cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional sublamination theory for analysis of functionally graded plates

Presented is a two-dimensional sublamination theory for analysis of plates made of functionally graded materials. The sublamination plate theory extends a layer-wise higher-order shear-deformation theory for laminated plates by considering material properties being continuous functions of the thickness coordinate and using a new concept of sublamination to increase the degrees of freedom. The theory accommodates free shear stress conditions on the bonding surfaces, accounts for non-uniform deformation-dependent distributions of transverse shear stresses through the thickness, can be used for evaluating boundary restraint effects, and can be used for analyzing thin and thick plates with any boundary conditions. A sublamination plate element based on this theory is developed and validated for static and dynamic analysis. The degrees of freedom of the element is adaptable. For an element away from boundaries, it's degrees of freedom can be reduced at the elemental level without loss of accuracy. Analytical shear warping functions are presented. Moreover, modal analysis of functionally graded plates with different boundary conditions is performed to show the capability and accuracy of the theory.
The action of 1,1,3-tricyano-2-amino-1-propene (U-9189) on the thyroid gland of the rat and its effects in human thyrotoxicosis.

Studies of the antithyroid action of 1,1,3-tricyano-2-amino-1-propene (U-9189) were performed. In rats, this agent induces acute inhibition of the organic binding of iodine, suppresses the formation of thyroxine, and inhibits the conversion of monoiodotyrosine to diiodotyrosine. Following prolonged administration, these actions are supplemented by inhibition of the thyroidal iodide-concentrating mechanism. The antithyroid actions of U-9189 apparently also obtain in man, since this agent is capable of ameliorating human thyrotoxicosis. However, a high incidence of toxic reactions was observed in a small number of patients so treated.
Comments on Power spectra and coherence of drought in the interior plains by E. O. Oladipo

Oladipo failed to detect any long-period signals in precipitation records from North America, in particular those from the states of Arkansas, Illinois and Iowa. In this paper evidence is presented for signals near 19 years and 10 to 11 years in 64 records from these three states. A series of errors led to Oladipo's failure to detect the terms, and these are discussed.
Exposure of ewes to long-day photoperiods before the winter solstice can disrupt refractoriness to short days

The main objective of this study was to determine if 7, 15 or 30 days of exposure to a 16 h light:8 h dark (16L:8D) photoperiod prior to the winter solstice, or 15 days starting near the solstice, would disrupt photorefractoriness to short days. In Experiment 1, two different groups of ewes were exposed to 16L:8D for a period of 7 or 15 days starting on November 23, whereas a third group was exposed to 16L:8D for a period of 15 days starting on December 23. In Experiment 2, one group of ewes was taken from outdoors and exposed to 16L:8D for 30 days starting on November 23. After these long-day treatments, the ewes were exposed to continuous 10L:14D or 8L:16D photoperiods, respectively. For both experiments, reference groups were kept outdoors under natural environmental conditions. Blood samples taken by venipuncture twice weekly were assayed for progesterone concentrations. All ewes exposed to 16L:8D stopped cycling significantly earlier (P < 0.05) than those kept outdoors. Within Experiment 1, groups of ewes treated with 16L:8D did not differ in the time interval between the start of the study and cessation of estrous cycles. Once they had stopped cycling, all ewes in Experiment 1 remained anestrus for the remainder of the study. In Experiment 2, three of the six ewes exposed to 16L:8D resumed cycles after exposure to an 8L:16D photoperiod. It was concluded that an exposure to 16L:8D for 7 or 15 days starting 1 month before the winter solstice, or for 15 days starting immediately after the solstice, is not sufficient to restore responsiveness to short days. However, 30 days of exposure to 16L:8D 1 month before the winter solstice is partially effective in restoring responsiveness to a long- to short-day transition.
Bilayer packing characteristics of mixed chain phospholipid derivatives: Raman spectroscopic and differential scanning calorimetric studies of 1-stearoyl-2-capryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (C(18):C(10)PC) and 1-stearoyl-2-capryl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N-trimethylpropanolamine (C(18):C(10)TMPC)

Raman spectroscopy and high-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to compare the effects of headgroup conformation on the acyl chain packing arrangements in two highly asymmetric phosphatidylcholine (PC) analogues, 1-stearoyl-2-capryl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (C(18):C(10)PC) and a polar headgroup derivative of C(18):C(10)PC, 1-stearoyl-2-capryl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-N-trimethylpropanolami ne (C(18):C(10)TMPC), which contains an additional methylene group within the choline moiety; namely, -P-O-(CH2)3-N(CH3)3. The C(18):C(10)TMPC headgroup exhibits an extended trans conformation which is independent of bilayer phase. A comparison of gel phase spectral order parameters of the two lipid species indicates a mixed interdigitated state characteristic of three chains per headgroup for C(18): C(10)TMPC. A more intermolecularly ordered liquid crystalline phase is observed, however, for the C(18):C(10)TMPC bilayers. The phase transition cooperative unit size estimated for the C(18):C(10)PC bilayers (approximately 140 molecules per unit) is about 7-fold greater than that for the C(18):C(10)TMPC dispersions (approximately 20 molecules per unit). We suggest that the extended headgroup for C(18):C(10)TMPC induces a slight tilt in the gel phase packing arrangements for the acyl chains, which may persist in the partially interdigitated liquid crystalline phase bilayer. Macroscopically, tighter packed multilamellar dispersions of C(18):C(10)TMPC occur for systems prepared first in the presence of a higher ionic strength medium. The stacked bilayers may then be transferred to a lower ionic strength environment without loss of their more closely packed adjacent lamellae.
Vahinius Petax N. Gen., N. Sp., a Cyclopoid Copepod Parasitic in an Antipatharian Coelenterate in Madagascar

