cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anatomy and origin of a Cretaceous phosphorite-greensand giant, Egypt

Late Cretaceous epicontinental phosphorites, porcelanites/cherts, dark-coloured shales, glauconitic sandstones and bioclastic and fine-grained carbonate rocks in Egypt are examined in terms of their overall depositional and diagenetic framework and stable isotopic and organic geochemical characteristics. Two main depositional realms are interpreted and correlated through sequence stratigraphic analysis: (1) a shallow hemipelagic environment accompanying initial stages of marine transgression and conducive to the formation of organic carbon-rich shales, biosiliceous sediments and thick phosphorites, and (2) a relatively high energy depositional regime accompanying sea-level fall during which deltas advanced, glauconites were reworked seaward and prograding oyster banks became periodically exposed to episodes of fresh water diagenesis, thereby promoting solution-collapse phenomena in associated cherts. Lenticular to massive phosphorites are viewed as the result of current winnowing and concentration of authigenic grains initially precipitated in associated reducing shales and biosiliceous sediments. In eastern Egypt the phosphorites form winnowed lag layers, some of which may have been redeposited down slope in structural lows. In the west, these sands were concentrated into giant phosphorite sand waves built by reworking of penecontemporaneously deposited phosphatic muds during marine transgression. Carbon isotopic results substantiate interpretations from modern deposits for limitation of phosphate mineral precipitation with depth in sediments as a result of lattice poisoning. However, direct desorption of phosphorus to pore waters from detrital iron-oxyhydroxide phases also may have been important in the Cretaceous setting, the iron reduced in this process being available for incorporation in glauconites. The main locus for authigenic glauconite precipitation appears to be where iron fluxes from regions of lateritic weathering were highest and near the boundary between oxygenated and reduced waters. This study suggests a model for the common coexistence of glauconites and phosphorites in the geological record. Although upwelling is often advocated as the origin of nearly all giant phosphorite deposits, we suggest that some of these may have been strongly influenced by fluvially derived phosphorus borne on particulates and desorbed from these compounds upon flocculation and/or reduction in bottom waters or pore waters.
Transcription initiation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase at the gene II promoter of M13 phage: Stability of ternary complex, direct photocrosslinking to nascent RNA, and retention of б subunit

Abstract The initial stages of transcription have been characterized using a template containing the gene II promoter region of M13 phage. Initiation of transcription in the presence of all four nucleotides gives rise to the 140-residue run-off transcript, with a minor pause at the RNA hexamer stage. Cycling, leading to the accumulation of significant amounts of short oligonucleotides [1], was not observed. An RNA hexamer GUUUUU was the sole product when GpU and UTP were used and the ternary complex with the hexamer was stable and resistant to high salt (0.4 M) and S1 nuclease attack. After direct ultraviolet photocrosslinking of the RNA hexamer to RNA polymerase in the ternary complex, the radioactive label incorporation into various subunits was determined by autoradiography after sodium tetradecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis to be as follows: б, 86%; β, 14%; β′ and α, negligible. Both electrophoresis and sucrose gradient centrifugation experiments indicate that the б subunit is not released from the ternary complex when either the RNA hexamer or the 140-residue RNA is synthesized on this template, even though the complexes are stable.
Effect of soy skim from soybean aqueous processing on the performance of corn ethanol fermentation.

The feasibility of using soy skim, a co-product of the aqueous processing of soybeans, in ethanol production from corn was evaluated. Specific growth rates were compared when Saccharomyces cerevisiae was grown in soy skim and peptone–yeast extract media supplemented with glucose. Such soy skim was proved to be a good nitrogen source for yeast growth. Next, fermentation of dry-ground corn to ethanol using soy skim as the media was simulated on 1.5-L scale. Replacing water with soy skim increased the initial ethanol production rates by 4–32% while final ethanol yield was about 39 g/100 g dry corn, similar to the result when water was used. Solid and protein contents in the finished beer increased with the addition of soy skim. Thus, replacing water in corn-ethanol fermentation with soy skim is feasible, and may improve the economics of both aqueous soybean processing and corn ethanol fermentation.
Generation of a tropoelastin mRNA variant by alternative polyadenylation site selection in sun-damaged human skin and ultraviolet B-irradiated fibroblasts.

