cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A review of oscillating water columns

This paper considers the history of oscillating water column (OWC) systems from whistling buoys to grid-connected power generation systems. The power conversion from the wave resource through to electricity via pneumatic and shaft power is discussed in general terms and with specific reference to Voith Hydro Wavegen's land installed marine energy transformer (LIMPET) plant on the Scottish island of Islay and OWC breakwater systems. A report on the progress of other OWC systems and power take-off units under commercial development is given, and the particular challenges faced by OWC developers reviewed.
Next Generation Optical Fibers: Challenges and Opportunities

The dynamic interaction between network topologies, optical transmission systems and optical fiber designs has fuelled an impressive evolution of the optical communications industry. In this work we will reflect briefly on the evolution of telecommunications systems in order to identify the fundamental triggers. An understanding of these triggers can potentially enable early prediction of the next wave of optical fiber innovations and their respective impact back into systems and networks.
LOS CAMPOS GEOTÉRMICOS DE CENTROAMÉRICA: INFLUENCIA DEL PROCESO DE SUBDUCCIÓN SOBRE SU COMPOSICIÓN VOLÁTIL

Se recolectaron gases de pozos de produccion geotermica en Costa Rica, Nicaragua y El Salvador, y se analizo su contenido de gases mayores y gases nobles, con el fin de determinar las fuentes de los vo-latiles dentro de los sistemas volcanicos activos de America Central. Las razones de 3He/4He indican que elmanto superior es la fuente principal de helio, con cantidades menores provenientes de la corteza en el campode Berlin en El Salvador. El campo de Miravalles en Costa Rica se caracteriza por altas relaciones de CO2/3He,las cuales probablemente son producto del aumento de devolatilizacion en la parte suroeste de la placa del Coco. El campo de Momotombo en Nicaragua demuestra un alto contenido de nitrogeno y metano, ambos probablemente el producto de contribuciones locales dentro de la depresion de Nicaragua. El arco volcanico de America Central se caracteriza, por lo general, por altas razones de N2/3He y 3He/4He, una combinacion poco usualpara los sistemas de arco de islas. Los resultados demuestran que un buen entendimiento de la sistematica delos gases en los sistemas geotermicos, durante su inicio y su produccion comercial, es esencial para la planificacion y mantenimiento de este importante recurso.
Long-Term Crosslinguistic Transfer of Skills From L1 to L2

This study investigated the relationship of first language (L1) skills in elementary school and second language (L2) learning in high school. Students classified as high-, average-, and low-proficiency L2 learners were compared on L1 achievement measures of reading, spelling, vocabulary, phonological awareness, and listening comprehension administered in the first, second, third, and fifth grades. An L2 aptitude measure was administered in ninth grade and L2 word decoding and L2 spelling measures were administered at the end of the first- and second-year L2 courses. Outcome measures were oral and written L2 proficiency measures in Spanish, French, and German administered at the end of 2 years of L2 study. Results showed overall differences among the three proficiency groups on the L1 achievement measures from second through fifth grades, the L2 aptitude measure, and the L2 word decoding and spelling measures. High-proficiency L2 learners exhibited stronger L1 skills and L2 aptitude than the average and low-proficiency L2 learners. Findings showed that L1 skill differences emerged early in elementary school and are related to L2 proficiency and achievement several years later in high school. The findings provide support for long-term crosslinguistic transfer of L1 to L2 skills.
Viscometric functions for a simple fluid

Time correlation function expressions for the viscometric functions to Burnett order are given and evaluated at low density for Maxwell molecules.
Intradermal normal saline solution, self-selected music, and insertion difficulty effects on intravenous insertion pain.

Abstract Objective: To examine the effect of listening to self-selected music versus an intradermal injection of normal saline solution on the intensity and distress of intravenous (IV) catheter insertion pain. Design: Prospective, randomized, controlled study. Setting: Inpatient and outpatient units in 2 university-affiliated southwestern medical centers. Patients: One hundred ten adult inpatients and outpatients undergoing IV therapy. Outcome Measures: Pain intensity, pain distress, and IV insertion difficulty visual analog scales. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to receive an intradermal injection of normal saline solution, listen with headphones to self-selected music, or be in a control group for IV insertion. Results: A MANOVA revealed no statistically significant multivariate or univariate differences in pain by treatment group, but significantly higher pain distress scores with failed IV insertions. The pain intensity and distress scores were significantly higher in the saline solution group when compared with the music and control groups combined. Insertion difficulty was significantly positively correlated with pain intensity and distress for the entire sample, with weak, nonsignificant correlations in the music group. Conclusion: Intradermal unpreserved saline solution contributes to greater pain intensity and distress, greater insertion difficulty, and a higher failure rate than the use of music or routine IV insertion. Listening to preferred music attenuates the effect of insertion difficulty on IV insertion pain. Intravenous insertion attempts were unsuccessful in more than one third of the subjects, resulting in higher pain distress scores. Further research is needed on interventions to reduce IV insertion pain and on factors contributing to IV insertion failure. (Heart Lung® 1999;28:114-22)
An R‐wave Simulator for Testing and Calibrating Heart Rate Amplification and Processing Systems

A simple, inexpensive device described here will produce a spike whose amplitude, shape, and output impedance are similar to those of the human QRS complex. Several reliable spike rates can be selected.
Inferences about correlations when there is heteroscedasticity.

