cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Georges Bizet, Carmen

Bizet's Carmen is probably the best known opera of the standard repertoire, yet its very familiarity often prevents us from approaching it with the seriousness it deserves. This handbook explores the opera in a number of contexts, bringing to the surface the controversies over gender, race, class and musical propriety that greeted its premiere and that have been rekindled by the recent spate of film versions. Beginning with a study of the Merimee story by Peter Robinson and an examination of the social tensions in nineteenth-century France that inform both that story and the opera, the book traces the latter through its genesis and reception. The central core of the book presents a close reading of the opera that offers new interpretive possibilities. The handbook concludes with discussions of four films based on the opera: Carmen Jones and the versions of Carmen by Carlos Saura, Peter Brook, and Francesco Rosi. The volume contains a bibliography, music examples, and a synopsis.
TRANSLOCATION IN POLYTRICHUM COMMUNE (BRYOPHYTA) I. CONDUCTION AND ALLOCATION OF PHOTOASSIMILATES

Leafy stems and connecting underground rhizomes of Polytrichum commune Hedw. contain leptome tissues similar in structure to phloem. Isolated stems in clonal groupings were pulse labelled with {sup 14}CO{sub 2}. Labelled sugar, mostly sucrose, glucose, and fructose, appeared in the pulse labelled stems 30 min after treatment. A small amount (3.3%) of labelled sugar was transported to neighboring stems. Silver grain deposition in microautoradiographs of interconnecting rhizomes occurred predominantly over leptome tissues. Increased amounts of translocated radioactivity appeared in starch and cell wall polysaccharide pools one week and six weeks after treatment. These results (1) indicate that transport of photoassimilate occurs through the leptome of perennating rhizomes, (2) demonstrate that translocated carbon is subsequently utilized or stored, and (3) raise important questions about the significance of long distance transport in the life strategy of this complex clonal moss.
On the logic of testing the independence assumption in the process-dissociation procedure

Theprocess-dissociation procedure is designed to provide quantitative estimates of the influence of explicit and implicit memory in a variety of tasks. The procedure relies on the assumption that these two forms of memory produce independent influences on performance. Prior investigators have attempted to test this assumption by determining whether the parameter representing the influence of implicit memory (denotedA) is constant across experimental conditions. I argue that the constancy of A cannot provide an appropriate test of the independence assumption, because (1) the prediction of constancy can be generated without the assumption of independence, obviating the need to posit independence; and (2) the constancy ofA does not necessarily imply independence, even if one assumes that a dependency hypothesis, supplemented by ancillary assumptions (Curran & Hintzman, 1995), predicts differences inA. I close by emphasizing that we can test the independence assumption by using standard procedures that compare the fit of a model that assumes independence with the fit of a model that assumes dependence.
The convergence of value iteration in average cost Markov decision chains

Let J be the (constant) minimum long-run expected average cost in a Markov decision chain with countable state space. We desire the existence of an average cost optimal stationary policy and, in addition, that J is the limit of v"n(.)/n, where v"n(.) is the minimum n-step expected cost. Three sets of sufficient conditions for this to hold are given. The results generalize Ghosh and Marcus (1992).
A macroeconomic model for resource allocation in large-scale distributed systems

In this paper we discuss an economic model for resource sharing in large-scale distributed systems. The model captures traditional concepts such as consumer satisfaction and provider revenues and enables us to analyze the effect of different pricing strategies upon measures of performance important for the consumers and the providers. We show that given a particular set of model parameters the satisfaction reaches an optimum; this value represents the perfect balance between the utility and the price paid for resources. Our results confirm that brokers play a very important role and can influence positively the market. We also show that consumer satisfaction does not track the consumer utility; these two important performance measures for consumers behave differently under different pricing strategies. Pricing strategies also affect the revenues obtained by providers, as well as, the ability to satisfy a larger population of users.
Porosity and accuracy of multiple-unit titanium castings.

The objective of this investigation was to determine whether titanium could be used to cast reproducible multiple-unit dental restorations. A metal analog was machined to simulate preparations for a three-unit fixed partial denture. Castings were made with four different sprue designs at three temperatures. Marginal accuracy and porosity were evaluated. A total of 70 titanium castings were made with an argon/electric arc/vacuum/pressure casting machine. Ten castings were made in the conventional manner by use of gold-palladium alloy as a control to compare the marginal gap. The results revealed that the porosity was less when a large individual sprue (6-gauge) was used. It was also noted that the lower pattern burnout temperatures of 910°C and 920°C exhibited significantly smaller marginal gaps than did the higher temperature of 930°C.
Annual Ryegrass Forage Mass Distribution as Affected by Sod-Suppression and Tillage

