cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chylothorax: a rare complication of tube thoracostomy.

Abstract Background: Chylothorax resulting from chest tube injury to the thoracic duct is very rare and underreported. Objective: The purpose of this case report is to exemplify this rare but potentially significant complication of chest tube thoracostomy. Case Report: An 86-year-old woman presented with sepsis and a massive right pleural effusion; she developed a chylous effusion with the pleural fluid triglyceride level of 158 mg/dL 2 days after a traumatic chest tube insertion. All investigations excluded common causes of non-traumatic chylothorax. The chylothorax improved after fasting and implementation of a medium-chain triglyceride diet. Conclusion: The optimal depth of insertion of the chest tube typically ranges from 5 to 15 cm, ensuring all sideports are within the chest and the proximal port is at least 2 cm beyond the rib margin. Traumatic chylothorax secondary to chest tube insertion should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with chylothorax after a thoracostomy tube.
Micromachined rectangular-coaxial transmission lines

Rectangular-coaxial (recta-coax) transmission lines fabricated through a three-dimensional micromachining process are presented. These lines are shown to have significant advantages over competing integrated transmission lines such as microstrip and coplanar waveguides. Design equations are presented for impedance, loss, and frequency range. The equations are confirmed with simulations and measurements. The quality factor of shorted lambda/4 resonators is measured to be 156 at 60 GHz. This corresponds to a line loss of 0.353 dB/cm. Advantages of these lines for passive millimeter-wave circuits including ease of signal routing, high isolation, and signal crossovers are demonstrated with realized lines and couplers
The Organization of African Unity and the Algerian-Moroccan Border Conflict: A Study of New Machinery for Peacekeeping and for the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes Among African States

The Algerian-Moroccan border conflict provided the Organization of African Unity (OAU) with the first test of its machinery and procedures for peacekeeping and for the peaceful settlement of disputes. The following examination of that dispute and of its treatment by the Organization of African Unity is a case study of the operation of a newly founded regional organization. The Organization of African Unity was endowed with no supranational powers which might have enabled it to enforce its will on the disputants in the Algerian-Moroccan case. The Organization had to function on the basis of cooperation among its members. Yet the Organization of African Unity was more than the mere instrument of the foreign policies of its members in the Algerian-Moroccan case. When individual African statesmen were disqualified from acting as mediators by their respective preferences for one or the other of the disputants, the existence of an organization representing all of Africa greatly assisted in the mitigation of the conflict and contributed much to the peace of Africa.
Novel adaptive master-slave method for interleaved boundary conduction mode (BCM) PFC converters

This paper proposes a novel adaptive master-slave interleaving method for boundary conduction mode (BCM) PFC converters. The natural period of every switching cycle of each channel is measured and compared to adaptively determine the master converter. The proposed method guarantees stable interleaving operation in any transient. The proposed method has been implemented and tested on a 400W interleaved BCM boost PFC prototype converter with a dedicated control IC.
An optical filter based on carrier nonlinearities for optical RF channelizing and spectrum analysis

We experimentally demonstrate filtering based on the finite time response of the interband carrier nonlinearities in a direct bandgap semiconductor. The filter is implemented in a mixed strain polarization insensitive multiple-quantum-well, broad-area semiconductor amplifier. The key to the filter implementation is the separation of a four-wave mixing generated sideband from the linearly amplified inputs based on spatial filtering. Both spectrum analysis and channelizing of RF modulated optical carriers are demonstrated.
A 4D imaging tool for Lagrangian particle tracking in stirred tanks

A time-resolved volumetric 3D particle tracking tool is presented for mixing in stirred tanks studies and its capabilities are explored in a low Reynolds number custom-made stirred tank. The technique provides a Lagrangian description of particles in the flow resolving their 3D trajectories, velocities, and acceleration. The optimization of the system allowed, for the first time, tracking ∼400 particles at a time in an imaged volume (60 mm × 60 mm × 50 mm) in the stirred tank. The system was validated in a 1-D piston-driven flow and by comparing the measurements with a 2D-particle image velocimetry system in a stirred tank. Results show the advantages of this technique to understand particle dynamics. Sample measurements illustrated that small changes in the stirrer configuration produced an unexpected variety of particle trajectories which were classified according to their path shape and location. Particle velocities and Lagrangian accelerations provided new insights into their mixing process. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
SONG AND MOLECULAR DATA IDENTIFY CONGRUENT BUT NOVEL AFFINITIES OF THE GREEN OROPENDOLA (PSAROCOLIUS VIRIDIS)

