cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic photoacoustic microscopy probe for human colorectal cancer imaging (Conference Presentation)

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. According to American Cancer society, the overall lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer is about 4.7% for men and 4.4% for women. We have developed a rigid, endoscopic photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) probe for imaging of in vivo human colorectal cancers. In order to accommodate colon sections with different size (typically from 50 to 70mm), our 10mm diameter rigid probe uses an off-optical-axis, external mechanical scanning mechanism with a speed of 35deg/s instead of an on-optical-axis, internal mechanical scan mechanism. 532-nm pulsed laser light enters the ridged probe through a photonic crystal single mode fiber before it is collimated and refocused by a water-immersed objective lens onto the colon surface. A focused ultrasound ring transducer (40.5 MHz, 6.5mm focal length) receives photoacoustic signal from chromophores excited by laser beam. Imaging system performance specifications including resolution (6μm) and signal-to-noise ratio are quantified and verified from phantom imaging tests. Ex vivo human colon samples are studied to reveal microscopic features of normal colon, benign polyps, adenocarcinoma and cancer.
Real-time teaming of multiple reconfigurable manufacturing systems

Abstract Personalized production poses new challenges on reconfigurable manufacturing systems due to a dramatic increase in the variety and stochasticity of the manufacturing demand. This paper proposes a connected autonomous reconfigurable manufacturing system with a decentralized management of individual autonomous lines that can be reconfigured for diverse manufacturing tasks via manufacturing modules. We present a mathematical approach for distributing the stochastic demands and exchanging machines or modules among lines (which are groups of machines) as a bidding process, and for adaptively configuring these lines and machines for the resulting shared demand under a limited inventory of configurable components.
Human Subjects Research in Bioemergencies

Bioemergencies present unique ethical and operational challenges to performing clinical research with human subjects. Patient care, public health protection, and responder safety are paramount in these situations, which often involve high biosafety level pathogens and containment conditions. While working to halt the spread of disease, research is necessary to understand the ongoing outbreak as well as increase response capabilities in the face of future threats. Research in bioemergencies has novel and unexpected challenges that vary greatly depending on the type of studies being conducted and data being collected. This chapter will provide an understanding of basic principles, challenges, and regulatory components of human subjects research during bioemergencies, as well as ongoing practical components of these studies.
6.9 STIM1-ORAI1 Store-Operated Calcium Channels

Calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) current is an established example of store-operated calcium influx, first characterized electrophysiologically in T lymphocytes and mast cells. The key proteins underlying the CRAC current are ORAI, a plasma membrane protein that forms the channel itself, and STIM, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein that senses ER-luminal calcium concentration and controls ORAI channel gating. The chapter summarizes the electrophysiological properties of the CRAC current and the biophysical and biochemical experiments that have provided insight into STIM-ORAI signaling.
The Role of Propositional Structure in Memory for Visual Stimuli

One of the most difficult tasks in cognitive research has been that of describing the meaning of a stimulus. Much work has shown that memory for stimuli is predominantly memory for the meaning which the stimulus has for the individual rather than for the elements of its surface form (Bransford & Franks, 1971; Kintsch, 1974). Memory for visual, as well as linguistic stimuli, has been shown to depend upon the meaning of the stimulus (Palmer, 1977). Yet psychologists have had difficulty in specifying exactly what is meant when it is said that a subject remembers “meaning.” In what form is meaning encoded in memory, and is the form of meaning the same or different for linguistic and visual stimuli?
Differences in magnitude and rate of change in adult obesity distribution by age and sex in Mexico, Colombia and Peru, 2005-2010.

Objective Unequal obesity distributions among adult populations have been reported in low- and middle-income countries, but mainly based on data of women of reproductive age. Moreover, incorporation of ever-changing skewed BMI distributions in analyses has been a challenge. Our study aimed to assess magnitude and rates of change in BMI distributions by age and sex. Design Shapes of BMI distributions were estimated for 2005 and 2010, and their changes were assessed, using the generalized additive model for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS) and assuming BMI follows a Box-Cox power exponential (BCPE) distribution. Setting Nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional health surveys conducted between 2005 and 2013 in Mexico, Colombia and Peru. Subjects Adult men and non-pregnant women aged 20-69 years. Results Whereas women had more right-shifted and wider BMI distributions than men in almost all age groups across the countries in 2010, men in their 30s-40s experienced more rapid increases in BMI between 2005 and 2010, notably in Peru. The highest increase in overweight and obesity prevalence was observed among Peruvian men of 35-39 years, with a 5-year increase of 21 percentage points. Conclusions The BCPE-GAMLSS method is an alternative to analyse measurements with time-varying distributions visually, in addition to conventional indicators such as means and prevalences. Consideration of differences in BMI distributions and their changes by sex and age would provide vital information in tailoring relevant policies and programmes to reach target populations effectively. Increases in BMI portend increases of obesity-associated diseases, for which preventive and preparative actions are urgent.
Synthesis of Chiral Cyclic Alcohols from Chiral Epoxides by H or N Substitution with Frontside Displacement

