cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrated modeling of information and physical flows in transportation systems

Modeling transportation systems operations in large part involves an understanding of how physical entities (i.e., vehicles) move and interact with each other in the system. Transportation systems that are integrated with information technologies involve flow of information besides the flow of physical entities. In some cases, a unified modeling approach that considers both flows is needed to create an accurate model for system operations. This paper highlights the significance of such a modeling approach that involves an explicit representation of information flow attributes (e.g., response time and information delay). Several small-scale queuing models are developed to illustrate the importance of incorporating information flow related attributes into the models of transportation systems operations. In each example system, two scenarios are considered: modeling the given system with or without explicitly representing the information flow. Comparison of performance statistics is made between these two scenarios. It is found that ignoring information flows may lead to significant inaccuracies in the estimates of the system performance.
A new function for ATP: activating cardiac sympathetic afferents during myocardial ischemia

Myocardial ischemia activates cardiac sympathetic afferents leading to chest pain and reflex cardiovascular responses. Brief myocardial ischemia leads to ATP release in the interstitial space. Furt...
Detecting partially occluded objects via segmentation and validation

This paper presents a novel algorithm: Verfied Partial Object Detector (VPOD) for accurate detection of partially occluded objects such as furniture in 3D point clouds. VPOD is implemented and validated on real sensor data obtained by our robot. It extends Viewpoint Feature Histograms (VFH), which classify unoccluded objects, to also classify partially occluded objects such as furniture that might be seen in typical office environments. To achieve this result, VPOD employs two strategies. First, object models are segmented and the object database is extended to include partial models. Second, once a matching partial object is detected, the complete object model is aligned back into the scene and verified for consistency with the point cloud data. Overall, our approach increases the number of objects found and substantially reduces false positives due to the verification process.
Circadian Rhythms in Animals: A Canonical Connections Map

Circadian rhythms are near-24-hour endogenous rhythms of behavior and physiology that are a nearly universal feature of eukaryotic life. Genetic and biochemical experiments over the past decade have allowed the construction of a viable working model for the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythm generation in animals. The basic mechanism consists of two intertwined transcription-translation negative feedback loops. One loop--the "positive loop"--controls the rhythmic expression of a well-conserved Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS)-domain-containing positive transcription factor (Clock in Drosophila, and BMAL1, which is also known as MOP3, in the mouse). The second loop--the "negative loop"--controls the expression of another PAS-domain protein (the repressor Period), as well as species-specific repressors (Timeless in Drosophila and Cryptochrome in mice). The loops are intertwined because Period and its binding partners directly repress transcription mediated by Clock and its binding partners (Cycle in Drosophila and BMAL1 in the mouse), whereas Clock:Cycle (or CLOCK:BMAL1) drives the transcription of period and the other repressors, as well as that of repressors of Clock or Bmal1 transcriptional expression. Other factors, including conserved kinases such as Casein kinase I ϵ (CkIϵ), have essential functions in the timekeeping mechanism. Remarkably, this mechanism appears to be fundamentally conserved between Drosophila and mammalian circadian clocks. This Canonical Connections Map Pathway describes the basic mechanism underlying circadian signaling, whereas the accompanying specific Pathway Maps for Drosophila and murine circadian mechanisms describe the individual known components of the circadian clock and their mutual interactions. Science Viewpoint R. N. Van Gelder, E. D. Herzog, W. J. Schwartz, P. H. Taghert, Circadian rhythms: In the loop at last. Science300, 1534-1535 (2003). [Abstract] [Full Text]
Optoelectronic design of the simultaneous optical multiprocessor exchange bus (SOME-Bus)

Low latency, high bandwidth interconnecting networks that directly link arbitrary pairs of processing elements without contention are very desirable for parallel computers. The simultaneous optical multiprocessor exchange bus (SOME-Bus) based on a fiber optic interconnect is such a network. The SOME-Bus provides a dedicated channel for each processor for data output and thus eliminates global arbitration. Each processor can receive data simultaneously from all other processors in the system using an array of receivers. The architecture allow for simultaneous multicast and broadcast messages using several processors with zero setup time and no global scheduling. In this paper, we discuss the design of a possible opto-electronic implementation of the SOME-Bus along with an optical power budget analysis. Slant Bragg fiber grains arranged to couple light out of a fiber ribbon cable into an array of amorphous silicon detectors vertically integrated on a silicon are presented as a low cost novel means of interconnecting 10 to 120 processors.
Analytical Performance Criteria

Gold amalgam sampling for mercury vapor is a highly sensitive technique that is widely used for the analysis of samples of ambient air (1) but has not been used extensively for workplace air analys...
Cultivation of phagotrophic algae with waste activated sludge as a fast approach to reclaim waste organics

