cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Possessors move through the edge, too

This paper discusses possessor sub-extraction in Indonesian, Javanese and Madurese, and its implications for phase-based A-bar extraction of nominals. I show that possessors may extract from their possessive DPs and occur at the left edge of the clause. I argue that the suffix that occurs on the possessum (Indonesian -nya , Javanese -ne , Madurese -Nah ) is the pronunciation of the functional head D rather than a pronominal possessor or resumptive pronoun. While the extraction of verbal arguments has been well studied in Indonesian languages, possessor sub-extraction provides a novel set of data that contributes to the discussion on the relationship between voice and nominal extraction. In these languages, voice morphology on the verb must reflect extraction of a low nominal, whether a verbal argument or a possessor. This pattern shows that the functional head Voice regulates A-bar extraction of all nominals that begin in the complement of the verb: the extracted nominal undergoes successive-cyclic movement through the edge of DP, then the edge of VoiceP, before landing in its surface position in CP. This movement is marked by morphological wh-agreement in the nominal and verbal domain. Possessor extraction thus has implications for theories of nominal extraction, phases and clause structure in Indonesian-type languages.
The Need for Digital Workplace: Increasing Workforce Productivity in the Information Age

Advances in communications, combined with lifestyle trends, point to a future workforce that is more productive and more capable than ever before. Employees are becoming increasingly dissatisfied with workplace capabilities as communications and productivity technology advances. Employees feel that their workplace is not smart enough and they are ready for a workplace that can accommodate their changing lifestyles. The past few years have seen an explosion in the use of smart workplace technologies. Interest in exploiting digital workplaces and smart offices is increasing, and deployments are gaining momentum. Yet the adoption rate is slow, and organizations are only beginning to scratch the surface in regard to the potential applications of smart workplace technologies. Implemented properly, the business benefits of digital workplaces can be substantial. This article explores the changing dimensions of the workplace. It highlights the importance of smart workplace technologies, identifies determinants of implementation success, and covers some of the potential benefits. Finally, this study reviews the successful implementation of smart workplace technologies in a small service industry.
Age of Information for Queues in Tandem

As a stepping stone towards understanding the freshness of information in multi-hop networks, we study the age of information metric for queues in tandem. Applying the recent stochastic hybrid systems approach for age of information, we derive the average age for two non-preemptive first-come, first-served queues in tandem with memoryless arrival and departure processes and queue capacities equal to 1. We verify our results via simulation, and we also simulate the case of infinite capacity queues in tandem for up to four hops. Our simulations include cases with deterministic arrival or departure processes, and we assess the impact of the number of hops in the line network on the average age for the various models. We observe that for queues in tandem with a memoryless arrival process and memoryless departures, as the number of hops increase, the average age increases linearly at high arrival rates. For memoryless arrivals and deterministic departures, the ages increase sublinearly, while for deterministic arrivals and memoryless departures, the ages increase superlinearly at high arrival rates. We also study the behavior of the optimal arrival rates as a function of the number of hops, and we observe that the optimal arrival rate decreases with the number of hops when the departure process is memoryless, but for deterministic departure processes, the optimal arrival rate is independent of the number of hops.
Eliminating Light-Shift Jumps in Rb Atomic Clocks: Active Stabilization of RF-Discharge Lamp Brightness

It has been established that the random-walk frequency noise of GPS-IIR rubidium (Rb) atomic clocks is driven by rf-discharge lamplight instability. Briefly, jumps in Rb light from the lamp result in jumps in clock frequency via the light-shift effect. These lamp jumps follow a compound Poisson process, and yield instability in the clock frequency that has an Allan deviation (ADEV) that mimics the ADEV of a continuous Wiener process. Quite likely this same mechanism drives random-walk frequency noise in all high-quality Rb atomic clocks, motivating means for its mitigation. One approach is to remove the effects of lamplight jumps in post-processing by measuring changes in lamplight brightness and knowing how those map to clock frequency via the light-shift coefficient. Another approach, and the one discussed here, actively stabilizes lamp brightness by controlling the rf-power driving the discharge. Specifically, we show that rf-power control can significantly reduce an rf-discharge lamp's brightness fluctuations, and that it can eliminate lamplight jumps defined by a compound Poisson process.
Demonstration of Space-Time Wave Packets That Travel in Optical Materials at the Speed of Light in Vacuum

We synthesize optical wave packets that travel in transparent non-dispersive materials (liquids, glasses, and sapphire) at the speed of light in vacuum, independently of the refractive index, by introducing carefully designed spatio-temporal field spectral correlations.
Osteogenic benefits of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and vibration in a rodent osseointegration model.

