cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Salen Mn Complexes are Superoxide Dismutase/Catalase Mimetics that Protect the Mitochondria

Salen Mn complexes, including EUK-134, EUK-189 and a cyclized analog EUK-207, are synthetic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase mimetics that are beneficial in many models of oxidative stress. Though not designed to target the mitochondria, salen Mn complexes show "mito-protective" activity, that is, an ability to attenuate mitochondrial injury, in various experimental systems. Treatment with EUK-134 prevents respiratory chain abnormalities induced by ionizing radiation in rat astrocyte cultures. Treatment with salen Mn complexes also prolongs survival, protects mitochon- drial enzymes and prevents oxidative pathologies in Sod2-/- mice, which lack the mitochondrial form of superoxide dis- mutase. Recently, EUK-207 was shown to attenuate ischemia reperfusion injury, including mitochondrial dysfunction, in hearts from ABC-me-/+ mice, which are deficient in a mitochondrial transporter and more vulnerable to oxidative stress. Since mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in many forms of injury and degeneration, this "mito-protective" property may explain some of the cytoprotective effects of salen Mn complexes in vivo, and may also enhance their poten- tial therapeutic value.
Scalable computation of streamlines on very large datasets

Understanding vector fields resulting from large scientific simulations is an important and often difficult task. Streamlines, curves that are tangential to a vector field at each point, are a powerful visualization method in this context. Application of streamline-based visualization to very large vector field data represents a significant challenge due to the non-local and data-dependent nature of streamline computation, and requires careful balancing of computational demands placed on I/O, memory, communication, and processors. In this paper we review two parallelization approaches based on established parallelization paradigms (static decomposition and on-demand loading) and present a novel hybrid algorithm for computing streamlines. Our algorithm is aimed at good scalability and performance across the widely varying computational characteristics of streamline-based problems. We perform performance and scalability studies of all three algorithms on a number of prototypical application problems and demonstrate that our hybrid scheme is able to perform well in different settings.
Frugal but flexible multicore topologies in support of resource variation-driven adaptivity

Given the projected higher variations in the availability of computational resources, adaptive static schedules have been developed to attain high-speed execution reconfiguration with no reliance on any runtime rescheduling decisions. These schedules are able to deliver predictable execution despite the increased levels of device unreliability in future multicore systems. Yet the associated runtime reconfiguration overhead is largely determined by the underlying system topology. Fully connected architectures, although they can effectively hide the overhead in execution migration, become infeasible as the core count grows to hundreds in the near future. We exploit in this paper the high locality associated with adaptive static schedules, and outline a scalable and locally shareable system organization for multicore platforms. With the incorporation of a limited set of neighborhood-centered communication links, threads are allowed to be directly migrated among adjacent cores without physical data movement. At the architecture level, a set of 2-dimensional physical topologies with such a local sharing property embedded is furthermore proposed. The inherent regularity allows these topologies to be adopted as a fixed-silicon multicore platform that can be flexibly redefined according to the parallelism characteristics and resilience needs of each application.
Cutaneous angiosarcoma arising in massive localized lymphedema of the morbidly obese: a report of five cases and review of the literature

A significant proportion of angiosarcoma arises in the setting of chronic lymphedema, often following surgery for breast carcinoma (Stewart-Treves syndrome). Massive localized lymphedema (MLL), a relatively recently described and rare pseudotumor most often occurring in morbidly obese patients, is thought to be the result of derangements in lymphatic drainage secondary to excessive adipose tissue. Only a very small number of cases of angiosarcoma have been reported in patients with MLL. We reviewed the clinical and pathological features of five patients with angiosarcoma arising in this unusual clinical setting. The tumors arose in three women and two men, who were in the age range from 36 to 81 years (median: 52 years). All patients were or had recently been morbidly obese (mean body mass index = 47.2 kg/cm(2) ; range:37.6-68.5 kg/cm(2) ) and had long-standing soft tissue changes of MLL. The tumors arose in the thigh (two cases), lower leg (two cases) and abdomen/proximal thigh (one case) and ranged from 6 to 28.5 cm in size (mean: 15.9 cm). All tumors were conventional high-grade angiosarcomas and microscopically exhibited an admixture of vasoformative, spindled and epithelioid features. Microscopic changes of MLL, including dermal fibrosis, expansion of interlobular fibrous septa and lymphangiectasia, were identified in all cases. Clinical follow-up (four cases; mean: 13.8 months; range: 2-32 months) showed one patient to be dead of disease, one patient to be dead from therapy-related complications and two patients to be alive without disease. One case was too recent for meaningful clinical follow-up. We conclude that lymphedema secondary to obesity should be recognized as a significant risk factor for the development of angiosarcoma. The clinical and pathological features of angiosarcoma arising in this distinctive clinical setting appear to be identical to those of other lymphedema-associated angiosarcomas. With the continuing epidemic of obesity in Western societies, the incidence of obesity-related angiosarcoma is probably to increase. Consequently, it is critical that lymphedematous areas in obese patients be carefully examined for clinical evidence of early angiosarcoma, with the hope that timely diagnosis may lead to improved patient outcome.
Hedgehog signaling is required for commitment but not initial induction of slow muscle precursors

