cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social psychological perspectives on Trump supporters

No one factor describes Trump’s supporters. But an array of factors – many of them reflecting five major social psychological phenomena can help to account for this extraordinary political event: authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, prejudice, relative deprivation, and intergroup contact. Research on the topic demonstrates that these theories and concepts of social psychology prove centrally important in helping to understand this unexpected event. This paper describes the supporting data for this statement and demonstrates the close parallels between these American results and those of research on far-right European supporters.
Errors in the Determination of the Solar Constant by the Langley Method Due to the Presence of Volcanic Aerosol

The accuracy in the determination of the solar constant by means of the Langley method is strongly influenced by the spatial inhomogeneities of the atmospheric aerosol. Volcanos frequently inject aerosol into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. This paper evaluates the solar constant error that would occur if observations had been taken throughout the plume of El Chichon observed by NASA aircraft in the fall of 1982 and the spring of 1983. A lidar method is suggested to minimize this error. 15 refs.
Preface to the XVIIth Scientific Meeting of the Inter-American Society of Hypertension

The present issue of Hypertension contains selected manuscripts based on presentations made at the XVIIth Scientific Meeting of the Inter-American Society of Hypertension (IASH). The meeting was held from May 6 through 10, 2007, in Miami, Fla. The IASH meetings were cosponsored by the Consortium for Southeastern Hypertension Control (COSEHC), a national organization dedicated to reducing the risk of hypertension-related diseases of the heart and the blood vessels in the southeastern US. The conference program included state-of-the-art lectures and 336 abstract presentations. These presentations covered a variety of topics ranging from molecular genetics and vascular biology to clinical and epidemiological aspects of hypertension. On behalf of all the IASH members, I congratulate the meeting organizers, Drs Carlos M. Ferrario and Leopoldo Raij, for organizing a highly successful and informative scientific meeting. Participants of the IASH meeting were encouraged to submit manuscripts for publication in this proceedings issue of Hypertension . Most of the manuscripts were reviewed by 2 referees and the editors. There were 60 …
Climate variability and vadose zone controls on damping of transient recharge

Abstract Increasing demand on groundwater resources motivates understanding of the controls on recharge dynamics so model predictions under current and future climate may improve. Here we address questions about the nonlinear behavior of flux variability in the vadose zone that may explain previously reported teleconnections between global-scale climate variability and fluctuations in groundwater levels. We use hundreds of HYDRUS-1D simulations in a sensitivity analysis approach to evaluate the damping depth of transient recharge over a range of periodic boundary conditions and vadose zone geometries and hydraulic parameters that are representative of aquifer systems of the conterminous United States (U.S). Although the models were parameterized based on U.S. aquifers, findings from this study are applicable elsewhere that have mean recharge rates between 3.65 and 730 mm yr − 1 . We find that mean infiltration flux, period of time varying infiltration, and hydraulic conductivity are statistically significant predictors of damping depth. The resulting framework explains why some periodic infiltration fluxes associated with climate variability dampen with depth in the vadose zone, resulting in steady-state recharge, while other periodic surface fluxes do not dampen with depth, resulting in transient recharge. We find that transient recharge in response to the climate variability patterns could be detected at the depths of water levels in most U.S. aquifers. Our findings indicate that the damping behavior of transient infiltration fluxes is linear across soil layers for a range of texture combinations. The implications are that relatively simple, homogeneous models of the vadose zone may provide reasonable estimates of the damping depth of climate-varying transient recharge in some complex, layered vadose zone profiles.
Philosophy and Theology: Emmanuel Falque and the New Theological Turn

Emmanuel Falque is the most original and influential member of the second generation of the “theological turn” in phenomenology. However, in divergence from the generation of Catholic phenomenologists before him, Falque does not claim his work is solely philosophical by attempting to steer clear of theological presuppositions. Rather than giving his work legitimacy by maintaining its philosophical purity, Falque argues that the most productive route for the engagement between atheism and theism, believer and non-believer, secular philosopher and confessional theologian, is to recognize the differences between them in order to understand, explore, and bring to light how they might challenge each other’s assumptions. Falque is, in other words, unafraid of being labeled a Catholic thinker, whether theologian or philosopher, or of allowing his work to be explicitly shaped by theology because for him the goal is not to demonstrate the philosophical plausibility of revelation or other theological phenomena but to enable a transformative encounter between theology and philosophy that can reorient both disciplines.
Timescales for determining temperature and dissolved oxygen trends in the Long Island Sound (LIS) estuary

