cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electric and magnetic field study of spacer layer thickness effects in A1GaAs/InGaAs resonant tunneling diodes

Pseudomorphic Al 35Ga 65As/In 1Ga 9As resonant tunneling diodes fabricated with asymmetric spacer layers adjaceht to the tunnel barrier were characterized via magneto-transport measurements. Novel tunneling effects (ground vs excited state tunneling) were observed in the current-voltage characteristics of these devices which depend upon the bias direction. Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations obtained at high magnetic fields show a strong asymmetry with bias direction and give evidence of silicon dopant out diffusion during molecular beam epitaxy.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Preliminary assessment of a school-based healthy lifestyle intervention among rural elementary school children

BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has become a national public health crisis in America. Physical inactivity and unhealthy eating behaviors may contribute to the childhood obesity epidemic. School-based healthy lifestyle interventions play a promising role in preventing and controlling childhood obesity. A comprehensive school-based healthy lifestyle intervention was implemented in 4 rural elementary schools in Kentucky. METHODS The intervention included 4 goals: improving physical education, health education, family/community involvement, and school wellness policies. Children's physical activity was assessed by pedometer, and nutrition was assessed by a previous day recall survey in January (baseline), February (t1), March (t2), April (t3), and May (t4) of 2011. RESULTS The intervention had significant effects on increasing the percentages of children meeting physical activity (1% vs 5%, p < .01) and nutrition (15% vs 26%, p < .01) recommendations. The effects of the intervention on physical activity and nutrition depended on school, grade, and age of the children. There was an increasing linear trend of physical activity and an increasing quadratic trend of nutrition over time among children. CONCLUSIONS The intervention had beneficial effects in improving healthy behaviors among children. Further studies are needed to assess its long-term effects and cost-effectiveness.
A Bright Future for Copper Electrowinning

Over the past 40 years, the copper mining industry has undergone a dramatic shift toward hydrometallurgical extraction of copper at the mine site. This has increased the importance of recovering high-purity copper by electrowinning. High-purity cathode production was achieved by implementing numerous technologies including superior lead-alloy anodes, improved cathode handling and/or stainless steel blanks, better electrolyte control, and advanced tankhouse automation. In the future, it is projected that tankhouses will produce high-quality copper at lower costs using technologies that could include dimensionally stable anodes, alternative anode reactions, innovative cell designs, novel electrolyte circulation systems, and more. This paper reviews existing commercial copper electrowinning technologies and discusses advances that need to be made to implement future technologies.
Leader–member exchange (LMX), paternalism, and delegation in the Turkish business culture: An empirical investigation

Although businesses increasingly operate across cultures, there is a paucity of research that examines the influence of national culture on leadership practices. This study uses a structural equation modeling approach to investigate relationships among leader–member exchange (LMX), delegation, paternalism, and job satisfaction in Turkish business organizations. Results from a survey study of N=185 full-time employees from Turkish companies support the relationship of LMX to delegation and job satisfaction. However, the effect of LMX on job satisfaction is mediated by paternalism, an emic cultural dimension. Results suggest that delegation might not be an effective management tool in the Middle Eastern context.
Self combustion of acetylene III—Effect of oxygen and ethylene oxide

Abstract The self combustion of acetylene is promoted by the addition of small amounts of ethylene oxide and oxygen. Benzene formation appears to go through a different initiation mechanism from that of the bulk of the reaction; it appears to be wall inhibited.
Structures of XH 4 + and XH 6 + (X = B, Al and Ga) Cations *

Structures and energies of XH4 + and XH6 + (X = B, Al and Ga) have been calculated at the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,2pd) level. Calculations indicate that although the structure with a three center two electron (3c-2e) bond is the global minimum for BH4 +, the global minima of AlH4 + and GaH4 + are not those with one 3c-2e bond, but those with two 3c-2e bonds. For calibration, both structures of AlH4 + were also calculated at the ab initio CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level and results in agreement with the DFT results were found. Similar calculations also indicate that although the C2v symmetrical structure with two 3c-2e bonds is the global minimum for BH6 +, the global minima of AlH6 + and GaH6 + are not the C2v symmetrical structures with two 3c-2e bonds but the C2 symmetrical structures with three 3c-2e bonds.
Impact force identification from wave propagation responses

The inverse problem of solving for the impact force history using experimentally measured structural responses tends to be ill-conditioned. This paper uses a frequency domain deconvolution method to help clarify some of the fundamental difficulties and issues involved in this problem. Force reconstructions obtained using experimentally measured acceleration responses from four example structures are used to illustrate the points.
Scene/object classification using multispectral data fusion algorithms