In zebrafish, skeletal muscle precursors can adopt at least three distinct fates: fast, non-pioneer slow, or pioneer slow muscle fibers. Slow muscle fibers develop from adaxial cells and depend on Hedgehog signaling. We analyzed when precursors become committed to their fates and the step(s) along their differentiation pathway affected by Hedgehog. Unexpectedly, we find that embryos deficient in Hedgehog signaling still contain postmitotic adaxial cells that differentiate into fast muscle fibers instead of slow. We show that by the onset of gastrulation, slow and fast muscle precursors are already spatially segregated but uncommitted to their fates until much later, in the segmental plate when slow precursors become independent of Hedgehog. In contrast, pioneer and non-pioneer slow muscle precursors share a common lineage from the onset of gastrulation. Our results demonstrate that slow muscle precursors form independently of Hedgehog signaling and further provide direct evidence for a multipotent muscle precursor population whose commitment to the slow fate depends on Hedgehog at a late stage of development when postmitotic adaxial cells differentiate into slow muscle fibers.
Explaining representation: a reply to Matthen

Mohan Matthen has failed to understand the position I develop and defend in �How to Think about Mental Content.� No doubt some of the fault lies with my exposition, though Matthen often misconstrues passages that are clear in context. He construes clarifications and elaborations of my argument to be �concessions.� Rather than dwell too much on specific misunderstandings of my explanatory project and its attendant claims, I will focus on the main points of disagreement.
Interferometric fiber-based optical biosensor to measure ultra-small changes in refractive index

In many bio-medical optical imaging applications such as monitoring cell and tissue dynamics and imaging of phase objects, ultra-small changes in refractive index must be detected. We describe a fiber-based optical biosensor, which is capable of detecting ultra-small refractive index changes in highly scattering media with high lateral and longitudinal spatial resolution. The system is a dual channel phase-sensitive optical low coherence tomography system that measures relative optical path length differences between the orthogonal modes of the polarization-maintaining fiber.
Effect of Interparticle Potential on Forming Solid, Spherical Agglomerates during Drying

The effect of the interparticle potential on the shapes of the agglomerates obtained by drying slurry droplets has been investigated using aqueous alumina slurries formulated in the dispersed and weakly attractive (dispersed + added salt) states. For the dispersed slurry, the droplets dried to irregular shapes with hollow centers. When just the right amount of salt was added to produce an attractive, but nontouching, particle network, the droplets dried as solid spheres. These results are discussed by relating both the nature of the particle network (repulsive or weakly attractive), the slurry rheology, and the consolidation mechanics of the networks to the requirements for maintaining a spherical geometry and uniform density during droplet drying.
Generalized Finite Element Method for Vector Electromagnetic Problems

The generalized finite element method (GFEM), as introduced by Babuska, is a partition of unity framework for solving scalar partial differential equations (PDEs). To date, they have been applied extensively to the solution of elliptic and parabolic PDEs. This technique can be interpreted as a unified prescription of a host of well known techniques such as classical finite element methods that are based on tessellation, point cloud techniques, and element free Galerkin methods. The focus of this paper is to extend this technique to solve vector electromagnetic problems. However, modification of GFEM to address this problem poses a novel set of challenges: i) the vector nature of the problem and the different continuity requirements on each component imply that basis functions developed should share similar characteristics; ii) the basis functions have to be able to represent divergence free electromagnetic fields (in a source free region) when they themselves are not divergence free. These have been the primary impediments to extension of this technique. In this paper, we propose a method that may be used to overcome these obstacles, and will demonstrate h and p convergence characteristics of the proposed method for a range of problems. Finally, we will demonstrate convergence characteristics of this technique for analyzing scattering from a sharp wedge when the basis functions include analytical "local" field representation
Use of Intravaginal Progesterone-Releasing Inserts in a Synchronization Protocol before Timed AI and for Synchronizing Return to Estrus in Holstein Heifers

