cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Equation for compaction of paleosols due to burial

Existing empirically derived compaction curves for marine sediments fail to estimate the compaction of paleosols, flood-plain sediments, and peats as indicated by deformation of clastic dikes, dinosaur footprints, and sandstone paleochannels. Yet compaction estimates are vital to reconstructing paleoclimate and geochemical profiles of paleosols, to modeling sediment accumulation rates of nonmarine rocks, and to tectonic flexural modeling of molasse facies. This paper presents a compaction equation and physically derived constants that make geologically realistic estimates of compaction of paleosols and other nonmarine sediments. A protocol for the application of the equation is suggested that would allow the following equation to solve for burial compaction ( C as a fraction of original thickness) given depth of burial ( D in km) as: > C = − S i/[( F / e D k) − 1]. This equation can be applied to nonmarine sedimentary rocks or paleosols given appropriate empirical data on the physical constants in the equation, such as initial solidity ( S i), initial porosity ( F ), and the corresponding curve-fitting constant (k). Data on physical constants useful for this equation are compiled here for a range of paleosol and nonmarine sediment types.
Quantum critical point due to nested Fermi surface: damping of quasi-particles, resistivity and Hall effect

The nesting of the Fermi surfaces of an electron pocket and a hole pocket separated by a wave vector Q and the interaction between electrons gives rise to spin- and charge-density waves. The order can gradually be suppressed by mismatching the nesting and a quantum critical point is obtained as the critical temperature tends to zero. We calculate the quasi-particle damping close to the quantum critical point and discuss its consequences on the resistivity and Hall effect.
Multiband infrared detectors based on III-V materials

Infrared detector technology based on intersubband absorption in III-V materials has shown remarkable success in advancing low-cost, highly uniform, high-operability, large-format focal plane arrays (FPAs). It also permits vertical integration of detector stacks to create multi-band or tunable FPAs. Each detector stack of multi-quantum well layers absorbs photons within the specified wavelength band, allowing other photons to transmit through permitting multiband detection. The wavelength of the peak response and cutoff can be continuously tailored by varying layer thickness (well width), barrier composition (barrier height), and carrier density (well-doping density). The GaAs/Al x Ga 1-x As material system allows the quantum well parameters to be varied over a range wide enough to enable light detection at any wavelength range from 6 to 20 μm. By adding a few monolayers of In y Ga 1-y As during the GaAs quantum well growth, the short wavelength limit can be extended to 3 μm. The spectral bandwidth of these detectors can be tuned from narrow (Δλ/λ ~ 10%) to wide (Δλ/λ ~ 40%), according to application requirements. Multi-band detector technology can be extended to near IR or visible wavelengths by adding detector layers utilizing interband absorption in these materials.
Interlingual metatheatricalism: Manet's L'Autre Don Juan

Sur la mise en abyme generalisee de la representation dans cette libre adaptation parodique de la comedie (Las paredes oyen) de J. Ruiz de Alarcon
Hyperspectral anomaly detection using an optimized support vector data description method

In this paper, an optimal support vector based method to detect anomalies in hyperspectral images is presented. This method is based on a technique called Support Vector Data Description (SVDD) which learns the support of local background distribution by modeling an enclosing hypersphere around this data in a high dimensional feature space associated with Gaussian Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel. Any test pixel that lies outside this hypersphere surrounding the local background is considered an anomaly and hence, a possible target pixel. For the Gaussian RBF kernel to perform well, the bandwidth parameter of the kernel function needs to be set optimally. The proposed algorithm is a two-step iterative method to optimize for this parameter: the volume of the enclosing hypersphere is minimized by optimizing the support vectors in one step and then subsequently further minimized with respect to the kernel bandwidth parameter in the next. Considerable increase in detection performance due to kernel parameter optimization can be seen in the simulation results when the algorithm is applied to real hyperspectral images.
Before the party starts: risk factors and reasons for "pregaming" in college students.

