cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lithium-intercalated graphite: Self-consistent electronic structure for stages one, two, and three

First-principles electronic structure calculations were carried out for Li${\mathrm{C}}_{6}$, Li${\mathrm{C}}_{12}$, and Li${\mathrm{C}}_{18}$ representing first-, second-, and third-stage model graphite intercalation compounds. By comparing the charge density of these compounds to that of reference graphite compounds, we could define a "total difference density" in order to quantify charge transfer and polarization in these materials. The total difference density is found to be highly concentrated near the intercalant ions. However, the conduction electrons (those in partially occupied bands) are found to have the distribution of virtually undistorted $\ensuremath{\pi}$ wave functions and have a much more delocalized distribution than that of the total difference density. These two types of charge distributions account for many of the unusual electronic properties of graphite intercalation compounds.
Phase equilibria in the systems BeF2CeF3, LiFCeF3 and LiFBeF2CeF3

Abstract A tentative phase diagram for the system BeF 2 CeF 3 is presented that shows it to be a simple eutectic system with a eutectic composition containing 4 ± 1 mole % CeF 3 which melts at 540±3°C. Additional thermal analysis and visual observation data are reported to support a phase diagram of the system LiFCeF 3 that has been in the literature. The ternary system LiFBeF 2 CeF 3 is dominated by the CeF 3 primary phase field. Three ternary invariant points are all estimated to contain approximately 0·1 mole % CeF 3 . They have melting points about 0·5°C lower than the corresponding LiFBeF 2 invariant points.
Translation, History, Narrative

Every stage in the production, circulation and reception of a translation is profoundly marked by its historical moment, tracing a history that is distinct from the history of the foreign text. The historical nature of translation is apparent in the succession of varying methods that define it within a single culture, not only standards of accuracy, but the interpretation of the conceptual categories on which that standard is based, not only discursive strategies and the very linguistic texture of translations, but the conceptual discourses that translators inscribe in foreign texts as interpretations. Translation traditions can be sketched in which specific practices are repeatedly performed for decades, centuries, even millennia. The relations between translation universals and norms are subject to historical variation. A history of translation, like any history, endows translation practices with significance through a narrative form or mixture of forms, depending on the factors that the historian selects to describe the chronological succession of practices.
Analyzing an agribusiness statement of cash flows

Recently, the Farm Financial Standards Task Force (FFSTF) released its recommendations regarding preferable external financial reporting practices for agricultural entities. The FFSTF recommended that farm financial statements should basically follow the format of financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Specifically, with respect to the preparation of a statement of cash flows, the FFSTF recommended that the framework established by Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) NO. 95 should be adhered to by agricultural entities. This article explains and discusses the requirements of SFAS No. 95 as it pertains to agricultural entities and provides a framework for analyzing a typical agribusiness SCF.
Influence of serum level, cell line, flow type and viscosity on flow-induced lysis of suspended mammalian cells

An investigation was conducted of the parametric dependence of cell lysis observed when mammalian cells growing in suspension are subjected intermittently to intense hydrodynamic forces. Two flow devices were tested: one consisting of a sudden contraction into a short length of capillary tubing, in which turbulent flow is obtained, and another consisting of a smoothly converging and diverging tube, in which laminar flow is obtained. Changes in the cell line and the serum level in which the cells were grown and subjected to flow trauma both affected the specific lysis rate (fraction of cells lysed per pass through the flow device) in the turbulent flow device. The threshold value of the average wall shear stress level was approximately the same in the turbulent and laminar flow devices (1500–1800 dyn/cm2). Increasing the viscosity of the medium with 70,000 MW dextran had no effect on the specific lysis rate in either flow device.
Analysis of soluble CD14 and its use as a biomarker in neonatal foals with septicemia and horses with recurrent airway obstruction

Soluble CD14 (sCD14) binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and acts as an anti-inflammatory LPS-inhibitor in vivo. In humans, sCD14 is one of the soluble biomarkers used for various inflammatory diseases and conditions, however, sCD14 assays have not yet been evaluated in horses. Here, we developed and optimized a bead-based assay for the quantification of sCD14 in horses. The assay was then used to determine native sCD14 concentrations in serum from healthy and septic foals, in the colostrum of healthy mares and in plasma from adult horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and control horses. Healthy foals and adult horses had sCD14 concentrations in serum or plasma in the high ng/ml range. The concentration of sCD14 in colostrum samples from healthy mares was in the μg/ml range. Foals with septicemia and adult horses with RAO had significantly higher sCD14 concentrations in their circulation than the respective control groups. The findings suggest that sCD14 can become a valuable biomarker for neonatal septicemia, RAO and possibly also for other inflammatory diseases in horses. Further studies and larger samples numbers are required to determine normal sCD14 concentration ranges and those that are indicative of disease progression, severity or prognosis.
Multiplicative designs I: The normal and reducible cases

