cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Magnetism as a size dependent property: a cognitive sequence for learning about magnetism as an introduction to nanoscale science for middle and high school students

In this study, we use evidence from students in grades 10--12 (N = 148) to document the ways in which children learn about and model their conceptual understanding of magnetism. Our model-based design capitalizes on phenomena that are engaging to students, to describe the behavior of magnetic materials across scale, from the familiar to the nanoscale. Data are drawn from written responses to pre- and post-questionnaires, embedded assessments, activity journal pages, and informal interviews, to describe a progression of students' mental models of magnetism. Our goal is to integrate multiple related concepts to describe possible pathways for learning. An implication of this work is that it may be used to inform level-appropriate strategies for both instruction and assessment for the study of magnetism across scale.
The performative journalist Job satisfaction, temporary workers and American television news

Television news operations are increasingly turning to freelance workers for newsroom staffing. This article traces the economic and industry conditions that led to the rise of a non-staff workforc...
Predicting connectivity of green turtles at Palmyra Atoll, central Pacific: a focus on mtDNA and dispersal modelling

Population connectivity and spatial distribution are fundamentally related to ecology, evolution and behaviour. Here, we combined powerful genetic analysis with simulations of particle dispersal in a high-resolution ocean circulation model to investigate the distribution of green turtles foraging at the remote Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, central Pacific. We analysed mitochondrial sequences from turtles ( n = 349) collected there over 5 years (2008–2012). Genetic analysis assigned natal origins almost exclusively (approx. 97%) to the West Central and South Central Pacific combined Regional Management Units. Further, our modelling results indicated that turtles could potentially drift from rookeries to Palmyra Atoll via surface currents along a near-Equatorial swathe traversing the Pacific. Comparing findings from genetics and modelling highlighted the complex impacts of ocean currents and behaviour on natal origins. Although the Palmyra feeding ground was highly differentiated genetically from others in the Indo-Pacific, there was no significant differentiation among years, sexes or stage-classes at the Refuge. Understanding the distribution of this foraging population advances knowledge of green turtles and contributes to effective conservation planning for this threatened species.
Current management of symptomatic intracranial stenosis.

Intracranial arterial stenosis (IAS) is the cause of about 10% of all ischemic strokes in the United States, but may account for about 40% of strokes in some populations. After a stroke or transient ischemic attack due to IAS, patients face a 12% annual risk of recurrent stroke on medical therapy, with most strokes occurring in the first year. Warfarin is no better than aspirin in preventing recurrent strokes but poses a higher risk of serious bleeding and death. Groups with the highest risk of recurrent stroke are those with high-grade (≥70%) stenosis, those with recent symptom onset, those with symptoms precipitated by hemodynamic maneuvers, and women. Endovascular treatment of IAS is a rapidly evolving therapeutic option. Antiplatelet agents are currently recommended as the primary treatment for symptomatic IAS, with endovascular therapy reserved for appropriate high-risk cases refractory to medical therapy.
Additional Evidence on the Relationship between Class Size and Student Performance

Much of the economic education literature suggests that the principles of economics class size does not significantly affect student performance. However, study methods have varied in terms of the aggregation level (student or class), the measure of performance (TUCE or course letter grade), and the class size measure (e.g., students who completed both the TUCE pretest and posttest). The authors perform an experiment with principles students using total exam points as the dependent variable in a model to explain student performance. By using the same instructor for all sections, the authors control variation in instruction, lecture material, and topic coverage; they also account for variation in student abilities. In contrast to many other studies, the authors find statistically significant evidence that small class size has a positive impact on student performance.
Interannual variability in the timing of New England shellfish toxicity and relationships to environmental forcing

Routine monitoring along the coast of the Gulf of Maine (GoM) reveals shellfish toxicity nearly every summer, but at varying times, locations, and magnitudes. The responsible toxin is known to be produced by the dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense, yet there is little apparent association between Alexandrium abundance and shellfish toxicity. One possibility is that toxic cells are persistent in offshore areas and variability in shellfish toxicity is caused not by changes in overall abundance, but rather by variability in transport processes. Measurements of offshore Alexandrium biomass are scarce, so we bypass cell abundance as an explanatory variable and focus instead on the relations between shellfish toxicity and concurrent metrics of GoM meteorology, hydrology, and oceanography. While this yields over two decades (1985–2005) of data representing a variety of interannual conditions, the toxicity data are gappy in spatial and temporal coverage. We address this through a combination of parametric curve fitting and hierarchical cluster analysis to reveal eight archetypical modes of seasonal toxicity timing. Groups of locations are then formed that have similar interannual patterns in these archetypes. Finally, the interannual patterns within each group are related to available environmental metrics using classification trees. Results indicate that a weak cross-shore sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the summer is the strongest correlate of shellfish toxicity, likely by signifying a hydrological connection between offshore Alexandrium populations and near-shore shellfish beds. High cumulative downwelling wind strength early in the season is revealed as a precursor consistent with this mechanism. Although previous studies suggest that alongshore transport is important in moving Alexandrium from the eastern to western GoM, alongshore SST gradient is not an important correlate of toxicity in our study. We conclude by discussing the implications of our results for designing efficient and effective shellfish monitoring programs along the GoM coast.
Bridging the micro-to-macro gap: a new application for micro X-ray fluorescence.

