cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heating-Enabled Formation of Droplet Interface Bilayers Using Escherichia coli Total Lipid Extract

Droplet interface bilayers (DIBs) serve as a convenient platform to study interactions between synthetic lipid membranes and proteins. However, a majority of DIBs have been assembled using a single lipid type, diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine (DPhPC). The work described herein establishes a new method to assemble DIBs using total lipid extract from Escherichia coli (eTLE); it is found that incubating oil-submerged aqueous droplets containing eTLE liposomes at a temperature above the gel–fluid phase transition temperature (Tg) promotes monolayer self-assembly that does not occur below Tg. Once monolayers are properly assembled via heating, droplets can be directly connected or cooled below Tg and then connected to initiate bilayer formation. This outcome contrasts immediate droplet coalescence observed upon contact between nonheated eTLE-infused droplets. Specific capacitance measurements confirm that the interface between droplets containing eTLE lipids is a lipid bilayer with thickness of 29.6 A at 25 °C i...
Abstract B2: Associations between self‐reported versus objectively measured physical activity, biomarkers, and obesity in adolescents and adults

Epidemiological studies, based entirely on self‐reported levels of physical activity (PA), indicate that PA reduces cancer risk at several sites. However, self reported PA is subject to the cognitive challenges of estimating its duration and intensity, and potential recall bias. Objective measurement of PA using accelerometers is an alternative to self report, even in large population studies of both children and adults Data for adults aged 20+ years (N=4417) with self‐reported PA and 4 or more days of accelerometer data were obtained from the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES). NHANES is a nationally representative sample of the US civilian, non‐institutionalized population. Outcome measures were blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, cholesterol, triglyceride, c‐reactive protein, homocysteine, and indices of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia. Data for adolescents, (N = 723), were obtained from two cohorts in the Twin Cities, Minnesota. PA was measured using two self report instruments, the Modified Activity Questionnaire (MAQ) assessing past week moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA), the 3‐Day Physical Activity Recall (3DPAR), and accelerometer data. Biomarkers included systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP), lipids (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, % body fat (BF) and BMI. For both adolescents and adults, accelerometer data was summarized as total minutes of (MVPA). In adults, objectively‐measured MVPA displayed stronger associations with most biomarkers compared with self‐reported MVPA, even after adjusting for sociodemographic and health factors (Adj Wald F9s = 5.1 to 55.4; p9s In adolescents, after controlling for puberty, age and gender, all three PA measures had a strong, negative association with %BF (MAQ β = −1.77, p These results suggest that use of self‐reported physical activity measures could attenuate associations between PA and several biomarkers related to energy balance in adults, but this was not observed for a few biomarkers in adolescents. Considerable care should be taken in the choice of PA measure for any study, but especially where the effects of PA are manifest all or in part via its impact on biological variables such as serum biomarkers or anthropometric characteristics. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B2.
Hydrothermal Reactions of Biomolecules Relevant for Microalgae Liquefaction

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae, a process that uses water at high temperature and high pressure to make a renewable crude bio-oil, is receiving increased attention. Understanding the governing reaction pathways for the biomolecules in the microalgae cell could lead to improved conversion processes. This review collects information pertinent to the behavior of microalgae biomolecules (e.g., proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, chlorophyll) and their hydrothermal decomposition products (e.g., amino acids, sugars, fatty acids) in high temperature water (HTW). We report on studies involving individual compounds and their mixtures. The mixture systems are particularly important as they move closer to mimicking the true chemistry of HTL of microalgae by providing opportunities for interactions between different molecules that would be present during HTL. Throughout this review, we highlight gaps in the understanding of different chemical reactions that may take place during HTL of microalgae.
Permeability of rat liver mitochondria to α-ketoglutarate, antipyrine, and carnitine

Abstract The study of the permeability of rat liver mitochondria under conditions supporting oxidative phosphorylation compares the uptake of 14 C-labeled α-ketoglutarate, antipyrine and carnitine by mitochondria incubated briefly at 0 ° and those incubated up to 90 min at 30 ° Uptake is measured in pellets produced by centrifugation in the cold. The α-ketoglutarate was incubated in the presence of malonate with mitochondria in which oxygen consumption was followed with an oxygen electrode. Less than 4% of the isotope equivalent to the amount of substrate oxidized remains with the unwashed pellets. Antipyrine uptake appears to be the same at 0 ° and at 30 °, and is greater than would be predicted if simple diffusion were responsible; adsorption to the mitochondrial membranes is indicated. The uptake of carnitine is enhanced at the higher temperature and is greater in mitochondria carrying out oxidative phosphorylation than in those suspended in 0.25 m sucrose. The extent to which these compounds can be removed from the pellets by washing with isotonic sucrose varies.
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOS) AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN FOCUS

