cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coping Strategies of Urban and Rural Welfare Organisations and the Regulation of the Poor

With a comparative case study of the social welfare systems of an urban and a rural county in the United States, I explore variation in local welfare implementation by examining organisational strategies. Service provision in the rural county is less diverse and less effective than in the urban county due to place-based factors; however, in the urban county more financial resources and capacity translates into more regulation of the clientele as well as resistance to neoliberal practices. Organisations whose existence depends upon benevolent elites adapt to their funding requirements by regulating clients of social services, including tactics of surveillance, elaborate verification, and restriction. The enforcement of low-wage work that is bracketed by national policy is highly constraining, but can be challenged through a welfare organisation when the right conditions are present for an empowered grassroots approach. These findings are situated within the more general literature on the changing governanc...
Manufacturing process of self-luminous glass tube (SLGT) utilizing tritium gas: Design of tritium handling facilities

Tritium, the essential material of self-luminous glass tube (SLGT), is a Β-ray emitting radioactive hydrogen isotope that requires a special handling facility. The design basis of a tritium handling facility is to minimize the operator’s exposure by tritium uptake and the emission of tritium to the environment. To fulfill the requirements, major tritium handling components are located in the secondary containment such as glove boxes (GBs) and/or fume hoods. Besides a tritium recovery system (TRS) and a tritium monitoring system are included in this facilities. To prevent both tritium release out to the room and air in-leakage into the GB, the GB is designed to maintain equal or slightly lower pressure than room atmosphere. TRS is connected to the GB and process loop (PL) to minimize the release of tritium as well as to remove moisture and oxygen in the glove box. TRS is composed of a molecular sieve adsorption bed (MS bed), a nickel catalyst bed, a metal getter, tritium monitors, and a circulation pump. TRS components are regenerated if needed and tritium is recovered for reuse.
Intravenous adenosine and lidocaine in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Abstract Objectives A pilot study was designed to assess the safety of combined intravenous adenosine lidocaine in patients with acute myocardial infarction to estimate the likelihood of a beneficial effect on final infarct size. Background Adenosine plus lidocaine reduces infarct size in animals but the safety efficacy in human beings is unknown. Methods and Results Adenosine (70 μg/kg per minute intravenous infusion) plus lidocaine (1 mg/kg intravenous bolus injection and 2 mg/kg per minute infusion) was given to 45 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Patients underwent immediate balloon angioplasty without preceding thrombolytic therapy. Myocardial perfusion defects were measured with serial technetium 99m sestamibi studies. One patient developed persisting hypotension in conjunction with a large inferolateral myocardial infarction. Transient hypotension in three other patients resolved with a reduction in adenosine. Advanced atrioventricular block was never observed. Other adverse events (including atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachyarrhythmia, bradycardia, and respiratory distress) occurred at low frequencies, as expected for patients with acute myocardial infarction. An initial median perfusion defect of 45% of the left ventricle (60% for anterior infarction, 17% for nonanterior infarction) was observed. At hospital discharge (mean ± SD=4.3 ± 2.1 days) the median value was 12%, and at 8 ± 4 weeks it was 3% (7% for anterior infarction, 0% for nonanterior infarction); 14 patients had no measurable follow-up. Compared with historical control patients, prehospital discharge measurements were not different but late perfusion defects were improved. Conclusions Treatment with intravenous adenosine and lidocaine during acute myocardial infarction has sufficient safety and potential for improved myocardial salvage. Randomized studies are justified. (Am Heart J 1998;136:196-204.)
Structure and function of large wood in Ozark headwater streams and its relationship to fish community structure

Fish community structure in headwater streams is often influenced by a suite of abiotic variables, such as water depth and flood frequency, channel substrate composition, and in-stream large wood (LW). Wood retained in streams and rivers performs a variety functions; for example, it alters flow, stores sediments, and provides habitat for aquatic biota. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify and characterize LW, (2) quantify the geomorphic functions of LW, and (3) identify the relationship between LW and fish community structure in Ozark headwater streams. Ten stream reaches with a gradient of LW were sampled in the Ozark-St. Francis National Forest, AR, USA. Single LW pieces, organic accumulations, and root wads were quantified and the geomorphic function of all LW recorded. Fish were identified, enumerated, and massed. LW density in our 10-study streams ranged from 50% functioned to store sediments, stabilize banks, or retain organic matter. Larger diameter wood was as...
Psychologists and Counselors in the Legal System: A Dialogue with Theodore Blau

Today there are increasing opportunities for counselors to contribute to the American legal system. In this dialogue Theodore Blau, a frequent expert witness, discusses various roles, benefits, and contributions of mental health professionals in the legal system.
The Reaggregation of Dissociated Embryonic Sea Urchin Cells