X-ray elemental mapping and X-ray spectrum imaging are powerful microanalytical tools. However, their scope is often limited spatially by the raster area of a scanning electron microscope or microprobe. Limited sampling size becomes a significant issue when large area (>10 cm2), heterogeneous materials such as concrete samples or others must be examined. In such specimens, macro-scale structures, inclusions, and concentration gradients are often of interest, yet microbeam methods are insufficient or at least inefficient for analyzing them. Such requirements largely exclude the samples of interest presented in this article from electron probe microanalysis. Micro X-ray fluorescence–X-ray spectrum imaging (μXRF-XSI) provides a solution to the problem of macro-scale X-ray imaging through an X-ray excitation source, which can be used to analyze a variety of large specimens without many of the limitations found in electron-excitation sources. Using a mid-sized beam coupled with an X-ray excitation source has a number of advantages, such as the ability to work at atmospheric pressure and lower limits of detection owing to the absence of electron-induced bremsstrahlung. μXRF-XSI also acts as a complement, where applicable, to electron microbeam X-ray output, highlighting areas of interest for follow-up microanalysis at a finer length scale.
Comprehensive, quantitative, congener-specific analyses of eight aroclors and complete PCB congener assignments on DB-1 capillary GC columns

Abstract We have determined complete polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener assignments and weight percent distributions for all major (> 0.5 wt %) PCB components of Aroclors 1221, 1232, 1242, 1016, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262 that are resolved by DB-1 (polydimethylsiloxane) capillary GC columns. Aroclor components present between 0.05 and 0.5 wt % were also identified but not quantified. Quantitation was done using a combination of GC-ELCD (Hall electrolytic conductivity detector) and GC-MS measurements. All 209 PCB congeners have been assigned to the 124 peaks that can be resolved on DB-1 columns. The data support use of these eight Aroclors individually or in customized standards for calibrating the comprehensive, quantitative, congener-specific PCB analyses that are necessary for accurate quantitation of the complex and often radically altered mixtures of PCBs typically found in the environment.
The role of senescence and prosurvival signaling in controlling the oncogenic activity of FGFR2 mutants associated with cancer and birth defects

Mutations in fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) cause human birth defect syndromes and are associated with a variety of cancers. Although forced expression of mutant activated FGFRs has been shown to oncogenically transform some immortal cell types, their activity in primary cells remains unclear. Here, we show that birth defect and cancer-associated FGFR2 mutants promote DNA-damage signaling and p53-dependent senescence in primary mouse and human cells. Senescence promoted by FGFR mutants was associated with downregulation of c-Myc and forced expression of c-Myc facilitated senescence escape. Whereas c-Myc expression facilitated senescence bypass, mutant FGFR2 signaling suppressed c-Myc-dependent apoptosis and led to oncogenic transformation. Cells transformed by coexpression of a constitutively activated FGFR2 mutant plus c-Myc appeared to be become highly addicted to FGFR-dependent prosurvival activities, as small molecule inhibition of FGFR signaling resulted in robust p53-dependent apoptosis. Our data suggest that senescence-promoting activities of mutant FGFRs may normally limit their oncogenic potential and may be relevant to their ability to disrupt morphogenesis and cause birth defects. Our results also raise the possibility that cancers originating through a combination of constitutive FGFR activation and deregulated Myc expression may be particularly sensitive to small molecule inhibitors of FGF receptors.
Adaptive time-critical resource management using time/utility functions: past, present, and future

Time/utility function time constraints (or TUFs) and utility accrual (UA) scheduling optimality criteria, constitute, arguably, the most effective and broadest approach for adaptive, dynamic time-critical resource management. A TUF, which is a generalization of the classical deadline constraint, specifies the utility of completing an application activity as an application-or situation-specific function of that activity's completion time. With TUF time constraints, timeliness optimality criteria can be specified in terms of accrued (e.g., summed) activity utilities. This work overviews past and recent advances on adaptive resource management for dynamic time-critical systems using UA algorithms. Emerging challenges and new research directions are also identified.
Antiparallel side-by-side dimeric motif for sequence-specific recognition in the minor groove of DNA by the designed peptide 1-methylimidazole-2 carboxamide netropsin