Early-season forage mass production of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is reduced in the southeastern USA when ryegrass is established no-till rather than with conventional tillage. Two studies were conducted to evaluate forage mass distribution of annual ryegrass established under tillage vs. no-till. One evaluated the effect of sod-suppression, and the other evaluated past and current tillage practices. In the sod-suppression study, no-till plots established with herbicides produced 27% more forage mass at first harvest than did no-till plots that were mowed. However, tilled plots produced 55% more forage mass at first harvest than no-till plots established with herbicides. After January, no-till plots produced as much or more forage mass than tilled plots in both studies. In the 1994-1995 growing season, forage mass produced at first harvest was positively correlated (P = 0.01) with stand count in both the sod- suppression (r = 0.62) and the tillage history (r = 0.73) studies. After the first harvest, stand count was not correlated (P > 0.ll) with forage mass production. In the tillage history study, current seedbed preparation had a much greater impact than past seedbed preparation on early-season production of annual ryegrass. When combined over both studies, ryegrass established with tillage (4.9 tons/acre) and established no-till with herbicides (4.6 tons/acre) produced more season total forage mass than no-till ryegrass established without herbicides (4.3 tons/acre). In annual ryegrass establishment systems, tillage does more than reduce competition from warm-season grasses. However, suppression of warm-season grasses with herbicides is still important for no-till establishment of annual ryegrass.
Natural oscillations of the ionosphere-thermosphere-mesosphere (ITM) system

Abstract Previous investigations of the natural resonances of the atmosphere (‘normal modes’) focused on oscillations whose energies are confined to tropospheric/stratospheric altitudes. Given that a broad spectrum of forcing is also present in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) because of gravity wave dissipation, solar radiation absorption, Joule heating, etc., one might ask what type of resonance characteristics the upper atmosphere possesses. The present work seeks to identify and characterize those natural oscillations present in the ITM, and to compare with those realized in the lower atmosphere. Such information is potentially useful for interpreting observations of the ITM and first-principles model calculations. A 2D linearized perturbation model (Global Scale Wave Model-GSWM) is used here to determine the spectral response of the ITM. In a manner similar to that of Salby (1981a), the atmosphere is forced over a range of periods, and the total response (kinetic and potential) is examined. The forcing is placed at the base of the thermosphere (approx. 100–130 km) and so is representative of UV solar radiation absorption, the deposition of horizontal momentum by vertically propagating gravity waves and joule heating. It is found that the ITM region does not exhibit the same response characteristics as the lower atmosphere; the usual peaks at 2, 5, 10 and 16 days are not present. Instead the natural responses occur near periods 14, 9, and 7 h for westward symmetric waves; 11, 9 and 5 h for westward asymmetric waves; 38, 20, and 13 h for eastward symmetric waves; and 15, 12, and 9 h for eastward asymmetric waves for zonal wave numbers 1, 2 and 3 respectively. These periods and dependencies on zonal wave number are very similar to those of gravitational normal modes in an isothermal atmosphere without mean winds. Observational data which provide evidence for the realizations of these theoretical results in the atmosphere are reviewed.
Television public service announcements as outreach for potential clients

Public service announcements (PSAs) aired by local radio or television stations may be useful to human service agencies as a mechanism to reach potential clients during periods of low service demand. To examine the usefulness of PSAs for this purpose, a series of PSAs were videotaped for three aging-service agencies and aired by a television station during a 6-week period. The three agencies recorded the incoming demand for services received each day before and during the intervention period. The data were tested by a multiple-group interrupted time-series analysis. The results of the analysis indicated that for all three agencies the PSAs were effective for increasing the number of service inquiries received from nonclients over the telephone numbers publicized in the PSAs. At one of the agencies, the number of new clients increased significantly when the PSAs were broadcasted.
Robotics for Long-Term Monitoring

While long-term monitoring and stewardship means many things to many people, DOE has defined it as The physical controls, institutions, information, and other mechanisms needed to ensure protection of people and the environment at sites where DOE has completed or plans to complete cleanup (e.g., landfill closures, remedial actions, and facility stabilization). Across the United States, there are thousands of contaminated sites with multiple contaminants released from multiple sources where contaminants have transported and commingled. The U.S. government and U.S. industry are responsible for most of the contamination and are landowners of many of these contaminated properties. These sites must be surveyed periodically for various criteria including structural deterioration, water intrusion, integrity of storage containers, atmospheric conditions, and hazardous substance release. The surveys, however, are intrusive, time-consuming, and expensive and expose survey personnel to radioactive contamination. In long-term monitoring, there's a need for an automated system that will gather and report data from sensors without costly human labor. In most cases, a SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) unit is used to collect and report data from a remote location. A SCADA unit consists of an embedded computer with data acquisition capabilities. The unit can be configured with various sensorsmore » placed in different areas of the site to be monitored. A system of this type is static, i.e., the sensors, once placed, cannot be moved to other locations within the site. For those applications where the number of sampling locations would require too many sensors, or where exact location of future problems is unknown, a mobile sensing platform is an ideal solution. In many facilities that undergo regular inspections, the number of video cameras and air monitors required to eliminate the need for human inspections is very large and far too costly. HCET's remote harsh-environment surveyor (RHES) is a robotic platform with SCADA capabilities equipped with a sonar-imaging scanner, a high-resolution color CCD camera, and various combinations of sensors. The RHES is controlled remotely via a PC. This paper will discuss the development and application of this system. (authors)« less
Hemispheric Specialization and Functional Plasticity During Development