Abstract Long-term time series represent a critical part of the oceanographic community's efforts to discern natural and anthropogenically forced variations in the environment. They provide regular measurements of climate relevant indicators including temperature, oxygen concentrations, and salinity. When evaluating time series, it is essential to isolate long-term trends from autocorrelation in data and noise due to natural variability. Herein we apply a statistical approach, well-established in atmospheric time series, to key parameters in the U.S. east coast's Long Island Sound estuary (LIS). Analysis shows that the LIS time series (established in the early 1990s) is sufficiently long to detect significant trends in physical-chemical parameters including temperature (T) and dissolved oxygen (DO). Over the last two decades, overall (combined surface and deep) LIS T has increased at an average rate of 0.08 ± 0.03 °C yr −1 while overall DO has dropped at an average rate of 0.03 ± 0.01 mg L −1 yr −1 since 1994 at the 95% confidence level. This trend is notably faster than the global open ocean T trend (0.01 °C yr −1 ), as might be expected for a shallower estuarine system. T and DO trends were always significant for the existing time series using four month data increments. Rates of change of DO and T in LIS are strongly correlated and the rate of decrease of DO concentrations is consistent with the expected reduced solubility of DO at these higher temperatures. Thus, changes in T alone, across decadal timescales can account for between 33 and 100% of the observed decrease in DO. This has significant implications for other dissolved gases and the long-term management of LIS hypoxia.
Language Disorder in Children

Children with a language disorder have unusual difficulties understanding and/or using vocabulary or grammar in age-appropriate ways. Their difficulties with language development cannot be attributed to underlying conditions such as intellectual disability, sensory disorders, medical conditions, neurological disorders, or motor dysfunctions. Language disorder affects approximately 7% of preschool and school-age children. Researchers have hypothesized neurophysiological, biological (genetic), and psychological (cognitive/linguistic) causes of language disorder, but the precise etiology of language disorder has yet to be determined. Preschoolers with a language disorder often have difficulties using grammatical morphemes to mark tense and agreement. These grammatical difficulties may continue into the school-age years, when children with language disorder exhibit difficulties understanding and producing narratives and expository texts and often present reading and writing delays. A complete assessment of language disorder should include a detailed case history, interviews with the individual’s family and teachers, administration of ecologically valid standardized and non-standardized measures of communication, and consideration of related areas (e.g., behavioral, medical, educational status). Language intervention for children with a language disorder involves techniques designed to remediate or modify the factors that contribute to language disorder or teaching children the compensatory strategies to reduce the impact of a language disorder on academic, social, and/or vocational functioning. In the DSM-5, communication disorders (including language disorder) are categorized as neurodevelopmental disorders along with intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, specific learning disorder, and motor disorders.
Synthesis and Catalytic Activity of (3,4-Diphenylcyclopentadienone)Iron Tricarbonyl Compounds in Transfer Hydrogenations and Dehydrogenations

Four (3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone)iron tricarbonyl compounds were synthesized, and their activities in transfer hydrogenations of carbonyl compounds and transfer dehydrogenations of alcohols were explored and compared to those of the well-established [2,5-(SiMe3)2-3,4-(CH2)4(η4-C4C═O)]Fe(CO)3 (3). A new compound, [2,5-bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3,4-diphenylcyclopentadienone]iron tricarbonyl (7), was the most active catalyst in both transfer hydrogenations and dehydrogenations, and compound 3 was the least active catalyst in transfer hydrogenations. Evidence was found for product inhibition of both 3 and 7 in a transfer dehydrogenation reaction, with the activity of 3 being more heavily affected. A monomeric iron hydride derived from 7 was spectroscopically observed during a transfer hydrogenation, and no diiron bridging hydrides were found under reductive or oxidative conditions. Initial results in the transfer hydrogenation of N-benzylideneaniline showed that 3 was a significantly less active catalyst in ...
An observational study of patients’ attitudes to tattoos and piercings on their physicians: the ART study

Introduction Perceptions regarding body art change over time as societal norms change. Previous research regarding patients9 perceptions of physicians with exposed body art have been hampered by flaws in design methodology that incorporate biases into patient responses. This study was performed to determine whether emergency department (ED) patients perceived a difference in physician competence, professionalism, caring, approachability, trustworthiness and reliability in the setting of exposed body art. Methods Standardised surveys about physician competence, professionalism, caring, approachability, trustworthiness and reliability rating providers on a five point Likert scale were administered to patients in an ED after an encounter with a physician provider who demonstrated no body art modification, non-traditional piercings, tattoos, or both piercings and tattoos. Each provider served as their own control. Patients were blinded to the purpose of the survey. Results Patients did not perceive a difference in physician competence, professionalism, caring, approachability, trustworthiness or reliability in the setting of exposed body art. Patients assigned top box performance in all domains >75% of the time, regardless of physician appearance. Conclusion In the clinical setting, having exposed body art does not significantly change patients9 perception of the physician.
Tissue-specific expression and preliminary functional analysis of the 5' flanking regions of the human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) gene.

Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) is a member of a large group of enzymes that catalyze the irreversible oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids. The ALDH2 enzyme has a very low Km (<1 μM) for short aliphatic aldehydes such as acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde. In human beings, this isozyme appears to play a major role in the removal of acetaldehyde generated from the oxidation of ethanol. This conclusion is based on the study of individuals with a genetically determined deficiency in ALDH2 activity. Liver or hair root extracts from these individuals show the absence of the ALDH2 activity band on starch gels or isoelectric focusing gels (also known in the literature as the ALDH I or E2 band) (Harada et al., 1980). The deficiency results from a point mutation that substitutes a lysine for glutamate at position 487 (Yoshida et al., 1984; Crabb et al., 1989). Individuals with the deficient phenotype experience alcohol-induced flushing that is secondary to high levels of circulating acetaldehyde (Harada et al., 1981; Enomoto et al., 1991b). This is commonly referred to as the Oriental alcohol flush reaction. Assays of liver extracts from individuals carrying a deficient allele have about half the aldehyde dehydrogenase activity of extracts from subjects without the deficiency (S.-J. Yin, personal communication). Thus, ALDH2 activity makes a major contribution to the total aldehyde oxidizing capacity of the liver.
EGF Family Receptors and Their Ligands in Human Cancer

Publisher Summary Amplification or overexpression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) family receptors is frequently implicated in human cancer. This chapter helps in understanding the involvement of EGF family receptors and their ligands in human neoplasia. The EGF-related peptides can be divided into two groups, depending on their binding specificities. One group of ligands binds predominantly to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) while the second group of EGF-related peptides, the product of a single gene, composed of the variously named neu differentiation factors bind directly to ErbB-4 with high affinity. The EGF receptor family and their ligands are also potentially useful targets for anticancer therapy. Abnormalities in the EGFR-signaling pathway have also been associated with the development of many human cancers. EGFR is therefore used as a potential target for chemoprevention. Over expression of ErbB-2 has been detected frequently in human adenocarcinomas from several tissues including 30% of lung and stomach adenocarcinomas. Over expression and amplification of ErbB-2 is also correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Immunotherapy has long been considered a promising approach for the treatment of cancer. Monoclonal antibodies have been raised against both ligands and receptors for the EGF receptor system and against the extracellular domain of ErbB-2.
Management of febrile neutropenia in the observation unit of a cancer hospital.

e18120Background: The MASCC index is a well validated tool to identify low-risk patients who can be treated for febrile neutropenia (FN) in the outpatient setting. However, many physicians remain r...
Abstract #2774: The fully human EGFR antibody IMC-11F8 significantly increases the antitumor effects of cisplatin+gemcitabine in human non-small cell lung cancer models

Platinum based chemotherapy regimens have demonstrated superior or equivalent efficacy to that of alternative combination chemotherapy regimens in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. One agent currently combined with platinum for the treatment of NSCLC is gemcitabine, which increased response rates and median survival. In spite of the benefits of third generation chemotherapies such as gemcitabine in NSCLC patients, significant breakthroughs in reducing the poor prognosis of this disease have not occurred. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed in 40-80% of NSCLC biopsies, and agents targeting EGFR have demonstrated therapeutic benefits in NSCLC patients. IMC-11F8 is a fully human EGFR targeted monoclonal antibody developed at ImClone Systems Incorporated that is being advanced towards phase III clinical testing in metastatic colorectal cancer and NSCLC patients. In the present research, we evaluate the benefits of adding IMC-11F8 to a cisplatin+gemcitabine combination regimen in preclinical NSCLC models. We first established a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for [cisplatin+gemcitabine] combination therapy in athymic mice by using pairwise combinations of cisplatin at 7, 5, and 3 mg/kg with gemcitabine at 500, 100, or 50 mg/kg, both administered IP, q7d. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of this combination in mice was determined to be cisplatin at 3mg/kg + gemcitabine at 500mg/kg. This MTD was combined with IMC-11F8 (40 mg/kg, IP, Mon-Wed-Fri) in two models of NSCLC, established by injecting A549 or NCI-H1650 human NSCLC cells subcutaneously into the left flank of female athymic nu/nu mice. Treatment with IMC-11F8 + [cisplatin+gemcitabine] significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors compared to either therapy alone. In A549 tumors, the T/C% for combination therapy was 18% versus 50% and 58% for IMC-11F8 and [cisplatin+gemcitabine], respectively. Partial tumor regression occurred in 33% of IMC-11F8 +[cisplatin+gemcitabine] treated mice, but did not occur in monotherapy treated mice. In the NCI-H1650 tumor model, the T/C% for combination therapy was 16% compared to 39% for IMC-11F8 monotherapy and 54% for [cisplatin+gemcitabine]. Partial tumor regression frequency increased from 0-8% in monotherapy treated mice to 58% in mice treated with IMC-11F8 + [cisplatin+gemcitabine]. In conclusion, results support the addition of IMC-11F8 to [cisplatin+gemcitabine] for the treatment of NSCLC. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 2774.
SOS for Systems with Multiple Delays: Part 1. H ∞ -Optimal Control

