cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface Pressure Perturbations Produced by an Isolated Mesoscale Topographic Barrier. Part I: General Characteristics and Dynamics

Abstract This paper presents and analyzes the results of the Olympex Field Experiment, during which the operational observational network around the Olympic Mountains of Washington state was enhanced with eleven high-accuracy microbarographs. It is found that this isolated mesoscale topographic barrier produces both a windward high and lee low at the surface, with the latter generally possessing greater amplitude. The difference in amplitude between these two features lessens for higher Froude numbers. The mesoscale pressure perturbation produced by the barrier is highly correlated with the incoming wind speed averaged over a 100 mb layer centered at 850 mb. A comparison between the results of this experiment and linear theory reveals that linear theory does quite well in predicting the shape and amplitude of the mesoscale surface pressure perturbations for higher Froude numbers. This fact, and the high correlation of surface pressure perturbations with incoming wind speed, suggests that the surface mesos...
Epithelial differentiation in intraspinal meningiomas.

To investigate the epithelial features of intraspinal meningiomas, 25 intraspinal meningiomas and 25 intracranial meningiomas were examined for the presence of pseudopsammoma bodies with hematoxylin-eosin and periodic acid-Schiff staining. In addition, we investigated the expression of keratin and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) by immunohistochemical methods. Pseudopsammoma bodies were found in 3 of 25 cases of intracranial meningiomas (12%), but no definitive pseudopsammoma bodies were observed the intraspinal mengiomas. Three cases (12%) of intraspinal meningiomas and 9 cases (36%) of intracranial meningiomas, including 3 cases with pseudopsammoma bodies, were immunoreactive for keratin. All 25 (100%) intracranial meningiomas and 20 of 25 (84%) intraspinal meningiomas were reactive for EMA. In the intraspinal meningiomas, 4 of 25 cases (16%) showed no reactivity for EMA. These findings suggest that the origin of certain cell components of meningiomas may be different according to the site of the tumor or that the nature of meningioma may be modified by the local environment.
Dynamic response of secondary systems in structures subjected to ground shock or impact

Abstract The dynamic responses of a variety of multi-degree of freedom primary-secondary systems subjected to ground shock or impact are presented. The systems are damped and undamped. Completely detuned systems (all frequencies of the subsystems well-spaced) as well as singly tuned systems (a natural frequency of the primary subsytem equal or close to a natural frequency of the secondary subsystem) are investigated. The accuracy of the conventional floor spectrum method when applied to primary-secondary systems is presented determined. A new method for the determination of the dynamic response of multiply-tuned primary-secondary systems is presented.
Recent Benthonic Foraminifera: Environmental Factors controlling their Distribution

FORAMINIFEBA have great potential as indicators of ancient climate and environments. Most ecological studies of recent Foraminifera1 have dealt with the distribution of species or genera and their correlation with environmental parameters. This information cannot readily be applied to extinct species or genera. To achieve such an extension, we must understand how the environment influences morphological characteristics that transcend specific or generic classifications. Wall type was the character I chose for investigation2, as this is used3 to separate the major groups of Foraminifera (agglutinated, porcellaneous and hyaline calcareous). These groups have systematic local and worldwide distribution patterns.
Suppressing inflammation from inside out with novel NIR visible perfluorocarbon nanotheranostics

Highly innovative multimodal perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoemulsions are presented. They serve simultaneously as dual-mode imaging reagents (NIR and 19 F MRI), and drug delivery vehicles for water insoluble cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. These features qualify them as theranostic. Cancer progression and metastasis are highly influenced by tumor microenvironment and inflammation. Infiltration of primary tumors with inflammation-promoting cells (e.g. macrophages) is a negative prognostic factor for cancer patient survival. We postulate that the suppression of COX-2 enzyme in macrophages by theranostic PFC nanoemulsions will result in changes in macrophage levels of accumulation in tumors and/or their phenotype, which can suppress tumor- promoting activity. The presented theranostic nanoemulsions are designed to label immune cells such as macrophages, and deliver celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor. The designed theranostic incorporates two fluorescent reporters: a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye for improved optical in vivo imaging, and a distinct fluorescent dye for histological analysis of excised tissues. A high content of PFC in the theranostic allows 19 F MRI to quantitatively assess the distribution of the injected nanomedicine in the peritumoral area, and measure tumor-associated inflammation, while 1 H MRI provides anatomical context. NIR imaging is used as a complementary in vivo technique to assess biodistribution of the theranostic. We report preparation and characterization of the nanoemulsions’ colloidal and optical stability, in vitro toxicity, and imaging capabilities. This theranostic offers flexibility for in vitro and in vivo inflammation imaging and histological analysis using three different imaging functionalities (fluorescence, NIR and 19F MRI), advancing the monitoring and modulating of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in vivo.
“Corporatism With Adjectives”? Conceptualizing Civil Society Incorporation and Indigenous Participation in Latin America

