cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Procedure for the Direct Microscopic Count of Bacteria in Non-fat Dry Milk.

Bacteria in non-fat dried milk (NDM) were enumerated by a method involving preliminary solubilization of the milk proteins in 0.015 N NaOH followed by centrifuging, washing in the NaOH, and microscopically examining stained smears. The method was used to enumerate bacteria in samples of NDM obtained from government surplus stocks or from local retail sources. Bacterial counts from surplus NDM ranged from 4.64 × 105 to 2.83 × 106/g (the mean and median were, respectively, 6.23 and 2.84 × 106/g). Counts from retail samples ranged from 4.48 × 105 to 2.42 × 107/g (mean and median were 5.57 and 2.85 × 106/g). The predominant bacteria in some samples were paired streptococci; other samples contained rod-shaped bacteria, some with identifiable spores. Comparison of this method with the Levowitz-Weber method indicated that it produced fewer artifacts, was applicable to NDM samples containing a wider range of bacteria, and did not require the use of the potentially carcinogenic tetrachloroethane.
Goals of care: a concept clarification.

Aim To report an analysis and clarification of the concept of goals of care. Background Goals of care have been used by healthcare providers since 1978, but no operationalized, consensual definition exists. Design Norris's method of concept clarification was used to create an operational definition, conceptual model and testable hypotheses of goals of care from the healthcare provider's perspective. Data sources Data came from current research reports, interviews with experts and web sites of professional organizations. Research reports were published between 2003–2013. Methods Antecedents, definitions and consequences were systematized and organized into coherent and more abstract groups to define goals of care. A conceptual model and testable hypotheses were created from this process. Results Goals of care are desired health expectations that are formulated through the thoughtful interaction between a human being seeking medical care and the healthcare team in the healthcare system and are appropriate, agreed on, documented and communicated. Conclusions Development of clear goals of care can increase patient satisfaction and quality of care while decreasing costs, hospital length of stay and hospital readmission. Goals of care are dynamic and should be reassessed regularly. How and when goals of care transition from implicit to explicit should be explored further, and what prompts this transition. Nurses, physicians and healthcare providers need education on how to best fill their roles in the development of goals of care.
Sub-100 mV Computing With Electro-Mechanical Relays

The energy efficiency of a CMOS digital logic circuit is fundamentally limited by the nonideal switching behavior of transistors, specifically their nonzero off-state current and finite subthreshold slope. In contrast, mechanical switches (relays) can achieve zero off-state current and perfectly abrupt switching characteristics; therefore, they have attracted growing interest for ultralow-power computing applications. A challenge for electro-mechanical relay technology is to reduce the hysteresis voltage, because this sets the minimum operating voltage of the relays. Herein, we report a surface-micromachinedelectrostatically actuated relaywith <70-mV hysteresis voltage, achieved by designing it to have relatively large structural stiffness and to operate in nonpull-inmode. A relay-based inverter circuit is demonstrated to operate reliably with a switching voltage below 100 mV, representing a significant milestone toward ultralow-power mechanical computing.
Mobile Phone Intervention for Heart Failure in a Minority Urban County Hospital Population: Usability and Patient Perspectives.

Abstract Background: Chronic heart failure (HF) is a complex and costly disease. Daily weight and symptom monitoring is the cornerstone of HF management. Little information exists about feasibility of a mobile monitoring intervention among minority patients with HF. Methods: We developed and tested usability of a mobile-monitoring system in minority patients with HF in a 2:1 randomized controlled trial. We tracked usage and obtained feedback on usability and the system overall at 1, 2, and 3 months. Results: Forty-two participants aged 53.0 ± 9.4 years (mean ± standard deviation) were randomized to the mobile-monitoring intervention group. They included the following: 67% males, 76% White Hispanics, 21% African Americans, and 52% with high school education or less. Over the 3-month intervention period, 26 (62%) participants used the system over 50% of the time. Overall, on a 1.0–7.0 scale for both, program satisfaction scores were excellent (mean 6.84 ± 0.46), and the usability ratings were all above 6.0....
Adolescent Girls Finding Purpose: The Role of Parents and Prosociality:

Scholars have differentiated other-oriented (OO) purpose (i.e., a personally meaningful life aim intended to contribute to the world beyond the self) and self-oriented (SO) purpose (i.e., a persona...
Gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel as second-line therapy following FOLFIRINOX in metastatic/advanced pancreatic cancer—retrospective analysis of response

Background: Given the tolerability of nPG in first-line therapy, we desired to evaluate the response and toxicity profiles of second-line gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel (nPG) following FOLFIRINOX. Methods: We retrospectively identified 30 patients who received first-line FOLFIRINOX for unresectable or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma followed by second-line nPG. Response was evaluated by RECIST criteria and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) change. Results: Median age was 63 years with 77% percent having metastatic disease. Nineteen patients (63%) achieved PR based on CA19-9. Median overall survival (OS) with nPG was 12.4 months (mo) and median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.7 mo. Median PFS and OS for patients with at least stable CA19-9 were 4.7 and 13.9 mo since initiation of nPG. Patients with an increased CA19-9 level during nPG had a shorter median PFS (1.4 mo) and OS (5.3 mo). A significant PFS difference was demonstrated in patients with at least stable disease as the best RECIST response versus in those with progressive disease (5.4 vs. 1.9 mo, P Conclusions: This study demonstrates a clinical benefit of second-line nPG. The study also suggests a possible use of CA19-9 to predict response to therapy.
A novel deletion of SNURF/SNRPN exon 1 in a patient with Prader-Willi-like phenotype.

