cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of a new cis-element, cAMP responsive element (CRE), in human osteocalcin (OC) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) promoters mediating osteomimicry of prostate cancer cells via a cAMP dependent PKA signaling pathway.

3418 Osteoblast-specific genes, osteocalcin (OC) and bone sialoprotein (BSP), are noncollagenous bone matrix proteins expressed by maturing osteoblasts and bone. The physiological functions of OC and BSP are to participate in bone formation, maturation, and mineralization. Recent data from our laboratory demonstrated human prostate cancer cell osteomimicry, which was reflected in their ability to express bone-like proteins such as OC and BSP. Overexpression of these bone matrix proteins by prostate cancer cells could result in the recruitment of osteoblasts, increased bone remodeling, aberrant calcium deposition and improved adhesion and survival of prostate cancer cells in bone. This may contribute to the osteotrophic characteristics of prostate cancer bone metastasis. Not much is known about the expression and regulation of these proteins in prostate cancer cells. We investigated the cis-element and trans-factors required to activate human OC (hOC) and BSP promoter activity in an aggressive form of human prostate cancer, the C4-2B cell line. We have established a highly sensitive assay method that allows us to delineate the effects of conditioned media (CMs) collected from prostate cancer and bone stromal cells on hOC and hBSP promoter activities. The results of our study showed that: 1) the extent of OC promoter activation by the CMs correlated positively with the aggressiveness of prostate cancer lines; 2) OC promoter activation by CMs appeared to be restricted to cancer epithelial cells and was not observed in normal bone or cancerous bone cells; 3) both hOC and hBSP mRMA expression, as assessed by RT-PCR, were enhanced by CMs; 4) a novel cis-acting element, identified as CRE, within hOC and hBSP promoters is responsible for CMs-activated hOC and hBSP promoter activity via a cAMP-dependent PKA signaling pathway, as evidenced by forskolin and dibutyryl cAMP stimulation. Experiments are in progress to isolate a soluble factor responsible for hOC and hBSP promoter activation. In summary, we identified a novel regulatory pathway that permits us to define the molecular basis of osteomimicry in human prostate cancer cells. Expression of bone-like proteins by prostate cancer cells may support their growth and survival in bone.
What about the behavioral constellation of advantage

Many short-sighted behaviors are more common among poorer people. These behaviors are neither evolutionarily nor historically unusual and have strong contemporary encouragement. The bigger puzzle is their lower frequency among the affluent. The behaviors also have clear cultural and normative aspects that limit the usefulness of strictly individualist theories.
Brain oxygenation with a non-vasoactive perfluorocarbon emulsion in a rat model of traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess, in two experiments, the safety and efficacy of the PFC emulsion Oxycyte as an oxygen therapeutic for TBI to test the hypothesis that early administration of this oxygen-carrying fluid post-TBI would improve brain tissue oxygenation (Pbt O2 ). METHODS The first experiment assessed the effects of Oxycyte on cerebral vasoactivity in healthy, uninjured rats using intravital microscopy. The second experiment investigated the effect of Oxycyte on cerebral Pbt O2 using the PQM in TBI model. Animals in the Oxycyte group received a single injection of Oxycyte (6 mL/kg) shortly after TBI, while NON animals received no treatment. RESULTS Oxycyte did not cause vasoconstriction in small- (<50 μm) or medium- (50-100 μm) sized pial arterioles nor did it cause a significant change in blood pressure. Treatment with Oxycyte while breathing 100% O2 did not improve Pbt O2 . However, in rats ventilated with ~40% O2 , Pbt O2 improved to near pre-TBI values within 105 minutes after Oxycyte injection. CONCLUSIONS Although Oxycyte did not cause cerebral vasoconstriction, its use at the dose tested while breathing 100% O2 did not improve Pbt O2 following TBI. However, Oxycyte treatment while breathing a lower enriched oxygen concentration may improve Pbt O2 after TBI.
Distinct MHC class I-like interacting invariant T cell lineage at the forefront of mycobacterial immunity uncovered in Xenopus.

The amphibian Xenopus laevis is to date the only species outside of mammals where a MHC class I-like (MHC-like) restricted innate-like (i) T cell subset (iVα6 T cells) reminiscent of CD1d-restricted iNKT cells has been identified and functionally characterized. This provides an attractive in vivo model to study the biological analogies and differences between mammalian iT cells and the evolutionarily antecedent Xenopus iT cell defense system. Here, we report the identification of a unique iT cell subset (Vα45-Jα1.14) requiring a distinct MHC-like molecule (mhc1b4.L or XNC4) for its development and function. We used two complementary reverse genetic approaches: RNA interference by transgenesis to impair expression of either XNC4 or the Vα45-Jα1.14 rearrangement, and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated disruption of the Jα1.14 gene segment. Both XNC4 deficiency that ablates iVα45T cell development and the direct disruption of the iVα45-Jα1.14 T cell receptor dramatically impairs tadpole resistance to Mycobacterium marinum (Mm) infection. The higher mortality of Mm-infected tadpoles deficient for iVα45T cells correlates with dysregulated expression responses of several immune genes. In contrast, iVα45-Jα1.14–deficient tadpoles remain fully competent against infection by the ranavirus FV3, which indicates a specialization of this unique iT cell subset toward mycobacterial rather than viral pathogens that involve iVα6 T cells. These data suggest that amphibians, which are evolutionarily separated from mammals by more than 350 My, have independently diversified a prominent and convergent immune surveillance system based on MHC-like interacting innate-like T cells.
Weighted Nevanlinna-Pick Interpolation

