cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The sequestration efficiency of the biological pump

The conversion of dissolved nutrients and carbon to organic matter by phytoplankton in the surface ocean, and its downward transport by sinking particles, produces a “biological pump” that reduces the concentration of atmospheric CO2. Global rates of organic matter export are a poor indicator of biological carbon storage however, because organic matter gets distributed across water masses with diverse pathways and timescales of return to the surface. Here we show that organic matter export and carbon storage can be related through a sequestration efficiency, which measures how long regenerated nutrients and carbon will be stored in the interior ocean before being returned to the surface. For the first time, we derive global maps of the sequestration efficiency of the biological pump at different residence time horizons. These maps reveal how regional patterns of organic matter export contribute to the biological pump, and how the biological pump responds to changes in biological productivity driven by climate change.
Effects of total parenteral nutrition on luteinizing hormone dynamics in the male rat.

During severe nutritional deficiency, secretion of luteinizing hor mone (LH) from the pituitary and testosterone from the testes are reduced, suggesting that adequate nutrient intake is important in maintaining normal plasma concentra tions of reproductive hormones. A model system that employs controlled delivery of chemically defined diets and is low in stress would be helpful in studying the role of nutrients in the maintenance of the reproductive endocrine integrity. The procedures of the rat total parenteral nutrition (TPN) model previously developed by others were modified to help reduce the stress associated with the surgery and restraint necessary to provide nutrients by direct infusion into the veins. Plasma and urine LH concentra tions were studied in adult male rats maintained by TPN 4-6 d. Rats fed by TPN and control rats had near equal body weight gains, plasma LH concentrations and LH responses to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) after 6 d of study. LH excretion was significantly greater during infusions of TPN than during pre- or post- infusion periods (P < 0.001), but this hypergonadotropinuria appeared to be related to the increased urine output rather than the TPN. These results indicate that the rat TPN model may be useful in the further study of nutritional involvement in reproductive processes. J. Nutr. 115: 798-806, 1985.
Developing Cultural Competence in the Baccalaureate Nursing Student: A Population-Based Project with the Hutterites

The purpose of this article is to articulate the process of educating baccalaureate students to apply culturally competent, population-based nursing care to the Hutterites. The Hutterites are a German dialect-speaking, ethnoreligious population. Campinha-Bacote's culturally competent model guided the student learning process. Groups of students developed culture-specific, population-based assessment models to identify the health-related needs of the Hutterites. One example of a Hutterite health assessment model that was derived from Dever's epidemiologic model and Purnell and Paulanka's model for cultural competence is presented. Priority health needs of Hutterite colonies are described, and examples of health programs are given. Recommendations for working with the Hutterite population as part of an undergraduate public health nursing course are put forth. The culturally congruent process of teaching and learning for nursing students can be applied to other health-related professions and adapted to other cultural contexts.
Starch biosynthesis: further evidence against the primer nonreducing-end mechanism and evidence for the reducing-end two-site insertion mechanism

Abstract Two reactions were studied with three varieties of starch granules from maize, wheat, and rice. In Reaction-I, the granules were reacted with 1 mM ADP-[14C]Glc and in Reaction-II, a portion of the granules from Reaction-I was reacted with 1 mM ADP-Glc. The starch granules were solubilized and reacted with the exo-acting glucoamylase and beta-amylase to an extent of 50% or less of the 14C-label. The amounts of 14C-labeled products from glucoamylase and beta-amylase were nearly equal for Reaction-I and Reaction-II. If the addition had been to the nonreducing ends of primers, Reaction-II would not have given any labeled products from the hydrolysis of glucoamylase and beta-amylase. These results indicate that the elongation of the starch chain is the addition of D -glucose to the reducing end by a de novo two-site insertion mechanism and not by the addition of D -glucose to the nonreducing end of a primer. This is in conformity with previous results in which starch granules were pulsed with ADP-[14C]Glc and chased with nonlabeled ADP-Glc, giving 14C-labeled D -glucitol from the pulsed starch and a significant decrease in 14C-labeled D -glucitol from the chased starch on reducing with NaBH4 and hydrolyzing with glucoamylase [Carbohydr. Res.2002, 337, 1015–1022]. It also is in conformity with the inhibition of starch synthesis that occurs when putative primers are added to starch granule–ADP-Glc digests, indicating that the elongation is not by the nonreducing-end primer mechanism [Carbohydr. Res.2005, 340, 245–255].
Paediatric parenting stress in inflammatory bowel disease: application of the Pediatric Inventory for Parents.

