cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early Miocene subduction in the western Mediterranean: Constraints from Rb‐Sr multimineral isochron geochronology

The Betic Cordillera of southern Spain is a complex orogen formed in the context of convergence between Africa and Iberia from the Mesozoic to the present. The internal zone of the orogen includes three tectonic complexes, two of which have been subducted to high-pressure conditions, then exhumed back to the surface during subsequent extension. Subduction in the structurally lower complex, known as the Nevado-Filabride Complex (NFC), has been a topic of debate for several years due to conflicting geochronological data. Here we use multimineral isochron 87Rb/86Sr dating on carefully selected mineral samples from high-pressure metamorphic rocks in the NFC to better constrain the timing of high-pressure metamorphism and subduction in the region. Out of five samples analyzed, statistically valid multimineral isochrons were obtained for one eclogite and two schists, yielding ages of 20.1 ± 1.1, 16.0 ± 0.3, and 13.3 ± 1.3 Ma, respectively. Despite that the other two eclogite samples appeared to preserve prograde mineral assemblages, low 87Rb/86Sr ratios in white mica precluded precise age calculations. These new ages are in close agreement with previously published Lu-Hf ages on garnet and U-Pb ages on metamorphic zircon overgrowths for the same rocks, but are substantially younger than published data from the 40Ar/39Ar technique. Combined with recently published tomographic images of slab structure beneath the Alboran Sea, the new ages support a tectonic model in which subduction occurred both prior to the Miocene and during the early to mid-Miocene, but that it was punctuated in time by a pulse of extensional exhumation in the early Miocene associated with lithospheric delamination and/or slab tearing.
A New Extensible Authentication Protocol and Its Application

Extensible authentication protocol (EAP) can support a lot of authentication mechanisms. This paper introduces the EAP mechanism and brings forward a new EAP protocol and its application on the extensible firmware interface (EFI) on the basis of EAP mechanism.
Expression and mutational analysis of c-CBL and its relationship to the MET receptor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

// Cleo E. Rolle 1, * , Yi-Hung Carol Tan 1, * , Tanguy Y. Seiwert 1 , Sapana Vora 2 , Rajani Kanteti 1 , Rifat Hasina 1 , George B. Carey 1 , Mosmi Surati 3 , Ralph R. Weichselbaum 4 , Mark W. Lingen 5 , Everett E. Vokes 1 , Ravi Salgia 6 1 Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 2 Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 3 Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 4 Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology/Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 5 Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 6 Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutic Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Ravi Salgia, email: rsalgia@coh.org Keywords: c-CBL, MET, head and neck cancer Received: October 01, 2015 Accepted: April 16, 2016 Published: May 26, 2016 ABSTRACT MET is frequently overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and degraded by c-CBL E3-ubiquitin ligase. We investigated genetic variations of c-CBL in HNSCC and the relationship between c-CBL and MET expression. High MET, low c-CBL expression was detected in 10 cell lines and 73 tumor tissues. Two novel mutations (L254S, L281F), and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) P782L were identified from archival tumor tissues. 27.3% of loss of heterozygosity was found at CBL locus. Ectopic expression of wild-type c-CBL in SCC-35 cells downregulated MET expression and decreased cell viability. These results suggest MET overexpression is related to altered c-CBL expression, which may influence tumorigenesis.
Growth characteristics of leukemic and normal hematopoietic cells in Ph' + chronic myelogenous leukemia and effects of intensive treatment.

The proliferative and differentiation characteristics of leukemic cells from chronic phase (Ph'+) CML were examined in vitro and compared to those of hematopoietic precursors from normal individuals. The rates of proliferation and differentiation of the leukemic and normal precursors were very similar and only minor differences were discerned. Serial direct cytogenetic analyses of fresh marrow aspirations were performed on 28 patients with early Ph'+ CML prior to and during treatment with an intensive combination chemotherapy regimen (L-15 protocol), which destroyed a large fraction of the leukemic population and permitted repopulation of the marrow with predominantly Ph'-negative cells in about half of the patients. However, most of the complete remissions were of short duration. Even when no Ph'+ cells were found on direct cytogenetic preparations of fresh marrow aspirates, some Ph'+ metaphases were invariably found in cells arising from cultures of the core marrow biopsies and/or in colonies arising from concentrated marrow large cell fractions obtained by cell separation procedures. In several patients prior to treatment with the L-15 protocol, a significant percentage of Ph'-negative metaphases were found in colonies arising from blood small cell fractions, while the direct marrow cytogenetic analysis showed only Ph'+ metaphases. It is concluded that only subtle differences exist between the normal and leukemic cells, and it is doubtful if it will be possible to selectively eradicate the leukemic population with currently available chemotherapeutic agents without encountering fatalities due to destruction of residual normal stem cells.
Coagulation in Drinking Water Treatment: Particles, Organics and Coagulants