Ethnodevelopment is a relatively new type of participatory policy that targets the poverty of marginalized ethnic groups with a focus on identity and self-management. While observers have recognized the empirical significance of this new paradigm, little has been done to conceptualize ethnodevelopment. This article argues that national-level ethnodevelopment implementation is a form of corporatism. Examining ethnodevelopment institutions in Ecuador, it shows that the state has structured, subsidized, and partially controlled the indigenous sector through ethnodevelopment policies and agencies. However, certain components of classical corporatism, such as monopolies of representation, do not characterize this paradigm. This article therefore classifies ethnodevelopment as a diminished subtype of corporatism. It challenges corporatism's long association with a particular historical period in the region and finds that Latin American states and social groups have called on historical institutional repertoires in responding to the newly salient ethnic cleavage in the region.
Frontier: A Directed Graph System for Web Navigation

Today, the Internet is a truly ubiquitous technology. Every day the vast population of Internet-enabled devices and web based platforms grows at an alarming rate; allowing users to consume web content with a considerably diversified experience. Despite this extensive choice in experience, the majority of Internet users access online content through desktop or mobile web browsers. Yet while web browsers have become faster and more powerful over time, growth in the innovation of the underlying browsing methodology has remained relatively stagnant. The Frontier project aims to the enhance the user interface for modern web browsers and introduce new methods for consuming web content. In particular, we seek to develop a user-friendly graph interface that improves web browsing in three areas: 1) explicit representation of page relationships, 2) history navigation, and 3) organization of web content. Through the development of our browser extension and user testing, we seek to show that such an interface provides significant improvements over what current browser interfaces offer.
Crossing social contexts: Relational aggression between siblings and friends during early and middle childhood ☆

Children often learn and apply behaviors in sibling interactions before they routinely use such behaviors in peer interactions. As part of a longitudinal study of relational aggression, 46 children were videotaped at home in semi-structured free play situations with siblings and with friends at age 4 and again at age 8. Observations revealed that sibling dyads exhibited a higher rate of relationally aggressive behaviors than did friend dyads at age 4, but by age 8, sibling and friend dyads showed similar rates of relationally aggressive behavior. Overall, this shift occurred because relational aggression between siblings decreased whereas relational aggression between friends increased. However, this pattern varied to some degree with the sex of the target child and whether the sibling was older or younger than the target. These results suggest significant implications for the development and transmission of children's social behaviors across contexts, highlighting the importance of intervening early in childhood and in the sibling context.
Reporting explained variance

The importance of reporting explained variance (sometimes referred to as magnitude of effects) in ANOVA designs is discussed in this paper. Explained variance is an estimate of the strength of the relationship between treatment (or other factors such as sex, grade level, etc.) and dependent variables of interest to the researcher(s). Three methods that can be used to obtain estimates of explained variance in ANOVA designs are described and applied to 16 studies that were reported in recent volumes of this journal. The results show that, while in most studies the treatment accounts for a relatively small proportion of the variance in dependent variable scores., in., some studies the magnitude of the treatment effect is respectable. The authors recommend that researchers in science education report explained variance in addition to the commonly reported tests of significance, since the latter are inadequate as the sole basis for making decisions about the practical importance of factors of interest to science education researchers.
Longitudinal coherence in cold atom interferometry

We give experimental evidence to confirm that the coherence length of a cold atomic wave packet remains constant while the packet's overall physical size increases in time. Doppler sensitive atom interferometry allows for atoms to be prepared in a regime where de Broglie wavelengths are much more comparable to coherence lengths than in a thermal regime. Atomic wave packet interactions are a function of coherence length which is determined by the initial velocity spread of the atom wave.
Redox-filled Carbon-Fiber Microelectrodes for Single-Cell Exocytosis.

Carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFEs) are the primary electroanalytical tool in single-cell exocytosis and in vivo studies. Here we report a new study on the kinetic properties of electrolyte-filled CFEs in single-cell measurements and demonstrate that the addition of outer sphere redox species, such as Fe(CN)63− and Ru(NH3)63+, in the backfill electrolyte solution can greatly enhance the kinetic response of CFEs. We show that at 750 mV, a voltage normally applied for detection of dopamine, the presence of fast outer sphere redox species in the backfilling solution significantly enhances the kinetic response of CFEs toward fast dopamine detection at single PC12 cells. Moreover, we also demonstrate that the use of Fe(CN)63− in the backfilling solution has enabled direct measurement of dopamine at applied voltages as low as 200 mV. This kinetic enhancement is believed to be due to faster electron-transfer kinetics on the coupling pole as compared to the sluggish reduction of oxygen. We anticipate that such redox-filled CFE ultramicroelectrodes will find many useful applications in single cell exocytosis and in vivo sensing.
Expression and physiological actions of neuropeptide Y in guinea pig parasympathetic cardiac ganglia