Abstract Objective: “Pregaming”—drinking alcohol prior to going out—is believed to be common, yet empirical examinations are scarce. In this study, we examined who is at risk for pregaming, consequences resulting from it, and motives behind it. Participants: Participants (N = 159, 52% female) were drinkers, aged 18 to 24, recruited from introductory psychology classes. Methods: In 2005 and 2006, interview measures of drinking and pregaming and self-report demographic, motivational, and reasons for pregaming measures were administered. Results: Two-thirds of students pregamed. Younger age, but not Greek affiliation, was associated with heavier pregaming drinking. We found minimal support for the prediction of pregaming by general drinking motives. Specific reasons for pregaming were identified, including saving money and obtaining alcohol when under 21. Conclusions: Findings highlight the risk associated with pregaming, due to selection effects and to event characteristics. The unique reasons for pregaming...
The Problem of Malignancies Arising de novo

The development of an occasional neoplasm in any patient group of substantial size would not be particularly alarming. However, the incidence of malignancies in this study exceeds that which would be expected by chance. Amongst the first 189 kidney homograft recipients in the University of Colorado series there were ten (5.2 per cent) who have developed a primary malignancy (Tables 2 and 3). The true incidence of neoplasia was actually higher than this. Forty of the patients died of a variety of non-neoplastic complications before the end of the fourth postoperative month. The ten neoplasms developed in the remaining 149 patients for a partially corrected incidence of 6.7 per cent. The rate of tumor development in these young patients (3½ to 49 years, average 32) compares with the yearly incidence of 58 per 100,000 in the general population in the age group from 5 to 49 years*.
Drosophila as a Model to Study Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease

Identification of single gene mutations that lead to inherited forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has provided strong impetus for the use of animal models to study normal functions of these "PD genes" and the cellular defects that occur in the presence of pathogenic PD mutations. Drosophila has emerged as an effective model in PD-related gene studies. Important insights into the cellular basis of PD pathogenesis include the demonstration that two PD genes, PINK1 and parkin, function in a common pathway, with PINK1 positively regulating parkin, to control mitochondrial integrity and maintenance. This is accomplished through regulation of mitochondrial fission/fusion dynamics. Subsequent observations in both fly and mammalian systems showed that these proteins are important for sensing mitochondrial damage and recruiting damaged mitochondria to the quality-control machinery for subsequent removal. Here, I begin by reviewing the opportunities and challenges to understanding PD pathogenesis and developing new therapies. I then review the unique tools and technologies available in Drosophila for studying PD genes. Subsequently, I review lessons that we have learned from studies in Drosophila, emphasizing the PINK1/parkin pathway, as well as studies of DJ-1 and Omi/HtrA2, two additional genes associated with PD implicated in regulation of mitochondrial function. I end by discussing how Drosophila can be used to further probe the functions of PINK1 and parkin, and the regulation of mitochondrial quality more generally. In additional to PD, defects in mitochondrial function are associated with normal aging and with many diseases of aging. Thus, insights gained from the studies of mitochondrial dynamics and quality control in Drosophila are likely to be of general significance.
Towards a Collusion-Resistant Algebraic Multi-Party Protocol for Privacy-Preserving Association Rule Mining in Vertically Partitioned Data

Privacy-preserving data mining has recently become an attractive research area, mainly due to its numerous applications. Within this area, privacy-preserving association rule mining has received considerable attention, and most algorithms proposed in the literature have focused on the case when the database to be mined is distributed, usually horizontally or vertically. In this paper, we focus on the case when the database is distributed vertically, and propose an efficient multi-party protocol for evaluating item-sets that preserves the privacy of the individual parties. The proposed protocol is algebraic and recursive in nature, and is based on a recently proposed two-party protocol for the same problem. It is not only shown to be much faster than similar protocols, but also more secure. We also present a variant of the protocol that is resistant to collusion among parties.
Symptomatic Erythrocytosis Associated with a Compound Heterozygosity for Hb Lepore-Boston-Washington (δ87-β116) and Hb Johnstown [β109(G11)Val→Leu, GTG>TTG]

