cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An adaptive network routing method by electrical-circuit modeling

A routing control method called potential routing is proposed for packet communication in computer networks. Potential routing models a computer network as an electrical circuit, and performs packet routing according to the potential differences between adjacent nodes. The node potentials are first given by Kirchhoff's law and are then dynamically adjusted according to the traffic situation. Potential routing can be applied to arbitrary network topologies; it takes account of the global network topology in determining the route. The routing table is easily and therefore quickly computed by Kirchhoff's law, by solving simple simultaneous equations; no convergence problem arises. Moreover, potential routing does not involve the ping-pong (loop) problem. It is verified by simulation that potential routing shortens transmission delays, especially when the traffic is heavy or unbalanced. >
The major histocompatibility complex determines susceptibility to cytotoxic T cells directed against minor histocompatibility antigens.

Cytotoxic cells were generated by immunizing one strain of mouse with cells from an allogeneic strain which carries the same H-2 region. The effector cells assayed in a 4 h 51Cr release assay were shown to be T cells and indistinguishable, except in specificity, from cytotoxic T cells directed at H-2 alloantigens. Although the genetic differences between responder and stimulator cells responsible for the immunization did not code in H-2, the H-2 complex did restrict susceptibility of target cells. For example, BALB.B cytotoxic cells (H-2b) immunized against and capable of lysing C57BL/6 cells (H-2b) would not lyse B6.C/H-2d target cells. C57BL/6 and B6.C/H-2d are congenic and differ in the H-2 region. Two hypotheses are considered to explain the H-2 restriction of susceptibility to cytotoxic T cells generated by an H-2 identical alloimmunization. (a) The dual (self) recognition hypothesis states that the cytotoxic cell has two recognition units, one for H-2-coded structures and another clonally restricted receptor for the minor alloantigen. (b) The interaction antigen hypothesis states that all the surface alloantigenic determinants recognized by cytotoxic T cells are the result of interaction between H-2- and non-H-2-coded gene products. Two lines of evidence, one with F1 effector cells and the other a cold target competition experiment, are presented which argue strongly in favor of the interaction antigen hypothesis. The regions of H-2 required to be histocompatible were mapped to the D region and to the left of IC, probably the K region. These results, and recent work on the response to virus-infected and TNP-modified syngeneic cells, suggest that cytotoxic cells are restricted in specificity to preferentially recognizing alterations in structures that are coded in the major histocompatibility complex.
A self-tuning fuzzy logic design for perturbed time-delay systems with nonlinear input

In this study, a method of self-tuning single-input fuzzy logic controller (ST-SIFLC) is proposed to efficiently eliminate the chattering problem of perturbed time-delay systems with nonlinear input. This work has the tuning scheme derived from only two rules of fuzzy inference that result in an ultimate equation from defuzzification. This tuning algorithm is convenient and easy to utilize. The control method provides a simple way to achieve asymptotic stability of the perturbed time-delay system. Other attractive features of the method include the fuzzy rules been greatly reduced in spite of the number of state variables, as well as the insensitivity to the perturbation, and the behavior of control input is dramatically improved better than previous report. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the power of the method.
Acquired Immunity in Plants.

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Distributed, Collaborative Intelligent Agents for Proactive Post-Marketing Drug Safety Surveillance

Healthcare systems and insurers nationwide regularly make decisions regarding which drugs to include or exclude from their formularies based on evidence concerning benefits, risks, and costs of the medications. A major barrier to effective drug selection is the lack of sufficient published information on the safety of drugs, particularly new drugs. In this paper, we propose an innovative multi-agent system, named ADRMonitor, for actively monitoring and detecting signal pairs implicating anticipated or potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of interest at a healthcare facility. Each intelligent agent is empowered by a fuzzy logic-based computational recognition-primed decision (RPD) model where fuzzy logic is utilized to represent, interpret, and compute vague and/or subjective information. We conducted a simulation study based on thousands of hypothetical patient cases that were created on the basis of real patients who were prescribed the drug Cisapride in a local hospital. At the current stage, our focus is to establish that the system can outperform the spontaneous reporting approach in identifying signal pairs. Under certain conditions (e.g., without agent collaboration), our simulation results show that (1) ADRMonitor detected 21 out of 27 (78%) ADRs when the optimized RPD model was used as a gold standard; (2) the number of ADRs detected by the agents is (many) more than those detected by the spontaneous reporting strategy (assuming 10% reporting rate - high end of rates reported in the literature) at any particular time. The second result implies that useful information could be collected more timely by the proposed agent system for formulary decisions.
Parameter estimation for trace element sorption on a new granular iron oxide

