cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
CAN HEDGE-FUND RETURNS BE REPLICATED?: THE LINEAR CASE

In contrast to traditional investments such as stocks and bonds, hedge-fund returns have more complex risk exposures that yield additional and complementary sources of risk premia. This raises the possibility of creating passive replicating portfolios or “clones” using liquid exchange-traded instruments that provide similar risk exposures at lower cost and with greater transparency. By using monthly returns data for 1610 hedge funds in the TASS database from 1986 to 2005, we estimate linear factor models for individual hedge funds using six common factors, and measure the proportion of the funds’ expected returns and volatility that are attributable to such factors. For certain hedge-fund style categories, we find that a significant fraction of both can be captured by common factors corresponding to liquid exchange-traded instruments. While the performance of linear clones is often inferior to their hedge-fund counterparts, they perform well enough to warrant serious consideration as passive, transparent, scalable, and lower-cost alternatives to hedge funds.
Public Policy Considerations for Data-Driven Innovation

To achieve the maximum benefits from data-driven innovation, policymakers must take into account the possibility that regulation could preclude economic and societal benefits. The proposed framework for policy discussions examines three main areas of policy interest: privacy and security, ownership and transfer, and infrastructure and data civics. The Web extra at http://youtu.be/8GzGcM0aud8 is a video in which author Jess Hemerly expands on her article "Public Policy Considerations for Data-Driven Innovation," in which she discusses how regulation could preclude some of the economic and societal benefits of data-driven innovation.
A distributed self spreading algorithm for mobile wireless sensor networks

Sensor deployment is an important problem in mobile wireless sensor networks. This paper presents a distributed self deployment algorithm for mobile sensors. Performance metrics to evaluate algorithm performance are coverage, uniformity, time and distance traveled till the algorithm converges. Our algorithm is compared with a simulated annealing based algorithm for deployment and is shown to exhibit excellent performance.
The shape and dynamics of a heliotropic dusty ringlet in the Cassini Division

Abstract The so-called “Charming Ringlet” (R/2006 S3) is a low-optical-depth, dusty ringlet located in the Laplace gap in the Cassini Division, roughly 119,940 km from Saturn center. This ringlet is particularly interesting because its radial position varies systematically with longitude relative to the Sun in such a way that the ringlet’s geometric center appears to be displaced away from Saturn’s center in a direction roughly toward the Sun. In other words, the ringlet is always found at greater distances from the planet’s center at longitudes near the sub-solar longitude than it is at longitudes near Saturn’s shadow. This “heliotropic” behavior indicates that the dynamics of the particles in this ring are being influenced by solar radiation pressure. In order to investigate this phenomenon, which has been predicted theoretically but not observed this clearly, we analyze multiple image sequences of this ringlet obtained by the Cassini spacecraft in order to constrain its shape and orientation. These data can be fit reasonably well with a model in which both the eccentricity and the inclination of the ringlet have “forced” components (that maintain a fixed orientation relative to the Sun) as well as “free” components (that drift around the planet at steady rates determined by Saturn’s oblateness). The best-fit value for the eccentricity forced by the Sun is 0.000142 ± 0.000004, assuming this component of the eccentricity has its pericenter perfectly anti-aligned with the Sun. These data also place an upper limit on a forced inclination of 0.0007°. Assuming the forced inclination is zero and the forced eccentricity vector is aligned with the anti-solar direction, the best-fit values for the free components of the eccentricity and inclination are 0.000066 ± 0.000003 and 0.0014 ± 0.0001°, respectively. While the magnitude of the forced eccentricity is roughly consistent with theoretical expectations for radiation pressure acting on 10-to-100-μm-wide icy grains, the existence of significant free eccentricities and inclinations poses a significant challenge for models of low-optical-depth dusty rings.
An ILAN-ISDN gateway

The authors focus on a gateway design for the interconnection of ILAN (integrated local area network) and ISDN (integrated services digital network). A key question is how to maintain the quality of service for each class of traffic as guaranteed by both networks. The emphasis of the study is on the main issues involved in the interconnection of MAGNET (a network testbed at Columbia University) to PBX through a standard ISDN user-network interface. One issue, in particular, is the protocol conversion to resolve the incompatibilities, e.g. transforming voice between packet-switched form and circuit-switched form. A multilayer protocol conversion model is proposed which provides equivalent service at different layers for each class of traffic. Another issue is the development of a high-performance gateway architecture. A multimicroprocessor system architecture which exploits most parallel features in the execution of protocol conversion functions is also presented. >
Testing road surface treatments to reduce erosion in forest roads in Honduras.

