cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric dispersion of an instantaneous pollutant release

THE FACTORS which govern the transport of a pollutant in the atmosphere are fairly complex. Efforts to model such transport may range from exact solutions of the primitive conservation equations for mass, energy, and momentum to semi-empirical treatments signified by the eddy diffusion approach or the Gaussian model. Ultimately, it is expected that the best and most useful results will emerge from the exact solutions of the conservation equations: however, even in relatively simple problems, this requires the use of finite difference procedures demanding substantial amounts of computing resources (see [l], for example). In the other extreme, the Gaussian models: which enjoy wide popularity in view of their simplicity, are limited in scope. For instance, they are inadequate in properl_r accounting for the effect of vertical wind shear. In the case of the inst~taneous source. the Gaussian approach as recommended by Turner 123 assumes the standard deviation of the distribution to be the same in the axial and crosswind directions; this would result in a substantial underprediction of axial dispersion due to wind shear. Eddy diffusivity models, while admittedly semi-empirical. allow for the direct incorporation of realistic effects such as wind shear and transient phenomena in a natural fashionThey have been used successfuliy to describe atmospheric transport (see for example [3-6)). In this work, the transport of a gaseous pollutant released into the atmosphere over a relatively short period of time due to an accident will be simulated using the eddy diffusivity model. The model incorporates a persistent inversion at a height H above ground. In the general case of a wind profile which depends both on position and time and eddy diffusivities which depend on position. the model equations have been solved analytically in [7] using generalized dispersion theory which was developed in [8-91 and applied to atmospheric transport in [3,4]. Here, we shall only present illustrative results for the case of a linear wind profile (couette flow) and constant eddy diffusivities. The transport of pollutant by eddy diffusion in the downwind direction will be neglected in comparison to transport by advection. These simplifying assumptions still permit one to retain the transport mechanisms of interest, and allow the computation of the results from the theory with ease. Under the assumptions. the local pollutant concentration C(t, x, J, z) will satisfy the convective diffusion equation
A 193 NM LASER PHOTOFRAGMENTATION TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRIC STUDY OF CH3CH2SH

Abstract The kinetic energy releases of the photodissociation processes, CH 3 CH 2 SH+ h ν (193 nm) →CH 3 CH 2 +SH, CH 3 CH 2 S+H, and CH 3 +CH 2 SH, have been measured by the time-of-flight mass spectrometric method. Based on the thresholds of kinetic energy spectra, the dissociation energies of 72.4±1.5, 90±2, and 90±10 kcal/mol have been obtained for the CH 3 CH 2 SH, CH 3 CH 2 SH, and CH 3 CH 2 SH bonds at 0 K .
DOES SURFACTANT ADMINISTRATION REDUCE THE INCIDENCE OF BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA (BPD)? † 1192

Surfactant administration to neonates with respiratory distress syndrome reduces mortality, but the effect on the incidence of BPD is controversial. We hypothesized that the increased survival of patients at high risk for BPD masks the effect of surfactant administration on the incidence of BPD. To test this hypothesis, logistic regression analyses using pretreatment variables reported to be associated with mortality were conducted in the placebo patients enrolled in the prevention and rescue trials with surfactant(Survanta) reported by Hoekstra, et al., (Pediatrics 88:10, 1991) and Liechty, et al., (Pediatrics 88:19, 1991). The logistic regression models were applied to the surfactant groups to identify those neonates expected to die if surfactant had not been administered. The incidence of BPD (oxygen requirement at 28 days) was compared among the patients in the placebo groups as well as the patients expected to die and those expected to survive in the surfactant groups (Table). (* p < 0.05, expected to die versus both placebo and expected to survive groups; † p < 0.05, expected to survive versus placebo group; χ2). In both prevention and rescue studies, the group of neonates expected to die had a higher incidence of BPD than patients in placebo groups and those expected to survive in surfactant groups. In the prevention studies, the incidence of BPD in expected to survive patients in the surfactant group was comparable to that of the placebo group. Surfactant administered as a rescue therapy decreased the incidence of BPD in those patients expected to survive compared to the placebo group. The reported lack of effect of surfactant administration on the incidence of BPD is therefore due to the increased survival of a group of patients at high risk for BPD.
Deprenyl reinitiates estrous cycles, reduces serum prolactin, and decreases the incidence of mammary and pituitary tumors in old acyclic rats

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long term treatment with deprenyl, a monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor, on estrous cyclicity, serum PRL, incidence of mammary and pituitary tumors, and monoamine metabolism in the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and striatum (ST) of old female rats. Acyclic female Sprague-Dawley rats (15-16 months old) were treated sc with 0, 0.25, or 2.5 mg deprenyl/kg BW.day for more than 8 months. Body weight and food intake were measured every week, and the estrous cycles and development of mammary tumors were monitored throughout the treatment period. At the end of the treatment period, the concentrations of catecholamines, serotonin, and their metabolites in the MBH and ST were determined by HPLC with electrochemical detection. The wet weights of the pituitary, heart, liver, lung, kidney, adrenals, uterus, and ovaries were recorded. Trunk blood was collected for measurement of serum PRL concentrations by RIA. Deprenyl treatment temporarily reestablished estrous...
Effects of endurance training on combined goserelin acetate and doxorubicin treatment–induced cardiac dysfunction

