cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trends in the thermal stability of two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks

Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are synthetically diverse, layered macromolecules. Their covalent lattices are thought to confer high thermal stability, which is typically evaluated with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). However, TGA measures the temperature at which volatile degradation products are formed and is insensitive to changes of the periodic structure of the COF. Here, we study the thermal stability of ten 2D COFs using a combination of variable-temperature X-ray diffraction, TGA, diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. We find that 2D COFs undergo a general two-step thermal degradation process. At the first degradation temperature, 2D COFs lose their crystallinity without chemical degradation. Then, at higher temperatures, they chemically degrade into volatile byproducts. Several trends emerge from this exploration of 2D COF stability. Boronate ester-linked COFs are generally more thermally stable than comparable imine-linked COFs. Smaller crystalline lattices are more robust to thermal degradation than chemically similar larger lattices. Finally, pore-functionalized COFs degrade at significantly lower temperatures than their unfunctionalized analogues. These trends offer design criteria for thermally resilient 2D COF materials. These findings will inform and encourage a broader exploration of mechanical deformation in 2D networks, providing a necessary step towards their practical use.
Contradictions in the Treatment of Roma and Sinti During the Holocaust

In this article, I argue that the Nazi treatment of Roma and Sinti Gypsies was distinct from their treatment of other victim groups by virtue of its inconsistency. There was never a very clear articulation of the ideological position of the Nazis regarding the Gypsies, and the guidelines that werein place were applied inconsistently. A wide variety of exemptions theoretically protected Gypsies from arrest and deportation. For example, as distinct from the Nazi beliefs about Jews, so-called racially pure Gypsies were sometimes considered more valuable and were protected. These rules, however, were never consistently followed. The extent to which Gypsies were persecuted by the Nazis was often determined more by the attitudes and personal beliefs of lower level administrators, combined with the perceived demands of the local situation, than by an intentional Nazi mandate.
Lost in the Mail? Vote be Mail and Voter Confidence

Recently, the use of vote-by-mail has been increasing in popularity, with Washington, Colorado, and Hawaii moving exclusively to mail-based election systems. While election reformers tout the various benefits of this change, what impact does mail voting have on voter confidence? I seek to answer this by by leveraging the implementation of postal voting in Washington and Colorado through the use of the Survey of the Performance of American Elections (SPAE) dataset, along with difference-in-differences design, genetic matching, Mahalanobis distance matching, and ordinal logistic regression analysis. In doing so, I demonstrate that the implementation of vote by mail causes a significant decrease in voter confidence in both states. However, this decrease appears to be temporary, disappearing after only single election cycle. These results shed light on the potential impact of recent expansions of convenience voting in the United States, while also furthering the debate around perceptions of electoral integrity in democratic systems.
Quantum geometries of A2

We solve = 1 supersymmetric A2 type U(N) × U(N) matrix models obtained by deforming = 2 with symmetric tree level superpotentials of any degree exactly in the planar limit. These theories can be geometrically engineered from string theories by wrapping D-branes over Calabi-Yau threefolds and we construct the corresponding exact quantum geometries.
Global Diffusion of the Internet IX: Predicting Global Diffusion of the Internet: An Alternative to Diffusion Models

This research builds Internet growth forecasting models based on existing knowledge of diffusion and connectionist theories. It shows that a simple connectionist multi-layered perceptron artificial neural network (MLP) model can create a flexible response function to forecast Internet growth for the near future. This paper identifies the most suitable diffusion models that generate predictions for the Internet diffusion with low errors. However, the MLP model is superior to the best diffusion model on both the calibration and the validation samples of Internet growth data. This research also investigates the process of combining diffusion and connectionist models. The findings will encourage researchers to use connectionist models to predict diffusion of other innovation processes also.
Mechanism and Kinetics of Light Alkane Dehydrogenation and Cracking over Isolated Ga Species in Ga/H-MFI