Abstract Evidence from a variety of sources is reviewed suggesting that the cerebral hemispheres are specialized from birth or an early age. It is argued that findings of age differences in lateralization on certain tasks may be attributable to variations in the manner in which the tasks are carried out by subjects of different ages rather than to variations in the nature of the specialized processes of the cerebral hemispheres. Clinical observations of more rapid and complete recovery of function following brain injury in children than adults, therefore, cannot be explained in terms of an absence of hemispheric specialization early in life. Alternative explanations for this greater functional plasticity early in life are considered. Finally, misapplications and possible future applications of research Findings on hemispheric specialization to educational practices are discussed.
Association of HLA–DR5 with recurrent spontaneous abortion in women treated with paternal leukocytes. Possible subclinical autoimmune disease

The incidence of pregnancy loss is higher in patients with various autoimmune diseases than in the general population. The causes of recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) are unknown; however, the presence of antinuclear antibodies and other antibodies in some women with RSA who are otherwise healthy suggests the possibility of underlying autoimmune disease. Because autoimmune diseases are often associated with an increased incidence of certain histocompatibility antigens, we examined the occurrence of specific HLA antigens in patients who had been treated for RSA. We found HLA-DR5 to be significantly overrepresented in the patients with RSA who aborted again after treatment with paternal mononuclear cell immunotherapy, compared with the incidence of this phenotype in a control population. Neither antinuclear antibodies nor antilymphocyte antibodies segregated with DR5. However, DR5+ patients who developed antilymphocyte antibodies after immunotherapy were more likely than all other treated patients to experience subsequent abortion (P less than 0.01). Our findings suggest the possibility of an underlying autoimmune disease in these women.
A three-dimensional shape optimization system—shop3D

Abstract A modular approach for shape optimization of three-dimensional solid structures is described. A major consideration in the development of this capability is the desire to use a commercially available finite element program, such as NASTRAN, for analysis. Since NASTRAN cannot be called as a subroutine, a system architecture was developed of independently executable modules in which sequential execution is controlled by job control language. Also, shape sensitivities are not commonly available in commercial programs. A hybrid approach which is based on the material derivative concept is developed to obtain shape sensitivities by post processing finite element results stored on files. A quick generation of a good optimization model combined with an efficient optimization system will result in a drastic design time saving. In this paper, different modeling approaches for shape optimization are discussed. Emphasis will be placed upon a special modeling technique which overlays the design model onto an already existing finite element model. Several automotive related examples are used to evaluate the program's effectiveness.
The Relationship of Objective Shear Values and Sensory Tests to Changes in Tenderness of Broiler Breast Meat

Abstract The relationships were established between two objective shear procedures and sensory responses to tenderness for broiler Pectoralis major muscles. Birds were processed and the breasts removed at one of four post-mortem (PM) deboning times: 0 h (after picking), 2, 6, and 24 h. After deboning, the individual muscles were placed in boilable bags and frozen. The meat was cooked from the frozen state by immersing in 85 C water or by microwave. Two strips, 1.9 cm wide, were removed from each breast for objective and sensory evaluation. A 24-member untrained panel evaluated the samples for juiciness, tenderness, and overall texture acceptability. The samples were evaluated objectively using the Warner-Bratzler (W-B) and Allo-Kramer (A-K) shear devices. Objective shear values and sensory scores were significantly affected by PM deboning time and cooking method. The data indicate that W-B values in the range of 6.5 to 3.5 kg and A-K values in the range of 8.8 to 6.0 kg per g would correspond to the “slightly tender” to “moderately tender” portion of the sensory scale.
Growth of Optical Plane Waves in Stimulated Brillouin Scattering