Substantial energy is reserved in waste activated sludge (WAS) organics but much of it is difficult to recover because the solid organics require long time to solubilize. In this work we introduced the new approach of recovering WAS organics into the biomass of phagotrophic algae. Phagotrophic algae have the unique ability to grow by ingesting insoluble organic particles including microbial cells. This phagotrophic ability renders the solubilization of WAS organics unnecessary and makes this approach remarkably fast. The approach consists of two stages: a short anaerobic digestion treatment followed by the algal growth on treated WAS. The short anaerobic digestion was exploited to release discrete bacteria from WAS flocs. Phagotrophic algae could then grow rapidly with the released bacteria as well as the solubilized nutrients in the treated WAS. The results showed that WAS organics could be quickly consumed by phagotrophic algae. Among all studied conditions the highest WAS volatile solids (VS) reduction was achieved with 72 h anaerobic digestion and 24 h algal growth. In this optimal process, 28% of WAS VS was reduced, and 41% and 20% of the reduced VS were converted into algal biomass and lipids, respectively. In comparison, only 18% WAS VS were reduced after the same time of aerobic digestion without algae addition. Through this approach, the amount of WAS organics requiring further treatment for final disposal is significantly reduced. With the production of significant amounts of algal biomass and lipids, WAS treatment is expected to be more economical and sustainable in material recycling.
Communication Methods with Limited English Proficiency Research Participants to Acquire Informed Consent During Clinical Trials

Ample literature acknowledges language barriers in standard care of practice. However, there is an acute shortage of research on communication barriers during the informed consent process in clinical trials. To contribute to the growing need to address Limited English Proficiency (LEP) in health care, a qualitative case study was used to explore communication methods and the understanding of LEP guardians of pediatric patients while participating in the informed consent process during clinical trials. Five principal investigators with diverse medical backgrounds, nine LEP Spanish speaking guardians, and five interpreters from the Language Assistance Program at a North Texas Research Institution (NTRI) participated in the study. Four major themes impacting decision making emerged: (a) the influence of physician and principal investigator as authority figure, (b) communication challenges including emotional involvement and verbal and non-verbal language, (c) cultural awareness and sensitivity including religious or spiritual beliefs and country of origin, and (d) level of education. A significant finding of the study was the importance of the inclusion of LEP participants’ country of origin and recognition of various dialects to mitigate communication barriers; the ability to speak Spanish was not enough. In addition, LEP guardians’ pervious knowledge and/or experiences with clinical trials in their country of origin influenced their understanding of participation. The findings of this study support the literature on communication and language barriers in the healthcare system.
Theory, Method, and the Mechanism of Framing: Reflections on the Syrian Civil War and Palestinian Intifada

This article bridges two literatures: research on social movements, in which framing is widely recognized as an important causal mechanism; and research in civil wars and insurgencies, which tends to deemphasize cultural-interpretative factors such as framing. We argue that it is important that insights of framing be applied to insurgencies because there is a fundamental framing action that often occurs. We have in mind civil wars in which oppositional activists, who previously had pursued nonviolent tactics, apply a prognostic frame of ‘what to do’ that specifies armed conflict. Drawing on methodologies of subject–verb–object grammars used to analyze political texts, this article elaborates a comprehensive approach to framing that involves not only shifts in the , or specifications of ‘what to do’, but also shifts in a , or definitions of ‘who we are’, and in an , or the targets of ‘who the enemy is’. We use organizational texts from the first Palestinian Intifada to demonstrate...
Development of Chalcogenide Thin Film Materials for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production

In the present communication, we report our efforts to integrate chalcogenide-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) materials into a standalone device capable of water-splitting using sunlight as the only source of energy. More specifically, the PEC performances of copper gallium diselenide are presented. First, a brief introduction to the material microstructural characteristics is presented. Then, the PEC properties are discussed, including incident-photonto-current efficiency (>60% in the visible), Faradaic efficiency (uncatalyzed, 86%) and durability (400 hours). Finally, we report the solar-to-hydrogen benchmark efficiency (3.7%) of a device made of a CuGaSe2 photocathode and a-Si solar cells measured in a 2-electrode configuration using a RuO2 counter electrode.
Description of common musculoskeletal findings in Williams Syndrome and implications for therapies

Williams syndrome (WS), also referred to as Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), is a relatively rare genetic disorder affecting ∼1/10,000 persons. Since the disorder is caused by a micro-deletion of ∼1.5 Mb, it is not surprising that the manifestations of WS are extremely broad, involving most body systems. In this paper, we primarily focus on the musculoskeletal aspects of WS as these findings have not been the subject of a comprehensive review. We review the MSK features commonly seen in individuals with WS, along with related sensory and neurological issues interacting with and compounding underlying MSK abnormalities. We end by providing perspective, particularly from the vantage point of a physical therapist, on therapeutic interventions to address the most common MSK and related features seen in WS. Clin. Anat. 29:578-589, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Extender Tax Provisions

