cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling of high temperature creep in ASTM A992 structural steels

Abstract Creep in structural steels at high temperatures has been widely observed in experiments; however its inclusion in numerical simulations has been limited due to lack of experimental creep data and the corresponding constitutive model for ASTM A992 structural steels. Recently published experimental creep data for ASTM A992 steels (Morovat et al., 2012) helped alleviate the first problem and this paper addresses the second issue related to modeling of high temperature creep. To this end, first the physical mechanisms underlying the creep phenomenon in metals are revisited and the frameworks for modeling high temperature creep are discussed. A hyperbolic sine model is then used to fit the experimental creep data for ASTM A992 steel and the corresponding best fit parameters are provided. Finally, high temperature creep buckling of ASTM A992 steel columns is examined and it is shown that creep can play an important role, especially at high temperatures and/or loads.
A model of candidate convergence under uncertainty about voter preferences

The paper considers two-candidate spatial voting games without a core where candidates have only imperfect knowledge of voters' preferences. We prove that a candidate maximizes his chances of victory by choosing a position as close as possible to that of the candidate who committed to his position first. We also determine the optimal position for this first candidate.
One-week and 3-month outcomes after an emergency department visit for undifferentiated musculoskeletal low back pain.

Study objective Nearly 3 million patients present to US emergency departments (EDs) annually with undifferentiated musculoskeletal low back pain. Little is known about short- and longer-term outcomes in this group. We seek to describe the pain and functional outcomes 1 week and 3 months after discharge in a sample of ED patients presenting with undifferentiated musculoskeletal low back pain. Methods We used a prospective observational descriptive cohort design, enrolling ED patients with a chief complaint of low back pain classified as musculoskeletal in origin by the ED attending physician. We defined low back pain as pain originating in the posterior back between the tips of the scapulae and upper buttocks and excluded any patient with a traumatic back injury occurring within the previous month. We interviewed patients in the ED and then by telephone follow-up 1 week and 3 months after ED discharge, using a scripted closed-question data collection instrument. Our primary outcome was functional limitation attributable to low back pain assessed with a validated scale. Secondary outcomes included pain and analgesic use during the 24 hours before each follow-up telephone call. Results During a 9-month period beginning in July 2009, we approached 894 patients, of whom 556 were enrolled. We obtained follow-up on 97% of our sample at 1 week and 92% at 3 months. One week after ED discharge, 70% (95% confidence interval [CI] 66% to 74%) of patients reported back pain–related functional impairment, 59% (95% CI 55% to 63%) reported moderate or severe low back pain, and 69% (95% CI 65% to 73%) reported analgesic use within the previous 24 hours. Three months after ED discharge, 48% (95% CI 44% to 52%) of patients reported functional impairment, 42% (95% CI 38% to 46%) reported moderate or severe pain, and 46% (95% CI 44% to 50%) reported analgesic use within the previous 24 hours. Conclusion There is substantial short- and longer-term morbidity and ongoing analgesic use among patients who present to an ED with undifferentiated musculoskeletal low back pain.
Bortezomib for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma

Introduction: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an infrequent lymphoma subtype characterized by aberrant cyclin D1 expression. As MCL is incurable, patients are destined to relapse. While there is no universally accepted treatment approach for relapsed MCL, several agents are now approved in this setting.Areas covered: Here we not only focus on the first approved agent bortezomib, but also discuss more recently approved agents as well. FDA approval in 2006 of bortezomib for patients with previously treated MCL was based on the PINNACLE study, with 33% response rate. In 2013, lenalidomide received FDA approval for MCL patients who had progressed after prior treatment that included bortezomib, based on the pivotal Phase II EMERGE study with 28% response rate. Also in 2013, the FDA granted accelerated approval of ibrutinib for patients with at least one prior therapy for MCL based on a Phase II study with 68% response rate. In Europe, temsirolimus is approved for relapsed MCL based on a randomized Phase III thre...
Ultrastructural studies of enzyme activity in the cestode cuticle.

A more precise localization of two groups of esterases in the cestode, Hymenolepis citelli, demonstrated that alkaline phosphatases were found mainly on the outer membrane of the proximal microthrix. Cholinesterase was found predominately in the distal microthrix. The evidence suggests that the alkaline phosphatases are not dependent on Mg+, Na+, or K+ and that an ATPase is operating.
Reciprocity and the belief in a just world

Reciprocity is an important social norm that regulates interpersonal interactions. This study investigated whether the belief in a just world moderates the responses to a reciprocal obligation. A confederate gave (or did not give) a gift to participants and later solicited the participants to purchase raffle tickets. Participants who were stronger in the belief in a just world purchased more tickets than participants who were weaker in the belief in a just world in the reciprocal gift condition. No difference was found in the no gift condition. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
A review and meta-analysis of utility values for lung cancer.