Studies carried out on reaggregating sea urchin embryonic cells reveal that reaggregating cells can give rise to normal pluteus larvae by three developmental pathways: (i) from clusters, (ii) from chains of beads, and (iii) from a tissue culture phase. Experiments carried out on a mixture of cells from two different species, Arbacia punctulata and Lytechinus pictus , demonstrate that reaggregation is species specific and that the sorting out of cells according to species occurs. Movement of cells within an aggregate is non-random and unidirectional. Electron microscope analysis of mixed aggregates of cells of the two species indicates that cells of the same species make initial contact and adhere to one another by means of numerous microvilli and with the formation of an intercellular hyaline-like material. Cells of the two different species adhere, but never by means of microvilli and no hyaline-like material can be detected on the cell surfaces. The results indicate a role in reaggregation of an intercellular material, possibly an intercellular cement.
Using fuzzy reinforcement learning for power control in wireless transmitters

Fuzzy set theory was recently shown to be an effective tool for generalizing the learned experience between similar states in reinforcement learning problems with large or continuous state spaces. In our previous work (2001) we presented the first convergence proof for an algorithm combining fuzzy sets and reinforcement learning. In this paper we apply our algorithm to a very challenging wireless power control problem characterized by heavily delayed rewards combined with several sources of randomness. The results show a considerable improvement in performance as compared to the optimal constant power transmission.
Reactions of ethynylferrocene and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne with (PPh3)2 Ni(CO)2, CO2(CO)8 and trans-(PPh3)2 IrCl(CO)

Abstract Ethynylferrocene (FcCCH, Fc = ferrocene)oligomerized to linear dimer FcCHCHCCFc (V), linear trimer FcCH-CHC(=CHFc)CCFc and 1,2,4triferrocenylbenzene in the presence of (PPh 3 ) 2 Ni(CO) 2 and its polymer-anchored analogs. The rate of oligomerization decreased as the crosslink density of the anchored catalysts increased, but product distribution remained the same as when the soluble catalyst was used. 3,3,3-Trifluoropropyne did not oligomerize at temperatures up to 150°. Ethynylferrocene was converted to μ-ferrocenylacetylenehexacarbonyldicobalt (VIII) upon reaction with one equivalent of Co 2 (CO) 8 . Reaction of ethynylferrocene with trans -(PPh 3 ) 2 IrCl(CO) gave V, VI and sixcoordinate CO(Cl)(FcCC)H(PPh 3 ) 2 Ir III (IX). Compound IX exhibited a Δ v (CO) of 42 cm −1 relative to Vaska's complex, just below the “easily reversible” category of Vaska, and it could not be isolated in pure form due to facile reductive elimination of ethynylferrocene. 3,3,3-Trifluoropropyne underwent oxidative addition with trans -(PPh 3 ) 2 IrCl(CO) to give six-coordinate CO(Cl)(CF 3 CC)H(PPh 3 ) 2 Ir III but no polymer was formed. Isolated X exhibited a Δ v (CO) of 85 cm −1 , placing it in the “stable-reversible” category.
A Catalytic Application of Co/Zr Heterobimetallic Complexes: Kumada Coupling of Unactivated Alkyl Halides with Alkyl Grignard Reagents

Tris(phosphanylamide) early/late heterobimetallic Zr/Co complexes, ClZr(R′NPR2)3CoI [R′ = iPr, R = Ph (1), R′ = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, R = iPr (2), R′ = R = iPr (3)], have been utilized as catalysts for the cross-coupling of alkyl halides with n-octylmagnesium bromide. While yields are consistently higher for alkyl bromide substrates, it is found that these unusual heterobimetallic complexes are also active towards more challenging alkyl chloride substrates. This is particularly interesting in light of the fact that monometallic cobalt complexes are inert towards these substrates, suggesting that Zr also plays a role in catalysis. Radical trapping studies suggest that a one-electron transfer radical oxidative addition pathway is operative.
Gegen und mit dem Strom schwimmen: Informationen für eine Lehreinheit zur Europäischen Union aus Schweizer Sicht

The European Union (EU) is generally taught in the German classroom from the perspective of Brussels or from Germany's leading role in the EU. Although Switzerland was a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and a member of the Council of Europe since 1963, the Swiss people voted twice against a full EU membership. The country has worked out a series of bilateral agreements with the EU that allows this fiercely independent country to participate in the European market and in European scientific, social, and cultural programs. Teaching Switzerland's stance on Europe highlights diplomacy and policy making and opens an array of controversial topics that help students understand the processes of state and nation, self and community, and extends their knowledge of Europe and Switzerland.
Biological hydrogen production from nitrogen‐deficient substrates

