cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The influence of pressure-dependent density and viscosity on the elastohydrodynamic collision and rebound of two spheres

A theoretical description of the low-Reynolds-number collision and rebound of two rigid or elastic spheres separated by a thin layer of viscous fluid with pressure-dependent physical properties is presented. It has previously been shown by Davis et al. (1986) that the hydrodynamic pressure which builds up in the thin fluid layer must become large enough to elastically deform the spheres near the axis of symmetry, if they are to rebound subsequent to colliding. Under these extreme pressures, however, it is expected that the fluid may also compress and that its viscosity may increase by several orders of magnitude. It is shown that these pressure-dependent effects may significantly alter the minimum separation reached during approach of the spheres, as well as the maximum separation and relative velocity attained during rebound of the spheres. In particular, the pressure buildup during the collision process is predicted to become sufficiently large under some conditions so that the corresponding viscosity increase causes the fluid in the gap between the colliding spheres to behave nearly as a solid and to limit the close approach of the opposing surfaces. Also, the storage of energy via the compression of the fluid in the gap allows rigid spheres to bounce as this energy is released subsequent to their collision. However, it is found that this rebound is very weak relative to that which is predicted for elastic spheres.
Flight experiment to investigate microgravity effects on solidification phenomena of selected materials

A Get Away Special (GAS) experiment payload to investigate microgravity effects on solidification phenomena of selected experimental samples has been manifested for flight on STS-42. The first flight of the furnace assembly will (1) investigate the p-n junction characteristics for advancing semiconductor device applications, (2) study the effects of gravity-driven convection on the growth of HgCd crystals, (3) compare the textures of the sample which crystallizes in microgravity with those found in chrondrite meteorites, and (4) modify glass optical characteristics through divalent oxygen exchange. The space flight experiment consists of many small furnaces. While the experiment payload is in the low gravity environment of orbital flight, the payload controller will sequentially activate the furnaces to heat samples to their melt state and then allow cooling to resolidifaction in a controlled fashion. The materials processed in the microgravity environment of space will be compared to the same materials processed on earth in a one-gravity environment. This paper discusses the design of all subassemblies (furnace, electronics, and power systems) in the experiment. A complete description of the experimental materials also is presented.
WE‐A‐BRA‐03: Considerations of Inter‐Observer and Inter‐Fractional Anatomical Variability in Estimating the Beam Range Uncertainty in Proton Therapy of Prostate Cancer

Purpose: For estimates of proton range, conversion of CT Hounsfield units (HU) to stopping powers is complicated due to limited knowledge of atomic composition of tissue, and ionization potentials. Historically, the overall range uncertainty of 3.5% is stipulated, regardless of tumor site. We evaluate the variation in CTanatomy traversed by protonbeam in transit to the prostate, and evaluate the range uncertainty specific to that site. Method:CT scans were analyzed for 10 patients, representing a range of body constitution: body‐mass index (BMI) between 22–39 kg/m2. Proton range compensators were designed following standard planning protocol. The distribution of HU was histogrammed for various raytraces (beam paths through 5×5 mm2 compensator elements). Based on HU, voxels were stratified into 3 categories: adipose, “soft” (muscle, skin, connective, hematopoietic), and bony tissue. From literature, maximum range uncertainties were taken to be 1.8% in bone, and 1.1% in soft tissue. Amounts of different tissue types per raytrace, and accumulated uncertainty in proton range, were estimated for individual patients. Inter‐fractional variations were evaluated with serial CT data. Results: Although the HU frequency histograms differ substantially between raytraces for the same patient, the inter‐fractional variability (assuming image‐guided set‐up) was found to be insignificant. Across the patient selection, the relative share of adipose tissue in the beam path correlated with BMI, however, the share of bony tissue was stable. Relative range uncertainty averaged across the compensator was within 1.20–1.27% for all 10 patients, and the maximum among all patients' raytraces was 1.43%. Conclusion: Estimated range uncertainty resulting from CT conversion was under 1.5% for all patients. Combined with scanner calibration errors (∼1%), the overall range uncertainty in prostate treatments is below 2.5%. This may allow for a safe range margin reduction by 2–3 mm, leading to 1–1.5 Gy drop in dose to skin and proximal tissue.
Brief Intervention for Medical Inpatients with Unhealthy Alcohol Use

The authors screened all adult medical inpatients at an inner-city teaching hospital and randomly assigned 341 risky drinkers to a 30-minute motivational counseling intervention followed by treatme...
Thickness and marking characteristics of occlusal registration strips