Background. Published utility estimates for lung cancer are plentiful and vary greatly. The reason for this variability is unclear, but may result from differences in the methods used to elicit eac...
Classicism and Conservation: A Celebration of Roman Architecture [Forum]

Forum / AIA Jeffrey T. Darbee The American Institute of Architects Committee on Historic Resources Classicism and Conservation: A Celebration of Roman Architecture Rome has inspired the world’s archi- tecture for more than two millennia, but not just in building designs. The city’s most important lesson is that today’s Rome is a living, working city, by no means frozen in time. It has reached a balance between past and present where new and old live com- fortably side by side. Though Ameri- can cities might measure their age in centuries rather than millennia, we can apply Rome’s lesson at home and seek that same balance. Rome’s strongest characteristic is the layering of time and the persistence of the past in urban patterns and the footprints, fabric and form of build- ings new and old. It is a vast palimpsest, readable by anyone willing to observe how it has been built, liter- ally and ﬁguratively, on the fragments, ideas and impressions of the past, yet it functions as a livable and vibrant world capital. The AIA Historic Resources Com- mittee visit to Rome last spring offered lectures, seminars and visits to sites of preservation and archaeologi- cal signiﬁcance, and took up three questions: What role does classicism have in an age of cutting-edge design? How do we express our own time in a historic environment without diluting the signiﬁcance and integrity of that environment? Can architecture con- tinue to evolve—borrowing from the past as it has done over thousands of years—or must it continuously revolt and re-invent itself, as it often does today? The ﬁrst session explored the rele- vance of the classical tradition at a time in which avant-garde design seeks a break with tradition and archi- tecture must respond to demands of communication, transportation and sustainability that never inﬂuenced classical design. The most powerful lingering image of Rome is of the layering of time and history so evident everywhere in the city. Photos courtesy Jeffrey T. Darbee These forum pages are produced under an agreement between Places/Design History Foundation and the American Institute of Architects. This article reports on the AIA Committee on Design’s visit to Rome, April 21-26, 2001. The conference chair was Carol Rusche Bentel, AIA, and last year’s committee chair was Wendy Evans Joseph, AIA. For information about AIA membership and upcom- ing programs, call 800-242-3837 or visit www.e-architect.com/pia/cod. Places 14.3
Kinesthetics eXtreme: an external infrastructure for monitoring distributed legacy systems

Autonomic computing - self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing applications, systems and networks - is widely believed to be a promising solution to ever-increasing system complexity and the spiraling costs of human system management as systems scale to global proportions. Most results to date, however, suggest ways to architect new software constructed from the ground up as autonomic systems, whereas in the real world organizations continue to use stovepipe legacy systems and/or build ''systems of systems'' that draw from a gamut of new and legacy components involving disparate technologies from numerous vendors. Our goal is to retrofit autonomic computing onto such systems, externally, without any need to understand or modify the code, and in many cases even when it is impossible to recompile. We present a meta-architecture implemented as active middleware infrastructure to explicitly add autonomic services via an attached feedback loop that provides continual monitoring and, as needed, reconfiguration and/or repair. Our lightweight design and separation of concerns enables easy adoption of individual components, as well as the full infrastructure, for use with a large variety of legacy, new systems, and systems of systems. We summarize several experiments spanning multiple domains.
Potentiation of Developmentally Regulated Plant Defense Response by AtWRKY18, a Pathogen-Induced Arabidopsis Transcription Factor

AtWRKY18 is a pathogen- and salicylic acid-induced Arabidopsis transcription factor containing the plant-specific WRKY zinc finger DNA-binding motif. In the present study, we have transformed Arabidopsis plants with AtWRKY18 under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Surprisingly, transgenic plants expressing high levels of AtWRKY18 were stunted in growth. When expressed at moderate levels, AtWRKY18 potentiated developmentally regulated defense responses in transgenic plants without causing substantial negative effects on plant growth. As they grew from seedling to mature stages, transgenic AtWRKY18 plant showed marked increase in the expression of pathogenesis-related genes and resistance to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, whereas wild-type plants exhibited little enhancement in these defense responses. Potentiation of developmentally regulated defense responses by AtWRKY18 was not associated with enhanced biosynthesis of salicylic acid but required the disease resistance regulatory protein NPR1/NIM1. Thus, AtWRKY18 can positively modulate defense-related gene expression and disease resistance. To study the regulated expression of AtWRKY18, we have identified a cluster of WRKY binding sites in the promoter of the gene and demonstrated that they acted as negative regulatory elements for the inducible expression of AtWRKY18. These negative cis-acting elements may prevent overexpression of AtWRKY18 during the activation of plant defense responses that could be detrimental to plant growth as inferred from the transgenic plants ectopically expressing the transgene.
Against NGOs? A Critical Perspective on Nongovernmental Action

Through a review of two bodies of critical literature, within management studies and development studies respectively, the implications of a critical perspective for our understanding of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) is presented.
A transflective liquid crystal display using an internal wire grid polarizer