Here we report the smallest deletion involving SNURF/SNRPN that causes major symptoms of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), including hypotonia, dysmorphic features, intellectual disability, and obesity. A female patient with the aforementioned and additional features was referred to the Mayo Clinic Cytogenetics laboratory for genetic testing. Chromosomal microarray analysis and subsequent Sanger sequencing identified a de novo 6.4 kb deletion at 15q11.2, containing exon 1 of the SNURF gene and exon 1 of the shortest isoform of the SNRPN gene. SNURF/SNRPN exon 1, which is methylated on the silent maternal allele, is associated with acetylated histones on the expressed paternal allele. This region also overlaps with the PWS-imprinting center (IC). Subsequent molecular methylation analysis was performed using methylation-specific MLPA (MS-MLPA), which characterized that the deletion of SNURF/SNRPN exon 1 was paternal in origin, consistent with the PWS-like phenotype. Since SNURF/SNRPN gene and the PWS-IC are known to regulate snoRNAs, it is likely that the PWS-like phenotype observed in patients with paternal SNURF/SNRPN deletion is due to the disrupted expression of SNORD116 snoRNAs.
Radiation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Clinical Data

Although there are a number of liver-directed therapies available for inoperable organ-confined hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), there is growing literature that radiation plays an increasingly important role in the management of all stages of HCC. Radiation is a noninvasive treatment modality that can serve as bridge therapy for patients with early stage HCC who are awaiting transplant; as ablative, definitive treatment for patients with intermediate-stage disease; and for palliation in advanced disease. The promising results of early experiences with fractionated, conformal radiotherapy have led to interest in dose-escalation through stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and charged particle therapy. There is also growing interest in combining these various radiation approaches with other regional and systemic treatment modalities for improved efficacy. This chapter provides a summary of the clinical data for radiation therapy, including fractionated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), SBRT, charged particle therapy, brachytherapy, and radioembolization, and discusses results of radiation in various clinical scenarios.
The co-conspiring methodology: An invitational approach to action research:

Co-conspiring is an approach to action research aimed at decolonizing the research process. This research method is inspired by an ongoing, collaborative research relationship with East Central Ministries, a faith-based non-profit organization based in Albuquerque, New Mexico’s international district. Guided by East Central Ministries’s practices of intention setting/leaving space for what emerges, focusing on feelings, being community minded, and building the conspiring community, the co-conspiring approach to research is emergent and will manifest differently in any given research context. Grounded in the communication theory of invitational rhetoric, co-conspiring emphasizes relationships based in equality and offers possibilities for transformation through a willingness to be changed by the research experience.
Quality of Life Following Prostatectomy as a Function of Surgery Type and Degree of Nerve Sparing.

Objectives To compare robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy with conventional retropubic radical prostatectomy in maintaining pre-surgery levels of urinary and sexual functioning and to evaluate the efficacy of nerve sparing in prostatectomies in protecting urinary functioning. Material and Methods Patients (n = 385) receiving both surgical procedures were surveyed prior to surgery. Multiple measures, including the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite, the Sexual Health Inventory for Men, and the International Prostate Symptom Score, assessed sexual and urinary function at an average of 12 months post-surgery. Results Across multiple measures, while controlling for pre-surgical sexual functioning, robotic-assisted surgery did not offer an advantage in maintaining sexual or urinary function an average of a year following the prostatectomy. Bilateral nerve sparing offered a strong and reliable advantage in the maintenance of sexual function, but not so regarding urinary function. Conclusion While robotic-assisted prostatectomies may offer a number of medical advantages over open procedures, we found no significant effect on important quality of life outcomes associated with the technique.
Imaging to Evaluate Bone Health

Bone mineral density (BMD) measurements by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are an important part of a bone health assessment, and DXA scans of the lumbar spine and whole body are recommended for adolescents. Bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD are expressed as age-, sex-, and ancestry-specific Z-scores. As a two-dimensional technique, DXA measures areal BMD (aBMD), which is influenced by bone size. Adjustments of aBMD Z-scores are needed in patients with growth delay to prevent erroneous interpretation of results. The most promising adjustment approaches include calculation of bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) and correction using height-for-age-adjusted Z-scores. In select clinical circumstances, a bone age adjustment can be helpful as well. Follow-up DXA scans to aid clinical management should be performed every 1–2 years, at most. Vertebral fractures may be evident on DXA spine scans and invalidate aBMD results. Suspicion of vertebral fracture on a DXA scan warrants radiological follow-up. A special software for vertebral fracture assessment (VFA) by DXA has recently been found to be as good as conventional radiography in identifying moderate to severe vertebral fractures in children and adolescents. Several types of quantitative computed tomography (QCT) have been used to characterize bone, but they remain research tools in pediatrics owing to lack of standardization and reference ranges.
A zebrafish and mouse model for selective pruritus via direct activation of TRPA1.

