market rates after the 2007 subprime mortgage crisis. We comment on their lost analogies and consistencies, and hint on a possible, simple way to formally reconcile them. We then show how to price interest rate swaps under the new market practice of using different curves for generating future LIBOR rates and for discounting cash flows. Straightforward modifications of the market formulas for caps and swaptions will also be derived. Finally, we will introduce a new LIBOR market model, which will be based on modeling the joint evolution of FRA rates and forward rates belonging to the discount curve. We will start by analyzing the basic lognormal case and then add stochastic volatility. The dynamics of FRA rates under different measures will be obtained and closed form formulas for caplets and swaptions derived in the lognormal and Heston (1993) cases. Alternative, and more recent, formulations of multi-curve LIBOR market models can be downloaded at: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1563685 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1583081
The Business Cycle and Capitalist Social Regulation: The Origins of Economic Government

This chapter explores the constitution of the economy as an object of government in the United States and Great Britain in the early twentieth century. Drawing on the work of Timothy Mitchell, Michel Callon, and Donald MacKenzie, it explores the interaction of economic ideas with economic structures. I contend that one of the keys to the governability of the economy was the elaboration of an intellectual architecture that focused on what have come to be known as “business cycles”. Of particular importance are the technocratic patterns of economic government consequent of the manner in which state intervention in the economy and its potential moral consequences on society were conceived in the early twentieth century. A return to this terrain can help critical sociologists better understand how economic government can be opened to alternative social and political projects.
The conundrum of opioid tapering in long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: A commentary.

Background In response to the opioid epidemic and new guidelines, many patients on high-dose long term opioid therapy (LTOT) for chronic pain are getting tapered off opioids. As a result, a unique clinical challenge is emerging: while many on LTOT have poor pain control, functional decline, psychiatric instability, aberrancies and misuse, these issues may often worsen with opioid tapering. Currently, a clear explanation and practical guidance on how to manage this perplexing clinical scenario is lacking. Methods We offer a commentary with our perspective on possible mechanisms involved in this clinical phenomena and offer practical management guidance, supported by available evidence. Results It is not well recognized that allostatic opponent process involved in development of opioid dependence can cause worsening pain, functional status, sleep and psychiatric symptoms over time, and significant fluctuation of pain and other affective symptoms due to their bidirectional dynamic interaction with opioid dependence ('affective dynamism'). These elements of complex persistent dependence (CPD), the grey area between simple dependence and addiction, can lead to escalating and labile opioid need, often generating aberrant behaviors. Opioid tapering, a seemingly logical intervention in this situation, may lead to worsening of pain, function and psychiatric symptoms due to development of protracted abstinence syndrome. We offer practicing clinicians management principles and practical guidance focused on management of CPD in addition to chronic pain in these difficult clinical scenarios. Conclusion Awareness of the science of the neuroplasticity effects of repeated use of opioids is necessary to better manage these patients with complex challenges.
Collective Action and Class Action

Over the past 25 years, class actions have emerged as a central feature of Canadian law. The conceptual heart of these class actions comes from the Ontario Law Reform Commission’s 1982 Report on Class Actions, particularly in common law Canada. Drawing on the experiences of the early-adopter provinces of Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia, the Report set out the objectives of the modern class action: judicial economy, access to justice, and behavior modification. The reasoning in the Ontario Report is insufficient to explain the need for class actions. The stated premises are all classic accounts of the lack of individual redress that require collective action. As such they form the classic argument for the state. Class actions are private sources of collective authority, even if formed pursuant to legal rules governing class certification. Put simply, if it is public goods we seek, why not use public authority to obtain them? This chapter addresses the question of the relation of private aggregation in relation to public authority. The discussion is illuminated by looking to the U.S. experience in this light, an experience that looms large in the Canadian debate.
Pancreatic cancer: Next-generation algorithms for neoantigen selection

Predicting clinical outcomes in cancer using neoantigen burden is imperfect because current algorithms use only the binding affinity of putative neoantigens to HLA. A new study models pancreatic tumour response through a deeper understanding of tumour immunology, providing new tools for identifying neoantigens and characteristics that define their quality.
Handing over the Keys: Nonprofit Economic Development Corporations and Their Implications for Accountability and Inclusion

Public organizations have explored service-delivery with nonprofit organizations to help alleviate the strain on their long-term fiscal sustainability. This interdependence has ramifications for fa...
Loss of RANKL in osteocytes dramatically increases cancellous bone mass in the osteogenesis imperfecta mouse (oim).