Guinea pig atrial whole mount preparations containing the parasympathetic cardiac ganglia were used to establish the expression, distribution and actions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in atrial tissues. NPY-immunoreactive fibers densely innervated the atrial myocardium and blood vessels. Fibers containing NPY also innervated intrinsic parasympathetic cardiac neurons. Four percent of the cardiac neurons, identified using microtubule associated protein-2 antiserum, were NPY-positive. An endogenous source of NPY was confirmed with reverse transcription PCR which demonstrated the presence of proNPY mRNA. Sixty percent of the parasympathetic cardiac neurons were hyperpolarized by local application of NPY. NPY also decreased the amplitude and duration of the action potential after hyperpolarization in 60% of the neurons and decreased the fast excitatory postsynaptic potential in about 50% of the cells. These observations indicate that NPY is anatomically positioned to directly alter the output of the parasympathetic cardiac ganglia either by hyperpolarizing the cardiac neurons or by decreasing the fast synaptic input which drives individual neurons.
Abstract PR5: Macropinocytosis as a mechanism of amino acid supply.

One of the most overt phenotypes associated with the expression of oncogenic Ras mutants is the stimulation of macropinocytosis, an endocytic process that involves extensive membrane remodeling and the internalization of extracellular fluid via large membrane-bound structures called macropinosomes. To date, the functional significance of Ras-dependent macropinocytosis has not been explored. We have found that pancreatic cancer cells harboring oncogenic K-Ras utilize macropinocytosis to internalize extracellular albumin, a major constituent of extracellular fluids and a potentially rich source of amino acids. Furthermore, we have established that tumor cells harboring oncogenic Ras mutations display robust macropinocytosis in vivo. Utilizing cell biological approaches and amino acid quantification, we determined that extracellular albumin that is internalized via oncogenic K-Ras-stimulated macropinosomes is targeted for degradation leading to the intracellular production of albumin-derived amino acids. Cancer cells display a heightened dependence on glutamine due to their need to sustain rapid proliferation, bioenergetics, and macromolecular biosynthesis. We have observed that in cells expressing oncogenic K-Ras, the adverse effects of glutamine deprivation on cell growth can be rescued by macropinocytosismediated uptake of extracellular albumin. Moreover, the capacity of macropinocytic inhibition to diminish this growth advantage is dependent on both glutamine and glutamine-derived metabolites. These results indicate that macropinocytosis may serve as a glutamine supply mechanism that is particularly critical under conditions where free glutamine is limiting. Together, these data implicate oncogenic K-Ras-mediated macropinocytosis in the regulation of cancer cell metabolism and point to the possibility of exploiting this process in the design of anticancer therapies. This proffered talk is also presented as Poster B67. Citation Format: Cosimo Commisso, Shawn M. Davidson, Rengin G. Soydaner-Azeloglu, Seth J. Parker, Christian M. Metallo, Matthew G. Vander Heiden, Dafna Bar-Sagi. Macropinocytosis as a mechanism of amino acid supply. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Progress and Challenges; Jun 18-21, 2012; Lake Tahoe, NV. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(12 Suppl):Abstract nr PR5.
Negative naloxone effects in schizophrenic patients.

On the basis of the hypothesis that the opiate-like neuropeptides, such as beta-endorphin, may be involved in the etiology of schizophrenic symptoms, naloxone 1.2 mg and placebo were administered intravenously to 8 schizophrenic patients, using a double-blind, crossover design. Naloxone was not found to be different from placebo in effecting schizophrenic symptoms, including hallucinations and delusions.
Effects of types of challenge on pressor and heart rate responses in type A and B women.

Two studies examined the blood pressure and heart rate responses of female college students categorized as Type A or B according to the Rosenman and Friedman structured interview technique. In Study I, unlike male college students, the interview-defined Types did not differ significantly in physiological response to either a cold pressor test or reaction time task under instructional conditions that emphasized the difficulty of the tasks. Consistent with data from male subjects, however, interview ratings of potential for hostility were found for both Types to correlate positively with changes in systolic blood pressure and heart rate for the reaction time task. In Study II, Type A women compared with Type Bs did show greater increases in systolic blood pressure during the structured interview and in the course of a challenging American history quiz, but as in Study I, not in a high-incentive reaction time task. These results suggest that under some conditions (e.g., moderately challenging interpersonal exchanges) women evidencing the Type A pattern may show larger hemodynamic responses than Type Bs, but important differences may exist between the sexes in the types of situations which evoke such responses.
Contraception for obese women: challenges, concerns and recommendations for the future