Several classical plane-wave theories have been proposed recently to explain the observations of stimulated Brillouin scattering in solids and liquids. While previous experiments have been successful in demonstrating the effect, the use of focused excitation has prevented a critical test of theory. In the present work, the collimated beam of a giant pulse laser source excites a liquid, $n$-hexane, external to a cavity, and allows the Brillouin scattering intensity to be measured as a function of optical path length. The type of transient solution considered by Kroll comes closest to describing the observed gain curve, which includes a large spatial amplification and no apparent threshold condition. The results lead to values for the Pockel's photoelastic constant and the hypersonic acoustic lifetime. With collimated excitation, a striking "acoustic burst" whose intensity parallels the path-length dependence of the Brillouin scattering is noticed. This suggests that the acoustic wave generated in the Brillouin process initiates a shock wave which could lead to material fracture or cavitation. With focused excitation, an additional mechanism involving plasma formation appears to operate.
106 COMPARISON OF HEMODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF DOPAMINE AND DOBUTAMINE IN NEWBORN PUPPIES

The hemodynamic effects of Dobutamine (DOB) and Dopamine (DOPA) were compared in 12 term puppies, 3-5 weeks of age with a mean weight of 3.13 ± 1.16 kg. All dogs were anesthetized with 25 mg/kg of Nembutal. In 8 dogs Dobutamine was infused at 5, 10, 20 μg/kg/min followed by Dopamine at the same dose-rate and in the other four the order was reversed. Heart rate (HR), right atrial pressure (RaP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), aortic pressure (AoP), left ventricular pressure (LVP) and A-V differences (A-V diff) were measured and cardiac output (C.O.) calculated. Statistical significance was determined by paired ‘t’ and ‘F’ tests. The statistically significant differences observed were that: PAP increased with Dopamine as compared to Dobutamine at 10 and 20 μg/kg/min; RaP significantly increased with Dobutamine at 10 μg/kg/min and the increase in cardiac output at 20 μg/kg/min was significantly higher with Dobutamine than with Dopamine.
Guanine tracts enhance sequence directed DNA bends

Synthetic DNA fragments were constructed to determine the effect of G tracts, in conjunction with periodically spaced A tracts, on DNA bends. Relative length measurements showed that the G tracts spaced at the half helical turn enhanced the DNA bend. When the G tract was interrupted with a thymine or shortened to one or two guanines, the relative lengths decreased. If the G tract was replaced with either an A tract or a T tract, the bend was cancelled. Replacement with a C tract decreased the relative length to that of a thymine interruption suggesting that bend enhancement due to G tracts requires A tracts on the same strand.
Saddlepoint approximations for nonlinear statistics

It is well known that saddlepoint expansions lead to accurate approximations to the cumulative distributions and densities of a sample mean and other simple linear statistics. The use of such expansions is explored in a broader situation. The saddlepoint formula for the tail probability of a certain type of nonlinear statistic is derived. The relative error of O(n–1), as in the linear case, is retained. A simple example is considered, to illustrate the great accuracy of the approximation. Il est bien connu que les developpements bases sur la technique du point de selle donnent de bonnes approximations de la fonction de repartition et de la densite d'une moyenne echantillonnale, et de d'autres statistiques lineaires simples. On considere ici une statistique non-lineaire particuliere et on obtient, par la technique du point de selle, une formule donnant la probabilite qu'elle prenne une valeur superieure a une quantite donnee. On conserve, comme dans le cas lineaire, Cerreur relative d'ordre O(n–1). Un exemple simple illustre la grande precision de l'approximation.
Surface crystallization of indomethacin below Tg.

Purpose To study the surface crystallization of indomethacin (IMC) below Tg and its effects on the kinetics of overall crystallization.
E.p.r. and spin echo study of bituminous coal radicals

Abstract Electron spin echo spectrometry was employed to isolate the vitrain maceral free radical spectrum in several bituminous coals by means of the relaxation time differences between the macerals suggested by the coal e.p.r. power and temperature dependence. E.p.r. power saturation corrections are necessary to obtain reliable numbers of spins and the results indicate that the density of spins in the fusain maceral may often be apprecialy less than in the vitrain maceral. The bituminous coal vitrain spin relaxation mechanism at 85–100 K occurs by means of electron-nuclear hyperfine interaction. The coal echo decays with a spin-spin relaxation time T2. Measured T2 times are 1.0–1.4 μsec in the temperature range 80–120 K. The echo decay is modulated at frequencies of 2.5 and 5 MHz. One type of radical, with whose CH fragments the observed modulation is consistent, is perinaphthyl. Calculations of hyperfine constants of meta and para protons based on solution spectra and the McConnell relation have been made. The observed echo modulations are predicted and the same model predicts most of the ENDOR lines found in an ENDOR study of a Pittsburgh bituminous coal. The experiments provide very strong evidence that the coal radical spin multiplicity is doublet, S = 1 2 , with weak spin-spin couplings of less than a few hundreds of milliGauss. The optimum pulse duration observed for the coal radicals is 1.4 times longer than for a known triplet S = 1 molecule and relaxation to thermal equilibrium occurs with a single exponential dependence characteristic of a doublet manifold of spin states.
Music Teaching: Cognitive Psychology