Hb Johnstown [β109(G11)Val→Leu, GTG>TTG] has previously been described as a high oxygen affinity variant in a heterozygous state and in combination with β(0)-thalassemia (β(0)-thal). Because the variant does not separate from Hb A by routine methods it may be easily missed unless clinical suspicion is high. Hb Lepore-Boston-Washington (Hb LBW; δ87-β116) is a δβ hybrid variant that clinically manifests similarly to a β(+)-thal. Hb LBW is not detected by routine polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing but is easily detected by electrophoretic methods. We describe a 19-year-old African American male with a compound heterozygosity for Hb Johnstown and Hb LBW. The patient presented with progressively worsening chest pains, headaches and erythrocytosis. He was repeatedly phlebotomized with symptomatic improvement and subsequently was confirmed to have the high oxygen affinity hemoglobin (Hb) variant. The lowest Hb and hematocrit (packed cell volume, PCV) achieved by phlebotomy was 16.1 g/dL and 0.51 L/L, respectively. Currently, he is no longer being phlebotomized, and is feeling relatively well except for minor chest pain. It is unclear to what degree the phlebotomies contributed to his subjective improvement. The combination of Hbs Johnstown and LBW has not been heretofore described, and in this case, was associated with marked symptomatic erythrocytosis. This unique combination results in a more pronounced phenotype, similar to or slightly more severe than, compound Hb Johnstown/β(0)-thal. This compound hemoglobinopathy will likely not be correctly classified using a single method of Hb detection and underscores the need for multiple characterization methods when indicated by the clinical picture.
Entrenched Hybridity in Public Housing Agencies in the USA

In this paper, we build on the extant literature on housing social enterprises and hybrid models of public housing delivery. We trace the evolution of US housing policy toward greater hybridity, focusing on three dimensions of hybridity. Drawing from a case study of the Charlotte Housing Authority in North Carolina, we showcase two housing programs, HOPE VI and Moving to Work, in order to highlight current innovations in the provision of housing for low-income populations and the entrenched hybridity that is evident. Using this information, we address two main questions: (1) how do local public housing agencies collaborate with the Federal government, private developers, and non-profit service providers to fund, construct, and manage affordable rental housing? and (2) what are the benefits and challenges of hybrid models of affordable rental housing delivery within the US context?
DEVELOPMENT OF INDICES FOR SORTING IRANIAN PISTACHIO NUTS ACCORDING TO FLUORESCENCE

Study of the excitation and emission spectra of Iranian pistachio nuts was made in order to develop an index for sorting aflatoxin contaminated nuts. The method is based on previous work which discovered that nuts emitting bright-greenish-yellow (BGY) fluorescence under LW-UV light had a high probability of aflatoxin contamination. Six different indices were tested; I4 9 0, I4 9 0 I4 7 0, I4 9 0, I4 2 0, with excitation at 360 nm; and I4 9 0, I4 9 0 I4 5 0, I4 9 0 I5 5 0, with excitation at 420 nm (I = fluorescence intensity at indicated wavelengths). Tests clearly indicated that BGY fluorescent nuts can be separated from other nuts by electronic methods.
Power minimization and technology comparisons for digital free-space optoelectronic interconnections

This paper investigates the design optimization of digital free-space optoelectronic interconnections with a specific goal of minimizing the power dissipation of the overall link, and maximizing the interconnect density. To this end, we discuss a method of minimizing the total power dissipation of an interconnect link at a given bit rate. We examine the impact on the link performance of two competing transmitter technologies, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and multiple quantum-well (MQW) modulators and their associated driver-receiver circuits including complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and bipolar transmitter driver circuits, and p-n junction photodetectors with multistage transimpedance receiver circuits. We use the operating bit-rate and on-chip power dissipation as the main performance measures. Presently, at high bit rates (>800 Mb/s), optimized links based on VCSELs and MQW modulators are comparable in terms of power dissipation. At low bit rates, the VCSEL threshold power dominates. In systems with high bit rates and/or high fan-out, a high slope efficiency is more important for a VCSEL than a low threshold current. The transmitter driver circuit is an important component in a link design, and it dissipates about the same amount of power as that of the transmitter itself. Scaling the CMOS technology from 0.5 /spl mu/m down to 0.1 /spl mu/m brings a 50% improvement in the maximum operating bit rate, which is around 4 Gb/s with 0.1 /spl mu/m CMOS driver and receiver circuits. Transmitter driver circuits implemented with bipolar technology support a much higher operating bandwidth than CMOS technology; they dissipate, however, about twice the electrical power. An aggregate bandwidth in excess of 1 Tb/s-cm/sup 2/ can be achieved in an optimized free-space optical interconnect system using either VCSELs or MQW modulators as its transmitters.
Pigmented hamartoma of the eyelid with apocrine, follicular and sebaceous differentiation.