Abstract Holstein heifers (n = 189) were submitted to a 42-d artificial insemination (AI) period in which they underwent AI after once-daily evaluation of rubbed tail chalk. At the onset of the AI period (d 0), heifers were assigned randomly to receive synchronization of ovulation and timed AI (TAI; d 0: 100 μ g of GnRH; d 6: 25mg of PGF 2α ; d 8: 100 μ g of GnRH + TAI) either without (GPG; n=95), or with inclusion of a CIDR insert (CIDR; n=94) from d 0 to 6. No CIDR heifers received AI before d 8 compared with 24% of GPG heifers, and pregnancy rate per AI (PR/AI) at 30 d after TAI did not differ between treatments. To synchronize return to estrus for heifers failing to conceive after TAI, heifers (n = 166) receiving TAI to first service were randomly assigned to receive no further treatment (control; n=85) or receive a new CIDR insert between 14 and 20 d after TAI (Resynch; n=81). No Resynch heifers received AI during CIDR treatment compared with 35% of control heifers, and the proportion of heifers receiving AI within 72h after the day of CIDR removal was 78 vs. 50% for Resynch vs. control heifers, respectively. No treatment×inseminator interaction was detected at first or second AI; however, overall PR/AI was modest for heifers throughout the experiment due to poor performance of 2 of the 3 herd inseminators (14, 6, and 58% PR/AI, respectively). Inclusion of CIDR inserts suppressed estrus during the TAI protocol with no reduction in PR/AI. Resynchronization of estrus using CIDR inserts resulted in tighter synchrony of estrus among nonpregnant heifers compared with untreated controls.
Relationships between weight-height ratios, other body measurements, and self-perception of body contours.

Abstract A battery of test instruments was devised and utilized in an attempt to determine relationships existing between indicators of gross body size and configuration and the ability to perceive and delineate body contour lines and proportional dimensions. The scores obtained were compared with selected body measurements, the ponderal index, the number of pounds over or under the “desirable” weight-height ratio, and responses made to direct questions concerning contour line satisfaction. Subjects were 102 undergraduate female students from selected classes of the basic physical education program. From the initial group of students, 77 retest sets of data were obtained. Analysis of first and second test results indicated a correlation coefficient of .73 between the Total Front and Total Side Discrepancy Index scores on both the first (102 students) and the second (77 students) test administrations. Further, comparisons between first and second drawing-task scores indicated that the amount of change betw...
Excimer Emission from Pulsed High Pressure Xenon Glow Discharges

High pressure glow discharges are used in plasma processing, gas lasers, chemical and bacterial decontamination of gases, and as mirrors and absorbers of microwave radiation. Transient high pressure glow discharges, such as barrier discharges1 and ac discharges2 are already well established, but recently high pressure dc discharges in noble gases3 and in air,4,5 with dimensions of up to centimeters have been generated by using novel plasma cathodes. One of them is a microhollow cathode discharge sustained plasma, where the microhollow cathode discharge provides the electrons for the main discharge. The elimination of the cathode fall, the cradle for glow-to-arc transition has allowed us to generate dc glow discharges with electron densities as high as 1013 cm-3, at gas temperature below 2000 K.4,6
A Comparison of Reduced-NAD Preparations from Four Commercial Sources

The physical and chemical properties of several commercial sources of reduced NAD were examined. Properties compared included physical appearance, sodium and phosphorus content, ultraviolet light absorption at 260 and 340 nm, and relative rates of oxidation with two human LDH isoenzymes. Major differences between individual preparations were noted with respect to physical and chemical properties, as well as in the activity measurements. The commercial reduced-NAD preparations most rapidly oxidized by LDH were white, free-flowing substances with 260 nm:340 nm absorbance (A260:A340) ratios below 2.45. Detectable amounts of an LDH inhibitor were found in all preparations examined. A strong LDH inhibitor, which had the same properties as the inhibitor present in commercial reduced NAD, was isolated by column chromatography. This LDH inhibitor was found to produce the same degree of inhibition toward four LDH isoenzymes.
A fast detection method for pesticide in dead fish

Objective:Through seeking for a optimized method of discovering the reason how fish in a reservoir were poisoned,to provide reference basis for detection of suspicious substances leading to the dead fish.Methods: The dead fish and water from the reservoir and upstream rivulet were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) under Scan and SIM modes.Then the qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed in the selective ion mode(SIM) using standard substances.Results: Fenpropathrin was detected in the samples of dead fish and reservoir water,the concentration was 0.056 mg /kg and 0.041 mg/L respectively.Conclusion: The simple,fast and accurate method established in this study can be applied in the detection and analysis of pesticide in dead fish,having significant reference value on similar affair in future.
On the Application of the Whole-car Parameter Managing System to New SGMW Vehicles

As information technology in the automotive industry are widely applied,the traditional paper management of whole-car parameters has been updated to the software-orientated,systematic and intelligent management.Based on the current situation of SGMW which still relies on the traditional working methods,the whole-car announcement,3C certification and environmental announcement,this article introduces the application the vehicle management system parameters in the application of product development.
Computation of Borehole Pressure Considering Gas Compressibility in Gasification Well