Abstract The goal of this research was to delineate the posttranscriptional mechanisms responsible for the increased elastin synthesis characteristic of sundamaged skin. In this study, a unique molecular variant of the tropoelastin mRNA transcript was identified in human sundamaged skin that was derived from the usage of an alternate polyadenylation site. Nonsolar exposed human skin expressed one tropoelastin mRNA species whereas sundamaged human skin expressed the primary tropoelastin mRNA and a larger, alternate tropoelastin mRNA formed from the utilization of a second polyadenylation site. Cultured human skin fibroblasts expressed both tropoelastin transcripts and in vitro UV treatment increased the amount of the unique tropoelastin mRNA. Hairless mouse skin (normal and UV treated) expressed the primary tropoelastin transcript although UV irradiation increased the length of its poly (A) tail two-fold. Therefore, UV radiation may stimulate elastin production by affecting polyadenylation site selection and the poly (A) tail length of tropoelastin mRNA.
Tissue Informatics: High Throughput Tissue Cytometry

The development of high throughput tissue cytometry capable of mapping gene and protein expression profiles in 3-D with subcellular resolution throughout whole organs of small animals extends bioinformatic analysis to physiology and pathology.
Current Status of Health Reporting in Nepali Press

With the introduction of the New Communication Policy 1992, the number of both electronic and print media has increased i n Nepal. The p rint among other media is important because of its ability to present news and views in detail, thus stimulat ing individual's level of understanding. As in other fields, the importance of newspapers in health is also significant, suggesting n eed of research on the quality and the quantity of health reporting in the Nepali press. The Health News Clipping Project studied 11 dailies and 7 weeklies for 28 months , to understand the range of health related topic s covered in the press. Out of 5,968 health news stories captured by the project, the contribution of the Gorkhapatra , the Kantipur and the Annapurna Post was prominent. More than 90% of the reporting was news stories and 83% of these stories' placement was in inside pages, and mostly these s tories covered national issues. The project tracked 42 health related key words in the reporting where health facility, health worker, ministry of health and population, district public health offices, and drug supply were ranked the top five issues. Conte nt analysis of sample coverage revealed that the main portion of reporting was about communicable diseases, health system, service delivery, and governance issues . Eventhough h ealth journal ism in Nepal has a long history, any empirical research has yet to be conducted . Monitoring of health reporting in print media is an important aspect of quality improvement of the health reporting as well as increasing awareness on health to people. It is suggested that the Project could be a role model for the Ministry of Health and Population
Location of civilian ballistic femoral fracture indicates likelihood of arterial injury.

Abstract Background We evaluated whether the location of a ballistic femoral fracture helps predict the presence of arterial injury. We hypothesized that fractures located in the distal third of the femur are associated with a higher rate of arterial injury. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of electronic medical records at our level I trauma centre and found 133 consecutive patients with femoral fractures from civilian gunshots from 2002 to 2007, 14 of whom sustained arterial injury. Fracture extent was measured with computerized viewing software and recorded with a standard technique, calculating proximal, distal, and central locations of the fracture as a function of overall length of the bone. Analyses were conducted with Student's t, Chi-squared, and Fisher's exact tests. Results The location of any fracture line in the distal third of the femur was associated with increased risk of arterial injury (P Conclusions A fracture line in the distal third of the femur after ballistic injury is six times more likely to be associated with arterial injury and warrants careful evaluation. Our data show that fracture location can help alert clinicians to possible arterial injury after ballistic femoral fracture.
TEM in-situ straining of NiAl

Abstract Two NiAl alloys, Ni-50Al and Ni-45Al, have been strained in situ in a transmission electron microscope in order to understand the effect of composition on fracture and on dislocation behavior. For stoichiometric NiAl, it was found that dislocation movement was not restricted to a single plane, whereas for off-stoichiometric NiAl, dislocation moved in well-defined bands. At higher strains, dislocations in stoichiometric NiAl formed a cell structure, whereas dislocations in off-stoichiometric NiAl were distributed uniformly. These result suggest that dislocation cross-slip is easy in stoichiometric NiAl and becomes more difficult as the nickel content increases. For thin foils of stoichiometric NiAl, cracks initiated at the grain boundaries and subsequently propagated within the grain, whereas both crack initiation and propagation were transgranular for the off-stoichiometric alloy. This suggests either that grain boundaries are strengthened by the addition of nickel atoms or that the nickel atoms promote cleavage.
Gauss map computation for free-form surfaces

The Gauss map of a smooth doubly-curved surface characterizes the range of variation of the surface normal as an area on the unit sphere. An algorithm to approximate the Gauss map boundary to any desired accuracy is presented, in the context of a tensor-product polynomial surface patch, r(u,v) for (u,v)@?[0,1]x[0,1]. Boundary segments of the Gauss map correspond to variations of the normal along the patch boundary or the parabolic lines (loci of vanishing Gaussian curvature) on the surface. To compute the latter, points of vanishing Gaussian curvature are identified with the zero-set of a bivariate polynomial, expressed in the numerically-stable Bernstein basis-the subdivision and variation-diminishing properties then govern an adaptive quadtree decomposition of the (u,v) parameter domain that captures the zero-set of this polynomial to any desired accuracy. Loci on the unit sphere corresponding to the patch boundaries and parabolic lines are trimmed at their mutual or self-intersection points (if any), and the resulting segments are arranged in a graph structure with the segment end-points as nodes. By appropriate traversal of this graph, the Gauss map boundary segments may then be identified in proper order, and extraneous segments (lying in the Gauss map interior) are discarded. The symmetrization of the Gauss map (by identification of antipodal points) and its stereographic projection onto a plane are also discussed.
A shallow water inline multiplexed sensor system used for inwater tracking