We propose an LMI-based solution to the problem of $H_{\infty}-\mathbf{optimal}$ state-feedback control of systems with multiple state delays. This result is based on a generalization of the LMI framework to infinite-dimensional systems using the recently developed PQRS framework. The $H_{\infty}$ norm bounds are certified using Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals and do not rely on discretization. The algorithms are scalable to large numbers of states and delays and accurate to at least 4 decimal places when compared with Pade-based methods. We include efficient implementations of the proposed controllers for realtime control and provide a user-friendly interface available online via Code Ocean.
General chemoenzymatic route to two-stereocenter triketides employing assembly line ketoreductases

Modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are enzymatic assembly lines that fuse carbon fragments into complex chiral products. Here, their synthetic logic is employed to chemoenzymatically generate two-stereocenter triketides. Each of the four stereoisomers was constructed in a stereocontrolled manner using C-acylation and two PKS ketoreductases possessing opposite stereoselectivities.
Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Literature on Interior-Scale Elements of the Built Environment

Falls are the leading causes of injury and injury-related deaths in older adults. This review examined the role of interior-scale elements of living environments, including homes, nursing homes, re...
Chemogenetic Suppression of GnRH Neurons during Pubertal Development Can Alter Adult GnRH Neuron Firing Rate and Reproductive Parameters in Female Mice.

Abstract Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons control anterior pituitary, and thereby gonadal, function. GnRH neurons are active before outward indicators of puberty appear. Prenatal androgen (PNA) exposure mimics reproductive dysfunction of the common fertility disorder polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and reduces prepubertal GnRH neuron activity. Early neuron activity can play a critical role in establishing circuitry and adult function. We tested the hypothesis that changing prepubertal GnRH neuron activity programs adult GnRH neuron activity and reproduction independent of androgen exposure in female mice. Activating (3Dq) or inhibitory (4Di) designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) were targeted to GnRH neurons using Cre-lox technology. In control studies, the DREADD ligand clozapine n-oxide (CNO) produced the expected changes in GnRH neuron activity in vitro and luteinizing hormone (LH) release in vivo. CNO was administered to control or PNA mice between two and three weeks of age, when GnRH neuron firing rate is reduced in PNA mice. In controls, reducing prepubertal GnRH neuron activity with 4Di increased adult GnRH neuron firing rate and days in diestrus but did not change puberty onset or GABA transmission to these cells. In contrast, activating GnRH neurons had no effect on reproductive parameters or firing rate and did not rescue reproductive phenotypes in PNA mice. These studies support the hypothesis that prepubertal neuronal activity sculpts elements of the adult reproductive neuroendocrine axis and cyclicity but indicate that other PNA-induced programming actions are required for full reproductive phenotypes and/or that compensatory mechanisms overcome activity-mediated changes to mitigate reproductive changes in adults.
Internet of Things in Healthcare

Internet of things (IoT) is the global interconnection of several heterogeneous devices. It allows people and “things” to connect anytime and anywhere using a variety of wired or wireless communication networks. It will have its presence in all sectors of human lives including healthcare. The market for the IoT in healthcare is growing steadily. IoT in healthcare helps in effectively managing health and thus improving the quality of life. This chapter provides a brief introduction into IoT in healthcare or the use of IoT in the healthcare domain. It begins by presenting an overview on both IoT and healthcare. It discusses Internet of medical things. It covers various applications of IoT in healthcare. It addresses some benefits and challenges of IoT in healthcare.
Abstract 5746: Lifetime body mass index trajectory and pancreatic cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

Pancreatic cancer is the third-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women in the United States and has the lowest 5-year survival rate among all common cancers. The etiology of pancreatic cancer virtually remains elusive, with cigarette smoking and family history as the only well-established risk factors. Therefore, it is critical to identify lifestyle and other modifiable risk factors to reduce incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer. It is biologically plausible that overweight and obesity modulate the risk of pancreatic cancer as they induce chronic inflammation and promote the occurrence of type-2 diabetes. However, previous studies on the association between longitudinal changes in weight status and pancreatic cancer risk are inconsistent. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between lifetime trajectory of body mass index (BMI) and risk of pancreatic cancer among participants in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. BMI (kg/m2) was calculated from self-reported body weight and height of the participants at age 20, age 50, and time of entry into the cohort (ages 55-74). Of 148,447 men and women who completed a valid baseline questionnaire, 711 developed pancreatic cancer during a median follow-up period of 12 years. Using SAS Proc Traj, we identified 5 BMI trajectory groups: normal-steady, normal-overweight-normal, normal-overweight, normal-obese, and overweight-obese. Normal weight, overweight, and obesity were defined as BMI≤25, 25 Citation Format: Jianjun Zhang, Margaret Hoyt. Lifetime body mass index trajectory and pancreatic cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5746.
Remembering Angelika Amon (1967–2020)