Abstract Multiplicative designs, square designs with a rank one intersection pattern, are investigated. In particular we determine all designs for which some incidence matrix is reducible and we show if some incidence matrix is normal the design must be uniform with three families of exceptions. Some new designs are constructed.
The Spectrophotometric Determination of Sterols in Wool Fat

Irregularities encountered in the application of the Liebermann-Burchard reaction to the determination of cholesterol, isocholesterol and their esters in wool fat unsaponifiables and wool fat have been investigated. Times and temperatures of color formation have been found critical in the determination of absorptivities and their analytical application. A satisfactory analytical procedure has been developed.
A Simple Linear Technique for Measuring the Spectral Phase of Complicated Pulses with High Resolution

We present a simplified, alignment-free spectral interferometer using optical fibers. Using spatial fringes the spectral resolution is improved and time-domain filtering is unnecessary. To demonstrate this technique, we measure temporal chirp and a 14-ps double-pulse.
A typology of elderly migration based on the decision making process.

Current understanding of migration by the elderly is limited by an inadequate theoretical framework. Explanations of migration in the general population are inappropriate in that they emphasize employment motivations for long distance moves and status, family life cycle, and life-style motivations at the local level. In the few existing statements about elderly migration older migrants are treated as a homogeneous group, a viewpoint contradicted by recent findings. This paper develops a conceptual framework of elderly migration from a decision making perspective. A typology is proposed which identifies subgroups of elderly migrants who are hypothesized to share similar migration motivations, socioeconomic and household characteristics, search patterns, and housing outcomes. The typology identifies areas of needed research and provides a framework for integrating the presently disparate empirical evidence.
The obesity epidemic

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, with 35.1% of adults being classified as obese. Obesity affects every segment of the US population and continues to increase steadily, especially in children. Obesity increases the risk for many other chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and decreases overall quality of life. The current US generation may have a shorter life expectancy than their parents if the obesity epidemic is not controlled, and there is no indication that the prevalence of obesity is decreasing. Because of the complexity of obesity, it is likely to be one of the most difficult public health issues our society has faced.
Determination of lipid conjugated dienes with tetracyano-ethylene-14C: Significance for study of the pathology of lipid peroxidation

A method for quantitative analysis of conjugated diene unsaturation has been developed utilizing tetracyanoethylene-14C (TCNE-14C) in a Diels-Alder condensation. The amount of C14 found in the Diels-Alder adduct has been shown to be a measure of conjugated diene content. The method has proven successful in analysis of a variety of triglycerides, phospholipids, and peroxidized tissue lipids. In the course of this work, a method for removing the fatty acid substituents from phospholipids using lithium aluminum hydride was developed. TCNE-14C analysis for conjugated dienes in rat liver microsomal lipids after dosing with CCl4 or BrCCl3 has provided conclusive evidence that the increase in ultraviolet absorption at 233 nm of these lipids is due to conjugated dienes.
Demonstration of reconfigurable directed logic in silicon photonic integrated circuits

We show a scalable and reconfigurable optical logic architecture based on a regular array of integrated optical switches. We present a proof-of-principle demonstration with a 2 ×2 switch array that can perform arbitrary two-input logic functions.
Effect of Age and End Point on the Prognostic Value of the Exercise Test

Background The clinical and exercise test variables chosen for predicting prognosis vary in the available studies. This could be due to the effect of age of the patients tested and the choice of outcomes used as end points in these follow-up studies. Objective To evaluate the effect of age and end points on exercise test variables chosen as significantly and independently associated with time to death. Methods Analyses were performed on the first treadmill test performed on consecutive male veterans at the Palo Alto and Long Beach Veterans Affairs Medical Centers since 1987. After removal of patients with congestive heart failure, coronary interventions, left bundle-branch block, atrial fibrillation, myocardial infarction and/or Q wave, and digoxin use, 3,745 male subjects remained. The outcomes were cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The study population was divided into subsets according to age; exercise test and clinical variables were analyzed within the age subsets using the Cox hazard model. Results The mean age at the time of testing was 57 ± 12 years (± SD) and they were followed up for a mean of 6.6 years. There were 544 all-cause deaths, with 206 of the deaths being due to cardiovascular causes (38%). When the study group was classified into subsets based on age, exercise capacity (in metabolic equivalents [METs]) was chosen by the Cox hazard model most consistently in the age groups using either end point. Even when age was added to the Duke treadmill score, prediction of death did not improve in those > 70 years of age because of the nonlinear relationship between age, the exercise test variables, and time to death. The most important age cut points for clinically important differences in exercise test predictors appeared to be 70 years and 75 years of age. In the patients 70 to 75 years of age, peak METs was the only variable predictive of all-cause mortality, and exercise-induced ST-segment depression was the only predictor of cardiovascular death; in the patients > 75 years of age, none of the exercise test responses were predictive of either death outcome. Conclusion Both age and the outcome selected as an end point affect the exercise test responses chosen for scores to predict prognosis. Differences in age of the subjects tested and/or the outcome selected as the end point can explain the differences in the studies using exercise testing to predict prognosis.
An insight into the sialotranscriptome of the non-blood feeding Toxorhynchites amboinensis mosquito