The portable tracking system (PTS) will design, activate and validate a portable underwater/in-air instrumented range capability which can be deployed in most water depths and any ocean locations, This capability will be provided through two suites of inwater hardware. The deep PTS system is a transponder based system that provides up to 500 square nautical miles (915 square kilometers) for a test area with depths ranging from 1000 to 20000 feet (approximately 305 to 6096 meters). The shallow PTS system is an inline multiplexed system on a fiber optic cable supporting up to 100 square nautical miles (approximately 183 square kilometers) with depths ranging from 200 to 2000 feet (approximately 61 to 610 meters). The shallow water in-line multiplexed sensor system (SWIMSS) is a prototype PTS shallow water system. It consists of ten in-line hydrophone sensor nodes. Each sensor node is connected via one nautical mile (approximately 1.83 kilometers) of electrical mechanical optical cable(EMOC). The SWIMSS is deployed from the stem of a ship with the use of a linear cable engine. The hydrophone sensors are broadband and are used to telemeter inwater acoustic ping signals back to a signal processor and automatic data processing equipment suite where pings are detected and inwater vehicles are tracked and displayed.
AVIRIS calibration and application in coastal oceanic environments

The Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) is a test-bed for future spacecraft sensors such as the High-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer and the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometers planned for the Earth Observing System. To use this sensor for ocean applications, S/N was increased by spatial averaging of images. Post-flight recalibration was accomplished by measuring in situ the water-leaving radiance at flight time, modeling its transmission to the aircraft, and adding modeled atmospheric radiance to that value. The preflight calibration curve was then adjusted until aircraft and modeled total radiance values matched. Water-leaving radiance values from the recalibrated AVIRIS imagery were consistent with in situ data supporting the validity of the approach. Imagery of the absorption coefficient at 415 nm and backscattering coefficient at 671 nm were used to depict the dissolved and particulate constituents of the Tampa Bay plume during late, ebb-tidal conditions.
The initial development of a tulip flame

The initial development of a “tulip flame,” often observed during flame propagation in closed tubes, isattributed to a combustion instability. The roles of hydrodynamic and of the diffusional-thermal processes on the onset of instability are investigated through a linear stability analysis in which the growth or decay of small disturbances, superimposed on an otherwise smooth and planar flame front, are followed. A range of the Markstein parameter, related to the mixture composition through an appropriately defined Lewis number, has been identified where a tulip flame could be observed. For a given value of the Markstein parameter within this range, a critical wavelength is identified as the most unstable mode. This wavelength is directly related to the minimal aspect ratio of the tube where a tulip flame could be observed. The time of onset of instability is identified as the time when the most unstable disturbance, associated with the critical wavelength, grows at a faster rate than the flame front itself and exceeds a certain threshold. This occurs after the flame has propagated a certain distance down the tube: a value which has been explicitly determined in terms of the relevant parameters. Experimental records on the tulip flame phenomenon support the findings of the analysis. That is, the tulip flame forms after the flame has traveled half the tube's length, it does not form in short tubes, and its formation depends on the mixture composition and on the initial pressure in the tube.
Efficient and secure distribution of massive geo-spatial data

Modern geographic databases can contain a large volume of data that need to be distributed to subscribed customers. The data can be modeled as a cube, where typical dimensions include latitude, longitude, and time. One way of distributing the data consists of making freely available encrypted versions of selected subsets of the data, and giving each paying customer the decryption keys for their authorized subsets only. In this work, we give efficient key management schemes to balance the number of keys assigned to a customer, and its time to derive the appropriate key for decrypting the data.
The effect of hydrogen on dislocation dynamics

Abstract Deformation studies in numerous materials have been performed in situ in a transmission electron microscope equipped with an environmental cell to elucidate the mechanisms of hydrogen embrittlement. The primary results from these studies are that solute hydrogen can increase the velocity of dislocations, increase the crack propagation rate, decrease the stacking-fault energy of 310s stainless steel and increase the propensity for edge character dislocations. Evidence from bulk mechanical property tests to support these results is also discussed.
Molecular modelling of the structure of a wholly aromatic thermotropic copolyester

