cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fred Ho’s Wicked Theory and Naked Practice

To speak of someone as unparalleled often seems trite; in Fred Ho’s case, it seems mandatory. A composer, musician, performance artist, and scholar, he really lived a life beyond categorization. In 2009, with the collaboration of Diane C. Fujino, the University of Minnesota Press published a retrospective anthology of his writings titled Wicked Theory, Naked Practice. Sadly, that volume is now also a memorial: a self-written festschrift. On April 12, 2014, Fred Ho succumbed to cancer, leaving behind an astonishingly innovative body of work. Fred Wei-Han Houn, or Hou Weihan, later more popularly known as Fred Ho, was extraordinary. A virtuosic talent, he was a renaissance person without being limited by the masculinist modifier “man.” Wicked Theory, Wicked Practice offers a cross-section of Ho’s passionate written work over a decade. This collection is divided into four parts: 1) “The Movement and The Self,” 2) “Music Aesthetics and Artistic Production,” 3) “Asian American Pacific Cultural Theory and Criticism,” and 4) “Wicked Theory, Naked Practice.” However, the book really may be read in any order. In fact, tackling it out of order or choosing a random article might be in keeping with the improvisatory quality of much of Ho’s work. It is evocative of a quotation attributed to Cecil Taylor to the effect that “If a man plays for a certain amount of time—scales, licks, what have you—eventually a kind of order asserts itself.”
Evaluation of Occupational Hazards Control Effect on A New Construction Project of Phenolic Resin

[Objective]To evaluate the occupational hazards control effect on a new construction project of phenolic resin.[Methods]The comprehensive evaluation was based on occupational health investigation and field test results.[Results]The occupational hazards of dusts,toxicant,noise existed in this new project. Concentration or intensity of occupational hazards in operation points and inspection points met the occupational health standards of state.[Conclusion]The adopted occupational hazard protective measures in this project is in line with the requirements of national standards.
Less Is More: Poxvirus Proteolysis

Before progeny virus particles depart an infected cell, each virion needs to contain viral nucleic acid, accessory proteins, and enzymes within an outer shell before the capsid structure is completed to shield the sensitive cargo from the external environment. One mechanism that many viruses use to govern this process is morphogenic proteolysis.
Light scattering from dense cold atomic media

Light shifts in a cold atomic medium are studied using a microscopic coherent dipole model, a random walk model, and a semiclassical model that directly accounts for motional effects. However, even with the motion of the atoms considered, the current models still fall short of explaining the large density-dependent light shifts measured with ${}^{88}$Sr atoms.
Interactions of nitroglycerin and sulfhydryl-donating compounds in coronary microvessels.

Previous studies have shown the effect of nitroglycerin on coronary microvessels < 100 microns in diameter is markedly enhanced by L-cysteine. These studies were performed to examine the mechanisms...
Rückenschmerzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Lumbalgien sind im Erwachsenenalter ein weit verbreitetes Phanomen, die meisten Erwachsenen sind irgendwann in ihrem Leben einmal davon betroffen [1]. Fur den Rheumatologen auf der Notfallstation sind Ruckenschmerzen bei unter 20-Jahrigen ein „red flag“, wie wir im vorhergehenden Artikel dieser Ausgabe lesen konnten (Marcel Weber: Ruckenschmerzen im Notfall). Wie sieht die Situation also aus im Kindes- und Jugendalter?
Interior Hölder Estimates for Second Derivatives

This chapter is concerned with interior Holder regularity of second derivatives of solutions to the Monge–Ampere equation where \(\Omega\) is a bounded convex domain in \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\). The main result is Theorem 8.2.4, and its proof is conceptually simpler than the proof of the W2, p estimates shown in Chapter 6 The idea is to adapt the perturbation techniques developed in [Caf89] for fully nonlinear uniformly elliptic equations (see also [CC95]) to Monge–Ampere equation. However, there are some difficulties in carrying out this procedure due to the fact that interior regularity for solutions of the Monge–Ampere equation depends upon smoothness assumptions on Dirichlet boundary data, see Chapter 5 To handle this we will localize the problem by working with sections of solutions and show that they have an appropriate geometric shape.
Pharmacokinetics and derivation of an anticancer dosing regimen for the novel anti-cancer agent isobutyl-deoxynyboquinone (IB-DNQ), a NQO1 bioactivatable molecule, in the domestic felid species