Diverse examples are provided of enantioselective sequences for the transformation of cycloalkenes to either chiral trans-β-substituted cycloalkanols or chiral α-amino ketones.
A bioassay for monitoring the effect of diet on lipid accumulation in Drosophila melanogaster larvae

Drosophila is an emerging model organism in which to study the effects of diet on the regulation of metabolism and physiological function. In order to analyze the effects that different diets and food additives have on the accumulation of lipids in Drosophila larvae, we have established a control diet and optimized an established method to monitor the accumulation of lipids in third instar Drosophila larvae known as the floating larvae assay. We report on the simplicity and utility of using the floating larvae assay to access changes in lipid accumulation in flies raised on different diets.
Management of Malperfusion Syndrome in Acute Type A Aortic Dissection

Malperfusion is one of the most devastating complications of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) that significantly affects clinical outcomes. If malperfusion is not corrected in a timely manner, organ ischemia may progress to irreversible dysfunction (i.e. infarction), called malperfusion syndrome. Malperfusion could affect any organ in the body including heart, brain, spinal cord, viscera, and limbs. It has been under debate if endovascular or surgical intervention for peripheral reperfusion to treat symptomatic malperfusion should be performed prior to central surgical repairs, or vice versa. Optimal surgical strategy of ATAAD with malperfusion should be determined case-by-case basis depending on a variety of factors including which organs are involved, the degree of end organ impairment, and most importantly, elapsed time since onset. Progressive technology would change patient management and help to improve clinical outcomes. Recently, hybrid suites have become available and found useful for simultaneous early diagnostic investigation as well as therapeutic intervention for ATAAD patients with malperfusion. Hybrid surgical approaches such as the frozen elephant trunk technique also show promising outcomes for ATAAD with malperfusion. In this section, classic and latest management of malperfusion of each affected organ in ATAAD patients will be reviewed.
Salt-sensitive transcriptome of isolated kidney distal tubule cells.

In the distal kidney tubule, the steroid hormone aldosterone regulates sodium reabsorption via the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Most studies seeking to identify ENaC-regulating aldosterone-ind...
From Here to There: A Reply to Professor Baer

In an earlier article, I introduced the character theory of corporate punishment. Inspired by virtue ethics, the theory proposes that criminal law should punish a corporation only by coercively reforming any criminogenic organizational traits responsible for its crime. In a response, Professor Baer objects to the self-consciously punitive aspects of my theory and calls for a more regulatory approach. This reply argues that character theory may be the most promising framework for realizing Baer's ideal.
SAGES University MASTERS Program: Colorectal Pathway

SAGES University MASTERS Program will offer members ongoing opportunities for performance improvement at all stages of their career. It leverages SAGES educational content to provide surgeons a clear pathway of coursework that progresses along a continuum from a competency curriculum to a proficiency curriculum to a mastery curriculum in eight areas of focus (hernia, flex endo, foregut, biliary, bariatrics, colorectal, robotics, and acute care). Participation is optional, available to SAGES members only, and may be pursued over the course of a career as part of professional Maintenance of Certification. Note: we will certify progression and completion of the educational program; we do not certify the practicing surgeon.
What Would You Do? Examining Gun Ownership on Safety Planning Activities and Response Intentions to an Armed and Unarmed Assailant by Gender

A significant number of people worry about their safety although more women report being concerned about their safety, feel more vulnerable to every kind of crime, and take more safety precautions ...
Design and Testing of a W-Band Polarimetric Radar

In this research we carry out measurements with a 94-GHz (W-band) polarimetric radar prototype. The complex 2×2 scattering matrix [S] is used as the basis for analysis, and the magnitude of its off-diagonal elements |S hv |2, |S vh |2, along with the target generator T 33 , are used to reveal information about the diameter as well as the orientation of metal rods.
Photocatalytic La4Ti3O12 nanoparticles fabricated by liquid-feed flame spray pyrolysis

Abstract Hexagonal plate-like nanoparticles (NPs) of the layered perovskite La4Ti3O12 were fabricated using liquid-feed flame spray pyrolysis (LF-FSP) followed by subsequent heat-treatments. Their photocatalytic activity was evaluated using decolorization of methyl orange solutions under Uv irradiation. LF-FSP combusts metalloorganic precursor aerosols to produce mixtures of cubic simple perovskite (ABO3) phase and lanthanum oxycarbonate (La2O4·846C0.846) phase with very low agglomeration and average particle sizes (APSs) of 23 nm (as-produced NPs). Rietveld refinement of synchrotron XRD powder patterns verified that the simple perovskite in the as-produced NPs is LaTiO3 (originally cubic Pm-3m-type space group) and heat-treating gives NPs of the trigonal layered perovskite La4Ti3O12 (R-3-type space group). La4Ti3O12 NPs heat-treated at 1100 °C/3-6h/air exhibits hexagonal plate-like morphology and high crystallinity offering enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange solutions compared to the as-produced NPs. The LF-FSP approach to obtaining layered perovskite La4Ti3O12 NPs provides a simple route to photocatalytic materials in reasonable quantities.
Androgen Regulation of Mouse Kidney RNA

