cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pilot study of plasma KRAS as a prognostic biomarker in localized pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

294Background: Validated predictive and prognostic biomarkers are needed in PDAC. Such biomarkers could predict response and resistance early in treatment. As 95% of PDAC harbor KRAS mutations (mKR...
Sexual Activity and Attitudes as Predictors of Sexual Satisfaction During Pregnancy: A Multi-Level Model Describing the Sexuality of Couples in the First 12 Weeks.

The sexual satisfaction of couples during pregnancy is an under-researched area of study. Several limitations exist within the current literature, including a lack of inquiry into attitudes about sex during pregnancy, analysis of the relationship between sexual satisfaction and sexual behaviors, and analysis of dyadic interactions within the couple. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationships between attitudes toward having sex during pregnancy, various sexual behaviors, and sexual satisfaction among expectant couples via multilevel structural equation modeling. Recruitment focused on mixed-gender monogamous couples where the pregnant individual was between 8 and 12 weeks of gestation, and both partners were soon-to-be first time parents. Touching, hugging, or holding, kissing, vaginal and oral sex, and rubbing each other’s genitals were all common behaviors among the 116 couples in the current investigation. Anal sex and sex toy use were less common, but far from absent. According to our model, attitudes toward having sex during pregnancy significantly predicted sexual satisfaction by operating through specific sexual behaviors: kissing, vaginal fingering, and vaginal intercourse, while use of a toy alone and use of a toy with partner were independent predictors of sexual satisfaction. Gender had a direct relationship with satisfaction (men were more satisfied), as well as indirect relationship with satisfaction through an interaction with vaginal fingering and use of a sex toy alone. While multiple past month sexual behaviors were likely to increase satisfaction among pregnant and non-expectant couples alike, this improvement might depend on which behaviors are included and the gender of the individual.
The political economy of global memory: Shared memory of global conflict in Captain America: The First Avenger:

Recent scholarship explores the possibility of a global collective memory in which networked individuals transiting national, class, and ethnic boundaries create commonality from shared difference....
Development and Validation of an Eating and Food Literacy Behaviors Questionnaire with Young Adult University Students (FS16-05-19)

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a survey instrument capable of measuring eating and food literacy behaviors in young adult university students. This study had a cross-sectional design and used an online survey for data collection. Participants included a convenience sample of free-living young adult university students aged 18 to 30 years attending a large public university in the southeastern United States. Descriptive information including age, gender, and race/ethnicity was collected. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Cronbach's alpha coefficients, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to develop and validate the instrument. Data from 257 students were analyzed in the EFA. Most of the respondents were white (65.8%) and female (65.6%). The mean age of respondents was 20.0 ± 3.4 years. The EFA returned five factors that explained 57.4% of the total variance suggesting acceptable internal structure. Cronbach's alpha values were: 0.89 = health and nutrition, 0.72 = taste, 0.77 = food preparation, 0.64 = planning and decision making, and 0.63 = convenience. Data from 923 students were used in the CFA. Most of the respondents were white (76.4%) and female (50.3%). The mean age of respondents was 20.6 ± 1.8 years. A CFA confirmed that the 5-factor model was an appropriate fit for the data (Chi-squared = 588.05 (142), RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.97, SRMR = 0.05). These results suggest that the proposed questionnaire is capable of measuring young adult university students’ eating and food literacy behaviors as they relate to health/nutrition, taste, food preparation, planning and decision making, and convenience. This project was funded in part by Hatch Project #LAB94331.
Major Reforms of the Property Restatement and the Uniform Probate Code: Reformation, Harmless Error, and Nonprobate Transfers

In late 2011, the American Law Institute published the third and final volume of the Restatement (Third) of Property: Wills and Other Donative Transfers. In March 2012, the Restatement’s two reporters, Professors Lawrence W. Waggoner and John H. Langbein, presented the Joseph Trachtman Memorial Lecture at the annual meeting of The American College of Trust and Estate Counsel in Miami Beach. Introducing the two lecturers, ACTEC President Mary Radford described them as “two icons in our field, [who] have had a hand in every major development in trust and estate law that has occurred over the past three decades...” In separate but coordinated talks, under the title “Restating and Renewing the Law of Donative Transfers,” Professors Waggoner and Langbein discussed some of the main themes of the new Restatement and of related Uniform Law Commission initiatives. Professor Langbein’s lecture, revised for publication, appears here; Professor Waggoner’s appears in the following Article.
The Complex Affective Scene Set (COMPASS): Solving the Social Content Problem in Affective Visual Stimulus Sets