The designed peptide 1-methylimidazole-2-carboxamide netropsin (2-ImN) binds specifically to the sequence 5'-TGACT-3'. Direct evidence from NMR spectroscopy is presented that this synthetic ligand binds DNA as a 2:1 complex, which reveals that the structure is an antiparallel dimer in the minor groove of DNA. This is in contrast to the 1:1 complexes usually seen with most crescent-shaped minor groove binding molecules targeted toward A+T-rich tracts but reminiscent of a dimeric motif found for distamycin at high concentrations. These results suggest that sequence-dependent groove width may play an important role in allowing an expanded set of DNA binding motifs for synthetic peptides.
Nitazoxanide Inhibits Pilus Biogenesis by Interfering with Folding of the Usher Protein in the Outer Membrane

Many bacterial pathogens assemble surface fibers termed pili or fimbriae that facilitate attachment to host cells and colonization of host tissues. The chaperone/usher (CU) pathway is a conserved secretion system that is responsible for the assembly of virulence-associated pili by many different Gram-negative bacteria. Pilus biogenesis by the CU pathway requires a dedicated periplasmic chaperone and an integral outer membrane (OM) assembly and secretion platform termed the usher. Nitazoxanide (NTZ), an antiparasitic drug, was previously shown to inhibit the function of aggregative adherence fimbriae and type 1 pili assembled by the CU pathway in enteroaggregativeEscherichia coli, an important causative agent of diarrhea. We show here that NTZ also inhibits the function of type 1 and P pili from uropathogenicE. coli(UPEC). UPEC is the primary causative agent of urinary tract infections, and type 1 and P pili mediate colonization of the bladder and kidneys, respectively. By analysis of the different stages of the CU pilus biogenesis pathway, we show that treatment of bacteria with NTZ causes a reduction in the number of usher molecules in the OM, resulting in a loss of pilus assembly on the bacterial surface. In addition, we determine that NTZ specifically prevents proper folding of the usher β-barrel domain in the OM. Our findings demonstrate that NTZ is a pilicide with a novel mechanism of action and activity against diverse CU pathways. This suggests that further development of the NTZ scaffold may lead to new antivirulence agents that target the usher to prevent pilus assembly.
A Critical Time Step Approach to Monte Carlo Reliability Calculation

An improved method, called Simulation of System Operation for Reliability Analysis, for utilizing Monte Carlo techniques in the computer analysis of the reliability of complex systems is presented....
Two Methods to Compute Water Surface Profiles

Two methods for computation of water surface profiles used for development of tail water rating curves and backwater profiles; examples of each method are included which show computational procedure; tail water curves are used in design of power plants, pumping plants, and energy dissipators such as stilling basins; use of backwater curve above dam for reservoir land acquisitions and easements, design of new pumping plants, bridges, power plants.
Transforming Teaching and Learning: Implications of a One-to-One Laptop Initiative for Professional Learning and Teacher Practices

Increased access to technology in school districts across the United States has sparked a growing demand for teachers and administrators to transform traditional teaching and learning models. These changes require a clear vision and plan to support educators through the transition. This paper presents findings from the second year evaluation of a one-to-one student laptop initiative in a large urban district in the United States that illustrate the impact of vision and planning on efforts to support changes in teacher practice, classroom culture, and student engagement. Additionally, this paper details how an outside evaluation has informed practice within the district and mobilized leaders to move towards a more personalized professional learning approach designed to leverage the power of technology. Strategies and recommendations for how to better support district and school leaders in using technology to enhance teaching and learning are provided.
Social impairment in schizophrenia: New approaches for treating a persistent problem

Purpose of reviewDeficits in social cognition are an important determinant of social functioning in schizophrenia, a core feature of the illness that persists despite treatment. Recent research in neuroplasticity-based therapeutics shows that neural systems supporting core cognitive skills improve a
Production of Secondary Conidia by Helicoma Proliferans

1. Gerdemann, J. W., and J. M. Trappe. 1974. The Endogonaceae in the Pacific Northwest. Mycologia Mem. 5: 1-76. 2. Lundeberg, G. 1970. Utilization of various nitrogen sources, in particular bound soil nitrogen, by mycorrhizal fungi. Stud. Forest. Suec. 79: 1-95. 3. Trappe, J. M. 1967. Principles of classifying ectotrophic mycorrhizae for identification of fungal symbionts. XIV Int. Union Forest Res. Organ. Sec. 24 5: 46-59.
Blood flow to fetal organs as a function of arterial oxygen content

In a sheep preparation the blood flow to fetal organs was studied 3 to 10 days after surgery by means of the microsphere technique over a range of fetal arterial O 2 content from 6 to 1mM. Blood flows to neural tissues (cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem), heart, and the adrenals increased in inverse relation to arterial O 2 content. As a result the arterial supply of O 2 to these organs tended to remain constant over the O 2 range studied. Blood flow to the fetal lungs decreased progressively with hypoxia. The blood flow to kidneys, digestive tract, pancreas, and carcass had a tendency to remain constant or increase gradually in the transition from high to moderately low levels of arterial O 2 content and then to decrease abruptly in more severe hypoxia. Umbilical blood flow did not change systematically in relation to arterial O 2 content.
Socioeconomic disparities affect survival after aortic dissection.