This paper describes the application of molecular mechanics modelling to study the solid-state structure of the thermotropic copolyester prepared from p-hydroxybenzoic acid and 2-hydroxy-6-naphthoic acid. X-ray analysis of as-spun fibres shows that the structure consists of parallel, highly extended chains of completely random comonomer sequence which are packed on an orthorhombic pseudo-hexagonal network and ordered in three dimensions. Molecular models for arrays of chains of the 75/25 copolymer were constructed with chain extension and lateral packing as suggested by the X-ray data. Typical starting models consisted of 19 non-identical sequences of 12 monomers in a variety of conformations. The models were optimized by potential energy minimization using the SYBYL ® software package. Results for minimization of 20 such arrays, with different sequences and starting conformations, suggest that there are a large number of multiple minima of approximately equal energy. The main effect of the refinement was to change the aromatic ester torsion angles and thus eliminate the bad contacts between adjacent chains. In the final models, the aromatic ester torsion angles are distributed about means that are close to those observed in low molecular weight model compounds. Most importantly, the potential energies of the copolymer arrays are similar to those predicted for analogous models of the two homopolymers, indicating that there are no significant problems in packing non-identical chains of the copolymers on the same lattice. In addition, we have simulated the X-ray diffraction data by calculating the cylindrically averaged scattering intensity transforms for the models of arrays of chains. We find that even the small arrays considered here predict the observed Bragg reflections on the equator and first layer line, as well as the non-periodic meridional maxima, and the results are sensitive enough to allow for selection between different possible conformations.
Effect of solvent swelling on diffusion rates in bituminous coal

The Diels-Alder reaction of maleic anhydride with Illinois No. 6 and Bruceton coals is much slower than with anthracene and depends on the square root of time, establishing that the rate of this reaction is diffusion controlled. The rate of this reaction was measured for these two coals swollen with a number of different solvents. The rate of reaction and thus the rate of diffusion of maleic anhydride into the coals was independent of the degree of swelling of the coals.
Microbial Evolution: Regulatory Design Prevents Cancer-like Overgrowths

Mutant lineages may cause cancer-like overgrowths in microbial populations. Theory predicts that microbial regulatory controls may be designed to limit the origin and competitive potential of rogue lineages. A new study shows how a Salmonella species protects itself against overgrowths.
A quantitative study of thalamocortical and other synapses involving the apical dendrites of corticothalamic projection cells in mouse SmI cortex

Lesion-induced degeneration was combined with the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to examine the thalamocortical and other synaptical relationships of corticothalamic projection cells in mouse SmI cortex. Injections containing 40% HRP were placed in the ventrobasal thalamus and the next day, electrolytic lesions were made of the injection site. About four days later, the animals were perfused with aldehydes and SmI cortex ipsilateral to the injection and lesion sites was tissue chopped and reacted for HRP. The somata of HRP-filled corticothalamic cells in SmI cortex had diameters of about 10 μm and occurred in the upper half of layer VI and in the lower half of layer V; their apical dendrites usually terminated within or just below layer IV, but in some instances, extended nearly to the pial surface. Reconstructions of serial thin sections through the layer IV portions of the apical dendrites of seven well-labelled corticothalamic cells showed them to form 7 to 20% of their synapses with degenerating thalamocortical axon terminals. In contrast, the proportion of thalamocortical synapses formed by the layer IV dendrites of corticostriatal (Hersch & White, in preparation) and corticocortical (White & Hersch, 1981) projection cells ranges from 0.3 to 0.9% and from 1.5 to 6.8%, respectively. We interpret these findings to indicate that pyramidal cell dendrites are specified to form characteristic proportions of thalamocortical synapses.
Managing strategic issues in a turbulent environment

Abstract A major shortcoming of conventional Strategic Planning Systems (SPS) is their lack of sensitivity in coping with changing environments. On the other hand, Strategic Issues Management Systems (SIMS), which has been recently developed to respond to ‘weak’ signals and turbulent environments, lack some of the visionary, enduring, motivational qualities of the SPS. This article describes how the SPS and the SIMS can be integrated so as to complement thier individual strengths and mitigate their respective weaknesses. A process that can promote this integration is proposed.
Separation of subfractions of human β2-glycoprotein I

Abstract β 2 -Glycoprotein I was prepared from human plasma by fractionation with perchloric acid and (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 followed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. This material, which was homogeneous by several criteria, exhibited three bands on disc electrophoresis, regardless of whether it was isolated from single donor or pooled plasma. These subfractions were separated by gradient elution chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. They showed no distinct differences in immunological characteristics, sialic acid contents, or tryptic peptide maps.
The effect of sexual maturation on testicular response to LH stimulation of testosterone secretion in the intact rat.