S. Rivera, J.L. Kershner, and G.R. Keller. 2009. Testing road surface treatments to reduce erosion in forest roads in Honduras. Cien. Inv. Agr. 36(3):425-432. Using forest roads produces more erosion and sedimentation than any other forest or agricultural activity. This study evaluated soil losses from a forest road in central Honduras over two consecutive years. We divided a 400-m segment of road into 8 experimental units, each 50 m in length. Four units were treated with Best Management Practices (BMPs) and four were left untreated. The BMP treatments included reshaping the road prism, installing culverts and reshaping of road ditches, compacting 20-cm layers of the road tread, crowning the road surface (3% slope, double drainage), longitudinal sloping (less than 12%), and adding a 10-cm layer of gravel (crush size = 0.63 cm). Soil movement was measured daily during the rainy seasons. The highest soil loss occurred in the control road, around 500 m 3 -1 per year, while the road treated with BMP lost approximately 225 m 3 -1 per year. These results show that road surface erosion can be reduced up to 50% with the implementation of surface treatments.
3,3′,5,5′-Tetra­bromo-4,4′-dihydroxy­biphen­yl

The dihedral angle between the benzene rings in the title compound, C13H6Cl6O, is 49.06 (8)°. The molecule has crystallographic twofold rotation symmetry.
Performance of CDMA forward channels with random puncturing

In IS-95 and cdma2000 systems, some coded data symbols are randomly punctured after interleaving to provide a feedback path for power control of reverse link. The positions of the power control bits (PCB) are randomly selected within one power control group (PCG), and the number of punctured symbols is fixed within a frame. This can cause non-negligible performance degradation of the code used for the data channel. In this paper, we present a performance upper bound for the CDMA forward channels with convolutional codes and random puncturing from the average weight enumerator of the code. For long frames with many puncturing patterns, we also present a simple approximation to the performance.
Two-Flux Green's Function Analysis for Transient Spectral Radiation in a Composite

An analysis is developed for obtaining transient temperatures in a two-layer semitransparent composite with spectrally dependent properties. Each external boundary of the composite is subjected to radiation and convection. The two-flux radiative transfer equations are solved by deriving a Green's function. This yields the local radiative heat source needed to numerically solve the transient energy equation. An advantage of the two-flux method is that isotropic scattering is included without added complexity. The layer refractive indices are larger than one. This produces internal reflections at the boundaries and the internal interface; the reflections are assumed diffuse. Spectral results using the Green's function method are verified by comparing with numerical solutions using the exact radiative transfer equations. Transient temperature distributions are given to illustrate the effect of radiative heating on one side of a composite with external convective cooling. The protection of a material from incident radiation is illustrated by adding scattering to the layer adjacent to the radiative source.
Expression of Two Soybean Vegetative Storage Protein Genes during Development and in Response to Water Deficit, Wounding, and Jasmonic Acid

The expression of vspA and vspB genes encoding soybean vegetative storage proteins was studied during seedling development and in response to water deficit, tissue wounding, and jasmonic acid treatment. vspA and vspB encode VSP-a and VSP-8, 28-kilodalton and 31-kilodalton vacuole-localized polypeptides that are 80% homologous. vspA and vsp6 mRNAs could be distinguished on RNA blots using 3’-end probes. vspA mRNA was threefold to sevenfold more abundant than vsp6 mRNA in leaves, about equal expression was observed in stems, and vsp6 mRNA exceeded vspA in roots. Transcripts were not detected in dry seeds but appeared in intact or excised seedling axes between 12 hr and 24 hr after initiation of imbibition. Both transcripts were highly abundant in the meristematic region of seedling stems and in developing leaves but were rare in mature stems, leaves, and roots. In situ localization showed that vsp transcripts were found throughout the hypocotyl hook but were concentrated in cells associated with the epidermis and vascular bundles. Water deficit caused increased vsp mRNA levels in leaves and stems, which suggests that inhibition of growth necessitates temporary storage of amino acids. Wounding induced primarily vsp6 mRNA in etiolated seedlings, whereas both vspA and vsp6 mRNA levels increased in wounded leaves. Jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate were potent inducers of vsp gene expression in cell cultures, developing axes, leaves, and roots. We hypothesize that jasmonic acid levels modulate vsp mRNA abundance in vivo.
Is forest fragmentation driven by the spatial configuration of land quality? The case of western Oregon.

Abstract We investigated spatial configuration of economic returns, to enhance models of forest fragmentation for western Oregon and western Washington. Drawing from spatial land rent theory, economic drivers of forest fragmentation at the landscape level include land quality comprised of attributes such as soil fertility or the distance of urban plots to amenities. We included the spatial configuration of land quality as independent variables in regressions for western Oregon. Results indicate that land quality fragmentation is a significant determinant of forest fragmentation. This holds both for a model using a forest fragmentation index composed of three fragmentation metrics, and separate models for each component or metric: percent non-forest, percent edge, and interspersion. Including land quality fragmentation as an explanatory variable increases the fit of the regressions by more when the dependent variable represents spatial pattern (e.g., percent edge) rather than aggregate land use (e.g., percent non-forest). Variables capturing the spatial configuration of soil quality improve the fit of all specifications and have some effect in terms of bias of other parameter estimates. Improved understanding of key determinants will aid in designing land conservation policies that provide a mechanism for aligning private incentives with broader public goals.
Stability of magnetohydrodynamic shock waves