In order to acquire information on sorptive systems suitable for predictive and design applications, it is necessary to gather and analyze data in bench or prototype reactors, the most common types being batch and packed column. In this paper, data from both types of reactors are presented and contrasted for the case of two trace elements, cadmium and chromate, sorbing to a granular form of iron oxide. The granular oxide was developed in conjunction with the ALCOA Laboratories specifically for use in column reactors. Data are analyzed using a surface coordination chemical approach and film transfer, surface and pore diffusion transport models. Governing coefficients are extracted using nonlinear optimization techniques which provide an objective interpretation of the data without the errors introduced by various linear transformations or analysis bias. Results indicate that both experimental techniques are capable of accurately measuring the equilibrium coordination constant for sorption reactions, however batch estimates for the total sorptive capacities are consistently lower than column estimates, which range from 1.1 mg/g for Cd to 3.3 mg/g for CrO[sub 4]. In addition, when column adsorption and desorption data are taken together, it is possible to obtain reliable estimates of rate-controlling parameters. This is not generally possiblemore » for batch systems under conditions representative of those encountered during environmental control. 22 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.« less
Measures of Receptive Language

This chapter presents the data related to receptive language for the VL2 Psychometric Toolkit Project. The data were generated using multiple measures, including an experimental measure of American Sign Language skills, a measure of receptive fingerspelling skills, a visual measure of English phonology, the Koo Phoneme Detection Test, a measure of knowledge of English syntax, the Test of Syntactic Ability, and a measure of visual reception of spoken language, the Lipreading Screening Test (LST). The sample was comprised of deaf college students evaluated as part of the VL2 Psychometric Toolkit. In addition to providing descriptive statistics, correlations with a brief measure of nonverbal intelligence and measures of executive, visuospatial, memory, and other aspects of linguistic functioning and academic achievement administered concurrently as part of the VL2 Toolkit are presented. The relationships observed are discussed in the context of both research in the general population and, when available, previous research with deaf individuals.
ANALYSIS OF HUMAN FACE RECOGNITION ALGORITHM USING PCA+FDIT IN IMAGE DATABASE FOR CRIME INVESTIGATION

In general, the field of face recognition has lots of research that have put interest in order to detect the face and to identify it and also to track it. Many researchers have concentrated on the face identification and detection problem by using various approaches. The proposed approach is further very useful and helpful in real time application. Thus the Face Detection, Identification which is proposed here is used to detect the faces in videos in the real time application by using the FDIT (Face Detection Identification Technique) algorithm. Thus the proposed mechanism is very help full in identifying individual persons who are been involved in the action of robbery, murder cases and terror activities. Although in face recognition the algorithm used is of histogram equalization combined with Back propagation neural network in which we recognize an unknown test image by comparing it with the known training set images that are been stored in the database. Also the proposed approach uses skin color extraction as a parameter for face detection. A multi linear training and rectangular face feature extraction are done for training, identifying and detecting. Thus the proposed technique is PCA + FDIT technique configuration only improved recognition for subjects in images are included in the training data. It is very useful in identify a single person from a group of faces. Thus the proposed technique is well suited for all kinds faces frame work for face detection and identification. The face detection and identification modules share the same hierarchical architecture. They both consist of two layers of classifiers, a layer with a set of component classifiers and a layer with a single combination classifier. Also we have taken a real life example and simulated the algorithms in IDL Tool successfully.
Using TPSR as a Teaching Strategy in Health Classes.

Health education and physical education are essential components of a school's coordinated health and physical education (HPE) curriculum. Traditionally, teachers have taught the subject matters in these programs using a skill development approach to enhance students' personal and social responsibility. Physical education teachers have been using the teaching personal and social responsibility (TPSR) model as a teaching strategy in physical education programs to develop student responsibility for several years (Hellison, 2003, 2011; Hellison & McBride, 1986; McBride & Hellison, 1986). The TPSR model addresses issues related to challenging and encouraging students to take responsibility for their own physical, emotional, and social needs and is therefore a natural fit as an instructional model in the HPE curriculum. However, few instances of using TPSR in health education have been documented. The purpose of this article was to describe the exploration of TPSR-based health education and the essential aspects of TPSR-based health education derived from this process.
State Building and State Survival: Polynesia in the 19th Century

Despite their small size and their eventual absorption into larger states or their colonial empires, five Polynesian societies -- Hawaii, Tonga, Samoa, Tahiti, and Aotearoa (the Maoris in what became New Zealand) provide a controlled comparison in the 19th century that extends our understanding of contemporary state building. Although all of these cases lost political independence by the end of the century, the timing and terms of their exit are significant. The process of building new political orders is considered in two stages. In the first phase to 1880, Tonga and Hawaii become recognized states. The other three polities were not recognized as states, and their autonomy and survival were undermined or ended. Pre-contact political formations largely explain these outcomes. A more hierarchical and centralized political endowment at contact offered advantages in the quest for empirical and normative statehood. In the second phase, from 1880 to 1990, Hawaii and Tonga pursued divergent strategies of state building in an increasingly harsh international environment. Hawaii was annexed by the United States; Tonga survived as a British protectorate, retaining much of its political and cultural autonomy. The strategies of state building that had won them recognition, liberal in the case of Hawaii and illiberal or regulated in the case of Tonga, produced different prospects for survival in a changing international environment. The Polynesian experience calls into question prevailing assumptions of contemporary state building by reasserting the importance of political formations that precede the modern state, re-evaluating the role of military conflict in state building, questioning the costs of liberal state building strategies for small states, and qualifying the role of international competition in sustaining or undermining the political autonomy of those states.
Role of Spatial Compositional Heterogeneity on Component Dynamics in Miscible Bulk and Thin Film Polymer/Polymer Blends