Varying doses (1, 3, 10 and 30 µg⁄100 g body wt) of NIH-LH-B7 were administered intraperitoneally to groups of male rats, 10, 21, 41 and 62 days of age. Serum testosterone (T) was quantified adioimmunoassay 1 hr later, the time when the LH-induced testosterone rise was maximal. The 1 µg does did not significantly increase serum T concentrations over those in saline-injected controls. For the higher doses of LH, an age-related response was found. One hr after LH, the testosterone concentration was least in the 10-day-old animals, greater in the 21-day-old animals, and greatest in the 42 and 62-day-old animals; the latter were indistinguishable. Given as percent increase to 10 µg LH⁄100 g body wt,the values were as follows: 10 days, 213 ± 12%; 21 days, 543 ± 48%;41 days,787 ± 121%; and 62 days, 755 ± 207%. The responseto 30 µg LH⁄100 g body wt was 10 days, 214 ± 14%; 21 days, 602 ± 48%; 41 days, 1673 ± 146%; and 62 days, 1570 ± 130%. These studies demonstrate for the first time that the response to LH stimu...
ACTIVATION-INDUCED DOWN-REGULATION OF RETINOID RECEPTOR RXRALPHA EXPRESSION IN HUMAN T LYMPHOCYTES : ROLE OF CELL CYCLE REGULATION

A 5.4-kilobase mRNA, the expression of which is down-regulated after treatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with various T cell-activating agents, was isolated using an mRNA differential display method. Nucleotide sequence analysis identified the 5' end of this RNA as human retinoid receptor RXRalpha mRNA. Here, we report the nucleotide sequence of 3.6 kilobases of this RNA, which represents the 3' end of RXRalpha mRNA, the sequence of which has not been previously described. Activated PBMCs also expressed lower levels of RXRalpha protein, and a DNA binding assay showed that the activation-induced loss of RXRalpha mRNA and protein expression correlated with the loss of DNA binding activity of this protein. We present evidence that the transition from G0/G1 to S phase of the cell cycle results in the down-regulation of RXRalpha expression and that cell cycle inhibitors, which block the cells in G1 phase, prevent this down-regulation. The decrease in the levels of RXRalpha mRNA was found to be regulated at the post-transcriptional level and involved new protein synthesis. These observations indicate that the levels of RXRalpha expression in T lymphocytes are coupled to cell cycle progression, and there is tight regulatory control of RXRalpha expression during the transition from G0/G1 to S phase of the cell cycle.
Understanding student article retrieval behaviors: Instructional implications

Abstract This study evaluates the use of full-text databases amongst 425 undergraduate and graduate students in western New York. A review of literature implicated convenience, time issues, article retrieval option knowledge, and the appreciation and understanding of research article quality as potential predictors of full-text reliance. These variables were then evaluated via survey response and frequency counts, by conducting correlations, a one-way ANOVA, and stepwise regression analyses. The findings suggested that convenience, appreciation and understanding of research quality, and time management issues played a significant role in the prediction of student full-text reliance. These findings as well as the relationships among independent variables are discussed. Implications for instruction are then addressed.
Packet Switching and Replication of Multicast Traffic by Crosspoint Buffered Packet Switches

Multicast traffic is expected to increase in packet-oriented networks by the inclusion of broadcast and multimedia-on-demand services. In addition to the high performance for unicast services, combined input-crosspoint buffered (CICB) packet switches have intrinsic properties that are favorable for switching and replication of multicast packets. In this paper we study the performance of CICB packet switches, including those with dedicated and shared crosspoint buffers (SMCB), both under multicast traffic. Furthermore, we propose arbitration schemes for shared-buffer packet switches to handle multicast traffic and study their performance on switching-replication efficiency. We show that the SMCB switch efficiently handles multicast traffic with uniform distribution of fan outs, and that its achievable throughput is comparable to that of a CICB switch. This property, combined with the efficient memory utilization, makes the SMCB switch an attractive solution for unicast and multicast networks.
A management system for monitoring and assessing the group-oriented database project

This paper presents the evaluation techniques and forms for implementing group-oriented database projects in a senior level database course. A management system for monitoring the design, implementation, and testing of a small production database application using the team approach serves as the focus of this paper. Emphasis is upon both time and efficiency for students and instructor. The database prototype is implemented in phase one with a relational microcomputer tool and in phase two with a relational mainframe DBMS.
Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor Dependence of Varicella Zoster Virus Infection In Vitro and in the Epidermis during Varicella and Zoster

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a highly infectious human pathogen; nevertheless, infectious virions are not released in vitro where infection is cell associated. Four VZV envelope glycoproteins contain mannose 6-phosphate (Man 6-P), and Man 6-P blocks infection of cells by cell-free VZV. Expression of antisense cDNA or siRNA-like transcripts were used to generate five stable human cell lines deficient in cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRci). All 5 MPRci-deficient lines resisted infection by cell-free, but not cell-associated, VZV, secreted lysosomal enzymes, and released infectious virions when infected by cell-associated VZV. Intracellular MPRci thus appear to divert newly enveloped VZV to late endosomes, and plasmalemmal MPRci are necessary for entry by cell-free VZV. Biopsies from VZV-infected human skin supported the idea that because MPRci expression is naturally lost in maturing superficial epidermal cells, these cells do not divert VZV to endosomes and constitutively secrete infectious VZV.
Glutamate decarboxylase messenger RNA in rat pallidum: comparison of the effects of haloperidol, clozapine and combined haloperidol-scopolamine treatments.

