cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nitrile Glove Permeation of Benomyl

The aim of this study was to investigate permeation of the fungicide benomyl at its highest field application concentration (0.70 mg/mL) in Benlate 50 WP aqueous solution (1.4 mg/mL) through two types of unsupported and unlined nitrile gloves--a disposable latex glove (Safeskin) and an industrial chemical-resistant glove (Solvex)--using an American Society for Testing and Materials (ATSM)-type permeation cell with isopropanol collection medium. The permeation cell was contained in a moving-tray water bath at 30.0 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C. The collection medium was evaporated and the residue derivatized with an optimized method (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro)benzyl bromide to form the disubstituted derivative of carbendazim (CARB), CARB.2PFB. The latter in isooctane was then quantified by gas chromatography- 63Ni-electron capture detection (GC-ECD) by the internal standard method. GC-ECD, GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and reflectance infrared investigations showed that little degradation of benomyl occurred in the challenge solution of aqueous Benlate during an 8-hour exposure period. Benomyl was collected as a mixture of CARB and benomyl as shown by the presence of a diagnostic chromatographic peak identified by GC-MS. The amounts permeated during the same time period were always higher for Safeskin than for Solvex gloves, with the latter being approximately 18 times more protective than the former after 8 hours of continuous exposure. Although the Solvex gloves were safe to wear at least for 4 hours and for almost 8 hours, the ASTM breakthrough threshold was used as reference and thus ignored carcinogenic effects. Reflectance infrared investigations detected benomyl and CARB on the glove challenge surface after drying and confirmed that the cleaned glove surfaces after permeation experiments did not differ in infrared reflectance spectra from the corresponding surfaces just before the permeation experiments.
Correlations of computed simulations with residual hardness mappings and microstructural observations of high velocity and hypervelocity impact craters in copper

An AUTODYN 2D (version 3.0), PC-compatible hydrocode utilizing Lagrangian and Eulerian processors (the latter including a fracture criterion) with a Johnson-Cook constitutive relationship has been applied to simulating experimentally developed impact craters in 1.3 cm thick OFHC copper targets for 1100 aluminium spheres (nominally 3.2 mm diameter) impacting at velocities ranging from 1.08 to 6.01 km/s. Good validation was achieved not only for crater dimensions but especially for the simulation of crater shapes and other features - including fractured or particulated crater rims, target spallation at 4.4 and 6.01 km/s and residual stress contours extending from the crater wall; which were related to residual, experimental hardness profiles and crater-related microstructures observed by optical and transmission electron microscopy. This comprehensive validation of 2D hydrocode simulations allowed extrapolations for impact craters well into the hypervelocity regime : 12 and 24 km/s, where dynamic recrystallization was demonstrated to contribute significantly to hypervelocity impact crater formation.
Talent, Special Ability, and Hemispheric Processing

The role talent training and special ability may play in hemispheric functioning is discussed. Further research on hemispheric processing from the perspective of cognitive strength as well as deficit is suggested.
Visual egta titration of calcium in the,presence of magnesium

The successive visual chelometric determination of both calcium and magnesium has always involved a precipitation step for one of these metal ions. This step is eliminated by titration with the chelon, ethylene glycol-bis-(β-aminoethyl ether)-n:n'-tetra-acetic acid (EGTA), which ehelates calcium selectively, and by using zincon as indicator with added zinc-EGTA as indicator sensitiser. Magnesium is then determined by titration with ethylene-(dinitrilo)-tetra-acetic acid in the same solution after adding potassium cyanide and Eriochrome Black T indicator. Mixtures of zinc, calcium and magnesium may be successively determined by a similar procedure where first the zinc is titrated with tetra-ethylenepentamine using zincon as indicator. The theoretical treatment of the large number of equilibria involved are represented in an easily digestible manner with the pY-pH diagrams.
Some remarks about capillary condensation and pore structure analysis

Abstract Adsorption and desorption isotherms of nitrogen are widely used for the determination of the pore structures of adsorbents, catalysts, and other porous solids. Recently, the present authors published a paper in which they offered two new methods of pore structure analysis. These methods, like the previous ones, employ the capillary condensation region of the isotherms for the analysis—the region in which the adsorption and desorption isotherms differ from each other. The considerations advanced in the present paper attempt to answer the questions ( a ) why in most instances the desorption isotherm, but in certain instances the adsorption isotherm, gives better results for pore structure analysis; ( b ) what are the advantages of the two new methods over those presently employed; and ( c ) why the cylindrical pore shape idealizations used by most investigators frequently give reasonable results.
Cartan-Kähler Theory

In the first two chapters, we have seen how problems in differential geometry and partial differential equations can often be recast as problems about integral manifolds of appropriate exterior differential systems. Moreover, in differential geometry, particularly in the theory and applications of the moving frame and Cartan’s method of equivalence, the problems to be studied often appear naturally in the form of an exterior differential system anyway.
Formation of a Protective Layer During the Hydration of Cement