Isobutyl-deoxynyboquinone (IB-DNQ) is a selective substrate for NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), an enzyme overexpressed in many solid tumors. Following activation by NQO1, IB-DNQ participates in a catalytic futile reduction/reoxidation cycle with consequent toxic reactive oxygen species generation within the tumor microenvironment. To elucidate the potential of IB-DNQ to serve as a novel anticancer agent, in vitro studies coupled with in vivo pharmacokinetic and toxicologic investigations in the domestic felid species were conducted to investigate the tractability of IB-DNQ as a translationally applicable anticancer agent. First, using feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as a comparative cancer model, expressions of NQO1 were characterized in not only human, but also feline OSCC tissue microarrays. Second, IB-DNQ mediated cytotoxicity in three immortalized feline OSCC cell lines were studied under dose-dependent and sequential exposure conditions. Third, the feasibility of administering IB-DNQ at doses predicted to achieve cytotoxic plasma concentrations and biologically relevant durations of exposure were investigated through pharmacokinetic and tolerability studies in healthy research felines. Intravenous administration of IB-DNQ at 1.0–2.0 mg/kg achieved peak plasma concentrations and durations of exposure reaching or exceeding predicted in vitro cytotoxic concentrations. Clinical adverse side effects including ptyalism and tachypnea exhibited during and post-IV infusion of IB-DNQ were transient and tolerable. Additionally, IB-DNQ administration did not produce acute or delayed-onset unacceptable hematologic, non-hematologic, or off-target oxidative toxicities. Collectively, the findings reported here within provide important safety and pharmacokinetic data to support the continued development of IB-DNQ as a novel anticancer strategy for NQO1 expressing cancers.
Residential Consumer-Centric Demand Side Management

Energy management systems (EMS) are mainly price driven with minimal consumer interaction. To improve the effectiveness of EMS in the context of demand response, an alternative EMS control framework driven by resident behavior patterns is developed. Using hidden Markov modeling techniques, the EMS detects consumer behavior from real-time aggregate consumption and a pre-built dictionary of reference models. These models capture variations in consumer habits as a function of daily living activity sequence. Following a training period, the system identifies the best fit model which is used to estimate the current state of the resident. When a request to activate a time-shiftable appliance is made, the control agent compares grid signals, user convenience constraints, and the current consumer state estimate to predict the likelihood that the future aggregate load exceeds a consumption threshold during the operating cycle of the requested device. Based on the outcome, the control agent initiates or defers the activation request. Using three consumer reference models, a case study assessing EMS performance with respect to model detection, state estimation, and control as a function of consumer comfort and grid-informed consumption constraints is presented. A tradeoff analysis between comfort, consumption threshold, and appliance activation delay is demonstrated.
Human-Facade-Interaction: Constructing Augmented Reality Simulations for Co-Optimizing Dynamic Building Skin Performance

Architectural design research in next-generation building systems is transforming dynamic building envelope performance towards systems that not only meet the energy demands of buildings but also respond to occupant preferences for aesthetics, comfort and control. Although research provides tremendous potential for future systems, existing tools and methods of evaluation primarily focus on energy efficiency and continue to postpone human factors issues. In order to assess the architectural opportunities of nano- and micro-material innovations for building facades, new simulation methods are needed to predict and program their multifunctional performance capabilities, particularly in relationship to human interaction. This paper describes the construction of augmented reality simulations and preliminary experimental results of co-optimizing advanced building skin performance according to multiuser interaction and bioclimatic response. The strengths and limitations of the augmented reality simulations in relation to environmental performance and human interaction are presented. A discussion of ongoing work focuses on the integration of multiuser interactions and virtual reality techniques coupled with whole-building energy modeling methods.
High-resolution optical see-through vari-focal-plane head-mounted display using freeform Alvarez lenses

With recent developments in the manufacturing of freeform surfaces, Alvarez lenses have recently surfaced as an attractive method to achieve large focal ranges rapidly while still maintaining a compact structure. These characteristics make Alvarez lenses ideal for rendering correct focus cues in virtual/augmented reality (AR/VR), solving the vengeance- accommodation conflict. This paper presents a novel design combining a compact eyepiece with two lateral shifting freeform Alvarez lenses to create a compact, high-resolution, tunable optical see-through head-mounted display (OST- HMD) design capable of optical power shifts from ~ 0-3 diopters. Currently limited by the speed of the actuators that mechanically translates the Alvarez lenses for optical power tuning, the display system is capable of achieving the entire range of focus shift with an update rate of 50Hz. The proposed design renders near-accurate focus cues with high image quality and a large undistorted see-through field of view (FOV), utilizing an 1920x1080 color resolution organic LED (OLED) microdisplay to achieve virtual display FOV greater than 30 degrees diagonally, with an angular resolution less than 0.85 arcminutes per pixel and an average optical performance of > 0.4 contrast over the full field and a contrast above 0.2 at the Nquist frequency of 63 cycles/mm.
AHISTORICITY REVISITED: Does SLA Have a History?

