cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
2 p F and 4 p F instabilities in the one-dimensional Hubbard model

We continue our study of correlation functions in the one-dimensional Hubbard model with the use of a Monte Carlo technique. This paper focuses on the behavior of two different particle-hole susceptibilities: the on-site charge-density response function and the nearest-neighbor charge-transfer response function. Although their behavior is predicted to be similar within weak-coupling renormalization-group theory, we find different behavior with our nonperturbative technique. In particular, the charge-transfer susceptibility shows structure at $2{p}_{F}$ for large Coulomb interactions due to spin-Peierls fluctuations, which is absent in the on-site charge-density response. We also study the effect of varying band filling, by comparing results for the $\frac{1}{4}$- filled band ($\ensuremath{\rho}=0.5$) case and the cases $\ensuremath{\rho}=0.61$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}=1$. We find, for example, that it is possible to have structure in the response function at wave vectors that are not simply related to the Fermi wave vector. We discuss the implications of our results to the interpretation of experimental results in various quasi-one-dimensional charge-transfer compounds.
Multiplexing studies of effects of rapid atrial pacing on the area of slow conduction during atrial flutter in canine pericarditis model

BACKGROUNDWe report that rapid atrial pacing interrupts atrial flutter when the orthodromic wave front from the pacing impulse is blocked in an area of slow conduction in the reentry circuit. To characterize the area of slow conduction during atrial flutter and rapid pacing, we studied 11 episodes of induced atrial flutter, mean cycle length 157 +/- 20 msec, in eight dogs with sterile pericarditis.METHODS AND RESULTSAtrial electrograms were recorded simultaneously from 95 pairs of right atrial electrodes during the interruption of atrial flutter by rapid atrial pacing, mean cycle length 139 +/- 21 msec. Areas of slow conduction during atrial flutter were demonstrated at one to three sites in the reentry circuit. After rapid pacing captured the reentry circuit, one area of slow conduction either disappeared (10 episodes) or the degree of slow conduction in an area of slow conduction decreased (one episode). Both changes were in association with activation of the region by a wave front from the pacing impul...
Fibrous nodules found at large-core needle biopsy of the breast: imaging features.

PURPOSE: To describe the imaging and histologic features of large-core needle biopsy (LCNB) specimens of fibrous nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 853 breast masses in which LCNB was performed, 38 (4%) revealed histologic findings of fibrous nodules. Repeat biopsy was performed in 16 lesions (surgical excision, 13 lesions; repeat LCNB, three lesions). The mammographic and ultrasonographic findings in these 16 cases, the histologic LCNB findings, and the repeat biopsy findings were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Repeat biopsy findings confirmed the diagnosis of fibrous nodules in 15 of the 16 masses. In one mass, repeat LCNB findings showed a fibroadenoma. The imaging features of the fibrous nodules varied. Five nodules (33%) manifested as masses with indistinct margins; six (40%), as circumscribed masses. In four cases (27%), imaging suggested malignancy. None were calcified masses. An additional 22 masses had circumscribed or indistinct borders and were diagnosed with LCNB as fibrous nodules. None o...
Regulation of NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation by exogenous nitric oxide (NO) donors in TNF-α activated vascular endothelial cells

Nitric oxide (NO) is a unique mediator which may promote or suppress inflammation. In this study, we examine the effect of exogenous NO on nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) in quiescent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) subsequently activated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and in HUVECs previously activated by TNF-alpha, a model of vascular inflammation. Quiescent and activated HUVECs are exposed to exogenous NO donors of varying half-lives and the degree of NF-kappaB translocation into the nucleus determined by unique application of immunofluorescence image analysis in whole cells and correlative biochemical analysis of activated NF-kappaB proteins in the nucleus. NO donors with shorter half-lives are more effective in blocking the activation and translocation of NF-kappaB, when added to quiescent HUVECs prior to cellular activation by TNF-alpha. However, in previously activated HUVECs where NF-kappaB had relocated into the cytoplasm, addition of short half-life NO donors, but not TNF-alpha, induced re-translocation of NF-kappaB back into the nucleus sustaining the inflamed cell phenotype. These data suggest that NO as an inhibitor or activator of NF-kappaB may depend on the state of activation of vascular endothelial cells in which it contacts. Additionally, in activated cells, NO may modulate expression of NF-kappaB-dependent gene products, when cytokines are ineffective.
Positive hole pressures and negative exit pressures generated by molten polyethylene flowing through a slit die