In order to decrease the hydrostatic pressure of drilling fluid,rapidly and effectively drill.It is a common approach to inject gas into the drilling fluid.In this paper,the methods of calculating the borehole pressure are introduced and computation models of multiphase flow in annulus are established.By calculating the relative parameters about the multiphase flow,calculating all kind of variables by trial and error,sufficiently considering the compressibility of the gas,then the calculation accuracy of the bottom pressure is enhanced.Based on the theory,the computer programmed is established.The results indicate that the model can be widely used.
Bayesian Feature Allocation Models for Tumor Heterogeneity

Tumor samples are composed of subclones that evolve stochastically by acquiring mutations and by selection of those that are beneficial to the survival of the organism or local environment. This process results in the often observed heterogeneity of tumor samples. We review some recent work on a new class of feature allocation models for statistical inference on this tumor heterogeneity. We use next-generation sequencing data. The developed methods identify cell subpopulations (subclones) in tumor samples and allow us to cluster samples based on these identified subclones. We characterize subclones by latent haplotypes that are defined as a scaffold of single nucleotide variations (SNVs) on the same homologous genome. That is, each subclone is defined by a unique set of SNVs. We formally represent these sets of SNVs in a binary matrix with columns corresponding to subclones and entries indicating the presence or absence of a set of SNVs that characterize each subclone. We use a simplified version of the Indian buffet process (IBP) as a prior model on this latent binary matrix. In a model extension we develop a categorical IBP that allows us to incorporate copy number variants (CNVs) in addition to SNVs to jointly define subclones. We illustrate the proposed methods with several data analyses.
Estimating pedestrian and cyclist activity at the neighborhood scale

Abstract In most parts of the U.S., data on bicycle and pedestrian activity at the neighborhood scale are sparse or non-existent, despite the importance of such data for local planning. Here, a simple small-area estimation method is used to pair travel survey with land use and census data to estimate cyclist and pedestrian activity for census tracts in the state of California. This method is an improvement on fixed per-capita estimates of activity based only on regional or statewide averages. These activity estimates are then used to calculate the intensity of road use by cyclists and pedestrians, and crash rates for these road users. For California, the intensity of pedestrian and cyclist road use in urban census tracts is double that found in suburban tracts, while use in suburban tracts is an order of magnitude greater than that found in rural tracts. Per-capita estimates would suggest substantially smaller differences between neighborhood types. On the safety side, although non-severe crashes involving cyclists and pedestrians are much more likely in more urban areas, severe crash rates for the non-motorized modes exhibit no clear spatial pattern. The method used is simple and easily replicable, potentially filling a critical need for bicycle and pedestrian planners.
Please participate in Part 2: Maximizing response rates in longitudinal MTurk designs

The ease and affordability of Amazon’s Mechanical Turk make it ripe for longitudinal, or panel, study designs in social science research. But the discipline has not yet investigated how incentives ...
Multi-modality Imaging Assessment of Pericardial Masses

This review will discuss the application of various imaging modalities including their advantages and disadvantages in the evaluation of the most common pericardial masses with a focus on pericardial cysts, tumors, and hematomas. Accurate identification of pericardial masses and assessment of potential hemodynamic compromise is imperative for management. Cardiac imaging plays a central role in tissue characterization as well as evaluation of extension into neighboring structures. Currently, echocardiography is the preferred modality for the initial evaluation due to its low cost and widespread availability. However, due to potential limitations with echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging have become robust complementary imaging tests. CT provides superior spatial resolution and is the ideal test for evaluation of calcified masses while CMR provides excellent tissue characterization through various CMR sequences. Finally, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can provide additional unique information in the assessment of potentially malignant tumors. An integrated, multi-modality imaging approach is helpful to evaluate the pericardium and diagnose pericardial masses. Advancements in imaging technology have provided improved diagnostic accuracy, with CT and CMR currently serving as complementary imaging techniques to traditional echocardiography imaging. Because each imaging modality has its unique sets of advantages and disadvantages, the choice of modality must be individualized to each patient. Through careful consideration, an integrated imaging approach is crucial in noninvasively providing information on cardiac structure, morphology, function, and associated complications that are important to the diagnosis and management of a variety of pericardial masses.
Familial, Environmental, and Personal Predictors of Adolescent Drinking: A Bio-ecological Perspective

Alcohol abuse by college students has become a major social issue. From a human ecological perspective, alcohol use, like other behaviors, occurs in interaction between person and environment. The current study examined parental, environmental and personal factors associated with drinking among young adults ( N =1,208; aged 18 to 25). Paternal and maternal drinking, perceived parenting quality, residential safety, personality traits, and older siblings were included as ecological factors. More than 80% of the participants reported drinking alcohol; nearly 60% began before age 18, and 45.9% engaged in weekly drinking. The younger the age of alcohol initiation, the more frequent their drinking. An association between parental and children’s drinking was significant. Conversely, perceived parental quality contributed to delayed alcohol initiation. Further, structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that residential safety contributed to higher parenting quality, which predicted delayed alcohol initiation while parental drinking predicted earlier alcohol initiation. Gender differences were revealed in effects of personal and parental characteristics on adolescent alcohol initiation. Same-gender effects suggest that father’s and mother’s drinking are likely to influence sons and daughters uniquely; parental factors, both positive and negative, as well as other environmental factors, deserve further study.
Magnetic Thin Film Materials: Magnetic Particles Synthesized by Thin Film Dewetting for Energy Applications

