cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Alternative Foldover Plans for Two-Level Nonregular Designs

Foldover is a classic technique used to select follow-up experimental runs when an initial experiment yields ambiguities. While foldover has been soundly investigated for regular designs, less research has been devoted to this technique for nonregular designs. Previous work focuses on the use of the generalized minimum aberration criterion to obtain optimal foldover plans. In contrast, this article utilizes the concept of minimal dependent sets (MDSs) and associated criteria to rank foldovers of nonregular designs. We propose an integer programming-based solution to aid in the location and enumeration of MDSs. MDS-optimal foldovers for selected nonregular designs are presented and discussed.
Spatially-confined arterial spin-labeling with FAIR.

Purpose To investigate the effectiveness of slab-selective inversion in pulsed arterial spin labeling with body coil excitation as a means to reduce large vessel contamination of the perfusion signal. Materials and Methods Studies were conducted by varying the tagging width in multislice flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) in conjunction with body coil excitation on a Siemens Sonata whole-body 1.5-T scanner. The results of spatially-confined tagging were then compared with conventional nonselective tagging in the presence and absence of a bipolar gradient crusher pair in order to determine the effectiveness of suppressing vascular signal and to estimate the bolus width that reaches the capillary bed. Results It is shown in five volunteers, ages 23–38 years, that depending on the average velocity of the arterial blood flow in the tagging region, a bolus of 6–8 cm in width reaches the capillary bed at a fixed inversion time TI of 1.4 seconds, while a bolus of 11.2–16.5 cm in width enters the imaging region. Further, noticeable velocity differences have been found among the participating subjects, with averages ranging from 10.1 to 13.9 cm/second. Conclusion The data suggest that it is advantageous to replace nonselective global tagging in FAIR perfusion imaging with body coil excitation by spatially-confined tagging to reduce undesired residual tagged blood in large vessels. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:119–124. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Middle school students' attitudes toward physical education

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine middle school students’ attitudes toward physical education using an attitude instrument grounded in attitude theory. In addition, this investigation also sought to ascertain if gender and grade level influence student attitudes toward the subject matter. Participants for this study were 995 students from grades 6 to 8. A previously validated attitude instrument based on a two-component view of attitude with scores that showed evidence of reliability and validity was used. Overall all students had moderately positive attitudes toward physical education. There was, however, a decline in attitude scores as students progressed in grade level. Higher grades had lower mean scores.
Clinical information systems

A great deal has transpired in Clinical Information Systems during the past year. Hospital Information Systems are becoming sufficiently sophisticated that they are now being used as integrated system management tools. More and more hospitals and clinics are installing electronic medical record systems. A number of major medical groups have also begun to mine there extensive medical data records to see if this information can assist them in making better clinical decisions. Finally people are beginning to look at the organizational impact of information technology on health care delivery. The papers in this section touch on each of these topics and present some interesting observations on cutting edge developments in these areas. The first paper by Panko and associates at the University of Illinois describe three technologies for extracting information from the unstructured medical text of reports and narrative portions of the Electronic Medical Record. They delineate three potentially complementary technologies: Markup Languages (such as Standard Generalized Markup Language), Concept Spaces and JAVA to accomplish this goal. The next two papers look at the use of computer data bases for clinical trials and preventive screening. Grutter and his colleagues from the University of St. Gallen introduce the concept of the "knowledge medium" which they define as a platform for the exchange and management of knowledge within a specific community of agents. Such
Comparison of oral pentazocine, oral diazepam and intramuscular pentazocine for paediatric premedication

Oral pentazocine-atropine, oral diazepam-atropine and IM pentazocine-atropine were compared as preoperative medication in children. Observations in 300 children ages 1–14 years included the emotional state at lime of induction of anaesthesia, smoothness of induction, dryness of oral mucosa and tongue, incidence of vomiting, and emotional state and length of stay in the recovery room. The incidence of a calm stale at the time of induction and smoothness of induction of anaesthesia was the same following oral and IM premedication. There was satisfactory drying of salivary secretions. The incidence of vomiting in the recovery room was the same following oral and IM premedication. However, children in age groups 1-4 and5-9years who received diazepam-atropine were more restless in the recovery room than those who received oral or IM penlaiocine-atropine. More children in groups 1-4 and5-9years who received IM pentazocine-atropine stayed longer in the recovery room. We conclude that oral diazepam-atropine and oral pentazocine-atropine are comparable as to preoperative medication IM pentazocine-atropine andthat they can be given as an alternate to intramuscular injection.
Chemistry, physics, and engineering of electrically percolating arrays of nanoparticles: a mini review

Nanoparticles and their arrays do not obey Ohm's law, even when the particles are made of metal, because of their small size. The non-Ohmic behavior is due to their low capacitance that allows (local) storage of charge at the single electron level to pose a substantial barrier to the passage of current at bias, V, below a threshold voltage, VT. The VT is inversely proportional to the size of the particle. For a typical <10 nm particle, the electrostatic barrier energy of the particle due to charging by a single electron is significantly larger compared to the thermal energy, affecting a substantial Coulomb blockade. The signature of the single electron effect is a highly non-linear current-bias behavior characterized by a critical point at VT with a subsequent rise in current that scales as (V/VT − 1)ζ, where ζ ≥ 1 is the critical exponent. We review the fabrication chemistry, device physics, and engineering applications of nanoparticle-based Single Electron Devices with architectures ranging from a single nanoparticle to arrays in one and two dimensions. The arrays are particularly interesting due to their natural integrability with microelectronic circuitry and robust single electron behavior at room temperature. These features open doors to a broad range of potential applications, such as chemical sensors, biomedical devices, data storage devices, and energy devices.
Effects of Light Induced Degradation on the Distribution of Deep Defects in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon-Germanium Alloys.