This is testimony submitted at the invitation of the Senate Finance Committee for its hearings on January 31, 2012 on tax provisions that had expired at the end of 2011, but which the Finance Committee was considering for extension for two more years. For 13 of the provisions, worth about $18 billion over ten years, the testimony recommends that they be left expired. For nine of the provisions, worth $12 billion over ten years, there is a worthy cause, but the provisions need to be reworked to refocus with less waste and with greater efficiency. The three most important provision on the “keep dead” list are(1) Exception under Subpart F for active financing income. ($5.2 billion over 10 years). The testimony says that financing income can be sourced offshore without any economic substance. Subpart F which taxes mobile income to U.S. owners properly applies to this income.(2) 15-year straight-line cost recovery for qualified leasehold improvements, qualified restaurant buildings and improvements, and qualified retail improvements. ($2.9 billion over 10 years). The expired provision allows a 15-year tax life for improvements to buildings for the lessee. The testimony says the normal 39 year life for nonresidential real property is more appropriate. (3) Deduction for state and local general sales taxes. ($2.8 billion over 10 years if AMT is patched). The expired provision would allow an itemized deduction for state sales taxes. The testimony says that the deduction is inappropriate. The purchaser voluntarily pays the sales taxes by buying the product and we know that the product contributes to the purchaser’s standard of living by at least its cost including sales tax because the purchaser is willing to pay for it. The most important issue on the list of provisions that should be re-enacted but only after better focus that cuts down government caused waste is the tax credit for research and experimentation expenses ($7.7 billion over 10 years). The expired provision would give a research tax credit equal to 20 percent of increases in research. The testimony says that moneys currently qualifying as “research” are not required to give benefit to the general public worth the cost of the credit. Games like Dead Zone 2 and Grand Theft Auto IV that are not good for the general public are considered to be research. When the credit is applied to benefits consumers pay for, the subsidy distorts real demand. The testimony recommends that product development not be eligible as research and that the benefit to the general public should be ascertained only after the fact by a reward administered by National Science Foundation.
Process and Content of DSM-5:

The third edition of the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders was a highly successful revision in large part because it was tremendously in...
Selective inactivation of serine proteases by nonheme iron complexes.

Oxidative inactivation of the serine proteases trypsin and chymotrypsin by nonheme iron complexes is described. The nonheme ligands N4Py (1) and derivative 3CG-N4Py (2), which contains a pendant guanidinium group, were used as ligands for iron. Ferryl (FeIVO) species derived from these ligands, [FeIV(O)(N4Py)]2+ (7) and [FeIV(O)(3CG-N4Py)]3+ (8), inactivate trypsin and chymotrypsin by the oxidation of amino acid side chains. Ferryl 8 is most effective with chymotrypsin (IC50 value of 26 μM for 8 vs 119 μM for 7). IC50 values of 71 and 54 μM were obtained for trypsin with 7 and 8, respectively. Amino acid analysis confirmed that residues cysteine, tyrosine, and tryptophan are oxidized under these conditions. Trypsin is inactivated preferentially over chymotrypsin under catalytic conditions, where the enzyme was pulsed with H2O2 in the presence of ferrous complexes [FeII(OH2)(N4Py)]2+(5) and [FeII(Cl)(3CG-N4Py)]2+ (6). Control experiments support the action of a unique oxidant, other than ferryls or hydroxy...
A Study of Mealworm Hemocytes with Phase Contrast Microscopy

Reliable data on differential hemocyte counts (hemograms) obtained daily from the same individual insects would be very desirable information for the evaluation of results of various experimental studies on these cells. The possibility that such data could be obtained by the use of phase microscopy on unfixed, wet coverslip preparations of hemolymph was the motive of the present study. The object of the study was fourfold: (1) to determine the criteria for recognition of the various kinds of hemocytes in wet preparations examined by phase microscopy; (2) to evaluate the reliability of hemograms taken by this method as compared to preparations made from heat-fixed larvae; (3) to compare the total numbers of hemocytes available without heat fixing with those following this procedure; and (4) to determine whether or not continued bleedings of individual insects would result in marked variations in the hemograms.
Role of Lewis and Brønsted Acid Sites in the Dehydration of Glycerol over Niobia

The role of Lewis and Bronsted sites in the dehydration of glycerol on niobium oxide and Na+-exchanged niobium oxide is investigated using FTIR spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations. Glycerol is impregnated on the catalysts at room temperature using an ex-situ method. Under high vacuum conditions, glycerol forms a stable multidentate alkoxy species through its primary hydroxyl groups with the Lewis sites. When coordinated this way, the primary C–O bonds are polarized, favoring dehydration in this position to form hydroxyacetone. In contrast, dehydration of the secondary alcohol group is kinetically favored over Bronsted acid sites in the absence of steric constraints. The primary product of this reaction, 1,3-propenediol, is further dehydrated to acrolein. When more than a monolayer of glycerol is impregnated on niobia, monoaromatic compounds are also formed on the surface upon heating.
Correlated crash vulnerabilities