Objective The effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on the course of many disease states has been documented in the literature but has not been studied in aortic dissection. This study evaluated the effect of SES on 30-day and long-term survival of patients after aortic dissection. Methods Hospital discharge records were used to identify patients with acute aortic dissection. Patient demographics, insurance status, comorbidities, and 30-day mortality were collected. Home addresses were used to estimate each patient's median household income, and the neighborhood deprivation index, a measure of SES, was determined. Long-term survival was assessed by review of the Social Security Death Index. Associations between demographics, insurance status, comorbidities, and poverty level were investigated to determine their effect on survival. Results There were 212 aortic dissections; of which, 118 were type A and 94 were type B. Median follow-up was 7.6 years. The neighborhood deprivation index (hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.16-1.78; P = .001) was associated with reduced long-term survival and was also significantly associated with 30-day mortality (hazard ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.93; P = .02). The mean neighborhood deprivation index score was higher in patients with type B aortic dissections (0.45 ± 0.93) than in those with type A aortic dissections (0.16 ± 0.96; P = .029). Conclusions Patients with a lower SES had reduced short-term and long-term survival after aortic dissection. Patients with type B dissection live in lower socioeconomic neighborhoods than patients with type A dissection.
Characterization of Polyphenol Effects on Inhibition and Promotion of Iron Uptake by Caco-2 Cells.

Polyphenolic compounds present in the seed coat of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are known to act collectively as inhibitors of iron bioavailability. Recent research identified specific polyphenols as being potent Fe uptake inhibitors. That research also identified other polyphenols as being promoters of Fe uptake. The present study extends that work using a Caco-2 cell model to characterize the effects of 43 additional polyphenols on Fe uptake. In addition, this study indicates that the inhibitory compounds have a more potent effect that outweighs the ability of promoting compounds to increase Fe uptake. For example, a ratio of 100:0 epicatechin (a promoter)/myricetin (an inhibitor) produced 78.5 ± 6.7 ng ferritin/mg protein, 90:10 yielded 27.4 ± 3.0, 50:50 yielded 3.42 ± 0.54, and 0:100 yielded 2.26 ± 0.25 ng ferritin/mg protein. A simulation of the relative concentrations of eight major polyphenols (four inhibitors, four promoters) present in a sample of black bean seed coats demonstrated that mo...
Prey: Digital Storytelling

Prey is a reinvention of lucid childhood dreamscapes and a recreation of imaginary entities made incarnate in the form of three interactive novels. The stories embedded within must be coaxed using touch, rather than follow the contemporary tradition of reading text. Prey uses this natural and intimate gesture to guide mindful interaction with personally meaningful artifacts. Technology lives quietly in the background, allowing users to reflect directly on the rich materiality of the piece and their own sensorial experiences without distraction.
Human skin gene expression: Natural (trans) resveratrol versus five resveratrol analogs for dermal applications:

Resveratrol (RV) is a polyphenolic compound naturally produced by plants. Polyphenolic compounds incorporated into medicinal products are beneficial but, RV is rapidly metabolized with an associated decline in biological activity. This study tested RV as the standard and compared five structurally modified RV analogs: butyrate, isobutyrate, palmitoate, acetate, and diacetate (to improve functionality) at 1% concentration(s) for 24 h in epiderm full thickness cultures by gene array/qPCR mRNA analysis. When silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1, extracellular elements (collagen1A1, 3A1, 4A1; elastin, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1, fibrillin 1 laminin beta1 and matrix metalloproteinase 9), anti-aging and aging genes, inflammatory biomarkers (interleukin-1A [IL1A], IL1R2, IL-6 and IL-8), nerve growth factor, and the antioxidants (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, catalase, superoxide dismutase and metallothionein 1H/2H) were evaluated, ranking each from highest-to-lowest for gene expression: butyrate > isobutyrate > diacetate > acetate > palmitoate. This study showed that the butyrate and isobutyrate analogs are more biologically active compared to resveratrol and have potential use in topical applications to improve dermal and other health applications. Impact statement Resveratrol has been reported to have a wide variety of health benefits but its rapid metabolism especially after oral ingestion results in very low bioavailability. Notably, the first human skin gene expression study of resveratrol was not published until 2014. The purpose of this study was to determine if increased stability and biological activity could be obtained by modifying the chemical structure of natural (trans) resveratrol and quantifying human gene expression by qPCR of skin biomarkers that enhance dermal health. Five resveratrol analogs were synthesized that increased their lipophilic index to enhance tissue penetration and augment biological activities on the measured parameters that expand the current knowledge of structure/function relationships. The butyrate and isobutyrate modifications displayed gene expression values significantly above resveratrol and suggest that oral application of these and potentially other resveratrol analogs may yield similar results to improve stability and biological activity to benefit/address various disorders/diseases.
Benefits of Exercise: Effect on Mortality and Physiological Function