The roles of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the development of nations especially the developing ones are progressively becoming significant. Significant in the sense that NGOs have realized that the most important resources of a nation are the people and that the ultimate goal of any nation’s development should be an improvement in the general giving standards of the people, hi this study, related literatures were reviewed to assess the views of experts and authorities in the definitions, roles and functions of NGOs in the development of Nigeria. In addition, the study examined the concept of national development vis-a-vis that of NGOs. Also reviewed were the activities and contribution of these selected NGOs in Imo State, they are Better Life Programme (BLP), the National Council of Women's Societies of Nigeria (NCWSN) and League of Democratic Women (Leads Nigeria). Respondents were interviewed and questionnaires were given to them. The respondents were from the NGOs selected from within the area of study. In the analysis of data collected, it became glaring that NGOs were contributing significantly to the development of the country. It was in view of the findings that certain recommendations were made by the researcher, which if considered would improve the states of these organizations in both their efficiency and impact.
Low-computation egocentric barcode detector for the blind

Linear barcodes are the principal labeling system for retail products. Barcode reader apps found on smartphones always assume that the localization and framing of the barcode is performed manually by a sighted human operator. This is problematic for visually-impaired people since they don't know where to position the camera to scan the barcode. To solve this problem we propose a hand-free interface to detect barcode using a wearable camera. The user rotate a query product in front of him/her and is informed when and where the barcode is visible. The challenge is to detect small barcodes at arm's length in a video with potentially large motion blur. In this paper we propose a novel technique for barcode detection using very little computation (adapted to wearable systems), presenting very good robustness to blur and size variations, and able to run on HD video streams. The proposed system perform significantly better than the state-of-the-art methods on existing public datasets, while being much faster. A new and challenging egocentric product video dataset is also provided with this paper.
Women Writing Japan

Images of British women posing languidly in kimono, imitating geisha, and fluttering Japanese fans have long served as evidence of their involvement in the important movement of Japonisme, which reached its peak in the years covered by this volume. Students of late-Victorian and early-modern literature typically learn about the popularity of Gilbert and Sullivan’s The Mikado, Oscar Wilde’s musings about Japan being ‘a pure invention’, Yeats’s use of Nō drama, the importance of haiku to the Imagist movement, and the work of Lafcadio Hearn, among other Japonisme-related topics associated primarily with male writers. Yet to suppose British women’s involvement in Japonisme was limited to consumerism and cultural cross-dressing underestimates their power as cultural producers and organizers, as well as the empowerment they found through Japanese cultural exchange. Their literary contributions were so extensive that this essay can only touch briefly on a selection of the more important writers whose work dealt with Japan.
Advances and challenges in active thin film electronics

Interest in thin film electronics is large and growing. A citation search for organic, zinc oxide, or GIZO transistors returns thousands of journal articles, including more than a thousand published in the last two years. A Google search for “printed electronics” brings >150,000 hits. Yet commercial applications of active thin film electronics are few. They include one outstanding success in active matrix liquid crystal displays (> $100 billion/year) and more limited, but significant, product areas in x-ray detectors and thin film photovoltaics, as well as smaller but possibly growing areas of OLED displays or e-book readers. The list of active devices used in commercial applications is similarly limited, perhaps starting and ending with transistors used as simple switches and diodes. Both the current applications and the current scope of devices and circuits appear disconnected from the level of research and business interest. What are the key enablers for ubiquitous thin film electronics? What application areas make the best use of developing thin film technology? This talk will consider some of the issues related to the widespread application of active thin film devices to real world applications. Aspects of organic thin film transistor technology and zinc oxide thin film transistor technology will be used to illustrate some of the challenges and potential for active thin film electronics progress.
Al Mahdi’s case before the International Criminal Court : a landmark decision in the protection of cultural and religious sites

International humanitarian law and international criminal law are usually regarded as tools with the primary aim of protecting people against gross violations of their rights. This is not false. However, these two branches of public international law, in the context of international or non-international conflicts, also protect objects, especially those that have a certain value for people who are the first victims of war. It is in this regard that on 27 September 2016, the International Criminal Court (ICC) delivered a landmark decision in the case of The Prosecutor v. Ahmad Al Faqi Al Mahdi. This case appeared before the ICC following the referral to the Prosecutor of the Court in 2012 by the Government of Mali. In January 2012, a conflict of non-international character occurred in the territory of Mali. Following this, different armed groups, including Ansar Dine and Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), took control of the northern part of the country – namely Timbuktu.
A User Behavior Monitoring and Profiling Scheme for Masquerade Detection