Abstract Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is characterized by osteopenia and bone fragility, and OI patients during growth often exhibit high bone turnover with the net result of low bone mass. Recent evidence shows that osteocytes significantly affect bone remodeling under physiological and pathological conditions through production of osteoclastogenic cytokines. The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) produced by osteocytes for example, is a critical mediator of bone loss caused by ovariectomy, low-calcium diet, unloading and glucocorticoid treatment. Because OI bone has increased density of osteocytes and these cells are embedded in matrix with abnormal type I collagen, we hypothesized that osteocyte-derived RANKL contributes to the OI bone phenotype. In this study, the conditional loss of RANKL in osteocytes in oim/oim mice (oim-RANKL-cKO) resulted in dramatically increased cancellous bone mass in both the femur and lumbar spine compared to oim/oim mice. Bone cortical thickness increased significantly only in spine but ultimate bone strength in the long bone and spine was minimally improved in oim-RANKL-cKO mice compared to oim/oim mice. Furthermore, unlike previous findings, we report that oim/oim mice do not exhibit high bone turnover suggesting that their low bone mass is likely due to defective bone formation and not increased bone resorption. The loss of osteocyte-derived RANKL further diminished parameters of formation in oim-RANKL-cKO. Our results indicate that osteocytes contribute significantly to the low bone mass observed in OI and the effect of loss of RANKL from these cells is similar to its systemic inhibition.
NMR Studies of Microscopic Sites of Protonation and Metal-Binding with Multidentate Complexing Agents

NMR techniques have been used to indicate the time-average location of protons on multidentate complexing agents. For example, a proton spends an equivalent time on each of the nitrogens in symmetrical compounds such as ethylenediamine, EDTA, EGTA, etc. This conclusion is reached from the fact that the chemical shifts of -CH2- protons adjacent to the N-ligand atom are equal. In a species such as DTPA (Y5- -), where the “middle” acetate -CH2- protons are distinguishable from the other four -CH2- acetate protons, the relative extent of chemical shifts downfield suggests that the first proton added (forming HY4-) spends more of its time on the central N-atom. After a second equivalent of acid has been added (forming H2Y3-), the middle acetate -CH2- proton peak shifts upfield, very close to the field at which it occurred for the completely non-protonated basic form (Y5-). The downfield shift of all the remaining acetate -CH2 - protons then shows that the H2Y3-species is chiefly protonated on the two end nitrogen atoms. Similar results have been obtained with the polyamines. Quantitative evaluation of the percent protonation of the various ligand atoms has been made through computer computations using substituent constants obtained from model compounds.
Osher Lifelong Learning Institute at the University of Montana: A Model of Successful University and Community Partnerships

This chapter provides the history of the Osher Lifelong Learning Institutes (OLLIs), university-based programs designed to promote personal growth and provide intellectually stimulating programs for those age 50 and older. The recent experience of the program at the University of Montana in Missoula is featured.
HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies: how full is the bottle?

Potent neutralizing antibodies protect monkeys from SHIV challenge, but will vaccines ever be able to elicit antibody responses this powerful? (pages 204−216)
Significance, Double Precision, Complex Numbers

Constants are stored in the computer's memory as binary digits. To highlight the way in which the contents of a word translate into decimal, this chapter describes the way to convert a binary number to a decimal number. In any number system, the largest digit that can be used in a number is the value of the base minus one. Therefore, the largest digit that can be used in the decimal system is nine. As the binary system uses two as its base, the largest digit that can be used in a binary number is one. Therefore, a binary number consists of zeros and ones. A maximum of approximately seven decimal digits can be used in writing a REAL constant on the IBM 360. The chapter explains why the maximum number of digits depends on the computer's hardware. A word that stores a REAL constant is subdivided into a sign bit, an exponent part, and a mantissa. The mantissa contains the fractional part of the REAL constant.
Preventive Services in a Medicare Managed Care Environment

