cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EEG findings and clinico-radiographic correlation in nataluzimab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (P5.387)

Objective: To describe the clinical, radiographic, and EEG features of nataluzimab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (nataluzimab-PML) patients with suspected seizures. Background: Seizures are a known complication of nataluzimab-PML, especially during immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). However, specific EEG findings have not been described or correlated with clinical/radiographic data. Design/Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with nataluzimab-PML at a tertiary referral center from 2010–2015. We evaluated EEGs performed during suspected seizures and reviewed concurrent MRIs with a senior neuroradiologist. EEG findings were compared to MRI abnormalities and descriptions of clinical events. Results: 12/14 (85.7%) patients were female; mean age of nataluzimab-PML onset was 43.9. Though 11/14 received seizure prophylaxis, 9/14 (64.3%) underwent EEGs for suspected seizures during IRIS: 7/9 (77.8%) focal motor, 5 (55.6%) isolated altered mental status (AMS), 3 (33.3%) dyscognitive/automotor. Interictal electrographic activity comprised 6 (66.7%) with a combination of focal fast and rhythmic slow (FFRS), 6 (66.7%) intermittent irregular regional slowing, 5 (55.6%) intermittent bifrontal delta, 4 (44.4%) PLED/PREDs, 2 (22.2%) intermittent temporal rhythmic theta. Only 1 (11.1%) featured independent regional epileptiform discharges. Ictal patterns included 4 (44.4%) regional repetitive rhythmic spiking, 2 (22.2%) evolving regional rhythmic activity, 1 (11.1%) ictal intermittent regional rhythmic delta activity. All MRIs demonstrated restricted diffusion, with 6 (66.7%) new/increasing T2/FLAIR hyperintensities, 4 (44.4%) enhancement, 4 (44.4%) hyperintense cortical signal (HCS). 3/9 had pre-seizure HCS. Co-localization of MRI to epileptiform activity was 72.2% for enhancement, 61.1% HCS, 52.6% FLAIR/DWI. Conclusions: Seizures were the most common presenting symptom of nataluzimab-PML IRIS, despite prophylaxis. Isolated AMS was a frequent presentation. EEG findings suggest regional coexistence of subcortical pathology and cortical irritability. FFRS was the most frequent epileptiform abnormality. Epileptiform activity co-localized most reliably with radiographic enhancement. 5/9 patients required chronic seizure treatment. This data highlights the value of early EEG as a prospective diagnostic tool for patients with nataluzimab-PML. Disclosure: Dr. Husain has nothing to disclose. Dr. Balabanov has received personal compensation for activities with Biogen Idec, Teva Neuroscience, Questor, and Acorda Therapeutics as a consultant, speaker and has served on advisory boards. Dr. Jhaveri has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sierra Morales has nothing to disclose. Dr. Koralnik has received personal compensation for activities with Johnson & Johnson as a scientific advisory board member. Dr. Bermeo Ovalle has nothing to disclose.
Multimedia — Perspektiven und Trends

In der letzten Zeit beobachten wir eine zunehmende Integration von Bewegtbildern und Audioanteilen in die Datenverarbeitung. Diese als MultimediaIntegration bezeichnete Entwicklung stellt neue Anforderungen an alle Bereiche der Datenverarbeitung, d.h. sowohl an clic Rechnerhardware, die Rechnernetze als auch an die Betriebs- und Anwendungsprogramme. Im Folgenden sollen die wesentlichen Entwicklungen in diesem Bereich kurz skizziert werden.
Analysis of Network Representations

A criticism frequently leveled at the connectionist paradigm is that while it may work, it is of little use since we don’t understand how or why it works. While I would dispute the claim that a “black-box” connectionist solution to a difficult problem is entirely useless, I agree that understanding the details of a solution is important. Understanding the processing being performed can point out situations or conditions where the system is likely to fail. Knowing a system’s limitations is critical in domains such as autonomous navigation where mistakes can be catastrophic. Also, recognizing a system’s limitations and the reasons underlying them are prerequisites for improving the system’s performance. As a result, I have spent considerable time and effort developing techniques for analyzing a network’s internal representations.
Great Lakes Monitoring Activities

A brief discussion is given of the multimedia, multijurisdictional, multipurpose monitoring program in the Great Lakes basin. Major conclusions of the intensive 2-year study on Lake Michigan are presented. The fish flesh monitoring program, which has been increasing in importance and intensity, is described in some detail.
Minimizing Complications in Breast Reconstruction

It is essential to understand the principles of breast reconstruction regardless of the method in order to minimize complications. Certain complications are universal to all methods of breast reconstruction and must always be considered regardless of the method employed. In addition, it is imperative to consider the limitations of each particular method of breast reconstruction and the complications specific to that procedure. One must also realize the effects of adjuvant treatments such as induction chemotherapy on wound healing. The effects of prior and future radiation can never be underestimated as well. We now have ample experience and evidence showing the deleterious effects of post-operative radiotherapy on breast reconstruction. Systemic disease states such as diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled hypertension, obesity, smoking and immunosuppression can also influence a poor outcome.
Head Circumference Reference Data: Birth to 18 Years

