cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Central Venous Pressure Measurements in the Caudal Vena Cava of Sedated Cats

Summary The caudla vena cava (CVA) was evaluated as an laternative site for the measurement of central venous pressure (CPV) in six healthy, sedated (ketamine 10 mg/km, midazolam 0.1 mg/kg, and atropine 0.04 mg/kg IM) cats. The CVC was cathererized via medial saphenous puncture, and estimates of CPV from this site compared to those obtained via a jugular catheter. Simulataneous CPV values were recorded electronically (mmgh), via calibrated pressure transducer positioned at the level of the manubrium in cats in lateral recumbency. Five readings, performed at 1 minute intervals, were collected from the jugular and CVC catheters at rest (baseline) and following a rapid fluid bolus. Twenty-four hours later, cats were resedated, baseline measurements repeated, and CVPs recorded following a rapid, 25% whole-blood volume bleed. CVP measurements from the jugular and CVC were statistically compared using repeated measures ANOVA (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between the two sites in the baseline and bleed trials. Significant defferences between jugular and CVC CVPs were noted at 1 and 2 minutes following the fluid bolus. It was concluded that CVC is an alternative site for measurement of CPV in sedated cats.
MEMS sensors for hearing aid application

More than ten percent of the population in developed countries suffers from hearing impairment. Various devices have been invented to improve speech related hearing impaired people. Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) implementations of acoustical sensors are important and have potential application for future hearing aid instruments. Our paper deals with the modeling and analysis of Piezoelectric MEMS sensors for hearing aid applications. We will present MEMS based sensor and analyze the best design for hearing aid instruments. This research will be valuable for future miniature hearing aids.
The efficacy of a personalized feedback-only intervention for at-risk college gamblers.

OBJECTIVE College students have been shown to be at higher risk than the general adult population for gambling-related problems. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of a personalized feedback only intervention (PFB) among at-risk college student gamblers. METHOD Three hundred thirty-three college students who met screening criteria were randomized into 1 of 3 conditions: PFB, education only (EDU), or assessment only (AO). RESULTS At 3-month follow-up, individuals in the PFB condition reported fewer dollars gambled and fewer gambling-related problems than those in the AO condition. There were no differences between those in the EDU and the AO conditions, or between those in the PFB and the EDU conditions. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with clinical trials examining other health behaviors, and have implications for the development and delivery of effective intervention programming for at-risk gamblers.
The chemistry of brevetoxins: a review.

Abstract K. Nakanishi . The chemistry of brevetoxins: a review. Toxicon 23, 473 – 479, 1985. — The structure of the unique ‘red tide’ dinoflagellate neurotoxin, brevetoxin-B is presented and the experimental data supporting the chemical structure is discussed. A brief account of the other brevetoxins and their structural relationships is also presented. A biosynthetic scheme for the natural formation of the brevetoxin skeleton is proposed. Studies of the most toxic of the three pure brevetoxins, brevetoxin-A, indicate a skeleton differing from that of brevetoxin-B.
Sorting out sorting: the sequel

Ronald Baecker's Sorting Out Sorting (SOS) set the stage for much of what has followed in the evolution of algorithm visualization (AV). That period of evolution has now spanned over a quarter century, and we have learned much about how to effectively use AV. This paper addresses how we can incorporate that knowledge into a new rendition of SOS, which we call SOS - The Sequel. In this sequel we attempt to transform Baecker's original video into a highly interactive multimedia learning resource delivered over the Web using Macromedia Flash. The paper describes the design and use of this new resource and reports on a small empirical study designed to measure its effectiveness.
Polypeptide Liquid Crystals: A Deuterium NMR Study

Abstract In polypeptide liquid crystals deuterium NMR spectra of labeled guest molecules and labeled Polybenzylglutamate exhibit a characteristic doubling (anisochronism) of the quadrupolar splittings of enantiotopic deuterons. The anisochronism is a reflection of local chirality. For achiral guests the chirality is acquired in collision complexes with the chiral polypeptide. The labeled polypeptide results suggest that the observed anisochronism is related to specific sidechain secondary structures. The observations are consistent with a model of solvent and/or temperature compensation in these lyotropic cholesteric phases wherein a polypeptide sidechain conformational transition is invoked.
On discerning the cause of late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions

I examine the late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions by testing the only extinction model with strong a priori predictions, the blitzkrieg model (Martin 1973; Mosimann and Martin 1975). I first test an assumption of the blitzkrieg and other extinction models that the megafaunal extinctions occurred in the terminal Wisconsin (12-10 Ka). This assumption has been disputed by Grayson (1989, 1991), but I find that both a reanalysis of Grayson's data and an analysis of new reliable data support a terminal Wisconsin extinction.The blitzkrieg model predicts that the ranges of megafauna in North America were constricted as the semicircular front of hunters moved southeastward; hence the extinctions should be time-transgressive from northwest to southeast. I test this prediction in three separate analyses that examine (1) the location of terminal sites for each taxon relative to all their other late Wisconsin fossil sites, (2) the location of terminal sites for each taxon relative to all their other reliably dated late Wisconsin fossil sites, and (3) the spatio-temporal pattern of all the reliably dated terminal Wisconsin sites without regard to taxonomy. The geographic distribution of the megafaunal remains does not support the blitzkrieg hypothesis in any of the three analyses. Moreover, all of the patterns in the data are in a direction opposite to that predicted by the blitzkrieg hypothesis. I examine how these conclusions affect both climatic and predation models, particularly in relation to the testability of other extinction hypotheses.
The effects of autonomic arousal on speech production in adults who stutter: A preliminary study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of autonomic system reactivity and response on the speech production of people who stutter. Participants included three adults who stutter (AWS) and three who did not (AWNS). An aversive acoustic stimulus was paired with a set of neutral pictures to condition an autonomic system response as measured by skin conductance response (SCR). Speech production probes were placed in trials where a conditioned autonomic response was expected in order to record fundamental frequency (F0) and temporal acoustic measures of segments of speech from utterances at different levels of autonomic arousal. Analyses of SRC indicated that AWS had a significantly greater autonomic response to the aversive stimulus compared to AWNS. All of the AWS, but none of the AWNS, acquired a conditioned response. In addition, AWS exhibited F0, voice onset time, and frication durations that were positively correlated with SCR. This study provides evidence that AWS show a greater susceptibility to classical conditioning, along with higher autonomic reactivity and related changes in speech production than AWNS. Findings are discussed as they pertain to risk factors in the development of stuttering.
TELEVISION AND VOTING TURNOUT

On the basis of presidential election surveys Dr. Glaser discusses the influence of television on voting turnout and how this influence differs from the effects of other mass media. He also considers ways in which television could be used more effectively to increase voting turnout. This is a revision of a paper read at the annual AAPOR meeting on May 9, 1964. William A. Glaser is a Research Associate of the Bureau of Applied Social Research at Columbia University.
Host resistance to metastasis from mouse mammary carcinomas

Although undisturbed primary mouse mammary tumors may give rise to overt metastases, these have generally been observed near the terminal stage of progressive tumor growth. Unlike malignant breast disease in women, metastases are seldom the cause of death in mice, and in some strains as few as 2% of mammary tumor hosts may be affected (1). Highly metastatic tumors may, of course, be found, and hosts of the mammary carcinoma WHT all develop metastases (2).
Prediction of Response to Medication and Cognitive Therapy in the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Depression

A recent randomized controlled trial found nearly equivalent response rates for antidepressant medications and cognitive therapy in a sample of moderate to severely depressed outpatients. In this article, the authors seek to identify the variables that were associated with response across both treatments as well as variables that predicted superior response in one treatment over the other. The sample consisted of 180 depressed outpatients: 60 of whom were randomly assigned to cognitive therapy; 120 were assigned to antidepressant medications. Treatment was provided for 16 weeks. Chronic depression, older age, and lower intelligence each predicted relatively poor response across both treatments. Three prescriptive variables-marriage, unemployment, and having experienced a greater number of recent life events-were identified, and each predicted superior response to cognitive therapy relative to antidepressant medications. Thus, 6 markers of treatment outcome were identified, each of which might be expected to carry considerable clinical utility. The 3 prognostic variables identify subgroups that might benefit from alternative treatment strategies; the 3 prescriptive variables identify groups who appear to respond particularly well to cognitive therapy.
Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of the Clostridium thermoaceticum gene encoding thermostable formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase.

Formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) (EC 6.3.4.3), a thermostable protein of four identical subunits from Clostridium thermoaceticum was cloned into Escherichia coli SK1592. The clone (CRL47) contained a 9.5 kb EcoRI fragment of C. thermoaceticum DNA ligated into pBR322. It produced catalytically active, thermostable FTHFS, that was not found in E. coli SK1592 containing native pBR322. The identity of the expressed enzyme was confirmed by specific binding of rabbit polyclonal anti-FTHFS serum produced against C. thermoaceticum FTHFS. The specific activities (μmol·min-1·mg-1) of FTHFS in cell free extracts of CRL47 were 28–89 when assayed at 50°C and pH8. This was from 3–10-fold higher than in C. thermoaceticum extracts. FTHFS was purified to homogeneity from CRL47. The purified enzyme behaved during electrophoresis and gel chromatography and it had similar specific activity and thermostability as the enzyme purified from C. thermoaceticum.
Conflict of Interest: What It Is, Its Causes and Consequences