The stability of oblique magnetohycirodynamic shock waves is studied with respect to a disturbance that excites magneto-acoustic waves. The problem is solved numerically by the normal mode analysis and it is shown that slow shocks are unstable in the sense that the disturbance grows exponentially with time. Growth rates are calculated for a particular Mach number and for different values of the magnetic field and obliqueness. The fast shock appears to be stable.
Distributed formation control for collaborative tracking of manifolds in flows

We address the development of a distributed control strategy for tracking Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) in a geophysical fluid environment like the ocean. LCS are time-dependent structures that divide the flow into dynamically distinct regions and are important because they enable the estimation of the underlying geophysical fluid dynamics. In this work, we present a distributed formation control strategy designed to track stable and unstable manifolds. We build on our existing work and present an N-robot leader-follower tracking strategy that relies solely on local sensing, prediction, and correction. Our approach treats the N-robot team as a deformable body where distributed formation control for tracking coherent structures and manifolds is achieved using a sequence of homogeneous maps. We discuss the theoretical guarantees of the proposed strategy and validate it in simulation on static flows as well as the time-dependent model of a wind-driven double-gyre often seen in the ocean.
A 3V, 4.25Gb/s laser driver with 0.4V output voltage compliance

The design of a 155Mb/s-4.25Gb/s laser driver in SiGe BiCMOS is described. A large output voltage compliance range that allows DC coupling to the laser diode is achieved with a translinear pseudodifferential output driver. Active back-termination is provided at the modulation output pins. Careful design of the level shift stage affords low deterministic jitter over a very wide range of bit rates. The dynamic performance is preserved over a wide range of modulation current with a segmented driver slice scheme.
Zimpherus nancae Miller and Wheeler (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae: Bidessini), New Genus and New Species from Venezuela

Abstract Zimpherus nancae Miller and Wheeler, new genus and new species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Hydroporinae: Bidessini) is described from Cerro de Neblina, Amazonas, Venezuela. Habitus, male genitalia, and other diagnostic features are illustrated.
On scaling up sensitive data auditing

This paper studies the following problem: given (1) a query and (2) a set of sensitive records, find the subset of records "accessed" by the query. The notion of a query accessing a single record is adopted from prior work. There are several scenarios where the number of sensitive records is large (in the millions). The novel challenge addressed in this work is to develop a general-purpose solution for complex SQL that scales in the number of sensitive records. We propose efficient techniques that improves upon straightforward alternatives by orders of magnitude. Our empirical evaluation over the TPC-H benchmark data illustrates the benefits of our techniques.
Data acquisition system and methodology for high angle of attack parameter estimation

A digital data acquisition system has been flight tested in a Schweizer 2-32 sailplane and the algorithms, designed for high angle of attack parameter identification, are described in this paper. The system is portable and self-contained. Inertial sensors are mounted in a strapdown unit. Two Kiel-probes are used for airspeed measurement. "Off-the- shelf" microelectronics components are configured to operate as a multiprocessing system. The on-board computing power is used to monitor the sensor and support system and to improve flight test effectiveness. The Estimation-Before-Modeling technique has been selected for parameter identification. A time history of a flight test maneuver that will be used in the estimation of the aerodynamic parameters is also presented.
Spaceport Simulation Models Integration

The Virtual Test Bed (VTB) is a distributed simulation environment for spaceport modeling. Using the High-Level Architecture (HLA) and integration frameworks based on software agents and the eXtensible Modeling Language (XML), this environment presents the integration process and implementation of several models of the operations taking place at a National Space and Aeronautics Administration (NASA) spaceport, before, during and after a Space Shuttle launch. Having a distributed environment is a needed feature of the simulation system due to the nature of the models since the operations modeled can in many instances be based at different geographic locations. The following operations are modeled and integrated: weather operations, range operations, launch probability operations, control room operations, and space shuttle model hardware processes and operations.
Offering variety: a subtle manipulation to promote healthy food choice throughout the day.

OBJECTIVE Providing a variety of food generally increases consumption and enjoyment. This effect is typically associated with unhealthy behavior (e.g., overindulgence at a buffet) and studied during a single meal. Two studies tested whether this effect can be leveraged in a subtle, simple manipulation to promote healthy food choices over the course of a day. METHOD In Studies 1 and 2, 188 and 187 participants, respectively, chose between a sweet and a piece of fruit in the afternoon. The fruit was either the same as or different from fruit that was selected in the morning; choice was not given in the morning. Study 1 tested this effect in the domain of expressed preferences and Study 2 examined actual choice. RESULTS In both studies, a second piece of fruit was more likely to be selected in the afternoon if it was different from fruit that was selected in the morning. CONCLUSIONS These results illustrate how a robust effect that is typically associated with unhealthy outcomes can be harnessed to promote healthy food choices and underscore the importance of conceptualizing eating as a series of interrelated behavioral decisions. This work has implications for applied settings, such as cafeterias, and is distinguished from other simple structural manipulations by its focus on sustaining healthy food choice over the course of the day. (PsycINFO Database Record
Form and Cognition: How to Go Out of Your Mind