One consequence of the worldwide obesity epidemic is the rapidly increasing cohort of reproductive-age obese women who face special challenges to achieve a healthy reproductive career. Popular low-dose hormonal contraceptives may be less effective in obese than in nonobese women. Cardiovascular and metabolic side effects associated with higher dose hormonal contraceptives may be exacerbated in obese women. Since obese women face an elevated risk of pregnancy complications, reducing unintended pregnancy by maximizing contraceptive effectiveness is of the utmost importance. To counsel women effectively, healthcare providers must be fully informed about all contraceptive options, as well as ways in which lifestyles can be modified to achieve and maintain a healthy weight. In the future, more research will be needed into the health effects of modern contraception in obese women.
Effect of Negative Differential Conductance in Carbon Nanotubes

Measurements of transport at high electric fields in metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown either saturation of the current or a region of negative differential conductance (NDC) characterized by the current, after reaching a maximum, decreasing with further increase in voltage. We point out that both types of behavior are characteristic of NDC, but the NDC is masked in samples showing current saturation due to generation of space charge, leading to a nonuniform electric field. We derive the relation between the carrier concentration, the electric field at which the drift velocity peaks, and the length of the sample that is required for the NDC to be manifest as saturation.
Anesthesia in Patients with Heart Disease

Anesthesia for the patient with heart disease has become increasingly safer with the passage of years due to a better knowledge of the physiology of heart disease and of the pharmacologic action of anesthetic agents themselves. There are few statistics to support the clinical impression that patients with cardiac disease tolerate anesthesia and surgery well but reports are not lacking. The difficulty in gathering statistics lies in an inability to compare results in comparable groups of patients. Anesthesia is but a small part of the total operative experience. The patient with serious heart disease usually undergoes a relatively long period of preoperative preparation. When ready, he is given preanesthetic medication and is subjected to the administration of an anesthetic. The surgical operation is superimposed on these preliminary events. Subsequently, convalescence with its many physiologic adjustments completes the surgical experience. Anesthetic problems may originate in any of the aforementioned pha...
Mutual climatic range reconstructions of seasonal temperatures based on Late-Pleistocene fossil beetle assemblages in Eastern Beringia

Abstract The mutual climatic range (MCR) method of paleoclimate reconstruction has been employed by paleoentomologists for the last decade. A quantitative, calibrated method, MCR has many advantages over qualitative methods. The method has now been developed for arctic faunas. Climate envelopes for beetle species found in Eastern Beringia have been compiled using a 25 km gridded North American climate database that pairs climate parameters with modern collection sites. Linear regressions of predicted on observed values yielded equations used to calibrate the MCR estimates. This study presents the initial results from the MCR analysis of 46 fossil beetle assemblages from Alaska and the Yukon Territory. The assemblages range in age from about 150,000–9200 yr BP. Isotope stage six assemblages yielded estimates of mean July temperature (TMAX) 4–5°C colder than at present. Assemblages associated with the Old Crow tephra (OCt) (dated approximately 140,000 yr BP.) likewise indicated TMAX values well below modern levels. Isotope stage 5e faunas showed TMAX values as much as 3.5°C warmer than modern. Early Wisconsinan assemblages showed climatic cooling with TMAX levels dropping as low as 6°C colder than at present. A mid-Wisconsinan interstadial period is marked by warming of mean summer temperatures to near-modern levels at some sites. Last Glacial Maximum assemblages reflect cooling of TMAX to a level about 6.4°C colder than at present, although most assemblages from this period yielded mean January temperatures above modern levels. Warming of summer temperatures began at least by 12,500 yr BP, and warmer-than-modern TMAX values were recorded from all assemblages between then and 9200 yr BP.
A laboratory for the visualization of virtual environments

Abstract The Virtual Environments Laboratory is an interdisciplinary program of the School of Design with facilities oriented toward research and teaching of advanced computer-based imaging, modeling and simulation. The Laboratory draws on the strength and experience of the design disciplines for visualization and problem-solving as applied to all fields. A primary focus of the laboratory is the simulation of terrestrial, atmospheric and marine environments.
Electron spin resonance of impurities in magnetic insulators

Abstract It is possible to observe and very useful to study the electron spin resonance of impurities in paramagnetic hosts. Among the interesting phenomena observable and measurable in these studies are: (a) symmetric and antisymmetric exchange interactions between the impurities and the hosts determined from the indirect superhyperfine interactions, pseudo-Zeeman interactions and pseudo crystal field effects, (b) the Jahn-Teller induced random strains effects resulting in the magnetic field dependence of the fine structure linewidths, and (c) the nature of the dynamical interactions of the hosts manifested in the lifetime broadenings of the impurity spectra.
Primary B cell repertoire remodeling to achieve humoral transplantation tolerance