The mechanism for the slow rate of reaction between portland cement and water during the early stage is not well understood, but it probably is controlled by either the rate that the reactants diffuse through a barrier that surrounds the unreacted cement grains or by the rate that nuclei of the stable product form and grow or by both rates. New evidence using environmental scanning electron microscopy is presented about the structure of a layer that forms around the particles of cement. Preliminary observations that relate mixing to the structure of the layer are also presented.
Decomposing RTT-unfairness in transport protocols

In this paper, we consider RTT-unfairness in most existing end-to-end congestion-control protocols, in which transfers with smaller RTTs are allocated a higher share of the bottleneck bandwidth. We consider the congestion-control mechanisms used by TCP NewReno and identify three aspects that introduce an RTT-based bias in different ways. Past attempts at alleviating RTT-unfairness mostly consider only one of these aspects. We use a first-principles approach for deriving a set of simple scaling factors that can be used to remove the RTT-bias. We conduct empirical evaluations to study how fair in practice would be a hypothetical protocol that employs all of these scaling factors. We discuss the practicality of implementing such a protocol.
Transcriptional control of Pactolus: evidence of a negative control region and comparison with its evolutionary paralogue, CD18 (β2 integrin)

The mouse Pactolus and CD18 genes are highly conserved paralogues. The expression patterns of these genes are diverse in that most cells of hematopoietic lineage express CD18, but Pactolus is only expressed by maturing neutro- phils. The minimal promoters of these two genes are homologous, including the conservation of two tandem PU.1-binding sites upstream of the transcriptional start site. To define the means by which these two structurally similar but function- ally distinct promoters operate, a series of re- porter assays, electrophoretic mobility shift as- say (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses, were performed. Transfection of Pac- tolus constructs into mouse macrophages, which do not express Pactolus, defined a negative con- trol element within the first 100 base pairs. The presence of this negative regulatory site, distinct from the PU.1-binding site, was confirmed by EMSA oligonucleotide competition and gene re- porter assays of Pactolus/CD18 chimeric con- structs. Although PU.1 binding can be detected on Pactolus and CD18 minimal promoter seg- ments with EMSA, only the CD18 promoter shows PU.1 binding in vivo, suggesting that the negative regulatory protein may block PU.1 from binding to the Pactolus promoter, thus in- hibiting transcription of the gene. Sequence anal- ysis of the negative control region in the Pactolus promoter suggested potential control by Snail and/or Smad families of transcription regulators. EMSA supershift analysis with antibodies against these proteins, using extracts from macrophages and mucosal mast cells, identified specific bind- ing of Smuc to the promoter element, including a Smuc/PU.1/DNA trimeric complex. These data implicate Smuc as blocking Pactolus transcrip- tion in cells expressing PU.1 (and CD18) but not Pactolus. J. Leukoc. Biol. 80: 383-398; 2006.
Compensator design for stability enhancement with collocated controllers: explicit solutions

The author (ibid., vol.36, no.9, pp.994-1007, Sept. 1991) formulated and solved an optimal linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) problem for stability enhancement for flexible structures with collocated controllers and constructed an approximate realization of the compensator. An explicit closed-form solution for the compensator transfer function is obtained here. It is positive real but nonrational. >
Acute effects of oral propranolol on hemodynamic responses to upright exercise

Noninvasive measurements of maximal oxygen intake and invasive measurement of systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, arterial and mixed venous oxygen contents and direct Fick cardiac output are reported for 3 healthy men and 14 men with coronary heart disease. Observations were obtained at supine and sitting rest, during graded levels of upright exercise on a treadmill up to symptom-limited maximal effort and in two periods of recovery. The effects of 40 mg of propranolol orally were ascertained by repeating the measurements 1 to 1 1/2 hours later. The most consistent effect of propranolol was reduction of pressure-rate products at all phases; slowing of heart rate was significant only during exercise and recovery, and the greater slowing was accompanied by a significant increase in stroke volume. These changes were similar in patients with and without evidence of left ventricular impairment greater than 15 percent on exercise testing. Maximal oxygen intake decreased in healthy subjects and decreased slightly in patients with coronary heart disease with less than 15 percent left ventricular impairment or percent deviation of pressure-rate product from age-predicted normal values during the control study. Maximal oxygen intake increased in patients with more than 15 percent left ventricular impairment. Arterial-mixed venous oxygen difference increased after propranolol because of a reduction of mixed-venous oxygen content attributed to greater peripheral extraction of oxygen.
STUDIES ON THE PNEUMONIC EXUDATE : IV. THE PRESENCE IN THE PNEUMONIC LUNG OF A SOLUBLE SUBSTANCE INHIBITING AGGLUTINATION BY THE HOMOLOGOUS SERUM.

