cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depression in Ultra-endurance Athletes, A Review and Recommendations

Depression affects 6.7% of the adult population each year and studies indicate the annual prevalence is similar or even higher in athletes. It is often insidious and not recognized. There continues to be stigma and misunderstanding about the disorder that is a barrier to getting an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. It is important for people living with depression to get professional help because the condition itself can be disabling, increases risk of suicide, and reduces quality of life. There is some evidence that depression and suicide risk is higher in endurance athletes such as track and field, marathoner, and ultramarathoners. There have been studies of athletes looking at rates reporting depressive symptoms and on factors in suicide attempts in the athletes. Studies have reviewed risk factors unique to athletes for depression. This article will review depression in the endurance athlete and approaches in treatment in that population.
International Cooperation and the 2017 Tax Act

There is a silver lining for the corporate income tax in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. This is because the Act’s international provisions contain not only competitive but also cooperative elements. The Act adopts a lower, dual-rate structure that pursues a competitiveness strategy and taxes regular corporate income at 21% and foreign-derived intangible income at 13.125%. But the Act also supports the continued existence of the corporate income tax globally, thus favoring cooperation among members of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Its cooperative provisions feature the minimum tax on global intangible low-taxed income, or GILTI, earned by non-U.S. subsidiaries. Another cooperative provision is the base erosion and anti-abuse tax, or BEAT. The impact of the Act on global corporate income tax policy will depend on how the U.S. implements the law and on how other nations respond to it.
From Magisterium to Magisteria: Recent Theologies of the Learning and Teaching Functions of the Church:

In the aftermath of Vatican II, questions have been raised about the exercise of magisterium in the church. This study first examines the teaching authority of the episcopal conference, the doctrin...
Plasma Modes in Layered Metallic Systems

Plasma modes are calculated for layered metallic jellium systems using the LDA ground state and TDLDA response. One model considered consists of few jellium layers on a bulk, with the density of electrons in each layer diminishing away from the bulk. We study the behavior of Multiple Modes, Surface Plasmons and the photoemision structure for the “expanded tail” model and compare the results with the calculations for a charged jellium surface. We consider also the multilayer metallic superlattice, in which enhancement of the strength of the multiple mode is expected.
TGN38 and Small GTP Binding Proteins are Part of a Macromolecular Complex in the Trans-Golgi Network

TGN38 is a type 1 integral membrane protein which is predominantly localized to the trans-Golgi network [Luzio et al.,1990]. Indirect immunofluorescence in NRK cells using antibodies against TGN38 shows localization to cisternal structures representative of the Golgi complex. Neither cytoplasmic vesicles nor the plasma membrane are labeled (Fig. 1).
An expert system gap analysis and empirical triangulation of individual differences, interventions, and information technology applications in alertness of railroad workers

Abstract In this abstract we would like to provide some exciting concrete information including the article's main impact and significance on expert and intelligent systems. The main impact is that the PTC expert intelligent system fills in the gaps between the human and software decision making processes. This gap analysis is analyzed via empirical triangulation of rail worker data collected from its groups, individuals and the rail industry itself. We utilize an expert intelligent system PTC information technology application to both measure and to improve the alertness of the groups and workers in order to improve the overall safety of the railways through reduced human errors and failures to prevent accidents. Many individual differences in alertness among military, railroad, and other industry workers stem from a lack of sufficient sleep. This continues to be a concern in the railroad industry, even with the implementation of positive train control (PTC) expert system technology. Information technology aids such as PTC cannot prevent all accidents, and errors and failures with PTC may occur. Furthermore, drug interventions are a short-term solution for improving alertness. This study investigated the effect of sleep deprivation on the alertness of railroad signalmen at work, individual differences in alertness, and the information technology available to improve alertness. We investigated various information and communication technology control systems that can be used to maintain operational safety in the railroad industry in the face of incompatible circadian rhythms due to irregular hours, weekend work, and night operations. To fully explain individual differences after the adoption of technology, our approach posits the necessary parameters that one must consider for reason-oriented action, sequential updating, feedback, and technology acceptance in a unified model. This triangulation can help manage workers by efficiently increasing their productivity and improving their health. In our analysis we used R statistical software and Tableau. To test our theory, we issued an Apple watch to a locomotive engineer. The perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and actual use he reported led to an analysis of his sleep patterns that eventually ended in his adoption of a sleep apnea device and an improvement in his alertness and effectiveness. His adoption of the technology also resulted in a decrease in his use of chemical interventions to increase his alertness. Our model shows that the alertness of signalmen can be predicted. Therefore, we recommend that the alertness of all railroad workers be predicted given the safety limitations of PTC.
Formation of primitive achondrites by partial melting of alkali-undepleted planetesimals in the inner solar system