A review of coagulation in drinking water treatment is presented. The paper emphasizes the importance of raw water chemistry, natural organic matter (NOM) concentration and type, and the chemistry of coagulants. Mineral and organic particles may be stable in water due to electrostatic charge interactions, hydrophilic effects, or to steric interactions from adsorbed macromolecules. NOM rather than particles initially in water supplies can control coagulant dosages and selection. MOM consists of a mixture of various organic compounds including hydrophobic (humic and fulvic acids) and hydrophilic fractions. The negative charge and chemical structure of the hydrophobic acids affect chemical reactions with coagulants, particularly metal based coagulants. The removal of NOM with Al coagulants can involve hydrolysis, complexation, precipitation, and adsorption reactions. Specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) can be used to estimate whether the NOM of a water is high or low in hydrophobic acids and to estimate removals of DOC by coagulation. Preozonation of water supplies containing algae may lead to microflocculation or impair coagulation depending on algae type, concentration and molecular weight of extracellular organic matter (EOM), and ozone dose.
Understanding the T2 traffic in CMS during Run-1

In the run-up to Run-1 CMS was operating its facilities according to the MONARC model, where data-transfers were strictly hierarchical in nature. Direct transfers between Tier-2 nodes was excluded, being perceived as operationally intensive and risky in an era where the network was expected to be a major source of errors. By the end of Run-1 wide-area networks were more capable and stable than originally anticipated. The original data-placement model was relaxed, and traffic was allowed between Tier-2 nodes.Tier-2 to Tier-2 traffic in 2012 already exceeded the amount of Tier-2 to Tier-1 traffic, so it clearly has the potential to become important in the future. Moreover, while Tier-2 to Tier-1 traffic is mostly upload of Monte Carlo data, the Tier-2 to Tier-2 traffic represents data moved in direct response to requests from the physics analysis community. As such, problems or delays there are more likely to have a direct impact on the user community.Tier-2 to Tier-2 traffic may also traverse parts of the WAN that are at the 'edge' of our network, with limited network capacity or reliability compared to, say, the Tier-0 to Tier-1 traffic which goes the over LHCOPN network.CMS is looking to exploit technologies that allow us to interact with the network fabric so that it can manage our traffic better for us, this we hope to achieve before the end of Run-2. Tier-2 to Tier-2 traffic would be the most interesting use-case for such traffic management, precisely because it is close to the users' analysis and far from the 'core' network infrastructure.As such, a better understanding of our Tier-2 to Tier-2 traffic is important. Knowing the characteristics of our data-flows can help us place our data more intelligently. Knowing how widely the data moves can help us anticipate the requirements for network capacity, and inform the dynamic data placement algorithms we expect to have in place for Run-2.This paper presents an analysis of the CMS Tier-2 traffic during Run 1.
Informing the Less Informed

For guidance in the school system to thrive and be effective, certain services must be rendered by the counsellor. One of such services is the information service. Counselling thrives a great deal on information and information regarding the immediate and remote environments of the counselee plays a very significant role in the counsellorâ€™s work. Information is very vital for the survival of the human race. Accurate and timely information is needed to take good decisions. But the complex nature of todayâ€™s world brought about by scientific and technological advancements has rendered decision-making an ever difficult task for both young and old, especially the former. Of course, decision-making becomes difficult when the information that is required to make the right decisions is lacking. This paper throws the spotlight on the information service and how it can be used in the school guidance programme.
Multiscale Upstream and In Situ Precursors to the Elevated Mixed Layer and High-Impact Weather over the Midwest United States

College of Arts and Sciences at Plymouth State University; Center for the Environment at Plymouth State University; Hobart and William Smith Colleges Provost's Office; National Science Foundation [ATM-0304254, ATM-0553017, ATM-0646907]
Refugee resettlement in the United States: language, policy, pedagogy, edited by E. Feuernherm and V. Ramanathan: Bristol, Multilingual Matters, 2015, 208 pp., $36.54 (pbk), ISBN 978-1-78309-456-1

Feuernherm and Ramanathan's edited volume brings a range of applied sociolinguistic and discourse analytic perspectives to bear on the intersection of language, policy, education, and pedagogy in r...
Protocols for the examination of tumors of diverse sites. Introduction

○ This issue of the ARCHIVES includes previously unpublished protocols for the examination of specimens removed from patients with cancer of diverse sites. We provide a historical context for the development of these protocols and describe the process of development and approval. General information about the structure and content of the protocols is also provided. Cancer protocol development is an important step in the process of standardized cancer reporting. The value of such standardized reporting is discussed.
Educar la persona moral en su totalidad

La cuestion de la formacion moral de nuestros jovenes, no es ciertamente un asunto nuevo. Se ha debatido, intentado, defendido y criticado durante milenios. A medida que nos acercamos a un nuevo milenio de desacuerdo sobre la posibilidad y el modo de influir sobre la moralidad de nuestros jovenes, quiza merezca la pena examinar algunos de los problemas a los que nos hemos enfrentado en el pasado y sugerir una perspectiva que ofrezca el potencial para superar tales problemas1. Esta comunicacion supone justamente un intento en tal sentido.
Evaluating Voice Interaction Pipelines at the Edge