Author(s): Ruppert, David S; Harrysson, Ola LA; Marcellin-Little, Denis J; Bollenbecker, Seth; Weinhold, Paul S | Abstract: ObjectivesOsseointegrated prostheses are increasingly used for amputees, however, the lengthy rehabilitation time of these prostheses remains a challenge to their implementation. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of locally applied vibration or low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) to accelerate osseointegration and increase peri-implant bone volume.MethodsA 4-week and 8-week rodent study were conducted in a femoral intramedullary implant model (control, vibration, LIPUS, and combined treatment) to determine effects on healing. Osseointegration was evaluated quantitatively through mechanical, µCT and histological evaluations.ResultsMaximum pushout load at 4 weeks increased with LIPUS relative to control (37.7%, P=0.002). Histologically, LIPUS and vibration separately increased peri-implant bone formation after 4 weeks relative to control. Vibration resulted in greater peri-implant bone after 8 weeks than all other groups (25.7%, Pl0.001). However, no significant group differences in pushout load were noted at 8 weeks.ConclusionsAlthough vibration increased bone around implants, LIPUS was superior to vibration for accelerating osseointegration and increasing bone-implant failure loads at 4 weeks. However, the LIPUS benefits on osseointegration at 4 weeks were not sustained at 8 weeks.
Review: Ghost of a Person Passing in Front of the Flag by D.F. Brown (Bloomsday, 2018)

This is a 1200-word review of Vietnam veteran poet, D.F. Brown's, fourth collection of poetry.
Immune-related adverse events (irAE) to cancer immune checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) and survival outcomes: To rechallenge or not—An Appalachian experience.

81Background: The adoption of immunotherapy has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of many advanced stage malignancies. Patients with durable long term survival under cancer immunotherapy hav...
Impact of culture and/or religion on end of life decisions among advanced cancer patients in developing countries

Yevu Johnson J. S, MSN, RN, PhD Student, Fulbright Scholar ; Alexander G. L, PhD, RN, FAAN (University of Missouri, Columbia, Sinclair School of Nursing)
Association Between Uncemented vs Cemented Hemiarthroplasty and Revision Surgery Among Patients With Hip Fracture.

Importance Consensus guidelines and systematic reviews have suggested that cemented fixation is more effective than uncemented fixation in hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures. Given that these recommendations are based on research performed outside the United States, it is uncertain whether these findings also reflect the US experience. Objective To compare the outcomes associated with cemented vs uncemented hemiarthroplasty in a large US integrated health care system. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cohort study of 12 491 patients aged 60 years and older who underwent hemiarthroplasty treatment of a hip fracture between 2009 and 2017 at 1 of the 36 hospitals owned by Kaiser Permanente, a large US health maintenance organization. Patients were followed up until membership termination, death, or the study end date of December 31, 2017. Exposures Hemiarthroplasty (prosthetic replacement of the femoral head) fixation via bony growth into a porous-coated implant (uncemented) or with cement. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measure was aseptic revision, defined as any reoperation performed after the index procedure involving exchange of the existing implant for reasons other than infection. Secondary outcomes were mortality (in-hospital, postdischarge, and overall), 90-day medical complications, 90-day emergency department visits, and 90-day unplanned readmissions. Results Among 12 491 patients in the study cohort who underwent hemiarthroplasty for hip fracture (median age, 83 years; 8660 women [69.3%]), 6042 (48.4%) had undergone uncemented fixation and 6449 (51.6%) had undergone cemented fixation, and the median length of follow-up was 3.8 years. In the multivariable regression analysis controlling for confounders, uncemented fixation was associated with a significantly higher risk of aseptic revision (cumulative incidence at 1 year after operation, 3.0% vs 1.3%; absolute difference, 1.7% [95% CI, 1.1%-2.2%]; hazard ratio [HR], 1.77 [95% CI, 1.43-2.19];P Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with hip fracture treated with hemiarthroplasty in a large US integrated health care system, uncemented fixation, compared with cemented fixation, was associated with a statistically significantly higher risk of aseptic revision. These findings suggest that US surgeons should consider cemented fixation in the hemiarthroplasty treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the absence of contraindications.
Deep neural network inversion for 3D laser absorption imaging of methane in reacting flows.

Mid-infrared laser absorption imaging of methane in flames is performed with a learning-based approach to the limited view-angle inversion problem. A deep neural network is trained with superimposed Gaussian field distributions of spectral absorption coefficients, and the prediction capability is compared to linear tomography methods at a varying number of view angles for simulated fields representative of a flame pair. Experimental 3D imaging is demonstrated on a methane–oxygen laminar flame doublet (${\lt}\text{cm}$<cm) backlit with tunable radiation from an interband cascade laser near 3.16 µm. Spectrally resolved data at each pixel provide for species-specific projected absorbance. 2D images were collected at six projection angles on a high-speed infrared camera, yielding an aggregate of 27,648 unique lines of sight capturing the scene with a pixel resolution of $\sim 70$∼70 µm. Mole fraction measurements are inferred from the predicted absorption coefficient images using an estimated temperature field, showing consistency with expected values from reactant flow rates. To the authors’ knowledge, this work represents the first 3D imaging of methane in a reacting flow.
Paleo-Critical Zones, windows into the changing life and landscapes during the Quaternary Period