To obtain high transmittance and reflectance simultaneously, a single cell gap transflective liquid crystal (LC) display using internal wire grid polarizer (WGP) is proposed. For the reflective mode, the imbedded WGP serves as a polarization-dependent reflector for the ambient light. For the transmissive mode, no achromatic quarter-wave film is needed. This device can be used as a normally black mode (using vertical alignment) and a normally white mode (using twist-nematic alignment), based on the initial LC cell alignment. Detailed electro-optic performance, such as voltage-dependent light efficiency and viewing angle of these two device configurations, is investigated
Fourth-grade children’s dietary recall accuracy for energy intake at school meals differs by social desirability and body mass index percentile in a study concerning retention interval

Data from a study concerning retention interval and school-meal observation on children's dietary recalls were used to investigate relationships of social desirability score (SDS) and body mass index percentile (BMI%) to recall accuracy for energy for observed (n = 327) children, and to reported energy for observed and unobserved (n = 152) children. Report rates (reported/observed) correlated negatively with SDS and BMI%. Correspondence rates (correctly reported/observed) correlated negatively with SDS. Inflation ratios (overreported/observed) correlated negatively with BMI%. The relationship between reported energy and each of SDS and BMI% did not depend on observation status. Studies utilizing children's dietary recalls should assess SDS and BMI%.
A Baseline GPS RAIM Scheme and a Note on the Equivalence of Three RAIM Methods

The RTCA GPS Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) has now been released, and airborne equipment manufacturers will be expected to meet the specifications given in the MOPS. A considerable portion of the MOPS is devoted to GPS integrity requirements and the associated receiver testing procedures. The GPS Integrity Channel (GIC) is still a few years away, so some form of Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) must be relied upon in the interim period (and perhaps beyond). Many different RAIM schemes have been proposed over the past few years, each with its respective advantages and disadvantages. This paper proposes a baseline RAIM scheme that can serve as a standard for performance comparisons. The proposed scheme is a straight-forward, workable RAIM method that is easily understood by all. It is a good scheme, but there is no claim that it is optimal. The proposed standard RAIM scheme is based on a unified theory that says that under the condition of equal alarm rates, the least-squares-residuals, parity, and range-comparison RAIM methods all yield identical results. This is not generally recognized, so a justification of this three-way equivalence is given in the paper. The proposed standard scheme involves the formation of a simple scalar test statistic from the redundant measurements. This, in turn, is then compared with a precomputed threshold. A standard procedure for pruning out bad detection geometries is also given. This is an important aspect of any RAIM scheme and is necessary in order to achieve the desired detection probability. Preliminary estimates of RAIM availability are given.
Quantitative approximation of the cortical surface potential from EEG and ECoG measurements

A quantitative approximation of the cortical surface potential from measured scalp surface potential data is developed. The derivation is based on a local Taylor series expansion (TSE) in the surface normal coordinate. Analytical and numerical results for the four shell spherical head model show that the TSE method improves the spatial deblurring of the surface Laplacian method. The inclusion of the biharmonic term, the extension to other geometries, and the application to electrocorticogram measurements are discussed.
Tyee Formation: Undeformed Turbidites and their Lateral Equivalents:Mineralogy and Paleogeography

The facies and mineralogy of the Tyee Formation of middle Eocene age in the Oregon Coast Range are used to define a paleogeography of part of western Oregon. The formation consists largely of undeformed and unmetamorphosed sandstones, which would be called gray-wackes or wackes by most classifiers. It provides a rare example of a lateral transition from turbidite to nonturbidite sediments; a northern marine turbidite facies can be traced southward into a coeval nearer shore facies. Southern source areas of both the sedimentary material and the turbidity currents can be recognized.
Dynamic analyses of heavy vehicle with pitch-interconnected suspensions

The properties of three different pitch-interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspensions are systematically explored. The vertical and pitch mode properties of the proposed suspensions are derived through formulation and analysis of a generalised pitch plane model. The results suggest that the pitch-connected suspensions offer superior flexibility for enhancing the pitch mode properties, without affecting the bounce mode properties. The dynamic characteristics of the proposed pitch-connected suspensions are further evaluated for a two-axle heavy vehicle under braking and road inputs. The results demonstrate that the proposed pitch-connected suspensions could offer significant benefits in improving both the handling and ride qualities of heavy vehicles.
Emergency Ultrasound Diagnosis of Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome: Case Report