A study of the poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) segmental dynamics of bulk miscible blends of polystyrene (PS) and PVME reveals that while at high temperatures, T, there is evidence of a single α-relaxation process, at lower T, two separate dominant relaxation processes, associated with the change in structure of the blend with decreasing T, emerge. One relaxation process decreases with a much stronger dependence on T and “freezes” at a temperature comparable to the glass transition temperature, Tg, of the blend measured using differential scanning calorimetry. The other exhibits a weaker T dependence and persists at much lower T, becoming Arrhenius (the so-called α′-process) at sufficiently low T. In thin PVME/PS films confined between aluminum substrates, a new relaxation process, αint, associated with PVME chains that preferentially segregate to the substrates, emerges. These observations are considered in light of the influence of spatial compositional heterogeneities on blend dynamics.
Clonal Immunoglobulin Gene Rearrangement in Nodular Lymphoid Hyperplasia of the Gastrointestinal Tract Associated with Common Variable Immunodeficiency

The authors report a case of common variable immunodeficiency associated with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the gastrointestinal tract in which a clonal population of lymphoid cells was detected by immunophenotypic and genotypic studies on tissue obtained by colonoscopic biopsy. The patient has been followed up for more than 50 months without clinical, radiographic, or pathologic evidence of lymphoma. The significance of clonal rearrangement in the setting of immunodeficiency and the role of genotypic studies in defining lymphoid malignancy are discussed.
Prevention and Therapy of Steroid-Induced Diabetes

Glucocorticoids are a common cause of medication-induced diabetes mellitus (DM). Practitioners caring for patients with autoimmune blistering disease (AIBD) should be aware of this complication as glucocorticoids, more often than not, are the initial treatment for most patients with AIBD. Failure to treat glucocorticoid-induced diabetes may result in neuropathy, loss of vision, kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and even death. Additionally, the endothelial damage that may lead to some of these sequelae can begin soon after initiating glucocorticoid therapy. There are a number of medications available to control plasma glucose levels, the choice of which will depend on individualized monitoring of glucose levels and medication side effects. Awareness of the risk factors for developing diabetes, the signs and symptoms of the disease, and the available treatment modalities will help the practitioner in treating patients safely and effectively.
Radical quantum yields from formaldehyde photolysis in the 30,400-32,890 cm(-1) (304-329 nm) spectral region: detection of radical photoproducts using pulsed laser photolysis-pulsed laser induced fluorescence.

The relative quantum yield for the production of radical products, H + HCO, from the UV photolysis of formaldehyde (HCHO) has been measured using a pulsed laser photolysis–pulsed laser induced fluorescence (PLP–PLIF) technique across the 30 400–32 890 cm–1 (304–329 nm) spectral region of the A1A2–X1A1 electronic transition. The photolysis laser had a bandwidth of ∼0.09 cm–1, which is slightly broader than the Doppler width of a rotational line of formaldehyde at 300 K (∼0.07 cm–1), and the yield spectrum shows detailed rotational structure. The H and HCO photofragments were monitored using LIF of the OH radical as a spectroscopic marker. The OH radicals were produced by rapid reaction of the H and HCO photofragments with NO2. This technique produced an “action” spectrum that at any photolysis wavelength is the product of the H + HCO radical quantum yield and HCHO absorption cross section at the photolysis wavelength and is a relative measurement. Using the HCHO absorption cross section previously obtaine...
Marketing Organization in Arab Socialism

The original plan for Arab Socialism in the United Arab Republic (Egypt) left the bulk of marketing activities in private hands and anticipated considerable market competition among state-owned pro...
Centrifugal subfractionation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes and erythrocytes.