The Critical Zone (CZ) as visualized in 1998 was a way to integrate the research of the four scientific spheres (lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere) at the surface of Earth and to study the linkages, feedbacks and record of processes. Rather than closeting studies by a variety of disciplines into their respective pigeonholes the CZ perspective provides the symbiotic framework from which the tendrils of improved understanding can radiate outward to new disciplines and/or feedback into the component disciplines. During the last 2 decades, CZ research has been limited to the modern environment. Knowledge gained from the modern and the focus on interpreting ancient records allows for the development of paleo-CZs (PCZs). PCZs provide a powerful tool for improved understanding of the landscapes during the Quaternary Period and the response of this thin skin to glaciations, sea level fluctuations and evolving life. Case studies from hominins in East Africa and Homo sapiens in the Americas provide examples of the rich records stored in PCZs. As we move into the space age, the CZ can provide a platform from which to guide future exploration of the proto Critical Zones on the rocky planets and asteroids of our solar system.
#HereToStay: murals of resistance and civic engagement

Visual art provides a platform for activists to make political standpoints, highlight social struggles, and reinforce collective identities in a silent, yet powerful way. Protest art is a form of n...
Modulation of H+/H− exchange in iridium-hydride 2-hydroxypyridine complexes by remote Lewis acids

A series of iridium hydride complexes featuring dihydrogen bonding are presented and shown to undergo rapid H+/H− exchange (1240 s−1 at 25 °C). We demonstrate that the H+/H− exchange rate can be modified by post-synthetic modification at a remote site using BH3, Zn(C6F5)2, and [Me3O][BF4]. This route provides a complementary strategy to traditional methods that rely on pre-metalation modifications to a metal's primary sphere.
Advances in the Chilean Tsunami Warning System and Application of the TIME Project to the Chilean Coast

The Chilean coast is frequently exposed to the effects of near and far field tsunamis generated in the Pacific Ocean. For instance, the catastrophic events of 1868 and 1877 overwhelmed the coast of the northern region of the country. During this century, the most significant disaster was the 1960 Valdivia earthquake and tsunami. It is well known that this event had a great impact on the coasts of most of the coastal states in the Pacific Ocean, mostly in Hawaii and Japan. The most recent event recorded in the Chilean coast was the “good tsunami” which occurred in Antofagasta, 1995.
Political and Economic Factors in Occupational Health Work

Chapter 2 described recurring issues in toxic-substance control. Groups have financial and health-related interests in how technically uncertain questions are decided. This chapter will describe the resources of groups with stakes in regulatory activity, including labor, public interest groups, business groups, and the government itself. What kind of political, technical, and legal influence do these groups have? What forces encourage and restrict chemical regulation?
MO-D-BRD-01: Clinical Implementation of An Electronic Brachytherapy Program for the Skin

Electronic brachytherapy (eBT) has seen an insurgence of manufacturers entering the US market for use in radiation therapy. In addition to the established interstitial, intraluminary, and intracavitary applications of eBT, many centers are now using eBT to treat skin lesions. It is important for medical physicists working with electronic brachytherapy sources to understand the basic physics principles of the sources themselves as well as the variety of applications for which they are being used. The calibration of the sources is different from vendor to vendor and the traceability of calibrations has evolved as new sources came to market. In 2014, a new air-kerma based standard was introduced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to measure the output of an eBT source. Eventually commercial treatment planning systems should accommodate this new standard and provide NIST traceability to the end user. The calibration and commissioning of an eBT system is unique to its application and typically entails a list of procedural recommendations by the manufacturer. Commissioning measurements are performed using a variety of methods, some of which are modifications of existing AAPM Task Group protocols. A medical physicist should be familiar with the different AAPM Task Group recommendations for applicability to eBT and how to properly adapt them to their needs. In addition to the physical characteristics of an eBT source, the photon energy is substantially lower than from HDR Ir-192 sources. Consequently, tissue-specific dosimetry and radiobiological considerations are necessary when comparing these brachytherapy modalities and when making clinical decisions as a radiation therapy team. In this session, the physical characteristics and calibration methodologies of eBt sources will be presented as well as radiobiology considerations and other important clinical considerations. Learning Objectives: 1. To understand the basic principles of electronic brachytherapy and the various applications for which it is being used. 2. To understand the physics of the calibration and commissioning for electronic brachytherapy sources 3. To understand the unique radiobiology and clinical implementation of electronic brachytherapy systems for skin and IORT techniques Xoft, Inc. contributed funding toward development of the NIST electronic brachytherapy facility (Michael Mitch).The University of Wisconsin (Wesley Culberson) has received research support funding from Xoft, Inc. Zoubir Ouhib has received partial funding from Elekta Esteya.
Out of Style: Reanimating Stylistic Studies in Composition and Rhetoric, Paul Butler

Paul Butler's Out of Style: Reanimating Stylistic Studies in Composition and Rhetoric enters into several contentious conversations taking place in and around composition studies today. Ostensibly,...
Political Turnover, Taxes and the Shadow Economy