Abstract The accuracy with which avian song features indicate phylogenetic relationships has rarely been investigated. In a previous study of vocal evolution in oropendolas (Price and Lanyon 2002a), we estimated the phylogenetic position of the Green Oropendola (Psarocolius viridis) using characters derived from oropendolas' elaborate courtship songs. Here, we test that estimate using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. The position of the Green Oropendola determined from molecular data is remarkably close to that based solely on song characters; both data sets support a close relationship between P. viridis and members of the genus Gymnostinops. Numerous morphological differences yet low genetic divergence among the species in question suggest that rapid diversification has occurred in the group. The fact that this position has not been proposed previously for P. viridis underscores the effectiveness of song characters for phylogenetic reconstruction.
The College Recreational Sports Learning Environment

To show the need for continued financial support, align with universities’ missions of student learning, and improve the lives of participants, college recreational sport (CRS) professionals must demonstrate that CRS programs, facilities, and services cause growth in student learning. This study measured sport club out-ofclassroom learning in an effort to begin measuring the impact of all CRS areas on student learning. It was hypothesized that sport club participants make gains in life skills, diversity, social interactions, communication, character, leadership, and self-beliefs as a result of their participation. A proxy-pretest posttest design administered to sport club participants measured this hypothesis. Significance testing showed significant differences between participants’ ratings of their skills and abilities before and after participation. The implications of these findings for the justification and expansion of CRS funding, the future measurement of learning outcomes in CRS, and the alignment...
A functional analysis of distal biceps tendon repair: single-incision Endobutton technique vs. two-incision modified Boyd–Anderson technique

AbstractIntroduction: The optimal surgical technique for a distal biceps tendon rupture repair still remains controversial. Current biomechanical evidence shows Endobutton fixation to have the highest load-to-failure testing, but clinical results of this are limited. The purpose of this study was to compare patient-oriented functional outcome between a modified Boyd–Anderson two-incision technique and repair with a single-incision Endobutton technique. Methods: All patients who underwent distal biceps tendon repair with a two-incision or Endobutton technique between 2000 and 2010 with two-year follow-up at our institution were identified. Their clinical, operative, and follow-up data was collected and analyzed. The primary outcome was a patient-oriented functional outcome measure (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand: DASH). Secondary outcomes were evaluated using a subjective questionnaire. Results: Thirty-three patients were repaired with the two-incision technique and twenty-five patients had a ...
Cancer Incidence and Mortality

Cancer is a vital health issue in Texas. Thousands of Texas residents are affected by cancer each year, and cancer is the second leading cause of death in the state and in the nation, accounting for one of every four deaths. More than 1.6 million Americans are expected to be diagnosed with cancer and more than 577,000 Americans are expected to die from cancer-related causes in 2012 [1]. In Texas, more than 110,000 residents are expected to be diagnosed with cancer in 2012, and more than 39,000 cancer-related deaths are expected [2].
Are Graphic Cigarette Warning Labels an Effective Message Strategy? A Test of Psychological Reactance Theory and Source Appraisal

The purpose of this study is to examine psychological reactance in response to graphic cigarette warning labels and to strengthen and expand on the current literature by using validated measures. Young adults (N = 435) were randomly assigned to a cigarette package featuring a graphic image or a package featuring no image. Utilizing both structural equation modeling and multivariate analyses, the results indicate that graphic warning labels are associated with freedom threat perceptions directly and reactance indirectly. In addition, exposure to graphic cigarette warning labels resulted in higher freedom threat perceptions, negative cognitions, and source domineeringness. Our results are considered with an emphasis on the theoretical and practical implications for policy makers.
[Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of cancers: a cohort study].

Objective To understand the association between type 2 diabetes and the risk of cancers. Methods Data related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) cases and cancer cases were collected from Zhejiang Chronic Disease Surveillance Information and Management System (CDSIMS) , between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2013. Cumulative incidence and relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results From 2007 to 2013, a total of 327 268 T2DM and 7 435 cancer cases were respectively reported and 778 439 person-years completed the followed-up program. Among the T2DM patients, incidence of cancers was 955.12 per 100 000, with standardized incidence as 458.05 per 100 000. Compared with people without T2DM, the risk of cancer incidence increased in T2DM patients (RR=1.68, 95%CI: 1.68-1.70). Risk appeared the highest in 20-39 year age group but decreased when the increase of age. In addition, the increased risk was still significant in T2DM patients aged ≥60 years (RR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.18-1.25). Conclusion Results from the study suggested that T2DM was associated with the increased risk of cancers, statistically. Key words: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Cancer; Onset risk; Cohort study
Childhood obesity and the anaesthetist

† Worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980. † In 2008, 1.5 billion adults were overweight. Of these over 200 million men and nearly 300 million women were classified as obese. † Nearly 43 million children under the age of five were overweight in 2010. † 65% of the world’s population live in countries where being overweight kills more people than being underweight. † In the UK 66% of the adult population are overweight or obese. † Obesity is preventable.
Precipitation of rutile and ilmenite needles in garnet: Implications for extreme metamorphic conditions in the Acadian Orogen, U.S.A.