Near-simultaneous, multispectral, coregistered imagery of ground target and background signatures were collected over a full diurnal cycle in visible, infrared, and ultraviolet spectrally filtered wavebands using Battelle's portable sensor suite. The imagery data were processed using classical statistical algorithms, artificial neural networks and data clustering techniques to classify objects in the imaged scenes. Imagery collected at different times throughout the day were employed to verify algorithm robustness with respect to temporal variations of spectral signatures. In addition, several multispectral sensor fusion medical imaging applications were explored including imaging of subcutaneous vasculature, retinal angiography, and endoscopic cholecystectomy. Work is also being performed to advance the state of the art using differential absorption lidar as an active remote sensing technique for spectrally detecting, identifying, and tracking hazardous emissions. These investigations support a wide variety of multispectral signature discrimination applications including the concepts of automated target search, landing zone detection, enhanced medical imaging, and chemical/biological agent tracking.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Attributive Uses of Prosentences

Defenders of the prosentential theory of truth claim that the English language contains prosentences which function analogously to their better known cousins - pronouns. Statements such as 'That is true' or 'It is true', they claim, inherit their content from antecedent statements, just as pronouns inherit their reference from antecedent singular terms. Prosentential theorists claim that the content of these prosentences is exhausted by the content of their antecedents. They then use the notion of the inheritance of content from an antecedent to explain the various functions of the predicate '... is true'. Defenders of the prosentential theory of truth are mistaken, I claim, in thinking that in order to oppose the view that '... is true' is used to ascribe a substantive truth property to propositions they need to claim that no uses of '... is true' ever attribute any property. I identify an 'attributive' use of prosentences in which reliability is implicitly attributed to a subject. I then use the capacity of prosentences to serve as implicit attributions of reliability as a basis for explicating the logical structure of explicit attributions of reliability. The identification of an attributive use of prosentences does not constitute a fundamental change in the prosentential theory.
Substituent and solvent effects on the hyperporphyrin spectra of diprotonated tetraphenylporphyrins

UV−visible spectra have been studied for a series of p-substituted tetraphenylporphyrins (TPPs) titrated with strong acid in various solvents. Substituent effects on the Soret and Q(I) absorption peaks and the fluorescence emission peaks have been treated by Hammett correlations. In general, there are only small effects with electron-withdrawing substituents, but electron-donating substituents lead to lower energy transitions, with especially strong effects observed in the case of the diprotonated porphyrins with good electron-donating substituents (hyperporphyrin effects). The hyperporphyrin effects are attributed to the crossing of a π molecular orbital on the substituted phenyl group above the usual porphyrin π highest occupied molecular orbital. For the neutral TPPs, this crossing is estimated to occur with a substituent as electron-donating as p-methoxy, and for the diprotonated TPPs, the crossing occurs at approximately unsubstituted TPP. Distinctive solvent effects on the spectra and the Hammett co...
Optimizing reduced-intensity conditioning regimens for myeloproliferative neoplasms

The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are a group of clonal disorders that arise from a pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell and are characterized by excess cellular proliferation. These disorders tend to be chronic in nature and can terminate over time into a bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by marrow fibrosis or transform into a leukemic phase. MPNs are predominantly diseases of the elderly and this is one reason why until very recently the standard treatment was supportive care. The only curative modality for these disorders is allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. The introduction of reduced-intensity conditioning regimens now allows this life-saving therapy to be offered to elderly patients who were previously considered ineligible for high-dose conditioning owing to age or comorbidity. In this review, we will summarize the current strategies and future directions regarding the use of reduced-intensity conditioning regimens in the treatment of MPNs.
Response of Turf and Quality of Water Runoff to Manure and Fertilizer

Manure applications can benefit turfgrass production and unused nutrients in manure residues can be exported through sod harvests. Yet, nutrients near the soil surface could be transported in surface runoff. Our research objective was to evaluate responses of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. var. Guymon] turf and volumes and P and N concentrations of surface runoff after fertilizer or composted manure applications. Three replications of five treatments were established on a Boonville fine sandy loam (fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Albaqualf) that was excavated to create an 8.5% slope. Manure rates of 50 and 100 kg P ha -1 at the start of two monitoring periods were compared with P fertilizer rates of 25 and 50 kg ha -1 and an unfertilized control. Compared with initial soil tests, nitrate concentrations decreased and P concentrations increased after two manure or fertilizer applications and eight rain events over the two monitoring periods. The fertilizer sources of P and N produced 19% more dry weight and 21% larger N concentrations in grass clippings than manure sources. Yet, runoff volumes were similar between manure and fertilizer sources of P. Dissolved P concentration (30 mg L -1 ) in runoff during a rain event 3 d after application of 50 kg P ha -1 was five times greater for fertilizer than for manure P. Observations during both monitoring periods indicated that total P and N losses in runoff were no greater for composted manure than for fertilizer sources of P at relatively large P rates on a steep slope of turfgrass.
Lanthanide Luminescence Detection of Bleomycins and Nalidixic Acid