Given the persistent prevalence of conflict of interest in our society, the authors ask the question: What exactly is conflict of interest? Based on an extensive analysis of conflict of interest cases in the popular press, the authors come up with a typology of conflict of interest: personal conflict of interest versus organizational conflict of interest. Furthermore, the authors develop a model of the causes and reactions to conflict of interest. The authors identify four antecedents to conflict of interest which include delegation of authority, guanxi and guanxi practice, law and ethics code, and moral & values. At the same time, the authors find that the characteristics of conflict of interest, which include network strength, exchange value, and transparency will influence people's reactions to the conflict of interest and perception of impaired judgment and decision making.
Reduced brain edema and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression by pre-reperfusion infusion into ischemic territory in rat

The aim in this study was to investigate whether our experimental model for stroke therapy, flushing the ischemic territory with saline prior to reperfusion, could ameliorate disruption of microvascular integrity by reducing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression during reperfusion. Stroke in Sprague Dawley rats (n = 42) was induced by a 2-h right middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion using a novel intraluminal hollow filament. Prior to reperfusion, 24 of the ischemic rats received 6ml isotonic saline at 37 degrees C infused into the ischemic area through the filament. Brain edema was determined by comparing the percentage difference in brain volume between the right and left (contralateral to stroke site) hemispheres, while the expressions of MMP-2 and -9 mRNA were analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR). A significant (p < 0.01) brain edema, determined by an increased brain volume of 19 +/- 4%, and overexpression of the mRNA encoding MMPs, determined by increased relative mRNA level ratio, were found in ischemic rats. The brain damage, in terms of brain edema (4 +/- 1%) and overexpression of MMPs, was significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated as a result of saline flushing into the ischemic territory prior to reperfusion. This study has enhanced our understanding of the causal mechanisms by which the neuroprotective effect of ischemic area "flushing" can be achieved.
The effects of mating, exogenous juvenile hormone and a juvenile hormone analogue on pheromone titre, calling and oviposition in the omnivorous leafroller moth (Platynota stultana)

Mating in Platynota stultana resulted in the termination of calling, the gradual reduction of pheromone in the pheromone glands to non-detectable levels (<0.1 ng/♀) within 14 h, and oviposition of the first batch of eggs 20–24 h after copulation. Decapitation of virgin females resulted in a similar decline in pheromone titre, and also eliminated oviposition and calling. Pheromone production appears to be controlled via the head. Mating probably terminates neural or hormonal input required for pheromone production and/or removes neural or hormonal inhibition of pheromone degradation. A juvenile hormone analogue (ZR-512) and juvenile hormones I, II and III applied exogenously to virgin females elicited oviposition comparable to mated females and terminated calling within 48 h. The juvenile hormone analogue also appeared to block pheromone production in virgin females. These results suggest that juvenile hormone may be involved in the switch from virgin to mated behaviour in this species.
Non-linear one-dimensional seismic ground motion propagation in the Mississippi embayment

Abstract Deep unconsolidated deposits of the Mississippi Embayment overlie the New Madrid Seismic Zone, considered the most seismically active zone in the Eastern US. The deposits range in thickness from less than 100 m in the St. Louis area to about 1 km in the Memphis area and consist of silts, clays and sands. The influence of these deposits on propagation of seismic waves remains a major source of uncertainty for site response analysis. This paper describes the development of a new non-linear one-dimensional site response analysis model for vertical propagation of horizontal shear waves in deep soil deposits. Soil response is modeled using a modified hyperbolic model with extended Masing criteria to represent hysteretic loading and unloading of soil. The new soil model accounts for the influence of large confining pressures on strain dependent modulus degradation and damping of soil. The model is calibrated using measured shear modulus degradation and damping data from resonant column tests on sand samples under confining pressures up to 3.5 MPa. The new model is used to estimate ground motion amplification and attenuation for three soil columns 100, 500 and 1000 m thick, representative of soil thickness variability within the Embayment. The new model shows that some high frequency components of ground motion are transmitted through these deep deposits. These components are usually filtered out using conventional wave propagation methods. Longer period waves develop in deposits of 500–1000 m thickness. Spectral amplification factors of deep deposits are greater than unity and can be as large as 5 in the longer period range of 2–10 s. Preliminary evaluation of model results show that computed surface response spectra in the period range of 0.5–2 s are larger than the 1997 NEHRP recommended design response spectrum. The proposed model highlights the need to account for depth dependence of modulus and damping properties of soils in seismic wave propagation through deep soils.
Waterproof adhesives for cellulose

Abstract The adhesion of formaldehyde-linked resins to cellulose films (cellophane) is still strong after soaking in water or alkali. It may even be increased by boiling. The adhesion of these resins appears to be due to the formation of covalent bonds between the resin and the cellulose, possibly by aldehyde formation in the cellulose followed by condensation with reactive groups in the resin.
Modalities, motivations, and materials - investigating traditional and social online Q&A services