Description de Vahinius petax, nouveau genre et nouvelle espece de copepode cyclopoide parasite d'un antipathaire, Stichopathes echinulata Brook, a Madagascar. Ce copepode se place dans une famille nouvelle, les Vahiniidae, pres des Lamippidae et des Xarifiidae.
A mathematical model of post-instability in continuum mechanics

The post-instability can appear in the form of failure of hyperbolicity or in the form of cascade instability (stretching of vorticity in an inviscid fluid or instability of the Navier-Stokes equations). All the cases are characterized by an unlimited decrease of the scale of the motions, in the course of which the derivatives of the corresponding functions tend to infinity, though the functions themselves remain finite. Such an instability shows that the corresponding state of a continuum cannot be properly simulated by smooth functions. Hence, the original model must be corrected by giving up the requirement about differentiability and enlarging the class of functions. Applications to a model of an inviscid fluid and to a model of turbulence are discussed.
Real Time Web Text Classification and Analysis of Reading Difficulty

The automatic analysis and categorization of web text has witnessed a booming interest due to the increased text availability of different formats, content, genre and authorship. We present a new tool that searches the web and performs in real-time a) html-free text extraction, b) classification for thematic content and c) evaluation of expected reading difficulty. This tool will be useful to adolescent and adult low-level reading students who face, among other challenges, a troubling lack of reading material for their age, interests and reading level.
Agrin-induced AChR aggregate formation requires cGMP and aggregate maturation requires activation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase.

Previously, it was demonstrated that agrin acting through the gaseous, signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO), induces the formation of AChR aggregates on myotubes in culture. Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), which is present at the neuromuscular junction, is a common target of NO. Therefore, we hypothesized that sGC and cGMP are involved in the agrin signaling cascade. Inhibition of sGC hindered AChR aggregation in both agrin- and NO donor-treated cultured myotubes; whereas, a cGMP analogue was able to induce the formation of AChR aggregates on naive muscle cells. Due to the presence of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) at the neuromuscular junction, we tested the ability of a PKG inhibitor to alter the agrin signaling cascade. PKG inhibition did not prevent nascent AChR aggregate formation; however, these aggregates were diffuse and composed of numerous microaggregates consistent with incomplete maturation. Thus, we conclude that cGMP is important for the initiation of AChR aggregation, while PKG is involved in the maturation of AChR aggregates.
Forelimb Lameness in the Adult Patient

Lameness of the forelimb may be one of the more frustrating problems in small animal orthopedics. It is likely that numerous causes of forelimb lameness are not yet defined or well understood. The common and some less common causes of forelimb lameness are discussed as well as their means of diagnosis. The application of new diagnostic tools including arthroscopy and ultrasound are also discussed.
New Normal Project: An Intervention for Grief and Loss

Loss and the associated grief process are part of the universal human experience (Murray, 2001). The losses that lead to grief can include, but are not limited to, death, trauma, abuse, war, reloca...
Predicting Loss for Large Construction Companies

AbstractLoss is a form of financial distress that refers to total costs of a company exceeding its total revenues. The purpose of this study is to develop models to predict the occurrence of future loss for large construction companies. To ensure the models are useful to both internal and external stakeholders, the study employs a broad range of financial accounting and market variables calculated from publicly available data. The main part of the study develops two models: a full model consisting of 17 predictors, and a reduced model consisting of 11 selected predictors. Both models are developed using a training sample consisting of 959 loss firm-years and 2,313 nonloss firm-years and are validated using a test sample consisting of 368 loss firm-years and 1,035 nonloss firm-years during a sample period spanning the years 1976 to 2010. The models suggest that the level of sales revenue, average sales revenue generated by one unit of total asset, net worth per unit of fixed assets, operating expenses, lev...
Interactions between Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and heroin: self-administration in rhesus monkeys