The anabolic effect of the androgens is observed in many tissues other than the secondary sex organs. The responsiveness of the extra sexual tissues varies widely with species of animals and the steroid hormone (1,2). The induction of growth by the steroids, however, utilizes the recognized protein biosynthetic systems. The amino acid incorporating activity of cell free preparations of these is decreased by castration and enhanced by androgen administration (2). These changes in rate of protein biosynthesis are accompanied by changes in the RNAs of the tissue (2). Since various forms of RNAs are essential for the protein biosynthetic system, this report will describe some of the recent information concerning the regulation of RNA in an androgen sensitive organ, the mouse kidney.
The Bond, Equity, and Real Estate Term Structures

We construct a Stochastic Discount Factor (SDF) that prices bond, equity, and real estate portfolios sorted on cash flow duration. Using this SDF and the dynamics of cash flow yields in these three asset classes, we estimate the bond, equity, and real estate term structures monthly from 1974 to 2019. We find that while (nominally) safe and risky cash flows have risk premia term structures that are upward sloping on average and move together over time, the term structure dynamics are fundamentally different after we remove the safe component of the risky cash flows. Specifically, equity and real estate maturity-matched risk premia, on average, increase over short maturities but decline over long maturities. Moreover, their term structures comove positively with each other but negatively with the bond term structure.
Evidence About State by State Use of Tax Increment Financing

This short paper provides the best available evidence about the number of tax increment financing districts in US states. It provides complete sources for the data and contrasts our findings with the findings of one earlier study on this subject.
Adjudicating Health Care Reform by Dissent

The procedural infrastructure within which the nation’s judicial system operates is as important as the canons of law the Courts espouse. Sometimes, however, courts bypass these procedural tenets without compromising their integrity, often by way of dissenting opinions. On the cusp of a historic moment when it entertains 330 minutes or oral argument on the topic of health care reform, the United States Supreme Court commands the nation’s full attention. Typically known for its stoicism, the Supreme Court recently ruled on another health care related matter, one involving California’s Medicaid program. With what appears to be a majority opinion out of character, following by a critical dissent written by the Chief Justice, perhaps this dialogue offers more insight about what the nation can expect later this month than any definitive ruling for the matter on which the Justices recently opined. If so, it appears the national focus on health care reform will not abate when the Supreme Court finally issues its decision sometime this summer, nor will it end with the elections in November, even should they force a changing of the guard or a repeal of the Affordable Care Act. In the midst of such chaos, our only certainty rests in the knowledge that a fundamentally divided Court will continue to stand as a bellwether, with the arguments and decisions of all nine Justices pointing the direction for the evolution of our health care system, one single step at a time.
Soft Error Tolerant Quasi-Delay Insensitive Asynchronous Circuits: Advancements and Challenges

Susceptibility to soft errors caused by radiation or other noise sources is a major concern for devices operating with limited supply voltages at scaled technology nodes. These errors are occasional abnormalities that give rise to single event effects (SEE), which may corrupt the circuit functionality. Although the insensitivity to timing variations allows quasi delay insensitive (QDI) circuits to be robust against many of the radiation or noise effects that affect the timing behavior of CMOS based synchronous digital circuits, they are still susceptible to soft errors. Various error detection, mitigation, and radiation hardening schemes for QDI circuits exist in the literature. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the existing techniques and a comparative analysis of their significance, performance, and limitations.
The Parenting Deficit

Because the consequences of child-rearing are borne by every member of a community, the charge of parenting is flush with great social responsibility. Yet a generation of exalted individualism and careerism has seen shifts in family structures, childcare practices, and employer policies that suggest society has been failing to valuate properly its youngest members. This article reaffirms the importance of parenting as a moral and social mission and suggests policy changes to shore up child development and, above all, challenge the society’s cultural priorities.
The Cells of the Insect Neurosecretory System: Constancy, Variability, and the Concept of the Unique Identifiable Neuron

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the applicability of the concept to the insect neurosecretory system, and to define areas and preparations, which seem suitable for analysis by the new techniques. It deals with anatomical identification of neurosecretory cells (NSCs), and then with their distribution in the insects. Attempt is to ascertain whether their numbers are relatively constant between individuals, in which taxa the numbers of NSCs are large or small, and where cells suitable for electrophysiological techniques are likely to be found. Invertebrate neurophysiology has been revolutionized in recent years, by the general application of the concept of the unique identifiable neuron. In many invertebrate taxa, most of the nervous system is comprised of neurons each of which has a characteristic morphology, connectivity, and function. Both the individual neurones and the neuronal circuits they form are effectively identical in different conspecific individuals. Nervous organization of this sort is characteristic of taxa with determined growth, little plasticity of adult form, short lives, and a high degree of neural complexity, combined with relatively small numbers of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). The biological implications of the concept of the unique identifiable neuron for insect neurosecretion are presented and some indication is given of the sorts of experiments potentially feasible, with a few recent examples.
Pacemaker electrode-induced thrombosis in the superior vena cava with pulmonary embolization: A complication of pervenous pacing