The current mainstay of immunotherapy in clinical transplantation is T lymphocyte directed. However, it has long been appreciated that the emergence of an alloimmune response mounted by the B lymphocyte compartment and detectable as donor-specific antibodies is a critical challenge to long-term graft survival. Thus, achieving robust transplantation tolerance will require induction of tolerance in both the T- and B-cell compartments. Here we propose that the natural developmental propensity of the B-lymphocyte compartment acquisition of tolerance to self-antigens can be recapitulated to achieve humoral transplantation tolerance. It is our contention B-lymphocyte directed induction immunotherapy would be an important component of emerging strategies for induction of Transplantation tolerance.
Combining rent-seeking and public choice theory in the analysis of tariffs versus quotas

Economists' continuing criticisms of protectionism make a valuable contribution to the general interest element of the forces which operate to keep propensities to protect somewhat in check. McKenzie rightly warns, however, that proposals by economists for giving protection in more efficient forms run the danger of increasing the total supply of protection. Thus, we agree that serious consideration should be given to the political economy responses which may be induced before one advocates ways of doing more efficiently what one believes should not be done in the first place. It does not follow, however, that all such policies will have net negative unanticipated consequences. In the case of tariffs versus quotas, we do not believe that we have yet sufficient knowledge of all of the relevant political economy considerations to predict about the full effects of legislation which allowed trade protection to only take the form of tariffs. We are doubtful, however, that such a measure would increase the total quantity of protection through the channels outlined by McKenzie. We believe that the same type of basic public choice analysis of the individual incentives to lobby which suggests that consumer-taxpayers will not force the political process to operate so as to maximize aggregate economic efficiency with respect to the level of protection also suggests that the net lobbying for quotas is likely to be higher on average than the net lobbying for tariffs. Political effectiveness and ability to overcome free riding on the part of tariff revenue seekers is likely to be low at the margin. Furthermore, issues of visibility and institutional structure are likely to lessen the ability of anti-protection forces to lobby against quotas. Placed within a broader framework, public choice and rent-seeking theory is consistent with the empirical evidence that where quotas are used, protection is high.
Reassessing Proximity Voting: Expertise, Party, and Choice in Congressional Elections

Spatial theories of voting are appealing because they link voters’ electoral choices to candidates’ policy positions. Yet if voters lack political sophistication and awareness of candidate positions, they may not measure up to the cognitive demands of spatial voting models. Using district experts to ascertain House candidates’ positions on the same liberal-conservative scale as in a survey of constituents, we find that proximity voting is common, even among voters unaware of candidates’ ideological positions. Since voting based on party identification or presidential approval often produces votes consistent with the spatial model, such alternative decision rules explain this result by serving as powerful proxies for proximity voting. In addition, facilitator variables such as involvement in politically expert interpersonal networks, the ideological difference between candidates, and voters’ distance from the district ideological cut point help explain proximity voting.
Definitions of a gang and impacts on public policy

Abstract At the turn of the 21st century, the U.S. prison population is at an all-time high. In large part, this is due to the punitive response, by policymakers, of locking up offenders. Incarceration is not the solution to crime. This country needs more prevention and intervention programs to tackle the problem of crime before it spreads, especially with regard to the rapid increase of gangs. Gang prevention programs should be based upon the knowledge of those who have some insight into such issues, that is, those most affected by the policies. This is the only way to ascertain a more holistic understanding of gangs and crime. The present study examines the perspectives of thirty-four incarcerated young women—some involved with gangs and some not— by analyzing their definitions of gangs. It is hoped that their insights might be incorporated into more effective policies while simultaneously empowering a marginalized population.
Cortisol hypersecretion in prepubertal depressive illness: A preliminary report

Abstract (1) Plasma cortisol was measured every 20 min for 10–24 hr in 4 prepubertal children fitting unmodified Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for major depressive disorder, endogenous subtype. (2) Hormonal assessments were made before treatment and after clinical recovery. (3) Two of the 4 subjects presented evidence of cortisol hypersecretion during illness, subsiding after clinical recovery, similar to that seen in adult endogenous depressives. (4) These preliminary data support the hypothesis that child and adult major depressive disorders are basically the same illness occurring at different points in development.
Obliterative brachiocephalic arteritis; pulseless disease of Takayasu.

Although a newcomer to American medical literature, this strange vascular disease of young adult women has been recognized abroad for many years. The etiology is obscure, but the pathologic findings are fairly well documented and the clinical picture is unusually consistent. An obliterative arteritis of the branches of the aortic arch results in severe ocular and cerebral damage. The disease process is relentlessly progressive and the prognosis for sight and life is poor. The present case was treated with corticosteroids and anticoagulants with apparent benefit. This disease should be considered when cataracts are encountered in young people and when arterial pressures and pulses in the upper extremities are absent.
Prediction of "intent", "discrepancy with intent", and "discrepancy with nonintent" for the patient with chronic pain to return to work after treatment at a pain facility.