In our reply to Margaret Thomas's article “Programmatic ahistoricity in second language acquisition theory,” we first review pertinent literature, concluding that historical awareness is evident in SLA, though it is not as far-reaching as Thomas would like it to be. We then argue that the attitude of most scholars in SLA toward the past is reasonable given that no significant work in SLA from antiquity has been discovered—by Thomas or anyone else—and that if such work exists Thomas has the burden to bring it to light before declaring the field guilty of ahistoricity. We consider various ways to define the field of SLA, arguing that it should be defined theoretically first, and historically second. We claim that the point at which SLA separated itself from language teaching is a logical point from which to date the beginnings of SLA as a true discipline. We consider and reject Thomas's comparison of SLA and its history to various other scientific disciplines and their histories, arguing that these disciplines have true milestones to point to in the distant past, whereas SLA does not. Although we agree with Thomas that a general awareness of the history of philosophy and science is beneficial for scholars in all fields, we make a sharp division between that history and the history of SLA proper. We conclude by arguing that respect for the field of SLA can come only through sound scientific progress, not by appeals to history.
Preface to “Equity in Mathematics Education: Unions and Intersections of Feminist and Social Justice Literature”

In recent years, research examining results from tests of mathematics performance has generally documented small or reduced gaps between male and female students (e.g., Else-Quest et al. 2010; Hyde et al. 2008; McGraw et al. 2006). However, this is not always the case. For example, research exploring the gender gap among high-achieving high school students, using data from the American Mathematics Competitions, has indicated that the gender gap widens dramatically at very high percentiles and that the highest-achieving girls are concentrated in a very small set of elite schools (Ellison and Swanson 2010). A study by Fryer and Levitt (2010) documented the emergence of a substantial mathematics gender gap in the early years of schooling in the United States, documenting that girls lose more than two-tenths of a standard deviation relative to boys over the first six years of school, across every strata of society.
Evaluation of an adult immunization composite measure in the Indian Health Service.

Abstract Background Government agencies, healthcare accreditation bodies and quality improvement organizations support the development of new quality measures. Composite quality measures use more than one measure to develop a broader assessment of healthcare system function. Currently, no composite measures for adult immunization coverage exist. Development of such measures could facilitate improvements in adult immunization coverage by focusing on measurement of receipt of all age-recommended vaccines. Methods We recruited five Indian Health Service (IHS) and Tribal health clinics to pilot an Adult Immunization Composite Measure (AICM). Data were collected monthly over seven months using a pre-programmed electronic health record (EHR) reporting tool (IHS sites); Tribal sites used third-party software or a programmable EHR reporting function. Data collected included: number of adults aged 19 years and over who were active users of the facility with at least two visits in the last three years; the cumulative number fully immunized per age-based recommendations for tetanus toxoid-containing vaccines, pertussis, zoster and pneumococcal vaccines; and the percent immunized for the AICM and for each individual vaccine. Coverage was calculated for three age groups: 19–59 years; 60–64 years; and 65 years and older. Results All sites reported aggregate immunization data monthly from patient EHR records. For all adults 19 years and older, AICM coverage ranged from 49% to 87% at the end of the report period. Two sites showed increases in AICM coverage ≥ 3%. Improvements in zoster vaccine coverage accounted for most of the increase observed. One site specifically focused on improving zoster coverage as a result of using the AICM. Conclusions We demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a composite measure of adult immunization coverage. This is the first measure capable of monitoring immunization completeness, coverage improvement and overall adult vaccine program effectiveness for adults who receive all recommended, age-based vaccines.
Kinetic Theory of Spin Coherence of Electrons in Semiconductors

We investigate the spin precession and dephasing of electrons in semiconductors, using the kinetic Bloch equations for a four-spin-band model. Various scatterings, such as carrier–carrier, carrier–phonon, and carrier–impurity scatterings are taken into account. Their contributions to the evolution of carrier distribution, optical coherence, and more importantly, spin coherence in undoped semiconductor quantum wells and in n-type bulk semiconductors are considered. We highlight the importance of the kinetic theory approach by comparing our results with those from Fermi's golden rule. Furthermore, a new spin dephasing mechanism is proposed, that is, spin dephasing due to spin conserving scatterings in the presence of inhomogeneous broadening.
Ohio Vocational Interest Survey

(1985). Ohio Vocational Interest Survey. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development: Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 224-226.
More than 100W, 18cm Yb-doped phosphate fiber amplifier

Phosphate glass is an attractive material for rare-earth-doped fiber manufacturing because high doping levels are possible without introducing negative effects such as up-conversion or increased non-radiative recombination. In this paper we present a novel PM heavily Yb-doped polarization maintaining large mode area phosphate fiber and a < 100 W power level amplifier based on this fiber. The fiber was fabricated by a rod-in-tube technique. An 18 cm long piece of the fiber was used to build a high-power all-fiber amplifier. 106 W of output power at 1030 nm was achieved with 55 % slope efficiency with respect to the launched pump power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power ever demonstrated for short phosphate fiber lasers.
Kidney Function in Lung Transplant Patients Receiving IV Tacrolimus