Abstract Bleomycins and nalidixic acid transfer energy to Tb(III). Subsequent emission from Tb(III) provides for a selective and sensitive detection method. Temperature studies indicate that energy transfer for both compounds involves an intramolecular process. The efficiency of reversed-phase separations of bleomycins is improved by adding Tb(III) to the mobile phase. Tb(III) luminescence detection is compatible with a wide range of mobile phases suitable for the separation of nalidixic acid. Detection limits for bleomycin A2 and nalidixic acid are 3 × 10−6 M and 4 × 10−7 M respectively.
On the pursuit and misuse of useless information

Decision makers often pursue noninstrumental information--information that appears relevant but, if simply available, would have no impact on choice. Once they pursue such information, people then use it to make their decision. Consequently, the pursuit of information that would have had no impact on choice leads people to make choices they would not otherwise have made. The pursuit of noninstrumental information is documented and its effects on ensuing decisions are explored in a variety of social, consumer, and strategic situations. The causes and implications of this pattern are discussed.
Dimerization of Diboradiazacyclobutadienes To Form Tetraboratetraazacyclooctatetraenes: Computational Study of Boron−Nitrogen Ring Formation and Ring Opening

Computational studies of the dimerization of the diboradiazacyclobutadienes (HBNH)2 and (MeBNMe)2 to form the tetraboratetraazacyclooctatetraenes (RBNR)4 suggest that the preferred pathway involves...
Abstract 4097: Integrative analysis of epigenetic and transcriptional alterations in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Objective: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide with a 50% patient survival rate 5 years post-diagnosis despite current therapeutic strategies. A direct comprehensive genome wide integrated analysis of epigenetic and transcriptional alteration in primary HNSCC has not been performed before. Such data would greatly enrich our knowledge about HNSCC biology and would be beneficial for the development of the individual targeted therapy. Experimental Design: 44 primary HNSCC and 25 normal mucosal samples were used in the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 array and for the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 27 array. To analyze the data we employed a novel screening approach based on Cancer Outlier Profile Analysis (COPA). With use of this approach we determined 81 significant differentially expressed and 37 significant differentially methylated genes with both oncogenic and tumor suppressing properties. Results: Out of total 118 candidate genes we picked 36 candidate tumor suppressing genes with strong correlation between hypermethylation and decrease of expression in tumor samples, such as BANK1, ADFP, MAPK4, ZNF71 and others. 20 genes out of total 36 were validated by bisulfite sequencing in a separate cohort of 32 primary HNSCC tumor and 16 normal mucosal tissues. Out of the total 20 genes, 13 demonstrated at least 40% difference in methylation, most notably for BANK1 81% of tumors were more methylated as compared to normals. 7 of these newly discovered genes out of the 36 belong to Zinc Finger Proteins (ZNF) group and they have never been reported as tumor suppressors in HNSCC before. Bisulfite sequencing and quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of ZNFs revealed that they are strongly hypermethylated and underexpressed in HNSCC tumor samples. Conclusions: Our new screening approach allowed identification of 36 candidate tumor suppressor genes aberrantly methylated and transcriptionally suppressed in HNSCC. Validation of gene expression and methylation allowed the detection of ZNF genes whose downregulation may play a significant role in HNSCC tumor development. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4097. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4097
Some thermodynamic properties of a semi-infinite Heisenberg ferromagnet

Abstract The effects of a surface on the contribution to the low temperature specific heat of a Heisenberg ferromagnet from the magnetic degrees of freedom and on the spin deviation associated with a given site are computed by a Green's function method.
On the structure, stabilization, and dual response of flat-burner flames

Abstract A comprehensive computational and experimental study has been conducted on the structure and stabilization dynamics of the classical planar flame over a flat, porous burner. The specific issue addressed is the apparent dual response nature of the flat-burner flames in that previous studies have shown the existence of two flame speeds for either a given heat loss rate or a given flame standoff distance. The present study demonstrates that the flame response is actually unique when the flame burning rate is considered to be the independent variable, that the turning point behavior of the flame response is a manifestation of system nonmonotonicity rather than extinction, and that the flat-burner flame does not appear to possess distinct extinction states. Results obtained from computational simulation of the flame structure with detailed transport and chemistry agree well with the experimental temperature and major species profiles determined through laser Raman spectroscopy.
Biochemical Changes of Ischemia