A new slit die rheometer has been constructed to measure elastic and viscous properties of molten polymers at low shear rates. The wall shear stress σ and the extrapolated exit pressurePx are determined by means of two pressure transducers mounted flush with a die wall. The hole pressureP* is obtained from one of the flush-mounted transducers and a third transducer mounted in a transverse slot opposite the flush-mounted transducer. The wall shear rate\(\dot s\) is obtained from a metering pump. Electrical heaters give melt temperatures that are uniform to within ±0.1 °C at 150°C. For two low-density polyethylene samples of Melt Index 2 and 50, at shear rates in the range 0.1 to 8 s−1, it is found that (a) viscosity values agree with those obtained using two Weissenberg Rheogoniometers (WRGs); (b) hole pressure data agree with the predictions of the “HPB” transverse-slot equationN1 = 2σdP*/dσ when WRG data are used for the first normal stress differenceN1; and (c) exit pressures are large and negative, in marked disagreement with certain published equations relatingPx,N1 andσ. An error analysis shows thatPx values can contain significant negative contributions arising from the pressure dependence of viscosity, even at low shear rates. As a means for in-line measurement of melt elasticity at low shear rates, the results favor the use of the hole pressure, but raise serious questions about the use of the exit pressure.
Hydrodesulfurization and ring contraction of sulfur heterocycles by nickel(0) complexes

Abstract Sulfur heterocycles, such as dibenzothiophene, phenoxathiin and phenothiazine, have been shown to undergo desulfurization with soluble, nickel(0)-derived reagents in either of two ways: (1) simple ring contraction; or (2) complete substitution of hydrogen for the sulfur. Thus, when treated with two equivalents of a 1:1 mixture of bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) and 2,2′-bipyridyl, phenoxathiin yields dibenzofuran. If, however, one equivalent of LiAlH4 is employed with the two equivalents of (COD)2Ni and 2,2′-bipyridyl, this heterocycle gives a high yield of diphenyl ether.
String breaking in four dimensional lattice QCD

Virtual quark pair screening leads to breaking of the string between fundamental representation quarks in QCD. For unquenched four dimensional lattice QCD, this (so far elusive) phenomenon is studied using the recently developed truncated determinant algorithm (TDA). The dynamical configurations were generated on a 650 MHz PC. Quark eigenmodes up to 420 MeV are included exactly in these TDA studies performed at low quark mass on large coarse [but O(a{sup 2}) improved] lattices. A study of Wilson line correlators in Coulomb gauge extracted from an ensemble of 1000 two-flavor dynamical configurations reveals evidence for flattening of the string tension at distances R{approx}>1 fm.
Nickel and cobalt bimetallic hydroxide catalysts for urea electro-oxidation

Abstract Nickel–Cobalt bimetallic hydroxide electrocatalysts, synthesized through a one-step electrodeposition method, were evaluated for the oxidation of urea in alkaline conditions with the intention of reducing the oxidation overpotential for this reaction. The Nickel–Cobalt bimetallic hydroxide catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and polarization techniques. A significant reduction in the overpotential (150 mV) of the reaction was observed with the Nickel–Cobalt bimetallic hydroxide electrode (ca. 43% Co content) when compared to a nickel hydroxide electrode. The decrease of the urea oxidation potential on the Nickel–Cobalt bimetallic hydroxide electrodes reveals great potential for future applications of urea electro-oxidation, including wastewater remediation, hydrogen production, sensors, and fuel cells.
Density functional theory studies of reaction mechanisms for titanium alkylamide incorporation onto functionalized aromatic self-assembled monolayers

We have studied the reaction kinetics of the initial layer deposition of titanium-based alkylamide organometallic precursors on aromatic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) possessing different terminal groups. Using density functional theory and Moller–Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory, we found the initial reaction rate constant for deposition to decrease in the order: OH > SH > NH2, similar to results we found previously for alkyl SAMs. Aromatic amine- and hydroxyl-terminated SAMs were kinetically and thermodynamically slightly more favorable than alkyl counterparts, with a very small (2 kcal mol−1) reduction in activation barrier. In contrast, the reactivity of thiol-terminated aromatic ligands was similar to corresponding alkyl SAMs due to the thiol group's small electronegativity. Branching on the surface functional group reduced the kinetic favorability of both aromatic and alkyl amine-terminated SAMs. Fluorine substitution in the aromatic backbone of amine-terminated SAMs is kinetically and thermodynamically much more favorable than corresponding unsubstituted aromatic SAMs and fluoryl-substituted alkyl SAMs. Investigation of the kinetics of several competing side unimolecular decomposition reactions led to the discovery of new kinetically favorable pathways that are competitive with transamination at temperatures as low as 250 K and which lead to a Ti : N ratio of 1 : 3 in agreement with experiments by Dube et al. (A. Dube, A. R. Chadeayne, M. Sharma, P. T. Wolczanski and J. R. Engstrom, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005, 127, 14299–14309). Significant enhancement in kinetic favorability was shown to result from the steric hindrance of large groups.
Inadvertent Rain Modification as Indicated by Surface Raincells

Abstract Rainfall data from a large dense network are being used to study inadvertent rainfall modification in the St. Louis area. Surface raincells are delineated and then analyzed to determine the character of any urban-induced changes in precipitation. Results for comparisons of 605 potential effect cells and 870 non-effect cells from the summer of 1971–72 provide strong evidence that cell characteristics have been sizeably altered by the local urban-industrial environment. For cells occurring in the urban-industrial zone of St. Louis, the average rainfall volume was 176% greater than for cells in the control sample. For cells occurring in the separate industrial region of Wood River, the average volume was 262% greater than the cells in the control sample. The results show that the primary change in St. Louis cells is total rain area, and this and other results suggest that this relates to dynamic effects induced by the urban heat island. The primary change in Wood River cells is in rain intensity, an...
Overproducing araC protein with lambda-arabinose transducing phage.

Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage lambda-arabinose transducing phage were tested as sources of araC protein. Infection of cells with such phage produces an intracellular concentration of araC protein up to 100 times that present in wild-type E. coli, apparently resulting from fusion of the araC gene to bacteriophage lambda promoters. Lysates from these phage-infected cells may be fractionated to yield another 100-fold enrichment in araC activity so that the total enrichment is 10,000-fold. A nonsense mutation in araC provided proof of the identification on gel electrophoresis of a band in the purified material. Biologically active araC protein is a dimer with 28,000 M.W. subunits. The araC gene in these phage replaces the int-xis genes but is oriented in the opposite direction. Nonetheless, it appears to be transcribed in this position by the phage promoter pr via transcription the long way around. Furthermore, because araC gene is in this position, we were able to isolate phage on which the araC gene was under phage late gene control by deletion of the late gene transcription stop signals in the b2 region.
Diabetes and the Chronic Care Model: A Review

There is a significant gap between evidence-based diabetes care and actual care delivery. The Chronic Care Model (CCM) was developed to bridge this gap and translate scientific knowledge directly to the care of patients. The CCM is a primary care based framework that identifies the essential elements of high quality chronic disease care. It includes attention to self-management support, delivery system design, decision support, information technology, community linkages, and the health care organization as a whole. This review will describe these elements and provide evidence for their use in improving diabetes care. Evidence for the CCM as a whole will also be presented.
A High Sensitivity Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor

In the current investigation, the piezoresistive effect in a van der Pauw (VDP) stress sensor subjected to biaxial stress was considered. The VDP resistance equations were combined with the silicon piezoresistivity equations to yield relations for the change in resistance of a VDP sensor in terms of the applied state of stress. Then the sensitivity of the VDP sensor to biaxial stress was determined analytically and simulated numerically. The biaxial stress states considered were those for a circular diaphragm under pressure. The numerical calculations involved the use of anisotropic conduction based simulations, implemented in MATLAB using the finite difference technique. The VDP sensitivities to biaxial stress were compared to the sensitivity for the conventional piezoresistive stress sensor. It is observed that the theoretical (based on analytical and numerical results)pressure sensitivity of the new VDP sensor is about three times greater than the conventional counterpart. Analysis was performed for both p-type and n-type Silicon. It is determined that the angle of the VDP sensor with respect to the Silicon crystallographic axes can and should be optimized, depending on Silicon dopant, and the optimum orientation angles are determined.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Continents, Cultures, Curriculum Some Thoughts on the Future of the Profession

This article poses questions of relevance concerning preparing professionals for the future. The need to find ways to maximize the “pieces of knowledge” brought by the multicultural and multination...
Factors leading to shorter survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients ages 65 to 75 years compared with younger patients.

Abstract Although the number of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has steadily increased and these patients are known to have a higher early subsequent mortality than younger patients, the reasons for this adverse prognosis are poorly understood. We compared the clinical courses of 217 patients, ages 65 to 75 years, with 631 patients younger than 65 years of age enrolled in the Multicenter Investigation of the Limitation of Infarct Size (MILIS). The older group had a higher prevalence of adverse baseline risk factors, including history of congestive heart failure (14 vs 7%, p Despite having a smaller infarct size index than younger patients (15 ± 1 vs 18 ± 1 CK-MB g-Eq/ m 2 , p Adjustment for 7 adverse baseline characteristics in the elderly could account for their increased in-hospital mortality. However, these and 12 additional in-hospital characteristics did not account for the increased 1- and 4-year mortalities of the elderly hospital survivors, which are presumably affected by variables not included in the present age associated study.
On the role of pharmacokinetics in integrating results from In vivo and In vitro studies