Abstract Acapulcoites-lodranites, ureilites, brachinites, brachinite-like achondrites and winonaites are the main groups of primitive achondrites. They are variably depleted in incompatible lithophile elements (Al, Na, K and rare earth elements) and siderophile/chalcophile elements relative to chondrites and are interpreted as the residual mantle of planetesimals from which silicate melts and sulfide/metal melts were extracted. We use a series of melting experiments conducted with various chondritic compositions (CV, CM, CI, H and LL) to constrain the oxygen fugacity (fO2), the temperature, extent of melting and the initial bulk composition of the parent bodies of primitive achondrites. They melted at different and variable fO2: ΔIW −0.5/−1.0 for brachinites, ΔIW −1.3/−2.5 for ureilites, ΔIW −1.6/−2.7 for acapulcoites/lodranites and ΔIW −2.5/−3.0 for winonaites (with ΔIW = log fO2 – (log fO2)IW; IW being the iron-wustite buffer). Those main groups of primitive achondrites, which have nucleosynthetic anomalies characteristic of the “non-carbonaceous” reservoir and the inner solar system, were not initially depleted in Na2O and K2O relative to the sun’s photosphere. This suggests, in accordance with the enrichment in the heavy isotopes of Zn, Rb and K in eucrites, that the depletion of moderately volatile elements in planetesimals that melted to a larger extent (e.g. Vesta, the angrite parent body) resulted from evaporative losses during partial melting. The depletion of moderately volatile elements in terrestrial planets is likely inherited from partial melting and differentiation of small planetary bodies rather than from the incomplete condensation of the solar nebula.
CSI feedback based on space-frequency compression

High-resolution Type II CSI feedback is a key differentiator between 4G (LTE) and 5G (NR). The large feedback overhead of Type II CSI reporting, however, is a bottleneck for UE implementations in real deployments. In this paper, a space-frequency compression based Type II CSI overhead reduction has been proposed. The system-level simulation results are provided to show that the performance similar to Type II CSI is achievable with significantly reduced CSI overhead.
Pilipino American Studies: A Promise and an Unfinished Agenda

(1986). Pilipino American Studies: A Promise and an Unfinished Agenda. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 119-124.
The Neighborhood Unit as a Design Paradigm

In this chapter we review the thinking about the neighborhood unit paradigm. Although it is seemingly an oft-told tale among environmental designers, we submit that their story of the neighborhood unit is incomplete, and that frequently they are ignorant of some important intellectual underpinnings of the concept that better explain its configuration. Rather than being a physical design created to accomplish some social ends arrived at de novo, the neighborhood unit is actually the three-dimensional expression of some underlying cultural and intellectual beliefs that pervaded American reformist thinking at the turn of the century. Moreover, it is also the most careful summation and delineation extant of more ad hoc design practices that have been carried on for thousands of years, for although the precise nature and purpose of the neighborhood unit well illustrates the American penchant for intellectual pragmatism, the roots of the paradigm can be traced back in history to the earliest civilizations. Furthermore, the concept of the neighborhood unit, in addition to nicely capturing some prevalent strains in American thought, has also captured the endorsement of most modern-day societies, for the concept is now employed throughout the world.
Ultra-Short Presentations with Immediate in-Class Public Feedback to Enhance Skill Development with Low Class Time and Instructor Time

The development of oral presentation skills requires multiple opportunities to present and receive focused feedback. In typical discipline-based and general-education courses, class time is preciou...
Best time for college? A tale of two endowments

People often experience multiple interruptions in college enrollment, especially those with a less advantageous background at age 18. Some extend the enrollment through the lifecycle. To examine the welfare consequence of college through the lifetime, I incorporate flexible access to college at each age in an overlapping generations model in a general equilibrium framework with an incomplete market. Flexible access to college matters more for initially less advantageous people and explains two-thirds of the total welfare value of college. Wealthier background and better human capital preparedness at age 18 boost the investment and insurance values of college, incentivizing enrollment and younger age completion. Compared to removing inequality in 18 human capital, an equal age 18 wealth distribution has more considerable welfare improvement from promoting college participation.
Comments on ``Localization of Near-Field Sources Based on Linear Prediction and Oblique Projection Operator"

In the aforementioned paper the authors investigate the localization of multiple near-field narrowband sources with a symmetric uniform linear array, and develop a new linear prediction approach based on the truncated singular value decomposition. In this comment we point out several shortcomings of the model they use for the data measured by the array. The mismatch between this highly idealized mathematical model and the true array response raises concerns about the performance of the proposed method on real arrays.
Optimal Level of Output and Long Run Price

The cost structure of a firm is reflected in its costs functions: total cost TC; average cost AC; and marginal cost MC. Total cost, the sum of total variable and total fixed costs, is generally expressed as a function of the level of output Q. While a firm’s production function is often a bivariate or multivariate function relating its output to various inputs, the cost functions are usually univariate functions relating different costs to only one variable, output. It is therefore much easier to specify and estimate various cost functions for a firm than specify and estimate its production function.
Transformation and Regeneration of Important Crop Plants: Rice as the Model System for Monocots

The use of transgenic plants as experimental tools in gene analysis and for the alteration of agronomic characters is fundamental to our attempts to improve crops. There are at least five ways to introduce foreign genes into plants. Here we would like to describe the merits and shortcomings of each method and present our results in producing transgenic rice plants. In addition, we propose a method using transgenic plants to facilitate cloning of genes which are difficult to identify by other methods.
Mapping of the amino acids in membrane-embedded helices that interact with the retinal chromophore in bovine rhodopsin.