Aim: Adnexal tumors with divergent lines of differentiation are uncommon. Herein, I report a hamartoma of the eyelid with follicular, sebaceous and apocrine differentiation that exhibited prominent melanin pigmentation. Methods: A 63-year-old white woman had a nodule present on her left upper eyelid for 15 years. The nodule had been slowly increasing in size but was unchanged in color. Examination disclosed an 8- × 5-mm nodule of the left upper eyelid, with slight purple discoloration. Results: Biopsy showed a well-circumscribed tumor composed of predominantly apocrine glands but with areas of sebaceous and follicular differentiation. Some areas had prominent light-brown, granular pigment within tumor cells. The pigment had histochemical features of neuromelanin. Immunohistochemistry indicated that the hamartomatous elements had antigenic features of various adnexal structures independent of the histological phenotype. The hamartomatous cells did not react with antibodies to tyrosinase or melanoma antigen recognized by T-cells 1 (MART-1). Conclusions: This case is unique because of its location and prominent melanin pigmentation. Lack of tyrosinase activity in the tumor cells and the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positivity of the pigment indicating its similarity to neuromelanin raise the possibility that the melanin in the hamartoma is a non-enzymatically derived oxidation product of a substance intrinsic to the tumor cells.
Geologic Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste: Status, Key Issues, and Trends

The permanent disposal of high-level radioactive waste is one of the major technical hurdles that must be addressed if electrical power production by nuclear energy is to remain viable. The main challenge is that the waste must be effectively isolated from interactions with the biosphere for hundreds of thousands of years. A number of permanent disposal options have been proposed and reviewed by various countries and scientific organizations during the past few decades, and there appears to be a consensus today that mined geologic disposal is the most practical and effective method. Several variations on mined geologic disposal are being intensively studied by waste-producing countries. These investigations address a wide range of scientific questions, such as the behavior of geological and engineered barriers over time and the use of quantitative modeling and/or qualitative observational evidence to demonstrate the safety of disposal. The present review provides an overview of current approaches, scienti...
Thick Rationality and the Missing "Brute Fact": The Limits of Rationalist Incorporations of Norms and Ideas

Anomalies and problems internal to the basic "thin" version of rational choice theory, together with the absence of persuasive endogenous resolutions, have led many rationalist analysts to "thicken" thin rationality by incorporating norms and ideas into their analyses. This essay analyzes the sources, manifestations, and limitations of this ideational turn in rational choice theory. It delineates and critiques four rationalist incorporations of norms and three rationalist incorporations of ideas. Yet all of these thick-rational analyses do not adequately explain the "brute fact" that largely enables norms and ideas to affect the behavior of actors. Recently, however, some rationalist analysts have advanced an alternative approach that incorporates cultural and communicative factors into rationalist analysis This "interpretive rationality" (or a related "cognitive rationality") merits further investigation because it directly analyzes the "brute fact" in ways that "thick rationality" cannot.
Characterizing distributed shared memory performance: a case study of the Convex SPP1000

In a distributed shared memory (DSM) multiprocessor, the processors cooperate in solving a parallel application by accessing the shared memory. The latency of a memory access depends on several factors, including the distance to the nearest valid data copy, data sharing conditions, and traffic of other processors. To provide a better understanding of DSM performance and to support application tuning and compiler development for DSM systems, this paper extends microbenchmarking techniques to characterize the important aspects of a DSM system. We present an experiment-based methodology for characterizing the memory, communication, scheduling, and synchronization performance, and apply it to the Convex SPP1000. We present carefully designed microbenchmarks to characterize the performance of the local and remote memory, producer-consumer communication involving two or more processors, and the effects on performance when multiple processors contend for utilization of the distributed memory and the interconnection network.
MOLE-a sea-of-gates detailed router

In this paper we present a new detailed router which was developed as part of a sea-of-gates layout project. It routes nets on two or more layers in a given rectangular or rectilinear region which may contain blockages and interior terminals in addition to terminals on the boundary. It uses a set of templates to perform routing and incorporates several novel features that address sea-of-gates routing issues. The router is very fast, memory efficient and yields excellent results.
Desaturation events during oral feedings with and without a nasogastric tube in very low birth weight infants

Objective To examine the desaturation events with the presence and absence of a nasogastric tube during an entire oral feeding in 20 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Design Prospective, quasi-experimental, random assignment. Setting Midwestern, university-affiliated, tertiary neonatal medical cener. Patients Twenty VLBW infants without severe neurologic problems or physical anomalies. On the day of the study, postnatal days were 17 to 82 days (49±18.91). Outcome Measures Desaturation events. Intervention These infants were observed during oral feedings, once with a nasogastric tube and once without, at 9 am and 3 pm feedings within 1 day, decided in random order. Results Fifteen infants experienced 166 desaturation events ( Conclusion Infants' oxygen saturation needs to be monitored with feedings, and feedings may need to be started with a baseline lowest saturation of 95% or higher, monitored with breathing and heart rate to prevent desaturation.
Evaluation of Hospital Room Assignment and Acquisition of Clostridium difficile Infection