Purpose Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common after lung transplant (LT), but development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) after AKI has not been well described in the LT population. Historically, UCSD LT team utilized intravenous tacrolimus (IVFK) in place of induction therapy. This study was conducted to determine the rate of AKI and CKD post LT and recovery of AKI while using IVFK. Methods We conducted a single center, retrospective analysis of LT recipients (LTR). KDIGO definitions were used for AKI and CKD. Recovery was SCr value within 25% of baseline. Descriptive statistics and a two-sided t test were used. A multivariate regression evaluated impact of age at transplant (txp), txp type, gender, Scr, duration of IVFK (dur) and supratherapeutic concentrations of IVFK (supraFK) on AKI. Patients (pts) received IVFK with a goal concentration of 20-25 ng/ mL then transitioned to oral when tolerated. SupraFK was defined as >25 ng/ mL and >15 ng/ mL on IV and oral, respectively. Results We studied 82 sequential LTR between 2011 - 2016 who all received IVFK. 76% developed AKI and 70% of pts were stage 2 or higher. The mean baseline SCr of 0.77 mg/ dL increased to 1.99 mg/ dL in the first 14 days post LT. No difference was found in AKI and no AKI groups with respect to the dur of supra FK (p = 0.13) but pts with AKI were on IVFK longer (6 vs 3.5 days, p=0.003). Pts with CKD at 1 year were also on IVFK longer than pts who did not develop CKD (5.9 vs 3.7 days, p=0.03) and this effect remained for 3 years post LT. We found no significant association of IVFK dur in a regression model. Underlying lung disease did not contribute to differences in AKI. Conclusion We found frequent and severe AKI post LT, with a significant portion developing CKD when using an IVFK based regimen. We were unable to detect a significant association between IVFK and renal outcomes, likely due to sample size. UCSD has modified our induction to include basiliximab . IVFK is no longer used, FK is given via oral or sublingual route . A future study is planned to assess this change.
A Method to Choose Between Automation and Human Operators for Recovery Actions During a Cyber Attack

Abstract As complex systems such as nuclear power plants, naval ships, critical infrastructure, and other systems become more connected to the internet and digital control interfaces, the chance of a cyber attack causing physical damage to a system and failure of the system increases. In many systems, recovery actions can prevent an incipient failure from causing a system-wide failure. This paper presents a method of determining if a human operator or an automated system is more appropriate to complete a recovery action during a cyber attack. The method is useful during the conceptual phase of system design where architecture changes have minimal impact on the cost and schedule of the system design effort. Practitioners can use the method to make cost and probability-informed decisions. A case study of a spent fuel cooling pool in a nuclear power plant is presented to illustrate the method.
One Versus Three Fractions of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Peripheral Stage I to II Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Randomized, Multi-Institution, Phase 2 Trial.

Purpose Stereotactic body radiation therapy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer is a standard of care for medically inoperable patients. Our aim was to compare Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events thoracic grade 3 or higher adverse events (AEs) of 30 Gy in 1 fraction (arm 1) versus 60 Gy in 3 fractions (arm 2). Methods and Materials This was a randomized multi-institutional, phase 2, 2-arm clinical trial. Medically inoperable patients with biopsy-proven peripheral T1/T2N0M0 non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled. Patients were randomized to arm 1 or arm 2 and stratified by performance status. The primary endpoint was Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events thoracic grade 3 or higher AEs. Secondary endpoints were local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and quality of life. Results Between September 2008 and April 2015, 98 patients were randomized. Median follow-up was 53.8 months. Ten patients were lost to follow-up, 1 in arm 1 and 9 in arm 2. Thoracic grade 3 AEs were experienced by 8 (16%) patients on arm 1 and 6 (12%) patients on arm 2. There were no grade 4 or 5 AEs. There were no differences in LC, PFS, or OS (P = .68, .86, and .94, respectively). Arm 1 reported better social functioning (P = .006) with less dyspnea (P = .016) in follow-up at 6 months. Conclusions This randomized phase 2 study demonstrated that 30 Gy in 1 fraction was equivalent to 60 Gy in 3 fractions in terms of toxicity, LC, PFS, and OS. Quality of life measures of social functioning and dyspnea favored single-fraction SBRT.
Observation of Broadband Electrically Tunable THz Metamaterials Polarization Conversion

Terahertz (THz) spectral region remains a scientifically rich but technologically underdeveloped research area. Since many molecules possess THz spectral fingerprints (ranging from 0.1THz up to 10 THz), and a large variety of non-conductive materials are transparent to THz radiation. THz radiation promises various potential applications. Nonetheless, there exists a shortage of natural materials capable of interacting with THz radiation from which useful THz detectors, emitters, switches, and other devices may be manufactured. Metamaterials, artificially designable structures that render desired optical properties at a given wavelength, could be alternative candidates to design THz devices. They are made by assembling sub-wavelength unit cells called meta-atoms. Metamaterials are well-known for their interesting electromagnetic characteristics. They exhibit extraordinary and unusual responses such as negative refractive index, subwavelength imaging, and invisibility cloak. Polarization conversion devices play a paramount role in the field of photonics because of their ability to manipulate the polarization state of electromagnetic (EM) waves. Such devices have paved the way to significant advancements in prominent technological fields such as communication, imaging, and remote sensing. Recent researches confirm that polarization conversion of the EM waves in the THz frequency regime can be achieved using metamaterials (MM). MMs are artificial materials forged by repeated arrays of sub-wavelength sized meta-atoms. With appropriate designing of these meta-atoms, they can be engineered to manipulate various aspects of the EM wave interacting with them, especially its polarization state.
Constructing the digital self in the Global South

