cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of CuO/ZnO under oxidizing conditions for the oxidative methanol reforming reaction

Abstract Catalytic generation of hydrogen by the reaction of methanol with oxygen in the presence of steam over an industrial copper–zinc oxide catalyst was studied. Under differential oxygen conversion conditions, the catalyst remained in an oxidized state, and the main reaction was oxidation of methanol to carbon dioxide and water. The activity was proportional to the copper oxide surface area. The methanol consumption rate had a small positive order in methanol and oxygen (0.18th order) and was suppressed by water. The catalyst deactivated with time on stream due to agglomeration of copper oxide. As the reactor temperature increased, the rate of methanol oxidation increased, the oxygen conversion became very high, and the catalyst away from the reactor entrance became reduced. Then, a significant rate of hydrogen production was observed.
Increased CD8+ T Cells Associated With Chlamydia pneumoniae in Symptomatic Carotid Plaque

Background and Purpose— The presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae has been reported in carotid atheroma, but its causative effect in the activation of an atherosclerotic plaque to a prothrombotic state remains unproved. Antigen- mediated activation of T lymphocytes within plaque may represent a mechanism by which infection can result in plaque conversion. The goal of the present study was to characterize the T-cell subtype profile related to the presence of C pneumoniae in patients with symptomatic versus asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis. Methods— We studied 14 plaques (5 symptomatic and 9 asymptomatic) positive for C pneumoniae confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and 14 plaques (6 symptomatic and 8 asymptomatic) from age- and stenosis-matched patients negative for C pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction. T-cell subpopulations of T-helper, T-cytotoxic, and T-memory lymphocytes were identified through indirect enzyme immunohistochemistry with anti-CD3+, anti-CD4+, anti-CD8+, and anti-CD45RO+ monoclonal...
Communicative Conduct in Commercial Medicine: Initial Consultations Between Plastic Surgeons and Prospective Clients

In this study, I investigated naturally occurring medical interaction in commercial medicine. Drawing on 30+ hours of videotaped data and 9 months of fieldwork in a cosmetic surgery clinic, this analysis focuses on how plastic surgeons interact with patients who seek to alter their bodily appearance. The ethnographically informed discourse analysis reveals how plastic surgeons manage multiple and competing interactive demands. Specifically, I describe plastic surgeons' key strategies for meeting both health-related and institutional goals. In the conclusion, I reflect on the communication challenges that medical professionals and patients face when consumerism and medicine meet.
Some relationships between the information function of IRT and the signal/noise ratio and reliability coefficient of classical test theory

It is shown that IRTs information function for an item is functionally related to “local” versions of classical test theories' signal/noise ratio and reliability coefficient.
Finding reductions automatically

We describe our progress building the program Reduction-Finder, which uses off-the-shelf SAT solvers together with the Cmodels system to automatically search for reductions between decision problems described in logic.
The immersed/fictitious element method for fluid–structure interaction: Volumetric consistency, compressibility and thin members

A weak form and an implementation are given for fluid-structure interaction by the immersed/fictitious element method for compressible fluids. The weak form is applicable to models where the fluid is described by Eulerian coordinates while the solid is described by Lagrangian coordinates, which suits their intrinsic characteristics. A unique feature of the method is the treatment of the fictitious fluid by a Lagrangian description, which simplifies the interface conditions. Methods for enforcing volumetric consistency between the fluid and solid and treating thin members are given. Although a compressible viscous fluid is considered here, the new developments can be applied to incompressible fluids.
A Review of: “Making Medicines – A Brief History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceuticals”

I have always been interested in the history of pharmacy and the origin of pharmaceuticals. Editor Stuart Anderson and all the contributing authors made ‘Making Medicines – A Brief History of Pharm...
Dynamic testing in wind tunnels using the wind-driven manipulator

The Wind-Driven Dynamic Manipulator is a robotic device which executes multidimensional maneuvers of aircraft models in a wind tunnel. Tunnel freestream kinetic energy is used to power the device. Transmission of reactions to the tunnel structure is thus minimized, and power requirements are negligible compared to conventional devices. Support interference can be minimized by using slender and flexible supports and correcting for deflection errors. The concept and results achieved with the device are summarized, and a new 3-degree of freedom device is described. Several example applications are described. Transient vortex interactions are visualized quantitatively in coupled pitch-yaw maneuvers. Dynamic stability parameters are measured using a second-order dynamic model of the system. An adaptive control algorithm improves trajectory tracking and enables new dynamic characteristics to be learned. WDM design parameters are discussed, and the performance equations of the device show maneuvering rates increasing faster than the reduced frequency as tunnel speed increases.
Retrieval of missing data for meta-analysis: a practical example.