Dark fermentation of biomass using mixed bacterial cultures is one approach to producing renewable H(2). The objective of this work was to determine if this approach could be applied to N-deficient feedstocks using an N(2)-fixing mixed culture. A mixed culture produced up to 240 mL H(2)/g glucose (1.9 mol H(2)/mol glucose) from a medium initially lacking combined N. Yields from sugarcane were also promising: 170 mL H(2)/g volatile solids (7.5 mmol H(2)/g volatile solids). This approach could reduce economic and environmental costs of fermentative H(2) production, provide combined N for subsequent bioconversion stages, and improve effluent suitability for subsequent uses.
Junction breakdown instabilities in deep trench isolation structures

Junction breakdown voltage instability in a p-n junction formed in bulk silicon adjacent to a deep trench filled with polysilicon was investigated. The structure investigated consists of a 5- mu m-deep trench filled with heavily p-doped polysilicon. The trench is open at the bottom and is consequently shorted to the p-substrate. The time-dependent behavior of the walkout or the breakdown voltage instability is similar to that reported for planar p-n junctions terminating on surface oxide. Results suggest that trapping of holes in the trench sidewall dielectric is responsible for this phenomenon. The product of trapping center concentration and capture cross section N sigma is estimated to be 90 cm/sup -1/. >
Kinetic parameters from temperature-programmed reactions: The pyrolysis of polytetrafluoroethylene

Kinetic parameters from the Doyle thermograms have been calculated by the differential method. These results are compared with results calculated by an integral method. It is shown that in the case of a simple process having a single value for the activation energy and order of reaction, both methods lead to about the same results. For a more complex reaction, such as the volatilization of polytetrafluoroethylene, the integral method will lead to dubious results.
Extracting the Building Response Using Seismic Interferometry: Theory and Application to the Millikan Library in Pasadena, California

The motion of a building depends on the excitation, the coupling of the building to the ground, and the mechanical properties of the building. We separate the building response from the excitation and the ground coupling by deconvolving the motion recorded at different levels in the building and apply this to recordings of the motion in the Robert A. Millikan Library in Pasadena, California. This de- convolution allows for the separation of instrinsic attenuation and radiation damping. The waveforms obtained from deconvolution with the motion in the top floor show a superposition of one upgoing and one downgoing wave. The waveforms obtained by deconvolution with the motion in the basement can be formulated either as a sum of upgoing and downgoing waves, or as a sum over normal modes. Because these deconvolved waves for late time have a monochromatic character, they are most easily analyzed with normal-mode theory. For this building we estimate a shear velocity c 322 m/sec and a quality factor Q 20. These values explain both the propagating waves and the normal modes.
Fuzzy ARTMAP rule extraction in computational chemistry

We focus on extracting rules from a trained FAMR model. The FAMR is a Fuzzy ARTMAP (FAM) incremental learning system used for classification, probability estimation, and function approximation. The set of rules generated is post-processed in order to improve its generalization capability. Our method is suitable for small training sets. We compare our method with another neuro-fuzzy algorithm, and two standard decision tree algorithms: CART trees and Microsoft Decision Trees. Our goal is to improve efficiency of drug discovery, by providing medicinal chemists with a predictive tool for bioactivity of HIV-1 protease inhibitors.
Reply to Goksel and Tireli

We would like to thank Goksel and Tireli for their recent comments [1] on our recently published article [2]. We do not have any experience with off-pump surgery for cavopulmonary shunt or Fontan completion. This technique certainly has attractions of avoiding the potential deleterious effects of cardiopulmonary bypass as highlighted, particularly in terms of pulmonary vascular resistance and inflammatory response. It would be interesting to know the exact impact on the amount and duration of pleural drainage. Our greatest concernwith the off-pump technique is that is does not really allow for any reconstruction or plasty of the pulmonary arteries, which frequently needs addressing at the time of surgery, particularly following the Norwood procedure. We prefer a bypass approach which is close to normothermia on the beating heart and feel this allows for accurate assessment of the PAs and where necessary augmentation and reconstruction. It also guarantees maintenance of cardiac output should there be problems with bleeding or accessing the IVC. We await further evidence to evaluate the benefits and risks of offpump Fontan surgery.
ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ARTICULAR CARTILAGE OF MICE TREATED WITH SOMATOTROPHIN.

Administration of somatotropic hormone to newborn or weanling mice of strain C57BL Jax6 for one, two, or four weeks accelerated articular growth and development. The organelles were increased in number and the appearance of granular endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi vacuoles, multivesicular bodies, and glycogen was hastened. Toward the end of the developmental cycle, the chondrocytes swelled excessively and their plasmalemma ruptured without evidence of vascular erosion. After four weeks of treatment, there was premature breakdown of chondrocytes, their place being taken by fibrillar microscars. In the matrix, development of fibers was accentuated. The intensification of fibrillarity was followed by disorientation of the superficial collagen fibers with fraying of the articular covering. The functional significance of these findings, as well as their relation to aging changes in cartilage, is discussed.
What am I gonna wear?: scenario-oriented recommendation

Electronic Commerce on the Web is thriving, but consumers still have trouble finding products that will meet their needs and desires. AI has offered many kinds of Recommender Systems [11], but they are all oriented toward searching based on concrete attributes of the product (e.g. price, color) or the user (as in Collaborative Filtering). Based on commonsense reasoning technology, we introduce a novel recommendation technique, Scenario-Oriented Recommendation, which helps users by mapping their daily scenarios to product attributes, and works even when users don't know exactly what products they are looking for.
Induction of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin expression by IS1301 and orfA.