Doxorubicin (DOX) and goserelin acetate (GA), when administered individually, can lead to impaired cardiac function via different mechanisms. Combining GA and DOX (GA + DOX), however, could potentially exacerbate cardiac dysfunction when compared to GA and DOX treatments administered individually. Therefore, the first purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of GA + DOX on cardiac function. Additionally, since exercise training has been shown to protect against GA- and DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction when administered individually, the second purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise during GA + DOX on cardiac function. Female rats were randomly assigned to control (CON), GA, DOX, GA + DOX, or exercise training during GA + DOX (EX GA + DOX). Following 56 days, cardiac function was analyzed in vivo using echocardiography and ex vivo using an isolated working heart model. GA + DOX had significantly lower mitral valve maximal and mean blood flow velocities and aortic valve maximal blood flow velocity than CON (in vivo analysis, P < 0.05), but these differences were not observed between EX GA + DOX and CON. In the isolated working heart, GA + DOX hearts had significantly different left ventricular developed pressures and maximal rates of pressure development and decline than CON (P < 0.05), but these differences were not observed in EX GA + DOX. GA + DOX resulted in significantly impaired in vivo and ex vivo cardiac function, but exercise training during GA + DOX was cardioprotective.
Biasing of hyperkinetic behavior ratings by diagnostic reports

Two preschool children, one “hyperkinetic” and one “normal,“ were observed by 4 pairs of raters over a 10-day interval Raters who were given diagnostic reports suggesting “hyperkinesis” in the child they observed produced significantly higher ratings of hyperkinesis on a published, somewhat objective, rating scale than raters who were not provided with diagnostic reports. In addition, it was found that the level of perceived hyperkinesis decreased over successive ratings. The results of the study are discussed in terms of the potential impact of diagnoses on hyperkinetic children and the implications for intervention studies.
Direct Measurement of Surface Diffusion Using Atom-Tracking Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

The diffusion of Si dimers on the Si(001) surface at temperatures between room temperature and 128 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C is measured using a novel atom-tracking technique that can resolve every diffusion event. The atom tracker employs lateral-positioning feedback to lock the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) probe tip into position above selected atoms with subangstrom precision. Once locked the STM tracks the position of the atoms as they migrate over the crystal surface. By tracking individual atoms directly, the ability of the instrument to measure dynamic events is increased by a factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}1000$ over conventional STM imaging techniques.
A new estimation theory for sample surveys

Abstract : A new estimation theory for sample surveys is proposed. The basic feature of the theory is a special parametrization of finite populations based on the assumption that a character attached to the units is measured on a known scale with a finite set of scale points. In the class of estimators which do not functionally depend on the 'identification labels' preattached to the units, the following results are proved: (1) For simple or stratified simple random sampling without replacement, the customary estimators are unbiased minimum variance. (2) For simple random sampling with replacement, the sample mean based only on the distinct units in the sample is the maximum likelihood estimator of the population mean. (3) If a concomitant variable with known population mean is also observed, an approximation to the maximum likelihood estimator of the population mean is closely related to the customary regression estimator. (4) If prior information in the form a prior distribution is available, 'Bayes estimators' can be derived using the complete likelihood. (Author)
Efficient Groebner walk conversion for implicitization of geometric objects

In this paper, the author uses recent theoretical results from the method of Groebner bases to improve the efficiency of algorithms for implicitization. The method of Groebner bases has some important advantages, namely it is reliable and it can solve the implicitization problem in full generality. The main result of this paper is that we can significantly improve the efficiency of implicitization algorithms using the deterministic Groebner walk conversion while maintaining the reliability of the algorithms. More precisely, the calculation of the implicit equations will be partitioned into several smaller computations following a path in the Groebner fan of the ideal generated by the system of equations. This method works with ideals of zero-dimension as well as positive dimension. The author uses a deterministic method to vary the weight vectors in order to ensure that the computation involves polynomials with just a few terms. A new concept of ideal-specified term orders for elimination is introduced to further improve the efficiency. As the result, the improved algorithms overcome the bottle-neck of the traditional implicitization algorithms by avoiding unnecessary zero-reductions and coefficient swell. Furthermore, the improved algorithms are able to avoid many unnecessary walking steps during the calculation of the implicit equations. Several test-suites such as the Newell's teapot are used to test the new approach. The average performance is many times faster than traditional Groebner basis based algorithms for implicitization.
Factors Beyond Detachment Kinetics that Influence Unloaded Shortening Velocities of Muscle

