cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acrasin, acrasinase, and the sensitivity to acrasin in Dictyostelium discoideum☆☆☆

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the role in normal development of an acrasin (cyclic-AMP) and of an acrasinase (phophodiesterase) and the sensitivity to acrasin in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. Phosphodiesterase is secreted throughout the vegetative, aggregation, and migration stages. It is unclear whether or not cyclic-AMP is produced by vegetative amoebae, but there is a 100-fold increase between the beginning of aggregation and late aggregation, falling to a lower level during migration. The sensitivity to cyclic-AMP also increases 100-fold during aggregation, therefore the chemotactic system is at least 104 times more effective during aggregation than during the vegetative stage. Artificial patterns of amoebae may be produced by making an uneven distribution of cyclic-AMP in the agar with an even distribution of amoebae, or the reverse. The results of these experiments show: (1) the importance of phosphodiesterase in making steep gradients (and providing the basis of various acrasin assays), (2) the role of steep gradients of cyclic-AMP in producing cell adhesiveness, and possibly inhibiting centers; (3) the center-inducing capacity of a high concentration of externally applied cyclic-AMP. It is postulated that prior to normal aggregation, the distribution of chemicals affecting aggregation is homogeneous, and that this equilibrium is upset by sudden excessive sensitivity to cyclic-AMP and its production by certain cells, and the prevention of neighboring cells from having such an increase. The result, by chemotaxis, is an uneven distribution of cells which ultimately reach a new steady state in which they are massed together in groups spaced nonrandomly over the surface of the substratum.
Structural interventions for HIV prevention in the United States.

BACKGROUND Structural interventions change the environment in which people act to influence their health behaviors. Most structural interventions research for HIV infection has focused on developing countries, with the United States receiving substantially less attention. This article identifies some social determinants of HIV vulnerability in the United States and structural interventions to address them. METHODS Review of the medical, public health, and social science literature. RESULTS Evidence supports widespread implementation of a number of structural interventions in the United States clearly proximate to HIV, including comprehensive sex education, universal condom availability, expanded syringe access for drug users, health care coverage, and stable housing. Sociological plausibility supports evaluation and implementation of other interventions that target social determinants more distal but of relevance to HIV, such as initiatives to eliminate racial and ethnic disparities in criminal sentencing, to promote early childhood education and to decrease poverty. CONCLUSIONS Structural interventions that address social determinants of HIV infection may be among the most cost effective methods of preventing HIV infection in the United States over the long term.
A magneto-kinetic study of the reaction between ferrimyoglobin and methyl hydrogen peroxide

Abstract 1. 1. The reaction between ferrimyoglobin and methyl hydrogen peroxide has been studied with a new instrument for measuring rapid changes in the magnetic susceptibility of dilute aqueous solutions of proteins. 2. 2. A comparison of the magnetically and spectrophotometrically obtained rate data shows differences, increasing toward lower temperatures, which can be explained in part by the production of free radicals. 3. 3. The molar susceptibility at 20° C of the myoglobin compound formed is 3300·10 −6 emu with a standard error of 500·10 −6 emu.
Epr of substitutional group V implants in sillcon

Abstract Group V impurities implanted at 400 keV into silicon have been detected in substitutional lattice positions by EPR. Three samples of VFZ, p-type 1200–1500 ohm-cm silicon from the same ingot were implanted with As75, Sb121, and Sb123, respectively. The EPR spectrum of each implanted substitutional impurity was observed after annealing the lattice damage. Only the isotope implanted in each sample was seen. Since only those donors which are electrically active can be observed, this technique measures the electrically active fraction of the implanted species. Upon annealing to 970°C, most of the antimony was active whereas only about 1/5 of the arsenic was observed. Comparisons with backscattering results indicate that between 350 and 600°C, ∼95 per cent of the implanted antimony is substitutional but ∼0 per cent is electrically active. The increase in electrical activity at 600°C is due to the rise of the Fermi level to the donor level as the residual lattice damage anneals. The paramagnetic damage ...
Electrical spin injection from an n-type ferromagnetic semiconductor into a III–V device heterostructure

The use of carrier spin in semiconductors is a promising route towards new device functionality and performance. Ferromagnetic semiconductors (FMSs) are promising materials in this effort. An n-type FMS that can be epitaxially grown on a common device substrate is especially attractive. Here, we report electrical injection of spin-polarized electrons from an n-type FMS, CdCr2Se4, into an AlGaAs/GaAs-based light-emitting diode structure. An analysis of the electroluminescence polarization based on quantum selection rules provides a direct measure of the sign and magnitude of the injected electron spin polarization. The sign reflects minority rather than majority spin injection, consistent with our density-functional-theory calculations of the CdCr2Se4 conduction-band edge. This approach confirms the exchange-split band structure and spin-polarized carrier population of an FMS, and demonstrates a litmus test for these FMS hallmarks that discriminates against spurious contributions from magnetic precipitates.
Ionic and vibrational properties of an ultra-low ionization potential molecule: Tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene

Abstract Threshold ionization spectra of nozzle-jet cooled tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDAE) were measured with high-resolution electron and laser ionization techniques, and Raman spectra of the molecule at room temperature and under liquid nitrogen were recorded with laser excitation. The TDAE ion signal shows a gradual increase at the onset of ionization, and the upper bounds of the adiabatic ionization potential (IP) measured from the electron ionization and laser ionization are 5.3 ± 0.2 and 5.20 ± 0.05 eV, respectively. In combination with the experimental measurements, density functional theory calculations were used to predict the adiabatic and vertical IPs and vibrational frequencies. The predicted adiabatic IP (5.2 eV) and C C stretching frequency (1622 cm−1) are in excellent agreement with the measured values. The adiabatic IP is about 0.6 eV lower than the vertical IP (5.8 eV). The large difference between the adiabatic and vertical IPs arise from the significant geometry change upon ionization and is consistent with the experimental observation of the slowly rising ion signal at the ionization onset of the molecule in both the electron ionization and photoionization experiments. Raman spectroscopy of TDAE at room temperature and at liquid nitrogen (Raman under nitrogen, RUN) is reported in an attempt at examining higher energy conformers.
Dependence of supercooled liquid dynamics on elevation in the energy landscape

Quenches of the Lennard-Jones unit density, $N=256$ supercooled liquid are analyzed to show that the activation energy for diffusion, ${E}_{a},$ increases as the energy of the associated local minimum on the potential energy landscape, ${U}_{m},$ decreases. Super-Arrhenius T dependence of the self-diffusion constant D, characteristic of fragile liquids, is thus a consequence of the descent of the system, with decreasing T, from a plateau of ${U}_{m}$ values at the top of the landscape. Departure from the top occurs at a random temperature ${T}_{s}$ but introduction of ${E}_{a}{(U}_{m})$ allows a systematic analysis of $D(T).$ A single quench exhibits several features of the experimental glass transition. Fast cooling in prior work has isolated the supercooled ``top'' state only. The difference between strong and fragile liquids, and the fate of the quenches, is discussed in terms of the landscape and its N dependence.
Jigsaw to save vastopolis

This article describes our analytic process and experience of using the Jigsaw system in working on the VAST 2011 Mini Challenge 3. We describe how we extracted and worked with entities from the documents, and how Jigsaw's computational analysis capabilities and visualizations scaffolded the investigation. Based on our experiences, we discuss desirable features that would enhance the analytic power of Jigsaw.
Abstract LB-1: PKR promotes genetic instability and evolution of MDS to acute leukemia in mice by negatively regulating DDR and DNA repair in a novel mechanism

The interferon-inducible, dsRNA-dependent protein kinase, PKR, is reported to be involved in diverse cytoplasmic functions. However, PKR has recently been reported to be expressed in the nucleus of high-risk MDS and leukemia patients but its nuclear function is not known. We confirm that increased nuclear activated PKR does occur in AML cell lines compared to normal MEF and bone marrow stem/progenitor cells. Increased nuclear PKR is associated with impaired DNA damage response (DDR) and double strand break (DSB) repair following ionizing irradiation (IR). Knock-down and pharmacological inhibition of PKR reveals that activated nuclear PKR may function to suppress the γ-H2AX response characteristic of DDR following IR. Mechanistically, we find that nuclear PKR binds and co-immunoprecipitates with ATM in a mechanism that inhibits ATM phosphorylation. This leads to inefficient initiation of DDR (as measured by retarded γ-H2AX response) as well as inhibition of interaction between ATM, γ-H2AX, and MRN as part of the DDR complex. As a result, activated nuclear PKR retards DDR and leads to insufficient DSB repair as detected by prolonged Olive Tail Moment in a neutral Comet assay. However, since DNA repair can be restored by inhibiting PKR (by either knock-down or treatment with a PKR inhibitor), this supports a negative regulatory role for PKR in DDR and DSB repair Additional studies further demonstrate that PKR may block DDR by inhibiting ATM activity indirectly by binding with and activating PP2A, a known ATM protein phosphatase. Furthermore, in support of PKR inhibiting DSB repair, in vivo studies reveal that age-related or IR-induced genetic instability is more prevalent in PKR Tg vs WT mice and markedly lower in PKR knock-out mice as measured by the loss of GPI-linked CD24 on reticulocytes (a measure of increased somatic mutation rates due to loss of X-linked GPI activity). Interestingly, an increased somatic mutation rate and a more rapid evolution from MDS to acute leukemia is observed for double transgenic TgPKR/NHD13 vs Wt/NHD13 mice, which is significantly higher than evolution observed in PKRnull/NHD13 mice. Collectively, these data identify a novel function for PKR in suppressing DDR and DSB repair, which may enhance genetic instability and play a fundamental role in the evolution of MDS to acute leukemia. Citation Format: Xiaodong Cheng, Michael Byrne, Richard Lynn Bennett, Stratford William May. PKR promotes genetic instability and evolution of MDS to acute leukemia in mice by negatively regulating DDR and DNA repair in a novel mechanism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-1. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-1
Influence of Geometric Features on the Performance of Pressure-Swirl Atomizers