Abstract Our knowledge of the biological effects of foreign compounds has been developed from many different kinds of studies. In vitro studies are usually designed to evaluate the plausibility of hypothetical events by which the foreign compound may cause a response. Because in vitro studies are designed to evaluate individual mechanisms and events, however, no single in vitro study can provide all the information needed to understand fully the mechanisms of all responses caused by a drug and the in vivo factors that may modulate them. For example, one set of studies in vitro may provide an understanding of the enzymes that metabolize the biologically active foreign compound in various organs and ideally provide estimates of the intrinsic clearances of the enzymes in the organs. Another set of in vitro studies may provide information about the kinetics of the action of various biologically active substances, including perhaps metabolites of the parent foreign compound, on potential receptor sites in various organs. Neither set of studies by themselves, however, provides assurance that the concentrations required to evoke the response in vitro are actually attainable in vivo . Pharmacokinetic studies in vitro thus provide the necessary link between the two types of in vitro experiment. This paper discusses the two pharmacokinetic approaches currently being used, and illustrates the strength and weakness of each. It also discusses the ways in which in vitro studies clarify some of the uncertainties that may arise in the application of the pharmacokinetic approaches. Further, it suggests some possible mechanisms of action of drugs that may result in delayed responses.
Analysis of serial growth data

Human growth has been described qualitatively by several different mathematical formulations that have concentrated on the form of the central tendency and have largely neglected analysis of any short duration components of the experimental observations. The present work presents a mathematical model of human growth that aims to describe both the fluctuations of short duration as well as the central tendency as a series of discrete growth episodes. This Saltatory Model of growth provides a better quantitative description of human growth than the more traditional models and suggests that human growth is not a smooth continuous process, but is a series of intermittent, nonperiodic saltations. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Progressive outer retinal necrosis and acute retinal necrosis in fellow eyes of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Abstract PURPOSE: To describe an unusual concurrence of acute retinal necrosis and progressive outer retinal necrosis in fellow eyes of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). METHODS: Interventional case report. In a 37-year-old man with AIDS and herpes zoster keratitis in the right eye, progressive outer retinal necrosis developed in the right eye and acute retinal necrosis developed in the left eye. RESULTS: Disparate presentations of retinitis persisted in each eye, and retinal detachment and vision loss ensued in both eyes despite antiviral therapy. CONCLUSION: Distinct features of acute retinal necrosis and progressive outer retinal necrosis do not necessarily reflect systemic factors, and they may be variant manifestations of the same underlying infection.
Strategic debt restructuring

We analyze a distressed firm indebted to many creditors. The firm's owners have the option of choosing the sequence of restructuring negotiations with the creditors. We show that sequencing flexibility is beneficial to firm owners, and that the optimal sequencing of restructuring negotiations involves exploiting the firm's liabilities to some creditors so as to moderate the demands of others. Moderately distressed firms will eschew renegotiations with creditors in strong bargaining positions. Severely distressed firms will extract concessions from all creditors. In this case, owners can gain if they can credibly commit to conditional restructuring agreements that link the concessions of one creditor to concessions by others.
Lexical representation of phonological variation in spoken word recognition

There have been a number of mechanisms proposed to account for recognition of phonological variation in spoken language. Five of these mechanisms were considered here, including underspecification, inference, feature parsing, tolerance, and a frequency-based representational account. A corpus analysis and five experiments using the nasal flap (found in a production of gentle in American English) both in isolation and in biasing sentential context failed to fully support any of these accounts. The results support a strong phonological representation for the [nt] form and a gradient strength representation in the lexicon for the nasal flap that is influenced by production frequency. The results are discussed in terms of orthographic and phonological experience with word forms in the formation of lexical representations.
Effects of Color and Larval-produced Oviposition Attractants on Oviposition of Aedes triseriatus

Color of oviposition site influences egg deposition by Aedes triseriatus (Say), and can interfere in experiments designed to demonstrate selection of sites containing larval-produced oviposition pheromones. Gravid females exhibit a marked preference for dark-colored oviposition sites. Selection by females of larval holding water ( LHW ) over distilled water increased as the color of the oviposition containers became lighter. Paired tests in amber containers resulted in 66% of the eggs being laid on LHW , while 34% was placed on distilled water. Much lower total oviposition occurred at green or colorless oviposition sites, but very high selectivity due to the presence of larval-produced chemicals was observed, with an avg. 96% of the oviposition occurring at green LHW sites and 98% at colorless LHW sites. Paired t -tests indicated a highly significant difference between numbers of eggs placed on LHW and distilled water substrates in all tests.
The New Imperial Economy: The British Army and the American Frontier, 1764–l768 . By Walter S. Dunn, Jr. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2001. Pp. viii, 208. $62.50.