Abstract Background Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an exaggerated response to ovulation induction therapy. It is a known complication of ovarian stimulation in patients undergoing treatment for infertility. As assisted reproductive technology and the use of ovulation induction agents expands, it is likely that there will be more cases of OHSS presenting to the Emergency Department (ED). Objectives OHSS has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, from mild abdominal pain to severe cases where there is increased vascular permeability leading to significant fluid accumulation in body cavities and interstitial space. Severe cases may present to the ED with ascites, pericardial effusions, pleural effusions, and lower extremity edema. Through a case report, we review OHSS with an emphasis on early diagnosis by Emergency Physician (EP)-performed bedside ultrasonography. Case Report We present a case of a patient undergoing treatment for infertility who presented to the ED with shortness of breath and abdominal pain. The diagnosis of severe OHSS was made, largely based on EP-performed bedside ultrasonography showing peritoneal free fluid and bilateral pleural effusions, as well as multiple ovarian follicles. Conclusions This report reviews the pathophysiology of OHSS, its clinical features, and pertinent diagnostic and management issues. This report emphasizes the importance of early EP-performed bedside ultrasonography.
Automatically incorporating new sources in keyword search-based data integration

Scientific data offers some of the most interesting challenges in data integration today. Scientific fields evolve rapidly and accumulate masses of observational and experimental data that needs to be annotated, revised, interlinked, and made available to other scientists. From the perspective of the user, this can be a major headache as the data they seek may initially be spread across many databases in need of integration. Worse, even if users are given a solution that integrates the current state of the source databases, new data sources appear with new data items of interest to the user. Here we build upon recent ideas for creating integrated views over data sources using keyword search techniques, ranked answers, and user feedback [32] to investigate how to automatically discover when a new data source has content relevant to a user's view - in essence, performing automatic data integration for incoming data sets. The new architecture accommodates a variety of methods to discover related attributes, including label propagation algorithms from the machine learning community [2] and existing schema matchers [11]. The user may provide feedback on the suggested new results, helping the system repair any bad alignments or increase the cost of including a new source that is not useful. We evaluate our approach on actual bioinformatics schemas and data, using state-of-the-art schema matchers as components. We also discuss how our architecture can be adapted to more traditional settings with a mediated schema.
Gender differences in bipolar disorder

The presentation and course of bipolar disorder differs between women and men. The onset of bipolar disorder tends to occur later in women than men, and women more often have a seasonal pattern of the mood disturbance. Women experience depressive episodes, mixed mania, and rapid cycling more often than men. Bipolar II disorder, which is predominated by depressive episodes, also appears to be more common in women than men. Comorbidity of medical and psychiatric disorders is more common in women than men and adversely affects recovery from bipolar disorder more often in women. Comorbidity, particularly thyroid disease, migraine, obesity, and anxiety disorders occur more frequently in women than men, whereas substance use disorders are more common in men. Although the course and clinical features of bipolar disorder differ between women and men, there is no evidence that gender affects treatment response to mood stabilizers. However, women may be more susceptible to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Treatment of women during pregnancy and lactation is challenging because available mood stabilizers pose potential risks to the developing fetus and infant. Pregnancy neither protects nor exacerbates bipolar disorder, and many women require continuation of medication during the pregnancy. The postpartum period is a time of high risk for onset and recurrence of bipolar disorder in women, and prophylaxis with mood stabilizers might be needed. Individualized risk/benefit assessments of pregnant and postpartum women with bipolar disorder are required to promote the health of the woman and avoid or limit exposure of the fetus or infant to potential adverse effects of medication.
Putting Military Intervention into the Democratic Peace A Research Note

Although many empirical investigations have demonstrated that democracies almost never wage war against one another, there remains some doubt whether this empirical law applies to other kinds of armed conflict. The present research note combines two streams of evidence that speak to this question. Looking cross-nationally at the incidence of overt military intervention between 1974 and 1991, an inventory of 225 discrete cases is produced with the distributions disaggregated by regime type. Comparing initiators and targets dyadically, the study uncovers 51 instances in which democracies have used this form of coercive diplomacy to influence the policies and practices within other democratic states. Presenting the trends exhibited in these indicators and juxtaposing them with an alternative measure of intervention, this research communication advances some observations about the obstacles to convergence among research findings in the study of the democratic peace, and some hypotheses about the kinds of rese...
Comparison of Ultrasonic Corneal Thickness Measurements Before and During Surgery in the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratomy (PERK) Study

Central corneal thickness, determined by an ultrasonic pachymeter, was studied in one eye each of 395 patients enrolled in the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy (PERK) Study, to determine the changes in central corneal thickness between preoperative and intraoperative measurements. There was no statistical difference between the preoperative and the intraoperative measurement. However, 9.4% of the corneas were 0.03 to 0.08 mm thinner intraoperatively and 3.3% were 0.03 to 0.06 mm thicker intraoperatively, indicating that clinically meaningful changes in corneal thickness occurred between the preoperative and intraoperative measurements in some eyes. We conclude that the most reliable way to use ultrasonic pachymetry readings to set the length of the knife blade for radial keratotomy surgery is to measure the corneal thickness intraoperatively.
Visual curb localization for autonomous navigation