The separations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from lymphocytes and erythrocytes has been accomplished by employing a method which takes advantage of their density differentials. During a single centrifugations the lymphocytes accumulate at a plasma-albumin interface (albumin I, density = 1.065 to 1.085), the polymorphonuclear leukocytes accumulate at an albumin I-albumin II interface (albumin II, density = 1.094) and the erythrocytes pass to the base of the Wintrobe tube. The yields are over 90 per cent pure cell types. All layers are isosmotic with blood.
Analysis of the Axial Flow of Vortex Nozzle and Dielectric Recovery Characteristics of SF_6 Circuit Breaker

To improve the dielectric recovery and current interruption ability of high-voltage SF6 circuit breakers(HV SF6CBs), we proposed a technology of vortex gas flow cooling. A novel axial vortex chamber structure was constructed at the nozzle of a HV SF6 CB to induce the energy exchange of turbulent gas flow in the radial direction during the interruption,consequently, the temperature gradient could be formed along the radial direction to further realize the energy separation of the high-pressure gas flow. Taking a 550 k V SF6 CB as the example, we used the finite volume method to build a 3-D flow field-mathematical model under the small capacitive current interruption, and studied the influence of X-shaped guide blade structure on the flow field. Based on the streamer theory, the gas dielectric recovery characteristics in the chamber in the presence and absence of X-shaped guide blade nozzles were also calculated and compared. The results show that the X-shaped guide blade shifts the form of axial flow into strong rotary blow that forms energy separation effect and it prolongs the time of airflow in the chamber and increases the efficiency of the air flow. Moreover, the gas dielectric recovery characteristic is improved with the novel axial flow nozzle structure.
Selection of Sudden Step Position on Combustor in a Micro-thermophotovoltaic System

The temperature at measuring points of micro-thermophotovoltaic combustor with the best influence factors was identified in the test,and the grey prediction model was used to forecast the position of the highest temperature,which was established with the gray system theory.From the Planck's law of radiation,high variation of temperature will have a greater influence on the radiation force than low variation.Sudden expansion structure is selected at the peak position of wall temperature,to further increase the maximum temperature and give a gentle temperature distribution from the maximum wall temperature to the outlet temperature.The conversion efficiency of the whole micro-thermophotovoltaic system is improved obviously.
Cigarette couponing goes mobile

Smartphone use has rapidly increased, and by 2020, there will be an estimated 6.1 billion Internet-enabled mobile phone users worldwide.1 This phenomenon has created new opportunities for the public health and medical communities, which have used smartphones to collect health information, conduct surveillance and promote behaviour changes, such as smoking cessation.2–4 The popularity of smartphones has also attracted leading American cigarette manufacturers Altria and Reynolds American, who have begun offering digital cigarette coupons redeemable using smartphones. Altria has introduced the MHQ App, which offers two coupons per week. Using the smartphone's global positioning system, the app identifies nearby tobacco retailers that accept Marlboro digital coupons (figure 1A). The app user selects a retailer for redemption, and a digital coupon (eg, ‘$1.50 off one pack’) …
Urinary tract infections in women.

SUMMARY Bacteriuria in the adult female is properly classified according to the pathogenesis and frequency of the infectious process. The vast majority of infections are reinfections that are characterized by sequential infections caused by different organisms. Reinfections result from inoculation of bladder urine in the sterile urinary system by enterobacteria from the vaginal flora and may be occasional or frequent. Susceptibility to frequent reinfections is due to enhanced colonization of the vaginal mucosa by enterobacteria. Persistent infections are characterized by sequential infections caused by the same organism. These infections, which are always frequent, usually result from the continued inoculation of urine by an infected focus within the urinary system. Because of the expense of health care, the efficacy of antimicrobial therapy for reinfections, and the infrequency of serious morbidity associated with reinfections, the rationale for traditional components of patient management has been questioned. An analysis of diagnostic and treatment options and recommendations for the management of bacteriuric women seen by the urologist has been presented.
The Pre-Reformation Institutional Church

Gaelic social norms also strongly influenced the workings of the institutional church in late medieval Ireland, producing forms of Christianity that would long endure in the mental landscape of Irish religion. Here too we find many direct and indirect connections with the bardic orders. Although much evidence concerning this unusual aspect of Irish religiosity can be gleaned from Irish devotional literature and views of the saints, the overall impact of the aes dana becomes even more apparent when one looks at the institutional church in pre-Reformation Ireland; particularly, the relationship between the church and the Gaelic laity during this period.
A ban too far

The US wanted to criminalise kratom, a leaf long used in traditional medicine. That would have been madness, says Marc T. Swogger
Structural Elements Governing GABA-A Receptor Channel Activation and Drug Modulation