We report the discovery of oriented needles of rutile and ilmenite in garnet crystals from granulite facies metapelitic rocks of the Merrimack synclinorium, Connecticut, and present a precipitation model for their origin. The rocks were strongly metamorphosed and deformed during the Devonian Acadian orogeny. The needles are primarily elongated parallel to in garnet. Rutile has anomalous extinction angles as great as ~35° (cf. Griffin et al. 1971). Rutile and ilmenite needles are typically a few hundred nanometers to several micrometers in diameter and are several tens of micrometers to nearly a millimeter long. Other oxide inclusions that may be present include submicrometer- to micrometer-scale twinned rutile bicrystals, as well as srilankite and a crichtonite group mineral. Some garnet cores have unusual, box-shaped quartz inclusions, which coexist with Ti±Fe oxide needles and commonly contain micrometer-scale rods of F-OH-Cl apatite. Negative garnet crystal “pores” are also widespread. Ti±Fe oxide needles are restricted to garnet core regions; rims have a distinctly different inclusion population dominated by granulite facies minerals including sillimanite, spinel, cordierite, and K-feldspar. Consequently, the garnet core regions represent an earlier, distinct period of growth relative to the rims. Garnet cores contain ~25–35% pyrope, and a host of minor and trace constituents including TiO2 (0.07–0.6 wt%), Cr2O3 (0.01–0.10 wt%), Na2O (0.01–0.03 wt%), P2O5 (0.01–0.09 wt%), and ZrO2 (up to ~150 ppm). Na2O and ZrO2 correlate positively with TiO2. Titanium zoning is preserved in some garnets; zoning profiles and two-dimensional chemical mapping show that Ti and, to a lesser degree, Cr are depleted around Ti±Fe oxide inclusions. Therefore, we conclude that the needles are precipitates that formed from Ti-bearing garnet during exhumation and cooling. Garnet contained sufficient Ti to form precipitates; no Ti source external to garnet was necessary. Titanium-bearing garnets that contain oriented Ti±Fe oxide needles are known primarily from ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks, mantle peridotites and pyroxenites, and high-pressure granulites. Thus, the presence of needle-bearing garnets in Connecticut strongly suggests that a previously unrecognized domain of extreme pressure and/or temperature metamorphism exists in the Acadian orogen.
Feeding, Development, and Reproduction of Geocoris punctipes (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) on Eight Diets

Host suitability studies indicate that insect eggs are preferred by Geocoris punctipes (Say) over live or dead insects and, in general, inactive prey are more suitable than active prey. Potato tubermoth larvae, Phthorimaca operculella (Zeller), and green beans; tubermoth eggs; tubermoth eggs and green beans; and eggs of Lygus hespcrus Knight in green beans were suitable diets for G. punctipes . Two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae Koch, and green beans; pea aphids, Acrythosiphon pisum (Harris); pea aphids and green beans; and nymphs of L. hesperus and green beans were unsuitable diets.
Polymer Chain Dynamics in Intercalated Poly(ε-caprolactone)/Nanoplatelet Blends

The dynamics of poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) blends with small amounts of Cloisite 30B nanoplatelets were investigated via broadband dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The terminal relaxation, or normal mode of PCL, was found to be strongly influenced by the presence of the nanoplatelets, exhibiting a relaxation from PCL chains within the Cloisite platelets as well as a bulk-like relaxation. These results, as well as X-ray scattering and rheological results from the literature, help to form a clearer picture of how the structure and dynamics relate to the bulk physical properties in these systems. Cloisite was observed to have minimal impact on both the glassy state dynamics as well as the segmental dynamics, due to the relatively weak interactions between the polymer and the platelets.
Recasting Florida's insanity defense. Two modest proposals.

Three states have established psychiatric security review boards mandated to primarily provide protection from the potentially destructive behavior of insanity acquitees. Each year in Florida there are 100 of these patients; 5% have been involved in capital offenses. These boards, as compared with the extant judiciary system, are more effective and parsimonious and serve the end of primary prevention. It is recommended that the plea, "not guilty by reason of insanity," be changed to "guilty but insane." The change is largely semantic but should result in greater prosecutorial and public acceptance of the insanity plea and be more in keeping with individual freedom for patients as provided under the Constitution. Language: en
Utility of Depression Screening Among Pregnant Women in Qatar