Although a-Si,Ge:H alloys have been increasingly studied in recent years because of their desired tunable band gaps for application in tandem solar cells, the relation between the mid gap defects with solar cell performance is still not completely clear. The authors have characterized the defect state structure in a series of device quality glow discharge produced a-Si,Ge:H alloys with Ge content ranging from 30 at.% to 50 at.% using capacitance profiling, modulated photocurrent, transient junction photocurrent and photocapacitance measurements. As previously reported, these methods allows one to identify two types of thermally induced defect transitions plus two types of optical transitions from deep defects. In the current study the authors have examined the changes in these defects, along with the changes in the hole mobility-time products, that result from prolonged light exposure. By comparing these changes in the annealed state and light soaked state of the same sample, they attempt to correlate the changes in defects with the hole mobility-time product. In general, although all of the defect bands are found to increase after light soaking, the relative factor is found to be different for the various defect transitions within the same sample. The authors also try to identify amore » defect bands may be acting as a safe electron trap, enhancing the lifetime of the minority carriers. They propose that the observed decrease of this defect band relative to the midgap defect band with light soaking could be a significant factor in determining the degradation of these a-Si,Ge:H alloys in the device performance.« less
Fusing multimodal biometrics with quality estimates via a Bayesian belief network

Biometric systems for today's high security applications must meet stringent performance requirements; fusing multiple biometrics can help lower system error rates. Fusion methods include processing biometric modalities sequentially until an acceptable match is obtained, using logical (AND/OR) operations, or summing similarity scores. More sophisticated methods combine scores from separate classifiers for each modality. This paper develops a novel fusion architecture based on Bayesian belief networks. Although Bayesian update methods have been used before, our approach more fully exploits the graphical structure of Bayes nets to define and explicitly model statistical dependencies between relevant variables: per sample measurements, such as match scores and corresponding quality estimates, and global decision variables. These statistical dependencies are in the form of conditional distributions which we model as Gaussian, gamma, log-normal or beta, each of which is determined by its mean and variance, thus significantly reducing training data requirements. Moreover, by conditioning decision variables on quality as well as match score, we can extract information from lower quality measurements rather than rejecting them out of hand. Another feature of our method is a global quality measure designed to be used as a confidence estimate supporting decision making. Preliminary studies using the architecture to fuse fingerprints and voice are reported.
The Bank of the Future

In the 1980s and beyond, key elements in the formula for bank retailing success will include people, place, plastic and machine strategies designed to effectively mix high‐touch and high‐tech operating modes in order to satisfy customer demand for time and place convenience. A scenario depicting the extensive delivery system of a fictional major multi‐state banking organisation that has evolved through a series of regional mergers and acquisitions (First Southeast Financial) attempts to speculate about the look of an overall delivery system in 1990, and how the operating mix elements will fit together.
Recombination centers in phosphorous doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon

Abstract Optical absorption below the mobility gap of a -SiH x :P films is derived from photoconductivity measurements and interpreted in terms of optical transitions from occupied localized states in the exponential valence band tail and dangling bond states 0.8 eV above the valence band edge to unoccupied free electron conduction band states. Collection efficiency measurements of Schottky barrier structures indicate that P doping introduces centers with large capture cross-section for holes.
Experimental oral transmission of largemouth bass virus

Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) is a recently discovered iridovirus that causes a fatal disease of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede). Fish can become infected by waterborne LMBV, but oral transmission of this virus has not been demonstrated previously. Largemouth bass were gavaged with guppies, Poecilia reticulata Peters, which had been injected with LMBV, and then sampled periodically during a 7-week observation period. The dose of LMBV averaged 10 5 . 6 tissue culture infectious doses - 50% cytopathic endpoint (TCID 5 0 ) per largemouth bass. Five of 24 largemouth bass exposed to LMBV became infected with the virus, but none of the fish had clinical signs typical of LMBV disease. Virus titres in largemouth bass were highest in swim bladder (10 5 . 5 - 9 . 5 TCID 5 0 g - 1 ) and were 10 5 . 2 TCID 5 0 g - 1 or lower in cutaneous mucus, head kidney, trunk kidney, spleen, gonad and intestine. These results indicate that LMBV can be transmitted orally to largemouth bass, but further study is needed to determine the factors affecting pathogenicity of the virus.
The Politics of Localness: Scale-Bridging Ties and Legitimacy in Regional Resource Management Partnerships