T he practice of clinically marking and evaluating occlusal patterns or “high spots” has been empirical to dentistry. Dentists have used ink, silk ribbon with colorants, colored paper, plastic strips with colorants, and wax to visualize occlusal contacts. Little has been reported on the accuracy of the registration materials. Dawson’ suggested that thin silk ribbon was the most efficient method of marking interferences. Halperin et a1.2 studied marking materials to determine thickness, strength, and plastic deformation. They concluded that occlusal registration strips should be less than 21 pm thick and capable of plastic deformation. In addition, they stated that paper was a brittle material and therefore should not be used. Clinical observations revealed that commercially available occlusal registration materials produced a wide range of marks from small, sharply defined areas to broad, ill-defined smudges. 3-5 Information is needed on the variables that affect the size of the mark. Manufacturers’ designations of registration strip thickness presently are not standardized. Descriptions such as microthin, extra thin, extra-extra thin, and thick have only a rough qualititative relationship to the true strip thickness or mark size. Depending on the physical properties of a registration strip, a product may mark the actual contact area or generate a misleading smear or smudge in a noncontacting area. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between registration strip thickness and area of the mark produced under dry laboratory conditions.
Ab initio Calculations for the electronic structure of carbazole and trinitrofluorenone

The results of the SCF-LCAO-MO calculations for the electronic structure of carbazole and trinitrofluorenone are reported. Comparison is made with previous computations and with experimental data. A qualitative calculation tends to explain satisfactorily the first electro-absorption peak in amorphous films of polyvinylcarbazole and trinitrofluorenone on the basis of a complete charge transfer model. The singlet-triplet splitting predicted for carbazole also compares favorably with the experimental results.
An Update of the Gleason Grading System

Purpose: An update is provided of the Gleason grading system, which has evolved significantly since its initial description.Materials and Methods: A search was performed using the MEDLINE® database...
Method of an attempt to detect the lyman-α radiation from positronium

Abstract This report describes the method used in an unsuccessful attempt to detect the Lyman-α radiation from the positronium atom. A description of the experimental apparatus and procedure is presented. The essential feature of the technique is the isolation of the desired event by means of a “quadruple” coincidence between the Lyman-α photon and the three ortho-positronium annihilation quanta. The results are discussed along with suggestions for improvement for future attempts.
The electrochemical fluorination of nitrogen-containing carboxylic acids. Fluorination of methyl esters of cyclic amino-group substituted carboxylic acids

Abstract Nine methyl esters of cyclic amino-group substituted carboxylic acids related to glycine, alanine or β-alanine were subjected to electrochemical fluorination. This afforded the corresponding perfluoroacid fluorides together with cleavage products in fair yields. As cyclic amino-substituents, pyrrolidino-, morpholino-, piperidino-, hexamethyleneimino- and N′-methyl-piperazinyl-groups were investigated. The formation of cyclized by-products was not observed, which contrasts with the fluorination of aliphatic dialkylamino-substituted carboxylic acids. From such methyl 2-cyclic amino-propionates [cyclic amino-group: a pyrrolidino, a morpholino or a piperidino-group], the perfluorinated methyl esters were obtained together with the corresponding perfluoroacid fluorides in yields of 1∼2 % and 14∼29 % respectively. The formation of the former compounds is ascribed to the blocking effect of the bulky cyclic amino-groups. The physical properties of the new compounds obtained are reported together with their spectral ( 19 F NMR, Mass and IR) data.
Deformation and subcritical crack growth under static loading

Abstract To examine the effect of creep deformation rate on crack growth, an analytical relationship between the kinetics of crack growth in an inert environment and the deformation kinetics is developed by combining a tensile ligament instability model for crack growth with Hart's model for uniaxial creep deformation. The modified model was examined in terms of the steady state creep and crack growth data of Landes and Wei on AISI 4340 steel at 297, 353 and 413 K (i.e. below the homologous temperature of about 450 K). The model was found to be effective in describing the crack growth response at high stress intensity factor K levels and showed a threshold crack growth behavior at lower K levels. Changes in crack growth response with deformation mechanism and the need for additional experimental confirmation are discussed.
Variation in human fungiform taste bud densities among regions and subjects

Taste sensitivity is known to vary among regions of the tongue and between subjects. The distribution of taste buds on the human tongue is examined in this report to determine if interregional and intersubject variation of taste bud density might account for some of the variation in human taste sensitivity. The subjects were ten males, aged 22–80 years, who died from acute trauma or an acute cardiovascular episode. Specimens were obtained as anatomical gifts or from autopsy. A sample of tissue about 1 cm2 was taken from the tongue tip and midlateral region; frozen sections were prepared for light microscopy; and serial sections were examined by light microscopy to count the taste buds. The average taste bud (tb) density on the tongue tip was 116 tb/cm2 with a range from 3.6 to 514 among subjects. The number of gustatory papillae on the tip averaged 24.5 papillae/cm2 with a range from 2.4 to 80. Taste bud density in the midregion averaged 25.2 tb/ cm2 (range: 0–85.9), and the mean number of gustatory papillae was 8.25/cm2 (range: 0–28). The mean number of taste buds per papilla was 3.8 ± 2.2 (s.d.) on the tip and 2.6 ± 1.5 (s.d.) on the midregion. Subjects with the highest taste bud densities on the tip also had the highest densities in the midregion and the highest number of taste buds per papilla. Taste bud density was 4.6 times higher on the tip than the midregion, which probably accounts for some of the regional difference in taste sensitivity. The difference of more than 2 log units in taste bud density probably accounts for some differences in taste sensitivity among human subjects.
Assessing Teacher Candidate Growth over Time: Embedded Signature Assessments.