With the recent releases of Alexa Voice Services and Google Home, voice-driven interactive computing is quickly become commonplace. Voice interactive applications incorporate multiple components including complex speech recognition and translation algorithms, natural language understanding and generation capabilities, as well as custom compute functions commonly referred to as skills. Voice-driven interactive systems are composed of software pipelines using these components. These pipelines are typically resource intensive and must be executed quickly to maintain dialogue-consistent latencies. Consequently, voice interaction pipelines are usually computed entirely in the cloud. However, for many cases, cloud connectivity may not be practical and require these voice interactive pipelines be executed at the edge. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of pushing voice-driven pipelines to computationally-weak edge devices. Our primary motivation is to enable voice-driven interfaces for first responders during emergencies, such as building fires, when connectivity to the cloud is impractical. We first characterize the end-to-end performance of a complete open source voice interaction pipeline for four different configurations ranging from entirely cloud-based to completely edge-based. We also identify potential optimization opportunities to enable voice-drive interaction pipelines to be fully executed at computationally-weak edge devices at lower response latencies than high-performance cloud services
Direct Observation of Self-Heating in III–V Gate-All-Around Nanowire MOSFETs

Gate-all-around (GAA) MOSFETs use multiple nanowires (NWs) to achieve target $I_{\mathrm{{\scriptscriptstyle ON}}}$ , along with excellent 3-D electrostatic control of the channel. Although the self-heating effect has been a persistent concern, the existing characterization methods, based on indirect measure of mobility and specialized test structures, do not offer adequate spatiotemporal resolution. In this paper, we develop an ultrafast high-resolution thermoreflectance (TR) imaging technique to: 1) directly observe the increase in local surface temperature of the GAA-FET with different number of NWs; 2) characterize/interpret the time constants of heating and cooling through high-resolution transient measurements; 3) identify critical paths for heat dissipation; and 4) detect in situ time-dependent breakdown of individual NW. Combined with the complementary approaches that probe the internal temperature of the NWs, the TR-images offer a high-resolution map of self-heating in the surround-gate devices with unprecedented precision, necessary for the validation of electrothermal models and the optimization of devices and circuits. In addition, we develop the simple compact model of the complex structure, which can explain experimental observations and can provide the internal temperature of the NWs.
INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI KARAKTER DAN KEPRIBADIAN MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM MELALUI PENDEKATAN HUMANIS-RELIGIUS

CHARACTER VALUES AND PERSONALITY INTERNALISATION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION STUDENTS THROUGH HUMANIST-RELIGIOUS APPROACH. Islamic Teacher Training and Education Faculty has a strategic role in the effort to counteract demoralization and dehumanization. One of the efforts is by maximizing the academic process. The purpose of this study is to discover how the implementation of character education through a religious humanist approach is. Sources of data were from leaders, lecturers of Personality Development Subject, student and related matters. To get the data more deeply, researcher used Snowball Technique. Techniques used for collecting data were multiple methods. They were interview, documentation and observation. The results show that the character education design is hiddencurriculum. In the process done through the activities of Tridarma Perguruan Tinggi. It can be implemented through emphasizing regulations of lectures and socialization. They are building harmonious, humanist and religious relationships, kinship, promoting compassion, positive habituation, building a positive mindset of students, meaningful learning, lecturers as the living model, and integration of Islamic values. The easy access to the source of religious values will be able to maximize the effort to have cadres of future teachers who have humanist and religious character and personality.
The top 50 cited articles on chordomas.

Background: Chordomas are rare malignant primary tumors of the spine. In the mobile spine and sacrum an en-bloc resection is associated with decreased rates of recurrence. Our objective was to identify the top cited articles in chordoma research and to further analyze characteristics of these articles. Methods: In March 2017, we used ISI Web of Science (v5.11, Thomas Reuter, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA) to search for the following key word: “chordoma”. Articles were searched from 1900 to 2017. Articles were ranked based on number of citations. The results were evaluated to determine articles most clinically relevant to the management of chordomas. The top 50 articles that met the search criteria were further characterized on the basis of: title, author, citation density, journal of publication, year (and decade) of publication, institution and country of origin and paper topic. Results: A total of 1,043 articles matched the search criteria. The most influential 50 articles were cited 65 to 290 times. The articles were published between 1926 and 2012, and all articles were published in English. Thirty-three publications (66%) originated from the United States and seven (14%) from Italy. Cancer accounted for the most frequent (n=9) destination journal followed by Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (n=4). A total of 41 institutions contributed to the top 50 articles. The most common article types were: clinical 44% (n=22), papers that combined clinical and pathology findings 18% (n=9) and basic science research 14% (n=7). Conclusions: The top 50 cited articles on chordomas are predominantly clinical papers, arising from the United States and most frequently published in Cancer and Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery .
The Great Recession of 2008–2009, Conventional and Non-conventional U.S. Federal Government Responses and Their Impact on U.S. Small Businesses