Background and objective. Clostridium difficile spores persist in hospital environments for an extended period. We evaluated whether admission to a room previously occupied by a patient with C. difficile infection (CDI) increased the risk of acquiring CDI.Design. Retrospective cohort study.Setting. Medical intensive care unit (ICU) at a tertiary care hospital.Methods. Patients admitted from January 1, 2005, through June 30, 2006, were evaluated for a diagnosis of CDI 48 hours after ICU admission and within 30 days after ICU discharge. Medical, ICU, and pharmacy records were reviewed for other CDI risk factors. Admitted patients who did develop CDI were compared with admitted patients who did not.Results. Among 1,844 patients admitted to the ICU, 134 CDI cases were identified. After exclusions, 1,770 admitted patients remained for analysis. Of the patients who acquired CDI after admission to the ICU, 4.6% had a prior occupant without CDI, whereas 11.0% had a prior occupant with CDI (). The effect of room o...
Antibodies to spermatozoa. VI. Comparative studies of sperm-agglutinating activity in groups of infertile and fertile women.

Abstract In order to evaluate the significance of sperm antibodies in relation to infertility, studies have been made on both infertile and fertile populations. The infertile population consisted of about 150 couples with long-standing infertility, predominantly of the unexplained type. The fertile population consisted of 78 antepartum women and 35 postpartum women. In all these individuals, sperm antibody was sought by two methods of serum testing, namely, the Kibrick (K-B-M) and the F-D methods of sperm agglutination. In the infertile group, the Kibrick test was positive for 23.1 per cent of the women and 9.6 per cent of the men, whereas the F-D test was positive in 16.4 per cent of the women and 5.0 per cent of the men. In contrast to these values, it was found in the fertile group that the Kibrick test was positive in 2.7 per cent of these women and the F-D test was also positive in 2.7 per cent of them. A number of technical details and precautions have also been emphasized. These principles are intended to minimize the occurrence of nonspecific and false-positive results.
An ultrasonic system for measurement of absolute myocardial thickness using a single transducer

We have developed an ultrasonic instrument that can measure absolute regional myocardial wall motion throughout the cardiac cycle using a single epicardial piezoelectric transducer. The methods in place currently that utilize ultrasound to measure myocardial wall thickness are the transit-time sonomicrometer (TTS) and, more recently, the Doppler echo displacement method. Both methods have inherent disadvantages. To address the need for an instrument that can measure absolute dimensions of myocardial wall at any depth, an ultrasonic single-crystal sonomicrometer (SCS) system was developed. This system can identify and track the boundary of the endocardial muscle-blood interface. With this instrument, it is possible to obtain, from a single epicardial transducer, measurement of myocardial wall motion that is calibrated in absolute dimensional units. The operating principles of the proposed myocardial dimension measurement system are as follows. A short duration ultrasonic burst having a frequency of 10 MHz is transmitted from the piezoelectric transducer. Reflected echoes are sampled at two distinct time intervals to generate reference and interface sample volumes. During steady state, the two sample volumes are adjusted so that the reference volume remains entirely within the myocardium, whereas half of the interface sampled volume is located within the myocardium. After amplification and filtering, the true root mean square values of both signals are compared and an error signal is generated. A closed-loop circuit uses the integrated error signal to continuously adjust the position of the two sample volumes. We have compared our system in vitro against a known signal and in vivo against the two-crystal TTS system during control, suppression (ischemia), and enhancement (isoproterenol) of myocardial function. Results were obtained in vitro for accuracy (> 99%), signal linearity (r = 0.99), and frequency response to heart rates > 450 beats/min, and in vivo data were acquired for end-systolic dimension (r = 0.99), end-diastolic dimension (r = 0.99), and percent wall thickness (r = 0.99). Both in vitro and in vivo tests indicate that the SCS functions identically to the two-crystal TTS. Use of the SCS allows measurement of absolute wall thickness and hence myocardial function, for both acute and chronically instrumented animal studies, with minimal or no trauma to myocardium.
Effect of combined sequential treatment of sipuleucel-T followed by enzalutamide in metastatic chemo-naive castration-resistant prostate cancer: Results of single center of large urology group.