Recent studies demonstrate the influence of actin-myosin attachment kinetics on in vitro actin filament sliding velocities (V), but it is unclear what factors determine whether velocities are detachment (d/τon) or attachment limited (Yengo et al. 2012. J Muscle Res Cell Motil.). We have developed a muscle model with molecular detail that suggests three key mechanisms by which attachment kinetics can influence unloaded shortening velocities. First, the saturation of myosin binding sites on actin by weakly bound myosin heads can result in attachment limited velocities that are slower than the detachment limit. Essentially, at high myosin densities the actin-activated ATPase activity (attachment limited) in the motility assay saturates before mechanical saturation (detachment limited). Second if actin-bound myosin heads that resist actin movement have a relatively low stiffness, unloaded shortening velocities can exceed the detachment limit. The non-linear compliance of positively and negatively strained myosin heads was demonstrated experimentally (Kaya and Higuchi. 2010. Science. 329: 686-9). Finally, our model shows that mechanically accelerated ADP release kinetics can result in velocities that exceed the detachment limit. These simulations accurately describe the observation of hypermotile velocities (Hooft et al. 2007. Biochemistry. 46:3513-20., Jackson and Baker. 2009. PCCP. 11:4808-14.). In summary, unloaded shortening velocities can be influenced by many factors other than detachment kinetics. Thus a mutation or perturbation that results in a change in V need not result from a change in only d or τon.
Temporal pattern of appearance and distribution of cholecystokinin-like peptides during development in Xenopus laevis.

Cholecystokinin (CCK) radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemistry were used to localize the expression of CCK-like peptides in the gut, brain, and skin of Xenopus laevis during development from fertilization through metamorphosis to the adult form. CCK-like peptides were first detected in the gut shortly before food was first observed in the lumen of the intestine. This CCK-like immunoreactivity (CCK-li) was localized in endocrine cells in the duodenal mucosa. Gut CCK-li decreased during metamorphosis coincident with gut histolysis. After metamorphosis, gut CCK-li appeared in the newly organized gastric antrum at Nieuwkoop-Faber stage 62–63 and reappeared in the reconstituted duodenum at stage 63–64. In both cases, CCK-li was localized in endocrine cells. In both the gastric antrum and the duodenum, the first appearance of CCK-li preceded the functional activity of its target tissues. CCK-li increased in the brain during brain primary differentiation and again during metamorphic climax coincidentally with the differentiation of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system. Brain CCK-li then declined during the transition from larva to adult. We conclude that the first presence of food in the lumen of the larval gut does not induce the appearance of CCK-li and that CCK may play a role in regulating the development of the gastrointestinal tract and brain in X. laevis.
A model for microwave processing of compositionally changing ceramic systems

A finite-difference model was used to simulate the temperature and composition distributions produced inside a specimen heated with microwave energy during a process involving a change in composition. The dielectric properties of the specimen change with composition, resulting in nonuniform microwave power absorption and steady-state temperature gradients. When the specimen becomes less lossy as it reacts, or if the changes in the microwave heating properties are gradual, the reaction proceeds relatively uniformly and the volumetric microwave heating creates an inside-out reaction profile leading to increased conversions for processes such as reaction bonding and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI). If the specimen becomes more lossy as it reacts, then the reaction proceeds nonuniformly with rapid reaction rates in the hottest parts of the specimen and little or no reaction in the cooler areas. The process may then occur as a reaction front which moves along the specimen, as with combustion synthesis. This type of processing has potential advantages and disadvantages depending on the system.
Reaction time and nigrostriatal dopamine function: the effects of age and practice

Abstract Normal aged and Parkinsonian individuals lose the ability to initiate movements rapidly (increased reaction time) in parallel with changes in the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system. However, the ability of these individuals to improve their reaction time with practice has not been adequately assessed. We have developed a rodent model for human reaction time in which reaction time performance correlates highly with neurochemical measures of nigrostriatal DA integrity. In the present report, 15 young and 10 old male Sprague-Dawley rats were conditioned in a reaction time task to release a lever quickly in response to external stimuli in order to avoid a mild footshock. In order to examine the effects of practice on this reaction time task, the young animals were tested for 5 days at 3, 6 and 9 months of age and the old animals were tested for 5 days at 18, 21, and 24 months of age. From this well-practiced task, reaction time response latencies were measured and compared to measures of nigrostriatal DA function (steady-state levels of DA and its metabolites, D2 DA receptor affinity and density). The old animals were slower in response latencies than the young animals. These age differences in response latencies, however, disappeared after several days of testing at each of the 3 test sessions, so that the old animals were not significantly slower than the young animals on days 4 and 5 of each session. As expected, the old animals showed reduced striatal D2 DA receptor density with no age differences in DA receptor affinity. The old animals had significantly higher ratios of DA metabolities (dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid; DOPAC + HVA) to DA than the young animals. Furthermore, across groups there was a significant negative correlation between striatal D2 DA receptor numbers and response latencies. This negative correlation indicated that the animals with the faster (lower) response latencies had the higher number of striatal D2 DA receptors. These data suggest that the plasticity of the motor system allows age-related impairments in reaction time to be overcome with extensive practice. It also appears that reaction time is related to multiple aspects of nigrostriatal DA function.
High-frequency and medium-frequency components of different inspiratory nerve discharges and their modification by various inputs