Specific agglutinins for the homologous pneumococcus are lacking or present only in small amount in the pneumonic exudates due to the fixed types of pneumococci. Suspensions of fixed types of pneumococci in the supernatant fluid obtained after centrifuging the mash of the pneumonic lung give positive agglutination tests in dilutions not higher than equal parts of suspension and supernatant fluid (1:2). The pneumonic lung contains a soluble substance inhibiting agglutination of the fixed types of pneumococci by the homologous antipneumococcus serum.
Metabolism of Progesterone by Rat Testicular Homogenates. IV. Further Studies of Testosterone Formation in Immature Testis in Vitro

Testicular homogenates from Sprague-Dawley rats of 7, 15, 20, 30 and 90 days of age were incubated with progesterone-l,2-3H for 15, 30 and 180 min. Radioactive metabolites were extracted and isolated by thin-layer chromatography and derivative formation. Testosterone and 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol were further identified by crystallization to constant specific activity and derivative formation. Testicular homogenates from 7- and 90-day-old rats converted up to 61% of progesterone to testosterone. Between 15 and 30 days of age, testosterone accumulation from progesterone dropped to trace amounts, while 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol formation reached 70% of the total radioactivity. When similar testicular homogenates from 20-day-old rats were incubated for 15 and 30 min in the presence of added testosterone carrier (120 or 240 μg/g tissue), 52% of progesterone was converted to testosterone, and only 13% to 5αandrostane- 3α,17β-diol. Even in the presence of high concentrations of testosterone carrier, labeled tes...
Experiments with various recurrent neural network architectures for handwritten character recognition

This paper reports evaluations of several neural architectures when the handwritten character recognition is approached as a problem of spectro-temporal pattern recognition. In general, neural networks specialize in learning either the spectral or temporal characteristics of patterns. However, choice of appropriate features and architectures could lead to obtaining both spectral and temporal characteristics from the handwritten character patterns. One such feature and three appropriate architectures are the focus of this paper. The results obtained during a limited set of experiments indicate a great potential for the spectro-temporal approach to be a useful contender for being a part of schemes of handwritten character recognition systems. In addition, a simple voting method is presented for collaborative character recognition using three different recognition criteria. >
Adolescent self-perception: associations with chronic musculoskeletal pain and functional disability.

Abstract Associations among pain, functional disability, and self-perceived competence were examined in a retrospective record review of the initial clinical evaluations of 115 adolescents (ages 13 to 18 years) with chronic musculoskeletal pain not associated with a specific organic cause. Adolescents self-reported on pain intensity, functional disability, and 9 developmentally relevant domains of self-perceived competence, using the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents (Harter, 1988). Results confirmed a relation between usual pain intensity and functional disability ( r = 0.47, P Perspective Adolescents with chronic pain syndromes can face significant challenges in accomplishing developmental goals with respect to the pain and disability they experience. Perceptions of self-worth appear to play an important role in understanding the relation between pain and functional disability among adolescents with chronic pain.
3-Year Follow-up of Clinical and Behavioral Improvements Following a Multifaceted Diabetes Care Intervention Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine if improvements observed in clinical, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes measured at 12 months following a multifaceted diabetes care interventi...
Developing a sense of belonging in the classroom: community college students taking courses on a four-year college campus

AbstractIn 2005, Louisiana implemented the Master Plan for Public Postsecondary Education: 2001 (Board of Regents, State of Louisiana, 2001) to restructure its higher education system in an effort to provide its citizens with high quality postsecondary educational choices. This restructuring forced its two-year and four-year institutions to redesign their developmental education programs. Subsequently, several two-year institutions partnered with four-year institutions to offer developmental courses on the four-year college campuses. However, little is known about the experiences of the two-year students in these settings, especially as they relate to classroom experiences. Thus, this phenomenological study explored the academic-social experiences of 20 students enrolled at the two-year college and taking classes at a four-year institution. The study was done in hopes of garnering a better understanding of factors that impact integration and persistence. This article focuses on how the students developed ...
Effect of Trained and Untrained Testers upon the Administration of Grip Strength Tests

Abstract In this study, scores obtained from two administrations of the test of right grip given to college freshman physical education majors by trained and untrained testers were compared. Trained and untrained testers were equally effective in the administration of the test of right grip. No statistically significant differences were found between testers, between trials, or between the interaction of trials and testers.
Three-dimensional Echocardiography of Right Ventricular Function Correlates with Severity of Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension.