Retired public historian Walter Dunn has given us a good, old-fashioned narrative economic history that describes the importance of the frontier during â€œa crucial time in American history filled with turmoil that ruptured a once amicable relationship between the thirteen colonies and Great Britainâ€ (p. 1). Dunn is no econometrician, but his work shows a solid understanding of neoclassical economic principles. His writing is sharp and clear, if generally unexciting due to the overwhelming number of detailed examples that he often supplies.
Azimuthal offset-dependent attributes applied to fracture detection in a carbonate reservoir

Offset‐dependent attributes—amplitude versus offset (AVO) and frequency versus offset—are extracted from 2‐D P‐wave seismic data using the multiple signal classification technique. These attributes are used to detect fracture orientation in a carbonate reservoir located in the Maporal field in the Barinas basin of southwestern Venezuela. In the fracture normal direction, P‐wave reflectivity is characterized by a large increase of amplitude with offset (large positive AVO gradient) and a large decrease of frequency with offset (large negative frequency versus offset gradient). In the fracture strike direction, P‐wave reflectivity shows a scattered variation in AVO but a small variation in frequency with offset. Our results also show that the reservoir heterogeneity can lead to large variations of AVO signatures and that using azimuthal offset‐dependent frequency attributes can help lessen the ambiguity when detecting fracture orientation.
ANTIGENIC MODULATION IN VITRO I. Fate of Thymus-Leukemia (TL) Antigen-Antibody Complexes Following Modulation of TL Antigenicity from the Surfaces of Mouse Leukemia Cells and Thymocytes

The modulation or loss of thymus-leukemia (TL) antigenicity from the surfaces of mouse RADA1 leukemia cells and normal thymocytes during incubation with TL antibody in vitro at 37°C was investigated by cytotoxicity, immunofluorescence, and immunoelectron microscopy. The fate of bivalent and monovalent antibody during modulation was visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Considerable antibody remained bound to the cell surface after modulation, bivalent antibody being displaced topographically into "patches" and "caps" while monovalent antibody was only slightly aggregated on the cell surface. Some antibody was internalized, presumably by pinocytosis, and was sequestered into the Golgi region of the cell. Capping usually occurred over the pole of the cell opposite from the Golgi region, which may explain the lack of extensive pinocytosis of modulating bivalent antibody. Since modulation with monovalent antibody occurs without patch or cap formation, gross topographical redistribution of TL antigen-antibody complexes is not required for modulation, although more subtle displacement of these complexes may be involved. Modulation was demonstrable by cytotoxicity with guinea pig C' but not with absorbed rabbit C', indicating that modulated TL antigens remain bound to the cell surface. A heat-labile factor in TL antiserum and in mouse serum in general is responsible for "blocking" the cytolytic interaction of guinea pig C' with modulated TL antigen-antibody complexes.
Gaia Rising A Jungian Look at Environmental Consciousness and Sustainable Organizations

A review of the environmental literature reveals the existence of a widespread and deeply felt concern for the environment. Unfortunately, this concern has not yet created enough proenvironmental b...
Estimation of tissue construction cost from heat of combustion and organic nitrogen content

We present a method for estimating the construction costs of plant tissues from measurements of heat of combustion, ash content, and organic nitrogen content. The method predicts glucose equivalents, the amount of glucose required to provide carbon skeletons and reductant to synthesize a quantity of organic product. Glucose equivalents have previously been calculated from the elemental composition of tissue. We define construction cost as the amount of glucose required to provide carbon skeletons, reductant and ATP for synthesizing the organic compounds in a tissue via standard biochemical pathways. The fraction of the total construction cost of a compound or tissue (excluding costs of transporting compounds) that is reflected in its glucose equivalents is the biosynthetic efficiency (EB). This quantity varies between 0.84 and 0.95 for tissues with a wide range of compositions. Using the new method, total construction cost can be estimated to p 6% of the value obtained from biochemical pathway analysis. Construction costs of leaves of three chaparral species were estimated using the proposed method and compared to previously published values, derived using different methods. Agreement among methods was generally good. Differences were probably due to a combination of inaccuracy in the estimated biosynthetic efficiency and technical difficulties with biochemical analysis, one of the older methods of determining construction cost.
Distribution-Free Testing Lower Bounds for Basic Boolean Functions

In the distribution-freeproperty testing model, the distance between functions is measured with respect to an arbitrary and unknown probability distribution $\mathcal{D}$ over the input domain. We consider distribution-free testing of several basic Boolean function classes over {0,1}n, namely monotone conjunctions, general conjunctions, decision lists, and linear threshold functions. We prove that for each of these function classes, i¾?((n/logn)1/5) oracle calls are required for any distribution-free testing algorithm. Since each of these function classes is known to be distribution-free properly learnable (and hence testable) using i¾?(n) oracle calls, our lower bounds are within a polynomial factor of the best possible.
Observer Bias: A Methodological Consideration in Special Education Research

The authors review the impact of research hypotheses and subject characteristics on the validity of observations. The research published over a 2-year span in 4 special education journals is then reviewed to ascertain the extent to which observer bias is a problem in special education research. It was found that about half of the research articles ran substantial risk of biased observation; in about three-fourths of these articles, no precautions were taken by the researchers to safeguard the validity of their observations.
The occurrence of E s and F 2 skip in the 30-50 Mc mobile band

The purpose of this project was to use silicon transistors in place of vacuum tubes in all sections following the mixer stage of a military type communication receiver. The hybrid receiver built, while keeping the desirable characteristics of the vacuum tube receiver also provided for an increase of audio power and a reduction of battery power drain.
Cinnamic acid derivatives as matrices for ultraviolet laser desorption mass spectrometry of proteins.

