cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Plasma lipid levels predict dysglycemia in a biracial cohort of nondiabetic subjects: Potential mechanisms.

Dyslipidemia and dysglycemia are etiologically associated, but the direction, chronology, and mechanisms of the association are not fully understood. We, therefore, analyzed data from 335 healthy adults (184 black, 151 white) enrolled in the Pathobiology of Prediabetes in A Biracial Cohort study. Subjects underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and were enrolled if they had normal fasting and 2-h plasma glucose levels. Assessments during year 1 included anthropometry, fasting lipid profile, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion. Thereafter, OGTT was assessed annually for 5.5 years. The primary outcome was occurrence of prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance) or diabetes. During a mean follow-up of 2.62 years, 110 participants (32.8%) developed prediabetes (N = 100) or diabetes (N = 10). In multivariate logistic regression models, higher baseline low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride levels and lower HDL cholesterol levels significantly increased the risk of incident prediabetes. The combined relative risk (95% confidence interval [CI]) of prediabetes for participants with lower baseline HDL cholesterol (10th vs. 90th percentile), higher LDL cholesterol (90th vs. 10th percentile) and high triglycerides levels (90th vs. 10th percentile) was 4.12 (95% CI 1.61-10.56), P = 0.0032. At baseline, lipid values showed significant associations with measures of adiposity, glycemia, insulin sensitivity, and secretion. In both ethnic groups, waist circumference correlated positively with triglycerides and inversely with HDL cholesterol levels (P = 0.0004-<0.0001); fasting plasma glucose correlated positively with triglycerides and LDL cholesterol levels and inversely with HDL cholesterol levels (P = 0.006-<0.0001); insulin sensitivity correlated positively with HDL cholesterol and inversely with triglyceride levels (P < 0.0001), and insulin secretion correlated positively with triglycerides (P = 0.01) and inversely with HDL cholesterol (P < 0.0001). We conclude that a baseline lipidemic signature identifies normoglycemic individuals at high risk for future glycemic progression, via congruent associations with adiposity and glucoregulatory mechanisms. These findings suggest that early lifestyle intervention could ameliorate progressive dyslipidemia and dysglycemia.
Gating of Local Network Signals Appears as Stimulus-Dependent Activity Envelopes in Striate Cortex

Neuronal activity often is treated as a composition of a stimulus-driven component and a second component that corrupts the signal, adding or deleting spikes at random. Standard quantitative methods such as peristimulus histograms and Fourier analysis use stimulus-locked averaging to enhance detection of the driven component of neuronal responses and de-emphasize the “noise.” However, neural activity also includes bursts, oscillations, and other episodic events that standard averaging methods overlook. If this activity is stimulus independent, it can be characterized by standard power spectral analysis (or autocorrelation). But activity that is excited by (but not temporally locked to) the visual stimulus cannot be characterized by averaging or standard spectral analysis. Phase-locked spectral analysis (PLSA) is a new method that examines this “residual” activity—the difference between the individual responses to each cycle of a periodic stimulus and their average. With PLSA, residual activity is characte...
Improving situational awareness for instructional communication research: a forum response

Authors in this forum provide direct and well-justified answers to the guiding question. Although nuanced differences exist, readers will likely arrive at a common conclusion: instructional communi...
Listening to Arab modernity

Two primary impulses – one aesthetic, one political – appear to drive Norient’s 2013 vinyl release of a “mix edit” of their project, Sonic Traces from the Arab World. Aesthetically, the release is ...
B-Lymphocyte Development Is Impaired by FLT3/ITD Signaling in Knock-in Mice Because of Defective Non-Homologous End-Joining.