Normothermic ischemic arrest by aortic cross-clamping, a widely used clinical technique, is associated with metabolic changes in the myocardium that are incompletely understood. The effects of aortic cross-clamping on glycolytic pathways as well as associated morphological changes are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the conservation of high-energy phosphate moieties during the period of cross-clamping as well as during reperfusion. A marked reduction in total high-energy phosphates (62%) and glycogen (63%) and an increase in lactate production (243%) denote a shift to anaerobic metabolism during the period of arrest. Despite reperfusion, total high-energy nucleotides remained depressed. The data suggest that persistent abnormal myocardial carbohydrate metabolism and low levels of high-energy nucleotides prevent recovery of contractility following normothermic ischemic arrest and reperfusion.
Speech sound articulation abilities of preschool-age children who stutter

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the association between speech sound articulation and childhood stuttering in a relatively large sample of preschool-age children who do and do not stutter, using the Goldman–Fristoe Test of Articulation-2 (GFTA-2; Goldman & Fristoe, 2000 ). Method Participants included 277 preschool-age children who do (CWS; n = 128, 101 males) and do not stutter (CWNS; n = 149, 76 males). Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were performed to assess between-group (CWS versus CWNS) differences on the GFTA-2. Additionally, within-group correlations were performed to explore the relation between CWS’ speech sound articulation abilities and their stuttering frequency and severity, as well as their sound prolongation index (SPI; Schwartz & Conture, 1988 ). Results No significant differences were found between the articulation scores of preschool-age CWS and CWNS. However, there was a small gender effect for the 5-year-old age group, with girls generally exhibiting better articulation scores than boys. Additional findings indicated no relation between CWS’ speech sound articulation abilities and their stuttering frequency, severity, or SPI. Conclusions Findings suggest no apparent association between speech sound articulation—as measured by one standardized assessment (GFTA-2)—and childhood stuttering for this sample of preschool-age children ( N = 277). Educational objectives : After reading this article, the reader will be able to: (1) discuss salient issues in the articulation literature relative to children who stutter; (2) compare/contrast the present study's methodologies and main findings to those of previous studies that investigated the association between childhood stuttering and speech sound articulation; (3) identify future research needs relative to the association between childhood stuttering and speech sound development; (4) replicate the present study's methodology to expand this body of knowledge.
The radial temperature profile of the solar wind

[1] The Voyager data show a decrease in temperature in the inner heliosphere, an increase in temperature from 30–50 AU, a decrease from 50–63 AU, followed by another increase from 63–68 AU. Models of pickup proton heating predict a monotonic temperature rise beyond about 30 AU but do not account for the smaller scale (few AU) temperature variations. At 1 AU, the solar wind temperature is a strong function of the solar wind speed. We find that incorporating a temperature dependence on speed into the pickup proton heating results can reproduce much of the smaller-scale temperature variation observed out to 68 AU. The same speed-temperature dependence provides good fits to data from both the outer heliosphere and from near Earth. Since a large fraction of the proton energy results from heating, this work implies that the heating rate is a function of the speed.
Critical current density in high-Tc Bi-2223 single crystals using AC and DC magnetic measurements

Abstract Single crystals of (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (Tc=110 K), prepared by fused-salt reaction technique [S.-Y. Chu, M.E. McHenry, J. Mater. Res. 13 (1998) 589; S.-Y. Chu, M.E. McHenry, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 7 (1997) 1150; S.-Y. Chu, M.E. McHenry, Electrochem. Soc. Proc. 97-2 (1997) 9.], have been characterized by both DC and AC magnetic measurements between 5 K and 108 K with a magnetic field perpendicular to the ab plane of the Bi-2223 crystal lattice. A numerical calculation indicates that the induced fields from the superconducting current loops in the separated neighboring crystals are very small and consequently can be neglected. Treating the individual crystals (73×73×1 μm3) as bar-shaped superconductors, we used a modified Bean model to determine the critical current density. For the first time, a strong temperature dependence of the current density at zero applied field is observed in these pristine single crystals with weak pinning. These then offer an excellent model system to probe the enhancements of persistent currents by means of proton irradiation.
Optimal portfolios: are they optimal for the long run?

This study analyses the potential for diversification among assets as suggested by modern portfolio theory. It uses Johansen's cointegration methodology to identify long-term relationships among assets. We compare results from optimized portfolios constructed from samples of country funds and iShares with portfolios from the same samples but not optimized. The optimized portfolios exhibit diversification potential while the nonoptimized portfolios do not.
Modification by decreased temperature and hypoxia of 45Ca movements in stimulated smooth muscle of rabbit aorta