Abstract By using a photoactivatable analog of 11-cis-retinal in rhodopsin, we have previously identified the amino acids Phe-115, Ala-117, Glu-122, Trp-126, Ser-127, and Trp-265 as major sites of cross-linking to the chromophore. To further investigate the amino acids that interact with retinal, we have now used site-directed mutagenesis to replace a variety of amino acids in the membrane-embedded helices in bovine rhodopsin, including those that were indicated by cross-linking studies. The mutant rhodopsin genes were expressed in monkey kidney cells (COS-1) and purified. The mutant proteins were studied for their spectroscopic properties and their ability to activate transducin. Substitution of the two amino acids, Trp-265 and Glu-122 by Tyr, Phe, and Ala and by Gln, Asp and Ala, respectively, resulted in blue-shifted (20-30 nm) chromophore, and substitution of Trp-265 by Ala resulted in marked reduction in the extent of chromophore regeneration. Light-dependent bleaching behavior was significantly altered in Ala-117----Phe, Trp-265----Phe, Ala, and Ala-292----Asp mutants. Transducin activation was reduced in these mutants, in particular Trp-265 mutants, as well as in Glu-122----Gln, Trp-126----Leu (Ala), Pro-267----Ala (Asn, Ser), and Tyr-268----Phe mutants. These findings indicate that Trp-265 is located close to retinal and Glu-122, Trp-126, and probably Tyr-268 are also likely to be near retinal.
Rectal extranodal Rosai–Dorfman disease diagnosed by EUS‐FNA: A case report and review of the literature

Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD), also known as “sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy,” only rarely involves the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Therefore, this unusual site of presentation can be challenging for the pathologist. We present a case of RDD manifesting as a rectal submucosal mass associated with rectal bleeding in a 54 year old woman. The diagnosis was made on cytologic preparations obtained through endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and subsequently confirmed by biopsy. To our knowledge, this is the first time extranodal RDD of the GI tract has been diagnosed by EUS-FNA. A review of previously published cases of GI RDD is presented to increase awareness of this exceptional presentation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2015;43:40–44. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accounting information and internal performance evaluation Evidence from Texas banks

Abstract Multi-bank holding companies file detailed financial statements on their subsidiary banks. The availability of these data allows for an empirical examination of the relation between accounting-based performance and personnel decision for lower-level managers. For our sample of Texas banks, we find that turnover of subsidiary bank managers is negatively related to subsidiary performance, while promotions are positively related to performance. Holding own-bank performance constant, turnover increases with holding-company performance, which is consistent with the view that turnover decisions are based on performance relative to a firm-specification benchmark.
A new graphical recursive pruning method for the incremental pruning algorithm

Decision making is one of the central problems in artificial intelligence and specifically in robotics. In most cases this problem comes with uncertainty both in data received by the decision maker/agent and in the actions performed in the environment. One effective method to solve this problem is to model the environment and the agent as a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). A POMDP has a wide range of applications such as: Machine Vision, Marketing, Network troubleshooting, Medical diagnosis etc. We consider a new technique, called Recursive Point Filter (RPF) based on Incremental Pruning (IP) POMDP solver to introduce an alternative method to Linear Programming (LP) filter. It identifies vectors with maximum value in each witness region known as dominated vectors, the dominated vectors at each of these points would then be part of the upper surface. RPF takes its origin from computer graphic. In this paper, we tested this new technique against the popular Incremental Pruning (IP) exact solution method in order to measure the relative speed and quality of our new method. We show that a high-quality POMDP policy can be found in lesser time in some cases. Furthermore, RPF has solutions for several POMDP problems that LP could not converge to in 24 hours.
Chromosomal translocations generated by high-frequency meiotic recombination between repeated yeast genes.