Abstract Masquerading attack refers to conducting malicious activities on a computer system by impersonating another user. Such attacks are difficult to detect with standard intrusion detection sensors when they are carried out by insiders who have the knowledge of the system. One approach to detect masquerading attacks is to build user profiles and monitor for significant changes in user’s behavior at runtime. Intrusion detectors based on this principle typically have used user command line data to build such profiles. This data does not represent user’s complete behavior in a graphical user interface (GUI)-based system and hence is not sufficient to quickly and accurately detect masquerade attacks. In this chapter, we present a new empirically driven framework for creating a unique feature set for user behavior monitoring on GUI-based systems. For proof-of-concept demonstration, we use a small set of real user behavior data from live systems and extract parameters to construct these feature vectors. The feature vectors contain user information such as mouse speed, distance, angles, and amount of clicks, and keystroke dynamics during a user session. We then formulate our technique of user identification and masquerade detection as a binary classification problem and use Support Vector Machine (SVM) to learn and classify user actions as intrusive or benign. We show that our technique based on these feature vectors can provide detection rates of up to 96% with low false positive rates. We have tested our technique with various feature vector parameters and concluded that these feature vectors can provide unique and comprehensive user behavior information and are powerful enough to detect masqueraders.
I Am Nora, Hear Me Roar: The Rehabilitation of the Shrew in Modern Chinese Theater

This article analyzes how the “new woman plays” written by the modern dramatist Ouyang Yuqian (1889-1962) in the 1920s weave together the old trope of the shrew with his constructions of the Chinese Nora promoted by May Fourth ideology. Of particular interest is how Ouyang reworked the traditional Pan Jinlian story in his eponymous play to rehabilitate the most notorious shrew from late imperial literature into a modern Nora. The article goes on to examine the performances of Nora by Lan Ping, later known as Jiang Qing (1914-91), in the 1930s. It analyzes the public reception of Lan Ping’s deployment of old and new female types when she played a forceful Nora on and off the stage. This study claims that cultural interest in the traditional shrew did not die with the collapse of imperial China. Rather, modern cultural figures redeemed formerly denounced shrew attributes and revived the shrew as a positive model for female empowerment in their constructions of the “new woman.”
The Impact of Religious and Ethnic Similarity on Alliance Formation and Announcement Returns

We argue that cultural similarity can give rise to in-group favoritism that leads partner firms of similar cultural backgrounds to establish strategic alliances for defending their shared identitie...
"Drunkorexia": Understanding eating and physical activity behaviors of weight conscious drinkers in a sample of college students.

ABSTRACTObjective: Behaviors of weight conscious drinkers (BWCD) include disordered eating, excessive physical activity (PA), and heavy episodic drinking. Considering that approximately 25% of the college students report BWCD, it is important to investigate what characteristics increase the likelihood of college students engaged in BWCD for both moderate and vigorous PAs. Participants: A total of 510 college students were recruited from a large, public southeastern university. Methods: Participants completed a cross-sectional survey during the spring 2015 semester. Results: Of 510 respondents, 11.2% reported moderate PA-based BWCD and 14.7% reported vigorous PA-based BWCD. Weight loss intention, BMI and Greek affiliation predicted both moderate and vigorous BWCD. Conclusions: Study findings suggest that Greek-affiliated students and students with weight loss intentions might be at an increased risk for BWCD. Along with promoting lower levels of alcohol consumption, college practitioners should consider di...
StorageFlow: SDN-enabled efficient data regeneration for distributed storage systems

Distributed Storage Systems (DSS) have seen increasing levels of deployment in data centers and in cloud storage provider networks. They provide efficient and cost-effective ways to store large amounts of data and ensure resilience to failures by using mirroring and coding schemes at the block and file level. While mirroring techniques provide an efficient way to recover lost data, they require excess ve amounts of storage space. Coding techniques provide equivalent resilience while reducing the amount of required storage space. However, the current recovery process for coded data is not efficient due to the need to transfer large amounts of data to regenerate the data lost as a result of a failure. This contributes to large delays and excessive amount of network traffic resulting in significant performance bottlenecks. In this paper, we propose a new architecture for efficient data regeneration in distribution storage systems. The key idea of our framework is to enable network switches to perform network coding operations, i.e., combine multiple packets received over incoming links and forward the resulting packets towards the destination. Our framework includes a transport-layer reverse multicast protocol that takes advantage of network coding to minimize the amount of transferred data. The new architecture is implemented using the principles of Software Defined Networking (SDN). To enable the switches to perform network coding operations, we extend the SDN packet processing pipeline using a principled abstract model that requires minimum changes to the existing SDN frameworks. Our testbed experiments show that the proposed architecture results in significant performance gains.
Examining differences in HPV awareness and knowledge and HPV vaccine awareness and acceptability between U.S. Hispanic and island Puerto Rican women.