This paper uses commutant lifting techniques along with the state space method, to solve a weighted and hyper-weighted Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation problem. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution are given. Some specific state space formulas to calculate the corresponding interpolants are presented.
Solid Tumors of Childhood

Cancer in children, as compared with adults, is rare. From 1993 to 2000, the incidence of cancer in children and adolescents aged 0 to 19 years was approximately 160 cases per 1 million.1 Despite the relative rarity of the disease and the progress made in therapy, cancer remains the leading cause of disease-related death in children ages 1 to 19 years2 (Figure 62.1).
Mechanism of enzyme regulation by calmodulin and Ca2

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the mechanism of enzyme regulation by calmodulin and Ca 2+ . The interactions between Ca 2+ , calmodulin, and a calmodulin-dependent enzyme can be described by a set of macroscopic equilibria. Information on the various interactions between Ca 2+ , calmodulin, and calmodulin-dependent enzymes is of particular importance as these interactions ultimately dictate the nature of the Ca 2+ dependence of these enzymes. Quantitative characterization of these interactions has been hindered by the fact that the interaction between calmodulin and its target enzymes in the absence of Ca 2+ is usually of very low affinity, and the Ca 2+ binding to the enzyme-calmodulin complex cannot be determined directly. The activity of PDE as a function of Ca 2+ and calmodulin can be measured with high precision by using the technique of flow-microcalorimetry to monitor the PDE-catalyzed hydrolysis of cAMP. A possible structural change on calmodulin when it binds to PDE is the reorientation of the α-helices flanking the Ca 2+ -binding loop. This would lead to a change in the position of the amino acid residues that coordinate with Ca 2+ and thus change the affinity of Ca 2+ . Recent NMR studies indicate that the positions of the α-helices in calmodulin are altered when the protein is bound with Ca 2+ ; whether the helices undergo further reorientation with enzyme binding remains to be determined.
Nonlinear hydrodynamic effects in dense microplasmas interacting with microwaves

Plasmas respond nonlinearly to GHz electromagnetic waves, owing to nonlinear interactions described by the electron momentum equation. These nonlinearities are especially important in high field regions of the plasma as is common in resonant structures that generate plasma discharges with intense localized amplification of the incident field. Most models treat the plasma as a linear Drude material that does not capture the nonlinear polarization terms of a plasma. In this work, we couple the nonlinear electron momentum equation to electromagnetic wave simulation in order to explore the nonlinear behavior. We develop a theoretical foundation via perturbation analysis to guide our expectations from numerical simulation. Through numerical simulation of 2D TE-polarized waves incident on a cylindrical plasma, we show that in the presence of electrical field strengths of ∼MV/m and higher, dense microplasmas have second harmonic power conversion efficiency approaching 10 − 6 at low pressures. The generated harmonic power is shown to arise mostly from the inertial term in the electron momentum equation. Therefore, a significant portion of the harmonic current density is generated at the surfaces of critical electron density for the fundamental frequency.Plasmas respond nonlinearly to GHz electromagnetic waves, owing to nonlinear interactions described by the electron momentum equation. These nonlinearities are especially important in high field regions of the plasma as is common in resonant structures that generate plasma discharges with intense localized amplification of the incident field. Most models treat the plasma as a linear Drude material that does not capture the nonlinear polarization terms of a plasma. In this work, we couple the nonlinear electron momentum equation to electromagnetic wave simulation in order to explore the nonlinear behavior. We develop a theoretical foundation via perturbation analysis to guide our expectations from numerical simulation. Through numerical simulation of 2D TE-polarized waves incident on a cylindrical plasma, we show that in the presence of electrical field strengths of ∼MV/m and higher, dense microplasmas have second harmonic power conversion efficiency approaching 10 − 6 at low pressures. The generated ...
Post Kidney Transplant: Infectious Complication

