cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Description of a Chalcidoid Parasite of Protocalliphora (Hymenop.).

Specimens of a chalcidoid parasite reared by Wm. L., Jellison and Cornelius B. Philip, of the Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Laboratory of the United States Public Health Service at Hamilton, Montana, from pupae of Protociilliphora avium Shannon and Dobroscky infesting bird nests appear to represent a genus and species new to science and are described below.
Enabling open innovation and interoperability: recommendations for policy-makers

This paper examines the important role that intellectual property ("IP") plays in driving innovation and interoperability in the IT industry, and recommends how governments can best promote these objectives, in particular by: (1) protecting IP; (2) avoiding technology mandates which stifle innovation and stunt economic growth and (3) promoting choice and technological neutrality in their procurement decisions and regulations.
An incident flux expansion transport theory method suitable for coupling to diffusion theory methods in hexagonal geometry

Abstract A new hybrid stochastic–deterministic transport theory method, which is designed to couple with diffusion theory, is presented. The new method is an extension of the incident flux response expansion method, and it combines the speed of diffusion theory with the accuracy of transport theory. With ease of use in mind, the new method is derived in such a way that it can be implemented with only minimal modifications to an existing diffusion theory method. A new angular expansion, which is necessary for the diffusion theory coupling, is developed in 2D and 3D. The method is implemented in 2D hexagonal geometry, and an HTTR benchmark problem is used to test its accuracy in a standalone configuration. It is found that the new method produces excellent results (with average relative error in partial current less than 0.033%) when compared with Monte Carlo reference solutions. Furthermore, the method is fast, solving all test cases in less than 12 s.
Evidence of oral translocation of anionic G6.5 dendrimers in mice.

Development of carrier systems to improve oral bioavailability and target drugs to specific sites continues to be an unmet need. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of anionic generation (G) 6.5 poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers in oral drug delivery by assessing their in vivo oral translocation. G6.5-COOH dendrimers were characterized for their physiochemical characteristics and acute oral toxicity was assessed in CD-1 mice. The dendrimers were labeled with 125I and their stability evaluated. Oral bioavailability was assessed in the same mouse model. Investigation of the radioactivity profile in plasma revealed presence of both large and small molecular weight compounds. Detailed area under the curve analysis suggests an effective 9.4% bioavailability of radiolabeled marker associated with G6.5-COOH. Results reported here suggest the potential of dendrimers in permeating gastrointestinal barriers in vivo.
MODIS Cloud Optical Property Retrieval Uncertainties Derived from Pixel-Level Radiometric Error Estimates

MODIS retrievals of cloud optical thickness and effective particle radius employ a well-known VNIR/SWIR solar reflectance technique. For this type of algorithm, we evaluate the uncertainty in simultaneous retrievals of these two parameters to pixel-level (scene-dependent) radiometric error estimates as well as other tractable error sources.
Differential effects of the adenosine A2A agonist CGS-21680 and haloperidol on food-reinforced fixed ratio responding in the rat

Rationale Previous studies have shown that adenosine A2A receptors are colocalized with dopamine D2 receptors on striatal neurons. Activation of these two receptors has antagonistic effects under a number of conditions suggesting that stimulation of adenosine A2A receptors may have behavioral effects resembling those produced by blockade of dopamine D2 receptors, but this possibility has been investigated in a limited number of situations.
Susceptibility of Eikenella corrodens to Ten Cephalosporins

The susceptibility of 24 strains of Eikenella corrodens was determined, by the agar dilution technique, to 10 cephalosporins, as well as to clindamycin, penicillin and dicloxacillin. All strains were uniformly very susceptible to penicillin G and cefoxitin and resistant to clindamycin and dicloxacillin. Cefazolin showed good activity. Cephalexin, cephradine, and cefadroxil showed poor activity, and cefamandole's activity was relatively poor. Cephalothin, cephapirin, cefaclor, and cephaloridine showed moderate activity, with some strains relatively resistant.
Sunshinisms: wisdom and kindness

‘You meet people who forget you. You forget people you meet. But sometimes you meet those people you can’t forget. Those are your friends’ Anonymous
How sensitive are Malaysia's bilateral trade flows to depreciation?