Percept-referenced commanding is an attractive paradigm for autonomous navigation over long distances. Rather than relying on precise prior environment maps and self-localization, this approach uses high-level primitives that refer to environmental features. The assumption is that the sensing and processing system onboard the robot should be able to extract such features reliably. In this context, we present an algorithm for the visual-based localization of curbs in an urban scenario. This represents a basic sensing capability that would enable behaviors such as "follow this road keeping at a certain distance from its edge". Our approach to curb localization relies on both photometry and range information (as obtained by stereopsis). Candidate image points are first selected using a combination of cues, and then input to a weighted Hough transform, which determines the line (or lines) that are most likely to belong to the curb's edge. Our experimental results show that, as long as the range data has acceptable quality, our system performs very robustly in real-world situations.
Laparoscopic splenorenal venous bypass for nutcracker syndrome

Nutcracker syndrome is a rare entity caused by extrinsic compression on the left renal vein as it crosses between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta. It can clinically present with flank pain and hematuria. Accepted treatments include open vascular bypass procedures or endoluminal stenting. We present the first description, to our knowledge, of a laparoscopic splenic vein-left renal vein bypass to relieve the outflow obstruction. The patient, a 29-year-old woman with debilitating left flank pain, presented with nutcracker syndrome. Left renal vein outflow was obstructed at the level of the intersection between the aorta and the superior mesenteric artery. The option of laparoscopic splenic to left renal vein bypass was discussed and performed. A five-port transperitoneal approach was used. Meticulous vascular control was achieved with numerous laparoscopic vascular bulldog clamps. With completely intracorporeal suturing techniques, the splenic vein was anastomosed to the superior aspect of the anterior left renal vein. Total warm ischemia time was 37 minutes. The anastomosis was watertight immediately upon unclamping. Interestingly, upon unclamping, the luminal diameter of the splenic vein appeared to increase to twice its native diameter. The proximal left renal vein appeared less distended, indicating preferential venous outflow through the newly created venous bypass. Blood loss was minimal, no intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred, and the patient's symptoms improved. This report continues to augment the indications for laparoscopic surgery in even complex, urologic vascular situations.
mSin3A/Histone Deacetylase 2- and PRMT5-Containing Brg1 Complex Is Involved in Transcriptional Repression of the Myc Target Gene cad

The role of hSWI/SNF complexes in transcriptional activation is well characterized; however, little is known about their function in transcriptional repression. We have previously shown that subunits of the mSin3A/histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) corepressor complex copurify with hSWI/SNF complexes. Here we show that the type II arginine-specific methyltransferase PRMT5, which is involved in cyclin E repression, can be found in association with Brg1 and hBrm-based hSWI/SNF complexes. We also show that hSWI/SNF-associated PRMT5 can methylate hypoacetylated histones H3 and H4 more efficiently than hyperacetylated histones H3 and H4. Protein-protein interaction studies indicate that PRMT5 and mSin3A interact with the same hSWI/SNF subunits as those targeted by c-Myc. These observations prompted us to examine the expression profile of the c-Myc target genes, carbamoyl-phosphate synthase-aspartate carbamoyltransferase-dihydroorotase (cad) and nucleolin (nuc). We found that cad repression is altered in cells that express inactive Brg1 and in cells treated with the HDAC inhibitor depsipeptide. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we found that Brg1, mSin3A, HDAC2, and PRMT5 are directly recruited to the cad promoter. These results suggest that hSWI/SNF complexes, through their ability to interact with activator and repressor proteins, control expression of genes involved in cell growth and proliferation.
Bursting Mechanisms in Molluskan Locomotion

Locomotion in animals almost invariably involves recurring bursts of impulses in motor neurones. In addition to the unsolved problems of mechanisms of patterning, and co-ordination, there remains the more fundamental issue of the origin of the membrane oscillations and the bursts themselves.
A simplified natural gradient learning algorithm

Adaptive natural gradient learning avoids singularities in the parameter space of multilayer perceptrons. However, it requires a larger number of additional parameters than ordinary backpropagation in the form of the Fisher information matrix. This article describes a new approach to natural gradient learning that uses a smaller Fisher information matrix. It also uses a prior distribution on the neural network parameters and an annealed learning rate. While this new approach is computationally simpler, its performance is comparable to that of Adaptive natural gradient learning.
Numerical Simulation of the Airflow Over Barbados

Abstract A hydrostatic three-dimensional primitive equation model, which includes topography and detailed boundary layer parameterization, has been developed to simulate the lower tropospheric flow overv Barbados on synoptically undisturbed days. Observations indicate that on such days island precipitation shows a distinct nighttime maximum. Using observed data for the initial conditions, the model is fast integrated to a steady-state solution, whereupon a diurnal temperature wave is imposed on the island surface. Three experiments are run: 1) with a realistic representation of the terrain and shape of Barbados, 2) with no terrain but a realistic shape, and 3) with a cross section of Barbados where three-dimensional asymmetries of terrain and coastline are ignored. Results indicate that topography is an important factor in the modification of low-level flow over Barbados, only in a three-dimensional reputation don upward motion develop downwind of the west coast, as observed, and the nocturnal rainfall ma...
Mechanisms of Bacterial Transcription Termination: All Good Things Must End