Highly reliable data from a sample of 888 white US children, measured serially in a single study, have been used to provide reference data for head circumference from birth to 18 years of age. The present data differ little from those already available for the age range from birth to 36 months of age, but they are considerably higher (about 0.5 cm) at older ages for boys and tend to be slightly higher for girls. These new reference data are smoother across age than those used currently for screening and evaluation. Percentiles for 6-month increments from birth to 6 years have been provided.
Frequency Response Verification of Analog Circuits Using Global Optimization Techniques

This paper develops a new formal technique to verify the frequency response of analog circuits using global optimization techniques. Since simulation-based approaches are unable to cover the design space, there is a need for formal approaches to verify large circuits. Drawing parallels from the digital domain, the verification problem in the analog domain is modeled as a non-linear optimization problem and solved using global optimization techniques by ensuring that the implementation response is bounded within an envelope around the specification. We also address the problem of verifying frequency response under the influence of parameter variations. Direct as well as indirect techniques are illustrated using accurate frequency response models. Experimental results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
Formal methods for developing high assurance computer systems: working group report

The Second International Workshop on Industrial-Strength Formal Techniques (WIFT'98) was held in October, 1998, in Boca Raton, Florida. At the workshop, four different discussion groups investigated various topics. This report summarizes the discussions conducted on the topic Formal Methods for Developing High Assurance Systems. The consensus of the group was that formal methods are mature enough to be applied in software development. The methods have proven their worth in numerous industrial projects, and there is little doubt that they have an important place in the software development process. Transferring formal methods technology to industry is largely a non-technical problem (it is often a culture clash) and the transfer is happening (slowly). The group agreed that there have been few major breakthroughs in formal methods usage since WIFT'95. The one notable exception is the increased use of model checking technology in microprocessor design. In the hardware community, the use of formal methods has moved into the rapid adoption stage, and some formal analysis tools have become part of the standard practice. The use of formal methods in software engineering is currently limited to the early adopters. The challenge for the software community for the next few years is to follow the lead of the hardware community by successfully transferring formal methods technology into the development of high-assurance software systems.
Mechanism and structure of thioredoxin reductase from Escherichia coli.

The flavoprotein thioredoxin reductase catalyzes the reduction of the small redox protein thioredoxin by NADPH. Thioredoxin reductase contains a redox active disulfide and is a member of the pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family of flavoenzymes that includes lipoamide dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, trypanothione reductase, mercuric reductase, and NADH peroxidase. The structure of thioredoxin reductase has recently been determined from X-ray crystallographic data. In this paper, we attempt to correlate the structure with a considerable body of mechanistic data and to arrive at a mechanism consistent with both. The path of reducing equivalents in catalysis by glutathione reductase and lipoamide dehydrogenase is clear. To envisage the path of reducing equivalents in catalysis by thioredoxin reductase, a conformational change is required in which the NADPH domain rotates relative to the FAD domain. The rotation moves the nascent dithiol from its observed position adjacent to the re surfac...
Experimental Design Models

The design of an experiment is extremely important. It identifies the class of linear models that can be used to analyze the results of the experiment. Perhaps more accurately, the design identifies large classes of models that are inappropriate for the analysis of the experiment. Finding appropriate models can be difficult even in well designed experiments.
Dominant Role for TL1A/DR3 Pathway in IL-12 plus IL-18-Induced IFN-γ Production by Peripheral Blood and Mucosal CCR9+ T Lymphocytes

The TNF-like cytokine TL1A augments IFN-gamma production by anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 and IL-12/IL-18-stimulated peripheral blood (PB) T cells. However, only a small subset of PB T cells respond to TL1A stimulation with IFN-gamma production. PB CCR9+ T cells represent a small subset of circulating T cells with mucosal T cell characteristics and a Th1/Tr1 cytokine profile. In the current study, we show that TL1A enhanced IFN-gamma production by TCR- or CD2/CD28-stimulated CCR9(+)CD4+ PB T cells. However, TL1A had the most pronounced effect on augmenting IFN-gamma production by IL-12/IL-18-primed CCR9(+)CD4+ PB T cells. TL1A enhanced both the percentage and the mean fluorescence intensity of IFN-gamma in CCR9(+)CD4+ T cells as assessed by intracellular cytokine staining. IL-12 plus IL-18 up-regulated DR3 expression in CCR9(+)CD4+ T cells but had negligible effect on CCR9(-)CD4+ T cells. CCR9(+)CD4+ T cells isolated from the small intestine showed a 37- to 105-fold enhancement of IFN-gamma production when TL1A was added to the IL-12/IL18 cytokine combination. Cell membrane-expressed TL1A was preferentially expressed in CCR9(+)CD4+ PB T cells, and a blocking anti-TL1A mAb inhibited IFN-gamma production by cytokine-primed CCR9(+)CD4+ T cells by approximately 50%. Our data show that the TL1A/DR3 pathway plays a dominant role in the ultimate level of cytokine-induced IFN-gamma production by CCR9+ mucosal and gut-homing PB T cells and could play an important role in Th1-mediated intestinal diseases, such as Crohn's disease, where increased expression of IL-12, IL-18, TL1A, and DR3 converge in the inflamed intestinal mucosa.
Lithospheric discontinuity structure in Alaska, thickness variations determined by Sp receiver functions