The results of a four year demonstration project of preventive services for Medicare managed care enrollees suggest that health promotion programs can impact health behaviors and outcomes. The study provided selected preventive services to 1,800 Medicare enrollees in a managed care environment. Participants were randomly assigned to control and experimental groups with the experimental group receiving an intervention service package and the control group usual care. The results included enhanced health behavior practices, lower depression, and higher immunization rates among those individuals in the experimental group. This study suggests that selected preventive services can be provided in a managed care environment to Medicare enrollees with likely positive health status and utilization outcomes.
Removal and Remand - Beyond the Supplements

This is a compilation of case descriptions and citations to law review articles that complements the contents of the 2014 Pocket Parts to volumes 14B and C of the Wright & Miller treatise on Federal Practice and Procedure. It was put together by the author of those Pocket Parts. The cases described here either are not included at all in the 2014 volume 14B and C Pocket Parts or are cited there for different propositions than are reflected in this electronic publication. The cases that are included in this electronic compilation came to my attention between mid-October, 2012, and mid-October, 2013. This electronic compilation was prompted by the publisher’s decision to make the treatise more selective in describing new case developments, as the number of cases in this and many other areas of federal practice and procedure exploded.
Willingness to pay more for green products: The interplay of consumer characteristics and customer participation

Abstract The extant evidence evaluating consumers’ willingness to pay more for green products has been mixed. Existing investigations stem from an overemphasis on profiling consumers who are willing vs. unwilling to pay price premiums for green products using dispositional (socio-demographic and psychological) characteristics. However, little is known about what firm-initiated actions can be taken when consumers do not possess characteristics that favorably influence green purchase behaviors. This research demonstrates that customer participation improves consumers’ willingness to pay more even when consumers exhibit low sustainability-oriented motivation (environmental concern) and ability (eco-literacy). The findings are important for practitioners seeking practical ways to alleviate green purchase barriers.
Speech-in-Noise and Quality-of-Life Measures in School-Aged Children With Normal Hearing and With Unilateral Hearing Loss.

Objectives (1) Measure sentence recognition in co-located and spatially separated target and masker configurations in school-aged children with unilateral hearing loss (UHL) and with normal hearing (NH). (2) Compare self-reported hearing-related quality-of-life (QoL) scores in school-aged children with UHL and NH. Design Listeners were school-aged children (6 to 12 yrs) with permanent UHL (n = 41) or NH (n = 35) and adults with NH (n = 23). Sentence reception thresholds (SRTs) were measured using Hearing In Noise Test-Children sentences in quiet and in the presence of 2-talker child babble or a speech-shaped noise masker in target/masker spatial configurations: 0/0, 0/-60, 0/+60, or 0/±60 degrees azimuth. Maskers were presented at a fixed level of 55 dBA, while the level of the target sentences varied adaptively to estimate the SRT. Hearing-related QoL was measured using the Hearing Environments and Reflection on Quality of Life (HEAR-QL-26) questionnaire for child subjects. Results As a group, subjects with unaided UHL had higher (poorer) SRTs than age-matched peers with NH in all listening conditions. Effects of age, masker type, and spatial configuration of target and masker signals were found. Spatial release from masking was significantly reduced in conditions where the masker was directed toward UHL subjects' normal-hearing ear. Hearing-related QoL scores were significantly poorer in subjects with UHL compared to those with NH. Degree of UHL, as measured by four-frequency pure-tone average, was significantly correlated with SRTs only in the two conditions where the masker was directed towards subjects' normal-hearing ear, although the unaided Speech Intelligibility Index at 65 dB SPL was significantly correlated with SRTs in four conditions, some of which directed the masker to the impaired ear or both ears. Neither pure-tone average nor unaided Speech Intelligibility Index was correlated with QoL scores. Conclusions As a group, school-aged children with UHL showed substantial reductions in masked speech perception and hearing-related QoL, irrespective of sex, laterality of hearing loss, and degree of hearing loss. While some children demonstrated normal or near-normal performance in certain listening conditions, a disproportionate number of thresholds fell in the poorest decile of the NH data. These findings add to the growing literature challenging the past assumption that one ear is "good enough."
Advancing the Measurement of Personal Intelligence with the Test of Personal Intelligence, Version 5 (TOPI 5).