Inhibition in the brain depends on rapid opening and closing of GABA-A receptor (GABAR) channels. Therapeutic drugs such as benzodiazepines (BZDs), barbiturates and general anesthetics modulate GABAR currents by binding to distinct allosteric sites that are far from the agonist binding sites. Structural mechanisms underlying how GABA binding promotes channel gating and how drug binding modulates channel function are still unclear. In a recent elements-based kinetic model of GABAR gating (JGP 144:27-39, 2014), intermediate transduction elements mediate the coupling between the two GABA binding sites to the channel activation gate and desensitization gates. Moreover, the BZD binding site also interacts with one of the transduction elements to promote BZD modulation of GABA-mediated currents. Whether specific regions of the GABAR are associated with these intermediate transduction elements is not known. We hypothesize that a region in the α subunit that physically links the BZD and GABA binding sites (α β4-β5 linker, K105-M111) is an important transduction element. Previously, when glycine residues were inserted into this linker, BZD modulation of GABA-mediated currents was significantly decreased (PNAS 287: 6714-6724,2012). Here, we expressed wild-type αβγ GABARs and mutant GABARs with 4-glycine insertions in the α β4-β5 linker (αGly4) in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and measured GABAR currents using outside-out patch clamp electrophysiology and ultra-rapid ligand exchange. Compared to wild-type GABARs, αGly4 currents were slow to activate and fast desensitization was eliminated indicating that this linker region is a key structural element that influences GABAR kinetics. Kinetic models will be used to explain αGly4 effects on GABAR macroscopic current responses and to identify the role the α β4-β5 linker plays in GABA activation and BZD potentiation.
Role of KLF4 and KLF12 in γ-Globin Gene Regulation.

Abstract Abstract 4075 Poster Board III-1010 Kruppel-like factors (KLFs) are a family of Cys2His2 zinc-finger DNA binding proteins that regulate gene expression through CACCC/GC/GT box binding in gene promoters. The CACCC element is critical for the developmental regulation of the human γ-globin and β-globin genes and studies are being done to ferret out various factors that bind this region and modulate gene activity. We recently identified two Kruppel-like factors, KLF4 and KLF12 whose expression levels decreased based on microarray-based gene profiling, concomitantly with decreased γ-globin expression during erythroid maturation. Decreased expression of both factors was further confirmed using quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis. KLF4 and KLF12 mRNA levels decreased 56-fold and 16-fold respectively by day 28 compared to levels in day 7 erythroid progenitors. We next determined if KLF4 and KLF12 bind the γ-globin CACC box by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) using nuclear proteins extracted from K562 cells and a [γ-32P] labeled γ-CACC probe located between -155 to -132 relative to the γ-globin gene cap site. Three DNA-protein complexes were observed. The specificity of these interactions was confirmed by competition reactions in which preincubation with excess unlabelled γ-CACC oligonucleotide effectively abolished the formation of all DNA/protein complexes; addition of nonspecific oligonucleotide had no effect on binding activity. Addition of polyclonal KLF4 or KLF12 antibodies to the EMSA reaction resulted in a marked decrease in intensity of all DNA-protein complexes suggesting both KLF4 and KLF12 are present. Additional studies were performed to determine the effect of the known fetal hemoglobin inducer hemin on KLF gene expression in K562 cells. Hemin stimulated γ-globin transcription while increasing KLF4 and KLF12 66-fold and 4-fold respectively (p Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Stigma perceptions in patients with eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders

This study aims to evaluate the presence of perceived stigma in people diagnosed (self-reported) with an eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder and examine the relationship to the patient's health-related quality of life and additional psychosocial patient-reported outcomes. One hundred forty-nine patients diagnosed for a minimum of 6 months participated in the study. Eligible participants completed questionnaires to assess perceived stigma, psychological functioning, and health-related quality of life. Perceived stigma was moderately associated with a decrease in total health-related quality of life and perceived treatment efficacy. Additionally, greater perceived stigma was positively correlated with an increase in anxiety, depression, and healthcare utilization. The study demonstrates the influence of perceived stigma on several aspects of health-related quality of life in patients with these illnesses. As such, it is important for health professionals to be aware of stigma in patients diagnosed with an eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorder.
A Taxonomy and Research Overview of Perishable-Asset Revenue Management

This paper provides an overview of the research that has been done in the field of perishable-asset revenue management, which is a new term given here to a field that combines the areas of yield management, overbooking, and pricing. The paper also provides a comprehensive taxonomy with 14 different dimensions (elements) along which problems that are included in this important research area can be classified. It suggests important areas of future research to help bridge the gap between theory and application.
Riboflavin Biosynthetic Enzymes

Riboflavin after conversion to flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) serves as an essential cofactor for mainstream metabolic enzymes which mediate hydride, oxygen, and electron transfer catalytic functions (1). Enzymes of the riboflavin biosynthetic pathway are attractive targets for the rational design of antibiotics and crop protection chemicals since humans do not synthesize riboflavin (also known as vitamin B2) and must obtain it through their diets (2). Indeed, there are design and synthesis reports regarding the penultimate and ultimate enzymes of the biosynthetic pathway, 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1’D-ribityl)-lumazine synthase (lumazine synthase) and riboflavin synthase, respectively (3–5).
Skeletal Effects of Glucocorticoids: Basic and Clinical Aspects

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO), a serious disease often overlooked and not treated. Continued exposure of skeletal tissue to Glucocorticoids leads to severe osteoporosis. Patients exposed to glucocorticoids frequently develop clinical osteoporosis. Although the entire skeleton is affected, trabecular bone loss prevails over cortical bone loss. The mechanisms involved are complex because glucocorticoids have direct and indirect effects on the skeleton and cause increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. Following the initial exposure of skeletal tissue to glucocorticoids, there is significant bone loss and glucocorticoids, even at modest doses, increase the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Management of osteoporosis after transplantation includes optimization of bone health before surgery and prevention of bone loss after transplantation. This should include the use of bisphosphonates. Recent discoveries have provided new insights on the cellular events leading to the bone loss in GIO. Advances in the management of GIO and availability of effective therapeutic alternatives offer possible solutions to patients affected by this condition.
Dignity Therapy: Final Words for Final Days.