![Figure][1] Angelika at a lab member's wedding in 2012. Picture courtesy of Jeremy M. Rock. The scientific world says farewell to Angelika Amon, a tremendous geneticist and cancer researcher who passed away unexpectedly at the end of October at the age of 53. In this obituary, we would
Temporal consistency of undercanopy thermal refugia in old-growth forest

Abstract Microclimatic refugia (microrefugia) are ecologically important for the conservation of biodiversity under climate change. Year-to-year climatic consistency is an important requirement for most types of microrefugia, but refugia are often modeled using only a few years of data. Here, we used a decade-long (2009-2018) fine-scale, undercanopy microclimate temperature dataset from a landscape in the Cascades Mountains of Oregon, USA to assess the inter-annual temporal consistency of microrefugia. We used boosted regression tree microclimate models to quantify overall consistency and map locations of stable microrefugia for six biologically relevant annual temperature metrics. Microclimate temperature offsets (i.e., microclimate minus macroclimate temperatures) were remarkably stable over time, with R2 ranging from 0.69 for minimum temperature during spring to 0.90 for mean temperature during spring. We observed a high degree of coupling; that is, broad-scale climatic variation, as reflected in free-air temperature, has a major effect on microclimate temperatures – particularly in hot years – with the potential to overwhelm thermal buffering effects. In spite of this, we identified potential microrefugia locations throughout our study area, especially with respect to spring minimum and mean temperatures. To maintain microrefugia in a rapidly changing climate, conservation of old-growth and other structurally complex forest habitat is critical, especially at sites with high elevation relative to their surroundings.
A three-dimensional finite element model of cAMP signals

Abstract This paper presents a three-dimensional finite element model for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling. Governing equations for the synthesis, diffusion, and degradation of cAMP were numerically implemented using the finite element method. Simulated results were displayed as time course plots of cAMP concentrations at selected nodes within the discretized geometry. The validity of the finite element model was assessed by comparing simulated results against analytical or other numerical solutions of cAMP concentration distribution for a spherical cellular volume. An endothelial cell was also simulated using its discretized geometry obtained from microscopic cellular cross-sectional images. Simulated solutions using the spherical cellular volume produced near identical cAMP concentration plots to the analytical solutions and were in good agreements with numerical results obtained from VCell, an existing software package for modeling cell biological systems. The validated 3-D finite element model was then employed to simulate the cAMP signaling pathway within a pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell geometry.
Biologically-Inspired Pulse Signal Processing for Intelligence at the Edge.

There is an ever-growing mismatch between the proliferation of data-intensive, power-hungry deep learning (DL) solutions in the machine learning (ML) community and the need for agile, portable solutions in resource-constrained devices, particularly for intelligence at the edge. In this paper, we present a fundamentally novel approach that leverages data-driven intelligence with biologically-inspired efficiency. The proposed Sparse Embodiment Neural-Statistical Architecture (SENSA) decomposes the learning task into two distinct phases: a training phase and a hardware embedment phase where prototypes are extracted from the trained network and used to construct fast, sparse embodiment for hardware deployment at the edge. Specifically, we propose the Sparse Pulse Automata via Reproducing Kernel (SPARK) method, which first constructs a learning machine in the form of a dynamical system using energy-efficient spike or pulse trains, commonly used in neuroscience and neuromorphic engineering, then extracts a rule-based solution in the form of automata or lookup tables for rapid deployment in edge computing platforms. We propose to use the theoretically-grounded unifying framework of the Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) to provide interpretable, nonlinear, and nonparametric solutions, compared to the typical neural network approach. In kernel methods, the explicit representation of the data is of secondary nature, allowing the same algorithm to be used for different data types without altering the learning rules. To showcase SPARK's capabilities, we carried out the first proof-of-concept demonstration on the task of isolated-word automatic speech recognition (ASR) or keyword spotting, benchmarked on the TI-46 digit corpus. Together, these energy-efficient and resource-conscious techniques will bring advanced machine learning solutions closer to the edge.
Distinct survival and clinical profile of infantile glioblastoma: insights from a national database.