Building on research on identity and representation in collaborative resource management (CRM), this article compares individual stakeholders' uses of multiple affiliations representing different scales and ways of knowing in regional CRM partnerships. Researchers have critiqued regional resource management partnerships for being “too regional” and “too organizational” to engage communities effectively. Using intensive interviews and document analysis in two partnerships facing resistance to regional-scale resource management, I find that stakeholders in each partnership use multiple affiliations to construct hybrid professional and volunteer identities. Active advertisement of these scale-bridging ties, or individual affiliations with organizations of different scales, enhances the legitimacy of regional-scale partnerships by demonstrating their grounding in place-based social networks and collaborative action. This finding should enhance researcher understandings of mechanisms of “localization” in regio...
Deconstructing memory in Drosophila

Unlike most organ systems, which have evolved to maintain homeostasis, the brain has been selected to sense and adapt to environmental stimuli by constantly altering interactions in a gene network that functions within a larger neural network. This unique feature of the central nervous system provides a remarkable plasticity of behavior, but also makes experimental investigations challenging. Each experimental intervention ramifies through both gene and neural networks, resulting in unpredicted and sometimes confusing phenotypic adaptations. Experimental dissection of mechanisms underlying behavioral plasticity ultimately must accomplish an integration across many levels of biological organization, including genetic pathways acting within individual neurons, neural network interactions which feed back to gene function, and phenotypic observations at the behavioral level. This dissection will be more easily accomplished for model systems such as Drosophila, which, compared with mammals, have relatively simple and manipulable nervous systems and genomes. The evolutionary conservation of behavioral phenotype and the underlying gene function ensures that much of what we learn in such model systems will be relevant to human cognition. In this essay, we have not attempted to review the entire Drosophila memory field. Instead, we have tried to discuss particular findings that provide some level of intellectual synthesis across three levels of biological organization: behavior, neural circuitry and biochemical pathways. We have attempted to use this integrative approach to evaluate distinct mechanistic hypotheses, and to propose critical experiments that will advance this field.
Flexibility and nucleation in sickle Hemoglobin

We have studied the self-assembly of Hemoglobin C-Harlem (HbC-Harlem), a double mutant of hemoglobin that possesses the beta6 Glu-->Val mutation of sickle hemoglobin (HbS) plus beta73 Asp-->Asn. By electron microscopy we find it forms crystals, rather than the wrapped multistranded fibers seen in HbS. Fourier transforms of the crystals yield unit cell parameters indistinguishable from crystals of HbS. Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy and birefringence also show crystal formation rather than the polymers or domains seen for HbS, while the growth patterns showed radiating crystal structures rather than simple linear crystalline forms. The solubility of the assembly was measured using a photolytic micromethod over a temperature range of 17-31 degrees C in 0.15 M phosphate buffer and found to be essentially the same as that of fibers of HbS. The assembly kinetics were observed by photolysis of the carbon monoxide derivative, and the mass of assembled hemoglobin was found to grow exponentially, with onset times that were stochastically distributed for small volumes. The stochastic onset of assembly showed strong concentration dependence, similar to but slightly greater than that seen in sickle hemoglobin nucleation. These observations suggest that like HbS, HbC-Harlem assembly proceeds by a homogeneous nucleation process, followed by heterogeneous nucleation. However, relative to HbS, both homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation are suppressed by almost 11 orders of magnitude. The slowness of nucleation can be reconciled with the similarity of the solubility to HbS by an increase in contact energy coupled with a decrease in vibrational entropy recovered on assembly. This also explains the linearity of the double-strands, and agrees with the chemical nature of the structural replacement.
Celiac plexus/splanchnic nerve blocks

Abstract The recognition that splanchnic nerve block may provide relief of pain in a subset of patients who fail to obtain relief from celiac plexus block has led to a renewed interest in this technique. One distinct advantage of splanchnic nerve block over celiac plexus block is since the nerves are contained in a narrow compartment, they are accessible for radiofrequency lesioning. In this report the technique of celiac plexus and splanchnic nerve blocks is described. A new technique of radiofrequency of splanchnic nerves is discussed with its advantages and early data. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
Modified Landau-Lifshitz equation for ferromagnetism

Abstract Micromagnetic evolution is described by the classical Landau-Lifshitz equation. Here we modify the law to represent a rate-independent model of ferromagnetic hysteresis, which also accounts for dry friction in domain-wall displacement due to magnetic inclusions. This generalizes the standard scalar relay, and can be used to construct a new vectorial Preisach-type model of ferromagnetic hysteresis.
Modeling and measuring multiprogramming and system overheads on a shared-memory multiprocessor: case study

The present discussion of methods for quantifying multiprogramming (MP) overhead on a computer system illustrates two such techniques, respectively for quantifying MP overheads' lower bound and determining the MP overload of real workloads, in light of the percentage of parallel processing time that is consumed by MP overhead on Alliant multiprocessors. Kernel lock spinning is found to be a major factor in MP overhead, which accounts for more than half of total system overhead. It is noted that parallel environments' MP overhead is not statistically dependent on the number of parallel jobs undergoing multiprogramming.
Dirac-harmonic equations for differential forms