In an attempt to assess the impact of currency depreciation on the trade balance, recent studies are employing disaggregated trade data to avoid aggregation bias. However, since import and export prices are not available at disaggregated level, recent studies are using export and import values rather than their volumes so that they can establish direct relation between inpayments and the exchange rate as well as between outpayments and the exchange rate. This study explores the experience of Malaysia. Bilateral inpayments and outpayments models are estimated between Malaysia and her 14 trading partners using quarterly data and bound testing approach to cointegration. The results show that while real depreciation of the ringgit has short-run effects, in the long-run it increases Malaysia's inpayments from only five trading partners.
Liquid‐crystalline silsesquioxanes

Liquid-crystalline silsesquioxanes were synthesized by combining mesogens with spherical silsesquioxanes. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibit smectic phases. Lateral connection of a mesogen results in a nematic phase. All phases are optical uniaxial positive, i.e. calamitic structures are favoured. LC-silsesquioxanes represent a new group of liquid-crystalline side-chain polymers with backbones ranging from centrosymmetric cage like structures of siloxanes or heterosiloxanes to linear ladder structures. They can be considered as the link between the linear side-chain polymers and surface treated silica or quartz.
Effects of the novel endocannabinoid uptake inhibitor, LY2183240, on fear-potentiated startle and alcohol-seeking behaviors in mice selectively bred for high alcohol preference

Rationale Alcohol-use disorders often occur together with anxiety disorders in humans which may be partly due to common inherited genetic factors. Evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of individuals with anxiety and/or alcohol-use disorders.
Host-specific demographic studies of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata.

. 1. This study was conducted in Greece using a wild strain of medflies (Ceratitis capitata [Weidemann]) to assess age-specific vital rates in adults, and development and survival in pre-adults when reared on different host fruit. The results were used to construct life tables. 2. The demographic analyses suggested that there are basically four aspects of the medfly's life history which are of major importance: (i) multiple, highlyoverlapping generations; (ii) high net reproduction while young; (iii) high larval fitness in certain hosts; (iv) lack of diapause. 3. Reasons why these characteristics are felt to be important are briefly discussed.
Conditional interval estimation of the mean following rejection of a two sided test

The effect of rejecting a two-sided preliminary test of significance for the mean of a normal distribution upon subsequent interval estimation of the mean is examined. For the case where the variance is known, conditional confidence intervals may be shorter than unconditional intervals, in contrast to the one-sided preliminary test case examined by Meeks and D’Agostino (1983, The American Statistician, 7, 134-136) . For the case where the variance is unknown and must be estimated by the sample variance, it is shown that customary intervals do not offer uniformly greater or lesser coverage than the nominal level.
‘How I Stoppedworrying about Mel Gibson and Learned to Love the Quest for the Historical Jesus’: A Review of Mel Gibson’S the Passion of the Christ

The Passion of the Christ by Mel Gibson has proven to be a mass-cultural phenomenon. This article compares it with the recent film The Gospel of John and then evaluates the film under three rubrics: (1) artistic and religious merit, (2) historical accuracy, and (3) anti-Semitism. The relationship between these two films and the problem of the historical Jesus is investigated.
Toxicity of Intravitreal Fluconazole in Rabbits: An Extended Abstract

Fungal endophthalmitis has been associated with a high degree of morbidity; this, together with an increase in the postsurgical incidence of the infection and the inadequacy of currently available therapies, has emphasized the need for safe and effective treatment alternatives [1]. Optimal therapeutic regimens for fungal endophthalmitis have not been defined. Several studies have reported encouraging results in the treatment of mycotic intraocular infections with intravitreous injection of amphotericin B alone or in combination with vitrectomy. Intravitreous administration of amphotericin B in conjunction with parenteral support has also been useful in the treatment of patients with fungal endophthalmitis. However, toxic effects following both systemic and intraocular administration make this agent less than ideal [2-4]. Reports indicate that parenterally administered miconazole, despite having few toxic effects, is generally less effective than amphotericin B in the treatment of both experimental and clinical fungal endophthalmitis [5, 6]. The solubility of miconazole in aqueous solution is poor, and preliminary tests have shown that doses of >40 gtg dissolved in 100%7o DMSO are toxic when injected intravitreally in rabbit eyes. The toxicity was considered to be due to miconazole and not to the solvent DMSO [7]. Intraocular toxicity studies were performed in New Zealand white rabbits. Our results indicate that fluconazole at concentrations of up to 100 ig/0.1 mL can be injected into the vitreous cavity in these animals without producing toxic effects [8]. These findings suggest a possible role for intravitreal injection of fluconazole in the treatment of exogenous fungal endophthalmitis in humans. Savani and associates [9] found that fluconazole exhibited good intravitreal penetration (21.5 ? 0.1
Current and Historical content scales for the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS)

Purpose. The objective of this study was to identify and validate general criminal thinking scales for the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) formed on the basis of item content. Methods. The 64 items that comprise the eight PICTS thinking style scales were rationally sorted into two general content scales: a scale composed of items believed to reflect current criminal attitudes and beliefs, and a scale that references past criminal attitudes and beliefs. Eliminating items that exhibited highly skewed distributions, that failed to discriminate between custody levels, that loaded weakly on the first factor of a principal components analysis, and that displayed minimal differentiation in correlations with the two content scales resulted in a 13-item Current scale and a 12-item Historical scale. Results. Data analyses of PICTS results attained by several different samples of offenders revealed divergent patterns of strength for the two content scales, with the Historical scale demonstrating greater stability and correlating better with past criminality and the Current scale being more effective in predicting future disciplinary and release outcome. Conclusions. The outcome of this study suggests that the Current scale furnishes a meaningful estimate of an offender's current criminal thinking which may be useful in predicting future criminality, while the Historical scale does a better job of assessing a person's criminal past which may or may not coincide with current criminal attitudes and beliefs.
The combined effects of memantine and fluoxetine on an animal model of obsessive compulsive disorder