(2005). Assessing Teacher Candidate Growth over Time: Embedded Signature Assessments. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 78, No. 4, pp. 151-157.
Evaluation of serum eosinophil cationic protein as a predictive marker for asthma exacerbation in patients with persistent disease.

Summary Background Eosinophilic inflammation is a feature of asthma. However, serological markers to indicate eosinophil activation in this process are not fully defined. Objective To evaluate the relationship of serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) to asthma worsening and a marker for treatment effectiveness, 26 adult patients with an asthma exacerbation were identified. Methods Identified asthma subjects were treated with oral corticosteroids (prednisone) for 14 days. The lung function variables, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF), were determined as percentage of predicted and the blood total eosinophil count and serum ECP levels were measured. Patients were re-evaluated after 14 days of corticosteroid treatment and then every 3 months thereafter during a 12-month period. Results Eighteen patients responded to prednisone treatment, whereas eight did not, assessed as improvement of their lung function parameters. Different serum ECP patterns could be seen in the responders compared with the non-responders. All 18 responders had considerably increased serum ECP at the time of exacerbation, whereas the non-responders had lower serum ECP levels. The serum ECP levels decreased to a greater extent in the responder patient group than in the non-responder patients following prednisone treatment. This difference in patterns was not seen with total blood eosinophil counts. Conclusion Our findings suggest that serum ECP may be used to predict a response to corticosteroid therapy in adult patients with asthma.
Technique for Monitoring Cardiac Function without Handling or Restraining the Animal

The method presented in this paper allows the long-term recording of HR in an unrestrained animal, housed in the actual experimental cage, with permanently attached recording leads. Using this technique, it is possible to employ automated apparatus and programming equipment and to experiment with more than one animal at a time in a research area which has not been characterized by such procedures. Techniques for the construction of rat-proof leads, a terminal to which the leads are attached, a commutator, and the surgical procedure for implanting the terminal, were described.
Understanding advice in supportive interactions: Beyond the facework and message evaluation paradigm

Previous research on advice in supportive interactions has focused on the influence of facework, and has not systematically considered the effects of advice content. Further, this research has obtained quality evaluations of researcher-constructed messages rather than assessing the outcomes of naturally occurring advice. The current study examines the relative influence of advice content characteristics (usefulness, feasibility, and absence of limitations), facework, and support-seekers' receptiveness to advice on advice message quality evaluations and advice outcomes (facilitation of coping, sufficiency of support, and intention to implement the advice). Participants (N = 280) completed questionnaires reporting on a recent instance of receiving advice with regard to a personal problem. Results indicated that the predictor variables had diverse impacts on message evaluations and outcomes. Absence of limitations and support-seeker receptiveness to advice had the most consistent influence across the dependent variables. Facework had a less consistent influence, but did have a major impact on facilitation of coping.
Emergent fears during treatment of three obsessive compulsives: Symptom substitution or deconditioning?

Abstract The emergence of new fears during treatment by flooding of three obsessive compulsives is described, and its theoretical implications are discussed. Two characteristics which differentiate these patients from others are their initial failure to anticipate disastrous or shameful consequences and the unusually rapid extinction of the originally reported fears. Their initial unawareness of these fears seems to result from conditioned inhibition. The originally reported fears and the emergent ones belonged to the same theme, the former occupying the lower part of the hierarchy and the latter the higher part. Emergence of these fears was facilitated by generalization of deconditioning along the treated dimension.
Dermal heat transport analysis for transcutaneous O2 measurement .

Heat from a transcutaneous oxygen electrode is transmitted locally to the blood beneath it causing a shift in the HbO2 dissociation curve. This increases the local PO2, and allows a measurable PO2, at the skin surface. The temperature effect on the HbO2, curve must be accounted for in in vivo calibration of Ptco2, data. To do this, the capillary blood temperature beneath the electrode must be known. A heat balance is written around the capillary blood with heat being conducted in from the electrode and carried out by two means: conduction to deep tissue; and transport away by the flowing capillary blood. The following equation is the steady state solution of the heat transport problem: T8 = ± where Z = ± = 0.17 T8, = capillary blood temperature T1 = electrode temperature To = body temperature ρ = blood density P = cutaneous perfusion δ = dermal capillary depth k = thermal conductivity of skin C± = heat capacity of blood This solution shows the capillary blood temperature may be calculated if the T1 and To are measured and the physiologic constants in 2 are known. 2 is a dimensionless heat transport number which represents the relative importance of perfusion to conduction effects on the deterring T8, and may be used as a data correlating parameter. Z = 0.17 is obtained using literature values for the physiological constants. This analysis used in conjunction with a mass transport analysis for oxygen will produce a theoretically based correlation scheme for in vivo calibration of heated transcutaneous oxygen electrodes.
The Effects of Freestream Turbulence on Serpentine Diffuser Distortion Patterns