In rabbit aortic smooth muscle, contractile responsiveness to 10(-6) M norepinephrine or 60 mM added K+ was inhibited by hypoxia (induced by 100% N2) or decreased bath temperature. Hypoxia increased K+-induced 45Ca efflux, inhibited K+-induced 45Ca uptake, and inhibited norepinephrine-induced 45Ca release; lowering bath temperature by 10 degrees C decreased resting 45Ca uptake and norepinephrine-induced 45Ca release by 30-40% and decreased the 45Ca uptake elicited with norepinephrine or K+ by more than two-thirds. Thus, hypoxia and temperature variations affect different Ca2+ components. Hypoxia decreases the norepinephrine-sensitive membrane Ca2+ fraction and the K+-stimulated mitochondrial Ca2+ fraction whereas decreased temperature most strongly inhibits membrane-associated Ca2+ uptake increases elicited with either norepinephrine or high K+.
The occurrence and fine structural characterization of microbodies inEuglena gracilis

The fine structure of an organelle morphologically similar to microbodies found in higher plants and animals was studied in cells ofEuglena gracilis fixed simultaneously in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. These organelles were 0.4 to 0.8 microns in diameter, bounded by a single membrane, and frequently observed in close spatial association with both endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Their finely granular matrices frequently contained membranous cores. Though these organelles were relatively abundant in acetate- and ethanolgrown cells, they were rarely observed in glucose-grown cells, an indication that they play the same role in the metabolism of 2-carbon substrates as do glyoxysomes in higher plants. The presence of these organelles, assumed to be microbodies, is also of considerable interest since catalase, an enzyme characteristic of microbodies from a variety of sources, was not detected.
Factors in Cypress Dome Development

The dome-like cypress groves common in the flatwoods and savannas of peninsular Florida arouse interest in the lay traveller and the scientist alike. The observer soon notes that the domes are formed by the confluent tops of crowded trees which, beginning with the short ones at the outer edge, stand progressively taller toward the center of the swamp. See Figure 1. Several writers have published their interpretations of the nature of these domes. Harper (1927:117) makes the following statement: "Anyone seeing such a pond for the first time might imagine that the small trees at the edges were young ones and that the cypress growth was spreading. But the cypress never voluntarily invades dry land, and there is no reason to suppose that the climate is becoming wetter or the water deeper. The little trees at the edges have probably had just as much time to grow as the large ones in the middle, but they must be dwarfed by some unfavorable soil condition. The reason for all this, however, is not known." Contrarily, Kurz (1933':56) concludes, on the basis of growth ring studies, that the outer smaller trees are actually younger than the inner ones. He explains the dome-shaped profile as follows: "Close observation brings out the fact that there is a high rate of premature mortality in the trees near the edge. The nearer one approaches the edge the higher is the mortality. "New shoots or seedlings replace the dead ones and they themselves in turn meet death. Toward the deeper water, the number of fatalities and replacements diminish so that nearer the middle the individual trees are progressively older and
A comparison of the viscous behaviour of wheat and maize starch pastes

The viscous behaviour of aqueous supensions of gelatinised starch granules from wheat and maize has been investigated. The viscosity of the suspension relative to that of water is dependent on the volume fraction occupied by the particles, their shape and deformability. The swelling and deformability of gelatinised wheat starch granules show a strong dependence on the heating rate employed to gelatinise the starch. For gelatinised starch pastes of wheat and maize it has also been shown that the solubilised polysaccharides make a contribution to the observed viscosity.
On the Proper Use of Ancient Political Philosophy: A Comment on Stephen Taylor Holmes's “Aristippus in and out of Athens”

The central concern of Stephen Holmes' article is neither with theories that seek to describe contemporary society, nor with the teachings of ancient Greek political philosophy, but with the relation between Greek political philosophy and contemporary society. Two strands of thought run through the article's argument. On the one hand, modern society has become so obviously different in so many ways from the Greek polis that the conceptions of Greek thought should be discarded as timeworn and obsolete. In accordance with this view, Leo Strauss' arguments for the serious reconsideration of the ancient philosophic understanding are lightly dismissed as "amusing claims," "rather pointless" questions (however "solemnly" asked), and mere calls to remember "ancestral pieties" (Holmes, 1978, pp. 116-17). On the other hand, the appeal of Greek political philosophy today is dangerously powerful and tends to produce the evil consequences of totalitarianism. So great is the allure of Greek political thought, says Holmes, that Hannah Arendt, author of the most profound book on the origins of totalitarianism, failed to see how her "piety toward Greece" might increase the danger of what she cared most deeply to avoid (p. 117). How, one wonders, can obviously obsolete thought have so powerful an allure for serious thinkers? One answer to this question might be that the obsoleteness of Greek conceptions is not obvious, but needs to be revealed by Holmes' analysis. This answer, however, cannot suffice, for virtually every literate political scientist is aware of the massive differences between the Greek polis and our contemporary societies, which produce the obsoleteness of Greek thought as Holmes understands it. Even Leo Strauss, who is alleged to be singularly neglectful of social structure, states with complete clarity the immediate inapplicability of Greek principles:
Using principles of pervasive computing to design m-commerce applications