Background Right ventricular function and biomarkers of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-Terminal pro-BNP (NT pro-BNP) are used to determine the severity of right ventricular failure and outcomes from pulmonary hypertension. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is a novel quantitative measure of the right ventricle and decreases the geometric assumptions from conventional two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). We correlated right ventricular functional measures using 2DE and single-beat 3DE with biomarkers and hemodynamics to determine the severity of pediatric pulmonary hypertension. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 35 patients (mean age 12.67 ± 5.78 years) with established pulmonary hypertension who had echocardiograms and biomarkers on the same day. Ten out of 35 patients had hemodynamic evaluation within 3 days. 2DE evaluation included tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), right ventricular myocardial performance index from tissue Doppler imaging (RV TDI MPI), and right ventricular fractional area change (FAC). Three-dimensional echocardiography evaluation included right ventricular ejection fraction (EF), end-systolic volume, and end-diastolic volume. The quality of the 3DE was graded as good, fair, or poor. Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized to evaluate between biomarkers and echocardiographic parameters and between hemodynamics and echocardiography. Results Three-dimensional echocardiography and FAC correlated significantly with BNP and NT pro-BNP. TAPSE and RV TDI MPI did not correlate significantly with biomarkers. 3D right ventricular EF correlated significantly with hemodynamics. Two-dimensional echocardiography did not correlate with hemodynamics. Conclusions Single-beat 3DE is a noninvasive, feasible tool in the quantification of right ventricular function and maybe more accurate than conventional 2DE in evaluating severity of pulmonary hypertension.
Complex Symmetric Composition Operators on $H^2$

Abstract In this paper, we find complex symmetric composition operators on the classical Hardy space H 2 whose symbols are linear-fractional but not automorphic. In doing so, we answer a recent question of Noor, and partially answer the original problem posed by Garcia and Hammond.
Continuing Professional Development in Law Schools

Tenure provides stability for academic institutions and for professors. Stability allows faculty flexibility in its research and the school saves money by not subjecting the faculty to review processes. Schools, nevertheless, engage in post tenure review to foster professional development by assessing the faculty member’s strength and weaknesses and, in some cases, hold the faculty member accountable. This is partially due to the pressures placed on schools to become national schools not matter where they are located. Holding faculty responsible for their lack of production does not necessarily change the habits of tenured faculty members. Deans are all but helpless in this regard. The article argues that accountability must shift to the faculty members themselves to hold each other accountable. While this may come at a cost, and some will argue that it may not work, the school must be accountable to the student and must let them know that it takes their concerns over the quality of education seriously. This article also provides the elements of an effective policy for reviewing tenured professors and gives an example for how faculty are evaluated and the inherent issues involved in such evaluation.The purpose of this article is to show that we are caught in an unproductive debate about post-tenure review, when what we should be focused on is a more productive discussion about how to encourage professional development beyond tenure. Perhaps as importantly in a system of life tenure, faculty and institutions both have an obligation to have a system of professional development that ensures that faculty evolve as the institution evolves. Having said that, however, it is instructive to at least know the justification for and the criticisms of tenure since it underlies the entire debate. Continuing professional development is as critical in legal education as any other profession. The law school administration and the faculty have a joint interest in providing a fair and effective mechanism to make this happen. This proposal merely attempts to present a pragmatic, workable method to accomplish the goal.
Better Living Through Technology

In this brief response to Mark Coeckelbergh’s contribution, I demonstrate how the author introduces an important shift in the way we approach technology. Instead of focusing on the new and often-times dramatic existential vulnerabilities supposedly introduced by technological innovation, Coeckelbergh targets the way technology already transforms our existential vulnerabilities. And I show how this shift in focus has three very important consequences: (1) a different way to ask about and investigate the question concerning technology, (2) the importance of hacking as a mode of responding to this question and (3) the significance of questioning as a philosophical project.
A SIMULATION MODEL FOR THE LIFE- TIME OF WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

In this paper we present a model for the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. The model takes into consideration several parameters such as the total number of sensors, network size, percentage of sink nodes, location of sensors, the mobility of sensors, and power consumption. A definition of the life time of the network based on three different criteria is introduced; percentage of available power to total power, percentage of alive sensors to total sensors, and percentage of alive sink sensors to total sink sensors. A Matlab based simulator is developed for the introduced model. A number of wireless sensor networks scenarios are presented and discussed.
Singapore and the Intersections of Neoliberal Globalization and Postcoloniality

Although rapid economic development has long been a cornerstone of the Singaporean experience, the primary focus in this editorial introduction is the relationship between Singapore's neoliberal economy and its postcolonial history. This special issue on Singapore comes at the height of its global economic reputation and at a moment when its cultural production increasingly interrogates the intersections of social inequality, capital and migrant labour. Our introduction and our contributors’ essays both map and interrogate Singapore as an exceptional yet indicative space where national, postcolonial and global discourses intersect in both determinative and discordant ways.
Grasshopper Baits, with Special Reference to Sodium Arsenite