241 Background: The timing and sequencing of combination therapy is becoming of outmost importance for the treatment of mCRPC patients. As a result our hypothesis has been to layer on enzalutamide ...
Dispositional and Situational Avoidance and Approach as Predictors of Physical Symptom Bother Following Breast Cancer Diagnosis

Few studies examine whether dispositional approach and avoidance coping and stressor-specific coping strategies differentially predict physical adjustment to cancer-related stress. This study examines dispositional and situational avoidance and approach coping as unique predictors of the bother women experience from physical symptoms after breast cancer treatment, as well as whether situational coping mediates the prediction of bother from physical symptoms by dispositional coping. Breast cancer patients (N = 460) diagnosed within the past 3 months completed self-report measures of dispositional coping at study entry and of situational coping and bother from physical symptoms every 6 weeks through 6 months. In multilevel structural equation modeling analyses, both dispositional and situational avoidance predict greater symptom bother. Dispositional, but not situational, approach predicts less symptom bother. Supporting mediation models, dispositional avoidance predicts more symptom bother indirectly through greater situational avoidance. Dispositional approach predicts less symptom bother through less situational avoidance. Psychosocial interventions to reduce cancer-related avoidance coping are warranted for cancer survivors who are high in dispositional avoidance and/or low in dispositional approach.
Dipicrylamine Modulates GABAρ1 Receptors through Interactions with Residues in the TM4 and Cys-Loop Domains

Dipicrylamine (DPA) is a commonly used acceptor agent in Forster resonance energy transfer experiments that allows the study of high-frequency neuronal activity in the optical monitoring of voltage in living cells. However, DPA potently antagonizes GABAA receptors that contain α1 and β2 subunits by a mechanism which is not clearly understood. In this work, we aimed to determine whether DPA modulation is a general phenomenon of Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs), and whether this modulation depends on particular amino acid residues. For this, we studied the effects of DPA on human homomeric GABAρ1, α7 nicotinic, and 5-HT3A serotonin receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Our results indicate that DPA is an allosteric modulator of GABAρ1 receptors with an IC50 of 1.6 µM, an enhancer of α7 nicotinic receptors at relatively high concentrations of DPA, and has little, if any, effect on 5-HT3A receptors. DPA antagonism of GABAρ1 was strongly enhanced by preincubation, was slightly voltage-dependent, and its washout was accelerated by bovine serum albumin. These results indicate that DPA modulation is not a general phenomenon of LGICs, and structural differences between receptors may account for disparities in DPA effects. In silico modeling of DPA docking to GABAρ1, α7 nicotinic, and 5-HT3A receptors suggests that a hydrophobic pocket within the Cys-loop and the M4 segment in GABAρ1, located at the extracellular/membrane interface, facilitates the interaction with DPA that leads to inhibition of the receptor. Functional examinations of mutant receptors support the involvement of the M4 segment in the allosteric modulation of GABAρ1 by DPA.
Effect of Cage and Floor Rearing; Dietary Calcium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Energy Levels; and Temperature on Growing Turkey Performance, the Incidence of Broken Bones and Bone Weight, and Ash

Abstract Performance of female large type turkeys was compared in cages of two sizes and in floor pens. Tests were conducted over the period from 8 or 9 through 18 weeks of age. The smaller cages had two birds per cage and the larger 12, both with .14 m2 floor space per bird. Turkeys raised in the smaller cages had smaller metatarsi with less bone ash and showed a higher incidence of broken bones when slaughtered than those raised in floor pens. Those raised in the larger cages had intermediate weights of metatarsi and bone ash and a low incidence of broken bones. Increasing the calcium level of the diet from .82 to 1.00% had no significant effect on the incidence of broken bones. Addition of 50 ppm of fluoride to the diet increased bone ash but did not decrease the incidence of broken bones. Addition of animal fat to the diet increased weight gain and the incidence of broken bones. Increasing diet phosphorus level from .62 to .71% did not affect weight gain or gain/feed ratio, increased bone ash, and decreased broken bone incidence slightly. Increasing the cage size was the only treatment tested that resulted in near elimination of broken bones in caged turkeys. The small cages were located in two rooms with temperature control. The temperature was controlled at 13 and 23 C in one test, at 16 and 26 C in six tests, and at 19 and 29 C in one test. Weight gain was higher at the cooler temperature in all tests. Gain/feed ratio tended to be higher at the warmer temperature with the two lower temperature pairs tested. Weight gain and gain/feed ratio of the female turkeys in cages was of the same order as noted in commercial production in sheds.
Impact of similarity threshold on the topology of molecular similarity networks and clustering outcomes