The cannabinoid receptor agonist delta 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) enhances the antinociceptive effects of mu opioid receptor agonists, raising the possibility of using a combination of THC and opioids for treating pain. This study examined the effects of noncontingent and contingent administration of THC on i.v. heroin self-administration in rhesus monkeys. Self-administration of different unit doses of heroin (0.0001–0.1 mg/kg/infusion) generated a typical inverted U-shaped dose-response curve. In one experiment (n=4), noncontingent THC (0.1–1.0 mg/kg) dosedependently shifted the heroin dose-response curve downward in three monkeys and slightly leftward in one monkey. In a second experiment (n=4), monkeys could self-administer THC alone (0.0032–0.032 mg/kg/infusion), heroin alone, or a mixture of THC and heroin. THC alone did not maintain responding above that obtained with saline; however, increasing the THC dose with heroin dose-dependently decreased the number of infusions received and the rate of responding, as compared to data that were obtained with heroin alone. These results indicate that THC does not significantly enhance the positive reinforcing effects of heroin, further supporting the view that combining cannabinoid and opioid receptor agonists (e.g., for treating pain) does not increase, and might decrease, the abuse liability of the individual drugs.
Evaluation of Hand-Tagging Juvenile Walleyes with Binary-Coded Wire Microtags

Abstract We evaluated survivorship, tag retention, and growth of juvenile walleyes Stizostedion vitreum hand-tagged with binary-coded wire microtags (BCWMTs) or cold-branded with liquid nitrogen. A single BCWMT could be injected via the hand-tagging technique every 5–10 s and tagging with BCWMTs was superior to cold-branding. Fish with dorsally injected BCWMTs had significantly greater mean survival than the caudally injected group but not greater survival than the cold-branded group. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in survival among any of the three control groups. Microtags were retained equally well in dorsal and caudal locations, and significantly better than cold brands. Fish grew significantly in standard length during the 66-d evaluation period (P < 0.05) and increased (though not significantly) in wet weight. Treatment and control groups were not significantly different in attained size, suggesting no differential growth depression due to marking method or location.
A single-branch implicit enumeration algorithm for zero-one programs with geometrical constraints

Abstract This paper presents an algorithm for solving a class of mathematical programming problems that arise in connection with optimizing recovery from air base attacks. The problems are formulated as zero-one programs with geometrical constraints associated with quasirandom arrangements of circular craters imposed on taxiways. It is shown that efficient, computer-based enumerative methods may be employed successfully in the absence of algebraic representations for the constraints. The computational efficiency of the algorithm is characterized empirically using samples of randomly generated test problems. Rapid increase in solution time with growth in problem size is noted. A simple but effective means of decomposition to additive subproblems is described to help avoid long solution time. Finally, directions of current related research are given.
The Coordination Geometry of Water in Some Salt Hydrates

The orientations of water molecules next to metal ions in salt hydrates are useful indications of the orientations which may be expected for water molecules which are next to metal ions in aqueous solution. A survey of the data for the salt hydrates shows that a water molecule may often be tetrahedral (i.e., coordinated to the metal ion, accepting a hydrogen bond from another water molecule, and donating two hydrogen bonds) if it is next to a +1 ion, a+2 ion, or a+3 ion of the rare earth series, although apparently not for smaller +3 ions.
Die therapeutische Modifikation des Verhaltens

Alle therapeutischen Techniken haben das gleiche Endziel, namlich dem Individuum zu helfen, eine zufriedenstellendere Losung seiner Probleme zu finden. Therapie bedeutet im Prinzip, das eine Person eine andere auf eine bestimmte Art zu andern versucht.
A study of self-propagating mal-packets in sensor networks: Attacks and defenses

Since sensor applications are implemented in embedded computer systems, cyber attacks that compromise regular computer systems via exploiting memory-related vulnerabilities present similar threats to sensor networks. However, the paper shows that memory fault attacks in sensors are not the same as in regular computers due to sensor's hardware and software architecture. In contrast to worm attacks, mal-code carried by exploiting packets cannot be executed in sensors built upon Harvard architecture. Therefore, the paper proposes a range of attack approaches to illustrate that a mal-packet, which only carries specially crafted data, can exploit memory-related vulnerabilities and utilize existing application code in a sensor to propagate itself without disrupting the sensor's functionality. The paper shows that such a mal-packet can have as few as 17 bytes. A prototype of a 27-byte mal-packet has been implemented and tested in Mica2 sensors. Simulation shows that the propagation pattern of such a mal-packet in a sensor network is very different from worm propagation. Mal-packets can either quickly take over the whole network or hardly propagate under different traffic situations. The paper also develops two defense schemes (S2Guard and S2Shuffle) based on existing defense techniques to protect sensor applications. The analysis shows that they only incur a little overhead and can stop the propagation of mal-packets.
COMPETITION IN REMANUFACTURING

We present a two-period model of remanufacturing in the face of competition. In our model, an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) competes with a local remanufacturer (L) under many reverse logistics configurations for the returned items. After establishing the Nash Equilibrium in the second period sub-game, we use numerical experiments for comparative statics. OEM wants to increase L'S remanufacturing cost. Surprisingly, while L competes in the sales market, she has incentives to reduce oem's remanufacturing cost. A social planner who wants to increase remanufacturing can give incentives to the OEM to increase the fraction available for remanufacturing, or reduce his remanufacturing costs.
Spanish prepositions introducing adverbial constructions.