Modern distributed storage systems employ complex protocols to update replicated data. In this paper, we study whether such update protocols work correctly in the presence of correlated crashes. We find that the correctness of such protocols hinges on how local file-system state is updated by each replica in the system. We build PACE, a framework that systematically generates and explores persistent states that can occur in a distributed execution. PACE uses a set of generic rules to effectively prune the state space, reducing checking time from days to hours in some cases. We apply PACE to eight widely used distributed storage systems to find correlated crash vulnerabilities, i.e., problems in the update protocol that lead to user-level guarantee violations. PACE finds a total of 26 vulnerabilities across eight systems, many of which lead to severe consequences such as data loss, corrupted data, or unavailable clusters.
Interdisciplinary Service Learning: From Teacher Education Programs to Early Childhood Facilities

The promotion of civic responsibility and community in the classroom is pertinent when teaching in the field of early childhood education (Billig. Phi Delta Kappan 81(9):658–664, 2000). When students have opportunities and experiences with creating a classroom community, it is then easier to encourage the generalization of such experiences to the local communities (such as day care centers) in which they live and interact (Gross. Phi Delta Kappan 91(5):24, 2010; Lake, Jones. Teach Teach Educ 24(8):2146–2156, 2008; Trail Ross. J Commun Health Nurs 29(1):53–60. doi: 10.1080/07370016.2012.645746, 2012). Teachers can support service-learning projects throughout the content areas while also demonstrating collaboration through interdisciplinary service-learning activities or collaboration with teacher education programs. It is through teacher education programs that the initial provisions of the development of service-learning opportunities, in the academic setting and early childhood facilities, can be established (Miller. Phys Educ Sport Pedagog 17(1), 61–77). Upon graduation and employment, early childhood teachers can then continue the service-learning opportunities in their new academic settings. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a review of literature which contributes to the establishment of service-learning opportunities in the field of early childhood. It also describes how teachers can collaborate to promote interdisciplinary service learning.
Oral Agents for Type-2 Diabetes

Clearly oral agents are more popular with patients in the battle for glycemic control. Significant recent advances in oral agents have provided several interesting and synergistic medications to make glycemic control more attainable. These newer agents, by addressing the various causes of hyperglycemia in the type-2 diabetic state can be used synergistically with enhanced glycemic control.
Permutation property testing under different metrics with low query complexity

The goal of property testing is to quickly distinguish between objects which satisfy a property and objects that are ϵ-far from satisfying the property. There are now several general results in this area which show that natural properties of combinatorial objects can be tested with "constant" query complexity, depending only on ϵ and the property, and not on the size of the object being tested. The upper bound on the query complexity coming from the proof techniques are often enormous and impractical. It remains a major open problem if better bounds hold.Hoppen, Kohayakawa, Moreira, and Sampaio conjectured and Klimosova and Kral' proved that hereditary permutation properties are strongly testable, i.e., can be tested with respect to Kendall's tau distance. The query complexity bound coming from this proof is huge. Even for testing a single forbidden subpermutation it is of Ackermann-type in 1/ϵ. We give a new proof which gives a polynomial bound in 1/ϵ for testing a single forbidden subpermutation.Maybe surprisingly, for testing with respect to the rectangular distance, we prove there is a universal (not depending on the property), polynomial in 1/ϵ query complexity bound for two-sided testing hereditary properties of sufficiently large permutations. We further give a nearly linear bound with respect to a closely related metric which also depends on the smallest forbidden subpermutation for the property. Finally, we show that several different permutation metrics of interest are related to the rectangular distance, yielding similar results for testing with respect to these metrics.
Mapatumumab, A TRAIL Receptor 1 Agonist Antibody, Induces Apoptosis in Bortezomib Resistant Multiple Myeloma.

Abstract Abstract 2832 Poster Board II-808 Bortezomib, a novel proteasomal inhibitor, is an important treatment for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Despite its clinical success, acquired resistance to bortezomib is an unresolved challenge experienced in the clinic. Limited therapeutic options are available for patients with bortezomib resistant disease and novel therapies are urgently required to target bortezomib resistant MM. In this report, we evaluated the efficacy of Mapatumumab, a fully human agonistic antibody that targets and activates the tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor-1, on MM cell lines. Myeloma cell lines OPM2, KMS11 and U266 wild type (WT) and their respective bortezomib resistant (BR) derivatives were utilized to investigate the efficacy of mapatumumab to overcome bortezomib resistance. Biochemical analyses showed BR cells to have a higher proteasomal activity with cross-resistance to many of the conventional therapeutic agents. Treatment of both WT and BR cells with mapatumumab resulted in a significant (p Disclosures: Chanan-Khan: Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Millennium: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Immunogen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau.
Adapting Rate and Power for Maximizing Secrecy Energy Efficiency

