cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Existentialism and the Theory of Literature

Philosophical change, if not progress, may be measured by the nature and frequency of its embarrassments. An earlier age in Anglo-American thought was dominated by a passion for the Absolute. Questions concerning the nature of Man, the Cosmos, Life, and Death were familiar and valid. Even those, like William James, who thumbed their noses with pluralistic fingers were at home with big issues. Today the scene has changed. Anyone who went about the smoker of the American Philosophical Association asking members what their philosophy was would be considered a crank, a fool, or at best, someone who wasn’t interested in a job. If some extraordinarily considerate philosopher were to venture an answer, it would probably be something of this sort: “If you mean by ‘my philosophy’ some grand metaphysical system, I’m afraid I don’t have one. But I can tell you something about the way in which I approach what I take to be the issues of philosophy.” And what would follow would be an inquiry into the rather strange question posed in asking about “your philosophy.” It would not be surprising if the questioner were told that his question was a misformulated one, or even a meaningless one.
The Noble Warrior: Feminism, Contractarianism, and Self in the Light of Hampton

L'A. se propose de resumer, puis d'evaluer les positions de J. Hampton sur la contractualisme et sur le feminisme en les comparant respectivement a celles de T. Scanlon et T. Nagel. S'opposant a la fois au liberalisme traditionnel, au naturalisme normatif, au feminisme de Gilligan et au contractualisme de Hobbes, l'A. montre que les combats de Hampton concernent toujours le rapport du moi aux autres d'un point de vue moral ou politique, cherchant a etablir la justice dans les relations personnelles
Reverse exchange for concurrency and local reasoning

Recent research has pointed out the importance of the inequational exchange law (P*Q) ; (R*S)≤(P ; R)*(Q ; S) for concurrent processes. In particular, it has been shown that this law is equivalent to validity of the concurrency rule for Hoare triples. Unfortunately, the law does not hold in the relationally based setting of algebraic separation logic. However, we show that under mild conditions the reverse inequation (P ; R)*(Q ; S)≤(P*Q) ; (R*S) still holds there. Separating conjunction * in that calculus can be interpreted as true concurrency on disjointly accessed resources. From the reverse exchange law we derive slightly restricted but still reasonably useful variants of the concurrency rule. Moreover, using a corresponding definition of locality, we obtain also a variant of the frame rule. By this, the relational setting can also be applied for modular and concurrency reasoning. Finally, we present several variations of the approach to further interpret the results.
Research on Science Teacher Beliefs

Over the last two decades, the field of science education has amassed a literature base on teacher beliefs that establishes that teachers are creative, intelligent decision makers who hold complex systems of beliefs that influence how they view teaching and learning, their students, and subject matter. In this chapter I review both time-honored and contemporary international studies on science teachers’ epistemological and pedagogical beliefs with the aim of depicting the most salient themes that have emerged from this research. This research presents a portrait of both prospective and practicing teachers who hold deeply entrenched beliefs that are for some congruous and for others incongruous with their classroom practices and/or major tenets of reform initiatives. A number of studies examine change in teachers’ beliefs over time within the context of a teacher education program or an intervention aimed at facilitating teachers’ refinement of beliefs and actions to be congruous with reform initiatives. Finally, there is a small but emerging set of studies that examine the complexity of teacher beliefs and belief systems.
Segregating Sets Along Directions of Discrimination

After general consideration of linear transformations, the previous chapter focused on decorrelation. In this chapter, attention is directed to transformations (hybridization) that can help to emphasize separation of selected groupings in the data, which falls under the scope of discriminant analysis.
Osmoconditioned seeds as a foodstuff

iii GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Dissertation Organization 1 Rationale for Research 1 Literature Review 2 References Cited 13 OSMOCONDITIONED SEEDS AS A FOODSTUFF: DIMENSIONS OF SPROUTING PERFORMANCE, ANTINUTRIENT STATUS, AND MICROBIOLOGICAL SAFETY 19 Abstract 19 Introduction 19 Materials and Methods 21 Results and Discussion 28 Conclusions 35 References 35 Acknowledgments 38 OSMOCONDITIONED SEEDS AS A FOODSTUFF: MICROBIOLOGICAL SAFETY, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF SPROUTED SEEDS 54 Abstract 54 Introduction 55 Materials and Methods 56 Results and Discussion 62 Conclusions 66 References 67 Acknowledgments 6919 Introduction 19 Materials and Methods 21 Results and Discussion 28 Conclusions 35 References 35 Acknowledgments 38 OSMOCONDITIONED SEEDS AS A FOODSTUFF: MICROBIOLOGICAL SAFETY, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF SPROUTED SEEDS 54 Abstract 54 Introduction 55 Materials and Methods 56 Results and Discussion 62 Conclusions 66 References 67 Acknowledgments 69 OSMOCONDITIONED SEEDS AS A FOODSTUFF: PHYTATE CONTENT AND PHYTASE ACTIVITY IN THE SEEDS AND SPROUTS OF SOYBEANS AND WHEAT Abstract Introduction Materials and Methods Results and Discussion Conclusions References Acknowledgments GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 74 74 74 76 81 83 84 86 89 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 91
Treatments to prevent primary venous ulceration after deep venous thrombosis