(1992). Music Teaching: Cognitive Psychology. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 65, No. 4, pp. 196-198.
Ultrasonic evaluation of intrathoracic masses

B mode ultrasound can be used to evaluate intrathoracic masses that contact the chest wall. It provides a noninvasive technique to distinguish cystic from solid lesions and to assess the internal structure. Four cases are reported in which this procedure was used to provide diagnositc information.
A singular perturbations approach to reduced-order modeling and decoupling for large scale linear systems

Abstract : This tutorial presentation introduces the two-time-scale concept and applies it to provide approximate solutions to initial-value problems for large-scale linear systems. (Author)
Protein Stability of Frozen Milk as Influenced by Storage Temperature and Ultrafiltration

Milk and milk concentrates containing 12–35% total solids were stored at 0, –2, –4, –6, –8, –12, and –20°C and protein stability of the thawed products was evaluated periodically. Samples stored at –4 to – 12°C exhibited poorer protein stability than samples stored at higher or lower temperatures. Ultrafiltered (UF) skimmilk with permeate: retentate ratios of 10:90, 20:80, and 30:70 were stored at –8°C and they remained stable at least three times longer than frozen control samples of UF skimmilk stored at the same temperature. When the extent of UF was increased to 40:60, protein stability in the frozen retentate declined somewhat as compared to that of less concentrated retentates.
PROBE: Prediction-based optical bandwidth scaling for energy-efficient NoCs

Optical interconnect is a disruptive technology solution that can overcome the power and bandwidth limitations of traditional electrical Networks-on-Chip (NoCs). However, the static power dissipated in the external laser may limit the performance of future optical NoCs by dominating the stringent network power budget. From the analysis of real benchmarks for multicores, it is observed that high static power is consumed due to the external laser even for low channel utilization. In this paper, we propose PROBE: Prediction-based Optical Bandwidth Scaling for Energy-efficient NoCs by exploiting the latency/bandwidth trade-off to reduce the static power consumption by increasing the average channel utilization. With a lightweight prediction technique, we scale the bandwidth adaptively to the changing traffic demands while maintaining reasonable performance. The performance on synthetic and real traffic (PARSEC, Splash2) for 64-cores indicate that our proposed bandwidth scaling technique can reduce optical power by about 60% with at most 11% throughput penalty.
Water balance of conifer logs in early stages of decomposition

Seasonal and long-term changes in the water balance of conifer logs during the first 8 years of decomposition were studied in an old-growth Pseudotsuga/Tsuga forest in the Oregon Cascade Mountains. Measurements were made of the moisture content of outer bark, inner bark, sapwood, and heartwood and of the flow of water into and out of logs of four species (Abies amabilis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Thuja plicata, and Tsuga heterophylla). After the logs had decomposed from 1 to 2 years, 38–47% of the canopy throughfall landing upon them ran off the surface, 29–34% leached from the bottom, and 21–30% was absorbed and evaporated. After 8 years of decomposition, water entering and then leaching from logs increased 1.3 times while runoff decreased a similar amount. The proportion of water stored by and evaporated from logs in this study indicates that in old growth forests they may intercept 2–5% of the canopy throughfall to the forest floor and that, even in early stages of decomposition, they may affect the hydrological cycle of Pacific Northwest old-growth forests.
Stroke and extra-cardiac perfusion: new vantage points in brain protection.

This report shows a new spectrum of applications of a concept of brain protection for the cardiothoracic surgeon. The underlying treatment deals with an ischemic/reperfusion injury, and novel applications of principles well known in cardiac surgery will be used to provide brain protection. Unique opportunities arise from the uncommon use of circulatory arrest in infants and adults (1-2% of procedures) to the larger areas of sudden death (450,000 pts/year in the US), stroke (700,000 pts/year) and carotid occlusion for peri-operative endarterectomy, and neurologic problems after CPB (30% incidence). Treatment pathways in sudden death will address the brain during CPR, the body to get a cause of arrest with use of peripheral CPB, and a controlled cardiac reperfusate to correct the underlying lesion. Circulatory arrest provides the model to treat, both this uncommon surgical process, with extension as toward treating stroke with controlled reperfusion. Novel models of pretreatment and warm brain reperfusion, that mimic warm heart reperfusion are suggested. Construction of the ultimate brain reperfusate, and its conditions of delivery will follow the valid and tested development phases of a warm cardioplegic solution, but become directed towards the brain. Old tricks that Lead to new goats will become our innovative vantage points. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Bone marrow-derived stem cells in neurological diseases: stones or masons?