The effect of exercise on mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) is equivocal. Primary prevention studies have shown favorable results regarding persons who are active at work or during leisure time compared to sedentary persons. However, non-randomization and sample selection problems make their validity questionable. More recent evidence from Morris (1–3) on civil servants and Paffenbarger (4–7) on longshoremen and Harvard graduates provide stronger evidence for physical activity as an independent risk factor. Of the nine randomized trials concerning cardiac rehabilitation after myocardial infarction (MI), seven showed inconclusive results (8–14), while two showed a favorable effect (15,16). The two favorable studies had multiple interventions (low cholesterol diet and/or smoking cessation), and thus, could not provide conclusive evidence for an independent effect of exercise. High dropout/cross over rates, small sample size, sample selection, and modest exercise protocols make data difficult to interpret.
Organizational Characteristics in Residential Rental Buildings: Exploring the Role of Centralization in Energy Outcomes

Organizational literature often points to decentralization as a driving force behind the success of organizations, but centralization can have benefits as well, particularly for energy efficiency initiatives in particular contexts. This paper conceptualizes the multifamily residential building as an organization, and posits that in large, multifamily rental properties a measure of centralization is helpful and even necessary for the effective management of energy conservation. This research relies on qualitative interviews, site visits, and publicly available energy data from a sample of New York City residential properties to examine the organizational characteristics that contribute to the building’s energy consumption. Findings indicate that certain organizational characteristics lend themselves to more centralized building management. These types of residential rental buildings, in turn, performed better than expected in annual energy consumption compared to other properties. This research carries important implications for social science and behavioral researchers, as well as building owner organizations and management firms, who can better craft programs and policies in buildings to capitalize on these organizational characteristics.
Tics and Tourette Syndrome

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset, neurodevelopmental disorder that is diagnosed based on the presence of chronic motor and vocal tics. This chapter reviews the core clinical characteristic of tics and associated features including premonitory urges and contextual factors of tic expression. Co-occurring conditions including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, and disruptive behavior disorders are common in children with TS. The chapter provides guidelines for diagnostic assessment of TS and co-occurring psychopathology as well as a review of psychometric measures of tic severity. Current research on neurobiological underpinnings of tics and pathophysiology of TS is also reviewed and linked to an overview of behavioral and psychopharmacological treatment approaches. Particular attention is dedicated to a behavioral intervention for tics known as habit reversal training (HRT) or comprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT). Recent research on clinical efficacy and moderators of response to CBIT is discussed and clinical recommendations for implementing CBIT for common tics are provided. Lastly, behavioral interventions for irritability and noncompliance that are common in children with TS are also reviewed and related to recommendations for comprehensive clinical care for individuals with TS.
Missouri-Specific Crash Prediction Model for Signalized Intersections:

The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) provides guidance and tools to conduct quantitative safety analysis. Crash prediction models are used to estimate the expected number of crashes per year, by facilit...
Computerized Quantitative Electrocardiography: Potential Roles in Evaluating the Cardiac Patient

Essential elements in the care of patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) include prompt recognition of the problem, initiation of appropriate therapy, identification and treatment of complications, assessment of prognosis, and development of a treatment plan. Although each of these elements has gradually evolved with changes in medical knowledge and technology, the last few years have seen several important advancements. The most notable developments have been the use of thrombolytic agents and coronary angioplasty in efforts to limit MI size (1). The care of the MI patient has also been improved by the identification of markers for increased risk of cardiac mortality such as reduced ventricular function and complex ventricular ectopy (2).
Multi-Omics Strategies Uncover Host–Pathogen Interactions

With the success of the Human Genome Project, large-scale systemic projects became a reality that enabled rapid development of the systems biology field. Systems biology approaches to host–pathogen...
Photon-Level Tuning of a High-Q Lithium Niobate Photonic Crystal Nanocavity

We report an all-optical approach for extremely efficient tuning of a high-Q lithium niobate photonic crystal nanocavity, with a significant resonance tuning rate of 110 MHz/photon. © 2019 The Author(s)
UV Laser-Induced, Time-Resolved Transcriptome Responses of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