Abstract Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess whether compression stockings or other interventions reduce the incidence of venous ulceration after acute deep venous thrombosis. Methods We searched PubMed and Embase for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), restricted to English, Spanish, and Hebrew, related to post-thrombotic syndrome and venous ulceration in participants with confirmed deep venous thrombosis. Our primary statistical assessment was the Peto odds ratio (OR). Results Our search generated 23 RCTs meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria, summing 6162 patients and 146 ulcerative events. Trials were categorized into compression, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), procedural thrombolysis, medical thrombolysis, or miscellaneous. Six compression trials were identified, of which five were included in meta-analysis. Compression compared with placebo did not reduce venous ulceration (OR, 0.915; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.475-1.765), and long-term compression was not superior to short-term compression (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 0.014-1.31). Four LMWH trials were identified but were not subjected to meta-analysis because of intertrial heterogeneity. One trial, comparing extended tinzaparin with warfarin, demonstrated eight ulcers in the warfarin group and one ulcer in the LMWH group (relative risk, 0.125; P Conclusions We found insufficient evidence to assess whether compression or other interventions protect against venous ulceration. To develop guidelines for treatment decisions related to prevention of venous ulceration, high-powered RCTs investigating venous leg ulcers as a primary outcome are required.
VE-PTP stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions and the endothelial barrier via a phosphatase-independent mechanism

Vascular endothelial (VE) protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) is an endothelial-specific phosphatase that stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions. Although studies have focused on the role of VE-PTP in dephosphorylating VE-cadherin in the activated endothelium, little is known of VE-PTP’s role in the quiescent endothelial monolayer. Here, we used the photoconvertible fluorescent protein VE-cadherin-Dendra2 to monitor VE-cadherin dynamics at adherens junctions (AJs) in confluent endothelial monolayers. We discovered that VE-PTP stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions by reducing the rate of VE-cadherin internalization independently of its phosphatase activity. VE-PTP serves as an adaptor protein that through binding and inhibiting the RhoGEF GEF-H1 modulates RhoA activity and tension across VE-cadherin junctions. Overexpression of the VE-PTP cytosolic domain mutant interacting with GEF-H1 in VE-PTP–depleted endothelial cells reduced GEF-H1 activity and restored VE-cadherin dynamics at AJs. Thus, VE-PTP stabilizes VE-cadherin junctions and restricts endothelial permeability by inhibiting GEF-H1, thereby limiting RhoA signaling at AJs and reducing the VE-cadherin internalization rate.
Introduction to "Optimizing management of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes". Harmonizing advances in mechanical and pharmacologic intervention.

![Figure][1] Advances in the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) have evolved dramatically over the past decade and, in many respects, represent a rapidly moving target for the cardiologist or internist who seeks to integrate these recent developments into contemporary
Additive Inverses and Negatives--Two Different Concepts.

CERTAINLY one of the best-known statements in arithmetic is the statement "The product of two negatives is posi tive." This expression is generally asso ciated with the study of the ring of in tegers, but it also applies in the fields of rational and real numbers. Usually a ring-theoretic proof of the fact (?a) (?6) = ab is provided to prove the state ment quoted above; however, the equa tion [-(-5)] (-3) = (-5)3 is an in stance of (?a) ( ? 6) = ab, but certainly the equation [-(-5)](-3) = (-5)3 is not described by the sentence "The prod uct of two negatives is positive." Some times a and b are restricted to be positive integers; thus (?a) and (?6) are nega tive integers and all is well. Also, (?x) is sometimes referred to as "the negative of x" and then, in this context, (?a) ( ? 6) = ab is considered to be an in stance of "The product of two negatives is positive." However, it seems that more needs to be said. It is the purpose of this article to clarify the distinction between the two statements "The product of two negatives is positive" and "The product of the additive inverses of a and 6 is ab." I begin by establishing the fundamental notions that form the foundation of my discussion.
Autothermal reactor design for catalytic partial oxidations

Abstract A comprehensive analysis of the impact of various design and operating variables on the boundary of the region of autothermal operation of type III is presented. It is shown that for a fixed adiabatic temperature rise and space time, the largest region of autothermal operation is obtained in the homogeneous limit (small particles or high cell density monoliths) when the bed scale heat Peclet number approaches zero, mass Peclet number approaches infinity, and with smaller bed aspect ratios (height to diameter). For competing multiple oxidation reactions, while thin (shallow) beds could lead to larger region of autothermal operation, better selectivity of intermediate product may be attained using very thin beds. The impact of heat loss on the region of autothermal operation is also analyzed. When inter and intra-phase heat and mass transfer gradients are significant so that particle (channel) level ignition could occur, autothermal operation is feasible for any bed level heat Peclet number with reactor operated in the mass transfer controlled regime. The results of the analysis are applied to two processes of interest, namely, oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) with adiabatic temperature rise in the range 600–1200 K and catalytic partial oxidations (CPO) with adiabatic temperature rise in the range 200–500 K. For OCM, some feasible autothermal reactor designs that are suitable for different catalyst activity levels are proposed. For CPO, an autothermal reactor design is compared favorably to the traditional cooled multi-tubular reactor.
2108. Comparison of Voriconazole vs. Itraconazole in the Treatment of Histoplasmosis – A Retrospective Analysis