Background In 2015, only 42% of Puerto Rican (PR) girls aged 13-17 and 44% of U.S. Hispanic girls aged 13-17 were vaccinated with all three Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine doses; These percentages were far lower than the Healthy People 2020 goal of 80% of girls aged 13-15 the Healthy People 2020 goal of 80%. The purpose of this study was to examine potential differences in HPV awareness and knowledge and HPV vaccine awareness and acceptability between a population-based sample of U.S. Hispanic and island Puerto Rican women. Methods We restricted our analyses to female respondents from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 2007 (n=375; U.S. Hispanic) and HINTS Puerto Rico 2009 (n=417; PR). Using the Wald chi-square test, we assessed if there were significant differences in HPV awareness and knowledge and HPV vaccine awareness and acceptability between U.S. Hispanic and island PR women. We then utilized logistic or multinomial regression to control for covariates on significant outcomes. Results Both groups of Hispanic women were highly knowledgeable that HPV causes cancer (89.2% in both samples) and that HPV is a sexually transmitted infection (78.1% [U.S. Hispanics] and 84.7% [PR]). Less than 10% of both groups recognized that HPV can clear on its own without treatment. Island PR women had significantly higher HPV vaccine awareness (66.9% vs. 61.0%; Wald X2 F(1, 97) = 16.03, p < .001) and were more accepting of the HPV vaccine for a real or hypothetical daughter, compared to U.S. Hispanic women (74.8% vs. 56.1%; Wald X2 F(2, 96) = 7.18, p < .001). However, after controlling for sociodemographic variables and survey group, there was no longer a difference between the two groups of women and HPV vaccine awareness (AOR = .53; 95% CI = .23, 1.24). Moreover, after controlled analysis, island PR women were significantly less likely to have their hypothetical daughter get the HPV vaccine, compared to U.S. Hispanic women (AOR = 0.26; 95% CI = .08, .81). Conclusions Future research focused on factors contributing to differences and similarities in HPV knowledge and awareness and HPV vaccine awareness and acceptability between these two groups of Hispanic women is warranted. Findings may assist in developing health education programs and media to promote HPV vaccination among both groups.
Connectar l'ensenyament a les tecnologies interconnectades. Per què és important? La perspectiva d'un dissenyador pedagògic

Aquest article identifica la dissociacio entre les demandes del lloc de treball i l'ensenyament universitari. Subratlla la importancia d'oferir formacio continua al professorat en l'ambit de l'ensenyament interconnectat i posa en relleu el paper del dissenyador pedagogic per a ajudar el professorat a integrar eines de comunicacio social als seus cursos d'una manera pedagogicament apropiada. Un exemple d'aquesta mena de practica es l'aprenentatge interconnectat que fa servir mitjans de comunicacio social en cursos i programes d'ensenyament superior en linia. Partint de la teoria del connectivisme i de la idea de l'aprenentatge interconnectat, aquest article descriu les diferents maneres d'animar i aconsellar els professors associats i a distancia per a adoptar mitjans i xarxes de comunicacio social.
Are strategic orientations and managerial characteristics drivers of performance in the US wine industry

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of strategic orientations and managerial characteristics on the performance of wine businesses in the US wine industry. Also considered is the power of firm size as measured by production and firm age since founding, as moderating variables that could attenuate or heighten their impact.,Data were gathered via an online survey, where 306 representatives of the US wineries responded. Data are analyzed using descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression, cross-tabulations and Pearson chi-square (χ2) analysis.,Wine businesses that reported increased sales and profits over the previous three years made significant changes to organizational structure and staffing levels. Wineries that reported flat or decreasing sales and profits were less apt to make changes in organizational structure or staffing levels. Firm age was found to mediate performance in terms of incremental sales and profit growth; firm size was found to mediate only incremental profit growth.,Developing skills in marketing, strategic planning and entrepreneurial thinking to build a defensible industry position and to create the staffing and structure to support that position appear to be of great importance to wine businesses.,This study develops and tests a model investigating how firm size and age impact strategic orientations and managerial characteristics on the performance of the US wine businesses. This study investigates which strategic orientations and managerial characteristics wine businesses need to be successful in the future.
Implicit Physician Biases in Periviability Counseling.

Objective To assess whether neonatologists show implicit racial and/or socioeconomic biases and whether these are predictive of recommendations at extreme periviability. Study design A nationwide survey using a clinical vignette of a woman in labor at 232/7 weeks of gestation asked physicians how likely they were to recommend intensive vs comfort care. Participants were randomized to 1 of 4 versions of the vignette in which racial and socioeconomic stimuli were varied, followed by 2 implicit association tests (IATs). Results IATs revealed implicit preferences favoring white (mean IAT score = 0.48, P Conclusions Building on previous demonstrations of unconscious racial and socioeconomic biases among physicians and their predictive validity, our results suggest that unconscious socioeconomic bias influences recommendations when counseling at the limits of viability. Physicians who display a negative socioeconomic bias are less likely to recommend resuscitation when counseling women of high socioeconomic status. The influence of implicit socioeconomic bias on recommendations at periviability may influence neonatal healthcare disparities and should be explored in future studies.
The Distinctiveness of Nonprofits and Their Role in Public Affairs Education