Itch is a common and uncomfortable sensation that creates a strong desire to scratch. This mechanism may have evolved so animals can remove harmful parasites or substances from themselves. Feelings like touch, pain, and itch arise when stimuli such as mechanical pressure, temperature, or chemicals activate groups of specialized neurons in the skin. This response takes place when certain proteins – or receptors – at the surface of the neurons are stimulated. For instance, TRP ion channels such as TRPA1 play an important role in both the itch and pain responses. In mammals, directly activating these channels elicits pain. Itch is felt when itch responsive receptors are activated on a distinct set of neurons, which in turn activate TRP receptors. Although these processes have been well-studied in mammals, little is known about the existence of itch sensation in other animals. To explore this, Esancy, Condon, Feng et al. exposed zebrafish to chemicals that induce itch in mammals, and found that imiquimod, a medicine used to treat certain skin conditions, can elicit itch in fish. When this chemical was injected into the lips of a fish, the animal rubbed them against the walls of its tank, akin to scratching an itch. Further experiments showed that imiquimod directly activated the pain-sensing ion channel TRPA1. In fact, this receptor was essential to the ‘scratching’ behavior: fish genetically engineered to lack TRPA1 did not react to the drug. Fluorescent proteins were then used to track when the neurons that carry TRPA1 were activated.This revealed that, in the skin of zebrafish, there are at least two functionally distinct populations neurons that express TRPA1. One population, whose activation is associated with the animal ‘scratching’, responds even when TRPA1 receives a low level of stimulation. The other population is less sensitive: it responds only to high-intensity stimuli and is associated with a pain response such as freezing and slower movements. Further experiments in the mouse suggest that this mechanism is present in mammals as well. This coding strategy explains how pain and itch can be experienced when the same receptors are being activated. Studying how animals like fish experience itch gives an insight into how detecting these sensations could have evolved. In turn, understanding this mechanism at the molecular and cellular levels may help find new ways to design better treatments for itch and pain disorders.
Percutaneous Cholecystostomy: Long-Term Outcomes in 324 Patients

To report technical success and clinical outcome of cholecystostomy tube placement along with timing—and method—of tube removal. A retrospective review of cholecystostomy tubes placed from January 2010 to September 2017 was performed at a single academic center. This search yielded 1160 patients. Of these patients, 324 (27.9%) met inclusion criteria for cholecystostomy placement, 199 (61.4%) males and 125 (38.6%) females, with mean age of 67 years (range 6–101 years). The indication for cholecystostomy tube placement, technical success, surgical candidacy, medical comorbidities, clinical outcome, tube indwelling time, complications, and follow-up were recorded. Indications for cholecystostomy tube placement included: acute cholecystitis (n = 270; 83.3%), perforated cholecystitis (n = 22; 6.8%), emphysematous cholecystitis (n = 18; 5.6%), and other (n = 14; 4.3%). Technical success was 100%. Many patients had multiple medical comorbidities including (most commonly): debilitation (n = 211; 65.1%), cardiovascular disease (n = 194; 59.9%), multisystem disease (n = 181; 55.9%), and malignancy (n = 131; 40.4%). After tube placement, 96 (29.6%) patients underwent definitive cholecystectomy, 94 expired (29.0%), 36 (11.1%) had a patent cystic duct on follow-up cholangiogram and subsequent cholecystostomy removal, 14 (4.3%) underwent cholecystoscopy with stone removal, and 3 (0.9%) had liver transplantation. Forty-five (13.9%) patients had indwelling tubes at the end of the study period. Mean tube indwelling time was 89 days (range 0–586 days). Technical success for cholecystostomy tube placement was 100% with all patients having clinical resolution of acute cholecystitis. Many patients were able to have tubes subsequently removed.
Preoperative embolization of skull base meningiomas: current indications, techniques, and pearls for complication avoidance

Skull base meningiomas are technically challenging tumors to treat because of their deep vascular supply that can preclude early devascularization during resection. Preoperative embolization of these arterial feeders is thought to decrease blood loss and facilitate resection; however, given the complex and varied anatomy of these skull base lesions, preoperative embolization is not without risk. It is essential for both endovascular and skull base neurosurgeons to understand these risks in light of the potential benefits. The authors review the vascular anatomy of skull base meningiomas, indications for preoperative devascularization, endovascular techniques, and published results regarding embolization of these lesions.
Recent Anti-Microbial Exposure Is Associated with More Complications after Elective Surgery.