Social information, including faces and human bodies, holds special status in visual perception generally, and in visual processing of complex arrays such as real-world scenes specifically. To date, unbalanced representation of social compared with nonsocial information in affective stimulus sets has limited the clear determination of effects as attributable to, or independent of, social content. We present the Complex Affective Scene Set (COMPASS), a set of 150 social and 150 nonsocial naturalistic affective scenes that are balanced across valence and arousal dimensions. Participants (n = 847) rated valence and arousal for each scene. The normative ratings for the 300 images together, and separately by social content, show the canonical boomerang shape that confirms coverage of much of the affective circumplex. COMPASS adds uniquely to existing visual stimulus sets by balancing social content across affect dimensions, thereby eliminating a potentially major confound across affect categories (i.e., combinations of valence and arousal). The robust special status of social information persisted even after balancing of affect categories and was observed in slower rating response times for social versus nonsocial stimuli. The COMPASS images also match the complexity of real-world environments by incorporating stimulus competition within each scene. Together, these attributes facilitate the use of the stimulus set in particular for disambiguating the effects of affect and social content for a range of research questions and populations.
Interdisciplinary science of design curriculum development process: an analysis of faculty evaluation

Involving computing science faculty in interdisciplinary research and creative activities is often viewed as a challenging exercise. This paper presents an assessment of an interdisciplinary experience to initiate education and research activities related to the Science of Design (SoD) that involved faculty from a wide range of disciplines including computing science. This effort, supported by the National Science Foundation, contributed to build a SoD course that was designed to be taught to primarily CS students as well as students from other disciplines. The assessment of this interdisciplinary experience analyzes diverse items including the perceptions of the feasibility of a multidisciplinary collaboration, elements of the collaboration that are more or less valuable, the benefits to the faculty participants and the perceptions of inclusiveness of the process. There is enough evidence to support the assertion that involving computing faculty in interdisciplinary research and creative activities could be a successful and enriching experience and should be practiced more often.
Oncodevelopmental Gene Expression: Relevance to Current Views on Cancer

Abstract It is now recognized that cancer cells express gene products which in embryonic life are associated with embryonic, extra-embryonic, and trophoblast lineages. Recently, attention has been drawn to the migratory embryonic cells and their neoplastic counterparts such as C-cell, germ cell, and micro-endocrine neoplasias. Elevated expression of gene products which qualify as differentiation antigens also characterize a number of tumors. From the direction of molecular biology has now come the definition of a variety of oncogenes: cellular, viral, transforming, etc. The accepted concept, however, is that it is the expression of certain cellular genes which accounts both for transformation of cells, their metastatic propensity, and the maintenance of the malignant state. “Are oncogenes oncodevelopmental genes?” is the question which is explored in this presentation.
Engaging Policymakers to Disseminate Research

Researchers have historically been divorced from the policy implications of their work. However, through a process that involves sound science, involvement of key stakeholders, a comprehensive policy strategy, and crafting a statement that resonates with policymakers and the lay public, researchers have the opportunity to significantly increase the impact of their work.
OMNIS, the observatory for multiflavor neutrinos from supernovae

OMNIS, the Observatory for Multiflavor NeutrInos from Supernovae, is being planned for siting in the Center for Applied Repository and Underground Research, CARUS, in New Mexico. OMNIS will consist of 14 kT of lead and iron which, when radiated by neutrinos from a supernova, will produce secondary neutrons. Detection of the neutrons then will signal the arrival of the supernova neutrinos. A supernova at the center of the Galaxy, will produce about 2000 events in OMNIS, mostly from neutral current interactions. OMNIS’ combination of lead and iron modules gives it particular sensitivity to neutrino oscillations of the type νμ→νe or ντ→νe. Its intrinsic timing capability, better than 1 ms, gives it the capability to measure neutrino mass from the time-of-flight shifts in the luminosity curves of the neutrinos of different flavors to a few eV/c2. OMNIS will also be able to detect differences in the luminosity cutoffs of the different flavors in the event of the fairly prompt collapse to a black hole, which mi...
Decentralized Additive Increase and Multiplicative Decrease-Based Electric Vehicle Charging

Electric vehicle (EV) transition and low-cost renewable energy generation are putting power grid under a challenging transformation. Number of power electronics actuators connected to the grid is increasing, and the legacy control methods employed on the grid are not responsive to this growing demand. Thus, the grid integration of EVs and their charging management requires a system-wide solution that is scalable, autonomous, and stable. In this article, we investigate two very complex networks: Internet and power grid in the context of controlling mass-scale EV charging problem. We adapt the well-known additive increase-multiplicative decrease (AIMD) algorithm used in the Internet congestion control to EV charging in a distributed fashion. We develop an adaptation of the Internet's congestion control method for power grid considering the unique grid constraints using a decentralized concept. The advantage of the proposed method lies in its low-cost (memory-less) congestion detection mechanism based on only local voltage measurements. Results show that decentralized AIMD can successfully help flatten the peak loading caused by high EV penetration. To test the algorithm, a distribution grid model is designed based on IEEE 37-node test feeder with realistic load modeling. Finally, the results are presented in comparison with two other control architectures.
Effect of emotional intelligence and academic streams on self-esteem of college students