Background The guideline-preferred azole for histoplasmosis (HP) is itraconazole (IC). While voriconazole (VC) has shown success in in-vitro and in retrospective analyses, there has not been enough data to include newer generation azoles as first-line treatment for infections with Histoplasma capsulatum.
Comments on “Thermophysical characterization of aqueous deep eutectic solvent (choline chloride/urea) solutions in full ranges of concentration at T = (293.15–323.15) K”

Abstract A polemic is given concerning the several of the volumetric properties reported in the published paper by Shekaari and coworkers. Every one of the partial molar volumes that the authors reported in their published paper is incorrect.
On the (Un)Feasibility of Fedcoin: Implementing a Central Bank Backed Digital Currency in the United States

The rise of cryptocurrencies has sparked a global discussion on central bank backed digital currencies (CBDCs). In a 2014 blog post, J.P. Koning proposed that the Federal Reserve launch its own blockchain based digital currency: Fedcoin. While the technology behind cryptocurrencies was supposed to liberate monetary policy from central bank control, it might instead be the key to strengthening the Federal Reserve’s power. In the post-crisis era of excess reserves and low inflation, the Federal Reserve’s traditional monetary policy tools of open market operations and reserve requirements break down, leading to a dependence on new or unconventional policies such as quantitative easing, forward guidance, and the interest rate on reserves. Fedcoin could be a powerful new monetary policy tool which gives the Federal Reserve a direct transmission mechanism by setting interest rates on Fedcoin – a tool which many have touted as a solution to the zero-lower bound. Many impediments stand in the way of Fedcoin’s implementation, however, including the Mundell-Fleming policy trilemma, dependence on cash in the United States, displacement of the banking sector, and the Federal Reserve’s statutory mandate. This paper looks at law, economics, and technology to discusses Fedcoin design considerations, including: 1) the desirability and mechanics of implementing Fedcoin as a DLT-based token, 2) the monetary policy implications under economic theory, 3) feasibility of Fedcoin’s adoption and moving towards a cashless society and 4) the Federal Reserve's statutory authority to create a digital currency.
Precise and Accurate Cosmology with CMBxLSS Power Spectra and Bispectra

With the advent of a new generation of cosmological experiments that will provide high-precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and galaxies in the large-scale structure, it is pertinent to examine the potential of performing a joint analysis of multiple cosmological probes. In this paper, we study the cosmological information content contained in the one-loop power spectra and tree bispectra of galaxies cross-correlated with CMB lensing. We use the FFTLog method to compute angular correlations in spherical harmonic space, applicable for wide angles that can be accessed by forthcoming galaxy surveys. We find that adding the bispectra and cross-correlations with CMB lensing offers a significant improvement in parameter constraints, including those on the total neutrino mass, $M_\nu$, and local non-Gaussianity amplitude, $f_{\rm NL}$. In particular, our results suggest that the combination of the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) and CMB-S4 will be able to achieve $\sigma(M_\nu)=42$ meV from galaxy and CMB lensing correlations, and $\sigma(M_\nu)=12$ meV when further combined with the CMB temperature and polarization data, without any prior on the optical depth.
A Cryptocurrency Prediction Model Using LSTM and GRU Algorithms

This study aims to predict cryptocurrency prices using Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit(GRU) for three different coins: BitCoin, Ethereum, and Litecoin. For the training data for prediction, two data sets with different statistical characteristics in terms of Kurtosis and Skewness are used. LSTM and GRU models are trained and tested on the same hyperparameter configuration while increasing the number of epochs from 1 to 30. The accuracy of each model is measured by Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and MAE (Mean Absolute Error). As a result of comparing GRU and LSTM, in BTC and ETH, the GRU was more advantageous for the downward stabilization trend, and the LSTM was suitable for the upward stabilization trend. However, in case of low-priced LTC, LSTM and GRU showed the same performance in sample type A, and in the case of type B, GRU was more accurate.
Lagothrix ubericolor (Woolly monkey)

The specimens used were display animals of the Houston Zoological Garden. Skin biopsies were used for cell cultures.
Health Education and Activities in Colleges and Universities

(1921). Health Education and Activities in Colleges and Universities. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 164-171.
Application of passive nonlinear network concept in digital signal processing

In our work we have developed a new methodology for the design of nonlinear dynamical systems and signal processing algorithms. In this paper, we discuss the basic concept of this approach, as well as some variations of the applied model. We show the results of application of this approach in signal estimation. We also compare the obtained results with that of Kalman filtering. The results indicate that we are able, applying our new approach, to obtain with relative ease the estimators that are comparable, and sometimes even superior and more robust as compared to Kalman filtering. >
Hexahedral Mesh Refinement Using an Error Sizing Function