Abstract Background: Recent anti-microbial exposure has been associated with poor outcomes after infection in a mixed population. We hypothesized that recent anti-microbial exposure would be associ...
Training and Retraining I-O Psychology Faculty for Internationalization

This chapter is broadly directed toward industrial and organizational (I–O) psychology graduate programs and is intended to support efforts for faculty to internationalize their programs. They may be at various points on the journey to respond to the increasingly global context of their work and are likely to have many questions about their role in the process, their goals, and which of many possible approaches would be most effective and the best fit for their particular program. Goals related to designing the curricula, adapting the programs, and developing the future generation of I–O psychologists must be tied to a specification of the competencies needed for success. It is difficult to separate the need for developing these competencies in the students as well as in the faculty members. This chapter is focused on developing faculty, but the ultimate goal is developing future I–O psychologists. The assumption is that the faculty must first have the competencies to effectively train the students. The purpose of this chapter is to help guide I–O psychology faculty in assessing themselves and their programs, identifying the objectives of internationalization, and developing action plans to achieve their objectives. It includes background on broader academic internationalization efforts, activities specifically related to psychology, and the role of faculty in internationalization. It provides an overview of models of global competencies and identifies specific competencies and methods of assessment. The perspective on training faculty is based on established I–O psychology methodologies and addresses multilevel strategies to internationalize—individual, program, university, and external to the university. The final section looks to the future of international I–O psychology. Some personal anecdotes of the author are integrated into this chapter to emphasize the role of the individual faculty member. At the end of each of the major sections, a set of questions is presented to guide thinking and to provide some direction for internationalization efforts in I–O psychology graduate programs. Tools for assessment and planning are included in the appendices.
A virtual-source emission-diffusion I-V model for ultra-thin black phosphorus field-effect transistors

In this paper, we develop an analytic model based on the theory of virtual-source emission-diffusion (VS-ED) to describe ambipolar current conduction in ultrathin black phosphorus (BP) field-effect transistors (FETs). Unlike the VS model which is strictly applicable to quasiballistic devices, the VS-ED model can be applied to long-channel devices with drift-diffusive transport. The model comprehends the in-plane band structure anisotropy in BP, as well as the asymmetry in electron and hole current conduction characteristics. The model also includes the effect of Schottky-type source/drain contact resistances, which are voltage-dependent and can significantly limit current conduction in the on-state in BP FETs. Model parameters are extracted using measured data of back-gated BP transistors with gate lengths of 1000 nm and 300 nm with BP thicknesses of 7.3 nm and 8.1 nm, and for the temperature range 180–298 K. Compared to previous BP models that are validated only for room temperature and near-equilibrium bias conditions (low drain-source voltage), we demonstrate an excellent agreement between the model and data over a broad range of bias and temperature values. The model is also validated against numerical technology computer-aided design data of back- and top-gated BP transistors with a channel length of 300 nm and a thickness of 8.1 nm. The model is implemented in Verilog-A, and the capability of the model to handle both dc and transient circuit simulations is demonstrated using SPECTRE. The model not only provides physical insight into technology-device interaction in BP transistors but can also be used to design and optimize BP-based circuits using a standard hierarchical circuit simulator.
Gradual trade liberalization in a North–South model of the product cycle

The catchup and convergence of some developing countries with the Western hemisphere is a major experience in modern history. In this paper we investigate the impact on welfare and convergence of a gradual decay in trade costs within a North–South, product cycle setting. In contrast to the existing literature on product cycles with expanding-product-variety models, we explore analytically the consequences of a gradual globalization at any level of initial trade costs. It is proved that convergence only arises if the size and R&D productivity of the South is sufficiently small, relative to the North. Furthermore, lower trade costs are shown to be always beneficial to both the South and the North, under all relevant parameter values.
Comparative efficacy of human-simulated epithelial lining fluid exposures of tedizolid, linezolid and vancomycin in neutropenic and immunocompetent murine models of staphylococcal pneumonia.