Most Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans strains express relatively low levels of leukotoxin, encoded by the orfA–ltxCABD operon. However, several strains isolated from patients with localized aggressive periodontitis are hyperleukotoxic and transcribe the ltx operon at high levels. These strains possess a copy of IS1301 in the ltx promoter and previous studies have suggested that the presence of the insertion sequence increases ltx transcription by uncoupling a cis-acting negative regulator of ltx expression from the basal elements of the ltx promoter. However, we now report that replacing IS1301 with an equal length of random sequence has little effect on transcriptional activity of the ltx promoter, suggesting that the physical displacement of the negative regulatory element does not contribute to the hyperleukotoxic phenotype of IS1301-containing strains. Instead, we show that a −10-like element upstream of the transposase ORF of IS1301 is required for increased transcriptional activity of the ltx promoter. Site-specific mutation of the −10 sequence, or reversing the orientation of IS1301 relative to the basal ltx promoter elements, reduced transcriptional activity to levels exhibited by the native ltx promoter. However, no increase in transcription was observed when IS1301 was recombinantly inserted into a ltx promoter that contained a truncated copy of orfA, suggesting that an intact orfA may also be required for IS1301-mediated induction of ltxCABD. Therefore, to determine if orfA functions as a regulator of ltx expression, three independent ltx-promoter–lacZ-reporter constructs containing frameshift mutations in orfA were analysed. Each exhibited significantly lower expression of β-galactosidase than the control reporter with intact orfA. In addition, OrfA protein was shown, by mobility shift electrophoresis, to interact with the ltx promoter at or downstream of the −35 sequence. These results suggest that a potential transposase promoter and the OrfA polypeptide may modulate leukotoxin expression in hyperleukotoxic A. actinomycetemcomitans strains containing IS1301.
Microeddy design and application for single cell trapping and monitoring

Microeddies formed by steady streaming in an oscillating flow can be useful for trapping single-cells in isolation or as arrayed elements. Here, we microfabricate a series of different steady streaming geometries to explore the trapping traits as a function of geometry, placement near or far from walls, and array configuration. To demonstrate device performance, we trap algae and perform single cell assays, with the goal of identifying useful phenotypes for bioenergy applications.
Genus distributions of graphs under self-edge-amalgamations

We investigate the well-known problem of counting graph imbeddings on all oriented surfaces with a focus on graphs that are obtained by pasting together two root-edges of another base graph. We require that the partitioned genus distribution of the base graph with respect to these root-edges be known and that both root-edges have two 2-valent endpoints. We derive general formulas for calculating the genus distributions of graphs that can be obtained either by self-co-amalgamating or by self-contra-amalgamating a base graph whose partitioned genus distribution is already known. We see how these general formulas provide a unified approach to calculating genus distributions of many new graph families, such as co-pasted and contra-pasted closed chains of copies of the triangular prism graph, as well as graph families like circular and M¨ obius ladders with previously known solutions to the genus distribution problem.
The Impact of Hurricane Katrina on the Mental and Physical Health of Low-Income Parents in New Orleans

The purpose of this study was to document changes in mental and physical health among 392 low-income parents exposed to Hurricane Katrina and to explore how hurricane-related stressors and loss relate to post-Katrina well-being. The prevalence of probable serious mental illness doubled, and nearly half of the respondents exhibited probable posttraumatic stress disorder. Higher levels of hurricane-related loss and stressors were generally associated with worse health outcomes, controlling for baseline sociodemographic and health measures. Higher baseline resources predicted fewer hurricane-associated stressors, but the consequences of stressors and loss were similar regardless of baseline resources. Adverse health consequences of Hurricane Katrina persisted for a year or more and were most severe for those experiencing the most stressors and loss. Long-term health and mental health services are needed for low-income disaster survivors, especially those who experience disaster-related stressors and loss.
Integrating Antimicrobial Pharmacology Teaching Using Multidisciplinary Faculty and Diverse Pedagogy Across the Preclinical Curriculum

Implementing integrated antimicrobial pharmacology education effectively is challenging but necessary since students struggle with comprehending infectious disease therapeutics. Despite its importance, the literature is lacking in best practices to teach integrated antimicrobial information across the preclinical curriculum. At the University of Central Florida College Of Medicine, we reviewed our revised antimicrobial preclinical curriculum to assess where, when, and how critical content was presented. Our results suggest that effective integration of antimicrobials requires collaborative design and implementation by multidisciplinary basic science and clinical faculty, appropriate scaffolding, clinically integrated assessments, and diverse pedagogies that facilitate learning of clinically relevant pharmacology.
Altered myocardial metabolic adaptation to increased fatty acid availability in cardiomyocyte-specific CLOCK mutant mice