Serpentine diffusers have become a common feature in modern aircraft as they allow for certain benefits that are impossible with a traditional linear configuration. With the benefits, however, come certain disadvantages, namely flow distortions that reduce engine efficiency and decrease engine surge margin. This study investigates how varying the freestream turbulence intensity of the flow entering a serpentine diffuser affects the distortion patterns produced by the diffuser. Experiments were performed with a model serpentine diffuser on the Annular Cascade Facility of the Air Force Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. Hot wire anemometry was used to measure inlet turbulence, while static pressure probes located axially along the upper and lower surface of the model diffuser and total pressure probes located across the aerodynamic interface plane (AIP) were used to measure the distortion patterns of the flow passing through the diffuser. Varying levels of inlet freestream turbulence, ranging from 0 to 4%, were generated. Axial static pressure measurements indicate that increasing turbulence slightly affects flow separation development downstream of the second turn. This effect is also seen at the AIP where the total pressure recovery increases with increasing level of inlet turbulence in the region of flow separation at the upper surface. The total pressure recovery along the lower surface is also seen to be increased with higher inlet turbulence. However, total pressure recovery increase across the entire AIP is almost negligible. Overall, the inlet freestream turbulence has a minor effect on the distortion patterns caused by the serpentine diffuser when compared with proven active inlet flow control methods.
The acute immunological response to blood transfusion is influenced by polymicrobial sepsis

Blood transfusion is a well-established risk factor for adverse outcomes during sepsis. The specific mechanisms responsible for this effect remain elusive, and few studies have investigated this phenomenon in a model that reflects not only the clinical circumstances in which blood is transfused, but also how packed red blood cells (PRBCs) are created and stored. Using a cecal ligation and puncture model of polymicrobial sepsis as well as creating murine allogeneic and stored PRBCs in a manner that replicates the clinical process, we have demonstrated that transfusion of PRBCs induces numerous effects on leukocyte subpopulations. In polymicrobial sepsis, these responses are profoundly dissimilar to the proinflammatory effects of PRBC transfusion observed in the healthy mouse. Transfused septic mice, as opposed to mice receiving crystalloid resuscitation, had a significant loss of blood, spleen, and bone marrow lymphocytes, especially those with an activated phenotype. Myeloid cells behaved similarly, although they were able to produce more reactive oxygen species. Overall, transfusion in the septic mouse may contribute to the persistent immune dysfunction known to be associated with this process, rather than simply promote proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects on the host. Thus, it is possible that blood transfusion contributes to the multiple known effects of sepsis on leukocyte populations that have been shown to result in increased morbidity and mortality.
Teaching Multi-Dimensional Views of Health: Macro Methods in Health Education

(1997). Teaching Multi-Dimensional Views of Health: Macro Methods in Health Education. Journal of Health Education: Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 388-390.
Acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) depolymerization: The synthesis of 1,4-polybutadiene telechelics

ADMET depolymerization is a viable route in the formation of tailored-molecular-weight polybutadiene telechelics. The bulk depolymerization requirement is met by initially forming macrocyclic butadiene, thereby decreasing the amount of macrocyclic formation. This synthetic scheme is capable of generating well-defined, tailored-molecular-weight polybutadiene telechelics (Mn = 2600).
Magmatism in an extensional setting within the Bronson Hill belt: the Chickwolnepy Intrusions of northern New Hampshire

Abstract The Chickwolnepy Intrusions (CI) in northern New Hampshire are some of the oldest rocks within the Bronson Hill belt and consist of metamorphosed sheeted diabase dikes, gabbro and tonalite. They intruded into the Early Ordovician Dead River Formation and at least some of the basalts of the Middle Ordovician Ammonoosuc Volcanics during the Middle Ordovician. The presence of sheeted dikes indicates lithospheric extension was occurring during intrusion. Mafic magma intruded repeatedly into sheeted dikes within a central zone which was undergoing extension. Many dikes reached the surface to form lava flows of the Ammonoosuc Volcanics, as evidenced by the very similar chemical composition of the dikes and volcanics in the area. The last mafic magma to be intruded had distinctively lower concentrations of Ti and incompatible trace elements. Dikes with this chemical signature are restricted to the central zone and are interpreted to mark the location of a former spreading axis. The heat from repeated intrusion of mafic magma likely caused partial melting of hydrated basaltic rocks to create local intrusions of trondhjemite, and perhaps melting of adjacent metasedimentary rocks to create granitic magma which was emplaced as the adjacent Cambridge Black pluton (CBP). The last magmatism within the Chickwolnepy was the intrusion of two large tonalite bodies, one of which has been dated at 467±4 Ma. This date marks the end of magmatism and extension in the Chickwolnepy, and shows that the CI are some of the oldest igneous rocks of the Bronson Hill belt. The geochemistry of the mafic rocks indicates the magmas were generated in a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) position. Thus, the CI contain evidence that the Bronson Hill belt was in a SSZ setting and was undergoing extension early in its magmatic history. The extension was perpendicular to the length of the incipient Bronson Hill arc and was likely the result of oblique plate convergence along an uneven plate margin as subduction began.
WLAN scanning strategies for RSSI-based positioning