Metallic nanoparticle arrays which exhibit magnetic moments are a promising platform for the electrically and thermally conductive micro- and nanoscale structures. Real-world application fields include biomedical engineering, data storage, and nonlinear optics. In order to capitalize on major natural energy sources, such as solar and wind energies, efficient methods of energy storage must be developed. Recently, attention has been given to Latent Heat Storage (LHS) devices which utilize Phase Change Materials (PCMs) due to their low cost, low toxicity, and high engineering versatility, as candidates for efficient, cost-effective methods of thermal energy storage [1, 2]. One promising work to develop a LHS device utilizes parafin as a PCM and incorporates a matrix of magnetically susceptible, thermally conductive nanorod frameworks which are self-assembled under an externally applied magnetic field. The assembly process to create the matrix is well documented; however, the prohibitive cost of the magnetic pads, fabricated by lithography processes makes large-scale production impractical [3–6].
EEG Decoding Reveals the Temporal Dynamics and Functional Relevance of Goal-Relevant Representations in Humans

Models of action control assume that abstract task-set settings regulate lower-level stimulus/response representations. Yet, we know little about the functional and dynamic properties of task-set representations in humans. Using a cued task-switching paradigm, we show that information about task sets and lower-level stimulus/response aspects can be extracted through decoding analyses from the scalp electrophysiological signal (EEG) on the single-trial level with high temporal resolution. Task-sets are active throughout the entire processing cascade and trial-to-trial variations in task-set strength emerges as a remarkably strong predictor of variability in performance, both within and between individuals. Also, task-set strength is related to stimulus representation strength at an early period and to the strength of response representations at a later period, consistent with the notion that task-sets coordinate successive, lower-level representations in a concurrent manner. These results demonstrate a powerful approach towards uncovering stages of information processing and their relative importance for performance.
Coupled nature of hurricane wind and wave properties derived from simultaneous measurements in hurricane hunter missions

The close connection between wind and wave properties has been the foundation of ocean remote sensing using microwave frequencies. This wind-wave connection is employed either explicitly or implicitly in the scatterometer wind measurement: the touted capability of “all-weather” and “day-and-night” operation of microwave wind sensing means that the sensor sees through clouds and atmosphere, thus obvious it does measure the motion of air mass or clouds to deduce wind speed.
Developing the Subcutaneous Drug Delivery Route

Biopharmaceuticals and biosimilars now represent the majority of the top 10 selling drugs. High development costs and requirement for most to be administered intravenously are noted drawbacks. Recent advances in subcutaneous drug delivery methods offer a viable alternative route for parenteral drug administration. Comparison studies have highlighted equivalent drug efficacies coupled with substantial cost savings. Allied to these developments are new closed-loop drug delivery systems which have the potential to revolutionize the biopharmaceutical sector through active patient engagement. First demonstrated in the insulin marketplace, these efforts represent formal embodiments of the precision medicine approach to disease management. This review will highlight key considerations for subcutaneous drug delivery, including patient preferences, drug formulation and needle and device design. We also provide an overview of the market evolution of subcutaneously administered drugs, highlighting those currently in clinical development, and predict areas for future innovation.
Die Stoffbilanz im Hochofen

Der Eisenhochofen uberragt alle anderen Ofen und metallurgischen Apparate an Bedeutung. Es ist deshalb angezeigt, die Erlauterung der metallurgischen Grundsatze und Berechnungen in inrer Anwendung auf die Eisengewinnung mit einer Betrachtung des Hochofens einzuleiten. Da diese Erorterung, wenn sie irgendwie vollstandig sein soll, eine grose Zahl von Gegenstanden umfassen mus, fangen wir zunachst mit dem einfachsten an, mit der Bilanz der Stoffe, die dem Ofen zugefuhrt werden und die ihn verlassen. Im weiteren Verlauf der Erorterung werden wir die Warmebilanz des Ofens, die chemischer Reaktionen, die Wirkung des heisen und des getrockneten Windes, die Berechnung der richtigen Zusammensetzung der Beschickung, die Temperatur vor den Formen, die in den Gichtgasen vorhandene Energie, den Wirkungsgrad der Winderhitzer und andere Faktoren, die fur den Hochofenbetrieb von Interesse und Wert sind, behandeln.
β-arrestin-biased signaling by the β-adrenergic receptors.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses β-arrestin-biased signaling by the β-adrenergic receptors. β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) are considered prototypic members of the superfamily of cell-surface receptors known as “seven-transmembrane receptors” (7TMRs aka G protein-coupled receptors or GPCRs), which are represented by about a thousand genes in the human genome. The physiological effects of endogenous catecholamines, epinephrine (Epi) and norepinephrine (NE), are mediated by the β-adrenergic receptors (βARs), which are members of the large family of 7TMRs. 7TMRs are signal transducers for a wide range of extracellular stimuli that include hormones, neurotransmitters, lipids, peptides, ions, and sensory stimuli. Their clinical importance is evident from the fact that about 50% of prescription drugs target members of this family. The discovery of β-arrestin-mediated signaling has also revealed that ligands can preferentially activate G proteins versus β-arrestins or vice versa, leading to a behavior termed as ‘‘biased agonism,’’ also called ‘‘ligand-directed trafficking,’’ ‘‘protean agonism,’’ ‘‘pleuridimensional efficacy,’’ and ‘‘collateral efficacy’’.
Accumulation of SCEs in lymphocytes during chronic ingestion of a mutagen.