Abstract A case of thrombosis in the superior vena cava around a pacemaker electrode is described. Death was due to pulmonary emboli. Although the incidence of pulmonary thromboembolic complications in endocardiac pacing is rare, the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism should be considered in patients with unexplained dyspnea or tachycardia, chest pain or refractory heart failure.
Shear Center for Thin-Walled Open Sections Beyond the Elastic Limit

The location of the shear center of a thin-walled open section stressed beyond the elastic limit is determined by methods similar to those used in the elastic case. Through an analysis of the stress and strain components, the problem is reduced to determining one constant in the case of symmetric sections. This can be found from the magnitude of the applied force. The location of the shear center can then be found. Calculations for channel sections are carried out in detail, and the influence of the load and stress-strain law is shown in a numerical example. Formulas are also given for nonsymmetrical sections. The shear center, in the nonelastic case, is not a property of the section alone but depends on the stress-strain law and the applied force.
Rationality and Reasonableness in Legal Theory

En este trabajo se examina el ensayo de Guillermo Lariguet intitulado “Analytical Legal Philosophy Reloaded”, y se ofrecen dos interpretaciones de su proyecto de “renovar” la filosofia analitica del derecho. En primer lugar se sostiene que una lectura naturalista del proyecto es injustificada, y que la via mas prometedora de interpretar su propuesta es en terminos una agenda metodologica mas ambiciosa, la cual es analoga al criticismo metodologico exhaustivo imaginado por Jurgen Habermas en algunos de sus trabajos, en los que centra su accion comunicativa. La “razonabilidad” de la propuesta, como la denomino, es una invitacion a revitalizar y enriquecer no solo la filosofia juridica, sino el discurso filosofico en general; ademas muestra que la “renovacion” de la filosofia del derecho no puede ser entendida como un proyecto que se origine unicamente desde el interior de la filosofia juridica
Metal Vapor Synthesis of Transition Metal Compounds

The title topic is reviewed with special reference to the reactivity of metal atoms, their energetics of vaporization, vaporization techniques, and some detailed examples of reaction products. Recent advances in nanoparticle work are also discussed. Keywords: vaporization; nanoparticles; high temperature; cocondensation; reactor; high vacuum
Strategic Physician Communication and Oncology Clinical Trials

PURPOSE: Clinical trials are the primary means for determining new, effective treatments for cancer patients, yet the number of patients that accrue is relatively limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between physician behavior and patient accrual to a clinical trial by videotaping the interaction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-eight patient-physician interactions involving 12 different oncologists were videotaped in several clinics at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute (Tampa, FL). The purpose of each interaction was to present the possibility of a clinical trial to the patient. A coding system, the Moffitt Accrual Analysis System, was developed by the authors to code behaviors that represented both the legal-informational and social influence models of communication behavior. Thirty-two patients agreed to participate in the clinical trial. RESULTS: Videotaping was found to be a viable, valid, and reliable method for studying the interaction. Physicians who...
Assessment of Communications-related Admissions Criteria in a Three-year Pharmacy Program.

Objective. To determine if there is a correlation between TOEFL and other admissions criteria that assess communications skills (ie, PCAT variables: verbal, reading, essay, and composite), interview, and observational scores and to evaluate TOEFL and these admissions criteria as predictors of academic performance. Methods. Statistical analyses included two sample t tests, multiple regression and Pearson’s correlations for parametric variables, and Mann-Whitney U for nonparametric variables, which were conducted on the retrospective data of 162 students, 57 of whom were foreign-born. Results. The multiple regression model of the other admissions criteria on TOEFL was significant. There was no significant correlation between TOEFL scores and academic performance. However, significant correlations were found between the other admissions criteria and academic performance. Conclusion. Since TOEFL is not a significant predictor of either communication skills or academic success of foreign-born PharmD students in the program, it may be eliminated as an admissions criterion.
Photoaffinity Labeling the Torpedo Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor with [3H]Tetracaine, a Nondesensitizing Noncompetitive Antagonist