Abstract A mismatch between fatty acid availability and utilization leads to cellular/organ dysfunction during cardiometabolic disease states (e.g., obesity, diabetes mellitus). This can precipitate cardiac dysfunction. The heart adapts to increased fatty acid availability at transcriptional, translational, post-translational and metabolic levels, thereby attenuating cardiomyopathy development. We have previously reported that the cardiomyocyte circadian clock regulates transcriptional responsiveness of the heart to acute increases in fatty acid availability (e.g., short-term fasting). The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the cardiomyocyte circadian clock plays a role in adaptation of the heart to chronic elevations in fatty acid availability. Fatty acid availability was increased in cardiomyocyte-specific CLOCK mutant (CCM) and wild-type (WT) littermate mice for 9 weeks in time-of-day-independent (streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes) and dependent (high fat diet meal feeding) manners. Indices of myocardial metabolic adaptation (e.g., substrate reliance perturbations) to STZ-induced diabetes and high fat meal feeding were found to be dependent on genotype. Various transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms were investigated, revealing that Cte1 mRNA induction in the heart during STZ-induced diabetes is attenuated in CCM hearts. At the functional level, time-of-day-dependent high fat meal feeding tended to influence cardiac function to a greater extent in WT versus CCM mice. Collectively, these data suggest that CLOCK (a circadian clock component) is important for metabolic adaption of the heart to prolonged elevations in fatty acid availability. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Heart Lipid Metabolism edited by G.D. Lopaschuk.
Mining a Weighted Heterogeneous Network Extracted from Healthcare-Specific Social Media for Identifying Interactions between Drugs

Drug-drug interaction (DDI) detection is an important issue of pharmacovigilance. Currently, approaches proposed to detection DDIs are mainly focused on data sources such as spontaneous reporting systems, electronic health records, chemical/pharmacological databases, and biomedical literatures. However, those data sources are limited either by low reporting ratio, access issue, or long publication time span. In this work, we propose to explore online health communities, a timely, informative and publicly available data source, for DDI detection. We construct a weighted heterogeneous healthcare network that contains drugs, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), diseases, and users extracted from online health consumer-contributed contents, extract topological features, develop weighted path count to quantify the features, and use supervised learning techniques to detect DDI signals. The experiment results show that weighted heterogeneous healthcare network using leverage and lift are more effective in DDI detection than both unweighted homogeneous and heterogeneous network.
Facing Future

There comes a point of no return in the life of every successful software-intensive system, a point where you can no longer place a pile of your best developers at one end of a lever and expect them to move the world. Rather, you must come to realize that putting piles of developers at the end of even the longest lever is no longer the right tool to use. Crossing that point while still preserving the values and the tribal memory of your organization's development culture requires some serious adult supervision.
Dehydrogenation Kinetics and Modeling Studies of 2LiBH4 + MgH2 Enhanced by NbF5 Catalyst

Although LiBH4–MgH2 composite shows excellent hydrogen storage capacity, it still has the problem of sluggish kinetics. To improve the hydrogen desorption kinetics, mixtures of LiBH4–MgH2 (2:1) wer...
Curvature Enhances Binding and Aggregation of Huntingtin at Lipid Membranes

Huntington disease (HD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease caused by an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) domain in the first exon of the huntingtin (Htt) protein, facilitating its aggregation. Htt interacts with a variety of membraneous structures within the cell, and the first 17 amino acids (Nt17) of Htt directly flanking the polyQ domain comprise an amphiphathic α-helix (AH) lipid-binding domain. AHs are also known to detect membrane curvature. To determine if Htt exon 1 preferentially binds curved membranes, in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies were performed. Supported lipid bilayers are commonly used as model membranes for AFM studies of protein aggregation. However, these supported bilayers usually lack curvature. By forming a bilayer on top of silica nanobeads (50 ± 10 nm) deposited on a silicon substrate, model supported lipid bilayers with flat and curved regions were developed for AFM studies. The presence of the bilayer over the beads was validated by continual imaging of the format...
The Paradox of Nontransitive Dice

(1994). The Paradox of Nontransitive Dice. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 101, No. 5, pp. 429-436.
Numerical Simulation and Parameter Analysis of Magnetic Field with Multi-magnetization Units for Pipe with Defect

The 3D models of partial pipe,magnetization structure and part of outer air are built using the finite element method.The distribution of magnetic field under single multi-magnetization units is displayed by the finite element analysis when the pipe contains columniform defect.Then the parameters such as H and B are collected and contrasted,and the influence between each magnetization unit is analyzed.The results will provide necessary basis in theory to the MFL used in the testing of pipe defect.
1863: Lincoln's pivotal year