We present the optimum rate and power adaptation rule that maximizes the average secrecy energy efficiency (SEE) subject to an average transmission power constraint. The SEE is defined as the outage secrecy capacity, the largest secrecy rate, such that the outage probability is less than a certain value, divided by the total power consumption (bits per joule). We characterize the SEE gain provided by varying the rate and/or the power, and discuss the impact of the number of antennas on the optimum adaptation rule.
Rhizobium Meliloti Nodulation Gene Regulation and Molecular Signals

We have been studying the genes used by Rhizobium meliloti to form nodules on host alfalfa plants. In recent work, we have characterized the interaction of the NodD protein with upstream nod box promoters, and have determined the circuit of analysis for the nodD3 and syrM genes. We have found that a locus on the chromosome, mutated in strain B4, is required for full NodD activity and have discovered the B4 gene to be at least partly homologous to a family of chaperonin proteins. We have also used the homology of the nodP gene to E. coli as a means to trace the function of this gene, and have examined the response of single plant root hairs to bacterial signals by means of electrophysiological monitoring.
High Pressure Size Exclusion Chromatography (HPSEC) Determination of Dissolved Organic Matter Molecular Weight Revisited: Accounting for Changes in Stationary Phases, Analytical Standards, and Isolation Methods

We reassessed the molecular weight of dissolved organic matter (DOM) determined by high pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) using measurements made with different columns and various generations of polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) molecular weight standards. Molecular weight measurements made with a newer generation HPSEC column and PSS standards from more recent lots are roughly 200 to 400 Da lower than initial measurements made in the early 1990s. These updated numbers match DOM molecular weights measured by colligative methods and fall within a range of values calculated from hydroxyl radical kinetics. These changes suggest improved accuracy of HPSEC molecular weight measurements that we attribute to improved accuracy of PSS standards and changes in the column packing. We also isolated DOM from wetlands in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) using XAD-8, a cation exchange resin, and PPL, a styrene-divinylbenzene media, and observed little difference in molecular weight and specific UV absorbance at 2...
Theoretical studies of electronic transport in monolayer and bilayer phosphorene: A critical overview

Recent ab initio theoretical calculations of the electrical performance of several two-dimensional materials predict a low-field carrier mobility that spans several orders of magnitude (from $26\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}000$ to 35 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, for example, for the hole mobility in monolayer phosphorene) depending on the physical approximations used. Given this state of uncertainty, we review critically the physical models employed, considering phosphorene, a group-V material, as a specific example. We argue that the use of the most accurate models results in a calculated performance that is at the disappointing lower end of the predicted range. We also employ first-principles methods to study high-field transport characteristics in monolayer and bilayer phosphorene. For thin multilayer phosphorene we confirm the most disappointing results, with a strongly anisotropic carrier mobility that does not exceed $\ensuremath{\sim}30$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{V}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ at 300 K for electrons along the armchair direction. We also discuss the dependence of low-field carrier mobility on the thickness of multilayer phosphorene.
Best Laid Plans: How Community College Student Success Courses Work:

Objective: Beyond understanding whether first-year student success interventions in community colleges are effective—for which there is mixed evidence in the literature—this study’s purpose was to uncover how they work to realize observed outcomes, including at times unanticipated undesirable outcomes. Method: This qualitative multiple case study used cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) to unpack interactions and tensions among programmatic-level features and individual-level experiences and actions. We conducted classroom observation, document analysis, and interviews with instructors and students in four student success courses across diverse contexts. Results: Regardless of particular designs and course emphases, we found in all cases a blurring of activity elements, wherein learning tools and learning goals were often coterminous, or instructors effectively took on the role of learning tools themselves, in the form of object lessons and mediators, for instance. Courses had a distinctive charact...
Magnetothermal disc winds in X-ray binaries: poloidal magnetic fields suppress thermal winds

Magnetic, radiation pressure, and thermal driving are the three mechanisms capable of launching accretion disk winds. In X-ray binaries, radiation pressure is often not significant, as in many systems the luminosity is too low for driving due to continuum transitions yet too high for driving due to line transitions. This leaves thermal and magnetic driving as the contender launching mechanisms in these systems. Using Athena++, we perform axisymmetric ideal MHD simulations that include radiative heating and cooling processes appropriate for Compton heated winds to show that the inclusion of magnetic fields into a thermally driven wind has the opposite effect of what one might expect: rather than provide a velocity boost, the thermal wind is suppressed in low plasma beta regions where the field lines are strong enough to reshape the direction of the flow. Our analysis reveals that magneto-centrifugal launching is present but weak, while the reduction in wind velocity is not due to the change in gravitational potential through the magnetically imposed streamline geometry, but rather due to the increased flow tube area just above the surface of the disk, which is less conducive to acceleration. Our results suggest that for magnetothermal wind models to be successful at producing fast dense outflows in low mass X-ray binaries, the winds must be magnetically launched well within the Compton radius.
Constraints on the source of short-term motion adaptation in macaque area MT. II. tuning of neural circuit mechanisms.