We present the first broad-scale image of lithospheric thickness across the major tectonic domains of Alaska based on S wave receiver functions and joint interpretation with the potential field, seismic velocity, and heat flow measurements. Thus, we provide context for the distribution of strain throughout the Alaskan orocline. In the north, below the Brooks Range, a 130 km thick lithosphere is resolved, consistent with the presence of strong lithosphere that deflects strain to the south into central and southern Alaska. In southern Alaska beneath the Chugach and St. Elias Mountains, multiple interfaces are present, and we interpret a thinner (80–90 km) North American lithosphere above a deeper interface that represents the base of the Yakutat microplate, thereby extending it to the area below the Wrangell Volcanic Field and St. Elias Mountains. Immediately north of the E-W striking Denali Fault, shallow negative conversions (80 km) denote thin lithosphere in the greater back-arc region where heat flow is observed to be high. Thin lithosphere in eastern Alaska and adjacent Yukon Territory coincides with the occurrence of inboard crustal seismicity and may be indicative of transmitted compression caused by the collision of the Yakutat microplate. Relatively thin lithosphere (<90 km) south of the Arctic Alaska domain that is deforming throughout the Alaskan orocline may result from lithospheric thinning associated with guided deformation. Expansion of this model using the upcoming Transportable Array will be critical to establish lateral continuity (or lack thereof) of lithospheric structure and directly discriminate between existing regional deformation models.
Systemic Corticosteroids in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations (SCCOPE): Rationale and Design of an Equivalence Trial

The Systemic Corticosteroids in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations Trial (SCCOPE) was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial sponsored by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program. Its principal purpose was to determine whether withholding systemic corticosteroids in patients hospitalized for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who were treated with other usual therapy resulted in a clinically significant increase in the rate of treatment failure. Because placebo was compared to a standard therapy, the study was designed as an equivalence trial. If corticosteroids proved effective, the study would also determine whether a short course was as effective as a long one. SCCOPE was to enroll up to 1100 subjects from more than 20 Veterans Administration Medical Centers over 3 years. Patients were screened shortly after hospital admission for acute exacerbation of COPD. Principal criteria for eligibility were age of 50 years or older, smoking history of 30 pack-years or more, clinical diagnosis of COPD as opposed to asthma, nonuse of systemic corticosteroids in the previous 30 days, and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) of 1500 ml or less. Eligible subjects were randomized to one of three treatment arms: (1) short course (2 weeks) of systemic corticosteroids, (2) long course (8 weeks) of systemic corticosteroids, or (3) placebo. We standardized most other aspects of care. We followed patients for 6 months. The primary endpoint of the study was treatment failure, defined as death, intubation with mechanical ventilation, hospital readmission for COPD, or intensification of pharmacologic therapy. Secondary endpoints included length of hospital stay, changes in FEV1, and changes in dyspnea score. We also evaluated possible adverse effects from systemic corticosteroids.
Rock-Around Orbits

A new class of orbits, called rock-around orbits, which are compatible to an assigned target orbit, is presented. These orbits allow the design of systems whose purpose is to explore and/or observe the space around an assigned target orbit. The proposed orbit design guarantees that, within a given repetition time, the whole space around the target orbit is observed under a prescribed maximum observation distance constraint. Potential applications can be civilian, to design orbits for mapping and monitoring systems, as well as military, to design orbits for space-based surveillance systems. This study shows how to design rock-around orbits for circular and elliptical target orbits, how to evaluate the observation efficiency, and how to estimate the orbit maintenance costs.
Innovation policy vacuum: Navigating unmarked paths

Abstract Technology innovation enables the adoption of practices at a much faster pace than society codifies norms and adopts policies for its appropriate use. Sometimes what an organization “can do” is not what the organization “ought to do.” The gap between a practice made possible by innovation and the lagging expressed norms creates a policy vacuum. The actions of Google, Apple, and others have been widely reported and often challenged, yet many times these actions are not in violation of laws. Even when the conduct is “legal”, the strong public reaction indicates that the practice crosses some line. This paper explores how a deeper analysis of unexpressed norms – hypernorms, unexpressed social norms, cultural values, and the spirit of the law – provides direction through the perceived policy vacuum. We compare the traditional approach to policy vacuum analysis focused on expressed norms, with the broader approach comparing Germany’s and the United States’ norms of privacy. The comparison reveals that the perceived policy vacuums are navigable when the organization intentionally identifies relevant social norms and cultural values.
Management of heart failure. III. The role of revascularization in the treatment of patients with moderate or severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