We determined the effect on gene transcription of laser-mediated, long-wavelength UV-irradiation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by RNAseq analysis at times T15, T30, and T60 min after recovery in growth medium. Laser-irradiated cells were viable, and the transcriptional response was transient, with over 400 genes differentially expressed at T15 or T30, returning to basal level transcription by T60. Identification of transcripts exhibiting enhanced differential expression that were unique to UV laser-irradiation were identified by imposing a stringent significance cut-off (P 2) then filtering out genes known as environmental stress response (ESR) genes. Using these rigorous criteria, 56 genes were differentially expressed at T15; at T30 differential expression was observed for 57 genes, some of which persisted from T15. Among the highly up-regulated genes were those supporting amino acid metabolic processes sulfur amino acids, methionine, aspartate, cysteine, serine), sulfur regulation (hydrogen sulfite metabolic processes, sulfate assimilation, sulfate reduction), proteasome components, amino acid transporters, and the iron regulon. At T30, the expression profile shifted to expression of transcripts related to catabolic processes (oxidoreductase activity, peptidase activity). Transcripts common to both T15 and T30 suggested an up-regulation of catabolic events, including UV damage response genes, and protein catabolism via proteasome and peptidase activity. Specific genes encoding tRNAs were among the down-regulated genes adding to the suggestion that control of protein biosynthesis was a major response to long-wave UV laser irradiation. These transcriptional responses highlight the remarkable ability of the yeast cell to respond to a UV-induced environmental insult.
Soteria House and Open Dialogue Therapy

This chapter describes two modern-day humanistic approaches to treating schizophrenia with a humanistic, client-centered approach and minimal use of neuroleptic drugs: Soteria House in the United States and Open Dialogue Therapy in Finland. This chapter features an interview with Jaako Seikkula, Professor of Psychotherapy at the University of Jyvaskyla and one of the founders of Open Dialogue.
Kidney and Adrenal Gland

This chapter outlines practical approach to rapid on-site assessment of fine needle aspiration of the kidney and adrenal gland. It discusses the important diagnostic considerations in the assessment of lesions from both organs. Kidney lesions are divided into three broad categories: cystic lesions, benign neoplasms, and malignant neoplasms, while adrenal gland lesions are divided into two categories: benign neoplasms and malignant neoplasms. Cytomorphologic features and diagnostic pitfalls of the different entities are discussed.
Evaluation of a brief intervention to reduce cell phone use in college students

Abstract Background Excessive cell phone use contributes to distracted driving, may increase risk for automobile accidents, and a minority of mobile phone users exhibit behaviors consistent with technological addiction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cell phone beliefs and behaviors could be changed by a brief educational encounter. The Theory of Reasoned Action provided a lens for viewing attitudes and behavior. Methods A one-week pre-post design with a thirty-day follow-up was used with participants (N = 215, 67.0% female, age = 20.0 + 1.6) assigned to a peer led intervention or comparison groups. The intervention included cell-phone educational materials. A short index of cell phone behavior was developed which showed good internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha of .81. Results The intervention group “agreed” or “strongly-agreed” more than the comparison group on five of the seven areas of cell phone beliefs and behaviors (p Discussion We conclude that attitudes and behaviors regarding cell phones are malleable and susceptible to change in young-adults following a brief psychoeducational intervention.
Homogeneity Tests of Covariance and Change-Points Identification for High-Dimensional Functional Data

We consider inference problems for high-dimensional (HD) functional data with a dense number (T) of repeated measurements taken for a large number of p variables from a small number of n experimental units. The spatial and temporal dependence, high dimensionality, and the dense number of repeated measurements all make theoretical studies and computation challenging. This paper has two aims; our first aim is to solve the theoretical and computational challenges in detecting and identifying change points among covariance matrices from HD functional data. The second aim is to provide computationally efficient and tuning-free tools with a guaranteed stochastic error control. The change point detection procedure is developed in the form of testing the homogeneity of covariance matrices. The weak convergence of the stochastic process formed by the test statistics is established under the "large p, large T and small n" setting. Under a mild set of conditions, our change point identification estimator is proven to be consistent for change points in any location of a sequence. Its rate of convergence depends on the data dimension, sample size, number of repeated measurements, and signal-to-noise ratio. We also show that our proposed computation algorithms can significantly reduce the computation time and are applicable to real-world data such as fMRI data with a large number of HD repeated measurements. Simulation results demonstrate both finite sample performance and computational effectiveness of our proposed procedures. We observe that the empirical size of the test is well controlled at the nominal level, and the locations of multiple change points can accurately be identified. An application to fMRI data demonstrates that our proposed methods can identify event boundaries in the preface of the movie Sherlock. Our proposed procedures are implemented in an R package TechPhD.
Neurologically Devastating Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage in COVID-19 Patients on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case Series.