Distinct features of handheld devices, such as their mobility, personalization and location-awareness, engender a new class of consumer-oriented software applications. While simple shopping assistant programs were one of the first to emerge for this class of devices, many modern m-commerce applications become more complex and utilize a wide range of features of pervasive computing. In this paper, we discuss a number of design issues pertinent to the development of these applications including context-awareness, personalization, ubiquitous access, and intelligent interfaces. We applied these and other principles in the design and development of SMMART, an intelligent context-aware framework for delivery of personalized and targeted promotions to the users of mobile devices, which is used as a case study throughout this paper.
Effect of Axial Heat Conduction and Internal Heat Generation on the Effectiveness of Counter Flow Microchannel Heat Exchangers

The influence of axial heat conduction and internal heat generation (viscous dissipation) on the effectiveness of a counter flow microchannel heat exchanger is analyzed in this paper. The ends of the wall separating the hot and cold fluid are kept isothermal, i.e. non-adiabatic, thereby leading to thermal interaction between the heat exchanger and its surroundings. A thermal model of this particular heat exchanger consists of three one dimensional governing equations. This system of equations is solved using finite difference method. The hot and cold fluid effectiveness is found to depend on parameters such as NTU, axial heat conduction parameter, end wall temperatures and internal heat generation parameter. Increase in axial heat conduction parameter of a heat exchanger subjected internal heat generation can either increase or decrease the effectiveness of the fluids depending on the temperature of the end walls. The effect of internal heat generation in a counter flow microchannel heat exchanger with axial heat conduction is to always degrade and improve the effectiveness of the hot and cold fluid, respectively.
Generating Traffic Statistical Profiles Using Unmanned Helicopter-Based Video Data

Small unmanned vertical take off and landing vehicles are used to provide the eye-in-the-sky alternative to monitoring and regulating traffic dynamically. Spatial-temporal visual data are collected in real time and they are used to generate traffic-related statistical profiles, serving as inputs to traffic simulation models. Generated profiles, which are continuously updated, are used to calibrate traffic model parameters, to obtain more accurate and reliable simulation models, and for model modifications. This method overcomes limitations of existing traffic simulation models, which suffer from outdated data, poorly calibrated parameters because of outdated data, questionable accuracy and poor predictions of traffic patterns.
Nanotribology of a Vapor-Phase Lubricant: A Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study of Tricresylphosphate (TCP) Uptake on Iron and Chromium

Adsorption measurements of tricresylphosphate (TCP) on high-purity iron and chromium surfaces have been performed in ultra-high vacuum with a quartz crystal microbalance in conjunction with Auger electron spectroscopy, yielding values for gas uptake rates, molecular slippage, and tribofilm stress levels in the temperature range 25-400°C. At room temperature, TCP uptake is observed to be limited to two layers of intact molecules that are likely to be physisorbed. Above 200°C, the data recorded on both iron and chromium substrates are consistent with far greater uptake levels and extensive interdiffusion of TCP fragments with the substrate. The most noteworthy difference between the two substrates is TCP's fragmentation upon impact on iron, but not chromium, at elevated temperatures.
STUDIES IN IMMUNITY AND ANAPHYLAXIS : THE PROTEINS OF THE KIDNEY AND LIVER.

1. The sera of rabbits injected repeatedly with the nucleoproteins, globulins, and albumins of the liver and kidney of the dog give no evidence in vitro or in vivo experiments of organ affinity. The precipitin test offers no proof of the specificity of these sera for the proteins employed as antigens. 2. The anaphylaxis reaction applied to the same proteins indicates a slight relative organ affinity but no specificity as far as the respective protein fractions are concerned. The relative organ affinity resides, rather, in the globulin and albumin fractions than in the nucleoprotein fraction. Dog serum used both as a sensitizing and an intoxicating agent gives rise to very active cross reactions with organ proteins, thus failing to support the theory of organ or of protein specificity. 3. These results do not support the view put forward that nucleoproteins play an important part in the course of production of cytotoxic immune sera.
A new face and new challenges for Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM

OMIM's task of cataloging the association between human phenotypes and their causative genes (the Morbid Map of the Genome) and classifying and naming newly recognized disorders is growing rapidly. Establishing the relationship between genotype and phenotype has become increasingly complex. New technologies such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) define “risk alleles” that are inherently prone to substantial interpretation and modification. In addition, whole exome and genome sequencing are expected to result in many reports of new mendelian disorders and their causative genes. In preparation for the onslaught of new information, we have launched a new Website to allow a more comprehensive and structured view of the contents of OMIM and to improve interconnectivity with complementary clinical and basic science genetics resources. This article focuses on the content of OMIM, the process and intent of disease classification and nosology, and anticipated improvements in our new Website (http://www.omim.org). Hum Mutat 32:1–4, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Basal metabolic rate, fat-free mass, and body cell mass during energy restriction