All adult mosquitoes take sugar meals, and most adult females also take blood meals to develop eggs. Salivary glands (SG) of males are thus much smaller and do not contain many of the antihemostatic and antiinflammatory compounds found in females. In the past 5 years, transcriptome analyses have identified nearly 70 different genes expressed in adult female SG. For most of these, no function can be assigned in either blood or sugar feeding. Exceptionally, Toxorhynchites mosquitoes are unusual in that they never feed on blood, and the SG of adults are identical in both sexes. Transcriptome analysis of the adult SG of this mosquito was performed to increase knowledge of the evolution of blood feeding—and to identify polypeptide families associated with sugar feeding—in mosquitoes.
Bimetallic Pt-Metal catalysts for the decomposition of methanol: Effect of secondary metal on the oxidation state, activity, and selectivity of Pt

We present here a study of methanol (MeOH) decomposition over a series of bimetallic Pt-M catalysts, with M = Au, Pd, Ru, Fe. All samples have the same initial size distribution (� 3 nm nanoparticle height), support (ZrO2), and preparation conditions. Therefore, differences in the electronic and catalytic properties of the samples tested are related directly to the addition of the secondary metals (M). We find that the oxidation state as well as the activity of Pt is heavily influenced by the addition of the secondary metal. PtO is found to be highly stable in these systems and increasing concentrations of metallic Pt are associated with the surface segregation of metal M due to its affinity for the oxygen present during air annealing.
SECOND PRIMARY MALIGNANT DISEASE (SPMD) IN CHILDREN DURING REMISSION OF ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL)

SECOND PRIMARY MALIGNANT DISEASE (SPMD) IN CHILDREN DURING REMISSION OF ACUTE LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL)
The grapevine context processor: application support for efficient context sharing

Today's ubiquitous wireless networks enable easy access to information on the web. However, when applications need access to highly transient and hyper-localized information, web access is not as efficient as sharing directly with co-located devices. This context information can be easily collected by commodity mobile devices and shared via device-to-device interactions. Open challenges remain in making this exchange as efficient and effective as possible. In this paper, we propose the Grapevine Context Processor (GCP), which provides a framework and a set of APIs for representing and sharing context information. GCP is built on the Grapevine context sharing framework, which is underpinned by a suite of novel space-efficient context representing data structures. GCP, as a context processing framework, enables application developers to easily specify context types of interest and provide relevant semantic filters for those types; we design a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) that allow easy access to and control over the data structures.
Long-term outcome of quetiapine use for psychosis among Parkinsonian patients.

To evaluate the long-term efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine for psychosis among parkinsonian patients, a retrospective analysis of all parkinsonian patients taking quetiapine for psychosis in a single movement disorders center was carried out. Demographic data, including type and severity of psychosis, presence of dementia, treatment response, before and after Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-motor scores and Hoehn and Yahr (HY 95% CI = 1.4-92.9). Also, patients who developed motor worsening while on quetiapine tended to be more demented (P = 0.07).
Beach topography and beach cusps

The development of beach cusps was studied along the northern shore of Delaware from June 9 through June 30, and from July 28 through August 10 of 1976. At the study site, the formation of beach cusps was dependent upon the existence of a tidal berm in the developing stage and of a favorable backshore topography. Beach cusps developed as follows: after an erosional event on a sandy beach, a berm developed at low tide. The swash extended over the berm and ponded between the berm and the backshore. The stream flow from the ponded water to the sea cut closely spaced channels through the berm. As the tide rose, the berm and channels migrated landward. When the tide fell, the swash could no longer overtop the berm, and no water was ponded landward of the berm. Since no water was returning seaward through the channels, the channel form could not be maintained, and the swash flared the channels into bays. A series of beach cusps appeared on the beach as the tide continued to fall. The spacing between cusps was irregular and was attributed to the irregular size of swash salients. At high tide, the horizontal distance from the berm crest to the backshore (L) was less than 12 m. At high tide where L was greater than 12 m, no beach cusps formed. Although a tidal berm developed, there was no effective bachwash to cut through the berm. As the new tidal berm developed and as the swash overtopped the berm crest, the swash continued landward and during a short period of time flooded a portion of the backshore. No cusps were observed to develop after a tidal berm had been constructed; berms and cusps developed together.
Genome-specific primer sets for starch biosynthesis genes in wheat