With the advent of ubiquitous connectivity and a constant flux of user-generated content, people's online information-seeking behaviours are rapidly changing, one o f which includes seeking information from peers through online questioning. Ways to understand this new behaviour can be broken down into three aspects, also referred to as the three M's - the modalities (sources and strategies) that people use when asking their questions online, their motivations behind asking these questions and choosing specific services, and the types and quality of the materials (content) generated in such an online Q&A environment. This article will provide a new framework - three M's - based on the synthesis of relevant literature. It will then identify some of the gaps in our knowledge about online Q&A based on this framework. These gaps will be transformed into six research questions, stemming from the three M's, and addressed by (a) consolidating and synthesizing findings previously reported in the literature, (b) conducting new analyses of data used in prior work, and (c) administering a new study to answer questions unaddressed by the pre-existing and new analyses of prior work.
PREDICTIVE VALIDITY OF THE GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATION IN EDUCATION

This study investigated 170 students in education for the relations among Graduate Record Examination scores, graduate GPA, academic major, ethnicity, and nationality in combination with sex, undergraduate GPA, and the degree pursued. Regression analyses indicated that the GRE-Quantitative and GRE-Verbal scores accounted for 16% and 6% of the variance, respectively. Academic background, ethnicity, nationality, degree, sex, and undergraduate GPA did not predict success in graduate work in education. The study also suggested that caution must be taken in using GRE scores as graduate admission criteria for Asian (n = 19) and African American (n = 14) students, although a larger sample is required to draw this conclusion.
A model-driven classification and recursive segmentation method for automatic panel extraction from biological and medical papers

We present a novel method to automatically extract panels from figures in biomedical articles. Our method consists of figure (or panel) classification and panel segmentation. Figure classification determines the existence of photograph in a figure. A Gaussian model is constructed for photographs and plots. Figures and panels are evaluated based on the model to determine their class. If it contains photographs, an iterative panel-splitting process follows. This process continues until no further straight lines are identified in the subfigures. Experiments were conducted with 182 figures from 25 articles published in different journals. Despite vast difference between figures, our method successfully extracted both plots and photographs and was able to identify zoom-in views that are superimposed on the original photographs.
Sustainable agriculture, science and the co-production of ‘expert’ knowledge: The value of interactional expertise

Abstract After the last few decades in which the importance of ‘local’ knowledge has been emphasized, attention must now turn to better understanding how such knowledge is communicated to certified experts (scientists) and vice versa. This paper examines how expert knowledge is co-produced in agriculture by local and non-local experts for the benefit of both. The argument is informed by an empirical case study of sustainable farmers and agriculture professionals in Iowa. While much has been written about how the conventional and sustainable models of agriculture rest upon different epistemological orientations, little has yet been said about how those different experts (local and certified) interact with each other. Building upon the work of H. M. Collins and Robert Evans, and their tripartite model of expertise (of no, contributory, and interactional expertise), I investigate the different forms of expertise that exist within agriculture. In doing so, specific focus is placed upon interactional expertise...
Population movement and city-suburb redistribution: An analytic framework

This paper introduces an analytic framework that can be used to assess the relationships between individual movement differentials and place characteristics, on the one hand, and aggregate mobility levels and city-suburb population change (in size or composition), on the other. Application of this framework using census data for individual metropolitan areas allows the analyst to decompose population changes due to net migration into contributing mobility streams and their component rates which are subject to unique community and individual influences. The paper provides both theoretical and empirical rationale for the framework, illustrates its use with 1970 census data, and discusses its implications for empirical research on city-suburb population redistribution.
Effects of Spatial Ability on Multi-robot Control Tasks

Working with large teams of robots is a very complex and demanding task for any operator and individual differences in spatial ability could significantly affect that performance. In the present study, we examine data from two earlier experiments to investigate the effects of ability for perspective-taking on performance at an urban search and rescue (USAR) task using a realistic simulation and alternate displays. We evaluated the participants’ spatial ability using a standard measure of spatial orientation and examined the divergence of performance in accuracy and speed in locating victims, and perceived workload. Our findings show operators with higher spatial ability experienced less workload and marked victims more precisely. An interaction was found for the experimental image queue display for which participants with low spatial ability improved significantly in their accuracy in marking victims over the traditional streaming video display.
Effect of endoluminal PTFE graft placement on cell proliferation, PDGF secretion, and intimal hyperplasia.