L'A. defend la these selon laquelle la metaphysique aristotelo-thomiste de la cognition rend compte de la relation entre l'esprit et le monde en respectant l'integrite de chaque partie. Distinguant les differents sens du terme connaissance chez Saint Thomas d'Aquin, l'un designant la cognitio comme concept epistemique elementaire, l'autre designant la scientia comme connaissance dans sa forme paradigmatique, l'A. montre que la theorie aristotelo-thomiste de la connaissance peut repondre a des problemes modernes et contemporains concernant les questions epistemologiques de la conceptualisation et du jugement
Nonlinear Absorption in Quantum Confined Semiconductors

We show how the semiconductor band structure influences the size dependence trends of two-photon absorption in quantum dots. We demonstrate, via two-photon spectroscopy, that parity symmetry does not hold in small lead-chalcogenides quantum-dots
The mission as a master signifier: Documentary film, social change and discourse analysis

This field note explores the ways in which the documentary MIND ZONE: Therapists Behind the Front Lines (2014), directed by Dr. Jan Haaken, moves viewers into innovative and critical stances towards the U.S. military mental health program. Using a discourse analysis of the film and transcripts of interviews conducted by Haaken, I trace the deployment of the term “the mission” to show how the film teases apart problematic military discursive practices. Jacques Lacan’s theory of the four discourses is used to analyze how MIND ZONE’s content challenges audiences to produce their own critically informed opinions.
How Not to Get the Lead Out—Lead Service Line Replacement Will Not Solve Our Drinking Water Crisis

Since the water crisis erupted in Flint, Michigan, over lead in the water, there have been numerous calls to replace lead pipes used to bring water into the home. This is likely to do little, if anything, to reduce the detection of lead in drinking water under EPA sampling protocols. The problem is that the standard 1-l sample draws only from the first 10 to 22 ft of the pipe, not enough to reach the service line. The lead most likely comes from interior plumbing. Unless we find the actual sources of the lead, we may be in the same crisis position years from now after spending billions of dollars.
Nitric oxide synthesis inhibition enhances bupivacaine cardiotoxicity.

Background and Objectives There is evidence that local anesthetic-induced seizures may be mediated by receptors for N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) which activate production of nitric oxide (NO). The objective of this study was to determine the effects, if any, of inhibition of NO synthesis on the responses of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems to bupivacaine. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to two groups. The lightly anesthetized (0.5% halothane, 70% nitrous oxide) and paralyzed (doxacurium) animals were given Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NO synthase inhibitor, 2 mg/kg/min (n = 6) or saline (n = 5) intravenously for 30 minutes. Then bupivacaine was administered intravenously (2 mg/kg/min) to both groups of animals until asystole. Arterial blood samples for bupivacaine concentration analysis (by high-pressure liquid chromatography) were taken during the stabilization period and during local anesthetic infusion. Student9s t-test was used to determine significant differences (P Results Average doses of bupivacaine that produced arrhythmias and asystole were remarkably lower in L-NAME-treated than in saline-treated rats (arrhythmia, 5.1 ± 2.0 vs 15.8 ± 3.8 mg/kg; asystole, 15.9 ± 3.2 vs 27.8 ± 6.1 mg/kg; both P Conclusions These results suggest that NO synthase inhibition by L-NAME enhances the cardiac toxicity of bupivacaine, probably by a pharmacokinetic action, and reduces its central nervous system toxicity, probably by a pharmacodynamic action.
Continuous Bedload Sampling

An acoustic bedload sensor was designed and developed as a part of the program. Its operation is based on the fact that sand at rest must dilate before moving and remain dilated in motion. Thus, it is possible to obtain reflections from the surface of the moving sand as well as from the layer at rest due to the different acoustic properties of the stationary and dilated sand.
Conclusion: Cohabitation and Policymaking in Comparative Context

This book emerged from the realization of a void in the literature on semi-presidentialism. Despite the vast number of publications that treat semi-presidential institutions as an independent variable, very few look at their effect on the policy process, and those that do either lack theoretical foundations or empirics. This lack of scholarly attention seems particularly puzzling, given the volume of research conducted on policymaking efficiency in the US presidential system, notably during periods of split-party government. Knowing to what extent the impact of US style divided government on policy processes and outputs carried over to cohabitation therefore imposed itself as a worthwhile and important object of study. This book aimed at treating this question comprehensively. In it, I presented a theory of the policymaking process that highlighted how the institutional mechanics of a split executive affected the crafting and enactment of major legislation. This theory was later supported using both qualitative and quantitative data on policymaking in France under periods of unified government and cohabitation.
Ethnic Group Differences in Health Outcomes Among Asian American Men in California.