Several cross-section empirical studies argue that a higher tax burden or different indicators of statutory tax rates are associated with a smaller informal economy. I show that the turnover of governments provides the key to understanding this relation. To this end, I present evidence that once political turnover is controlled for, the data shows no association between the tax burden and the size of the informal economy. This result is empirically robust in a panel data consisting of 80 countries and 5 years. To account for this observation, I develop a dynamic political economy model with two political parties alternating in office. In equilibrium, if the incumbent party faces a higher probability of staying in office, it sets a higher tax rate to invest more in productive public capital, while spending less for current office rent. I argue that public capital is mainly utilized by the formal sector and this implies that countries in which incumbent parties are more likely to stay in power, have a higher tax burden but a smaller informal sector. Finally, I compare the model against the data and present evidence that my theory is consistent with empirical observations.
Isolation and identification of methylcitrate, a major metabolic product of propionate in patients with propionic acidemia.

Abstract The metabolic products of propionate metabolism in man were studied by determining the pattern of isotope in the urine following the intravenous injection of [1-14C]propionate. A major peak of radioactivity not present in control subjects was found in an organic acid in two patients with propionic acidemia and a patient with methylmalonic acidemia. This labeled compound was characterized as methylcitrate. Methylcitrate excretion was appreciable in patients with defective propionic acid metabolism and could be detected without administration of isotope. Methylcitrate is considered to be formed from the condensation of propionyl-CoA and oxalacetate. It could be involved in the pathogenesis of the clinical manifestations of these conditions.
When is an Alternative Forum Available? Rethinking the Forum Non Conveniens Analysis

INTRODUCTION 1059 I. TRACING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FORUM NON CONVENIENS DOCTRINE ..... 1062 II. A NEW TEST FOR AN ALTERNATIVE FORUM 1080 A. FACTOR ONE: WHETHER ALL DEFENDANTS ARE SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF FORUM TWO ACCORDING TO THE LAW OF FORUM TWO .. 1082 B. FACTOR TWO: WHETHER FORUM TWO PROVIDES A MEANINGFUL REMEDY 1087 C. FACTOR THREE: WHETHER THE PLAINTIFF WILL BE TREATED FAIRLY IN FORUM TWO 1094 D. FACTOR FOUR: WHETHER ALL PLAINTIFFS HAVE PRACTICAL ACCESS TO THE COURTS OF FORUM TWO 1097 E. FACTOR FIVE: WHETHER FORUM TWO PROVIDES PROCEDURAL DUE PROCESS 1103 F. FACTOR SIX: WHETHER FORUM TWO IS A STABLE FORUM 1105 G. SOME NONFACTORS 1106 H. WHEN SHOULD THE AAF TEST BE APPLIED? 1109 CONCLUSION 1110
MESSENGER solar scintillation measurements at superior solar conjunction

During the superior solar conjunction of spacecraft, the spacecraft have a very limited communication with the ground station due to the effects of the Sun on the RF signal transmission. Our analyses of data received during a recent solar conjunction of MESSENGER (MErcury Surface, Space ENivornment, GEochmeisty, and Ranging) shown that within the time during which a single frame is transmitted, the RF signal propagation is strongly dominated by amplitude scintillation. We observed frequency broadening in our data on a time scale that is on the order of hours. The scintillation index is also calculated. The X-band scintillation data follows a curve that is representative of Ka-band performance as predicted by a previous model.
A dual-isotope rubidium comagnetometer to search for anomalous long-range spin-mass (spin-gravity) couplings of the proton

The experimental concept of a search for a long-range coupling between rubidium (Rb) nuclear spins and the mass of the Earth is described. The experiment is based on simultaneous measurement of the spin precession frequencies for overlapping ensembles of Rb-85 and Rb-87 atoms contained within an evacuated, antirelaxation-coated vapor cell. Rubidium atoms are spin-polarized in the presence of an applied magnetic field by synchronous optical pumping with circularly polarized laser light. Spin precession is probed by measuring optical rotation of far-off-resonant, linearly polarized laser light. Simultaneous measurement of Rb-85 and Rb-87 spin precession frequencies enables suppression of magnetic-field-related systematic effects. The nuclear structure of the Rb isotopes makes the experiment particularly sensitive to anomalous spin-dependent interactions of the proton. Experimental sensitivity and a variety of systematic effects are discussed, and initial data are presented.
Thermal transport in tantalum oxide films for memristive applications

The thermal conductivity of amorphous TaOx memristive films having variable oxygen content is measured using time domain thermoreflectance. Thermal transport is described by a two-part model where the electrical contribution is quantified via the Wiedemann-Franz relation and the vibrational contribution by the minimum thermal conductivity limit for amorphous solids. The vibrational contribution remains constant near 0.9 W/mK regardless of oxygen concentration, while the electrical contribution varies from 0 to 3.3 W/mK. Thus, the dominant thermal carrier in TaOx switches between vibrations and charge carriers and is controllable either by oxygen content during deposition, or dynamically by field-induced charge state migration.
Using Species Distribution Modeling to contextualize Lower Magdalenian social networks visible through portable art stylistic similarities in the Cantabrian region (Spain)