This paper provides a general background on the events that lead to the financial crisis and Great Recession of 2008–2009 in the United States. A strong argument can be made that the origins of the crisis can be traced to a fundamental imbalance between house prices and personal income. This imbalance resulted in a pronounced drop of inter-bank confidence, leading to a dramatic rise in the relative cost of capital for financial institutions, and a sharp reduction in lending. As a result, the economy experienced a pronounced recession, hitting small businesses particularly hard.
The impact of medical technology on the pregnant woman's right to privacy.

PIP: It has been suggested that the advance of science and technology in the West has changed both the relationship of man to nature and of man to man. With regard to human reproduction, science and technology in medicine may certainly change the relationship of man to nature and of man to man, but also the concept of what it means to be human. Efforts must be taken to guarantee the rights of all humans. The author explores developing reproductive medical technology to consider how it may change our concept of humanness and how that change may be accommodated, encouraged, or impeded by the relationship between the government and its pregnant citizens as defined by the US Constitution and the right to privacy. Sections discuss the Constitution at the beginning of life; sterilization and the right to procreate; contraception, abortion, and the right not to procreate; and surrogacy. The author also discusses constitutional issues when the interests of a pregnant woman conflict with those of the fetus in terms of fetal surgery, forced cesarean-section cases, and the fetal abuse case of Pamela Monson Stewart.
Elementary Estimators for High-Dimensional Linear Regression

We consider the problem of structurally constrained high-dimensional linear regression. This has attracted considerable attention over the last decade, with state of the art statistical estimators based on solving regularized convex programs. While these typically non-smooth convex programs can be solved by the state of the art optimization methods in polynomial time, scaling them to very large-scale problems is an ongoing and rich area of research. In this paper, we attempt to address this scaling issue at the source, by asking whether one can build simpler possibly closed-form estimators, that yet come with statistical guarantees that are nonetheless comparable to regularized likelihood estimators. We answer this question in the affirmative, with variants of the classical ridge and OLS (ordinary least squares estimators) for linear regression. We analyze our estimators in the high-dimensional setting, and moreover provide empirical corroboration of its performance on simulated as well as real world microarray data.
Clinical Epigenetic Therapies Disrupt Sex Chromosome Dosage Compensation in Human Female Cells.

Sex chromosome gene dosage compensation is required to ensure equivalent levels of X-linked gene expression between males (46, XY) and females (46, XX). To achieve similar expression, X-chromosome ...
Corrections to Higgs mode masses in superfluid He 3 from acoustic spectroscopy

Superfluid $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ has a rich spectrum of collective modes with both massive and massless excitations. The masses of these modes can be precisely measured using acoustic spectroscopy and fit to theoretical models. Prior comparisons of the experimental results with theory did not include strong-coupling effects beyond the weak-coupling-plus BCS model, so-called nontrivial strong-coupling corrections. In this paper we utilize recent strong-coupling calculations to determine the Higgs masses and find consistency between experiments that relate them to a subdominant $f$-wave pairing strength.
Runtime Verification and Refutation for Biological Systems

Advanced computational models are transforming the way research is done in biology, by providing quantitative means to assess the validity of theories and hypotheses and allowing predictive capabilities, raising an urgent need to be able to systematically and efficiently analyze runtime properties of models. In this tutorial I describe key biological applications, modeling formalisms, property specification languages, and computational tools utilized in this domain, survey the techniques and research from the formal verification, machine learning and simulation communities that are currently being used, and outline opportunities for the runtime verification community to contribute new scalable methods.
Computational analysis of thermally induced stress concentration in structures with geometric constraints

Abstract Fracture and fatigue life of an engineering component is highly sensitive to stress concentrations that can arise at sharp corners. Stress concentration can be caused by impact, pressure, and high temperatures, among other factors. High operating temperatures are common in internal combustion engines, batteries, computers, and additive manufacturing. In this work, we aim to provide systematic notch design guidelines for thin metallic plates subjected to strict geometrical boundary conditions under high temperatures. Computational analysis is used to investigate how geometrical configurations, near critical areas, affect the magnitude of thermally-induced stress and strain under the influence of uniform heating conditions. Results show that tuning the curvature of sharp corners can allow for the mitigation of potentially destructive thermally-induced stresses. Additionally, this study shows that the use of functionally graded materials (with varying values of coefficient of thermal expansion and modulus) can redistribute thermally-induced stresses, improving the structural performance of metallic materials in the presence of high temperature environments.
Impacto del sistema Transmilenio en el espacio público: estación Héroes 2000-2016