The numbers of Asian American men are continually increasing, yet limited research exists on this understudied population. Addressing this lack of research is necessary to better inform how best to improve quality of care. This study examined health outcome differences across ethnically diverse groups of Asian American men in California, compared with non-Hispanic White men. Using data from the 2007, 2009, and 2011-2012 California Health Interview Survey, distributions of health status and health-related characteristics across (n = 43,030) racial/ethnic groups of men (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, Vietnamese, Other Asian Americans, and non-Hispanic Whites) were calculated. Compared with non-Hispanic Whites, odds of reporting fair or poor health were higher among Vietnamese, while odds of diabetes were higher among Korean, Filipino, and Other Asian Americans. Odds of high blood pressure were higher among Filipino and Vietnamese but lower among Other Asian Americans, while odds of disability were low...
Innovating at the Nexus of Impact and Improvement Leading Educational Improvement Networks

In late 2015, the passage of the Every Student Succeeds Act strengthened federal commitment to the use of evidence in educational innovation, focusing squarely on increasing the impact of innovation on educational outcomes. Concurrently, articles published in Educational Researcher examined new potential to increase the success of educational innovation through researcher-practitioner collaboration, focusing squarely on continuous improvement grounded in problems of practice. This essay examines how impact and improvement play out in the leadership of network-based improvement initiatives. Integrating critical scholarship with analysis of 20 i3-funded networks, the argument is that the practical challenges of network leaders vary inversely with system-level innovation infrastructure, which currently provides strong support for evaluating impact but weak support for continuous improvement. Thus, additional potential to increase the success of educational innovation is argued to lie in strengthening system-...
Self-organization of nucleic acids in lipid constructs

Abstract Lipids and nucleic acids (NAs) can hierarchically self-organize into a variety of nanostructures of increasingly complex geometries such as the 1D lamellar, 2D hexagonal, and 3D bicontinuous cubic phases. The diversity and complexity of those lipid–NA assemblies are interesting from a fundamental perspective as well as being relevant to the performance in gene delivery and gene silencing applications. The finding that not only the chemical make of the lipid–NA constructs, but their actual supramolecular organization, affects their gene transfection and silencing efficiencies has inspired physicists, chemists, and engineers to this field of research. At the moment it remains an open question how exactly the different lipid–NA structures interact with cells and organelles in order to output an optimal response. This article reviews our current understanding of the structures of different lipid–NA complexes and the corresponding cellular interaction mechanisms. The recent advances in designing optimal lipid–based NA carriers will be introduced with an emphasis on the structure–function relations.
A sustainable alternative to current epoxy resin matrices for vacuum infusion molding

Abstract Biobased diglycidyl ethers of diphenolate (DGEDP) and monoglycidyl ether of eugenol (GE) were synthesized and formulated as new type of biobased epoxy resins for vacuum infusion processing with glass fiber mats. The processability of these new biobased formulations were benchmarked against two diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA) petroleum based resins. Compositions with 15 wt% GE and 85 wt% of either DGEDP-ethyl or pentyl esters resulted in suitably viscosity and gelation time for composite vacuum infusion processing whilst maintaining and in some cases exceeding the mechanical and thermal properties of the petroleum based systems. This work indicates the excellent potential of using biobased epoxy resins as sustainable alternatives to the traditional petroleum based epoxy resins for engineering applications.
Poisson Process Monitoring, Test and Comparison

The task of determining whether a sudden change occurred in the generative parameters of a time series generates application in many areas. In this thesis, we aim at monitoring the change-point of a Poisson process by method, which is characterized by a forward-backward testing algorithm and several overall error control mechanisms. With the application of this proposed method, we declare that Mount Etna is not a simple Poissonian volcano, because two different regimes divided by the change point, January 30th 1974, are identified. The validation procedures, used in a complementary fashion, by the formal hypothesis tests and graphical method will be discussed. In conclusion, the proposed method is easy to implement, and its assessment studies could be conducted based on large scale simulation.
On Classes of Realizable Operator-valued R-functions

In this paper we consider realization problems (see [5]–[7]) for operator-valued R-functions acting on a Hilbert space E (dim E < ∞) as linear-fractional transformations of the transfer operator-valued functions (characteristic functions) of linear stationary conservative dynamic systems (Brodskii-Livsic rigged operator colligations). We specialize three subclasses of the class of all realizable operator-valued R-functions [7]. We give complete proofs of direct and inverse realization theorems for each subclass announced in [5], [6].
Synthetic Populations of Building Office Occupants and Behaviors

The goal of this chapter is to convey a novel approach to overcoming the limitations of case study research of building occupant behavior in workplace settings by pooling samples and creating a synthetic population of building occupants and behaviors. Synthetic populations can be used by researchers and designers of buildings to develop more accurate models of performance and behavior (Andrews et al. 2016). In the example presented here, three disparate field studies of workplace settings are combined into a larger database that is enhanced through the generation of a statistically similar synthetic data set.
A New Golden Age in Computer Architecture: Empowering the Machine-Learning Revolution