Tetracaine ( N , N -dimethylaminoethyl-4-butylaminobenzoate) and related N , N -dialkylaminoethyl substituted benzoic acid esters have been used to characterize the high-affinity binding site for aromatic amine noncompetitive antagonists in the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). [3H]Tetracaine binds at equilibrium to a single site with a K eq value of 0.5 μM in the absence of agonist or presence of α-bungarotoxin and with a K eq value of 30 μM in the presence of agonist (i.e., for nAChR in the desensitized state). Preferential binding to nAChR in the absence of agonist is also seen for N , N -DEAE and N , N -diethylaminopropyl esters, both binding with 10-fold higher affinity in the absence of agonist than in the presence, and for the 4-ethoxybenzoic acid ester of N , N -diethylaminoethanol, but not for the 4-amino benzoate ester (procaine). Irradiation at 302 nm of nAChR-rich membranes equilibrated with [3H]tetracaine resulted in covalent incorporation with similar efficiency into nAChR α, β, γ, and δ subunits. The pharmacological specificity of nAChR subunit photolabeling as well as its dependence on [3H]tetracaine concentration establish that the observed photolabeling is at the high-affinity [3H]tetracaine-binding site. Within α subunit, ≥95% of specific photolabeling was contained within a 20-kilodalton proteolytic fragment beginning at Ser173 that contains the M1 to M3 hydrophobic segments. With all four subunits contributing to [3H]tetracaine site, the site in the closed channel state of the nAChR is most likely within the central ion channel domain.
Joint space-time image sequence segmentation based on volume competition and level sets

We address the issue of joint space-time segmentation of image sequences. Typical approaches to such segmentation consider two image frames at a time, and perform tracking of individual segments across time. We propose to perform this segmentation jointly over multiple frames. This leads to a 3D segmentation, i.e., a search for a volume "carved out" by a moving object in the (3D) image sequence domain. We pose the problem in a Bayesian framework and use the MAP criterion. Under suitable structural and segmentation/motion models we convert MAP estimation to a functional minimization. The resulting problem can be viewed as volume competition, a 3D generalization of region competition. We parameterize the unknown surface to be estimated, but rather than solving for it using an active-surface approach, we embed it into a higher-dimensional function and use the level-set methodology. We show experimental results for the simpler case of object motion against a still background although, given suitable models, the general formulation can handle complex motion too.
Is HCMV a Tumor Promoter

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a beta-herpesvirus that causes persistent infection in humans and can cause severe disease in fetuses and immunocompromised individuals. Although HCMV is not currently causally implicated in human cancer, emerging evidence suggests that HCMV infection and expression may be specifically associated with human malignancies including malignant glioma, colon, and prostate cancer. In addition, multiple investigators have demonstrated that HCMV can dysregulate signaling pathways involved in initiation and promotion of malignancy, including tumor suppressor, mitogenic signaling, inflammatory, immune regulation, angiogenesis and invasion, and epigenetic mechanisms. This review highlights some of the recent evidence that HCMV might play a role in modulating the tumor microenvironment as well as in the initiation and promotion of tumor cells themselves.
Extreme thinking in clinically depressed adolescents: Results from the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).

Abstract The purpose of this report is to examine relations between extreme thinking, as measured by the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, and the maintenance of gains among adolescents who participated in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS). We examine extreme thinking among 327 adolescents (mean age = 14.56, 57% female, 75% White) who received cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), fluoxetine (FLX), or a combination of CBT and FLX (COMB). Among those who met remission status on the Children’s Depression Rating Scale – Revised (CDRS-R ≤ 28; 56 at week 12, 79 at week 18) extreme thinking did not predict failure to maintain remission. This is in contrast to findings with depressed adults. Treatment influenced level of extreme thinking, and this appeared to be driven by greater endorsement of positively valenced beliefs as opposed to a decrease in negatively valenced beliefs. Developmental or investigation characteristics may account for the discrepancy in findings.
The cyclic stress-strain response of copper at low strains—II. Variable amplitude testing

Abstract The cyclic stress-strain response of polycrystalline copper has been explored at low strain amplitudes by means of two multistep tests. In one called the ‘large step test’, Program A, cycling is first begun at 2 × 10−3 to create a cell structure in saturation and thereafter tests were conducted on the same specimen at successively lower levels of strain or stress. However, between steps, cycling at 2 × 10−3 to saturation was always done to reestablish the initial cell structure. The other test was a small step decrementai test to very low values of strain or stress followed by an incremental step test—this test is called the ‘small step test’, Program B. The cyclic stress-strain curve associated with the large step test followed that observed in constant plastic strain testing (see Part I, the companion paper to this) with some differences at low strain. The cyclic stress-strain curve associated with the small step test followed that observed in constant stress testing (see Part I), but again with differences. In particular the ‘plateau’ observed in constant stress testing was not observed in the decrementai test. Specimens tested by both of these tests showed dipolar walls in their dislocation structures; however, differences in the scale of these structures caused the variations in cyclic stress-strain curves. It is argued that the cyclic stress-strain curves observed here represent bounds in the cyclic response.
The collective excitations in 3He-A in magnetic fields: the linear Zeeman effect for clapping and pair-breaking modes

Abstract Recent experiments measuring the clapping mode frequency in 3 He-A are in good agreement with the Brusov-Popov theory, constructed by a path integral method. Here a complete set of equations, which describe the collective excitations (CE) in 3 He-A in arbitrary magnetic fields, is first obtained taking into account the CE damping, by using the same method. These equations are solved for small fields and zero CE momenta K , and the linear Zeeman effect for the clapping (cl) and pair-breaking (pb) modes is obtained: a three-fold linear splitting of these modes which could be observed in zero sound experiments. The influence of magnetic fields on CE damping is investigated too.
Mannose-specific lectins modulate ligand binding to AMPA-type glutamate receptors.