Author(s): Phadke, NM; Mansoor, E; Head-Gordon, M; Bell, AT | Abstract: The objective of this study is to examine the mechanisms and kinetics of C2H6 dehydrogenation and n-C4H10 dehydrogenation and cracking over isolated Ga species in Ga/HMFI and to compare these results to those reported previously for C3H8 dehydrogenation and cracking. C2H6 dehydrogenation is found to be catalyzed by both [GaH]2+ and [GaH2]+ cations at similar turnover frequencies. Rate measurements over Ga/H-MFI containing predominantly [GaH2]+ cations reveal that C2H6 dehydrogenation rates exhibit a Langmuir.Hinshelwood dependence on C2H6 partial pressure at elevated temperatures (g730 K), consistent with the involvement of chemisorbed [C2H5.GaH]+ species. The reaction kinetics suggest that C2H6 dehydrogenation proceeds via heterolytic C-H cleavage of adsorbed C2H6 by [GaH2]+ cations to form H2 and [C2H5-GaH]+ species, which further decompose via β-hydride elimination to form C2H4. By contrast, C4H10 dehydrogenation and both terminal and central cracking are catalyzed exclusively by [GaH]2+ cations. All three reactions exhibit a Langmuir-Hinshelwood dependence on C4H10 partial pressure and are inhibited by H2. Ratios of dehydrogenation to cracking (total) and terminal to central cracking are approximately independent of C4H10 partial pressure consistent with the involvement of a common C4H10-derived surface intermediate. The observed reaction kinetics are consistent with an alkyl-mediated mechanism occurring over [GaH]2+, analogous to that reported previously for C3H8 dehydrogenation/cracking over Ga/H-MFI (Phadke, N. M.; et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2019, 141, 1614-1627). The mechanism proceeds via facile, heterolytic dissociation of adsorbed C4H10 to form [C4H9-GaH]+-H+ cation pairs via methyl C-H-activated pathways. Dehydrogenation then proceeds via β-hydride elimination, respectively, forming butene, while terminal and central cracking proceed via C-H-activated H+ attack. Methylene activation was also considered but found to occur at a significantly lower rate. Theoretical analysis of the proposed reaction pathways leads to apparent activation enthalpies in good agreement with values extracted from the measured kinetics, thereby supporting the proposed pathways and the roles of [GaH]2+ and [GaH2]+ cations in the dehydrogenation and cracking of light alkanes on Ga/H-MFI.
Kasabach-Merritt Phenomenon in Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma: Red Flags in Neonatal Vascular Lesions

Introduction: Kasabach-Merritt Phenomenon (KMP) is a rare, life-threatening consumptive coagulopathy that occurs in a subset of vascular tumors, namely a benign locally aggressive vascular neoplasm known as kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) and less frequently in tufted angioma. KMP may occur in as many as 70% of pediatric patients with KHE,1 making it crucial to identify red flag findings in neonatal vascular lesions concerning for KHE. Case Description: A 4-month-old female presented to the emergency department for one-day duration of rapidly progressive swelling with violaceous discoloration of her left upper back. History revealed she had 2 discrete …
Applied Research Note: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from Brazilian broiler farms

SUMMARY We studied the on-farm variety of thermotolerant Campylobacter strains isolated from field samples received over a 12-mo period from four broiler-producing companies in southern Brazil. In total, 515 of 807 (63.8%) of analyzed samples were found to be Campylobacter-positive. Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli were detected; the first one being more frequently isolated (98.2%). The highest antimicrobial resistance levels in a subset of 80 C. jejuni strains were found against enrofloxacin (89.5%) and ciprofloxacin (83.3%). Most of the 28 DNA macrorestriction profiles identified in C. jejuni were unique to each sampled broiler company. Genetically related C. jejuni populations were detected on different broiler farms integrated to the same company on different sampling occasions. Undistinguished strains were found in the indoor environment and in broilers on the same farm. The finding of recurrent strains on integrated farms suggests that particular factors or management practices may play a role in the dispersion or carry-over of C. jejuni in the studied broiler companies.
Review—Cookery: food rhetorics and social production: edited by Donovan Conley and Justin Eckstein, Tuscaloosa, The University of Alabama Press, 2020, 159 pp., ISBN 978-0-8173-5983-6

This volume is written by rhetoricians for readers familiar with the field of rhetoric. The volume is not easy to read, but it is worth it. It is easy to imagine the authors at the dinner table, de...
Rapid control of agitation in patients with schizophrenia

Ziprasidone IM is a short-acting formulation indicated for the rapid control of agitation in patients with schizophrenia, when oral therapy is not appropriate. It is usually used for a maximum of 3 consecutive days. The recommended dosing is 10 mg administered as required up to a maximum dose of 40 mg/day and doses of 10 mg may be administered every 2 hours. Some patients may require an initial dose of 20 mg, which can be followed by a further dose of 10 mg after 4 hours. Thereafter, doses of 10 mg may be given every 2 hours up to the maximum daily dose of 40 mg. This preparation is only for intramuscular use and may be used concomitantly with benzodiazepines. Several controlled clinical trials have documented the safety and efficacy of Ziprasidone IM when used as described in the package insert. In a the 7-day study versus haloperidol Ziprasidone IM was superior to haloperidol IM in reducing symptoms of acute schizophrenia as measured by the BPRS and CGI-S scales. Ziprasidone also demonstrated significantly greater improvement than haloperidol in the BPRS total score in a 6-week study versus haloperidol at the end of the IM phase. Finally, the transition from IM to oral therapy was smooth, with continued improvement in efficacy, as measured by the BPRS total score. In the United States accreditation of Mental Health facilities includes close scrutiny of every episode of restraint in acute psychiatry. Documentation of each episode is carefully verified and data collected longitudinally. Every effort needs to be made to make episodes few as possible and short as possible. I will discuss how Ziprasidone IM can play a role in the attempt to reduce duration of episodes of restraint. from International Society on Brain and Behaviour: 1st International Congress on Brain and Behaviour Hyatt Regency Hotel, Thessaloniki, Greece, 20–23 November, 2003
Some Applications of Constructive Real Algebraic Geometry

In this short article we summarize a number of recent applications of constructive real algebraic geometry to geometric modelling and robotics, that we have been involved with under the tutelage of Abhyankar.
Natural and synthetic non-peptide antigens recognized by human γδ T cells