The use of meta-analysis to review the scientific literature is now common across most fields of research. For example, a recent search of the Medline database for the year 2002 using “meta-analysis” as the keyword resulted in a total of 1,835 available citations (GAK, June 28, 2003). One of the primary goals of meta-analysis is to identify all studies, within the smallest margin of search error possible, that meet the meta-analyst's inclusion criteria on the topic of interest. However, a problem encountered by all meta-analysts is the absence of adequate data from eligible studies for the outcome of interest. For example, a recent meta-analysis on the effects of exercise on resting blood pressure in children and adolescents found that 34 percent of eligible studies in which resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure was assessed had necessary data that was not reported (i.e., missing). For example, the standard deviation of the outcome measure was neither reported nor could it be obtained (1). Because this may introduce a possible bias in the results (data retrieval bias), retrieving as much of this missing data as possible is important. While different statistical procedures for handling missing outcome data exist (replacement with the mean, multiple regression to predict missing values, etc.) all have weaknesses (5). Consequently, it would seem more appropriate to first try and retrieve the actual data from as many eligible studies as possible. Unfortunately, we are not aware of any research that has focused on both the methodology and success of the retrieval of outcome data for a summary meta-analysis. Given the importance of retrieving summary outcome data from study authors and the lack of research documenting methodology and success, the purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of retrieving missing outcome data using a specific example of a meta-analysis dealing with the effects of aerobic exercise on lipids and lipoproteins in adults.
Mechanical, Thermal, and Microstructural Properties of Neutron‐Irradiated SiC

The thermal and electrical conductivities, fracture strength, swelling, and microstructure of sintered alpha-phase SiC and siliconized reaction-bonded SiC materials were studied before and after irradiation with reactor neutrons. The effects of helium gas on the properties were studied using boron enriched in /sup 10/B to produce helium from /sup 10/B(n,..cap alpha..)/sup 7/Li. The decrease in thermal conductivity after irradiation is due to enhanced phonon scattering by radiation-induced defects. Electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties exhibit partial recovery after heat treatment to 1000 to 1500 K. An overall consistency is observed in radiation-produced property changes and annealing and a model is presented to explain the changes.
BRITISH EMPLOYEES: RESPONDING TO JAPANESE MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHIES

Japan's industrial success has opened new opportunities in the area of business research and has generated particular interest in ‘the Japanese way of doing things’. One specific area of concern has been that of job satisfaction and its relation to productive achievement. The study carried out in the United Kingdom involving one American, two ideally-matched Japanese subsidiaries and one British company, all involved in television manufacturing, refutes certain stereotypes about Japanese management. First, the study revealed that the two Japanese companies employed distinct personnel policies which were reflected in the differences in job satisfaction registered by their employees. Second, it showed that the paternalistic personnel policies instituted by one Japanese company were not preconditions for its high productive achievement but, selectively applied, generated appreciative feelings among its British work-force.
Hypnosis and distraction differ in their effects on cold pressor pain.

Abstract On the bases of Hilgard's neodissociation theory and Spano's (1982) socio-cognitive theory, volunteers stringently selected for high (N = 10) and low (N = 10) hypnotizability were exposed to a cold pressor pain test during counterbalanced conditions of waking relaxation, distraction, and hypnosis. To better discriminate between hypnosis and distraction conditions, a new distraction procedure was developed involving the memorization of a sequence of colored lights. High hypnotizables showed significantly greater pain relief for hypnosis versus distraction or waking relaxation conditions. High hypnotizables also demonstrated significantly greater pain relief than low hypnotizables in response to hypnosis. Quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) findings showed significantly greater high theta (5.5–7.5 Hz) activity for highs as compared to lows at parietal (P3) and occipital (01) sites during both hypnosis and waking relaxation conditions. The findings fail to support the socio-cognitive conceptu...
Long-term urological impact of fetal myelomeningocele closure.

Purpose: Between 1997 and 2002 a large number of fetal myelomeningocele closures were performed at our institution. Previously early reports showed little improvement in neonatal bladder function after fetal back closure. We evaluated the long-term urological impact of this procedure.Materials and Methods: Using a combination of retrospective review and survey questionnaire we reviewed the records of 28 patients in whom fetal myelomeningocele closure was done at our institution between 1997 and 2002. The areas addressed included medical management for neurogenic bladder and bowel, need for lower urinary tract reconstruction and functional bladder assessment by videourodynamics. Parameters after fetal myelomeningocele closure were compared to those of 33 age and sex matched patients with myelomeningocele who underwent standard postnatal closure.Results: We reviewed the records of 28 patients after fetal myelomeningocele closure. At a mean age of 9.6 years 23 used clean intermittent catheterization to manag...
Spatial Resolution of Defibrillator Electrograms to Detect Distinct Exit Sites of Scar‐Related Ventricular Tachycardia