(2015). The Distinctiveness of Nonprofits and Their Role in Public Affairs Education. Journal of Public Affairs Education: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 305-310.
Bupropion alone or with a nicotine patch increased smoking cessation rates

Source Citation Jorenby DE, Leischow SJ, Nides MA, et al. A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch, or both for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 1999 Mar 4;340:685-91.
A collaborative approach for the teaching of the ethical and technological issues surrounding gene modification

Technologies allowing for the modifications of genes and gene expression are constantly expanding. With these technologies, comes the possibility of new treatments and cures for a number of serious diseases; however, they also pose serious ethical issues that must be addressed. One difficulty with discussing such dilemmas is that most people lack either the scientific or ethical foundations necessary to fully comprehend these issues. It will therefore be necessary for scientists and ethicists to discuss these matters and work together to understand their implications. Herein, we describe a collaborative project that was conducted jointly between an upper-division chemistry class (Chemical Biology) and a capstone ethics course (Ethics). In this project, the chemistry students provided expertise regarding the technological background and current research applications of technologies related to the modification of genes and gene expression which they share with the ethics students. The ethics students then take this understanding and use it to provide information about ethical systems that can be used to help understand the implications of these technologies. We will describe the genesis of this assignment, the assignment itself, and student and faculty views on the efficacy of this collaborative learning opportunity.
Direction of Arrival Estimation for Complex Sources Through $\ell _1$ Norm Sparse Bayesian Learning

In this letter, Laplace distribution is used to model the prior for the direction of arrival (DoA) of sources. In order to incorporate the real and imaginary part of the received signal, we propose a method that pairwise estimates the hyperparameters for parts of the signal coefficients. In addition, we propose a multitask algorithm to extend the application of our method to the situation where multiple measurements are available. Nonuniform linear arrays are used to demonstrate the validity and advantages of the proposed method including its improved efficiency and accuracy compared with the state-of-art DoA estimation methods.
Placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial testing the efficacy and safety of varenicline for smokers with HIV.

Abstract Background People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) smoke tobacco at higher rates and have more difficulty quitting than the general population, which contributes to significant life-years lost. The effectiveness of varenicline, one of the most effective tobacco dependence treatments, is understudied in HIV. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of varenicline for smoking cessation among PLWH. Methods This was a single-site randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial (NCT01710137). PLWH on antiretroviral therapy (ART) who were treatment-seeking daily smokers were randomized (1:1) to 12 weeks of varenicline (n = 89) or placebo (n = 90). All participants were offered six smoking cessation behavioral counseling sessions. The primary outcome was 7-day point prevalence abstinence, confirmed with breath carbon monoxide, at Weeks 12 and 24. Continuous abstinence and time to relapse were secondary outcomes. Safety measures were treatment-related side effects, adverse events, blood pressure, viral load, and ART adherence. Results Of the 179 smokers, 81% were African American, and 68% were male. Varenicline increased cessation at Week 12 (28.1% vs. 12.1%; OR = 4.54, 95% CI:1.83−11.25, P = .001). Continuous abstinence from Week 9 to 12 was higher for varenicline vs. placebo (23.6% vs. 10%; OR = 4.65, 95% CI:1.71−12.67, P = .003); at Week 24, there was no effect of varenicline for point prevalence (14.6% vs. 10%), continuous abstinence (10.1% vs. 6.7%), or time to relapse (Ps > .05). There were no differences between varenicline and placebo on safety measures (Ps > .05). Conclusions Varenicline is safe and efficacious for short-term smoking cessation among PLWH and should be used to reduce tobacco-related life-years lost in this population.
Engineering Two-dimensional Nanomaterials to Enable Structure-Activity Relationship Studies in Nanosafety Research.

Abstract Emerging, two-dimensional engineered nanomaterials (2DNMs) possess unique and diverse physical and chemical properties, such as extreme aspect ratios, adjustable electronic properties as well as functional lattice defects and surface chemistry which underpin their interactions with biological systems. This perspective highlights the need for structure activity relationship (SAR) studies for key properties of emerging graphene-related and inorganic 2DNMs upon prioritization based on their potential impact and trajectory for large-scale production and applications. Further, it is discussed how a synthesis platform of microbiologically sterile, size-sorted, “model” 2DNMs with precise structure would enable SAR toxicological studies and allow for the sustainable and safe translation of 2D nanotechnology to real-world applications.
B(l)ack By Popular Demand: An Analysis of Positive Black Male Characters in Television and Audiences’ Community Cultural Wealth:

AbstractOften media research interrogating Black male characters featured in television does so from a deficit-based framework. To shift the conversation and showcase affirmative examples of Black ...
Considering the Classroom Assessment of Nature of Science