The present study was to explore the effect of Emotional Intelligence and Academic Streams on Self-Esteem of college students. Study was conducted with a sample size (N=100) including both boys and girls. Sample was drawn from Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Agra, India. Sample was collected by using randomized sampling technique. Emotional Intelligence Scale by Zainuddin and Ahmed (2008) and Self-Esteem Scale by Dhar and Dhar (2015) were used. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used in order to find out the effect of Emotional Intelligence and Academic Streams on self-esteem of students. The results of the study proved that there exists a positive significant effect of Emotional Intelligence on Self-Esteem of students. There is no statistical significant effect of Academic Streams on Self-Esteem of students. The results also depicts that there is a significant integrated effect of Emotional Intelligence and Academic Streams on Self-Esteem of students.
NPD1 rapidly targets mitochondria-mediated apoptosis after acute injection protecting brain against ischemic injury.

Abstract Mitochondria-related cell death pathways play a major role in ischemic brain injury. Thus, mitochondrial “protective” molecules could be considered for new therapeutic regimens. We recently reported that acute administration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) triglyceride lipid emulsion, immediately after hypoxic-ischemic (HI) insult, markedly attenuated brain infarct size. This was associated with an early change of DHA-derived specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) profiles. Specifically, DHA treatment induced a 50% increase of neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) levels in ischemic brain. Based on these findings, we questioned if direct administration of NPD1 after HI injury also affords neuroprotection, and if so, by what mechanisms. Using HI insult to mimic ischemic stroke in neonatal mice, we observed that acute intraperitoneal injection of NPD1 immediately after HI injury prevented the expansion of the ischemic core by ~40% and improved coordination and motor abilities compared to the control group. At 7 days after HI injury, NPD1 treatment decreased ipsilateral hemisphere atrophy and preserved motor functions in wire-holding and bridge-crossing tests compared to control littermates. Brain mitochondria, isolated at 4 h after reperfusion from mice treated with NPD1, showed an increase in the capacity to buffer calcium after HI injury, as result of the preservation of mitochondrial membranes. Further, NPD1 induced a reduction of mitochondrial BAX translocation and oligomerization, attenuated cytochrome C release and decreased AIF nuclear translocation. To confirm whether NPD1 acts as BAX inhibitor, we evaluated NPD1 action co-administrated with a pro-apoptotic agent, staurosporine, using mouse embryonic fibroblasts as in vitro model of apoptosis. NPD1 exposure markedly decreased mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, blocking BAX translocation from cytosol to mitochondria and subsequently reducing caspase-3 activation. Our findings provide novel evidence that the neuroprotective action of NPD1 is elicited rapidly in the first few hours after ischemic injury and is associated with both preserved mitochondrial membrane structure and reduced BAX mitochondrial translocation and activation.
A wavelet-based multi-dimensional temporal recurrent neural network for stencil printing performance prediction

Abstract The solder paste printing (SPP) is a critical procedure in a surface mount technology (SMT) based assembly line, which is one of the major attributes to the defect of the printed circuit boards (PCBs). The quality of SPP is influenced by multiple factors, such as the squeegee speed, pressure, the stencil separation speed, cleaning frequency, and cleaning profile. During printing, the printer environment is dynamically varying due to the physical change of solder paste, which can result in a dynamic variation of the relationships between the printing results and the influential factors. To reduce the printing defects, it is critical to understand such dynamic relationships. This research focuses on determining the printing performance during printing by implementing a wavelet filtering-based temporal recurrent neural network. To reduce the noise factor in the solder paste inspection (SPI) data, this research applies a three-dimensional dual-tree complex wavelet transformation for low-pass noise filtering and signal reconstruction. A recurrent neural network is utilized to model the performance prediction with low noise interference. Both printing sequence and process setting information are considered in the proposed recurrent network model. The proposed approach is validated using practical dataset and compared with other commonly used data mining approaches. The results show that the proposed wavelet-based multi-dimensional temporal recurrent neural network can effectively predict the printing process performance and can be a high potential approach in reducing the defects and controlling cleaning frequency. The proposed model is expected to advance the current research in the application of smart manufacturing in surface mount technology.
A Spanish Translation of the Hoarding Rating Scale: Differential Item Functioning and Convergent Validity