Abstract In this paper, we introduce the Dirac-harmonic equation for differential forms and prove some basic norm inequalities, including the Caccioppoli-type inequality, Poincare-type inequality and the weak reverse Holder inequality for the solutions of this kind of differential equations.
Blind study on the action of digitoxin on elderly women

Abstract In 11 elderly women, all in normal rhythm, and some with manifest heart disease, digitoxin and control periods, each of about a month's duration, were alternated. In 6 patients who had been taking digitoxin daily for many years, the drug was withdrawn. A few acute experiments were made. Both the patients and the observers were “blind”; the latter attempted to identify digitoxin action both by the ordinary clinical observations, and by records of the ULF force BCG and the carotid pulse derivative. The results were completely negative. Neither subjects nor observers could distinguish between the digitoxin and control periods. Statistical analysis disclosed no significant differences. Surprised by the negative results, the authors asked the Food and Drug Administration to test the digitoxin used; it met all official chemical and biological requirements, although it had failed to stimulate the frog heart in a type of test now discarded. In the great majority of our subjects, their hearts, though not stimulated by digitalis, were markedly stimulated by mild exercise. This demonstrates clearly: (1) that our failure to demonstrate digitoxin action in the majority cannot be attributed to incapacity of elderly hearts to respond to stimulation; (2) that the techniques used were fully capable of demonstrating cardiac stimulation when it occurred. That digitalis glycosides benefit some types of diseased hearts more than others has long been known and all types were not represented in our study. Our negative results do not indicate that such drugs should never be tried in elderly persons in normal rhythm; our studies detected no harm from digitoxin administration. Nevertheless, Mackenzie's skeptical view is strongly upheld by our negative results, and our findings contrast sharply with the therapeutic expectations of many doctors.
Patterning of mammalian somites by surface ectoderm and notochord: Evidence for sclerotome induction by a hedgehog homolog

An early step in the development of vertebrae, ribs, muscle, and dermis is the differentiation of the somitic mesoderm into dermomyotome dorsally and sclerotome ventrally. To analyze this process, we have developed an in vitro assay for somitic mesoderm differentiation. We show that sclerotomal markers can be induced by a diffusible factor secreted by notochord and floor plate and that heterologous cells expressing Sonic hedgehog (shh/vhh-1) mimic this effect. In contrast, expression of dermomyotomal markers can be caused by a contact-dependent signal from surface ectoderm and a diffusible signal from dorsal neural tube. Our results extend previous studies by suggesting that dorsoventral patterning of somites involves the coordinate action of multiple dorsalizing and ventralizing signals and that a diffusible form of Shh/Vhh-1 mediates sclerotome induction.
Diagnosing Clostridium difficile disease

Background: While tissue cytotoxic assay (toxin B) for C difficile. has been used to diagnose C. difficile disease (CDD), many hospital labs are moving to rapid commercially available kits that use enzyme immunoassay (EIA) technology.
13. Layout and design criteria for livestock windbreaks

Abstract Proper design of livestock windbreaks is essential for the realization of shelter benefits. The degree of protection required depends on the type of livestock, the type of livestock operation and the climatic conditions. In areas requiring wind and snow protection, windbreak design criteria must provide for wind protection, snow storage, proper drainage for melting snow and ease of access. Windbreaks should have a density of 40–60% with the windward row located 30–60 m from the area needing proctection. When only wind protection is required, density should be increased to 60–80% with the tallest tree row located 2–5 times its height ( h ) from the area needing protection. In all cases, windbreaks should be fenced to exclude livestock. In some situations, artificial barriers or herbaceous barriers can provide effective livestock protection.
Synthesis of Zr-Re-containing polyhydrides by amine elimination

Abstract The reaction between Zr(C5H5)2(X)(NMe2) and ReH7(PPh3)2 results in the production of the heterometallic polyhydrides (C5H5)2Zr(X)[H6Re (PPh3)2] [(I), X = Cl; (II), X = NMe2] with the elimination of HNMe2. Both compounds were characterized spectroscopically and the structure of (I) was determined by X-ray diffraction. Compound (I) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with a = 12.011(4) A, b = 10.151(3) A, c = 33.23(1) A and V = 4051.74 A3. Full-matrix least squares refinement converged at R = 6.55% and Rw = 6.14%. ReH7(PPh3)2 also reacts with Zr(NMe2)4 in a 1:1 or 2:1 mole ratio to produce (NMe2)3Zr[H6Re(PPh3)2] (III) and (NMe22Zr [H6Re(PPh3)2]2 (IV) with the elimination of one or two equivalents of HNMe2, respectively. The structure of (IV) was determined by X-ray diffraction. Compound (IV) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 13.550(6) A, b = 34.13(2) A, c = 14.735(6) A, β = 90.71(2)° and V = 6813.19 A3. Full-matrix least-squares refinement converged at R = 10.4% and Rw = 9.3%. The reactivity of these compounds with simple substrates such as CO and CO2 has been surveyed and compared with that of the previously known Zr-Re polyhydride (C5H5)2Zr(H)[H6Re(PMePh2)2].
Diffusion on a curved surface coupled to diffusion in the volume