Abstract 184 Constitutive activation of FLT3 by internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutations is one of the most common molecular alterations found in up to 35% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 3% of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). Its roles in leukemic transformation of normal hematopoietic stem/ progenitor cells (HSPCs) are not yet fully understood. We have generated a FLT3/ITD knock-in mouse model in which mice heterozygous for a FLT3/ITD mutation develop myeloid proliferation and a block in B-lymphocyte development at the Pro-B stage. To investigate the mechanisms for this block in lymphoid development, we studied V(D)J recombination in the B-lineage cells from the bone marrow (BM) of FLT3/ITD mice. The ligation-mediated PCR assay showed that Pro-B cells from FLT3/ITD mice accumulated high levels of signal-end recombination intermediates, generated by DNA cleavage at the DJ H recombination signal sequences (RSSs), with a concomitant decrease in the frequency of completed DJ H rearrangements when compared to wild-type littermate controls. These observations are consistent with decreased repair of double strand breaks (DSBs) introduced by the V(D)J recombinase in B cell progenitors from FLT3/ITD mice, resulting in impaired development beyond the Pro-B stage. The classical Ku and DNA-PK-dependent non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway is required for rejoining DSBs during V(D)J recombination. In vivo NHEJ assays demonstrate that BM cells, including Pro-B cells, with FLT3/ITD mutations have a lower efficiency and decreased accuracy of repair of DSBs, suggesting a defect in the classical NHEJ pathway. Quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis of Pro-B cells from FLT3/ITD mice demonstrate greatly reduced expression of Ku70/Ku86 and Ligase IV, key components of the the classical NHEJ pathway, confirming the idea that Classical NHEJ is defective. We and others have recently demonstrated that alternative (ALT) NHEJ pathway(s) compensate for deficiencies in classical NHEJ. Components of this pathway include DNA ligase III/XRCC1 and poly (ADP) ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). Indeed, we show by Western blotting analysis that steady state levels of ALT NHEJ components DNA ligase III and PARP1 are increased in FLT3/ITD cells, compared with wild-type controls. These data suggest that during the process of DJ H recombination in Pro-B cells from FLT3/ITD mice, impairment of the classical NHEJ pathway decreases the ability of cells to complete post-cleavage DSB ligation, resulting in failure to complete DJ H recombination with a subsequent block of Pro-B cell maturation. With the classical NHEJ pathway impaired, BM cells from mice with FLT3/ITD mutations appear to repair DSBs through the highly error-prone ALT NHEJ pathway. The resultant increased genomic instability might underlie an important mechanism for the leukemic transformation of normal HSPCs by FLT3/ITD mutations and explain the poor prognosis of AML patients with this mutation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Oleocanthal ameliorates amyloid-β oligomers' toxicity on astrocytes and neuronal cells: In vitro studies.

Abstract Extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) has several health promoting effects. Evidence have shown that EVOO attenuates the pathology of amyloid-β (Aβ) and improves cognitive function in experimental animal models, suggesting it’s potential to protect and reduce the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Available studies have linked this beneficial effect to oleocanthal, one of the active components in EVOO. The effect of oleocanthal against AD pathology has been linked to its ability to attenuate Aβ and tau aggregation in vitro , and enhance Aβ clearance from the brains of wild-type and AD transgenic mice in vivo . However, the ability of oleocanthal to alter the toxic effect of Aβ on brain parenchymal cells is unknown. In the current study, we investigated oleocanthal effect on modulating Aβ oligomers (Aβo) pathological events in neurons and astrocytes. Our findings demonstrated oleocanthal prevented Aβo-induced synaptic proteins, SNAP-25 and PSD-95, down-regulation in neurons, and attenuated Aβo-induced inflammation, glutamine transporter (GLT1) and glucose transporter (GLUT1) down-regulation in astrocytes. Aβo-induced inflammation was characterized by interleukin-6 (IL-6) increase and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) upregulation that were reduced by oleocanthal. In conclusion, this study provides further evidence to support the protective effect of EVOO-derived phenolic secoiridoid oleocanthal against AD pathology.
Conceptualizing Community Engagement: Starting a Campus-Wide Dialogue

Institutions of higher education are increasingly compelled to produce evidence that illustrates their contribution to society. In this age of demonstrating value added, self-assessment is critical for urban and metropolitan universities. This study will explore the design and implementation of a landscape analysis – phase one of an in-depth self-assessment – at the University of Nebraska at Omaha (UNO). This process is intended to help universities gain a better understanding of how community engagement is conceptualized and institutionalized on their campus. A thorough understanding of the meaning of, and linguistics associated with, community engagement is imperative for the creation of community engagement measurement and assessment mechanisms. The authors will share the methodology and key findings, which include the discovery of domains of community engagement and acknowledgement of a spectrum of engagement.
Education in Iran: Limitations Imposed by Theocracy

Following the 1979 Islamic Revolution, the shift to a fully theocratic state radically changed society, including the structure, culture, and intellectual focus of education. Under clerical â€œguardianship of the jurisprudent,â€ curriculum at all levels became a tool for political and ideological propaganda, with as much as 25% of the day devoted to Shiâ€™ite religious instruction. Systematic changes completely reversed any hint of modernization from pre-revolutionary days, institutionalizing a significant discriminatory bias throughout society. Religious minorities are sanctioned and systematically harassed with impunity. The Islamization of education included forced conformity of all courses of study and textbooks to Shiâ€™ite rules and values, suppression of any non-Shiâ€™ite beliefs or historical context, the institution of religious loyalty tests for teachers and students, and mandatory segregation of schools by gender. Despite almost equal attainment at every educational level, massive educational inequities persist for women, who are officially excluded from many high-paying technical fields. Rigid theocratic control ultimately limits attempts to modernize or democratize education and any associated opportunities. Public criticism is guarded at best, due to the risk of reprisal, but many Iranians privately acknowledge a growing pressure for reform.
Bodies Made Public: The Homeless Body in 1980s Los Angeles