Neurons in area MT, a motion-sensitive area of extrastriate cortex, respond to a step of target velocity with a transient-sustained firing pattern. The transition from a high initial firing rate to...
The Axioms of Newtonian Mechanics

Although the laws of Newtonian mechanics are now acknowledged to be only approximately correct, classical mechanics is still the tool used by all save the nuclear physicists and the astronomers. No apology should be needed, therefore, for an investigation of the axioms of Newtonian mechanics. The fact that these axioms are not in exact accord with physical experience does not in any way imply that they cannot be stated clearly, precisely, operationally, and without internal contradiction. It is the aim of this paper to develop an axiom system that meets these standards.
Abstract 2686: Early Mortality Despite Prophylactic ICD Implantation in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Introduction : Multiple randomized clinical trials have shown that an ICD improves survival in patients (pts) with an ischemic cardiomyopathy. Although a life expectancy ≤ 1 year is considered a contraindication to ICD implantation, the incidence and predictors of early mortality remain undefined. Methods : We evaluated consecutive pts with ischemic heart disease and depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≤ 35%) who underwent prophylactic ICD implantation between February 2002 and December 2004. No pt underwent pre-implant electrophysiologic testing. Predictors of mortality within one year of ICD implantation were determined using Cox-regression analysis. Results : The study population consisted of 123 pts (103 male, age 70 ± 11 years) with a mean EF of 25 ± 6 %. The mean QRS duration was 149 ± 29 msec and 75 (61%) pts had class III CHF. Sixty-two (50%) pts received a LV lead. During a follow-up of 2.1 ± 1.1 years, 34 (28%) pts died. Overall, 22 (65%) of these 34 pts died ≤ 1 year post-ICD implantation. Pts who died within a year were less likely to be taking a β-blocker (73 vs 93%, p=0.005) and more likely to have unrevascularized coronary artery disease (32 vs 15%, p=0.06). No other predictor of early mortality was identified. In multivariate analysis, lack of β-blocker use was the only predictor of early mortality (RR 3.6, 95% CI: 1.4–9.3, p=0.007). The 1-year mortality in pts not taking a β-blocker was 43%. Conclusions : In a real world population of pts with an ischemic cardiomyopathy, overall mortality is high in the first year after ICD implantation. Lack of β-blocker use significantly increases the likelihood of early mortality in these pts.
Piriformis Muscle Syndrome

Although the symptoms are essentially the result of sciatic nerve entrapment, because of its peculiar and specific manifestations, this disturbance deserves special consideration. The neuropathy is essentially the result of a spasm (or possibly a localized hyperirritability) of the piriformis muscle, which by its location may result in direct pressure upon the sciatic trunk (Fig. 21). The problem here is that of muscular origin, rather than being the result of a primary neuropathy. The symptoms may very well mimic those of a herniated intervertebral disc, requiring careful differential diagnosis.
Management of Large Cecal Polyps: When Can the Ileocecal Valve Be Spared?

BACKGROUND:Endoscopic mucosal resection comprises the first-line treatment for large cecal polyps. With up to 14% of unresectable colonic polyps harboring malignancy, the management of endoscopically unresectable cecal polyps remains an oncologic right hemicolectomy, which can be associated with sub
Resonant Ultrathin Infrared Detectors Enabling High Quantum Efficiency

We demonstrate thinned resonant longwave infrared detectors with quantum efficiencies of over 60% in the longwave infrared. This improvement over unthinned detectors is made possible by a nanoantenna that confines the incident optical energy in a reduced volume compared to traditional detector architectures.
Near-Field RCS for Automotive Radar Applications

With the growing effort to improve road safety, an accurate characterization of the automotive targets is important. Automotive radar is one of the sensors among others that help detect and identify targets. This paper introduces a method of calculating the radar cross section (RCS) of any arbitrary complex target at near field range; also known as, “near-field RCS” (NF-RCS). In this paper, near-field RCS is calculated not only as a function of range but also as a function of aspect angle. Computational electromagnetic methods are used to calculate the near-field RCS of a metal plate and a vehicle as targets. The use of simulation to calculate near-field RCS improves the design process, reduces testing time and cost.
Definitions and Relevance: Diminished Ovarian Reserve, Poor Ovarian Response, Advanced Reproductive Age, and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency

We have already presented proposed definitions for poor ovarian response (POR) and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR). Here, we describe another definition of ovarian reserve and its clinical relevance. In addition, per some authors, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) may be a continuum of DOR. Hence, definition of POI has been tailored accordingly. These definitions in general reflect heterogeneity in presentation and treatment response of such patients. Advanced reproductive age cutoff per society and registry guidelines is at or above 35 years. The results of ovarian reserve tests may not predict fertility in the general population. This finding underscores the importance of oocyte quality, which can only be confirmed with a live birth outcome. Female age is still the most important biomarker for oocyte quality.
Sinus Venosus Atrial Septal Defect: A Challenging Diagnosis.

Sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SVASD) is a rare adult congenital heart disease which permits shunting of blood from the systemic to the pulmonary circulation and is commonly associated with anomalous pulmonary venous return. We report a case of a 27-year-old man with a history of premature birth and unilateral cryptorchidism who was admitted for syncope. Electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrated atrial fibrillation (AF)and S1Q3T3 pattern along with an incomplete right bundle branch block. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) suggested the presence of right ventricular pressure and volume overload and severe right ventricular and right atrial enlargement. The agitated saline study was negative suggesting no inter-atrial communication. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) demonstrated a superior SVASD and raised the possibility of an anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Chest computed tomography identified the right superior pulmonary vein connection to the superior vena cava. The diagnosis of SVASD poses multiple challenges from the variety of symptoms to the selection of appropriate imaging and the complexity of surgical treatment.
Contact criterion for suspensions of smooth and rough colloids.

We report a procedure to obtain the search distance used to determine particle contact in dense suspensions of smooth and rough colloids. This method works by summing physically relevant length scales in an uncertainty analysis and does not require detailed quantification of the surface roughness. We suspend sterically stabilized, fluorescent poly(methyl methacrylate) colloids in a refractive index-matched solvent, squalene, in order to ensure hard sphere-like behavior. High speed centrifugation is used to pack smooth and rough colloids to their respective jamming points, ϕJ. The jammed suspensions are subsequently diluted with known volumes of solvent to ϕ 0.50) due to an increased number of nearest neighbors in the first coordination shell.
Laparoscopic Versus Robotic Proctectomy Outcomes: An ACS-NSQIP Analysis.

Abstract Background The robotic platform is increasingly used in colorectal surgery. Recent upgrades in the robotic platform and introduction of proctectomy-specific reports from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) warrant updated evaluation of minimally invasive proctectomy outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes in robotic versus laparoscopic proctectomy using ACS-NSQIP data. Materials and methods The ACS-NSQIP data set was used to identify adult patients undergoing elective robotic and laparoscopic proctectomy in 2016 and 2017. Demographics, preoperative and intraoperative data, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Propensity-weighted analysis was used to estimate the effect of robotic versus laparoscopic surgery on outcomes. Results Of 3845 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 2681 (70%) underwent a laparoscopic approach and 1164 (30%) underwent a robotic approach. Patients undergoing a robotic procedure were more likely to be older, have higher American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, low rectal tumors, and have undergone chemotherapy or radiation before surgery. After propensity adjustment, a robotic approach was associated with a decrease in conversion to open operation (estimated mean difference, −6.7%; P Conclusions Using data from a national cohort, we found that compared with laparoscopy, robotic proctectomy is associated with decreased conversion to open operation, longer operation time, decreased length of stay, and decreased postoperative ileus. Our study identified several advantages to a robotic approach; however, further work is needed to assess cost-effectiveness in conjunction with clinical outcomes.
Mother–Daughter Work–Family Role Transmission: Effects on Daughters’ Work and Family Satisfaction:

This study addresses the impact of intergenerational transmission on women’s work–family life. Drawn from the two-generation sample in the Youth Development Study, this study examines the effects o...
Applications of mass spectrometry imaging in the environmental sciences

Abstract Over the last five years, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has made it possible to extract spatially relevant information from numerous types of sample mediums including biofilms, biota, and environmental solids. Newer approaches to MSI including desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma MS have been adapted to imaging, enabling less sample preparation than previous ionization methods and drastically improving the ability to analyze environmental samples. MSI has broadened its scope to accommodate for metabolomic and toxicologic data to be collected in qualitative and quantitative formats. This review dissects numerous MS techniques and newly designed methods for analyzing environmental samples to further apply MS imaging to more diverse environmental sample sets.
Reconciling S-LDSC and LDAK functional enrichment estimates

A recent study proposing a new LDAK method (Speed et al. 2017 Nat Genet) reported that functional enrichments (e.g. coding, conserved, regulatory) estimated by LDAK (largest significant enrichment: 2.51x) were much lower than previous estimates obtained using stratified LD score regression (S-LDSC). To investigate this, we developed a method (S-LDSC+LDAK) that combines our S-LDSC method with annotations constructed from LDAK model weights, and determined that this method produced unbiased estimates both in simulations under the S-LDSC model and in simulations under the LDAK model, unlike existing methods. We applied S-LDSC+LDAK to 16 independent UK Biobank traits, and determined that S-LDSC+LDAK enrichment estimates (largest enrichment: 7.51x) were nearly identical to S-LDSC estimates across 28 main annotations. On the other hand, LDAK enrichment estimates (largest enrichment: 3.96x) were substantially lower than S-LDSC estimates (although the discrepancy was smaller than reported by Speed et al., who did not compare the two methods on the same data set). Our results advocate for using S-LDSC in preference to LDAK to infer functional enrichment and confirm the existence of functional annotations that are highly enriched (>>2.51x) for complex trait heritability, providing strong caveats to the LDAK results reported by Speed et al.
Developing a chip-scale optical clock