Abstract The papers in this special section examine how people in various contexts of the Global South “construct the self” in online spaces. With examples from Chile, Senegal, and Trinidad, the papers show the wide range of discursive practices, encompassing the textual and the aesthetic, which individuals use to enact gendered and sexual selves online. By privileging gender and sexuality as central components of selfhood, we draw from the longstanding attention paid to gender and sexuality in linguistic studies of identification (see Bucholtz & Hall 2004). In placing this concept within digital worlds, we pay attention to the ways in which daily life is now lived and experienced online. Authors in this issue think critically about practices of self-formation and the performance of gender and sexuality that differ from those that have normalized in the Global North, considering both revolutionary possibility, and re-entrenchment of constraint.
Application of a tetrapyrimidyl cyclobutane synthesized in the organic solid state: a halogen-bonded supramolecular ladder

A halogen-bonded supramolecular ladder comprised of a novel pyrimidine-based cyclobutane photoproduct synthesized in the organic solid state via a [2 + 2] photoreaction is reported. The photoproduct rctt-tetrakis(5′-pyrimidyl)cyclobutane functions as rungs while the linear divergent halogen-bond donor 1,4-diiodoperchlorobenzene acts as the rails. Our report also confirms the structure and stereochemistry of the tetrapyrimidyl cyclobutane ring system.
Age of First Use of Prescription Opioids and Prescription Opioid Non-Medical Use among Older Adolescents.

Non-medical use (NMU) of prescription opioids is of concern due to the opioid epidemic in the United States. Objective: We examined sex differences in the effect of age of first use of prescription...
Activated microglia cause metabolic disruptions in developmental cortical interneurons that persist in interneurons from individuals with schizophrenia

The mechanisms by which prenatal immune activation increase the risk for neuropsychiatric disorders are unclear. Here, we generated developmental cortical interneurons (cINs)-which are known to be affected in schizophrenia (SCZ) when matured-from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from healthy controls (HCs) and individuals with SCZ and co-cultured them with or without activated microglia. Co-culture with activated microglia disturbed metabolic pathways, as indicated by unbiased transcriptome analyses, and impaired mitochondrial function, arborization, synapse formation and synaptic GABA release. Deficits in mitochondrial function and arborization were reversed by alpha lipoic acid and acetyl-L-carnitine treatments, which boost mitochondrial function. Notably, activated-microglia-conditioned medium altered metabolism in cINs and iPSCs from HCs but not in iPSCs from individuals with SCZ or in glutamatergic neurons. After removal of activated-microglia-conditioned medium, SCZ cINs but not HC cINs showed prolonged metabolic deficits, which suggests that there is an interaction between SCZ genetic backgrounds and environmental risk factors.
Undocumented immigration and terrorism: Is there a connection?

Abstract Unauthorized immigration, already a divisive and controversial subject in American society, was reframed as a grave national security threat after the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001. Yet, despite substantial public, political and policy attention to the issue of undocumented immigration and terrorism, there has been relatively little empirical assessment of the relationship between unauthorized immigration flows and terrorist activity. We attempt to fill this gap by combining newly developed estimates of the unauthorized population, a novel use of sentencing and prosecutorial data to measure terrorism-related activity, and multiple data sources on the criminological, socioeconomic, and demographic context from all 50 states from 1990 to 2014. We then leverage this unique dataset to examine the longitudinal, macro-level relationship between undocumented immigration and various measures of terrorism. Results from fixed effects negative binomial models suggest that increased undocumented immigration over this period is not associated with terrorist attacks, radicalization, or terrorism prosecutions.
Privacy-Preserving Crowd-Sensing for Dynamic Spectrum Access With Malicious Workers

The rapid growth of IoT wireless devices has caused severe spectrum shortage. The Dynamic Spectrum Access (DSA) paradigm is extremely well-suited to alleviate such spectrum shortage. Contrary to legacy spectrum distribution methods, DSA allows for spectrum reuse whenever the primary licensees are idle and not actively utilizing the spectrum. DSA’s database-driven model has been very successful and applicable towards TV white-space frequencies. However, other more fluid spectrum opportunities, such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration spectrum blocks, continue to be identified and categorized via either (i) solitary or (ii) multinodal cyclostationary and cooperative signal detection/classification methods. The later methods improve significantly the rate of signal detection and classification yet they have severe drawbacks when it comes to preserving the location privacy of users. Moreover, both methods are negatively affected by large delays, partially due to the quiet periods they need to perform while identifying/classifying incumbents. To this end, we extend our previous work by proposing a novel privacy-preserving scheme based on the fusion of DSA and crowd-sensing paradigm. Our scheme provides location privacy for the crowd-sensing users through homomorphic cryptographic constructions. Furthermore, our scheme mitigates fraudulent sensing report attacks by providing robust fraud prevention based on homomorphic cryptographic constructions and reputation algorithms. We provide substantial experiments on real-life datasets which shows that our proposed protocol provides realistic efficiency and security.
Marvel: A Vertical Resistive Accelerator for Low-Power Deep Learning Inference in Monolithic 3D