Common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.,2n=6x=42) is an allohexaploid composed of three closely related genomes, designated A, B, and D. Genetic analysis in wheat is complicated, as most genes are present in triplicated sets located in the same chromosomal regions of homoeologous chromosomes. The goal of this report was to use genomic information gathered from wheat-rice sequence comparison to develop genome-specific primer sets for five genes involved in starch biosynthesis. Intron locations in wheat were inferred through the alignment of wheat cDNA sequences with rice genomic sequence.Exon-anchored primers, which amplify across introns,allowed the sequencing of introns from the three genomes for each gene. Sequence variation within introns among the three wheat genomes provided the basis for genome-specific primer design. For three genes, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (Agp-L), sucrose transporter (SUT),and waxy (Wx), genome-specific primer sets were developed for all three genomes. Genome-specific primers were developed for two of the three genomes for Agp-S and starch synthase I (Ssl). Thus, 13 of 15 possible genome-specific primer sets were developed using this strategy. Seven genome-specific primer combinations were used to amplify alleles in hexaploid wheat lines for sequence comparison. Three single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) were identified in a comparison of 5,093 bp among a minimum of ten wheat accessions. Two of theseSNPs could be converted into cleaved amplified polymorphism sequence (CAPS) markers. Our results indicated that the design of genome-specific primer sets using intron-based sequence differences has a high probability of success, while the identification of polymorphism among alleles within a genome may be a challenge.
Simulation of flow and transport in a single fracture: Macroscopic effects of underestimating local head loss

Fluid flow in a single fracture is commonly simulated using the Reynolds equation. Recent work suggests that this depth-averaged approach underestimates head loss in regions of changing aperture. Implementing an ad hoc correction in the numerical formulation of the Reynolds equation allows us to modify local head loss, and calibrate simulation results to existing experimental data. Calibrated flow fields provide an improved estimate of longitudinal dispersivity, demonstrating the importance of adequately describing local head loss.
eAGROBOT - A robot for early crop disease detection using image processing

Management of crops from early stage to mature harvest stage involves identification and monitoring of plant diseases, nutrient deficiency, controlled irrigation and controlled use of fertilizers and pesticides. Although the number of remote sensing solutions is increasing, the availability and ground visibility during critical growth stages of crops continue to be major concerns. eAGROBOT (a prototype) is a ground based agricultural robot that overcomes challenges existing in large and complex satellite based solutions and helpdesk form of solutions available as m-Services. It provides a small, portable and reliable platform to automatically survey farmland, detect diseases as well as spray the pesticide. In future, the farmer can obtain a consolidated view of the farm along with decision support statistics for planning purposes. The development of eAGROBOT, real time testing results obtained from cotton and groundnut plantations and future focus has been detailed in this paper.
Mapping Spatially Resolved Charge Collection Probability within P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaics

Material properties in polymer and fullerene bulk heterojunctions (BHJs) such as donor to acceptor volume fraction, morphology, and molecular orientation critically influence light absorption, exciton dissociation, charge transport, and recombination, all of which are crucial device properties in organic photovoltaics (OPV). Spatial variation of BHJ properties normal to the substrate, caused by phase segregation, can thereby create corresponding spatial variations in the OPVs optoelectronic properties. Here, normally incident and wave-guided optical modes are used to selectively excite localized regions within an inverted poly(3-hexythiophene-2,5-diyl) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester BHJ OPV and corresponding internal quantum efficiencies are measured to study the spatial-dependent charge carrier collection probability within the BHJ. An electron-limited charge collection profile is observed for a thick (920 nm) BHJ due to fullerene-poor regions as a result of phase segregation. As the thickness of the BHJ is reduced (100 nm), charge transport is seen to be unaffected by the phase segregation. This has the potential to be a versatile non-destructive characterization technique for measuring the spatially varying charge collection probability in thin film photovoltaics and will help enable optimum device design and characterization.
Global warming vs. climate change, taxes vs. prices: Does word choice matter?

Does "climate change" seem like a less serious problem than "global warming" to Americans and Europeans? Does describing the costs of climate change mitigation in terms of "higher taxes" instead of "higher prices" reduce public support for such efforts? In an experiment embedded in an American national survey, respondents were randomly assigned to rate the seriousness of "global warming," "climate change," or "global climate change." Contrary to predictions made by a leading political strategist, the full sample and political Independents perceived "climate change" and "global warming" to be equally serious. Among Republicans, "climate change" was perceived to be more serious than "global warming," whereas the reverse was true among Democrats. A similar experiment embedded in a sur- vey of residents of 31 European countries showed that "global warming" and "climate change" were perceived to be equally serious problems. And an experiment embedded in an American survey showed that describing the increased costs of climate change mitigation legislation via "higher taxes" instead of via "higher prices" did not reduce popular support for such legislation, also contradicting a political strategy memo. Thus, word choice may sometimes affect public perceptions of the climate change seriousness or support for mitigation policies, but a single choice of terminology may not influence all people the same way, making strategic language choices difficult to implement.
Handling the migration to lead free

Pending legislation and market differentiation are both at least partly responsible for the electronic industry's switch to lead-free technologies. The debate will continue over whether lead in electronics should be banned as it represents a small amount of the material that is used for consumer products. Expecting the switch to lead free to be inevitable, this paper examines the technical issues facing manufacturers and suggests steps to get ready for the change.
Inhibition of peptidyl-sRNA binding to ribosomes by pactamycin.

