cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intermittency and universality in a Lagrangian model of velocity gradients in three-dimensional turbulence

Abstract The universality of intermittency in hydrodynamic turbulence is considered based on a recent model for the velocity gradient tensor evolution. Three possible versions of the model are investigated differing in the assumed correlation time-scale and forcing strength. Numerical tests show that the same (universal) anomalous relative scaling exponents are obtained for the three model variants. It is also found that transverse velocity gradients are more intermittent than longitudinal ones, whereas dissipation and enstrophy scale with the same exponents. The results are consistent with the universality of intermittency and relative scaling exponents, and suggest that these are dictated by the self-stretching terms that are the same in each variant of the model. To cite this article: L. Chevillard, C. Meneveau, C. R. Mecanique 335 (2007).
The New World and the Rise of European Capitalist Hegemony: Some Historiographical Perspectives

The Columbian legacy also involved catastrophic demographic collapse and brutal exploitation. Within fifty years of Spanish occupation, native populations of the Caribbean archipelago verged on extinction; after eighty years, demographic decline in Mexico and Central America may have reached ninety percent. Although epidemiological transfers devastated American Indians, other aspects of inter-hemispheric biological exchange substantially enhanced the world's capacity to support human life. Eurasian grazing stock (goats, cattle, pigs, sheep) as well as animals of burden (horses and oxen) were introduced to the Americas while native American plants — not least, the potato, maize, tomato, various beans, and squash — were transferred to the Eastern Hemisphere. Precious metals were also conveyed to the Old World with effects that continue to be debated upon European economic growth, the distribution of wealth, the organization of power, and the conduct of war. Africa's portion of the Columbian legacy was to supply 5/6ths of the human migrants from the Eastern to the Western Hemisphere between 1492 and 1775 and to experience the domestic transformations dictated by the Atlantic slave trade. Taken together, the convergence of continents in the age of discovery would appear to have shaped the modern world, as Abbe Raynal implied. But did it? From Raynal's time to our own, how have historians related these developments to the advent of modernity or to the establishment of Europe's global economic paramountcy? Did the development of the Old World hinge upon the discovery of the New?
FEL potential of eRHIC

Brookhaven National Laboratory plans to build a 5-to-30 GeV energy-recovery linac (ERL) for its future electron-ion collider, eRHIC. In past few months, the Laboratory turned its attention to the potential of this unique machine for free electron lasers (FELS), which we initially assessed earlier. In this paper, we present our current vision of a possible FEL farm, and of narrow-band FEL-oscillators driven by this accelerator. eRHIC, the proposed electron-ion collider at BNL, takes advantage of the existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) complex. Plans call for adding a six-pass super-conducting (SRF) ERL to this complex to collide polarized- and unpolarized- electron beams with heavy ions (with energies up to 130 GeV per nucleon) and with polarized protons (with energies up to 325 GeV). RHIC, with a circumference of 3.834 km, has three-fold symmetry and six straight sections each {approx} 250 m long. Two of these straight sections will accommodate 703-MHz SRF linacs. The maximum energy of the electron beam in eRHIC will be reached in stages, from 5 GeV to 30 GeV, by increasing the lengths of its SRF linacs. We plan to install at the start the six-pass magnetic system with small gap magnets. The structure of the eRHIC'smore » electron beam will be identical with that of its hadron beam, viz., 166 bunches will be filled, reserving about a one-microsecond gap for the abort kicker. With modest modifications, we can assure that eRHIC's ERL will become an excellent driver for continuous wave (CW) FELs (see Fig.1). The eRHIC's beam structure will support the operation of several such FELs in parasitic mode.« less
Disaster Preparedness and Response for Persons With Mobility Impairments Results From the University of Kansas Nobody Left Behind Study

The objective of this study was to assess the impact of a major disaster on county-level preparedness for persons with mobility disabilities. The authors surveyed 30 randomly selected Federal Emerg...
Relèvement Des Formes Modulaires De Picard

We prove a lifting theorem (from any characteristic $p$ to characteristic zero) for holomorphic Picard modular forms of any weight and level. The proof makes use of the knowledge of the geometry of the toroidal compactification of the Picard modular surface.
Correlates of Park-Based Physical Activity among Children in Diverse Communities: Results from an Observational Study in Two Cities:

Abstract Purpose. This study examined correlates of park-based physical activity (PA) among children in neighborhood parks. Design. Direct observation was used to assess PA among children. Setting. Public parks in Tampa, Florida (n = 10), and Chicago, Illinois (n = 18), from low income and high income and racially/ethnically diverse communities. Subjects. Children (n = 3410), coded as anyone who appeared to be 10 years or younger, observed at parks in Tampa and Chicago. Measures. Physical activity was measured by a modified version of the System for Observing Play and Leisure Among Youth (SOPLAY). Analysis. Descriptive statistics and multilevel regression models were used in data analysis. Results. At the activity observation level, children's PA was positively related to temperature and unstructured activities in Tampa and Chicago parks. Among park activity area predictors, type of activity area was significantly related to PA. In Tampa, more PA was observed on courts, and less PA was observed in s...
Fast algorithms for close-to-Toeplitz-plus-Hankel systems and two-sided linear prediction