Resistive memory (ReRAM) based Deep Neural Network (DNN) accelerators have achieved state-of-the-art DNN inference throughput. However, the power efficiency of such resistive accelerators is greatly limited by their peripheral circuitry including analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), digital-to-analog converters (DACs), SRAM registers, and eDRAM buffers. These power-hungry components consume 87% of the total system power, despite of the high power efficiency of ReRAM computing cores. In this paper, we propose Marvel, a monolithic 3D stacked resistive DNN accelerator, which consists of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFETs) based low-power ADC/DACs, CNFET logic, CNFET SRAM, and high-density global buffers implemented by cross-point Spin Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM (STT-MRAM). To compensate for the loss of inference throughput that is incurred by the slow CNFET ADCs, we propose to integrate more ADC layers into Marvel. Unlike the CMOS-based ADCs that can only be implemented in the bottom layer of the 3D structure, multiple CNFET layers can be implemented using a monolithic 3D stacking technique. Compared to prior ReRAM-based DNN accelerators, on average, Marvel achieves the same inference throughput with 4.5× improvement on performance per Watt. We also demonstrated that increasing the number of integration layers enables Marvelto further achieve 2× inference throughput with 7.6× improved power efficiency.
Coaching in Complexity: Lessons Learned: Investigating Implementation of Interventions in High Schools:

High schools hold great potential as contexts within which educators implement evidence-based practices shown to change post-school outcomes for youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Unfortuna...
Palate shape influence depends on the segment: Articulatory and acoustic variability in American English /ɹ/ and /s/

This ultrasound and acoustics study of American English /ɹ/ and /s/ investigates whether variability in production as measured in the midsagittal plane is related to individual differences in the shape of the hard palate in the coronal plane. Both token-to-token variability and variability between different phonetic contexts were investigated. While no direct relationship was found between palate flatness and articulatory variability, a secondary analysis revealed that speakers' articulatory variability for one segment was related to their variability in the other. Speakers with flatter palates tended towards lower articulatory variability scores, but speakers with more domed palates showed both high and low variability scores.
A New Versatile Immobilization Tag Based on the Ultra High Affinity and Reversibility of the Calmodulin–Calmodulin Binding Peptide Interaction

Reversible, high-affinity immobilization tags are critical tools for myriad biological applications. However, inherent issues are associated with a number of the current methods of immobilization. Particularly, a critical element in phage display sorting is functional immobilization of target proteins. To circumvent these problems, we have used a mutant (N5A) of calmodulin binding peptide (CBP) as an immobilization tag in phage display sorting. The immobilization relies on the ultra high affinity of calmodulin to N5A mutant CBP (RWKKNFIAVSAANRFKKIS) in presence of calcium (KD~2 pM), which can be reversed by EDTA allowing controlled "capture and release" of the specific binders. To evaluate the capabilities of this system, we chose eight targets, some of which were difficult to overexpress and purify with other tags and some had failed in sorting experiments. In all cases, specific binders were generated using a Fab phage display library with CBP-fused constructs. KD values of the Fabs were in subnanomolar to low nanomolar (nM) ranges and were successfully used to selectively recognize antigens in cell-based experiments. Some of these targets were problematic even without any tag; thus, the fact that all led to successful selection endpoints means that borderline cases can be worked on with a high probability of a positive outcome. Taken together with examples of successful case specific, high-level applications like generation of conformation-, epitope- and domain-specific Fabs, we feel that the CBP tag embodies all the attributes of covalent immobilization tags but does not suffer from some of their well-documented drawbacks.
Hanging on by a Thread

Abstract Although females remain a small proportion of the juvenile justice population, arrest, detention and custody data have shown an increase in both the number and percentage of females in the juvenile justice system, a trend that runs counter to that of males. The vast majority of females in the juvenile justice system presents with family, mental health, and substance abuse issues and should be diverted from juvenile court processing. The re-criminalization of status offenses has had a particularly devastating impact on females in the juvenile justice system, which is ill prepared to deal with this population. This highlights the continued discriminatory and appalling treatment of youth, specifically females in this country. It is recommended that initiatives to address female delinquency be based on the developmental, psychological, social, educational, and cultural characteristics of this population with gender appropriate program interventions addressing a continuum of care and providing compreh...
How to Build a Superlens

Conventional lenses are subject to the diffraction limit, which means that they cannot resolve objects placed closer together than one-half of the wavelength of the illuminating light. As Smith explains in his Perspective, this limit occurs because conventional optical components leave behind the electromagnetic "near-fields"--those components that contain the subwavelength spatial information about an object. In 2000, John Pendry proposed a new type of imaging device, based on a material with a negative index of refraction, which could recover the near-fields. Using a thin silver film as a superlens, Fang et al. now demonstrate that negative refraction can indeed produce a high-resolution optical image, opening the door to a new breed of optical devices and applications.
Recent advances in PET, PET-CT, and MRI-PET image segmentation techniques