OBJECTIVE We previously determined that "intent" to return to work post pain facility treatment is the strongest predictor for actual return to work. The purposes of the present study were the following: to identify variables predicting "intent"; to predict membership in the "discrepant with intent" group [those chronic pain patients (CPPs) who do intend to return to work but do not]; and to predict membership in the "discrepant with nonintent" group (those CPPs who do not intend to return to work but do). DESIGN A total of 128 CPPs completed a series of rating scales and yes/no questions relating to their preinjury job perceptions and a question relating to "intent" to return to the same type of preinjury job post-pain facility treatment. These CPPs were part of a grant study for prediction of return to work, and therefore their work status was determined at 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months posttreatment. Preinjury job perceptions and other demographic variables were utilized using stepwise discriminant analysis to identify variables predicting "intent" and predicting membership in the "discrepant with intent" and "discrepant with nonintent" groups. SETTING Pain facility (multidisciplinary pain center). PATIENTS Consecutive low back pain CPPs, mean age 41.66+/-9.54 years, with the most frequent highest educational status being high school completion (54.7%) and 60.2% being worker compensation CPPs. RESULTS "Intent" was predicted by (in decreasing order of probability) postinjury job availability variables, job characteristic variables, and a litigation variable. "Discrepant with intent" was predicted by (in decreasing order of probability) for the 1-month follow-up time point, postinjury job availability variables, pain variables, a litigation variable, and a function perception variable, and for the final follow-up time point, pain variables only. "Discrepant with nonintent" was predicted by (in order of decreasing probability) for the 1-month follow-up time point, a job availability variable, a demographic variable, and a functional perception variable, and for the final follow-up time point a pain variable and a job availability variable. The percentage of CPPs correctly classified by each of these analyses was as follows: "intent" 81.25%, "discrepant with intent" 87.01% (at 1-month follow-up) and 74.03% (final follow-up), "discrepant with nonintent" 92.16% (at 1-month follow-up) and 75.00% (final follow-up). CONCLUSIONS CPPs intentions of returning to their preinjury jobs are mainly determined by job availability and job characteristic variables but surprisingly not by pain variables. However, the results with "discrepant with intent" and "discrepant with nonintent" groups indicate that actual return to work is determined by an interaction between job availability variables and pain variables with pain variables predominating for long-term outcome.
A quantitative assay for IgA rheumatoid factor

We developed a solid-phase radioimmunoassay capable of detecting nanogram quantities of human IgA rheumatoid factor (RF) in biological fluids. Human IgM RF, IgG RF, IgG, IgA, IgM and whole serum did not significantly interfere with the IgA RF assay. Patients with sero-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had significantly higher concentrations of IgA RF than sero-negative RA patients or healthy adult controls. Concentrations of IgA RF in paired sera and synovial fluids from sero-positive RA patients were comparable. Levels of IgA RF demonstrated a moderately good correlation with levels of IgM RF in sero-positive RA sera (r = 0.673). However, the ratio of IgA RF concentration to IgM RF concentration in sero-positive RA sera varied widely.
“The black men has wives and Sweet harts [and third person plural -s] Jest like the white men”: Evidence for verbal -s from written documents on 19th-century African American speech

The analysis of letters written by 19th-century African Americans shows constraints on verbal -s marking which parallel those found in the writing of Scotch-Irish immigrants in the same time period and region, specifically a subject type constraint and a proximity to subject constraint. This correlation is highly suggestive for the study of the development of African American Vernacular English (AAVE). This study finds no support for a basis from a creole or from Standard English for AAVE in verbal concord and concludes that some, perhaps many, African Americans used varieties of English with little or no creole influence. Earlier studies have assumed that standard dialects of English constituted the superstrate in colonial and antebellum America; this analysis makes it clear that we must examine the features of the local varieties, black and white, before making any claims about the influences of language contact on a given variety. Further, the consistent patterns of inflections found in this study show that written documents, in particular letters written by semiliterate African Americans, are a good source for further linguistic study of 19th-century language.
A new DNA extraction method for automated food analysis

Effective DNA purification is essential for reliable composition and contamination analysis in the food industry. This paper compares two DNA extraction and purification procedures for food analysis. The commercially available DNA extraction kit from Agilent Technologies, Inc. was tested against a new solid phase extraction (SPE) method using silica beads embedded in a porous monolith structure that is integrated in a disposable column design. The technique is amenable to automation and streamlined workflow integration, with possible miniaturization of the sample handling process making it suitable for high-throughput applications. To demonstrate the automated process, the manual homogenizing step was compared to a custom automated procedure. To demonstrate the process for food testing, two types of sausages were analyzed for traces of porcine gDNA.
Stage-specific effects of Campoletis sonorensis parasitism on Heliothis virescens development and prothoracic glands.