Background Analysis of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator electrograms (IEGMs) with pacing along the scar edge is often used to approximate distinct exit sites of scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT). We evaluated the spatial resolution of IEGMs in identifying distinct exit sites of scar-related VT. Methods and Results Seventeen patients with scar-related VT were included. Threshold pacing (500-ms cycle length) was performed at sites spaced 10 mm apart along the scar border, as defined by high-density bipolar voltage mapping. Twelve-lead electrocardiogram and near-field and far-field IEGMs were recorded at each pacing site and assessed for morphology. The average scar size was 60 ± 30 cm2 and the scar border perimeter measured 28 ± 9 cm. A median of 18 pacing sites per patient were collected, spaced 14 ± 11 mm apart. The mean spatial resolution for the near-field, far-field, and combination of both was 82.7 ± 76 mm, 62.7 ± 53.6 mm, and 56.7 ± 50 mm (P for trend < 0.001). In all cases, IEGM analysis failed to identify distinct VT exit sites spaced <2 cm apart. Conclusions Analysis of IEGM morphology with pacing around the edge of the scar is unable to distinguish distinct VT exit sites spaced <2 cm apart, with an average spatial resolution of 5 cm. Given the wide range of values observed, detailed pace mapping over a perimeter of 10–15 cm along the scar edge appears crucial to define the boundaries of a linear ablation strategy to target the VT exit site based on IEGM pace match alone.
Recognition of the Hyaloperonospora parasitica effector ATR13 triggers resistance against oomycete, bacterial, and viral pathogens

Phytopathogenic oomycetes cause some of the most devastating diseases affecting agricultural crops. Hyaloperonospora parasitica is a native oomycete pathogen of Arabidopsis and is related to other oomycete phytopathogens that include several species of Phytophthora, including the causal agent of potato late blight. Recently, four oomycete effector genes have been isolated, and several oomycete genomes have been sequenced. We have developed an efficient and genetically amenable system to test putative effector genes using the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. The H. parasitica effector protein ATR13 was delivered via P. syringae by fusing the ATR13 gene with the avrRpm1 type three secretion signal peptide, a bacterial sequence that allows transfer of proteins into the host cell through the bacterial type III secretion system. We also inserted ATR13 into the genome of the turnip mosaic virus, a single-stranded RNA virus. Our results show that delivery of ATR13 via the bacterial or viral pathogen triggers defense responses in plants containing the cognate resistance protein RPP13Nd, which restricts proliferation of both pathogens. Hence, recognition of ATR13 by RPP13 initiates defense responses that are effective against oomycete, bacterial and viral pathogens, pointing to a common defense mechanism. We have characterized regions of the RPP13Nd resistance protein that are essential for effector recognition and/or downstream signaling, using transient coexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana.
IMPACTS OF COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS ON THE ATTRIBUTES OF PUBLIC EDUCATION

system within a community represents the combined POLICY DECISIONS MADE BYimpact of influence of taxpayers, teachers and admin- A SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORistrators. Local elementary and secondary schools I I cannot operate independently of desires and wishes of residents in the community. This study presents an . ][ .1 .,
A Climatological View of the Kuroshio/Oyashio System East of Japan*

Time-averaged structure of the Kuroshio/Oyashio system east of Japan was examined using historical hydrographic data. Unlike most of the earlier climatological analyses, the data were averaged along isopycnal rather than pressure surfaces in a 0.5 83 0.58 grid. As a result, most of the detailed phenomena associated with the narrow western boundary currents were revealed. Water from the Oyashio is seen to overshoot the zero zonally integrated wind-stress-curl line by more than 58, approaching as far south as 368‐388N at the western boundary. Water from the Kuroshio Extension, by contrast, tends to feed into the Oyashio Front in the interior ocean. This exchange of waters leads to a zero of zonally integrated (western boundary‐1808) meridional transport at about 448N, reasonably coinciding with the zero of zonally integrated wind stress curl in the western North Pacific. A well-defined double-front structure is seen at depths of the thermocline, but it does not appear to have a strong signature in the surface dynamic topography. Though always accompanied by strong temperature and salinity gradients, water density changes little across the Oyashio Front near the surface. Both the Kuroshio Extension and Oyashio Front have a significant deep component, but below 1000 m the former seems to be dominated by eddy features associated with the Kuroshio Extension recirculation gyre.
A Foreign Policy of Pragmatism: Cameroon's Relations with China

Based on extensive interviews in Cameroon and a variety of other primary and secondary sources this study examines the increasing significance of Cameroon’s relations with China. In 1971 Cameroon recognized the People’s Republic of China, and while relations developed slowly under Cameroon’s founding President Ahmadou Ahidjo, things accelerated during Paul Biya’s tenure as president. The study argues that China provides Cameroon with an alternative to former colonial western nations. In addition China’s aid to Cameroon comes with limited strings. While the relationship has enabled Cameroonians to own a variety of consumer goods, locally there is increasing resentment to excessive Chinese presence. This study is consistent with new direction of scholarship in Africa as more scholars are trying to understand China’s renewed interest in the continent. This topic is consistent with ASA’s Conference theme of “mobility, migration, and flows.”
Increasing Functional Communication in Non-Speaking Preschool Children: Comparison of PECS and VOCA