Background and importance Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) represents a life-saving therapy in cases of refractory hypoxia and has been utilized in patients suffering from the most severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A strikingly high mortality rate of 94% was described in early reports of patients with COVID-19 transitioned to ECMO. Later case reports and series demonstrating successful recovery from COVID-19 after ECMO have revived interest in this therapeutic modality, including the recent approval of ECMO for COVID-19 patients by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Here, we present the first reports of devastating intracranial hemorrhage as a complication of veno-venous (VV) ECMO in two COVID-19 patients. Clinical presentation We performed a retrospective analysis of 2 cases of devastating intracranial hemorrhage in patients on VV-ECMO for the treatment of COVID-19. Collected data included clinical history, laboratory results, treatment, and review of all available imaging. Both patients demonstrated activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTT) within an appropriate therapeutic range. No risk factors that clearly predicted likelihood of this complication were identified. Conclusion Understanding the complications of ECMO in this cohort and developing therapeutic algorithms to aid in optimal patient selection will be critical in the limited resource setting experienced as a result of global pandemic. We propose the use of head computed tomography (CT) to identify devastating neurological complications as early as possible, aiding in the resource allocation of ECMO machines to the most appropriately selected patients.
A 512-Channel Multi-Layer Polymer-Based Neural Probe Array

We present for the first time the design, fabrication, and preliminary bench-top characterization of a high-density, polymer-based penetrating microelectrode array, developed for chronic, large-scale recording in the cortices and hippocampi of behaving rats. We present two architectures for these targeted brain regions, both featuring 512 Pt recording electrodes patterned front-and-back on micromachined eight-shank arrays of thin-film Parylene C. These devices represent an order of magnitude improvement in both number and density of recording electrodes compared with prior work on polymer-based microelectrode arrays. We present enabling advances in polymer micro-machining related to lithographic resolution and a new method for back-side patterning of electrodes. In vitro electrochemical data verifies suitable electrode function and surface properties. Finally, we describe next steps toward the implementation of these arrays in chronic, large-scale recording studies in free-moving animal models. [2020-0109]
Computational tools for the spectroscopic analysis of white dwarfs

The spectroscopic features of white dwarfs are formed in the thin upper layer of their stellar photosphere. These features carry information about the white dwarf's surface temperature, surface gravity, and chemical composition (hereafter 'labels'). Existing methods to determine these labels rely on complex ab-initio theoretical models which are not always publicly available. Here we present two techniques to determine atmospheric labels from white dwarf spectra: a generative fitting pipeline that interpolates theoretical spectra with artificial neural networks, and a random forest regression model using parameters derived from absorption line features. We test and compare our methods using a large catalog of white dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), achieving the same accuracy and negligible bias compared to previous studies. We package our techniques into an open-source Python module 'wdtools' that provides a computationally inexpensive way to determine stellar labels from white dwarf spectra observed from any facility. We will actively develop and update our tool as more theoretical models become publicly available. We discuss applications of our tool in its present form to identify interesting outlier white dwarf systems including those with magnetic fields, helium-rich atmospheres, and double-degenerate binaries.
Geodesic motion on $\mathsf{SL}(n)$ with the Hilbert-Schmidt metric

We study the geometry of geodesics on $\mathsf{SL}(n)$, equipped with the Hilbert-Schmidt metric which makes it a Riemannian manifold. These geodesics are known to be related to affine motions of incompressible ideal fluids. The $n = 2$ case is special and completely integrable, and the geodesic motion was completely described by Roberts, Shkoller, and Sideris; when $n = 3$, Sideris demonstrated some interesting features of the dynamics and analyzed several classes of explicit solutions. Our analysis shows that the geodesics in higher dimensions exhibit much more complex dynamics. We generalize the Virial-identity-based criterion of unboundedness of geodesic given by Sideris, and use it to give an alternative proof of the classification of geodesics in 2D obtained by Roberts--Shkoller--Sideris. We study several explicit families of solutions in general dimensions that generalize those found by Sideris in 3D. We additionally classify all "exponential type" geodesics, and use it to demonstrate the existence of purely rotational solutions whenever $n$ is even. Finally, we study "block diagonal" solutions using a new formulation of the geodesic equation in first order form, that isolates the conserved angular momenta. This reveals the existence of a rich family of bounded geodesic motions in even dimension $n \geq 4$. This in particular allows us to conclude that the generalization of the swirling and shear flows of Sideris to even dimensions $n \geq 4$ are in fact dynamically unstable.
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome proteins regulate intracellular signaling and neuronal function in patient-specific iPSC-derived neurons