Objectives Few antibiotics are approved to treat Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Tedizolid is an oxazolidinone with potent in vitro activity against S. aureus and is currently under investigation for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. Limited data exist on the comparative efficacy of tedizolid versus current first-line treatments vancomycin and linezolid in the compromised host. Our objective was to compare the efficacy of human-simulated epithelial lining fluid (ELF) exposures of tedizolid, linezolid and vancomycin against S. aureus in neutropenic and immunocompetent murine pneumonia models. Methods Eight S. aureus isolates (four MRSA and four MSSA) were studied. Neutropenic and immunocompetent mice were inoculated intranasally with bacterial suspensions of 107 and 109 cfu/mL, respectively, then treated for up to 72 h with model-specific regimens of tedizolid, linezolid and vancomycin simulating human ELF exposures after clinical doses. Mice were sacrificed at 24, 48 or 72 h and changes in log10 cfu/lungs were compared with 0 h controls. Results Mean bacterial burdens at 0 h were 5.81 and 8.17 log10 cfu/lungs for neutropenic and immunocompetent mice, respectively, and increased at 24 h in the absence of antibiotic treatment to 7.97 and 9.00 log10 cfu/lungs, respectively. In neutropenic and immunocompetent mice, tedizolid was associated with bacterial density changes of -2.69 ± 0.62 and -3.57 ± 0.88 log10 cfu/lungs at 72 h, respectively. In both models, tedizolid treatment produced greater bacterial reductions than vancomycin and was not statistically significantly different from linezolid. Conclusions Human-simulated ELF exposures of tedizolid demonstrated sustained efficacy in compromised and competent models of pneumonia. Validation of these findings in patients is warranted.
Detection of Hypoxanthine Guanine Phosphoribosyl Transferase Heterozygotes by Thin Layer Chromatography and Autoradiography

An almost complete deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) is known to be the cause of the Lesch—Nyhan syndrome (1,2). The gene for HPRT is located on the X—chromosome, so that heterozygous females show two populations of cells, one HPRT+ and one HPRT−, as predicted by the hypothesis of Lyon (3,4). Such mosaicism has been demonstrated in populations of cultured fibroblasts and in hair root follicles of heterozygotes (4,5).
Pharmacotherapy for Treatment of Comorbid Conditions

This chapter will review classes of and indications for various psychotropics for comorbid psychiatric conditions and pain.
PMSM Current Management with Overcurrent Regulation

In many vehicle systems, the permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) are critical components which provide system propulsion. This work proposes a PMSM current management method with overcurrent regulation. The proposed current management method aims at achieving online machine current trajectory tracking and overcurrent regulation. The current trajectory tracking is to explore optimal current commands which ensure maximum system efficiency or maximum torque under machine voltage capability, and the overcurrent regulation is to limit machine current and thereby enhance the system reliability by reducing overcurrent risk of machine and inverter. The proposed method is easy to implement, capable of achieving online overcurrent regulation while maintaining maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) and maximum torque per voltage (MTPV) control without requiring offline calibration, and flexible to tune under changing machine current constraint and system parameter variations.
Tumor Mimics: Benign Conditions that Mimic Prostate Cancer

The prostate gland is affected by a variety of other pathologies, apart from prostate cancer. While the main objective of multiparametric MRI is evaluation of prostate cancer, a variety of normal structures as well as benign pathologies can mimic prostate cancer. This chapter depicts the MR appearances of normal structures and benign pathologies that may be mistaken for prostate cancer.
Does Femoral Morphology Predict the Risk of Periprosthetic Fracture After Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Periprosthetic femur fracture remains a leading mode of early failure following cementless total hip arthroplasty (THA). The purpose of this study is to determine if a specific femoral morphology is associated with an increased risk of acute, periprosthetic fracture after cementless THA. Methods An institutional arthroplasty registry was used to identify 32 primary, cementless THAs revised for acute, postoperative periprosthetic fracture (“fracture” cohort) within 3 months of the index procedure. Patients were matched 1:2 to 64 THAs without fracture (“control” cohort) for age, body mass index, gender, and stem design. Preoperative radiographic measurements performed on anteroposterior pelvis and femur radiographs included the neck-shaft angle, endosteal width at 4 locations, and external cortical diameter at 2 locations. These measurements were used to calculate the morphological cortical index, canal flare index, canal calcar ratio, and canal bone ratio. Postoperative measurements included canal fill and stem alignment. Statistical analyses included clustered regressions, Fisher’s exact test, and Student’s t-test. Results The mean endosteal width at 10 cm distal to the lesser trochanter was greater in fracture patients, although not statistically significant (P = .1). However, this resulted in differences in the canal flare index (P = .03), canal calcar ratio (P = .03), and canal bone ratio (P = .03) between the 2 cohorts. These ratios indicate decreased meta-diaphyseal taper in fracture patients. Preoperative femoral neck-shaft angle was more varus in fracture patients (P = .04). Conclusion Patients sustaining an acute, periprosthetic fracture with cementless femoral fixation after THA had thinner distal cortices and a decreased meta-diaphyseal taper.
Triplet Matching for Estimating Causal Effects With Three Treatment Arms: A Comparative Study of Mortality by Trauma Center Level

Comparing outcomes across different levels of trauma centers is vital in evaluating regionalized trauma care. With observational data, it is critical to adjust for patient characteristics to render...
Shared Envelope Tracking for Time-Delayed Power Amplifiers in Phased Array Systems