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of glioblastoma (GBM) in infants aged ≤ 1 year is extremely rare, and its comparability to the more common adult diagnosis is underexplored. Correspondingly, the objective of this study was to interrogate a national cancer database to elucidate the typical survival and clinical profile of this demographic. METHODS All GBM patients aged ≤ 1 year in the U.S. National Cancer Database (NCDB) between 2005 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Data were summarized, and overall survival (OS) was modeled using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 86 patients satisfied criteria for entry into study, making up 0.08% of all GBM diagnoses in the database. There were 32 (37%) females and 54 (63%) males. Irrespective of treatment, median OS was 67.3 months (95% CI, 46-91), which was distinct from all other ages and pediatric age groups. There were 74 (86%) treated by surgery, 51 (59%) treated by chemotherapy, and 17 (20%) treated by radiation therapy. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that Hispanic status (HR = 3.41, P = 0.02) and the presence of comorbidity (HR = 3.24, P = 0.01) independently predicted shorter OS, whereas treatment with chemotherapy (HR = 0.18, P < 0.01) independently predicted longer OS. Neither extent of surgery nor radiation therapy demonstrated independent statistical significance. CONCLUSION Infantile GBM should be viewed as a distinct GBM entity with a longer OS than other pediatric and adult patients. Chemotherapy is a statistically significant component in the treatment of this demographic, and the value of surgical treatment is likely universal. Future studies into understanding the biological and genetic profile of infantile GBM are needed to advance both pediatric and adult fields.
Systematic Review on How the Internet of Things will Impact Management in the Manufacturing Industry

The Internet of Things has led to the development of new operational frameworks and models within the manufacturing industry. The emergence of advanced technologies now gives managers better quality resources and knowledge to make more improved decisions on the problems they encounter. A systematic literature review was conducted in this report over articles containing the keywords “internet of things”, “manufacturing”, and “management” to receive a better understanding on the relationship between them. These keywords were searched through the databases Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar via Harzing to receive articles and metadata. This metadata was then analyzed through the softwares VOSviewer and CiteSpace. These softwares were able to provide co-citation analysis, co-occurrence analysis, cluster analysis, and word clouds. The co-citation analysis and searching throughout the database Web of Science is how the 9 main references used in this report were found. The co-occurrence analysis, cluster analysis, and word cloud were used to gain insight on what subtopics should receive the most attention when analyzing the references. A subtopic found to have a lot of relevance to the keywords is a term called “Industry 4.0”. There are numerous new management systems and frameworks being developed from the integration of Internet of Things into manufacturing which are covered within this report.
Functional Evidence for Two Antigen Presentation Sites for a Single I-A Molecule

The recognition of soluble antigen by T cells has been shown to be restricted by la molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APC). Utilizing complementary pairs of T cell helper clones reactive with the synthetic terpolymer GAT (glutamic acid60-alanine30-tyrosine10) derived from (C57BL/6x A/J)F1 mice (B6A), it has been possible to show that there exist at least two separate antigen restriction/presentation sites per I-A molecule.
An Environmental Management System for Biosolids

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) 40 CFR Part 503 rule (US EPA, 1994) provides comprehensive requirements for the management of biosolids generated during the process of treating municipal wastewater. This risk-based regulation is designed to protect public health and the environment from reasonably anticipated adverse effects of pollutants that may be present in biosolids. The Part 503 rule is designed to manage organic and inorganic pollutants in biosolids, pathogens and vectors. The Part 503 rule is self-implementing, meaning that persons who generate and land apply biosolids must follow its provisions whether or not a permit has been issued. Most states have additional rules that govern biosolids recycling.
The Dynamic Emergence of Representation

Publisher Summary Interactive representation is naturalistically emerging as the solution to the problem of action selection. It is not epiphenomenal and it emerges naturally in the evolution of biological agents. Interactive content is the dynamic presuppositions made in indications of interactive potentiality. Those presuppositions are not explicitly represented; instead, they are implicit in the indications themselves. The interactive model easily accounts for the possibility of representational error and the possibility of an even stronger criterion—system detectable representational error. Representational content must be internally related to representation in the logical sense of internal relation. A logically external relation is one that can change without changing the relata; an internal relation is one that the relata must be in if they are to be what they are. The dynamic presuppositions of the interactive model are internally related to the interaction indications to which they belong. Those interactions could not be what they are without having those appropriate conditions.
Biocompatibility of Materials in Medical Devices

Medical devices are used for a variety of functions in humans. This review elaborates on the types of tests used to evaluate biocompatibility of the interactions between man-made medical devices and host tissues and organs. The outcome of the response depends on the site of implantation, the species of the host, the genetic makeup of the host, the sterility of the implant, and the effect the device has on biological processes. Biological processes involved in host tissue responses to implantable medical devices reflect activation of a series of cascades that require blood proteins or other components found in the blood. Two types of regulatory approvals for medical devices exist in the United States, 510(k) notification and premarket approval (PMA). The specific tests required prior to regulatory approval vary with the type of device and application; however, some general testing is usually recommended. Normally, animal testing is conducted to demonstrate that a medical device is safe, and when implanted in humans the device will reduce, alleviate, or eliminate the possibility of adverse medical reactions or conditions. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) as well as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) publishes standards for testing medical devices. The recommended tests include culture cytotoxicity, skin irritation, short-term intramuscular implantation, short-term subcutaneous implantation, blood coagulation, long-term implantation, mucous membrane irritation, systemic injection, sensitization assays, and mutagenicity testing.
Cambrian Intelligence: The Early History of the New AI