In spite of the commonly held belief that ‘the brain does not regenerate’, it is now accepted that postnatal neurogenesis does occur. Thus, one wonders whether cellular-replacement therapy might be used to heal the brain in diseases caused by neuronal cell loss. The existence of neural stem cells has been demonstrated by many scientists and is now generally accepted. The exact role of these cells, how their numbers are regulated and how they participate in CNS and spinal cord regeneration in postnatal life are still not well known. There are many reviews summarizing work on these cells; consequently, I will focus instead on other cells that may participate in postnatal neurogenesis: bone marrow-derived stem cells. The possibility that bone marrow-derived stem cells populate the CNS and differentiate into various neural elements is certainly not universally accepted.
On Dinosaur Growth

Despite nearly two centuries of investigation, a comprehensive understanding of dinosaur biology has proven intractable. The recent development of means to study tissue-level growth, age these animals, and make growth curves has revolutionized our knowledge of dinosaur lives. From such data it is now understood that dinosaurs grew both disruptively and determinately; that they rarely if ever exceeded a century in age; that they became giants through accelerated growth and dwarfed through truncated development; that they were likely endothermic, sexually matured like crocodiles, and showed survivorship like populations of large mammals; and that basal birds retained dinosaurian physiology.
Psychiatrists' Opinions About Involuntary Civil Commitment: Results of a National Survey

This article presents results of a national survey of psychiatrists in the United States about involuntary civil commitment. The questionnaire, created by the researcher, asked respondents about their knowledge of and support for various legal standards surrounding inpatient and outpatient commitment. Data from 739 members of the American Psychiatric Association indicated support for relatively limited definitions of mental disorder for purposes of commitment and relatively limited legal grounds for commitment. Respondents frequently gave inaccurate responses about the grounds for commitment in their states, as well as whether involuntary outpatient commitment is allowed in their states. A comparison of results with prior surveys of psychiatrists is provided, and policy implications are discussed.
Curvelets, multiresolution representation, and scaling laws

Curvelets provide a new multiresolution representation with several features that set them apart from existing representations such as wavelets, multiwavelets, steerable pyramids, and so on. They are based on an anisotropic notion of scaling. The frame elements exhibit very high direction sensitivity and are highly anisotropic. In this paper we describe these properties and indicate why they may be important for both theory and applications.
Compiler synthesized dynamic branch prediction

Branch prediction is the predominant approach for minimizing the pipeline breaks caused by branch instructions. Traditionally, branch prediction is accomplished in one of two ways, static prediction at compile-time via compiler analysis or dynamic prediction at run-time via special hardware structures. In this paper, we propose a novel technique that aims to combine the strengths of the two approaches -- the lower cost of compile-time analysis with the effectiveness of dynamic prediction. Specifically, we propose that the compiler use profile feedback to define a prediction function for each branch and insert a few explicit instructions per branch into the compiled code to compute the prediction function. These instructions are carefully selected to predict the direction of the branch using any information available during run-time. A strength of this approach is that information beyond branch history can be used to make predictions, such as the contents of the architectural registers. To substantiate our proposal, we present an algorithm for selecting the prediction instructions, and demonstrate the performance of the approach against contemporary static and dynamic branch prediction strategies.
3′-Deoxy-2′-phosphoramidites of adenosine and 5-methyluridine used for the solid phase synthesis of unnatural 3′-deoxy-2′–5″-Oligonucleotides.

Abstract Protected phosphoramidites of 3′-deoxyadenosine and 3′-deoxy-5-methyluridine have been synthesized, and used in solid phase synthesis of 3′-deoxyoligonucleotides with the unusual 2′–5″ linkage.
Gender and Emotion What We Think We Know, What We Need to Know, and Why It Matters

I draw on research on emotion and gender to illustrate how an essentialized view of gender as difference persists through the circulation of beliefs about gender from popular culture to scientific ...
The expression level of HJURP has an independent prognostic impact and predicts the sensitivity to radiotherapy in breast cancer

HJURP (Holliday Junction Recognition Protein) is a newly discovered gene reported to function at centromeres and to interact with CENPA. However its role in tumor development remains largely unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of HJURP in breast cancer and its correlation with radiotherapeutic outcome. We measured HJURP expression level in human breast cancer cell lines and primary breast cancers by Western blot and/or by Affymetrix Microarray; and determined its associations with clinical variables using standard statistical methods. Validation was performed with the use of published microarray data. We assessed cell growth and apoptosis of breast cancer cells after radiation using high-content image analysis. HJURP was expressed at higher level in breast cancer than in normal breast tissue. HJURP mRNA levels were significantly associated with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grade, age and Ki67 proliferation indices, but not with pathologic stage, ERBB2, tumor size, or lymph node status. Higher HJURP mRNA levels significantly decreased disease-free and overall survival. HJURP mRNA levels predicted the prognosis better than Ki67 proliferation indices. In a multivariate Cox proportional-hazard regression, including clinical variables as covariates, HJURP mRNA levels remained an independent prognostic factor for disease-free and overall survival. In addition HJURP mRNA levels were an independent prognostic factor over molecular subtypes (normal like, luminal, Erbb2 and basal). Poor clinical outcomes among patients with high HJURP expression were validated in five additional breast cancer cohorts. Furthermore, the patients with high HJURP levels were much more sensitive to radiotherapy. In vitro studies in breast cancer cell lines showed that cells with high HJURP levels were more sensitive to radiation treatment and had a higher rate of apoptosis than those with low levels. Knock down of HJURP in human breast cancer cells using shRNA reduced the sensitivity to radiation treatment. HJURP mRNA levels were significantly correlated with CENPA mRNA levels. HJURP mRNA level is a prognostic factor for disease-free and overall survival in patients with breast cancer and is a predictive biomarker for sensitivity to radiotherapy.
An analytical finite element technique for predicting thrust force and torque in drilling