Background The psychosocial functioning of caregivers of adolescents managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been understudied; yet, poor caregiver functioning can place youth at risk for compromised disease management. The current study addressed this limitation by examining a sample of caregivers of adolescents with IBD. Study aims included: 1) document rates of paediatric parenting stress, 2) identify associated sociodemographic predictors of parenting stress, and 3) compare previously published rates of parenting stress to those within other paediatric chronic conditions, including cancer, type 1 diabetes, obesity, sickle cell disease, bladder exstrophy.
Learning, Modeling, and Classification of Vehicle Track Patterns from Live Video

This paper presents two different types of visual activity analysis modules based on vehicle tracking. The highway monitoring module accurately classifies vehicles into eight different types and collects traffic flow statistics by leveraging tracking information. These statistics are continuously accumulated to maintain daily highway models that are used to categorize traffic flow in real time. The path modeling block is a more general analysis tool that learns the normal motions encountered in a scene in an unsupervised fashion. The spatiotemporal motion characteristics of these motion paths are encoded by a hidden Markov model. With the path definitions, abnormal trajectories are detected and future intent is predicted. These modules add realtime situational awareness to highway monitoring for high-level activity and behavior analysis.
Particularism and default reasons

This paper addresses a recent suggestion that moral particularists can extend their view to countenance default reasons (at a first stab, reasons that are pro tanto unless undermined) by relying on certain background expectations of normality. I first argue that normality must be understood non-extensionally. Thus if default reasons rest on normality claims, those claims won't bestow upon default reasons any definite degree of extensional generality. Their generality depends rather on the contingent distributional aspects of the world, which no theory of reasons should purport to settle. Appeals to default reasons cannot therefore uniquely support particularism. But this argument also implies that if moral generalism entailed that moral reasons by necessity have invariant valence (in the natural extensional sense), it would be a non-starter. Since generalism is not a non-starter, my argument forces us to rethink the parameters of the generalism-particularism debate. Here I propose to clarify the debate by focusing on its modal rather than extensional aspects. In closing, I outline the sort of generalism that I think is motivated by my discussion, and then articulate some worries this view raises about the theoretical usefulness of the label ‘default reason’.
Thin Film Stresses in TiW/AlCuSi/TiW Sandwich Structures

A highly reliable metallization for high current bipolar integrated circuits was developed with the aid of thin film stress analysis to optimize the process. The final structure was a sandwich layer of TiW and AlCuSi alloy. Film stresses were measured for individual TiW layers as well as for the sandwich layers of TiW/AlCuSi/TiW. In this paper, it will be shown how sputter deposition pressure can drastically affect film stress. For individual TiW layers, the film stress can be varied between compressive and highly tensile by adjusting the Argon pressure. Meanwhile, the AlCuSi layers were always tensile under the normal range of sputtering pressures. By controlling the individual film stresses, a sandwich layer can be designed so that the overall structure has a very low average stress. This work will also show how a TiW capping layer has a major effect on the final average stress of the sandwich structure.
An extraterrestrial impact at the Permian-Triassic boundary?

Becker et al. (1) presented geochemical evidence that suggests that the largest mass extinction in Earth history, at the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) 250 million years ago (Ma), coincided with an extraterrestrial impact comparable in size to the one that likely caused the end-Cretaceous extinctions 65 Ma (2). Although Becker et al. analyzed material from sections in Hungary, Japan, and China, the Hungarian section yielded no extraterrestrial signature, and their identification of the PTB in the Japanese section is questioned in the accompanying comment by Isozaki (below). Thus, only their analyses of the Chinese section provide hitherto uncontested evidence for an impact at the boundary—in the form of data on the abundance and composition of fullerenes in the “boundary clay,” a volcanic ash layer called Bed 25 at Meishan, China (3). Although fullerenes may be purely terrestrial [see, e.g., (4)], Becker et al. report that the fullerenes from the Meishan ash carry extraterrestrial noble gases in the cage structure, rich in ^(3)He and with distinctive ^(3)He/^(36)Ar and ^(40)Ar/^(36)Ar ratios, and that this signature therefore derived from a bolide impact. Here, we report that we are able to detect fullerene-hosted extraterrestrial ^(3)He neither in aliquots of the same Meishan material analyzed by Beckeret al., nor any in samples of a second Chinese PTB section, and that we thus find no evidence for an impact.
Robustness of VCSEL-based WDM-PON using orthogonally polarized injection

We demonstrate a wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network scheme utilizing long wavelength VCSELs under orthogonally polarized optical injection. Robustness to optical feedback for both upstream and downstream data is shown.
Empirical relation for diffusion of gases in hydrocarbon polymers: Interpretation in terms of fractional free volume

An empirical relationship between the diffusion coefficients of gases in three polyethylenes and their diffusion coefficient in natural rubber is given. The diffusion coefficients are given within a relative error of 4.7%. This relationship is interpreted according to the fractional free volume theory. The ratios of the fractional free volumes in the polyethylenes to the fractional free volume in natural rubber are derived.
Modeling the signaling endosome hypothesis: Why a drive to the nucleus is better than a (random) walk