This research argues for a refocus of the study of prehistoric social networks that involves contextualizing the inter-site links that are often interpreted as indicators of inter-site social interactions. It focuses on the social networks created during the Lower Magdalenian of the Cantabrian region (Spain), and visible through similarities of portable art representations. It uses Species Distribution Modeling and Maximum Classification Likelihood on faunal presence data to reconstruct prehistoric biomes, and contextualize the networks reconstructed through the art analysis. It demonstrates the potential of mapping the recreated networks onto the reconstructed biomes and of identifying the linked sites' foraging and minimal band territories to distinguish between local mobility movement and inter-group social alliances. The results show that, during the Lower Magdalenian, the majority of movements seen through artistic similarities probably represent the seasonal mobility of one or two hunter-gatherer groups, and that only a few inter-site links represent social networks used to exchange mates and gather information.
Antistable Wave PDE with Input Delay

In this chapter we continue with the designs for delay-PDE cascades as in Chapter 18. Here we deal with an antistable wave PDE, which has all of its infinitely many eigenvalues in the right half-plane (all located on a vertical line).
Role of disorder in characterizing the ubiquitous temperature, concentration, and field dependencies of charge transport in molecularly doped polymers

Over the last two decades, experimental investigations of the mobility of photo-injected charges in a wide variety of molecularly doped, pendant-, and main-chain polymers, and vapor deposited molecular glasses have shown that the mobility at high electric fields is universally described by the Poole-Frenkel law, micrometers equals exp(- (Delta) /kT) exp((gamma) (root)E). With few exceptions, the activation energy (Delta) is about 0.5eV, and the Poole-Frenkel factor (gamma) is a function of temperature which follows the empirical relation (gamma) equals B(1/kT - 1/kT0), where B approximately equals 4 X 10-4(e2Vcm)1/2. The remarkable similarity among experiments suggests a mechanism for these dependencies which is largely based on a feature these materials have in common--lack of a crystal structure. Each material consists of a highly disordered array of active molecules, which is believed in turn to give rise to large energetic fluctuations along the conduction pathways. Computer simulations of hopping transport on a disordered lattice have shown behavior in agreement with many aspects of experiment, lending support to the concept of a disorder-based mechanism. To increase our understanding of the high-field effects of disorder, we have developed a self-consistent algorithm with which the field dependence of the mobility in disordered systems may be calculated analytically. We examine the field dependence within this framework, and suggest that the (root)E- dependence may be understood when the theory of Scher and Montroll is applied to a length scale which the hopping matrix may be considered to be of a lower dimensionality.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Comment on "thermal stability and electronic structure of atomically uniform Pb films on Si(111)".

A Comment on the Letter by M. H. Upton et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 026802 (2004). The authors of the Letter offer a Reply.
Activation of macrophages by ether analogues of lysophospholipids.

Inflammation processes cause activation of phospholipase A in plasma membranes resulting in the production of various lysophospholipids. Treatment of mice with L-α-lysophosphatidyl-DL-glycerol (lyso-Pg) resulted in an enhanced ingestion activity of peritoneal macrophages as did other lysophospholipids. However, lyso-Pg is rather toxic as indicated by a rapid decrease in macrophage activity 3 days after treatment while macrophage activity of lysophosphatidylcholine-treated mice continued to increase at least up to the 6th day after treatment. Alkyl-lysophospholipid derivatives, racemic 1-0-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphocholine and -phosphoethanolamine stimulated mouse macrophages for Fc-mediated ingestion. Decomposed products of alkyl-lysophospholipids, alkylglycerols, were also found to be excellent activators of macrophages not only for ingestion of IgG-coated target cells but also antibody-mediated tumoricidal activity. Macrophages from mice treated with alkylglycerols developed superoxide generating capacity. Furthermore, alkylglycerols were found to be tumoricidal by direct contact with retinoblastoma cells. Therefore, the advantage of the potential application of alkylglycerols as chemotherapeutic agents is that they have dual beneficial effects: potentiation of macrophage activity and cytotoxicity to malignant cells.
Personal Values and Academic Performance Among Engineering Students

Independently drawn random samples of 20 dean's list and 20 academic probation engineering sophomores were the subjects in this investigation of student academic status in relation to personal values and aptitude variables. Dean's list students differed significantly (.05 level) from academic probation students on variables such as need for achievement, direction of aspirations, peer group values, independence in planning, persistence, self-control, and high school record. No statistically significant differences were found on variables such as socio-economic status, influence of the home, self-insight or scholastic aptitude. It was concluded that the successful engineering student differs from the relatively less successful engineering student in certain measurable characteristics. These results elucidate the efficacy of the utilization of nonintellective variables in such differentiation.
Critical Building Blocks: Mandatory Prerequisite Registration Systems and Student Success