Basal metabolic rate (BMR) has been reported to decrease during semistarvation and during hypocaloric treatment of obesity. However, it remains controversial whether the decrease is due to change in body composition, or if it represents a downregulation in cellular metabolism. To examine this relationship, we reviewed studies of BMR in children, adolescents, adults, semistarved non-obese, anorexics, and weight-reducing obese. The relationship between BMR and fat-free mass (FFM) of children, lean adolescents, and lean and obese adults consuming sufficient energy could be described by a single line, BMR (MJ/d) = 2.44 + 0.084 FFM (SEE = 0.63, R2 = .80). Obese adolescents demonstrated BMRs greater than predicted and semistarved lean individuals demonstrated BMRs less than predicted by this relationship. Obese individuals demonstrated a reduced BMR during underfeeding, but less so than semistarved lean individuals. The reduction in BMR relative to FFM in semistarved lean individuals could not be explained by disproportionate reductions in body cell mass (BCM).
An intelligent robotics simulator

An intelligent robotics simulation system is described. The purpose of the robot simulator is to act either as an interactive robot modeling and simulation tool, or as an execution environment for robotics task plans generated by higher-level planners. It provides features for modeling of manipulators, environment configuration, manipulator control, and status reporting. The execution of the plans is performed in a graphics simulation environment and after successful completion the commands can be transmitted to physical robot hardware. The system provides an interactive simulation environment where every command entered by the user is immediately executed and the results are displayed on a graphics screen. From this interactive environment users can change the simulation scenario and operate the robot manipulator models in the system. Advanced features of the simulator that are described include: composite objects supporting the linking of separate objects into a composite object which can be operated on as a unit while presenting the separate accessibility of its components; configuration management with the provision of an automatic configuration selection mechanism based on a set of heuristic rules; collision detection which provides a way to check for collisions during a simulation run; collision avoidance where the simulator provides a heuristic path planning algorithm which is capable of recovering from collision situations to provide collision-free path plans, and interface to control physical robots with the capability of generating command sequences for real robot controllers. >
Atomic Displacement Effects in Single-Event Gate Rupture

Swift heavy ion (SHI) damage, including single-event gate rupture (SEGR), radiation-induced soft breakdown (RISB), and long-term reliability degradation (LTRD), plays an important role in limiting device lifetime and reliability. However, the atomic-scale physical origins of these phenomena have not been elucidated. In this work, we explain the underlying physical processes responsible for SHI-induced effects in oxides, providing a direct link between atomic motion and macroscopic electrical effects. SRIM 2008 calculations show that SHIs produce low-energy atomic recoils in SiO2. Using parameter-free quantum mechanical calculations, we probe the atomic-scale dynamics of the resulting low-energy atomic displacements. We show that low-energy displacements in SiO2 produce pockets containing high densities of network defects, and that these defects generate electronic states throughout the SiO2 band gap. These spatially correlated defect states represent a low-resistivity ldquoconducting piperdquo through SiO2 layers, and provide an atomistic mechanism for the formation of electrically-active damage that does not rely on thermal spike effects. In the case of SEGR, the conducting pipe allows energy stored on the gate capacitance to be discharged into the oxide, resulting in the permanent damage observed experimentally. The persistence of defects resulting from SHI-induced atomic displacements provides a physical explanation for percolation models of LTRD and RISB.
Organizational aspects of disaster preparedness and response.

JAVMA, Vol 230, No. 11, June 1, 2007 V who may become involved in the organized response to any disaster or emergency must understand the basic concepts and components of the ICS. The ICS is the functional field organization and management unit of the NIMS and provides for coordination of personnel, equipment, and other resources at the scene of a disaster. The NIMS is a part of the NRP dictated by HSPD-5 (management of domestic incidents). The NRP provides a method for making federal assistance available, when requested, in those instances when state and local response efforts are overwhelmed. Other provisions of the NIMS include coordination of the many agencies involved in any disaster response, training and certification of personnel for specific activities, and classification and management of resources. In addition to creation of the NIMS, the NRP assigns and coordinates various roles and responsibilities during disaster responses and provides specific plans, called annexes, for emergency support functions, other support functions, and specific types of incidents.
Variable FEC to reduce ECC overhead in digital video transmission