Every palliative care or hospice team has the goal of facilitating a good death for each client and family; one that preserves the dignity of the individual and provides meaning and closure. Dignit...
Fungi and the Effects of Fungicides on the Honey Bee Colony

Fungicides are found in agricultural areas to protect crops from fungal diseases. When sprayed in areas where honey bee colonies are placed for pollination, bees can collect or otherwise be exposed to these compounds. While labeled safe for bees by the manufacturers, our research found that pollen containing fungicides had a negative effect on the beneficial fungi found in bee colonies that help converting the pollen into bee bread and can end up in the bees themselves. As a result, pathogenic fungi (that cause chalkbrood and stonebrood diseases) were not kept in check by the beneficial fungi, including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Rhizopus, which were compromised by the presence of fungicides in the hive. Colonies were found to be weakened by the persistent presence of fungicides. Steps to help protect colonies are outlined.
Beauty Is in the Eye of Beholder: Intracultural and Transcultural Heterogeneity of Individuals:

Most cross-cultural studies unintentionally give the impression that there is intracultural homogeneity. This research is among a few that suggests otherwise, that there is intracultural and transcultural individual heterogeneity in thinking and logic, or “Mindscape.” It is a replication and an expansion of the earlier study. It intends to verify the existence of intracultural heterogeneity in support of mindscape theory. In doing so, it employs a unique way of data collection and analysis. The analysis of data that were collected from six countries not only supports the earlier findings but also points to the existence of intracultural and transcultural heterogeneity of individuals.
Altering lipid shell composition enables the tunability of perfluorocarbon nanodroplets

Perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (PFCnDs) are emerging ultrasound (US) contrast agents that seek to enable contrast-enhanced imaging of extravascular spaces and offer increased biological stability and circulation times compared to traditional microbubbles (MBs). However, rigorous studies have not analyzed the impact of shell composition on PFCnDs. In particular, lipid-shell PFCnD formulations borrow their shells from liposomes or MBs, and these formulations may not be ideal for phase-changing PFCnDs. The objective of this work was to assess the impact of variable lipid shell composition on phase-changing PFCnD size and their US and photoacoustic (PA) imaging parameters.
Sleep and Cognition in Older Adults

Increased age is associated with normative declines in both sleep and cognitive functioning. Although there are some inconsistencies in the literature, negative sleep changes are associated with worse cognitive functioning. This negative relationship holds true across normal-sleeping older adults, older adults with insomnia, older adults with sleep disordered breathing, cognitively healthy older adults, and older adults with dementia. There are mixed results regarding potential benefits of sleep treatments on cognitive functions; however, this line of research deserves added attention because the potential mechanisms of action are likely distinct from other interventions to improve cognition.
Activation of the Maize Chloroplast Coupling Factor ATPase

The chloroplast coupling factor (CF1) is part of the proton-translocating ATPase (H+-ATPase) complex which phosphorylates ADP in the process of photophosphorylation. CF1 consists of 5 different kinds of subunits, denoted α -e in order of decreasing molecular weight.
Zero-bias Photovaractor with 60 GHz Resonant Network for Optically Modulated Scatterer (OMS) Application

We report a zero-bias photovaractor flip-chip bonded to a coplanar-waveguide resonant network for use as a probe designed to measure near-field characteristics of antennas operating at 60 GHz.
Recombinant DNA to make animal vaccines

The use of recombinant DNA technology to manufacture animal vaccines is a fairly recent development. However, several vaccines produced by this new technology now have been licensed by the USDA. These are mainly vaccines to prevent pseudorabies in swine but many others are in various stages of development. Veterinary practitioners need to understand the technology so that they can converse with clients about it. As more rDNA vaccine comes onto the market, clients may have questions regarding the safety and efficacy of these vaccines. It will become even more important to be knowledgeable about these products.
Keratoconus: Contact Lens or Keratoplasty?