This study investigates the development of prepositions used in the expression of circumstances as adverbial adjuncts in the speech of three Spanish-speaking middle-class children. The study begins with the first appearance of one of these prepositions and the children are followed until age 4. In spite of the differences among the children concerning other aspects of their language development, what predominates in the present case is similarity. Both the forms and the meanings expressed turned up in much the same sequence in the speech of the three children. Yet when both form and meaning were seen together the results showed great variability; that is, each child began expressing a given circumstance by means of a different preposition. On the other hand, the circumstance most commonly expressed by means of new prepositions was place. The amount of polysemy increased with age, usually starting with a single meaning for each preposition. Expressions were found which seemed to represent intermediate stages between an early general category (co-occurrence) and the more specific semantic categories of space, instrument and company.
Learning English as an Additional Language in K-12 Schools

This special-topic issue of the TESOL Quarterly is dedicated to immigrant and native language minority learners worldwide who enter K-12 schools proficient in a language other than English and who bring with them linguistic, cultural, and social traditions that are often distinctly different from those assumed by the schools. Frequently English learners in English-speaking countries face a challenge and a prejudice that most English-speaking students rarely experience. Accordingly, our goal in this issue is to begin a new dialogue about ways language educators can collaborate with other school personnel to improve the educational experience of English learners worldwide. Exactly what changes schools need to make to accommodate linguistic and cultural diversity is an issue that involves linguicism, ethnocentrism, xenophobia, and the politics of language (see Bilingual Research Journal, 12 (1 & 2), 1992, and Skutnabb-Kangas, 1988, for discussions of these factors from U.S. and European viewpoints, respectively). We realize that a full and reasonable treatment of these matters is well
ANALYSIS OF “CHUNKED” TEST ITEMS AS MEASURES OF READING AND LISTENING COMPREHENSION1

A new type of test item was developed which required Ss to recognize groups of words, i.e., chunks, whose meaning had been changed from that in the original reading or listening passage. In one study involving 52 Ss and 20 test variables, individual differences on the chunked reading test were found to correlate .68 with a multiple-choice alternate form. In another study, the decrease in listening comprehension due to increased speech rate as measured by the chunked items was roughly parallel to the decrease as measured by the multiple-choice questions. These data were interpreted as providing evidence for the validity of the chunked items as measures of comprehension. However, other results suggested that the chunked items may be less dependent upon grammatical and vocabulary knowledge and more sensitive to within individual changes in comprehension as compared to the traditional multiple-choice question.
Unibus-managed Execution of Scientific Applications on Aggregated Clouds

Our on-going project, Unibus, aims to facilitate provisioning and aggregation of multifaceted resources from resource providers and end-users’ perspectives. To achieve that, Unibus proposes (1) the Capability Model and mediators (resource drivers) to virtualize access to diverse resources, and (2) soft and successive conditioning to enable automatic and user-transparent resource provisioning. In this paper we examine the Unibus concepts and prototype in a real situation of aggregation of two commercial clouds and execution of benchmarks on aggregated resources. We also present and discuss benchmarks’ results.
Relaxing-avalanche-mode reflection amplifier

This letter discusses a single-stage relaxing-avalanche-mode silicon p+-n-n+ reflection amplifier operating at 7.4 GHz with a small-signal gain and half-power bandwidth of 31. 5 dB and 20 MHz, respectively. A description of the amplifier and a discussion of its operation are given.
Action-Transferred Navigation Technique Design Approach Supporting Human Spatial Learning

We propose a new action-transferred design approach by which the benefits of embodied cognition and activity can be realized to enhance spatial learning and usability for navigating virtual spaces. The action-transferred design approach is supported by theories of learning, action-perception, and neuropsychology. These theories help us understand how human action can be transferred to different body parts for improving the usability of interaction techniques and why the acquired spatial knowledge using the transferred action may remain the same independent of the used body parts. The finger-walking-in-place (FWIP) navigation technique is used as a design example to demonstrate the concept of the action-transferred design approach. Leveraging 3D immersive virtual reality technology, we performed an empirical study to evaluate the performance of the action-transferred FWIP navigation technique in terms of spatial knowledge acquisition. The FWIP navigation technique was compared with a full-body-based walking-like (sensor-fusion walking-in-place; SF-WIP) navigation technique and a well-known, convenient (Joystick) navigation technique using a common input device, that is, a wand with a joystick. Both the action-transferred and the full-body-based navigation techniques were more effective for spatial learning than the navigation technique using the common input device. However, only the action-transferred FWIP navigation technique can provide users with the convenience of navigating with their fingers. These results suggest that the action-transferred design approach is useful in designing a navigation technique supporting users' spatial learning performance more effectively and conveniently. Possible design implications for broader applications are discussed and indicate that the action-transferred design approach is worth further study.
Patterns of sulfur isotope fractionation during microbial sulfate reduction