There is an unspoken danger surrounding homelessness. Most people avoid speaking to or even lookingat homeless people they see on the street or from their cars; the presence of homeless people can evoke pity,disgust, or fear. The condition of homelessness eclipses personhood because homeless people are not seen asindividuals but as the unwashed masses. Homelessness clearly affects the body because it is constantly exposedto the elements and lacks access to adequate facilities like restrooms and washing spaces. Throughout the1980s, there was a rising rate of homelessness in the United States. The City of Los Angeles responded to largenumbers of homeless people by attempting to eradicate homeless bodies, it did not, however, do much toeradicate homelessness. Homelessness forces bodies to be public yet homeless people are excluded from theconcept of “the public” and are perceived as a threat to health and safety. Throughout the 1980s, the exclusionof homeless people from the public occurred physically—through space—and figuratively—through discourse. Bodies Made Public: The Homeless Body in 1980s Los Angeles by Kathryn Reuter is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Quantum Chemical Spectral Characterization of CH2NH2+ for Remote Sensing of Titan’s Atmosphere

Abstract Cassini has shown that CH 2 NH 2 + is likely present in relatively high abundance in Titan’s upper atmosphere. Relatively little is known about this molecule even though it contains the same number of electrons as ethylene, a molecule of significance to Titan’s chemistry. Any studies on CH 2 NH 2 + with application to Titan or its atmospheric chemistry will have to be done remotely at this point with the end of the fruitful Cassini mission. Consequently, trusted quantum chemical techniques are utilized here to produce the rotational, vibrational, and rovibrational spectroscopic constants for CH 2 NH 2 + for the first time. The methodology produces a tightly fit potential energy surface here that is well-behaved indicating a strong credence in the accuracy for the produced values. Most notably, the 884.1 cm − 1 NH 2 out-of-plane bend is the brightest of the vibrational frequencies reported here for CH 2 NH 2 + , and an observed and unattributed feature in this spectral region has been documented but never assigned to a molecular carrier. Follow-up IR or radio observations making use of the 540 GHz to 660 GHz range with the 0.45 D molecular dipole moment will have to be undertaken in order to confirm this or any attribution, but the data provided in this work will greatly assist in any such studies related to CH 2 NH 2 + .
Calcium and polyphosphoinositide regulation of actin network structure by gelsolin.

Receptor-mediated stimulation induces a rapid and transient reorganization of the actin filaments within the cytoskeleton of a variety of cells1–3. Although the pathways involved in mediating these changes are not well understood, several modulating proteins are likely to be involved4,5. In this paper, I will review the properties of gelsolin, a Ca2+ and polyphosphoinositide-modulated actin regulatory protein which has powerful effects on actin filament structure. Because Ca and polyphosphoinositide levels change transiently following agonist stimulation, gelsolin may have a pivotal role in modulating cytoskeletal changes.
Introduction: Material Religion in Latin America

This special issue of Material Religion is dedicated to Latin America, and really to Las Americas, that is, to the entire constellation of New World territories that were at some point under Spanis...
Comparative Cognition: Rats Pay Back Quid Pro Quo.

Summary Humans engage in exchanges of commodities or services, often paying back a commodity with a different service. New research suggests that rats can reciprocally trade food for allogrooming, and vice versa .
On Finite Groups Acting on Contractible Complexes of Dimension Two

We show that every action of a finite group on a one-connected diagrammatically reducible two-complex has a fixed point. The proof makes use of Stallings' notion of foldings of graphs, appropriately adapted to a certain two-dimensional setting.
Estradiol-17β stimulates H 2 S biosynthesis by ER-dependent CBS and CSE transcription in uterine artery smooth muscle cells in vitro.

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), synthesized by cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), is a potent vasodilator that can be stimulated by estradiol-17β (E 2 β) in uterine artery (UA) smooth muscle (UASMC) in vivo; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study tested a hypothesis that E 2 β stimulates H 2 S biosynthesis by upregulating CBS expression via specific estrogen receptor (ER). Treatment with E 2 β stimulated time- and concentration- dependent CBS and CSE messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expressions, and H 2 S production in cultured primary UASMC isolated from late pregnant ewes, which were blocked by ICI 182,780. Treatment with specific ERα or ERβ agonist mimicked these E 2 β-stimulated responses, which were blocked by specific ERα or ERβ antagonist. Moreover, E 2 β activated both CBS and CSE promoters and ICI 182,780 blocked the E 2 β-stimulated responses. Thus, E 2 β stimulates H 2 S production by upregulating CBS and CSE expression via specific ER-dependent transcription in UASMC in vitro.
Disabusing Physicians of the Assumption of Competing Interests.