Experimental work with grasshopper baits was carried on over a period of three years with a two-fold purpose in view, first, to determine the merits, under Colorado conditions, of the ingredients commonly used in standard grasshopper baits; and second, to find a more practical killing agent than white arsenic. Amyl acetate and salt arc essential elements of an efficient grasshopper bait. A combination of bran, arsenic and water only, gave surprisingly good results, but not. good enough for practical usage. The value of expensive molasses is doubtful. Only when cheap sugar beet refuse molasses can be obtained does it seem justifiable to include it. The substitution of 50% by bulk of sawdust in place of bran in baits to. be used on lands of low productive value per acre, is recommended. .Fermentation of the bait to replace the use of amyl acetate gave poor results when used for our economic species of A crididae but excellent results in the case of A navrus simplex. The superiority of sodium arsenite over white arsenic was established by two years of experimentation and its extensive use in two large epidemics of grasshoppers. As a killing agent, it is fully as efficient as the best mixed white arsenic and is more practical in mixing, cost and handling.
COMPARISON BETWEEN TINNITUS HANDICAP INVENTORY AND VISUALANALOGUE SCALE OF ACUTE TINNITUS PATIENTS

Objective To study the application of THI and VAS in patients with acute tinnitus. Methods Acute tinnitus was classified according to THI and VAS before and after treatment,and both scores were compared. Results Tinnitus assessment scores were significantly reduced after treatment. There was correlation between VAS and THI scores in patients with sudden hearing loss and tinnitus. Decreased THI and VAS scores was not dependent on gender and age of patients and frequency and loudness of tinnitus(p 0. 05). Conclusion THI and VAS scores are useful for the assessment of tinnitus severity in patients with acute tinnitus.
Studies of phenytoin binding to human serum albumin by high-performance affinity chromatography

High-performance affinity chromatography was used to study the binding of phenytoin to an immobilized human serum albumin (HSA) column. This was accomplished through frontal analysis and competitive binding zonal elution experiments, the latter of which used four probe compounds for the major and minor binding sites of HSA injected into the presence of mobile phases containing known concentrations of phenytoin. It was found that phenytoin can interact with HSA at the warfarin-azapropazone, indole-benzodiazepine, tamoxifen, and digitoxin sites of this protein. The association constants for phenytoin at the indole-benzodiazepine and digitoxin sites were determined to be 1.04 (+/-0.05) x 10(4)M(-1) and 6.5 (+/-0.6) x 10(3)M(-1), respectively, at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. Both allosteric interactions and direct binding for phenytoin appear to take place at the warfarin-azapropazone and tamoxifen sites. This rather complex binding system indicates the importance of identifying the binding regions on HSA for specific drugs as a means for understanding the transport of such substances in blood and in characterizing their potential for drug-drug interactions.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization in cardiovascular disease

Many human diseases are associated with cytogenetic abnormalities or chromosomal disorders including translocations, deletions, duplications, inversions, and other complicated chromosomal changes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), a technique involving hybridization of labeled probes to chromosomes and detection of hybridization via fluorochromes, has become a popular method for identification and characterization of cytogenetic abnormalities. For FISH analysis, metaphase chromosomes are prepared by mitotic arrest and hypotonic shock, and denatured. Hybridization of digoxigenin- or biotin-labeled probes to these chromosomes is visualized using fluorochromes like fluorescein isothiocyanate and Texas Red. We have successfully applied FISH technology to the characterization of chromosome breakpoints involved in disease-associated cytogenetic abnormalities to identify candidate gene(s) for the disease. FISH is also widely used in clinical diagnosis of chromosomal disorders.
“Stony the Road” to Change: Getting Around the Stones : The Civil Rights Movement

The 1960s was a trying time for the United States' system of democracy and especially so in Mississippi. Cornel West (1996), reiterating conclusions drawn by DuBois, Myrdal, and others, states that the problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color line, which has contributed to the “arrested development” of democracy and undermined the power of everyday people to determine their destiny. This arrested development manifested itself in numerous ways that affected the quality of life for most Blacks in the United States. The intent of the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s was to change those deprived conditions. The extremely oppressive conditions in Mississippi made it a targeted area for concentrated efforts to improve the quality of life of its Black citizens. As a result, Mississippi tops the list in numbers of slain civil rights workers. The reign of bombings and burnings occurring throughout its countryside during the 1960s and 1970s gave testimony to the potentially revolutionary activities being born within its borders. The efforts at directed change in Mississippi during the 1960s make the period of the CRM an ideal temporal marker from which to begin an analysis of social change issues in Black communities. To understand the behavior of Black residents in Lafayette County, Mississippi, during a mobilization effort in the 1990s, it is necessary to situate the history of the movement in Lafayette County within the history of the larger Civil Rights Movement.
Preservice Teachers' Perception of Assessment Strategies in Online Teaching.