Hoarding disorder (HD) involves extreme difficulties discarding possessions and significant clutter in living areas. Although hoarding occurs worldwide, cross-cultural research remains in nascent stages, hampered in part by a lack of validated measures in non-English languages. We aimed to validate a Spanish translation of the Hoarding Rating Scale (HRS), a widely used measure of core HD symptoms. Our sample (N = 736) included participants responding in English (n = 548; 45.4% female; 7.9% Latinx) or Spanish (n = 188; 46.3% female; 79.9% Latinx) to questionnaires via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. An item response theory (IRT) approach was used to test differential item functioning (DIF) of the English and Spanish HRS. We also examined convergent validity of each language version with other HD. Initial comparisons revealed that hoarding symptoms were elevated in the Spanish-speaking sample compared to the English-speaking sample. DIF tests flagged the clutter item for potential bias (McFadden’s β = .069), but closer examination revealed that the impact was negligible. The Spanish HRS was significantly linked with other hoarding measures (Saving Inventory-Revised: β = .497, p < .001; Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory-Revised–Hoarding Subscale: β = .329, p = .008), controlling for mood, anxiety, stress, and non-hoarding OCD symptoms. However, the Spanish HRS was not significantly associated with Clutter Image Rating scores. Findings supported the utility of the HRS to measure of HD symptoms in Spanish speakers, though cross-linguistic assessment of clutter and the applicability of clinical cutoffs with Spanish-speaking samples merits further study.
The Role of Perceived Susceptibility and Collectivist Values in Support for Using Social Distancing to Prevent COVID-19 in the United States

The present investigation examined the factors that were related to U.S. residents? support for social distancing measures (i.e., stay-at-home) that can help prevent COVID-19 infections and save lives. Relying on a survey of 387 U.S.-based participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), conducted in May 2020, the results revealed that perceived susceptibility and collectivist cultural values predicted their support for social distancing, both directly and indirectly. The total effect sizes were moderate and strong, respectively. In addition, instrumental attitudes were a stronger predictor of the participants? support for social distancing than experiential attitudes and perceived behavioral control. The results contribute to the understanding of how risk perceptions, collectivist values, and various attitudes are related to an important preventive behavior (i.e., social distancing) during a pandemic. It should be acknowledged that the concept of social distancing evolved throughout the pandemic in the United States.
Critical Role of the Subways in the Initial Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City

We studied the possible role of the subways in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City during late February and March 2020. Data on cases and hospitalizations, along with phylogenetic analyses of viral isolates, demonstrate rapid community transmission throughout all five boroughs within days. The near collapse of subway ridership during the second week of March was followed within 1-2 weeks by the flattening of COVID-19 incidence curve. We observed persistently high entry into stations located along the subway line serving a principal hotspot of infection in Queens. We used smartphone tracking data to estimate the volume of subway visits originating from each zip code tabulation area (ZCTA). Across ZCTAs, the estimated volume of subway visits on March 16 was strongly predictive of subsequent COVID-19 incidence during April 1-8. In a spatial analysis, we distinguished between the conventional notion of geographic contiguity and a novel notion of contiguity along subway lines. We found that the March 16 subway-visit volume in subway-contiguous ZCTAs had an increasing effect on COVID-19 incidence during April 1-8 as we enlarged the radius of influence up to 5 connected subway stops. By contrast, the March 31 cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in geographically-contiguous ZCTAs had an increasing effect on subsequent COVID-19 incidence as we expanded the radius up to 3 connected ZCTAs. The combined evidence points to the initial citywide dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 via a subway-based network, followed by percolation of new infections within local hotspots.
Anti-Inflammatory Effects of RTD-1 in a Murine Model of Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infection: Inhibition of NF-κB, Inflammasome Gene Expression, and Pro-IL-1β Biosynthesis.

Vicious cycles of chronic airway obstruction, lung infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and neutrophil-dominated inflammation contribute to morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Rhesus theta defensin-1 (RTD-1) is an antimicrobial macrocyclic peptide with immunomodulatory properties. Our objective was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of RTD-1 in a murine model of chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection. Mice received nebulized RTD-1 daily for 6 days. Bacterial burden, leukocyte counts, and cytokine concentrations were evaluated. Microarray analysis was performed on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells and lung tissue homogenates. In vitro effects of RTD-1 in THP-1 cells were assessed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunoblots, confocal microscopy, enzymatic activity assays, and NF-κB-reporter assays. RTD-1 significantly reduced lung white blood cell counts on days 3 (−54.95%; p = 0.0003) and 7 (−31.71%; p = 0.0097). Microarray analysis of lung tissue homogenates and BALF cells revealed that RTD-1 significantly reduced proinflammatory gene expression, particularly inflammasome-related genes (nod-like receptor protein 3, Mediterranean fever gene, interleukin (IL)-1α, and IL-1β) relative to the control. In vitro studies demonstrated NF–κB activation was reduced two-fold (p ≤ 0.0001) by RTD-1 treatment. Immunoblots revealed that RTD-1 treatment inhibited proIL-1β biosynthesis. Additionally, RTD-1 treatment was associated with a reduction in caspase-1 activation (FC = −1.79; p = 0.0052). RTD-1 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity in chronically infected mice. Importantly, RTD-1 inhibits inflammasome activity, which is possibly a downstream effect of NF-κB modulation. These findings support that this immunomodulatory peptide may be a promising therapeutic for CF-associated lung disease.
Dynorphin, won't you myelinate my neighbor?