Studies in 2 large-animal species have shown that continued in gestion of a mutagen increases sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in circulating lymphocytes at rates directly related to the accumulated dose but differing between species. Groups of 3 pigs received daily oral doses of 0, 1.25, or 2.50 mg/kg body weight of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) for 160 consecutive da; similar groups of sheep received 0, 0.625, or 1.25 mg/kg daily for up to 114 da. Lymphocytes taken at 3-wk intervals from pigs and every 2 wk from sheep were cultured, and 25 randomly selected second-division metaphases from each culture were scored for SCE. Swine lymphocytes had elevated numbers of SCE at the earliest sampling times after DMBA feeding was begun. Sister chromatid exchanges continued to increase gradually among pigs consuming 1.25 mg/kg/da for 160 da whereas those on 2.5 mg/kg tended to plateau at approximately 2.5 times their pretreatment level after some 80 da. Sheep treated with comparable levels of DMBA (1.25 mg/kg) exhibited a much more rapid rise in SCE than pigs; within 40 da their SCEs were at 4 times the control level and animals were exhibiting toxicity symptoms. Low-dose sheep also showed a rapid initial increase but plateaued at about 2.5 times the control level beyond 40 da.
Passage Growth and Development

Of all cave types, solution caves have the most complex developmental histories. They are formed by the dissolving action of underground water as it flows through fractures, partings, and pores in bedrock. Such caves must grow rapidly enough to reach traversable size before the rock material that contains them is destroyed by surface erosion. Because of their sensitivity to local landscapes and patterns of water flow, solution caves contain clues to the entire geomorphic, hydrologic, and climatic history of the region in which they are located. At the land surface most of this evidence is rapidly lost to weathering and erosion; but in caves these clues can remain intact for millions of years.
Variable saline resuscitation in a murine model of combined traumatic brain injury and haemorrhage

BACKGROUND Resuscitation strategies for combined traumatic brain injury (TBI) with haemorrhage in austere environments are not fully established. Our aim was to establish the effects of various saline concentrations in a murine model of combined TBI and haemorrhage, and identify an effective resuscitative strategy for the far-forward environment. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice underwent closed head injury and subjected to controlled haemorrhage to a systolic blood pressure of 25 mmHg via femoral artery cannulation for 60 min. Mice were resuscitated with a fixed volume bolus or variable volumes of fluid to achieve a systolic blood pressure goal of 80 mmHg with 0.9% saline, 3% saline, 0.1-mL bolus of 23.4% saline, or a 0.1-mL bolus of 23.4% saline followed by 0.9% saline (23.4+). RESULTS 23.4% saline and 23.4+ resulted in higher mortality at 6 h compared to 0.9% saline. Use of 3% saline required less volume to achieve targeted resuscitation, did not affect survival, and did not exacerbate post-traumatic inflammation. While 23.4+ resuscitation utilized lower volume, it resulted in hypernatremia, azotemia, and elevated systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines. All groups except 3% saline demonstrated progression of neuron damage, with cerebral oedema highest with 0.9% saline. CONCLUSIONS 3% saline demonstrated favourable balance of survival, blood pressure restoration, minimization of inflammation, and prevention of ongoing neurologic injury without contributing to significant physiologic derangements. 23.4% saline administration may not be appropriate in the setting of concomitant hypotension.
Syntheses of Molybdenum(VI) Imido Alkylidene Complexes That Contain a Bidentate Dithiolate Ligand