The success rate of contact lens fitting and rate of progression to keratoplasty were evaluated for 115 consecutive patients with keratoconus. Of 190 nonoperated eyes that needed to be fit, 25 (13%) could not be fit, whereas 165 eyes (87%) could be fit. Most of these eyes had been referred for keratoplasty after previous contact lens fittings had no longer been successful. Of the 165 eyes that could be fit, 51 (31%) ultimately needed keratoplasty after an average of 38.4 months of lens wear, and 114 eyes (69%) did not require keratoplasty over an average follow-up interval of 63 months of wearing contact lenses. The average initial keratoplasty reading in these two groups was 56.8 and 51.8 diopters (D), respectively. Special design, bispheric lenses were required in 125 of these 165 eyes (76%) and frequent lens changes were necessary. Of 88 postoperative eyes, 53 (60%) wore contact lenses for best vision. Keratoplasty can be delayed or avoided in many keratoconus patients by using contact lenses, especially special design, bispheric lenses. Also, keratoconus eyes often need contact lenses after keratoplasty.
Giant cell carcinoma of the lung successfully treated with surgical resection and adjuvant vinorelbine and cisplatin.

Abstract Giant Cell Carcinoma of the lung, a subtype of Sarcomatoid lung cancer is a poorly differentiated Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. GCCL has exceptionally aggressive characteristics, and its prognosis is much poorer than any other NSCLCs. Herein, we present a rare case of Giant Cell Carcinoma of lung treated successfully with surgical resection and adjuvant vinorelbine and cisplatin. A 48-year-old African American man with a history of smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was admitted to the hospital for chief complaints of shortness of breath. He was found to have a 3.5 cm × 3.3 cm x 2.8 cm cavitary right upper lobe mass which turned out to be poorly differentiated Giant Cell Carcinoma with extensive necrosis and deemed similar to stage 1b non-small cell lung cancer. He was successfully treated with right upper lobectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy with vinorelbine and cisplatin. He was followed for seven years with no evidence of recurrent disease. Giant Cell Carcinoma's existing literature is limited, and hence our case is reportable. Our case is unique because of the better outcome which we believe might be the result of early detection and treatment with surgical resection along with adjuvant chemotherapy. More studies are needed to deeply understand the need for adjuvant chemotherapy in stage 1 b GCCL, and proper guidelines are required for the indications of adjuvant chemotherapy in Stage 1b GCCL.
We Need it to be Human, We Need it to be Moral: Anthropomorphizing the Organization to Effect Change

We develop a theory pertaining to the anthropomorphization of organizations. Drawing from multiple literatures, we argue that anthropomorphizing the organization is a means by which individuals who...
Attitudes toward and knowledge of medical cannabis among individuals with spinal cord injury.

An observational study based on an online survey addressing attitudes toward and knowledge of cannabis among people living with spinal cord injury (SCI). To characterize attitudes toward and knowledge of cannabis among a nationwide sample (n = 353) of people with SCI. To determine if knowledge and attitudes are influenced by socio-demographic and injury-specific factors. Three academic medical centers in the US. Distribution of an online survey through email lists maintained by 3 SCI centers. Participants largely believed that cannabis use is safe, has potential therapeutic benefits, and ought to be legal. Substantial pluralities felt that cannabis use is attended by moderate to great health-related and social risks (15.5% and 25.5%, respectively), and a majority (55.9%) felt it is attended by moderate to great legal risks. Subjects’ duration of injury, employment status, and personal history of controlled or illicit substances influenced certain beliefs and attitudes. This study is the first to assess beliefs about and attitudes toward cannabis use among a nationwide sample of people with SCI. While limited, it provides a roadmap for future research. It also offers medical providers an initial understanding of which factors may encourage or dissuade their patients with SCI from seeking medical cannabis treatment.
Detecting Examinees With Item Preknowledge in Large-Scale Testing Using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost):

Researchers frequently use machine-learning methods in many fields. In the area of detecting fraud in testing, there have been relatively few studies that have used these methods to identify potent...
Assessment of Early Gait Recovery After Anterior Approach Compared to Posterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Smartphone Accelerometer–Based Study

Abstract Background The influence of total hip arthroplasty surgical approach on postoperative recovery is not well understood and often debated. This study compares anterior and posterior approach (PA) gait and patient-reported Hip Osteoarthritis Outcome scores (HOOS) in the early phases of recovery. Methods A prospective study evaluated 20 control subjects, 35 direct anterior approach (DAA), and 34 PA total hip arthroplasty patients. Subjects were assessed preoperatively and at 1 and 4 months postoperatively with HOOS and smartphone gait assessments of gait speed, step length, cadence, step symmetry, and horizontal and vertical center of mass displacements. Results The DAA and PA groups were not different in baseline HOOS or gait characteristics except for less horizontal center of mass displacement in the DAA group. At 1 month postoperatively, the DAA group had significantly faster gait speed at self-selected (P = .02) and fastest possible gait (P = .01) and longer step length at self-selected (P = .047) and fastest gait (P = .003) compared to the PA. At 4 months, there were no differences in DAA and PA gait measures. At 1 month postoperatively there were no significant differences in HOOS, but after 4 months HOOS were significantly higher in the DAA group. Conclusion There were minimal differences between the two approaches in the recovery of gait mechanics with some gait parameters particularly gait speed and step length recovery favoring the DAA at 1 month postsurgery in this nonrandomized study.
Hdac3 is an epigenetic inhibitor of the cytotoxicity program in CD8 T cells