Objective. —This article reviews the benefits and risks of coronary artery bypass grafting and angioplasty for patients with moderate or severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction and summarizes the recommendations of the expert panel for the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Heart Failure Guideline. Data Sources. —Data were obtained from studies published in English and referenced in MEDLINE or EMBASE between 1966 and 1993. We used the search terms heart failure, congestive; congestive heart failure; heart failure; cardiac failure ; and dilated cardiomyopathy in conjunction with the terms coronary artery bypass grafting and angioplasty . Study Selection. —All cohort studies and case series that provided separate outcomes data on a subgroup of patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction less than 0.40 were reviewed. Data Extraction and Synthesis. —Studies were reviewed for inclusion and exclusion criteria, survival, and functional status measures using a standardized form. Cohort studies were assessed on eight aspects of study quality using a defined list of study flaws. Conclusion. —Coronary artery bypass grafting improves 3-year survival by approximately 30% to 50% and physical functioning by approximately one New York Heart Association class in patients with moderate to severe left ventricular dysfunction and limiting angina. However, the operative mortality ranges from 5% to 30% depending on patients' ejection fractions and comorbidity. It is not clear whether patients whose predominant symptom is heart failure rather than angina benefit from bypass surgery or how much ischemia is required to justify surgical intervention. Clinical outcomes after angioplasty have not been adequately studied to determine the relative risks and benefits compared with bypass grafting. ( JAMA . 1994;272:1528-1534)
Oxidative assimilation and endogenous respiration of Rhodotorula graminis.

SummaryResults of the 14C-distribution studies suggest that equilibria (steady state conditions) are maintained between the various constituents of the cells, at least during the early stages of endogenous respiration and before death becomes a major factor. The loss of nitrogen from the cells as NH3 would result in some shift in internal conditions. The results indicate that the oxidative assimilatory and endogenous respiratory activities of the oxidative yeast R. graminis are similar to those reported for fermentative yeasts and for bacteria. The results of the RQ studies and those on the amino acid pool and on NH3 production indicate that amino acids are a major endogenous substrate for this organism. Carbohydrate, which is an endogenous substrate for various species of yeast, does not appear to act as such to a marked extent for R. graminis.
Variation in Ovii X-ray line-emission from the solar corona

The variation in intensity of the solar X-ray resonance (1s21S0 - 1s2p1P1), intercombination (1s21S0 - 1s2p3P1), and forbidden (1s21S0 - 1s2s3P1) lines of helium-like Ovii with 2800 MHz solar radio flux is presented for three solar rotations. A high correlation (r ≈ 0.80) exists between the intensities of all three X-ray lines and the 2800 MHz solar flux. The ratio of the forbidden to the intercombination line intensities is found to be essentially independent of long term solar activity. This ratio is used to determine upper limits on the coronal electron density and to make inferences concerning the change in density with solar activity.
Dichroism of the macular pigment and Haidinger's brushes.

It seems quite certain that the visual entopic phenomenon called Haidinger’s brushes is a consequence of dichroism of the macular pigment; this dichroism is usually ascribed to orientation of the pigment molecules. An alternative explanation of the dichroism, an explanation that requires no orientation of pigment molecules, is investigated and shown to be feasible. Specifically, it is shown that form dichroism that is due to the structure of the Henle fiber layer can account for Haidinger’s brushes if the macular pigment is almost entirely confined to the Henle layer, if individual fibers have an index about 5% higher than that of the interfiber medium, and if the fibers form a tightly packed array.
Beer’s Law Is Not a Straight Line: Amplification of Errors by Transformation

Beer’s law plots are commonly straight-line graphs in which absorbance is plotted versus concentration. The errors in such a plot are accentuated in the high-absorbance region due to the logarithmic transformation. This paper discusses the errors inherent in all Beer’s law plots and the choices the student has available: the use of either linear or nonlinear plotting methods. An experiment is described in which student Beer’s law data are treated in several ways to find out if transformation errors are significant. The conclusion is that if the absorbance values obtained for the calibration data exceed A=1, then nonlinear regression or weighted linear regression is indicated.
Backpropagation neural networks for fuzzy logic

Abstract Expert systems play a crucial role in the application of artificial intelligence to real problems. There are numerous methods of dealing with uncertainty in expert systems. Fuzzy logic is one such approach, in which the uncertainty is represented by possibility distributions for the antecedents and consequent of a rule. An uncertain input can be propagated to the consequent by a variety of mechanisms. This generality results in a higher computational burden for the system. More importantly, a means of controlling the response of the system to variations in input conditions is needed. In this paper, feedforward neural networks are proposed as a means of controlling this generality as well as providing the parallel computation necessary for fuzzy logic. It is demonstrated that these networks can learn and extrapolate complex relationships between antecedents and consequents for rules containing single and conjunctive antecedent clauses. Also, multiple compatible rules can be stored in a single network structure, increasing the efficiency of rule storage, and providing a natural mechanism for conflict resolution.
The use of the holmium:YAG laser in coronary disease: the utility of a unique lensed fiber catheter.