Transcript termination is essential for accurate gene expression and the removal of RNA polymerase (RNAP) at the ends of transcription units. In bacteria, two mechanisms are responsible for proper transcript termination: intrinsic termination and Rho-dependent termination. Intrinsic termination is mediated by signals directly encoded within the DNA template and nascent RNA, whereas Rho-dependent termination relies upon the adenosine triphosphate-dependent RNA translocase Rho, which binds nascent RNA and dissociates the elongation complex. Although significant progress has been made in understanding these pathways, fundamental details remain undetermined. Among those that remain unresolved are the existence of an inactivated intermediate in the intrinsic termination pathway, the role of Rho–RNAP interactions in Rho-dependent termination, and the mechanisms by which accessory factors and nucleoid-associated proteins affect termination. We describe current knowledge, discuss key outstanding questions, and hi...
Geomydoecus (Mallophaga: Trichodectidae) from the Central American Pocket Gophers of the Subgenus Orthogeomys (Rodentia: Geomyidae)

Four species of Geomydoecus from pocket gopher subspecies of the species Orthogeomys (Orthogeomys) grandis (Thomas) are described and illustrated: G. jonesi Price and Emerson (type host: O. g. felipensis Nelson and Goldman), G. alleni Price and Emerson (type host: O. g. alleni Nelson and Goldman), G. chiapensis Price and Emerson (type host: O. g. grandis ), and the new species G. pygacanthi (type host: O. g. pygacanthus Dickey). A key is provided for the identification of these four species.
Circulating matrix metalloproteinases in children with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Background and objective Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) mediate blood–brain barrier dysfunction in inflammatory disease states. Our objective was to compare circulating MMPs in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) to children with type 1 diabetes mellitus without DKA. Research design and methods This was a prospective study performed at five tertiary-care pediatric hospitals. We measured plasma MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 early during DKA (time 1; within 2 h of beginning intravenous fluids) and during therapy (time 2; median 8 h; range: 4–16 h). The primary outcome was MMP levels in 34 children with DKA vs. 23 children with type 1 diabetes without DKA. Secondary outcomes included correlations between MMPs and measures of DKA severity. Results In children with DKA compared with diabetes controls, circulating MMP-2 levels were lower (mean 77 vs. 244 ng/mL, p < 0.001), MMP-3 levels were similar (mean 5 vs. 4 ng/mL, p = 0.57), and MMP-9 levels were higher (mean 67 vs. 25 ng/mL, p = 0.002) early in DKA treatment. MMP-2 levels were correlated with pH at time 1 (r = 0.45, p = 0.018) and time 2 (r = 0.47, p = 0.015) and with initial serum bicarbonate at time 2 (r = 0.5, p = 0.008). MMP-9 levels correlated with hemoglobin A1c in DKA and diabetes controls, but remained significantly elevated in DKA after controlling for hemoglobin A1c (β = −31.3, p = 0.04). Conclusions Circulating MMP-2 levels are lower and MMP-9 levels are higher in children during DKA compared with levels in children with diabetes without DKA. Alterations in MMP expression could mediate BBB dysfunction occurring during DKA.
Phosphorus Metabolism. VII. Course of Phosphorus in Alimentary Tract of the Rat

ConclusionsThere is a considerable secretion of P compounds into the intestinal lumen through the wall. This holds not only for phospholipids but particularly also for inorganic phosphates. The intestinal content does not show any decided change in the concentration of total P, organic acid-soluble- or inorganic-P, on the different diets or when fasting for 24 hours. The concentration of lipid P, however, is just definitely higher on the high-fat meal, and definitely lower on the low-fat meal.
Water and Business: A Taxonomy and Review of the Research:

Why should business care about water? Water is a common-pool resource, critical to many business operations, which faces depletion if not sustainably managed. Based on popular and trade press and a...
Experimental and analytical methods to determine minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) for Bakken formation crude oil

Abstract The Bakken is one of the shale reservoirs that has been discovered to hold a vast amount of resource and is contributing to the production boom in the US. This unconventional reservoir, like most others, displays favorable initial production rates due to stimulation by hydraulic fracturing, but production rates quickly decline after few months. Due to the extremely low permeability and low recoveries, miscible gas injection is considered for improving the recovery of oil in the Bakken formation. Feasibility of miscible gas injection in the Bakken would depend on the analysis of minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) experiments. The Rising Bubble Apparatus (RBA) has been chosen for the purpose of these experiments. The RBA provides results in a short amount of time using small amounts of fluid samples. The RBA consists of a cell gage containing a flat glass tube where oil samples are placed and an injection needle where gas is injected into the flat glass tube. To simulate reservoir conditions, the glass tube is pressurized using de-ionized water, and heating plates surrounding the cell are used to regulate temperature. Visual observation of the injected gas bubble behavior is captured by a camera as it rises and moves upward along the oil column. By observing the shape and dissolution behavior of the bubble, the MMP can be determined. MMP results from a Bakken crude sample are shown to range from 2100 to 3500 psi at temperatures from 160 to 240 °F using CO2 as the injection fluid. Other injection fluids such as nitrogen and hydrocarbon gases have been tested and also provided reasonable MMP values. MMP results from Bakken crude oil samples were compared to existing correlations, and the correlations were found to produce mostly unreliable MMP results for the Bakken oils evaluated in the study. On the other hand, an equation of state phase behavior program showed similarities with the RBA MMP results. The impact of different injection fluids, inclusive of CO2 and enriched hydrocarbon gases is the subject of this study. MMP results are influenced by the choice of injection fluids, providing valuable information for economic production and increased recovery in the Bakken formation. The results from this study provide a range of MMP data that can be used in planning pilot tests for miscible gas injection in the Bakken.
Numerical Study and Remould of Water Side in Condenser