The ichneumonid endoparasitoid Campoletis sonorensis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) injects a polydnavirus when it oviposits into a host. We compared the development of Heliothis virescens (F.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae parasitized in the penultimate (fourth) stadium with those parasitized in the last (fifth) stadium by C.sonorensis and show that hosts stung in the fifth stadium exhibited arrested or delayed development compared to the controls. Parasitoids developed normally to the point of emergence in larvae stung in the fifth stadium but most did not successfully emerge from the host. The prothoracic glands in all successfully parasitized fifth stadium hosts and most unsuccessfully parasitized fifth stadium hosts showed some degree of virally-induced degeneration. Larvae stung in the fourth stadium developed more slowly than controls and either did not moult or developed to a fifth and sometimes a supernumerary sixth stadium before parasitoid emergence. Unsuccessfully parasitized hosts were delayed in their development but eventually moulted to the fifth and, in some cases, a supernumerary sixth stadium before pupating. Hosts stung in the fourth stadium showed no signs of prothoracic gland degeneration whether successfully parasitized or not. In addition, calyx fluid injections into early fourth stadium hosts did not cause prothoracic gland degeneration even after these hosts moulted to the fifth stadium, suggesting that degeneration induced by polydnavirus is specific to the last stadium of the host.
Performance-Based Evaluation of an Improved Robust Optimization Formulation

AbstractMuch progress has been made in the standardization of uncertainty analysis techniques for simulation modeling but less progress has been made in optimization modeling. Among the various techniques used for optimization modeling under uncertainty, robust optimization (RO) uniquely allows for evaluation and control of the various risks of poor system performance resulting from input parameter uncertainties in water-resources problems. A model formulation was developed that addresses an inadequacy in a previous RO formulation. The importance of evaluating, through postprocessing, RO model results with respect to a range of performance metrics, has been demonstrated rather than a single metric, as has been common in previous studies. An analysis of the tradeoffs between solution robustness (nearness to optimality across all scenarios) and feasibility robustness (nearness to feasibility across all scenarios) illustrates the importance of including these terms in multiobjective water resources decision ...
A Simple, Valveless Microfluidic Sample Preparation Device for Extraction and Amplification of DNA from Nanoliter-Volume Samples

A glass microdevice has been constructed for the on-line integration of solid-phase extraction (SPE) of DNA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on a single chip. The chromatography required for SPE in the microfluidic sample preparation device (μSPD) was carried out in a silica bead/sol−gel SPE bed, where the purified DNA was eluted directly into a downstream chamber where conventional thermocycling allowed for PCR amplification of specific DNA target sequences. Through rapid, simple passivation of the PCR chamber with a silanizing reagent, reproducible DNA extraction and amplification was demonstrated from complex biological matrixes in a manner amenable to any research laboratory, using only a syringe pump and a conventional thermocycler. The μSPD allowed for SPE concentration of DNA from 600 nL of blood coupled to subsequent on-chip amplification that yielded a detectable amplicon; this simple device can be applied to a variety of routine genetic analyses without the need for sophisticated instrumentat...
Amplitude loss of sonic waveform due to source coupling to the medium

[1] In contrast to hydrate-free sediments, sonic waveforms acquired in gas hydrate-bearing sediments indicate strong amplitude attenuation associated with a sonic velocity increase. The amplitude attenuation increase has been used to quantify pore-space hydrate content by attributing observed attenuation to the hydrate-bearing sediment's intrinsic attenuation. A second attenuation mechanism must be considered, however. Theoretically, energy radiation from sources inside fluid-filled boreholes strongly depends on the elastic parameters of materials surrounding the borehole. It is therefore plausible to interpret amplitude loss in terms of source coupling to the surrounding medium as well as to intrinsic attenuation. Analyses of sonic waveforms from the Mallik 5L-38 well, Northwest Territories, Canada, indicate a significant component of sonic waveform amplitude loss is due to source coupling. Accordingly, all sonic waveform amplitude analyses should include the effect of source coupling to accurately characterize a formation's intrinsic attenuation.
Tariffs, foreign capital and immiserizing growth with urban unemployment and specific factors of production

Abstract In this note, we show that a recent observation of Brecher-Alejandro as regards tariff-induced capital inflows ‘essentially’ extends to a setting with urban unemployment, three factors of production and a variety of labor market conditions in the urban sector.
The Thermodynamic and Microphysical Evolution of an Intense Snowband during the Northeast U.S. Blizzard of 8–9 February 2013