Let (Yb Xi), i = 1, ..., n, be a random sample from some bivariate distribution, and let rho be the (Pearson) population correlation between X and Y. The usual Student's t test of H0: rho = 0 is valid when X and Y are independent, so in particular the conditional variance of Y, given X, does not vary with X. But when the conditional variance does vary with X, Student's t uses an incorrect estimate of the standard error. In effect, when rejecting H0, this might be due to rho not equal to 0, but perhaps the main reason for rejecting is that there is heteroscedasticity. This note compares two heteroscedastic methods for testing H0 and finds that in terms of Type I errors, the nested bootstrap performed best in simulations when using rho. When using one of two robust analogues of rho (Spearman's rho and the percentage bend correlation), little or no advantage was found, in terms of Type I error probabilities, when using a nested bootstrap versus the basic percentile method. As for power, generally an adjusted percentile bootstrap, used in conjunction with r, performed better than the nested bootstrap, even in situations where, for the null case, the estimated probability of a Type I error was lower when using the adjusted percentile method. As for computing a confidence interval when correlations are positive, situations are found where all methods perform in an unsatisfactory manner.
Case Report Pulmonary Dirofilariasis in Man

A case of pulmonary dirofilariasis in a 69-year-old woman is presented. A review of the literature revealed 56 documented cases. As in most cases of pulmonary dirofilariasis, our patient presented roentgenologically a single noncalcified coin lesion and required thoracotomy for diagnosis. The gross and histologic characteristics of the lesion, the life cycle of the parasite, the subcutaneous form of human dirofilariasis, and the possible role of the immunologic tests in establishing the diagnosis are briefly discussed. The incidence of pulmonary dirofilariasis appears to be increasing. Awareness that such entity exists is important since correct preoperative diagnosis can alleviate unnecessary surgical intervention.
Reliability-Based Software Rejuvenation Scheduling for Cloud-Based Systems

The reliability and availability of a cloud-based system play an important role in evaluating its system performance. Due to the promised high reliability of physical facilities provided for cloud services, software faults have become a major factor for failures of cloud-based systems. In this paper, we focus on the software aging phenomenon where system performance may be progressively degraded due to exhaustion of system resources, fragmentation and accumulation of errors. We present a proactive technique, called software rejuvenation, to counteract the software aging problem. The dynamic fault tree (DFT) formalism is adopted to model the system reliability before and during a software rejuvenation process in an aging cloud-based system. Then it is converted into Markov Chains to derive the system reliability function. We use a case study of a cloud-based system to illustrate the validity of our approach. Based on the reliability analysis results, we show how to estimate software rejuvenation schedules that can keep the system reliability above a predefined critical level for required system availability.
Microsporidian Spore/Sporoplasm Dynactin in Spraguea

440. 7. Brown, A., and R. J. Lasek. 1990. Pp. 235–302 in Squid as Experimental Animals. D. L. Gilbert, W. J. Adelman, Jr., and J. M. Arnold, eds., Plenum Press, New York. 8. Grant, P., D. Tseng, R. M. Gould, H. Gainer, and H. C. Pant. 1995. J. Comp. Neurol. 356: 311–326. 9. Tsai, M.-Y., G. Morfini, G. Szebenyi, and S. T. Brady. 2000. Mol. Biol. Cell 11: 2161–2173. 10. Hollenbeck, P. J. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 108: 2335–2342.
Captopril renography for the detection of renovascular hypertension. A preliminary report

The effect of a provocative challenge with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (captopril) upon technetium-99m-labeled diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-99m-labeled DTPA) and iodohippurate sodium 1-131 (1-131 Hippuran) renograms was studied in a group of 16 selected hypertensive patients. The patients were categorized as having either renal artery stenosis (RAS, n= 11) or essential hypertension (EHT, n=5) based upon renal angiographic findings. In patients with RAS, captopril altered the time-activity curves of the stenotic kidney(s) of both radionuclide studies and improved the diagnostic sensitivity. In patients with EHT, captopril did not alter the radionuclide studies. Converting-enzyme inhibition coupled with noninvasive radionuclide studies of the renovascular bed offers promise in improving the sensitivity and specificity for detecting hemodynamically significant RAS in the hypertensive population.
Necrosis of the anterior maxilla following osteotomy.