Zn(DCTC) (DCTC = 3,6-dichlorodithiacatecholate) reacts with Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)Cl2(PPh2Me) (Ad = 1-adamantyl) to give Mo(NAd)(CHCMe2Ph)(DCTC)(PPh2Me). The reactions between Zn(DCTC) and Mo(NAd)(CH-t-Bu)(OTf)2(dme) or Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(OTf)2(dme) (Ar = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3; OTf = triflate; dme = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) produce [Mo(NAd)(CH-t-Bu)(DCTC)]2 and [Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(DCTC)]2, respectively. Complexes that contain a 3,3′,5,5′-tetrasubstituted dithiabiphenolate were prepared in a reaction between Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(Me2pyr)2 (Me2pyr = 2,5-dimethylpyrrolide) and the 3,3′,5,5′-tetrasubstituted dithiabiphenols, (3,3′,5,5′-tetrachlorodithiabiphenol (H2Cl4S2), 3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromodithiabiphenol (H2Br4S2), and 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-t-Bu-dithiabiphenol (H2Bu4S2)). The isolated complexes include Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(Cl4S2)(pyridine), Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(Br4S2)(pyridine), Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(Bu4S2)(PMe3), and [Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(Cl4S2)]2. Only the dithiabiphenolate derivatives (in the presence of B(C6F5)3) show activity for the metathesi...
Age-associated hippocampal volume changes in childhood arterial ischemic stroke

Recent evidence suggests that recovery from secondary neurodegeneration following arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) may be related to age at injury and site of occlusion. We conducted a study of hippocampal volume (HCV) in a cohort of pediatric patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory AIS to determine whether HCV would be preserved in younger children as compared to older children. This single-center, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. The medical records of 149 children treated for AIS between 2000 and 2016 were reviewed for inclusion criteria: unilateral MCA territory AIS and availability of high-resolution T1-weighted MR imaging at both acute and chronic time periods. Manual segmentation was utilized to measure stroke-side HCV, contralateral HCV, hemispheric volumes, and stroke volume on each scan. To correct for variable brain size, HCV measurements were ratio normalized. Patients were divided into two age-at-stroke groups: younger (30 days–9 years old) and older (> 9–18 years old). Analysis was performed using Fisher’s test or Student’s t test. The MR imaging of 19 children (9 younger, 10 older) was analyzed. At follow-up, the average stroke-side HCV increased by 10.9% in the younger group and decreased by 6.3% in the older group (P = 0.010); this between-group difference remained significant even when ratio normalized (P = 0.003). The total brain volume-adjusted acute stroke size between groups was not statistically different (P = 0.649). In children with AIS, younger age is associated with the relative preservation of HCV, which could reflect differences in age-related plasticity.
Prospects for rapid laser cooling on ED-allowed transitions

We explore candidate materials for solid-state laser cooling on electric-dipole allowed transitions that could accelerate refrigeration. We analyze the required external quantum efficiencies and tolerable impurity absorption required to achieve net cooling, and examine limitations imposed by charge transfer and excited state absorption in Yb2+:SrF2, Ce3+:LiCAF and Ti3+:Al2O3.
Carrier detection and rapid newborn diagnostic test for the common Y393N maple syrup urine disease allele by PCR-RFLP: culturally permissible testing in the Mennonite community.

The turnaround time for diagnosis of maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) by classic serum amino acid analyses often requires 3–4 days. This is due to the need for branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) to accumulate in the serum of the newborn before testing. The accumulation of BCAAs in infants with MSUD during this time increases the risk of the infant becoming clinically symptomatic. We have developed a noninvasive DNA-based mismatch PCR-RFLP assay for the Y393N BCKDHA allele (E1α gene of the branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex), the primary cause of MSUD in Old Order Mennonite communities. The homozygosity and high frequency of this mutation in the Mennonite community and its prevalence in compound heterozygote non-Mennonite MSUD patients is of significance. We describe carrier testing, present the results of nine newborns diagnostically evaluated for the Y393N BCKDHA allele, and demonstrate the efficacy of this PCR-RFLP assay for determining clinical status within 24 h after birth. Analyses within the first 24h of life allow for immediate diagnosis and treatment of infants homozygous for the Y393N MSUD defect. This is a significant improvement over the time required by current serum amino acid analysis methods.
Introduction to John A. Matzko's 'The Best Men of the Bar'

John A. Matzko's The Best Men of the Bar began as a dissertation defended in 1984. Despite the central importance of the ABA to the turn-of-the-century class stratification of the bar, the accreditation of legal education, the emergence of the “canons” of legal ethics, and the settlement of the codification controversy with model laws and restatements, no institutional history of the ABA appeared in the intervening years. Literatures have arisen devoted to the entrance of women and African Americans to legal practice in the late nineteenth century, while the internal dynamics of the elite (mostly male and white) bar during the New Deal has received sustained attention. But as of yet, the elite of the bar to which women, minorities, and New Deal progressives were reacting has been relatively neglected. Indeed,The Best Men of the Bar presciently offered a number of arguments that today puts the work right at home in contemporary historiography of America’s legal profession, particularly in its focus on the control of legal education and the interconnections between codification and access to the profession. The central argument of the book is one that both anticipates recent literature yet also extends it by disrupting our conventional attempts to describe the elite bar of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era in the United States. While recent studies have challenged the notion of a monolithic classical legal “orthodoxy,” Best Men of the Bar clarifies the story by dividing the ABA’s early history into two periods: one that drew on and was shaped by the age of reform, and a later period of reaction and retrenchment. This introduction surveys the major historiographical debates about the turn-of-the-century American legal profession to illustrate the power of this argument. One of the recurring themes of the works surveyed within is the slightly embarrassed admission that the Gilded Age bar in many ways countered the trend towards conservatism that developed later in the Progressive Era.
HACCP: An Overview