Solid organ transplant recipients are at higher risk of infection than the non-immunosuppressed population. Individual risk of infection is a composite of epidemiologic exposure and net state of immunosuppression. One of the most predictive aspects of the immunosuppressive regimen on infection risk is temporal distribution from date of transplant. Patients are at highest risk for opportunistic infections such as Nocardia, pneumocystis, listeria, cryptococcal disease, and endemic fungal infections in post transplant months 2–6. Immunomodulating viruses such as CMV, EBV, VZV, adenovirus, RSV, HCV, HBV and parasitic infections such as Strongyloides, toxoplasmosis, leishmania, and Trypanosoma cruzi are also a concern during this time period. In order to prevent OI in transplant recipients, transplant providers will provide antimicrobials prior to disease processes. The recommended prophylactic method after transplant will differ based on organism, as well as individual patient characteristics. Throughout this chapter multiple drug therapies will be reviewed, however in the setting of opportunistic infection, the key to mitigation is allowance of host immune reconstitution. The presence of opportunistic infection suggests an imbalance between rejection prevention with iatrogenic immunosuppression and infection.
A Switched Reluctance Motor Drive System for Future Applications in the Emerged IMPS

The dynamic evolution of the electrical loads aboard ships and vessels within the marine industry in the twenty-first century calls for further research and development of integrated marine power systems (IMPS) with drive systems and electrical propulsion components. As the future IMPS will become predominantly driven by power electronic devices, switched reluctance motor drives (SRM) would subsequently pave their way into the future shipboard systems. SRMs are double-salient machines that have salient poles on both the stator and rotor. This double-salient structure of the stator and rotor provides the motor with high starting torque characteristics that makes it suitable for maritime industry, in particular traction and hoist applications. Furthermore, as the phases of the SRM drive are electrically-separated, this feature makes the motor attractive for marine applications since survivability is extremely significant in marine systems. This paper presents an analytical design of an SRM drive system. The work reported here represents a part of an ongoing research carried out at the undergraduate level. In this work, an 6/4 SRM drive system is designed and tested. Since the torque production in SRMs is mainly depending on the magnetic characteristics of the motor, an algorithm is developed to determine the inductance profile vs. the rotor position of the SRM. The phase currents and the average torque produced by the motor are also obtained using proper control schemes. Additionally, an advanced angle control technique is developed to retain motoring operation (i.e. operation in Quadrant 1). Techniques to revamp the performance of the drive system are still being under study and will be reported shortly in due course.
Derechos fundamentales: indeterminación conceptual, plasmación jurídica e interpretación

This paper presents a reflection on the role of the Legislator and its competence for the decision. I propose a debate about the range of possible collisions between concepts from which to reconsider the relations between constitutional organs, the theory of the Constitution, the theory of the State and the theory of democracy. In these tensions can be glimpsed nuances differentiated between two stages: the moment of the Law’ creation and those of the Law’ application. Received: 30 October 2018 Accepted : 21 November 2018 Published online: 27 December 2018
Project Management and Transparency for Capital Projects

Program- and project-management best practices are typically implemented when a corporation aims to work efficiently and effectively to deliver its projects to the customers on time and to maximize shareholder value. In comparison, when looking at either the public or government sector, projects are typically funded primarily by taxpayer dollars, and reporting requirements and overall level oversight tend to be less consistent. Prior to leaving office, President Barack Obama signed into law the Program Management Improvement and Accountability Act, which focuses on the program- and project-management requirements of government-initiated projects. President Donald Trump succeeded Obama in office, and continued to focus on improving project-management governance and project execution. This technical note explores government-funded capital projects, the project-management practices implemented by select government agencies, and the current reporting requirements. Best practices are highlighted. Excerpt UVA-QA-0899 Jun. 12, 2018 Project Management and Transparency for Capital Projects “As with many other public agencies, far too many of the School Construction Authority (SCA) projects are over time and over budget. As this analysis shows, it is incumbent on us as a city to achieve capital project management reform and take serious steps to get them on time and on budget.” In August 2017, Brooklyn Councilman Brad Lander identified overruns in 63% of large-scale school-related projects and called for a task force to implement change. Using city data published on an online dashboard, he estimated that these overruns totaled over $ 300million more than estimated. While the data does not tell the full picture, with vague explanations for project overruns such as “scope” or “other,” elected officials and the public find themselves questioning the project-management practices employed by government agencies overseeing large-scale projects and calling for increased data transparency across publicly funded projects. At the national level, government project management practices also face a lot of scrutiny. Prior to leaving office, President Barack Obama signed into law the Program Management Improvement and Accountability Act (PMIAA), which primarily focused on the program- and project-management officers and establishing common templates and tools. The act also mandated that each agency identify a senior executive to serve as the agency's Program Management Improvement Officer, driving project-management strategy within the organization. President Donald Trump succeeded Obama in office, and while they represented different political parties and had vastly different views on many issues, President Trump has continued to focus on project management. Investments in areas like infrastructure are complimented by reforms related to government processes and “red tape.” In addition, Trump has been very vocal about reducing costs associated with government contracts, publicly targeting manufacturers Boeing and Lockheed. . . .
Trabecular cutting: a novel surgical therapy to increase diastolic compliance

We postulate that, in mammalian hearts, free-running trabeculae carneae exist to provide tensile support to the left ventricle and minimize diastolic wall stress. Because of hypertrophy and fibrosi...
Electrical Performance Limits of Fine Pitch Interconnects for Heterogeneous Integration