Accumulating evidence supports the prevalence of experience-dependent oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation and myelination in learning and memory. However, the mechanisms remain unknown. In this issue of Neuron, Osso et al., (2021) report that stress causes the secretion of dynorphin by unmyelinated axons, which induces OPC differentiation and myelination of neighboring axons.
Why does subsequence time-series clustering produce sine waves?

The data mining and machine learning communities were surprised when Keogh et al. (2003) pointed out that the k-means cluster centers in subsequence time-series clustering become sinusoidal pseudo-patterns for almost all kinds of input time-series data. Understanding this mechanism is an important open problem in data mining. Our new theoretical approach (based on spectral clustering and translational symmetry) explains why the cluster centers of k-means naturally tend to form sinusoidal patterns.
Spillover effects in healthcare programs: Evidence on social norms and information sharing

Although cervical cancer is considered one of the most preventable types of cancer, mortality rates in many developing countries are extremely high. This paper exploits the randomized research design of a large welfare program "PROGRESA" to study the existence of spillover effects in cervical cancer screening in rural Mexico. I find significant evidence of increased demand for Papanicolaou cervical cancer screening among women ineligible for the transfer, yet no evidence of similar externalities in non-gender specific tests, such as blood pressure and blood sugar checks. Different pieces of evidence from the evaluation sample and the nationwide rollout are consistent with the hypothesis that the PROGRESA program has weakened the social norm related to husbands' opposition to screening of their wives by male doctors. I find less evidence to support the hypothesis that the spillover effect is driven by higher levels of health information.
Optimal Taxation When Consumers Have Benchmark Levels of Consumption

I examine optimal taxes in an overlapping generations economy in which each consumer's utility depends on consumption relative to the average level of consumption in the economy (the benchmark level of consumption) as well as on the level of the consumer's own consumption. The socially optimal balanced growth path is characterized by the Modified Golden Rule and by a condition on the intergenerational allocation of consumption in each period. A competitive economy can be induced to attain the social optimum by a lump-sum pay-as-you-go social security system and a tax on capital income.
Novel Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interaction for Prostate Cancer Therapy

Abstract : The goal of this research was to firmly establish the mechanism of androgen receptor (AR)-JunD heterodimer induction of the SSAT gene leading to oxidative stress that contributes to the development and progression of prostate cancer (PCa), and to identify small molecules that specifically inhibit this AR-JunD interaction and prevent development/progression of PCa in preclinical models. Data from this research would identify the most efficacious drug to be further developed in preclinical toxicity testing and clinical trials for PCa that fall beyond the scope of this proposal. From this research it has been established that certain sequences of the SSAT promoter are important for androgen-induced SSAT activation, and that compounds that specifically inhibit the interaction of AR and JunD can block the AR-JunD ROS-generating pathway and inhibit growth in PCa cells. Furthermore, the lead AR-JunD inhibitor showed efficacy against the castrate-resistant C4-2 PCa xenograft model. However, lack of efficacy against androgen-dependent LNCaP and TRAMPxFVB transgenic PCa models suggests its application more for treatment of CRPCa than for chemopreventive or early-stage PCa therapy. Further preclinical animal efficacy studies are needed to support translation of the lead compound to clinical testing. Overall the data supports AR-JunD inhibitors as a new class of agents for further research and development as new therapies for early-stage recurrent PCa patients, who have no approved therapy and represent a long unmet medical need.
Dual Atrioventricular Nodal Pathways Physiology: A Review of Relevant Anatomy, Electrophysiology, and Electrocardiographic Manifestations for the Physician-in-Training