ABSTRACT We have examined meiotic and mitotic recombination between repeated genes on nonhomologous chromosomes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The results of these experiments can be summarized in three statements. First, gene conversion events between repeats on nonhomologous chromosomes occur frequently in meiosis. The frequency of such conversion events is only 17-fold less than the analogous frequency of conversion between genes at allelic positions on homologous chromosomes. Second, meiotic and mitotic conversion events between repeated genes on nonhomologous chromosomes are associated with reciprocal recombination to the same extent as conversion between allelic sequences. The reciprocal exchanges between the repeated genes result in chromosomal translocations. Finally, recombination between repeated genes on nonhomologous chromosomes occurs much more frequently in meiosis than in mitosis.
The influence of crystallographic texture and interstitial impurities on the mechanical behavior of zirconium

Development of physically based constitutive models capable of simultaneously describing slip, twinning, and anisotropy requires knowledge of the coincident influence of each on mechanical response. In this article, the influence of interstitial impurities and texture on twinning in zirconium (Zr), in addition to variations in strain rate and temperature, are examined, to probe their effects on substructure evolution and mechanical behavior. The compressive-yield responses of both high-purity (HP) crystal-bar and lower-purity (LP) zirconium were found to depend on the loading orientation relative to the c-axis of the hcp cell, the applied strain rate, which varied between 0.001 and 3500/s, and the test temperature, which varied between 77 and 298 K. The rate of strain hardening in zirconium was seen to depend on the controlling defect-storage mechanism as a function of texture, strain rate, and temperature. The substructure evolution of HP zirconium was also observed to be a function of the applied strain rate and test temperature. The substructure of HP zirconium was seen to display a greater incidence of deformation twinning when deformed at a high strain rate at 298 K or quasi-statically at 77 K.
Four-dimensional variational data assimilation of high resolution X-band radar observations over the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex

The Variational Doppler Radar Assimilation System (VDRAS) is applied to observations collected by X-band radars over the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. VDRAS is specifically designed to assimilate radar observations of Doppler velocity and reflectivity. In order to cope with attenuation issues affecting short-wavelength radars, the rainwater mixing ratio is here estimated using a technique based on dual-polarization observations. Preliminary results obtained from application to a severe storm case study are presented. The overall consistency of the resulting analyses demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approach. The incorporation of observations from X-band systems sampling the lower atmosphere with high spatial and time resolution allows producing detailed analyses near the surface. In particular, the wind field reveals the capability to detect regions of low-level convergence associated with organized updrafts.
δ-Form approximating problem for a conjunctive water resource management model

A nonlinear coupled simulation and optimization model is formulated to find the optimal operating policies with a minimal cost for the conjunctive management of hydraulically interacting surface and ground water supplies. The term representing the pumpage cost in the objective function of the management model causes nonlinearity that cannot be put in a quadratic form as in the traditional approach, since drawdown in that term is a function of well pumpage and other parameters. To eliminate the nonlinearity, δ-form approximating model is formulated with a particular emphasis on the concave function of the transformed objective function. The original problem in a nonlinear form is solved by coupling the solver with a random number generator to provide the model with a different initial guess each time. However, the δ-form approximating problem is formulated as a linear mixed integer programming model. Optimal operating policies and the operation costs obtained from both models are found to be in good agreement.
Etiology of body dissatisfaction and weight concerns among 5-year-old girls

Among adolescent girls and women, higher weight status is associated with greater body dissatisfaction and weight concerns. This study investigated the etiology of body dissatisfaction and weight concerns among 5-year-old girls by assessing associations among girls' and parents' weight status, body dissatisfaction, and weight concerns. Weight status, body dissatisfaction, and weight concerns were assessed for 197 5-year-old girls and their parents, and relationships among these variables were investigated using multiple regression in the form of path analysis. For girls and parents, higher weight status was associated with greater body dissatisfaction, which in turn was associated with higher weight concerns. No direct relationship was found between girls' weight status and girls' weight concerns. Girls' body dissatisfaction and mothers' weight concerns, however, were independently and positively associated with higher weight concerns among girls. In conclusion, relationships among weight status, body dissatisfaction, and weight concerns for 5-year-old girls parallel those reported among adults. In addition, results suggest that the etiology of weight concerns in young girls may be linked to girls' subjective evaluations of their weight status (body dissatisfaction) in combination with weight concerns expressed by their mothers.
Cholesterol, Hemoglobin, and Mineral Composition from Nonruminating Holstein Bull Calves as Affected by a Milk Replacer Diet in High Phosphorus and Alpha-Tocopherol Supplement,

Abstract An experiment was conducted to study the effect of dietary to copherol and P on the serum cholesterol, muscle cholesterol, serum vitamin E, and mineral composition of nonruminating calves. A milk replacer diet was supplemented with a high monosodium phosphate (18 g· calf −1 ·d −1 ) and vitamin E (as coated dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate 100 IU· calf −1 ·d −1 ) and was fed to Holstein bull calves (n = 15) for 2 wk prior to slaughter. This significantly decreased serum and muscle cholesterol; increased vitamin E, P, Ca in serum; and simultaneously reduced serum Na content 15% when compared with that of the control group (n = 15). There were no treatment effects on serum K, Mg, packed cell volume, and hemoglobin values. These findings may be beneficial in regulating the incidence of coronary heart disease if dietary tocopherol and P could cause the same effect in humans.
Medication adherence in pediatric and adolescent liver transplant recipients.