The low-displacement-rank definition of close-to-Toeplitz (CT) matrices is extended to close-to-Toeplitz-plus-Hankel (CTPH) matrices. Fast algorithms for solving CTPH systems of equations are presented. A matrix is defined as CTPH if the sum of a CT matrix and a second CT matrix postmultiplied by an exchange matrix; an equivalent definition in terms of UV rank is also given. This definition is motivated by the application of the algorithms to two-sided linear prediction (TSP). Autocorrelation and covariance forms of TSP analogous to those for one-sided linear prediction (OSP) are defined. The covariance form of TSP is solved using the CTPH fast algorithms, just as the covariance form of OSP is solved using CT fast algorithms. Numerical examples show that TSP produces smaller residuals than OSP and resolves sharp spectral peaks better than OSP, and that covariance TSP produces smaller residuals than autocorrelation TSP. >
An atmospherics analyzer

The enormously powerful radiation from lightning discharges has been used as a tool for the study of the ionosphere at very low frequencies. Previous workers have calculated the height of the ionosphere and the distance to the radiation source by application of the ray theory of multiple ionospheric reflections. Time measurements for use in the height and distance formulas were obtained by direct measurement of recorded oscillograms. Time resolution was limited and the calculations were extremely tedious. This paper describes a complete system which records the received atmospheric wave form and simultaneously derives a plot of the time intervals between peaks of the wave form vs time. The time-interval plot greatly facilitates data reduction by means of a simple curve-fitting technique. Accuracy of measurement of height and distance is limited chiefly by the validity of the multiple reflection theory and the assumption of a simple layer structure in the ionosphere. The time differences are measured more accurately than is ordinarily possible with direct measurement on the waveform. The system automatically derives frequency-time plots for whistling atmospherics and relates the whistler to preceding impulsive atmospherics. Consumption of photographic film is low. The system can be used to visually monitor tape-recorded atmospherics.
Teaching health law: A comparison of two new works

American Health Law, by Annas, G., Law, S., Rosenblatt, R., & Wing, K. (Little, Brown, and Co., Boston, Massachusetts, 1990), 1,000 pages, $41.00. Health Care Law, Forensic Science, and Public Policy, by Curran, W., Hall, M., & Kaye, D. (Little, Brown, and Co., Boston, Massachusetts, 1990), 1,291 pages, $44.00.
A real-time fuzzy logic-based neural facial feature extraction technique

An innovative fuzzy logic-based neural facial feature extraction technique has been developed which is invariant to translation, rotation, and scale transformations. Because human reasoning is nonnumeric and imprecise, fuzzy logic is implemented to extract facial features in a human-like manner by first locating the "corners" of a profile silhouette, which include the nose, lips, and chin. The five critical points which define these corners include the eye, the tip of the nose, the point under the nose, the lips, and the chin. Translation, rotation, and scale invariance is achieved by performing recognition based on feature vectors composed of relative distances between critical points and the angles between these distance. This feature extraction technique is not only applicable to object and character recognition but also for an image with N pixels, and it outperforms conventional image convolution approaches. The fuzzy logic-based facial feature extraction algorithm correctly extracts features for 98% of 111 database images. >
Central melanocortins and the regulation of weight during acute and chronic disease.

Recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of body weight, appetite, and metabolic rate have highlighted the role of the adipose-derived hormone leptin and its receptor as fundamental modulators of these processes. Investigations of the neural targets for leptin action - as well as characterization of the agouti obesity syndrome - have, in turn, led to the discovery of fundamental neural pathways involved in the central regulation of energy homeostasis. In particular, the central melanocortin system has been shown to regulate appetite and metabolic rate in rodents; mutations in this system have been demonstrated to result in obesity in humans. Overall, the melanocortin system appears to function as a bidirectional rheostat in the regulation of energy intake and expenditure in rodents and potentially in humans. The first section of this chapter will focus on the development of our understanding of melanocortin physiology in the context of obesity. In particular, recent data regarding the interplay between melanocortin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling at a cellular level will be discussed. The following section will discuss the hypothesis that melanocortin signaling plays a role in pathological weight loss and hypermetabolism observed in murine cachexia models. The potential role of this system in integrating a variety of anorexic and cachexic signals, as well as the potential for its pharmacological manipulation in the treatment of human cachexia, will be discussed.
MDDM: A Method to Improve Multiple Dimension Data Management Performance in HBase

Big data is the term applied to a new generation of software, applications and storage system, designed to derive business values. The big data phenomenon requires a revolutionary approach to the technologies deployed to ensure that timely results are delivered to create value. However, the state-of-the-art techniques for multiple dimensions big data query are facing problems as the data expand and user access pattern changes. In this paper, we will propose an optimized storage model and index scheme to provide efficient query over big multiple dimension data and multiple query patterns. We implement our scheme on HBase by introducing four components in its master node. Taking pollutant concentration data in "Green Horizon" project as the test data, we conduct numerous experiments. Experiment results show that our proposed storage model and index can help provide obvious performance improvement on multiple different queries patterns over big multiple dimension data and also has good scalability as data expand.
Pulse Self-Compression in Femtosecond Filaments