The spray characteristics of several different simplex pressure-swirl nozzles are examined using water as the working fluid. Measurements of mean drop size, drop-size distribution, effective spray cone angle, and circumferential liquid distribution are carried out over wide ranges of injection pressure. Eight different nozzles are employed in order to achieve a wide variation in the length/diameter ratio of the final discharge orifice. Generally, it is found that an increase in discharge orifice length/diameter ratio, l(o)/d(o), increases the mean drop size in the spray and reduces the spray cone angle. The circumferential liquid distribution is most uniform when l(o)/d(o) = 2. If l(o)/d(o) is raised above or lowered below this optimum value, the circumferential uniformity of the liquid distribution is impaired. The observed effects of l(o)/d(o) on spray characteristics are generally the same regardless of whether the change in l(o)/d(o) is accomplished by varying l(o) or d(o).
Experimental verification of dosimetry predictions of bremsstrahlung attenuation as a function of material and electron energy

Dose attenuation with depth in an absorber of on-axis bremsstrahlung generated from an electron target is measured. It is shown to agree within +or-9% with Monte Carlo predictions as a function of absorber material (Al, Fe, Pb) and incident electron-beam energy (5.5-25.1 MeV). For this on-axis bremsstrahlung, 1 to 5 g/cm/sup 2/ of upstream and 0.2 to 1 g/cm/sup 2/ of downstream Al buffer are sufficient to provide electron equilibration for CaF/sub 2/:Mn thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) over the measured energy range of 5.5 to 25.1 MeV. Once effective equilibration has been established, an expression is given that can be used to predict the dose-area product per absorbed beam charge at a given incident beam energy in TLDs as a function of depth in absorbers, within a fixed solid angle centered about the beam axis. This expression is quantified for the measurements presented here. >
Lost and Now Found: Retained Straight Catheter for 20 Years

A literature review of PubMed reveals that 1 case report is found of a retained Foley catheter for 3 years. We report a case of a straight catheter lost in the urethra and forgotten for 20 years and its safe surgical removal. The calcified straight catheter was removed through a perineal urethrostomy and incision at the meatus and fossa navicularis. A Foley catheter was inserted easily into the urethra for drainage. At last follow-up, 7 weeks after surgery, the patient was voiding successfully without any difficulties.
A real-time safety and quality reporting system: assessment of clinical data and staff participation.

Purpose To report on the use of an incident learning system in a radiation oncology clinic, along with a review of staff participation. Methods and Materials On September 24, 2010, our department initiated an online real-time voluntary reporting system for safety issues, called the Radiation Oncology Quality Reporting System (ROQRS). We reviewed these reports from the program's inception through January 18, 2013 (2 years, 3 months, 25 days) to assess error reports (defined as both near-misses and incidents of inaccurate treatment). Results During the study interval, there were 60,168 fractions of external beam radiation therapy and 955 brachytherapy procedures. There were 298 entries in the ROQRS system, among which 108 errors were reported. There were 31 patients with near-misses reported and 27 patients with incidents of inaccurate treatment reported. These incidents of inaccurate treatment occurred in 68 total treatment fractions (0.11% of treatments delivered during the study interval). None of these incidents of inaccurate treatment resulted in deviation from the prescription by 5% or more. A solution to the errors was documented in ROQRS in 65% of the cases. Errors occurred as repeated errors in 22% of the cases. A disproportionate number of the incidents of inaccurate treatment were due to improper patient setup at the linear accelerator ( P Conclusions Incident learning systems are a useful and practical means of improving safety and quality in patient care.
Salivary gland organogenesis

Our understanding of vertebrate salivary gland organogenesis has been largely informed by the study of the developing mouse submandibular gland (SMG), which will be the major focus of this review. The mouse SMG has been historically used as a model system to study epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, growth factor-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, and branching morphogenesis. SMG organogenesis involves interactions between a variety of cell types and their stem/progenitor cells, including the epithelial, neuronal, and mesenchymal cells, and their ECM microenvironment, or niche. Here, we will review recent literature that provides conceptual advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of salivary gland development. We will describe SMG organogenesis, introduce the model systems used to study development, and outline the key signaling pathways and cellular processes involved. We will also review recent research focusing on the identification of stem/progenitor cells in the SMG and how they are directed along a series of cell fate decisions to form a functional gland. The mechanisms that drive SMG organogenesis provide a template to regenerate functional salivary glands in patients who suffer from salivary hypofunction due to irreversible glandular damage after irradiation or removal of tumors. Additionally, these mechanisms may also control growth and development of other organ systems.
Approximation Algorithms for the Max-Min Allocation Problem