Objective. Nonadherence to medications is a leading cause of morbidity in children and adolescents who have had a transplant, yet there are no published data about the use of different methods for detecting whether these children are taking their medications. There are also no published data about the age of transition at which a child assumes responsibility over taking the medications. This information is important if interventions to improve adherence are contemplated. Methods. We present an analysis of data obtained in the first year of the implementation of an adherence assessment protocol at a pediatric liver transplant clinic in a tertiary medical care center. Data were obtained for children and adolescents who had a liver transplant at least 1 year before the assessments took place. We used 5 adherence detection methods. The 4 subjective methods were self-reported, scaled questionnaires answered by nurses, physicians, caregivers, and patients. For the objective method, a standard deviation (SD) was calculated for tacrolimus blood levels obtained from each patient over time. A higher SD suggests increased variation among patients’ blood levels and hence more erratic medication taking. We also asked the patients and caregivers who is responsible for taking the medications and what are the reasons for not taking them. The medical outcome measures were biopsy-proven rejection episodes, number of biopsies regardless of the results, number of hospital admissions, and number of in-patient days. Results. An analysis of 81 cases (258 assessments) revealed that the only method that predicted the medical outcome variables (biopsy-proven rejection and number of biopsies) was the SD of medication blood levels. Patients’, clinicians’, and caregivers’ reports were not predictive. Clinicians’ ratings of adherence were not correlated with patients’ or caregivers’. The transition of responsibility for medication taking occurred approximately at the age of 12 years. Forgetfulness was cited as the most common reason for nonadherence by patients and caregivers; medication side effects were not frequently cited. Conclusions. Our results indicate that clinical impression is not sufficient to determine whether children and adolescents are taking their medications after they have had a liver transplant. An objective assessment method should be used. Interventions targeting adherence should address the child’s increasing role beginning in early adolescence. A clinical protocol incorporating objective assessments of adherence could potentially be implemented in other settings. It could form the basis for the evaluation of efficacy of interventions seeking to improve adherence to medications.
Marrow cytokine transcripts and the secondary hematologic disorders.

A comparison was made of the cytokine transcripts in normal, monoclonal, MDS, and AML marrow aspirates. While both normal and monoclonal marrow aspirates contain transcripts for SCF, few MDS or AML marrow aspirates contain these transcripts. Similarly, ILlra transcripts are found with reduced frequency in MDS and AML marrow aspirates. The fall in SCF transcripts between monoclonal and MDS marrow aspirates parallels the appearance of apoptosis and the reduced in vitro proliferative ability which are characteristics of MDS marrow aspirate cells. The frequent IL1β production by MDS and AML marrow aspirate cells, with few marrow aspirates producing ILlra transcripts, suggests that unbalanced IL1β effects may contribute to the proliferative advantage of MDS and AML cells over their normal counterparts.
Negotiating a political path to agroforestry through the Conservation Security Program.

Temperate agroforestry systems have faced obstacles to adoption despite their multiple environmental, economic, and social benefits. In part, these obstacles derive from the typically small scale of agroforestry systems relative to large-scale mainstream grain agriculture, which in the US is supported by strong commodity subsidies. One promising option for promoting agroforestry on a policy level, and thus for making it more appealing to landowners, is the Conservation Security Program (CSP), which provides payments to farmers for sustainable conservation practices on working lands. CSP was first passed in 2002 and has many supporters; however it has also faced opposition, delays in implementation and funding caps. CSP proponents have thus promoted its expansion in current and future Farm Bills. Since CSP is one part of the Farm Bill clearly suited to promoting agroforestry practices, supporters of agroforestry should consider joining coalitions around CSP to ensure that it includes explicit provisions for advancing agroforestry. In addition, CSP and agroforestry proponents alike should develop a strategic plan to market the expansion of CSP to policy makers. Specifically, a broad and strong coalition based on ideological common ground (e.g., attention to the notion of a family farmer) and on situational factors (e.g., potential international pressure from the World Trade Organization to reduce commodity subsidies) might be sufficient to push CSP into an expanded role in current and future Farm Bills.
Performance of Multilayered Thermophotovoltaic Elements at Moderate Temperature

An analysis of stacked thermophotovoltaic elements at moderate temperature is reported. The motivation is for application to microsystems. Various numbers of layers are considered, with a variety of temperatures (varying from 560 to 360 K ) on the higher-temperature end. At the lower-temperature end, the temperature is always held at 300 K. It is assumed that the photovoltaic (PV) material is thin, but the thickness is considered. The PV material investigated in an earlier single-layer study (In0:8Ga0:2As) is considered, as well as Hg 0:8Cd0:2Te. The latter demonstrates absorption and PV conversion at longer wavelengths than the former. In all cases, the emitter surface of the TPV pairis taken to be black. It is shown that both the poweroutput and the efe ciency of thesystem increase with layering.
Increased rejection rates in cardiac transplant associated with dexamethasone.