Although there have been both contributions and debate among science educators regarding the best way to assess understanding of NOS for research purposes (Chen 2006; Chen et al. 2013; Elby and Hammer 2001; Lederman et al. 2002), teachers’ classroom strategies for assessing their students’ understanding of NOS have received only minimal attention. Studies have examined the utility of explicit approaches to teaching about NOS, which are defined as approaches in which NOS is “… intentionally planned for, taught, and assessed (emphasis added)” (Lederman et al. 2001, p. 137), yet this latter component (assessment of NOS) is often not addressed in research that examines teachers’ NOS instruction.
Hydrophilic slippery surface enabled coarsening effect for rapid water harvesting

Summary Water harvesting through the condensation of vapor in air has the potential to alleviate water scarcity in arid regions around the globe. When water vapor is condensed on a cooled surface, tiny water droplets act as thermal barriers. Thus, they must be removed rapidly for efficient water harvesting. Passive technologies for droplet removal rely on in-site growth and direct contact of densely distributed droplets. However, it is challenging to remove submicrometer droplets that lead to a poor water harvesting rate. Here, we present a coarsening effect to rapidly remove water droplets with diameters
Tuning the critical Li intercalation concentrations for Mo X 2 ( X = S , Se, or Te) bilayer phase transitions

Transition metal dichalcogenides, such as ${\mathrm{MoS}}_{2}$, are known to undergo a structural phase transformation as well as a change in the electronic conductivity upon Li intercalation. These properties make them candidates for charge-tunable ion-insertion materials that could be used in electrochemical devices. In this paper, we study the phase stability and electronic structure of H and T' Li-intercalated $\mathrm{Mo}{X}_{2}$ bilayers with X = S, Se, or Te. Using first-principles calculations in combination with classical and machine learning modeling approaches, we find that the H phase is more stable at low Li concentration for all X and the critical Li concentration at which the T'$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{H}$ transition occurs decreases with increasing mass of X. Furthermore, the relative free energy of the two phases becomes less sensitive to Li insertion with increasing atomic mass of the chalcogen atom X. While the electronic conductivity increases with increasing ion concentration at low concentrations, we do not observe a (positive) conductivity jump at the phase transition from H to T'.
Planarization of Rough (100) GaAs Substrates via Growth by Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy

Wafer reuse techniques help offset the cost of III-V growth substrates by using a single wafer for multiple growths, but costly re-polishing after device removal limits the end benefit. In this work, we present planarization growth by hydride vapor-phase epitaxy (HVPE), a potentially low-cost growth technique, as a method of smoothing rough substrates for subsequent high-quality device growth without the need for polishing. First, we show there is a threshold for allowable substrate roughness without device degradation by comparing devices grown by organometallic vapor-phase epitaxy (OMVPE) on epi-ready polished and pre-polished substrates that did not have the final epi-ready polish. We then demonstrate successful smoothing with HVPE growth on substrates with different surface morphologies, with features ranging from general roughness to large facets. Initial devices grown by HVPE on a pre-polished substate showed no degradation compared to a control wafer, indicating that planarizing rough substrates through HVPE growth is a promising path toward being able to use rough substrates directly for growth, without costly polishing steps.
Symptomatic use of carbidopa in autonomic disorders.

Abstract Carbidopa is being explored as a novel therapy for hyperadrenergic symptoms of autonomic disorders, due to its potential to decrease peripheral catecholamine levels. This study retrospectively characterized patients in our autonomic clinic who were prescribed carbidopa for open label treatment of autonomic symptoms. 23 patients were included; approximately half had postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Those with documented plasma catecholamines had elevated standing norepinephrine. Patients typically had multiple comorbidities and multiple failed therapies. 19 took carbidopa (typically 25 mg three times daily); 12 continued it for longer than 3 months. 11 patients reported better symptom control with carbidopa, most commonly tremor and gastrointestinal dysfunction. 4 patients reported side effects. In this small retrospective study, carbidopa was well tolerated in patients with dysautonomia, and half reported symptomatic benefit. Larger, placebo-controlled trials are warranted for further investigation of this therapy.
The Gendered Effect of Cooperative Education, Contextual Support, and Self‐Efficacy on Undergraduate Retention