Information transfer from the plasma membrane to the nucleus is a universal cell biological property. Such information is generally encoded in the form of post-translationally modified protein messengers. Textbook signaling models typically depend upon the diffusion of molecular signals from the site of initiation at the plasma membrane to the site of effector function within the nucleus. However, such models fail to consider several critical constraints placed upon diffusion by the cellular milieu, including the likelihood of signal termination by dephosphorylation. In contrast, signaling associated with retrogradely transported membrane-bounded organelles such as endosomes provides a dephosphorylation-resistant mechanism for the vectorial transmission of molecular signals. We explore the relative efficiencies of signal diffusion versus retrograde transport of signaling endosomes. Using large-scale Monte Carlo simulations of diffusing STAT-3 molecules coupled with probabilistic modeling of dephosphorylation kinetics we found that predicted theoretical measures of STAT-3 diffusion likely overestimate the effective range of this signal. Compared to the inherently nucleus-directed movement of retrogradely transported signaling endosomes, diffusion of STAT-3 becomes less efficient at information transfer in spatial domains greater than 200 nanometers from the plasma membrane. Our model suggests that cells might utilize two distinct information transmission paradigms: 1) fast local signaling via diffusion over spatial domains on the order of less than 200 nanometers; 2) long-distance signaling via information packets associated with the cytoskeletal transport apparatus. Our model supports previous observations suggesting that the signaling endosome hypothesis is a subset of a more general hypothesis that the most efficient mechanism for intracellular signaling-at-a-distance involves the association of signaling molecules with molecular motors that move along the cytoskeleton. Importantly, however, cytoskeletal association of membrane-bounded complexes containing ligand-occupied transmembrane receptors and downstream effector molecules provides the ability to regenerate signals at any point along the transmission path. We conclude that signaling endosomes provide unique information transmission properties relevant to all cell architectures, and we propose that the majority of relevant information transmitted from the plasma membrane to the nucleus will be found in association with organelles of endocytic origin.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-4 Expression Is Decreased by Angiotensin II and Thrombin in Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

Abstract —Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a ubiquitous peptide that regulates cellular growth and differentiation and is involved in vascular proliferative responses. The effects of IGF-I are modulated by several IGF-I binding proteins (IGFBPs), including IGFBP-4, the main IGFBP produced by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We have previously shown that angiotensin II (Ang II)–induced and thrombin-induced mitogenesis in VSMCs is dependent on autocrine IGF-I. In addition, we have demonstrated that IGF-I and IGFBP-4 mRNA levels are upregulated in the hypertensive aorta of abdominally coarcted rats, a high-renin hypertension model. To obtain further insight into the IGF-I system and to specifically study changes in IGFBP-4, a known inhibitor of IGF-I action, VSMCs were incubated with Ang II or thrombin. Compared with control, Ang II induced an 87±2% downregulation of IGFBP-4 mRNA levels at 24 hours, with a 61±6% decrease of IGFBP-4 levels, as determined by Western ligand blot analysis. Thrombin had the same depressor effects (87±2% for the mRNA levels and 61±3% for the protein levels). Ang II and thrombin coincubation with 125I-IGFBP-4 in the conditioned media failed to reveal any increase in fragmentation, indicating that proteolytic cleavage of IGFBP-4 was not involved in the observed effects. Exogenous recombinant human IGFBP-4 decreased thrombin-induced DNA synthesis of human aortic VSMCs by 64%, whereas anti–IGFBP-4 antibody potentiated thrombin-induced DNA synthesis. These data suggest that downregulation of IGFBP-4 expression in VSMCs may play a critical role in vascular growth response to Ang II and thrombin in normal and diseased states, by increasing the bioavailability of IGF-I for its cell-surface receptor.
Rotation invariant distance measures for trajectories

For the discovery of similar patterns in 1D time-series, it is very typical to perform a normalization of the data (for example a transformation so that the data follow a zero mean and unit standard deviation). Such transformations can reveal latent patterns and are very commonly used in datamining applications. However, when dealing with multidimensional time-series, which appear naturally in applications such as video-tracking, motion-capture etc, similar motion patterns can also be expressed at different orientations. It is therefore imperative to provide support for additional transformations, such as rotation. In this work, we transform the positional information of moving data, into a space that is translation, scale and rotation invariant. Our distance measure in the new space is able to detect elastic matches and can be efficiently lower bounded, thus being computationally tractable. The proposed methods are easy to implement, fast to compute and can have many applications for real world problems, in areas such as handwriting recognition and posture estimation in motion-capture data. Finally, we empirically demonstrate the accuracy and the efficiency of the technique, using real and synthetic handwriting data.
Inter- and intra-rater reliability of patellofemoral kinematic and contact area quantification by fast spin echo MRI and correlation with cartilage health by quantitative T1ρ MRI.