Abstract Background Peri-operative immunosuppression in cardiac transplantation includes the use of intravenous methylprednisolone. During a national shortage, intravenous dexamethasone was substituted for methylprednisolone at standard equivalencies. Methylprednisolone and dexamethasone are used interchangeably in many clinical settings; however, their equivalency has not been demonstrated. Methods Forty-two consecutive cardiac transplant patients were studied retrospectively. All patients received standard triple immunosuppression. Eighteen patients received dexamethasone and 24 methylprednisolone. Twelve patients were included for comparison after the methylprednisolone shortage resolved. Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) results graded as ≥1B (ISHLT classification) were considered positive for acute cellular rejection. Results More patients who received dexamethasone as induction had cellular rejection (12/17; (70%) vs. 14/33; (42%); p = 0.05). Four patients were excluded because of deaths unrelated to cardiac function. The increased rate of rejection seen during dexamethasone substitution declined after reinstitution of methylprednisolone ( p = 0.05). Conclusions Peri-operative high-dose dexamethasone in cardiac transplants was associated with higher rates of acute cellular rejection. The equivalencies of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone differ from accepted standards when used in pulse doses. Peri-operative use of glucocorticoids may rely on mechanisms that are different from those considered in the standard equivalency measures. Pulse doses of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone in transplantation may not be interchangeable at standard equivalencies.
$L^p$--bounds for the Beurling--Ahlfors transform

Let B denote the Beurling-Ahlfors transform defined on L p (C), 1 < p < 00. The celebrated conjecture of T. Iwaniec states that its L p norm ∥B∥ p = p* -1 1 where p* = max{p, p/p-1-}. In this paper the new upper estimate ∥B∥ p < 1.575 (p* - 1), 1 < p < ∞, is found.
Chin morphology and sexual dimorphism in the fossil hominid mandible sample from Klasies River Mouth

The site of Klasies River Mouth (KRM) in South Africa has produced a small sample of early Upper Pleistocene hominid remains that have been a focus for discussions of the origins of modern humans. Despite certain primitive characteristics exhibited by these fossils, proponents of a single recent origin have attributed them to early modern humans. Critics of this hypothesis have emphasized the significance of the archaic features evident in this sample, including the absence of pronounced chins among the mandibular specimens. This study compares the size range and chin morphology exhibited by the KRM mandibles with that of Neandertals, Upper Pleistocene humans, and recent humans. The extreme sexual dimorphism documented among the KRM fossils reflects the presence of a very small individual, and previous efforts to classify the KRM sample as archaic on the basis of their robusticity have failed to address the significance of this diminutive hominid. While each KRM fossil falls within the 95% envelope of variability established for chin development in a comparative modern sample, a similarly low frequency of pronounced chins is very unlikely to be found in any recent human population. The morphological pattern of the KRM mandibles is clearly distinct from that of Neandertals and of recent humans.
The hyperfine spectrum of KF

Abstract A molecular beam electric resonance spectrometer was used to observe the hyperfine spectrum of KF, including both K isotopes, vibrational states 0–7 and rotational states 1–3. The 73 observed transitions were fitted with 14 parameters expressing the vibrational and rotational dependence of each of the molecular hyperfine constants. Experimental uncertainties of the order of 1 Hz were achieved.
Achromatic Long Wavelength Polarization Modulator

A simple procedure to generate modulating left and right circular polarization states for monochromatic radiation in the far infrared and millimeter wavelengths is described. The necessary theoretical expressions to measure circular and linear dichroism using this modulator are also presented.
Regulation of type II phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase by tyrosine phosphorylation in bovine rod outer segments.

Abstract Type II phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPKII) is an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PI-4,5-P(2)) from phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate (PI-5-P). In this study, we demonstrate the presence of PIPKII alpha in bovine photoreceptor rod outer segments (ROS) and the involvement of tyrosine phosphorylation in the regulation of its activity. PIPKII activity in bovine ROS was verified by the preferential conversion of synthetic dipalmitoyl PI-5-P to PI-4,5-P(2), lack of effect of phosphatidic acid, inhibition by heparin, immunoreaction with an anti-PIPKII alpha antibody on Western blots, and immunocytochemical localization in bovine and rat ROS by anti-PIPKII alpha. Immunoprecipitates of bovine ROS with the anti-PIPKII alpha antibody possessed PIPK enzymatic activity and preferentially used PI-5-P as substrate for PI-4,5-P(2) biosynthesis. The activity of PIPKII was greatly increased under conditions favoring tyrosine phosphorylation in ROS, and PIPKII activity was immunoprecipitated with anti-phosphotyrosine (anti-PY) antibodies from tyrosine phosphorylated ROS. Preincubation of ROS with tyrosine kinase inhibitors almost abolished the kinase activity in the anti-PY immunoprecipitates. Immunoblot analysis showed that PIPKII alpha was present in anti-PY immunoprecipitates from phosphorylated ROS but not from nonphosphorylated controls. We conclude that PIPKII alpha is present in ROS and that its activity is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation.
Nonperturbative charming penguin contributions to isospin asymmetries in radiative B decays