Binding of [3H]AMPA was increased above control levels in rat brain membranes that had been incubated with concanavalin A (Con A) or a lectin from Lens culinaris (LC), both of which bind mannose residues. This did not occur with any of six lectins with other specificities. The magnitude of the increased binding varied from 15% in cortex to 70% in hippocampus and decreased significantly between 3 weeks and 6 months of age. Succinylated Con A was without effect and neither Con A nor LC increased binding to solubilized AMPA receptors. Increases in binding were not obtained in membranes purified from HEK293 cell lines expressing homomeric AMPA receptors. This indicates that mannose specific lectins may enhance binding by cross-linking AMPA receptors to each other or to proteins that are specific to brain. Con A has been reported to reduce glutamate receptor desensitization with higher efficacy at kainate than at AMPA receptors; the increase in binding reported here appears to be unrelated to such effects because (1) it was not affected by drugs that block desensitization and (2) [3H]kainate binding was reduced rather than increased by Con A. These observations suggest that AMPA receptor kinetic properties not involving desensitization are influenced by extracellular interactions between the receptors and other transmembrane proteins.
Internet versus live: Assessment of government documents bibliographic instruction

Abstract The issue of live bibliographic instruction (BI) versus electronic BI is a matter many libraries are facing as more technology becomes available to afford such an option. At the University of Oklahoma Government Documents Collection, a study was administered in March 2001 to determine the relative advantages between these two teaching techniques. Using three groups (live, Internet, and control), a pre- and posttest/evaluation were utilized to produce statistical results. In the end, both the live and Internet groups' posttests showed statistical significance when compared to the control group but showed no statistical significance when compared to each other. The evaluation and comment section of the posttest were enlightening, as live instruction was preferred over the Internet instruction in most instances. The final result of the study showed no statistical significance between the posttests of the live group and the Internet group, but the subjects preferred live government documents BI to the Internet version. This is important to note as more emphasis is being placed on the possibility of electronic BI for the future of library instruction.
Microfossils from silicified stromatolitic carbonates of the Upper Proterozoic Limestone-Dolomite 'Series', central East Greenland.

Silicified flake conglomerates and in situ stratiform stromatolites of the Upper Proterozoic (c. 700-800 Ma) Limestone-Dolomite 'Series', central East Greenland, contain well preserved microfossils. Five stratigraphic horizons within the 1200 m succession contain microbial mat assemblages, providing a broad palaeontological representation of late Proterozoic peritidal mat communities. Comparison of assemblages demonstrates that the taxonomy and diversity of mat builder, dweller, and allochthonous populations all vary considerably within and among horizons. The primary mat builder in most assemblages is Siphonophycus inornatum, a sheath-forming prokaryote of probable but not unequivocally established cyanobacterial affinities. An unusual low diversity unit in Bed 17 is dominated by a different builder, Tenuofilum septatum, while a thin cryptalgal horizon in Bed 18 is built almost exclusively by Siphonophycus kestron. Although variable taphonomic histories contribute to observed assemblage variation, most differences within and among horizons appear to reflect the differential success or failure of individual microbial populations in colonizing different tidal flat microenvironments. Twenty-two taxa are recognized, of which two are described as new: Myxococcoides stragulescens n.sp. and Scissilisphaera gradata n. sp.
Nanoscale Chemistry and Processing of Multifunctional Composites for Nanophotonics and Biophotonics

Abstract Multifunctional nanostructured materials and composites are of considerable interest for photonics, optoelectronics and biophotonics. This paper will focus on three topics. In the first part of the paper, we will focus on silica encapsulated multifunctional nanoparticles. These particles show enhanced optical properties as well as photo, chemical and thermal stability. In the second part of the paper, we investigate the Er3+ sol-gel multicomponent silica glass prepared with nanostructure control for 1.55 μm amplification. These glasses demonstrate the longest reported lifetime in sol-gel glasses to date, which we attribute to the reduction of the hydroxyl content in the glass. The third part of the paper discusses our work on photonic crystals.
Plasma adrenocorticotropin concentration is elevated in adult rats with neonatal adrenal transplants.