The paper reports the discovery of three new matrices for the matrix-assisted laser desorption of proteins. These new matrices (sinapic, ferulic and caffeic acids) are cinnamic acid derivatives that have several pratical advantages over the nicotinic acid matrices previously used. These materials form much less intense photochemically generated adduct peaks in the protein quasimolecular ion signal and the adduct peaks that are present are easier to resolve. These new matrices are produce intense protonated-molecule ions from all of the proteins (over 50) so far examined. These new matrices are also very stable in a vacuum, allowing for their convenient use in very high vacuum applications (e.g., Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry).
A community-based urban forest inventory using online mapping services and consumer-grade digital images.

Abstract Community involvement in gathering and submitting spatially referenced data via web mapping applications has recently been gaining momentum. Urban forest inventory data analyzed by programs such as the i-Tree ECO inventory method is a good candidate for such an approach. In this research, we tested the feasibility of using spatially referenced data gathered and submitted by non-professional individuals through a web application to augment urban forest inventory data. We examined the use of close range photogrammetry solutions of images taken by consumer-grade cameras to extract quantitative metric information such as crown diameter, tree heights and trunk diameters. Several tests were performed to evaluate the accuracy of the photogrammetric solutions and to examine their use in addition to existing aerial image data to supplement or partially substitute for standard i-Tree ECO field measurements. Digital images of three sample sites were acquired using different consumer-grade cameras. Several photogrammetric solutions were performed using the acquired image sets. Each model was carried out using a relative orientation process followed by baseline model scaling. Several distances obtained through this solution were compared to the corresponding distances obtained through direct measurements in order to assess the quality of the model scaling approach. Measured i-Tree ECO field plot inventory data, online aerial image measurements and photogrammetric observations were compared. The results demonstrate the potential for using aerial image digitizing in addition to ground images to assist in participatory urban forest inventory efforts.
Robust spectral analysis of videocapsule images acquired from celiac disease patients

Dominant frequency (DF) analysis of videocapsule endoscopy images is a new method to detect small intestinal periodicities that may result from mechanical rhythms such as peristalsis. Longer periodicity is related to greater image texture at areas of villous atrophy in celiac disease. However, extraneous features and spatiotemporal phase shift may mask DF rhythms. The robustness of Fourier and ensemble averaging spectral analysis to compute DF was tested. Videocapsule images from the distal duodenum of 11 celiac patients (frame rate 2/s and pixel resolution 576 × 576) were analyzed. For patients 1, 2, ... 11, respectively, a total of 10, 11, ..., 20 sequential images were extracted from a randomly selected time epoch. Each image sequence was artificially repeated to 200 frames, simulating periodicities of 0.2, 0.18, ..., 0.1Hz, respectively. Random white noise at four different levels, spatiotemporal phase shift, and frames with air bubbles were added. Power spectra were constructed pixel-wise over 200 frames, and an average spectrum was computed from the 576 × 576 individual spectra. The largest spectral peak in the average spectrum was the estimated DF. Error was defined as the absolute difference between actual DF and estimated DF. For Fourier analysis, the mean absolute error between estimated and actual DF was 0.032 ± 0.052Hz. Error increased with greater degree of random noise imposed. In contrast, all ensemble average estimates precisely predicted the simulated DF. The ensemble average DF estimate of videocapsule images with simulated periodicity is robust to noise and spatiotemporal phase shift as compared with Fourier analysis. Accurate estimation of DF eliminates the need to impose complex masking, extraction, and/or corrective preprocessing measures.
Self Checking in Current Floating-Point Units

High performance microprocessors are protected against transient and early end of life failures using a variety of error detection and fault isolation technologies. Execution units can be protected with duplication, parity prediction, or residue checking. Residue checking has an advantage due to its small size. A modulus is selected based on the radix of the numbers being checked. In a decimal floating-point unit there are two types of numbers in different bases. There are base 10 decimal numbers and base 2 integers being used. A residue checking system that makes it easy to check both base 2 and 10 numbers is discussed. Current state of the art designs that are currently in use are described as well as a novel hybrid moduli 9 and 3 residue system. The checking systems for the decimal and binary floating-point units of some recent IBM microprocessors including the Power6, Power7, z10, and z196 microprocessors are detailed.
Electronic effect of Pd-transition metal bimetallic surfaces toward formic acid electrochemical oxidation