In recent years several antibiotic inhibitors of aminoacyl-sRNA binding to bacterial ribosomes have been described (Suarez and Nathans, 1965; Hierowski, 1965; Chang, Sih and Weisblum, 1966; Pestka & al. , 1965; Kaji and Kaji, 1965; Ennis, 1966; Yamaguchi and Tanaka, 1967; Vazquez and Monro, 1967). Of these, only chlortetracycline (CTC) has been tested for its effect on the specific binding of peptidyl-sRNA to ribosomes (Rychlik, 1966; Goldberg and Mitsugi, 1967; Gottesman, personal communication, 1967). When ribosomes are in excess, poly A-dependent binding of polylysyl-sRNA to ribosomes is not affected by levels of CTC (lo* M) that maximally inhibit both binding of lysyl-sRNA to ribosomes and polypeptide formation. Under these conditions polylysyl-sRNA is presumed to bind directly to the donor site on the ribosome and can interact with puromycin in the absence of added soluble factors (Rychlik, 1966; Goldberg and Mitsugi, 1967; Gottesman, personal communication, 1967). It would be of considerable interest to have an agent that inhibits the binding of peptidyl-sRNA to the ribosome and thus interferes with initiation of polypeptide synthesis. We now report on the antibiotic pactamycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis (Colono Bhuyan, 1967), which interferes with the specific binding of (14C) polylysylsRNA to E. coli ribosomes at concentrations that inhibit polylysine synthesis. -
Knowledge ties among subsidiaries in MNCs: A multi-level conceptual model

Abstract While ties among subsidiaries—the key players of a MNC network—are a prerequisite for the formation of the network and the flow of knowledge within the organization, we know little about factors influencing the formation of such ties. By building on the literature on inter-firm networks and knowledge-based view of the firm, we develop a multi-level model consisting of subsidiary characteristics, dyadic dynamics, and salient contextual factors to explain the inter-subsidiary collaboration for knowledge development and exchange. We bring to the fore the importance of examining multiple dimensions in understanding what predicts tie formation and the efficacy of these ties in creating a knowledge advantage. This paper advances the notion of subsidiary knowledge networking capability—the ability to form, manage, and leverage a network for gaining and sharing knowledge—and suggests that such capability is critical for subsidiaries and by extension the MNC, to achieve a competitive advantage.
The (affective) dispositional approach to job satisfaction: sorting out the policy implications

Summary The dispositional approach to job attitudes has played an important role in refocusing attention in organizational behavior on person factors, in addition to situational factors, as determinants of job attitudes and behaviors. I focus on what have been suggested as policy implications of research on dispositions, in particular, research on affective dispositions. My reading of the evidence suggests that affective dispositional factors may be useful in employee selection, and I identify questions that need to be resolved for this case to be stronger. On the other hand, I find little in the way of logic or evidence to support the claim that dispositions constrain the success of situational interventions designed to improve employee attitudes (or behaviors). Consistent with recent developments in the personality literature and with arguments made by Gerhart and Davis-Blake and Pfeffer in the organizational behavior literature, I show that within-person consistency in attitudes and behaviors can coexist with mean level changes in attitudes and behaviors induced by situational changes in the workplace. Copyright # 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interdisciplinary In‐service at the University: a participatory case‐based model for professional development

Abstract The Participatory Case‐Based Model for Professional Development is an in‐service model which is useful across the human service disciplines (social work, occupational therapy, public health, special education, early childhood and family education). In the model, participants enrolled in a graduate course engage in dialogue and perspective‐taking, through case analysis and case writing. Using grounded theory and inductive data analyses, the major effects of this professional development model were studied. These effects included: (1) gaining new knowledge; (2) ‘really seeing’ from multiple perspectives; and (3) developing a sense of support, renewal and networking across various professions. Connections to the selected professional development literature —; problem‐based learning, case process and effects, and the practical argument model — offered affirmations and challenges to the Participatory Case‐Based Model for Professional Development
Seesaw Relay Logic and Memory Circuits

Various logic functions can be implemented by appropriately biasing a single seesaw relay. The seesaw relay can also be configured as a bistable latch so that a memory cell can be implemented with one relay and one access transistor. Measurements of seesaw relay switching speed are well matched to lumped-parameter modeling results.
Taxometric analysis of the psychological inventory of criminal thinking styles in incarcerated offenders and college students

The Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) was administered to 427 (204 male and 223 female) incarcerated offenders and 393 (177 male and 216 female) college students in order to assess the latent structure of the PICTS under conditions conducive to the formation of a pseudotaxon. Objective and subjective analyses of 3 different taxometric procedures—mean above minus below a cut (MAMBAC), maximum covariance/maximum eigenvalue (MAXCOV/ MAXEIG), and latent mode (L-Mode) factor analysis—in the total sample and 4 subgroups of participants were conducted. Results revealed modest to moderate support for a dimensional interpretation of the latent structure of the PICTS, despite wide differences in age, race, criminality, and PICTS scores between the groups in each subsample. The implications of these results for the lifestyle theory of criminal behavior are discussed.
Screening Obese Children and Adolescents for Prediabetes and/or Type 2 Diabetes in Pediatric Practices A Validation Study

Background. Increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) makes it important for pediatricians to use effective screening tools for risk assessment of prediabetes/T2DM in children. Methods. Children (n = 149) who had an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were studied. American Diabetes Association recommended screening criteria—HbA1c ≥5.7% and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥100 mg/dL—were compared against OGTT. The homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a mathematical index derived from fasting insulin and glucose, was compared with OGTT. We studied whether combining screening tests (HbA1c and fasting glucose or HbA1c and HOMA-IR) improved accuracy of prediction of the OGTT. Results. HbA1c of ≥5.7% had a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 57% when compared with the OGTT. Combining screening tests (HbA1c ≥5.7% and FPG ≥100 mg/dL; HbA1c ≥5.7% and HOMA-IR ≥3.4) resulted in improved sensitivity (95.5% for each), with the HbA1c-FPG doing better...
The electronic clipboard: an automated system for accurately recording events during a cardiac arrest.

An electronic clipboard has been developed which is simple to use and allows for the accurate timing and recording of events during a cardiac arrest. A flowsheet made of translucent 8½″ by 11″ paper is clipped to a plastic board. Along the left margin of the flowsheet is a list of common events and therapies which should be recorded during a cardiac arrest (ie, cardiac rhythm, defibrillation, intubation, intravenous (IV) therapy, medications, etc). Across the page next to each category are columns of boxes, illuminated from below automatically by bars of light from the clipboard at one-minute intervals. Comparison of the events recorded during the first 20 minutes of cardiac resuscitation in an emergency department in 18 patients using the electronic clipboard method versus 18 randomly selected, matched patients with conventional recording methods demonstrated the superiority of the newer technique. More total events were recorded with the electronic clipboard( P
Scattering From A Skewed Random Surface

The skewness in surface elevation is a nonlinear effect which is of a lower order than the skewness in surface slope. This effect has not been considered in the development of surface scattering theories. By imrperating it into a standard Kirchhoff surface scattenng model it is shown that additional terms are generated which can account for the difference in the backscattering coefficient due to a change in the sense of the direction of observation. For the sea surface this offers an explanation for the difference between the upwind and downwind observations. In general, major changes in the backscattering coefficient due to a change in direction appears through the directional surface spectrum while a change in the sense of the direction is reflected through the skewness function of the surface.
ASYMMETRY IN PERCEPTION OF THE SIDES OF THE HUMAN FACE

The objective of this research was to determine if systematic differences occur in the way people ascribe meaning to right and left sides of the human face. Twenty-two faces, bilaterally symmetrical, were constructed from 11 photographs. These left- and right-constructed faces were rated 1 wk. apart by 26 raters on nine bipolar adjective scales selected for the evaluative, potency, and activity dimensions of the semantic differential (Osgood, 1961). Multivariate F tests indicated that on seven of the nine bipolar scales the left- and right-sided faces received significantly different ratings. Left facial constructions were rated as healthier, stronger, harder, more active, more excitable, and in the direction of bad on the good-bad scale. Right facial constructions were rated more sickly, weaker, more feminine, softer, more passive, calmer, and in the good direction on the good-bad scale.
The Efficiency of Frisks in the NYPD, 2004–2010

New York Police Department (NYPD) stop and frisk policy has come under increasing scrutiny in recent years and has been analyzed exclusively in terms of its equity and effectiveness. This study add...
Randomized trial of conventional versus high fractional dose radiation therapy in the treatment of advanced head and neck cancer