The research is focused in reflect how the infrastructure of transport mass modify the conditions of use in the space public. For this research is takes emphasizing, the station of Transmilenio of the street 80, station Heroes, and from there is performed a study referential exploratory of them authors that have developed this thematic, in addition to analyze the impact that have them flows pedestrian of the system of transport in the space public, to study.
The Readable Delaware General Corporation Law: 2019-2020 with VisiLaw Markings

VisiLaw is a system for marking statutes to make them easier to read. This paper contains a short introduction to VisiLaw and a complete, VisiLaw-marked, copy of the Delaware General Corporation Law. The corporation law is current through end of the legislative session on June 30, 2019. It includes Senate Bill No. 88 and House Bill 404 with Senate Amendments. VisiLaw markings visually separate sentences and clauses within sentences, making it easy to see where each begins and ends. The ability to see sentence structure at a glance makes it possible to read clauses one at a time, without losing orientation in the overall structure. Within each constituent clause, underlining identifies a skeletal sentence. That sentence includes the subject, verb, direct object and a few other words. The underlining enables the reader to quickly get the gist, and understand the structure, of the constituent clauses. The Readable Delaware General Corporation Law is published in hard copy and available on Amazon.
Dynamical modeling of multi-scale variability in neuronal competition

Variability is observed at multiple-scales in the brain and ubiquitous in perception. However, the nature of perceptual variability is an open question. We focus on variability during perceptual rivalry, a form of neuronal competition. Rivalry provides a window into neural processing since activity in many brain areas is correlated to the alternating perception rather than a constant ambiguous stimulus. It exhibits robust properties at multiple scales including conscious awareness and neuron dynamics. The prevalent theory for spiking variability is called the balanced state; whereas, the source of perceptual variability is unknown. Here we show that a single biophysical circuit model, satisfying certain mutual inhibition architectures, can explain spiking and perceptual variability during rivalry. These models adhere to a broad set of strict experimental constraints at multiple scales. As we show, the models predict how spiking and perceptual variability changes with stimulus conditions.
Adjunctive Interventional Techniques When Percutaneous Catheter Ablation for Drug Refractory Ventricular Arrhythmias Fail: A Contemporary Review.

Percutaneous catheter ablation is a key treatment modality in the contemporary management of ventricular arrhythmias (VA). Ablation reduces the burden of implanted cardioverter-defibrillator shocks,1 which are otherwise associated with poor quality of life and increased mortality.2 Ablation can be life saving for incessant or repeated VA electrical storm (ES).3 However, acute and long-term efficacy remain suboptimal. Acute procedural success is achievable in 56% to 77% of patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) related to ischemic cardiomyopathy and 38% to 67% of patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM), whereas 30% to 50% of patients recur during long-term follow-up.4–6 Exhaustive efforts using endocardial and epicardial ablation at times fail to abolish VA. Such patients suffer a poor prognosis from uncontrollable arrhythmia, progressive heart failure, and high mortality.1 As the utilization of VT ablation continues to increase over time, the complexity of patients being referred for ablation may also increase. It is likely that an increasing number of patients will be encountered in whom standard ablation approaches will fail. Thus, the focus of this contemporary review is to address the reasons for failure of catheter ablation of VA with contemporary techniques and to summarize the published literature on alternative interventional approaches for the treatment of VA. It must be emphasized that the management of such patients is best undertaken within a dedicated unit for the treatment of complex VA, where there is a strong clinical collaboration between electrophysiologists, interventional cardiologists, anesthesiologists, advanced heart failure physicians, and cardiac surgeons.7 It is important to emphasize that this review outlines the more aggressive spectrum of alternative interventional approaches described in the literature, which are less well studied that conventional endocardial (or epicardial) ablation. For the majority of patients who fail initial ablation attempts, a repeat standard procedure is warranted. Often …
Megalin: A bridge connecting kidney, the renin-angiotensin system, and atherosclerosis

Megalin is a member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor superfamily. It has been recognized as an endocytic receptor for a large spectrum of ligands. As a consequence, megalin regulates homeostasis of many molecules and affects multiple physiological and pathophysiological functions. The renin-angiotensin system is a hormonal system. A number of studies have reported contributions of the renin-angiotensin system to atherosclerosis. There is evolving evidence that megalin is a regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, and contributes to atherosclerosis. This brief review provides contemporary insights into effects of megalin on renal functions, the renin-angiotensin system, and atherosclerosis.
Backside Security Assessment of Modern SoCs