Many colleges and universities require prerequisites prior to enrollment in introductory composition courses; however, enforcement of prerequisites is not consistent across institutions. In this study, we examine the impact of an automated, mandatory prerequisite enforcement system on students and advisors at a public comprehensive university. Results indicate that prerequisite systems are positively associated with student outcomes including improved GPAs and retention rates; furthermore, while functioning similarly to prescriptive advising, prerequisite systems can also facilitate developmental advising relationships between students and academic advisors.
Controls on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks and Turnover Among North American Ecosystems

Despite efforts to understand the factors that determine soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in terrestrial ecosystems, there remains little information on how SOC turnover time varies among ecosystems, and how SOC turnover time and C input, via plant production, differentially contribute to regional patterns of SOC stocks. In this study, we determined SOC stocks (gC m−2) and used soil radiocarbon measurements to derive mean SOC turnover time (years) for 0–10 cm mineral soil at ten sites across North America that included arctic tundra, northern boreal, northern and southern hardwood, subtropical, and tropical forests, tallgrass and shortgrass prairie, mountain grassland, and desert. SOC turnover time ranged 36-fold among ecosystems, and was much longer for cold tundra and northern boreal forest and dry desert (1277–2151 years) compared to other warmer and wetter habitats (59–353 years). Two measures of C input, net aboveground production (NAP), determined from the literature, and a radiocarbon-derived measure of C flowing to the 0–10 cm mineral pool, I, were positively and SOC turnover time was negatively associated with mean annual evapotranspiration (ET) among ecosystems. The best fit model generated from the independent variables NAP, I, annual mean temperature and precipitation, ET, and clay content revealed that SOC stock was best explained by the single variable I. Overall, these findings indicate the primary role that C input and the secondary role that C stabilization play in determining SOC stocks at large regional spatial scales and highlight the large vulnerability of the global SOC pool to climate change.
Gems of Oklahoma: 2013 SRM Meeting Technical Tours

From the shortgrass prairies in the panhandle to the oak–hickory forests of the east, Oklahoma is one of the most biologically diverse states in the United States. Oklahoma’s native grasslands include short, mixed, and tallgrass prairies, along with oak and pine savan- nahs. The technical tours during the 2013 International So- ciety for Range Management meeting will showcase some of the gems that Oklahoma has to offer, including remnants of the past where the land has never been touched by the plow and bison still roam the prairie. DOI: 10.2458/azu_rangelands_v34i6_ketch
Expected Structure of Extreme Waves in a Gaussian Sea. Part I: Theory and SWADE Buoy Measurements

Abstract This paper is concerned with the expected configuration in space and time surrounding extremely high crests in a random wave field, or, equivalently, the mean configuration averaged over realizations of extreme events. A simple, approximate theory is presented that predicts that the mean configuration ζ¯(x + r, t + τ) surrounding a crest at (x, t) that is higher than γσ (where σ is the overall rms surface displacement and γ ≫ 1), when normalized by ζ¯(x,t) for ζ > γσ, is the space-time autocorrelation function ρ(r, t) = ¯ζ(x, t)ζ(x + r, t + τ)/ ζ¯2 for the entire wave field. This extends and simplifies an earlier result due to Boccotti and is consistent with a precise calculation of the one-dimensional case with r = 0, involving the time history of measurements at a single point. The results are compared with buoy data obtained during the Surface Wave Dynamics Experiment and the agreement is found to be remarkably good.
Strategy to Increase Agricultural Medicine Practice: An Exploratory Study to Predict Interest Among Generalists

: Across the nation, farmers, farmworkers and their families experience an increased risk of death, illness and disability. A major concern is to determine how medical education and the medical profession can realize their potential to benefit the agricultural community. This exploratory study was completed to identify factors that might predict interest in practice of agricultural medicine among primary care physicians. Two hundred seventy-eight Alabama primary care physicians, almost equally distributed as urban and rural, completed a questionnaire that surveyed interest in agromedicine practice, experience regarding 13 agromedicine topics, and other physician characteristics. Through a logistic regression model, interest in agromedicine practice was predicted by a high proportion of practice experience in smaller communities, agromedicine experience through personal hobby or avocation, and through professional literature. These three significant variables correctly predicted a moderate to high leoel of interest in agromedicine practice in 65% of the physicians in the study. If these results hold up with confirmatory study, the authors recommend that targeted efforts to produce physicians for agricultural medicine should prepare physicians whose backgrounds are rural and whose interests include agricultural and family medicine, thus predicting location and practice relevant to the needs of the agricultural community.
Explaining the Alluring Influence of Neuroscience Information on Scientific Reasoning.

Previous studies have investigated the influence of neuroscience information or images on ratings of scientific evidence quality but have yielded mixed results. We examined the influence of neuroscience information on evaluations of flawed scientific studies after taking into account individual differences in scientific reasoning skills, thinking dispositions, and prior beliefs about a claim. We found that neuroscience information, even though irrelevant, made people believe they had a better understanding of the mechanism underlying a behavioral phenomenon. Neuroscience information had a smaller effect on ratings of article quality and scientist quality. Our study suggests that neuroscience information may provide an illusion of explanatory depth.
Prolonged diabetes insipidus subsequent to an episode of chemical meningitis.