For individuals who have complex communication needs and for the interventionists who work with them, the collection of empirically derived data that support the use of an iliteruention approach is critical. The purposes of this study were to continue building an empirically derived base of support for, and to compare the relative effectiveness of two communication intervention strategies (i.e., PECS and the use of VOCA) with preschool children who have complex communication needs. Specific research questions were (a) Which communication strategy, PECS or VOCA, results in a more rapid rate of acquisition of requesting skills for preschool children?, and (b) To what extent do communication behaviors utilizing PECS and VOCA generalize from a pull-out setting to the classroom setting? Results are discussed and clinical implications given. According to Bedrosian (2003) only limited effective with children who were not diag research exists to establish the efficacy of in- nosed with autism but had similar complex terventions in the field of augmentative and communication needs. PECS consists of six alternative communication (AAC). For indi- training phases that begin with training a viduals who have complex communication child to exchange a picture for a tangible needs and for the interventionists who work positive reinforcer and then progressively with them, the collection of empirically de- move through requiring the child to travel rived data that support the use of an inter- some limited distance to get the picture to vention approach is critical. As Hegde exchange, to discriminate between two or (1993) indicates clinicians need procedures more pictures, to use a sentence strip begin
Locomotion in scombrid fishes: visualization of flow around the caudal peduncle and finlets of the chub mackerel Scomber japonicus

Scombrid fishes are known for high-performance locomotion; however, few data are available on scombrid locomotor hydrodynamics. In this paper, we present flow visualization data on patterns of water movement over the caudal peduncle and finlets (small fins on the dorsal and ventral body margin anterior to the caudal fin). Chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, ranging in fork length from 20 to 26 cm, swam steadily at 1.2forklengthss(-1) in a recirculating flow tank. Small, reflective particles in the flow tank were illuminated by a vertical (xy) or horizontal (xz) laser light sheet. Patterns of flow in the region near the caudal peduncle were measured using digital particle image velocimetry. Patterns of flow along the peduncle and finlets were quantified using manual particle tracking; more than 800 particles were tracked for at least 12ms over a series of tailbeats from each of four fish. In the vertical plane, flow trajectory and flow speed were independent of the position of the finlets, indicating that the finlets did not redirect flow or affect flow speed. Along, above and below the trailing surface of the peduncle, where the finlets were oriented along the peduncular surface, flow was convergent. Along, above and below the leading surface of the peduncle, where the finlets were absent, the flow trajectory was effectively horizontal. The lack of divergent flow on the leading surface of the peduncle is consistent with cross-peduncular flow formed by the lateral motion of the peduncle interacting with convergent flow resulting from forward movement of the body. In the horizontal plane, particles illuminated by the xz light sheet situated approximately 3 mm below the ventral body surface were tracked within the laser light sheet for up to 40ms, indicating strong planar flow. As the peduncle decelerates, the most posterior finlet is frequently at an angle of attack of at least 20 degrees to the incident flow, but this orientation does not result in thrust production from lift generation. Finlet 5 does redirect cross-peduncular flow and probably generates small vortices undetectable in this study. These data are the first direct demonstration that the finlets have a hydrodynamic effect on local flow during steady swimming.
The Future of Hispanics May Determine the Socioeconomic Future of the United States

Latino population growth will affect the socioeconomic future of the United States. Projections indicate that Hispanics will account for 71 % of 2010–2050 population growth in Texas and for 61 % of the Nation’s 2010–2060 growth. Due to historic, discriminatory, and other factors, Hispanics in Texas and the United States have household incomes that are only 60–75 % of, and poverty rates that are two to three times higher than those for non-Hispanic Whites. Analyses for Texas indicate that, without educational and related socioeconomic closure, the growth of Latino and other minority populations in Texas will decrease average annual household incomes by $ 7800 and increase poverty by 3.1 % from 2010 to 2050. However, if socioeconomic closure were to occur, mean annual household income in Texas would increase by $ 66,000 and poverty decrease by 6 % by 2050. Improving conditions for Latinos will create more prosperous and competitive conditions for states and the Nation.
Phylogenetic Relationships Among the Recognized Series in Iris Section Limniris

Abstract Phylogenetic relationships among the 16 series within Iris section Limniris were reconstructed based on chloroplast sequence data using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Section Limniris is polyphyletic as currently delineated because series Spuriae, Foetidissimae, Syriacae, Longipetalae, Vernae, Unguiculares, and some elements of Tenuifoliae are placed outside of the core group of Limniris species. The most inclusive monophyletic clade of Limniris species includes the series Californicae, Sibiricae, Laevigatae, Tripetalae, Prismaticae, Ensatae, Ruthenicae, Hexagonae, and Chinenses, and I. songarica. Within the core Limniris clade series Sibiricae, Tripetalae, and Chinenses are polyphyletic whereas Laevigatae is paraphyletic. With one exception, species within the core Limniris group are distributed in either Asia or North America, with a few Asian species extending into Europe and for the most widespread species, Iris pseudacorus (series Laevigatae), into northern Africa with na...
Discursive Events in the Electronic Archive of Postmodern and Contemporary Poetry

