cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Troponin T and N-Terminal-Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptides In Two Models of Treatment Related Mortality In AL Amyloidosis Patients Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation

Abstract 3572 High dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is an effective treatment for light chain amyloidosis (AL) but high treatment related mortality (TRM) limits its use. Both cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) are sensitive predictors of high risk patients. Aim of this study is to compare two models of TRM, one using cTnT and the other BNP. Patients who underwent ASCT between 7/1996 and 7/2009 at the Mayo Clinic were analyzed retrospectively. Variables were chosen for ease of measurement and reproducibility thus echocardiographic parameters were excluded. Each additional risk factor must contribute to a significant increase in TRM. Also, since NT-pro-BNP and cTnT are already highly associated with mortality, the other risk factors must be independent predictors. Univariate analysis revealed serum albumin, B-2-microglobulin, cTnT, NT-pro-BNP, and uric acid were associated with TRM while age, sex, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine, CRP, proteinuria were not (Table 1). Multivariate analysis showed albumin and uric acid were independent risk factors to cTnT and NT-pro-BNP (Table 2). Of the 412 patients, 347 (8.9% TRM) could be evaluated by the cTnT, albumin and uric acid (TAU) model and 282 (9.2%) TRM could be evaluated by the NT-pro-BNP, albumin, uric acid (BAU) model. Both models showed increasing TRM with additional risk factors beyond 1 risk factor (Table 3 and 4). Albumin and uric acid were found to be significant contributors in both models. Patients with elevated cTnT alone had a 0% TRM vs 23.4% if they had 1 additional risk factor, p = 0.03. Similarly, TRM was 3.7% in patients with elevated NT-pro-BNP alone but 18.0% if they had 1 other risk factor, p = 0.05. NT-pro-BNP and cTnT could not be used in the same model because cTnT becomes non-significant. Both models were superior to visceral organ involvement which had TRM of 5.3% with 1, 9.2% with 2 and 16.7% with 3 organ involvement. Both models were also predictive of overall survival (Figure 1 and Figure 1b). Our results show that these models show that albumin and uric acid with either cTnT or NT-pro-BNP can accurately predict TRM in AL patients undergoing ASCT. Multivariate analysis shows that the NT-pro-BNP containing model may be superior since cTnT loses it significance when added to the model. Our results suggest these models could be very helpful in identifying high risk patients not suitable for ASCT. Disclosures: Kumar:Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium: Research Funding; Merck: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Genzyme: Consultancy, Research Funding; Cephalon: Research Funding. Dispenzieri:Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Binding Site: Honoraria. Lacy:Celgene: Research Funding.
Abstract 433: Hydrogen Sulfide Protects the Heart Against Homocysteine-Induced Remodeling by Regulating Autophagy and Pyroptosis

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a byproduct of homocysteine (Hcy) transsulfuration, protects against adverse cardiac remodeling in diabetic cardiomyopathy, hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy), and other cardiomyop...
Fracking controversies: Enhancing public trust in local government through energy justice

Abstract Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) are a policy tool for local governments to gain more control over unconventional oil and gas development. MOUs ideally empower local governments to minimize potential risks by negotiating more stringent best management practices directly with the operators, who benefit from a more stable regulatory landscape. This study investigates the energy justice dimensions of these MOUs as they were negotiated in the midst of community conflicts in Colorado. By comparing two communities whose local governments differently managed the public meetings, our analysis points to the significance of the everyday practices of government representatives for promoting recognition and procedural justice. We track the expressions of trust and mistrust expressed by the “interested public” who actively participated in the meetings to better understand the shifting relationships among those citizens, state and local government, and industry. In the community where local government representatives facilitated recognition and procedural justice, the conflict ended with stronger expressions of trust in that government than in the other community. Expressions of trust in industry and state government remained negative or worsened in both communities.
Classification of Shark Behaviors using K-Nearest Neighbors

In this paper, we aim to ascertain the behavior of California horn sharks (Heterodontus francisci) based on accelerometer data using a machine learning algorithm called K-Nearest Neighbors. We use digital signal processing techniques such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to represent the accelerometer signal in the frequency domain which reduces the data size required for training the classifier, the computation time and the memory resources needed, in addition to improving model accuracy. The shark behavior is classified into four classes namely Resting, Swimming, Feeding and Non-Directed Motion. We compare different combinations of time and frequency domain data on the performance of the algorithm. It is shown that the transform domain data considerably improved the accuracy of the classifier.
Estimating the Prevalence of COVID-19 in the United States: Three Complementary Approaches