Diurnal rhythms of plasma ACTH and plasma corticosterone concentrations were studied in intact rats at 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks of age and in bilaterally adrenalectomized adult rats 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks after transplantation of the neonatal (day 1) adrenal to the anterior chamber of the eye. Whereas there was no difference in adrenal weight or plasma corticosterone concentration between intact and transplanted rats during adrenal development, the plasma ACTH concentration was significantly increased in transplanted rats relative to that in intact rats throughout development. A diurnal rhythm of plasma corticosterone concentration was observed in transplanted rats 5 and 7 weeks after transplantation; however, the onset of the rhythmicity was delayed relative to that of intact rats, who displayed rhythmicity at 3, 5, and 7 weeks of age. Elevated plasma ACTH concentrations in chronically cannulated transplanted rats exhibited diurnal variation in parallel with plasma corticosterone concentrations. Adult rats bea...
Five year-round forage systems in a dairy effluent sprayfield: phosphorus removal.

In northern Florida, forages are grown in dairy effluent sprayfields to recover excess P. Our purpose was to evaluate five year-round forage systems for their capacity to remove P from a dairy sprayfield. The soil is a Kershaw sand (thermic, uncoated Typic Quartzipsamment). Systems included bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.)-rye (Secale cereale L.) (BR), perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.)-rye (PR), corn (Zea mays L.)-forage sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]-rye (CSR), corn-bermudagrass-rye (CBR), and corn-perennial peanut-rye (CPR). Forages were grown for five 12-mo cycles. Effluent P rates were 80, 120, and 165 kg ha 21 cycle 21 . The 5-cycle P removal was 67 kg ha 21 cycle 21 for BR, 54 kg ha 21 for CBR, 52 kg for CSR, 45 kg for PR, and 43 for CPR. Removal of P by winter rye was low. There were differences in system rankings among cycles primarily due to changes in the performance of perennial forages. In the first two cycles, BR had the greatest P removal (91 kg ha 21 cycle 21 ) due to high bermudagrass yield and P concentration. In the first cycle, P removal was lowest for PR(36kgha 21 ) becauseperennial peanutwasslow to establish. Inlater cycles, P removal for BR declined because bermudagrass yield and P concentration declined. It increased for PR because peanut yield increased. The yield of corn in CBR, CPR, and CSR was consistently high but P concentration was modest (avg. 2.2 g kg 21 ). Sorghum produced moderate but stable yield and had low P levels (avg. 1.8 g kg 21 ).
Aharonov–Bohm Phase Shifts Induced by Laser Pulses

An experimentally accessible scalar Aharonov–Bohm (AB)-effect is proposed using a ponderomotive potential induced by a pulsed laser. This ponderomotive AB (PAB)-effect is unique in that the time-averaged description is classified as type-I, whereas the underlying time-dependent theory is classified as type-II. Not only is the PAB-effect of fundamental interest, it may also be used to characterize ultrashort electron pulses (<100 fs), using low power femtosecond lasers, which is important for ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy.
Transported PDF Modeling of Nonpremixed Turbulent CO/H-2/N-2 Jet Flames

Turbulent CO/H2/N2 (“syngas”) flames are simulated using a transported composition probability density function (PDF) method. A consistent hybrid Lagrangian particle/Eulerian mesh algorithm is used to solve the modeled PDF transport equation. The model includes standard k–ϵ turbulence, gradient transport for scalars, and Euclidean minimum spanning tree (EMST) mixing. Sensitivities of model results to variations in the turbulence model, the treatment of radiation heat transfer, the choice of chemical mechanism, and the PDF mixing model are explored. A baseline model reproduces the measured mean and rms temperature, major species, and minor species profiles reasonably well, and captures the scaling that is observed in the experiments. Both our results and the literature suggest that further improvements can be realized with adjustments in the turbulence model, the radiation heat transfer model, and the chemical mechanism. Although radiation effects are relatively small in these flames, consideration of radi...
Effect of Pipe Stiffness on Maxi-HDD Pull Loads

The ASTM standard F1962, Standard Guide for Use of Maxi-Horizontal Directional Drilling for Placement of Polyethylene Pipe or Conduit Under Obstacles, Including River Crossings, provides a procedure for estimating pull loads and stresses on polyethylene (PE) pipe as primarily a function of the drilled path and buoyant weight of the pipe in the borehole. Although the (capstan) effect of tension at route bends is reflected in the analysis, it is assumed that pipe bending stiffness effects may be ignored for the typically very flexible PE material. However, it is of interest to gain a quantitative understanding of the potential impact of such additional factors on the required pull force in somewhat stiffer pipe materials, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or steel. The present investigation therefore focuses on an analytical means of estimating the associated frictional drag forces, allowing an appreciation of the possible importance of such effects and, as appropriate, an extension of the general ASTM F1962...
On the holding-back problem in the cell transmission based dynamic traffic assignment models

Abstract Traffic holding-back is considered an undesirable issue in dynamic traffic assignment since the vehicles are artificially held back on links in spite of the availability of downstream capacity. Holding-back occurs naturally in some system optimal dynamic traffic assignment models. In this paper, we focus on the holding back issue in the cell transmission based models and review the current methods of solving holding-back to understand their advantages and drawbacks. Then, we propose improvements to overcome the drawbacks of the current models. Finally, we propose a novel model which completely eliminates holding-back in a system optimal dynamic traffic assignment for traffic networks with multiple O–D pairs. Rigorous numerical results illustrate the benefits of using the proposed models.
The effect of enzyme treatment upon the resorption of scapular implants.