More than half a century has passed since the concept of dual atrioventricular (AV) nodalpathways physiology was conceived. Dual AV nodal pathways have been shown to be responsible for many clinical arrhythmia syndromes, most notably AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Although there has been a considerable amount of research on this topic, the subject of dual AV nodal pathways physiology remains heavily debated and discussed. Despite advances in understanding arrhythmia mechanisms and the widespread use of invasive electrophysiologic studies, there is still disagreement on the anatomy and physiology of the AV node that is the basis of discontinuous antegrade AV conduction. The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of dual AV nodal pathways physiology and its varied electrocardiographic manifestations for physicians-in-training in medicine and cardiology.
Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid bed lesions from patients with thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinomas.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and the limitation of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy in thyroid bed lesions, a retrospective review was performed of the medical records of thyroid cancer patients who underwent ultrasound-guided FNA biopsy of the thyroid bed at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center over a 5-year period. METHODS: Data were reviewed on 220 FNA biopsies taken from thyroid bed lesions in 195 patients who had undergone thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid bed FNA results were compared with clinical follow-up, including neck dissection results. RESULTS: Recurrent carcinoma was diagnosed by FNA biopsy in 139 of 220 (63%) cases. Neck dissections were performed for 112 sites identified by FNA biopsies, and recurrent carcinoma was confirmed in 110 sites. The concordance between positive and/or suspicious FNA diagnosis and positive neck dissection results was 98% (118 of 120 cases). A false-positive FNA occurred in one patient with follicular thyroid carcinoma. The other discrepancy was attributed to failure to remove the lesion by neck dissection. The diagnostic accuracy of thyroid bed FNA was 100% in papillary and medullary thyroid carcinoma and 93% in follicular thyroid carcinoma. Suspicious and rare false-negative FNA results were attributed to low cellularity and lack of characteristic cytomorphologic features of thyroid carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided thyroid bed FNA biopsy is accurate and efficient in triaging patients who require post-thyroidectomy follow-up for recurrent thyroid carcinoma. Caution should be taken in the interpretation of FNA specimens that have low cellularity and lack characteristic cytologic features of thyroid carcinoma. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Nebenschilddrüse, Calciumstoffwechsel und Knochenphysiologie

Nebenschilddrusen-Hormone erhohen den Plasma-Calcium-Spiegel, mobilisieren Calcium aus den Knochen und steigern die Phosphat-Ausscheidung im Harn. Ihre Sekretionsrate ist dem Calcium-Spiegel umgekehrt proportional und die Hauptaufgabe der Nebenschilddrusen-Hormone durfte die Aufrechterhaltung eines konstanten Calcium-Spiegels in der ECF sein. Thyreocalcitonin, ein — den Calcium-Spiegel senkendes Hormon der Schilddruse — durfte ebenfalls — wenn auch nur gering — an der Regelung des CalciumSpiegels beteiligt sein.
A VALVE FOR RESPIRATORY STUDIES IN INFANTS

PULMONARY function studies in small infants have been limited in the past by failure to develop practical methods for collecting expired gas samples. Adaption of a respiratory valve suitable for use in small subjects with small tidal volumes has been difficult and has led to the use of techniques with the body plethysmograph, contour face mask and large head chamber. The body plethysmograph offers only indirect data and requires considerable prepration before each study. In addition, it has the disadvantage that once the infant is placed in the plethysmograph chamber further manipulations of the infant are not possible. Systems using the contour face mask on head chamber involve a large dead space which may be quite significant when one considers the small volumes dealt with. In order to overcome the problem of large dead space, Cayler et al ., similar to others, circulated air across the face of the contour mask. However, because of the dilution effect, differences in the composition of the inspired and expired gases were very small and therefore the chance for error in the calculations was increased. Berglund and Karlberg, and Geubelle et al ., while studying functional residual capacity in infants, found that practically all quiet, healthy newborn infants breathe through the nose and can also tolerate the insertion of small tubes in their nostrils for varying periods. On the basis of these observations, a respiratory valve has been designed for insertion directly into the nostrils, permitting collection of total expired air. The valve, especially adapted for use in small infants, offers minimal resistance to respiration and has a dead space of 0.8 ml.
Seismic characterization of naturally fractured reservoirs using amplitude versus offset and azimuth analysis

P-wave seismic reflection data, with variable offset and azimuth, acquired over a fractured reservoir can theoretically be inverted for the effective compliance of the fractures. The total effective compliance of a fractured rock, which is described using second- and fourth-rank fracture tensors, can be represented as background compliance plus additional compliance due to fractures. Assuming monoclinic or orthotropic symmetry (which take into account layering and multiple fracture sets), the components of the effective second- and fourth-rank fracture compliance tensors can be used as attributes related to the characteristics of the fractured medium. Synthetic tests indicate that using a priori knowledge of the properties of the unfractured medium, the inversion can be effective on noisy data, with S/N on the order of 2. Monte Carlo simulation was used to test the effect of uncertainties in the a priori information about elastic properties of unfractured rock. Two cases were considered with Wide Azimuth (WAZ) and Narrow Azimuth (NAZ) reflection data and assuming that the fractures have rotationally invariant shear compliance. The relative errors in determination of the components of the fourth-rank tensor are substantially larger compared to the second-rank tensor, under the same assumptions. Elastic properties of background media, consisting in horizontal layers without fractures, do not cause azimuthal changes in the reflection coefficient variation with offset. Thus, due to the different nature of these properties compared to fracture tensor components (which cause azimuthal anomalies), simultaneous inversion for background isotropic properties and fracture tensor components requires additional constraints. Singular value decomposition (SVD) and resolution matrix analysis can be used to predict fracture inversion efficacy before acquiring data. Therefore, they can be used to determine the optimal seismic survey design for inversion of fracture parameters. However, results of synthetic inversion in some cases are not consistent with resolution matrix results and resolution matrix results are reliable only after one can see a consistent and robust behaviour in inversion of synthetics with different noise levels.
A Preliminary Laboratory Study of Initial Copper Release from Dredge Residuals