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is currently treated with behavioral modification and psychotropic medications, with varying degrees of success. The most popular drugs for the treatment of OCD are the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Another drug, the N-methyl-d-aspartate antagonist memantine, has recently been tested in the treatment of OCD. The present study investigates the effect of fluoxetine and memantine alone and in combination in a mouse model of compulsive behavior. In this model, compulsive scratching is induced by a subcutaneous injection of serotonin or a serotonin releasing agent, compound 48-80, in the back of the neck. The effects of the memantine and fluoxetine combination were found to synergistic, specifically as defined by an isobologram. The results of the present investigation suggest the potential of a more effective management of the symptoms of OCD.
Improved calculation of the quadratic Stark effect in the 6P3/2 state of Cs.

Calculations of the Stark scalar and tensor polarizabilities ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}$ and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}$ for the 6${P}_{3/2}$ state in cesium are reported, along with values of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}$ for the 6${S}_{1/2}$, 7${S}_{1/2}$, and 6${P}_{1/2}$ states. The results are in very good agreement with the latest measurements. We also used our method to calculate the Stark amplitude coefficients for the 6${S}_{1/2}$-7${S}_{1/2}$ transition; the results are compared with those of previous theoretical and experimental work.
Experimental realizations of mean-field Ising and Heisenberg spin-glasses

Abstract In the Ising mean-field model of a spin-glass it is predicted that the onset of strong irreversibility and the susceptibility cusp coincide and that the critical exponent of the order parameter is unity. Both of these behaviors have been observed in our measurements on the alloy Fe65Mn21Cr14, near 280 K. In contrast, recently published measurements on Fe69Mn26Cr5 exibited two distinct changes of magnetic behavior below the transition temperature as predicted in the Heisenberg mean-field model. In view of these observations, we believe that these two materials represent the extreme cases of mean-field theory.
Indirect superhyperfine interaction in HoV O 4 (Gd)

Exceptionally large linewidths are observed in the EPR spectra of Gd impurities in the singlet ground-state system HoV${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$. A new indirect superhyperfine interaction between the ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{3+}$ electrons and the ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}$ nuclei through a highly polarizable ${\mathrm{Ho}}^{3+}$ electronic state is proposed to account for this behavior. The calculated linewidths are found to be in good agreement with the observations.
Laboratory detection of the negative molecular ion CCH

Aims. This paper reports the laboratory detection of the rotational spectrum of the acetylide anion, CCH - . Methods. Five successive rotational transitions have been measured to high accuracy in a dc discharge with a free space millimeter-wave spectrometer in the frequency range 83-417 GHz. Results. Precise spectroscopic constants have been obtained for CCH - and transition rest frequencies can now be calculated to better than 1 km s -1 in equivalent radial velocity far into the terahertz region, allowing for deep astronomical searches for this anion in space. The highly stable and fairly polar CCH- anion is a likely candidate for radio astronomical detection, its neutral analogue CCH being among one of the most abundant molecules in a wide variety of astrophysical sources.
Phototropins and Associated Signaling: Providing the Power of Movement in Higher Plants¶

Recent developments in phototropin biology have provided exciting new findings on the roles of these photoreceptor proteins in plants. Much of the recent work has focused on phototropin photochemistry and the structural alterations in both the chromophoric and peptide components of the molecule associated with light perception. In this review, specific aspects of phototropin action in higher plants will be discussed in the context of these new findings. Although, as their name suggests, phototropins play a key role in phototropic responses in plants, increasing evidence shows they have many other functions in plants. In this review, the roles of phototropins in additional plant "movement" responses will be addressed; in particular their roles in stomatal aperture control and chloroplast movements. In discussing these various movement responses special attention will be given to identified and hypothesized downstream signaling partners or events that enable the phototropins to selectively participate in any one or more of these responses in a given light condition.
Completely regular semigroups in the variety generated by the bicyclic semigroup

We shall show that a completely regular semigroup is in the semigroup variety generated by the bicyclic semigroup if and only if it is an orthogroup whose maximal subgroups are abelian. Therefore the lattice of subvarieties of the variety generated by the bicyclic semigroup contains as a sublattice a countably infinite distributive lattice of semigroup varieties, each of which consists of orthogroups with maximal subgroups that are torsion abelian groups. In particular, every band divides a power of the bicyclic semigroup.
The effects of improved auditory feedback on the verbalizations of an autistic child

Allowing autistic children to control the volume and direction of their auditory inputs apparently affects their language behavior. Further studies are needed, however, to determine the extent that use of devices such as the Phonic Ear will be of value in increasing vocalizations in these children.
Work as a disutility: Comment