T     K , from Samuel Beckett’s  one-act play, Krapp’s Last Tape, which features one actor and “a tape-recorder with microphone and a number of cardboard boxes containing reels of recorded tapes” ().  e following is David Antin writing, in a  book of, as he calls them, talk poems.  is excerpt is from the introduction to the published rendition of Antin’s talk-poem entitled “whos listening out there.” Italicizing introductory materials is a publishing convention of drama that the Beckett play and the Antin talk-poem both follow.
The Community Organisers Programme in England

ABSTRACTCommunity-based initiatives for meeting social need and promoting social change are widespread and expanding throughout the globe. Part of conservative Prime Minister David Cameron’s Big Society alternative to the Big State is the Community Organiser Programme (COP). Begun in 2011 the COP met goals to hire and train 500 “senior” community organizers and educate and engage 4500 volunteers in community organizing basics by 2015. Obvious contradictions and limits about its neoliberal underpinnings, theory of change, and selected organizing models notwithstanding, COP is one of the boldest initiatives in the field in a generation, not the least because it is funded by the national government. Its innovativeness is especially evident in comparison to efforts in the US, where community organizing is heavily reliant on charitable donations and where, in our contemporary political economy, public-funded hiring and training of community organizers is unheard.
The black lector and Martín Morúa Delgado’s Sofía (1891) and La familia Unzúazu (1901)

This article offers a corrective to a prominent scholarly misreading of Martin Morua Delgado’s (1856–1910) two novels, Sofia (1891) and La familia Unzuazu (1901). Taking into account Morua’s nearly 10-year exile in the United States and recovering him for Latina/o studies allows readers to finally uncover the revolutionary nature of Morua’s fiction: he did not wish to educate white readers through his novels, but to empower and politicize black lectores. Specifically, Morua warned black Cubans that it was no longer colonial racism that they needed to combat; now, they would also have to battle a US conception of race.
Multiquantum Vibrational Deactivation of N2+(v) by Collisions with N2 and O2 at Thermal Energies

Vibrational deactivation and charge transfer in the collisions of N2+(v = 0−4) with N2 and O2 are studied at thermal energies. State-specific rate constants for the individual components of charge transfer and vibrational deactivation are determined using the selected-ion flow tube, laser-induced fluorescence technique. The 15N2+(v = 0) + 14N2 reaction proceeds via symmetric charge transfer at one-half the Langevin rate constant (0.5kL), indicating efficient charge equilibration, whereas the total removal rates of v = 1−4 (∼6 × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1) exceed 0.5kL. This indicates that vibrational transfer, in addition to charge equilibration, contributes to the removal of N2+(v > 0) by collisions with N2. The N2+(v) + O2 removal rates are significantly enhanced upon vibrational excitation; the total rate constant for v = 4 is 3.0 × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, six times larger than that for v = 0. The enhancement is shown to be primarily due to increased vibrational deactivation, although a small enhanceme...
Medical and health institutions disinfection quality monitoring results

Objective:Discusses the quality monitoring work in preventive disinfection of hospital infection and iatrogenic infection,for the work of hospital infection and iatrogenic infection prevention work provided scientific basis.Methods:Through medical and health institutions at various levels of Changping 2007-2009 disinfection quality monitoring results were analyzed retrospectively,understand the medical and health institutions in disinfection work problems.Results:2007-2009 3869 samples were collected,3547 were qualified and qualitied rate 91.68%;Among the highest rate in 2008,2009 minimum for 92.82%,89.92%.Among three years,the qualified rate of sampling compared,the difference was statistically significant χ2=9.43(P0.01),in various samples from high to low rate of sewage,respectively(100%) for various surfaces(96.89%),pressure sterilization(96.23%),disinfectants,(95.29%) medical personnel 92.74%),hand(minimum for indoor air rate of 69.05%.Different samples(excluding sewage) compared to pass a statistically significant difference(χ2 = 528.58,P0.005).Conclusion:Medical institutions disinfection job quality monitoring work for effective prevention of hospital infection and iatrogenic infection has important guiding significance for further,But further strengthen and perfect.
Obesity and Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer has few known risk factors, providing little in the way of prevention, and is the most rapidly fatal cancer with 7 % survival rate at 5 years. Obesity has surfaced as an important risk factor for pancreatic cancer as epidemiological studies with strong methodological designs have removed important biases and solidified the obesity associations. Moreover, studies indicate that obesity early in adulthood is strongly associated with future risk of pancreatic cancer and that abdominal obesity is an independent risk factor. There is increasing evidence suggesting long-standing diabetes type 2 and insulin resistance are important etiological factors of this disease, providing a strong mechanistic link to obesity. The challenge remains to determine whether intended weight loss in midlife will reduce risk of pancreatic cancer and to elucidate the complex underlying pathways directly involved with risk.
General Cloud Security Recommendations