Abstract A prospectively randomized clinical trial was undertaken to compare conventionally fractionated radiation therapy and high fractional dose irradiation in the treatment of advanced, surgically unresectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sixty-four patients were entered into the study between 1973 and 1979 and were randomized to receive either 200 rad daily to total tumor doses of 6000–7000 rad in 6–7 weeks, or 400 rad daily to a total of approximately 4400 rad in 2–3 weeks. The distribution of patients between the two fractionation schedules was comparable regarding site of the primary tumor, extent of disease, degree of histologic differentiation and performance status. Twenty-nine of 31(94%) patients in the 200 rad group and 29 of 33 (88%) in the 400 rad group had Stage IV disease. Twenty-six in the former group and 30 in the latter completed radiation therapy as planned. Acute skin and mucosal reactions occurred earlier in patients treated with 400 rad daily, but were of equivalent intensity and well within acceptable levels in both groups. No increase in late adverse effects was seen with high daily doses. Palliation of tumor-related symptoms and extent of tumor control were comparable in the two groups. Actuarial five year disease-free survival rates were approximately 10% in both treatment groups with a mean follow-up period of 5 1 2 years. We conclude that high fractional dose irradiation is equivalent to conventionally fractionated radiation therapy in the treatment of advanced head and neck cancer.
A SIMPLE BUT USEFUL APPROACH TO CONJUNCT IDENTIFICATION

This paper presents an approach to identifying conjuncts of coordinate conjunctions appearing in text which has been labelled with syntactic and semantic tags. The overall project of which this research is a part is also briefly discussed. The program was tested on a 10,000 word chapter of the Merck Veterinary Manual. The algorithm is deterministic and domain independent and it performs relatively well on a large real-life domain. Constructs not handled by the simple algorithm are also described in some detail.
Intrinsic optical signals in rat hippocampal slices during hypoxia-induced spreading depression-like depolarization.

In interfaced rat hippocampal slices spreading depression (SD) and hypoxia-induced SD-like depolarization are associated with increased light reflectance and decreased light transmittance, indicati...
Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of the Femoral Trochlea

Background:Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation is a recognized treatment modality for cartilage damage in the knee. Few reports are available on outcomes of OCA in the patellofemoral joint, and there are no reports on lesions isolated to the femoral trochlea.Purpose:To evaluate graft survivorship and clinical outcomes in patients who had an OCA to the femoral trochlea.Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:An OCA database was used to identify 29 knees in 28 patients (mean age, 30.2 years; range, 12-47 years; 8 female, 20 male) who were treated with a fresh OCA transplant limited to the femoral trochlea. The primary outcome was graft survivorship, and the minimum follow-up was 2 years. Clinical outcomes were assessed by the modified Merle d’Aubigne-Postel (18-point) score; Knee Society function (KS-F) score; International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) pain, function, and total scores; and University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score. The OCA patient satisfacti...
Mapping Civic Engagement: A Case Study of Service-Learning in Appalachia.

This study uses social cartography to map student perceptions of a co-curricular service-learning project in an impoverished rural community. As a complement to narrative discourse, mapping provides an opportunity to visualize not only the spatial nature of the educational experience but also, in this case, the benefits of civic engagement. The authors suggest that short-term immersion programs can provide students, regardless of their previous experiences with service, with opportunities to develop dispositions for active citizenship. Their maps, which envision a heterotopic space in two dimensions, examine the relationship between thought and action, specifically between empathy and apathy, and illustrate how what the students brought to the experience, in terms of their motivations and inclinations toward service-learning, as well as what they took away, in terms of their likelihood to participate in future service, ultimately led to individual growth and transformation.
Strens and traumas. An attempt at categorization.

Looking at the healthy personality, this investigation sought to answer basic questions concerning strens-growth-potentiating experiences-and to see if a categorization schema couM be derived. College volunteers (N = 26) described in detail their stren and trauma experiences. The results indicated that subfects did experience strens and did so with a frequency similar to traumas, but strens occurred at a later age than traumas. Many of the precipitating events for strens appeared to be the "antonym "of traumas, although some events produced both strens and traumas. A third category, typically involving a traumatic event that is converted into a stren, was discovered. This conversion process was principally cognitive, usually done by the subject alone, but sometimes a significant other aided in the reinterpretation. The healthy personality, long overshadowed by the discipline's historical enchantment with psychopathology, has received greater attention of late. The impetus has come from several sources. Psychoanalytic theorists have turned more of their energies towards ego psychology and healthy coping strategies (Freud, 1966; Hartmann, 1958); existential theorists (e.g., Maslow, 1968) have focused on "actualizing" and becoming healthier; and the community mental health movement, with its stress on primary and secondary prevention (Cowen, 1973), has sought to promote and maintain psychological health.
A game theoretic approach to repeated foreign body ingestion.