We propose a novel simple unequal FEC scheme to reduce ECC overhead in digital video transmission. In this scheme we initially derive equations for estimating ECC overhead for both equal and unequal error protection, study the packet loss rate for I, P, B and audio frames individually for diverse channel conditions, then devise a novel variable FEC scheme to reduce ECC overhead in digital video transmission. The simulation results show our proposed scheme can estimate the FEC overhead involved in different FEC schemes and control the extra ECC overhead involved in digital video transmission with minimal impact on the quality of video at the receiver. Also our proposed scheme is fairly simple to implement and hence reduces the computational overhead.
Studies with intravenous gitalin. I

Abstract An electrokymographic and ballistocardiographic study has been undertaken in order to study the effect of intravenous injections of various cardiac glycosides including strophanthin, gitalin, lanatoside C, and digitoxin. The electrokymogram of the left ventricular border or an optical ballistocardiogram were recorded before injection, soon after the injection, and about one hour later. Comparison was made between various glycosides in the same subjects. Eleven persons were studied by means of electrokymography, three normal persons and eight clinical patients. Fourteen persons were studied by means of ballistocardiography, three normal persons and eleven clinical patients. Five persons were studied by means of both methods. All clinical patients presented evidence of congestive failure. Correlation of the changes in amplitude of left ventricular electrokymography with those of the heart rate revealed early decrease in one out of three normal persons and in five out of eight clinical patients. On the other hand, one hour after injection, there was an increase in two out of eight clinical patients while a decrease was still present in three out of eight. No significant change was found in normal persons one hour after injection. Correlation of the changes of the ballistocardiographic complex IJK with those of the heart rate showed early decrease in two out of three normal persons, and in eight out of eleven clinical patients. One hour after injection, a relative decrease was found in three out of three normal persons, and in seven out of eleven clinical patients. Three out of eleven clinical patients presented a relative increase. The early decreased amplitude of pulsations of the left ventricle took place in a greater percentage of clinical patients than of normal persons. This decrease can be explained by the result of a reduced venous return to the heart and points to a similarity of early action of digitalis glycosides in normal persons and in patients in failure. On the other hand, one hour after the injection, one-fourth of the clinical patients presented increase of the electrokymographic and ballistocardiographic waves. This can be explained by direct stimulation of the myocardium and was not present in normal persons. No significant difference was found between the various cardiac glycosides in either the peripheral or the myocardial effect. This indicates that: (1) Gitalin has a similar effect to that of other glycosides of the digitalis group; (2) clinical differences found by other workers and by the authors between the therapeutic ratio of gitalin and that of other glycosides are not due to basic difference in the mechanism of action.
Impact of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia on survival in patients with breast, ovarian and cervical cancer: a systematic review

Background: Recent advances in chemotherapy administration, including targeted therapies and dose-dense scheduling have led to an increased incidence of neutropenia. Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia has been shown to be associated with improved treatment outcomes in various solid tumor types. We looked to summarize the relationship between chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and survival in patients with breast, ovarian and cervical cancer and describe future directions of research. Methodology/Principle Findings: A comprehensive PUBMED literature search was conducted using the key words “solid tumor,” “breast cancer,” “ovarian cancer,” “cervical cancer,” “endometrial cancer,” in combination with “chemotherapy,” “neutropenia,” “survival,” “disease recurrence,” and “prognosis.” The search was also guided through a review of the reference lists of original and review articles. Published papers included in the review met the following criteria: patients with breast, ovarian, endometrial or cervical cancer treated with chemotherapy; prospective and retrospective studies, both randomized and cohort designs, evaluating impact of neutropenia or leukopenia on disease outcome. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. Sample size ranged from 103-750 subjects. The majority of included studies were conducted in breast cancer patients (7 of 11). No studies related to endometrial cancer were identified. Outcome measures included overall survival, progression free survival and distant disease free survival. All studies were retrospective in nature. Of the 11 identified studies, 9 suggested that the occurrence of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia was associated with improvement in oncologic outcome. Conclusions/Significance: Evaluation of the impact of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia on outcomes in patients with breast, ovarian and cervical cancer is warranted utilizing prospectively collected data from patients enrolled in clinical trials.
Perceptual processes that create objects from fragments

Perception of object depends on a number of interacting information processing tasks. This paper gives a brief overview of processes of contour and object perceptions that overcome fragmentary input and produce representation of objects. A simple geometry accounting for contour interpolation is described, and its application to 2-D, 3-D, and spatiotemporal object interpolation processes is considered. Some aspects of the model -- especially the unified treatment of illusory and occluded objects -- raise questions about the nature of seeing. Although it is often believed that illusory objects are perceived, while occluded objects are inferred, I suggest that both the representational theory of mind and the result of research converge in supporting the unified account. Illusory and occluded contours and surfaces do not divide into the real, the perceived, and the inferred, but are all represented, and in key, derive from identical perceptual processes.