Background Patellar maltracking is a leading cause of patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). The aim of this study was to determine the inter- and intra-rater reliability of a semi-automated program for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based patellofemoral kinematics.
Strategic Management of Technical Functions

Previously, managers who wanted to assess the technical function's overall strategy have had to content themselves with fragmented, piecemeal approaches. This article provides general managers and technical function managers with a powerful, comprehensive framework encompassing the technical function's mission, objectives, strategic plan, and key policies. The article also discusses the process of adjusting these to changing conditions. The extensive set of indicators and the detailed bibliography will help managers benchmark their technical function's strategic management process.
Pre-existing biases for swords in mollies ( Poecilia )

Pre-existing female biases are female preferences for a particular trait that evolved prior to the evolution of that trait. Phylogenies are needed to show when the preference and trait have originated. In several live-bearing fishes (Poeciliidae), females show pre-existing biases for male swords, a colorful extension of the caudal fin. Here, we investigated the pre-existing bias hypothesis by predicting preferences for a sword in several molly species, including 2 unusual species in the monophyletic subclade Mollienesia: the Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa, a sperm-dependent hybrid form, and the Tamesi molly, Poecilia latipunctata, a species in the long-fin molly clade, that has a short-fin morphology. Using published sequence data available for this family, behavioral approaches, robust phylogenetic analyses, and Bayesian ancestral state reconstructions, we tested whether the hybrid P. formosa has a preference similar to the maternal ancestor, Poecilia mexicana, or the paternal ancestor, Poecilia latipinna. Surprisingly, the preference shown by P. formosa was variable between populations and matched the preference found in the co-occurring host species. In P. latipunctata, we found a pre-existing bias for sworded males, suggesting that this represents an ancestral trait for the long-fin molly clade. On the basis of the combined evidence from multiple studies, it seems as if pre-existing biases for sworded males are relatively basal to poeciliids and that existing phylogenetic relationships allow us to predict sensory biases.
Growth Sensitivity of Corynespora cassiicola to Thiophanate-methyl, Iprodione, and Fludioxonil

Abstract An African violet production facility has relied solely on thiophanate-methyl, a site-specific fungicide that possesses a high risk for pathogens to develop resistance, to manage a devasta...
Effect of vitamin E on lipids

A recent clinical report noted that vitamin E administration was followed by a dramatic elevation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Since HDL-C is inversely associated with coronary heart disease, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of vitamin E administration (800 IU/day) for 16 weeks. The subjects were 30 adults aged 30-60 years, with 15 participants in each group. We measured fasting HDL-C, total cholesterol, and triglycerides at baseline and at 8 and 16 weeks. Vitamin E had no effect on HDL-C; the mean changes at 8 and 16 weeks in the placebo group were -0.3 mg/dL and -2.6 mg/dL, and in the vitamin E group -0.4 and -0.9 mg/dL. Aside from a marginal decrease in calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, at 16 weeks there were no significant differences for any of the lipids. These data, in conjunction with other information in the literature, indicate that vitamin E does not alter plasma lipids in normal adults.
MIMO UWB Radar System with Compressive Sensing.

A multiple input multiple output ultra-wideband cognitive radar based on compressive sensing is presented in this letter. For traditional UWB radar, high sampling rate analog to digital converter at the receiver is required to meet Shannon theorem, which increases hardware complexity. In order to bypass the bottleneck of ADC or further increase the radar bandwidth using the latest wideband ADC, we propose to exploit CS for signal reconstruction at the receiver of UWB radar for the sparse targets in the surveillance area. Besides, the function of narrowband interference cancellation is integrated into the proposed MIMO UWB radar. The field demonstration proves the feasibility and reliability of the proposed algorithm.
Meta-Analysis of the Safety of Sipuleucel-T Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer

 Sipuleucel-T significantly increased the risk of selected adverse events in patients with prostate cancer. Although most of these adverse events were considered to have association with cytokine release, patients and providers should consider the potential risk of treatment with Sipuleucel-T. Limitations  The adverse events may be different for patients with a different disease state.  We evaluated only all grade adverse events. Serious adverse events will be evaluated in a future study. Figure 1. Flow of study selection Table 1. Characteristics of the studies included
An Experimental Test of a Biodynamic Method of Weed Suppression: The Biodynamic Seed Peppers