People use their personal intelligence (PI) to understand personality in themselves and others. In Studies 1 and 2 (Ns = 961 and 548), individuals completed the Test of Personal Intelligence, Version 5 (TOPI 5), which is introduced here. The TOPI 5 is an ability assessment with a broader range of content and more challenging items than earlier test versions. In past research, factor analyses indicated that people employ two distinct but highly correlated abilities to problem-solve in this area. These two-factor models, however, exhibited instabilities and limited applicability between the TOPI 4 and 5 in this research (and as reported in the Supplementary Materials). In Study 3, we successfully test the one-factor models of the TOPI with the present data and archival data sets (Narchival = 19,627). We then use the one-factor models to develop a pair of new test forms: one that is compatible with all the TOPI test versions and another, TOPI 5E, that is better at distinguishing among people scoring in the higher range of performance relative to previous measures.
Streamflow regimes and geologic conditions are more important than water temperature when projecting future crayfish distributions

Ongoing changes in climate are expected to alter current species’ habitat and potentially result in shifts in species distributions. While climatic conditions are important to a species’ ability to persist in an area, for many taxa, other environmental factors, such as geology, land cover, and topography, are also important for providing suitable habitat. Furthermore, aquatic species experience changes in climatic conditions through the effect precipitation and air temperature have on streamflow regimes and water temperature. In this study, species distribution models (SDMs) for ten stream-dwelling crayfish species were generated using a maximum entropy approach across the Mobile River Basin in the southeastern United States. SDMs were developed using model-generated contemporary estimates of streamflow and water temperature as well as geologic, topographic, and land cover data. Future distributions were then projected using global climate model (GCM) projections of streamflow and water temperature. Geology, topography, and streamflow appear to be more important predictors of suitable habitat than water temperature for crayfish species within the Mobile River Basin. Species distributions regulated by limited influences from stream flow and water temperature displayed relatively small changes in projected future habitat distributions based on various GCM scenarios. When shifts in species distributions were projected into the future, these shifts did not appear to follow a northward retreat or expansion, likely due to the limited impact of water temperature on the modeled distributions of suitable habitat for these species. Furthermore, species’ habitat distribution responses among future climate scenarios were variable within and among species and did not vary unidirectionally with increased severity of climate change as realized through increased warming patterns.
Alternative splicing of Nrcam gene in dorsal root ganglion contributes to neuropathic pain

NrCAM, a neuronal cell adhesion molecule in the L1 family of the immunoglobulin superfamily, is subjected to extensively alternative splicing and involved in neural development and some disorders. The aim of this study was to explore the role of Nrcam mRNA alternative splicing in neuropathic pain. A next generation RNA sequencing analysis of dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) showed the differential expression of two splicing variants of Nrcam, Nrcam+10 and Nrcam-10, in the injured DRG after the fourth lumbar spinal nerve ligation (SNL) in mice. SNL increased the exon 10 insertion, resulting in an increase in the amount of Nrcam+10 and a corresponding decrease in the level of Nrcam-10 in the injured DRG. An antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that specifically targeted exon 10 of Nrcam gene (Nrcam ASO) repressed RNA expression of Nrcam+10 and increased RNA expression of Nrcam-10 in in vitro DRG cell culture. Either DRG microinjection or intrathecal injection of Nrcam ASO attenuated SNL-induced the development of mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, or cold allodynia. Nrcam ASO also relieved SNL- or chronic compression of DRG (CCD)-induced the maintenance of pain hypersensitivities in male and female mice. PERSPECTIVE: We conclude that the relative levels of alternatively spliced Nrcam variants are critical for neuropathic pain genesis. Targeting Nrcam alternative splicing via the antisense oligonucleotides may be a new potential avenue in neuropathic pain management.
Transfer of Macromolecules Using Erythrocyte Ghosts