We report our in-house R&D efforts of designing and developing key integrated photonic devices and technologies for a chip-scale optical oscillator and/or clock. This would provide precision sources to RF-photonic systems. It could also be the basic building block for a photonic technology to provide positioning, navigation, and timing as well as 5G networks. Recently, optical frequency comb (OFC)-based timing systems have been demonstrated for ultra-precision time transfer. Our goal is to develop a semiconductor-based, integrated photonic chip to reduce the size, weight, and power consumption, and cost of these systems. Our approach is to use a self-referenced interferometric locking circuit to provide short-term stabilization to a micro-resonator-based OFC. For long-term stabilization, we use an epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) metamaterial to design an environment-insensitive cavity/resonator, thereby enabling a chip-scale optical long-holdover clock.
Understanding the effects of language revitalization workshops using long-format speech environment recordings

Long-format speech environment (LFSE) recordings are increasingly used to understand language acquisition among young children (Casillas & Cristia 2019). But in language revitalization, older children are sometimes the largest demographic acquiring a language. In Teotitlan del Valle, Mexico, older children have participated in Zapotec language revitalization workshops since 2017. To better understand how these children use language, and to probe whether the language workshops impact language use, I invited learners to collect LFSE recordings. This study addresses two main questions: (1) what methodological challenges emerge when children ages 6-12 collect LFSE data?; and (2) what do the data suggest about the effects of the Zapotec workshops? I argue that, while creating LFSE recordings with older children presents methodological challenges, the results are useful in highlighting the importance of not only teaching language skills, but of creating spaces where learners are comfortable using the Zapotec language.
A Recipe for Success: Personal Research Network Development and Maintenance for Solo Medical Librarians

Solo librarians in both clinical and academic institutions face growing institutional demands to publish original research in librarianship. Solo health sciences librarians can meet this need by gr...
Limited Reporting of Histopathologic Details in a Multi-Institutional Academic Cohort of Phyllodes Tumors: Time for Standardization.

Phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms that are classified by tiered histopathologic features. While there are protocols for the reporting of cancer specimens, no standardized reporting protocol exists for phyllodes. We performed an 11-institution contemporary review of phyllodes tumors. Granular histopathologic details were recorded, including the features specifically considered for phyllodes grade classification. Of 550 patients, median tumor size was 3.0 cm, 68.9% (n = 379) of tumors were benign, 19.6% (n = 108) were borderline, and 10.5% (n = 58) were malignant. All cases reported the final tumor size and grade classification. Complete pathologic reporting of all histopathologic features was present in 15.3% (n = 84) of cases, while an additional 35.6% (n = 196) were missing only one or two features in the report. Individual details regarding the degree of stromal cellularity was not reported in 53.5% (n = 294) of cases, degree of stromal atypia in 58.0% (n = 319) of cases, presence of stromal overgrowth in 56.2% (n = 309) of cases, stromal cell mitoses in 37.5% (n = 206) of cases, and tumor border in 54.2% (n = 298) of cases. The final margin status (negative vs. positive) was omitted in only 0.9% of cases, and the final negative margin width was specifically reported in 73.8% of cases. Reporting of details was similar across all sites. In this academic cohort of phyllodes tumors, one or more histopathologic features were frequently omitted from the pathology report. While all features were considered by the pathologist for grading, this limited reporting reflects a lack of reporting consensus. We recommend that standardized reporting in the form of a synoptic-style cancer protocol be implemented for phyllodes tumors, similar to other rare tumors.
Chromosomal evolution in Epilobium sect. Epilobium (Onagraceae) , III.

A cytological analysis of 22 experimental interspecific hybrids withinEpilobium sect.Epilobium, involving 15 taxa, has indicated that the generalized western North AmericaE. obcordatum has the BB chromosome arrangement. This strengthens greatly our earlier contention that BB is the original chromosome arrangement in the section. The very distinctive northwestern North AmericanE. luteum, only species in the section with cream-colored petals, has the CC arrangement, like the members ofHaussknecht'sAlpinae. This chromosome arrangement apparently originated in the North Pacific region in plants that were of normal stature. The North AmericanE. leptocarpum, which closely resembles the Japanese endemicE. fauriei and, like it, forms gemmae in the axils of the upper leaves, also resembles it in having the CC chromosome arrangement. The AsianE. platystigmatosum has a novel chromosome arrangement derived from BB, which we here designate the EE arrangement.