To determine the effects of intraluminal placement on peri-anastomotic intimal hyperplasia and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) secretion in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts. Infrarenal aortic PTFE grafts were placed in 30 dogs as either interposition (n = 12) or intraluminal stented (n = 18) grafts. Grafts were explanted at 4 and 8 weeks. At each anastomosis, intima to media height ratios (IMHR) were calculated, and smooth muscle (Actin), proliferating (PCNA), and PDGF secreting cell content determined using cell-specific immunohistochemical stains. At the proximal anastomosis, control and stented graft IMHRs were 1.01 ± 0.16 vs 0.59 ± 0.18 in 4-week and 1.42 ± 0.16 vs 0.50 ± 0.14 in 8-week specimens. Similar IMHR values were present for the distal anastomosis. Peri-anastomotic PCNA cell counts were greater in control grafts at both 4 and 8 weeks. Stented grafts were associated with diminished IMHR and PCNA+ content at both 4 and 8 weeks (P < 0.05). PDGF+ content was similar among control and stented grafts at 4 weeks, while lower in stented grafts at 8 weeks (P < 0.05). At the distal anastomosis, a correlation between PDGF secretion and Actin+ cell content was observed in control grafts at 4 (r = 0.74) and 8 (r = -0.56) weeks. Cell proliferation was associated with PDGF content in 4-week intraluminal and 8-week control grafts (P < 0.05). Changes in IMHR were not the result of differential PDGF secretion. Intraluminal location attenuates intimal hyperplasia in PTFE grafts. The reduced intimal hyperplasia and improved healing of endoluminal grafts could not be attributed to lower PDGF content alone
What Have the Difference Scores Not Been Telling Us? A Critique of the Use of Self-Ideal Discrepancy in the Assessment of Body Image and Evaluation of an Alternative Data-Analytic Framework.

Difference scores are often used as a means of assessing body image satisfaction using silhouette scales. Unfortunately, difference scores suffer from numerous potential methodological problems, including reduced reliability, ambiguity, confounded effects, untested constraints, and dimensional reduction. In this article, the methodological problems are outlined and an alternative framework is discussed. The alternative consists of a minimum of testing the constraints implied by the difference score model, and at most evaluating more exact body image hypotheses by incorporating nonlinear terms in a regression and testing features of the response surface. Two empirical examples are used to illustrate the utility of these methods. The first example uses both polynomial regression and response surface methods to examine eating disorder outcomes, whereas the second example uses polynomial regression to examine the outcomes related to muscle dysmorphia. Directions for future research related to assessment of body image are discussed.
Electrophoretic Fractionation of Carbon Nanotube Dispersions on Agarose Gels

We show that various aqueous suspensions of single-walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, dispersed using either common surfactants or DNA, can be separated into components using agarose gel electrophoresis. In a DC electric field, carbon nanotubes and nanotube–DNA complexes migrate in the gel in the direction of positive potential to form well-defined bands. Raman spectroscopy as a function of band position shows that nanotubes having different spectroscopic properties have distinct electrophoretic mobilities. The results suggest that the separation of nanotubes according to structure can be achieved by this procedure. We discuss the factors affecting the mobility of the nanotube complexes and propose analytical applications of this technique.
Matching Functions and Graphs at Multiple Levels of Bloom's Revised Taxonomy

Abstract This article illustrates the power of Bloom's revised taxonomy for teaching, learning, and assessing [3] in aligning our curriculum expectations and our assessment tools in multivariable calculus. The particular assessment tool considered involves a common matching problem to evaluate students' abilities to think about functions from graphical and formulaic representations. Through this analysis we gain additional understanding of why students may have difficulty in performing well on certain activities.
Ways of Giving Benefits in Marriage Norm Use, Relationship Satisfaction, and Attachment-Related Variability

Couples reported on bases for giving support and on relationship satisfaction just prior to and approximately 2 years into marriage. Overall, a need-based, noncontingent (communal) norm was seen as ideal and was followed, and greater use of this norm was linked to higher relationship satisfaction. An exchange norm was seen as not ideal and was followed significantly less frequently than was a communal norm; by 2 years into marriage, greater use of an exchange norm was linked with lower satisfaction. Insecure attachment predicted greater adherence to an exchange norm. Idealization of and adherence to a communal norm dropped slightly across time. As idealization of a communal norm and own use and partner use of a communal norm decreased, people high in avoidance increased their use of an exchange norm, whereas people low in avoidance decreased their use of an exchange norm. Anxious individuals evidenced tighter links between norm use and marital satisfaction relative to nonanxious individuals. Overall, a picture of people valuing a communal norm and striving toward adherence to a communal norm emerged, with secure individuals doing so with more success and equanimity across time than insecure individuals.
Design and calibration of a rotatable thermal test facility

This paper describes the design of a large rotatable thermal test facility of the calibrated hot box type. The facility has a 2.4 by 2.4 m (test specimen dimensions) test section and is capable of 90/sup 0/ rotation from a vertical position through to a horizontal position for thermal testing a wide range of building assemblies. Technical details on the design and construction are presented along with a description of the instrumentation and the calibration procedure. Highlights of the design are the crane mechanism for rotating the hot side, the rotating evaporator freezer coil, the rotating hub and follower box system, and the low thermal capacity electric furnace. The calibration procedure includes descriptions of the methods for determining the extraneous heat transfer rates and the results from some initial calibration runs.
Dexmedetomidine in combination with midazolam after pediatric cardiac surgery.