Microinjection using RBC ghosts is accomplished by first introducing molecules into RBCs during hypotonie hemolysis and then fusing the RBCs to cultured cells with Sendai virus or polyethylene glycol. In this manner molecules can be injected into large numbers of cultured cells within a short time. The method was developed several years ago in three laboratories (Furusawa et al., 1974; Schlegel and Rechsteiner, 1975; Loyter et al., 1975), and it has been used to study a variety of cellular, genetic, and biochemical problems. Since anyone reading this chapter probably has an application in mind, the text emphasizes methodology. Several articles are available which review previous applications and present a broader discussion of the technique (Kulka and Loyter, 1979; Furusawa, 1980). Those who wish to use RBC-mediated injection should consider microneedles or liposomes as alternate injection procedures. Each technique offers certain advantages and disadvantages, and these are briefly reviewed.
Receiving Electric Fields with a Rydberg Quantum Sensor

We experimentally and theoretically evaluate the performance of a quantum sensor based on Rydberg atoms across the entire radio-frequency spectrum from DC to 1 THz and make fundamental comparisons with other sensor types.
Subretinal Mononuclear Cells in Coats' Disease Studied with RPE65 and CD163: Evidence for Histiocytoid Pigment Epithelial Cells.

Purpose To evaluate the mononuclear cells in the subretinal exudate in Coats' disease. Design Retrospective case series. Methods Five enucleated globes and 1 cytology sample from a patient with Coats' disease and 1 case of chronic retinal detachment following repair of an open globe injury were examined immunohistochemically to identify intraretinal and subretinal exudative cells. The 2 biomarkers were RPE65 for retinal pigment epithelium and CD163 for histiocytes, each tagged with different chromogens, yellow for pigment epithelium and purple for CD163-positive (CD163+) monocytes/histiocytes. Expression levels were sought from both biomarkers together and singly. A color shift to red in the cells' chromogenic reaction indicated the simultaneous presence of the 2 biomarkers. Results Most of the mononuclear cells in Coats' disease samples were CD163+ (purple), and a minority were RPE65+ (yellow). An intermediate number of cells were RPE65+/CD163+ (orange-red). The eye with a chronic retinal detachment had an equal distribution of CD163+ and RPE65+/CD163+ cells. Conclusions RPE has several well-delineated phenotypes and functions. In normal visual physiology, the pigment epithelium supports photoreceptors and participates in their renewal by phagocytosis of the tips of the photoreceptors. The expression of CD163, a feature of hematopoietically derived monocytes, together with RPE65 in the retinal pigment epithelium, supports differentiation toward histiocytes. Yellow staining of detached pigment epithelial cells were rare. The presence of histiocytoid pigment epithelium at the Bruch membrane probably also has implications for macular degeneration.
Appendix: Neurophysiology for the EMS Provider

This appendix chapter provides an introductory overview of neurophysiology catered to the prehospital provider.
The Ghost in the Gun is the Bullet: Ebrahim Hussein, Julius Nyerere and the (Anti-)Politics of the Uncanny