Complex network theory based methods and the emergence of “Big Data” have reshaped the terrain of investigating structure-activity relationships of molecules. This change gave rise to new methods which need to face an important challenge, namely: how to restructure a large molecular dataset into a network that best serves the purpose of the subsequent analyses. With special focus on network clustering, our study addresses this open question by proposing a data transformation method and a clustering framework. Using the WOMBAT and PubChem MLSMR datasets we investigated the relation between varying the similarity threshold applied on the similarity matrix and the average clustering coefficient of the emerging similarity-based networks. These similarity networks were then clustered with the InfoMap algorithm. We devised a systematic method to generate so-called “pseudo-reference” clustering datasets which compensate for the lack of large-scale reference datasets. With help from the clustering framework we were able to observe the effects of varying the similarity threshold and its consequence on the average clustering coefficient and the clustering performance. We observed that the average clustering coefficient versus similarity threshold function can be characterized by the presence of a peak that covers a range of similarity threshold values. This peak is preceded by a steep decline in the number of edges of the similarity network. The maximum of this peak is well aligned with the best clustering outcome. Thus, if no reference set is available, choosing the similarity threshold associated with this peak would be a near-ideal setting for the subsequent network cluster analysis. The proposed method can be used as a general approach to determine the appropriate similarity threshold to generate the similarity network of large-scale molecular datasets.
A new water-immersible two-axis MEMS scanning mirror for photoacoustic microscopy

A new water-immersible two-axis MEMS scanning mirror has been designed, fabricated, and tested for both laser and ultrasound beam steering. The two scanning axes have very different resonance frequencies, which are suitable for raster scanning.
A Caenorhabditis elegans Genome-Scale Metabolic Network Model

Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful model to study metabolism and how it relates to nutrition, gene expression, and life history traits. However, while numerous experimental techniques that enable perturbation of its diet and gene function are available, a high-quality metabolic network model has been lacking. Here, we reconstruct an initial version of the C. elegans metabolic network. This network model contains 1,273 genes, 623 enzymes, and 1,985 metabolic reactions and is referred to as iCEL1273. Using flux balance analysis, we show that iCEL1273 is capable of representing the conversion of bacterial biomass into C. elegans biomass during growth and enables the predictions of gene essentiality and other phenotypes. In addition, we demonstrate that gene expression data can be integrated with the model by comparing metabolic rewiring in dauer animals versus growing larvae. iCEL1273 is available at a dedicated website (wormflux.umassmed.edu) and will enable the unraveling of the mechanisms by which different macro- and micronutrients contribute to the animal's physiology.
Rational Design of Porous Conjugated Polymers and Roles of Residual Palladium for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production

Developing highly efficient photocatalyts for water splitting is one of the grand challenges in solar energy conversion. Here, we report the rational design and synthesis of porous conjugated polymer (PCP) that photocatalytically generates hydrogen from water splitting. The design mimics natural photosynthetics systems with conjugated polymer component to harvest photons and the transition metal part to facilitate catalytic activities. A series of PCPs have been synthesized with different light harvesting chromophores and transition metal binding bipyridyl (bpy) sites. The photocatalytic activity of these bpy-containing PCPs can be greatly enhanced due to the improved light absorption, better wettability, local ordering structure, and the improved charge separation process. The PCP made of strong and fully conjugated donor chromophore DBD (M4) shows the highest hydrogen production rate at ∼33 μmol/h. The results indicate that copolymerization between a strong electron donor and weak electron acceptor into...
Managing Longevity Risk by Implementing Sustainable Full Retirement Age Policies

In this article, we investigate the effect of five policies to link the retirement age to (forecasted) survival probabilities. We investigate the effect of these policies on the distribution of the (future) full retirement age and on longevity risk in the discounted future payments. Our investigated policies effectively hedge longevity risk, but do lead to substantial uncertainty in the retirement age and the expected number of years in retirement. We find that policies based on present values lead to a higher annuity factor than policies based on expected remaining years in retirement. Our results can explain the differences between the proposed automatic rule to adjust the full retirement age in the United Kingdom (defined contribution pension schemes) and the Netherlands (defined benefit pension schemes).
Micro-motion signatures of large wind turbines: Case study using a mobile weather radar