Recent experimental data on the radiative decays B{yields}V{gamma}, where V is a light vector meson, find small isospin violation in B{yields}K*{gamma} while isospin asymmetries in B{yields}{rho}{gamma} are of order 20%, with large uncertainties. Using soft-collinear effective theory, we calculate isospin asymmetries in these radiative B decays up to O(1/m{sub b}), also including O(v{alpha}{sub s}) contributions from nonperturbative charming penguins (NPCP). In the absence of NPCP contributions, the theoretical predictions for the asymmetries are a few percent or less. Including the NPCP can significantly increase the isospin asymmetries for both B{yields}V{gamma} modes. We also consider the effect of the NPCP on the branching ratio and CP asymmetries in B{sup {+-}}{yields}V{sup {+-}}{gamma}.
Early Remote Laser Detection Of Vegetation Damage Caused By Certain Environmental Stress Factors

The fluorescence spectra of plants excited with a pulsed nitrogen laser beam emitting at 337 nm were found to be related to plant type, as well as with changes in the physiology of the plant as the result of various kinds of environmental stress. The plant types which were studied included herbaceous dicots, monocots, hardwoods, and conifers. These plant types could be identified on the basis of differences in either the number of fluorescent bands, or the relative intensity of the bands. The dicots and monocots had fluorescent maxima at 440, 685, and 740 nm. The monocots could be distinguished from the dicots by virtue of having a much higher 440 nm/685 nm ratio. Hardwoods and conifers had an additional fluorescence band at 525 nm, but healthy conifers did not have a band at 685 nm.
A general boosting-based framework for active object recognition

We propose a novel general framework with a boosting algorithm to achieve active object classification by view selection. The proposed framework actively decides the next best view for the recognition task. It evaluates different information sources for top hypotheses, generates a voting matrix for candidate views and the view selection is achieved by picking up the one with the maximum votes. Three different sources similarity based on Implicit Shape Model, prior for model, and prior for views - are presented in the paper. Moreover, we convert view selection itself into a classification problem, and propose a boosting algorithm that is able to combine the previous sources. Experiments show that our algorithm produces a better strategy compared to the other baseline methods.
Root Development of 12 Forage Legumes as Affected by Temperature

Legumes with roots that elongate rapidly over a wide temperature range should have improved seedling establishment semiarid regions. We determined effects of 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C temperature on main axis and lateral root growth of 12 forage legumes in germination chambers. Legumes differed (P < 0.05) in both main axis root length and lateral root development over temperatures and there were significant (P < 0.05) entry by temperature interactions. There were significant positive non-linear correlations with (R 2 ) of 0.72, 0.68, and 0.76 at 15, 20 and 25 °C temperatures, respectively, between sed weight and main axis root elongation
Using Tolerance-Maps to Generate Frequency Distributions of Clearance for Pin-Hole Assemblies

A new mathematical model for representing the geometric variations of lines is extended to include probabilistic representations of 1-D clearance which arise from multidimensional variations of an axis, a hole and a pin-hole assembly. The model is compatible with the ASME/ANSI/ISO Standards for geometric tolerances. Central to the new model is a Tolerance-Map (T-Map), a hypothetical volume of points that models the 3-D variations in location and orientation for a segment of a line (the axis), which can arise from tolerances on size, position, orientation, and form. Here it is extended to model the increase in yield that occurs when maximum material condition (MMC) is specified. The frequency distribution of 1-D clearance is decomposed into manufacturing bias, i.e. toward certain regions of a Tolerance-Map, and into a geometric bias that can be computed from the geometry of multidimensional T-Maps. Although the probabilistic representation in this paper is focused on geometric bias and manufacturing bias is presumed to be uniform, the method is robust enough to include manufacturing bias in the future. Geometric bias alone shows a greater likelihood of small clearances than large clearances between an assembled pin and hole.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Inequalities for a simplex and the number e

An n-dimensional form of Winternitz's Theorem for convex sets in En can be related to a standard inequality for e. The object of this note is to prove two inequalities for n-dimensional simplexes that can be related to the basic inequalities (1+1/n)n < e < (1+1/n)n+1.
Relationships Between Net Income, Days of Productive Life, Production, and Linear Type Traits in Grade and Registered Holsteins