A System-on-chip (SoC) accommodates differentsecurity-sensitive modules and information, collectively knownas assets. Protecting the assets from a malicious entity is thekey objective of the security architecture of the SoC. On theother hand, optical debugging and diagnosis based physicalinspection methods are widely used for defects and failureslocalization in silicon implementation. Transparency of silicon tonear-infrared (NIR) light is used for optical debugging purposes, e.g., photon emission analysis, laser-voltage probing/imaging, laser stimulation. The mentioned above semi-/non-invasive opticalapproaches allow run-time monitoring of the transistor througha silicon substrate, i.e., chip backside. Besides, to facilitate thefailure analysis, no protection scheme is implemented at theSoC backside. Therefore, an attacker can effortlessly track andextract the chip assets by optically attacking the security-sensitivemodules. Thus, the silicon substrate appears as the new "back-door" for SoC security. Though different countermeasures havebeen proposed, none proved to be impeccable against differentclasses of optical attacks. Therefore, to identify the attack surfacefor optical attacks, we surveyed the security threat imposed byvarious optical attacks. Based on the capability and chip designasset availability, we have also classified the potential adversariesto exploit the semi-invasive optical techniques. Finally, we turnedour focus about the threat of optical attacks in the existingand emerging smaller technology nodes and concluded withsuggestions for future research direction.
Association of Child Abuse with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Black Women During Adulthood.

OBJECTIVE Exposure to psychosocial stressors may contribute to the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through dysregulation of the adaptive stress response. The present study was undertaken to assess the relationship of childhood physical and sexual abuse to risk of SLE among Black women. METHODS Using data from the Black Women's Health Study, we followed 36,152 women from 1995 through 2015 with biennial questionnaires. Women reported on exposure to abuse during childhood (up to age 11) in 2005. Self-reported cases of incident SLE were confirmed as meeting the American College of Rheumatology SLE classification criteria by medical record review. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for SLE among women exposed to physical or sexual abuse during childhood, controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS We confirmed 101 cases of incident SLE and identified patients who had completed questions on child abuse during 670,822 person-years of follow-up. Both physical and sexual abuse during childhood were associated with statistically significant increases in SLE incidence. The HR for SLE associated with ≥2 episodes of severe sexual abuse compared to no abuse was 2.51 (95% CI 1.29-4.85) after adjustment for alcohol consumption, smoking, body mass index, oral contraceptive use, age at menarche, and parental education. The multivariable-adjusted HR for SLE with ≥5 episodes of severe physical abuse was 2.37 (95% CI 1.13-4.99). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that sexual and physical abuse during childhood increase SLE risk during adulthood among Black women. Research is necessary both to confirm this finding and to understand potential mediating mechanisms.
sPepFinder expedites genome-wide identification of small proteins in bacteria

ABSTRACT Small proteins shorter than 50 amino acids have been long overlooked. A number of small proteins have been identified in several model bacteria using experimental approaches and assigned important functions in diverse cellular processes. The recent development of ribosome profiling technologies has allowed a genome-wide identification of small proteins and small ORFs (smORFs), but our incomplete understanding of small proteins hinders de novo computational prediction of smORFs in non-model bacterial species. Here, we have identified several sequence features for smORFs by a systematic analysis of all the known small proteins in E. coli, among which the translation initiation rate is the strongest determinant. By integrating these features into a support vector machine learning model, we have developed a novel sPepFinder algorithm that can predict conserved smORFs in bacterial genomes with a high accuracy of 92.8%. De novo prediction in E. coli has revealed several novel smORFs with evidence of translation supported by ribosome profiling. Further application of sPepFinder in 549 bacterial species has led to the identification of > 100,000 novel smORFs, many of which are conserved at the amino acid and nucleotide levels under purifying selection. Overall, we have established sPepFinder as a valuable tool to identify novel smORFs in both model and non-model bacterial organisms, and provided a large resource of small proteins for functional characterizations.
Comparison of the in vitro activity of new beta-lactams and aminoglycosides against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Summary In vitro susceptibility of 338 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to twelve antipseudomonal antibiotics were determined. Correlation between antibiotic resistance and serotypes was also performed, It was shown that the newer β-lactams cefsulodin, piperacillin, azlocillin and mezlocillin had high biological activity against carbenicillin-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa. The most active aminoglycosides against gentamicin-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa were amikacin and netilmicin. Carbenicillin-resistant strains were most frequently observed among serotypes 4, 11 and NT group, and gentamicin-resistant strains among serotypes 3, 11 and NT group.
Team Synchronization and Individual Contributions in Coop-Space Fortress:

This work studied human teamwork with a concentration on the influence of team synchronization and in- dividual differences on performance. Human participants were paired to complete collaborative ...
Bell's Palsy as a Late Neurologic Manifestation of COVID-19 Infection

Bell's palsy is acute peripheral facial nerve palsy; its cause is often unknown but it can be triggered by acute viral infection. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection commonly presents with respiratory symptoms, but neurologic complications have been reported. A few studies have reported the occurrence of facial nerve palsy during the COVID-19 pandemic. We present a case of Bell's palsy in a 36-year-old man with COVID-19 infection and a past medical history of nephrolithiasis. He presented to the emergency room with a day history of sudden right facial weakness and difficulty closing his right eye four weeks following a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection. Physical examination revealed right lower motor neuron facial nerve palsy (House-Brackmann grade IV). Serologic screen for Lyme disease, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2 were negative for acute infection; however, neuroimaging with MRI confirmed Bell's palsy. He made remarkable improvement following treatment with a course of valacyclovir and methylprednisolone. This case adds to the growing body of literature on neurological complications that should be considered when managing patients with COVID-19 infection.
By-design molecular architectures via alkyne metathesis