MS is partially supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01GM130668. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.
Adverse childhood experiences and lifetime adverse maternal outcomes (gestational diabetes and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Abstract Purpose Childhood adversity is associated with increased risk of adult disease, including type II diabetes and hypertension. However, little is known about potential associations between childhood adversity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and ever experiencing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) in a cohort of Hispanic or Latina women. Methods We analyzed data from 2319 women from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos who had ever given birth to a liveborn infant. We fit separate logistic regression models accounting for sample weights to examine the association between ACEs and risk of GDM and HDP adjusting for Hispanic/Latino background, age at immigration to the United States, and education. Results Women who reported four or more ACEs did not show increased odds of GDM or HDP compared with those who reported three or fewer (GDM adjusted odds ratio: 0.8 [0.5, 1.3]; HDP adjusted OR: 1.0 [0.7, 1.5]). Conclusions Unlike previous research with majority non-Hispanic White cohorts, there was no association between ACEs and GDM or HDP. Future research should explore if this relationship varies by race/ethnicity in multiethnic cohorts.
No Future in Sakurai Ami’s Tumorōzu songu: Gender and Body, Past and Present

This paper analyzes Sakurai Ami’s novel Tomorrow’s Song (1999). The novel is unusual in Japanese literature for its attention to HIV, which even today remains little acknowledged in social discourse. My interest is in the ways in which Sakurai figures the virus vis-a-vis protagonist Akari’s singular devotion to counter-hegemonic ways of living, including drug use, unprotected sex, and alcoholism. My argument is that Sakurai uses HIV to advance a subtle petition for conformity.
Early Patellofemoral Cartilage and Bone Degeneration in a Rat Model of Noninvasive Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture

ABSTRACT Background Anterior cruciate ligament rupture (ACLR) is a well-known risk factor for the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). While clinical and pre-clinical studies have characterized the onset and progression of PTOA in the tibiofemoral joint compartment, very little is known about degenerative changes in the patellofemoral compartment after ACL injury. Hypothesis/Purpose To evaluate the extent to which ACL rupture induces acute patellofemoral joint degeneration by quantifying articular cartilage morphology and remodeling of subchondral and trabecular bone microarchitecture in the patellofemoral compartment. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Methods Adult female Lewis rats were randomized to undergo either a non-surgical ACL rupture or a Sham procedure (n = 6 per group). Ex vivo contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography (µCT) and histological evaluation of the patellofemoral compartment were performed at 2-weeks post-injury, representing a timepoint of documented early PTOA in the tibiofemoral compartment in this model. Results ACL rupture causes osteophyte formation in the patella and mild degeneration in the superficial zone of articular cartilage (AC), including surface fibrillation, fissures, increased cellularity, and abnormal chondrocyte clustering at two weeks post-injury. Contrast-enhanced µCT analysis demonstrates significant increases in AC thickness of patellar and trochlear cartilage. Loss of subchondral bone thickness, bone volume fraction, and tissue mineral density, as well as changes to trabecular microarchitecture in both the patella and trochlea, were indicative of catabolic bone remodeling. Conclusion These results demonstrate that the patellofemoral joint develops mild but evident degenerative changes in the acute time period following ACL rupture, extending the utility of this rat model to the study of degenerative patellofemoral changes following joint trauma. Clinical Relevance ACL rupture causes mild degeneration and swelling of articular cartilage, coupled with catabolic bone remodeling in the patellofemoral compartment. Characterizing the pathophysiology of patellofemoral PTOA in its early stages may provide a better understanding of disease progression and provide opportunities for preventative therapeutic intervention.
Fentanyl and other opioid involvement in methamphetamine-related deaths

Background Methamphetamine-related deaths have been rising along with those involving synthetic opioids, mostly fentanyl and fentanyl analogs (FAs). However, the extent to which methamphetamine involvement in deaths differs from those changes occurring in synthetic opioid involvement is unknown. Objectives To determine the patterns and temporal changes in methamphetamine-related deaths with and without other drug involvement. Methods Data from all methamphetamine-related deaths in West Virginia from 2013 to 2018 were analyzed. Quasi-Poisson regression analyses over time were conducted to compare the rates of change in death counts among methamphetamine and fentanyl//FA subgroups. Results A total of 815 methamphetamine-related deaths were analyzed; 572 (70.2%) were male and 527 (64.7%) involved an opioid. The proportion of methamphetamine only deaths stayed relatively flat over time although the actual numbers of deaths increased. Combined fentanyl/FAs and methamphetamine were involved in 337 deaths (41.3%) and constituted the largest increase from 2013 to 2018. The modeling of monthly death counts in 2017-2018 found that the average number of deaths involving fentanyl without methamphetamine significantly declined (rate of change -0.025, p Conclusions Fentanyl and FAs played an increasingly significant role in methamphetamine-related deaths. The accelerating number of deaths involving fentanyl/FAs and methamphetamine indicates the importance of stimulants and opioids in unintentional deaths. Comprehensive surveillance efforts should continue to track substance use patterns to ensure that appropriate prevention programs are undertaken.
WEATHER SPECIFIC NOISE ABATEMENT PROCEDURES : A CASE STUDY OF DEPARTURE PROCEDURES FOR RUNWAY 4R AT BOSTON LOGAN AIRPORT