Abstract Relationships between production, linear type traits, relative net income (with opportunity for calving through 60 mo of age), relative net income adjusted for opportunity cost, and days of productive life were examined in Holsteins. Records were available for 7479 grade and 64,245 registered cows. Correlations between relative net income adjusted for opportunity cost and first lactation product value were .55 and .59 for grade or registered cows, .21 and .23 between relative net income adjusted for opportunity cost and dairy form, and .16 and .20 between relative net income adjusted for opportunity cost and final score. Partial correlations (adjusted for first lactation product value) were lower than simple correlations for dairy form and final score but were higher for fore udder attachment and udder depth in both grade and registered cows. Prediction of relative net income, relative net income adjusted for opportunity cost, and days of productive life with first lactation product value and an additional type trait showed very little increase in R 2 over use of first lactation product value alone. The increase in R 2 was greater for days of productive life than for the two net income functions. The most profitable cows were high producers. Physical characteristics of the cow did not enable prediction of lifetime profit with appreciably greater accuracy than production alone.
An electronic six-minute walk test platform for clinical applications

A micro-controller based electronic platform is developed for six-minute walk test (SMWT) in clinical settings. This platform contains a WiFi module for wireless data communication, a radio frequency identification (RFID) component for patient identification, and a micro-controller unit (MCU) for data acquisition and process control. Due to the use of advanced microelectronic technology, the new platform is featured with high convenience, low power consumption and high performance. Our experimental results indicate that this platform can perform SMWT accurately and efficiently, providing a useful tool to conduct pulmonary function test for patients with respiratory or heart conditions.
Monocular Flicker Discrimination as a Function of the Luminance and Area of Contralateral Steady Light. II. Area

It is hypothesized that a steady light in one eye will lower or inhibit the critical rate (CFF) of contralateral intermittent flashes of light in a manner consonant with the effect of an adapting field on the discrimination of single flashes. Luminances spanning a 6-log-unit range were variously combined in two 1.5° fields. Results indicate that there is an inhibitory effect which depends in part on relative luminances: except with very dim stimuli, an adapting light dimmer than a given flicker light reduces CFF somewhat; and CFF decreases progressively as adapting luminance increases. Viewed with bright adapting light, a moderately bright flicker field shows a 10–20% reduction in CFF and a dim flicker light (whose CFF is 8 cps or less) shows a 100% reduction in CFF. However, the data, when plotted in a ΔI/I format, show only partial similarity to curves of steady-field and single-flash luminance discrimination. Moreover, the upper limb in each of the family of binocular CFF-logI curves, in which adapting luminance is the parameter, parallels the monocular curve and may be fitted to a similar exponential equation.
Optimization of VLIW compatibility systems employing dynamic rescheduling

Lack of object code compatibility in VLIW architectures is a severe limit to their adoption as a general-purpose computing paradigm. Previous approaches include hardware and software techniques, both of which have drawbacks. Hardware techniques add to the complexity of the architecture, whereas software techniques require multiple executables. This paper presents a technique called Dynamic Rescheduling that applies software techniques dynamically, using intervention by the OS: at each first-time page fault, the page of code is rescheduled for the new generation, if required. Results are presented to demonstrate the viability of the technique using the Illinois IMPACT compiler and the TINKER architectural framework. For the machine models and the workloads used in this study, performance of the rescheduled code compares well with the native scheduled code for a machine. The behavior of a subset of programs in the workload is such that they face a large number of first-time page faults. Due to this, their rescheduling overhead is higher relative to their total execution time. Such programs are called high-overhead programs. Caching of translated pages across multiple invocations of the program to reduce the rescheduling overhead, using a persistent rescheduled-page cache (PRC) (1) discussed. It was found that for the workload used in this evaluation, a PRC of size between 512 to 1024 pages, and which uses an overhead-based page replacement policy would be effective in reducing the overhead.
SHOCKLESS LOADING WITH RECOVERY FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIAL RESPONSE

A new recovery method for investigating material response to shockless (ramped) loading paths is described. The work makes use of a laser generated plasma piston that produces ramped loading at high strain rates (>≈107/s). Large sample sizes are utilized to prevent reflected wave interactions. The overall deformation path is characterized by two transients: one at very high strain rate on the 5–10 nanosecond time scale and one at a lower strain rate occurring over a 1–2 microsecond timescale. It was found that a sufficiently large region of material experiences shockless loading conditions enabling recovery based characterization. The presence of two strain transients makes the method more applicable to comparative assessments between shockless and shock loading conditions.
Birefringent neutron prisms for spin echo scattering angle measurement

In the first decade of the 19th century, an English chemist, William Wollaston, invented an arrangement of birefringent prisms that splits a beam of light into two spatially separated beams with orthogonal polarizations. We have constructed similar devices for neutrons using triangular cross-section solenoids and employed them for Spin Echo Scattering Angle Measurement (SESAME). A key difference between birefringent neutron prisms and their optical analogues is that it is hard to embed the former in a medium which has absolutely no birefringence because this implies the removal of all magnetic fields. We have overcome this problem by using the symmetry properties of the Wollaston neutron prisms and of the overall spin echo arrangement. These symmetries cause a cancellation of Larmor phase aberrations and provide robust coding of neutron scattering angles with simple equipment.