This short chapter introduces a general list of recommendations for enhancing cloud security.
Validation of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance QTL in US Winter Wheat

Fusarium head blight (FHB), primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [telemorph: Gibberella zeae Schw. (Petch)], can significantly reduce the grain quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) due to mycotoxin contamination. Two US soft red winter wheat cultivars, Bess and NC-Neuse, have moderate resistance to FHB. The objective of this study was to validate genomic regions associated with FHB resistance identified in previous studies involving NC-Neuse and the cultivar Truman, a full-sib of Bess. A total of 98 doubled haploid lines derived from the cross Bess × NC-Neuse were evaluated in inoculated, mist-irrigated field nurseries. The lines were evaluated for FHB incidence, severity, Fusarium-damaged kernels, and deoxynivalenol content in seven environments between 2011 and 2014. A 3338-cM linkage map was developed based on 4014 simple sequence repeat and single nucleotide polymorphism markers. Twelve quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with FHB resistance were identified. NC-Neuse alleles provided resistance at QTL on five chromosomes and Bess alleles provided resistance at QTL on five other chromosomes. Alignment of linkage maps revealed that five of these QTL were overlapping with previously identified regions. Quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 1A, 4A, and 6A identified in this study overlapped with QTL regions identified in NC-Neuse, and QTL identified on chromosomes 2B and 3B overlapped with QTL regions identified in Truman. A preliminary test using Kompetitive Allele-Specific polymerase chain reaction assays on recent Uniform Southern Winter Wheat Scab Nursery entries showed that the assays developed for Qfhb.nc-2B.1 may be good candidates for use in marker-assisted selection.
Reply to Cameron et al.: Mistakes Were Made. Can They Be Corrected?

ABSTRACTCameron, Cameron, and Proctor (2017) have complained that Cameron and Cameron (1996) were not cited in some articles authored by this journal’s editor. As part of this editor’s policy of welcoming critiques of the editor or articles published in Marriage & Family Review, we are pleased to respond, as part of an assignment for a graduate course in statistics and research design. Although remarkable for its time in terms of sample design, Cameron and Cameron’s (1996) research featured substantial limitations or ambiguity in sampling attrition, measurement of parental sexual orientation, and small sample size with respect to the number of children with same-sex parents. Although we cannot recall the exact reasons for which the editor neglected to cite Cameron and Cameron (1996) in more frequency or detail, there were many scientifically reasonable possibilities. Cameron et al. (2017) are welcome to respond in detail to our concerns.
Commuting to Work

An underwater microbial mat has been found in fairly shallow waters off the coast of Chile and, according to headlines, it’s the size of Greece, or about 132,000 km2 (or for us norteamericanos, about the size of Alabama). These communities of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria have been known for some time, but their attention has been highlighted by the recent version of the Census of Marine Life. In fact, they were discovered in 1963 by the oceanographer and microbiologist Victor Gallardo of Chile’s University of Concepcion. Scientists may not have known much about these huge mats much earlier on, but the local fishermen sure did and called them estopa, Spanish for burlap or unwashed wool or flax. Aficionados of the giant sulfide-oxidizing bacterium Thiomargarita namibiensis and other bacterial gargantuas likely include Thioploca, the occupants of these mats, in their catalog of microbial marvels. This is a genus of gliding, filamentous bacteria that live in aquatic sediments where they face the same problem as Thiomargarita, namely, how to hook up their fuel (sulfides) with their final electron acceptors (nitrates). (For details of their metabolism, see a recent paper [1.usa.gov/1RAhxrq].)
The 1937 Allport and Stagner Texts in Personality Psychology

In August 1937, Gordon W. Allport and Ross Stagner completed and dated the prefaces to their distinctive new textbooks. Allport’s textbook was entitled Personality: A Psychological Interpretation and was published by Henry Holt in New York, with a later English edition by Constable & Company issued in London in 1949. Stagner’s textbook was entitled Psychology of Personality and was published in New York and London by McGraw-Hill. In 1961, Allport prepared a revision that preserved the overall structure of his 1937 volume but with major rewriting and a new title: Pattern and Growth in Personality. Stagner’s textbook continued steadily through four editions (1937, 1948, 1961, 1974) with substantial revisions, especially between the first and second editions.
Low-complexity ramp metering for freeway congestion control via network utility maximization