Research shows that certain factors typically occur around those physicians who commit serious ethical violations. The goal of this research is to implement more effective policies and regulations ...
Das Entity-Relationship-Modell

Jedes DB-System stutzt sich auf ein Datenmodell. Ein Datenmodell ist ein (mathematischer) Formalismus, der aus einer Notation zur Schemabeschreibung (DDL) und aus einem Satz von Operationen zur DB-Manipulation (DML) besteht.
Analysis of the Transition Time between the Space-Charge-Limited and Inverse Regimes

Accumulation of cold ions trapped within a space-charge-limited sheath collapses the sheath, causing a transition to the inverse sheath mode. A driving mechanism creating trapped ions is charge-exchange collisions which occur between fast ions and cold neutrals. Due to the complex nature of the temporally evolving sheath, it is difficult to predict how long the transition takes. Depending on the properties of the plasma, emitted electrons, and neutrals, the time scale can range from microseconds to hours. For experimental situations, it is important to understand whether the sheath will transition to an inverse mode within the observation time allotted. In this paper, we establish a theoretical basis for defining transition time of the sheath in terms of plasma properties. Calculations include an analytical approximation for the length of the virtual cathode, the amount of charged particles in each layer of the space-charge-limited sheath, and a time for its transition to the inverse sheath. The theoretical model is then compared to 1D kinetic simulations of a space-charge-limited sheath with charge-exchange collisions present. The results are applied to estimate transition time scales for applications in laboratory plasma experiments, the lunar sheath, and tokamaks.
Mid-level smoke control for 2D animation

In this paper we introduce the notion that artists should be able to control fluid simulations by providing examples of expected local fluid behavior (for instance, an artist might specify that magical smoke often forms star shapes). As our idea fits between high-level, global pose control and low-level parameter adjustment, we deem it mid-level control. We make our notion concrete by demonstrating two mid-level controllers providing stylized smoke effects for two-dimensional animations. With these two controllers, we allow the artist to specify both density patterns, or particle motifs, which should emerge frequently within the fluid and global texture motifs to which the fluid should conform. Each controller is responsible for constructing a stylized version of the current fluid state, which we feed-back into a global pose control method. This feedback mechanism allows the smoke to retain fluid-like behavior, while also attaining a stylized appearance suitable to integration with 2D animations. We integrate these mid-level controls with an interactive animation system, in which the user can control and keyframe all animation parameters using an interactive timeline view.
Bisexuality, Bad Girls, and Bullying

Bisexual-identified students face ongoing challenges such as denial of their identity, negative stereotypes, biphobia, and sexual harassment at school. Stigma and denial of bisexuality contribute t...
Symposium review: Nutrition strategies for improved health, production, and fertility during the transition period

Dairy cow nutritional programs are a major determinant of the profitability of dairy farms. Despite this, the sustainability of the dairy enterprise is beyond just cow nutrition. For almost 50 yr, the NC-2042 project (Management Systems to Improve the Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Dairy Enterprises) has been addressing most of these components as individual research units and in integrated ways. This review has the objective to report the body of research developed by members of the group in connection with the existing literature on dietary formulation and feeding management during the dry period, peripartal period, and early postpartum (fresh) period. Peak disease incidence (shortly after parturition) corresponds with the time of greatest negative energy balance (NEB), the peak in blood concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids, and the greatest acceleration of milk yield. Decreased fertility in the face of increasing milk production may be attributable to greater severity of postpartal NEB resulting from inadequate transition management or increased rates of disease. The depth and duration of NEB is highly related to dry matter intake. Periparturient diseases can result from adverse ruminal conditions caused by excessive grain in the precalving or fresh cow diet, perhaps aggravated by overcrowding, heat stress, or other stressors. Others have also implicated inflammatory responses in alterations of metabolism, occurrence of health problems, and impaired reproduction. Providing controlled-energy and negative dietary cation-anion difference diets prepartum may improve dairy cow performance during the transition period. A major area of concern in the fresh cow period is a sudden increase in dietary energy density leading to subacute ruminal acidosis, which can decrease dry matter intake and digestibility of nutrients. Adequate physical form of the diet, derived from either forage neutral detergent fiber content or a mixing strategy of different ingredients in a total mixed ration, must be present to stimulate ruminal activity and chewing behavior. In conclusion, formulation and delivery of appropriate diets that limit total energy intake to requirements but also provide proper intakes of all other nutrients (including the most limiting amino acids Met and Lys) before calving can help lessen the extent of NEB after calving. Effects of such diets on indicators of metabolic health are generally positive, suggesting the potential to lessen effects of periparturient disease on fertility.
Incorporation of coinage metal-NHC complexes into heptaphosphide clusters.

Cu(I) and Au(I) ions, capped with an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), react with (TMS)3P7 (TMS = trimethyl-silyl) to afford an η4-coordinated anion [NHCDippCu–P7(TMS)]− and a neutral trinuclear complex (NHCDippAu)3P7. Protecting the P7 cage with the TMS groups is instrumental in controlling the course of these reactions.
Locality Criteria for Cocommutative Hopf Algebras

We prove that a finite-dimensional cocommutative Hopf algebra H is local, if and only if the subalgebra generated by the first term of its coradical filtration H 1 is local. In particular if H is connected, H is local if and only if all the primitive elements of H are nilpotent.
We did it together