An algorithm is presented for solving a diffusion equation on a curved surface coupled to diffusion in the volume, a problem often arising in cell biology. It applies to pixilated surfaces obtained from experimental images and performs at low computational cost. In the method, the Laplace-Beltrami operator is approximated locally by the Laplacian on the tangential plane and then a finite volume discretization scheme based on a Voronoi decomposition is applied. Convergence studies show that mass conservation built in the discretization scheme and cancellation of sampling error ensure convergence of the solution in space with an order between 1 and 2. The method is applied to a cell-biological problem where a signaling molecule, G-protein Rac, cycles between the cytoplasm and cell membrane thus coupling its diffusion in the membrane to that in the cell interior. Simulations on realistic cell geometry are performed to validate, and determine the accuracy of, a recently proposed simplified quantitative analysis of fluorescence loss in photobleaching. The method is implemented within the Virtual Cell computational framework freely accessible at www.vcell.org.
L'inspecteur Ali: the spoken woman in the writing of Driss Chraïbi

L'inspecteur Ali, published in 1991 by Driss Chraibi, presents us with a problematic view of language and the craft of writing. Brahim Orourke, a protagonist who easily serves as a double of Chraibi himself, is the writer of bestselling detective novels who returns to Morocco after a long stay in France. Torn between vernacular Arabic and written French, the writer feels displaced and is unable to continue his novel. As he attempts to establish ties to an ‘authentic’ Moroccan ‘popular’ culture from which he feels estranged, Orourke questions the value of his chosen metier and his own sense of place. The writer's silence is soon challenged by the voice of Saadiya, his illiterate cleaning lady. Despite the communicative barriers presented by class and gender, it is she who performs a kind of cultural translation for Brahim Orourke: she presents a point of entry to a cultural landscape which eludes the protagonist. Indeed, Saadiya's oral mode of communication favours an aurality and spontaneity which writing...
Demagnetisation phenomena in high-performance d.c. servomotors

The paper describes the experimental results obtained from mounting Hall plates in the airgap of a high-performance permanent-magnet d.c. machine. It is found that the flux-density distribution over the pole face during transient operating conditions is nonuniform. These results suggest that the conventional single-recoil-line theory is deficient, and that each point on the surface of the permanent-magnet material operates along a separate recoil line. The spread of these recoil lines in the second quadrant is particularly significant if the armature of the machine is subjected to reversals, and the permanent-magnet poles are only short-circuit stabilised.
WAVE PROPAGATION IN STRESSED COMPOSITES

High temperature composites have potential for significant performance improvement and weight reduction in aircraft engines and other structures. For successful application of these materials in different environments their mechanical properties, life capability and reliability must be well known. Thus NDE of composite structures becomes very important.
Apoptosis in neuroendocrine tumours

Acquired resistance to apoptosis in neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) may promote clonal expansion and enhance the likelihood that subsequent mutations lead to growth or persistence of the neoplastic clone. Recent studies have demonstrated that deregulation of programmed cell death may be a critical component in multistep tumourigenesis of NETs and that the frequent expression of the Bcl-2 oncoprotein in these tumours may contribute to their pathogenesis. The genetic complementation of simultaneously deregulated Bcl-2 and c-Myc may be implicated in the multistep tumourigenesis of human NETs. Furthermore, because the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy relies on its ability to induce programmed cell death, resistance to apoptosis typically correlates with chemoresistance, a phenomenon that is typical in NETs. Consideration of how oncogenes affect rates of cell death, in addition to augmenting growth, has already provided valuable insights into the biology of cancer. Understanding the molecular and cellular features of this process may enable the development and application of more effective and potentially curative treatment strategies in which the induction of programmed cell death is an integral component.
Hydrostatic pressure study of the structural phase transitions and superconductivity in single crystals of (Ba 1− x K x )Fe 2 As 2 ( x =0 and 0.45) and CaFe 2 As 2

We studied the effect of hydrostatic pressure (P) on the structural phase transitions and super-conductivity in the ternary and pseudo-ternary iron arsenides CaFe 2 AS 2 , BaFe 2 AS 2 , and (Ba 0.55 K 0.45 )-Fe 2 As 2 , by means of measurements of electrical resistivity (p) in the 1.8-300 K temperature (T) range, pressures up to 20 kbar, and magnetic fields up to 9T. CaFe 2 As 2 and BaFe 2 As 2 (lightly doped with Sn) display structural phase transitions near 170 and 85K, respectively, and do not exhibit superconductivity in ambient pressure, while K-doped (Ba 0-55 K 0-45 )Fe 2 As 2 is superconducting for T <30 K. The effect of pressure on BaFe 2 A s2 is to shift the onset of the crystallographic transformation down in temperature at the rate of ∼-1.04K/kbar, while shifting the whole ρ(T) curves downward, whereas its effect on superconducting (Ba 0.55 K 0.45 )Fe 2 As 2 is to shift the onset of superconductivity to lower temperatures at the rate of ∼-0.21 K/kbar. The effect of pressure on CaFe 2 As 2 is first to suppress the crystallographic transformation and induce superconductivity with onset near 12 K very rapidly, i.e., for P< 5 kbar. However, higher pressures bring about another phase transformation characterized by reduced-resistivity, and the suppression of superconductivity, confining superconductivity to a narrow pressure dome centered near 5 kbar. Upper critical field (H c2 ) data in (Ba 0.55 K 0.45 )Fe 2 As 2 and CaFe 2 As 2 are discussed.
Adaptive state of charge algorithm for nickel metal hydride batteries including hysteresis phenomena