Abstract In a recent article in this journal, Robert E. Lane (1992) examined the economist's notion of the “marginal disutility of labor.” Christian views of labor are one of several perspectives singled out for fostering the idea that labor is painful and that work entails a decrease in happiness. This article corrects Lane's misinterpretation of Christian teaching on work. Lane failed to distinguish between the concepts of creation, fall, and redemption, which drew him to the erroneous conclusion that the Bible pictures work as a source of unhappiness. By separating these concepts, we demonstrate the Bible's high view of work, and also refute Lane's claim that Christians after the reformation relied on guilt as a motivating force for labor.
A new species of Arceuthobium (Viscaceae) from central Mexico

Arceuthobium pendens, a parasite of the pinyonsPinus discolor andP. cembroides, is described from San Luis Potosi and Veracruz, Mexico. This andA. divaricatum Engelm. are the only dwarf mistletoes known to parasitize pinyons.Arceuthobium pendens is distinct fromA. divaricatum Engelm. in its long, slender, greenish shoots, formation of systemic witches brooms, and frequency on various species of pinyons. With the discovery of this new species, 19 dwarf mistletoes are known from Mexico.
Trends in Case Management Acuity Determination

The purpose of this article is to examine the concept of case management acuity in the private sector and health insurance industry. In the era of the Affordable Care Act, case management practices across many sectors in the health care system are in a state of flux. In order to understand the context of current practices, a brief review of the various dimensions and definitions related to case management is described. The concept of acuity will be defined and relevant trends in predictive modeling examined. The discussion section will integrate the findings from the literature as well as current and evolving practices in the health insurance sector.
Autumnal leaf senescence in Miscanthus × giganteus and leaf [N] differ by stand age

Poor first winter survival in Miscanthus × giganteus has been anecdotally attributed to incomplete first autumn senescence, but these assessments never paired first-year with older M. × giganteus in side-by-side trials to separate the effect of weather from stand age. Here CO2 assimilation rate (A), photosystem II efficiency (ΦPSII), and leaf N concentration ([N]) were used to directly compare senescence in first, second, and third-year stands of M. × giganteus. Three M. × giganteus fields were planted with eight plots, one field each in 2009, 2010, and 2011. To quantify autumnal leaf senescence of plants within each stand age, photosynthetic and leaf [N] measurements were made twice weekly from early September until a killing frost. Following chilling events (daily temperature averages below 10 °C), photosynthetic rates in first year plants rebounded to a greater degree than those in second- and third-year plants. By the end of the growing season, first-year M. × giganteus had A and ΦPSII rates up to 4 times greater than third-year M. × giganteus, while leaf [N] was up to 2.4 times greater. The increased photosynthetic capability and leaf N status in first-year M. × giganteus suggests that the photosynthetic apparatus was not dismantled before a killing frost, thus potentially limiting nutrient translocation, and may explain why young M. × giganteus stands do not survive winter when older stands do. Because previous senescence research has primarily focused on annual or woody species, our results suggest that M. × giganteus may be an interesting herbaceous perennial system to investigate the interactive effects of plant ageing and nutrient status on senescence and may highlight management strategies that could potentially increase winter survival rates in first-year stands.
Beyond Integration: Challenges For Children’s Mental Health

This paper reviews access, outcomes, and quality in the children’s mental health system. We contend that a major focal point of future reforms should be at the organization level of care delivery. We identify five areas for intentional policy action to better infuse quality into the system. We also call for building upon the momentum of recent high-visibility reform proposals and for renewed advocacy to advance quality-linked perspectives into the children’s mental health system beyond its focus on children with severe emotional disturbances.
Acquired synesthesia in retinitis pigmentosa

Patient PH developed retinitis pigmentosa in childhood and progressively lost his vision until he became completely blind at 40 years old. At age 42, he started experiencing vivid ‘synesthesia’; tactile stimuli on the hand evoked a vivid visual sensation of ‘movement’, ‘expansion’ or ‘jumping’. Intriguingly, the synesthesia was much more vivid when the hand was in front of the face rather than behind. The effect is unlikely to be confabulatory since touch thresholds (Semmes Monofilaments) were normal and identical for hand in front versus hand behind the head, while ‘thresholds’ for evoked visual sensations were significantly higher for the ‘behind’ condition. Also, the critical fusion frequency for the tactile sensation was much higher than the visually evoked ones. We propose three explanations. (i) ‘Remapping’ or ‘cross-talk’. As a result of de-afferentation, sensory input to the somatosensory pathways (e.g. insular cortex) also innervates extrastriate visual areas. (ii) When a person is touched, there may be spontaneously evoked tactile associative ‘memories’ that would not normally evoke actual visual qualia because of competing ‘spontaneous activity’ from the visual pathways. However, upon de-afferentation, the associations may be experienced as synesthesia. (iii) After de-afferentation, the ‘back projections’ to somatosensory areas from visual areas may be strengthened.
Are Hopfield Networks Faster than Conventional Computers