In 1905, the various tribes of German Tanganyika, united by a shared belief in a prophecy that promised them invulnerability if they were anointed with water from a certain river, rebelled against colonial occupation. This insurgency  which failed in 1907, resulting in the deaths of 120,000 men, women and children  came to be known as the Maji Maji War, and is of signal importance in the colonial history of East Africa. This paper takes up two subsequent re-articulations of the Maji Maji conflict and its uncanny legacy of morbidity and death: soon-to-be-President of Tanzania Julius Nyerere's political appropriation of the struggle, in a 1956 speech before the United Nations, as the latest manifestation of a long tradition of heroic black revolt; and iconoclastic playwright Ebrahim Hussein's anti-political refusal, in his 1969 play "Kinjeketile," to subsume the uncanniness of Maji Maji into a cogent narrative of overcoming. What distinguishes the politics of sacrifice from the anti-politics of ambivalence in the nascent postcolony? What does this tell us about the work that the uncanny does, in and through and on time? And how does memory  and memorial performance  intervene in the ghostly work of re-centering Africa and the violence inflicted upon it?
An integrative review of fatigue in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Implications for self-management and quality of life.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To synthesise empirical studies on factors related to fatigue and its impact on diabetes self-management (DSM) and quality of life (QOL) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). BACKGROUND Fatigue is commonly reported in people with T2DM, a chronic condition that is highly prevalent worldwide. However, a holistic understanding of the consequences and factors related to fatigue in adults with T2DM is not well synthesised. DESIGN This integrative review used Whittemore and Knafl's methodology and was reported according to the Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and checklist. METHODS The theory of unpleasant symptoms (TOUS) was used as a conceptual model to guide the review. The PubMed, PsychINFO and CINAHL databases were searched to identify studies that recruited adults with T2DM, were peer-reviewed, written in English and investigated fatigue as a primary or secondary outcome. Two investigators independently appraised the quality of the studies and extracted the data. RESULTS Twenty-nine articles met the inclusion criteria: 23 observational studies, two randomised controlled trials, one quasi-experimental study and three qualitative studies. All articles were of high quality. Physiological (e.g. T2DM duration, complications and inflammatory biomarkers), psychological (e.g. diabetes distress, depression and sleep quality) and situational factors (e.g. race/ethnicity, education and social support) were related to fatigue. Studies reported fatigue as a barrier to physical activity, healthy eating behaviours and the physical aspect of QOL. CONCLUSIONS Multiple factors are related to fatigue in adults with T2DM. Gaps in the literature include the multiple dimensions of fatigue, the effectiveness of interventions to alleviate fatigue and fatigue experiences in under-represented populations. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This integrative review supports the complex origin of fatigue and its impact on adults with T2DM. Nurses should evaluate modifiable factors related to fatigue and provide support to help improve DSM and QOL in this population.
Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Admitted to the ICU With Acute Respiratory Failure-A Reevaluation of the Risk Factors and Outcomes.

Introduction:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients admitted to the ICU with acute respiratory failure (ARF) are known to have a poor prognosis. However, the majority of the studies published...
Multi-ttach: Techniques to Enhance Multi-material Attachments in Low-cost FDM 3D Printing

Recent advances in low-cost FDM 3D printing and a range of commercially available materials have enabled integrating different properties into a single object such as flexibility and conductivity, assisting fabrication of a wide variety of interactive devices through multi-material printing. Mechanically different materials such as rigid and flexible filament, however, display issues when adhering to each other making the object vulnerable to coming apart. In this work, we propose Multi-ttach, a low-cost technique to increase the adhesion between different materials utilizing various 3D printing parameters with three specialized geometric structures : (1) bead and (2) lattice structures that interlock layers in vertical material arrangement, and (3) stitching in horizontal material arrangement. We approach this by modifying the geometry of the interface layer at the G-code level and using processing parameters. We validate the result through mechanical testing using off-the-shelf materials and desktop printers and demonstrate the applicability through a range of existing applications that tackle the benefit of multi-material FDM 3D printing.
Structural Instability of Delithiated Li1−x Ni1−y Co y O2 Cathodes

The structural stability of layered LiNi 1-y, Co y O 2 cathodes has been assessed by investigating the crystal chemistry of chemically delithiated Li 1-x Ni 1-y Co y O 2 (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.3) subjected to mild heating and comparing the data with that for Li 1-x CoO 2 . The delithiated Li 1-x Ni 1-y Co y O 2 samples exhibit a decrease in cla ratio at temperatures as low as 50°C due to a migration of the Ni 3+/4+ ions from the nickel layer to the lithium layer. The rate of change in the cla ratio increases with increasing degree of delithiation (charging) and heating temperature and time, but decreases with increasing cobalt content. For example, the cla ratio of Li 0.3 Ni 0.85 Co 0.15 O 2 decreases from 5.11 to 5.01 after heating at 70°C for 11 days, whereas that of Li 0.35 CoO 2 does not show a change under identical conditions. The decrease in cla ratio is also observed after mild heating of lithium cells consisting of charged Li 1-x Ni 0.85 Co 0.15 O 2 electrodes.
A Window on Biomineralization