T lymphocytes express either alpha beta or gamma delta T-cell receptor heterodimers. Most alpha beta T cells recognize antigenic peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules but the antigen recognition and biological function of gamma delta T cells is unknown. A major human gamma delta T-cell subset expressing V gamma 2 and V delta 2 germline genes, but having diverse junctional sequences, is found in human mycobacterial lesions and responds in vitro to antigens of bacteria and parasites. In addition, certain haematopoietic tumour cells are specifically recognized and lysed by these T cells. V gamma 2V delta 2-bearing T cells were shown to recognize mycobacterial antigens that are protease resistant and phosphatase sensitive. Because of the difficulty in isolating natural antigens from mycobacterial culture filtrates or extracts, we synthesized a series of monoalkyl phosphates, and found that some, particularly monoethyl phosphate, could mimic the activity of mycobacterial antigens in stimulating these gamma delta T cells. Here we report the identification of natural antigens produced by mycobacteria recognized by human V gamma 2V delta 2-bearing T cells as isopentenyl pyrophosphate and related prenyl pyrophosphate derivatives, compounds involved in the synthesis of complex polyisoprenoid compounds in microbial and mammalian cells. Substitution of phosphate for the pyrophosphate moiety, or elimination of the double bond, greatly reduced antigenic activity of these compounds. These results provide formal evidence that, in contrast to recognition of major histocompatibility complex-bound peptide antigens by alpha beta T cells, human gamma delta T cells can recognize naturally occurring small non-peptidic antigens.
Cognitive maps, cognitive collages, and spatial mental models

Although cognitive map is a popular metaphor for people's mental representations of environments, as it is typically conceived, it is often too restrictive. Two other metaphors for mental representations are proposed and supported. Cognitive collages are consistent with research demonstrating systematic errors in memory and judgment of environmental knowledge. Yet, for some simple or well-known environments, people seem to have coherent representations of the coarse spatial relations among elements. These spatial mental models allow inference and perspectivetaking but may not allow accurate metric judgments.
P036: In-hospital epidemics of seasonal influenza a/h3n2 in a geriatric facility

Seasonal influenza (SI) infection represents a threat for the elderly. We investigated a nosocomial outbreak of SI in the 300-bed geriatric facility of the Geneva University Hospitals.
Radio Agns Among Luminous Infrared Galaxies

An analysis of radio and FIR emission in over 1500IRAS selected galaxies produces a good linear correlationbetween radio and FIR luminosity, indicating that star formationin normal field galaxies dominates the infrared luminosityin the local volume. Galaxies with clear radio-excess (definedas having at least5 times larger radio flux over expected from FIR) are identified as hosting a radio AGN, and they account for onlyabout 1% of the whole sample. This fraction increases to 10% among themore luminous galaxies with L1.4GHz≥ 1023 W Hz-1 (equivalently L60μm ≥ 1011 L⊙), however. The characteristic mid-IR excess of a Seyfert nucleus is ubiquitously present amongthe radio-excess objects, suggesting that mid-IR excess isa robust tracer of an AGN despite the high mid-IR opacity.We conclude that about 30% of the luminous infrared galaxies(L60μm ≥ 1011 L⊙) host an AGN based on themid-IR excess, and about 40% of the mid-IR excess AGNs alsohost a radio AGN. A VLA imaging survey of a distance limited sample of IR luminousgalaxies has revealed the presence of 100 kpc scale giant radioplumes in 3 out of 9 cases (Mrk 231, Mrk 273, NGC 6240). Theirlarge spatial extent, energetics, and presence of a powerful AGN in each case suggests that an AGN is the power source. Such plumesare not detected in other ultraluminous infrared galaxies which lack clear evidence for an AGN, such as Arp 220.
Gold Nanoparticles: Monolayer-Protected Scaffolds and Building Blocks

Nanoparticles provide key tools for bridging the gap between “bottom-up” synthetic methods and “top-down” fabrication. In this article, we describe recent progress in the recognition-mediated assembly of metal nanoparticles using small molecules and polymers. A significant portion of the article focuses on the interaction of nanoparticles with biological moieties such as peptides and proteins, and the use of nanoparticles as drug and gene carriers for application in biomedical applications. Keywords: self-assembly; nanoparticle assembly; nanocomposites; polymer-based self-assembly; drug delivery; gene delivery
A Critical Review of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC)