In this paper, we present a novel framework for freeway ramp metering that is based on maximizing the aggregate utility of onramp flows. We show how solving the dual problem of maximizing the network utility via a gradient projection algorithm synthesizes a low-complexity control law that is simple enough to be implemented on real platforms, while being robust to measurement noises. Our control algorithm can be partially distributed at each time step, every onramp selects a traffic flow to maximize its own benefit, and the network adjusts unit traffic flow prices for different onramps. We provide theoretical guarantees on the convergence of our algorithm under mild technical assumptions. We further demonstrate the practicality of our method in an example where the state of the art controls fail (due to infeasibility) and introduce multiple interesting future directions.
Review: The Destruction of Memory, directed by Tim Slade

Tim Slade, director The Destruction of Memory Icarus Films, New York, 2017, 85 min., http://icarusfilms.com/if-destr The 2017 documentary The Destruction of Memory , based on a book of the same title by architecture critic Robert Bevan, traces the history of the purposeful destruction of architecture, urban infrastructure, and monuments over the course of the twentieth century and into the early 2000s, through conflicts primarily in the Middle East and Europe.1 The film is a feat of archival research, pulling together footage from a number of events from the late nineteenth century forward. Its agenda is simple: to reveal that architecture and other cultural artifacts are frequently strategic targets of war and that their destruction is often more than mere collateral damage. Through interviews with a wide-ranging group of experts in the international arena—lawyers, preservation officers, historians, politicians, and architects—supported by archival photographs and footage, Tim Slade, the film's writer and director, tells a vivid and absorbing story of the deliberate destruction of cultural monuments and the emergence of legal frameworks and institutions designed to protect them. The creation and enforcement of those laws has been and remains the responsibility of a host of largely anonymous bureaucrats. To lay the groundwork, the film opens with perhaps the best known of these, Raphael Lemkin (1900–1959), a Polish lawyer who is widely credited with coining the term genocide . The film's argument takes as its starting point Lemkin's assertion of a distinction between two forms of genocide: physical and cultural. After experiencing the atrocities of World War I as a child in his native Poland, Lemkin conceived and advocated for legislation and policy to recognize and deal with the perpetrators of mass destruction. Following the war, the Commission on the Responsibility of the Authors of the War and on Enforcement of Penalties was created by the Allies to enumerate a list of war crimes, determine breaches of …
Functional Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome: A Review of Diagnosis and Management

Background Functional popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (FPAES) results from hypertrophied gastrocnemius, soleus, and/or plantaris muscles, without an identifiable anatomic abnormality. Historically, FPAES has been managed with surgical myotomy or myomectomy. Herein, we review the literature to evaluate the results of surgery along with a newer treatment (botulinum toxin A injection) for this rare form of claudication. Methods A literature search in PubMed, Cochrane, and Ovid for studies reporting incidence and management of FPAES yielded 3391 publications; 2804 articles were excluded based on initially established exclusion criteria. Ultimately, data were extracted from six articles, from which the number of patients, demographic information, preoperative workup, surgical treatment details, follow-up imaging, and results of treatment were obtained. Results A total of 133 patients were studied. Mean age was 26 years; 57% were female, and noninvasive testing revealed bilateral findings in 39%. Treatment involved surgical myotomy/myomectomy (98; five studies) and botulinum toxin injection (35; two studies). Adjunctive vascular reconstruction was performed in eight of the surgical cases. Patients with FPAES who underwent surgical management were evaluated subjectively for symptomatic improvement, and some patients had duplex ultrasounds in follow-up averaging 25.6 months. Three of 98 patients (3%) had recurrent symptoms, and seven (7%) underwent revision surgical procedures. Complications in the surgical management group included seroma/hematoma (4%, 4/98) and infection (2%, 2/98). For the botulinum toxin treatment group, improvement of symptoms was achieved in 66% of patients at an average follow-up time of ten months. Most patients treated with botulinum toxin did not undergo imaging in follow-up. No complications were reported. Conclusions This review suggests FPAES may be treated successfully with surgical myotomy/myomectomy plus adjunctive vascular reconstruction if necessary. Botulinum toxin A injection may be useful as a diagnostic and therapeutic measure for FPAES.
A tough and sustainable fiber-forming material from lignin and waste poly(ethylene terephthalate)

In this report we describe repurposing of recycled polyesters as a matrix for lignin-a biorefinery coproduct that is used as a solid fuel and needs to find higher value-to make sustainable high-performance thermoplastic materials. Brittle lignin oligomers, isolated from plant biomass, require a low-melting host polymer matrix to form a rigid and tough renewable material. We demonstrate controlled lignin dispersion and interfacial interactions in softened recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using a simple solvent-free, melt-blending technique. To avoid lignin degradation and devolatilization during melt processing, it was thermally treated. Tall oil fatty acid was used to enable PET processability at low enough temperature to accommodate lignin without charring. Chemical analysis reveals reduction of aliphatic hydroxyl content from 2 mmol g−1 to 1.63 mmol g−1 and an increase of total phenolic hydroxyl moieties from 5.86 to 6.64 mmol g−1 and cleavage of β-O-4 ether linkages due to thermal treatment. Structural transformation of lignin macromolecules during heat treatment was further confirmed by an increase in molar mass and improved thermal stability. Interfacial interactions between lignin and PET were assessed from mechanical properties and thermal analyses. Thermal treatment not only helps to improve the stability of lignin but also slightly reduces the size of the dispersed lignin domains via favored interfacial interactions with the PET matrix. These methods improve mechanical properties of the material. Further, incorporation of lignin in the plasticized PET matrix increases the ductility in the blended products. The method we discuss here utilizes industrial wastes and co-products, and it does not require solvent or toxic chemicals during the reactive extrusion process that yields complete conversion to products.
Marginalisation or legitimation? Mainstream party positioning on immigration and support for radical right parties