Abstract Pd films of about 4.5 ± 0.5 nm were deposited on different transition metals (M = Co, Cu, Ag, and Au) by vapor deposition, and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), cyclic voltammetric (CV), and chronoamperometric (CA) tests. The Tafel method was used to determine the rate constant parameters, k 0 . The d-band center of the Pd–M samples exhibits a shift away from the Fermi level in the increasing order of Pd–Co, –Cu, –Ag, and –Au films compared to that of the bulk Pd film. As the position of the d-band center downshifts to a critical value, a weaker bond between Pd and formate (HCOO) is expected for the formic acid oxidation resulting in an improved electrochemical activity of the Pd surface for the Pd–Co and –Cu bimetallic films. As a critical value of the d-band center is reached formate is more difficult to adsorb on the Pd surface and its electrochemical activity toward formic acid oxidation decreases (e.g., Pd–Ag and –Au bimetallic films). Among the layered Pd–M films, the Pd–Cu shows the highest electrochemical activity toward the formic acid oxidation, which indicates that it has the optimum Pd–HCOO bond strength.
Water and urbanization

Forecasting human water needs into the future is an extremely important goal, especially for urban areas with large populations. Padowski and Gorelick (2014 Eniron. Res. Lett. 9 104004) suggest that population growth along with ecosystem service needs and agricultural usage makes many cities vulnerable to water shortages. This work provides new information suggesting that even without taking into account changes brought about by climatic or water quality stresses, a large number of urban areas around the world may need to rethink their water supply situations. This work has very important policy implications.
Noncontact Rotational Head Injury Produces Transient Cognitive Deficits but Lasting Neuropathological Changes.

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) caused by improvised explosive devices (IEDs) is a growing problem in military settings, but modeling this disease in rodents to pre-clinically evaluate potential therapeutics has been challenging because of inconsistency between models. Although the effects of primary blast wave injury have been extensively studied, little is known regarding the effects of noncontact rotational TBIs independent of the blast wave. To model this type of injury, we generated an air cannon system that does not produce a blast wave, but generates enough air pressure to cause rotational TBI. Mice exposed to this type of injury showed deficits in cognitive and motor task acquisition within 1–2 weeks post-injury, but mice tested 7–8 weeks post-injury did not retain any deficits. This suggests that the effects of a single, noncontact rotational TBI are not long lasting. Despite the transient nature of the behavioral deficits, increased levels of phosphorylated tau were observed at 2 and 8 wee...
Part of the Family: Age, Identity, and Burial in Copper Age Iberia

Recent work has called attention to the significant numbers of subadults recovered from Late Prehistoric burial contexts in western Iberia. However, subadult burials are also documented at some of the well-known, large-scale Copper Age centers of southeastern Spain, where adults and subadults are represented in both commingled and individual inhumations. The importance of the inclusion and mortuary treatment of subadults at such centers of social and economic activity has yet to be sufficiently explored. Here, I discuss the implications of the presence of subadults for the formation and representation of community identity, with particular emphasis on the case of Marroquies Bajos. At this site, salvage excavations have yielded evidence of five concentric ditches and one adobe wall that encompass an area of approximately 113 ha, making it one of the largest “matrix villages” of the Iberian Copper Age. Marroquies Bajos is also a particularly relevant case because subadults occur in formally and spatially distinct funerary contexts. Their remains appear in mortuary structures housing only fragmentary and commingled remains, in mortuary structures housing discrete primary and secondary interments, and in a large, commingled interment in an artificial cave. The significance of subadult burials at Marroquies Bajos is explored relative to theoretical interpretations of childhood in prehistory, in particular relative to ethnographically and archaeologically documented rites of passage.
Kidney aldose reductase gene transcription is osmotically regulated

Cells generally adapt to long-term hypertonic stress by accumulating organic osmolytes. PAP-HT25 renal medullary cells in hypertonic medium accumulate sorbitol through a reaction catalyzed by aldose reductase and betaine through osmotically regulated transport. Hypertonicity increases aldose reductase protein synthesis rate by elevating its mRNA abundance. To test whether the rise in aldose reductase mRNA is due to enhanced transcription, PAP-HT25 cells adapted to isotonic medium were switched to hypertonic medium, and transcription rate was measured by nuclear run-on. Aldose reductase transcription rate peaked at 17-fold the isotonic level after 12 h of hypertonicity. Then, transcription fell as sorbitol and betaine accumulated. Transcription stabilized at fivefold the isotonic level within days. Aldose reductase mRNA stability was not significantly different between the hypertonic and isotonic steady states. Thus aldose reductase mRNA is osmotically regulated through changes in its transcription. The osmotically induced rise in aldose reductase transcription is blunted by the accumulation of intracellular betaine and is exaggerated and prolonged by preventing the accumulation of both sorbitol (by aldose reductase inhibition) and betaine (by removal from the medium). This study presents the first description of osmoregulated gene transcription in animal cells.
Relational Turning Points

Turning points are moments of major change or transformation in a relationship with respect to some feature, generally commitment. Researchers have examined types of turning points, the valence of turning points, trajectories that link turning points into patterned change, partner agreement on turning point identification, and subsequent communication about turning point events. Turning points have been studied in a variety of relationship types, including romantic pairs, friendships, ex-spouses, and stepfamilies, among others. Keywords: family communication; interpersonal communication; relational communication
EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON THE ELECTRIC KNIFE FISH, EIGENMANNIA VIRESCENS.