The Max-Min allocation problem is to distribute indivisible goods to people so as to maximize the minimum utility of the people. We show a (2ki¾? 1)-approximation algorithm for Max-Min when there are kpeople with subadditive utility functions. We also give a k/i¾?-approximation algorithm (for i¾?≤ k/2) if the utility functions are additive and the utility of an item for a person is restricted to 0, 1 or Ufor some U> 1. The running time of this algorithm depends exponentially on the parameter i¾?. Both the algorithms are combinatorial, simple and easy to analyze.
Preterm Birth A Novel Risk Factor for Higher Blood Pressure in Later Life

See related article, pp 226–234 There is compelling epidemiological and experimental data that suggest that blood pressure in later life can be programmed by adverse influences during fetal life.1 Evidence for the theory of developmental programming of adult health and disease was first based on the geographical association of deaths from heart disease to death rates among newborn infants. This observation led to the hypothesis that undernutrition during fetal life permanently alters the physiology, structure, and metabolism of an individual leading to heart disease in later life.2 Poor fetal growth, the link to infant mortality, was also associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), a known risk factor for heart disease; however, this association was independent of gestational age.3 In this issue of Hypertension , de Jong et al4 present their findings from a thorough and systematic review of the literature followed by a meta-analysis to determine whether preterm birth predicts a higher SBP in later life. Their results indicate that individuals born preterm have a higher SBP in later life than infants born at term (2.5 mm Hg).4 Although this difference in SBP is small, it is similar to the increase observed in studies linking birth weight and SBP,5 indicating that preterm birth, not unlike poor fetal growth with birth at term, may also …
Technical Note: Higher-order statistical moments and a procedure that detects potentially anomalous years as two alternative methods describing alterations in continuous environmental data

Statistics of central tendency and dispersion may not capture relevant or desired characteristics of the distri- bution of continuous phenomena and, thus, they may not adequately describe temporal patterns of change. Here, we present two methodological approaches that can help to iden- tify temporal changes in environmental regimes. First, we use higher-order statistical moments (skewness and kurto- sis) to examine potential changes of empirical distributions at decadal extents. Second, we adapt a statistical procedure combining a non-metric multidimensional scaling technique and higher density region plots to detect potentially anoma- lous years. We illustrate the use of these approaches by ex- amining long-term stream temperature data from minimally and highly human-influenced streams. In particular, we con- trast predictions about thermal regime responses to changing climates and human-related water uses. Using these methods, we effectively diagnose years with unusual thermal variabil- ity and patterns in variability through time, as well as spatial variability linked to regional and local factors that influence stream temperature. Our findings highlight the complexity of responses of thermal regimes of streams and reveal their dif- ferential vulnerability to climate warming and human-related water uses. The two approaches presented here can be ap- plied with a variety of other continuous phenomena to ad- dress historical changes, extreme events, and their associated ecological responses.
THE RELATION OF THE BASOPHILIC CELLS OF THE HUMAN HYPOPHYSIS TO BLOOD PRESSURE1

Attempts have been made in recent years to show some relationship between the basophilic cells of the human hypophysis and various normal and abnormal conditions. Kraus and Taube (1), in particular, have made a long list of such relations. Of these, degranulation and diminution in the number of basophils in Addison’s disease, noted by Kraus (2) have been corroborated by actual cell count by Crooke and Russell (3) and by Hawking (4). Vacuolation of these cells following castration is well known. Biggart (5) reports a tendency in the same direction in post-climacterics. An increased tendency towards basophilic invasion of the nervous lobe with age has generally been recognized. Of the remaining relations, an increase in the basophilic cells in persistently high blood pressure stands out most conspicuously in the recent literature. Cushing (6) has emphasized particularly, in this connection, the infiltration of basophilic cells into the nervous lobe. Such invasion, he suggests, may represent hyperactivation ...
Parallel algorithms for interactive manipulation of digital terrain models

Algorithms are presented for data movement on the massively parallel processor (MPP) in support of pan and zoom functions over large data grids extending earlier work that demonstrated real-time performance of graphics functions on grids that were equal in size to the physical dimensions of the MPP. When the dimensions of a data grid exceed the processing array size, data are packed in the array memory. Windows of the total data grid are interactively selected for processing. Movement of packed data is needed to distribute items across the array for efficient parallel processing. Execution time for data movement is found to exceed that for arithmetic aspects of graphics functions. Performance figures are given for routines written in MPP Pascal. >
Modeling microwave circuits: linear, nonlinear and system simulation

Summary form only given. The author discussed aspects of simulating practical microwave circuits with real-world constraints, such as modeling errors, process variations, layout effects, and circuit size. Simulation examples which integrate linear and nonlinear problems as well as system simulation requirements were considered. Typical circuit topologies examined were multistage monolithic power amplifiers, passive balun structures, and digital FM receivers. The application of time-domain versus frequency-domain simulation techniques was also studied. In addition, the use of EM simulators to evaluate critical circuit aspects was included. >
Sex Pheromone of the Noctuid Moth, Tyta luctuosa (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a Candidate Biological Control Agent of Field Bindweed