We have investigated the effects of neuroleptic treatments which do, or do not, induce catalepsy on the level of expression of glutamate decarboxylase, the rate limiting enzyme in GABA synthesis, in efferent neurons of the pallidum in adult rats. Different regimens of haloperidol (1 mg/kg s.c., three, seven or 14 days; 2 mg/kg, s.c., 10 days) induced catalepsy in a majority of rats and increased glutamate decarboxylase messenger RNA levels in the globus pallidus (external pallidum) in those rats exhibiting catalepsy. Levels of glutamate decarboxylase messenger RNA were also increased in the entopeduncular nucleus (internal pallidum), but only after 14 days of treatment with haloperidol. The atypical antipsychotic clozapine (seven days, 20 mg/kg, s.c.), which did not induce catalepsy, slightly decreased glutamate decarboxylase messenger RNA levels in the globus pallidus. When co-administered with haloperidol (seven days, 1 mg/kg s.c.), the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) completely blocked both haloperidol-induced catalepsy and increases in glutamate decarboxylase messenger RNA levels in the globus pallidus. In contrast, scopolamine was not able to block increased glutamate decarboxylase and enkephalin messenger RNA expression induced by haloperidol in the striatum. These results reveal a good correlation between increases in glutamate decarboxylase messenger RNA levels in the globus pallidus and catalepsy after these drug treatments and suggest that anticholinergic blockade of the behavioral and molecular effects of neuroleptics may involve non-striatal mechanisms.
The malleable influence of social consensus on attitude certainty

article i nfo People often reflect on the opinions of others and express greater attitude certainty when they perceive their attitudes to be shared by others (high attitude consensus). The present research tests the possibility that ei- ther high or low attitude consensus can increase attitude certainty depending on people's salient social iden- tification needs. In particular, high attitude consensus with a target group is found to be more validating when people seek to belong to the group, as this identification motive promotes a search for similarities be- tween themselves and the group. In contrast, low attitude consensus with a target group is found to be more validating when people seek to be unique from a group, as this identification motive promotes a search for dissimilarities between themselves and the group. Two experiments support these hypotheses, offering in- sight into the intra-personal motives that alter the diagnostic value of social consensus information.
Combustion synthesis and characterization of new class of ZnO-based ceramic pigments

Abstract This paper illustrates the combustion synthesis of transition metal ions (cobalt, manganese and nickel)-doped ZnO-based ceramic pigments. The combustion synthesized ceramic pigments have been characterized by powder XRD and diffuse reflectance spectra. All the samples are crystalline in nature. Cobalt, manganese and nickel are present at Zn site as Co 2+ , Mn 2+ and Ni 2+ , respectively. Simultaneous doping of two or three transition metal ions results in various shades of colour.
Periodontal status of patients with hypophosphatemic rickets: a case series.

Background: It was previously reported that dentin matrix protein 1–null mice, which are the hypophosphatemic rickets animal model, postnatally developed severe periodontal defects. However, to the best of our knowledge, it was not documented whether similar periodontal defects were present in human patients with hypophosphatemic rickets. The aim of this study is to evaluate the periodontal status of adult patients with hypophosphatemic rickets.Methods: This case-series study evaluates the periodontal condition of adults with genetic hypophosphatemic rickets and compared their periodontal status with similar data from several cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Information regarding medical histories, dental histories, intraoral photos, probing depths (PD), calculated clinical attachment loss (AL), the presence of gingival recession, bleeding on probing, and full-mouth radiographic surveys were acquired. Descriptive statistics were used for comparison to NHANES data.Re...
Near-real time reduction of shipboard gravity using Kalman-filtered GPS measurements

We have developed a Kalman filter to estimate accurate Eotvos corrections and horizontal ship accelerations from Global Positioning System (GPS) fixes. High-resolution shipboard gravity measurements are obtained with a newly designed, linear phase, Finite Impulse Response (FIR) low-pass filter. Both filters are combined to yield accurate, near-real time, Eotvos-corrected underway gravity estimates. Error ranges that reflect uncertainty in navigation for these estimates are calculated from autocovariances of Kalman velocity estimates by means of variance propagation expressions for time-invariant linear digital filters. Estimates of horizontal ship acceleration are combined with a simplified instrument impulse response model in an attempt to remove transient noise from the gravimeter output.We apply the technique to data collected by two shipboard gravimeters, a LaCoste and Romberg Model S Air-Sea Gravity Meter and a Bell Aerospace BGM-3 Marine Gravity Meter System, operated side-by-side on the Scripps R/V Thomas Washington during Leg 1 of the Roundabout expedition.In the absence of significant horizontal accelerations due to course or speed changes, both instruments yield data with good repeatability, characterized by rms differences of less than 1 mGal. Horizontal accelerations generate transient signals that cannot be modeled at present to an accuracy of better than 5 mGal. Difficulties in removing these transients are primarily due to insufficient quantitative knowledge of the response of the instrument, including the gyro-stabilized platform. This can be determined analytically or empirically.
The Value of Improved National Exposure Information for Perchloroethylene (Perc): A Case Study for Dry Cleaners