Heterogeneous integration facilitates faster design cycles with optimal functional IP module and silicon node combinations, but requires ultra-high bandwidth for the die-to-die communications. Fine pitch interconnects can meet such high bandwidth demands with simpler circuits, lower power and less latency. Hence, it is of utmost importance to understand the performance of these interconnects at different speeds and channel lengths. This paper focuses on a parametric study over the basic design parameters of a generic fine pitch interconnect, to explore the electrical performance limits. As a result of this study, practical guidelines are provided for the die-to-die channel design.
fagin: synteny-based phylostratigraphy and finer classification of young genes

With every new genome that is sequenced, thousands of species-specific genes (orphans) are found, some originating from ultra-rapid mutations of existing genes, many others originating de novo from non-genic regions of the genome. If some of these genes survive across speciations, then extant organisms will contain a patchwork of genes whose ancestors first appeared at different times. Standard phylostratigraphy, the technique of partitioning genes by their age, is based solely on protein similarity algorithms. However, this approach relies on negative evidence ─ a failure to detect a homolog of a query gene. An alternative approach is to limit the search for homologs to syntenic regions. Then, genes can be positively identified as de novo orphans by tracing them to non-coding sequences in related species. We have developed a synteny-based pipeline in the R framework. Fagin determines the genomic context of each query gene in a focal species compared to homologous sequence in target species. We tested the fagin pipeline on two focal species, Arabidopsis thaliana (plus four target species in Brassicaseae) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (plus six target species in Saccharomyces). Using microsynteny maps, fagin classified the homology relationship of each query gene against each target genome into three main classes, and further subclasses: AAic (has a coding syntenic homolog), NTic (has a non-coding syntenic homolog), and Unknown (has no detected syntenic homolog). fagin inferred over half the “Unknown” A. thaliana query genes, and about 20% for S. cerevisiae, as lacking a syntenic homolog because of local indels or scrambled synteny. fagin augments standard phylostratigraphy, and extends synteny-based phylostratigraphy with an automated, customizable, and detailed contextual analysis. By comparing synteny-based phylostrata to standard phylostrata, fagin systematically identifies those orphans and lineage-specific genes that are well-supported to have originated de novo. Analyzing within-species genomes should distinguish orphan genes that may have originated through rapid divergence from de novo orphans. Fagin also delineates whether a gene has no syntenic homolog because of technical or biological reasons. These analyses indicate that some orphans may be associated with regions of high genomic perturbation.
Early Mathematical Experiences of Successful African American Scientists, Engineers, and Mathematicians

BRIAN A. WILLIAMS is the director of the Alonzo A. Crim Center for Urban Educational Excellence and an associate professor in the Department of Early Childhood Education in the College of Education at Georgia State University, 30 Pryor Street, Atlanta, GA 30302, e-mail: bawilli@gsu.edu. His work is situated at the intersection of science education, urban education, and education for social justice. More specifically, he is interested in the ways in which equity issues related to race, ethnicity, culture, and class influence science teaching and learning and access to science literacy. Early Mathematical Experiences of Successful African American Scientists, Engineers, and Mathematicians
Profiling Cell–Matrix Adhesion Using Digitalized Acoustic Streaming

Profiling the kinetics of cell-matrix adhesion is of great importance to understand many physiological and pathological processes such as morphogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. Here, we developed a novel digital acoustofluidic device for parallel profiling cell-matrix adhesion at single-cell level. By introduction of localized and uniform acoustic streaming into an open chamber microfluidic device, the adherent cells within the open chamber can be detached by the streaming-induced Stokes drag force. By digital regulation of pulsed acoustic power from a low level to high levels, the hundreds of adherent cells can be ruptured from the fibronectin-coated substrate accordingly, and their adhesive forces (from several pN to several nN) and kinetics can be determined by the applied power and cell incubation time. As a proof-of-concept application for studying cancer metastasis, we applied this technique to measure the adhesion strength and kinetics of human breast cancer cells to extracellular matrix such as fibronectin and compared their metastatic potentials by measuring the rupture force of cancer cells representing malignant (MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells) and nonmalignant (MCF-10A cells) states. Our acoustofluidic device is simple, easy to operate, and capable of measuring, in parallel, hundreds of individual cells' adhesion forces with a resolution at the pN level. Thus, we expect this device could be widely used for both fundamental cell biology research as well as development of cancer diagnostics and tissue engineering technologies.
Thoracoscopic repair with simplified mattress sutures in the treatment of diaphragmatic hernia in neonates without posterolateral rim of diaphragm