The ability to effectively adapt a mesh is a very important feature of high fidelity finite element modeling. In a finite element analysis, a relatively high node density is desired in areas of the model where there are high error estimates from an initial analysis. Providing a higher node density in such areas improves the accuracy of the model and reduces the computational time compared to having a high node density over the entire model. Node densities can be determined for any model using the sizing functions based on the geometry of the model or the error estimates from a finite element analysis. Robust methods for mesh adaptation using sizing functions are available for refining triangular, tetrahedral, and quadrilateral elements. However, little work has been published for adaptively refining all hexahedral meshes using sizing functions. This paper describes a new approach to drive hexahedral refinement based upon an error sizing function and a mechanism to compare the sizes of the node after refinement.
Multiscale network processes: fractal and p-adic analysis

Computer scientists have been raising a number of original methodological questions which, while being common to many fields of technology, have thus far remained completely unexplored even by mathematicians. Among such questions of fundamental importance are what is the nature of multiscale processes in computer networks and how to quantify the fractal properties of packet flow. This paper begins with an experimental analysis of the property of burstiness and statistical operation with network traffic. The proposed approach offers hope that one can find simple enough adequate models and combine the concept of distance in normalized space with number theory. This is followed by some technical details concerning real analysis of fractional measure, and a calculus formalism that could be employed to describe network traffic models. The paper concludes with a wavelet and p-adic spectral analysis, which can be used to investigate multiscale fractal features of network traffic.
Oxidant stress induced structural damage in estrogen receptor (oxER) identified by mass spectrometry and detected by a novel anti-oxER antibody

4465 Loss of ER DNA-binding function, as observed in a significant proportion of ER-positive human breast cancer samples, can be modeled by oxidant treatment of ER-positive cell lines (e.g. MCF7), recombinant (r) ER, and synthetic ER peptides such as those constituting the two Cys-4 type zinc fingers in the ER DNA-binding domain (DBD). Using Cys oxidizing (e.g. diamide) and arylating (e.g. menadione/K3) reagents and a novel mass spectrometry (MS)/proteomics approach, we have shown that the C-terminal half of the structurally more labile ER second zinc finger (ZnF2B) appears to be the most reactive region associated with loss of ER DNA-binding function, with Cys-240 being more sensitive than Cys-237. To generate a diagnostic antibody (anti-oxER) that would specifically detect thiol reversible disulfides within ER-DBD (e.g. diamide induced) from normal and irreversibly alkylated or arylated (e.g. K3 induced) ER-DBD, we synthesized ZnF2B in three forms: normal linear, linear with Acm-protected Cys residues (to simulate Cys alkylation), and the cyclized/disulfide form. Rabbit antisera to the cyclized/disulfide form was subtracted with the Acm-derivatized peptide, and ELISA titers showed the resulting antisera (anti-oxER) to be specific for cyclized/disulfide ZnF2B. Sensitivity of this immunodiagnostic for oxER was assessed by immunoblotting rER samples treated with increasing diamide exposure (20–200 uM, 10–60 min), confirmed by MS to produce from 15% to >60% ZnF2B disulfide formation, and normalized by immunoblotting for total ER using the C-terminal specific monoclonal, F10. Anti-oxER showed at least an order of magnitude greater affinity for oxER as compared to untreated rER; and this immunoreactivity could be eliminated by oxER disulfide reduction (10mM DTT). ER from MCF7 cells exposed in culture with sufficient diamide or K3 to eliminate ER DNA-binding and then similarly immunobloted with anti-oxER and F10 showed increased anti-oxER reactivity only in the diamide treated sample. ER extracted from 5 cryobanked primary human breast cancer samples and similarly assayed revealed variable oxER content relative to total ER, with oxER/ER ratios ranging from 0.1 to 1.0. These findings indicate that oxidant stress induced ER structural changes defined by MS can be translated into immunodiagnostic assays for use and validation on small clinical samples.
Management of influenza symptoms in healthy adults

OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost-effectiveness of rapid diagnostic testing and empiric antiviral therapy for healthy adults with symptoms of influenza.
Updating quality control assays in the assisted reproductive technologies laboratory with a cryopreserved hamster oocyte DNA cytogenotoxic assay.