Shape-persistent purely organic molecular architectures have attracted tremendous research interest in the past few decades. Dynamic Covalent Chemistry (DCvC), which deals with reversible covalent bond formation reactions, has emerged as an efficient synthetic approach for constructing these well-defined molecular architectures. Among various dynamic linkages, the formation of ethynylene linkages through dynamic alkyne metathesis is of particular interest due to their high chemical stability, linearity, and rigidity. In this review, we focus on the synthetic strategies of discrete molecular architectures (e.g., macrocycles, molecular cages) containing ethynylene linkages using alkyne metathesis as the key step, and their applications. We will introduce the history and challenges in the synthesis of those architectures via alkyne metathesis, the development of alkyne metathesis catalysts, the reported novel macrocycle structures, molecular cage structures, and their applications. In the end, we offer an outlook of this field and remaining challenges.
DeepLoRa: Fingerprinting LoRa Devices at Scale Through Deep Learning and Data Augmentation

The Long Range (LoRa) protocol for low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) is a strong candidate to enable the massive roll-out of the Internet of Things (IoT) because of its low cost, impressive sensitivity (-137dBm), and massive scalability potential. As tens of thousands of tiny LoRa devices are deployed over large geographic areas, a key component to the success of LoRa will be the development of reliable and robust authentication mechanisms. To this end, Radio Frequency Fingerprinting (RFFP) through deep learning (DL) has been heralded as an effective zero-power supplement or alternative to energy-hungry cryptography. Existing work on LoRa RFFP has mostly focused on small-scale testbeds and low-dimensional learning techniques; however, many challenges remain. Key among them are authentication techniques robust to a wide variety of channel variations over time and supporting a vast population of devices. In this work, we advance the state of the art by presenting (i) the first massive experimental evaluation of DL RFFP and (ii) new data augmentation techniques for LoRa designed to counter the degradation introduced by the wireless channel. Specifically, we collected and publicly shared more than 1TB of waveform data from 100 bit-similar devices (with identical manufacturing processes) over different deployment scenarios (outdoor vs. indoor) and spanning several days. We train and test diverse DL models (convolutional and recurrent neural networks) using either preamble or payload data slices. We compare three different representations of the received signal: (i) IQ, (ii) amplitude-phase, and (iii) spectrogram. Finally, we propose a novel data augmentation technique called DeepLoRa to enhance the LoRa RFFP performance. Results show that (i) training the CNN models with IQ representation is not always the best combo in fingerprinting LoRa radios; training CNNs and RNN-LSTMs with amplitude-phase and spectrogram representations may increase the fingerprinting performance in small and medium-scale testbeds; (ii) using only payload data in the fingerprinting process outperforms preamble only data, and (iii) DeepLoRa data augmentation technique improves the classification accuracy from 19% to 36% in the RFFP challenging case of training on data collected on a different day than the testing data. Moreover, DeepLoRa raises the accuracy from 82% to 91% when training and testing 100 devices with data collected on the same day.
Impacts of climate change on human health and agriculture in recent years

Climate change is one of the biggest threat to the human health and agriculture in recent years. The average global temperature is rising due to the greenhouse effect. The major contributor to the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide is increasing at an alarming rate which led to higher productivity of plant due to photosynthesis but increased temperature offsets this effect as it leads to increased crop respiration rate and evapotranspiration, higher pest infestation, a shift in weed flora, and reduced crop duration. Also climate change impacts the human health severely these days due to greenhouse gases and global warming. People living in all islands, coastal regions, mountainous and polar regions are more vulnerable to the impact of climate change. This paper results in the impacts and prevention methods towards human health and agriculture due to climate change in recent years.
Bicarbonate effect on electron flow in a cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803