Although weather is a significant factor in the noise impact of aircraft operations, noise abatement procedures have traditionally been designed for “an average day.” In this paper, we present the details of NOISIM (a model that is used to predict the effects of weather on aircraft noise) and show through a validation study that the model accurately predicts measured noise levels (the model predicted peak noise levels were within 3 dBA in 95% of the cases and sound exposure levels were within 1 dBA in 95% of the cases). We then use the model to determine the effect of weather on aircraft noise impact and illustrate how knowledge of these relationships might enable changes in flight procedures. First, a parametric study is used to illustrate the significant effect that weather has on aircraft performance and noise propagation, and to provide motivation for more explicit consideration of weather in both the design and selection (in daily operation) of noise abatement procedures. Second, a case study of the ...
Guidelines for Beginning and Maintaining a Toy Lending Library

Toy lending libraries can provide a valuable service for families with young children. The establishment of these toy libraries requires thought and planning to be successful. Some suggestions are provided to help individuals who may be considering setting up such a program.
Overexpression of torsinA in PC12 cells protects against toxicity

Childhood-onset dystonia is an autosomal dominant movement disorder associated with a three base pair (GAG) deletion mutation in the DYT1 gene. This gene encodes a novel ATP-binding protein called torsinA, which in the central nervous system is expressed exclusively in neurons. Neither the function of torsinA nor its role in the pathophysiology of DYT1 dystonia is known. In order to better understand the cellular functions of torsinA, we established PC12 cell lines overexpressing wild-type or mutant torsinA and subjected them to various conditions deleterious to cell survival. Treatment of control PC12 cells with an inhibitor of proteasomal activity, an oxidizing agent, or trophic withdrawal, resulted in cell death, whereas PC12 cells that overexpressed torsinA were significantly protected against each of these treatments. Overexpression of mutant torsinA failed to protect cells against trophic withdrawal. These results suggest that torsinA may play a protective role in neurons against a variety of cellular insults.
Adsorption of anions on ultrathin metal deposits on single-crystal electrodes: Part 3. Voltammetric and radiochemical study of bisulfate adsorption on Pt(111) and Pt(poly) electrodes containing silver adatoms

Abstract Radiochemical and electrochemical results for the adsorption of bisulfate on underpotentially deposited silver on Pt(111) are presented. In the extreme negative and positive electrode potential ranges investigated, silver is deposited as a clean metal phase or silver oxide phase, respectively. The latter phase is most probably intermixed with clean silver and platinum oxides. When the charge needed for surface oxidation is accounted for, the net charge in the underpotential deposition range corresponds to two monolayers of silver. Enhanced adsorption of bisulfate on the thin silver deposits attains a saturation coverage at 10 −5 M sulfuric acid in 0.1 M perchloric acid. Despite the strong adsorption, bisulfate anions rapidly exchange with bulk anions, which attests to a dynamic character of adsorption. The rate of surface to bulk bisulfate exchange on silver deposited on platinum does not differ (on the time-scale of our method) from that on a solid silver electrode, which allows us to conclude that the surface properties of these two different silver substrates are similar. Bisulfate adsorption on platinum-stabilized silver oxide is weaker than on the clean silver deposit. Complementary data on bisulfate adsorption on clean Pt(111), Pt(poly) and solid silver electrodes are also presented and discussed.
Image-based and sketch-based modeling of plants and trees

In this short paper, I outline representative techniques for modeling plants and trees using images and sketches. Image-based approaches have the distinct advantage that the resulting model inherits the realistic shape and complexity of a real plant or tree. Using sketches to produce tree models relies much more on prior knowledge of tree construction but makes the modeling process intuitive and easy.
Self-Assembly of Unusual Nanoparticle Crystals

Regular particles of any size, from atoms to colloids, can form crystals. Manipulation of their charges allows control of crystal structure and can be extended to nanoparticle self assembly.
Three-dimensional simulations of electron beams focused by periodic permanent magnets

Summary form only given. A fully three-dimensional (3D) modal of an electron beam focused by a periodic permanent magnet (PPM) stack has been developed. First, the simulation code MAFIA was used to model a PPM stack using the magnetostatic solver. The exact geometry of the magnetic focusing structure was modeled; thus, no approximations were made regarding the off-axis fields. The fields from the static solver were loaded into the 3D particle-in-cell (PIC) solver of MAFIA where fully 3D behavior of the beam was simulated in the magnetic focusing field. Simulation results including beam current density, percent ripple and percent transmission will be presented, and the effects current, magnetic focusing strength and thermal velocities have on beam behavior will be demonstrated using 3D movies showing the evolution of beam characteristics in time and space. Unlike typical beam optics models, this 3D model allows simulation of asymmetric designs such as non-circularly symmetric electrostatic or magnetic focusing as well as the inclusion of input/output couplers.
Dependence of mask-defect printability and printability criteria on lithography process resolution