A state of charge (SOC) algorithm is described and implemented for a nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery system. The essential elements of the algorithm were first used as part of the GM Precept hybrid electric vehicle program, which culminated in an 80-mile-per-gallon, 5-passenger, technology-demonstration vehicle. The algorithm is based on a simple equivalent-circuit representation of the battery pack, with the parameters adapted by means of on-line least-square regression. The output of the algorithm is the SOC, which is a measure of the available energy within the battery system, and the power capability for subsequent charge or discharge, which enables efficient hybrid vehicle operation through optimal torque allocation. The behavior of the algorithm in terms of convergence, accuracy, and robustness is examined; for these analyses, the power required from the battery for the Precept to complete a variety of drive schedules provides the power versus time trace. Voltage hysteresis is shown to play a critical role, and this effect makes determining the SOC particularly difficult for NiMH batteries relative to other battery systems (e.g., lead acid and lithium ion).
NATURAL CONVECTION INSIDE A HORIZONTAL CYLINDER

Abstract Natural convection of a fluid contained in an infinitely long horizontal cylinder at large Prandtl number and unit-order Grashof number is analyzed. The motion is generated by an imposed cosine wall temperature distribution which includes an arbitrary phase angle. The phase angle is a measure of the location of the wall temperature extrema. From an asymptotic ordering of the energy and vorticity transport equations for large Prandtl number it is shown that the core region, which contains fluid surrounded completely by a boundary-layer flow along the cylinder wall, may assume either of two configurations. For heating angles near the heating-from-the-side case (wall temperature extrema at the ends of the horizontal diameter) linearized forms of the boundary-layer equations are developed which yield solutions that match the core configuration not considered previously. The form of the results agrees generally with experimental evidence for heating-from-the-side.
Theory of laminar near wake of blunt bodies in hypersonic flow.

21 Feldman, S., "Hypersonic gasdynamic charts for equilibrium air," Avco Rept. (1957). 22 Nagamatsu, H. T., Workman, J. B., and Sheer, R. E., Jr., "Hypersonic nozzle expansion of air with atom recombination present," J. Aerospace Sci. 28, 833-837 (1961). 23 von Karman, T. and Tsien, H. S., "Boundary layer in compressible fluids," J. Aeronaut. Sci. 6, 227-232 (1938). 24 Kendall, J. M., Jr., "An experimental investigation of leading edge shock wave-boundary layer interaction at Mach 5.8," J. Aeronaut. Sci. 24,47-56 (1957). 25 Howarth, L., Modern Developments in Fluid Dynamics High Speed Flow (Oxford University Press, London, 1953), Vol. 1, p. 402. 26 von Karman, T., "Turbulence and skin friction," J. Aeronaut. Sci. 1,1-20 (1934). 27 Van Driest, E. R., "Turbulent boundary layer in compressible fluids," J. Aeronaut. Sci. 18,145-160 (1951). 28 Li, T. Y. and Nagamatsu, H. T., "Effects of density fluctuations on the turbulent skin friction of an insulated flat plate at high supersonic speeds," J. Aeronaut. Sci. 18, 696-697 (1951). 29 Persh, J., "An analytical investigation of turbulent boundary layer heat transfer coefficients for supersonic and hypersonic flow," Naval Ordnance Lab. Rept. 4099 (1955). 30 Lin, C. C., Turbulent Flows and Heat Transfer: High Speed Aerodynamics and Jet Propulsion (Princeton University Press, Princeton, N. J., 1959), Vol. V.
Gender Role Orientation and Relational Closeness: Self-Disclosive Behavior in Same-Sex Male Friendships:

Although the nature of intimacy within same-sex male friendships exhibits a marked difference from that of same-sex female friends, the open sharing of the self (known as self-disclosure) does occur regularly among male friends, albeit to a varying degree. The present research looks at the relationship between gender role orientation and self-disclosive behavior, empirically confronting the cultural stereotype that the enactment of self-disclosure is gendered. Most significantly, the present research looks at the effects of various conceptualizations of self-disclosure on multiple measures of closeness within a relationship, with increasing self-disclosure consistently found to be positively correlated with measures of increasing closeness within men's same-sex friendships.
Surgical treatment of childhood recurrent pancreatitis.