Most organisms are able to deposit minerals, for example in shells, bones, or teeth. In his Perspective, Veis discusses how organisms may direct the mineral deposition process. Focusing on the formation of tooth dentin and enamel, he highlights the report by Du et al., who show that the initial deposition of the minerals in tooth enamel is directed by a hierarchical self-assembly process involving amelogenin molecules. The process is an example of matrix-mediated mineralization, and the insights gained in the study should be useful for the development of biomimetic materials.
Modern treatment of ringworm of the scalp: 391 trials of 25 treatment programs

Summary Griseofulvin was used in 391 therapeutic trials among 341 children with tinea capitis; 190 children continued treatment long enough to permit evaluation of 246 of the trials. The dosage and duration of treatment were varied to determine optimal parameters. The minimum daily dose was 250 mg. and the maximum, 1,000 mg. The duration of treatment varied between 3 and 42 days of daily or deliberately interrupted administration. At the time of evaluation, 130 children hadbeen cured in the 246 completed trials. In general, the percentage of cures was greater among groups treated for the longer periods of time. The mean time to cure was 9 weeks and the mode occurred at 6 weeks. Our experience, and that of other investigators, indicates that administration of griseofulvin to large numbers of children is well-tolerated, safe, and effective therapy for tinea capitis.
How Do Disturbance-Generated Patterns Influence the Spatial Dynamics of Ecosystem Processes?

Our studies following the 1988 Yellowstone fires demonstrated that succession was surprisingly more variable in space and time than even current theory would have suggested, and that initial spatial patterns of disturbance may persist to produce longÂ­lasting changes in vegetation. Our focus now is on explaining the spatial and temporal patterns of succession and understanding how these patterns influence ecosystem function. The most interesting new questions revolve around the degree to which the spatial variation in postfire vegetation -- in particular, the six orders of magnitude variation in pine sapling density, ranging from 0 to greater than 500,000 saplings/ha --controls the spatial variability in ecosystem processes across the landscape.
Magnetic fields and turbulence in the center of M 87

Faraday rotation data reveal that the inner core of M 87 has a strong, ordered, magnetic field. This field is located in front of the inner radio lobes, and has a pressure at least as large as that of the thermal X-ray plasma. This field must be supported by fluid turbulence in the core region: the question is, what drives the turbulence?
The epoxidation of 3-methylcyclopentene

The reaction of 3-methylcyclopentene with m-chloroperbenzoic acid provides a mixture of epoxides in which the cis-isomer predominates. Alternatively, treatment of the olefin with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and alkali provides a mixture rich in the trans-epoxide. The isomeric epoxides were characterized by their NMR spectra, including measurements of europium induced shifts, and their stereochemistry proven by examination of their lithium aluminium hydride reduction products. A simple conformational argument is presented to account for the isomer distribution in the epoxidations.
Affects of alumina and titania nanoparticulates on bone cell function

Proliferation of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) and chondrocytes (cartilage-synthesizing cells) exposed to different sizes of alumina as well as titania wear debris particles were investigated in the present in vitro study. Such wear debris may result from friction between articulating components of orthopedic implants. Results provided the first evidence of increased osteoblast and chondrocyte proliferation in the presence of nanometer compared to conventional-dimension (i.e., micron) ceramic particles. Studies revealed that the only difference between respective ceramic particles was dimension; specifically, phase, charge, and chemical properties were similar between different size alumina and titania particles, respectively. Evidence of a less detrimental affect of nanometer compared to conventional-dimension wear debris on cell function offers additional evidence that nanophase ceramics may become the next generation of bone prosthetic materials with improved osseointegrative (that is, ability to bond to juxtaposed bone in situ) properties.
Calcium requirement for gliding motility in myxobacteria.

Abstract The ability to glide on a solid surface was inducible by calcium ion in Stigmatella aurantiaca. The induction of motility but not motility itself was prevented by chloramphenicol and erythromycin. Calcium ion was also required for cells to glide, even when they were previously induced. The ability of Myxococcus xanthus to glide in groups using the S motility system but not as single cells (A system) was prevented by chloramphenicol and erythromycin.
Outfluence – The impact of missing values