Objective To explore the initial experience of thoracoscopic repair with simplified mattress sutures in the treatment of diaphragmatic hernia in neonates without posterolateral rim of diaphragm. Methods A retrospective review of the new simplified technique in 10 cases from March 2015 to October 2017 was performed.Of the patients, 6 cases were male, 4 cases were female.The age was 10min-1d, 7 cases were term newborns, and 3 cases were premature.The mean weight was 2.88 kg(ranged 2.3-3.5kg). All the 4 cases were left-sided.Two to three primary suture sites were taken from the relative intercostal region of the body surface projection of the defect.A snip incision about 1 mm of the skin was done.Two 2-0 non-absorbable sutures round the rib were inserted between the front edged of the defect and the diaphragm muscle through a syringe needle.The first thread was brought out of the body by the ring of the second thread and knot tying was made extracorporally.The posterolateral defect was closed; the knot was under the skin of intercostals space. Results Ten neonates with CDH were repaired successfully using this new simplified technique.The mean operative time was 37.5min(ranged 25-60min) for each CDH repair.No cases required conversion to open surgery, blood loss was minimal.The 10 cases were followed up for 16.5 months(ranged 5-24 months), with no death and no recurrence.One neonate complicated with subcutaneous emphysema postoperatively and healed in one week. Conclusion The new technique of thoracoscopic repairing with simplified mattress sutures when no posterolateral rim of diaphragm exists has all the advantages of thoracoscopy in neonates combined with the advantages of reduced operative time, simplicity, feasibility and definite curative effect and has the value of clinical popularization. Key words: Hernia, diaphragmatic; Thoracoscopy; Reconstructive surgical procedures; Infant, newborn
Generalization of Agent Behavior through Explicit Representation of Context.

In order to deploy autonomous agents in digital interactive environments, they must be able to act robustly in unseen situations. The standard machine learning approach is to include as much variation as possible into training these agents. The agents can then interpolate within their training, but they cannot extrapolate much beyond it. This paper proposes a principled approach where a context module is coevolved with a skill module in the game. The context module recognizes the temporal variation in the game and modulates the outputs of the skill module so that the action decisions can be made robustly even in previously unseen situations. The approach is evaluated in the Flappy Bird and LunarLander video games, as well as in the CARLA autonomous driving simulation. The Context+Skill approach leads to significantly more robust behavior in environments that require extrapolation beyond training. Such a principled generalization ability is essential in deploying autonomous agents in real-world tasks, and can serve as a foundation for continual adaptation as well.
115. USING IMPLEMENTATION RESEARCH FRAMEWORK TO FOCUS ON PEDIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH

Surveys of pediatric program directors have identified the need for dissemination of mental health guidelines into pediatric training programs./Education on guidelines is challenging without an underlying framework for implementation./The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) has been used in medical education settings. We utilized the CFIR to develop a multidisciplinary intervention that implemented 2011 AAP ADHD guidelines into an academic pediatric residency practice. Our desired outcomes included increasing confidence, improved use of Vanderbilt Screening and improved continuity of care for patients with ADHD. Utilizing the CFIR, we created a process to transform the un-adapted intervention (ADHD guidelines) into an adapted intervention directly applicable to patients. See figure 1. Providers were surveyed pre-intervention (PI), immediate post-intervention (IPI) and six months following intervention (FI). Investigators audited charts for conformity with the guidelines, continuity of care, intervals of visit, standardized documentation and receipt of Vanderbilt screening measures. Sixty-three providers participated. We aggregated data for the 63 and paired responses for 29 participants. When given the statement “there is a standard of care for patients,” 35.3% agreed PI, 82.4% agreed IPI and 83% agreed FI. Participants who indicated some or greater confidence in applying the AAP clinical guidelines moved from 31.8% PI to 86.4% IPI and 83.3% FI. Participants indicated that there was a teacher Vanderbilt available for their patients >50% of the time at 43% PI, 70.7% IPI and 83.3% FI. Respondents were asked “how often are you the primary care provider for patient visits regarding ADHD?” Participants answered that they were the PCP >50% of the time 22.9% PI, 23.7% IPI and 51.7% FI. The CFIR works as a framework to implement a mental health guideline into pediatric practice that may be superior to solely curriculum-based efforts alone. Outcomes continued to improve FI indicating potential longevity. Use of the CFIR framework could be expanded to implement more pediatric guidelines.
The Pacific decadal oscillation as a modulator of summertime North Atlantic Rossby wave breaking

Investigation into the Pacific decadal oscillation’s (PDO’s) role in modulating the intra-basin frequency of North Atlantic Rossby wave breaking (RWB) is carried out utilizing the Community Earth System Model (CESM). Several 15-year simulations are run with the model, each using a unique set of prescribed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) corresponding to different phases and configurations of the PDO regressed on all 12 months of the climatological SSTs. Potential vorticity (PV) maps on the 200 hPa isobaric surface are used to detect anticyclonic RWB events. Results suggest that when the PDO is in its positive (negative) phase, a greater number of anticyclonic RWB events are recorded in the eastern (western) half of the North Atlantic. Additionally, PDO negative regimes are shown to drive more robust intra-basin RWB frequency changes than PDO positive regimes. Analysis of the large-scale circulation and synoptic environment changes imposed by the SST anomalies of each simulation reveals different pathways for Rossby wave train (RWT) development that, in turn, affect North Atlantic RWB statistics. When the PDO signals are divided into different components, the largest changes in RWB statistics are shown to occur whenever positive SST anomalies are present in the North Pacific, as these serve as fuel for high frequency RWT development and more dramatic changes to North Atlantic RWB statistics. Furthermore, the role of atmospheric preconditioning to RWB is explored and uncovered to considerably affect RWB statistics. Results from this study reaffirm the important role played by positive SST anomalies as year-round drivers of teleconnection patterns and inter-basin interactions.
Total Ionizing Dose Radiation Testing of NVIDIA Jetson Nano GPUs