1863 includes ten essays “designed to revisit and recalibrate both the large and small dramas of this watershed year” (6). The volume's authors, all household names in American Civil War historiogr...
Survey of gamasid mite species and evaluation of gamasid mite control efficacy in military camps in Shandong province, China

Objective To identify the species of gamasid mites in the military camps in Shandong province, China and evaluate the gamasid mite control efficacy.MethodsGamasid mites were collected from rodent bodies and subject to taxonomic identification. Integrated control measures based on environmental management and chemical application were exercised to control gamasid mites.ResultsA total of 1293 gamasid mites(28 species, 13 genera, and 6 families) were collected from 25 military camps distributed in 18 prefecture level regions of Shandong; 35.12% of rodents carried mites, and the mean mite index was 1.47 mites/rodent. The number of captured gamasid mites varied greatly at different survey sites. The dominant species of gamasid mites differed significantly across the military camps in different regions.ConclusionThere are diverse species of gamasid mites in and around the military camps in Shandong province. Good gamasid mite control efficacy can be achieved by integrated management including effective rodent control in military camps.
Spatiotemporal changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, cerebral blood flow, T2 and diffusion following mild traumatic brain injury

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) can be impaired following traumatic brain injury (TBI), however the spatiotemporal dynamics of BBB leakage remain incompletely understood. In this study, we evaluated the spatiotemporal evolution of BBB permeability using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and measured the volume transfer coefficient (K(trans)), a quantitative measure of contrast agent leakage across the blood and extravascular compartment. Measurements were made in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of mild TBI in rats from 1h to 7 days following TBI. The results were compared with cerebral blood flow, T2 and diffusion MRI from the same animal. Spatially, K(trans) changes were localized to superficial cortical layers within a 1mm thickness, which was dramatically different from the changes in cerebral blood flow, T2 and diffusion, which were localized to not only the superficial layers but also to brain regions up to 2.2mm from the cortical surface. Temporally, K(trans) changes peaked at day 3, similar to CBF and ADC changes, but differed from T2 and FA, whose changes peaked on day 2. The pattern of superficial cortical layer localization of K(trans) was consistent with patterns revealed by Evans Blue extravasation. Collectively, these results suggest that BBB disruption, edema formation, blood flow disturbance and diffusion changes are related to different components of the mechanical impact, and may play different roles in determining injury progression and tissue fate processes following TBI.
Early Azithromycin Treatment to Prevent Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Illnesses in Children.

The study by Dr Bacharier and colleagues1 found that using azithromycin in preschool children with a history of wheezing and respiratory tract infection (RTI) prevented progression to “severe” lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI). The authors defined severe LRTI as needing intensive rescue albuterol treatments; it was not defined as pneumonia, the classic definition of severe LRTI. Although azithromycin limited the need for intensive rescue albuterol, it did not prevent urgent care or emergency visits, hospitalizations, or future RTI episodes, arguably the most important prevention outcomes.
Should We Offer Blood Transfusions as a Palliative Therapy

The case of Ms. Demir is a common end-of-life quandary for those that are struck by myeloma and other hematological cancers. At some point the disease will not be suppressible and the uncontrolled ...
Machine learning of linear differential equations using Gaussian processes

This work leverages recent advances in probabilistic machine learning to discover governing equations expressed by parametric linear operators. Such equations involve, but are not limited to, ordinary and partial differential, integro-differential, and fractional order operators. Here, Gaussian process priors are modified according to the particular form of such operators and are employed to infer parameters of the linear equations from scarce and possibly noisy observations. Such observations may come from experiments or black-box computer simulations, as demonstrated in several synthetic examples and a realistic application in functional genomics. Employ probabilistic machine learning to discover governing equations expressed by parametric linear operators.Proper placement of Gaussian process priors allows one to efficiently infer model parameters via maximum likelihood estimation.A general treatment of inverse problems governed by linear operators, leading to model discovery from just a handful of noisy measurements.
MOAP-1, UBR5 and cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer

Over 22,000 American women are diagnosed with ovarian cancer each year and 14,000 die of this disease, making it the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths among women and the number one gynecological cancer. Ovarian cancer is primarily treated with surgical debulking and chemotherapy that includes a taxane, such as paclitaxel or docetaxel, which interferes with the breakdown of the mitotic spindle during mitosis, and a platinum-based DNA-damaging agent, such as cisplatin or carboplatin. Due to relatively facile peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer cells, chemotherapy is of major importance in eliminating peritoneal micrometastases. Most patients with serous ovarian cancer initially respond to treatment, causing the disease to enter remission, but tumors often develop resistance to chemotherapy upon subsequent recurrences. Determining the mechanisms of platinum and taxol resistance is important to understanding disease progression and identifying novel therapeutic targets and strategies. Platinum resistance occurs through many mechanisms, including upregulation of DNA repair mechanisms, enhanced drug efflux from cells and downregulation of the cellular response to apoptosis, among others (1).
“Which Gadda should I buy?” Taking stock of Gadda’s editions:

This article1 provides an account of the editorial and philological history of Carlo Emilio Gadda’s works. In particular, this paper seeks to offer useful guidelines to the reader who wants to appr...
Unsupervised Mechanisms for Optimizing On-Time Performance of Fixed Schedule Transit Vehicles

The on-time arrival performance of vehicles at stops is a critical metric for both riders and city planners to evaluate the reliability of a transit system. However, it is a non-trivial task for transit agencies to adjust the existing bus schedule to optimize the on-time performance for the future. For example, severe weather conditions and special events in the city could slow down traffic and cause bus delay. Furthermore, the delay of previous trips may affect the initial departure time of consecutive trips and generate accumulated delay. In this paper, we formulate the problem as a single-objective optimization task with constraints and propose a greedy algorithm and a genetic algorithm to generate bus schedules at timepoints that improve the bus on-time performance at timepoints which is indicated by whether the arrival delay is within the desired range. We use the Nashville bus system as a case study and simulate the optimization performance using historical data. The comparative analysis of the results identifies that delay patterns change over time and reveals the efficiency of the greedy and genetic algorithms.
Love’s Law? The Principle of Anarchy in a Weakened Communism

My essay looks at the status of love in Hermeneutic Communism. At the beginning of Chapter Three, Vattimo and Zabala refer to Rorty’s claim that the hermeneutical attitude is in the intellectual world what the democracy is in the political world and both can be viewed “as alternative appropriations of the Christian message that love is the only law.” They return to this notion of love further on, referring to a Nietzschean-Christian style, claiming: “Now that God is dead and the absolute truth is not credible anymore, love for the other is possible and necessary” (111-112). They go on to raise the question, “Can anyone continue to doubt that love for the other can coincide with a communist politics?” (112) I will explore their argument that love ought to be a replacement to the law, asking whether a politics of love allows for an alternative politics today. Is there not a long and bloody history of political love, a history of sacrificial violence in the name of love of god or love of country? The response could be, “yes, but this is not yet love of the other.” But are things any better when we love the other? First can we love the other? Secondly, does love replace the law or is the Christian imperative, “Love thy neighbor,” itself a form of law? Here I will recall Freud when he points to the ambivalence of human beings—love and hate--such that we need to be commanded to love? Finally, why the turn to political affections at all? If politics, as Arendt claims and whom the authors cite, is rooted in activity in concert with a plurality of others to create a public space,” then politically, would not a reflection on the kinds of political activities necessary for such a public space be more productive than for a hermeneutic communism? Taking up their reference to Arendt, my essay will conclude by finding resources within Hermeneutic Communism for an alternative to love, namely the notion of political action, which I claim is more productive for a communist politics. This last will raise the question of the status of political principles, specifically the status of the universal in this very important work.
BDE-47 and BDE-85 stimulate insulin secretion in INS-1 832/13 pancreatic β-cells through the thyroid receptor and Akt

PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) are environmental pollutants that have been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes, however, the precise mechanisms are not clear. Particularly, their direct effect on insulin secretion is unknown. In this study, we show that two PBDE congeners, BDE-47 and BDE-85, potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in INS-1 832/13 cells. This effect of BDE-47 and BDE-85 on GSIS was dependent on thyroid receptor (TR). Both BDE-47 and BDE-85 (10μM) activated Akt during an acute exposure. The activation of Akt by BDE-47 and BDE-85 plays a role in their potentiation of GSIS, as pharmacological inhibition of PI3K, an upstream activator of Akt, significantly lowers GSIS compared to compounds alone. This study shows that BDE-47 and BDE-85 directly act on pancreatic β-cells to stimulate GSIS, and that this effect is mediated by the thyroid receptor (TR) and Akt activation.
Northern Delaware Early Head Start: An Interagency Approach to Supporting Children and Families

Northern Delaware Early Head Start (NDEHS) is a collaborative interagency program designed, implemented, and evaluated by a consortium of Delaware agencies committed to empowering and supporting pregnant women, infants, and toddlers, and their families. The consortium is comprised of six agencies including New Castle County Head Start, Wilmington Head Start, Easter Seal Society of Del-Mar, Children and Families First, Delaware Association of Child Care Professionals, and the Center for Disabilities Studies and the Department of Individual and Family Studies at the University of Delaware. The University serves as the grantee and coordinator of the consortium. The program was funded in October 1997 during the third national wave of federal support to develop Early Head Start programs. The NDEHS consortium of agencies represents an innovative collaborative model bringing together the university with a diverse group of nonprofit community agencies to provide direct services to 95 children and families in the local area. The consortium also works to have an impact on many more families and service providers as a result of its capacity-building approach in the areas of child care, family support, and service coordination.
Listening to the City: Difference, Identity, and Storytelling in Online Deliberative Groups