Cytotoxic T cells play a key role in adaptive immunity by killing infected or cancerous cells. While the transcriptional control of CD8 T cell differentiation and effector function following T cell activation has been extensively studied, little is known about epigenetic regulation of these processes. Here we show that the histone deacetylase HDAC3 inhibits CD8 T cell cytotoxicity early during activation and is required for persistence of activated CD8 T cells following resolution of an acute infection. Mechanistically, HDAC3 inhibits gene programs associated with cytotoxicity and effector differentiation of CD8 T cells including genes encoding essential cytotoxicity proteins and key transcription factors. These data identify HDAC3 as an epigenetic regulator of the CD8 T cell cytotoxicity program.
Can Family and Neighborhood Cohesiveness Buffer the Association Between Family Economic Hardship and Children’s Peer Victimization?

The aim of the current study is to identify factors that buffer the link between family economic hardship and peer victimization. We examined whether family and neighborhood cohesiveness moderated ...
Federal adaptation and mitigation programs supporting Community investment in electricity resilience to extreme weather

Abstract Extreme weather events and associated damages to the electricity system are increasing. Actions are being taken to enhance resilience, but the pace of these enhancements do not meet the challenges faced by communities. This paper reviews federal funding programs that support community resilience efforts for electricity resilience, provides case studies, and highlights opportunities to reduce electricity system vulnerabilities including increasing awareness of federal funding opportunities, and adopting hazard-based design standards.
Relationship of affect intolerance with anxiety, depressive, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in youth.

Abstract Background Structural research on the construct of affect intolerance (an overarching latent construct indicated by distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity) has only been conducted in adults. Given that a self-report measure of distress tolerance was recently validated for youth and affect intolerance may be a core mechanism of transdiagnostic interventions for internalizing disorders, we examined how affect intolerance relates to internalizing symptoms in youth. We predicted that a latent affect intolerance factor (indicated by distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity) would be associated with self and parent-reports of youth anxiety, depressive, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, controlling for age and gender. Methods At a pre-treatment evaluation, youth with a primary depressive, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorder (N=277) aged 8-17, and their parent, completed questionnaires. Results Greater levels of the affect intolerance factor predicted greater youth- and parent-reported youth anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, controlling for age. Limitations Future research should replicate findings in a sample with a greater proportion of depressed youth and utilize experimental or longitudinal methods. Conclusions Importantly, distress tolerance and anxiety sensitivity are core transdiagnostic processes that can be targeted in cognitive-behavioral interventions. Future research should examine how transdiagnostic interventions for youth with internalizing disorders can target these cross-cutting emotional vulnerabilities.
Setting the Agenda for Nutrition Research in Heart, Lung, and Blood Diseases and Sleep Disorders: A Review of the Literature, Gaps and Opportunities.

Objectives Recently, the Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) unveiled the first NIH-wide Strategic Plan for Nutrition Research (NIH SPNR), which emphasized cross-cutting and innovative opportunities to advance nutrition research across all NIH Institutes under the theme of precision nutrition. This review provides an assessment of nutrition research gaps and opportunities, and alignment with the NIH SPNR and with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's (NHLBI) Strategic Vision. The objective is to provide information to investigators and clinicians to stimulate nutrition research discoveries to improve heart, lung, blood, and sleep (HLBS) health.
Bridging Feminist Psychology and Open Science: Feminist Tools and Shared Values Inform Best Practices for Science Reform:

Feminist researchers have long embraced the challenging, dismantling, and reimagining of psychology, though their contributions to transforming psychological science remain largely overlooked in th...
Introduction to Prof. Frederick Schauer's Book Published in Hungarian

The work of Professor Frederick Schauer has inspired Hungarian free speech studies for quite a long time. His straightforward attitude, always to the point, inspired us to have his earlier article (“The First Amendment as Ideology” is included in this volume as well) as the “manifesto” article of the In Medias Res journal. After Professor Schauer obligingly granted his consent to the journal for publication of the Hungarian translation in early 2012, an idea was conceived during the ensuing summer to publish an omnibus volume from his articles written on free speech over the past three decades. Professor Schauer welcomed this idea and was willing to give all assistance needed. The 26 texts selected in cooperation with the author were published primarily in American law journals and monographs; all of them represent writings with still fresh and live content, useful for current research and satisfying the curiosity of today’s readers as well. Since the list of Professor Schauer’s publications is very long, the selection process was not an easy task. Eventually, after more than two years of work, the volume, providing a comprehensive cross-section of not only the author’s legal concept of freedom of speech, but also on American free speech law in general, is now ready.