Does mainstream party positioning contribute to marginalising or legitimising niche party positions? This article argues that voter perceptions of the legitimacy and credibility of niche party posi...
Chapter 23 – Biology of the Extracellular Ca2+-Sensing Receptor

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the biology of extracellular Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaR). Complex, free-living terrestrial organisms, such as humans, maintain their level of extracellular ionized calcium (Ca02+) within a narrow range of about 1.1–1.3 mM. This near constancy of Ca2+ ensures that Ca02+ ions are available for their extracellular roles, including serving as a cofactor for clotting factors, adhesion molecules, and other proteins and controlling neuronal excitability. The level of Cao2 + is maintained by a homeostatic mechanism in mammals that comprises the parathyroid glands, calcitonin (CT)-secreting C cells, kidney, bone, and intestine. A key element of this system are cells that are capable of sensing small deviations in Ca02+ from its usual level and responding in ways that normalize it. Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaR) binds not only Ca2+, but also additional ligands, including amino acids. The CaR resides on the cell surface primarily in the form of a dimer, and disulfide bonds within their ECDs that involve the cysteines at amino acid positions 129 and 131 link CaR monomers within the dimeric receptor. Activation of the CaR by its agonists stimulates the activities of phospholipases C, A2 (PLA2), and D (PLD) in bovine parathyroid cells and in HEK293 cells stably transfected with the human CaR. In most cells, CaR-evoked activation of PLC involves the participation of the pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein(s), Gq/ll. The CaR, directly or indirectly, tonically inhibits the proliferation of parathyroid cells, as persons homozygous for inactivating mutations of the CaR, or mice homozygous for “knockout” of the CaR gene exhibit marked parathyroid cellular hyperplasia.
Communication: Relaxation-limited electronic currents in extended reservoir simulations

Open-system approaches are gaining traction in the simulation of charge transport in nanoscale and molecular electronic devices. In particular, “extended reservoir” simulations, where explicit reservoir degrees of freedom are present, allow for the computation of both real-time and steady-state properties but require relaxation of the extended reservoirs. The strength of this relaxation, γ, influences the conductance, giving rise to a “turnover” behavior analogous to Kramers turnover in chemical reaction rates. We derive explicit, general expressions for the weak and strong relaxation limits. For weak relaxation, the conductance increases linearly with γ and every electronic state of the total explicit system contributes to the electronic current according to its “reduced” weight in the two extended reservoir regions. Essentially, this represents two conductors in series—one at each interface with the implicit reservoirs that provide the relaxation. For strong relaxation, a “dual” expression-one with the ...
Random field models for spatial smoothing of airborne lidar transect data

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a form of remote sensing that utilizes laser scanners to produce a 3D point cloud of an environment by recording the number of laser pulse returns and measuring the backscattered energy as a function of time. LiDAR transect data were collected over the Monterey Peninsula and the Point Lobos Reserve. An experiment was conducted in the creation of a transect, a very high point density profile, by restricting the scan mirror with the initial goal of better understanding foliage penetration by LiDAR. Because of the high point density of the transect, the data were binned to create synthetic waveforms and to help reduce redundant points. However, the binning introduces sharpness in the data that distorts the typical wave shape in the synthetic transforms. A Bayesian Markov random field model captures the structure in the dataset and helps to offset the sharpness introduced during the binning. After fitting a Markov random field model using Markov chain Monte Carlo, classification methods were applied to distinguish objects in the landscape. These techniques should extend to true waveform data.
Mutual Fund Investment Performance

A pooled cross-section/time series analysis is used to assess the long-run relationship between risk-adjusted performance of equity mutual funds and asset size, expense ratios, portfolio turnover, and load/no-load status. The data base consists of investment results of 151 equity mutual funds in continual operation over the 20-year period from 1971 to 1990. Variations of the cross-section/time series model are employed to explore the interactions among the nature of the funds (load or no-load) with asset size and expense ratio. Investment performance is not related to asset size, turnover rate, or load/no-load status, and higher expenses are associated with higher returns. The particular goal of a fund (maximum capital gains, growth, or growth and income) does not influence mutual fund performance.