AbstractAn intense snowband developed across Long Island, New York, to the north and west of the surface cyclone center on 8–9 February 2013. The snowband evolved through three distinct phases during its 12-h lifetime. During phase 1 the band developed in an area of low-to-midlevel frontogenesis and pivoted over central Long Island and southern Connecticut, where it remained for approximately 10 h. The environment surrounding the snowband cooled to <0°C; however, the band was collocated with a 900–700-hPa layer that remained above 0°C for ~5 h. During phase 2 the band exhibited heavy snowfall rates exceeding 7.5–10 cm h−1 with large and aggregated snow, wet-growth hail-like particles, and a radar reflectivity of ~55 dBZ. About 1 h later during phase 3, the snowband reflectivity decreased to near 30 dBZ and was characterized by less dense snow in a colder environment while still maintaining heavy snowfall rates (6.5–6.7 cm h−1). The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model was used to analyze the band ...
Performance of 161-Kv and 115-Kv Transmission Lines

The design and lightning performance data of the Tennessee Valley Authorty's (TVA) 161-kv and 115-kv sys-tem over a period of 21 years, a general guide for emergency loading of lines, and an analysis of interruptions due to lightning over a 4-year period are shown in tabular form. Maps and illustrations show the transmission system with the isokeraunic levels 1 and various types of construction. Conclusions are drawn on line performance and line design.
Historical review of Lynch syndrome

Lynch syndrome was formerly known as Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer. Currently, these two nomenclatures each have their unique definitions and are no longer used interchangeably. The history of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer was first recognized formally in the literature by Henry Lynch in 1967. With advances of molecular genetics, there has been a transformation from clinical phenotype to genotype diagnostics. This has led to the ability to diagnose affected patients before they manifest with cancer, and therefore allow preventative surveillance strategies. Genotype diagnostics has shown a difference in penetrance of different cancer risks dependent on the gene containing the mutation. Surgery is recommended as prevention for some cancers; for others they are reserved for once cancer is noted. Various surveillance strategies are recommended dependent on the relative risk of cancer and the ability to intervene with surgery to impact on survival. Risk reduction through aspirin has shown some recent promise, and continues to be studied.
Fate of the initial state perturbations in heavy ion collisions

Heavy ion collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are well described by the (nearly ideal) hydrodynamics. In the present paper, we study the propagation of perturbations induced by moving charges (jets) on top of the expanding fireball, using hydrodynamics and (dual) magnetohydrodynamics. Two experimentally observed structures, called a ``cone'' and a ``hard ridge'', have been discovered in a dihadron correlation function with a large-${p}_{t}$ trigger, while a ``soft ridge'' is a similar structure seen without a hard trigger. All three can be viewed as traces left by a moving charge in matter, on top of overall expansion. A puzzle is why those perturbations are apparently rather well preserved at the time of the fireball freeze-out. We study two possible solutions: (A) a ``wave-splitting'' acoustic option and (B) a ``metastable electric flux tube'' option. In the first case, we show that rapidly variable speed of sound under certain conditions leads to secondary sound waves, which are at freeze-out time closer to the original location and have larger intensities than the first wave. In the latter case, we rely on (dual) magnetohydrodynamics, which also predicts two cones or cylinders of the waves. We also briefly discuss metastable electric flux tubes in the near-${T}_{c}$ phase and their relation to clustering data.
Strengthening the Capacity of Local Health Agencies through Community-Based Assessment and Planning:

c Objectives. We evaluated the effectiveness of the Protocol for Assessing Com- munity Excellence in Environmental Health (PACE EH) in building competency in essential environmental health services and renewing efforts to engage the community in problem solving. Competency and community engagement have been identified by environmental health practitioners as important to meet new threats to public health. Methods. We conducted a national survey and 24 case studies of public health agencies. We invited 917 organizations to participate in the national survey because they had requested a copy of the protocol. Results. We received 656 total responses: 354 had not considered implemen- tation, 302 had considered implementation, and 66 had implemented PACE EH. For the 24 case studies, we interviewed 206 individuals in communities implementing PACE EH. We found that PACE EH has had a positive effect on building community and professional networks, enhancing leadership, develop- ing workforce competence, and expanding definitions of environmental health practice. Conclusions. With appropriate investments, PACE EH can be an effective tool to meet the environmental health challenges identified by local environmental health practitioners and state, tribal, and federal agencies.
Exploring Relationships of Masculinity and Ethnicity as At-Risk Markers for Online Sexual Addiction in Men

Relationships of ethnicity and traditional masculinity as at-risk markers for online sexual addiction were explored in this study through the use of descriptive and correlational statistics of 1,441 men. Nearly 31% of men ascribed to higher levels of traditional masculinity and 8% of men were identified as having at-risk markers for online sexual addiction. Small effect size was noted due to large sample. Further research among the varying sexual orientations, family dynamics, and religious affiliation among men is recommended to better understand how traditional masculinity and ethnicity impacts at-risk behaviors for online sexual addiction.