Alternatives to balloon angioplasty, which has a restenosis rate of 25%–68%, are being sought for patients at high risk for restenosis. The mid-infrared holmium laser may have properties more advantageous for coronary angioplasty than the ultraviolet excimer laser. The Coronary HaloCath (Trimedyne, Inc.) has a diverging lens that allows the beam diameter to approximate the catheter tip diameter, increasing the size of the channel that can be created by laser ablation. This unique ability may make it more efficacious in treating arteriosclerotic disease. This device was used to treat: I) a chronic total occlusion, creating a recanalized diameter larger than the catheter diameter; and 2) an ostial right coronary stenosis, which opened more readily than would have been expected with balloon angioplasty. The Coronary HaloCath may prove useful in difficult-to-treat coronary lesions. (J Interven Cardiol 1992; 5:293–300)
Mechanical deformation of dendrites by fluid flow

It is generally accepted that liquid agitation during alloy solidification assists in crystal multiplication, as in dendrite fragmentation and the detachment of side arms in the mushy region of a casting. Even without deliberate stirring by electromagnetic or mechanical means, there is often vigorous interdendritic fluid flow promoted by natural thermosolutal convection. Interdendritic fluid flow rates in metals might be as high as 10 mm s{sup {minus}1}. It is the purpose of this article to examine whether such fluid flow can cause mechanical deformation of dendrites, sufficient to cause side arms to bend or break. Metals are so ductile at their melting points that applied forces could only be expected to cause bending, as opposed to fracture, although there are no reports of which the authors are aware of dendritic arms being mechanically bent in this way. The following estimates demonstrate why even bending is not to be expected. In this analysis, the authors shall estimate the stress at the root of a secondary dendrite arm of aluminum arising from the action of a flow of molten metal past the dendrite arm.
Cascading Activation: Contesting the White House's Frame After 9/11

President Bush's initial frame for the attacks of September 11, 2001, overwhelmingly dominated the news. Using that frame as a springboard, this article advances a coherent conception of framing within a new model of the relationship between government and the media in U.S. foreign policy making. The cascading activation model supplements research using the hegemony or indexing approaches. The model explains how interpretive frames activate and spread from the top level of a stratified system (the White House) to the network of nonadministration elites, and on to news organizations, their texts, and the public--and how interpretations feed back from lower to higher levels. To illustrate the model's potential, the article explores the frame challenge mounted by two journalists, Seymour Hersh and Thomas Friedman, who attempted to shift the focus from Afghanistan to Saudi Arabia. As hegemony theory predicts, 9/11 revealed yet again that media patrol the boundaries of culture and keep discord within conventio...
Characterization of cardiac innervation in the nudibranch, Archidoris montereyensis.

The heart of the nudibranch mollusc Archidoris montereyensis is regulated by a small number of powerful effector neurons located in the right pleural and visceral ganglia. Two identifiable neurons in the pleural ganglion, a heart excitor (plHE) and a heart inhibitor (PlHI), are especially important regulators of cardiac function in that low levels of spontaneous activity in either cell significantly alters the amplitude and rate of heart contractions. These neurons have extensive dendritic arbors within the right pleural ganglion and branching axonal processes within the visceral ganglion. The visceral ganglion also contains a heart excitor neuron (VHE) and at least two heart inhibitor neurons (VHI cells), but their influence on cardiac activity is weaker than that of the pleural ganglion cells. All of these heart effector cells appear to be motor neurons with axons that terminate predominately in the atrio-ventricular valve region of the heart via the pericardial nerve. The simplicity and strength of these neuronal connections to the heart of Archidoris make this a favorable preparation for studies of cardiac regulation.
Photodissociation dynamics of nitromethane at 226 and 271 nm at both nanosecond and femtosecond time scales.