Background Longstanding data have established that women earn about 20% of undergraduate degrees in engineering; they also have lower academic self-efficacy in the science, technology, engineering, and math fields than do men. This study examines these findings through a longitudinal design that explores whether cooperative education (co-op) can improve the retention of women (and men) in their undergraduate studies. Purpose This study examines the effect on retention of demographic characteristics, cooperative education, contextual support, and three dimensions of self-efficacy – work, career, and academic – and their change over time. It incorporates longitudinal measures and a data check at the end of the students' fifth year. Design/Method Respondents filled out 20-minute surveys, approximately one year apart, during three separate time periods. The study introduced and validated a number of new scales. The data for each time period were submitted to successive analyses. Results The findings verified the study's pathways model. Academic achievement and academic self-efficacy, as well as contextual support in the case for women, in all time periods were critical to retention. Work self-efficacy, developed by students between their second and fourth years, was also an important factor in retention, although it was strongly tied to the students' participation in co-op programs. Higher retention was associated with an increased number of co-ops completed by students. Conclusion Relationships between work self-efficacy and co-op participation and between academic self-efficacy and academic achievement play a critical role in retention for both male and female students.
Application of artificial immune system based intelligent multi agent model to a mine detection problem

Biological systems are sophisticated and intelligent information processing systems. They have inspired scientists and engineers to solve complex computational and information processing tasks. This paper presents a novel artificial immune system based intelligent multi agent model named AISIMAM. The model involves the behavioral management of artificial intelligence, namely multi agent systems and artificial immune systems. This paper outlines AISIMAM, concentrates on the mine detection application and discusses the results.
University service projects involving multiple users

This poster describes the creation of software to support two service projects that involved the input of multiple users in the development process. The purpose of the first project is to create a prototype student resume bank. The project is created using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 and Microsoft Access 2002 on Windows Operating System. Dr. Michael Harris, an associate professor of accounting at Saint Edward's University, will utilize this prototype to convince the school that a resume bank can be used as a job placement tool for students and as way to connect hiring companies to job-seeking students.
SATware: A Semantic Approach for Building Sentient Spaces

This chapter describes the architecture of a semantic-based middleware environment for building sensor-driven sentient spaces. The proposed middleware explicitly models sentient space semantics (i.e., entities, spaces, activities) and supports mechanisms to map sensor observations to the state of the sentient space. We argue how such a semantic approach provides a powerful programming environment for building sensor spaces. In addition, the approach provides natural ways to exploit semantics for variety of purposes including scheduling under resource constraints and sensor recalibration.
Price Dispersion in Electricity Auctions: The Strategic Foundation and Implication to Market Design

We model uniform and discriminatory auctions in wholesale electricity markets. High variability of electricity prices is often explained by exogenous economic factors. We, however, show that it can result endogenously from suppliers' strategic bidding, and that the connection between demand and price uncertainties is not direct, but manifested through bidders' assessments of capacity scarcity. Under symmetric and risk-neutral suppliers, the two auction formats yield the same expected procurement cost for buyers, but the discriminatory auction results in substantially lower price variance. When suppliers are risk-averse or have asymmetric capacities, expected procurement costs are also lower in discriminatory auctions.
Comparison of the Action of Colicins E1 and K on Escherichia coli with the Effects of Abortive Infection by Virulent Bacteriophages

Abortive infection of certain strains of Escherichia coli or Shigella dysenteriae with phages of the T-even group or with phage T5 resembles the action of colicin E1 or K on sensitive bacteria, especially in the effects on biosynthetic processes. Tests on transport systems and on adenosine triphosphate levels suggest, however, that different mechanisms are involved in the two cases. Abortive infection appears to cause damage to the permeability barrier of the cell, whereas the colicins interfere more directly with the energy metabolism of the bacteria.
The PRISMA Extension for Network Meta-analysis: Bringing Clarity and Guidance to the Reporting of Systematic Reviews Incorporating Network Meta-analyses

In this issue, Hutton and colleagues present an extension of the PRISMA statement that was developed to improve reporting of systematic reviews incorporating network meta-analyses. The editorialist...
Comment on “Endothelial ICAM-1 Protein Induction Is Regulated by Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α via Both NF-κB and CREB Transcription Factors”

I read with great interest the article by Hadad et al. ([1][1]) in the February 1, 2011 issue of The Journal of Immunology . The experimental design is systematic but I, however, would like to comment on one essential point and add a word of caution. The authors used in different experimental
Trade Openness and Culture

This paper empirically analyzes the effect of trade openness on culture, measured by indicators of trust, respect for others, perceived level of self-determination, and level of obedience. These cultural categories play a central role in encouraging or limiting economic and social interactions and therefore impact economic outcomes. We find that trade openness has a positive and highly significant impact on culture. The more open a country is to trade, the more likely it is to possess culture conducive to increased social and economic interactions. This result is robust to the inclusion of a variety of control variables, different model specifications, and alternative trade measures.
Lineal Feature Extraction by Parallel Stick Growing

Finding lineal features in an image is an important step in many object recognition and scene analysis procedures. Previous feature extraction algorithms exhibit poor parallel performance because features often extend across large areas of the data set. This paper describes a parallel method for extracting lineal features based on an earlier sequential algorithm, stick growing. The new method produces results qualitatively similar to the sequential method.
A high fat diet containing saturated but not unsaturated fatty acids enhances T cell receptor clustering on the nanoscale.