BetweenJanuary2010andFebruary2014, a 39-year-old asthmatic woman with borderline personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and a history of childhood sexual trauma was admitted to our hospital system 61 times for foreign body ingestion. During these hospitalizations, she underwent 62 upper endoscopies. She also required two exploratory laparotomies for surgical retrieval of a pencil fragment and a battery that had become obstructed in the small bowel. She has swallowed pencils, portions of disposable razors, knitting needles, metal nail files, toothbrush handles, plastic pen fragments, hair barrettes, disposable cutlery, and AA batteries. All her admissions occurred late in the eveningor onweekends. During the past 4-year time period, she also underwent at least 28 additional upper endoscopies at outside hospitals for intentional foreign body ingestion. The patient was assessed as being at high risk for repeated self-harm. She engaged in cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and electroconvulsive therapy,buther patternofrepetitiveswal
The laryngeal mask airway for oral and maxillofacial surgery.

The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is an artificial airway that joins end-to-end with the natural airway, or larynx. The LMA is widely used in outpatient surgery as an alternative to the face mask and endotracheal tube for achieving and maintaining airway control during general anesthesia. The scope of LMA use includes routine and emergency airway management, known and unexpected difficult airway management, head and neck surgery, intensive and emergency care practice, and prehospital resuscitation. Indications, contraindications, and caveats for LMA usage are discussed in this chapter. 1
Studies on Response to Photoperiod and Temperature of the Photoperiod Sensitive Genie Male Sterile Rice(PGMSR)II.Identification of japonica PGMSR in growth chambers

The effects of photoperiod and temperature on fertility of Nongken 58S and its derivedPGMSRs (subsp. japonica) were studied in artificially controlled condition. The results indicated thatboth photoperiod and temperature affected PGMSRs' fertility. The PGMSRs were sterile or nearly ster-ile in the treatment combination with long photoperiod (15. 0h) and high temperature (29. 6℃), andtheir fertility was higher in the treatment combination with short photoperiod (12. 0h) and low tempera-ture (23. 6℃). The alternation in the fertility of PGMSRs occurred under the treatment combinations with15. 0h/ 23. 6℃ and 12. 0h/ 29. 6℃ in growth chambers. The influence of genetic background onPGMSRs' fertility was also observed. The experiment result will supply a base of knowledge to explainwhy the sterility of PGMSRs was unstable in summer and their fertility was not high enough in autumn inthe field.
Related Diversification Revisited: Social Comparison among Division Managers and Value Creation

The field of strategic management is moving toward an agreement that related diversification, compared to limited or extensive diversification, delivers optimal value for diversifying firms. Howeve...
Grundlagen: Oligopolwettbewerb und Vertragstheorie

Dieses Kapitel beschaftigt sich mit den methodischen Grundlagen der Analyse strategischer Allianzen: Wie kann der Wettbewerb in Oligopolmarkten angemessen modelliert werden? Wie last sich strategisches Verhalten von Unternehmen in diesem Kontext analysieren? Welche Aspekte sind im Fall asymmetrischer Information bei der Vertragsgestaltung zu beachten? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragestellungen wird auf Ansatze der theoretischen Industrieokonomik und der mikrookonomischen Vertragstheorie zuruckgegriffen.
Introduction: Gendering Gerson

Jean Gerson and Gender provides a crucial corrective to current treatments of one of the most influential late medieval intellectuals: the theologian, court preacher, university chancellor, and church reformer, Jean Gerson (d. 1429). Gerson left behind an impressive but somewhat enigmatic legacy that provided foundational contributions to two historical developments: the promotion of rational and just government, and the development of the European concept of the witch. By applying gender as a critical lens for understanding Gerson’s political strategies, this book brings together these two strands of scholarship. I argue that Gerson relied upon gendered language and misogynist polemics as a means of authenticating his interventions into church and royal politics. For this reason, and for the central role that Gerson played in political, religious, and intellectual histories of his period, examining in detail the forces that encouraged him to employ misogynist arguments and shaped the means by which he employed them promises to shed light upon the late medieval and early modern persistent belief that intellectual and political authority were best exercised by men.1
Future job instability in older workers can be predicted by breathlessness and airflow obstruction

Ageing populations have focused policymakers on maintaining fitness to work in older adults. There is good evidence linking respiratory limitation to work disability. Our cross-sectional survey of adults aged 51-60 (9Lungs at Work9) found significant associations between breathlessness, airflow obstruction and work performance in a general population; a follow-up survey conducted 18 months later examined changes in economic activity in this cohort. A postal questionnaire enquired about changes in employment status. Cases experiencing employment change were frequency matched to referents of the same gender who reported no change (2:1 ratio). Nearly all (94%) participants responded to the follow up questionnaire; all had been in full time work 18 months earlier. At follow up 10.9% were no longer working and a similar proportion were part time. 9.3% of participants reported changing their hours/activity at work for health reasons. Economic inactivity rose with increasing breathlessness and airflow obstruction. Odds of dyspnoea or airflow obstruction at baseline were significantly higher in cases than referents. These findings indicate significant burden of respiratory disability associated with job instability and ultimately workforce loss of older workers. Focusing health surveillance and targeting intervention on those at higher risk of employment problems could help maintain a more functional older workforce.