In the current chapter, various theoretical and experimental aspects of pulse self-compression in femtosecond filaments are discussed. The main message of the theoretical part is that filamentary self-compression relies on fundamentally different mechanisms than traditional pulse compression schemes in single-mode-, microstructure-, photonic crystal- and gas filled hollow fibers.
A Fifty-nine Year Survey at Yale Reveals Freshmen are Becoming Younger, Heavier, and Taller

(1941). A Fifty-nine Year Survey at Yale Reveals Freshmen are Becoming Younger, Heavier, and Taller. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 707-711.
Changes in energy metabolism in response to 48 h of overfeeding and fasting in Caucasians and Pima Indians.

OBJECTIVE: Differences in the metabolic response to overfeeding and starvation may confer susceptibility or resistance to obesity in humans. To further examine this hypothesis, we assessed the changes in 24 h energy metabolism in response to short-term overfeeding and fasting in Caucasians (C) and Pima Indians (I), a population with a very high propensity for obesity. METHODS: We measured the changes in 24 h energy expenditure (24 -EE) and 24 h respiratory quotient (24-RQ) in response to 48 h of mixed diet overfeeding (100% above energy requirements) and fasting in a whole body respiratory chamber in 14 male subjects (7 C/7 I, age 30±6 y, mean±s.d.). Results were compared to a 24 h measurement under eucaloric conditions. RESULTS: Mean 24-EE increased in response to overfeeding and decreased in response to fasting (all changes P<0.01), with no differences between C (+9.1% and −9.1%) and I (+8.6% and −9.6%). Similarly, mean 24-RQ increased/decreased in response to overfeeding/fasting, respectively (all changes P<0.01), again with no differences between C (+0.06 and −0.05) and I (+0.05 and −0.05). The changes in 24-EE in response to overfeeding and fasting were positively correlated (r=0.70, P<0.01), whereas those in 24-RQ were not (r=0.40, NS). CONCLUSIONS: Pima Indians do not appear to have an impaired metabolic response to short-term overfeeding and fasting that could explain their propensity for obesity. Individuals with a large increase in energy expenditure in response to overfeeding appear to have a small decrease in energy expenditure in response to starvation (spendthrift phenotype) and vice versa (thrifty phenotype).
Short-term modulation of gonadotropin secretion by progesterone during the luteal phase * †

Progesterone (P) levels were acutely augmented by intravenous (IV) infusion in seven women in the midluteal phase to ascertain if short-term changes in P levels have an effect on gonadotropin secretion. During four 6-hour intervals of alternating control and IV P infusion, each subject underwent blood sampling for luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and P every 20 minutes for 24 hours. As a result of the P infusions, mean (±SE) P levels rose 72% from a control level of 26.24 ± 2.13 to 45.22 ± 3.47 nmol/L, whereas mean LH levels were reduced by 20% from a control level of 4.82 ± 0.67 to 3.85 ± 0.66 IU/L. During P infusions, mean LH pulse amplitude was reduced by 33% from 3.33 ± 0.37 to 2.23 ± 0.28 IU/L. The mean LH interpulse interval increased by 93% (2.56 ± 0.14 to 4.92 ± 0.15/h) when the interval between pulses was interdicted by the onset of P infusion. The infusion of P reduced mean FSH levels by 10% from 3.34 ± 0.41 to 3.01 ± 0.35 IU/L. These findings suggest that acute elevations in P levels within the physiological range have a short-term inhibitory effect on gonadotropin secretion during the midluteal phase.
Limited Blood Transfusions Are Safe in Orthopaedic Trauma Patients.

Objectives:Controversy exists over association of blood transfusions with complications. The purpose was to assess effects of limited transfusions on complication rates and hospital course.Setting:Level 1 trauma center.Patients and Methods:Three hundred seventy-one consecutive patients with Injury S
Choices in Treatment Integrity:Considering the Protocol and Consultant Recommendations in Child and Adolescent Therapy

Codifying a complex treatment intervention into a manual necessarily involves simplifying procedures, possibly resulting in developer and expert adaptations that align with but are not fully consistent with the manualized content. This study evaluated the integrity of an evidence-based treatment to two information sources (i.e., an expert consultant and the treatment manual) within youth community mental health settings. Consultant recommendations were compared with manual-prescribed therapy procedures, which identified instances of agreement between the sources as well as consultant adaptations. To determine clinicians’ integrity to each source, clinician-reported therapy procedures were compared with consultant recommendations and manual prescriptions. Participants consisted of 30 clinicians, five consultants, and 78 youths (53% male; M age = 9.73 years, SD = 2.84; 81% Latino). Findings indicated that consultants generally recommended content from the manual but also made frequent adaptations that invol...
Scientific Data Science and the Case for Open Access