A preliminary laboratory study was conducted to investigate the impact of different residual types and sediment surface roughness on copper contaminant fluxes to the water column. Sediments from Torch Lake, Michigan served as the test samples. These sediments are mining by-products with elevated Cu levels. Six experiments were run during which the sediments were conditioned to simulate different forms of residuals. During these experiments, the water column above the sediments was circulated via peristaltic pumping or orbital shaking and the total and dissolved Cu levels were monitored periodically for 15 days. Dissolved Cu levels indicated that during the first 48 hr the water column concentrations approached equilibrium for all six cases. Total Cu levels increased with time and did reach equilibrium but were more susceptible to fluctuations in water column suspended solids levels. Analysis of the resulting dissolved Cu data indicated that the resulting water column Cu concentrations differed with sediment surface and residual type. The highest dissolved Cu water column concentrations were observed for a roughened surface with a larger surface area. The lowest water column dissolved Cu levels were observed for the case with sediment slurry placed over clean sand. The dissolved Cu levels in the water column for all six simulated conditions were several orders higher than the USEPA ambient water quality criteria for protection of aquatic life. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.*
Alterations in vasopressin mechanisms in captopril-treated spontaneously hypertensive rats.

The effects of lifetime captopril treatment on vasopressin (VP) were assessed in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Pregnant and nursing dams were treated with oral Captopril (100 mg/kg/day), After weaning, the pups were maintained on Captopril (50/kg/day) for 19–20 wks. Blood pressures of Captopriltreated SHR were in the normotensive range and significantly lower (p<.001) than SHR control rats. Control and Captopril-treated SHR were perfused and brains were sectioned for immunohistochemical staining with a polyclonal antibody directed against vasopressin (VP). Compared to control SHR, Captopril-treated rats displayed decreased VP-like immunoreactivity in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of the hypothalamus. Captopril treatment also selectively decreased the number of brightly labeled cell bodies in the SON and PVN and reduced VP-like labeling in the axons of the neurons in these nuclei. Concurrent with a decrease in VP-like immunoreactivity, Captopril treatment reduced plasma VP ...
Predictions of Flow and Heat Transfer in Low Emission Combustors

Flow and heat transfer predictions in modern low emission combustors are critical to maintaining the liner wall at reasonable temperatures. This study is the first to focus on a critical issue for combustor design. The objective of this paper is to understand the effect of different swirl angle for a dry low emission (DLE) combustor on flow and heat transfer distributions. This paper provides the effect of fuel nozzle swirl angle on velocity distributions, temperature, and surface heat transfer coefficients. A simple test model is investigated with flow through fuel nozzles without reactive flow. The fuel nozzle angle is varied to obtain different swirl conditions inside the combustor. The effect of flow Reynolds number and swirl number are investigated using FLUENT. Different RANS-based turbulence models are tested to determine the ability of these models to predict the swirling flow. For comparison, different turbulence models such as standard k − ϵ, realizable k − ϵ, and shear stress transport (SST) k−...
Carcinoma of the prostate with unusual metastases.

A case of carcinoma of the prostate with metastases to both kidneys, both adrenals, both breasts, the head of the pancreas, and one testis as confirmed by autopsy is reported. This combination of rare occurrences of metastases from the prostate has not previously been described in the literature. The serum acid phosphatases were normal throughout the course of the disease, and the tumor did not respond to treatment with diethylstilbestrol 5 mg daily. The possible routes of metastases from cancer of prostate are outlined.
A study of some pyridopyrazines and pyridopyrimidines

The d- and l-forms of 2H-octahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrazine (I) have been prepared and their absolute configurations established. These configurations were confirmed by an optical rotary dispersion study. The infrared spectra of 2H-octahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrazine (I), lH-octahydropyrido[ 1,2-a]pyrimidine (11) and 2H-octahydropyrido[ 1,2-c]pyrimidine (111) were compared with the infrared spectrum of quinolizidine. All of these spectra showed the Bohlmann bands characteristic of a trans ring structure. A few derivatives of these ring systems have been prepared.
Evidence for noisy contextual search: Examining the dynamics of list-before-last recall

The dynamics of free recall in the list-before-last task were examined in the current study. List-length was manipulated and probability of recall was influenced by target list-length but not by intervening list-length. Participants also performed free recall on control lists matched on target list-length. Critically, list-before-last recall was worse than recall on the control list, suggesting that the mere presence of an intervening list reduced recall. An examination of intrusion errors suggested that participants recalled both prior and intervening list intrusions and retrieval was influenced by the length of the intervening list-length. Finally, an examination of recall latency suggested that target list-length, but not intervening list-length, influenced recall dynamics. However, recall latency in list-before-last recall was longer than in the control lists, suggesting that the mere presence of intervening list influenced recall latency. Taken together, the results are consistent with the notion tha...
Low-Cost Handheld Global Positioning System for Measuring Surf-Zone Currents