Analysis shows that multiple time-delayed power amplifiers can share a single envelope tracker and provide a significant improvement over statically supplied amplifiers. Phased arrays are a suitable application of this technique. Our analysis shows a 15 point efficiency improvement over a static supply when amplifying a two-tone signal. We claim that sharing an envelope tracker is justified when $\frac{1}{2} \gg \frac{\Delta f}{f_{0}} \sin(\theta) (N-1$ ), where $\frac{\Delta f}{f_{0}}$ is the fractional bandwidth of the signal, $\theta$ is the maximum steering angle, and $N$ is the number of elements sharing an envelope tracker. Closed form analytic solutions of a two-tone signal are presented to verify the concept.
Behavioral phenotypes of childhood idiopathic epilepsies

Objective To characterize the presence and nature of discrete behavioral phenotypes and their correlates in a cohort of youth with new and recent onset focal and generalized epilepsies. Methods The parents of 290 youth (age = 8-18 years) with epilepsy (n = 183) and typically developing participants (n = 107) completed the Child Behavior Checklist for children aged 6-18 from the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment. The eight behavior problem scales were subjected to hierarchical clustering analytics to identify behavioral subgroups. To characterize the external validity and co-occurring comorbidities of the identified subgroups, we examined demographic features (age, gender, handedness), cognition (language, perception, attention, executive function, speed), academic problems (present/absent), clinical epilepsy characteristics (epilepsy syndrome, medications), familial factors (parental intelligence quotient, education, employment), neuroimaging features (cortical thickness), parent-observed day-to-day executive function, and number of lifetime-to-date Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) diagnoses. Results Hierarchical clustering identified three behavioral phenotypes, which included no behavioral complications (Cluster 1, 67% of epilepsy cohort [n = 122]), nonexternalizing problems (Cluster 2, 11% of cohort [n = 21]), and combined internalizing and externalizing problems (Cluster 3, 22% of cohort [n = 40]). These behavioral phenotypes were characterized by orderly differences in personal characteristics, neuropsychological status, history of academic problems, parental status, cortical thickness, daily executive function, and number of lifetime-to-date DSM-IV diagnoses. Cluster 1 was most similar to controls across most metrics, whereas Cluster 3 was the most abnormal compared to controls. Epilepsy syndrome was not a predictor of cluster membership. Significance Youth with new and recent onset epilepsy fall into three distinct behavioral phenotypes associated with a variety of co-occurring features and comorbidities. This approach identifies important phenotypes of behavior problem presentations and their accompanying factors that serve to advance clinical and theoretical understanding of the behavioral complications of children with epilepsy and the complex conditions with which they co-occur.
Learning Deep Graph Representations via Convolutional Neural Networks

Graph-structured data arise in many scenarios. A fundamental problem is to quantify the similarities of graphs for tasks such as classification. R-convolution graph kernels are positive-semidefinite functions that decompose graphs into substructures and compare them. One problem in the effective implementation of this idea is that the substructures are not independent, which leads to high-dimensional feature space. In addition, graph kernels cannot capture the high-order complex interactions between vertices. To mitigate these two problems, we propose a framework called DeepMap to learn deep representations for graph feature maps. The learned deep representation for a graph is a dense and low-dimensional vector that captures complex high-order interactions in a vertex neighborhood. DeepMap extends Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to arbitrary graphs by generating aligned vertex sequences and building the receptive field for each vertex. We empirically validate DeepMap on various graph classification benchmarks and demonstrate that it achieves state-of-the-art performance.
Abstract IA26: Tumor evolution: From Darwin’s finches to breast cancer

Tumor evolution is driven by heterogeneity for heritable traits in combination with environmental selection forces including cancer therapies. We have been investigating intratumor cellular genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in breast tumors and described that higher heterogeneity is associated with poor clinical outcomes. We have also developed experimental models of intratumor subclonal heterogeneity and demonstrated that more heterogeneous tumors grow faster and develop heterogeneous distant metastases. By analyzing the underlying mechanisms we defined that intratumor heterogeneity is maintained by non-cell-autonomous factors and clonal cooperation drives metastases by modulating the local and systemic microenvironments. Lastly, we have identified epigenetic enzymes as regulators of cellular transcriptomic heterogeneity and showed that by modulating the activity of these enzymes, we can decrease cellular heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. Overall, our studies demonstrate the need to study cancer patients as a whole and to apply a combination of molecular profiling, including single cell assays, and mathematical modeling to understand how tumors evolved and to develop more effective cancer therapeutic strategies based on this knowledge. Citation Format: Kornelia Polyak. Tumor evolution: From Darwin’s finches to breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr IA26.
Host-specific epibiomes of distinct Acropora cervicornis genotypes persist after field transplantation