Purpose: Despite advances in assisted reproduction, there is no progress in quality control bioassays. The objectives were to develop a comet assay to measure DNA fragmentation in thawed cryopreserved oocytes and compare this assay with one-cell mouse embryo bioassay.
Developmental Immunotoxicity (DIT): Assays for Evaluating Effects of Exogenous Agents on Development of the Immune System

Developmental immunotoxicity (DIT) occurs when exposure to environmental risk factors prior to adulthood, including chemical, biological, physical, or physiological factors, alters immune system development. DIT may elicit suppression, hyperactivation, or misregulation of immune responses and may present clinically as decreased resistance to pathogens, allergic and autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory diseases. Immunotoxicity testing guidelines established by the Environmental Protection Agency for adult animals (OPPTS 8703.7800) require functional tests and immunophenotyping that are suitable for detecting immunomodulation, especially immunosuppression. However, evaluating immune function in offspring that are not fully immunocompetent yields results that are challenging to interpret. Therefore, this unit will describe an optimum exposure scenario, reference two assays (immunophenotyping and histopathology) appropriate for detecting immunomodulation in weaning-age offspring, and reference four assays (immunophenotyping, histopathology, T cell-dependent antibody responses, and delayed-type hypersensitivity) appropriate for detecting immunomodulation in immunocompetent offspring. The protocol also will reference other assays (natural killer cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte) with potential utility for assessing DIT. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 51:18.15.1-18.15.14. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: Developmental immunotoxicity; immunophenotyping; histopathology; TDAR; DTH
Web 2.0

In the few short years of its existence, the Internet has fundamentally changed society in numerous ways. One key technology behind this transformation is the World Wide Web. Originally, the Web primarily allowed static viewing of content. Now, an important shift is taking place as the original Web (“version 1.0”) is evolving to support new ways of collaborating and interacting (“Web 2.0”). Keywords: World Wide Web; internet; collaboration; communication; social media
Integration of Heterogeneity for Human-Friendly Robotic Operations

The objective of this paper is to develop an analytical scheme to integrate the heterogeneity of human and robot functions to achieve a human-friendly robotic operations. The heterogeneity of human and robot functions can be characterized by the fact that humans are intelligent while robots are fast, powerful and accurate. Humans can use their knowledge and experience to quickly respond to unexpected events, which makes it easy for humans to deal with unstructured environments. In contrast, robots can easily enhance the mechanical power of humans and the ability of humans to work remotely. Therefore, robots are capable of performing precise and repetitive tasks at high speed or in a hazardous environment. The important issue, in light of human/robot heterogeneity, is how to plan and control a robotic operation such that the human and the robot can cooperate in a complementary manner. Thus, a task which cannot be done by either human or robot alone can be performed efficiently and robustly by both. This paper introduces a new paradigm for human/robot interactive systems, heterogeneous function-based human/robot cooperation. A new perceptive action reference frame has been developed in the paper. It matches human perception and robot sensory measurement, and provides a platform for modeling the human/robot cooperative operations. The theoretical results presented in the paper have laid down a foundation for stability analysis as well as a planning and control system design of human/robot integrated systems. The implementations and experimental results have clearly demonstrated the advantages of proposed methods.
Students Behaving Badly: Policies on Weapons Violations in Florida Schools

Abstract This study looks at existing aspects of written school violence policies (Codes of Student Conduct) across large, mid-size, and small school districts in Florida. The aim was to provide a clearer picture of how weapons are defined, and the consequences of their possession, use, or display. Two research areas were addressed: 1. What constitutes a weapon in Florida's public school districts? 2. What consequences of weapons violations are dictated by Florida school districts' Codes of Student Conduct? The school districts' written Codes of Student Conduct were examined to discover patterns among the districts in their definition of a weapon, and the consequences of weapons violations. Using the Composite Weapons Classification Matrix, actual examples defined by Florida schools were identified and categorized by the researchers. These categories included blunt objects, chemical weapons, destructive devices, electrical weapons, firearms and projectiles, knives and sharp instruments, martial arts weapo...
Buyer beware: understanding the assumptions behind health economic assessments in personalized cancer care

After ‘lies, damn lies and statistics’ (a quote widely attributed to the 19th century British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli), health economics may represent the next most complex kind of analyses offered up to physicians in order to influence their practice.
Rethinking the Corporate Financial–Social Performance Relationship: Examining the Complex, Multistakeholder Notion of Corporate Social Performance

The corporate financial performance (CFP)–corporate social performance (CSP) relationship has been investigated many times over the past few decades, yet the notion of CSP has generally been understood to be a single, monolithic aspect of corporate strategy. This article examines the common CFP–CSP understanding in three distinct ways: (1) by extending the evaluation of CSP as a complex, multistakeholder notion; (2) by analyzing CSP's relationship with the firm's financial performance at a given point in time as a lead (independent) variable in the relationship and as a lag (dependent) variable in the relationship; and (3) for both positive and negative stakeholder relationships. The results indicate that the employee emerges as the stakeholder group most strongly linked to CFP, followed by the consumer stakeholder. The natural environment and the community stakeholder group are minimally associated with CFP. General support is found for a CFP–CSP relationship at a given point in time, with some support found for CSP as a lead (independent) variable. When used as a measure of financial performance, return on assets is more often correlated with CSP than is return on equity. These results and their implications are discussed.
Total synthesis of Adda, the unique C20 amino acid of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins

Abstract Synthetic (2 S ,3 R )-3-Amino-4-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid, γ-lactone, and (4 S ,5 S )-2,4-dimethyl-5- methoxy-6-phenyl-2-hexen-1-ol were oxidized and linked to give (2 S ,3 S ,8 S ,9 S )-3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8- trimethyl-10-phenyl-4,6-decadienoic acid (Adda).
How Reading Novels Can Help Management Scholars Cultivate Ambiculturalism