Abstract Low-cost, handheld, L1 (1575.42 MHz) global positioning systems (GPSs) provide scientists with the opportunity to acquire position and velocity estimates at reduced expense (order of [O]$100), size (∼cell phone), weight (O[70 g]), and engineering time. Two different low-cost, handheld GPS units and four different position-correcting configurations are evaluated here to determine their practicality in measuring surf-zone currents. Three of the simpler configurations result in relative position and velocity errors of O(2 m) and O(0.5 m s−1) for stationary tests. Surf-zone position and velocity signal-to-noise spectral ratios for the three configurations suggest that only motions <0.01 Hz can be confidently estimated for these surf-zone systems. For the fourth configuration, a GPS handheld unit that internally records GPS carrier phase is postprocessed using more sophisticated software for position corrections to obtain absolute position and velocity estimates. Simple modifications are required to i...
Coupled equations for rearrangement collisions. II

Abstract A projection operator which projects out direct and rearranged scattering from the total wave function is derived. It is much simpler than one previously presented; however, this new method has certain limitations, the most important one being that the recoil of the target must be neglected.
Pt Film Growth with Tetra-Kis(Triflurophosphine)Platinum

Platinum film growth using Pt(PF 3 ) 4 precursors was investigated. The study focused on three aspects of film growth: conformality, adhesion and selective growth. Pt(PF 3 ) 4 deposited pure Pt films over a wide range of temperatures (∼200 to 400 °C). At 200 °C, the step coverage for a via with an aspect ratio of three was poor. Lower growth temperatures showed a significant decrease in the growth rate. In addition, these films had poor adhesion to the substrate as indicated by separation between the Pt and the substrate in cross sectional scanning electron microscopy images. Oxygen addition during Pt film growth from Pt(PF 3 ) 4 improved both film conformality and adhesion. With oxygen, the step coverage on the side wall was greater than 90 % The dependence of the film growth rate on oxygen varied with the growth temperature: the growth rate decreased at 200 °C, while it changed slightly at 260 °C when oxygen was added. The substrate effect on the initial growth rate was studied on various substrates. The initial growth rate on metals is much faster than that on other substrates. The growth rate decreased on various substrates in the order of iridium > titanium nitride > barium strontium titanate > silicon nitride > silicon oxide.
First harmonic suppression of a square ring resonator by two embedded stubs

A microwave square ring resonator is a very narrow band bandpass filter (BPF) being widely used in telecommunication systems. Its spurious harmonics deteriorate its stopband performances. Two embedded open stubs are added to the feeding lines of a square ring resonator to suppress its first harmonics. Design details are proposed and simulations show that the first harmonics is suppressed by more than 30 dB.
Streptozotocin therapy in 22 cancer patients

Twenty-two cancer patients were treated with streptozotocin (SZN) in six weekly intravenous doses of 1.0-1.5 g/m2. The results of the initial courses of therapy include 3 complete and 2 partial responses, 11 patients with no change, 4 with progression, and 2 deaths due to tumor progression. Three additional deaths also due to tumor progression occurred in previously responding patients. All responses were in patients with pancreatic tumor. Toxicity consisted of transient proteinuria in 11/15 patients, transient azotemia in 11/18 patients, marked reduction of creatinine clearance in 1 patient, burning pain at site of injection, nausea, and vomiting in 20/22 patients, change of FBS from pretherapy to post-therapy of at least 10 mg/100 ml in 11/17 patients, significantly decreased platelet count in 1/22 patients, decreased Hgb in 2/22 patients, and duodenal ulcer in 2/22 patients. A reduced dosage schedule and combination with other drugs known to be effective in pancreatic tumors deserves further investigations.
Factor analysis on the Genisys preclinical PET system

The Genisys preclinical PET imaging system suffers from relatively poor spatial resolution and reconstruction artifacts in the sagittal and transaxial planes due to limited angular sampling. This prevents reliable quantification and delineation of organs and tumors in close proximity. The use of factor analysis (FA) is proposed as a method to mitigate this effect by separation of structures into “factor” images. Two studies were performed. The first study attempted to quantify how much information is retained by FA using a simple dual-isotope scan. The second study applied FA to a dynamic image of tumor-bearing mouse. The resulting factor images were assessed in order to determine how well the tumor was separated from other structures. The results from the first study displayed a very strong agreement between the synthetic curves and the factor curves. The second study displayed a prominent tumor presence within the two most significant factors. The results show promise for FA, but further research into optimal conditions must be performed.