Abstract Laboratory studies were conducted to identify the sex pheromone of Tyta luctuosa (Denis and Schiffermuller), a Eurasian noctuid moth that has been imported and released to aid in control of field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis L. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, together with electroantennogram and windtunnel bioassays of male moths, two compounds, (Z)-9-tetradecenal and (Z)-11-hexadecenal, were identified as the major pheromone components. Whole-gland extracts contained these components, as well as two other major compounds, (Z)-9-tetradecanol and (Z)-11-hexadecanol. However, the two alcohols were not detected in airborne emissions of calling females. Ratios of Z9–14:ALD to Z11–16:ALD were markedly different for whole-gland extracts and airborne emissions (1:3 and 2:1, respectively). Also, although the total amount of the two compounds varied nearly eight-fold among individuals (22–167 ng, mean 75 ± 56 ng [SD]) in gland extracts, the Z9–14:ALD/Z11–16:ALD ratio was relatively constant ...
Target of rapamycin signaling mediates vacuolar fission caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The yeast vacuole is equivalent to the mammalian lysosome and, in response to diverse physiological and environmental stimuli, undergoes alterations both in size and number. Here we demonstrate that vacuoles fragment in response to stress within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) caused by chemical or genetic perturbations. We establish that this response does not involve known signaling pathways linked previously to ER stress but instead requires the rapamycin-sensitive TOR Complex 1 (TORC1), a master regulator of cell growth, together with its downstream effectors, Tap42/Sit4 and Sch9. To identify additional factors required for ER stress-induced vacuolar fragmentation, we conducted a high-throughput, genome-wide visual screen for yeast mutants that are refractory to ER stress-induced changes in vacuolar morphology. We identified several genes shown previously to be required for vacuolar fusion and/or fission, validating the utility of this approach. We also identified a number of new components important for fragmentation, including a set of proteins involved in assembly of the V-ATPase. Remarkably, we find that one of these, Vph2, undergoes a change in intracellular localization in response to ER stress and, moreover, in a manner that requires TORC1 activity. Together these results reveal a new role for TORC1 in the regulation of vacuolar behavior.
Abstract 165: Is Sooner Better When It Comes To Carotid Artery Stenting In Patients With Transient Ischemic Attach (tia) Or Minor Stroke: Prospective Observational Study

Background: Patients with symptomatic carotid artery stenosis presenting with TIA or minor stroke have a risk of recurrent devastating stroke of 21% within 2weeks and 32% within 12 weeks. Efficacy of early endarterectomy (CEA) has already been proven. However, data on ideal timing of Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS) is still lacking. Methods: A prospective observational cohort of elective endovascular procedures at our hospital was queried for consecutive cases of internal carotid artery stenting for minor symptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis inclusive of the years 2009-2011. A total of 438 patients were studied with the primary outcome measured as a combined incidence of major perioperative complications (stroke, Myocardial Infarction MI or death) at 90 days from procedure time, was compared between patients based on timing of procedure relative to onset of symptoms. Patients were stratified into four treatment groups: those treated urgently (0-2 days), early (3-7 days), routinely (8-14 days), or late (15-90 days). Incidence of the primary outcome was compared between groups using the Fisher’s exact test (SAS software, Cary NC). Results: Stent implantation was successful in all cases (100%). Combined incidence of major perioperative complications of stroke, MI or death at 90 days was 7% in the urgently treated group 0-2 days (10 out of 143), 11% in the early treated group 3-7 days (10 out of 110), 3% in the routinely treated group 8-14 days (3 out of 100) and 7% in the late treatment group 15-90 days (6 out of 85). Mortality was only reported in the urgently treated group and it was as high as 3% (5 out of 143). Conclusion: Little data is available regarding urgent carotid stenting post minor stroke or TIA. Out data suggest that the safest period to perform carotid artery stenting in symptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis is between 8-14 days with a rate of all combined major perioperative complications as low as 3%. Randomized and double-blinded trial is warranted to study this further.
Perceptions of Nurses Caring for Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Patients Requiring Intensive Care Level Support

s / Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 22 (2016) S19eS481 S113 and associated learnings were leveraged. Initial metrics included: serious safety events/10,000 patient visits, central line associated blood stream infections/1000 catheter days, volume related peripheral IV extravasations/1000 line days, medical response team preventable codes, serious falls/ 10,000 visits, adverse drug events, and hand-washing compliance. Time to first antibiotic, chemotherapy errors/ 1000 chemotherapy doses and patient flu vaccine compliance were subsequently included in order to address the population’s unique needs. With the assistance of the medical center’s quality improvement department, real time data is generated allowing for continuous process integrity monitoring. Consequently, failures are rapidly detected promoting immediate investigation and mitigation. When process reliability declines and corrective action is deemed necessary, the medical center’s process improvement platform is utilized. Failure causes are determined by themulti-disciplinary team. These learnings assist in developing focused tests of change. Ultimately, impactful interventions are developed which restore patient care reliability and enhance safety. Findings & Interpretation: The center is now 4,000+ days Serious Safety Event Free. Despite little published on the subject, it is clear that ongoing patient safety monitoring in this environment is essential. Discussion & Implications: The SCT-Hem/Onc ambulatory setting is a complex, high acuity and high volume patient care venue. A safety dashboard provides a continuous safety surveillance and failure mitigation process. The improvement platform and accompanying methods are easily replicable and can serve as a foundation for similar centers interested in monitoring safety.
Calculated Log D Is Inversely Correlated With Select Camptothecin Clearance and Efficacy in Colon Cancer Xenografts

Quantitative structure-property relationships are often derived to identify molecular determinants of drug potency and facilitate drug design. However, compound activity is typically based on in vitro bioassays, and the influence of physicochemical properties on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) behavior is not considered. Here, we integrate PK/PD and quantitative structure-property relationship modeling to evaluate the role of lipophilicity in camptothecin antitumor responses in colon cancer xenografts. Drug exposure and tumor growth profiles for 5 camptothecins were extracted from the literature. A PK/PD model with time-dependent transduction was developed, which characterized PK and tumor growth inhibition. Correlations between drug lipophilicity (log D), in vitro potency (IC50), and in vivo efficacy and systemic clearance parameters were tested. Models were qualified using leave-one-out cross-validation. Efficacy and clearance of analogs decreased linearly with increasing log D values; efficacy exhibiting a steeper decline relative to clearance. Cross-validated R(2) for predicting in vivo efficacy was 0.55 and 0.18 using log D and in vitro IC50 as the descriptors. Lipophilicity may represent a better predictor of in vivo efficacy than in vitro IC50 measurements for camptothecins. The identified relationships between efficacy, clearance, and lipohilicity may help guide development of new camptothecin analogs and delivery systems with improved pharmacologic profiles.
Direct Observation of 4f Intrashell Excitation in Luminescent Eu Complexes by Time-Resolved X-ray Absorption Near Edge Spectroscopy

We report time-resolved X-ray absorption near edge structure (TR-XANES) measurements at the Eu L3 edge upon photoexcitation of several EuIII-based luminescent lanthanide complexes. We find an unambiguous signature of the 4f intrashell excitation that occurs upon energy transfer from the photoactive organic antennas to the lanthanide species. Phenomenologically, this observation provides the basis for direct investigation of a crucial step in the energy transfer pathways that lead to sensitized luminescence in lanthanide-based dyes. Interestingly, the details of the TR-XANES feature suggest that the degree of 4f–5d hybridization may itself vary depending on the excited state of the EuIII ion.
A Preliminary Study of Anxiety, Negative Affect, Experiential Avoidance, and Delaying of Aversive Events

The current study examined the role of anxiety, negative affect, and trait experiential avoidance in choices between immediate and delayed aversive outcomes. Undergraduate students ( N = 34) completed self-report measures and a laboratory-based delay-discounting task in which they made choices between electric shocks delivered immediately versus shocks delivered after various time delays. The hypotheses that higher levels of anxiety, greater negative affectivity, and greater tendency to engage in experiential avoidance would predict choices of an objectively worse delayed aversive stimulus over an immediate (but less severe) aversive stimulus were supported. These findings may have implications for interventions that target behavioural and experiential avoidance in anxiety.
Legal Liability in the Cytopathology Laboratory

Cytodiagnosis involves a tiered system of screening, interpretation, and diagnosis. Cytotechnologists and cytopatbologists should be aware of the medical and legal consequences of their actions when performing their duties in the laboratory. This article describes actions for which cytopathology laboratory personnel may be held legally liable in a court of law. In addition, practical approaches to reducing the risk of liability are offered.
The philosopher behind the last logicist

In "Frege: The Last Logicist", Paul Benacerraf highlights two important features of Frege's work. One is the peculiarity, from a contemporary perspective, of Frege's enterprise, and the other is the influence of Frege's mathematical background on this enterprise. Benacerraf points out, quite rightly, that Frege is not a contemporary of ours and that any careful reader of Frege's Gl will see that Frege's concerns do not seem to be current philosophical concerns. The appropriate way to read Frege's works, Benacerraf argues, is to take into account their historical context. And, in his paper, Benacerraf tries to read Frege in this way. A part of the historical context, of course, is that Frege was trained as a mathematician, not a philosopher. Benacerraf leans heavily on this in his reading of Frege's work. He argues that Frege's motivation for writing Gl was primarily mathematical and that Frege viewed Gl as "only incidentally a philosophical work" (p. 33). Although this approach seems promising, Benacerraf's reading is surprisingly unsatisfying for, on it, Frege's work seems less deep and interesting than it is generally taken to be. I want to argue that Benacerrafs reading is not only unsatisfying but wrong. But although I think it wrong, I also think that Benacerraf's paper merits careful examination. For Benacerraf's reading seems to spring from an understanding of, and attempt to grapple with, certain fundamental tensions in Frege's view. Careful attention to those passages which seem to contradict the thrust of Benacerraf's reading will provide a key to understanding how Frege viewed his work and the sense in which some of Frege's writings can be viewed as responses to fundamental tensions in Gl. The upshot of Benacerraf's reading is that Frege's motivation is really very simple. Frege's project, Benacerraf says, is to prove the heretofore unproved (but provable) truths of arithmetic. And the motivation for undertaking this project is straightforwardly mathematical Frege is simply interested in giving some new proofs. But while it is entirely plausible that someone might have this motivation for undertaking the project just described, it is less plausible that
Zur Kreatininausscheidung beim Menschen nach Gabe von Co-Trimoxazol