An analytical finite element technique was developed for predicting the thrust force and torque in drilling with twist drills. The approach was based on representing the cutting forces along the cutting lips as a series of oblique sections. Similarly, cutting in the chisel region was treated as orthogonal cutting with different cutting speeds depending on the radial location. For each section, an Eulerian finite element model was used to simulate the cutting forces. The section forces were combined to determine the overall thrust force and drilling torque. Good agreement between the predicted and measured forces and torques was found in orthogonal and oblique cutting and in drilling tests. The drilling tests were performed on AISI 1020 for several drill diameters, spindle speeds, and feed rates. An extension of the technique for predicting drill temperatures has also been described.
Cerebral vascular malformations adjacent to sensorimotor and visual cortex. Functional magnetic resonance imaging studies before and after therapeutic intervention

Background and Purpose It is not known how cerebral vascular malformations affect the function of the surrounding brain. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can provide information about normal functional neuroanatomy and its alteration by vascular lesions and therapeutic intervention. Methods We performed fMRI studies in 24 patients harboring vascular malformations adjacent to primary somatosensory, motor, and visual cortex. The fMRI studies consisted of the acquisition of an image time series coupled with functional activation of motor, sensory, or visual cortex in both hemispheres. Activated voxels were identified using frequency domain analyses, and their number and anatomic location were compared between the affected and unaffected hemispheres. Results Every patient capable of performing the desired task showed functional activation. Eight patients without neurological deficits showed a symmetrical pattern of activation between the hemispheres. Each had a vascular malformation located one or...
Human Cytomegalovirus UL99-Encoded pp28 Is Required for the Cytoplasmic Envelopment of Tegument-Associated Capsids

The human cytomegalovirus UL99-encoded pp28 is a myristylated phosphoprotein that is a constituent of the virion. The pp28 protein is positioned within the tegument of the virus particle, a protein structure that resides between the capsid and envelope. In the infected cell, pp28 is found in a cytoplasmic compartment derived from the Golgi apparatus, where the virus buds into vesicles to acquire its final membrane. We have constructed two mutants of human cytomegalovirus that fail to produce the pp28 protein, a substitution mutant (BADsubUL99) and a point mutant (BADpmUL99), and we have propagated them by complementation in pp28-expressing fibroblasts. Both mutant viruses are profoundly defective for growth in normal fibroblasts; no infectious virus could be detected after infection. Whereas normal levels of viral DNA and late proteins were observed in mutant virus-infected cells, large numbers of tegument-associated capsids accumulated in the cytoplasm that failed to acquire an envelope. We conclude that pp28 is required for the final envelopment of the human cytomegalovirus virion in the cytoplasm.
An accurate self-bias threshold voltage extractor using differential difference feedback amplifier

A novel self-biasing MOSFET threshold voltage (V/sub TH/) extractor circuit is presented. It implements the most popular industrial extraction algorithm of biasing a saturated MOSFET to the linear portion of its /spl radic/(I/sub D/) versus V/sub GS/ characteristic, and extrapolating the tangential line to V/sub GS/ axis. The proposed circuit performs both tasks automatically in continuous time regardless of the dimensions and technology of the device under test. A simple feedback loop utilizing a differential difference amplifier (DDA) accomplishes auto biasing, while another DDA calculates the extrapolated value. The circuit is applicable to both NMOS and PMOS devices. The paper presents the proposed extraction concept, describes the technique and circuit architecture, and verifies functionality by comparing simulated results with graphically extracted values.
Steroid Hormone Runoff from Agricultural Test Plots Applied with Municipal Biosolids