“Open access” has become a central theme of journal reform in academic publishing. In this article, I examine the consequences of an important technological loophole in which publishers can claim to be adhering to the principles of open access by releasing articles in proprietary or “locked” formats that cannot be processed by automated tools, whereby even simple copy and pasting of text is disabled. These restrictions will prevent the development of an important infrastructural element of a modern research enterprise, namely, scientific data science, or the use of data analytic techniques to conduct meta-analyses and investigations into the scientific corpus. I give a brief history of the open access movement, discuss novel journalistic practices, and an overview of data-driven investigation of the scientific corpus. I argue that particularly in an era where the veracity of many research studies has been called into question, scientific data science should be one of the key motivations for open access publishing. The enormous benefits of unrestricted access to the research literature should prompt scholars from all disciplines to reject publishing models whereby articles are released in proprietary formats or are otherwise restricted from being processed by automated tools as part of a data science pipeline.
The use of hemodynamic support in massive pulmonary embolism

Massive pulmonary embolism is life threatening and can present as cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest. We report a case of a 47-year-old male who arrested during his postoperative hospitalization and was found to have a massive pulmonary embolism with bilateral involvement of the pulmonary arteries. Given his profound shock and right ventricular failure, an Impella RP was used to stabilize his acute right ventricular failure while percutaneous embolectomy and thrombolysis was used to treat the pulmonary embolism. The patient underwent the procedure successfully with reduction in vasopressors and thrombus burden and recovery of right ventricular function. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The microscopic model of BiFeO3

Abstract Many years and great effort have been spent constructing the microscopic model for the room temperature multiferroic BiFeO3. However, earlier models implicitly assumed that the cycloidal wavevector q was confined to one of the three-fold symmetric axes in the hexagonal plane normal to the electric polarization. Because recent measurements indicate that q can be rotated by a magnetic field, it is essential to properly treat the anisotropy that confines q at low fields. We propose that the anisotropy energy − K 3 S 6 sin 6 θ cos 6 ϕ confines the wavevectors q to the three-fold axis ϕ = 0 and ± 2 π / 3 within the hexagonal plane with θ = π / 2 .
The annular ligament—revisited

Background Studies investigating the annular ligament have presented confusing information about its anatomy and nomenclature. Cadaver elbow dissections were used to clarify the anatomy and terminology of the annular ligament. Methods Nineteen elbows were dissected (7 fresh frozen and 12 embalmed). Target structures were identified, photographed, and measured by independent observers. Results There are 3 layers to the lateral elbow ligaments: the superficial lateral ulnar collateral and radial collateral ligament; a deeper layer of the superior oblique band (SOB) and inferior oblique band (IOB) of the annular ligament; and the deepest capsular layer. The annular ligament measured 9.5 ± 1.4 mm anteriorly. The SOB (15/19) was 3.9 ± 1.0 mm wide by 10.5 ± 3.8 mm long. The IOB (13/19) was 3.6 ± 1.1 mm wide by 11.4 ± 4.2 mm long. The IOB inserts onto the anterior proximal ulna rather than the supinator crest. The anterior oblique band (8/19) was 3.8 ± 1.7 mm wide. Conclusion The SOB and IOB were present in the majority of specimens. The previously described accessory lateral collateral ligament is a localized thickening on the lateral ligament complex arising from the supinator insertion independent of the IOB that attaches to the annular ligament inferiorly and distally and attaches onto the proximal anterior ulna at the bicipital fossa floor, medial to the supinator crest.
Associations between subclinical depressive symptoms and reduced brain volume in middle-aged to older adults.

Objectives: The associations between subclinical depressive symptoms, as well specific symptom subscales, on brain structure in aging are not completely elucidated. This study investigated the exte...
Sequential evidence accumulation VIA integrating dempster-shafer reasoning and estimation theory

Integrating evidence from multiple sources has been heavily researched with various approaches such as Bayes and Dempster-Shafer (D-S) being widely adopted. Integrating evidence from a single sensor over time is becoming more common due to the Internet of Things (IoT). Researchers have often adopted these same mechanisms used for multi-source integration for integrating evidence over time. There are many issues with this approach, however, including the facts that time series are order dependent and that changes in the environment, due to a dynamic environment or due to assignable errors in the sensor measurements may cause significant evidential conflict. While methods such as D-S theory are suitable for multi-source evidence accumulation, we propose an alternate approach for sequential evidence accumulation. Our approach integrates the set theoretic nature of Dempster-Shafer theory with an estimation structure based on Kalman filtering. This approach is motivated both from traditional signal processing as well as from research in human psychology where a very similar filtering structure has been proposed for modeling human evidence accumulation. The approach is demonstrated to be effective using a smart airbag deployment system application.
Microbes in Marcellus Shale: Extremophiles living more than two kilometers inside the Earth?