Klinische Beobachtungen haben gezeigt, das Co-Trimoxazol (Trimethoprim — Sulfamethoxazol) zu einem Anstieg des Serum-Kreatinins fuhren kann. Daher wurden bei 27 nierengesunden Probanden vor und wahrend oraler und parenteraler Co-Trimoxazolgabe Clearanceuntersuchungen (endogene Kreatinin-und Inulinclearance) durchgefuhrt. Wahrend die Inulinclearance keine signifikanten Anderungen aufwies, war die endogene Kreatininclearance nach oraler Zufuhr von Co-Trimoxazol um 18% und wahrend parenteraler Gabe des Medikamentes um 13% herabgesetzt (p≦0,05). Diese Befunde sprechen fur eine funktionelle Hemmung der tubularen Kreatininsekretion durch Co-Trimoxazol.
Antiepileptic drug therapy in the United States : a review of clinical studies and unmet needs

The goal of epilepsy treatment is complete seizure control with minimal adverse drug reactions. Because no drug is entirely free of adverse effects, the clinician must aim for a balance between efficacy and tolerability. In approximately 40% of patients, however, monotherapy with conventional antiepileptic drugs either is not tolerated or does not provide optimal seizure control. Polypharmacy may be necessary in as many as 30% of patients. As clinicians look to new agents that may produce an overall improved quality of life, they must continue to balance efficacy and adverse effects in evaluating the usefulness of the new vs the established drugs.
ATP-inhibitable Cl- channel in apical membranes of cultured rabbit cortical collecting duct cells

Excised patches of apical membranes from immunodissected rabbit cortical collecting duct cells in primary culture were studied by the patch-clamp technique. Barium (1 mM) and tetraethylammonium chloride (5 mM) were added to all solutions to block potassium channel activity. A unique channel was observed that exhibited inward rectification under symmetrical ionic conditions with a measured chord conductance of 54.0 +/- 2.5 pS at -80 mV (n = 11) and 22.1 +/- 1.7 pS at +80 mV (n = 5). This channel was chloride selective, with a PNa:PCl of 0.16 (n = 3). Kinetic analysis revealed a voltage-independent open-time probability of 0.80 +/- 0.07 (n = 6). Open-time probability within bursts was 0.96 +/- 0.01. Addition of ATP to the cytosolic surface of the channel resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in open probability, with a threshold effect at 10(-4) M, due to a reduction in burst open time. The effect of ATP was immediate, rapidly reversible at room temperature, and mimicked by GTP, adenosine 59-O-(3-thiotriphosphate), and guanosine 59-O-(3-thiotriphosphate). This channel may link epithelial chloride permeability to cellular ATP content in the rabbit cortical collecting duct.
Compact conformai strongly coupled magnetic resonant devices for medical applications

In this paper the mid-range power transfer method of conformai strongly coupled magnetic resonance is used to achieve efficient wireless power transfer with compact receiving elements. A procedure is outlined to design power transfer systems at specific frequencies using a multilayer and coplanar configuration. The proposed design operates in the medical ISM frequency of 40.68 MHz, is capable of efficiently delivering power for up to six times the radius of the compact receiving element, and exhibits increased performance with a significantly reduced volume over traditional power transfer methods.
Psychometric Characteristics of the Insomnia Severity Index in Veterans With History of Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective/Background: The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) is a widely used self-report measure of insomnia symptoms. However, to date this measure has not been validated or well-characterized in veterans who have experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study assessed the psychometric properties and convergent, divergent, construct, and discriminate validity of the ISI in veterans with a history of TBI. Participants: Eighty-three veterans with history of TBI were seen in the VA San Diego Healthcare System as part of a research protocol. Methods: Measures included the ISI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and PTSD Checklist–Military Version. Results: The ISI demonstrated moderate to strong or excellent convergent and divergent validity. A principal component analysis indicated a single construct with excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.92). In exploratory analyses, t...
The Effectiveness of Policy Interventions for School Bullying: A Systematic Review