Major depression during pregnancy is associated with significant morbidity for the mother and her offspring, so screening for depression is recommended during pregnancy. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is widely use for screening during pregnancy, but has not been evaluated for this use in any Gulf Arab countries. We administered the EPDS to a multiethnic group of 768 women who were 8-16 weeks pregnant, and attending prenatal clinics in Doha, Qatar. The EPDS was administered in Arabic, English or Urdu, and the MINI diagnostic interview was administered in the same language to all subjects at the same time to determine DSM-V diagnoses. Women who had major depression at conception were excluded from the study. The EPDS was also administered to subjects again in the second and third trimester, but the MINI diagnostic interview was administered selectively, to all women scoring over 9 on the EPDS. The mean EPDS scores decreased from first to second trimester and were similar to studies of pregnant women from other countries. Rates of major depression were 9.4% in the first trimester, 3.6% in the second trimester and 2.5% in the third trimester, with a combined prevalence during pregnancy of 14.3% for major and 13.3% for minor depression. In our sample, among women with an EPDS score of 12 or greater only 8% had major depression in the first trimester, but 34% had major depression in the second and third trimesters. Urdu speaking women had lower EPDS scores in the first and second trimesters but similar rates of major depression compared to Arabic and English speaking women, suggesting that Urdu speakers may be less likely to endorse depression symptoms on the EPDS. In summary, screening for depression using the EPDS with follow up clinical interviews is likely to be very low yield in the first trimester. However, despite low rates of major depression in the second and third trimesters, high scores on the EPDS do identify a group a women with high risk of major depression, who would benefit from a clinical evaluation and treatment if major depression is confirmed.
A Contextual Examination of High-Quality K-12 Service-Learning Projects

In the service-learning literature, there is limited significant evidence for understanding and describing the context of high-quality service-learning programs. For instance, only four of the eight K-12 Service-Learning Standards of Quality Practice developed by the National Youth Leadership Council have adequate research to support the relationship between the standard and its impact. This qualitative study was conducted to describe the service-learning process in high-performing programs. Using a grounded theory approach, the researchers conducted structured interviews with nine service-learning project organizers to generate a model of an award-winning service-learning experience. From the data, a set of diverse and complex service-learning themes emerged that exceeded the Standards for Quality Practice. Most prominent among the analysis results were the themes of temporal influences, human capital contributions, locus of support, relationship to topic, and the development of a culture of service-learning. Temporal influences related to the time needed for students to understand and fully engage in the service-learning cycle. Human capital contributions included the skills and extraneous factors that participants brought to the project. Locus of support encompassed all the areas of support within the project. The participants’ relationship to the project contributed to project success, buy-in, and continued engagement. The culture of support set the tone and expectations of the project. Overall, the study findings suggest that high-quality service-learning programs evolve over time and that the human element and social context of a service-learning project help to create a highly powerful setting, acting in concert with and going beyond quality standards. The article also identifies specific limitations of the study, as well as directions for future research.
Location is everything: The role of splenic flexure mobilization during colon resection for diverticulitis

Abstract Introduction Routine splenic flexure mobilization (SFM) has been previously recommended to ensure an adequate length for a tension free anastomosis during resection for diverticulitis. We sought to evaluate the role of selective SFM for diverticulitis, and its impact on outcomes. Materials and methods Retrospective review of elective colectomies at a tertiary care center (2007–2015) for left-sided diverticulitis were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Demographics and perioperative characteristics were compared; and 30-day risk-adjusted outcomes were assessed. Results We identified 208 sigmoid/left colectomy cases. A laparoscopic approach predominated (71%), and SFM was performed in 54% of cases (n = 113). Demographics and comorbidities were similar. Median operative time was greater in the SFM group [226; interquartile range (IQR): (190–267) minutes] compared to no mobilization [180; IQR: (153–209) minutes] (p Conclusion Splenic flexure mobilization was performed selectively in half of colectomies evaluated. This technique was associated with a trend towards an increased rate of minor complications, with no difference in major adverse events, including organ space infections. These findings suggest that for patient with diverticulitis, SFM should be performed in an individualized fashion.
Utilizing Topological Data Analysis for Studying Signals of Time-Delay Systems

This chapter describes a new approach for studying the stability of stochastic delay equations by investigating their time series using topological data analysis (TDA). The approach is illustrated utilizing two stochastic delay equations. The first model equation is the stochastic version of Hayes equation—a scalar autonomous delay equation—where the noise is an additive term. The second model equation is the stochastic version of Mathieu’s equation—a time-periodic delay equation. In the latter, noise is added via a multiplicative term in the time-periodic coefficient. The time series is generated using Euler–Maruyama method and a corresponding point cloud is obtained using the Takens’ embedding. The point cloud is then analyzed using a tool from TDA known as persistent homology. The results of this study show that the described approach can be used for analyzing datasets of delay dynamical systems that are described using constant as well as time-periodic coefficients. The presented approach can be used for signals generated from both numerical simulation and experiments. It can be used as a tool to study the stability of stochastic delay equations for which there are currently a limited number of analysis tools.
Pediatric Burn Care: Unique Considerations in Management