1280 Learning Objectives 1. To present current PET image segmentation techniques and recent advances. 2. To assess the accuracy and usability of current PET image segmentation methods. 3. To present PET-CT and MRI-PET image co-segmentation techniques. 1. Introduction 2. Background on PET imaging 3. Challenges of PET image segmentation a. Noise and Resolution related issues b. Discontinuous boundaries c. Large variability of pathologies 4. Evaluation of Segmentation Methods a. Surrogate truth creation b. Phantom based studies c. Commonly used quantitative measures i. Region based: Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), TPVF, and FPVF ii. Boundary based: Haussdorf distance (HD) 5. Semi-automated Segmentation Methods a. Region growing based b. Intensity based (gradient) c. Random Walk d. Graph Cut e. Fuzzy connectivity 6. Fully Automated Segmentation Methods a. Machine learning classification/clustering methods i. k-nearest neighbor, support vector machine, artificial neural network, and spectral clustering ii. Optimal thresholding value selection b. Hybrid Co-Segmentation using fused PET-CT and MRI-PET images i. Graph cut, Fuzzy connectivity, and Random walk based methods Summary i. Reviewed the state-of-the-art PET image segmentation and recent technical advances ii. Gave a general background of the challenges of PET image segmentation as well as the evaluation metrics used commonly in the literature iii. Discussed PET segmentation based on different anatomical regions iv. Recent advances in multi-modal image co-segmentation algorithm applied to PET-CT and MRI-PET hybrid images Research Support This research is supported by the Center for Infectious Disease Imaging (CIDI), the Intramural Program of the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), and the National Institutes of Bio-imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Spatial and temporal variability of major ocean currents and mesoscale eddies

A global picture of ocean current variability may be obtained by analyzing surface drift currents in terms of their mean and eddy kinetic energies. High values for both quantities are found in the western boundary currents and in the equatorial current system; low values are found in the interior of major gyres. However, nowhere are eddy energies less than 200 cm2 s−2, indicating that, even in the least energetic parts of the oceans, surface speeds of ~20 cm s−1 prevail. Recent experimental studies also support the widespread occurrence of mesoscale mid-oceanic eddies. Another type of eddy is abundant in the vicinity of boundary currents: examples include Gulf Stream Rings, the ‘Great Whirl’ of the Somali Current, and disturbances of the predominantly zonal equatorial flow manifested by large-scale meandering about the equator. Recent numerical models using low-viscosity and high-resolution computational grids also reveal the ubiquitous existence of mesoscale structures. The importance of eddies is that they seem to be energetic enough and sufficiently widespread so as to play some part — not yet understood — in the circulation of the world ocean. Speculative analogies to the atmosphere suggest that the mesoscale ocean eddies are ‘the storms and weather systems of the sea’. We need global statistics on their distribution, their occurrence in various oceanic regions, their dimensions, and their lifetimes. The prospect of even a single global oceanic ‘weather map’, comparable to those obtained daily for the atmosphere, is hopeless in terms ofin situ oceanographic observations. Remote sensing may provide a partial solution. In the past, sea-surface temperature observations by satellites have revealed cold and warm eddies shed by western boundary currents. Satellite observations, moreover, have shown the thermal effects of continental shelf waves and areas with pronounced upwelling. These phenomena are characterized by strong temperature gradients and relatively large differences in surface elevation. Mid-ocean eddies are far more subtle and difficult to observe since they possess smaller differences of temperature and sea-surface topography. Three representative examples, including recent experimental results in western boundary currents, the equatorial region, and a typical mid-ocean region, are discussed in detail. Typical signals of temperature and sea-level topography, as well as typical temporal and spatial scales of the observed phenomena, are given.
REVIEW OF CARCINOIDS IN CHILDREN Functioning Carcinoid in a 15-year-old Male

A review of the literature revealed 19 cases of nonfunctioning gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors reported in the pediatric age group, with the primary site in the appendix in 15 of these. A case of functioning carcinoid in a 15-year-old white male is reported. Classic signs and symptoms of increased circulating serotonin were observed, except those of the cardiac system.
Urease Is Not Essential for Ureide Degradation in Soybean

The hypothesis that soybean (Glycine max L. [Merrill]) catabolizes ureides to urea to a physiologically significant extent was tested and rejected. Urease-negative (eu3-e1/eu3-e1) plants were supported by fixed N2 or by 2 mM NH4NO3, so that xylem-borne nitrogen contained predominantly ureides (allantoin and allantoic acid) or amide amino acids, respectively. Seed nitrogen yield was equal on either nitrogen regime, although 35-d-old fixing plants accumulated about 6 times more leaf urea. In callus, lack of an active urease reduced growth on either arginine or allantoin as the sole nitrogen source, but the reduction was greater on arginine (73%) than on allantoin (39%). Furthermore, urease-negative cells accumulated 17 times more urea than urease-positive cells on arginine; for allantoin the ratio was 1.8. Urease-negative callus accumulated urea at 3% the rate of seedlings. To test whether urea accumulating in urease-negative seedlings was derived from ureides, seeds were first allowed to imbibe in 1 mM allopurinol, an inhibitor of ureide formation. Seedling ureides were decreased by 90%, but urea levels were unchanged. Thus, ureides are poor precursors of urea, which was confirmed in seedlings that converted no more than 5% of seed-absorbed [14C-ureido]allantoate to [14C]urea, whereas 40 to 70% of [14C-guanido]arginine was recovered as [14C]urea.
Increased IL-15 Production Is Associated with Higher Susceptibility of Memory CD4 T Cells to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus during Acute Infection