In decerebrate paralyzed cats, spectral analysis was performed on simultaneous recordings of efferent inspiratory nerves (phrenic, recurrent laryngeal, hypoglossal). Spectral peaks were present both in the high-frequency (HFO) range (50-100 Hz) and the medium-frequency (MFO) range (20-50 Hz). Different activities were coherent only in the HFO range, indicating that the HFOs arise in a common inspiratory pattern generator that drives the different motoneuron populations, whereas the MFOs are specific to different systems.
The biological activity of a series of 6,6-difluoro norethindrone derivatives

Abstract When administered orally in the McPhail assay, 17α-ethynl-6,6-difluoro-17 β -hydroxyestr-4-en-3-one (I) elicited twice the progestational activity of the nonfluorinated parent. The 17 β -acetoxy (II), 3 β, 17 β -diacetoxy (III), and 3-ethylene ketal (IV) derivatives demonstrated 2, 2–3, and approximately 1 times the activity of norethindrone respectively. When tested for oral anti-uterotrophic activity in mice, I, II, III, and IV elicited 3.9, 1.4, 3.2 and ≥1 times the activity of norethindrone respectively.
Development and translation of histotripsy: current status and future directions.

Purpose of review The aim of this article is to outline the initial development of histotripsy, a noninvasive image-guided focused ultrasound technology that mechanically homogenizes targeted tissues and to describe the results of preclinical translational research directed toward urologic applications. Recent findings Histotripsy tissue ablation is based on initiation and control of acoustic cavitation at a target point within the body. This unique mechanical mechanism of action is distinct when compared with conventional thermal ablative modalities. Features of histotripsy (nonthermal, noninvasive, high precision, real-time monitoring/feedback, and tissue liquefaction) have prompted assessment of this technology as a potential ablative therapy for a number of organs and disease processes. Summary Ongoing research efforts to apply histotripsy to preclinical models of benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, renal masses, and renal calculi have resulted in enhanced understanding of cavitation bioeffects, refinement of treatment systems, strategies to enhance treatment efficiency, and initiation of a pilot human clinical trial to assess the safety of histotripsy for benign prostatic hyperplasia therapy.
The concept of chaos theory based optimal cutting tool chatter control

Chaos theory is used to conceptualize a methodology to control cutting tool chatter in the turning process. The underlying information contained in a Mandelbrot set -- developed from an existing nonlinear model of cutting tool dynamics -- is supposed to be captured by a multilayer feed forward neural network. The neural network may be used as a control parameter variation selector in a control loop. We anticipate real-time implementation of the proposed methodology.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Occurrence and clinical features of epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysmal events in five children with Pallister–Killian syndrome

Pallister-Killian syndrome (PKS) is a rare, sporadic genetic disorder caused by tetrasomy 12p mosaicism associated with a supernumerary isochromosome. Craniofacial dysmorphism, learning impairment and seizures are considered characteristic. However, little is known of the seizure and epilepsy patterns seen in PKS. To better define the occurrence and nature of epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysmal events in PKS, we describe our experience with 5 patients and compare their features with data from a larger cohort of PKS patients ascertained via a web-based parental questionnaire. Three of the 5 patients have had definite epileptic seizures, and one other has had paroxysmal events as yet not clarified. Four of the 5 have also had either non-epileptic paroxysmal events or episodes of uncertain nature. In those with epilepsy, all have had some period of relatively refractory seizures, all have required more than one antiepileptic drug, but none experienced status epilepticus. Only one of the patients with epilepsy (the oldest) has gone into remission. In two of the four with non-epileptic events, video-electroencephalographic monitoring has been valuable in clarifying the nature of the events. EEG characteristics include a slow dominant frequency as well as generalized and focal epileptiform features. Brain MRI findings can be normal but are variable. These specific findings correspond well to information reported by parents in a larger cohort of 51 individuals with PKS. Better understanding of the nature of epileptic and non-epileptic events in PKS will result from a more detailed analysis of objective data obtained from this larger cohort, and from deeper understanding of the molecular impact of 12p tetrasomy in selected cell lines.
Malignant melanoma following bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome.