Abstract A rare case is presented in which necrosis of the anterior maxilla followed maxillary osteotomy to correct a Class II, Division 1 deformity.
Communication Privacy Management Theory

Worldwide, concern about privacy management has grown exponentially. New technologies affording easy access to communicate with others, their ubiquitous nature, and level of use, have resulted in growing concern about whether individuals have privacy at all. Yet, the very concern signals privacy as a value, and research shows it is not dead. However, understanding how people manage privacy, in general and in interpersonal relationships, is complex. Grasping navigation between wanting to use these technologies and wanting privacy requires a shift in how these issues are defined. Matters related to protecting private lives have been valued for centuries, across cultures, and contexts. Nevertheless, understanding how people manage private information is a relatively new area of inquiry. While some models and methods have been developed, Petronio's Communication Privacy Management Theory has provided a full complement of principles and processes that explain the communicative system of decisions people make in considering revealing and concealing private information. Keywords: communication theory; confidentiality; decision-making; disclosure; ethics; privacy
Scalable thread sharing analysis

We present two scalable algorithms for identifying program locations that access thread-shared data in concurrent programs. The static algorithm, though simple, and without performing the expensive whole program information flow analysis, is much more efficient, less memory-demanding, and even more precise than the classical escape analysis algorithm. The dynamic algorithm, powered by a location- based approach, achieves significant runtime speedups over a precise dynamic escape analysis. Our evaluation on a set of large real world complex multithreaded systems such as Apache Derby and Eclipse shows that our algorithms achieve unprecedented scalability. Used by client applications, our algorithms reduce the recording overhead of a record-replay system by 9X on average (as much as 16X) and increase the runtime logging speed of a data race detector by 32% on average (as much as 52%).
Breathing Life into Database Textbooks.

Despite its tremendous utility, database systems has often been considered an unexciting topic for undergraduate curricula. To remedy this, we describe a novel interactive electronic textbook for teaching undergraduate database systems courses. Designed for tablets, the textbook embeds a fully capable database. All parts of the textbook – examples, expressions, figures and explanations in the document are live, fully-functional elements of the database. In contrast to canned illustrations and animations, students can interact with each textbook element. The rapid feedback loop with the database allows the user to explore and understand the full scope of valid and invalid queries to the database. Wireless connectivity allows the instructor to perform detailed realtime analysis of classroom performance and provide interactive feedback, merging textbook instruction with in-class demonstrations, allowing for the scaling out of classrooms. We discuss the design of our prototype implementation of this concept.
‘That dog won’t hunt’: the cottage industry of realist criticism, or must you play that Waltz again?

Debates over realism seem endless. The neoliberal tenor of the decade ending with September 2001 has given way to another popular revival of conventional realism, as if that paradigm were once again the only true reflection of world politics. This resurgence, however, is best considered within the context of longer-term debates over realism and its spin-off, neorealism: their accuracy, applicability, and — some would say — morality. This article asks how and why a paradigm that has been incessantly attacked has survived. It argues that, to answer these questions, one must look beyond issues of internal theoretical consistency to the historical context within which structural realism has unfolded. In addition, one must entertain the possibility that the incessant focus on internal theoretical debates downplays both the results of empirical research and the personal prejudices or worldviews that ultimately may underlie preferences for models. Much of the discussion revolves around Kenneth Waltz's Theory of International Politics (TIP), a central focus of the debate, but also assesses implications from other studies thought to be extensions of neorealism and TIP. We conclude that progress in international relations (IR) and IR theory ultimately requires less energy being spent on the broad paradigmatic debates, and more effort being dedicated to evaluating what empirical investigations can contribute as well as recognizing what lies outside their domain.
Organizing and Program Committee

Publicity Co-Chairs Hai Jin, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China Antonio Coronato, ICAR-CNR, Italy Damien Sauveron, Universite de Limoges/CNRS, France Hua Liu, Xerox Corporation, USA Kevin Raymond Boyce Butler, Pennsylvania State University, USA Guojun Wang, Central South University, China Tao Jiang, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China Gang Wu, UESTC, China Yoshiaki Hori, Kyushu University, Japan
Knowledge creation in Bangladesh: institutional challenges and personal opportunities within civil society

This article offers an institutional and sociological analysis of knowledge generation and dissemination for policy in Bangladesh. Because institutions participating in knowledge generation remain largely understudied, the article focuses on analysing the means and challenges to knowledge creation, and the complex agency and power relations among and within think tanks and universities. The article concludes that the scarcity of domestic financial resources and the political co-option of think tanks and universities weaken academic freedom, fragment the knowledge creation process, and contribute to depoliticising research. Research-to-policy linkages are engineered through the personalised networks of a few strategic individuals.
Primary Lateral Sclerosis with Gaze Paralysis