Chez un homme de 21 ans opere de stenose uretrale traumatique sous rachianesthesie. Des substances toxiques detergentes seraient a l'origine des troubles cerebraux: œdeme cerebral, inflammation meningee
In Vivo Lactate Editing in the Presence of Inhomogeneous B1 Fields

Abstract The flip-angle dependence of a recently proposed lactate-editing sequence is analyzed. Spin-spin coupling is shown to affect the flip-angle dependence of the excitation. In the presence of spin-spin coupling, the edited signal is shown to have a sin11 θ dependence. Irrespective of the flip angle, the sequence does not pass uncoupled spins. When the third pulse has a phase of zero with respect to the first pulse, the sequence suppresses the lactate signal and passes only uncoupled spins with a flip-angle dependence of sin7 θ. The flip-angle dependence of this sequence is compared with that of the most widely used editing sequences. Even when used with a surface coil, the sequence retains its editing capabilities. This is demonstrated by obtaining lactate spectra from a rat brain and a pig heart.
Induced emission of radiation from a large space-station-like structure in the ionosphere

Large conducting structures in the ionosphere may have currents flowing through them which close in the ionospheric plasma. These currents can arise either from current leakage from an onboard power distribution system or by being induced by the motional electric field. Associated with these currents will be broadband electromagnetic radiation in the Alfven and lower hybrid bands. The radiation impedance of this electromagnetic radiation is explored for a structure of space-station-like dimensions as a function of the geometry of the structure and the composition of the ionic environment. It is shown that modification of the collecting area of the structure and environment can be used to minimize the radiation impedance. For a space station, the radiated power will at most be of the order of watts, which does not represent a significant power loss. However, the radiation field will give rise to a substantial pollution of the electromagnetic spectrum in the vicinity of the space station. Design choices to minimize this interference are suggested.
The G locus in Petunia hybrida Vilm : negative relationship to endogenous chlorophyll, starch and sugar

Three sets of Petunia hybrida Vilm. breeding lines with each set comprised of three genotypes, multiflora (gg), grandiflora (GG), and the heterozygote (Gg) were used in biochemical analyses to determine the possible mode of action of alleles at the G locus and their pleiotropic effects. Chlorophyll extractions did not correlate with visual observations that seedlings of the gg genotype have darker green foliage than seedlings of the GG genotypes. Likewise, chlorophyll, starch and sugar content were not related to greater seedling vigor, an apparent pleiotorpic effect to the g allele. Inconsistent differences in total soluble sugars and starch content were found with respect to the three genotypes. A qualitative difference in leaf sugar profiles as revealed by thin-layer and gasliquid chromatography separation was found. The Gg and gg genotypes consistently exhibited two extra bands at Rf 0.01 and at 0.52 to 0.56 which were absent in extracts from the GG genotype. The unknown compounds did not co-chromatograph with several sugar standards.
Total Synthesis of (S)-(−)-(E)-15,16-Dihydrominquartynoic Acid: A Highly Potent Anticancer Agent

The conjugated entriyne natural product, (S)-(E)-15,16-dihydrominquartynoic acid (1), is synthesized in five linear steps and 30% overall yield from the known aldehyde 11. The key step is a one-pot in situ desilylation/Cadiot−Chodkiewicz coupling reaction affording the entriyne unit. The bromoalkyne 6 with an ω-carboxylic acid group was found to undergo a copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction producing the desired diyne intermediate 10, while the corresponding ω-ester bromoalkyne 14 failed to couple with triethylsilylacetylene under a variety of conditions.
RELATION OF THE REVISED REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION SCALE TO MEASURES OF SELF-DESCRIPTION

An internal-consistency item-analysis was carried out for the 182-item Repression-Sensitization Scale. Responses to each question were correlated with Total R-S score for two samples consisting of 370 undergraduates each. A revised scoring key was made, consisting of 127 cross-validated items. Using a new sample, reliability coefficients of .94 (split-half) and .82 (test-retest) were found. In subsequent investigations, R-S scores were found to be positively related to self-ideal discrepancy and negative self-description on Worchel's SAI. On a measure of Hostility Incongruency, R-S scores were positively related to each of three types of incongruency. There were only minimal differences between the two scoring keys in the relationships found. The consistent finding that self-report measures are related to the R-S Scale was discussed and alternate hypotheses were advanced to account for these relationships.
Interrelationships among mortality rates, drug costs, total cost of care, and length of stay in United States hospitals: summary and recommendations for clinical pharmacy services and staffing