ABSTRACT Reported here is a case of a 31- year-old male with Cushing's syndrome accompanied by mild cutaneous melanin pigmentation and benign junctional nevi. The clinical and biochemical abnormalities were completely reversed by bilateral adrenalectomy. Twelve months following operation malignant melanoma developed, involving the mediastinal and supraclavicular lymph nodes, lungs and bones. During the ensuing 14 months until his death from melanoma, the patient demonstrated generalized progressive melanin pigmentation of the skin which eventually assumed a dark chocolate color. A pituitary tumor was not demonstrable. Cutaneous melanin pigmentation associated with high levels of ACTH following adrenalectomy for Cushing's syndrome has been well documented previously. The occurrence of malignant melanoma under similar circumstances has not been reported. The possibility exists that the high levels of ACTH and melanophore-stimulating hormone observed in the post-adrenalectomy state can contribute to the prod...
The spectral absorption of crayfish rhabdoms: Pigment, photoproduct and pH sensitivity

Abstract Isolated rhabdoms of crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii, Orconectes rusticus ) were examined by microspectrophotometry. At neutral or alkaline pH, λ max of the pigment lies at about 530 nm, and irradiation produces a metarhodopsin with λ max at 515 nm. Photoregeneration is possible but is accompanied by some loss of pigment. Glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde stabilize the structure of the rhabdom and potentiate the photodestruction of metarhodopsin. At alkaline pH the metarhodopsin bleaches to a photoproduct with λ max in the near uv; at acid pH the photoproduct has λ max at about 450 nm. Both the 530 nm absorption band and the 515 nm metarhodopsin are reversibly shifted as much as 70 nm to shorter wavelengths by exposure to acid pH. The shift, which is viewed as reversible denaturation, is neither as large nor as completely reversible following aldehyde fixation. The pigment composition of rhabdoms from dark-adapted animals is spatially uniform; no evidence for the pigment of the violet receptor was found in any of the principal rhabdomeres ( R 1 -R 7 ).
Coherence versus incoherence: Collapse and revival in a simple quantum model

We describe the temporal behavior of the dynamic elements of an exactly soluble quantum model. The model consists of a single two-level atom or spin interacting with a single mode of the quantized radiation field in the dipole approximation, the mode being initially in an arbitrary coherent state of excitation. We give new long-time numerical and closed-form approximate analytic solutions for the expectation values of the atomic dipole moment and the difference in population of the two atomic levels in the rotating wave approximation. The atomic dipole-dipole correlation function is calculated. All of the results are obtained without semiclassical or decorrelation approximations. Unusual features found in the temporal behavior of this lossless model problem are ''collapse,'' i.e., episodic nonexponential damping of both the atomic inversion and dipole moment, and two kinds of ''revival'' or partial recorrelation, in the dynamic evolution, during which the initial state is nearly recovered. We give analytic formulas for the collapse function, for both of the revival times, and for the envelope of the revival maxima. Some remarks are made about the nature of irreversibility in this exactly soluble and loss-free model.
Peroxidase catalyzed polymerization of phenol

effect of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and H2O2 concentrations on the removal efficiency of phenol, defined as the percentage of phenol removed from solution as a function of time, has been investigated. When phenol and H2O2 react with an approximately one-to-one stoichiometry, the phenol is almost completely precipitated within 10 min. The reaction is inhibited at higher concentrations of H2O2. The removal efficiency increases with an increase in the concentration of HRP, but an increase in the time of treatment cannot be used to offset the reduction in removal efficiency at low concentrations of the enzyme, because of inactivation of the enzyme. One molecule of HRP is needed to remove approximately 1100 molecules of phenol when the reaction is conducted at pH 8.0 and at ambient temperature.
Differential induction of branchial carbonic anhydrase and NA(+)/K(+) ATPase activity in the euryhaline crab, Carcinus maenas, in response to low salinity exposure.

The time course of induction of activity of carbonic anhydrase (CA) and Na/K ATPase, two enzymes that are central to osmotic and ionic regulation in the eyryhaline green crab, Carcinus maenas, was measured in response to a transfer from 32 to 10 ppt salinity. CA activity was low in all gills in crabs acclimated to high salinity. Activity was induced in the posterior three gills (G6-G9) starting at 96 hr following transfer to low salinity, with activity peaking at seven post-transfer. Na/K ATPase activity in posterior gills was already high in crabs acclimated to 32 ppt salinity, and it did not increase as a result of transfer to 10 ppt. Acclimation of crabs to hypersaline (40 ppt) conditions resulted in uniformly low levels of Na/K ATPase activity, and transfer from 40 ppt to 10 ppt stimulated a four-fold induction of activity in the posterior gills that was evident by seven days of low salinity exposure. Low salinity stimulates the activity of both enzymes, but a different degree of salinity change appears to be necessary to cause the induction of each enzyme. The Na/K ATPase activity is already high at a salinity (32 ppt) at which the crab is still an osmotic and ionic conformer. CA activity, however, even when expressed in low levels, is still present in excess of what is needed to supply counterions at a rate adequate to match the rate of active ion transport. It is possible that two strategies exist for the regulation of these two enzymes that coincide with the crab's intertidal and estuarine lifestyle: short-term modulation of activity of highly expressed enzyme (Na/K ATPase) and long-term modulation of enzyme concentration by changes in gene expression (CA). For all ranges of low salinity exposure, crabs undergo hemodilution, cell swelling, and subsequent cell volume readjustment as evidenced by the increase in concentration of TNPS in the hemolymph. This response takes place before the induction of enzyme activity, and it could serve as the initial signal in the induction pathway.
PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF A HYBRID PROPULSION MULTIMISSION MISSILE SYSTEM