In this communication, evidence is presented from the kinetics of QA − decay (where QA is the first plastoquinone electron acceptor of photosystem II) and oxygen evolution for the requirement of bicarbonate in the electron transport in a cyanobacteriumSynechocystis (Pasteur Culture Collection 6803). A large slowing down of QA − oxidation, measured from the variable chlorophylla fluorescence after saturating actinic flashes, was observed in the thylakoids ofSynechocystis 6803 depleted of bicarbonate in the presence of 25 mM formate. Qualitatively similar results were obtained with DCMU-treated thylakoids. This shows that bicarbonate depletion inhibits electron transport on the acceptor side of photosystem II between QA and the plastoquinone (PQ) pool in cyanobacteria. Addition of 2.5 mM HCO3 − fully reversed the inhibition of electron flow caused by bicarbonate depletion. Two exponential phases of QA − decay, a fast one and a slow one, were observed with halftimes of approx. 400 μs (fast) and 26 ms (slow) at pH 6.5. At pH 7.5, these phases were approx. 330 μs (fast) and 21 ms (slow), respectively. The amplitude, but not the halftime, of the fast component decreased by about 70% (pH 6.5) or 50% (pH 7.5); this was accompanied by a concomittant increase in the slow phase. Twenty mM bicarbonate stimulated, by a factor of 4, the Hill reaction in bicarbonate-depletedSynechocystis cells. This effect is independent of CO2 fixation as it was observed even in the presence of an inhibitor DBMIB.
E.C.G. studies during intubation under hibernation.

E.C.G. readings were taken of 34 patients while being intubated with endotracheal tubes while being anaesthetised with “artificial hibernation”. No alterations in cardiac rhythm were observed in any of these cases. This is in sharp contrast to the results recorded of intubation with other techniques.
Effect of full flavor and denicotinized cigarettes exposure on the brain microvascular endothelium: a microarray-based gene expression study using a human immortalized BBB endothelial cell line

Tobacco smoke (TS) toxicity to the brain microvasculature is still an understudied area till date. NF-E2 related factor (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor responsible for activating the antioxidant response element (ARE) genes following an oxidative insult. Till date, several studies targeting the blood brain barrier (BBB) have shown some protective role of Nrf2 in ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury, however, its functional role in chronic smokers subjected to a life-long oxidative stress has never been addressed. This is of crucial importance since smokers have a much higher risk for cerebrovascular stroke and tobacco smoke exposure has been clearly shown to enhance BBB damage following an ischemia/reperfusion injury. Thus, the goal of our study was to investigate the defense pathways activated at the BBB endothelial level by TS exposure. Specifically we focused on Nrf2 and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B signaling response (NF-κβ) as the central protective mechanisms related to oxidative insult. With the exception of Nicotine, both full flavor (3R4F) and decotinized (ULN) cigarettes activated Nrf2 and NFκβ pathways in hCMEC/D3 endothelial cells. Several detoxification and anti-oxidant genes including downstream products were also activated including NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1 (NQO-1), heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1), catalytic and modifier subunits of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), solute carrier-SLC7A11). Gene expression levels of cytochrome P450s (CYP2S1 and CYP51A1) and efflux transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multi-drug resistance protein-4 (MRP4) were also enhanced. Increase of P-gp functional activity and depletion of GSH were also observed. Strikingly, toxicity of denicotinized (“reduced exposure”) cigarettes was equivalent to 3R4F (or worse). This study provides a detailed analysis of Nrf2-related cytoprotective mechanisms activated in response to 3R4F and ULN-derived TS exposure correlating the results with their oxidative and inflammatory potential. Toxicants present in soluble cigarette smoke extracts (CSE) and not nicotine seem to be the primary determinant of vascular toxicity. In this respect our results from this and previous studies suggest that chronic TS exposure can overcome Nrf2 and NFκB-p65 dependent cytoprotective mechanisms of the brain microvascular endothelium possibly leading to BBB impairment and loss of BBB integrity.
Ethanolamine deaminase, a cobamide coenzyme-dependent enzyme. I. Purification, assay, and properties of the enzyme.

Abstract Ethanolamine deaminase, a clostridial enzyme that catalyzes the cobamide coenzyme-dependent conversion of ethanolamine to ammonia and acetaldehyde, has been obtained as a homogeneous protein. Isolation of the relatively stable enzyme was facilitated by its unique lack of solubility in solutions with an ionic strength greater than 0.11. The specific activities of apparently homogeneous preparations isolated from different batches of cells are slightly different. A spectrophotometric assay for the detection of less than 1 µg of purified enzyme was developed by coupling the formation of acetaldehyde in the deaminase reaction with DPNH oxidation in the presence of added alcohol dehydrogenase. The deaminase reaction has an absolute requirement for cobamide coenzyme. The apparent Km values for α-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)cobamide coenzyme, α-benzimidazolyl)cobamide coenzyme, and α-(adenylyl)cobamide coenzyme are 1.5 x 10-6, 1.9 x 10-7, and 7.7 x 10-6 m, respectively. Of several compounds tested, only ethanolamine is a substrate for the enzyme. Potassium ion is required for catalytic activity, whereas Li+ and Na+ are competitive inhibitors. The pH optimum for the reaction is 6.8 to 8.2. p-Chloromercuriphenylsulfonate inhibited the deaminase 46% at 3 x 10-4 m. Like the dioldehydrase described by Lee and Abeles (15), ethanolamine deaminase is inactivated by incubation with cobamide coenzyme in the absence of substrate, and both the deaminase and dioldehydrase reactions have a detectable lag period at low levels of cobamide coenzyme.