Studies of microbial sulfate reduction have suggested that the magnitude of sulfur isotope fractionation varies with sulfate concentration. Small apparent sulfur isotope fractionations preserved in Archean rocks have been interpreted as suggesting Archean sulfate concentrations of <200 μm, while larger fractionations thereafter have been interpreted to require higher concentrations. In this work, we demonstrate that fractionation imposed by sulfate reduction can be a function of concentration over a millimolar range, but that nature of this relationship depends on the organism studied. Two sulfate-reducing bacteria grown in continuous culture with sulfate concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 6 mm showed markedly different relationships between sulfate concentration and isotope fractionation. Desulfovibrio vulgaris str. Hildenborough showed a large and relatively constant isotope fractionation ((34) eSO 4-H2S ≅ 25‰), while fractionation by Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20 strongly correlated with sulfate concentration over the same range. Both data sets can be modeled as Michaelis-Menten (MM)-type relationships but with very different MM constants, suggesting that the fractionations imposed by these organisms are highly dependent on strain-specific factors. These data reveal complexity in the sulfate concentration-fractionation relationship. Fractionation during MSR relates to sulfate concentration but also to strain-specific physiological parameters such as the affinity for sulfate and electron donors. Previous studies have suggested that the sulfate concentration-fractionation relationship is best described with a MM fit. We present a simple model in which the MM fit with sulfate concentration and hyperbolic fit with growth rate emerge from simple physiological assumptions. As both environmental and biological factors influence the fractionation recorded in geological samples, understanding their relationship is critical to interpreting the sulfur isotope record. As the uptake machinery for both sulfate and electrons has been subject to selective pressure over Earth history, its evolution may complicate efforts to uniquely reconstruct ambient sulfate concentrations from a single sulfur isotopic composition.
Psychophysiological responding during script-driven imagery in people reporting abduction by space aliens.

Is recollection of highly improbable traumatic experiences accompanied by psychophysiological responses indicative of intense emotion? To investigate this issue, we measured heart rate, skin conductance, and left lateral frontalis electro-myographic responses in individuals who reported having been abducted by space aliens. Recordings of these participants were made during script-driven imagery of their reported alien encounters and of other stressful, positive, and neutral experiences they reported. We also measured the psychophysiological responses of control participants while they heard the scripts of the abductees. We predicted that if “memories” of alien abduction function like highly stressful memories, then psycho-physiological reactivity to the abduction and stressful scripts would be greater than reactivity to the positive and neutral scripts, and this effect would be more pronounced among abductees than among control participants. Contrast analyses confirmed this prediction for all three physio...
The Wave Mechanics of an Atom with a Non-Coulomb Central Field. Part I. Theory and Methods

The paper is concerned with the practical determination of the characteristic values and functions of the wave equation of Schrodinger for a non-Coulomb central field, for which the potential is given as a function of the distance r from the nucleus.The method used is to integrate a modification of the equation outwards from initial conditions corresponding to a solution finite at r = 0, and inwards from initial conditions corresponding to a solution zero at r = ∞, with a trial value of the parameter (the energy) whose characteristic values are to be determined; the values of this parameter for which the two solutions fit at some convenient intermediate radius are the characteristic values required, and the solutions which so fit are the characteristic functions (§§ 2, 10).Modifications of the wave equation suitable for numerical work in different parts of the range of r are given (§§ 2, 3, 5), also exact equations for the variation of a solution with a variation in the potential or of the trial value of the energy (§ 4); the use of these variation equations in preference to a complete new integration of the equation for every trial change of field or of the energy parameter avoids a great deal of numerical work.For the range of r where the deviation from a Coulomb field is inappreciable, recurrence relations between different solutions of the wave equations which are zero at r = ∞, and correspond to terms with different values of the effective and subsidiary quantum numbers, are given and can be used to avoid carrying out the integration in each particular case (§§ 6, 7).Formulae for the calculation of first order perturbations due to the relativity variation of mass and to the spinning electron are given (§ 8).The method used for integrating the equations numerically is outlined (§ 9).
A 54–84 GHz CMOS SPST switch with 35 dB isolation

This paper presents a hybrid design based, CMOS millimeter-wave (mm-wave) single-polar single-throw (SPST) switch. The circuit design starts from the analysis and optimization of a distributed structure, while implemented using coupled lump elements for performance improvement and area-efficient layout. Moreover, a specific bias scheme is used to further decrease insertion loss by more than 0.5 dB. This SPST switch achieves higher than 35 dB isolation over an ultra-wide frequency range, from 54 GHz to 84 GHz, a minimum 1.7 dB insertion loss, and <−10 dB return loss with 0.012 mm2 chip area in 65 nm CMOS. This design achieves more than 10 dB enhancement of isolation by comparing with state-of-the-arts while maintaining similar insertion loss.
The Reasons for Heavy Drinking Questionnaire: Factor Structure and Validity in Alcohol-Dependent Adults Involved in Clinical Trials.