The author describes her reluctant entry into the world of online teaching. Like legions of educators, she was thrust into this world by the COVID-19 pandemic. She had to quickly learn a new way to...
Effects of walking exercise training on learning and memory and hippocampal neuroimaging outcomes in MS: A targeted, pilot randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Purpose The current pilot study involved a single-blind, randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the effects of treadmill walking exercise training compared with an active control condition on learning and memory (L/M) and hippocampal neuroimaging outcomes in 11 fully-ambulatory persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) who demonstrated impairments in new learning. Methods The study protocol is registered at clinicaltrials.gov : NCT03319771 (February 2018). Eleven fully-ambulatory persons with MS-related impairments in new learning were randomly assigned into either 12-weeks of supervised, treadmill walking exercise training or 12-weeks of low-intensity resistive exercise (active control condition). Participants underwent neuropsychological tests of L/M and hippocampal neuroimaging before and after the 12-week study period; outcomes were administered by treatment-blinded assessors. Results There were moderate-to-large intervention effects on measures of verbal L/M (ηp2 = 0.11, d = 0.63, 95% CI: −0.61, 1.83), whereby those in the intervention condition demonstrated improvement in California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) scores compared with the control condition. There were smaller effects on a composite L/M measure (ηp2 = 0.02, d = 0.28, 95% CI: −0.93, 1.46). There were large intervention effects on normalized hippocampal volume (ηp2 = 0.36, d = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.09, 2.82), whereby hippocampal volume was preserved in the intervention condition, compared with hippocampal atrophy in the control condition. By comparison, there were no intervention effects on hippocampal resting-state functional connectivity. Conclusions Collectively, this study provides initial proof-of-concept data for further examining treadmill walking exercise training as a possible behavioral approach for managing L/M impairment and preserving hippocampal volume as common and debilitating manifestations of MS.
Gubernatorial Elections Change Demand for Local Newspapers

How do partisans react when their candidate wins or loses a gubernatorial election? Previous work shows that when parties win presidential elections, demand for their affiliated local newspapers de...
Future Directions in Chronic Phase CML Treatment.

Purpose of review This review will focus on recent and emerging treatment paradigms in chronic phase CML. The discussion of each novel treatment or drug combination will include a brief overview of scientific rational and pre-clinical data, followed by recently published or ongoing clinical trial efforts. The review will be divided into three focus areas in CML treatment: new frontline approaches and approaches to deepen remission, second treatment-free remission studies, and the treatment of refractory disease. Recent findings The section on new frontline approaches will highlight several strategies of combination therapy. These can be grouped into immunomodulatory approaches with interferons and immune checkpoint inhibitors, targeting of leukemia stem cells with compounds such as venetoclax and pioglitazone, and BCR-ABL1-intrinsic combination therapy with asciminib. The chance at a second treatment-free remission is an important emerging clinical trial concept, and again combination approaches are under investigation. Lastly, in advanced disease, the development of novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors remains a major focus. This review will provide an overview and perspective of treatment strategies on the horizon for chronic phase CML. Despite the already excellent clinical outcomes for most patients, challenges remain with regard to deepening initial responses, prolonging treatment-free remission, and providing efficacious and tolerable options for patients with refractory disease and resistance mutations.
Detection Method of Stealing Complex Network Attack Considering Security Situation Awareness

Under the premise that big data, smart cities, mobile internet, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things have become the market for information ownership, cyber security threats are becoming more and more serious. Network attacks have begun to shift to the direction of stealing complex network attacks, and it is of great significance to study the prediction methods of stealing complex network attacks. The purpose of this article is to consider the security situational awareness of the theft-type complex network attack monitoring method for research. This paper introduces and divides the stages of the stealing complex network attack in detail, proposes an alarm algorithm based on the aggregation stage of redundant relationships and an algorithm based on the causal probability correlation attack stage, and illustrates the process of extracting attack scenarios. This article proposes and compares three network security situational awareness models and introduces in detail the two model structures of random forest and star. Experimental data shows that before optimization, the detection rates of Naive Bayes, Random Forest, and Neural Network are 75%, 80%, and 65%. After optimization, the detection rates of Naive Bayes, Random Forest and Neural Network are 96%, 90%, and 92%. This is because the original data has been effectively preprocessed after the first stage of situational awareness, so that the neural network model and the naive Bayesian structure model overcome the sensitivity to the shortcomings of the data set, resulting in a higher detection rate.
A simple, physiologically-based model of sea turtle remigration intervals and nesting population dynamics: Effects of temperature

Abstract Variation in the yearly number of sea turtles nesting at rookeries can interfere with population estimates and obscure real population dynamics. Previous theoretical models suggested that this variation in nesting numbers may be driven by changes in resources at the foraging grounds. We developed a physiologically-based model that uses temperatures at foraging sites to predict foraging conditions, resource accumulation, remigration probabilities, and, ultimately, nesting numbers for a stable population of sea turtles. We used this model to explore several scenarios of temperature variation at the foraging grounds, including one-year perturbations and cyclical temperature oscillations. We found that thermally driven resource variation can indeed synchronize nesting in groups of turtles, creating cohorts, but that these cohorts tend to break down over 5–10 years unless regenerated by environmental conditions. Cohorts were broken down faster at lower temperatures. One-year perturbations of low temperature had a synchronizing effect on nesting the following year, while high temperature perturbations tended to delay nesting in a less synchronized way. Cyclical temperatures lead to cyclical responses both in nesting numbers and remigration intervals, with the amplitude and lag of the response depending on the duration of the cycle. Overall, model behavior is consistent with observations at nesting beaches. Future work should focus on refining the model to fit particular nesting populations and testing further whether or not it may be used to predict observed nesting numbers and remigration intervals.
Prostitution and Substance Abuse