The industry traditionally uses a single number, the change in the printed line width, to quantify mask defect printability. The measurement of this change is done in the direction perpendicular to a main feature, usually a line. We often ignore the extent of the printed defect parallel to the line even though our intuition tells us it will also contribute to the impact of the defect. If the lithography resolution improves the defects will be better resolved and their printed image will more closely approximate the shape of the defect. This leads to an increase in the line width change of the defect. This leads to very high defect printability in the case of high k1 lithographies, such as extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL). Thus, traditional methods of quantifying printability will lead to very stringent mask defect specs for capable lithographies with low mask error enhancement factors. We present an analysis of the electrical impact of gate layer defects and derive an expression that takes the printed defect extent in both directions into consideration. Since the printed defect extent parallel to the line depends on the lithography resolution and, therefore, the lithography process k1 factor, the electrical impact of the mask defect can be shown to be dependent on k1. Finally, we will present a mask defect criterion with explicit k1 dependence and discuss its implication to EUVL.
The Black radical tradition - theory and practice: Black studies and the scholarship of Cedric Robinson

Cedric Robinson’s scholarship and radical pedagogy are explored here, within the context of the development of Black studies in the US academy and the challenge that this posed to the ‘master narratives’ of Eurocentric scholarship. The emergence of Robinson’s works and his development of the concept of racial capitalism were integral to the political thrust of Black studies. His Black Marxism, in particular, not only identified and analysed earlier major radical theorists of the Black condition, but also located a hitherto subterranean, yet always existent and insistent, Black radical tradition. The continuing influence of Robinson’s historical and philosophical works on subsequent scholarship is outlined, as is the importance of creating a sustainable community of scholars to carry on the radical tradition.
Predicting canopy and trunk cross-sectional area of silver linden (Tilia tomentosa) in confined planting cutouts

Abstract Urbanized land is characterized by the dominance of paved surfaces. Increasing tree canopy in urbanized areas has been identified as an effective way to reduce stormwater runoff, sequester carbon, improve air and water quality, and otherwise mitigate the environmental impacts and increase the livability of cities. However, attaining sufficient tree canopy in urban areas remains an elusive goal. Site design characteristics such as cutout size may limit urban tree growth and complicate efforts to predict future canopy, especially in highly paved systems such as parking lots. We studied 25 silver lindens (Tilia tomentosa Moench) grown for 14 years at one site, in pavement cutouts of various sizes. Regression analysis, even on these limited data, indicated a strong relationship between tree size and canopy projection area and unpaved soil surface area, but not soil depth. Cutout size explained 70% of the variability in tree canopy projection area and 77% of the variability in trunk cross-sectional area. The addition of other variables, such as soil bulk density, did not improve the model. Trees growing in parking lot cutouts
Intensity of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in a Human Population Is Inversely Correlated with Antibody Response to SmW68, a Protective Parasite Antigen

Vaccination with SmW68, a Schistosoma mansoni surface antigen, significantly protects mice against challenge infection. To investigate the vaccine potential of SmW68 in clinical schistosomiasis, human antibody response to SmW68 was studied as a function of intensity of infection in a chronically infected Egyptian population. In 85 serum samples obtained randomly from families in El Gazairy (population 1,310), antibody to SmW68 (determined by ELISA) was found to increase significantly with age, reaching a plateau at 15-19 y, 1-5 y after peak prevalence and intensity of infection. Among infected individuals (n = 54), antibody response showed a significant inverse correlation (r = -.28, P less than .04) with intensity of infection. In isotype analysis, a higher IgM but not IgG response was significantly associated with low parasite burden. These studies demonstrate that significant antibody response to SmW68 could occur in chronically infected humans. Whether parasite burdens suppress circulating levels of antibody to SmW68 or whether enhanced antibody response to SmW68 represents acquired protective humoral immunity remains to be determined.
The origin of the nurse chamber in ovaries ofMiastor (Diptera: Cecidomyidae)

The nurse chamber inMiastor is a syncytium containing a variable number of nuclei. Many workers have claimed that all the nurse nuclei were derived from somatic cells. However, since one of these nuclei is larger than the remaining nuclei, other workers have thought that this nucleus was germinal in origin. Our ultrastructural studies of the nurse chamber-oocyte complex demonstrate the presence of an intercellular bridge between the nurse chamber and the oocyte. Furthermore, the large nurse nucleus contains lamellae characteristic only of the germ line. Both findings indicate that one of the nurse nuclei is the sister to the oocyte.
Quantitative evaluation of flushing and biodegradation for enhancing in situ dissolution of nonaqueous-phase liquids

Abstract Flushing and in situ biodegradation can enhance the dissolution rate for NAPL contamination by decreasing the solute concentration, which increases the dissolution driving force. NAPL interphase transfer and how flushing and in situ bioremediation enhance it are evaluated using a simple NAPL contamination scenario: one-dimensional flow through a saturated, homogeneous, isotropic medium containing a residual saturation of uniformly distributed, immobilized, single-component NAPL blobs. A mathematical model of the system is developed using a one-dimensional advection-dispersion reaction (ADR) equation incorporating a first-order interphase mass-transfer relationship and first-order biodegradation kinetics. The analysis is simplified by assuming quasi-steady-state conditions in which NAPL blob size and saturation are constant. Using dimensionless groups that describe the relative rates in the system and analytical solutions to the ADR, criteria are delineated for when equilibrium and nonequilibrium exist and when flushing and biodegradation can effectively enhance NAPL dissolution in the system. These analyses are performed for flushing alone and for flushing and biodegradation in conjunction. The results demonstrate that flushing is effective for enhancing dissolution when the flow rate gives solute concentrations that are neither zero nor the solubility limit throughout the domain. In situ biodegradation can accelerate the dissolution rate when the biodegradation rate becomes large, compared to the mass-transfer rate, and as long as neither the advection rate nor the biodegradation rate is so great that the solute concentration is zero throughout the domain.
How do adolescents with bulimia nervosa rate the acceptability and therapeutic relationship in family‐based treatment?