2015-2016 UNCG University Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund Grant Winner. An experimental test of a biodynamic agriculture method of weed suppression was carried out ingrowth chambers to establish the feasibility of the method as a preliminary to field trials. Fourgenerations of Brassica rapa plants were used in a randomized block design. Treated flatsreceived ashed seeds prepared according to biodynamic indications. Seed weight and countswere measured at the end of each generation, and germination of the control and experimentalseed was investigated at the end of generation four. The biodynamic seed peppers, created andapplied as described here, had no effect on seed production or viability, and did not effectivelyinhibit reproduction of the targeted species over the course of four consecutive treatments.
Breeding and Application of New Late Hybrid Rice Combination T You 277 with High Yield and Good Quality

T You 277,T98A/R277,is a new late-cropping indica hybrid rice combination developed by Hunan Rice Research Institute.It shows high and stable yield potential.In Hunan provincial regional trials for late rice in 2007 and 2008,it yielded 7.67 t/hm2 on average,5.50% higher than the check hybrid Weiyou 46,and matured in 117.6 days on average,3.4 days earlier than the check.Its grain quality meets to the 3rd class of standards for food rice varieties on NY/T 593-2002.In March,2009,it was certified and released to commercial production by Hunan Provincial Crop Variety Appraisal Committee.
Structure Stability Analysis of Linear Dimensionless Methods

For the problem of coexistence of multiple dimensionless methods without standard discrimination rule,we study the stability of a few linear dimensionless methods,and propose a new dimensionless method.First,we analyze stability from the aspect of"noise interference",that is the effect to dimensionless results for"extreme value"appearing.Then,we define a stability measure and develop the normalized simulation policy for surveying dimensionless methods stability based on Monte Carlo simulation.We use it to analyze and compare dimensionless methods stability and generalize several conclusions.We thus propose a new dimensionless method with higher stability as well.
Polyribonucleotide inhibition of murine leukemia virus replication: effect of strandedness.

We have previously reported on the structure-activity relationships of polyribonucleotides as inhibitors of murine leukemia virus replication in cultured cells. These studies raised the possibility that the active form of otherwise single-stranded polyribonucleotides may be a multistranded structure. We have now compared the inhibitory potencies of double- and triple-stranded complexes of poly(adenylic acid) and poly(uridylic acid) with those of single-stranded poly(adenylic acid) and poly(uridylic acid). We find that poly(adenylic acid) · poly(uridylic acid) and poly(adenylic acid). 2 poly(uridylic acid) are considerably less potent than uncomplexed poly(adenylic acid) and poly(uridylic acid). These results suggest that the inhibitory potential of polyribonucleotides does not reside in a multistranded structure but in a single-stranded molecule. These observations are consistent with the notion that the inhibition of RNA tumor virus replication by single-stranded polyribonucleotides is more likely to be due to their effect on reverse transcription than on interferon induction.
When We Say U.S. TM, We Mean It!

Trademark law is traditionally about the commercial use of words, signs, and symbols. Where once trademark was something of a specialist subject, it –– along with other forms of intellectual property –– now finds itself occupying a greater role in both legal and public consciousness. But, much like many famous brands that find themselves appearing in new and unexpected contexts, trademark-like ideas are being appropriated for new uses.As nations increasingly see "branding" themselves to be part of their national interest, pressure is growing to create trademark or trademark-like protection for country names, especially online. Although arguments for this new right come in various forms, the most substantial is the one championed by South Africa, which essentially asserts that some online addresses –– amounting to virtual cultural property –– are being expropriated by people who had the good fortune to live in countries that were early adopters of the Internet.The argument that public international law should give special protection to a new class of virtual cultural property has a certain degree of appeal. It fits within three trends at once: (1) the trend towards recognizing the claims of indigenous peoples to prevent the uncompensated foreign exploitation of their traditional cultural property, (2) the ongoing expansion of intellectual property rights, and (3) the growing recognition of the increasing importance of rights in digital property in general and virtual property in particular. Rather than attempting to survey these three major trends, this short paper takes them largely as given. Instead, this Paper concentrates on identifying to what extent this claim of right is rooted in international law.Although the claim to control the use of a country name is not utterly without support in international law, this Paper suggests that the claim that governments have a trademark-like right in their country names –– or in particular representations of their country names –– is not grounded in existing concepts of international law, and it also suggests that the case for making new law in this area is ultimately not persuasive.
Analysis of internal and external thermal resistances of heat pipes including fins using a three-dimensional numerical simulation

Abstract A complete thermal network analysis for a cylindrical heat pipe is presented and the dominant thermal resistances are identified. The proposed numerical model was developed to simulate heat pipe operation and has been verified for both low and high applications including heat sources and sinks as a single-domain conjugate problem. Steady-state and transient solution methods were performed for a three-dimensional heat pipe with a compressible vapor core and a wick governed by pure conduction. The numerical model accounts for the full external coolant domain, with and without external fins on the condenser, to investigate their influence on the thermal resistance network. The numerical results indicate that the overall heat pipe thermal resistances can be predicted with as little as 1%–28% variation from empirical correlations, based on the choice of heat pipe dimensions, materials and operating conditions. It was found that the vapor core thermal resistance can become significant as the operating temperature increases, however, the largest thermal resistances are those corresponding to the external heat transfer fluids.
Controlling quantum phenomena with photonic reagents