Acute SIV infection is characterized by explosive infection of memory CD4 T cells in peripheral and mucosal tissues. Interestingly, relatively few memory CD4 T cells are infected until as late as days 7-8 after challenge. However, by day 10 postinfection, most of the memory CD4 T cells are infected and carry viral DNA. The rapidity with which infection expands within 2-3 days to encompass virtually the entire memory CD4 T cell compartment suggests significant alterations in the susceptibility of memory CD4 T cells to infection during this period. The mechanism(s) underlying this increased permissiveness to infection is not known. In this study, we show that IL-15 secretion significantly correlates with the up-regulated expression of CD4 on memory CD4 T cells that is associated with increased permissiveness to SIV infection. Activation and proliferation of memory CD8, but not memory CD4 T cells, preceded the amplification of viral infection. Although memory CD4 T cells did not express normal activation markers, they displayed a significant up-regulation in the density of CD4 but not CCR5 expression between days 7 and 10 postinfection that correlated with increased plasma IL-15 levels and infection in these cells. Culture of purified CD4 T cells with IL-15 and/or SIV was associated with a significant increase in the expression of CD4 and infection of these sorted cells. Our results demonstrate that IL-15 contributes to the increased susceptibility of memory CD4 T cells to SIV during the early phase of acute SIV infection.
A universal scaling for the energetics of relativistic jets from black hole systems

Black holes generate collimated, relativistic jets, which have been observed in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), microquasars, and at the center of some galaxies [active galactic nuclei (AGN)]. How jet physics scales from stellar black holes in GRBs to the supermassive ones in AGN is still unknown. Here, we show that jets produced by AGN and GRBs exhibit the same correlation between the kinetic power carried by accelerated particles and the gamma-ray luminosity, with AGN and GRBs lying at the low- and high-luminosity ends, respectively, of the correlation. This result implies that the efficiency of energy dissipation in jets produced in black hole systems is similar over 10 orders of magnitude in jet power, establishing a physical analogy between AGN and GRBs.
RECOVERY CYCLES IN THE LEMNISCAL SYSTEM.

Abstract Recovery of the evoked response to controlled peripheral nerve stimulation was studied in the cat at the medial lemniscus, internal capsule, and somatosensory cortex with the following findings: 1. 1. In the unanesthetized, alert animal, recovery proceeds quickly with no evidence of facilitatory or inhibitory peaks at all recording locations. 2. 2. Barbiturate anesthesia prolongs the latter part of the relatively unresponsive period (RUP) in the lemniscus, increases the absolutely unresponsive period (AUP) and uncovers a period of increased responsiveness in the capsule, and increases both the AUP and RUP of the cortex with no evidence of subsequent periods of increased or decreased responsiveness. 3. 3. Mild hypothermia (31–32°C) in the absence of anesthesia prolonged the RUP in the lemniscus and both the AUP and RUP in the capsule and cortex. In the anesthetized animal, these changes were more marked and the period of heightened responsiveness in the capsule disappeared. While some evidence of increased responsiveness was seen in the cortex, recovery of this responsiveness was polonged. 4. 4. A stimulus placed near the end of the AUP of the capsule and cortical response, itself ineffective in producing a response, prolonged recovery of a subsequent test response.
Effects of an Online Mathematics Curriculum for English Language Learners.

This study measured the effects of an online supplementary mathematics curriculum designed for middle school English language learners who speak Spanish as a first language. A randomized experiment measured the achievement differences between middle school English language learners who used the Web-based HELP Math (Help with English Language Proficiency) curriculum and students who used other technology-based programs. Three hundred and ninety-six students participated. Both groups made statistically significant gains from pretest to posttest within their respective curricula, but no main effect was found between the two groups. Post hoc analyses revealed that students with higher levels of English proficiency, who participated in the comparison condition, performed significantly better than students in the HELP Math condition, while students with lower levels of English proficiency performed better in the HELP Math program (although these differences were not statistically significant). Findings are inte...
Recursive Procedures in Sire Evaluation

Abstract Recursive estimation procedures were extended and applied to a mixed model where random effects at stage k were related with random effects of stage k—1. Sire's transmitting ability estimated by the recursive procedure from data collected in two stages and considering the relationship among sires is equal to that obtained when all records were available at the same time. Use of recursive methods and their applicability to sire evaluation are considered.