We evaluated interrelationships and associations among mortality rates, drug costs, total cost of care, and length of stay in United States hospitals. Relationships between these variables and the presence of clinical pharmacy services and pharmacy staffing also were explored. A database was constructed from the 1992 American Hospital Association's Abridged Guide to the Health Care Field, the 1992 National Clinical Pharmacy Services database, and 1992 Health Care Finance Administration mortality data. A severity of illness-adjusted multiple regression analysis was employed to determine relationships and associations. Study populations ranged from 934-1029 hospitals (all hospitals for which variables could be matched). The only pharmacy variable associated with positive outcomes with all four health care outcome measures was the number of clinical pharmacists/occupied bed. That figure tended to have the greatest association (slope) with reductions in mortality rate, drug costs, and length of stay. As clinical pharmacist staffing levels increased from the tenth percentile (0.34/100 occupied beds) to the ninetieth percentile (3.23/100 occupied beds), hospital deaths declined from 113/1000 to 64/1000 admissions (43% decline). This resulted in a reduction of 395 deaths/hospital/year when clinical pharmacist staffing went from the tenth to the ninetieth percentile. This translated into a reduction of 1.09 deaths/day/hospital having clinical pharmacy staffing between these staffing levels, or 320 dollars of pharmacist salary cost/death averted. Three hospital pharmacy variables were associated with reduced length of stay in 1024 hospitals: drug protocol management (slope -1.30, p=0.008), pharmacist participation on medical rounds (slope -1.71, p<0.001), and number of clinical pharmacists/occupied bed (slope -26.59, p<0.001). As drug costs/occupied bed/year increased, severity of illness-adjusted mortality rates decreased (slope -38609852, R(2) 8.2%, p<0.0001). As the total cost of care/occupied bed/year increased, those same mortality rates decreased (slope -5846720642, R(2) 14.9%, p<0.0001). Seventeen clinical pharmacy services were associated with improvements in the four variables.
Distinction between peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme and acyl‐CoA oxidase deficiencies

The clinical distinction between patients with a disorder of peroxisome assembly (e.g., Zellweger syndrome) and those with a defect in a peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation enzyme can be difficult. We studied 29 patients suspected of belonging to the latter group. Using complementation analysis, 24 were found to be deficient in enoylcoenzyme A hydratase/3-hydroxyacylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme and 5 were deficient in acyl-CoA oxidase. Elevated plasma very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA), impaired fibroblast VLCFA β-oxidation, decreased fibroblast phytanic acid oxidation, normal plasmalogen synthesis, normal plasma L-pipecolic acid level, and normal subcellular catalase distribution were characteristic findings in both disorders. The elevation in plasma VLCFA levels and impairment in fibroblast VLCFA β-oxidation were more severe in bifunctional-deficient than in oxidase-deficient patients. The clinical course in bifunctional deficiency (profound hypotonia, neonatal seizures, dysmorphic features, age at death ∼9 months) was more severe than in oxidase deficiency (moderate hypotonia without dysmorphic features, development of a leukodystrophy, age at death ∼4 yr). Based on these findings, accurate early diagnosis of these deficiencies of peroxisomal β-oxidation enzymes is possible.
HAZARDS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE ELDERLY DIABETIC WITH A REPORT OF CASES

In reviewing the causes of death in diabetes niellitus we find that arteriosclerosis with its various manifestations is now occupying the leading place. Not only has the number of diabetics with arteriosclerosis grown larger, but its death rate has increased. The following questions arise; Is diabetes mellitus predisposing to arteriosclerosis? If so, can it be prevented? Can the death rate of arteriosclerotic diabetics be reduced? Are the diabetics with arteriosclerosis presenting special problems in their treatments ? The frequency of arteriosclerosis in diabetes can be partially explained by the fact that the arteriosclerotic age is the most common for the onset of diabetes. There is undoubtedly a group of patients with extensive arteriosclerosis in whom the development of diabetes can be attributed tosclerosis of the arteries in the pancreas. At the same time there is evidence that diabetes of long duration is accompanied by premature arteriosclerosis. Peripheral arteriosclerosis has been diagnosed wit...
Relationships between size of hypostome and number of tentacles in hydra

Plots of the circumference of the hypostome of hydra against the number of tentacles surrounding each hypostome gave a linear relationship. The slope of the line is a characteristic of each species and strain of hydra studied and represents the amount of the circumference of the hypostome relegated to each tentacle. We interpret the intercept on the ordinate of such plots to represent the minimum amount of tissue needed, expressed as circumference of that hypostome, before a first tentacle can form. Hypostomes of newly dropped buds have about the same circumferences as those of adult animals. Diagrams of spacing patterns of tentacles from different species illustrate that the larger the animal, the greater the space between the tentacles. Intertentacular space occupies from 22 to 37% of the hypostome circumferences. The relationship between the average size of the hypostome for a number of groups of hydra and the average size of an animal (measured in micrograms of protein per animal) shows that the size of the hypostome is proportional to the size of the group of hydra being measured, with larger species of hydra having larger hypostomes until a maximum size is reached. We noticed a similar relationship between the part of the circumference of the hypostome occupied to each tentacle vs. animal size. Apparently more hypostomal tissue is allotted to each tentacle in specimens of larger species than to those of smaller ones, and the amount of hypostomal tissue per tentacle reaches a limit regardless of the size of the species.