Publisher Summary The efforts at controlling molecular dynamics and other quantum phenomena with lasers have a history going back to the early 1960s. This quest has followed a torturous evolution, but recent years have seen dramatic successes beginning to emerge. These laboratory advances utilize shaped ultra-fast laser pulses as a special class of photonic reagents having a fleeting existence, but with the capability of permanently altering molecules and materials in specific ways. Theoretical concepts and modeling are providing the basis for directing and analyzing the experiments. Although the attempts at photonic reagent control of quantum dynamics is a subject with a 40-year history, the field may be viewed as just a few years young given only the recent emergence of successful experiments on physically and chemically interesting systems. It is anticipated that theory and modeling will continue to play leading roles in the further development of this field.
Motion Amplifiers: Sketching Dynamic Illustrations Using the Principles of 2D Animation

We present a sketching tool for crafting animated illustrations that contain the exaggerated dynamics of stylized 2D animations. The system provides a set of motion amplifiers which implement a set of established principles of 2D animation. These amplifiers break down a complex animation effect into independent, understandable chunks. Each amplifier imposes deformations to an underlying grid, which in turn updates the corresponding strokes. Users can combine these amplifiers at will when applying them to an existing animation, promoting rapid experimentation. By leveraging the freeform nature of sketching, our system allows users to rapidly sketch, record motion, explore exaggerated dynamics using the amplifiers, and fine-tune their animations. Practical results confirm that users with no prior experience in animation can produce expressive animated illustrations quickly and easily.
Changing Places: A Dual Judgment Model of Empathy Gaps in Emotional Perspective Taking

Abstract Emotional perspective taking involves people's attempts to estimate the attitudes, preferences, and behaviors of other people who are in different emotional situations. We propose a dual judgment model in which perspective takers first predict what their own reactions would be to different emotional situations, and, second, adjust these self-predictions to accommodate perceived differences between themselves and others. Prior literature has focused on egocentric biases in the second judgment, perceived differences and similarities between the self and others. We propose that significant errors in emotional perspective taking often arise from the first judgment, people’s predictions of what their own attitudes, preferences, and behaviors would be in different emotional situations. Specifically, people exhibit “empathy gaps,” underestimating how much emotional situations influence their own attitudes, preferences, and behaviors. We review evidence that provides support for (a) the dual judgment model of emotional perspective taking, (b) the occurrence of empathy gaps in self-predictions, and (c) the occurrence of empathy gaps in social predictions that are mediated by empathy gaps in self-judgments. We discuss implications of empathy gaps in emotional perspective taking for social behavior, social judgment, and for other forms of perspective taking and affective forecasting.
One Goal, Two Institutions: How a Community College and 4-Year University Partner to Bridge Student College Readiness Gaps

ABSTRACTRecent national attention on college completion poses unique challenges and opportunities for community colleges. Moving underprepared students through basic skills educational courses to degree attainment represents an ongoing challenge. With more than 60% of community college students enrolled in remedial education, 2-year institutions must explore innovative approaches aimed at underprepared student completion. One community college did just that and partnered with a 4-year institution to expand postsecondary pathway options for underprepared first-year students. By establishing the Tiger Gateway Program, these two institutions collaborated to address student college readiness gaps using a summer bridge model. Seventy-five percent of participants self-reported as Hispanic/Latino with the remaining 25% identifying as African American or Black. Outcomes indicate participants who completed the program, 23 of 26, made gains in intellectual, academic, and social development. Findings support scholar...
Effects of in-home tele-rehabilitation on task self-efficacy in mobility impaired adults

A randomized controlled pre-post intervention study was undertaken to assess changes in task self-efficacy after a four-week intervention protocol. The intervention groups received once-weekly, one-hour therapy sessions targeting 3 mobility and 3 transfer tasks delivered either by Traditional In-Home Therapy or remote interactive Tele-Technology. Participants completed a 10-item, Likert scale measure of task self-efficacy at enrollment and after four weeks. Overall the intervention groups had a statistically significant increase in self-efficacy compared to the control. Comparisons between the two treatment delivery methods showed a medium standardized effect size (SES) in both groups compared to controls, although it did not reach statistical significance for the Tele group (SES Tele 0.35 [-2.5-.95]; Trad 0.54 [0.06-1.14]). Although further study is needed, this trend towards increased self-efficacy irrespective of the mode of rehabilitation delivery suggests that tele-rehabilitation can be a viable alternative to traditional in-home therapy.
Doxorubicin-Induced Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy

Doxorubicin is one of several water-soluble anthracenedione glycoside antibiotics produced by and originally isolated from Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius (Arcamone et al., U.S. patent 3,590,028, 1971, by Farmitalia). The molecule consists of a highly hydroxylated planar tetracycline quinone that is glycosylated to a characteristic duanosamine sugar residue. Mild acid hydrolysis yields the water-soluble amino sugar and waterinsoluble biologically active aglycone, which are easily separated by thin-layer or reversephase liquid chromatography. The structure of doxorubicin is illustrated in Figure 1. Doxorubicin is one of the most widely prescribed antineoplastic agents in the United States, mostly because of its potent, broad-spectrum activity against both solid tumors and leukemias. It is particularly useful in causing regression of disseminated neoplasms, such as lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukemias, neuroblastomas, bone marrow sarcomas, and malignant lymphomas. It is also effective against various carcinomas, including those of the breast, bladder, and thyroid. The therapeutic activity of doxorubicin is attributed to intercalation of the planar anthracycline ring into the DNA double helix, which inhibits DNA replication and transcription by interfering with the reading fidelity of both DNA and RNA polymerases. Alternatively, the cytostatic effect may reflect formation of sequencespecific DNA complexes that are highly susceptible to cleavage by topoisomerase II (Zunino and Capranico, 1990). Regardless, DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis are all inhibited, and as might be expected, cells are most sensitive during S-phase of the cell cycle. At low doses cell proliferation proceeds to at which time cell death occurs.
Visual Expressions of Black Identity: African American and African Museum Websites

This qualitative and quantitative content analysis examines 46 African and African American museum websites. Merelman's cultural projection concept serves as a foundation to explain the societal importance of Black cultural expression. The analysis reviews how the African- and African American-centric organizations communicate Black and organizational identities on their digital platforms. Described are images, sound, and visual dynamism. The findings add to the literature on counterstereotypes and digital cultural expression, linking visual communication research with intercultural communication and strategic communication.
The First Hop: Use of Beaufort Sea Deltas by Hatch-Year Semipalmated Sandpipers

River deltas along Alaska’s Beaufort Sea coast are used by hatch-year semipalmated sandpipers (Calidris pusilla) after leaving their terrestrial natal sites, but the drivers of their use of these stopover sites on the first “hop” of fall migration are unknown. We quantified sandpiper temporal distribution and abundance as related to food resources at three river deltas during the beginning of their fall migration (post-breeding period) to compare the habitat quality among these deltas. We conducted population counts, sampled invertebrates, and captured birds to collect blood samples from individuals for triglyceride and stable isotope analyses to determine fattening rates and diet. Patterns of sandpiper and invertebrate abundance were complex and varied among deltas and within seasons. River deltas were used by sandpipers from late July to late August, and peak sandpiper counts ranged from 1000 to 4000 individuals, of which 98% were hatch-year semipalmated sandpipers. Isotopic signatures from blood plasma samples indicated that birds switched from a diet of upland tundra to delta invertebrate taxa as the migration season progressed, suggesting a dependence on delta invertebrates. Despite differences in diet among deltas, we found no differences in fattening rates of juvenile sandpipers as indicated by triglyceride levels. The number of sandpipers was positively associated with abundance of Amphipoda and Oligochaeta at the Jago and Okpilak-Hulahula deltas; an isotopic mixing model indicated that sandpipers consumed Amphipoda and Oligochaeta at Jago, mostly Chironomidae at Okpilak-Hulahula and Spionidae at Canning. Regardless of the difference in sandpiper diets at the Beaufort Sea deltas, their similar fattening rates throughout the season indicate that all of these stopover sites provide a critical food resource for hatch-year sandpipers beginning their first migration.
MobiQoR: Pushing the Envelope of Mobile Edge Computing Via Quality-of-Result Optimization

Mobile edge computing aims at improving application response time and energy efficiency by deploying data processing at the edge of the network. Due to the proliferation of Internet of Things and interactive applications, the ever-increasing demand for low latency calls for novel approaches to further pushing the envelope of mobile edge computing beyond existing task offloading and distributed processing mechanisms. In this paper, we identify a new tradeoff between Quality-of-Result (QoR) and service response time in mobile edge computing. Our key idea is motivated by the observation that a growing set of edge applications involving media processing, machine learning, and data mining can tolerate some level of quality loss in the computed result. By relaxing the need for highest QoR, significant improvement in service response time can be achieved. Toward this end, we present a novel optimization framework, MobiQoR, which minimizes service response time and app energy consumption by jointly optimizing the QoR of all edge nodes and the offloading strategy. The proposed MobiQoR is prototyped using Parse, an open source mobile back-end tool, on Android smartphones. Using representative applications including face recognition and movie recommendation, our evaluation with real-world datasets shows that MobiQoR reduces response time and energy consumption by up to 77% (in face recognition) and 189.3% (in movie recommendation) over existing strategies under the same level of QoR relaxation.
Relational Health in Transitions: Female Adolescents in Chemical Dependency Treatment.