It is shown that conventional computers can be exponentially faster than planar Hopfield networks: although there are planar Hopfield networks that take exponential time to converge, a stable state of an arbitrary planar Hopfield network can be found by a conventional computer in polynomial time. The theory of PLS-completeness gives strong evidence that such a separation is unlikely for nonplanar Hopfield networks, and it is demonstrated that this is also the case for several restricted classes of nonplanar Hopfield networks, including those who interconnection graphs are the class of bipartite graphs, graphs of degree 3, the dual of the knight's graph, the 8-neighbor mesh, the hypercube, the butterfly, the cube-connected cycles, and the shuffle-exchange graph.
A dynamic system for object description and correspondence

A unified framework for object description and correspondence in range images is proposed. This is based on modeling the ambiguities with a dynamic system at every level of hierarchy. The critical issue in object description is boundary completion. The authors show how this step can be modeled as the interaction of long and short term variables operating on partial contours, represented by parametric splines. In a sense, this network operates on an evolutionary basis where boundary completion is modeled as a synergistic process, and mutation is modeled as differential decay. Once reliable surface features are extracted, the same framework, with appropriate constraints, can find the corresponding surfaces and compute the transformation. >
When is homology not homology

Although genes have specific phenotypic consequences in a given species, this functional relationship can clearly change during the course of evolution. Many cases of evolutionary dissociations between homologous genes and homologous morphological features are now known. These dissociations have interesting and important implications for understanding the genetic basis for evolutionary change in morphology.
Defects, fault coverage, yield and cost, in board manufacturing

An analysis of the main contributors to the quality and cost of complex board manufacturing is presented. Manufacturing data from three boards built at Hewlett-Packard and simulation models are used to derive the sensitivity of quality and cost versus Surface Mount Technology (SMT) solder defect rate component functional defect rate and test coverage. A new yield model which accounts for the clustering of solder defects is introduced and a first order estimation of the cost of implementing the IEEE 1149.1 standard on ASICs is given.
High-Performance Fortran and possible extensions to support conjugate gradient algorithms

Evaluates the High Performance Fortran (HPF) language for the compact expression and efficient implementation of conjugate-gradient iterative matrix-solvers on high-performance computing and communications (HPCC) platforms. We discuss the use of intrinsic functions, data distribution directives and explicitly parallel constructs to optimize performance by minimizing communications requirements in a portable manner. We focus on implementations using the existing HPF definitions but also discuss issues arising that may influence a revised definition for HPF-2. Some of the codes discussed are available on the World Wide Web at http://www.npac.syr.edu/hpfa/, along with other educational and discussion material related to applications in HPF.
Bipolar Cells Contribute to Nonlinear Spatial Summation in the Brisk-Transient (Y) Ganglion Cell in Mammalian Retina

The receptive field of the Y-ganglion cell comprises two excitatory mechanisms: one integrates linearly over a narrow field, and the other integrates nonlinearly over a wide field. The linear mechanism has been attributed to input from bipolar cells, and the nonlinear mechanism has been attributed to input from a class of amacrine cells whose nonlinear "subunits" extend across the linear receptive field and beyond. However, the central component of the nonlinear mechanism could in theory be driven by bipolar input if that input were rectified. Recording intracellularly from the Y-cell in guinea pig retina, we blocked the peripheral component of the nonlinear mechanism with tetrodotoxin and found the remaining nonlinear receptive field to be precisely co-spatial with the central component of the linear receptive field. Both linear and nonlinear mechanisms were caused by an excitatory postsynaptic potential that reversed near 0 mV. The nonlinear mechanism depended neither on acetylcholine nor on feedback involving GABA or glycine. Thus the central components of the ganglion cell's linear and nonlinear mechanisms are apparently driven by synapses from the same rectifying bipolar cell.
A γGT-AT1A receptor transgene protects renal cortical structure in AT1 receptor-deficient mice

To understand the physiological role of angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptors in the proximal tubule of the kidney, we generated a transgenic mouse line in which the major murine AT1 receptor isoform,...
Efficient time-aware prioritization with knapsack solvers

Regression testing is frequently performed in a time constrained environment. This paper explains how 0/1 knapsack solvers (e.g., greedy, dynamic programming, and the core algorithm) can identify a test suite reordering that rapidly covers the test requirements and always terminates within a specified testing time limit. We conducted experiments that reveal fundamental trade-offs in the (i) time and space costs that are associated with creating a reordered test suite and (ii) quality of the resulting prioritization. We find knapsack-based prioritizers that ignore the overlap in test case coverage incur a low time overhead and a moderate to high space overhead while creating prioritizations exhibiting a minor to modest decrease in effectiveness. We also find that the most sophisticated 0/1 knapsack solvers do not always identify the most effective prioritization, suggesting that overlap-aware prioritizers with a higher time overhead are useful in certain testing contexts.
Computing Accurate AVFs using ACE Analysis on Performance Models: A Rebuttal