Abstract Marcellus Shale drilling is a relatively new activity that has expanded natural gas resources in the United States. Although many assumed Marcellus Shale was sterile due to extreme conditions endured since deposition, conditions present in the shale today are within range where microorganisms can occur. Here, we consider whether some microbes seen in produced fluids from Marcellus Shale drilling may be native by comparing organisms found in core samples and produced fluids to those found in injected fluids from active wells in Pennsylvania. Illumina sequencing was used to identify organisms based on 16s rRNA barcoding regions of DNA extracts from Marcellus Shale samples. Identified microbial communities were then compared using principal components analysis and SourceTracker tools. Frequency of homology between sequences showed that produced fluids contained more microorganisms in common with shale cores than with injected fluids. Principal components analysis and SourceTracker corroborated these results. Possible native organisms found in these samples included radiotolerant extremophiles such as Deinococcus radiodurans. This work suggests that deep subsurface Marcellus Shale, previously believed sterile, may contain native microorganisms, which may have been deposited during the original deposition or migrated into the deep subsurface Marcellus during a more recent water influx. Additional investigation is recommended.
Mechanical and optical properties of the copolymers of perfluoro(2-methylene-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane) and chlorotrifluoroethylene

Abstract Aiming at improving the flexibility of polymer films, the copolymers of perfluoro(2-methylene-4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane) (PFMMD) and chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) with different compositions were prepared by radical polymerization using perfluorobenzoyl peroxide (PFBP) as the initiator, and their thermal, mechanical, and optical characteristics were investigated. These copolymers are amorphous, soluble in fluorinated solvents, with glass transition temperatures (Tgs) in the range of 100–135 °C, and thermally stable to near 400 °C. Stress-strain curves of polymer films were obtained and tensile strength as well as Young’s modulus were calculated. Film flexibility and elongation are improved with increasing fraction of CTFE in the copolymers. The copolymer films have low refractive indices (1.33–1.40) and exhibit extraordinary optical transmittance within the visible and near-infrared regions. The copolymers are promising materials for applications including plastic optical fibers, waveguides, and anti-reflective coating.
EARLY DETECTION OF ANTHRACYCLINE CARDIOTOXICITY IN POPULATIONS WITH PREVALENT UNRELATED CARDIAC DISORDERS

Detection of anthracycline cardiotoxicity remains controversial. If large left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) and/or strain(S) and S rate(SR) reductions are required, diagnosis is late and reversibility limited. Further, older populations have many unrelated cardiac disorders. We examined the
Growth Periodicity for Container-Grown Red and Freeman Maple Cultivars in AHS Heat-Zone 8

Abstract Growth patterns of seven red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and three Freeman maple (Acer x freemanii E. Murray) cultivars grown in containers in Alabama were evaluated using monthly destructive h...
The Formation of Postsecondary Expectations Among Parents of Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Research suggests higher parent expectations can predict more independent outcomes of youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet little is known about how parents’ expectations are formed. To g...
Protein expression of EZH2 significantly increased in colorectal cancer compared with adjacent normal epithelium: A manual and quantitative image analyses

5438 Background: The enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) is a member of the polycomb group of genes and is involved in cell cycle regulation. Strong EZH2 protein expression has been documented as a marker of invasion and proliferation in a variety of malignant tumors. In colorectal cancer (CRC), however, the status of EZH2 is not clear. In this pilot study, for the first time the immunohistochemical expression of EZH2 protein in invasive colorectal carcinomas has been evaluated. Design: We generated a tissue microarray (TMA) with 85 specimens from 38 cases that included CRC and adjacent histologically normal epithelium. Immunohistochemical staining wasperformed using a DAKO immunostainer with the rabbit anti-EZH2 antibody (18-7395; 1:200, Zymed). The manual semiquantitative analysis was based on the evaluation of the intensity of nuclearreaction for EZH2 and the percentage of tumor cells stained positive and categorized in 4-tier system as negative (0), weakly positive (1+), moderatelypositive (2+) or strongly positive (3+). Two quantitative types of scores were generated using Automated Cellular Imaging System (ACIS, Clarient): an automated score (ACIS-Auto) and an ACIS-assisted score. Aperio ScanScope and TMALab software for nuclear algorithm were applied as an additional type of quantification. Automatically generated measurements were then translated into the 4-tier system to compare with semiquantitative analysis. Scores were compared between CRC and normal epithelium using sign-rank test. Receivers operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to quantify the accuracy of 4 methods to discriminate tumor and normal tissue. Results: Normal colorectal epithelium was moderately and weakly positive for EZH2 expression in 61% (22/36) and 33% (12/36) specimens, respectively. No strongly positive staining has been detected. In contrast, CRC showed strong EZH2 immunostaining in 55% (21/38) of cases and moderate expression in 42% (16/38) cases. Moreover, higher EZH2 expression in CRC specimens versus normal epithelium was significant by all 4 scoring methods (p≤0.0001). According to ROC analysis, semiquantitative and ACIS-assisted methods were the most accurate. Conclusions: Significant increase in EZH2 expression in CRC versus to adjacent normal colonic epithelium detected in our study suggests the involvement of EZH2 in CRC tumor progression. Interactions between the EZH2 and otherpredictive and prognostic markers will be investigated on larger cohort. The most effective way for the evaluation of novel biomarkers in cancer on TMAs is the combination of computer-assisted methods with pathologist-based verification of each image.
Utilization practices of low molecular weight heparin in pediatric patients with acquired and congenital heart disease