Microbiome studies across taxa have established the influence of host genotype on microbial recruitment and maintenance. However, research exploring host-specific epibionts in scleractinian corals is scant and the influence of intraspecific differences across environments remains unclear. Here, we studied the epibiome of ten Acropora cervicornis genotypes to investigate the relative roles of host genotype and environment in structuring the epibiome. Coral mucus was sampled in a common garden nursery from replicate ramets of distinct genotypes (T0). Coral fragment replicates (n=3) of each genotype were then transplanted to nine different field sites in the Lower Florida Keys and mucus was again sampled one year later from surviving ramets (T12). 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to assess microbial composition, richness, and beta-diversity. The most abundant and consistent amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) in all samples belonged to Fokiniaceae (MD3-55 genus) and Cyanobacteria (Synechococccus). The abundances of these bacterial taxa varied consistently between genotypes whereas neither the composition nor taxonomic abundance were significantly different among field sites. Interestingly, several high MD3-55 hosting genotypes showed rapid diversification and an increase in MD3-55 following transplantation. Overall, our results indicate healthy A. cervicornis genotypes retain distinct epibiome signatures through time, suggesting a strong host component. Lastly, our results show that differences in MD3-55 abundances can be consistently detected in the epibiome of distinct host-genotypes of A. cervicornis. As this organism (sensu Aquarickettsia rohweri) has been implicated as a marker of disease resistance, this finding reinforces the potential use of microbial indicators in reef restoration efforts via non-invasive surface/mucus sampling.
Peripheral Neuropathy

Peripheral neuropathy is thought to affect approximately 24 % of the population over age 70 [3]. It is associated with significant disability and sometimes pain, and its management is often challenging for practitioners. Proper identification and diagnosis is essential as several of its etiologies are treatable, and treatment may not only slow progression but also lead to improvement in nerve function. This review will address the appropriate initial evaluation of these patients, including suitable initial testing and novel diagnostic considerations. Common treatment strategies are discussed, with a focus on neuropathic pain and mobility.
Polarization Effects in De-Excitation Gamma-Rays Following \( \left( {\vec p,p'} \right) \) Reactions

In this work de-excitation γ-rays following \( \left( {\vec p,p'} \right) \) reactions were studied without detection of the outgoing protons. Such an experiment was first reported by Glavish et al.1). Transversely polarized protons from the Rutgers FN tandem and atomic beam polarized source were used to bom-bard targets of 26Mg and 92Mo; Ge(Li) detectors located symmetrically on either side of the beam, in a plane perpendicular to the beam polarization, were used to measure the left-right asymmetry of de-excitation γ-rays following inelastic scattering.
Defective lysosomal egress of free sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) in fibroblasts of patients with infantile free sialic acid storage disease.

Abstract Egress of free NeuAc from normal lysosome-rich granular fractions was assessed at NeuAc concentrations of up to 221 pmol/hexosaminidase unit, achieved by exposure of growing fibroblasts to 40-125 nM N-acetylmannosamine for up to 7 days. The normal velocity of NeuAc egress increased with NeuAc loading and with temperature, exhibiting a Q10 of 2.4, characteristic of carrier-mediated transport. Fibroblasts cultured from five patients with infantile free sialic acid storage disease (ISSD) contained approximately 139 nmol of free NeuAc/mg of whole cell protein, or 100 times the normal level. Differential centrifugation, as well as density gradient analysis using 25% Percoll, showed that the stored NeuAc cosedimented with the lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase. The velocity of appearance of free NeuAc outside ISSD granular fractions was negligible, even at initial loading levels of up to 3500 pmol/hexosaminidase unit. The lack of egress from ISSD granular fractions was found for both endogenous and N-acetylmannosamine-derived NeuAc. Fibroblasts from ISSD parents did not accumulate excess free NeuAc and did not display a velocity of NeuAc egress significantly different from normal. The defect in ISSD, like that in Salla disease, appears to be an impairment of carrier-mediated transport of free NeuAc across the lysosomal membrane. Clinical and biochemical differences between Salla disease and ISSD may reflect differences in the amount of residual NeuAc transport capacity.
On synthesizing distributed firewall configurations considering risk, usability and cost constraints

Firewalls are the most deployed security devices in computer networks. Nevertheless, designing and configuring distributed firewalls, which include determining access control rules and device placement in the network, is still a significantly complex task as it requires balancing between connectivity requirements and the inherent risk and cost. Formal approaches that allow for investigating distributed firewall configuration space systematically are highly needed to optimize decision support under multiple design constraints. The objective of this paper is to automatically synthesize the implementation of distributed filtering architecture and configuration that will minimize security risk while considering connectivity requirements, user usability and budget constraints. Our automatic synthesis generates not only the complete rule configuration for each firewall to satisfy risk and connectivity constraints, but also the optimal firewall placement in the networks to minimizes spurious traffic. We define fine-grain risk, usability and cost metrics tunable to match business requirements, and formalize the configuration synthesis as an optimization problem. We then show that distributed firewall synthesis is an NP-hard problem and provide heuristic approximation algorithms. We implemented our approach in a tool called FireBlanket that were rigorously evaluated under different network sizes, topologies and budget requirements. Our evaluation study shows that the results obtained by FireBlanket are close to the theoretical lower bound and the performance is scalable with the network size.
PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF BRACHIDINIUM CAPITATUM (DINOPHYCEAE) FROM THE GULF OF MEXICO INDICATES MEMBERSHIP IN THE KARENIACEAE(1).