The end of Moores law and Dennard scaling has led to the end of rapid improvement in general-purpose program performance. Machine learning (ML), and in particular deep learning, is an attractive alternative for architects to explore. It has recently revolutionized vision, speech, language understanding, and many other fields, and it promises to help with the grand challenges facing our society. The computation at its core is low-precision linear algebra. Thus, ML is both broad enough to apply to many domains and narrow enough to benefit from domain-specific architectures, such as Googles Tensor Processing Unit (TPU). Moreover, the growth in demand for ML computing exceeds Moores law at its peak, just as it is fading. Hence, ML experts and computer architects must work together to design the computing systems required to deliver on the potential of ML. This article offers motivation, suggestions, and warnings to computer architects on how to best contribute to the ML revolution.
Surviving Translation: Teaching the Essentials of Foundation Social Work Practice in Vietnam

Formal social work practice and education in Vietnam ended in 1975 with the “fall” of Saigon. As part of Vietnam's recent efforts to reestablish the social work profession, Ho Chi Minh Open University partnered with a U.S. School of Social Work for curriculum development training. Four U.S. social work educators developed the training and consulted at Open University during the summer of 1997. This paper describes the tasks involved in the preparation of the training and what was learned during the implementation of the training about the essentials of foundation social work practice that survived translation in Vietnam.
The Decline and Limited Revival of Citizenship Deprivation: Germany and Switzerland As Deviant Cases

A common argument in the literature on loss of citizenship has been that after 1945 most if not all countries liberalised their laws on loss of citizenship until the beginning of a countermovement ...
Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Like Lines from Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis, mainly because the tumors are detected too late for effective treatment or for developing suitable therapeutics. Reprogramming cancer cells to pluripotency by induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, which can be then programmed back to their original cellular state, allows for studying the dynamic events in the course of the disease progression. Thus, we applied iPSC technology to model early progression of PDAC. We showed that when an iPS-like cell line, designated 10-22, derived from human recurrent PDAC, was injected into immunodeficient mice, the cells consistently recapitulated preinvasive, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) to invasive stages of human PDAC. This model was recently validated by revealing a new biomarker that can classify early resectable PDAC patients from healthy subjects. The procedure to derive iPSCs from human PDAC is principally the same as the procedure to generate iPSCs from normal human fibroblast. However, the heterogeneous initial populations, different cellular states, and active memory of pancreatic epithelial cells challenge for making iPSC-like lines from human PDAC. Herein, we describe how to create and maintain iPSC-like line from human PDAC by lentiviral transduction of reprogramming factors.
Sublethal effects of insect growth regulators upon crab larval behavior

Both swimming speeds and phototaxis by the four larval stages of the crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii were monitored upon chronic exposure to sublethal concentrations of the insect growth regulators methroprene (AltosidR: ZR-515), hydroprene (AltozarR: ZR-512) and dimiline (TH-6040). Larvae were reared under conditions of salinity (20orbo) and temperature (25°C) which produce the greatest developmental success. Sublethal concentrations of methroprene had no effect on swimming rates or phototaxis as compared to the acetone control larvae. For hydroprene, swimming rates by stage I, II and III zoeae were unaffected while a significant increase in swimming speeds occurred in Stage IV zoeae exposed to concentrations of 0.05 and 0.1 ppm. Only Stage III zoeae exposed to 0.l ppm showed a significant decrease in the level of positive phototaxis. Dimilin was much more potent, as significant increases in swimming speeds occurred in Stage I, II and III zoeae, with 0.3 ppb being the lowest effective concentration. Although swimming by Stage IV zoeae was unaffected, phototaxis was altered at concentrations as low as 0.1 ppb. Concentrations, which alter behavior, are related to levels which are reported to control mosquitoe larvae.
Global ionosonde and GPS radio occultation sporadic-E intensity and height comparison

Abstract A multi-year global comparison between mid-latitude and equatorial sporadic-E ( E s ) height and intensity derived from COSMIC GPS radio occultation (GPS-RO) data and blanketing E frequency (fbEs) from ground-based Digisonde measurements is performed. The E s layer intensity from GPS-RO measurements was estimated using the S2 scintillation index and total electron content (TEC) assuming constant and variable E s cloud thicknesses individually. GPS-RO crossings were limited to within 150 km and 30 min of fbEs occurrences at each Digisonde. Intensities derived from the TEC with constant thickness method agreed more closely with the Digisonde fbEs measurements in terms of relative error and spread. E s path lengths estimated from the variable thickness method were also significantly larger than the average E s cloud length indicating that tube geometry assumptions between thickness and length do not apply to sporadic-E. Furthermore, intensities calculated from the S2 technique generally placed the frequency of fbEs between 2.7 and 5.3 MHz. Mean fbEs predictions from the S2 and constant thickness TEC methods are found to be statistically similar to the mean Digisonde fbEs. Both TEC and S2 methods underestimated the altitude of the fbEs events, but the S2 technique performed better overall. The mean heights calculated from both of the GPS-RO methods show a statistically significant difference with the mean Digisonde calculated heights, suggesting a bias in the height estimates.
Foreign policy and physical sites of memory: competing foreign policies at the Jasenovac memorial site