Abstract Background Enoxaparin is a commonly used anticoagulant for treatment of thrombosis in pediatric patients. Its use in pediatric cardiac patients has not been well described. We sought to examine the utilization trends, dosing, and safety of enoxaparin in pediatric cardiac patients. Methods Retrospective study of pediatric cardiac patients treated with enoxaparin from 2011 to 2018. Starting and final doses of enoxaparin, number of dose adjustments, and time to therapeutic anti-factor Xa level were compared between age groups utilizing the Kruskal Wallis test with the Dunn test for pairwise comparisons. Results Seventy-one patients were treated with 77 courses of enoxaparin. Most enoxaparin courses were started on patients aged >12 months (40%) and for arterial thrombosis (22 patients, 29%). The most common cardiac diagnosis was hypoplastic left heart syndrome (12 patients, 17%). The mean final dose of enoxaparin was significantly different when comparing patients 0–3-month, 3–12 month, and >12 months (2.1 ± 0.5 mg/kg vs. 1.5 ± 0.4 mg/kg vs. 1.2 ± 1.4 mg/kg, respectively; p 12-month age group (0.4 ± 0.4 mg/kg vs. 0.4 ± 0.4 mg/kg vs. 0.1 ± 0.3 mg/kg, respectively; p 12 months (2.2 ± 1.6 vs. 1.4 ± 1.4, p = 0.02). Antiplatelet therapy was used in 74% of courses. Adverse events were rare and had no relationship to antiplatelet use. Conclusions Enoxaparin is an effective and safe anticoagulant in pediatric cardiac patients. Initial enoxaparin dosing should be increased from current recommended doses in patients between 3 and 12 months of age to achieve more timely therapeutic anticoagulation.
Identification of risk and protective human leukocyte antigens in COVID-19 using genotyping and structural modeling

COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The severity of COVID-19 is highly variable and related to known (e.g., age, obesity, immune deficiency) and unknown risk factors. Since innate and adaptive immune responses are elicited in COVID-19 patients, we genotyped 94 Florida patients with confirmed COVID-19 and 89 healthy controls. We identified an HLA gene, HLA-DPA1, in which specific alleles were associated with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 positivity and COVID-19 disease. HLA-DPA1*01:03 was associated with reduced incidence of SARS-CoV-2 positivity, whereas HLA-DPA1*03:01 was associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 positivity. These data suggest a model in which COVID-19 severity is influenced by immunodominant peptides derived from SARS-CoV-2 preferentially presented by specific HLA-DP molecules to either protective (for asymptomatic COVID-19) or pathogenic T cells (in severe COVID-19). Although this study is limited to comparing SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative subjects, these data suggest that HLA typing of COVID-19 patients stratified for disease severity may be informative for identifying biomarkers and disease mechanisms in high-risk individuals.
Pandemic Pedagogy: Lessons Learned Teaching Asian American Studies in Spring 2020

This essay offers advice for building a student-oriented pandemic pedagogy adapted for remote learning that draws from instructor and teaching assistant experiences from teaching a large lecture class at UCLA in spring 2020. We suggest strategies for a student-oriented virtual classroom that fosters engagement through relatability, accessibility, and compassion. In particular, we offer an ethnic studies pandemic pedagogy that centers taking care of your students and yourself in a historic moment of uncertainty and anxiety spurred by the pandemic, growing anti-Asian racism, and the movement for Black lives.
Breast cancer survival in African-American women by hormone receptor subtypes

Breast cancer accounts for over 200,000 annual cases among women in the United States, and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. However, few studies have investigated the association between breast cancer subtype and survival among African-American women. We analyzed cancer-related deaths among African-American women using data obtained from the SEER database linked to the 2000 U.S. census data. We examined distribution of baseline socio-demographic and clinical characteristics by breast cancer subtypes and used Cox proportional hazard models to determine associations between breast cancer subtypes and cancer-related mortality, adjusting for age, socio-economic status, stage at diagnosis, and treatment. Among 19,836 female breast cancer cases, 54.4% were diagnosed with the HER2-/HR+ subtype, with the majority of those cases occurring among women ages 55 and older. However, after adjusting for age, stage, and treatment type (surgery, radiation, or no radiation and/or cancer-directed surgery), TNBC (HR 2.34; 95% CI 1.95-2.81) and HER2+/HR- (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.08-1.79) cases had significantly higher hazards of cancer-related deaths compared with HER2+/HR+ cases. Adjusting for socio-economic status did not significantly alter these associations. African-American women with TNBC were more likely to have a cancer-related death than African-American women with other breast cancer subtypes. This association remained after adjustments for age, stage, treatment, and socio-economic status. Further studies are needed to identify subtype-specific risk and prognostic factors aimed at better informing prevention efforts for all women.
Obesity medications: what does the future look like?