Photodissociation of nitromethane has been investigated for decades both theoretically and experimentally; however, as a whole picture, the dissociation dynamics for nitromethane are still not clear, although many different mechanisms have been proposed. To make a complete interpretation of these different mechanisms, photolysis of nitromethane at 226 and 271 nm under both collisional and collisionless conditions is investigated at nanosecond and femtosecond time scales. These two laser wavelengths correspond to the π* ← π and π* ← n excitations of nitromethane, respectively. In nanosecond 226 nm (π* ← π) photolysis experiments, CH3 and NO radicals are observed as major products employing resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization techniques and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Additionally, OH and CH3O radicals are weakly observed as dissociation products employing laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy; the CH3O product is only observed under collisional conditions. In femtosecond 226 nm experiments, C...
Zeros of Bernoulli-type functions and best approximations

The zero sets of (D+a)^ng(t) with D=d/dt in the (t,a)-plane are investigated for g(t)=te^@a^t(e^t-1)^-^1 and g(t)=e^@q^t(e^t+1)^-^1. The results are used to determine entire interpolations to functions x"+^ne^-^@l^x, which give representations for the best approximation and best one-sided approximation from the class of functions of exponential type @h>0 to x"+^ne^-^@l^x.
Reticulocyte DNA polymerase.

DNA polymerase has been isolated from the cytoplasm of several mammalian tissues as well as several cell lines in culture1–8. This has been puzzling because DNA replication and repair are processes generally believed to be restricted to the nucleus, where chromatin is located. It has been suggested that cytoplasmic DNA polymerase is newly synthesised, not yet having been transported to the nucleus9 or that it could have leaked from the nucleus during cell disruption10,11. Investigation of possible functions of a DNA polymerase in the cytoplasm have been inhibited by the possibility that the cytoplasmic location of this enzyme is either artefactual or trivial. To demonstrate that this is not so, we have investigated the presence of the enzyme in the reticulocyte, which is an anucleate cell. We wish to report here the purification and characterisation of a DNA polymerase from rabbit reticulocytes, and compare its properties with those of the DNA polymerase purified from the cytoplasm of immature erythroblasts of bone marrow, the precursor of the reticulocyte.
Interrelationship of ketone body metabolism and glucose utilization by adipose tissue in vitro

Abstract The oxidation of acetoacetate-3-C14 by mouse epididymal fat pads and its effect on the pattern of glucose metabolism was studied. Glucose and insulin did not change the rate of acetoacetate oxidation, but the ketone body in the presence of insulin altered the pattern of glucose utilization. Carbon dioxide output, and fatty acid and glycogen synthesis were enhanced, while glyceride-glycerol formation was decreased. This reduced glyceride-glycerol synthesis was reflected in lowered triglyceride synthesis from palmitate. C -1 C -6 ratio experiments showed acetoacetate to increase C14O2 production from glucose-1-C14 in the presence of insulin, suggesting a stimulation of pentose pathway activity.
A survey of women with HIV about their expectations for care

Abstract As an increasing number of women become infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), it is important to understand their expectations regarding the health care services they receive. In 1995 a new centre was opened at an academic centre in St Louis, Missouri, to provide comprehensive care to women with HIV. To assist in the Centre's development, we interviewed 50 of 119 enrolled clients (42%) using a survey instrument focusing on what they consider important in their care. In response to open-ended questions, clients most often mentioned wanting a sense of personalized caring and respect by medical staff (n= 28, [56%]), having someone to talk to about problems (n= 28, [56%]), honest answers about their condition (n = 23, [46%]), medical follow-up (n = 21, [42%]), reduced barriers to care (n = 20, [40%]), and education about their condition (n = 15, [30%]). The highest-ranked aspects of care were seeing the doctor, learning about their condition, and being seen in a pleasant environment (...
Characteristics of college students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms who misuse their medications.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of the current investigation is to examine the characteristics of college students with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms who misuse their prescribed psychostimulant medications. Methods and Participants: Forty-three undergraduate students with a prescription for Ritalin or Adderall completed structured interviews and a battery of questionnaires. Results: Analyses revealed that compared to non-misusers, misusers were significantly more likely to report using a greater number of illicit substances, including nicotine, marijuana, cocaine, hallucinogens, and opiates, over the past year. Additionally, compared to non-misusers, misusers were significantly more likely to report greater negative expectancies effects, experience more hyperactivity symptoms, and score higher on a measure of sensation seeking. Conclusion: The findings have important implications for future prevention initiatives. In particular, knowledge regarding the extent of misuse in populations w...
Pediatric musculoskeletal injuries associated with recreational motorized vehicle use: Do more wheels mean a safer ride?

This study will identify differences in musculoskeletal injury between pediatric riders of four-wheel all-terrain and motorized two-wheel (motorbike) vehicles who were presented to a pediatric trauma center from 2005 to 2011. Musculoskeletal injuries, protective equipment use, and associated injuries were compared. The rate of orthopedic injury in children with all-terrain vehicle-related emergency department visits was 42% (153 injuries/334 patients) versus 72% (123/170) for motorbike-related trauma (P Language: en
A yield surface and flow rule for orientationally hardening polymers subjected to arbitrary deformations