This article contributes to the growing scholarship on the relationship between political memory and foreign policy by analyzing how physical sites of traumatic memory serve as locations of foreign policy construction. Specifically, I explore how physical sites (such as concentration camps, killing sites, or memorials) serve to construct foreign policy through the enduring meaning they have as material reminders of collective trauma. I illustrate the argument with a case study of Jasenovac, the commemorative site of the largest concentration camp administered by the Independent State of Croatia during World War II. The Jasenovac site is a particularly useful case for my argument because it is a site of contested memory and conflicting national narratives. Most significantly, it is the site of production of three distinct foreign policies—of Serbia, Croatia, and Bosnia’s Republika Srpska—which all use the Jasenovac site to pursue very different and mutually exclusive foreign policy claims.
Dual-Organ Transplantation in a Woman With Right Ventricular Failure Secondary to Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy.

Abstract We report a case of a woman with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) who presented with severe right-sided heart failure and cardiac cirrhosis that mandated heart-liver ...
Catalysis-Enabled Access to Cryptic Geldanamycin Oxides.

Catalytic, selective modifications of natural products can be a fertile platform for not only unveiling new natural product analogues with altered biological activity, but also for revealing new reactivity and selectivity hierarchies for embedded functional groups in complex environments. Motivated by these intersecting aims, we report site- and stereoselective oxidation reactions of geldanamycin facilitated by aspartyl-peptide catalysts. Through the isolation and characterization of four new geldanamycin oxides, we discovered a synergistic effect between lead peptide-based catalysts and geldanamycin, resulting in an unexpected reaction pathway. Curiously, our discoveries would likely not have been possible absent the attractive noncovalent interactions intrinsic to both the catalysts and the natural product. The result is a set of new “meta” catalytic reactions that deliver both unknown and previously incompletely characterized geldanamycin analogues. Enabled by the catalytic, site-selective epoxidation ...
Menstrual patterns and self-reported hirsutism as assessed via the modified Ferriman-Gallwey scale: A cross-sectional study.

Abstract Objective Hirsutism, the presence of excess terminal hair in a male pattern, is a clinical marker of androgen excess in women. We used cross-sectional data from a North American preconception cohort study to evaluate the association between menstrual cycle characteristics and hirsutism. Study Design Women aged 21–45 years were recruited to a North American cohort of pregnancy planners. On the baseline questionnaire, participants self-reported menstrual characteristics, which included menstrual regularity, cycle length, bleed length, and bleed heaviness. Participants provided a self-rating of hirsutism in nine distinct body areas using pictograms representing the modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) score. Using their ratings, we calculated total mFG scores and defined hirsutism as mFG scores ≥8. We used log-binomial regression models to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for the association between menstrual characteristics and hirsutism assessed at baseline. Results We included 5,542 women in the analytic cohort. Mean mFG score was 4.7, with 21.7 % reporting mFG scores ≥8. Compared with women with regular menstrual cycles, irregular cycles were positively associated with mFG ≥8 (PR 1.73, 95 % CI 1.56–1.91). Bleed lengths of ≥7 days compared with Conclusions In a population-based cohort of North American women, menstrual irregularity, increased cycle and bleeds lengths, and heavier menstrual bleeds were associated with self-reported hirsutism.
World literature reviewReevaluation of colon cancer staging—stricture presence reflects advanced disease?1

No appropriate macroscopic classification of advanced colorectal cancers (A-CRCs) is available for assessing their tumor behavior. In the present study, A-CRCs were classified macroscopically as either stricture or nonstricture type, and the differences in clinicopathological features, mode of recurrence, and prognosis between the two types were investigated. The subjects were 166 patients with A-CRCs invading beyond the muscular layer who had undergone curative surgical resections. Fresh resected specimens from these patients were used for the study. The A-CRCs were classified as stricture or nonstricture type according to whether or not they showed marked fold convergence and/or stricture of the intestinal tract (more than 30% wall shrinkage) that had the appearance of a bow tie. Of the 166 A-CRCs, 47 (28%) were classified as stricture type. This type was significantly more frequent in the colon (37% [37/101]) than in the rectum (15% [10/65]) (p = 0.003). The stricture type was more frequently associated with an abundance of fibrosis than the nonstricture type (76% [28/37] vs 39% [25/64] in the colon, p < 0.001; 100% [10/10] vs 42% [23/55] in the rectum, p < 0.001). The recurrence rate was also higher with the stricture type than with the nonstricture type in both the colon (51% [19/37] vs 17% [11/64], p = 0.003) and rectum (80% [8/10] vs 38% [21/55], p = 0.01). The time to recurrence was significantly shorter for the stricture type in both the colon (p < 0.001) and rectum (p = 0.02). These results indicate that the macroscopic type of A-CRCs according to the presence or absence of wall stricture sign may reflect their tumor behavior, although this behavior appears to be complex and related to tumor progression. This classification could be important clinically to assess tumor behavior simply.
Who Are Guidelines For