Holleran Steiker: First, can you share what your roles and experience are in relation to the topic of prostitution and how your experience lends itself to consideration of drug and alcohol issues w...
Sprawl, Justice, and Citizenship: The Civic Costs of the American Way of Life

. 1. Introduction: Sprawl as a Moral Issue NOTES FOR CHAPTER ONE 2. . Defining, Explaining, and Measuring Sprawl NOTES FOR CHAPTER TWO 3. Counting Costs and Benefits: Is Sprawl Efficient? NOTES FOR CHAPTER THREE 4. Do People Like Sprawl (And So What If They Do?) NOTES FOR CHAPTER FOUR 5. : Is Sprawl Fair? Liberal Egalitarianism and Sprawl NOTES FOR CHAPTER FIVE 6. Liberal Egalitarianism in a Cul-de-Sac? Sprawl, LIBERAL VIRTUE, AND SOCIAL SOLIDARITY NOTES FOR CHAPTER SIX 7. Sprawl, Civic Virtue, and the Political Economy of CITIZENSHIP NOTES FOR CHAPTER SEVEN 8. You Can't March on a Strip Mall: Sprawl and Civic DISENGAGEMENT NOTES FOR CHAPTER EIGHT 9. Sprawl, the Environment, and Climate Change NOTES FOR CHAPTER NINE 10. : Reforming Sprawl, and Beyond NOTES FOR CHAPTER TEN APPENDICES BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX
Dynamics of CFCs in northern temperate lakes and adjacent groundwater

[1] Three dimictic lakes and one meromictic lake in and near the Trout Lake, Wisconsin, watershed were sampled to determine the variation of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) concentrations within the lakes. The lakes were sampled during stratified conditions, during fall turnover, and during ice cover. The results demonstrate a considerable variation in CFC concentrations and corresponding atmospheric mixing ratios in the lakes sampled, both with depth and season within a given lake, and across different lakes. CFC profiles and observed degradation were not related to the groundwater inflow rate and hence are likely the result of in-lake processes influenced by CFC degradation in the (lake) water column, CFC degradation in the lake-bed sediments, and gas exchange rates and the duration of turnover (turnover efficiency).
Catabolite Repression Gene of Escherichia coli

A catabolite repression gene (cat) which alters the sensitivity of Escherichia coli to catabolite repression has been mapped by transduction and shown to be located between the pyrC and purB genes. When the cat-1 mutation was studied in a number of genetic backgrounds, the results showed that this mutation affects the synthesis of more than one catabolic enzyme but does not completely eliminate catabolic repression under all conditions. It is suggested that this mutation may cause a block in the accumulation of the catabolite effector. Our experiments show that this effector is not glucose-6-phosphate.
The significance of varying SRBC/lymphocyte ratio in T cell rosette formation.

The incubation ratio of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) to lymphocytes is a critical factor in rosette formation, whereas the length of time SRBC and lymphocytes are incubated together does not significantly affect the percentage of lymphocytes forming rosettes. The graph obtained by plotting percentage of rosette formation against the ratio of SRBC to lymphocytes is similar to that resulting from the formation of bimolecular complexes. If rosette formation is analogous to formation of bimolecular complexes, maximal rosette formation occurs when the system is saturated, i.e., with excess SRBC, and is a measure of the total capacity of a lymphocyte population to form rosettes. In addition, the percentage of rosette formation observed at a limiting SRBC/lymphocyte ratio gives an indication of the avidity of the lymphocytes for SRBC. This interpretation may provide an explanation for the difference between the “active” and “total” rosettes. When the log of the SRBC/lymphocyte ratio is plotted against percentage of rosette formation, a straight line is obtained, suggesting that within a given normal lymphocyte sample, T cell subsets with different avidities are not detected by rosette formation at different SRBC/lymphocyte ratios.
Begrudging the bat

![Figure][1] Man has long envied the august lifestyle of the soaring bat. As our closest living relative with the ability to fly, the bat enjoys all the perks of placental mammal-hood (i.e. a pleasantly warm internal body temperature and the convenience of internal reproduction), without
Habermas in Environmental Thought

A number of environmental scholars have argued Jurgen Habermas' communicative theories contain important insights for developing discourse-based models for making decisions about environmental risks and problems. Others have criticized Habermas for his anthropocentrism and split with the first-generation Frankfurt School's social ecology. By repositioning these assessments into Habermas' theories and their development, I argue the dissimilar interpretations and applications of Habermasian theory in the environmental social sciences and humanities can be explained by the theme of Habermas' work highlighted by both groups. Environmental critics of Habermas tend to emphasize his substantive claims about human-nature relations, whereas his environmental supporters tend to emphasize how his procedural theories of fair and inclusive discourse provide democratic alternatives to technocratic environmental decision-making. Environmental scholars and sociologists can continue this fruitful “greening” of Habermasian theory by (1) merging the social ecology of the first-generation Frankfurt School with Habermas' communicative theories and (2) continuing the development of discourse-based environmental decision-making models while attending to the concerns raised by Habermas' environmental critics.
A new converter topology for advanced static VAr compensation in high power applications