Pieces of scapula were removed from young rats, decalcified, and treated with pronase, papain, hyaluronidase or trypsin. The epiphyseal cartilages of control scapulae took up the Alcian blue stain, but those treated with pronase, papain or hyaluronidase did not; trypsin did not abolish the staining reaction. When the bones were implanted subcutaneously into the animals from which they had been taken, the epiphyseal cartilages of those treated with the first three enzymes were rapidly invaded by capillaries and small round cells. The cartilages of the control, untreated bones and those from bones treated with trypsin were not invaded in this way. It is postulated that the removal of acid glycosaminoglycans from cartilage may be one of the factors that trigger the capillary invasion that occurs in endochondral calcification.
A point concerning quadratic elements in two‐dimensional boundary element methods

In two-dimensional boundary element methods, the use of quadratic elements for modelling geometric shape and interpolating boundary variables is quite common. For straight boundaries, an interesting indeterminancy of the normal at an end-node may occur in the usual numerical strategy if the intermediate node lies at a distance of a quarter of the element length from that node. Inaccuracies in the values of nodal boundary stresses caused by errors in the direction cosines of normals are most easily avoided by choosing the intermediate node to lie sufficiently far away from the one-quarter point from either end-node.
Differential Prediction of Alcohol Use and Problems: The Role of Biopsychological and Social‐Environmental Variables

This study examined the differential prediction of alcohol use and problems by biopsychological (i.e., affective and cognitive variables) and social-environmental (i.e., social norms) variables. Undergraduate students (N = 231) were assessed twice separated by a 30-day interval. Time 1 impulsivity, affect lability, social norms, and perceived conflict between personal strivings and alcohol use were each significant predictors of alcohol use-related problems at Time 2 (T2). Structural equation models indicated that impulsivity and affect lability were related directly with use-related problems, while social norms and use-strivings conflict were related indirectly with use-related problems (mediated by use frequency). Impulsivity moderated the T2 use to use-related problems relationship. Use frequency was associated more strongly with use-related problems among more impulsive participants.
Communication-Aware Globally-Coordinated On-Chip Networks

With continued Moore's law scaling, multicore-based architectures are becoming the de facto design paradigm for achieving low-cost and performance/power-efficient processing systems through effective exploitation of available parallelism in software and hardware. A crucial subsystem within multicores is the on-chip interconnection network that orchestrates high-bandwidth, low-latency, and low-power communication of data. Much previous work has focused on improving the design of on-chip networks but without more fully taking into consideration the on-chip communication behavior of application workloads that can be exploited by the network design. A significant portion of this paper analyzes and models on-chip network traffic characteristics of representative application workloads. Leveraged by this, the notion of globally coordinated on-chip networks is proposed in which application communication behavior-captured by traffic profiling-is utilized in the design and configuration of on-chip networks so as to support prevailing traffic flows well, in a globally coordinated manner. This is applied to the design of a hybrid network consisting of a mesh augmented with configurable multidrop (bus-like) spanning channels that serve as express paths for traffic flows benefiting from them, according to the characterized traffic profile. Evaluations reveal that network latency and energy consumption for a 64-core system running OpenMP benchmarks can be improved on average by 15 and 27 percent, respectively, with globally coordinated on-chip networks.
Relations among psychological trauma, dissociative phenomena, and trauma-related distress: a review and integration.

Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in relations among psychological trauma, dissociative phenomena, and various forms of trauma-related distress that has spawned a prolific amount of research. To date, a relatively comprehensive review of this recent research is lacking. Thus, this paper provides such a review to help summarize and synthesize recent findings, illuminate study limitations, and offer suggestions for future research. In general, findings have revealed fairly strong and consistent relations among the constructs of trauma, dissociation, and trauma-related distress (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, bulimia); individuals who have experienced a traumatic event are more likely to dissociate than individuals who have not, and individuals who experience more dissociative phenomena are more likely to also experience higher levels of trauma-related distress. It is theorized here that dissociative phenomena and subsequent trauma-related distress may relate to fears about death and fears about loss or lack of control above and beyond the occurrence of the traumatic event itself. Such fears about death and loss/lack of control may also help differentiate traumatized individuals who psychologically suffer to varying degrees. Possible functions of dissociation in response to trauma and in relation to forms of trauma-related distress are considered and discussed.
Periodic rescreening is indicated for family members at risk of developing familial dilated cardiomyopathy.

AbstractObjectives: This study evaluated the role of clinical rescreening of family members at risk for familial dilated cardiomyopathy (FDC).Background: Familial dilated cardiomyopathy is a geneti...