ACE (architecturally correct execution) analysis computes AVFs (architectural vulnerability factors) of hardware structures. AVF expresses the fraction of radiation-induced transient faults that result in user-visible errors. Architects usually perform this analysis on a high-level performance model to quickly compute per-structure AVFs. If, however, low-level details of a microarchitecture are not modeled appropriately, then their effects may not be reflected in the per-structure AVFs. In this paper we refute Wang, et al.'s (2007) claim that this detail is difficult to model and imposes a practical threshold on ACE analysis that forces its estimates to have a high error margin. We show that carefully choosing a small amount of additional detail can result in a much tighter AVF bound than Wang, et al. were able to achieve in their refined ACE analysis. Even the inclusion of small details, such as read/write pointers and appropriate inter-structure dependencies, can increase the accuracy of the AVF computation by 40% or more. We argue that this is no different than modeling the IPC (instructions per cycle) of a microprocessor pipeline. A less detailed performance model will provide less accurate IPCs. AVFs are no different.
There is no mathematical validity for using fuzzy number crunching in the analytic hierarchy process

Fuzzy logic has difficulty producing valid answers in decision-making. Absent are theorems to prove that it works to produce results already known that are being estimated with judgments by transforming such judgments numerically. The numerical representation of judgments in the AHP is already fuzzy. Making fuzzy judgments more fuzzy does not lead to a better more valid outcome and it often leads to a worse one. The compatibility index of the AHP is used to illustrate how the answers obtained by fuzzifying AHP judgments do not produce better results than direct derivation of the principal eigenvector. Other authors who did experiments with given data in decision making quoted in the conclusions section of the paper, have observed that fuzzy sets gives the poorest answers among all methods used to derive best decisions.
The Challenges of Being a Rural Gay Man: Coping with Stigma by Deborah Bray Preston and Anthony R. D’Augelli

The aptly named book The Challenges of Being a Rural Gay Man: Coping with Stigma by Deborah Bray Preston and Anthony R. D’Augelli describes stigmatization of homosexuality in a rural context. By di...
Using neural net architectures in analog circuits

A method of using parallel analog building blocks with adjustable parameters was demonstrated to be able to achieve a wide array of analog circuit functionally with high accuracy. The method is generally useful when the penalty for needing to adapt the circuit to achieve performance is out weighted by the advantages in speed and power dissipation achievable by reducing the design constraints on the parallel building blocks which need not be very predictable.
50 GHz resonant tunneling diode relaxation oscillator

InAlAs/AlAs based RTDs with a peak current density over 500 kA/cm/sup 2/ have been designed and fabricated. Relaxation oscillator circuits for 20 and 50 GHz were designed using these 0.6 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ RTDs. They consist of an RTD and a 5 /spl Omega/ resistor placed in a coplanar waveguide (CPW). The measured spectrum of the 20 GHz and 50 GHz oscillators showed only odd harmonics. The measured results of the relaxation oscillators show that they have very low phase noise (low jitter), below -110 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset in locked-mode, and can easily be phase locked. RTD based relaxation oscillation can be readily used as clocks in high-speed signal processing applications.
The School Counseling Supervision Model: An Extension of the Discrimination Model

It is well documented that clinical supervision in school settings is underutilized. One hypothesis for this situation is the lack of fit between current supervision models that emphasize the supervision of individual counseling and the multiple roles of school counselors within comprehensive school counseling programs (CSCPs). The authors propose the School Counseling Supervision Model (SCSM) as an extension of J. M. Bernard's (1979, 1997) Discrimination Model. The SCSM uses a 3 (focus of supervision) × 3 (supervisor role) × 4 (CSCP domain) matrix. Examples are provided for potential supervision interventions using the SCSM. Implications for training, practice, and research are discussed.
Identifying Neurodevelopmental Stages of Memory from Childhood Through Adolescence with Cluster Analysis

Cluster analysis can be used to interpret large datasets, though there are numerous theoretical and methodological issues to consider first. This chapter walks the reader through a step-by-step example by interpreting a memory dataset to establish developmental patterns and relationships of memory in a sample of youth who completed a nationally representative memory battery. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the presence of verbal and nonverbal long-term, as well as short-term and working memory, factors in the sample. Special note is made of how the results of a cluster analysis were used to interpret the dataset and its strengths and limitations of findings. Results from the analyses identified three age stages (5–8, 9–11, 12–19 years) with distinct trajectories of memory development. Comparisons of the age groups on factors identified interaction effects between factors and developmental stages. Post hoc analyses further indicated that short-term, working, and long-term nonverbal memories develop in a linear fashion, while verbal memory is lower in younger children compared to the other factors and higher in the middle children. No differences among the factors were identified in the older group. These results provide additional insight concerning the development stages of memory and support evidence of differential trajectories among components and demonstrate to the reader an empirical way to use cluster analysis within a neuropsychological dataset.
Mechanisms of pressor response produced by stimulation of nucleus ambiguus.