The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children has been extolled in the lay media as an exceptionally well designed and developed psychoeducational instrument that measures both intelligence and achie...
Functional characterization of the ferroxidase, permease high-affinity iron transport complex from Candida albicans.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae expresses two proteins that together support high-affinity Fe-uptake. These are a multicopper oxidase, Fet3p, with specificity towards Fe2+ and a ferric iron permease, Ftr1p, which supports Fe-accumulation. Homologs of the genes encoding these two proteins are found in all fungal genomes including those for the pathogens, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. At least one of these loci represents a virulence factor for each pathogen suggesting that this complex would be an appropriate pharmacologic target. However, the mechanism by which this protein pair supports Fe-uptake in any fungal pathogen has not been elucidated. Taking advantage of the robust molecular genetics available in S. cerevisiae, we identify the two of five candidate ferroxidases likely involved in high-affinity Fe-uptake in C. albicans, Fet31 and Fet34. Both localize to the yeast plasma membrane and both support Fe-uptake along with an Ftr1 protein, either from C. albicans or S. cerevisiae. We express and characterize Fet34, demonstrating that it is functionally homologous to ScFet3p. Using S. cerevisiae as host for the functional expression of the C. albicans Fe-uptake proteins, we demonstrate that they support a mechanism of Fe-trafficking that involves channeling of the CaFet34-generated Fe3+ directly to CaFtr1 for transport into the cytoplasm.
Resuscitation of certainty factors in expert networks

An expert network is a form of neural network which captures the rule-based knowledge of an expert system in digraph form. Connectionist learning techniques have been developed for these hybrid systems. In the present work, a study of the performance of these training algorithms in recovering certainty factors for expert networks is presented. Results are reported for the Wine Advisor testbed, a well-known expert system rule base in M.1. Issues in active sampling and learning parameter selection are also discussed. >
Uptake of fatty acids and their mobilization from phospholipids in cultured monocyte-macrophages from rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Abstract Prostaglandins (PG) and related eicosanoids which derive from essential fatty acids are important mediators and modulators of inflammation. Macrophages (Mϕ), which derive from peripheral blood monocytes (PBM), are prominent cells in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and are a major source of synovial PGE 2 . In addition, fresh and cultured PBM from RA patients produce more PG than normal control cells. When allowed to mature in culture PBM exhibit many characteristics of macrophages (M-Mϕ). We examined uptake by M-Mϕ of eicosanoid precursor fatty acids (FA), their incorporation into cellular phospholipid (PL), and mobilization of FA after cell stimulation. Cultured M-Mϕ from treated and untreated RA patients (RA M-Mϕ) took up significantly more linoleic acid (LA), dihomogammalinolenic acid (DHLA) and arachidonic acid (AA) than M-Mϕ from normal volunteers (N M-Mϕ). The enhanced uptake of FA observed in 12-day cultures of RA M-Mϕ was similar to uptake seen in normal human peritoneal macrophages (PMϕ). After uptake FA were incorporated mainly into phosphatidylcholine (PC). M-Mϕ from untreated RA patients incorporated a smaller proportion of [ 14 C]LA into PC (37.0 ± 12.7% of total PL label) than normal cells (86.0 ± 4.2%), and a greater proportion of [ 3 H]AA into PC (57.1 ± 7.1%) than normals (23.9 ± 6.9%). Stimulation of M-Mϕ with calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in significantly greater hydrolysis of LA and AA from PC in RA M-Mϕ from both treated and untreated patients than from PC in N M-Mϕ. The data indicate that M-Mϕ from RA patients mature more rapidly in vitro than M-Mϕ from controls as uptake of FA by RA M-Mϕ increases with duration of culture and by 12 days in culture equals uptake by normal human peritoneal Mϕ. Also, RA M-Mϕ exhibit differences from N M-Mϕ in uptake, PL distribution, and hydrolysis of eicosanoid precursor FA. Such changes in FA metabolism might influence cell function and inflammatory responses.
hp-Version discontinuous Galerkin methods for hyperbolic conservation laws

The development of hp-version discontinuous Galerkin methods for hyperbolic conservation laws is presented in this work. A priori error estimates are derived for a model class of linear hyperbolic conservation laws. These estimates are obtained using a new mesh-dependent norm that reflects the dependence of the approximate solution on the local element size and the local order of approximation. The results generalize and extend previous results on mesh-dependent norms to hp-version discontinuous Galerkin methods. A posteriori error estimates which provide bounds on the actual error are also developed in this work. Numerical experiments verify the a priori estimates and demonstrate the effectiveness of the a posteriori estimates in providing reliable estimates of the actual error in the numerical solution.
7127 Can a 3.1 mm stand-alone battery powered esophagoscope (bpe) screen the esophagus for esophagitis and barrett's ? a prospective blinded comparison with a standard videoendoscope (sve).

Intro: There exist several indications (varices, Barrett's, GERD) where an esophagoscopy alone would suffice rather than a complete endoscopy. Feasibility of esophagoscopy using a prototype battery powered flexible fiberoptic esophagoscope (Olympus XEF-DP) with an outer diameter of 3.1 mm has been reported (GI Endo 1999;49: AB157). Aim: In a prospective blinded study, compare esophageal visualization between the BPE & the SVE. Methods: 95 consecutive pts. underwent sedated esophagoscopy with the BPE foll. by SVE, done by 2 endoscopists, each blinded to the findings of the other. On a visual analogue scale, the 2 endoscopists rated pt. tolerance & instrument performance. Results: 89 (M 57) pts. (mean age 56 yr.) were analyzed. Mean duration of esophagoscopy was 4.4 mins (range 2-10). Sensitivity : specificity (%) with BPE was 94 : 96 (Barrett's) & 87 : 94 (all lesions). Measures of pt. tolerance were (BPE : SVE, p value): intubation ease 96 : 93, 0.06; gagging 98 : 91, 0.0012; coughing 98 : 96, 0.08; belching 89 : 92, 0.02 (higher scores indicate better rating). Measures of scope performance were (BPE : SEV, p value): visibility 90 : 98, 0.0001; air insufflation 92 : 98, 0.001; maneuverability 87 : 99, 0.001. Concl: The esophagus can be accurately visualized in under 5 min with the BPE. Inter-observer variability may account for some of the disagreements. Being a standalone instrument, not needing a light source, processor or a monitor, it could facilitate esophagoscopy outside of the conventional GI lab setting. Its tolerance unsedated, use transnasally & potential in a true screening environment are being studied.
Evaluation of undergraduate research experience: Perceptions of undergraduate interns and their faculty mentors.