Objective:People consume alcohol at problematic levels for many reasons. These different motivational pathways may have different biological underpinnings. Valid, brief measures that discriminate individuals’ reasons for drinking could facilitate inquiry into whether varied drinking motivations account for differential response to pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorders. The current study evaluated the factor structure and predictive validity of a brief measure of alcohol use motivations developed for use in randomized clinical trials, the Reasons for Heavy Drinking Questionnaire (RHDQ).Method:The RHDQ was administered before treatment to 265 participants (70% male) with alcohol dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, in three pharmacotherapy randomized clinical trials. Principal components analysis was used in half the sample to determine the RHDQ factor structure. This structure was verified with confirmatory factor analysis in the second ha...
Effect of Different Sand/soil Ratio on Soil Water-holding Characteristic of Sports Turf Rootzone

Selecting a reasonable rootzone is one of crucial technology for construction of sport turf.The experiment designed 11 sand/soil ratioes,from 0 to 100kg 100kg-1 sand/(sand+soil).The plots were constructed within 1×1×0.5m3 polyethylene boxes supported by legged,metal framework.The soil water-holding characteristics were researched though pressure-membrane mothed.The results showed that water characteristic curves of different sand/soil ratio rootzones could be regressed evidently by power function θ=AS-B(P=0.001).With sand content increasing,soil water content reduced and water characteristic curves droped gradually at same soil suction.According to the appearing sequence of 10-2 level of Cθ,the water supplying capability of 11 treatments were divided three groups.Validity of soil water were affected remarkably by mechanical composition of mixing rootzone and showed different changes rule.
Water loop heat pump system in underground engineering

To solve the problem of the incapable temperture adjustment and the great energy waste of centralized air-conditioning system in underground engineering,the feasibility of water loop heat pump(WLHP) system was studied.Given that the deficiency exists in traditional cooling way of water loop heat pump(WLHP) system and that the temperture of groundwater is between 7 and 26 grade in underground engineering,the underground storage tanks and the air-cooled heat pump units were used to replace the cooling tower whose law was analyzed.At the same time,the combining run of the water system of WLHP and the cooling water system of the operation room in underground engineering was probed to make use of the waste heat in the power station.
IgE anti-Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) antibodies detected in serum of Hib-vaccinated asthmatic and non-asthmatic pediatric patients.

BACKGROUND Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) bacterium causes severe illness in infants and children, but has largely been eliminated by introducing a universal Hib conjugate vaccine. While effects of certain vaccinations on atopic disease have been studied, little is known about the relationship between Hib vaccination and diseases of altered immunoglobulin E (IgE) regulation (asthma or atopy). As such, it is necessary to provide more evidence concerning Hib vaccination as a possible risk factor for atopic disease. METHODS Total serum IgE and IgE-and IgG-anti-Hib antibody responses were studied in Hib vaccinated asthmatic (N.=14) and non-asthmatic children (N=26) (VaccZyme™ Human Anti Hib Enzyme Immunoassay Kit). Data are reported as mean optical density (OD) values. RESULTS We found that: 1) total serum IgE levels were higher in asthmatic compared with non-asthmatic subjects (389±125 vs. 125±129, P<0.001); 2) IgE and IgG anti-Hib antibody responses were similar in both asthmatic and non-asthmatic subjects (0.722±0.279 and 0.681±0.280, respectively; P=0.65; 0.450±0.505 and 0.573±0.779, respectively; P=0.580). CONCLUSIONS The universal Hib vaccine antigen did not result in either increased IgE, or IgG anti-Hib antibody responses in asthmatic or non-asthmatics subjects. Thus, in this cohort, no association between Hib vaccination and asthma status was identified.
Effect of preweaning nutritional management on yearling weight response in an open-herd selection program.

Records on 276 progeny were collected in the final 2 yr (1984 and 1985) of an 8-yr Hereford cattle selection project. Selection was practiced using the top sires from the American Hereford Association's National Cattle Evaluation based on yearling weight expected progeny difference. An unselected control line was maintained to monitor environmental change. One-half of each line was creep-fed during the preweaning period for the last 2 yr to evaluate genotype x environment interactions. Direct response to yearling weight selection averaged 28 +/- 8 kg. Correlated response to selection amounted to .057 +/- .028 kg/d in preweaning ADG, 14 +/- 6 kg in weaning weight, .085 +/- .033 kg/d in postweaning ADG, 4.6 +/- 1.5 cm in yearling hip height and 11.2 +/- 3.0 cm2 in yearling pelvic area. Yearling fat thickness and scrotal circumference were not significantly affected by selection. Significant effects of creep feeding were observed for yearling weight (15 +/- 3 kg), preweaning ADG (.067 +/- .012 kg/d), weaning weight (13 +/- 2 kg), yearling hip height (1.2 +/- .5 cm) and yearling fat thickness (.07 +/- .03 cm). Postweaning ADG, yearling pelvic area and yearling scrotal circumference were not affected by creep feeding. No significant genetic group x creep feeding effects were found for any of the traits analyzed, indicating calves genetically superior for growth did not gain any additional advantage from creep feeding.
Conclusion: An Endless Evolution