Three children in a Jordanian family, with consanguinous parents, who met the Stark and Moersch (1945) criteria for the diagnosis of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) are reported from the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, and King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Problematic Texting Behaviors Individual Differences in Personality

Problematic texting behaviors consist of well-understood behaviors (such as texting while driving) and behaviors that have not been thoroughly researched in the past. A study was performed to exami...
ESD protection for submicron CMOS circuits-issues and solutions

Key issues pertinent to design with advanced CMOS ESD (electrostatic discharge)-protection circuits are discussed. Input protection elements and their limitations with respect to output and power supply applications are examined. The lateral silicon-controlled rectifier has proved to be an effective primary protection element for a wide range of CMOS processes when it is combined with an optimized secondary protection network. Significant features of the dual-diode-output protection circuit as well as special layout considerations for the n-channel device are introduced. Power supply protections has been achieved on advanced CMOS devices by utilization of a standard guard ring configuration which ensures that parasitic silicon-controlled rectifier devices within the internal circuit have the same switching level and that switching is accomplished before BV/sub ceo/ is developed across the parasitic npn device. >
Since You Brought It Up: Is Legally Separating a Child from a Nonbiological Third Party Who Has Essentially Become the Child's Psychological Parent Really in the Best Interest of the Child?

For the first time since the United States Supreme Court decision in Obergefel, a Louisiana appellate court addressed a child custody dispute between unmarried same-sex partners. In Ferrand v. Ferrand, the lower court denied custody to the nonparent, same-sex partner, who was not biologically related to the children. Raised by the nonparent since their birth, these children have always viewed the nonparent as their “daddy.” The appellate court questioned whether, under Louisiana law, a nonparent’s burden in a child-custody dispute with the child’s biological parent should require an examination of the psychological parent-child relationship as well as the child’s attachment with the nonparent, before such a permanent and legal severance of the relationship is adjudged. If not, how can the outcome possibly result in the best interest of the child? Notably, the appellate court suggested, in its thorough state-by-state analysis, that Louisiana’s adoption of a psychological parent doctrine would be instrumental in certifying that the best interest of the child is actually paramount in all child custody disputes. Furthering the appellate court’s agenda, the author discusses the disconnect between current child custody laws in Louisiana, the ever-changing demands of society, and the evolving definition of family. This author recommends more consistent court requirements that will better protect the rights and welfare of children in Louisiana by obligating the court to weigh each of the best interest of the child factors, consider the psychological bond between a nonparent and child who has essentially become the child’s parent, and order a psychological evaluation on all parties involved.
Germline polymorphisms in myeloid-associated genes are not associated with survival in glioma patients

Immune cells of myeloid origin, including microglia, macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells adopt immunosuppressive phenotypes that support gliomagenesis. Here, we tested an a priori hypothesis that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes related to glioma-associated myeloid cell regulation and function are also associated with patient survival after glioma diagnosis. Subjects for this study were 992 glioma patients treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas between 1992 and 2008. Haplotype-tagging SNPs in 91 myeloid-associated genes were analyzed for association with survival by Cox regression. Individual SNP- and gene-based tests were performed separately in glioblastoma (WHO grade IV, n = 511) and lower-grade glioma (WHO grade II–III, n = 481) groups. After adjustment for multiple testing, no myeloid-associated gene variants were significantly associated with survival in glioblastoma. Two SNPs, rs147960238 in CD163 (p = 2.2 × 10−5) and rs17138945 in MET (p = 5.6 × 10−5) were significantly associated with survival of patients with lower-grade glioma. However, these associations were not confirmed in an independent analysis of 563 lower-grade glioma cases from the University of California at San Francisco Adult Glioma Study (p = 0.65 and p = 0.41, respectively). The results of this study do not support a role for inherited polymorphisms in myeloid-associated genes in affecting survival of patients diagnosed with glioblastoma or lower-grade glioma.
Integrative Strategies for Family Therapy with Evangelical Christians

If family therapists are to be more effective with evangelical Christian families, they must pay serious attention to the beliefs of these families and modify treatment approaches to account fully ...
Assessing the Status Quo of EHR Accessibility, Usability, and Knowledge Dissemination