Two genetic configurations of forced commutated PWM (pulse-width-modulated) converters, i.e., voltage source inverters and current source inverters, have been proposed as advanced reactive power compensators. A new configuration combining the features of the two generic ones is proposed and analyzed in the present work. It is composed of a PWM current source inverter handling high power with very low switching frequency, and a PWM voltage source harmonic filter handling low power with a much higher switching frequency. The result is that switching losses and harmonic distortions are minimized simultaneously. >
The Impact of LGBT Policies on Ethnic/Racial and Gender Diversity Among Business School Faculty

This study examines how policies targeted to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community impact gender and ethnic/racial diversity within business schools. Specifically, the authors examine domestic-partner benefits, sexual orientation nondiscrimination policies, and gender identity
Two Cases of Primary Yolk Sac Tumor of the Liver in Childhood: Case Reports and Literature Review:

Primary yolk sac tumor of the liver is an extremely rare neoplasm, with fewer than 20 cases reported. We evaluated 2 pediatric cases (21-month-old and 23-month-old female patients), who presented with liver masses and markedly raised serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). One patient received a partial hepatectomy and another patient underwent a liver biopsy, both of which showed characteristic features of yolk sac tumor, with tumor cells staining strongly positive for AFP. There was no evidence of an extrahepatic primary source. Both of our patients have been healthy, without evidence of recurrent tumor, and their AFP level remains in the normal range after their chemotherapeutic treatments.
THE EFFECT OF CELL-TO-CELL CONTACT ON THE SURFACE MORPHOLOGY OF CHINESE HAMSTER OVARY CELLS

In the previous report (Porter et al., in this issue) morphological changes in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells during the cell cycle were described. In this report we describe the role of intercellular contact on these changes. We find that intercellular contact is required for cells to exhibit the morphologies Porter et al. described for S and G2. When cells are synchronized by mitotic selection and plated onto cover slips at very low density such that no intercellular contact occurs, the cells remain in a G1 configuration (rounded and highly blebbed through G1, S, and G2). This G1 morphology is also observed in nonsynchronized log phase cells plated at low densities and allowed to grow for several generations. The addition of conditioned medium from confluent cultures does not induce low density cells to change morphology during the cell cycle. These results indicate that extensive intercellular contact is required for the complete expression of the morphological changes associated with the cell cycle (as described by Porter et al.). It is concluded that although classic contact inhibition of movement and of growth may be absent in this transformed cell line, some contact-dependent response persists.
Local and systemic responses against ricin toxin promoted by toxoid or peptide vaccines alone or in liposomal formulations.

Abstract The objective of this study was to develop a vaccine which would ultimately protect man from the lethal effects of inhaled ricin toxin. Porton rats have previously been protected from lethal quantities of inhaled ricin by subcutaneous (s.c.) ricin toxoid vaccine, but not without lung damage. This situation might be improved by an alternative vaccine such as the A chain of ricin, already known to protect against inhaled ricin. Another option would be to improve respiratory tract immunity by local vaccination in conjunction with liposomal formulation with a view to enhancing lung secretion of immune IgA. While boosted s.c. doses of ricin toxoid or A chain produced indistin-guishable systemic immune responses 3 weeks later, when delivered by the intratracheal (i.t.) route, the A chain failed to elicit a specific immune response, unlike ricin toxoid. This situation was overcome by liposomal formulations and although ricin toxoid was readily encapsulated in liposomes, A chain was not. However, by simply mixing A chain and liposomes in the same weight ratio determined for liposomal toxoid, systemic immune responses for each formulation were indistinguishable 1 week after boosting. Ricin antibody responses in lung fluid monitored 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after i.t. challenge with ricin were statistically indistinguishable, but the group vaccinated with liposomal toxoid secreted 28.7% IgA compared with 0.9–14.9% for the A chain liposomal group. From this, it might be anticipated that the lungs would be better protected by liposomally-encapsulated ricin toxoid than by the A chain-liposome mixture.
Child Abuse and School Settings: An Examination of School Psychologists' Background, Competency, and Training Needs

Child abuse awareness has increased over the past few decades. This awareness has impacted educational systems. As a result, some states have mandatory training to provide schools with information and policies on child abuse reporting. Research shows professionals report less than half of suspected cases; educators do not exclusively represent these professionals. Few studies have focused on child abuse reporting training and competency for school psychologists. This study examined the satisfaction of previous training, knowledge of reporting issues, and interest in future training for school psychologists in New York State. Results indicate school psychologists are dissatisfied with training. Specific areas of interest and competencies related to child abuse reporting issues are identified. Limitations and further research are addressed.
The relation of emotional intelligence with selected areas of personal functioning.