We present a novel scanning algorithm to enable mobile units to obtain measurements from surrounding access points for indoor positioning using the wireless local area network (WLAN) infrastructure. Our scanning algorithm adapts to minimize its impact on network throughput and battery power consumption while meeting a target positioning accuracy. This is achieved by using a learning procedure that dynamically adapts the parameters of the WLAN scanning procedure. Further, we show static algorithms that do not consider high-traffic scenarios will not only fail to meet positioning accuracy targets, but they also severely degrade network throughput
Mediated user-simulator interactive command with visualization (MUSIC-V)

A network simulator coupled with a visualization package enables the human visual system to analyze the results of network modeling as a supplement to hard data analysis. This research takes the next step in network simulator and visualization suite interaction. A mediator (or run-time infrastructure (RTI) in the literature) provides researchers the potential to interact with a simulation as it executes. Utilizing TCP/IP sockets, the mediator has the capability to connect multiple visualization packages to a single simulation. This new tool allows researchers to change simulation parameters on the fly without restarting the network simulation.
Materials selection for gas sensing. An HSAB perspective

This paper introduces the Hard Soft Acid Base (HSAB) concept as a promising tool for the selection of gas sensing layers. Target gas molecule — sensitive layer tandems are discussed and interpreted in the terms of this theory. Sensing layers suitable for carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide detection are presented and classified according to this concept. For oxygen and mineral acids detection, an indirect HSAB approach is discussed. The paper explains how the HSAB principle can be useful in designing gas sensing layers for different types of sensing structures, such as: surface acoustic waves (SAW), colorimetric, chemoresistive, etc.
Broad and strong: the ultimate antibody to dengue virus

The identification of a new class of cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies that strongly neutralize all four serotypes of dengue virus has important implications for vaccine design as well as for the evaluation of vaccines and of natural infection with dengue virus.
Selfconsistent calculation of nuclear equilibrium deformations

The Bogoliubov method of general linear transformations is applied to a selfconsistent calculation of deformed shapes of Rare Earth Nuclei and light nuclei around Mg24. Nucleon-nucleon forces of finite range and different spin-dependence and exchange character are used. The dependence of the deformation on the particle number and the different components of the nuclear interaction is investigated.
The Way from the Ideal of Science: The Other Motivation for the Transcendental Phenomenological Reduction in the Doctoral Dissertation of Dorion Cairns

Cairns presents a plausible two-part, step by step, approach seemingly developed in Husserl’s “workshop” to transcendental phenomenology that is independent of culture and history, refines a concept of knowledge and its references to worldly things, encounters a difficulty, and resolves it through recognition of a non-worldly apodictic core of consciousness distinct from being in the real temporal, spatial, and causal world.
Evolution, adaptation, and supercoiling.

Geometrical and, to some extent, physical and informational properties of covalently closed DNA molecules (or molecules that can be ideally viewed as closed) are determined by their connectivity, i.e., the number of times one strand of DNA is topologically linked to another. Any link that cannot be
Melting Earth's Core

Earth's predominantly iron core is under extreme pressures that range from 136 to 364 GPa (100 GPa ∼ 1 million atm). The core consists of an outer layer that is molten and a solid inner core. The temperature of the core region can be estimated if the melting temperature of iron under such extreme pressures can be determined. Pressures and temperatures corresponding to the conditions at the core can be generated in the laboratory by using two gem-quality single-crystal diamonds coupled with laser heating (see the figure). The challenge, however, is how to accurately determine the melting point under such extremes. On page 464 of this issue, Anzellini et al. ( 1 ) use fast in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction to study melting in the laser-heated diamond-anvil cell. The accurate determination of the melting temperature of iron provides an important constraint on the core temperature, which is essential to understanding how the dynamic Earth works, including its heat budget, generation of its magnetic field, and the thermal evolution of the planet.
Evaluation of the expansion of Joint IP Modem to support DVB-RCS2 (April 2012)

In 2006 the Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) Joint Internet Protocol Modem (JIPM) Product Management Office (PMO) took the initiative to define a standard interoperable IP modem with transmission security. One of the prime motivations was to reduce the costs associated with operating the relatively large number of different proprietary IP modems with similar performance and capabilities, performing similar functions, which are inefficiently consuming precious Military Satellite Communication (MILSATCOM) bandwidth. In March 2010, the Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) organization released DVB Document A155-1 in support of Second Generation DVB Interactive Satellite System (DVB-RCS2), with a similar objective brought forth by commercial satellite operators to reduce equipment costs by promoting economies of scale and increased interoperable solutions among IP modem vendors, while also lowering operational costs through increases in power and bandwidth efficiencies. Recently, the commercial market has started to express a need for transmission security (TRANSEC), which DVB-RCS2 aims to provide through a more effective and interoperable TRANSEC capability. The JIPM Interoperability Document was released in September 2010 through a Request for Information (RFI) to the IP modem industry. As a result of this exercise, the JIPM PMO has recognized an increased acceptance by the commercial industry in support of DVB-RCS2. This paper will evaluate the potential impacts of transitioning JIPM to DVB-RCS2, including an assessment as to whether DVB-RCS2 meets the objectives of the JIPM PMO1.
On use of ANOVA in developmental research.