There are numerous measures that assess the effect of an observation, group of observations, a variable, or variables and observations on the regression estimation. Incomplete data is a common difficulty in data analysis. We introduce a new measure which assesses the effect of a missing observation, a group of missing observations, an incomplete variable or any combination of these, on the overall estimation. We call this measurement "outfluence". The outfluence measure can be used in a regression analysis context or any other parametric settings. We illustrate the major benefits of outfluence using two examples. The first example demonstrates the use of outfluence in a marijuana pilot study. The second example records blood cholesterol levels of heart attack victims at three time points after the heart attack. We evaluate the cholesterol level mean at time 3 and the difference between time 1 and time 3 with incomplete data.
Power System Optimization for Passenger Cars

Statistical studies show that each power system from a milliwatts rating (batteries and mechanical springs) to a megawatts rating (steam and gas turbines) has optimum (minimum) weight per horsepower, minimum volume (box) per horsepower, and minimum fuel consumption (maximum brake thermal efficiency) within a limited range of output. In the case of heat engines, the basic parameters involved are the maximum efficiency of the ideal thermodynamic cycle, which is about the same for all heat engines, and the losses due to heat transfer and fluid friction. Also involved are maximum heat flux and mechanical friction at moving surfaces. This paper discusses the effect of size on such parameters as surface-to-volume ratio (heat loss) and wetted perimeter to cross section area (fluid friction) and the effect of these parameters on power system performance. From these considerations, one must come to the inevitable conclusion that the amount one can scale a system up or down is definitely limited, e.g., steam turbines or even gas turbines for a passenger car (100 HP or less) are more than likely out of the allowable range for optimum performance.
Single amino acid substitution in homogentisate 1,2‐dioxygenase is responsible for pigmentation in a subset of Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates

The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) is a group of Gram-negative bacilli that are ubiquitous in the environment and have emerged over the past 30 years as opportunistic pathogens in immunocompromised populations, specifically individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic granulomatous disease. This complex of at least 18 distinct species is phenotypically and genetically diverse. One phenotype observed in a subset of Burkholderia cenocepacia (a prominent Bcc pathogen) isolates is the ability to produce a melanin-like pigment. Melanins have antioxidant properties and have been shown to act as virulence factors allowing pathogens to resist killing by the host immune system. The melanin-like pigment expressed by B. cenocepacia is produced through tyrosine catabolism, specifically through the autoxidation and polymerization of homogentisate. Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315 is a CF clinical isolate that displays a pigmented phenotype when grown under normal laboratory conditions. We examined the amino acid sequences of critical enzymes in the melanin synthesis pathway in pigmented and non-pigmented Bcc isolates, and found that an amino acid substitution of glycine for arginine at amino acid 378 in homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase correlated with pigment production; we identify this as one mechanism for expression of pigment in Bcc isolates.
The crystal structure of synthetic autunite, Ca[(UO2)(PO4)]2(H2O)11

Autunite, Ca[(UO 2 )(PO 4 )] 2 (H 2 O) 11 , is amongst the most abundant and widely distributed of the uranyl phosphate minerals, yet because of its pseudo-tetragonal symmetry and rapid dehydration in air, the details of its symmetry, stoichiometry, and structure were previously uncertain. The crystal structure of synthetic autunite was solved by direct methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares techniques to agreement indices R 1 = 0.041, calculated for the 1497 unique observed reflections (| F o | ≥ 4σ F ), and wR 2 = 0.119 for all data. Autunite is orthorhombic, space group Pnma , Z = 4, a = 14.0135(6), b = 20.7121(8), c = 6.9959(3) A, V = 2030.55(15) A 3 . The structure contains the well-known autunite type sheet with composition [(UO 2 )(PO 4 )] − , resulting from the sharing of equatorial vertices of the uranyl square bipyramids with the phosphate tetrahedra. The calcium atom in the interlayer is coordinated by seven H 2 O groups and two longer distances to uranyl apical O atoms. Two symmetrically independent H 2 O groups are held in the structure only by hydrogen bonding. Bond-length-constrained refinement provided a crystal-chemically reasonable description of the hydrogen bonding.
Deliberately indifferent: government response to HIV in U.S. prisons.

Statistical analysis of U.S. prisoners affected by H.I.V. virus is presented in this article. The medial care and the administration by the government is also explained. The various policies designed by the government for the welfare and protection of such HIV infected prisoners are also discussed.