Objective: To describe therapeutic alliance and treatment acceptability ratings of adolescents with bulimia nervosa (BN) participating in family-based treatment (FBT-BN) and to explore how participant characteristics relate to these constructs. Method: Adolescents with BN (n = 80) in a randomized controlled trial comparing FBT-BN and individual supportive psychotherapy (SPT), completed the Eating Disorder Examination, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory prior to treatment. The Helping Relationship Questionnaire, patient expectancy for treatment, treatment suitability, and self-reported estimates of improvement ratings were obtained at multiple points throughout treatment. Results: Therapeutic alliance and treatment acceptability ratings were positive in both treatments and generally did not differ. Within FBT-BN, more severe eating disorder symptomatology pretreatment was related to lower alliance ratings mid-treatment (p .10). Conclusion: Contrary to expectations of FBT-BN, adolescents receiving both treatments develop a strong alliance with the therapist. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
A simplified vaccinologists' vaccinology and the pursuit of a vaccine against AIDS

Vaccinology is the science and engineering of developing vaccines to prevent infectious diseases. Guidelines come from knowledge of pathogenesis and from successful past vaccines. The vaccine enterprise relies on the evolution of appropriate science and technology. Governmental support and industrial participation are key to successful development of new vaccines. A large challenge for vaccinology is a vaccine which protects against AIDS. Though misguided in its first decade, current vaccine research is directed to use of any and all viral antigens and to elicit both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses that are resident, with memory, at the mucosal sites of viral entry. Recent seminal discoveries guiding the future include selective elicitation of both Type 1 and Type 2 immune responses, and prime-boosting using recombinant viral or DNA vectors and expressed antigens. Success in vaccinology depends on simplification of the complex and on iterative processes in a well-defined pathway. The present and future of vaccinology are discussed in depth.
The calculated electronic structure of uranium hexafluoride

Abstract We have computed the electronic structure of the free UF 6 molecule in both its ground and excited state configurations. The calculations were performed at several internuclear distances (but maintaining O h symmetry) using the non-relativistic multiple scattering Xα method. The computed equilibrium distance (≈2.00 A) and ionization energy (≈13.0 eV) are in good agreement with experimental data. The computed charge transfer excitations correlate favorably with the UV absorption spectrum of UF 6 .
How Well Does the Sat and GPA Predict the Retention of Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Business Students

This study examined the relationship between various admissions selection criteria utilized by a small, Liberal Arts College in Indiana. More specifically, the study examined if a higher college pr...
How Do You IM When You Get Emotional

Nowadays instant messaging (IM) is getting very common in everyday life especially in casual contexts. Studying emotional communication in this channel is still growing. The main focus of this study is how four emotional states (relaxed, angry, happy, sad) influence the type and quantity of emotion-related cues used during informal conversations between college friends in IM. Results of the analysis revealed that the happy condition led to more use of nonverbal cues than the other three conditions, including more punctuation, vocal spellings, lexical surrogates, and minus features. Understanding how emotions affect emotional cues users apply in IM has implications for future research on emotion communication via CMC, as well as for the design of the next generation of IM tools that can facilitate communicating those emotional cues.
Enhancing the intense field control of molecular fragmentation

We describe a pump-probe scheme with which the spatial asymmetry of dissociating molecular fragments\char22{}as controlled by the carrier-envelope phase of an intense few-cycle laser pulse\char22{}can be enhanced by an order of magnitude or more. We illustrate the scheme using extensive, full-dimensional calculations for dissociation of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{+}$ and include the averaging necessary for comparison with experiment.
Isolation of a third chromatic mechanism in the deuteranomalous observer.

Abstract The anomalous chromatic mechanism of simple protanomalous trichromats has been found by the technique of increment thresholds. Protanomalous trichromats possess as their chromatic mechanism of long wavelength sensitivity one whose spectral sensitivity curve closely resembles that of erythrolabe. Its sensitivity peak is displaced from the normal 575 nm to approx. 545 nm. Neither the erythrolabe measured in normal trichromats, nor the anomalous mechanism of the protanomalous trichromats had a spectral sensitivity curve described by the Dartnall nomograrm Rather, both had a steep decline of sensitivity on the long wavelength side of their peak. The background found most effective in isolating the anomalous mechanism was one whose composition included a sufficient intensity of violet light to reduce the relative sensitivity of the blue cone photopigment. The mechanism was shown to be univariant under subsequent adaptation to other heterochromatic background which also were composed partially of violet light.
The Radio Brightness of Titan