Apreliminarydesign,promptedbyanational design competition,wasconductedtoselecta multimissionmissile. This missile was expected to replace the Tow, Stinger, and Helle re missiles, which required it to defeat a diverse target set ranging from hardened bunkers to attacking e xed-wing aircraft. As a result, advanced technologies, which havenot been incorporated into any e elded missilesystem, hadto beevaluated, especially, but notlimited to, propulsion. Miniatureturbojets, air turborockets, pintle solid motors, pulsed solid motors, and gelled bipropellant engines were among the powerplants evaluated. The selected design used a millimeter wave radar seeker with automatic target recognition, a smart shaped-charge tandem warhead, a composite airframe, and a novel, twostage combustion gelled hybrid propulsion system. The gelled hybrid consisted of a glycidyl azide polymer solid fuel gas generator, which exhausted into the main combustion chamber, where the gas was oxidized using gelled inhibited red fuming nitric acid. The missile weighed 60 lb and had a 6-in. diameter, as well as a 14-s time of e ight to a 3-mile target. The hybrid propulsion system, with its e exible energy management and its high performance, was found to uniquely enable the multimission requirements to be met.
The effect of an increased awareness of erectile cues on sexual arousal

Abstract The present investigation addressed two major issues. The first issue is the effect on sexual arousal of increasing a S's self-directed genital focus during different intensities of erotic stimulation. It was found that increasing one's focus on genital cues during low-arousing stimuli decreased physiological arousal, but actually facilitated genital arousal at high-intensity stimulation. This finding brings into question the previous assumption that increased focus on erectile responding or ‘spectatoring’ has universally negative consequences. The second issue concerns the extent of response-system concordance for the physiological and subjective measures of sexual arousal. Two methods of measuring such agreement are proposed. These methods allow for the assessment of response-system concordance for both intensity and direction. These two parameters of concordance were then examined under different levels of arousal and under the two attentiona! focus conditions to ascertain if situational factors would affect response-system agreement. The results indicate that the two measures of concordance are differentially affected by such manipulations. Implications for the measurement of sexual arousal are discussed.
Power distribution, the environment, and public health: A state-level analysis

Abstract This paper examines relationships among power distribution, the environment, and public health by means of a cross-sectional analysis of the 50 US states. A measure of inter-state variations in power distribution is derived from data on voter participation, tax fairness, Medicaid access, and educational attainment. We develop and estimate a recursive model linking the distribution of power to environmental policy, environmental stress, and public health. The results support the hypothesis that greater power inequality leads to weaker environmental policies, which in turn lead to greater environmental degradation and to adverse public health outcomes.
New 5B/6T code for data transmission on unshielded twisted pair cable

A new 5 binary/6 ternary coding scheme is presented with a similar advantageous spectral property to that of MLT3, but which has bounded running digital sum and maximum run length.
Salvage therapy for pelvic recurrence following curative rectal cancer resection

INTRODUCTION: Pelvic recurrence is a significant problem following curative resection for rectal cancer. Although treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or any combination of these, the role of surgery remains controversial in management of these patients. PURPOSE: In this study, we have attempted to define the patient with pelvic recurrence following curative rectal surgery who may benefit from reresection.METHODS: A review of the prospective colorectal database at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) between 1983 and 1991 identified 25 patients who had pelvic recurrence following a curative resection for rectal cancer and 52 patients who had their initial rectal surgery at an outside institution (OI) and their pelvic recurrence treated at MSKCC. Survival was calculated from time of recurrence by the Kaplan-Meier method, and survival comparisons were made by log-rank analysis. There were no differences between the two groups related to age, gender, type of initial surgery, stage, or use of adjuvant therapy. RESULTS: For the MSKCC group, median time to initial recurrence was 18 months, and median survival was 40 months. Recurrence was symptomatic in 17 patients and asymptomatic in 8 patients. Pain and bleeding accounted for more than one-half of symptomatic recurrences. Of the 17 symptomatic recurrences, 11 (65 percent) had relief of preoperative symptoms. There were no clinical or pathologic factors identified of the primary tumor or recurrence that predicted improved survival following salvage therapy. It was not possible to preoperatively determine which patients could undergo curative reresection. For the OI group, median time to recurrence was 13.7 months, and median survival from time of initial recurrence was 31 months. Curative reresection was the only factor that predicted for improved survival compared with noncurative treatment (P= 0.02). A comparison of the two groups revealed that pelvic recurrence was more likely to be reresected for cure in the OI groupvs.the MSKCC group (34/51vs.9/25;P <0.02). There was no survival difference between the two groups when comparing curative with noncurative management of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: Symptoms from recurrent rectal cancer can be palliated with surgery. The only patients who had a survival benefit were those patients in the OI group whose disease could be completely resected. These differences in reresection rates may be attributable to the presence or absence of available planes for dissection around the recurrence in the OI group, as determined by the method of initial curative resection.
Effect of Structure on Cationic Initiation Efficiency of a Carbocatonic/ATRP Dual Initiator