We showed previously that activation of nucleus ambiguus (NA) induced bradycardia and increased arterial pressure. In this study, we compared responses produced by electrical and chemical (glutamate) stimulation of NA and adjacent rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Equivalent pressor responses were elicited from both areas. However: 1) The response from RVLM was elicited at a lower frequency. 2) Regional vascular resistance changes were different, i.e., electrical stimulation of NA increased vascular resistance in hindquarters much more than the renal and mesenteric beds. In contrast, electrical and chemical stimulation of RVLM produced a more prominent effect on the renal vascular bed. 3) Bradycardia was elicited from NA at lower current intensity. 4) Glutamate produced bradycardia only when injected into NA. Studies in rats with sinoaortic deafferentation showed that bradycardic response to activation of NA was only partly reflex in origin. We conclude that 1) NA and RVLM control sympathetic outflow to regional vascular beds differentially and 2) the NA region involves parasympathetic control of heart rate and sympathetic control of arterial pressure.
Large Cell carcinoma of the Lung and Bronchus

Large cell carcinomas are thought to be more aggressive forms of the other cell types of lung cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma, and therefore are thought to reflect the same causal experiences. This type of lung cancer is about twice as common in men as in women. Incidence is more common in San Francisco and much less common in Utah than in Los Angeles. Occurrence becomes more frequent in middle age, and although the malignancy occurs more often among African-American men, the rate among African-American women is similar to that among white women. There is no clear relationship with social class. Rates generally have decreased over the past several decades in men, but only in the past decade in women. Large cell carcinomas of the lung occur with the same trends, with the same demographic patterns, and in the same mix of neighborhoods that all lung cancers, especially squamous lung cancers, do. One therefore presumes that they have resulted from the same causes, the most important of which is cigarette smoking.
On the Mechanism of Ignition of Premixed CO-Air and Hydrocarbon-Air Flows by Nonequilibrium RF Plasma

The paper presents nonequilibrium RF plasma assisted combustion experiments in CO-air, ethylene-air, and methane-air flows using FTIR absorption spectroscopy and visible emission spectroscopy. Results of combustion completeness and emission spectroscopy measurements suggest that 0 and H atoms, as well as OH radicals are among key species participating in plasma chemical fuel oxidation reactions. The results show the highest fuel oxidation efficiency in lean air-fuel mixtures, as well as significant fuel conversion at the conditions when there is no flame in the test section. In the latter case, fuel species oxidation occurs in plasma chemical reactions, which are not related to combustion. Since the net he1 oxidation process is exothermic, heat release during these reactions may result in achieving thermal1 ignition and flameholding in the plasn~a. To obtain further insight into the mechanism of plasma assisted ignition, future research effort should be focused on 0 and H atom, as well als OH radical concentration measurements, especially in lean air-fuel flows before thermal ignition occurs. Experiments in higher power RF discharges (500 W) showed that nonequilibrium plasma ignition occurs at flow velocities up to at least u=60 mlsec, at flow residence times exceeding -1 msec.
Emergence of a Large-Plaque Variant in Mice Infected with Coxsackievirus B3

ABSTRACT Coxsackieviruses are enteric viruses that frequently infect humans. To examine coxsackievirus pathogenesis, we orally inoculated mice with the coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) Nancy strain. Using HeLa cell plaque assays with agar overlays, we noticed that some fecal viruses generated plaques >100 times as large as inoculum viruses. These large-plaque variants emerged following viral replication in several different tissues. We identified a single amino acid change, N63Y, in the VP3 capsid protein that was sufficient to confer the large-plaque phenotype. Wild-type CVB3 and N63Y mutant CVB3 had similar plaque sizes when agarose was used in the overlay instead of agar. We determined that sulfated glycans in agar inhibited plaque formation by wild-type CVB3 but not by N63Y mutant CVB3. Furthermore, N63Y mutant CVB3 bound heparin, a sulfated glycan, less efficiently than wild-type CVB3 did. While N63Y mutant CVB3 had a growth defect in cultured cells and reduced attachment, it had enhanced replication and pathogenesis in mice. Infection with N63Y mutant CVB3 induced more severe hepatic damage than infection with wild-type CVB3, likely because N63Y mutant CVB3 disseminates more efficiently to the liver. Our data reinforce the idea that culture-adapted laboratory virus strains can have reduced fitness in vivo . N63Y mutant CVB3 may be useful as a platform to understand viral adaptation and pathogenesis in animal studies. IMPORTANCE Coxsackieviruses frequently infect humans, and although many infections are mild or asymptomatic, there can be severe outcomes, including heart inflammation. Most studies with coxsackieviruses and other viruses use laboratory-adapted viral strains because of their efficient replication in cell culture. We used a cell culture-adapted strain of CVB3, Nancy, to examine viral replication and pathogenesis in orally inoculated mice. We found that mice shed viruses distinct from input viruses because they formed extremely large plaques in cell culture. We identified a single mutation, VP3 N63Y, that was sufficient for large-plaque formation. N63Y mutant viruses have reduced glycan binding and replication in cell culture; however, they have enhanced replication and virulence in mice. We are now using N63Y mutant CVB3 as an improved system for viral pathogenesis studies.
Rock physics, trend curves and flat-spots