This study examines how members of deliberative groups tell and respond to personal stories during their disagreements. The study provides an in-depth qualitative analysis of some online discussions hosted by AmericaSpeaks in which New Yorkers discussed how to redevelop the site of the former World Trade Center after its destruction on September 11, 2001. Participants’ stories fell into four distinct types: adversarial argument, unitary argument, introduction, and transformation. These stories helped group members build arguments, maintain or challenge their group’s collective identity, display community values, and manage their conflicts. The findings of this study indicate that deliberative theory ought to more explicitly recognize storytelling as a legitimate form of deliberative discourse. Moreover, the study of storytelling during deliberative discussion can hold implications for group facilitators and others who wish to further deliberative ideals.
Cardiac Dysrhythmia After Lidocaine Infusion

Non-opiate infusion therapy is a treatment option for a variety of conditions. Intravenous lidocaine, for example, has been used to treat neuropathic pain. Central and peripheral mechanisms have been postulated for lidocaine, but the exact mechanisms of analgesia are not completely understood. Systemic toxicity most often involves the central nervous system or the cardiovascular system. Adverse reactions, even when lidocaine is properly administered, have been observed in as little as 30 s or may take up to 60 min to appear. Delay in recognizing the signs of toxicity can be devastating and lead to dysrhythmias and cardiac collapse. A patient’s comorbidities and medications affect the metabolism of lidocaine. A detailed patient history, proper monitoring, and supportive therapies should be available before and during systemic infusions.
Novice and Expert Sensemaking of Crowdsourced Design Feedback

Online feedback exchange (OFE) systems are an increasingly popular way to test concepts with millions of target users before going to market. Yet, we know little about how designers make sense of this abundant feedback. This empirical study investigates how expert and novice designers make sense of feedback in OFE systems. We observed that when feedback conflicted with frames originating from the participant's design knowledge, experts were more likely than novices to question the inconsistency, seeking critical information to expand their understanding of the design goals. Our results suggest that in order for OFE systems to be truly effective, they must be able to support nuances in sensemaking activities of novice and expert users.
Resisting the Master Narrative: Building the Alternative Black Counter-Canon

This chapter will examine the process of “narrative rewriting” of a counter-canon as an essential part of the development of the alternative black curriculum. First, the Chapter will consider the different institutional visions of Carter G. Woodson and W.E.B. Du Bois as they sought to define the contours of the alternative black curriculum. Two periodicals will be presented: The Brownie Book and The Negro History Bulletin. Edited by W.E.B. Du Bois and Jessie Redmon Fauset, The Brownie Book was the first literary magazine targeting African American children. This chapter then examines the career of Leila Amos Pendleton who wrote A Narrative of the Negro (1912), one of the few textbooks written by black women during the Progressive Era. In addition, I will compare the texts Unsung Heroes by Elizabeth Ross Haynes and Missing Pages in American History by Laura Eliza Wilkes as exemplars of books which also challenge narratives in textbooks. Finally, the Chapter will examine the books The Mis-Education of the Negro (1933) and Black Reconstruction (1935) as exemplars of the counter-canon that are embodied in the alternative black curriculum.
Domain dependence in parallel constraint satisfaction

We describe a general technique for expressing domain knowledge in constraint satisfaction problems, and using it to develop optimized parallel arc consistency algorithms for the solution of problems in the domain. The technique is applied to reduce the space complexity of the the massively parallel AC Chip algorithm. Results of the optimizations are shown for an object recognition domain in which they reduce the complexity of the chip by many orders of magnitude. The technique can be applied analogously to reduce the time complexity of the uniprocessor arc consistency algorithm AC-4.
Digital Media and the Politics of Disaster Recovery in New Orleans

In the wake of Hurricane Katrina and the failure of the federal hurricane protection system, residents of New Orleans have struggled to rebuild their city in a context of uncertainty, contested leadership, and a highly politicized planning process. In the absence of a well-organized process, people have turned to other modes of planning action to address the problems of communication and information experienced during the recovery. In this chaotic context, digital communication tools served as an indispensible medium for disaster recovery by providing a forum for the critique of planning, which reflects a significant process of social learning and socio-political empowerment (Rocha, 1997).
Lagging Sectors and Regions of the American Economy

The problem of low incomes has a number of facets: (1) the economically disadvantaged groups in our society; (2) the low-income industries; (3) the low-income regions; and (4) the national costs arising from the underemployment of part of the labor force. Each of these adds something to the total picture and each involves some special policy issues. Also, while these various elements—group, industry, region, and nation—are interrelated, they are significant in themselves. The most severe difficulties arise when all these are compounded, as in the case of isolated agricultural regions with limited resources, worked-out land, small farms, and a majority of Negro farmers.