HALE, GORDON A. On Use of ANOVA in Developmental Research. Cmwn DEVELOPMENT, 1977, 48, 1101-1106. It is demonstrated that the standard age effect in analysis of variance provides an ineffective means of assessing developmental change when several age levels are involved and a roughly monotonic trend can be expected. Planned trend tests are recommended as an alternative approach, and the merits of the proposed alternative are shown in reanalysis of published data.
Method for Radioiodination of Proteins Using N-Succinimidyl 3-Hydroxy-4-iodobenzoate

A conjugation method has been developed for the radioiodination of proteins which should be adaptable to kit formulation. m-Hydroxybenzoic acid was converted to 3-hydroxy-4-[131I]iodobenzoic acid in 65% radiochemical yield using Chloramine-T as the oxidant. This intermediate was then converted to N-succinimidyl 3-hydroxy-4-[131I]iodobenzoate ([131I]mSHIB) in 75% yield by reaction with N-hydroxysuccinimide and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in a reaction time of only 10 min. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 81C6 was labeled in 40−60% yield by reaction with [131I]mSHIB. Performing purifications of radioiodinated compounds using cartridges instead of HPLC did not alter conjugation efficiency, mAb immunoreactivity, or tissue distribution. Thyroid uptake of labeled mAb was low but up to 2.4 times higher than that seen when the mAb was labeled with N-succinimidyl 3-[125I]iodobenzoate. These results suggest that [131I]mSHIB may be a useful reagent for the radioiodination of proteins, particularly in contexts when less compli...
Theory of X-ray emission satellite band shapes

Abstract A change of self-consistent-field (ΔSCF) model is used to compute the effects of electron-hole interactions on the shapes of satellite X-ray bands of free-electron metals. These bands are emitted when a conduction electron annihilates one of two core holes orbiting a single atom.
Pervasive Faint Fe XIX Emission from a Solar Active Region Observed with EUNIS-13: Evidence For Nanoflare Heating

We present spatially resolved EUV spectroscopic measurements of pervasive, faint Fe XIX 592.2 ? line emission in an active region observed during the 2013 April 23 flight of the Extreme Ultraviolet Normal Incidence Spectrograph (EUNIS-13) sounding rocket instrument. With cooled detectors, high sensitivity, and high spectral resolution, EUNIS-13 resolves the lines of Fe XIX at 592.2 ? (formed at temperature T 8.9 MK) and Fe XII at 592.6 ? (T 1.6 MK). The Fe XIX line emission, observed over an area in excess of 4920 arcsec2 (2.58 ? 109?km2, more than 60% of the active region), provides strong evidence for the nanoflare heating model of the solar corona. No GOES events occurred in the region less than 2 hr before the rocket flight, but a microflare was observed north and east of the region with RHESSI and EUNIS during the flight. The absence of significant upward velocities anywhere in the region, particularly the microflare, indicates that the pervasive Fe XIX emission is not propelled outward from the microflare site, but is most likely attributed to localized heating (not necessarily due to reconnection) consistent with the nanoflare heating model of the solar corona. Assuming ionization equilibrium we estimate Fe XIX/Fe XII emission measure ratios of ~0.076 just outside the AR core and ~0.59 in the core.
Parallel and Reciprocal Processes in Psychoanalytic Supervision

The question of what comprises psychoanalytic training—how best to teach a candidate how to become an analyst—has had a long and checkered history. Much has been written over the last 70 years. It is apparent that major shifts have occurred in the definition of supervision, the model for learning in supervision, the use of the analytic versus the didactic teaching method between student and supervisor, and how the supervisor uses himself with his student. These issues remain central and unresolved. I believe they reflect current changes in our understanding of how the analyst can best use himself with his patient. Concepts such as Langs’s (1976) bipersonal field and H. S. Sullivan’s (1954) participant-observation come to mind.
Executive function and latent classes of childhood obesity risk

Executive function (EF) is the set of neuro-cognitive processes associated with self-regulation, decision-making, and goal-directed behavior. The goal of this study is to examine cross-sectional relationships between EF and latent classes of youth characterized by patterns of obesity-related health behaviors (i.e., high fat/high sugar intake, fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and dieting). Participants were 997 4th grade youth in a school-based obesity prevention program. Cross-sectional relationships at study baseline between established latent classes of obesity risk and EF problems were assessed. General linear models demonstrated that EF problems were associated with classification into two unhealthy latent obesity risk classes. One potential implication of study findings is that obesity intervention efforts include EF promotion content tailored for latent classes of youth at different levels of obesity risk.
Integrating analytical models with descriptive system models: implementation of the OMG SyML standard for the tool-specific case of MapleSim and MagicDraw