Abstract Observations of Titan with the NRAO interferometer yield a brightness temperature of 115 ± 40°K at 8085MHz, giving an estimate for the mean surface temperature of 135 ± 45°K.
EVALUATING FAMILY THERAPY: DIVERGENT METHODS, DIVERGENT FINDINGS

This study reports on a triangulation strategy for assessing family interaction, involving family members, their therapist and coders independently viewing videotapes. Utilizing a standardized scale, the Beavers-Timberlawn Model of Family Competence, the study found weak agreement between paired assessments within the family triad, and within the therapist-coder dyad. In addition, more complex scaling techniques such as composite “family scores” or discrepancy scores between family member dyads added no predictive power. The findings suggest that a “limit of concordance” may exist when comparing varying raters' assessments of a given family, and that methodological and/or scaling strategies designed to maximize agreement may be both fruitless and diversionary.
Identification of Tropical and Temperate Maize Populations Having Favorable Alleles for Disease Resistance

A possible use of nonelite germplasm is as a source of alleles for disease resistance. Our objective was to determine the value of tropical and temperate maize (Zea mays L.) germplasm accessions as sources of alleles to improve disease resistance of the Corn Belt hybrid FR1064 x LH185. A group of tropical populations and hybrids from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project (GEM) crossed to either Mol7 or B73 (temperate inbreds), was studied. In addition, a group of temperate accessions was evaluated. Reaction to southern corn leaf blight (SCLB) [Bipolaris maydis (Nisikado & Miyake) Shoemaker = Helminthosporium maydis Nisikado & Miyake], northern corn leaf spot (NCLS) [Bipolaris zeicola (G. L. Stout) Shoemaker = Helminthosporium carbonum Ullstrup Races 2 and 3], gray leaf spot (GLS) (Cercospora zeae-maydis Tehon & E.Y. Daniels), northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) [Exserohilum turcicum (Pass.) K. J. Leonard & E. G. Suggs = Helminthosporium turcicum Pass., Races 1, 1, 2, 23N and three unidentified races] and common rust (Puccinia sorghi Schwein) was studied using Dudley's method for identifying populations with favorable alleles. All accessions had favorable dominant alleles for resistance not present in FR1064 x LH185 for common rust, GLS, and SCLB. Four accessions had a number of favorable alleles for resistance not significantly different from the best accession for all five diseases. Crosses of the accessions containing Mol7 to FR1064 and LH185 were less susceptible to SCLB, NCLB, and rust than crosses of accessions containing B73. At least seven of the best 10 populations were tropical x Mo17 crosses for SCLB, NCLB, and rust when populations were ranked for presence of favorable alleles for resistance not present in either LH185 or FR1064. Net value statistics for tropical x B73 and tropical x Mol7 accessions differed in indicating whether backcrossing or selfing from the F 1 is more desirable. Therefore, if tropical populations are crossed to Corn Belt inbreds to increase adaptation, comparisons among tropical populations should only be made when all populations being compared have been crossed to the same Corn Belt inbred.
Japanese Society at War: Death, Memory and the Russo-Japanese War

Naoko Shimazu. Japanese Society at War: Death, Memory and the Russo-Japanese War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Pp. xv. 335. Western-language histories of modern Japan have tended to...
Mapping of a gene controlling the production of phospholipase C and alkaline phosphatase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Using plasmid R68.45 mediated conjugation and transduction with bacteriophage F116L, a genetic locus controlling at least two orthophosphate repressible proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been mapped at about 22–23 min on the PAO chromosome.
Symptomatic Neural Loop Causing Hemidigital Anesthesia: Case Report

Digital neural loops were identified over a century ago and are common findings in cadaveric studies of palmar and digital anatomy. Symptomatic digital neural loops are rare. We report a case of hemidigital anesthesia resulting from a proper digital nerve neural loop penetrated by its common digital artery in the palm. After neurolysis of the median nerve and the common and proper digital nerves to the third webspace, we transected the common digital artery, transposed it out of the neural loop, and repaired it. The patient's sensory symptoms fully resolved over 6 weeks. The differential diagnosis, diagnostic workup, and surgical treatment are reviewed.
Translation reinitiation at alternative open reading frames regulates gene expression in an integrated stress response

Stress-induced eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) α phosphorylation paradoxically increases translation of the metazoan activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), activating the integrated stress response (ISR), a pro-survival gene expression program. Previous studies implicated the 5′ end of the ATF4 mRNA, with its two conserved upstream ORFs (uORFs), in this translational regulation. Here, we report on mutation analysis of the ATF4 mRNA which revealed that scanning ribosomes initiate translation efficiently at both uORFs and ribosomes that had translated uORF1 efficiently reinitiate translation at downstream AUGs. In unstressed cells, low levels of eIF2α phosphorylation favor early capacitation of such reinitiating ribosomes directing them to the inhibitory uORF2, which precludes subsequent translation of ATF4 and represses the ISR. In stressed cells high levels of eIF2α phosphorylation delays ribosome capacitation and favors reinitiation at ATF4 over the inhibitory uORF2. These features are common to regulated translation of GCN4 in yeast. The metazoan ISR thus resembles the yeast general control response both in its target genes and its mechanistic details.
An extreme ultraviolet optics-free spectrometer with improved spectral resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio

A computer model of an Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer based on a gas ionization chamber and on flight experience of the Optics Free Spectrometer (OFS previously flown), was built and tested with the SIMulation of IONs (SIMION) tools. Our goal in this work was to design an improved and simplified electron beam focusing system which fits the dimensions (D = 180 mm; L = 380 mm) available for installation of a new OFS instrument in our sounding rocket flights, and to lower the focusing potentials from the 5,000 V in the previous OFS computer model to about 300 V in the current model. The advanced EUV OFS employs a six-electrode electron beam focusing system with focusing potentials of up to 250 V and can focus photo-electrons in a spectral range of 5.0 - 50.0 nm. The spectral resolution may be optimized throughout the whole spectral range by switching to an appropriate set of focusing potentials resulting in a resolution of about 0.10 - 0.25 nm, which is comparable to or better than the spectral resolution of typical EUV grating spectrometers designed for spaceflight applications. Modeled focusing of photo-electrons at the detector's aperture permits an increase in both spectral resolution and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) compared to those obtained with the dual-electrode OFS prototypes flown previously. A comparison of measured OFS EUV spectra (sounding rocket flight of 2003/12/05) with the modeled spectra showed that an advanced OFS for studying solar dynamics in the EUV with high spectral and temporal resolution is indeed quite feasible.
Ronald Reagan's 1980 acceptance address: A focus on American values

This article examines the types, frequency, and function of value appeals employed by Ronald Reagan in his Presidential nomination acceptance speech delivered in Detroit, Michigan, July 17, 1980. It argues that Reagan employed various value appeals as rhetorical strategies to persuade his audience to respond favorably to his purpose of winning the Presidency.
Working in our sleep: Sleep and self-regulation in organizations

A large body of sleep physiology research highlights a broad array of effects of sleep on human functioning. Until recently, this literature has been completely isolated from the organizational psychology literature. The purpose of this paper is to further extend the sleep literature into the organizational psychology literature, with a focus on self-regulation in the workplace. I summarize the sleep literature into a model of sleep self-regulation. Next, I highlight initial research in organizational psychology which has drawn from basic sleep physiology research. Following this, I generate new propositions linking sleep to work withdrawal, goal level, incivility, and defection in workplace social dilemmas. Finally, I close with a discussion of methods for conducting sleep research in organizational psychology, as well as some promising areas for future research.
Metamaterial-based Terahertz Detectors

We present recent work utilizing terahertz field enhancement in metamaterial structures to drive carrier generation in semiconductors. We implement this as a novel platform to detect terahertz radiation which is a purely electronic effect.
Autonomous development of reciprocally exchanged regeneration blastemas of normal forelimbs and symmetrical hindlimbs

Normal upper arm blastemas and blastemas derived from double posterior or double anterior thighs of A. mexicanum were reciprocally exchanged either by autografting or homografting between dark and white animals. Those grafted blastemas which survived always regenerated a morphology and pigmentation characteristics of the donor limb. Thus, upper arm blastemas on double anterior or posterior thigh stumps regenerated normal forelimbs. Double anterior blastemas on normal upper arm stumps failed to regenerate, and double posterior blastemas on normal upper arm stumps regenerated posterior half hindlimbs. These results show that the morphogenetic field of the regenerate is reflected in the composition of the limb stump, and that its pattern is expressed autonomously. Supernumerary limbs formed where posterior and anterior tissues of graft and host were opposed in 35–43% of cases where normal upper arm blastemas were grafted to symmetrical thighs. The morphology and pigmentation of the supernumeraries suggests that they are probably derived from both graft and stump, although a singular origin from either graft or stump is not ruled out in some cases.
Spin-diffusion lengths in dilute Cu(Ge) and Ag(Sn) alloys

Abstract We used current-perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) exchange-biased spin valves to directly measure spin-diffusion lengths lsfN for N=Cu(2.1 at% Ge) and Ag(3.6 at% Sn) alloys. We found lsfCu(2% Ge)=117−6+10 nm and lsfAg(4% Sn)=39±3 nm. The good agreement of this lsfCu(2% Ge) with the value lsfCu(2% Ge)=121±10 nm derived from an independent spin–orbit cross-sectional measurement for Ge in Cu quantitatively validates the use of Valet–Fert theory for CPP-MR data analysis to layer thicknesses several times larger than had been done before. From the value of lsfAg(4% Sn), we predicted the ESR spin–orbit cross-section for Sn impurities in Ag.
Mechanical properties of composite polymer microstructures fabricated by interference lithography