Severe pediatric burns require a multidisciplinary team approach at a specialized pediatric burn center. Special attention must be paid to estimations of total body surface area, fluid resuscitation and metabolic demands, and adequate analgesia and sedation. Long-term effects involve scar management and psychosocial support to the child and their family. Compassionate comprehensive burn care is accomplished by a multidisciplinary team offering healing in the acute setting and preparing the child and family for long-term treatment and care.
A novel experimental method for microwave dielectric characterization of flexible or rigid thin sheets

This work demonstrates a novel experimental method coupled with analytical extraction codes to determine dielectric properties of flexible or rigid thin sheets in a waveguide measurement setup. This method is based on measuring the transmission phase shift with and without the material under test which is placed in the middle of two polymeric sample holder blocks. These blocks are 3D printed according to the thickness of the thin sheet sample and the complex dielectric properties are calculated by removing the unwanted sample holder block effects. The method was verified by measuring four commercially available thin sheets in an X-band rectangular waveguide.
Transforming the Treatment of Schizophrenia in the United States: The RAISE Initiative

The schizophrenia spectrum disorders are neurodevelopmental illnesses with a lifetime prevalence near 1%, producing extensive functional impairment and low expectations for recovery. Until recently, treatment in the United States has largely attempted to stabilize individuals with chronic schizophrenia. The identification and promotion of evidence-based practices for schizophrenia via the Patient Outcomes Research Team, combined with international studies supporting the value of early intervention, provided the foundation for the Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode (RAISE) project. The RAISE studies further supported the value of reducing the duration of untreated psychosis and providing a multi-element treatment called coordinated specialty care (CSC) to improve outcomes for patients in usual treatment settings. Although CSC programs have proliferated rapidly in the United States, many challenges remain in the treatment and recovery of individuals with schizophrenia in the aftermath of RAISE.
Molecular dynamics simulations showing 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) membrane mechanoporation damage under different strain paths

Continuum finite element material models used for traumatic brain injury lack local injury parameters necessitating nanoscale mechanical injury mechanisms be incorporated. One such mechanism is mem...
Response Models in Marketing

Econometric and time series analysis (ETS) in marketing is the process of building models of marketing systems that delineate relations between organizations and markets through flows of communication and exchange. These models, called market response models, are useful for understanding the behavior of markets and for predicting the impact of marketing actions. The purpose of this book is to explain how ETS models are created and used.
Hand washing. Simple, cost effective, evidence based ... lip service!

Hand washing is so simple that we teach our toddlers to do it. It's so important in our every day lives that facilities for hand washing can be found in every conceivable environment. Scientists, literature and the media give evidence on the benefits and in the art of good techniques. So why, in an environment where the management of infection is a matter of health and safety for all, is hand washing so low on our ever-growing list of priorities? This article examines the legal and moral issues of hand washing in relation to health and safety, concentrating on possible reasons for non-compliance and how these can be addressed.
Human Capital, Management Quality, and Firm Performance

We make use of a panel data set from the BoardEx database on the quality of the management teams of 4635 firms during 1999 to 2010 to analyze the relationship between the management quality of firms and their long-run operating performance, current market valuations, and future long-run stock returns. We create a management team quality index using common factor analysis from various individual proxies for the quality of a firm's management team, such as management team size, fraction of managers with MBAs, the average employment- and education-based connections of each manager in the management team, fraction of members with prior working experience in the top management team, and the average number of board positions that each manager serves on. We find that this index is positively related to firms' long-run operating performance, current market valuations, and future long-run stock returns. We overcome hurdles related to endogeneity by using Vietnam War draft deferment rules for graduate education. Individuals graduating from college during this period enrolled into graduate degree programs for reasons unrelated to their intrinsic quality, i.e., to avoid getting drafted. Using this as an instrument, we find a causal relationship between our management quality index and firms' long-run future operating performance, current market valuations, and long-run future stock returns. We also find that firms with higher management quality are characterized by larger levels of investment and investment growth. The relationship of management quality with firm valuation and performance is stronger for firms in R&D intensive, more competitive, financially constrained industries, and during periods of recession.
Complementarity constraints as nonlinear equations: Theory and numerical experience

Recently, it has been shown that mathematical programs with complementarity constraints (MPCCs) can be solved efficiently and reliably as nonlinear programs. This paper examines various nonlinear formulations of the complementarity constraints. Several nonlinear complementarity functions are considered for use in MPCC. Unlike standard smoothing techniques, however, the reformulations do not require the control of a smoothing parameter. Thus they have the advantage that the smoothing is exact in the sense that Karush-Kuhn-Tucker points of the reformulation correspond to strongly stationary points of the MPCC. A new exact smoothing of the well-known min function is also introduced and shown to possess desirable theoretical properties. It is shown how the new formulations can be integrated into a sequential quadratic programming solver, and their practical performance is compared on a range of test problems.
Ammonia Emissions in the US: Assessing the Role of Bi-directional Ammonia Transport Using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model