Abstract The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is investing heavily in the development of an infrastructure for building system models using the Systems Modeling Language (SysML). An essential component is a transformation apparatus that permits diverse models to be integrated independently of their nature (e.g. declarative, analytical and statistical). This paper presents one useful case: the integration of analytical models expressed using the Modelica language. Modelica is an open standard, declarative, multi-domain modeling language that allows for complex dynamic systems to be modeled. Maplesoft's MapleSim is one software tool that supports the Modelica language. The tool-neutral specification for the transformation between the languages Modelica and SysML is defined in the SysML-Modelica transformation specification (SyML) standard published by the Object Management Group (OMG). As part of the development efforts, said specification has been implemented using the Query-View- Transformation Operational (QVTO) language. During the process, several critical changes to the current SyML standard were proposed. Furthermore, a number of current limitations related to MapleSim were identified. Despite these issues, a proof-of- concept transformation was successfully implemented. In conclusion, the integration of complex simulation models conforming to the Modelica language with SysML-based system models has shown great promise and is a highly useful tool to support the decision making process in design.
Automated underwriting in mortgage lending: Good news for the underserved?

Abstract Automated underwriting (AU) systems have become the tool of choice in mortgage lending decisions. While these systems provide significant benefits to mortgage originators and investors, questions have been raised about their impact on underserved populations. The questions focus on the relative accuracy of AU compared with manual underwriting and whether AU has increased the flow of mortgage credit to underserved consumers. Using information from Freddie Mac's Loan Prospector AU service, we provide statistics useful in examining these issues. The data strongly support our view that AU provides substantial benefits to consumers, particularly those at the margin of the underwriting decision. We find evidence that AU systems more accurately predict default than manual underwriters do. We also find evidence that this increased accuracy results in higher borrower approval rates, especially for underserved applicants.
A self-coördinating bus route to resist bus bunching

The primary challenge for an urban bus system is to maintain constant headways between successive buses. Most bus systems try to achieve this by adherence to a schedule; but this is undermined by the tendency of headways to collapse, so that buses travel in bunches. To counter this, we propose a new method of coordinating buses. Our method abandons the idea of a schedule and even any a priori target headway. Under our scheme headways are dynamically self-equalizing and the natural headway of the system tends to emerge spontaneously. Headways also become self-correcting in that after disturbances they reequalize without intervention by management or even awareness of the drivers. We report on a successful implementation to control a bus route in Atlanta.
On the interaction of oxygen with Nb(110) and Nb(750)

Abstract The interaction of Nb(110) and Nb(750) with oxygen has been studied using LEED, AES, SIMS and ELS. The Nb single-crystal samples contained an amount of ≈ 0.1 at.% oxygen dissolved in the bulk as determined by microhardness measurements. Segregation of oxygen from the bulk to the surface results in a very complex LEED pattern on Nb(110) which corresponds to about two thirds of a monolayer of chemisorbed oxygen. Oxygen segregation causes the Nb(750) surface to break up into (110) terraces and (310) steps with a minimum length of ≈ 50 A. At temperatures below ≈ 200°C, a very thin oxide layer builds up when admitting oxygen from the gas phase to the surfaces. For P O 2 ⩽ 5 × 10 -8 Torr, the film teaches its final thickness of 5–6 A after exposures to several hundred Langmuirs. AES, SIMS and ELS measurements suggest that the topmost layer of the oxide consists of a highly irregular two-dimensional network of NbO 6 octahedra linked together in a way to yield the stoichiometry of Nb 2 O 5 . At temperatures > 250°C the oxide film decomposes rapidly, probably by oxygen diffusion into the bulk, and the complex chemisorbed oxygen overlayer is restored.
A new subfamily of Trichomycteridae (Teleostei, Siluriformes), lower loricarioid relationships and a discussion on the impact of additional taxa for phylogenetic analysis

The Copionodontinae is described as a new subfamily of the neotropical catfish family Trichomycteridae. It comprises two new genera and three new species from north-eastern Brazil: Copionodon gen. nov. (including C. pecten sp. nov. and C. orthiocarinatus sp. nov.) and Glaphyropoma gen nov. (including G. rodriguesi sp. nov.) The Copionodontinae can be diagnosed externally by the anterior position of the dorsal fin, the presence of a well-developed adipose fin, and the strongly spatulate shape of the jaw teeth. The subfamily is hypothesized as monophyletic on the basis of several synapomorphies in internal and external anatomy. Copionodontines have the plesiomorphic condition of several characters, relative to all other trichomycterids, including the presence of ductus pneumaticus; the possession of separate pterosphenoids, sphenotics and prootics; the presence of the intercalarium; the complete infraorbital latero-sensory canal; the presence of the interhyal; and the wide lateral opening of the swimbladder capsule. Elsewhere within trichomycterids, these primitive traits are found only in Trichogenes. These and other characters support the hypothesis that copionodontines are the plesiomorphic sister group of all other trichomycterids, and that Trichogenes is their next successive sister group. Contrary to the currently accepted hypothesis, the monotypic Nematogenyidae is proposed as the sister group of the Trichomycteridae, and not of all remaining loricarioids. This change is to a major extent induced by the inclusion of copionodontines and Trichogenes in the analysis of lower loricarioid relationships. The present case is given as an example of the impact that undiscovered taxa, fossil or Recent, may have upon hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships.
Nitrogen Metabolism in Paramecium aurelia