On-board electronics for small satellites can achiew high performance and power efficiency by using state-of-the-art commercial processors such as graphical processing units (GPUs). However, because commercial GPUs are not designed to operate in a space environment, they must be evaluated to determine their tolerance to radiation effects including Total Ionizing Dose (TID). In this research, TID radiation testing is performed on NVIDIA Jetson Nano GPUs using the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory's Cobalt-60 panoramic irradiator. Preliminary results suggest operation beyond20 krad(Si), which is sufficient radiation tolerance for short duration small satellite missions.
TU-F-CAMPUS-J-03: Elasticity Functions Based On 4DCT Images to Predict Tumor and Normal Tissue Response to Radiation for Patients with Lung Cancers

Purpose: To investigate radiotherapy outcomes by incorporating 4DCT-based physiological and tumor elasticity functions for lung cancer patients. Methods: 4DCT images were acquired from 28 lung SBRT patients before radiation treatment. Deformable image registration (DIR) was performed from the end-inhale to the end-exhale using a B-Spline-based algorithm (Elastix, an open source software package). The resultant displacement vector fields (DVFs) were used to calculate a relative Jacobian function (RV) for each patient. The computed functions in the lung and tumor regions represent lung ventilation and tumor elasticity properties, respectively. The 28 patients were divided into two groups: 16 with two-year tumor local control (LC) and 12 with local failure (LF). The ventilation and elasticity related RV functions were calculated for each of these patients. Results: The LF patients have larger RV values than the LC patients. The mean RV value in the lung region was 1.15 (±0.67) for the LF patients, higher than 1.06 (±0.59) for the LC patients. In the tumor region, the elasticity-related RV values are 1.2 (±0.97) and 0.86 (±0.64) for the LF and LC patients, respectively. Among the 16 LC patients, 3 have the mean RV values greater than 1.0 in the tumors. These tumors were located near the diaphragm, where the displacements are relatively large.. RV functions calculated in the tumor were better correlated with treatment outcomes than those calculated in the lung. Conclusion: The ventilation and elasticity-related RV functions in the lung and tumor regions were calculated from 4DCT image and the resultant values showed differences between the LC and LF patients. Further investigation of the impact of the displacements on the computed RV is warranted. Results suggest that the RV images might be useful for evaluation of treatment outcome for lung cancer patients.
Aggregation of hemoglobin S and hemoglobin CHarlem with nonsickle hemoglobin in concentrated phosphate buffer

The effect of HbA and HbF on both the aggregation and deaggregation of deoxy HbS and deoxy HbCHarlem in concentrated phosphate buffers was studied by a turbidimetric method. Although pure deoxy HbA is fully soluble in 2.4 M potassium phosphate buffer, the same concentration of deoxy HbAS was insoluble in the same buffer. Since there was little dissolved hemoglobin in the solute of a mixture of HbA and HbS, and since the intensity of turbidity was approximately twice that which would be expected from deoxy HbS alone, deoxy HbA must have coaggregated with deoxy HbS. Similar studies with mixtures of HbS and HbF showed different results. The rates of aggregation of deoxygenated mixtures of HbS and HbF were much slower than those of similar mixtures of HbS and HbA. Measurements of the absorption spectrum of the solute after centrifugation and the electrophoresis of both the aggregates and the solutes showed that a portion of the HbF was coaggregated with HbS, while some of the HbS was still in solution. The solubility of HbS and mixtures of sickle and nonsickle hemoglobins in 2.2 M phosphate buffer increased in the order of HbS, HbACHarlem, HbAS, HbCHarlem, HbSF, and HbFCHarlem.
Spectroscopic and Photochemical Characterization of Flavoproteins and Carotenoproteins as Blue Light Photoreceptors

One of the most fundamental processes in nature involves interactions between organisms and light ranging in wavelength from 260 nm to 900 nm. Photosensory transductions in many organisms exemplify such interactions in terms of direct utilization of light energy into biological responses. In particular, blue light is widely perceived by a number of organisms in their photosensory behaviors (e.g., phototaxis and phototro-pism). The aim of the present paper is to elucidate the excited states of blue light photoreceptors (mainly flavoproteins and carotenoproteins) in terms of their spectroscopy and photoreactivity. Thus, this paper represents an up-dated version of our previous work (Song et al. 1972). We also suggest various molecular mechanisms possible with these photoreceptors on the basis of spectroscopic and photochemical properties of their electronic excited states. To do so, we start by reviewing some of the molecular relaxation processes of photoreceptors which may be coupled to the primary trigger system of photosensory responses of organisms toward blue light.
Market Information Sources Available Through the Internet: Daily to Yearly Market and Outlook Reports, Prices, Commodities and Quotes