Abstract Cell culture studies show that the nanoscale lateral organization of surface receptors, their clustering or dispersion, can be altered by changing the lipid composition of the membrane bilayer. However, little is known about similar changes in vivo , which can be effected by changing dietary lipids. We describe the use of a newly developed method, k-space image correlation spectroscopy, kICS, for analysis of quantum dot fluorescence to show that a high fat diet can alter the nanometer-scale clustering of the murine T cell receptor, TCR, on the surface of naive CD4 + T cells. We found that diets enriched primarily in saturated fatty acids increased TCR nanoscale clustering to a level usually seen only on activated cells. Diets enriched in monounsaturated or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids had no effect on TCR clustering. Also none of the high fat diets affected TCR clustering on the micrometer scale. Furthermore, the effect of the diets was similar in young and middle aged mice. Our data establish proof-of-principle that TCR nanoscale clustering is sensitive to the composition of dietary fat.
A method to improve SFDR with random interleaved sampling method

Recent high-speed ADCs, especially for communication applications, require higher sampling rates with wide spurious free dynamic range (SFDR). To achieve high sampling rate, a time-interleaved ADC architecture is quite popular and can be seen in many papers. However it is also well known that spurious components occur when using this conventional interleaved sampling method. These spurious components seriously affect SFDR. This paper newly proposes the random interleaved sampling method so that we can completely remove these components and get better SFDR.
Measurement of Intracellular Iodophilic Polysaccharide in Two Cariogenic Strains of Streptococcus mutans by Cytochemical and Chemical Methods

Quantitative cytological and chemical methods have been developed to study the intracellular iodophilic polysaccharide (IPS) content of two strains of Streptococcus mutans. The cytological method uses a periodic acid-chlorite treatment of thin sections to increase the affinity of IPS for uranyl and lead salts. This results in the IPS appearing as individual electron-dense granules which can be counted for quantitative studies. As a basis for these quantitative studies, IPS was measured chemically by dissolving whole cells with hot KOH and quantitating spectrophotometrically the amount of iodine-polysaccharide complex formed.
ELECTRICAL RESPONSES TO CHEMICAL STIMULATION OF SQUID OLFACTORY RECEPTOR CELLS

Electrical properties of isolated olfactory receptor cells were studied usingb voltage- and current-clamp techniques based on whole-cell patch-clamp methods. Squid olfactory receptor cells contain voltage-gated Na + and K + channels and are capable of generating action potentials. Chemicals that elicit escape-jetting responses in behavioral experiments affect the excitability of isolated receptor cells. One set of such chemicals, including quaternary ammonium ions and aminopyridines, blocks K + channels and increases excitability. Squid ink and L-Dopa also elicit escape jetting, but these substances increase membrane conductance, hyperpolarize the receptor cell and decrease excitability. These experiments indicate that sensory neurons of the olfactory organ are capable of detecting chemical signals and that at least two different transduction mechanismscan lead to similar behavioral responses.
Metal-catalyzed silicon nanowires: control and connection

Self-assembled Si nanowires can be grown using chemical vapor deposition accelerated by metal catalyst nanoparticles. The diameter of the nanowires depends on the size of the nanoparticles, which in turn can be controlled by varying the amount of catalyst deposited and the annealing conditions. The nanowires make good electrical connection to the substrate on which they are grown. They generally grow epitaxially along directions and can grow laterally from one vertical (111)-oriented surface toward another and make good mechanical and electrical connection to the second surface. The nanowires can serve as sensors or as the channels of field-effect transistors.
THE HUMAN SIDE OF BANKING: WORK ATTITUDE AND SOCIAL ALIENATION

This paper examined the correlations between work alienation and alienation in society. Alternative views of alienation, the generalized approach, the compensatory, and the segmentation approaches, were tested in the banking industry. Study 1 examined the relationship between powerlessness and self-estrangement on the job and anomie. Study 2 examined alienation in society as well as at work. The association of powerlessness, self-estrangement at work, and powerlessness in society, general meaninglessness, social isolation, and cultural estrangement was examined. Studies 1 and 2 show that powerlessness in work is positively correlated with anomie, powerlessness in society, and social isolation. Self-estrangement in work had no significant correlation with any form of alienation in society. Study 3 introduced two other variables: the meaning of work to the respondents and the degree of work alienation. Subjects who viewed work as expressive showed a significant correlation between work alienation and aliena...
SOLVING THE TIME-DEPENDENT SCHRODINGER EQUATION : SUPPRESSION OF REFLECTION FROM THE GRID BOUNDARY WITH A FILTERED SPLIT-OPERATOR APPROACH

We present the split-operator approach, with an additional filtering step, for solving the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation that significantly suppresses the backreflection of waves from the grid boundaries.