The dual initiator, 3,3,5,5,7-pentamethyl-7-chlorooctyl 2-bromo-2-methylpropionate (IB3BMP), possessing initiating sites for both living carbocationic polymerization (LCP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), was synthesized to overcome the low initiation efficiency of previously reported dual initiators such as 3,3,5-trimethyl-5-chlorohexyl 2-bromo-2-methylpropionate (IB2BMP). Low initiation efficiency of the latter and similar initiators has been attributed to complexation between the Lewis acid polymerization catalyst and the ester carbonyl group of the initiator. IB3BMP was synthesized by reacting IB2BMP with 2-methallyltrimethylsilane at low temperature, followed by hydrochlorination. IB3BMP, which differs from IB2BMP by the inclusion of one additional isobutylene (IB) repeating unit, showed quantitative initiation efficiency (Ieff ∼ 1) in TiCl4-co-initiated LCP of IB under various reaction conditions, including low temperature (−70 °C) and low monomer/initiator ratios (48–164). Ieff and ...
Properties of Fully Decoded 256 Bit PMNOS/PMOS/SOS/AL-GATE Memory in Radiation Environment

Tests were conducted to characterize a fully decoded 256 bit PMNOS memory in a nuclear environment, These tests were as follows: (1) transient photo-current tests using 20 ns and 100 ns electron pulses from the AFCRL Linac, (2) transient annealing tests using 4,5 ?s electron pulses from the same Linac and also 365 ?s to 2.5 ms gamma pulses from the Aberdeen Pulse Reactor with doses up to 6 ? 104 rads (Si) and neutron fluences up to 2.6 x 1013n/cm2 pulse, (3) survivability tests using 20 ns gamma pulse from the AFCRL Flash X-ray, and (4) total dose using Cobalt-60 source at ECOM, Evans Laboratory. The results show that predictions of failure levels based on measurement made on the elementary devices are reasonably accurate. In addition, the results show that total does hardness levels of 3 ? 105 rads (Si) can be achieved without the use of hardened insulators. Most of the various failure levels were determined by the PMOS radiation effects.
Breaking the Vicious Cycle: Public Involvement in the Immigration Plan for the Nanji Islands, China

A centralized political context such as China provides a harsh environment for public involvement program that intends to share decision-making power with the public, however, there are still learning opportunities that can survive and prepare the public for a meaningful participation in the future. This article illustrates this point by designing a public involvement program that is implementable and educational in Nanji Islands, China. The public involvement program is designed to solve conflicts and tension regarding to an immigration plan between the public and local government and organized by a third party. It includes information sharing, public representatives election, and negotiation meeting between public representatives and governmental officials. The six-dimension framework from Alterman’s classic work is employed to test its feasibility within the local context.
Simple preparation of a useful c/d-ring fragment for the construction of 11-keto steroids

Abstract Starting with the readily available enol-lactone 5 the indanonepropionic acid 1 is prepared in few steps with 33% overall yield.
A FLASH of insight into cellular chemistry: genetically encoded labels for protein visualization in vivo

Genetically encoded fluorescent labels, such as green fluorescent protein, make it possible to visualize a protein's natural distribution and environment in living cells. A new approach to protein labeling in living cells has been devised in which a small, membrane-permeable ligand binds with high affinity and specificity to a short peptide motif that can be incorporated into the protein of interest; the ligand becomes brightly fluorescent after binding to the peptide.
Interactions between coagulation and complement—their role in inflammation

The parallel expression of activation products of the coagulation, fibrinolysis, and complement systems has long been observed in both clinical and experimental settings. Several interconnections between the individual components of these cascades have also been described, and the list of shared regulators is expanding. The co-existence and interplay of hemostatic and inflammatory mediators in the same microenvironment typically ensures a successful host immune defense in compromised barrier settings. However, dysregulation of the cascade activities or functions of inhibitors in one or both systems can result in clinical manifestations of disease, such as sepsis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or ischemia–reperfusion injury, with critical thrombotic and/or inflammatory complications. An appreciation of the precise relationship between complement activation and thrombosis may facilitate the development of novel therapeutics, as well as improve the clinical management of patients with thrombotic conditions that are characterized by complement-associated inflammatory responses.
Gallium Nitride Based Semiconductors for Short Wavelength Optoelectronics