Aim: This study was performed to better characterize accessibility to electronic health records (EHRs) among informatics professionals in various roles, settings, and organizations across the United States and internationally. Background: The EHR landscape has evolved significantly in recent years, though challenges remain in key areas such as usability. While patient access to electronic health information has gained more attention, levels of access among informatics professionals, including those conducting usability research, have not been well described in the literature. Ironically, many informatics professionals whose aim is to improve EHR design have restrictions on EHR access or publication, which interfere with broad dissemination of findings in areas of usability research. Methods: To quantify the limitations on EHR access and publication rights, we conducted a survey of informatics professionals from a broad spectrum of roles including practicing clinicians, researchers, administrators, and members of industry. Results were analyzed and levels of EHR access were stratified by role, organizational affiliation, geographic region, EHR type, and restrictions with regard to publishing results of usability testing, including screenshots. Results: 126 respondents completed the survey, representing all major geographic regions in the United States. 71.5 percent of participants reported some level of EHR access, while 13 percent reported no access whatsoever. Rates of no-access were higher among faculty members and researchers (19 percent). Among faculty members and researchers, 72 percent could access the EHR for usability and/or research purposes, but, of those, fewer than 1 in 3 could freely publish screenshots with results of usability testing and half could not publish such data at all. Across users from all roles, only 21 percent reported the ability to publish screenshots freely without restrictions. Conclusions: This study offers insight into current patterns of EHR accessibility among informatics professionals, highlighting restrictions that limit dissemination of usability research and testing. Further conversations and shared responsibility among the various stakeholders in industry, government, health care organizations, and informatics professionals are vital to continued EHR optimization.
HIV Molecular Biology, Treatment Resistance

HIV has infected more than 40 million individuals on six continents since emerging in 1981, with an estimated 15,000 new infections transmitted daily. The rapid spread and lethal nature of the HIV-1 pandemic has made the development of useful and widely available therapy a compelling imperative. As such, many of the molecular mechanisms of HIV replication have been investigated as potential therapeutic targets. This chapter summarizes key molecular events in HIV replication, their use as therapeutic targets, and the inevitable emergence of resistance to therapy.
Sokrates’ große Liebe. Der philosophische Eros in den Dialogen Platons

In the platonic dialogues, there is but one exception to the socratic confession of ignorance: Socrates claims for himself a knowledge of the erotica, of love matters. In this paper the connection between the platonic concept of philosophy, which is developed along the lines of the paradigm of the ignorant Socrates, and the role of Eros in platonic conversations is scrutinized. This connection displays not only dramatic-literary and performative, but also dialectical aspects: Plato puts Socrates onstage in his physicalness and his overcoming of fleshliness as a philosophical Eros. Plato, the ›poet-philosopher‹, uses this performance primarily in order to visualize something genuinely conceptual, namely, the revolutionary adventure of his theory of ideas. This theory constitutes a new foundation of cognition on a truly conceptual basis and, as Diotima’s conception of love shows, does not result in a rationalistic reduction of the notion of Eros or in an anti-hedonistic intellectualism, but leads to the ultimate lust that humans can achieve: to a view on the ›ocean of beauty‹.
Locate Multiple Pareto Optima Using a Species-Based Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm

In many real-world multi-objective optimization problems (MOOPs), the decision maker may only concern partial, rather than all, Pareto optima. This requires the solution algorithm to search and locate multiple Pareto optimal solutions simultaneously with higher accuracy and faster speed. To address this requirement, a species-based multi-objective GA (speMOGA) is designed in this paper, where multiple sub-populations would be constructed to search for multiple nondomiated solutions in parallel via decomposing a MOOP into a set of subproblems using the Tchebycheff approach. Based on a series of benchmark test problems, experiments are carried out to investigate the performance of the proposed algorithm in comparison with two classical multi-objective GAs: MOEA/D and NSGA-II. The experimental results show the validity of the proposed algorithm on locating multiple Pareto optima.
Partially depleted (PD) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology: circuit solutions

Abstract: Partially depleted SOI (PDSOI) technology can provide a significant performance boost over bulk technology. This chapter first reviews the main device aspects of PDSOI technology including the basic benefits and issues with the floating body inherent to a PDSOI device. Next, some of the digital circuit design issues faced with PDSOI are described along with solutions. Then, the chapter addresses the SRAM design issues that are unique to PDSOI highlighting the advantage of body contacted devices in the sense amp and concludes with an example of bitcell margining that was used for a PDSOI technology.
A snapchat story: how black girls develop strategies for critical resistance in school

ABSTRACTDrawing from Black, feminist epistemologies as well as theories of critical consciousness, and adolescent digital literacies, this paper analyzes the narratives of 7 Black, female high scho...
A Crosstalk-Friendly Signaling Method

As computer performance continues to increase at an exponential rate, the system bus bandwidth must scale in proportion. Increased bandwidth demands and smaller chassis sizes lead to a scenario where crosstalk noise becomes a primary limiter of bus performance. The goal of this paper is to remove the crosstalk bottleneck to allow very dense routing on printed circuit boards and packages, so the maximum computational capability can be designed into the smallest possible volume. This paper presents a new nonbinary signaling scheme called “crosstalk-harnessed signaling” (CHS) that encodes the data so that each bit is spread across multiple conductors in a way whereby crosstalk becomes part of the signal and can be removed during the decoding process. CHS can be implemented with relatively simple low-power circuits and can realize bus bandwidth gains over binary signaling as high as 2–3 ${\times}$ while allowing $2{\times}$ increase in routing density and increased pin efficiency compared to differential signaling. Finally, passive test board measurements corroborate simulations in demonstrating the benefits of CHS in crosstalk compensation over binary signaling to maximize the channel bandwidth density.
Synthetic aperture radar observations of interannual ocean-atmosphere coupling over the Somali Current