A letter to the editor is presented in response to "Becoming ambicultural: A personal quest, and aspiration for organizations," the 2013 Academy of Management presidential address by the organization's former head, Ming-Jer Chen, which appeared in the publication in 2014
The Critic as Patron and Mediator: Max Brod, Modern Art, and Jewish Identity in Early Twentieth-Century Prague

AbstractEarly in his career the critic Max Brod (1884–1968) distinguished himself as a patron of modern art and a mediator among competing ethnic and religious groups. Beginning in 1907, Brod became one of the foremost supporters of Jewish artists in Prague, and an advocate for their alliance with non-Jewish contemporaries, both German and Czech. He promoted them in his critical writing and editorial work, collected their art, and introduced them to other sponsors of modernism. Through his patronage work, he shaped how the identities of these artists were presented to the public, positioned their art in contexts that endorsed acculturation and integration, and minimized perceptions of artistic and national difference. Yet Brod's outlook on Jewish artistic identity changed over time. During the First World War, as Brod became active in the Zionist movement, he began to consider that Jewish identity might productively be marked and expressed in modern art, although he remained reluctant to designate specific artistic forms and subjects as distinctly Jewish.
Realization of 4D lattice structured digital filters

This paper presents a circuit realization for four-dimensional (4D) lattice discrete filters. The proposed 4D circuit realization requires, for its implementation, a minimum number of delay elements. Further, the dimension of the state-vector, of the derived 4D state space model, is minimal and its 4D transfer function is characterized by the all-pass property. A step-by-step low-order example is provided to demonstrate the proposed minimality of both, circuit, and state space realizations.
Low Temperature Aqueous Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Noncovalent Complexes

In the present study we describe conditions that permit the characterization of noncovalent protein–substrate complexes in aqueous solution by microspray electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), using a heated transfer capillary at low temperature (45 °C). Specifically, we examined the binding of calmodulin to two polypeptides; the calmodulin-binding domain of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CamK-II) and melittin. Calmodulin, a well known calcium-binding protein, binds to a number of small amphipathic peptides in a calcium-dependent manner. Our results directly show that both peptides form equimolar complexes with calmodulin only in the presence of calcium. The stoichiometry necessary for the formation of each complex was 1:1:4 for calmodulin:peptide (melittin or CamK-II):Ca2+, respectively. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the detection of the complex in ESI-MS is source temperature dependent.
Comparison of direct numerical simulation of lean premixed methane–air flames with strained laminar flame calculations

Abstract Direct numerical simulation (DNS) with complex chemistry was used to study statistics of displacement and consumption speeds in turbulent lean premixed methane–air flames. The main focus of the study is an evaluation of the extent to which a turbulent flame in the thin reaction zones regime can be described by an ensemble of strained laminar flames. Conditional averages with respect to strain for displacement and consumption speeds are presented over a wide range of strain typically encountered in a turbulent flame, compared with previous studies that either made local pointwise comparisons or conditioned the data on small strain and curvature. The conditional averages for positive strains are compared with calculated data from two different canonical strained laminar configurations to determine which is the optimal representation of a laminar flame structure embedded in a turbulent flame: the reactant-to-product (R-to-P) configuration or the symmetric twin flame configuration. Displacement speed statistics are compared for the progress-variable isosurface of maximum reaction rate and an isosurface toward the fresh gases, which are relevant for both modeling and interpretation of experiment results. Displacement speeds in the inner reaction layer are found to agree very well with the laminar R-to-P calculations over a wide range of strain for higher Damkohler number conditions, well beyond the regime in which agreement was expected. For lower Damkohler numbers, a reduced response to strain is observed, consistent with previous studies and theoretical expectations. Compared with the inner layer, broader and shifted probability density functions (PDFs) of displacement speed were observed in the fresh gases, and the agreement with the R-to-P calculations deteriorated. Consumption speeds show a poorer agreement with strained laminar calculations, which is attributed to multidimensional effects and a more attenuated unsteady response to strain fluctuations; however, they also show less departure from the unstrained laminar value, suggesting that detailed modeling of this quantity may not be critical for the conditions considered. For all quantities investigated, including CO production, the R-to-P laminar configuration provides an improved description relative to the twin flame configuration, which predicts qualitatively incorrect trends and overestimates extinction.
Characterization of thioredoxin reductase genes (trr1) from Pneumocystis carinii and Pneumocystis jiroveci

We have characterized the thioredoxin reductase (trr1) genes from Pneumocystis carinii and Pneumocystis jiroveci, and have demonstrated that multiple copies of an approximately 500 base pair fragment of the trr1 gene are present in P. carinii, but not in P. jiroveci. Thioredoxin reductases encoded by the full-length genes have predicted molecular weights of approximately 35,000 and show high homology to yeast Trr1. An NADPH-binding domain with a putative redox active site CAVC as well as an flavin-adenine dinucleotide-binding domain are highly conserved in both proteins, which were 85% identical. The multicopy trr1 gene fragments in P. carinii are not transcribed or expressed. Duplication of the gene fragment likely occurred in conjunction with duplication of the kexin homologue, protease-1, which is located immediately upstream of the trr1 gene. Thioredoxin reductase, an enzyme implicated in the growth, survival and pathogenicity of certain microbes, could be a potential target for therapeutic intervention in Pneumocystis infection.
Visualizing supersonic inlet duct unstart using planar laser Rayleigh scattering