We demonstrate that organized, porous, polymer microstructures with continuous open nanoscale pores and a sub-micron spacing obtained via interference lithography can be successfully utilized in a non-traditional field of ordered polymer microcomposites. The examples presented here include porous matrices for the fabrication of binary, glassy-rubbery microcomposites with intriguing mechanical properties with large energy dissipation and lattice-controlled fracturing.
Detection of Vitamin D Binding Protein on the Surface of Cytotrophoblasts Isolated from Human Placentae

Vitamin D binding protein (DBP), a Mr 56,000–58,000 α2-glycoprotein, is the major serum protein involved in the transport of vitamin D sterols. Recently it has been suggested that DBP may also be involved in immunoglobulin G binding to cells. Because the trophoblast is involved in the transport of molecules such as vitamin D and immunoglobulin G to the fetus, we asked whether DBP could be detected on the surface of human placental trophoblast cells. Cytotrophoblasts purified from human term placentae were fixed and made permeant with Triton X-100 and examined by indirect immunofluorescence after incubation with a monoclonal antibody to DBP. Greater than 90% of these cells stained positively, whereas no staining was observed with nonimmune antiserum. The presence of DBP on/in the surface of cytotrophoblasts could also be demonstrated by fluorescent cytometry. When cell surface-associated proteins of cytotrophoblasts were radioiodinated, a Mr 57,000 radiolabeled protein could be immunoisolated from the cell...
Molecular beam epitaxial growth of green light emitting diodes on ZnSe wafers

We have performed a preliminary investigation into the use of ZnSe bulk crystals fabricated by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. as substrates for the epitaxial1 deposition of ZnSe-based materials and light emitting devices. A low temperature (<380 °C)in- situ cleaning process has been developed for the (100) oriented ZnSe wafers involving the use of a remotely generated atomic hydrogen beam. The process produces a (1 × 1) atomically smooth ZnSe surface which is highly suitable for epitaxy. Hall-effect measurements performed on nitrogen-doped ptype ZnSe/S.I. ZnSe epilayers have revealed free-hole concentrations in the homoepitaxial material as high as 2.1 × 1017cm−3, so far, with room temperature and 77Khole mobility values of 20 and 100 cm2Vsu−1ins/su−1, respectively. Finally, green light emitting diodes have been grown on the ZnSe wafers having Cd0.2Zn0.8Se/ ZnSe multiple quantum well active regions which have exhibited electroluminescence peak linewidths around 9.9 nm at room temperature.
Item repetition in free and cued recall

The role of repetition in free and cued recall was examined in two experiments. In Experiment I, S s were presented a list of 51 simple sentences with some repeated at separations (lags) of 0, 5, 10, and 20 intervening items. Free recall of object phrases increased as a direct function of lag. Cued recall eliminated spacing effects beyond lag 0. In Experiment II, imagery instructions virtually eliminated all lag effects in cued recall. The data suggest that while differential encoding may be responsible for lag effects within the distributed conditions, the massed-distributed difference is in part due to the attenuation of the processing of massed events.
Antimicrobial activity against select food-borne pathogens by phenolic antioxidants enriched in cranberry pomace by solid-state bioprocessing using the food grade fungus Rhizopus oligosporus

Abstract Listeria monocytogenes, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Escherichia coli 0157:H7 are important food-borne pathogens. Control of these pathogens using synthetic antimicrobials such as currently approved antibiotics is challenging due to potential development of resistance. A profile of antimicrobials compared to a single compound could be potentially more effective. Cranberry pomace is a byproduct of the cranberry processing industry. Solid-state bioprocessing of cranberry pomace using the food grade fungus Rhizopus oligosporus improves phenolic and antioxidant profiles. We hypothesize that these phytochemicals mobilized during pomace bioprocessing could improve the antimicrobial functionality. The objective of this research was to use the food grade fungus R. oligosporus to release phenolic aglycones and relate its antioxidant functionality and diphenyl mobilization to antimicrobial activity against L. monocytogenes, V. parahaemolyticus and E. coli 0157:H7. Bioprocessing of pomace was done for 20 days with R. oligosporus. Total phenolics in water extracts were assayed using a Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant potential was measured using a β-carotene oxidation system (APF) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl-radical (DPPH) system. Changes in phenolic profiles were analyzed using HPLC. Antimicrobial activities of the extracts during growth were tested using standard disk assays. Soluble phenolics, antioxidant activity and ellagic acid concentrations were enriched by bioprocessing and antimicrobial activity of the extracts against L. monocytogenes and V. parahaemolyticus correlated with highest soluble phenolics and APF in the same extracts. For E. coli 0157:H7 inhibition correlated with the extracts corresponding to highest DPPH and ellagic acid concentration. The bioprocessing-based antimicrobial activity depended on different phenolic functional properties of the extracts. Sensitivity towards soluble phenolics reflected in DPPH activity suggested inhibition by the disruption of the membrane by hyperacidification. Whereas, sensitivity to APF and ellagic acid suggests potential antimicrobial activity by membrane-transport disruption. The variation in sensitivity of pathogens has implications for designing new food grade antimicrobials. This bioprocessing strategy can be an innovative approach to produce broad spectrum antimicrobials against important food-borne pathogens.