This study evaluated the extent to which 14 research skills were enhanced by science undergraduates' participation in an undergraduate research experience (URE). Fifty-seven undergraduates self-rated their ability to perform the skills at the beginning and end of the URE. Faculty mentors' ratings of their respective interns' skills served as an objective measure of intern skill level. Mentor and intern data revealed that the URE enhanced some skills better than others. At the end of the URE, female interns rated their ability to understand concepts in their field significantly lower than did male interns. Female interns also tended to perceive less of an increase in their ability to formulate research hypotheses than did male interns.
Finding skyline paths in road networks

This paper presents a research study on skyline path queries. Given a source s and a destination d on a road network and multiple path search criteria (e.g., short distance and short travel time), a skyline query returns a set of non-dominated paths from s to d. These non-dominated paths are called skyline paths. Efficient computation of skyline path queries is very challenging due to expensive network traversals and extensive path comparisons in dominance tests. In this paper, we explore the characteristics of skyline paths, based on which a novel skyline path search algorithm called SkyPath is proposed. To narrow down the search scope for result skyline paths, partial dominance test and full path dominance test are devised as two components of SkyPath. Evaluation results show the superiority of the SkyPath algorithm over the state-of-the-art approaches.
Fouling of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes by humic acid—Effects of solution composition and hydrodynamic conditions

Fouling of reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes by humic acid, a recalcitrant natural organic matter (NOM), was systematically investigated. The membrane flux performance depended on both hydrodynamic conditions (flux and cross-flow velocity) and solution composition (humic acid concentration, pH, ionic strength, and calcium concentration), and was largely independent of virgin membrane properties. While increasing humic acid concentration and ionic strength, and lowering cross-flow velocity affected flux performance moderately, severe flux reduction occurred at high initial flux, low pH, and high calcium concentration. At a calcium concentration of 1 mM, all the membranes exhibited an identical stable flux, independent of their respective intrinsic membrane permeabilities. The effect of solution composition was more significant at higher fluxes. Improved salt rejection was observed as a result of humic acid fouling, which was likely due to Donnan exclusion by humic material close to membrane surfaces. Greater rejection improvement was observed for membranes with rougher surfaces.
Statistical Aspects of Designs for Studying Sources of Contamination

A design for studying sources of environmental contamination must start with a basis for distinguishing the contamination of interest from the background. As part of this basis, the design should provide a method for assessing the sampling and measurement error. Because of problems with reports of none detected, the design should also include a plan for analyzing intermediate laboratory results in addition to the reported values. This paper discusses these aspects of design in the context of monitoring the groundwater around a waste management facility. A design appropriate for spatially and temporally varying backgrounds is proposed and illustrated with monitoring results from Alabama and Florida. To assess the sampling error, the proposed design species resampling each well after a period of a few days. Experiments to check this procedure are suggested. The proposed design incorporates and supplements the Environmental Protection Agency Laboratory method for total organic halide. In addition, this paper illustrates some difficult design problems that involve nonnormality and nonlinear measurement methods. 22 references, 5 figures, 3 tables.
Changes in TGF-β receptors of rat hepatocytes during primary culture and liver regeneration: Increased expression of TGF-β receptors associated with increased sensitivity to TGF-β-mediated growth inhibition

To clarify the role of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and its receptors in hepatocyte growth, we studied the expression of TGF-beta1 and its receptors and the sensitivity to growth inhibition by TGF-beta1 protein in rat hepatocytes derived from resting and regenerating livers. In hepatocytes derived from resting livers, mRNAs for TGF-beta type II receptor (TbetaR-II), insulin-like growth factor-II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor (IGF-II/M-6-PR), and TGF-beta1 increased with time in primary culture. The cell surface TGF-beta receptor proteins (TbetaR-I, II, and III), examined by the receptor affinity-labeling assay using 125I-TGF-beta1, also increased, especially after 48 hr of culture. Hepatocytes were more sensitive to inhibition of DNA synthesis, when the TGF-beta1 protein was added at later times in culture, corresponding to the presence of increased TGF-beta receptors. In hepatocytes from regenerating livers after a partial hepatectomy (PH), an increase of TbetaR-I, TbetaR-II, TbetaR-III, IGF-II/M-6-PR, and TGF-beta1 mRNAs was found, compared with hepatocytes from resting livers. Similarly, using TGF-beta receptor affinity-labeling assay, hepatocytes from PH livers were found to have an increase in TbetaR-I, II, and III proteins, with a peak at 4 days post-PH, compared with hepatocytes from resting livers. When TGF-beta1 protein was added for a short period (6 or 24 hr) after cell attachment to hepatocyte cultures, it inhibited DNA synthesis more effectively in hepatocytes from regenerating compared with resting livers. Our results show that hepatocyte TGF-beta receptors and sensitivity to growth inhibition by TGF-beta1 protein change together and are modulated during liver regeneration, as well as during the conditions of primary culture.
Opportunities and challenges related to pharmacy technicians in supporting optimal pharmacy practice models in health systems.