ObjectiveAlthough midazolam is one of the most commonly used sedatives for infants in the intensive care unit, it has well-known disadvantages including a dose-dependent potential to induce tolerance, withdrawal, and hemodynamic depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of dexmedetomidine combined with midazolam in postoperative intensive care following pediatric cardiac surgery.MethodsForty consecutive infants who underwent cardiac surgery for isolated ventricular septal defects from January 2011 to July 2013 were enrolled in this retrospective study. They were divided into two groups according to postoperative sedation regimen: dexmedetomidine sedation with midazolam (n = 20), or midazolam sedation without dexmedetomidine (control group, n = 20). Perioperative variables were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences in patient characteristics between the two groups. During the first 24 h after intensive care unit admission, heart rate and s...
Portrait of a Newborn

To discover whether the American woman has a preconceived idea of her newborn's appearance, ten primigravidas were asked to draw their newborns‐to‐be and were interviewed about their expectations. Responses were analyzed for recurring themes and compared with a stereotypical baby described by Lorenz. The informants' general descriptions of their newborns‐to‐be were specific to the particular family. The newborns were closer in appearance to an older baby than to a newborn. The informants' newborns had two of the Lorenz's six stereotypical attributes.
Anterior cruciate-deficient knees: A review of the literature:

Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament may lead to functional instability, meniscal injury, and premature degenerative changes of the knee or, if treatment and rehabilitation are carried out carefully, to a functionally stable knee with no premature degenerative changes. Unfortunately, the complex anatomy of the three fiber bundles, consisting of multiple collagenous strands, which constitutes the anterior cruciate ligament com bined with variation of injuries to the ligament, with or without injury to other structures of the knee, makes any standardization of surgical treatment difficult. In this paper, we review the biomechanics of the knee, the anatomy and vascularization of the anterior cruciate ligament, the healing characteristics of ligamentous ma terial, and the types of surgical repair that have ap peared in recent articles. Those repairs can be divided into direct repair, extraarticular substitution and intraar ticular augmentation, freeze-dried fascia lata allografts, and temporary supportive...
THE UTILITY OF CURRICULUM‐BASED MEASUREMENT FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF METHYLPHENIDATE ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

Two case studies were conducted to investigate the utility of curriculum-based measurement of math and reading for evaluating the effects of methylphenidate on the academic performance of 2 students diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Following baseline measurement, double-blind placebo-controlled procedures were employed to evaluate each student's response to three levels (5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg) of the medication. Results of the first study suggest that the curriculum-based measures were sensitive indicators of the student's response to medication. This finding was replicated in the second study. In the second study, when the student's follow-up dose of medication was based on trial-phase data, follow-up performance was improved compared to baseline performance. These case studies suggest that further research is warranted on the utility of curriculum-based measurements for monitoring and evaluating stimulant medication interventions with children with this disorder.
LS-CS-Residual (LS-CS): Compressive Sensing on Least Squares Residual

We consider the problem of recursively and causally reconstructing time sequences of sparse signals (with unknown and time-varying sparsity patterns) from a limited number of noisy linear measurements. The sparsity pattern is assumed to change slowly with time. The key idea of our proposed solution, LS-CS-residual (LS-CS), is to replace compressed sensing (CS) on the observation by CS on the least squares (LS) residual computed using the previous estimate of the support. We bound CS-residual error and show that when the number of available measurements is small, the bound is much smaller than that on CS error if the sparsity pattern changes slowly enough. Most importantly, under fairly mild assumptions, we show “stability” of LS-CS over time for a signal model that allows support additions and removals, and that allows coefficients to gradually increase (decrease) until they reach a constant value (become zero). By “stability,” we mean that the number of misses and extras in the support estimate remain bounded by time-invariant values (in turn implying a time-invariant bound on LS-CS error). Numerical experiments, and a dynamic MRI example, backing our claims are shown.
SIMILARITY OF THE KINETICS OF INVERTASE ACTION IN VIVO AND IN VITRO.

1. The relationship of sucrose and water concentration to invertase activity in vivo and in vitro has been studied under the same environmental conditions. 2. The sucroclastic activity of S. cerevisiae cells and of invertase solutions prepared from them reacts to changes in sucrose and water concentration in an identical manner. 3. The invertase contained in living yeast cells is just as freely exposed to the conditions of sucrose and water concentrations of the suspending medium as it would be if it were contained in a cell-free solution. Weight is added to the previous suggestion (2) that yeast invertase exerts its physiological activity in a region quite close to the surface of the cell.
Gender Inequality in Malidino Biodiversity Community-based Reserve, Senegal: Political Parties and the 'Village Approach'