Opportunities to improve our information about risk continue to arise and lead decision makers to indirectly address the issue of the value of improved information through resource allocation decisions. Statistical decision analysis techniques provide an analytical framework for valuing information explicitly in the context of regulatory decision making. This paper provides estimates of the value of improved national estimates of perchloroethylene (perc) exposure from U.S. dry cleaners in the context of EPA's recently promulgated National Emissions Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) with emphasis on exposure information. Consistent with the NESHAP decision, we relied on EPA's technology and economic assessments. In this first cut analysis, estimates of the exposures of workers, consumers of dry cleaning services, and the general public are probabilistically characterized to reflect uncertainty about exposure and potency. We consider the net benefits of the different control options by assessing the associated changes in the total annual population risks and valuing them in monetary terms, with no constraints placed on maximum individual risks. The results suggest that the expected value of perfect information (EVPI) about potency exceeds the EVPI about exposure. Sensitivity analyses demonstrate how the choices of the valuation parameters and distributions used to characterize uncertainty in the model affect the estimates of the value of information.
Graduate Business Students Performance with Synchronous and Asynchronous Interaction e-Learning Methods

The effects of synchronous and asynchronous lectures and interaction formats were examined with graduate business students in on-campus and off-campus MBA programs. The dependent variables were scores on exams questions and learning styles and cognitive styles were used as covariates. The results indicated significant differences for discussion and lecture format and for on-campus and off-campus students. The results were discussed relative to learning in electronic environments.
State Dependent Nonlinear Adaptive Lattice Filters

We introduce a new tool called state dependent embedding for developing nonlinear adaptive filters. We use the embedding to develop a new quadratic lattice whitener with only scalar coefficients. The whitener is shown to be a linear lattice with a modified update equation. We demonstrate that scalar state dependent coefficients can be directly updated in this application, thus providing a very efficient nonlinear lattice structure. We describe lattice joint process estimator structures. For Gaussian inputs, we note that only some kernels of the series expansion describing the nonlinearity contribute to input eigenvalue spread. We suggest a reduced complexity escalator structure that exploits this finding. Finally we provide a simplification to the layered structure presented.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Survey of atomic processes in edge plasmas

A review of the most important reactions of atomic and molecular hydrogen with the fusion edge plasma electrons and ions is presented. An appropriate characterization of the considered collision processes, useful in plasma edge studies (evaluated cross sections, reaction rates, energy gain/loss per collision, etc.) has been performed. While a complete survey of atomic physics of fusion edge plasmas will be given elsewhere shortly, we demonstrate here the relevance of the atomic collision processes for describing the physical state of edge plasmas and understanding the energy balance in cool divertor plasmas. It is found that the excited neutral species play an important role in the low-temperature, high-density plasmas.
Ethnic Identity and Gender as Moderators of the Association between Discrimination and Academic Adjustment among Mexican-origin Adolescents

Existing work has identified perceived discrimination as a risk factor that may contribute to the relatively poorer academic outcomes exhibited by Mexican-origin adolescents in the U.S. The current study examined the longitudinal associations among perceived discrimination and three indices of adolescent adjustment in the school setting (i.e., grade point average, teacher reports of externalizing, adolescents’ deviant peer associations) among 178 Mexican-origin adolescents (53% female). Ethnic identity affirmation was examined as a protective factor expected to reduce the negative effects of discrimination on adolescents’ adjustment, and gender was examined as a potential moderator of the associations of interest. Findings indicated that the deleterious effects of discrimination on adolescents’ adjustment in school were particularly salient for Mexican-origin male adolescents. Importantly, ethnic identity affirmation emerged as a protective factor for Mexican-origin male adolescents by buffering the negative effects of discrimination on their externalizing behaviors in school.
Oxygenation and Blood Volume Changes in Flaps According to Near-Infrared Spectrophotometry