Achieving effective new models for pharmacy services in hospitals and health systems will depend on full utilization of pharmacists’ professional knowledge and contact with patients. The need is urgent to redeploy health-system pharmacists’ time to clinical activities, but this will be possible
The Latin American Cultural Studies Reader

The Latin American Cultural Studies Reader brings together thirty-six field-defining essays by the most prominent theorists of Latin American cultural studies. Written over the past several decades, these essays provide an assessment of Latin American cultural studies, an account of the field’s historical formation, and an outline of its significant ideological and methodological trends and theoretical controversies. With many essays appearing in English for the first time, the collection offers a comprehensive view of the specific problems, topics, and methodologies that characterize Latin American cultural studies vis-a-vis British and U.S. cultural studies. Divided into sections preceded by brief introductory essays, this volumetraces the complex development of Latin American cultural studies from its roots in literary criticism and the economic, social, political, and cultural transformations wrought by neoliberal policies in the 1970s. It tracks the impassioned debates within the field during the early 1990s; explores different theoretical trends, including studies of postcolonialism, the subaltern, and globalization; and reflects on the significance of Latin American cultural studies for cultural studies projects outside Latin America. Considering literature, nationalism, soccer, cinema, postcolonialism, the Zapatistas, community radio, and much more, The Latin American Cultural Studies Reader is an invaluable resource for all those who want to understand the past, present, and future of Latin American cultural studies. Contributors. Hugo Achugar, Eduardo Archetti, John Beverley, Jose Joaquin Brunner, Antonio Candido, Debra A. Castillo, Antonio Cornejo Polar, Roman de la Campa, Ana Del Sarto, Roberto Fernandez Retamar, Juan Flores, Jean Franco, Nestor Garcia Canclini, Maria Gudelia Rangel Gomez, Adrian Gorelik, John Kraniauskas, Neil Larsen, Ana Lopez, Jesus Martin-Barbero, Francine Masiello, Daniel Mato, Walter D. Mignolo, Carlos Monsivais, Mabel Morana, Alberto Moreiras, Renato Ortiz, Jose Rabasa, Angel Rama, Gustavo A. Remedi, Darcy Ribeiro, Nelly Richard, Alicia Rios, Beatriz Sarlo, Roberto Schwarz, Irene Silverblatt, Graciela Silvestri, Armando Rosas Solis, Beatriz Gonzalez Stephan, Abril Trigo, George Yudice
Sequential Choice Under Ambiguity: Intuitive Solutions to the Armed-Bandit Problem

The process by which individuals learn from feedback when making recurrent choices among ambiguous alternatives is explored. We describe an experiment in which subjects solve a variant of the classic armed-bandit problem of dynamic decision theory, set in the context of airline choice. Subjects are asked to make repeated choices between two hypothetical airlines, one having an on-time departure probability which is known a priori, and the other has an ambiguous probability whose true value can only be discovered by making sample trips on the airline. Subjects attempt to make choices in such a way as to maximize the total number of one-time departures over a fixed planning horizon. We examine the extent to which actual choice patterns over time are consistent with those which would be made by a decision maker acting as an optimal Bernoulli sampler. The data offer support for a number of expected-and some unexpected-departures from optimality, including a tendency to underexperiment with promising options and overexperiment with unpromising options, and a tendency to increasingly switch between airlines as the average base rate of departures decreases. Implications of the work for the descriptive validity of normative dynamic decision models is explored, as well as for the generalizability of previous findings about choice under ambiguity to dynamic settings.
The Impact of Spirometry on Pediatric Asthma Diagnosis and Treatment

Research has shown that spirometry is underutilized in the clinical setting. This study profiles the use of spirometry in an asthma management program at an inner-city community health clinic. Eligible subjects included 56 children who presented with an acute asthma exacerbation. Physicians recorded patient diagnosis before and after viewing spirometry. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was used to determine associations between symptoms and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1). Physicians changed 30.4% of patients' treatment plans after viewing spirometry results. Wheezing was significantly associated with FEV1 in bivariate analysis; however, multivariate modeling failed to identify significant relationships. The use of spirometry influenced patient diagnosis and treatment.
School phobia: a discussion of aetiology, treatment and evaluation.