AbstractObjective: Bullying threatens the mental and educational well-being of students. Although anti-bullying policies are prevalent, little is known about their effectiveness. This systematic review evaluates the methodological characteristics and summarizes substantive findings of studies examining the effectiveness of school bullying policies. Method: Searches of 11 bibliographic databases yielded 489 studies completed since January 1, 1995. Following duplicate removal and double-independent screening based on a priori inclusion criteria, 21 studies were included for review. Results: Substantially more educators perceive anti-bullying policies to be effective rather than ineffective. Whereas several studies show that the presence or quality of policies is associated with lower rates of bullying among students, other studies found no such associations between policy presence or quality and reductions in bullying. Consistent across studies, this review found that schools with anti-bullying policies tha...
The Open Door in Paradise? United States Strategic Security and Economic Policy in the Pacific Islands, 1945-1947

Between 1945 and 1947, the United States set out on an imperial course to guarantee its future security in the Pacific Basis vis-a-vis potential aggressor nations in East Asia. Ensuring U.S. strategic control of the area meant wielding physical control over the economic resources of the Pacific islands conquered from Japan, especially the Mariana, Marshall, and Caroline groups composing Micronesia. By coupling these indigenous economies to that of the United States, American officials, particularly military officers, hoped to develop a local economy that could subsidize an American administration. Some even suggested creating a market economy in the islands that could buttress long-term U.S. control of the area by "Americanizing" the Pacific Islanders through the introduction of mainstream American consumer goods and social services. Historians have much to learn from this neglected episode of early Cold War history, since the economic administration of the Pacific islands conquered from Japan provided an exception to U.S. postwar protestations of "open doorism." Scholars of international relations will note the broad manner in which U.S. officials defined "strategic" security for the Pacific Basin. Finally, students of American "exceptionalism" will find interest in American officials' narrow, even legalistic, definitions of "imperialism," used to deflect international criticism that the United States was retreating from its wartime support for the decolonization of empires.
Life after prostate cancer treatment: a mixed methods study of the experiences of men with sexual dysfunction and their partners

Prostate cancer is the most common non-skin cancer in men and sexual dysfunction is the most frequently reported long-term side effect of prostate cancer surgery or radiation. The aim of this study was to examine the experiences of men with sexual dysfunction and their partners following prostate cancer treatment. Men with sexual dysfunction from either surgical removal or radiation therapy 1-5 years after treatment were interviewed, as well as their partners. A mixed method design was used to determine the lived experience of men with sexual dysfunction. Open-ended questions guided the interviews. Twenty seven men completed the study with a mean age of 61 years (SD = 8.0; range = 44-77 years). Nine partners also participated. The majority of men (92.6%) had surgery. The average time from treatment to the interview was 23.5 months (SD = 11.7). Themes were frustration with sexual dysfunction, importance of support and understanding from others, depression and anxiety related to sexual dysfunction, importance of intimacy with partner, factors that impact treatment satisfaction, and education and comprehensive information about sex. Prostate cancer survivors and partners need accurate information about sexual side effects before during and after treatment. Men and partners required individualized help and guidance to manage sexual dysfunction. Support and understanding from partners, family, and others was also identified as an important aspect of healing and adjustment after prostate cancer treatment. Prostate cancer education/support groups played a key role in helping men and partners gain advocacy, education, and support. Psychological problems such as depression and anxiety need to be identified and addressed in men after prostate cancer treatment. Men and partners need assistance in understanding and navigating their way through intimacy to move forward with connectedness in their relationship. Satisfaction with treatment and with providers is dependent on patient education and understanding of all aspects of prostate cancer treatment including sexual side effects and incontinence.
Open Umbilical Hernia

Umbilical hernias are often repaired primarily. In cases where the defect is larger than 2–3 cm in size, mesh is used to decrease the risk of recurrence. This chapter lists the indication, essential steps in technique, common variations, and complications of this common procedure. A detailed template operative dictation note is included.
Generalizable, Electroless, Template-Assisted Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Mechanistic Understanding of Perovskite LaNiO3 Nanorods as Viable, Supportless Oxygen Evolution Reaction Catalysts in Alkaline Media

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key reaction for water electrolysis cells and air-powered battery applications. However, conventional metal oxide catalysts, used for high-performing OER, tend to incorporate comparatively expensive and less abundant precious metals such as Ru and Ir, and, moreover, suffer from poor stability. To attempt to mitigate for all of these issues, we have prepared one-dimensional (1D) OER-active perovskite nanorods using a unique, simple, generalizable, and robust method. Significantly, our work demonstrates the feasibility of a novel electroless, seedless, surfactant-free, wet solution-based protocol for fabricating “high aspect ratio” LaNiO3 and LaMnO3 nanostructures. As the main focus of our demonstration of principle, we prepared as-synthesized LaNiO3 rods and correlated the various temperatures at which these materials were annealed with their resulting OER performance. We observed generally better OER performance for samples prepared with lower annealing temperature...