In this article we review the key technologies for GaN based materials and devices. Developments in the methods for thin film deposition by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and resulting film properties are highlighted. Breakthroughs in materials growth has enabled extremely high efficiency blue and green GaN LEDs to be achieved for the first time. GaN LEDs complete the primary color spectrum and have enabled bright and reliable full-color solid state displays to be realized. Recently, room temperature operation of pulsed current injection blue-violet lasers emitting at 417 nm has further increased possible applications for GaN based optoelectronic devices.
Farm Real Estate Price Components, 1920–78

The research reported demonstrates that farm real estate price involves important components in addition to the capitalized value of rent for the services of land and buildings in farm production, develops an expectations model for the farm real estate market, and compares predictions from the expectations model with farm real estate prices for the 1920–78 period. Capitalized rent explains only about half of real estate values both in the 1970s and over the longer 1920–78 period. The remainder can be explained by the capitalization of capital gains, including real gains or losses from price level changes.
PowerMon: Fine-grained and integrated power monitoring for commodity computer systems

We have developed PowerMon and PowerMon2, low-cost power monitoring devices that operate inside commodity computer systems, to analyze performance and power consumption tradeoffs in computer applications. Inserted between a system's power supply and motherboard, PowerMon monitors voltage and current on six DC rails and reports measurements at a rate of up to fifty samples per second through a USB interface, allowing monitoring by the target or a separate host. PowerMon2 has a smaller form factor that fits in a standard 3.5" hard drive bay, allowing it to be used in a 1U server chassis. It features a faster measurement rate of up to 1024 Hz on a single channel or 3072 Hz divided among multiple channels. PowerMon2 also adds two measurement channels for additional peripherals, such as disks and graphical processing units. The PowerMon devices have been used to resolve and highlight variations in power consumption and energy efficiency at the subsystem level during separate operating phases of scientific performance benchmarks, such as NAS BT and SP. The device parts cost is low enough to provision an entire cluster for power monitoring and adaptation. Complete schematics, board layouts, and source code for the PowerMon devices are available under a BSD-style open source license at ilab.renci.org/powermon.
What is a Pastoral Assistant? Reflections in Parochialism and Catholicity in Pastoral Care

This article seeks to balance parochialism and catholicity as it defines the ministry of pastoral assistants (PAs) in the contemporary Church of England. Two strategic approaches are identified: those the proponents of which would organize PA ministry on a parochial, congregational level and those whose advocates would prefer a diocesan or national scheme. Theological approaches underlying parochial strategies are explored, but their usefulness is criticized for a lack of coherence. Strategies that rely on an all-encompassing blueprint, by contrast, are seen as imposing constricting, anachronistic practice. Theological praxis is understood to provide an insight into how PAs can be seen as reflective assistants, but is criticized for emphasizing process at the expense of content. The author concludes by proposing that a variety of schemes for PA ministry can be afforded catholicity if they are understood as works of the Holy Spirit that are received in Eucharistic practice.
A Thermal Infrared Video Benchmark for Visual Analysis

We hereby publish a new thermal infrared video benchmark, called TIV, for various visual analysis tasks, which include single object tracking in clutter, multi-object tracking in single or multiple views, analyzing motion patterns of large groups, and censusing wild animals in flight. Our data describe real world scenarios, such as bats emerging from their caves in large numbers, a crowded street view during a marathon competition, and students walking through an atrium during class break. We also introduce baseline methods and evaluation protocols for these tasks. Our TIV benchmark enriches and diversifies video data sets available to the research community with thermal infrared footage, which poses new and challenging video analysis problems. We hope the TIV benchmark will help the community to better understand these interesting problems, generate new ideas, and value it as a testbed to compare solutions.
Formulation of salicylate-based poly(anhydride-ester) microspheres for short- and long-term salicylic acid delivery

The formulation of salicylate-based poly(anhydride-ester) (PAE) microspheres was optimized by altering polymer concentration and homogenization speed to improve the overall morphology. The microspheres were prepared using three salicylate-based PAEs with different chemical compositions comprised of either a heteroatomic, linear aliphatic, or branched aliphatic moiety. These PAEs broadened the range of complete salicylic acid release to now include days, weeks and months. The molecular weight (M(w)), polydispersity index (PDI) and glass transition temperature (T(g)) of the formulated polymers were compared to the unformulated polymers. In general, the M(w) and PDI exhibited decreased and increased values, respectively, after formulation, whereas the T(g) changes did not follow a specific trend. Microsphere size and morphology were determined using scanning electron microscopy. These microspheres exhibited smooth surfaces, no aggregation, and size distributions ranging from 2-34 m in diameter. In vitro release studies of the chemically incorporated salicylic acid displayed widely tunable release profiles.