AbstractThis descriptive study examines online assessment strategies employed by preservice teacher candidates when creating thematic learning experiences in online teaching environments. Using the learning management system Moodle as part of their innovative training, this review of a sample of 395 candidate-created instructional units across all grades and most subject areas examines their use of a variety of assessment instruments to gather both formative and summative data. The large data set allowed the researcher to infer the teacher candidates' understanding of the value of different assessment types and their use in an assessment strategy for the unit. Learning management systems have many built-in affordances, including the ability for teachers to make quizzes, host discussion forums, use concept mapping, and facilitate collaborative projects using multimedia as well as text. In this study, the majority of students cautiously made use of more traditional tools such as quizzes and reports without ...
Maternal Dietary Diversity Decreases with Household Food Insecurity in Rural Bangladesh: A Longitudinal Analysis

Background Household food insecurity (HFI) can lead to a poor diet and malnutrition. Yet, little is known about the extent to which maternal diet covaries with food insecurity during pregnancy and lactation. Objective Longitudinal associations between HFI and maternal dietary diversity from early pregnancy to 3 mo postpartum were examined in rural Bangladesh. Methods We repeatedly assessed dietary intake by using a 7-d food-frequency questionnaire in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy and at 3 mo postpartum among 14,600 women enrolled into an antenatal micronutrient supplementation trial. Maternal dietary diversity score (DDS) was constructed as the sum of 10 food groups reportedly consumed at each assessment. Households were classified at 6 mo postpartum as being food secure or having mild, moderate, or severe HFI on the basis of a 9-item standard scale. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate the longitudinal relation between HFI status and DDS and the likelihood of individual food-group consumption, adjusting for confounders at the maternal and household levels. Results The DDS decreased with progressively worse HFI, an association best explained by a derived household wealth index. Compared with women from food-secure households, women of mild, moderate, and severe HFI were less likely, in a dose-response fashion, to have consumed dairy products [adjusted ORs (95% CIs): 0.73 (0.69, 0.78), 0.62 (0.58, 0.66), and 0.52 (0.48, 0.55), respectively], eggs [0.81 (0.76, 0.85), 0.73 (0.68, 0.77), and 0.61 (0.57, 0.65)], meat [0.83 (0.79, 0.88), 0.73 (0.69, 0.78), and 0.60 (0.56, 0.64)], fish [0.87 (0.80, 0.94), 0.76 (0.70, 0.83), and 0.59 (0.54, 0.65)], legumes and nuts [0.88 (0.83, 0.93), 0.81 (0.76, 0.87), and 0.79 (0.74, 0.85)], and yellow and orange fruit and vegetables [0.85 (0.80, 0.91), 0.78 (0.73, 0.84), and 0.72 (0.67, 0.78)]. Neither intakes of dark-green leafy vegetables nor of vegetable oil were associated with HFI status. Conclusion Antenatal and postnatal maternal dietary diversity, especially intakes of animal-source foods, fruit, and vegetables, declined with worsening food insecurity in rural Bangladesh.
Microbial Control of Nursery Ornamental and Landscape Plant Pests

Abstract Ornamental trees, shrubs, annuals, grasses, and other plants are cultivated and planted for aesthetic and utility purposes in urban landscapes, including yards, parks, gardens, sports fields, cemeteries, medians, and roadsides. Insecticides are widely used to control pests impacting these plants. Public concern about the adverse effects of chemical insecticides has created an environment in which biological, botanical, and less acutely toxic insecticides are regarded as desirable alternatives, especially to older insecticide active ingredients with unfavorable toxicology profiles. Several entomopathogens have been developed for managing pests in high-value ornamental crops. In this chapter we discuss prospects and progress that has been made with entomopathogens for managing pests of ornamental plants in the following groups: phytophageous mites, wood-boring beetles/caterpillars, root-feeding weevils, defoliating beetles/caterpillars, and sap-feeding insects, including aphids, whiteflies, and thrips.
Platform to Enable Combined Measurement of Dopamine and Neural Activity

Complex behaviors depend on the coordination of the activities of ensembles of neurons and the release of neuromodulators such as dopamine. The mechanisms underlying such coordination are not well-understood due to a lack of instrumentation for combined and real-time monitoring of neuromodulator release and the activities of large ensembles of neurons. Here we describe a measurement platform that allows for the combined monitoring of electrophysiology from a high-density electrode array and dopamine dynamics from a carbon-fiber microelectrode. Integration of these two measurement systems was achieved through modification of the existing instrumentation. A shared grounded reference electrode was used in both systems to minimize electrical interference. Further, an optional solid-state-relay array positioned between the electrophysiological electrode array and amplifiers was added to provide additional electrical isolation. The capacity of the integrated measurement platform, termed DANA (Dopamine And Neura...
Two-photon excitation of launched cold atoms in flight