Seismic amplitudes and AVO have been used successfully in exploration worldwide. We present a general geologically-based methodology to characterize the expected amplitude and AVO behaviours of reservoirs and seal facies in a basin. We produce a rock physics model based on well data and consistent with the geological model for the basin. The result is summarized in a series of depth trend curves for rock properties and anticipated seismic responses, illustrated here with data from the West of Shetlands, UK, to predict amplitude and AVO responses throughout the basin. A by-product of the technique is the verification of the validity of the amplitude changes and flat-spots which can result from physical property changes across fluid interfaces. For example, seismic flat-spots cross-cutting dipping stratigraphy are commonly observed within the Triassic Mungaroo Formation of the Exmouth Plateau area of the North Carnarvon Basin. We show techniques for quantifying the consistency of flat-spots in 3D, assessing amplitude conformance with structure in map view and automatically determining fluid contact levels.
Inspiraton,Maintenance and Control of Students'Emotion in Physical Education Teaching

In order to rprobe into the emotion in the effect of Physical Education,Documentation reseading method a is adopted Thes essay discusses how teachers adjust the students'emotional changes during the learning in Physical Education teaching according to the psychological feature of emotion,which has deen shown Based on the rules of emotional changes in the teaching,some effective teaching measures of strategy are raised so as to inspire,maintain,control adn convert students'emotion of learning.So students can satisfactorily fulfill their teaching assignment of Physicall Education in the state of enjoyment
Current Management of Iatrogenic Splenic Injuries in Children

AbstractRecent clinical observations indicate that children who have undergone splenectomy for trauma have a significantly increased incidence (about 2 per cent) of subsequent fatal sepsis, particularly with pneumococcus organisms. Some protection against fatal sepsis may be afforded by immunization with the newly developed pneumococcal vaccine in children more than 2 years old or by the use of prophylactic penicillin. However, splenectomy should be avoided whenever possible.The vast majority of iatrogenic splenic injuries that occur during renal operations in children are usually minor capsular lacerations that can be managed conservatively, using suturing techniques and drainage, and do not require splenectomy.
Spatial modulation spectroscopy imaging of nano-objects of different sizes and shapes

Spatial modulation spectroscopy (SMS) is a powerful method for interrogating single nanoparticles. In these experiments optical extinction is measured by moving the particle in and out of a tightly focused laser beam. SMS is typically used for particles that are much smaller than the laser spot size. In this paper, we extend the analysis of the SMS signal to particles with sizes comparable to or larger than the laser spot, where the shape of the particle matters. These results are important for the analysis of polydisperse samples that have a wide range of sizes. The presented example images and analysis of a carbon microparticle sample show the utility of the derived expressions. In particular, we show that SMS can be used to generate extinction cross-section information about micrometer-sized particles with complex shapes.
Special considerations for the management of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome

Introduction: Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge with significant mortality and morbidity. There are limited data to guide identific...
E Coli Hemorrhagic Colitis and Neurologic Symptoms

The neurological manifestations of hemorrhagic colitis in seven kindergarten children with Escherichia coli 0157:H7 infection are reported from the Saitama Children’s Medical Center, Saitama, Japan.
Implementing a Structured Reporting Initiative Using a Collaborative Multistep Approach

Abstract Purpose To describe the successful implementation of a structured reporting initiative in a large urban academic radiology department. Methods We describe our process, compromises, and top 10 lessons learned in overhauling traditional reporting practices and comprehensively implementing structured reporting at our institution. To achieve our goals, we took deliberate steps toward consensus building, undertook multistep template refinement, and achieved close collaboration with the technical staff, department coders, and hospital information technologists. Following institutional review board exemption, we audited radiologist compliance by evaluating 100 consecutive cases of 12 common examination types. Fisher exact test was applied to determine significance of association between trainee initial report drafting and template compliance. Results We produced and implemented structured reporting templates for 95% of all departmental computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound examinations. Structured templates include specialized reports adhering to the American College of Radiologyʼs Reporting and Data Systems (ACRʼs RADS) recommendations (eg, Lung-RADS and Li-RADS). We attained 94% radiologist compliance within 2 years, without any financial incentives. Conclusions We provide a blueprint of how to successfully achieve structured reporting using a collaborative multistep approach.