SummaryStudies with the electric transparent knife fish, E. virescens, have been extended to include observations on methylphenidate, pentylenetetrazole, phenobarbital, morphine, and nalorphine. Characteristic qualitative and quantitative responses were obtained with methylphenidate, phenobarbital, and morphine. Pentylenetetrazole produced no consistent effects. Nalorphine reversed the depressant effects of a preceding dose of morphine. The data suggested that the fish developed tolerance to morphine as well as physical dependence on this drug. The system studied appeared to be suitable as a bioassay technique. The observed drug effects were obtained with concentrations approximately the same as those which have effects in man.
Metastatic small cell tumor of bone with 'true' rosettes and glial fibrillary acidic protein positivity.

A 15-year-old black girl was admitted to St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital with a lytic lesion involving the right fourth metacarpal bone with a solitary metastasis to the ipsilateral axillary lymph node. Histologic examination of both the primary lesion and metastasis revealed a primitive small round cell lesion. Abundant rosettes with central lumina were present in the metastasis. Immunohistochemical stains performed on sections of the metastasis were strongly positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and negative for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S-100 protein, and Leu-7. Electron microscopic examination of the metastasis revealed lumen formation with apical microvilli and juxtaluminal junctional complexes. This tumor exhibits features that are suggestive, but not definitive, of primitive ependymal differentiation and further expands the morphologic and immunophenotypic range of small round cell tumors of bone.
Late Onset Cobalamin C Disease: A Case Report of an Adolescent Presenting with Peripheral Neuropathy (P03.189)

Objective: To describe a case of late onset Cobalamin C disease presenting with peripheral neuropathy. Background Cobalamin C disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder due to defective intracellular cobalamin metabolism. Clinical symptoms can include neurological complaints, psychiatric disturbances, and thromboembolic complications. Late onset forms of Cobalamin C disease are difficult to diagnose because they are usually lacking indicative hematological signs. There are only a few cases reported on the late onset presentation of Cobalamin C disease, and a dearth in cases describing its detailed electrophysiological findings. Design/Methods: We report on the clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological, and radiological findings of a 17 year old male who presented with bilateral lower extremity weakness, and was eventually diagnosed with methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria Cobalamin C type. Results: Initial neurological examination was notable for the motor examination revealing distal greater than proximal muscle weakness in patient9s bilateral lower extremities, and reflex examination revealing generalized hyperreflexia except for diminished reflexes at the left ankle, with bilateral extensor plantar responses. Additionally, patient appeared to have impairment in all sensory modalities in his distal lower extremities. Although initial laboratory values revealed a vitamin B-12 level of 908 pg/ml, diagnosis was still made with urine and plasma biomarkers which revealed an MMA level of 1980.1 mmol/mol cr, homocysteine level of 163.1 nanomol/ml, and a methionine level of 4 micromol/lit. Diagnosis was confirmed with genetic analysis showing a homozygous mutation for c.482G>A. Furthermore, nerve conduction studies revealed a sensory motor axonal neuropathy with a proximal to distal gradient. Lastly, MRI brain was notable for increased FLAIR signal within the bilateral frontal white matter. Conclusions: The clinical presentation of neurological complaints, psychiatric disturbances, and/or thromboembolic complications should prompt the evaluation of late onset Cobalamin C disease even in the presence of initially normal hematological values, given the potentially treatable nature of the disease. Disclosure: Dr. Bashir has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sharma has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gualberto has nothing to disclose. Dr. Carrasquillo has nothing to disclose.
Wireless Communication in Data Centers: A Survey

Data centers (DCs) is becoming increasingly an integral part of the computing infrastructures of most enterprises. Therefore, the concept of DC networks (DCNs) is receiving an increased attention in the network research community. Most DCNs deployed today can be classified as wired DCNs as copper and optical fiber cables are used for intra- and inter-rack connections in the network. Despite recent advances, wired DCNs face two inevitable problems; cabling complexity and hotspots . To address these problems, recent research works suggest the incorporation of wireless communication technology into DCNs. Wireless links can be used to either augment conventional wired DCNs, or to realize a pure wireless DCN. As the design spectrum of DCs broadens, so does the need for a clear classification to differentiate various design options. In this paper, we analyze the free space optical (FSO) communication and the 60 GHz radio frequency (RF), the two key candidate technologies for implementing wireless links in DCNs. We present a generic classification scheme that can be used to classify current and future DCNs based on the communication technology used in the network. The proposed classification is then used to review and summarize major research in this area. We also discuss open questions and future research directions in the area of wireless DCs.