The covariability of wind stress and sea surface temperature is observed at high resolution over the Western Arabian Sea. Synthetic aperture radar data were acquired over the Somali Current in 2016 and 2017 during the summer monsoon season. The Somali Current, the Southern Gyre and the Great Whirl were all observed at the time of these acquisitions. Wind stress curl derived from the synthetic aperture radar data show the effects of the cold upwelled coastal water and the Somali Current on the wind stress. Significant organized large eddies are also observed east of the Somali Current.
Lower Extremity Arteries

Abstract The lower extremity arteries undergo deformations induced by cardiac pulsatility and musculoskeletal movements at the hip, knee, and ankle. This chapter reviews the arterial anatomy of the lower extremities and the associated musculoskeletal structures that drive hip, knee, and ankle flexion and extension. Thorough literature reviews were performed and the key publications regarding iliac, femoropopliteal, and tibial artery deformations are described with medical images and quantified changes in cross-sectional geometry, and centerline axial length, axial twist, and curvature. There is special attention paid to deformations of healthy and diseased native arteries, arteries with intraluminal devices, and how artery deformations change before and after stent implantation.
Non‐equivalent pass‐through of anti‐dumping duties, countervailing duties and import tariffs

We directly compare the short‐run pass‐through of tariffs, anti‐dumping (AD) duties and countervailing (CV) duties into US import prices. Consistent with the theoretical predictions, we find clear pattern of non‐equivalence in import price reaction to the three duty types, with the most notable difference detected between AD duties and tariffs. According to our estimates, a tariff rate would have to be approximately two times higher than an AD duty rate in order to have the same effect on the delivered import price.
Soil microclimates influence annual carbon loss via heterotrophic soil respiration in maize and switchgrass bioenergy cropping systems

Abstract Heterotrophic soil respiration (RH) is the primary pathway of carbon (C) loss from litter and soil organic matter, and thus RH partially determines ecosystem C storage. Because RH is sensitive to soil temperature and moisture, aboveground factors that influence soil microclimate, such as plant structure and residue management, may in turn affect belowground C loss via RH, but this relationship has not been quantified. We examined multiyear soil microclimate differences to 1-m depth, measured seasonal trends of RH, and parameterized crop-specific microclimate-RH models to quantify the effect of soil microclimate differences on annual RH in temperate no-till maize and switchgrass bioenergy cropping systems. Summertime soil temperatures were typically warmer in maize compared to switchgrass, likely resulting from lower leaf area index (LAI) in maize. In contrast, winter soil temperatures were usually warmer in switchgrass than maize, due in part to more consistent snow retention within the switchgrass litter stubble. Daily soil temperature ranges were less extreme in the perennial switchgrass system compared to the annual no-till maize system. Soil moisture near the soil surface was usually lower in maize than switchgrass, but the opposite was true below about 50 cm. RH showed strong seasonal trends, with warmer and drier soil conditions generally leading to higher RH in both crops. Modeled scenarios indicated that the differences in crop-specific soil microclimates accounted for 4 to 17% of the annual RH flux, with the dominant soil microclimate effects on RH occurring during the summer. Thus, the soil microclimate serves as a strong coupling between aboveground properties and belowground C loss via RH in temperate agroecosystems. Agricultural management practices such as planting date, plant density, and residue management could be targeted to promote soil microclimates that reduce RH, thereby reducing gaseous belowground C losses and potentially enhancing ecosystem C storage.
Impact of FR1 5G NR Jammers on UWB Indoor Position Location Systems

Ultra-wide band (UWB) technology has emerged as the most reliable, accurate and precise position location system. Due to the wide bandwidth (>500M) of operation, UWB systems exhibit excellent resilience to out-of-band interference from narrowband jammers such as 2G/3G/4G cellular and WiFi. The newly released FR1 5G NR licensed bands (n77, n78 n79) overlap with the 3.2-5GHz portion of the UWB band and are expected to have operating bandwidth of 100-200MHz to meet the rising demand for high data rates. FR1 5G NR is expected to start rolling out in 2020 and densify and extend to 10GHz over the next decade. The ubiquitous presence of wideband 5G NR signals threatens the operation of UWB position location systems. In this paper, we report the preliminary measurement results of the impact of wideband 5G NR jammers on the achievable range of a commercial DecaWave UWB indoor position location system. The measurements results were compared with theoretical prediction obtained by the Cramer-Rao lower bound.
Factors associated with stress among mothers of hospitalized children admitted through emergency department