Abstract Background/Purpose Surgical intervention that improves pancreatic ductal drainage is a reasonable treatment strategy for recurrent pancreatitis in children. Methods This study was approved by the Committee on Human Research (San Francisco, CA). A retrospective chart review was performed on children aged 0 to 17 years given the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision coding diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis who underwent surgical intervention from 1981 to 2005. Results From 1981 to 2005, 32 children were treated for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis. The etiologies were obstructive (n = 13), idiopathic (n = 10), hereditary (n = 6), medications (n = 2), and infection (n = 1). Fifteen patients underwent 17 operations for chronic pancreatitis, including Puestow (n = 9), cystenterostomy (n = 2), Whipple (n = 1), distal pancreatectomy (n = 1), Frey (n = 1), DuVal (n = 1), excision of enteric duplication cyst (n = 1), and pancreatic ductal dilation (n = 1). The mean age at presentation of patients undergoing surgery was 6.0 ± 4.1 years (mean ± SD). The mean time from presentation to operation was 3.3 ± 3.3 years. There were no deaths after surgical intervention. Of 15 patients, 2 (13%) required rehospitalization within 90 days of surgery, one for bowel obstruction, the other for splenic infarction. The median length of stay postoperatively was 8 days (range, 5-66 days). Conclusions Chronic pancreatitis in children differs markedly in etiology when compared with adults. In most cases seen in our institution, chronic pancreatitis resulted from ineffective ductal drainage. These disorders are amenable to surgical decompression, which, ultimately, can prevent disease recurrence.
5-Fluorouracil-associated cardiotoxicity

Cardiotoxicity manifested as myocardial ischemia is not generally recognized as a side effect of 5-fluorouracil. However, there have been at least 35 cases reported since 1975. In only one of these cases was a somewhat detailed evaluation done to rule out underlying coronary disease. The case reported here of 5-FU cardiotoxicity included an extensive cardiac evaluation to rule out underlying coronary disease and to assess spasm. The literature on 5-FU cardiotoxicity is also reviewed, and its possible mechanisms are analyzed.
Analysis of bend initiation in cilia according to a sliding filament model

Abstract Equations are developed to describe the initiation of bending on a semi-infinite cilium or flagellum in a medium of negligible viscosity when one end of the cilium develops curvature as a result of a forcing function which may cause sufficient local curvature to initiate a propagated wave of bending that then travels at steady wave speed. It is assumed that active sliding is shear-limited, and that the active process begins when a critical curvature is attained, but the magnitude of the critical curvature required for initiation depends on the previous history of the curvature. With these assumptions, it is shown that the general shape of the initiation curves, i.e. position of point of maximum curvature as a function of time, approximately match the experimental data, i.e. the sliding filament model permits a range of initiation times comparable to those observed in nature.
Anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation in children to treat severe anisometropic myopia and amblyopia: 3-year clinical results.

Purpose To evaluate the midterm efficacy of Verisyse anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (AC pIOL) implantation in reducing clinically significant (>−8.0 diopters) myopic anisometropia in children who have been noncompliant with traditional medical treatment. Setting Private practice in affiliation with San Diego Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA. Methods A retrospective interventional chart review identified highly anisometropic myopic pediatric patients in a single practice who had AC pIOL implantation in the more myopic eye. None of the patients were compliant with spectacle correction or contact lens therapy, and all had dense amblyopia. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, stereoacuity, central corneal thickness, motor alignment, and endothelial cell counts were performed in all patients. Occlusion therapy was initiated subsequent to pIOL implantation. Results The review identified 7 patients ranging in age from 5 to 11 years; the postoperative follow-up was 34 to 36 months. All patients had a significant improvement (>6 lines) in visual acuity postoperatively. The mean corrected distance visual acuity was 20/40 at 3 years. All patients had improved stereoacuity Randot testing, from a mean of 0 seconds of arc preoperatively to a mean of 185 seconds of arc at 3 years. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were identified. Conclusions Results indicate that AC pIOL implantation can be considered an alternative modality to manage clinically significant, severe anisometropic myopia in pediatric eyes when there is poor patient compliance with traditional medical treatment. Long-term follow-up of corneal endothelial cell density after pediatric AC pIOL implantation is strongly encouraged. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
The correlation of histology to needle type in microvascular anastomoses: a quantitative analysis

Abstract This study was undertaken to quantitate the effects of needle trauma to the arterial wall during microvascular anastomoses. End-to-end anastomoses performed on rat femoral arteries were used as a model. Two weeks post-anastomosis, the specimens were processed and measured with a planimeter. The results were analysed statistically to evaluate the effects of different types of needles on the arterial wall. We found significant thickening of the arterial wall ( P ) but no difference in the amount of thickening between any of the needles evaluated. We found that certain needles were easier to use than others and have applied this observation to clinical work.
New Pt(II)(dithiolate) Compounds Possessing an Energetically Accessible Diphosphine-Based LUMO: Syntheses, Redox Properties, and Solid-State Structures of PtCl2(pbpcd), Pt(tdt)(pbpcd), and Pt(tdt)(bpcd)