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in genes encoding components of the primary cilium and is characterized by hyperphagic obesity. To investigate the molecular basis of obesity in human BBS, we developed a cellular model of BBS using induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPSC-derived) hypothalamic arcuate-like neurons. BBS mutations BBS1M390R and BBS10C91fsX95 did not affect neuronal differentiation efficiency but caused morphological defects, including impaired neurite outgrowth and longer primary cilia. Single-cell RNA sequencing of BBS1M390R hypothalamic neurons identified several downregulated pathways, including insulin and cAMP signaling and axon guidance. Additional studies demonstrated that BBS1M390R and BBS10C91fsX95 mutations impaired insulin signaling in both human fibroblasts and iPSC-derived neurons. Overexpression of intact BBS10 fully restored insulin signaling by restoring insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in BBS10C91fsX95 neurons. Moreover, mutations in BBS1 and BBS10 impaired leptin-mediated p-STAT3 activation in iPSC-derived hypothalamic neurons. Correction of the BBS mutation by CRISPR rescued leptin signaling. POMC expression and neuropeptide production were decreased in BBS1M390R and BBS10C91fsX95 iPSC-derived hypothalamic neurons. In the aggregate, these data provide insights into the anatomic and functional mechanisms by which components of the BBSome in CNS primary cilia mediate effects on energy homeostasis.
The Effect of Fluid Volume Fed on the Serum Immunoglobulin in Calves

Serum immunoglobulin in calves is highly correlated with the mass of immunoglobulin in colostrum fed in the first 24 hours of life. The immunoglobulin concentration of colostrum can be estimated by determining its specific gravity, using a hydrometer. When the specific gravity of colostrum is undetermined, feeding 3. 78 L of colostrum reportedly results in an adequate serum immunoglobulin concentration in calves. The objective of this study was to compare the serum immunoglobulin in calves fed the same mass of immunoglobulin in two different volumes of fluid.
Alternate Possibilities, Divine Omniscience and Critique of Judgement §76

A philosophically and historically influential section of the Critique of Judgement presents an ‘intuitive intellect’ as a mind whose representation is limited to what actually exists, and does not extend to mere possibilities. Kant’s paradigmatic instance of such an intellect is however also the divine mind. This combination threatens to rule out the reality of the mere possibilities presupposed by Kant’s theory of human freedom. Through an analysis of the relevant issues in metaphysical cosmology, modal metaphysics and philosophical theology, I show that Kant in fact possesses the resources to reconcile the philosophical claims of §76 of the Critique of Judgement with his keystone commitment to the reality of human freedom.
Architectural Network as Dynastic Strategy in Fontainebleau's Galerie des Cerfs

Around 1604, Henri IV commissioned a cycle of mural maps depicting royal residences in Fontainebleau's newly constructed Galerie des Cerfs. The gallery was part of Henri IV's response to the dynastic disruption and civil war that had precipitated his ascendance and was designed to signal his authority over France as a unified realm. This article examines the Galerie des Cerfs in the context of contemporary cartography and architecture as an expression of continuity at a moment when the royal family's retreat to the Paris region threatened the political efficacy of the architectural network that had previously sustained the monarchy.
Metal-Organic Framework Materials Coupled to Optical Fibers for Chemical Sensing: A Review

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a newer class of crystalline nanoporous materials, have been in the limelight owing to their exceptional tunability for structures and physicochemical properties, and have found successful applications in gas storage, gas separation, and catalysis. The mesmerizing properties of MOFs, especially the extensive and tunable porosity and chemical selectivity, also make them an excellent candidate class as chemo-sensory materials. Moreover, MOF-based sensors have attracted considerable attention in the past decade. Recent literature reviews focused on the progress of MOF-based electronic sensors and luminescent MOF sensors, while sensors exploiting the dielectric properties (refractive index) of MOFs were also demonstrated and discussed very recently. The motivation of this report is to provide, for the first time, a general review on such MOF sensors with a particular focus on miniature optical fiber (OF) based MOF sensors and to demonstrate the promising potential of MOFs as dielectric coatings on OF for highly sensitive chemical sensing. The fundamental principle of OF-MOF sensors relies on the tunability of the refractive index of a MOF, which is dependent on the amount and type of adsorbed guest molecules in the MOF pores. MOF sensors based on different optical sensing principles are reviewed; challenges and perspectives on further research into the field of OF-MOF sensors are also discussed.
Using a 3-Dimensional Printed Model to Plan Percutaneous Closure of an Unroofed Coronary Sinus.

Author(s): Lee, Dustin T; Venkatesh, Prashanth; Bravo-Jaimes, Katia; Lluri, Gentian; Yang, Eric H; Tan, Weiyi; Perens, Gregory; Prosper, Ashley; Levi, Daniel S; Aboulhosn, Jamil A