This article illustrates how the use of village committees to manage natural resources in the Malidino Biodiversity Community-based Reserve was inconsistent with democratic decentralisation objectives. Ostensibly participatory projects that create village committees bestow discretionary power on traditional leaders who are not popularly accountable and have a poor track record of serving women's needs. This article interrogates how participatory approaches used in the Malidino reserve shaped the gender distribu­tion of outcomes in decision processes, access to forest resources and land, incomes and economic activi­ties, biodiversity conservation, and rural community empowerment and social change. It also shows how donor sponsored participatory approaches might exacerbate party politics, and through them, ethnic, kin­ship and gender cleavages by bestowing power and authority on actors belonging to a rival party and on actors with questionable democratic legitimacy. Both, the participatory parallel institutions and local governments, serve to undermine women's ability to collectively address their own interests.
A spin echo sequence with a single-sided bipolar diffusion gradient pulse to obtain snapshot diffusion weighted images in moving media

In vivo MRI data can be corrupted by motion. Motion artifacts are particularly troublesome in Diffusion Weighted MRI (DWI), since the MR signal attenuation due to Brownian motion can be much less than the signal loss due to dephasing from other types of complex tissue motion, which can significantly degrade the estimation of self-diffusion coefficients, diffusion tensors, etc. This paper describes a snapshot DWI sequence, which utilizes a novel single-sided bipolar diffusion sensitizing gradient pulse within a spin echo sequence. The proposed method shortens the diffusion time by applying a single refocused bipolar diffusion gradient on one side of a refocusing RF pulse, instead of a set of diffusion sensitizing gradients, separated by a refocusing RF pulse, while reducing the impact of magnetic field inhomogeneity by using a spin echo sequence. A novel MRI phantom that can exhibit a range of complex motions was designed to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed DWI sequence.
Equilibria for Node Participation in Ad Hoc Networks - An Imperfect Monitoring Approach

In self-organizing networks, nodes are expected to perform services (such as forwarding packets) for one another. The design of incentive mechanisms that lead nodes to cooperate towards a network-wide goal is crucial for the deployment of such networks in commercial environments. In this paper we employ game theory to analyze a behavior-based incentive scheme for node cooperation in packet forwarding. Our analysis includes an evaluation of the effectiveness of the scheme in achieving an optimal solution, as well as stability considerations. One of the contributions of this work is the modeling of imperfect monitoring, recognizing that in practice nodes do not have perfect information regarding their neighbors' actions on which to base their decisions of whether to cooperate.
Unusual persistent primitive trigeminal artery with a superior duplicated basilar system

A 67-year-old patient who presented with a right cerebellar hemorrhage underwent vascular workup for suspicion of underlying vascular anomalies. A diagnostic cerebral angiogram demonstrated a duplicated basilar system fed solely by a persistent primitive trigeminal artery. The findings proved to be incidental and unrelated to the patient's hemorrhage. These developmental abnormalities are consistent with embryological development.
Neuroregenerative Mechanisms of Allopregnanolone in Alzheimer’s Disease

The proliferative pool and regenerative potential of neural stem cells diminishes with age, a phenomenon that may be exacerbated in prodromal and mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains. In parallel, the neuroactive progesterone metabolite, allopregnanolone (APα), along with a host of other factors, is decreased in the AD brain. Results of preclinical analyses demonstrate that APα is a potent inducer of neural progenitor proliferation of both rodent and human derived neural progenitor cells in vitro. In vivo, APα significantly increased neurogenesis within the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone of the 3xTgAD mouse model. Functionally, APα reversed the learning and memory deficits of 3xTgAD mice prior to and following the onset of AD pathology and was comparably efficacious in aged normal mice. In addition to inducing regenerative responses in mouse models of AD, APα significantly reduced beta-amyloid burden, ABAD load, and microglial activation. In parallel, APα increased markers of white matter generation and cholesterol homeostasis. Analyses to determine the optimal treatment regimen in the 3xTgAD mouse brain indicated that a treatment regimen of APα once per week was optimal for both inducing neurogenesis and reducing AD pathology. Pharmacokinetic analyses indicated that APα is rapidly increased in both plasma and brain following a single dose. APα is most efficacious when administered once per week which will contribute to its margin of safety. Further, analyses in both animals and humans have provided parameters for safe APα dosage exposure in humans. From a translational perspective, APα is a small molecular weight, blood brain barrier penetrant molecule with substantial preclinical efficacy data as a potential Alzheimer’s therapeutic with existing safety data in animals and humans. To our knowledge, APα is the only small molecule that both promotes neural progenitor regeneration in brain and simultaneously reduces AD pathology burden.
Review: Prospects for ARB in the next five years:

JRAAS 2001;2:215-18 Based on multiple, well-conducted, randomised clinical outcome trials (RCT), inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) has become a firmly established therapeutic approach for reducing morbidity and the risk of death across a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases (Figure 1). More recently, another pharmacologic class of agents that inhibits the RAS has become clinically available.Angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1)-receptor blockers (ARBs) offer a more complete and specific way of inhibiting the actions of Ang II at the AT1-receptor. Unlike ACEI, ARBs do not directly interfere with the breakdown of bradykinin. When introduced, ARBs promised more complete inhibition of the RAS with greater efficacy and better tolerance than ACE-I. Although the better tolerance comparison appears to have been substantiated, the more important issue of clinical effectiveness of ARBs remains unsettled. We are fortunately in the midst of an impressive series of RCTs, which collectively will evaluate and quantitate the role of ARBs in clinical practice. Based on the ACE-I experience,we provide a framework to consider the completed and ongoing clinical outcomes RCTs with ARBs (Figure 2).
Effect of Time of Feeding on Oviposition Time and Production Parameters in Broiler Breeders