A pilot study assessing bi-directional ammonia (NH3) transport using the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model for the Eastern United States (US) is underway. The study develops and tests bi-directional flux algorithms, explores methods of providing agricultural fertilizer information into CMAQ, and clarifies possible NH3, and overall one-atmosphere, chemical budget changes with the full implementation of the bi-directional flux option planned for the 2011 CMAQ release. One focus area is the adjustment of the current CMAQ bi-directional flux module to include a dynamic soil emission potential component. The soil emission potential (Γg) is calculated offline using commercial fertilizer application survey data from the National Nutrient Loss & Soil Carbon (NNLSC) Database and is then input to CMAQ for computation of the NH3 air-soil compensation point and subsequent NH3 flux. A full 2002 year model run over the standard CMAQ (v. 4.7) Eastern US domain incorporating the revised bi-directional flux module is planned.
On Indeterminate Probabilities

Some men disclaim certainty about anything. I am certain that they deceive themselves. Be that as it may, only the arrogant and foolish maintain that they are certain about everything. It is appropriate, therefore, to consider how judgments of uncertainty discriminate between hypotheses with respect to grades of uncertainty, probability, belief, or credence. Discriminations of this sort are relevant to the conduct of deliberations aimed at making choices between rival policies not only in the context of games of chance, but in moral, political, economic, or scientific decision making. If agent X wishes to promote some aim or system of values, he will (ceteris paribus) favour a policy that guarantees him against failure over a policy that does not. Where no guarantee is to be obtained, he will (or should) favor a policy that reduces the probability of failure to the greatest degree feasible. At any rate, this is so when X is engaged in deliberate decision making (as opposed to habitual or routine choice).
CFD approach used for modelling hydrodynamic analysis and motion characteristics of a remotely operated vehicle

Towed underwater vehicles represents essential tools for providing safe access to the underwater world with many applications including ocean research, naval operations, inspection and repair different of undersea structures. Recently, there is a necessity to use smaller underwater vehicles, tethered or untethered by ship in rivers, lakes or oceans. This underwater vehicle represents an integral part of scientific equipment to explore the seas and oceans. Remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is one of these vehicles which consists of a surface body, connecting cable and underwater vehicle. The dynamic behavior of Remotely operated vehicle (translational and rotational motion or velocity, also sum of all forces acting on the system) is numerically investigated. This paper provided a model used for simulation and modeling approach to obtain the hydrodynamic characteristics of an underwater vehicle using computational fluid dynamic (performed by the Ansys CFX). This is the preliminary design stage where extensive hydrodynamic test facilities are not available.
Neurosarcoidosis Presenting Initially as Idiopathic Vocal Cord Paralysis

Introduction:The presentation, course, and management of a rare laryngeal manifestation of neurosarcoidosis due to central nervous system (as opposed to peripheral nervous system) injury are descri...
Reliability of a new scoring system for intraarticular mineralization of the knee: Boston University Calcium Knee Score (BUCKS).

Summary Background The role of intra-articular mineralization in osteoarthritis (OA) is unclear. Its understanding may potentially advance our knowledge of knee OA pathogenesis. We describe and assess the reliability of a novel computed tomography (CT) scoring system, the Boston University Calcium Knee Score (BUCKS) for evaluating intra-articular mineralization. Methods We included subjects from the most recent study visit of the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST) Study, a NIH-funded longitudinal cohort of community-dwelling older adults with or at risk of knee OA. All subjects underwent CT of bilateral knees. Each knee was scored at 28 scored locations (14 for cartilage, 6 for menisci, 6 for ligaments, 1 for joint capsule, and 1 popliteal-tibial vessels). A single musculoskeletal radiologist scored cartilage and meniscus subregions, as well as vascular calcifications assigning to each a score ranging from 0 to 3. The joint capsule, medial and lateral posterior meniscal roots, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)/posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and 2 collateral ligaments [medial collateral ligament (MCL)/lateral collateral ligament (LCL)] were each scored 0 or 1 for absence or presence of mineralization. To assess reliability, 31 subject CTs were reread 12 weeks later by the same reader and by a second reader and agreement was evaluated using a weighted kappa. Results The intra-reader reliability ranged from 0.92 for ligaments to 1.0 for joint capsule. The inter-reader reliability ranged from 0.94 for cartilage and ligaments, to 1.0 for joint capsule. Conclusion BUCKS demonstrated excellent reliability and is a potentially useful CT-based tool for studying the role of calcium crystals in knee OA.
Breaking Negative Stereotypes of Climate Activists: A Conjoint Experiment:

We tested 44 variations in profiles of climate change activists to see what affected willingness to associate with them. The largest effects were from activists’ perspectives on climate change, how...
Associations between early home environment and trajectories of disruptive behavior among preschoolers reared in CPS-referred families:

Young children who experience maltreatment are at increased risk for disruptive behavior problems. In high-risk environments, children’s difficulties regulating negative emotions and behavior may b...
Antisense to the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Encoded Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP-1) Suppresses LMP-1 and Bcl-2 Expression and Promotes Apoptosis in EBV-Immortalized B Cells

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein (LMP-1) is required for viral transformation and functions to protect cells from apoptotic cell death, in part, by induction of antiapoptotic genes, including Bcl-2 and A20. We have used antisense oligodeoxynucleotides targeted to LMP-1 as a strategy to suppress LMP-1 expression and thereby inhibit its functions. We have shown that levels of LMP-1 protein in EBV-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines can be reduced by in vitro treatment with unmodified oligodeoxynucleotides targeted to the first five codons of the LMP-1 open-reading frame. Furthermore, suppression of LMP-1 was associated with molecular and phenotypic effects that included downregulation of the LMP-1-inducible antiapoptotic genes, Bcl-2 and Mcl-1, inhibition of proliferation, stimulation of apoptosis, and enhancement of sensitivity to the chemotherapeutic agent, etoposide. These effects were largely sequence-specific and observed in EBV-positive, but not EBV-negative cell lines. These studies suggest that lowering expression of LMP-1 in EBV-associated malignancy might have therapeutic effects and might synergize with other antitumor agents.
Bayesian approach to longitudinal craniofacial growth: The Craniofacial Growth Consortium Study

Early in the 20th century, a series of studies were initiated across North America to investigate and characterize childhood growth. The Craniofacial Growth Consortium Study (CGCS) combines craniofacial records from six of those growth studies (15,407 lateral cephalograms from 1,913 individuals; 956 females, 957 males, primarily European descent). Standard cephalometric points collected from the six studies in the CGCS allows direct comparison of craniofacial growth patterns across six North American locations. Three assessors collected all cephalometric points and the coordinates were averaged for each point. Twelve measures were calculated from the averaged coordinates. We implemented a multilevel double logistic equation to estimate growth trajectories fitting each trait separately by sex. Using Bayesian inference, we fit three models for each trait with different random effects structures to compare differences in growth patterns among studies. The models successfully identified important growth milestones (e.g., age at peak growth velocity, age at cessation of growth) for most traits. In a small number of cases, these milestones could not be determined due to truncated age ranges for some studies and slow, steady growth in some measurements. Results demonstrate great similarity among the six growth studies regarding craniofacial growth milestone estimates and the overall shape of the growth curve. These similarities suggest minor variation among studies resulting from differences in protocol, sample, or possible geographic variation. The analyses presented support combining the studies into the CGCS without substantial concerns of bias. The CGCS, therefore, provides an unparalleled opportunity to examine craniofacial growth from childhood into adulthood.
Why climate migration is not managed retreat: Six justifications

This perspective piece makes a case for a more rigorous treatment of managed retreat as a politically, legally, and economically distinct type of relocation that is separate from climate migration. We argue that the use of both concepts interchangeably obfuscates the problems around climate-induced mobilities and contributes to the inconsistencies in policy, plans, and actions taken by governments and organizations tasked with addressing them. This call for a disentanglement is not solely an academic exercise aimed at conceptual clarity, but an effort targeted at incentivizing researchers, practitioners, journalists, and advocates working on both issues to better serve their constituencies through alliance formation, resource mobilization, and the establishment of institutional pathways to climate justice. We offer a critical understanding of the distinctions between climate migration and managed retreat grounded in six orienting propositions. They include differential: causal mechanisms, legal protections, rights regimes and funding structures, discursive effects, implications for land use, and exposure to risks. We provide empirical examples from existing literature to contextualize our propositions while calling for a transformative justice approach to addressing both issues.
Assessing the relationship between routine and schizophrenia symptoms with passively sensed measures of behavioral stability

Increased stability in one's daily routine is associated with well-being in the general population and often a goal of behavioral interventions for people with serious mental illnesses like schizophrenia. Assessing behavioral stability has been limited in clinical research by the use of retrospective scales, which are susceptible to reporting biases and memory inaccuracies. Mobile passive sensors, which are less susceptible to these sources of error, have emerged as tools to assess behavioral patterns in a range of populations. The present study developed and examined a metric of behavioral stability from data generated by a passive sensing system carried by 61 individuals with schizophrenia for one year. This metric-the Stability Index-appeared orthogonal from existing measures drawn from passive sensors and matched the predictive performance of state-of-the-art features. Specifically, greater stability in social activity (e.g., calls and messages) were associated with lower symptoms, and greater stability in physical activity (e.g., being still) appeared associated with elevated symptoms. This study provides additional support for the predictive value of individualized over population-level data in psychiatric populations. The Stability Index offers also a promising tool for generating insights about the impact of behavioral stability in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
Signatures of Ultrafast Reversal of Excitonic Order in Ta_{2}NiSe_{5}.