We demonstrate two-photon bi-chromatic excitation of cold rubidium atoms in flight, using the pathway 5S1/2→5P3/2→5D5/2 with two resonant photons. In our experiment, Rb85 atoms are laser-cooled in a magneto-optical trap and launched upward in discrete clouds with a controllable vertical speed of 7.1±0.6 m/s and a velocity spread that is less than 10% of the launch speed. Outside the cooling beams, as high as 14 mm above the original center of the trap, the launched cold atoms are illuminated simultaneously by spatially localized horizontal excitation beams at 780 nm (5S1/2→5P3/2) and 776 nm (5P3/2→5D5/2). We monitor transmission of the 780-nm beam over a range of intensities of 780-nm and 776-nm light. As the center of the moving cloud passes the excitation beams, we observe as much as 97.9±1.2% transmission when the rate of two-photon absorption is high and the 5S1/2 and 5P3/2 states are depopulated, compared to 87.6±0.9% transmission if only the 780-nm beam is present. This demonstrates two-photon excitation of a launched cold-atom source with controllable launch velocity and narrow velocity spread, as a foundation for three-photon excitation to Rydberg states.
Dislocation core effects on slip response of NiTi- a key to understanding shape memory

Abstract The understanding of the non-Schmid behavior in shape memory alloy NiTi is considered a significant breakthrough because this alloy still remains enigmatic. We utilize an Eshelby-Stroh formalism in conjunction with Molecular Statics-Peierls stress calculation to predict the experimental CRSS results for three different crystal orientations and tension-compression cases. These combination of tools incorporating elastic anisotropy and core displacements are necessary to develop a precise understanding of non-Schmid behavior. We note the different extents of core spreading produce a highly asymmetric tension-compression behavior and strong orientation dependence governed by the non-glide shear and normal stress components. The experimental results and empiricism free modeling produces excellent agreement, and most importantly enlisting scientific insight into the shape memory response.
Dynamic Simulators for Training Personnel in the Control of Grinding/Flotation Systems

Abstract During the last decade, it has been established that conventional mineral - processing control strategies based on classical control theory result in significant increases in plant throughput and operating-cost saving. The proper education and training of personnel using dynamic simulators of the principal unit operations is vital for proper design and maintenance of control systems. Severe multivariable interactions and numerous constraints on both manipulated and state variables in grinding/classification and flotation systems can be studied using time domain analysis with proper dynamic simulators. Two interactive programs are described, and the basis of each simulator and its structure are discussed. Two examples concerned with choosing, tuning, and decoupling of manipulated and controlled variables for a grinding/classification circuit (DYNA-MILL II) and for a rougher flotation circuit (DYNAFLOAT II) are presented. The way in which these dynamic simulators can be used for the design of model-based control strategies is also outlined. A brief description of the use of tnese dynamic simulators for screening alternative strategies and circuit optimization is given.
Dana Ulery: Pioneer of Statistical Computing and Architect of Large, Complex Systems

Biography of Dana Ulery, the first woman to be hired as an engineer at JPL. She would be the only female engineer hired there for the next seven years. While with JPL, she worked on real-time tracking systems and algorithms for NASAs Deep Space Network. After earning her doctorate, she became a visiting lecturer for Cairo University and later transitioned to a full-time, and very long term, position at DuPont. After that, she held a senior position doing applied research at the United States Army Research Lab.
Fictional States & Atomized Public Spheres: A Non-Western Approach to Fragility

This essay explains why political order in some places gives way to especially persistent conflict and prolonged state institutional collapse. State failure is rooted in decades of personalist rule...
DFM-aware fault model and ATPG for intra-cell and inter-cell defects

Yield improvement, yield ramp, and defect screening have been major areas of concern for the semiconductor industry as technology nodes have advanced. Much effort has been focused on capturing the defects missed by traditional stuck-at and transition delay fault model based testing. A majority of these un-modeled defects stems from features inside a standard cell or between two adjacent standard cells. Traditionally, critical area has been used as the manufacturability guideline to determine opens and shorts that should be targeted for test. This paper motivates a new paradigm — a design-for-manufacturability (DFM) hotspot-aware fault model to target intra-cell and inter-cell defects. The basic objective behind this approach is to bring in knowledge of manufacturing vulnerability in design layouts to weigh likelihood of occurrence of systematic defects. Recent technologies have standard cells much smaller than the lithography-driven optical diameter which means the cell's feature context is a key driver for DFM-driven fault sensitivity. This paper describes a novel automated flow for cell characterization that can be used to create patterns at the cell boundary for DFM-aware faults. The paper presents ATPG results for different DFM-aware faults, and analyzes the coverage gaps. Finally, the paper ends with a comparison with the cell-aware and dual-cell-aware fault models, and describes relative advantages and application scenarios.
Acupunture and Complementary Integrative Approaches in Pain Management

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a group of healthcare practices and products that are not a part of western medicine. With the advancement of basic and clinical research, complementary and alternative medicine has gained considerable popularity in western countries over the last several decades and may have a unique role in clinical pain management. In this chapter, I will summarize scientific data generated from basic science and clinical research on the role of complementary and alternative medicine such as acupuncture treatment in pain management.
Roman Political Thought