In Experiment 1, four pens of 90 Ross dwarf broiler breeder hens and 9 cocks each were assigned to feeding times of 0830, 1130, and 1430 h. Eggs were collected hourly from 0800 to 1600 h, 5 days/wk for 4 wk. In Experiment 2, five pens of 30 Arbor Acres and 3 cocks each were assigned to feeding times of 0830, 1130, 1430, and 1730 h. Eggs were collected hourly from 0700 to 1600 for Days 6 through 10 of a 10-day treatment period. Feeding time did not significantly change oviposition time in dwarf broiler breeders, except for an increase in oviposition at 1600 h for hens fed at 1130 and 1430 h. Peak oviposition times were 1000 and 1100 h with distribution of ovipositions throughout the day. Egg weight, shell thickness, and egg production were not significantly affected by feeding time. In the standard-sized strain, afternoon feeding times significantly increased the proportion of afternoon ovipositions. The incidence of floor, dirty, cracked, and abnormal eggs was not significantly changed by feeding time in either experiment.
A JXTA-Based SIP Communication System for P2P Wireless Networks

SIP (session initiation protocol) has been chosen as the protocol for IP-based multimedia call control for 3G wireless networks. P2P (peer-to-peer) networks are useful in a wide range of application scenarios in personal, commercial, public and military environments. In this paper a JXTA-based SIP communication system for P2P wireless networks is proposed, which is compatible with other JXTA systems as well as SIP systems. The architecture is based on P2P-SIP. It takes advantages of both JXTA protocols and SIP. A JXTA-SIP bridging module is presented, which makes the interoperation between the JXTA overlay and the SIP overlay possible. A prototype is implemented and validated.
Development of a joint hydrogeophysical inversion approach and application to a contaminated fractured aquifer

This paper presents a joint inversion approach for combining crosshole seismic travel time and borehole flowmeter test data to estimate hydrogeological zonation. The approach is applied to a complex, fractured Department of Energy field site located at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, United States. We consider seismic slowness (the inverse of seismic velocity) and hydrogeological zonation indicators as unknown variables and use a physically based model with unknown parameters to relate the seismic slowness to the zonation indicators. We jointly estimate all the unknown parameters in the model by conditioning them to the crosshole seismic travel times as well as the borehole flowmeter data using a Bayesian model and a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling method. The fracture zonation estimates are qualitatively compared to bromide tracer breakthrough data and to uranium biostimulation experiment results. The comparison suggests that the joint inversion approach adequately estimated the fractured zonation and that the fracture zonation influenced biostimulation efficacy. Our study suggests that the new joint hydrogeophysical inversion approach is flexible and effective for integrating various types of data sets within complex subsurface environments and that seismic travel time data have the potential to provide valuable information about fracture zonation.
Family Values, Competition And The Environment: An International Study Of Business Ethics

This study compares the attitudes of international college students concerning personal versus business ethics, the environment, and competition. The sample consists of 999 business students from Canada, Colombia, Ecuador, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, South Africa, Spain, and the United States. While Hofstede’s cultural constructs were significant for two of our five research questions (one dealing with family values and the other with ethical practices), Paulus’ (1986) Image Management Subscale was significant for three of the research questions. Our data do not support gender differences in ethical sensitivity after controlling for social desirability response bias on an international sample.
Nerve Injuries in Children

Brachial plexus injury is the most common type of nerve injury seen in children. Contusion or laceration of the facial nerve is also peculiar to the neonatal age group. Both of these injuries are often seen in association with traumatic deliveries. Injection injuries seem to be more than just mechanical, and there is strong evidence to implicate chemical action of the drug administered. These three types of injuries and their management are discussed.
Synthesis of the first example of the 12‐vertex‐closo‐12‐vertex‐nido biscarborane cluster by a metal‐free B‐H activation at a phosphorus(III) center.

An unusual 12-vertex-closo-C2 B10 /12-vertex-nido-C2 B10 biscarborane cluster was synthesized through an unprecedented regioselective metal-free B-H activation by a sterically hindered P(III) center under mild conditions accompanied by cage-opening rearrangement. A combination of the electron-accepting properties of a carborane cage and steric enforcement of close interatomic contacts represent a new synthetic strategy for the activation of strong B-H bonds in carboranes.
A New Species of Perichaena on Decaying Leaves

(1971). A New Species of Perichaena on Decaying Leaves. Mycologia: Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 657-663.