The WWW, along with email, are simple forms of information technology which have become easily accessible through the Internet. They offer great sources of up-to-date information and data-sets of all kinds. They allow you to get in contact, communicate and exchange information in electronic form. Of particular interest are the increasing number of web sites which pertain to agriculture and notably to markets. You may find quotes on futures within 10 minutes of their actual calls, and you may also find outlook reports on specific commodities for the years to come. This paper serves as a guide to these different sources on market information presently available on the Internet1. These sources may be daily, weekly, monthly or yearly reports, outlook reports, commodity reports or quotes from different exchanges. These reports may also be set up so that you may receive them directly into your email. Also, you may choose to take part in discussion groups. Other web sites are of great value and offer hundreds of links to related sites. A few of these sites are presented in this paper.
Expressions and Bounds for the GMRES Residual

Expressions and bounds are derived for the residual norm in GMRES. It is shown that the minimal residual norm is large as long as the Krylov basis is well-conditioned. For scaled Jordan blocks the minimal residual norm is expressed in terms of eigenvalues and departure from normality. For normal matrices the minimal residual norm is expressed in terms of products of relative eigenvalue differences.
Infrared detector Dewars: increased LN 2 hold time and vacuum jacket life spans

IR detector Dewars commonly suffer from shorter than desired LN2 hold times and insulation jacket vacuum corruption over relatively short time periods. In an attempt to solve this problem for a 9144 detector Dewar, small 1 liter/s appendage ion pumps were selected for continuous pumping of the vacuum jackets. This procedure extended LN2 hold times from 20 to 60 h and virtually eliminated vacuum jacket corruption. Thus the detector systems are usable continuously over periods of 6 months or more.
Evidence for two cell division cycle (CDC) genes that govern yeast bud emergence in the pathogenic fungus Wangiella dermatitidis.

Strains Mc2 and Mc3 are morphological mutants of the melanized, pathogenic fungus Wangiella dermatitidis. These strains possess temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations designated mcm2 and mcm3, respectively. At the restrictive temperature (37 degrees C), uninucleate yeast cells of strains Mc2 and Mc3 cease budding and initiate an isotropic mode of cellular development, which is reflected in the formation of a multicellular and multinucleate morphology. Because W. dermatitidis either lacks or has an undiscovered sexual cycle, parasexual methods of analysis were used to confirm that mcm2 and mcm3 define separate bud emergence control genes in the wild-type strain. Spheroplasts of albino auxotrophs derived from strains Mc2 and Mc3 were fused and then regenerated on minimal medium. The resulting fusion products grew as darkly pigmented, prototrophic colonies. When incubated at 37 degrees C, all fusion products exhibited polarized growth predominantly as uninucleate, budding yeasts and less frequently as pseudohyphae and moniliform hyphae. Subsequent analysis of cultures derived from albino, ts segregants, which were induced from fusion products by using methyl benzimidazole-2-yl-carbamate, revealed three types of cell populations. Two resembled those expressed by strain Mc2 or Mc3. The third consisted of a cell population unlike the former, suggesting the presence of both ts mutations in all cells. These results imply that yeast development in the fusion products resulted from intergenic complementation of mcm2 and mcm3, i.e., they are nonallelic. Because mcm2 and mcm3 are equivalent to certain cdc lesions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we have renamed the analogous genes defined by the mutations in W. dermatitidis as CDC1 and CDC2. To our knowledge, these are the first CDC genes identified in a dematiaceous fungus.
X-Inefficiency in the Private Banking Sector of Argentina: Its Importance with Respect to Economies of Scale and Economies of Joint-Production

The costs of the private banking sector of Argentina are analyzed within the framework of efficiency: X-efficiency, economies of scale and economies of joint-production or scope. The estimations of X-inefficiency, according to the application of the Thick Frontier Approach, indicate a level of 71% for the period January 1992 - June 1993, and 57% for the period July 1993 - December 1994. In general, the scale elasticities indicate the existence of increasing returns in the industry, though their magnitude is smaller than the estimated X-inefficiency. While slight economies of scope are found, there are almost no specific joint-production economies.
Tensor product b-spline mesh generation for accurate surface visualizations in the NIST digital library of mathematical functions

We discuss the use of tensor product B-spline meshes to design accurate three dimensional graphs of high level mathematical functions for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Digital Library of Mathematical Functions. The graph data is placed inside a web based format such as VRML (Virtual Reality Modeling Language) or X3D (Extensible 3D) to create an interactive visualization environment where users can carefully examine complicated function attributes such as zeros, branch cuts, poles and other singularities. We describe the grid generation technique and its effectiveness for creating clear and informative visualizations.
Intermediate Filament Cytoskeletal System: Dynamic and Mechanical Properties