Abstract The phenomenological anisotropic flow rule and yield surface introduced previously were shown to reproduce fairly well the orientational hardening behavior of the glassy polymer polycarbonate. Rigidplastic, rate independent behavior was assumed, and attention was restricted to loading histories in which the principal axes of stress and strain remained fixed. Here, this previous work is extended to the case of arbitrary, albeit still rate independent, elastic-plastic finite deformations. Specifically, arbitrary loading histories are considered, and formulae for modeling the resulting elastic and plastic anisotropy development are presented. Additional formulae, required for obtaining linear time-incremental numerical solutions using the theory, also are derived.
Distinct core thalamocortical pathways to central and dorsal primary auditory cortex

The cat primary auditory cortex (AI) is usually assumed to form one continuous functional region. However, the dorsal and central parts of the AI iso-frequency domain contain neurons that have distinct response properties to acoustic stimuli. In this study, we asked whether neurons projecting to dorsal versus central regions of AI originate in different parts of the medial geniculate body (MGB). Spike rate responses to variations in the sound level and frequency of pure tones were used to measure characteristic frequency (CF) and frequency resolution. These were mapped with high spatial density in order to place retrograde tracers into matching frequency regions of the central narrow-band region (cNB) and dorsal AI. Labeled neurons projecting to these two parts of AI were concentrated in the middle and rostral thirds of the MGB, respectively. There was little evidence that differences in dorsal and central AI function could be due to convergent input from cells outside the ventral division of the MGB (MGBv). Instead, inputs arising from different locations along the caudal-to-rostral dimension of MGBv represent potential sources of response differences between central and dorsal sub-regions of AI.
Simulation Games: an Analysis of the Last Decade

In the 10 years plus which simulation games have been used in educational institutions, there have been several hundred research studies conducted, hundreds of journal articles, reviews, analyses and critiques written, several million hours spent in playing the games, and a test of an array of game types and formats in the market place. From this welter of soft data it is possible to identify trends, problems and potential with more confidence than before. Here is my analysisR. Garr
A Critical Review of the Forms and Value of Religious Coping Among Informal Caregivers

A review of the literature revealed high rates of religiousness and religious coping among informal caregivers (i.e., unpaid family and friends) and some associations with better mental and spiritual health and caregiving experience. However, the information necessary to practically and empirically apply this knowledge to improve the lives of caregivers was noticeably absent. To this end five key issues were identified: (a) Measurement, (b) Process, (c) Effectiveness, (d) Moderators, and (e) Mediators. A greater understanding of the specific types of religious coping strategies used, how their use changes over time, for whom and what outcomes they are most effective, and what influences and explains their effectiveness, will better equip healthcare workers to promote the functioning and well being of caregivers.
The Remoteness Rules in Contract: Holmes, Hoffmann, and Ships that Pass in the Night

There is now a major debate amongst English lawyers about the nature, purpose and content of the rules governing the remoteness of damages in contract.
A new similarity transformation method for eigenvalues and eigenvectors

Abstract A new method of finding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of an arbitrary complex matrix is presented. The new method is a similarity transformation method which transforms an arbitrary N × N matrix to a Jordan canonical form in N-1 or less transformations. Each transformation matrix is a matrix function-the matrix sign function with a ± added to the main diagonal elements. Using this matrix function as a similarity transformation gives a block diagonal form which is a reduced form of the transformed matrix. As the Jordan canonical form is found, the eigenvectors are simultaneously found since the product of transformation matrices must be a matrix of eigenvectors. The theoretical development of the new method and a computational scheme with examples are given. In the examples, the computational scheme is applied successfully to matrices which have characteristics that cause problems for most numerical techniques.
Are first impressions lasting impressions? An exploration of the generality of the primacy effect in memory for repetitions

In five experiments, we investigated the primacy effect in memory for repetitions (DiGirolamo & Hintzman, 1997), the finding that when participants are shown a study list that contains two very similar versions of the same stimulus, memory is biased in the direction of the version that was presented first. In the experiments reported, the generality of the effect was examined by manipulating the orientation and features of the repeated stimuli. The results confirmed that the effect is reliable when stimulus changes affect the accidental properties of the stimulus (properties of the stimulus that give information about distance or angle but do little to aid in identification). However, the effect was not found when changes were made to other aspects of the stimulus. The results suggest that the primacy effect in memory for repetitions is not robust across all stimulus changes and converge with previous findings that have demonstrated that such properties of stimuli as orientation and size are represented differently in memory than are other stimulus characteristics.
Multimodal target detection using single trial evoked EEG responses in single and dual-tasks

The detection of event-related potentials in the electroencephalogram signal is a common way for creating a brain-computer interface (BCI). Successful detection of evoked responses can be enhanced by the user selectively attending to specific stimuli presented in the BCI task. Because BCI users need a system that performs well in a variety of contexts, even ones that may impair selective attention, it is critical to understand how single trial detection is affected by attention. We tested 16 participants using a rapid serial visual/auditory presentation paradigm under three conditions, one in which they detected the presence of a visual target, one in which they detected the presence of an auditory target, and one in which they detected both visual and auditory targets. The behavioral performance indicates that the visual task was more difficult than the auditory task. Consistent with the higher behavioral difficulty of the visual task, single trial performance showed no difference between single and dual-task for the visual target detection (mean=0.76). However, the area under the curve for the auditory target detection was significantly lower than the dual-task (mean=0.81 for single task, 0.75 for dual-task). The results support the conclusion that single-trial target detection is impaired when attention is divided between multiple tasks.
Endogenous nitric oxide production in the radioresistant bacterium deinococcus radiodurans determines lipid composition and is essential for rapid growth recovery after gamma-irradiation