In the presence of electron-phonon coupling, an excitonic insulator harbors two degenerate ground states described by an Ising-type order parameter. Starting from a microscopic Hamiltonian, we derive the equations of motion for the Ising order parameter in the phonon coupled excitonic insulator ${\mathrm{Ta}}_{2}{\mathrm{NiSe}}_{5}$ and show that it can be controllably reversed on ultrashort timescales using appropriate laser pulse sequences. Using a combination of theory and time-resolved optical reflectivity measurements, we report evidence of such order parameter reversal in ${\mathrm{Ta}}_{2}{\mathrm{NiSe}}_{5}$ based on the anomalous behavior of its coherently excited order-parameter-coupled phonons. Our Letter expands the field of ultrafast order parameter control beyond spin and charge ordered materials.
Performance Analysis of Local Anchor Based 5G Hetnets Using Stochastic Geometry

In heterogeneous 5G networks (HetNets) a local anchor node ensures coordination among small cell low power nodes (LPNs). User equipment (UE) that cannot directly reach the local anchor node will transmit and receive data through LPN. To facilitate measurement of the interference power for this 2-hop hierarchical network topology, a total distance distribution between a UE and a local anchor is derived as a closed form expression in terms of hypergeometric functions. This distribution can be directly utilized in the interference power and outage probability analysis. Numerical results show that the interference power can be tightly approximated using the derived distribution for large distances, which significantly eases the outage probability analysis.
100 YEARS OF INSULIN: A brief history of diabetes genetics: insights for pancreatic beta-cell development and function

Since the discovery of insulin 100 years ago, our knowledge and understanding of diabetes have grown exponentially. Specifically, with regards to the genetics underlying diabetes risk, our discoveries have paralleled developments in our understanding of the human genome and our ability to study genomics at scale; these advancements in genetics have both accompanied and led to those in diabetes treatment. This review will explore the timeline and history of gene discovery and how this has coincided with progress in the fields of genomics. Examples of genetic causes of monogenic diabetes are presented and the continuing expansion of allelic series in these genes and the challenges these now cause for diagnostic interpretation along with opportunities for patient stratification are discussed.
Age-related changes of lens stiffness in wild-type and Cx46 knockout mice.

Abstract We have investigated how connexin 46 (Cx46) regulates lens stiffness by studying different Cx46 knockout (Cx46KO) mice. A modified muscle lever system was used to determine the lens stiffness of wild-type (WT) and Cx46KO mice at the C57BL/6J (B6) and the 129SvJae (129) strain backgrounds according to total lens displacement at the point of maximum force when fresh lenses were compressed with a maximum of 2 mN of force. In comparison to B6-WT controls, young and old B6-Cx46KO lenses showed 23% and 28% reductions in lens displacement, respectively. Comparing to 129-WT controls, old 129-Cx46KO lenses showed 50% reduction in the lens displacement while young 129-Cx46KO lenses displayed similar displacement. Old B6-Cx46KO and old 129-Cx46KO lenses showed almost identical lens displacement, 128 μm versus 127 μm. Morphological data revealed unique changes of peripheral fiber cell shapes in young B6-WT lenses but not in young B6-Cx46KO, 129-WT and 129-Cx46KO lenses. This work reveals Cx46 deletion increases the lens stiffness in both young and old mice at B6 strain background but only in old mice at 129 strain background which contains intermediate filament CP49 gene deletion. Cx46 impairment increases old mouse lens stiffness and may contribute to the development of presbyopia.
The cardiac orienting response and its relationship to the cardiac conditional response in dogs

Orienting tones of two durations (11 seconds and 42 seconds) were presented to two groups of dogs, and the heart rate-orienting responses (HR-OR) were measured. With the brief tone (11 seconds) the initial HR-OR was usually a bradycardia. With the longer tone (42 seconds) the HR-OR was a biphasic response, an initial bradycardia followed by a tachycardia. The bradycardia component extinguished more rapidly than the tachycardia component of this response. The bradycardia also extinguished more rapidly to the long tone than to the brief tone.
Complexity classes of modules over finite dimensional algebras

Directed graphs called “syzygy quivers” are used to study the asymptotic growth rates of the dimensions of the syzygies of representations of finite dimensional algebras. For any finite dimensional syzygy-finite representation (e.g. any representation of a monomial algebra), we show that this growth rate is poly-exponential, i.e. the product of a polynomial and an exponential function, and give a procedure for computing the corresponding degree and base from a syzygy quiver. We characterize the growth rates arising in this context. The bases of the occurring exponential functions are the Perron numbers: real, nonnegative algebraic integers b whose irreducible polynomial over Q has no root with modulus larger than b. Modulo this restriction, arbitrary degrees and bases occur. Moreover, we show that these growth rates are invariant under stable derived equivalences.