The major causes of death in the United States today are heart disease and cancer, with obesity, diabetes, and hypertension being important contributing factors. This chapter discusses the diet guide based on the concept that the purpose of nutrition education is to provide consumers with objective information. In food terms, it is generally recommended that the consumption of whole-grain breads and cereals, fruits, and vegetables should be increased and lower fat selections of dairy foods, meat, poultry, and fish should be served. There is good agreement among most nutrition experts that individuals at increased risk of heart disease are advised to consume a prudent diet. The chapter discusses that understanding of the causes of heart disease and cancer as well as understanding of the role of diet in the initiation and development of these diseases is incomplete. The diet guide helps consumers make better and more informed decisions on diet. Food choices are a matter of individual choice. Individuals should understand the role of diet and other important risk factors related to health promotion and disease prevention.
Benign Cystic Mediastinal Lesions

Benign mediastinal cysts are uncommon lesions overall but comprise the third most frequent group of masses in the mediastinum (10–15%). In general, these cysts can be divided into two categories: those that are congenital and those that are acquired. Congenital cysts are the result of abnormal development during embryogenesis, while acquired ones are associated with inflammatory or degenerative processes. Unless the cysts reach a large size and compress adjacent structures, they usually remain asymptomatic and are often only discovered upon imaging investigations for other conditions. Benign mediastinal cysts need to be distinguished from tumors showing cystic changes which is a common phenomenon among mediastinal neoplasms, particularly among thymic epithelial tumors, germ cell tumors, and lymphomas. Therefore, the nature of a cystic mediastinal lesion is generally not evident from clinical and radiological investigations alone and definitive diagnosis usually requires surgical resection. In this context, detailed macroscopic examination and sufficient sampling becomes an important parameter in the pathologic processing of such cases.
Copyright and Digital Collections: A Data-Driven Roadmap for Rights Statement Success.

An earlier version of this manuscript was presented by the authors at the biennial conference of the Association of College and Research Libraries, April 13, 2019. The authors wish to acknowledge the Research and Publication Committee of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library, which provided support for the completion of this research. We would also like to thank Janet Swatscheno, the Digital Publishing Librarian at the University of Illinois Chicago, for her helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article. This article summarizes the results of interviews with Digital Public Library of America (DPLA) service hub participants to determine whether and how standardized rights metadata is included in their digital collections. Providing accurate standardized rights metadata is crucial to communicating with patrons regarding how they can use objects in digital collections. Results from the interviews reveal key findings on effective rights statement implementation techniques as well as common tools used by librarians when applying rights statements to digital collections.
Housing Policy, Monetary Policy, and the Great Recession

Most research on the run-up in home prices before the Great Recession has focused on types of excessive demand—loose lending, foreign savings, loose monetary policy, speculation, bank deregulation, federal housing subsidies, etc. The focus on excess demand led to fatalism about the collapse in homebuilding that began in 2006 and the eventual recession and financial crisis that followed. Regardless of the sources of excess demand, a consensus developed that American spending had become unsustainably high because of a housing bubble and that demand needed to be reduced. Using a broad array of evidence, we find that constrained supply of new housing in key urban centers was the primary trigger for high home prices before the crisis. The recession and the financial crisis were the result of deliberate contractions of demand—both generally and specifically in residential investment—that were neither useful nor necessary. First, tightening monetary policy reduced aggregate spending and encouraged negative sentiment about real estate. Then, policy changes tightened lending standards and depressed housing markets for years after the 2008 financial crisis. A monetary policy regime targeting stable nominal income growth would have dramatically improved the economy during and after 2008.
A Vision for Scalable Trustworthy Computing

The cybersecurity landscape consists of an ad hoc patchwork of solutions [1]. Optimal cybersecurity is considered “hard,” for various reasons: complexity, immense data and processing requirements, resource-agnostic cloud computing, practical time-space-energy constraints, inherent flaws in “Maginot Line” defenses as well as the growing number and sophistication of attacks. We begin by defining and abstracting the high priority problems including a crosswalk of the potential and co-opted solution space. Within that space, we claim that achieving scalable trustworthy computing and communications is possible via real-time knowledge-based decisions about cyber trust. Our vision is based on the human-physiology-immunity (HPI) metaphor and the human brain’s ability to extract knowledge from data and information. We outline some future steps toward scalable trustworthy systems requiring a long-term commitment to solve the well-known “hard problems.”