The widespread evidence of significant military developments in technology and tactics across many geographic areas and in different historical periods lends support to a theory of a persistent, global, and endless evolutionary process in military affairs. This conceptualization of military progress should replace the notion of a unique and exclusively Western Military Revolution during the Early Modern period. The notion of a Military Revolution has outlived its usefulness as an instrument of historical inquiry.
Pathways for insulin access to the brain: the role of the microvascular endothelial cell

Insulin affects multiple important central nervous system (CNS) functions including memory and appetite, yet the pathway(s) by which insulin reaches brain interstitial fluid (bISF) has not been clarified. Recent studies demonstrate that to reach bISF, subarachnoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) courses through the Virchow-Robin space (VRS) which sheaths penetrating pial vessels down to the capillary level. Whether insulin predominantly enters the VRS and bISF by local transport through the blood-brain barrier, or by being secreted into the CSF by the choroid plexus, is unknown. We injected 125I-TyrA14-insulin or regular insulin intravenously and compared the rates of insulin reaching subarachnoid CSF with its plasma clearance by brain tissue samples (an index of microvascular endothelial cell binding/uptake/transport). The latter process was more than 40-fold more rapid. We then showed that selective insulin receptor blockade or 4 wk of high-fat feeding each inhibited microvascular brain 125I-TyrA14-insulin clearance. We further confirmed that 125I-TyrA14-insulin was internalized by brain microvascular endothelial cells, indicating that the in vivo tissue association reflected cellular transport, not simply microvascular tracer binding.
Graphons and Machine Learning: Modeling and Estimation of Sparse Massive Networks

There are numerous examples of sparse massive networks, in particular the Internet, WWW and online social networks. How do we model and learn these networks? In contrast to conventional learning problems, where we have many independent samples, it is often the case for these networks that we can get only one independent sample. How do we use a single snapshot today to learn a model for the network, and therefore be able to predict a similar, but larger network in the future? In the case of relatively small or moderately sized networks, it's appropriate to model the network parametrically, and attempt to learn these parameters. For massive networks, a non-parametric representation is more appropriate. In this talk, we first review the theory of graphons, developed over the last decade to describe limits of dense graphs, and the more the recent theory describing sparse graphs of unbounded average degree, including power-law graphs. We then show how to use these graphons as non-parametric models for sparse networks. Finally, we show how to get consistent estimators of these non-parametric models, and moreover how to do this in a way that protects the privacy of individuals on the network.
The Bible As A Green Text

With an increasing debate over human impact on the environment, can we look at how the environment can be treated through a Christian perspective? Pope Francis, in the Roman Catholic tradition, has paved the way with Laudato Si and given much to think about. Is the Bible fundamentally a ‘Green’ text? Have people been misinterpreting the message on how to care for the environment? This essay will examine what theologians have said in regards to the Bible and the environment and conclude that in the Bible we can find it to be a ‘Green’ text.
Situational Awareness in Industrial Control Systems

This chapter discusses Situation Awareness (SA)—science, technology and practice of human perception, comprehension and projection of events and entities in the relevant environment—in our case cyber defense of ICS. The chapter delves into SA’s scope, and its roles in the success of the mission carried out by the cyber-physical-human system (CPHS) and processes that an Industrial Control System (ICS) or Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system supports. Such control systems provide the cyber-physical-human couplings needed to collect information from various sensors and devices and provide a reporting and control interface for effective human-in-the-loop involvement in managing and securing the physical elements of production and critical infrastructure. ICS implementations are involved at various scales necessary for the proper functioning of our society, including water distribution, electrical power, and sewage systems (Smith 2014). Civil society depends upon such systems to be properly operated, and malicious cybersecurity threats to ICS have the potential to cause great harm. The characteristics of ICS environments add additional considerations and challenges for defenders. Cybersecurity operations typically require a human analyst to understand the network environment and the attackers. In defending an ICS environment, however, an analyst must also understand the physical dimension of the ICS environment. This poses serious challenges to maintaining cybersecurity and SA as it spans the human, cyber, and physical dimensions and a myriad of possible interactions and exploits. Maintaining SA is critical to the cybersecurity of an ICS. This chapter addresses the specific challenges posed by the physical, cyber, and human dimensions that must be considered and understood in order for human analysts to best assess and understand the requirements to successfully defend against potential attacks. We demonstrate that these requirements can be defined as focal features for developing and maintaining SA for the cyber analyst in ICS environments.
STEM: A Scheme for Two-Phase Evaluation of Majority Logic