Purpose of reviewLifestyle modification remains the mainstay of treatment for obesity despite the lack of substantial long-term efficacy. For many who do not respond to lifestyle therapy and are not candidates for weight loss surgery, pharmacotherapy is a viable treatment option. Advances in underst
A framework for communication planning on mobile devices

In mobile computing, communicative acts are not free. Costs such as power and bandwidth consumption are prominent issues. In addition, resources vary widely across hardware and operating context. Agents in these settings must account for these costs and adapt to available capabilities. This poster presents a planning optimization formalization of this problem, enabling service-based agents to reason about and conduct communication using local and network accessible resources.
Numerical Solution of a Gasification Problem

A problem of gasification and heating of a solid due to the action of an external energy source is discussed. The problem involves a moving boundary when the solid gasifies. At parts of the boundary where gasification is taking place, a model problem looks very much like the one-phase Stefan problem with an energy source at the moving boundary. However, any gas produced is assumed to blow away immediately, and there is no conduction to the solid from the outside, even when the surface temperature of the solid is below the gasification temperature. Accordingly, if the temperature is extended to a function defined over all space by setting it equal to the gasification temperature outside, the temperature will not necessarily be continuous at the boundary, and instead a Neumann condition may be satisfied there. Also, no resolidification is possible, so that the region occupied by the solid cannot increase. Thus, one has the possibility of a situation in which the boundary may alternately move and be stationary.
Layered space-time complex field coding: full-diversity with full-rate, and tradeoffs

Multi-antenna systems allow for a significant increase in the transmission rate of coherent wireless transmissions over flat Rayleigh fading channels. Various multi-antenna designs have been developed in recent years targeting either high-performance, or, high rate. We design a layered space-time (ST) scheme equipped with linear complex field (LCF) coding, which enables full diversity with full rate, for any number of transmit- and receive-antennas. Furthermore, we delineate the tradeoff between diversity and rate in the class of layered ST schemes, when sub-optimal decoding is employed. Our theoretical claims are confirmed by simulations.
IBM AS/400 processor technology

The architecture of the IBM AS/400 processor has unique silicon performance and density requirements which are addressed with 12.7 mm CMOS ASIC chips utilizing 0.8 mu m lithography and 0.5 mu m channel lengths. The I/O performance and high simultaneous switch requirements for the processor are resolved with a high performance, ceramic, multi-chip module and digital slope controlled off-chip drivers. Four phase clocks are implemented to meet functional requirements. The system clock skews were minimized through a distributed phase-lock-loop and an automated procedure to balance clocks on the logic chips. The larger processor to I/O device distance requirements led to the implementation of a serial fiber optic link as the I/O bus extender. The underlying requirements for all of the technologies utilized in the AS/400 were high quality and high productivity. >
Genetic characterization of mutations which affect catabolite-sensitive operons in Escherichia coli, including deletions of the gene for adenyl cyclase.

Sixty-two spontaneous mutations have been characterized which reduce the level of expression of catabolite-sensitive operons. These mutations appear to affect either the crp (catabolite gene activator protein) or cya (adenyl cyclase) loci. No new loci have been discovered. Deletions of the cya gene do not remove an essential function. φ80 transducing phage for the cya gene have been used to do recombination and complementation studies on cya mutants.
Inductance and SSN performance comparison of a 225 plastic BGA and a 208 plastic QFP

This paper focuses on the simultaneous switching noise (SSN) performance comparison between two compatible packages: a conventional leadframe plastic 208 QFP and a plastic 225 BGA with planar designed structures for power and ground. Self and mutual lead inductance (L) of the 208 QFP, hence its L matrix, was experimentally characterized by using a network analyzer based measurement technique. The same technique and formulation were extended to characterize the power and ground L of the 225 BGA which consists of multiple sources/sinks planar structures. To compare their SSN performance, the effective L of these two packages was calculated from the measured self/mutual L and power/ground L data by assuming certain switching conditions and pin assignments. It was discovered that effective L of the leadframe QFP decreases proportionally with increasing number of assigned power/ground pins, but effective L of the planar designed BGA does not exhibit this trend due to the current sharing and crowding in its power/ground planes. The study was further extended by constructing complete circuit models of these two packages including connection to bond wire, driver, chip power bus, and board-level interconnect models for full SPICE simulations.
The Effects of Omissions and Substitutions of Selected Consonants on Intelligibility

Three groups of 10 naive university students were presented taped speech samples (sentences) of the speech of elementary school children. Each sentence contained one articulatory error (omission or substitution) of one of six consonants under study (/r/, /θ/, /z/, /d3/, /s/, and ltn/). The subjects wrote down what they understood each speaker to say in each of the 72 sentences. Results indicate that in order to compare omissions and substitutions in their effect on intelligibility, each must be qualified by phoneme. Errors on all phonemes do not affect intelligibility to the same degree. The differences between phonemes, however, are not meaningful until qualified by error type. Of the twelve phonemes-by-error type studied, /z/ substitutions, /r/ substitutions, and /r/ omissions impeded intelligibility the least. The /θ/ omissions impeded intelligibility more than /z/ and /r/ substitutions and /r/ omissions but significantly less than the other phonemes by error type considered. The /d3/*** substitutions, /θ/ substitutions, /t n/ substitutions, /z/ omissions, /s/ substitutions, and /s/ omissions were homogeneous and impaired intelligibility more than the other phonemes-by-error type considered.
Wall-to-platform migration in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry Part 1. Investigation of the mechanism of chloride interference on thallium