Introductions: Hospitalization of a child is stressful for mothers, affects child care and has long-term negative effects on both mother and child. This study aims in identify stress level and associated factors on mothers of a hospitalized child admitted through emergency department. Methods: A cross sectional analytical study was conducted in mothers of children admitted in pediatric ward through emergency department of Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Nepal, from April 2018 to February 2019. Purposive sampling was used to interview mothers using validated Nepali version Dass 21 to find out the stress level and related factors (child, hospital environment, economic burden and hospital staffs). The SPSS was used for data analysis. Results: Among 90 mothers, 42 (46.7%) showed extremely severe stress and 19 (21.1%) in severe stress. Uncertainty of future of child’s illness 72 (80%), facilities of hygienic drinking water 66 (73.3%) in hospital, cost of treatment 47 (52.2%), and inadequate explanation by nursing staffs about procedures 39 (40%) were related factors of stress. Mothers stress significantly and positively correlated with child related factor (r=0.562) and economic burden (r=0.253). Conclusions: Mothers of hospitalized children were stressed with child related factors of uncertainty of illness and economic burden of cost of treatment. Keywords: emergency department, factors, hospitalized children, mothers, stress
Is It Possible

Background As the workload for completing CIBMTR forms continues to increase, the resources required to complete them has not increased at the same pace. While CPI goals are met at the University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center (UMGCCC), because of resource limitations, achieving CPI is a constant struggle. When CIBMTR announced that the completion of Cellular Therapy forms were highly recommended, how to accurately and timely completion of CPI forms has become our top priority. Method The simplest solution to the problem would be to add resources by hiring an additional Data Manager. However, with the scarcity of knowledgeable resources available, hiring and training a new Data Manager is a challenge. Therefore, with the number of Data Managers at our center, we identified the following strategies to implement to maximize time and effort while maintaining quality and accuracy in completing CIBMTR forms. The first thing we identified was to extract from FormsNet 3 all the forms due for the current CPI period into an excel spreadsheet, and divided the workload up by transplant type. Next, we determined how many forms each Data Manager needed to complete per day to be able to achieve CPI for the reporting period. To ensure we achieved our set goal, we created measures to evaluate progress of form completion. Data Managers provide a biweekly report to the manager, summarizing what was accomplished in the prior two weeks. From the report, Data Managers can determine whether or not they accomplish their set goals and modify accordingly. Furthermore, CIBMTR provides a CPI summary sheet to each center on a weekly basis indicating the current CPI completion percentage with a tool that identifies progress toward CPI goals. In addition, to assist in verifying data accuracy, the Data Managers incorporated internal assessments between Data Managers as well as meeting with primary physicians to discuss and confirm that certain complex data was accurately reported to CIBMTR. Result CPI requirements were met, however, real-time reporting on patients receiving transplant and cell therapy has not been possible. Conclusion While CPI reporting requirements are met, we anticipate that by developing realistic, achievable methods to 1) increase the number of forms completed per day; 2) create a tool to accurately determine the number of forms and which forms are coming due in real time; and 3) create a schedule of additional tasks required of the Data Manager, forms will be completed as transplant and cell therapies are being conducted.
Macrolets: Outsized Extracellular Vesicles Released from Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages that Trap and Kill Escherichia coli.

Summary Macrophages release a variety of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here we describe a previously unreported class of EVs that are released from macrophages in response to Escherichia coli endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), that we have named "macrolets" since they are extruded as large "drop lets " released from macro phages. Morphologically, macrolets are anuclear, bounded by a single lipid membrane and structurally dependent on an actin cytoskeleton. Macrolets are enriched in tetraspanins and separable on this basis from their parent macrophages. Macrolets are distinguished from classic exosomes by their larger size (10–30 μm), discoid shape, and the presence of organelles. Macrolets are rich in both interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 6 receptor (IL-6R),and are capable of trapping and killing E. coli in association with production of reactive oxygen species. Our observations offer insights into the mechanisms by which macrophage activities may be amplified in sites of infection, inflammation, and healing.
Positive Balance at the Social-Ecological Level: Socio-Eudaimonia

In this chapter I offer a definition of positive mental health based on the concept of positive balance at the social-ecological level: Individuals characterized by high positive mental health tend to experience a preponderance of social resources (social acceptance, social actualization, social contribution, social integration, social harmony, social belongingness, social attachment, familial attachment, etc.) relative to social constraints (social alienation, social discord, social exclusion, ostracism, etc.). Five programs of research support this definition of positive balance at social-ecological level: social well-being, social harmony, social belongingness, attachment theory, and social ostracism. I then describe how eudaimonia (at the developmental level) serves as a building block for socio-eudaimonia (at the social-ecological level). The key process involves a process involved in social and moral development. As such, I argue that high levels of eudaimonia at the developmental level mediated by a process involving high social and moral development result into high levels of socio-eudaimonia at the social-ecological level; and conversely, low levels of eudaimonia mediated by a process involving low social and moral development result into low levels of socio-eudaimonia.
QUANTIFICATION OF TMJ RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ON POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY SCANS USING ROVER SOFTWARE