Objective: To test the ability of near-infrared spectrophotometry (NIRS) to predict vascular compromise in flaps postoperatively. Design: Pilot study. Subjects: Eleven denervated latissimus dorsi flaps were assessed in 8 pigs. Interventions: Flaps were isolated on their vascular pedicle. We used NIRS to demonstrate tissue oxygen saturation and quantities of deoxygenated hemoglobin and oxygenated hemoglobin when flaps underwent venous or arterial occlusions. Oxygen saturation (percentage of oxygenated hemoglobin) was calculated as the difference between the 2 light intensities (860-750 nm) with the use of 2 time periods: preoperative (80%) oxygen saturation and during arterial occlusion (0%) oxygen saturation with NIRS. Blood volume changes within the flap were also measured. Results: Arterial occlusion resulted in significant decreases in oxygen saturation and in blood volume with immediate recovery. Venous occlusion resulted in an initial rapid increase in blood volume with no appreciable early deoxygenation. Conclusions: Near-infrared spectrophotometry appears promising as a noninvasive, low-cost, portable bedside monitor that can demonstrate in real time changes in blood volume and oxygen saturation within a flap at a variety of tissue depths. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;122:1347-1351
Multi-Wavelength Electro-Optic Pulse Characterization

Fiber-optic-based electro-optic polarization rotators are used to modulate multiple wavelengths simultaneously to facilitate single-shot pulse characterization and enhanced signal to noise ratios with electro-magnetic interference and radiation hardness. Multiple wavelengths create independent samples for averaging.
Calibration of the National Institute of Standards and Technology tritiated-water standards

Abstract Massic activity values obtained for NBS/NIST tritiated water SRMs 4927 and 4927E, using internal gas-proportional counting, are reported. The massic activity ratios of all of the available NBS/NIST tritiated water SRMs and samples of the Level 1 and Level 3 tritiated water standards produced by the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) in 1996 were measured using an extensive series of liquid-scintillation intercomparisons. New massic activity values obtained for the NPL standards, using the gas counting results for SRM 4927E and the results of the liquid-scintillation intercomparison, are also reported. A new determination of the half-life of tritium was made using massic activity data for SRM 4927 over a period of 38 years. The new value is (4504±9) (one standard deviation) days. This value differs significantly from the previous NBS/NIST value but is in good agreement with the value recommended in the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF).
Electromechanical and scar characteristics at left ventricular lead implant site in the context of overall dyssynchrony with cine DENSE predict cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes

Background In clinical patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), myocardial properties (mechanical, electrical, and scar-mediated) at the left ventricular (LV) lead position (LVLP) and overall LV dyssynchrony (circumferential uniformity ratio estimate [CURE, 0-1]) are of interest with respect to CRT outcomes. We sought to define the relative importance of these factors for CRT response in a clinical CMR study with longitudinal follow-up.
Deep brain stimulation: a mechanistic and clinical update.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), the practice of placing electrodes deep into the brain to stimulate subcortical structures with electrical current, has been increasing as a neurosurgical procedure over the past 15 years. Originally a treatment for essential tremor, DBS is now used and under investigation across a wide spectrum of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In addition to applying electrical stimulation for clinical symptomatic relief, the electrodes implanted can also be used to record local electrical activity in the brain, making DBS a useful research tool. Human single-neuron recordings and local field potentials are now often recorded intraoperatively as electrodes are implanted. Thus, the increasing scope of DBS clinical applications is being matched by an increase in investigational use, leading to a rapidly evolving understanding of cortical and subcortical neurocircuitry. In this review, the authors discuss recent innovations in the clinical use of DBS, both in approved indications as w...
TRANSPLANTABILITY OF TISSUES TO THE EMBRYO OF FOREIGN SPECIES : ITS BEARING ON QUESTIONS OF TISSUE SPECIFICITY AND TUMOR IMMUNITY.

Inoculation of the Jensen rat sarcoma into the developing chick embryo gives a rapidly growing tumor at the site of inoculation, whether in the membranes or in the body of the chick itself. These tumors by transfer from embryo to embryo can be kept going for as long as forty-six days, and perhaps indefinitely in the foreign species. The rat cells show no morphological change even after a very long dependence. Their biological characters are also retained, as is shown by the fact that the cells when replanted in the rat, after a prolonged sojourn in the chick, will produce a rapidly growing sarcoma of the Jensen type. These rat tissues grown for long periods in the chick show no adaptation to the new species, being destroyed even more rapidly when placed in the adult chicken than cells taken directly from the rat. Morphologically the cells retain a close resemblance to those in the original tumor. Other tissues grown in chick embryo are various embryonic cells from the chicken, mouse, and rat, the Ehrlich sarcoma and chondroma of the mouse, a mammary carcinoma of the mouse, the Flexner-Jobling adenocarcinoma of the rat, and a human sarcoma.
The effects of lights of different spectra on caries incidence in the golden hamster.

Abstract Golden hamsters, exposed to fluorescent light which simulated both the visible and ultraviolet spectra of natural outdoor light, had one-fifth as many caries as animals exposed to conventional fluorescent light. Total body, gonad and submandibular gland weights were greater for the animals raised under the simulated natural light. Differences in gonad and submandibular gland development were histologically demonstrated with haematoxylin and eosin stained sections. Thus, light affected caries incidence, submandibular gland development and sexual maturity.