The switching time of a magnet in a spin-current-based majority gate depends on the input vector combination, and this often restricts the speed of majority-based circuits. To address this issue, this work proposes a novel two-phase scheme to implement majority logic and evaluates it on an all-spin logic (ASL) majority-based logic structures. In Phase 1, the output is initialized to a preset value. Next, in Phase 2, the inputs are evaluated to switch the output magnet to its correct value. The time window for the output to switch in Phase 2 is fixed. Using such a scheme, an $n$ -input AND gate that requires a total of ( $2n-1$ ) inputs in the conventional implementation can now be implemented with only ( $n+1$ ) inputs. When applied to standard logic functions, it is demonstrated that the proposed method of designing ASL gates is 1.6–3.4 $\times$ faster and 1.9–6.9 $\times$ more energy efficient than the conventional method, and for a five-magnet full adder, it is shown that the proposed ASL implementation is 1.5 $\times$ faster, 2.2 $\times$ more energy efficient, and provides a 16% improvement in area.
The Electronic Structure of Refractory Metals, Compounds, and Alloys

I would like to make it clear that I am approaching this subject as an experimentalist, not a theoretician. Because of their success in the case of closed d shell elements, we are developing confidence in using the results of APW calculations for the interpretation of experimental data on the transsition metals and their compounds. I feel that, at the present time, the theoreticians are too far ahead and that we are in dire need of clear experimental data on those materials before the theoreticians can revise their calculations in a meaningful manner.
The Genetic Code and RNA-Amino Acid Affinities

A significant part of the genetic code likely originated via a chemical interaction, which should be experimentally verifiable. One possible verification relates bound amino acids (or perhaps their activated congeners) and ribonucleotide sequences within cognate RNA binding sites. To introduce this interaction, I first summarize how amino acids function as targets for RNA binding. Then the experimental method for selecting relevant RNA binding sites is characterized. The selection method's characteristics are related to the investigation of the RNA binding site model treated at the outset. Finally, real binding sites from selection and also from extant natural RNAs (for example, the Sulfobacillus guanidinium riboswitch) are connected to the genetic code, and by extension, to the evolutionary progression that produced the code. During this process, peptides may have been produced directly on an instructive amino acid binding RNA (a DRT; Direct RNA Template). Combination of observed stereochemical selectivity with adaptation and co-evolutionary refinement is logically required, and also potentially sufficient, to create the striking order conserved throughout the present coding table.
Classic Conjectures Allow Young Mathematicians to Commence Research

The four classic conjectures of mathematics presented here are still open. They appear together with trains of thought that lead to them and relevant partial results. This material shows how strongly problems of mathematical Olympiads in general, and the Colorado Mathematical Olympiad in particular, are interwoven with the forefront of mathematics, and influence each other. These conjectures are “classic” because they are easy to understand and hard to prove or disprove. They are accessible to young high school and college mathematicians and allow students to commence research and creative work in mathematics.
Recognizing cigarette smoke inhalations using hidden Markov models

Previous studies with the Personal Automatic Cigarette Tracker (PACT) wearable system have found that smoking presents a distinct temporal breathing pattern, which might be well-suited for recognition by hidden Markov models (HMMs). In this work, we explored the feasibility of using HMMs to characterize the temporal information of smoking inhalations contained in the respiratory signals such as tidal volume, airflow, and the signal from the hand-to-mouth proximity sensor. Left-to-right HMMs were built to classify smoking and non-smoking inhalations using either only the respiratory signals, or both respiratory and hand proximity signals. Using a data set of 20 subjects, a leave-one-out cross-validation was performed on each HMM. In the recognition of smoke inhalations, the highest average recall, precision and F-score perceived by the HMMs was 42.39%, 88.19% and 56.38%, respectively, providing a 7.3% improvement in recall against a previously reported Support Vector Machines.
Life in the C-Suite 2.0

An introduction to the new Life in the C-Suite column, which will help C-level executives understand the vast digital world in which they live, and how they should leverage digital technology into their business processes and business models.
Harvesting the Academic Landscape: Streamlining the Ingestion of Professional Scholarship Metadata into the Institutional Repository

INTRODUCTION Although librarians initially hoped institutional repositories (IRs) would grow through researcher self-archiving, practice shows that growth is much more likely through library-directed deposit. Libraries must then find efficient ways to ingest material into their IR to ensure growth and relevance. DESCRIPTION OF PROGRAM Valparaiso University developed and implemented a workflow that was semiautomated to help cut down on the time needed to ingest articles into its IR, ValpoScholar. The workflow, which continues to be refined, makes use of practices and ideas used by other repositories to more efficiently collect metadata for items and upload them to the repository. NEXT STEPS The article discusses the pros and cons of this workflow and areas of ingesting that still need to be addressed, including adding full-text items, checking copyright policies, managing student staffing, and dealing with hurdles created by the repository’s software.