Planar laser Rayleigh scattering (PLRS) from condensed CO2 particles is used to visualize flow structure in a Mach 5 wind tunnel undergoing unstart. Detailed flow features such as laminar/turbulent boundary layers and shockwaves are readily illustrated by the technique. A downstream transverse air jet, inducing flow unchoking downstream of the jet, is injected into the free stream flow of the tunnel, resulting in tunnel unstart. Time sequential PLRS images reveal that the boundary layer growth/separation on a surface with a thick turbulent boundary layer, initiated by the jet injection, propagates upstream and produces an oblique unstart shock. The tunnel unstarts upon the arrival of the shock at the inlet. In contrast, earlier flow separation on the opposite surface, initially supporting a thin laminar boundary layer, is observed when a jet induced bow shock strikes that surface. The resulting disturbance to this boundary layer also propagates upstream and precedes the formation of an unstart shock.
Scattering by highly aspherical targets: EBCM coupled with reinforced orthogonalizations

Calcul de la diffusion des ondes electromagnetiques par des objets dielectriques axisymetriques allonges, sans perte ou a faible perte en utilisant la methode iterative a conditions aux limites etendue
Bacterial endocarditis following open heart surgery

Abstract From 1954 to 1967 13 cases of bacterial endocarditis were found after open heart surgery at the University of Minnesota Hospitals. Among the 2,288 immediate survivors of the first 2,500 operations the incidence of postoperative bacterial endocarditis was only 0.5 percent. Operative procedures included 1,081 repairs of ventricular septal defect and replacement of 353 mitral valves and 331 aortic valves with prostheses. Four of the 13 cases of bacterial endocarditis occurred after repair of congenital ventricular septal defects; the remaining 9 cases occurred after intracardiac valve repair or replacement. This brings the total number of reported cases of endocarditis occurring on ball valve prostheses to 97, with a mortality rate of 72 percent. The incidence, clinical features, prophylaxis and treatment of bacterial endocarditis following open heart surgery are reviewed.
The dispersion of platinum on silica-correlation of esca and gas adsorption data

Abstract For five catalyst samples (Pt supported on silica) prepared by an ion exchange method, a correlation plot of chemisorption data against ESCA Pt/Si signal area ratio was a smooth curve essentially linear at low surface Pt levels but curving at high Pt values. Two samples prepared by an impregnation method were also studied. A line connecting points on the correlation plot for these samples was approximately parallel to but not coincident with the correlation curve obtained for samples prepared by ion exchange. The data strongly support the use of ESCA for measurements of metal particle size (dispersion) in catalyst systems such as these.
Trends in obesity: Authors' reply

Gori raises two generic methodological issues that are empirically irrelevant in the specific analysis in our paper:
Tidal coupling of a schwarzschild black hole and circularly orbiting moon

We describe the possibility of using the laser interferometer space antenna (LISA) 's gravitational-wave observations to study, with high precision, the response of a massive central body (e.g. a black hole or a soliton star) to the tidal gravitational pull of an orbiting, compact, small-mass object (a white dwarf, neutron star, or small-mass black hole). Motivated by this LISA application, we use first-order perturbation theory to study tidal coupling for a special, idealized case: a Schwarzschild black hole of mass M, tidally perturbed by a "moon" with mass µ >M with orbital angular velocity Omega. We investigate the details of how the tidal deformation of the hole gives rise to an induced quadrupole moment [script I]ij in the hole's external gravitational field at large radii, including the vicinity of the moon. In the limit that the moon is static, we find, in Schwarzschild coordinates and Regge-Wheeler gauge, the surprising result that there is no induced quadrupole moment. We show that this conclusion is gauge dependent and that the static, induced quadrupole moment for a black hole is inherently ambiguous, and we contrast this with an earlier result of Suen, which gave, in a very different gauge, a nonzero static induced quadrupole moment with a sign opposite to what one would get for a fluid central body. For the orbiting moon and the central Schwarzschild hole, we find (in agreement with a recent result of Poisson) a time-varying induced quadrupole moment that is proportional to the time derivative of the moon's tidal field, [script I]ij=(32/45)M6[script E]-dotij and that therefore is out of phase with the tidal field by a spatial angle pi/4 and by a temporal phase shift pi/2. This induced quadrupole moment produces a gravitational force on the moon that reduces its orbital energy and angular momentum at the same rate as the moon's tidal field sends energy and angular momentum into the hole's horizon. As a partial analog of a result derived long ago by Hartle for a spinning hole and a static distant companion, we show that the orbiting moon's tidal field induces a tidal bulge on the hole's horizon, and that the rate of change of the horizon shape (i.e. the horizon shear) leads the perturbing tidal field at the horizon by an angle 4MOmega. We prefer to avoid introducing an ingoing null geodesic, as Hartle did in his definition of the phase shift, because the moon is in the central body's near zone (b<<1/Omega) and thus should interact with the horizon instantaneously, not causally. We discuss the implications of these results for LISA's future observations of tidal coupling, including the inappropriateness of using the concepts of tidal polarizability and tidal lag or lead angle, for the massive central body, when discussing LISA's observations.
Optimization of a Method for Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assays in the Marine Invertebrate Chordate Ciona