Until the mid-1980s, AI researchers assumed that an intelligent system doing high-level reasoning was necessary for the coupling of perception and action. In this traditional model, cognition mediates between perception and plans of action. Realizing that this core AI, as it was known, was illusory, Rodney A. Brooks turned the field of AI on its head by introducing the behavior-based approach to robotics. The cornerstone of behavior-based robotics is the realization that the coupling of perception and action gives rise to all the power of intelligence and that cognition is only in the eye of an observer. Behavior-based robotics has been the basis of successful applications in entertainment, service industries, agriculture, mining, and the home. It has given rise to both autonomous mobile robots and more recent humanoid robots such as Brooks' Cog. This book represents Brooks' initial formulation of and contributions to the development of the behavior-based approach to robotics. It presents all of the key philosophical and technical ideas that put this "bottom-up" approach at the forefront of current research in not only AI but all of cognitive science.
Body Composition in 70-Year-Old Adults Responds to Dietary β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate Similarly to That of Young Adults

Studies in young adults have demonstrated that beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) can increase gains in strength and fat-free mass during a progressive resistance-training program. The purpose of this study was to determine whether HMB would similarly benefit 70-y-old adults undergoing a 5 d/wk exercise program. Thirty-one men (n = 15) and women (n = 16) (70 +/- 1 y) were randomly assigned in a double-blind study to receive either capsules containing a placebo or Ca-HMB (3 g/d) for the 8-wk study. Skin fold estimations of body composition as well as computerized tomography (CT) and dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans were measured before the study and immediately after the 8-wk training program. HMB supplementation tended to increase fat-free mass gain (HMB, 0.8 +/- 0.4 kg; placebo, -0.2 +/- 0.3 kg; treatment x time, P = 0.08). Furthermore, HMB supplementation increased the percentage of body fat loss (skin fold: HMB, -0.66 +/- 0.23%; placebo, -0.03 +/- 0.21%; P = 0.05) compared with the placebo group. CT scans also indicated a greater decrease in the percentage of body fat with HMB supplementation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, changes in body composition can be accomplished in 70-y-old adults participating in a strength training program, as previously demonstrated in young adults, when HMB is supplemented daily.
Vibrational spectra and conformations of vinyloxirane

The infrared spectra of gaseous and solid vinyloxirane have been recorded, while Raman spectra of all three physical states have been obtained. The vibrational data for the liquid and vapor phases are consistent with the presence of three conformations, the s-trans and two nonequivalent gauche forms. The energy separations between the most stable s-trans and each of the other confromers have been determined for the liquid state to be 1.1 ± 0.2 and 0.8 ± 0.2 kcal mol−1 by measuring the temperature dependence of sets of Raman lines. A complete vibrational assignment is proposed for the s-trans conformer, and the identities of the less stable conformers are discussed in terms of previous studies of related molecules.
Enhancement of 2'-deoxyguanosine hydroxylation and DNA damage by coal and oil fly ash in relation to particulate metal content and availability.

Epidemiologic studies have shown causal relationships between air pollution particles and adverse health effects in susceptible subpopulations. Fly ash particles (containing water-soluble and insoluble metals) are a component of ambient air particulate pollution and may contribute to particulate-induced health effects. Some of the pathological effects after inhalation of the particles may be due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by metal-catalyzed reactions. In this investigation, we analyzed emission source particulates oil fly ash (OFA) and coal fly ash (CFA) for metal content and solubility in relation to their ability to induce 2'-deoxyguanosine (dG) hydroxylation and DNA damage as measured by 8-oxo-dG formation by HPLC/UV-electrochemical detection (ECD). Water-soluble vanadium and nickel were present at the highest concentrations, and iron was present in trace amounts in OFA (5.1% V, 1.0% Ni, and 0.4% Fe by weight). In contrast, CFA comprised mostly of water-insoluble aluminosilicates and iron (9.2% Al, 12.2% Si, and 2.8% Fe by weight). As a first approach to gain insight into the mode of action of these particulates, we examined metal species-catalyzed kinetics of dG hydroxylation. Metal species at a concentration of 0.1 mM in the incubation mixture containing 0.1 mM dG under ambient air at room temperature catalyzed maximum 8-oxo-dG formation at 15 min with yields ranging from 0.05 to 0.17%, decreasing in the following order: vanadium(IV) > iron(II) > vanadium(V) > iron(III) > or = nickel(II). Insoluble Fe(III) oxide (Fe(2)O(3)) under similar conditions had no effect. Consistent with these results, OFA rich in vanadium and nickel concentrations showed a dose-dependent increase in the level of dG hydroxylation to 8-oxo-dG formation at particulate concentrations of 0.1-1 mg/mL (p 0.05). DMSO, a (*)OH scavenger, inhibited OFA-induced 8-oxo-dG formation, and metal ion chelators, deferoxamine (DFX), DTPA, and ferrozine blocked OFA-induced 8-oxo-dG formation. OFA and CFA induced 8-oxo-dG formation in a pattern similar to that observed for dG hydroxylation when calf thymus DNA was used as a substrate. Treatment of OFA particles with DFX before reacting with DNA or addition of a catalase in the incubation mixture significantly suppressed 8-oxo-dG formation (p < 0.05). These results suggest that metal availability, but not the concentration of metals present in CFA and OFA, is critical in mediating molecular oxygen-dependent dG hydroxylation and DNA base damage.
Combinatorial Discovery and Optimization of a Complex Oxide with Water Photoelectrolysis Activity