One hundred and eight adults ranging in age between eighteen and sixty years were surveyed to assess their emotional intelligence (EI), goal orientation, life satisfaction, and depression symptomatology. Path analysis outcomes attested to the construct validity of EI. In addition, path analysis showed EI to be positively related with an adaptive form of goal orientation and with life satisfaction—and to negatively influence depression symptomatology through mediation of these other processes. Implications for personal functioning were discussed and recommendations were made for further study.
Spatial model error analysis using autocorrelation indices

No standard techniques yet exist for assessing the predictive performance of models that simulate spatially-explicit processes. Spatial simulation models generate autocorrelation patterns that are a critical aspect of model prediction. These patterns can be quantified using spatial (Moran's I) and spatio-temporal (Griffith's STI) autocorrelation indices. A method of error analysis for spatial simulation models is demonstrated using autocorrelation indices to distinguish among the effects of parameter uncertainty on a stochastic spatial simulation of seed dispersal. The resulting autocorrelation patterns of state variables display a range of nonlinear, counterintuitive effects. In contrast to techniques proposed for spatial model error analysis (contagion, spatial predictability, adjacency, multiple resolution procedure, fractal dimension, interface), autocorrelation indices can be used with interval-scaled data and have well-defined sampling distributions that enable significance testing.
How to Make Analogies in a Digital Age

I will start with a truism even though, like all truisms, it reduces and conflates distinctions and nuances to which I will need to revert: painting in the sense of "painting as an art" has been a classic analog mode of representation, whether or not every painter in the history of art has used it this way. It cannot be a surprise, then, that it might be specifically in painting in its specifically painterly and pictorial achievements and reversions that we might best be able to gauge the depth and direction of digital technologies of image production, as well as notions of phenomena, appearance, and representation associated with them in their theoretical foundation and recent history.
CHRONOLOGY AND CULTURAL VARIATION IN BASKETMAKER II

Chronometric dates, architecture, durable material culture, and rock art are examined to assess variation in Basketmaker II between approximately 1000 B.C. and A.D. 500. Data from alcove and open sites in eight eastern and western regions of the Colorado Plateau are compared. The overall similarities indicate that Basketmaker II is a shared system in which local and regional populations participated momentarily and over time. The system was in place by 400 B.C. and had solidified by 200 B.C. The architecture, artifacts, and rock art point to the presence and exchange of specific ideas, and practices. The Basketmaker II system probably emerged from existing Archaic patterns and became more homogeneous as a successful and sustainable identity developed.
Leaf breakdown in streams differing in catchment land use

Summary 1. The impact of changes in land use on stream ecosystem function is poorly understood. We studied leaf breakdown, a fundamental process of stream ecosystems, in streams that represent a range of catchment land use in the Piedmont physiographic province of the south-eastern United States. 2. We placed bags of chalk maple (Acer barbatum) leaves in similar-sized streams in 12 catchments of differing dominant land use: four forested, three agricultural, two suburban and three urban catchments. We measured leaf mass, invertebrate abundance and fungal biomass in leaf bags over time. 3. Leaves decayed significantly faster in agricultural (0.0465 day−1) and urban (0.0474 day−1) streams than in suburban (0.0173 day−1) and forested (0.0100 day−1) streams. Additionally, breakdown rates in the agricultural and urban streams were among the fastest reported for deciduous leaves in any stream. Nutrient concentrations in agricultural streams were significantly higher than in any other land-use type. Fungal biomass associated with leaves was significantly lower in urban streams; while shredder abundance in leaf bags was significantly higher in forested and agricultural streams than in suburban and urban streams. Storm runoff was significantly higher in urban and suburban catchments that had higher impervious surface cover than forested or agricultural catchments. 4. We propose that processes accelerating leaf breakdown in agricultural and urban streams were not the same: faster breakdown in agricultural streams was due to increased biological activity as a result of nutrient enrichment, whereas faster breakdown in urban streams was a result of physical fragmentation resulting from higher storm runoff.
Myxobolus neurotropus Infecting Rainbow Trout in Alaska, a New Geographic Record

Abstract The Alaska Department of Fish and Game fish pathology laboratory received a rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss from the Alaska Peninsula that was suspected of having whirling disease based on the display of aberrant swimming behavior and a deformed spine. We tested for Myxobolus cerebralis using standard pepsin–trypsin digest and molecular procedures, which yielded negative results. However, many oval shaped myxospores were observed in brain smears and were confirmed to be those of the morphologically similar M. neurotropus based on a diagnostic assay using PCR. The known geographic distribution of this parasite includes Idaho, Washington, Utah, Oregon, California, and now, Alaska. Whether this species is an emerging parasite is not known because it was only described a few years ago. Given the severe infection found in this rainbow trout, perhaps the considerable displacement of neurological tissues and subsequent pressure on peripheral nerves could have contributed to the spinal curvature and ac...