By introducing porous media,the article calculate and analyse the steam flow and heat transfer of a two-pass condenser,using the k-e turbulence model and the two-dimensional numerical calculation method.As for the condenser water side of the design flaws,there are whirlpool and mobile dead zone,put forward in the water chamber before and after the installation of condenser plate,front and rear of condenser water flow to the boot room to improve.Improvements,the condenser water side of the vortex flow and liquidity disappeared completely dead,condenser water flow swirl chamber and the flow dead zone disappears,flow resistance decreased,the water side is more reasonable distribution of cooling water,condenser heat transfer effects are The increase.
Modeling of Energy Storage Yb:YAG Lasers and Amplifiers

Pumping models for quasi-three-leve1 lasers are used to show that the optical efficiency of Q-switched YbYAG lasers should be at least as high as diode-pumped NdYAG lasers if properly designed. The impact of quasi-three level laser transition on the design of cwpumped repetitively Q-switched lasers is analyzsd and it has been found that
Using Concept Maps to Explore the Impacts of a Learning-Cycle-Based Sustainability Module Implemented in Two Institutional Contexts

AbstractBecause engineers are responsible for the design phase of projects where decisions impacting sustainability are most effectively made, it is important to ensure that students are equipped with the necessary conceptual knowledge to engage in sustainable design. Consequently, undergraduate engineering curricula are being reformed to address sustainability-related concepts and topics. In addition, previous work has demonstrated that beyond curricular content, innovative pedagogical approaches are also important for enhancing student learning. The goal of this work was to examine the impact of a learning-cycle-based sustainability module on students’ conceptual understanding of sustainability in two varying institutional contexts. The module was integrated into the first course in the capstone design sequence at James Madison University, where sustainability was incorporated throughout the curriculum. The module was also integrated into a capstone design course at the Georgia Institute of Technology, ...
Using event-related potentials to study the effects of chronic exercise on cognitive function

In recent years, advancements in neuroscientific methods have led to considerable progress with regard to the nature of the relationship between exercise and cognitive function. This review focuses on several components of the event-related potential (ERP) and how they can be successfully used to better understand subtle aspects of cognition that may be influenced by regular exercise participation. A select review of research that has incorporated ERPs to study the relationship between chronic exercise participation or cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function is presented followed by a brief overview of important methodological considerations when using the ERP technique. Future directions for the application of ERPs to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of chronic exercise on cognitive function are offered.
Problematic Differential Diagnoses in Paranasal Sinus Tumor Histopathology

The sinonasal tract (paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity) is a particularly challenging anatomic subsite for surgical pathologists to evaluate. The stakes for the patient are high, because radically different treatment decisions are entirely dependent on a precise histopathologic diagnosis. Unfortunately, pitfalls abound in dealing with these neoplasms. This manuscript serves as an updated review of three specific differential diagnoses for tumors encountered in the sinonasal tract: the glandular proliferation, the inverted squamous neoplasm, and the small round blue cell tumor. An awareness of these challenging differential diagnoses coupled with a careful diagnostic approach will allow pathologists to arrive at the correct diagnosis.
Młodzi, przyszłość i wiara