Intermediate filaments (IF) are major cytoskeletal constituents of animal cells. For many years they were thought to be the most stable of all of the different cytoskeletal systems. Recently, however, IF have been shown to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium in growing cells. In fibroblasts and epithelial cells, this has been demonstrated in vivo by the finding that microinjected, soluble vimentin and keratin subunits are incorporated into endogenous IF (Vikstrom et al., 1989; Miller et al., 1991). Other experiments involving fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) have demonstrated the existence of a steady-state equilibrium between polymerized IF and their subunits in vivo (Vikstrom et al., 1992). Furthermore, the exchange between IF subunits and their polymers appears to be regulated by phosphorylation catalyzed by different kinases and dephosphorylation catalyzed by phosphatases (Eriksson et al., 1992). Recently, we have exploited this equilibrium state in vivo through the use of mimetic peptides that are known to both drive vimentin IF disassembly and to inhibit subunit polymerization into IF at 1:1 molar ratios in vitro. The sequence of these peptides is derived from the helix 1A initiation domain of the central rod region of either keratin or vimentin. The same 1A peptide carrying a single point mutation has no obvious effect on vimentin IF assembly in vitro up to a 10-fold molar excess. We have also shown that there are no detectable effects of the wild-type pep-
Preparation and properties of the methylammonium cyanides

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of the methylammonium cyanides are reported. The relative basicities of amines, as shown by a study of the heats of their reactions with hydrogen cyanide, confirms the order NH 3 3 NH 2 3 ) 2 NH 3 ) 3 N as previously reported for the gas phase with a protic acid.
The role of race in diagnostic and disposition decision making in a pediatric psychiatric emergency service

Abstract Objective We investigated the influence of race/ethnicity in diagnostic and disposition decision-making for children and adolescents presenting to an urban psychiatric emergency service (PES). Method Medical records were reviewed for 2991 child and adolescent African-American, Hispanic/Latino and white patients, treated in an urban PES between October 2001 and September 2002. A series of bivariate and binomial logistic regression analyses were used to delineate the role of race in the patterns and correlates of psychiatric diagnostic and treatment disposition decisions. Results Binomial logistic regression analyses reveal that African-American (OR=2.28, P P P P P P P P Conclusions The results highlight that nonclinical factors such as race/ethnicity are associated with clinical diagnostic decisions as early as childhood suggesting the pervasiveness of such disparities.
A framework for artificial intelligence applications software development

Abstract Despite the promise and prominence of artificial intelligence, successful widely-based applications have been rare. Much of previous artificial intelligence work has concentrated on the demonstration of techniques rather than the development of tools that can be used in systems design, analysis and operation. A systematic program of knowledge compilation in artificial intelligence is proposed where extensible function libraries can be used by professionals in various fields and non-programming specialists in developing artificial intelligence applications.
Sodium Chloride Effects on Dedifferentiation and Protein Synthesis in Root Meristem Cultures of two Contrasting Barley Genotypes

Summary Salinity responses in root meristems that were primarily undergoing cell proliferation were evaluated in a salt-tolerant (CM72) and a salt-sensitive (Prato) genotype of barley. Sodium chloride treatment inhibited callus growth in both genotypes. Callus induction occurred up to 1.5 % NaCl in both genotypes although a slight response was also evident at 2 % NaCl in Prato. While salinity treatment led to no major differences in callus growth, it elicited distinct changes in protein synthesis between the two genotypes. Sodium chloride treatment inhibited protein synthesis in CM72 and Prato. Upon withdrawal of NaCl, protein synthesis resumed in Prato but not in CM72. Overall, six newly-synthesized proteins (97 kD, 65 kD, 31.8 kD, 29.5 kD, 29 kD, and 26.7 kD) indicated specific changes during salinity treatment. Apparently, three of these proteins (97kD, 31.8 kD, and 26.7kD) were induced de novo, of which all three were detected in Prato and only the former two in CM72. Both genotypes displayed unique regulatory differences in the expression of each of the six proteins during salinity stress and recovery.
Emotional impact of a task and its setting on work performance of screeners and nonscreeners.

This study explored desire to work at a task in a situation as a function of situational pleasantness, situational arousing quality, task pleasantness, and task arousing quality. The hypotheses which were based on a general theory of environmental psychology accounted for a major portion of the results. These showed that (1) the pleasantness of a task and/or situation is a direct correlate of desire to work, (2) the arousing quality of any situation-task combination is inversely related to the desire to work, and (3) desire to work is not affected by the arousing quality of a situation-task combination when that combination is pleasant, and decreases with arousing quality of a situation-task combination when that combination is either neutral (in terms of pleasantness) or unpleasant. An individual difference measure of stimulus screening was employed to assess characteristic differences in automatic screening of irrelevant stimuli and rapid habituation to distracting stimuli. Nonscreeners who are generally more arousable reported a lower desire to work than screeners. Further, as predicted, nonscreeners, compared with screeners, reported a greater desire to work at pleasant situation-task combinations. However, compared with screeners, they reported less desire to work at neutral (in terms of pleasantness) or unpleasant tasks.