A ternary oxide containing cobalt, aluminum, and iron and not previously known to be active for the photoelectrolysis of water was identified using a high throughput combinatorial technique. The technique involves ink jet printing overlapping patterns of oxide precursors onto fluorine-doped tin oxide conductive glass substrates. Subsequent pyrolysis yields patterns of mixed oxide compositions that were screened for photoelectrolysis activity by scanning a laser over the material while it was immersed in an electrolyte and mapping the photocurrent response. The composition and optimum thickness for photoelectrochemical response of the newly identified material was further refined using quantitative ink jet printing. Chemical analysis of bulk and thin film samples revealed that the material contains cobalt, aluminum, and iron in a Co3O4 spinel structure with Fe and Al substituted into Co sites with a nominal stoichiometry of Co3−x−yAlxFeyO4 where x and y are about 0.18 and 0.30, respectively. The material i...
Correlates of intention to use the female condom among women taking methadone

The correlates of high-risk womens intentions to use the female condom were investigated in a descriptive study involving 148 sexually active women from 3 US methadone clinics. 51% of women were Latina and 38% were African-American; the mean age was 39 years. Male condoms douching sterilization and withdrawal were the most frequently used contraceptive methods in the 90 days preceding the study. 56% had heard of the female condom but only 6% had used it. Of the 139 women who had never used the female condom 32% indicated they intended to use it in the future. Such intention was significantly positively correlated with age under 39 years African-American ethnicity and the belief the female condom offers users a sense of personal control over their sexuality. Those who intended to use the female condom were more likely to have previously used male condoms believe their partners would be supportive of the device think female condom use could be erotic and fun feel confident in their ability to negotiate safer sex and to welcome an additional option for practicing safer sex. They were also less likely than their counterparts who did not intend to use a female condom to believe use of this method would imply they had a sexually transmitted disease or were too eager to have sex. Compared with women who did not intend to use the female condom those who did were more likely to discuss the device with at least 1 member of their social network. These findings confirm the necessity of considering gender relations and social networks in the design of female condom promotion strategies.
State-of-the-art automated process simulation systems

The control and engineering tasks accomplished with the help of automated process simulation systems are described. The practical solution examples are cited. The UniSim Design system, providing modeling of all stages of production cycle, is described.
Science-Based Views of Drug Addiction and Its Treatment

MORE THAN TWO THIRDS OF people with addiction see a primary care or urgent care physician every 6 months, and many others are regularly seen by other medical specialists. These physicians are therefore in a prime position to help patients who may have drug abuse problems by recognizing and diagnosing the addiction, helping to direct patients to a program that can meet their treatment needs, and helping to monitor progress after specialty treatment and during recovery. Many physicians, however, find the domain of drug abuse particularly daunting and often avoid the issue with their patients. This is understandable given the relatively short shrift drug abuse is given in formal medical education. There is a widespread misperception that drug abuse treatment is not effective, which may account for the reluctance of physicians to even broach the subject of drug abuse or treatment with their patients. On the other hand, over the past 15 to 20 years, advances in science have revolutionized our fundamental understanding of the nature of drug abuse and addiction and what to do about it. In addition, there are now extensive data showing that addiction is eminently treatable if the treatment is welldelivered and tailored to the needs of the particular patient. There is an array of both behavioral and pharmacological treatments that can effectively reduce drug use, help manage drug cravings and prevent relapses, and restore people to productive functioning in society. Of course, not all drug abuse treatments are equally effective, and there is no single treatment appropriate for all patients. Fortunately, recent scientific advances have provided insights both into the nature of drug abuse and addiction and into the principles that characterize the most effective treatment approaches and programs. These treatment principles should make the primary care or nonaddiction specialty care physician’s tasks of screening and referral much easier.