Background Inflammation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has a relatively high correlation (> 17%) to the late stages of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes cartilage and bone destruction. Cell activity of TMJ was measured by using 2 radiotracers, [18 F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) and [18 F]-sodium fluoride (NaF), for staging and surveillance of RA. Objective The aim of this study was to quantify the region of interest (ROI) volumes of FDG- and NaF-based TMJ positron emission tomography (PET) images by using the ROVER software. Materials and Methods Institutional review board (IRB) approval was obtained for 20 previously diagnosed patients with RA. From this cohort, 17 anonymized patients with NaF and FDG-PET/CT scans were reviewed by 3 calibrated investigators. When there was disagreement, a fourth investigator who is an expert in PET/CT, was used. The standardized uptake values corrected (SUV-Mean Cor) were calculated and recorded on ROVER. The collected data and literature review findings were collated and analyzed to provide a holistic comparison table. The clinical applications, advantages, and disadvantages of 8 imaging techniques were reviewed. Results The average ROI volumes differed between FDG- and NaF-based PET images in every case, showing a higher quantification for NaF-based scans. In 1 case, ROI mean total corrected value was 23.25 when NaF-PET was used, as opposed to 6.7 when FDG-PET was used. There was a similar trend among other cases included in the study. The NaF-PET ROI values appeared higher than the standard FDG-PET ROI values in the cases where the RA activity was quantified. SUV can be obtained by dividing the ROI activity concentration (KBq/L) by the decay-corrected amount of injected FDG (KBq/L) times the weight of the patient in grams. ROVER automatically calculates the average and maximum SUVs for all patients. Discussion With the use of ROVER, it is possible to collect accurate measurements of TMJ disease activity from both FDG-PET and NaF-PET images. NaF-PET appeared to be a more sensitive technique.
Inversion-Free Hysteresis Compensation via Adaptive Conditional Servomechanism With Application to Nanopositioning Control

In this article, an adaptive conditional servocompensator is proposed to achieve precise tracking control of systems with hysteresis without requiring explicit inversion of the hysteresis. Motivated by a range of applications, such as the piezoelectric-actuated nanopositioning, the system considered in this work consists of a chain of integrators preceded by a hysteresis nonlinearity modeled by a modified Prandtl–Ishlinskii (MPI) operator with uncertainty. To facilitate the proposed control design, the MPI operator is rearranged into a form comprised of three parts: a linear term, a nominal hysteretic term represented by a classical Prandtl–Ishlinskii (PI) operator, and a hysteretic perturbation. The bound on the hysteretic perturbation is further derived based on the parameter uncertainty of the MPI operator. The controller consists of two major elements. The first is a continuously implemented sliding mode controller (SMC), which exploits the bound on hysteretic perturbation and drives the system states to a bounded set in finite time. To properly “cancel” the nominal hysteresis effect without inversion, a technique involving a low-pass filter is introduced. The second element of the proposed controller is an adaptive conditional servocompensator that aims to eliminate periodic components in the tracking error. We show that, with persistent excitation, the closed-loop variables are ultimately bounded and the tracking error approaches a neighborhood of zero, where the neighborhood can be made arbitrarily small via the choice of the SMC boundary-layer width parameter and the servocompensator order. The proposed approach is implemented experimentally on a commercial nanopositioner under different types of periodic references, and it shows superior tracking performance over the traditional proportional–integral control, as well as several hysteresis inversion-based approaches reported in the literature.
Unhealthy weight control behaviors among a sample of U.S. journalists.

Objective Research on body image and weight control behaviors among journalists is limited. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study to assess the experiences of unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs), binge eating, and appearance-related pressures among a sample of journalists in the United States (U.S.). Method We administered an online survey to journalists assessing their roles in the news industry, engagement in UWCBs (e.g., vomiting, laxative use, dieting, fasting) and binge eating. Odds ratios of the outcomes were estimated using a series of multivariate logistic regression models. Results Over 68%, 19%, and 30% of participants reported they went on a diet, fasted for weight control, and binge ate, respectively. Our results suggest on-air journalists demonstrated higher odds of dieting compared to their counterparts who do not work in front of the camera. Furthermore, some journalists reported being subjected to appearance-related pressures in the industry. Discussion Our results provide a glimpse of weight control behaviors, binge eating, and appearance-related pressures among workers in the U.S. journalism industry. Given the concerning prevalence of purging and binge eating in our sample, future studies should assess whether journalists represent an occupation group that is at high risk of developing eating disorders.