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays allow the efficient characterization of the in vivo occupancy of genomic regions by DNA-binding proteins and thus facilitate the prediction of cis-regulatory sequences in silico and guide their validation in vivo. For these reasons, these assays and their permutations (e.g., ChIP-on-chip and ChIP-sequencing) are currently being extended to several non-mainstream model organisms, as the availability of specific antibodies increases. Here, we describe the development of a polyclonal antibody against the Brachyury protein of the marine invertebrate chordate Ciona intestinalis and provide a detailed ChIP protocol that should be easily adaptable to other marine organisms.
Human Papillomavirus in Primary Epithelial Tumors of the Lacrunal Sac

Background: The lacrimal sac epithelium can give rise to benign and malignant neoplasms. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is known to be causal in the development of epithelial neoplasias elsewhere in the body. The authors have examined primary lacrimal sac tumors for the presence of HPV. Methods: Nine primary lacrimal sac tumors (3 benign papillomas and 6 carcinomas) submitted to the Eye Pathology Laboratories at the Wilmer Institute between 1960 and 1991 were examined for the presence of HPV sequences by in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Of the nine tumors, only six were suitable for analysis by PCR or in situ hybridization. All three papillomas were positive for HPV type 11. Three of the carcinomas were positive for HPV sequences, and one case could be further characterized as HPV type 18. Conclusions: Human papillomaviruses appear to be involved in the genesis of both benign and malignant neoplasms of the lacrimal sac epithelium. As in the genital tract, HPV type 11 is associated with benign lesions, whereas HPV type 18 is associated with malignancy.
The effective population size of an age-structured population with a sex-linked locus.

Abstract Let a population have the same age distribution and age-specific sex ratios at times 0, 1, 2, …, and let M , F , and L , respectively, be the numbers of males and females in the youngest age group and the generation interval. It can then be shown that if there is a sex-linked locus the fixation probabilities of a neutral allele are respectively 1⧸3 LM or 1⧸3 LF if the allele first appears in one newborn male or in one newborn female. The effective population size can then be derived. It is the same as for a population with discrete generations having the same means, variances, and covariances of male and female progeny during a lifetime and the same number of individuals entering the population per generation.
Organic-Inorganic Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) Dendrimer-Polyhedral Oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) Nanohybrids

A series of novel core−shell organic−inorganic hybrid materials having polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer cores and polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) shells were prepared. Compositional variety o...
A new test for social investigation in mice: effects of d-amphetamine.

A new automated device that concurrently records social investigatory responses and spontaneous motor activity is described and the effects of d-amphetamine are presented. The rectangular Plexiglas apparatus was divided into three compartments, separated from each other by wire mesh screens. A male mouse was placed into the center compartment and the amount of time spent investigating the two adjacent stimulus comartments was recorded using contact circuits. One stimulus compartment housed a female conspecific, while the other remained uninhabited and served as a control for nonsocial investigatory responses. A photocell bisected the center compartment and recorded motor activity. Doses of 0, 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine administered to both sexually naive and sexually experienced male mice resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in investigation of both stimulus chambers, however social investigation was significantly affected at a lower dose. Both groups of males preferred the female to the uninhabited chamber at all but the highest dose of d-amphetamine, which abolished the preference. Locomotor activity for both inexperienced and experienced males increased with increasing doses of d-amphetamine.
Multiplexing superconducting quantum interface device detection coils

A simple thermally controlled, thin‐film superconducting switch was developed for the purpose of multiplexing superconducting quantum interference device detection coils. Switching speeds of a few microseconds were achieved and multiplexing at low frequencies was demonstrated.
A proof that the discrete singular convolution (DSC)/Lagrange-distributed approximating function (LDAF) method is inferior to high order finite differences

Finite differences approximate the mth derivative of a function u(x) by a series @?"j"="-"N^Nd"j^(^m^)u(x"j), where the x"j are the grid points. The closely-related discrete singular convolution (DSC) and Lagrange-distributed approximating function (LDAF) methods, treated here as a single algorithm, approximate derivatives in the same way as finite differences but with different numerical weights that depend upon a free parameter a. By means of Fourier analysis and error theorems, we show that the DSC is worse than the standard finite differences in differentiating exp(ikx) for all k when a>=a"F"D where a"F"D=1/N+1 with N as the stencil width is the value of the DSC parameter that makes its weights most closely resemble those of finite differences. For a