HACCP is a food safety management system that is used in various segments of the food industry. The objectives of this 4-page fact sheet are to introduce the topic and to summarize the key components of a HACCP program. Written by J. A. Lepper, R. M. Goodrich-Schneider, K. R. Schneider, M. D. Danyluk and A. Sreedharan and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, January 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs122
The Association Between Physician Race/Ethnicity and Patient Satisfaction: an Exploration in Direct to Consumer Telemedicine.

Patient satisfaction measures have important implications for physicians. Patient bias against non-White physicians may impact physician satisfaction ratings, but this has not been widely studied. To assess differences in patient satisfaction by physician race/ethnicity. A cross-sectional observational study. Patients seeking care on a large nationwide direct to consumer telemedicine platform between July 2016 and July 2018 and their physicians. Patient satisfaction was ascertained immediately following the encounter on scales of 1 to 5 stars and scored two ways: (1) top-box satisfaction (5 stars versus fewer) and (2) dissatisfaction (2 or fewer stars versus 3 or more). To approximate the information patients would use to make assumptions about physician race/ethnicity, four reviewers classified physicians into categories based on physician name and photo. These included White American, Black American, South Asian, Middle Eastern, Hispanic, and East Asian. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to assess differences in patient top-box satisfaction and patient dissatisfaction by physician race/ethnicity, controlling for patient characteristics, prescription receipt, physician specialty, and whether the physician trained in the USA versus internationally. The sample included 119,016 encounters with 390 physicians. Sixty percent were White American, 14% South Asian, 7% Black American, 7% Hispanic, 6% Middle Eastern, and 6% East Asian. Encounters with South Asian physicians (aOR 0.70; 95% CI 0.54–0.91) and East Asian physicians (aOR 0.72; 95% CI 0.53–0.99) were significantly less likely than those with White American physicians to result in top-box satisfaction. Compared to encounters with White American physicians, those with Black American physicians (aOR 1.72; 95% CI 1.12–2.64), South Asian physicians (aOR 1.77; 95% CI 1.23–2.56), and East Asian physicians (aOR 2.10; 95% CI 1.38–3.20) were more likely to result in patient dissatisfaction. In our study, patients reported lower satisfaction with some groups of non-White American physicians, which may have implications for their compensation, professional reputation, and job satisfaction.
Olfactory outcomes in the management of aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease related chronic rhinosinusitis.

Patients with aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) experience a severe and recalcitrant form of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) and asthma, which are exacerbated by aspirin/NSAID ingestion. As compared with aspirin-tolerant CRSwNP, patients with AERD experience more severe olfactory dysfunction, which is one of the key contributors to the observed decrease in quality of life (QOL) in this disease. The objective of this paper is to review the published olfactory outcomes observed with various treatment modalities.
c-Myb expression is critical to maintain proliferation and glucose metabolism of large pre-B cells

Abstract The c-Myb transcription factor is required for the differentiation of CD19+ B-lineage cells and plays significant roles from the specification of the B cell lineage to the survival of pro-B cells. c-Myb coordinates the survival of pro-B cells with the expression of genes required for transition to the large pre-B cell stage of differentiation. However, it is not known if c-Myb is important for the proliferative expansion or subsequent differentiation into small pre-B cells. Here we demonstrate that c-Myb expression is important for large pre-B cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation into small pre-B cells. Utilizing genome-wide analysis, we found that c-Myb was important for maintaining glucose uptake and utilization and exogenous expression of Glut1 and Hk1 rescued large pre-B cell recovery and survival. Furthermore, we found that c-Myb is important for repression of Ikaros and Aiolos and our c-Myb-dependent gene signature was enriched in an Ikaros footprint of genes that drive cell cycle exit and the large to small pre-B cell transition. However, upon loss of c-Myb expression, inhibition of Ikaros activity was able to restore certain Ikaros-mediated gene expression changes but was insufficient to rescue recovery of large pre-B cell numbers. We found that c-Myb regulates glucose utilization and glucose-dependent survival through Hk1 in an Ikaros-independent manner. Thus, c-Myb regulation of glucose metabolism is critical to maintain large pre-B cell survival while repression of the Ikaros-mediated gene expression program is critical to prevent premature cell cycle exit and premature differentiation into small pre-B cells.