Abstract In wall-to-platform migration, the sample aliquot is pipetted onto the graphite furnace wall. Heating of the furnace then causes migration of the analyte from the wall to the platform. This technique permitted the atomic absorption signal for 1 ng of thallium to be separated in time from the background absorption signal from 10 μg of a sodium chloride matrix. This precluded interference through a gas-phase reaction or through expulsion loss of analyte, since they would require analyte and matrix to be present in the gas phase at the same time. Hence, it was concluded that interference by chloride occurred in the condensed phase. A refinement of wall-to-platform migration, called the “two-platform method”, permitted an examination of the temperature dependence of analyte migration from the wall to the platform, and hence the stage of furnace heating when interference occurred. This showed that interference occurred between condensed-phase species, at temperatures from 500 to 700°C, during the pyrolysis stage of the furnace heating cycle.
Rates of evolution in Paleocene-Eocene mammals of the Clarks Fork Basin, Wyoming, and a comparison with Neoghene Siwalik lineages of Pakistan

Abstract Rates of size change are quantified in 19 species-level evolutionary lineages of Clarks Fork Basin Paleocene and early Eocene mammals. Intrinsic rates of change in Clarks Fork Basin lineages range from about 10−0.1 to 10−3.4 haldanes (standard deviations per generation), with a median rate of about 10−1.1 haldanes. These values are in the usual range of intrinsic rates commonly seen in other settings. Temporal scaling slopes indicate that seven of the 19 Clarks Fork Basin lineages were stable over time (37%), five were stable with a random component (26%), four were indistinguishable from random (21%), two were directional with a random component (11%), and one lineage cannot be classified. Clarks Fork Basin mammalian species have mean durations of about 0.95 m.y. and median durations of about 0.76 m.y. Intrinsic rates of size change are similar to those for Miocene Siwalik mammals, but the average species duration is less than one-half the average for Siwalik mammals.
INFLUENCE OF PRESTORAGE CARBON DIOXIDE TREATMENTS ON THE QUALITY OF ‘d'ANJOU’ AND ‘BARTLETT’ PEARS

‘dilnjou ’ and ‘Bartlett ’ pears (Pyrus communis L.1 were treated with 12 % CO, for 14 days at -1C and then stored in either regular (RA) or controlledatmosphere (CA) storage for various periods of time. Afer each storage period, pears were evaluated for quality attributes. Compared to nontreated hit, C0,treated ‘d ‘Anjou ’ pears from RA storage were firmer, greener, and dispIayed reduced rot, scald and internal breakdown and better pedicel condition. High CO, treatment of ‘Bartlett ’ pears prior to RA storage resulted in reduced quality afer storage. Prestorage CO, treatment of ‘Bartlett ’ pears reduced poststorage flrmness and TA and increased incidence of scald, but reduced surface damage during ripening. High CO, treatment prior to 120 or 220 days of CA storage had
Word comprehension facilitates object individuation in 10- and 11-month-old infants.

Abstract The present study investigated the role that comprehending words for objects plays in 10- and 11-month-old infants' ability to individuate those objects in a spatiotemporally ambiguous event. To do this, we employed an object individuation task in which infants were familiarized to two objects coming in and out from behind a screen in alternation, and then the screen was removed to reveal either both or only one of the objects. Results show that only when 10- and 11-month-olds comprehend words for both objects seen do they exhibit looking behavior that is consistent with object individuation (i.e., looking longer when one of the objects is surreptitiously removed). Neither level of object permanence reasoning nor overall receptive vocabulary had an effect on performance in the object individuation task, indicating that the effect was specific to the immediate parameters of the situation, and not a function of overall precocity on the part of the succeeding infants. These results suggest that comprehending the words for occluded/disoccluded objects provides a kind of “glue” which allows infants to bind the mental index of an object with its perceptual features (thus precipitating the formation of two mental indexes, rather than one). They further suggest that a shift from object indexing driven by the where (dorsal) system to one which is driven by integration of the ventral and dorsal neural systems, usually not observed until 12 months of age, can be facilitated by word comprehension in 10- and 11-month-old infants.
Aortic dissection presenting as concomitant stroke and STEMI

Aortic dissection is a disease of immediate consequence,as mortality of a proximal dissection is in excess of 50% when left untreated. Early recognition of the dissection event can lead to faster definitive correction with surgical and/or novel percutaneous approaches. Widely varying signs and symptoms can, however, make this diagnosis a challenge, further complicated by the fact that no specific imaging modality is ideal, nor immediately available, in all cases. Care must be taken inpatients where methodical evaluation is difficult,including physical exam, standard electrocardiogram and chest X-ray, before more definitive imaging. This is a case of aortic dissection that is presented as concomitant ST elevation myocardial infarction and embolic stroke, in which the patient received thrombolytics before diagnosis of the dissection itself. This arguably may have worsened her clinical course.