A discussion of the literature dealing with childhood school phobia has been delineated into five main areas: definition of school phobia and its frequency, aetiology, treatment, follow-up, and met...
Studies of the Chick Edema Disease 9. Response of Chicks Fed or Singly Administered Synthetic Edema-Producing Compounds

Abstract Feeding and injection studies have been performed with synthetic compounds which produce edema and pathological changes in S.C. White Leghorn chicks. Polychlorinated derivatives of dibenzo-p-dioxin were prepared either by chlorination of dibenzo-p-dioxin or by pyrolysis of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and pentachlorophenol. The compounds prepared were administered to chicks by either oral feedings, oral intubation or intra-abdominal injection. Results of the feeding studies indicated that the hexachloro derivatives of dibenzo-p-dioxin most readily elicited the edema aspect of the chick edema disease but had low lethality, whereas the derivatives containing 3 and 4 chlorine atoms per molecule also caused edema but were the most lethal of the compounds tested. Hepta-and octachloro-dioxins, although capable of producing evidence of disease, were less toxic than the other polychlorinated derivatives. The pyrolytic product of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, a mixture of predominantly hexa- and heptachlorodibenzo-p dioxins, was toxic when administered in single doses by way of oral intubation or by intra-abdominal injection.
Confocal imaging and local photolysis of caged compounds: Dual probes of synaptic function

Chemical signals generated at synapses are highly limited in both spatial range and time course, so that experiments studying such signals must measure and manipulate them in both these dimensions. We describe an optical system that combines confocal laser scanning microscopy, to measure such signals, with focal photolysis of caged compounds. This system can elevate neurotransmitter and second messenger levels in femtoliter volumes of single dendrites within a millisecond. The method is readily combined with whole-cell patch-clamp measurements of electrical signals in brain slices. In cerebellar Purkinje cells, photolysis of caged IP3 causes spatially restricted intracellular release of Ca2+, and photolysis of a caged Ca2+ compound locally opens Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channels. Furthermore, localized photolysis of the caged neurotransmitter GABA transiently activates GABA receptors. The use of focal uncaging can yield new information about the spatial range of signaling actions at synapses.
Political geography in the Western Pacific after the adoption of the 1982 United Nations convention on the law of the sea

Abstract The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea laid out certain guidelines for delimiting exclusive economic zones (EEZs) and continental shelf boundaries which could aid in resolving maritime boundary questions in the Western Pacific. However, many of these questions are closely related to territorial disputes, primarily over certain islands, which must be resolved before the boundaries themselves can be settled. The basic opposing principles debated at UNCLOS III were the equidistance or median line principle, and that of ‘equitable principles’ and ‘relevant circumstances’. The matter was never resolved and the Convention guidelines remain ambiguous. A case-by-case analysis of a number of contemporary disputes reveals the importance of even these ambiguous provisions for the delimitation of uncertain boundaries. The disputes studied are those between Japan and South Korea; China and North Korea; China and South Korea; South and North Korea; China, Taiwan and Japan; Taiwan and the Philippines; China and Vietnam; and China, Taiwan, the Philippines, Vietnam and Malaysia. A possible interim solution to many of these disputes would be the establishment of maritime neutral zones in the disputed areas in which joint development of resources could take place in accordance with the 1982 Convention.
Climate Change as the Work of Mourning

Climate change discourse often negates grief and mourning associated with the resulting environmental alterations. Mourning, however, holds potential for expanding climate change discourse in politically and ethically productive ways. This article extends the analysis of mourning to non-humans through a recognition of shared vulnerability, and examines the ways in which constituting non-humans as mournable expands climate change discourse, research, ethics, and politics. By transcending humanism to ground an ethical ecology of mourning, the ways in which thinking climate change as the work of mourning can contribute to an ecological democracy-to-come, and achieve a more inclusive political order, will be considered.
Satellite-based measurements of radio phase scintillation using CITRIS, DORIS and CERTO

Summary form only given. Unique data on ionospheric plasma irregularities and radio scintillations were collected using the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Scintillation and TEC Receiver in Space (CITRIS) instrument. CITRIS is a multi-band receiver that recorded Total Electron Content (TEC), amplitude and phase scintillations from Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) on STPSat1. The 555+/5 km altitude 35° inclination orbit covers low and mid-latitudes, large portions of the Earth (including the Pacific, African and South American sectors), during unusually quite solar activity from April 2007 to March 2009. The measurements require propagation from a transmitter to a receiver through the F-region plasma. CITRIS used both 1) the French global network of ground-based Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) beacons transmitting at 401.25 and 2036.25 MHz and 2) satellite beacons in LEO, such as the NRL Coherent Electromagnetic Radio TOmography (CERTO) three-frequency beacons transmitting at 150/400/1067 MHz. This talk will concentrate on the analysis of DORIS-to-CITRIS (ground-tosatellite) measurements of phase scintillations. The CITRIS instrument was typically operated on a one second cadence, which is shorter then most phase scintillation measurements reported using ground based receivers (typically 10s to 100s). The rapid apparent motion of the LEO satellite, where a ground pass lasts only ~10 minutes, dictated the shorter time interval for the measurements. We will discuss the analysis of the CITRIS phase measurements for both the DORISto-CITRIS and CERTO-to-CITRIS links and compare these with simultaneous amplitudes, amplitude scintillations and TEC data. The CITRIS data indicate that a receiver in space is useful for monitoring and studying ionospheric irregularities and their effects on radio communications and navigation.
Assessing Individual Differences in Decision Making Styles: Analytical vs. Intuitive