Brachidinium capitatum F. J. R. Taylor, typically considered a rare oceanic dinoflagellate, and one which has not been cultured, was observed at elevated abundances (up to 65 cells · mL(-1) ) at a coastal station in the western Gulf of Mexico in the fall of 2007. Continuous data from the Imaging FlowCytobot (IFCB) provided cell images that documented the bloom during 3 weeks in early November. Guided by IFCB observations, field collection permitted phylogenetic analysis and evaluation of the relationship between Brachidinium and Karenia. Sequences from SSU, LSU, internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and cox1 regions for B. capitatum were compared with five other species of Karenia; all B. capitatum sequences were unique but supported its placement within the Kareniaceae. From a total of 71,487 images, data on the timing and frequency of dividing cells was also obtained for B. capitatum, allowing the rate of division for B. capitatum to be estimated. The maximum daily growth rate estimate was 0.22 d(-1) . Images showed a range in morphological variability, with the position of the four major processes highly variable. The combination of morphological features similar to the genus Karenia and a phylogenetic analysis placing B. capitatum in the Karenia clade leads us to propose moving the genus Brachidinium into the Kareniaceae. However, the lack of agreement among individual gene phylogenies suggests that the inclusion of different genes and more members of the genus Karenia are necessary before a final determination regarding the validity of the genus Brachidinium can be made.
Utilization of the Eastern Hardwood Resource by the Hardwood Sawmilling Industry

The eastern hardwood resource contains numerous species that differ in grain, color, texture, and workability. Because the value of hardwoods is derived from appearance, these variations in physical attributes can cause the price for identical grades of hardwood lumber to vary by as much as 600% between species. As a result, there is incentive for primary processors to harvest certain species more intensively than others, which could affect long-term forest composition. This article introduces the concept of relative utilization to augment the infrequently published annualized growth-to-drain ratio and examines the relative utilization of 13 eastern hardwood species on a national and regional basis. An analysis of relative utilization coefficients developed from primary and secondary data showed that black cherry, red oak, hard maple, and yellow-poplar were relatively overutilized, while the gums, hickory, and beech were underutilized. Relative utilization has varied by species over time due to changes in furniture styling and the ability of industry to substitute species. Shade-tolerant species such as hard and soft maple are regenerating faster than shade-tolerant species, resulting in increased long-term supply even if current sawtimber volumes are relatively overutilized.
Esmeralda Bank: Geochemistry of an active submarine volcano in the Mariana Island Arc

Esmeralda Bank is the southernmost active volcano in the Izu-Volcano-Mariana Arc. This submarine volcano is one of the most active vents in the western Pacific. It has a total volume of about 27 km3, rising to within 30 m of sea level. Two dredge hauls from Esmeralda recovered fresh, nearly aphyric, vesicular basalts and basaltic andesites and minor basaltic vitrophyre. These samples reflect uniform yet unusual major and trace element chemistries. Mean abundances of TiO2 (1.3%) and FeO* (12.6%) are higher and CaO (9.2%) and Al2O3 (15.1%) are lower than rocks of similar silica content from other active Mariana Arc volcanoes. Mean incompatible element ratios K/Rb (488) and K/Ba (29) of Esmeralda rocks are indistinguishable from those of other Mariana Arc volcanoes. On a Ti-Zr plot, Esmeralda samples plot in the field of oceanic basalts while other Mariana Arc volcanic rocks plot in the field for island arcs.
Pitfalls of using unit values as a price measure or price index

In many well known studies, unit values are often used in place of observed prices when constructing price indexes or modeling demand systems. This study shows that one cannot get consistent estimates by replacing prices with their unit values. When computing price indexes, the use of unit values or unit value indexes will misspecify substitution effects and mismeasure the true price. The use of unit values as a price regressor in an aggregate demand model will misspecify the model even though the functional form of the demand model is correct. I then present empirical investigations using cereal sales data to evaluate a well known paper that estimated the welfare gain of a new cereal brand. I show that the use of unit values in this study biases the estimate of the welfare gain of the new brand. JEL Codes: C43, C51.
GLACE: a technology demonstration experiment for laser cooled atomic clocks in space

Summary form only given. The long observation times afforded by laser cooling of neutral atoms ushered in a new era of accuracy and stability for cesium atomic clocks. Traditional thermal beam atomic clocks are limited to interaction times of only a few milliseconds, while with laser cooling times of order 1 second have been realized with high stability. Most laser cooled clocks use a "fountain" geometry, in which the atoms are thrown up against the pull of gravity and realize longer times before falling back to the bottom of the apparatus. We have been developing a laser-cooling apparatus for flight on the International Space Station (ISS), with the intention of demonstrating linewidths of the cesium clock transition narrower than can be realized on the ground.