The potential presence of steroid hormones in runoff from sites where biosolids have been used as agricultural fertilizers is an environmental concern. A study was conducted to assess the potential for runoff of seventeen different hormones and two sterols, including androgens, estrogens, and progestogens from agricultural test plots. The field containing the test plots had been applied with biosolids for the first time immediately prior to this study. Target compounds were isolated by solid-phase extraction (water samples) and pressurized solvent extraction (solid samples), derivatized, and analyzed by gas chromatography− tandem mass spectrometry. Runoff samples collected prior to biosolids application had low concentrations of two hormones (estrone <0.8 to 2.23 ng L −1 and androstenedione <0.8 to 1.54 ng L −1 ) and cholesterol (22.5 ± 3.8 μ gL −1 ). In contrast, significantly higher concentrations of multiple estrogens (<0.8 to 25.0 ng L −1 ), androgens (<2 to 216 ng L −1 ), and progesterone (<8 to 98.9 ng L −1 ) were observed in runoff samples taken 1, 8, and 35 days after biosolids application. A significant positive correlation was observed between antecedent rainfall amount and hormone mass loads (runoff). Hormones in runoff were primarily present in the dissolved phase (<0.7-μm GF filter), and, to a lesser extent bound to the suspended-particle phase. Overall, these results indicate that rainfall can mobilize hormones from biosolids-amended agricultural fields, directly to surface waters or redistributed to terrestrial sites away from the point of application via runoff. Although concentrations decrease over time, 35 days is insufficient for complete degradation of hormones in soil at this site.
Seasonal Resource Selection and Distributional Response by Elk to Development of a Natural Gas Field

Global energy demand is predicted to increase dramatically, suggesting the need to understand the role of disturbance from energy development better and to develop more efficient conservation strategies for affected wildlife populations. We evaluated elk (Cervus elaphus) response to disturbance associated with natural gas development in summer and winter, including shifts in resource selection and concomitant distribution. We collected elk locations prior to (1992‐1995) and during (2008‐2010) coal bed natural gas (CBNG) development in the ~498-km 2 Fortification Creek Area (FCA) of northeastern Wyoming, USA, where approximately 700 CBNG wells and 542 km of collector, local, and resource roads were developed from 2000 through 2010. We developed resource selection functions for summer and winter using coordinate data from VHF-collared female elk prior to CBNG development and similar location data from GPS-collared female elk during CBNG development to assess spatial selection shifts. By pooling across all locations we created population level models for each time period (e.g., pre- and during development) and incorporated individual variation through bootstrapping standard errors for parameter estimates. Comparison of elk resource selection prior to and during natural gas development demonstrated behavioral and distributional shifts whereby during development, elk demonstrated a higher propensity to use distance and escape cover to minimize exposure to roads. Specifically, during-development elk selected areas with greater Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum Sarg.) cover, increased terrain ruggedness, and farther from CBNG roads than prior to development. Elk distributional changes resulting from avoidance behavior led to a loss of high-use areas by 43.1% and 50.2% in summer and winter, respectively. We suggest reducing traffic, protecting woody escape cover, and maintaining refugia within the energydevelopment footprint to promote persistence of elk within energy fields.
Fuzzy extensions to the object model

Numerous approaches for introducing and managing uncertainty in object-oriented databases or models have been proposed. The object model of the object data management group (ODMG) is used as the basis to systematically identify where, how, and what kinds of uncertainty can be and have been introduced. Several of the more recent fuzzy object-oriented models are examined and compared using the object model. From this review, various research issues requiring further investigation in order to establish a fuzzy object model are identified and discussed.
Thermodynamics and transport in an active Morse ring chain

We investigate the stochastic dynamics of an one-dimensional ring with N self-driven Brownian particles. In this model neighboring particles interact via conservative Morse potentials. The influence of the surrounding heat bath is modeled by Langevin-forces (white noise) and a constant viscous friction coecient 0. The Brownian particles are provided with internal energy depots which may lead to active motions of the particles. The depots are realized by an additional nonlinearly velocity-dependent friction coecient 1(v) in the equations of motions. In the rst part of the paper we study the partition functions of time averages and thermodynamical quantities (e.g. pressure) characterizing the stationary physical system. Numerically calculated non-equilibrium phase diagrams are represented. The last part is dedicated to transport phenomena by including a homogeneous external force eld that breaks the symmetry of the model. Here we nd enhanced mobility of the particles at low temperatures.
Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome

Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome is a theory of children's reactions to sexual abuse. It describes the process by which some children disclose sexual abuse and the factors that may affect children's willingness to disclose and maintain allegations of sexual abuse over time. It includes the following five components: (a) secrecy; (b) helplessness; (c) entrapment and accommodation; (d) delayed, conflicted, and unconvincing disclosure; and (e) retraction. Considerable controversy exists regarding the theory, and it has been the focus of much debate in the psychological and legal fields. Debate has focused on three main issues: (a) whether the model can be used accurately to diagnose sexual abuse, (b) the appropriate use of the model in legal contexts, and (c) whether there is empirical support for child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome. Keywords: forensic psychology; child abuse; child maltreatment; children; eyewitness testimony; victim