BACKGROUND Adolescent substance use (SU) remains a serious problem. Inpatient, primary care, and self-treatment models for chemical dependency (CD) yield varying degrees of success impacting the sequelae of chronic or episodic SU. Relational engagement among adolescent substance users is a long known influential factor in the development, maintenance and transformation of addictive behaviors. OBJECTIVES Following tenets of Relational-Cultural Theory and using the Relational Health Indices for Youth (RHI-Y), a validated survey tool for adolescents, we sought to measure relational health (RH) during times of transitions during CD treatment. This article addresses use of the tool and its potential for improving addictions research and practice. METHODS During 2015-2017 we explored differences in RH scores in adolescent girls entering inpatient CD treatment at three points: 51 at admission, 39 at discharge, and 13 at 3 months post-discharge. Data were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model to compare changes in domain scores of RH. RESULTS Changes in RH scores were significant in the friend domain, but not the mentor and community domains. The RHI-Y shows promise in discerning RH change during transitions in CD treatment.
An instrumental variable approach to distinguishing perceptions from preferences for beer brands

Recent developments in behavioral economics have prompted interest in identifying how product perceptions and beliefs influence decision making. Using a branded discrete choice experiment for beer, this article uses the control function approach and plausible instruments to correct for the endogeneity problem in a way that is applicable in a wide range of circumstances. Even after correction, we find that perceptions substantially affect consumer choices. In the context of brand equity for beer brands, we find that the perceived taste and brand familiarity are key determinants of choice.
The dichotomous nature of dose enhancement by gold nanoparticle aggregates in radiotherapy.

Aim In nanoparticle-aided radiotherapy, the computational paradigm has been that inside the cell, nanoparticles are distributed sparsely and solitarily. However, experiments reveal significant cluster formation, which affects radiosensitization and must be considered in clinical treatment planning. We characterize the impact of gold nanoparticle agglomeration on the predicted radiation dose enhancement as function of size, geometry, morphology and incident beam energy. Materials & methods Next-generation coupled electron-photon deterministic computations were performed using subnanometric unstructured spatial mesh. Results Unlike single nanoparticles, agglomerates develop two types of dose enhancement, smooth peripheral distributions and isolated hotspots, which depend on the cluster size and geometry in opposite ways. Conclusion The peripheral dose enhancement may have less importance than the hotspots, which can have greater contribution to cell kill via radical creation. Hence, aggregate formation may be beneficial in nanoparticle-aided radiotherapy.
Speaking up about hand hygiene failures: A vignette survey study among healthcare professionals

Background Speaking up by healthcare professionals (HCPs) is an important resource to reduce risks to patient safety. Due to complex tradeoffs, HCPs are often reluctant to voice their concerns. A survey investigated HCPs' likelihood to speak up. Methods A cross-sectional survey study among HCPs in 5 Swiss hospitals addressed speaking-up behaviors, safety climate, and likelihood to speak up about poor hand hygiene practice described in a vignette. Likelihood to speak up was analyzed using a multilevel regression model. Results Of surveyed HCPs (n = 1217), 56% reported that they would speak up to a colleague with poor hand hygiene practice. Nurses as compared to doctors rated the situation as more realistic (5.25 vs 4.32, P Conclusions Infection control interventions should empower HCPs to speak up about non-adherence with prevention practices by addressing authority gradients and risk perceptions and by focusing on resignation.
What Action Causes This? Towards Naive Physical Action-Effect Prediction.

Despite recent advances in knowledge representation, automated reasoning, and machine learning, artificial agents still lack the ability to understand basic action-effect relations regarding the physical world, for example, the action of cutting a cucumber most likely leads to the state where the cucumber is broken apart into smaller pieces. If artificial agents (e.g., robots) ever become our partners in joint tasks, it is critical to empower them with such action-effect understanding so that they can reason about the state of the world and plan for actions. Towards this goal, this paper introduces a new task on naive physical action-effect prediction, which addresses the relations between concrete actions (expressed in the form of verb-noun pairs) and their effects on the state of the physical world as depicted by images. We collected a dataset for this task and developed an approach that harnesses web image data through distant supervision to facilitate learning for action-effect prediction. Our empirical results have shown that web data can be used to complement a small number of seed examples (e.g., three examples for each action) for model learning. This opens up possibilities for agents to learn physical action-effect relations for tasks at hand through communication with humans with a few examples.