Decision strategies are often characterized as being intuition-based or analytically-based. The use of these strategies is proposed to be associated with individual differences in propensity toward using different decision making styles. A reliable self-report measure, the Decision Making Styles Inventory (DMI), consisting of 15 items on each of three scales was constructed. The items were found to differentiate among an “analytical”, an “intuitive”, and a “regret-based” emotional decision making style. The analytical and intuitive scales were found to predict differences in performance in a complex dynamic decision making task. on a decision making subtask, a greater general reliance on an analytical decision making style was found to lead to poorer performance. Greater reliance on a more intuitive approach had no effect on this subtask, but was found to predict better performance as workload levels increased. These findings suggest that human performance may be significantly influenced when either a mor...
Heterosexual copulatory patterns in stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides) and in other macaque species

A comparison of the mating behavior patterns of several macaque species reveals that the mating behavior of Macaca arctoidesexhibits several unique features. The laboratory groups of stumptail monkeys observed had exceptionally long single-mount copulations characterized by a large number of pelvic thrusts, a slow thrusting rate, and an unusually salient male orgasmic pattern (characterized by body rigidity followed by body spasms and a typical facial expression and vocalization). The frequency with which the copulation culminates in ejaculation is unusually high, and copulating stumptails generally manifest “tieing” in a genital lock after ejaculation.
Analysis of non-strict functional implementations of the Dongarra-Sorensen eigensolver

We study the producer-consumer parallelism of Eigensolvers composed of a tridiagonalization function, a tridiagonal solver, and a matrix multiplication, written in the non-strict functional programming language Id. We verify the claim that non-strict functional languages allow the natural exploitation of this type of parallelism, in the framework of realistic numerical codes. We compare the standard top-down Dongarra-Sorensen solver with a new, bottom-up version. We show that this bottom-up implementation is much more space efficient than the top-down version. Also, we compare both versions of the Dongarra-Sorensen solver with the more traditional QL algorithm, and verify that the Dongarra-Sorensen solver is much more efficient, even when run in a serial mode. We show that in a non-strict functional execution model, the Dongarra-Sorensen algorithm can run completely in parallel with the Householder function. Moreover, this can be achieved without any change in the code components. We also indicate how the critical path of the complete Eigensolver can be improved.
Plasmids controlling exclusion of the K2 killer double-stranded RNA plasmid of yeast

Saccharomyces strains of two types (K1+R1+ and K2+R2+) kill each other and K-R--sensitive strains by secreting protein toxins. K1 killer strains carry a 1.25 X 10(6) dalton double-stranded RNA plasmid, [KIL-k1], while K2 killers have a 1.0 X 10(6) dalton double-stranded RNA plasmid, [KIL-k2]. Mating [KIL-k1] haploids with [KIL-k2] haploids yields only [KIL-k1] diploids, that is, [KIL-k1] excludes [KIL-k2]. [EXL], a new non-Mendelian genetic element from a nonkiller strain, excludes [KIL-k2] but does not exclude [KIL-k1]. A second new non-Mendelian genetic element, called [NEX], when present prevents [EXL] from excluding [KIL-k2]. [NEX] does not prevent [KIL-k1] or [KIL-s1] (a suppressive mutant of [KIL-k1]) from excluding [KIL-k2]. A chromosomal gene, called MKT1, is needed for maintenance of [KIL-k2] if [NEX] is present. In the absence of [NEX], [KIL-k2] does not need MKT1. [KIL-k1] does not need MKT1 even if [NEX] is present. [EXL] replication depends on at least the products of MAK1, MAK3, MAK10 and PET18. [NEX] replication depends on MAK3 but is independent of MAK4, MAK6, MAK27 and MKT1.
Sequential variables as determinant! of human performance with attitudinal reinforcements

The present experiments were undertaken to investigate the effects of variables which have proven important in sequential theory upon performance when attitudinal stimuli and human Ss were used. Ss were presented with either long or short N-lengths (the number of consecutive nonrewarded trials followed by a rewarded trial). The long N-length group proved to be more resistant to extinction than the short N-length group, but the significance level was marginal (F = 2.36, df = 1/38, p <.13) for a timed measure of extinction, while it was highly significant for a verbal report measure of extinction (F = 8.58, df = 1/38, p <.006). Two additional groups were run, one being continuously reinforced (RR) and the other receiving 50% reinforcement, but with all of its nonrewarded trials preceding its reinforced trials (NR). Group NR was more resistant to extinction than Group RR.
Microcantilever array sensors with integrated PDMS microfluidics

We recently developed a new in-plane photonic transduction method for simultaneous readout of microcantilevers in an array on a single chip. Here we describe scale-up of array size to 64 microcantilevers (MCLs) and integration of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidics with chips including multiple MCL arrays. We illustrate biosensing with biotin/streptavidin as a model system, and demonstrate an integrated on-chip pump with a MCL array.