Nitrogen in cell fractions of Paramecium aurelia varied according to the growth medium. Trichloroacetic acid-soluble fractions of cells were chromatographer. Adenine, adenosine, guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, lysine, proline, and phenylalanine were identified. Fyrimidines and xanthine, or their respective ribosides and ribotides, were not detected. Ammonia was released into the medium by both actively growing and “resting” cells. Culture fluids of “resting”cells also contained hypoxanthine and lesser amounts of adenine and guanine. Urea, uric acid, creatine, cretonne, and ailantoin were absent. Pyrimidine nitrogen seems excreted as dihydrouracil. The following enzymes were detected in homogenates and cell-free preparations: nucleotidases, nucleoside hydrolases, and cytidine deaminase. Urease, uricase, adenase, guanase, xanthine oxidase, adenosine deaminase, and 5′-adenylic acid deaminase were not present in this organism. Purine and pyrimidine incorporation into nucleic acids was investigated by the use of radioactive tracers. Guanosine gives rise to nucleic-acid guanine and adenine; adenosine was precursor to nucleic acid adenine only. Formate was incorporated into purines; glycine was not. P. aurelia can interconvert cytidine and uridine; both give rise to nucleic acid thymine. The methyl group of thymine may be derived from formate.
In situ Synthesis of High Refractive Index PDMS/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites

Organic-inorganic hybrids have been prepared with tailorable and enhanced properties which are unachievable using polymers or ceramics alone. By combining the flexibility of polymers with the electronic and optical properties of ceramic materials, these hybrids offer great potential for many optical, electrical and mechanical applications. Silicone polymers because of their desirable surface properties, excellent physical properties, heat stability, and high resistance to chemical and UV attack, have been widely used. Hybrid siloxane-metal oxide gels have been prepared via sol-gel techniques, by using hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS) crosslinked by metallic alkoxides, M(OR)n. In this technique, the use of organic solvents permits organic and inorganic components to be combined at a molecular level with the desired composition. By varying the type and percentage of metal alkoxides during synthesis, transparent and homogeneous organic-inorganic hybrid materials with unique properties were obtained. Also a secondary metal oxide species was introduced to synthesize binary metal oxide-PDMS hybrids. Systematic experiments were carried out to study the effect of the reaction conditions and metal alkoxides-PDMS ratios on the properties of the final hybrids. These hybrids were spin coating on silicon wafers or molded into bulk films to be tested. The composition and the properties of the transparent inorganic-organic hybrids were investigated and characterized by ellipsometer and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Experimental results showed that the refractive index of the hybrid materials exhibits a proportional relationship with the metal oxide content, the higher the metal oxide content the higher the refractive index. The refractive index was increased from 1.4 of PDMS to 1.7 of metal oxide-PDMS hybrid with highest prepared metal oxide loading. From the FTIR spectra, the structures of the hybrids for various metal oxide-PDMS compositions were examined.
Scleraxis (Scx) directs lacZ expression in tendon of transgenic mice

Abstract Scleraxis is a transcription factor expressed during early periods of mouse tendon morphogenesis. We have determined that tendon is first clearly present in mouse limb at embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) and, by in situ hybridization, that scleraxis is expressed in the mouse tendons at E14.5. We have also investigated the regulatory elements that direct scleraxis gene expression to the limb tendons. DNA constructs were engineered such that the lacZ reporter gene was expressed under the control of portions of scleraxis regulatory regions. Transgenic mice carrying these constructs were made and expression of the construct was monitored by staining for β-galactosidase activity. A construct containing 7 Kbp of 5′ flanking sequence, the intron, both exons and 1.8 Kbp of 3′ flanking sequence was expressed in a pattern that closely resembled the endogenous scleraxis gene. Mouse embryos carrying this construct expressed lacZ in their limb flexor and extensor tendons at E14.5. The lacZ stain in tendon was readily distinguished from -muscle using an anti-myosin heavy chain antibody to visualize muscle. Deletion of the intron, exons and 3′ flanking region did not affect the pattern of tendon expression in the limbs of E14.5 transgenic mice. Additional constructs which deleted 5′ flanking sequences up to −355 bp from the published cDNA sequence, showed limb tendon expression that was similar to the endogenous gene. When an additional 160 bp were deleted so that only ∼200 bp of 5′ flanking region was directing lacZ expression, no β-galactosidase activity was observed in the tendons.