The new ligand 2-(pyren-1-ylidene)-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (pbpcd) has been synthesized from the Knoevenagel condensation using 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde with 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (bpcd). Displacement of the cod ligand in PtCl2(cod) by pbpcd furnishes PtCl2(pbpcd) (2) in near quantitative yield. Treatment of 2 with the dipotassium salt of toluene-3,4-dithiol (K2tdt) affords the dithiolate compound Pt(tdt)(pbpcd) (3) as a 1:1 mixture of diastereomers. An alternative synthesis of 3 from Pt(tdt)(bpcd) (5) and 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde also affords 3 in 23% yield. The pbpcd ligand and all new diphosphine-substituted compounds have been isolated and fully characterized in solution by IR and NMR spectroscopies, and the solid-state structures of 2·CH2Cl2, 3·toluene, and 5·CH2Cl2 established by X-ray diffraction analyses. The solid-state structure of each product exhibits a square-planar architecture at the metal center. The redox properties of the pbpcd ligand and the tdt-substituted compound 3 have been explored by cyclic and differential-pulse voltammetry, and these data are discussed with respect to extended Huckel MO calculations and the nature of the HOMO and LUMO levels in each compound. The synthesis of the new ligand 2-(pyren-1-ylidene)-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (pbpcd) from the Knoevenagel condensation of 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde with 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (bpcd) is reported. Reaction of pbpcd with PtCl2(cod) affords PtCl2(pbpcd), which in turn reacts with the dipotassium salt of toluene-3,4-dithiol (K2tdt) to yield Pt(tdt)(pbpcd). The latter complex may also be synthesized from the Knoevenagel condensation of Pt(tdt)(bpcd) with 1-pyrenecarboxaldehyde. The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the pbpcd ligand and Pt(tdt)(pbpcd) have been investigated, and the solid-state structures of three of the new Pt(II) compounds are reported.
The expanding universe of the basophil.

In this issue of Blood, Ohnmacht and Voehringer expand our view of the murine basophil, implicating these cells in eosinophilia and intestinal helminth rejection as well as determining the lifespan of basophils in both basal and inflammatory states.
Constrained nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation of stochastically ordered survivor functions

This paper considers estimators of survivor functions subject to a stochastic ordering constraint based on right censored data. We present the constrained nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator (C-NPMLE) of the survivor functions in one-and two-sample settings where the survivor distributions could be discrete or continuous and discuss the non-uniqueness of the estimators. We also present a computationally efficient algorithm to obtain the C-NPMLE. To address the possibility of non-uniqueness of the C-NPMLE of when , we consider the maximum C-NPMLE (MC-NPMLE) of . In the one-sample case with arbitrary upper bound survivor function , we present a novel and efficient algorithm for finding the MC-NPMLE of . Dykstra (1982) also considered constrained nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation for such problems, however, as we show, Dykstra's method has an error and does not always give the C-NPMLE. We corrected this error and simulation shows improvement in efficiency compared to Dykstra's estimator. Confidence intervals based on bootstrap methods are proposed and consistency of the estimators is proved. Data from a study on larynx cancer are analysed to illustrate the method. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 40: 22–39; 2012 © 2012 Statistical Society of Canada Cet article considere les estimateurs des fonctions de survie bases sur les donnees censurees a droite soumises a une contrainte d'ordonnancement stochastique. Nous presentons un estimateur du maximum de vraisemblance non parametrique contraint (C-NPMLE) des fonctions de survie dans le contexte d'un ou de deux echantillons lorsque la distribution de survie peut etre discrete ou continue. De plus, nous discutons de la non-identifiabilite des estimateurs. Nous proposons aussi un algorithme, efficace au plan des calculs, pour obtenir le C-NPMLE. Pour considerer la possibilite de la non-identifiabilite du C-NPMLE de lorsque , nous considerons le C-NPMLE maximum (MC-NPMLE) de . Lorsque nous avons qu'un seul echantillon et une borne superieure arbitraire pour la fonction de survie, nous presentons un algorithme nouveau et efficace pour trouver le MC-NPMLE de . Dykstra (1982) a aussi considere l'estimation par maximum de vraisemblance non parametrique pour de tels problemes, mais, comme nous le demontrons, il y a une erreur dans la methode de Dykstra et elle ne conduit pas toujours a un C-NPMLE. Nous corrigeons cette erreur et des simulations montrent une amelioration de l'efficacite par rapport a l'estimateur de Dykstra. Des intervalles de confiance bases sur des methodes de reechantillonnage sont proposes et nous demontrons la coherence de nos estimateurs. Notre methode est illustree a l'aide de donnees provenant d'une etude sur le cancer du larynx. La revue canadienne de statistique 40: 22–39; 2012 © 2012 Societe statistique du Canada
Defective excision of pyrimidine dimers and interstrand DNA crosslinks in rad7 and rad23 mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Excision of pyrimidine dimers and interstrand DNA crosslinks was examined in the deletion mutants rad7-Δ1, rad23-Δ1, and rad7-Δ1 rad23-Δ1. These mutants remove pyrimidine dimers and crosslinks much less efficiently than the RAD + strains; only 30–60% of pyrimidine dimers and 25–40% of crosslinks are removed even after prolonged incubation. The rad7 and rad23 mutations may represent defects in protein factors which increase the efficiency of the nicking enzyme complex or make chromatin more accessible to the nicking activity.