What can the Romans teach us about politics? This thematic introduction to Roman political thought shows how the Roman world developed political ideas of lasting significance, from the consequential constitutional notions of the separation of powers, political legitimacy, and individual rights to key concepts in international relations, such as imperialism, just war theory, and cosmopolitanism. Jed W. Atkins relates these and many other important ideas to Roman republicanism, traces their evolution across all major periods of Roman history, and describes Christianity's important contributions to their development. Using the politics and political thought of the United States as a case study, he argues that the relevance of Roman political thought for modern liberal democracies lies in the profound mixture of ideas both familiar and foreign to us that shape and enliven Roman republicanism. Accessible to students and non-specialists, this book provides an invaluable guide to Roman political thought and its enduring legacies.
Assessment of Oropharyngeal and Laryngeal Cancer Treatment Delay in a Private and Safety Net Hospital System.

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of treatment setting and demographic factors on oropharyngeal and laryngeal cancer time to treatment initiation (TTI).Study DesignRetrospective case series.SettingSaf...
Pharmacokinetics of a neurotoxic oral dose of leptophos in hens

A pharmacokinetic profile of [14C] leptophos was determined in laying hens following a single oral dose of 400 mg/kg (0.58 μCi). Most of the radioactivity was excreted into the urine and feces. After 15 days, the total radioactivity recovered in the combined urinary-fecal excretion was 73.5% of the administered dose. A major part of the absorbed leptophos was concentrated in the eggs. The total 14C radioactivity in egg albumen was 7.29% of the administered dose as compared to 4.67% in egg yolk. The half-life for the disappearance of radioactivity from the birds' bodies following the administration of [14C] leptophos was 11.55 days. A correlation between the pharmacokinetics of leptophos and the susceptibility of the hen to delayed neurotoxicity is discusses.
Combinatorial Problems Arising in Network Optimization

A graph G consists of a pair (V, E) where V = V (G) is a finite set of points, called vertices or nodes, and E = E(G) is a set of unordered pairs of vertices, called edges or links. Two vertices are said to be adjacent if there is an edge joining them. The degree of a vertex is the number of adjacent vertices. If every vertex has the same degree d then the graph is called regular of degree d; examples of regular graphs are given in Figure 14.1.
Temporal clustering analysis: what does it tell us about the resting state of the brain?

Background: Several networks of synchronous blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) oscillations have been identified in the brain during the resting state. The aim of this study was to further characterize tile dynamic nature of the brain at rest by investigating the presence and distribution of coherent, transient BOLD activity in resting fMRI data using a novel method of fMRI data analysis - 2dTCA. Material/Methods: High-field fMRI data were acquired in 27 subjects. The temporal clustering analysis, 2dTCA, was implemented to determine tlie timing of significant, spatially coherent, transient BOLD signal changes. Group maps of positive and negative coherent BOLD changes from each timing profile were created. Results: Spontaneous increases in BOLD activity at both 3T and 4T and decreases at 4T were found in regions of the alpha rhythm circuit including the thalamus, precuneus and the occipital cortex. Additional positive and negative oscillations at 4T and a small region of positive activity at 3T were identified in the area of tlie brain stem reticular formation, the control center for maintaining arousal and motivation. Conclusions: These results provide additional evidence for tile presence of dynamic functional networks in the resting brain that are active while the subjects appear to be at rest and that are spatially distributed in areas responsible for maintaining consciousness and vigilance including brain stem. These findings should be considered in interpreting fMRI results which use resting baseline for comparisons.
Gastrointestinal Stomas in Infants and Children

Stomas of the gastrointestinal tract represent some of the most commonly performed surgical procedures, and most frequent management dilemmas, in the practice of pediatric surgery. The wide variety of congenital anomalies and functional disorders of the intestinal tract encountered by the pediatric surgeon has led to the development of a creative and sometimes unconventional repertoire of options for providing access and decompression of the GI tract at every level. Some of the first surviving patients of decompressive enterostomy operations were children with congenital intestinal obstructions, and over the long history of stomal development by general surgeons treating adults there has been a parallel development of stoma techniques directed at addressing pediatric diseases. Often, the techniques first developed in adults were adapted for children with good results. On occasion, a surgical problem unique to children required a solution that had no corollary in the adult surgical experience, requiring the development of an innovative approach for a rare disease process that did not present a large enough clinical volume to submit new ideas to objective analysis. Over the years, accumulated experience has played a large role in selecting and discarding these techniques. In this chapter, we present an overview of gastrointestinal stoma techniques that have proven to be useful over time and which have been widely adopted as standard options in the care of children with gastrointestinal problems. A number of selected references are also offered for further reading.