W krajach zachodnich mlodziez i wiara nie wydają sie byc blisko siebie. Początkow tego zjawiska nalezy dopatrywac sie w „proteście lat sześcdziesiątych”, przelomu ktory spowodowal odwrocenie sie wielu mlodych ludzi od Kościola katolickiego. Rownocześnie wywolal on potrzebe promocji edukacji chrześcijanskiej i opieki nad mlodziezą ze strony Kościola katolickiego. Niniejszy artykul, w ramach edukacyjnej propozycji, uzasadnia jak wazne jest, aby pomagac mlodym ludziom odkrywac wiare chrześcijanską, jako istotną dla ich zycia, przynoszącą poczucie wolności oraz dającą mozliwośc pozytywnego patrzenia w przyszlośc. Wiara i przyszlośc bowiem wiązą sie ściśle ze sobą. W rzeczywistości, bycie wolnym nie oznacza mozliwości wyboru spośrod wielu opcji, jesteśmy wolni jedynie kiedy wybieramy dobro. Postawa ta polega na zdolności do zachowania wlasnego zycia, ale jest to mozliwe tylko wtedy, gdy ktoś nie zyje wylącznie dniem dzisiejszym, lecz widzi przed sobą swoją przyszlośc. Wiara chrześcijanska jest niezbedna, aby czlowiek, zwlaszcza mlody, dostrzegl, ze istnieje przyszlośc, nawet jeśli zyjemy w niepewności, jak to sie dzieje dzisiaj, poniewaz Bog chrześcijanski to „Ten, ktory jest i ktory byl, i ktory ma przyjśc” (Ap 1,8). Z tego powodu wiara w Jezusa daje motywacje do zachowania siebie samego.
Coordinative control strategy of virtual inertia and primary frequency of DFIGs based wind farms

The mechanical parts of doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) is decoupled from electrical parts, which makes the output active power hard to respond the frequency change of power grid, it becomes a new challenge to frequency stability of power grid with large scale wind power grid integration. A coordinative control strategy of virtual inertia and primary frequency of DFIGs based wind farms is given, and its principle is analyzed in the paper. The primary frequency control is a slow process, which is mainly implemented by control level of DFIGs based wind farms, and the DFIGs is cooperative. The virtual inertia control is a fast process, which is only implemented by control level of DFIGs. The theoretical analysis and time domain simulation show that the proposed control strategy can guarantee the frequency stability of power grid with large scale wind power integration.
Transition to success on the model room task: the importance of improvements in working memory.

Previous work has shown that children under age 3 often perform very poorly on the model room task, in which they are asked to find a hidden toy based on its location in a scale model. One prominent theory for their failure is that they lack the ability to understand the model as both a physical object and as a symbolic representation of the larger room. A hypothesized additional component is that they need to overcome weak, competing representations of where the object was on a previous trial, and where it is in the present trial, in order to succeed in their search. Children aged 33-39 months were tested on the model room task, as well as on measures of cognitive inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory. Results showed that performance on the model room task was not predicted by measures of inhibitory control or cognitive flexibility, but was predicted by performance on the Delayed Recognition Span Test (DRST), a measure of working memory. These findings lend support to the theory of competing representations and demonstrate the necessity of updating and maintaining strong representations in working memory to succeed in the search task.
Advancing the Discourse: Disability and BDSM

Reproduction and sexual functionality have been the primary focus of existing research on sex and disability. Exploring sexual satisfaction in the disabled population is often overlooked by researchers, where discourse on alternative sexuality within this population is almost non-existent. Furthermore, the historical pathologizing and continuing stigmatization of bondage, discipline, dominance, submission, and sadomasochism (BDSM) practices in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) creates a unique population of people that are cast out from the public and academic dissertation. This not only further disregards the sexual freedom and satisfaction of persons with disabilities, but halts the forward progression of research to better understand and work with alternative sexuality and disability. This paper aims to bring together the literature on disability and BDSM to highlight their unique characteristics and demonstrate the need for further involvement in the exploration and legitimacy of this population.
Effect of Nonionic Surfactants on Dispersion and Polar Interactions in the Adsorption of Cellulases onto Lignin

Residual lignin in pretreated biomass impedes enzymatic hydrolysis. Nonionic surfactants are known to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass but their mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. This study investigates the effect of a nonionic surfactant, Tween 80, on the adsorption of cellulases onto model lignin substrates. Lignin substrates were prepared by spin coating of flat substrates with three different types of lignin: organosolv lignin, kraft lignin, and milled wood lignin. The functional group distributions in the lignins were quantitatively analyzed by 31P NMR spectroscopy. The surface energies and surface roughnesses of the substrates were determined by contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Tween 80 and cellulase adsorption onto the lignin substrates was analyzed with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring. Tween 80 adsorbed rapidly and primarily (≥85%) via dispersion interactions onto the lignin substrates and eff...
Strategies for the Effective Use of NVivo in a Large-Scale Study: Qualitative Analysis and the Repeal of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell:

The use of qualitative data analysis software (QDAS) has expanded over the last two decades, with new technology allowing researchers to analyze more data, faster, and in more complex ways. However...
Selection in mutant populations of wheat

Abstract Several base populations were constructed of two wheat cultivars with gamma rays and fast neutrons by selecting single plants randomly in the M2 generation grown in 1976–1977. Mass selection was applied to the base populations and the 25% highest yielding single plants were selected. The progeny rows of the selected single plants were grown as M3 and M4 generations for two years. A total of 51 mutant lines, selected at the end of progeny testing, were grown during 1979–1980 and 24 mutants were selected. The 24 mutant lines originating from Akoz and Siete Cerros were tested in a micro-yield trial in 1980–1981. Three mutant lines were found promising for yielding capacity and they were promoted to uniform yield trials.