The eubacteria Deinococcus radiodurans (Drad) is the most radioresistant organism known. The extreme radioresistance of Drad primarily owes to its efficiency at mitigating oxidative damage, repairing double-strand DNA breaks, and possibly additional mechanisms that await elucidation. Recently, it was found that a NOS knockout strain of Drad (ΔNOS) is highly-sensitive to UV irradiation, establishing a role for NO in growth recovery after UV exposure. To further test the involvement of Drad NOS in radiation resistance, WT and ΔNOS Drad strains were subjected to extreme doses of gamma-irradiation (3000 Gy, 60 Co source) and the impact of NO on post-irradiation growth recovery, metabolite, gene and protein expression were assessed. Notably, the ΔNOS cell line displayed severely retarded growth following gamma-irradiation, compared to WT cells. NO supplementation with the long-lived NO donor, DETA-NONOate (25 μM), rescued the ΔNOS defect in growth recovery, restoring it to the control level. Clonogenic assays demonstrated that NO selectively facilitates growth recovery, but does not diminish gamma-irradiation cell killing. To discover consequences of endogenously-produced NO on biochemical pathways in Drad, untargeted metabolite profiling studies were performed. NO gene-deletion was associated with profound changes in levels of multiple metabolites, including specific carotenoids, glycerolipids and some additional cell membrane/wall building blocks. Further studies aim to identify biochemical pathways, enzymes and molecular mechanisms by which NO regulates Drad metabolism and thereby attenuates radioresistance. In this effort, untargeted metabolite profiling is providing novel details about NO signaling and may rationalize the enigmatic basis for radiosensitization by NOS inhibitors of some mammalian tumors.
Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackboard: Nurturing Creativity and Developing Voice in the Preparation of English Teachers.

In this article, the author argues that if we want teachers to help students develop voice and fluency as writers, we need to provide opportunities for teachers to engage in the same kind of work. In a course called Writing, Reading and Teaching Poetry that is part of the Master's Degree program in English Education at Lehman College/CUNY, teachers learn strategies for teaching and responding to writing in middle and high school. Accounts of teachers using these strategies in their own classrooms are included. The article also discusses the role of creative writing in helping teachers develop voice and identity.
DYNAMIC SAFETY ANALYSIS OF THE SABR SUBCRITICAL TRANSMUTATION REACTOR CONCEPT

The transient response of the subcritical advanced burner reactor (SABR) subcritical, sodium-cooled, transuranic fueled, fast transmutation reactor design concept, which ensued from several accident initiation events, has been simulated. The results establish such things as the number of primary loop pumps that could fail or the magnitude of flow reduction in the intermediate loop heat removal capability due to either pump failure or intermediate heat exchange failure that could be tolerated without core damage, the consequences of loss of electrical power, and the consequences of control rod ejection or neutron source excursions. Suggestions are offered for design changes to improve the already good safety characteristics of the design concept.
Building a computer lab that students will love: internet cafés and design studios

What makes a computer lab a desirable space for students? Is it possible or desirable to tailor the layout and services in a computing facility in such a way that students enjoy working in the room? Colorado State University engineering students have responded very favorably to both the Design Studio and Internet Cafe that were built to provide both a general-purpose computer "lab" and a specialized atmosphere. Discussion focuses on targeting the purpose for a new or existing facility and the resulting layout, design, and technology needs that depend on the services desired by students. The goal is to provide the audience with an excellent groundwork for considering the best use of both current and future computing facilities with a strong focus on providing excellent service to students.
Effects of walnuts on endothelial function in overweight adults with visceral obesity: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is a precursor of diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Walnut ingestion has been shown to reduce CVD risk indices in diabetes. This randomized controlled crossover trial was performed to investigate the effects of daily walnut consumption on endothelial function and other biomarkers of cardiac risk in a population of overweight individuals with visceral adiposity.Methods: Forty-six overweight adults (average age, 57.4 years; 28 women, 18 men) with elevated waist circumference and 1 or more additional signs of metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to two 8-week sequences of walnut-enriched ad libitum diet and ad libitum diet without walnuts, which were separated by a 4-week washout period. The primary outcome measure was the change in flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery. Secondary measures included serum lipid panel, fasting glucose and insulin, Homeostasis Model Assessment–Insulin Resistance values, blood pressure, and anthropometric measures.Re...