The wind turbine interference to radar, usually referred to as the wind turbine clutter can severely degrade radar data quality, which may further impact critical radar operations. The blade rotation, a micro motion regarding to the overall structure, can create complicated Doppler modulations, which state-of-the-art ground clutter filter failed to mitigate. A case study of large utility scale wind turbines using a mobile weather radar was carried out. The goal of the experiment is to explore what useful information can be extracted from the micro-Doppler radar signature of wind turbines, such as the wind direction at each wind turbine and blade structural information.
Angiotensin II-dependent proximal tubule sodium transport is mediated by cAMP modulation of phospholipase C

Angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulates proximal tubule sodium transport by decreasing adenylyl cyclase activity. The role of ANG II-dependent phospholipase C is less certain. To determine the contribut...
Hydrogen isotope MicroChemLab FY15.

We have developed a new method to measure the composition of gaseous mixtures of any two hydrogen isotopes, as well as an inert gas component. When tritium is one of those hydrogen isotopes, there is usually some helium present, because the tritium decays to form helium at a rate of about 1% every 2 months. The usual way of measuring composition of these mixtures involves mass spectrometry, which involves bulky, energy-intensive, expensive instruments, including vacuum pumps that can quite undesirably disperse tritium. Our approach uses calorimetry of a small quantity of hydrogen-absorbing material to determine gas composition without consuming or dispersing the analytes. Our work was a proof of principle using a rather large and slow benchtop calorimeter. Incorporation of microfabricated calorimeters, such as those that have been developed in Sandia’s MicroChemLab program or that are now commercially available, would allow for faster measurements and a smaller instrument footprint.
VASCULAR COMPRESSION ABOUT THE SHOULDER

Arterial and venous compression about the shoulder girdle are rare clinical entities. Potential complications can be disastrous for the patient. A heightened awareness of the problem and careful physical examination may lead to earlier diagnosis. Controversy still exists as to the optimal treatment once diagnosis is confirmed. Evolution of noninvasive diagnostic techniques may be of considerable benefit in the future.
Simulation, Assessment, and Management of the Key Water Source Sites

Aiming at the key water source site—Kaokaolagou spring field, the numeric model of the groundwater flow was set up. The target aquifer is Preatic aquifer of Upper Pleistocene Shalawusu Formation. The target aquifer was the phreatic aquifer of Upper Pleistocene Shalawusu Formation. The influence of mine dewatering on the groundwater system was studied. Secondarily, the water intake mode in the study area is direct water intake from springs.
The Development of Scientific Concepts in Childhood

The development of scientific concepts[10] in the school-age child is primarily a practical issue of tremendous importance for the school’s task of instructing the child in a system of scientific concepts. However, it is also an issue of tremendous theoretical significance. Research on the development of scientific concepts (i.e., true concepts) will inevitably clarify the most basic and essential general laws of concept formation. This problem contains the key to the whole history of the child’s mental development. It must, therefore, be our point of departure in studying the child’s thinking. Until recently, however, this problem has remained almost entirely unexplored. Our knowledge of the development of scientific concepts is extremely limited. Our own experimental research, which we will cite frequently in the present chapter, is among the first systematic studies of the issue.
Addressing Kant’s Concerns

In the second chapter we saw that Immanuel Kant attempted to build the concept of autonomy upon a conception of self-sufficiency, in order to achieve self-determination which was not diluted by the influence of external considerations. I argued that self-sufficiency was too rigorous to serve as a basis for a useful concept of autonomy, and in the second half of that chapter offered a model of autonomy based upon the metaphor of the helmsman, which can help us to understand autonomy in modern society. In chapter three I discussed how we are to understand autonomy in the context of external influences, distinguishing compulsive and coercive influences from influences which do not threaten individual autonomy.
An empirical model of UWB large-scale signal fading in neocortical research

In this paper, we present an investigation of the suitability of the impulse ultra-wideband (I-UWB) technology for neural recording systems. A fully-digital I-UWB transmitter, implemented in a 65 nm CMOS, is connected to a miniature antenna and packaged in bio-compatible material. Two experimental telemetry configurations are considered. The head of a domestic pig is used to mimic a neural activity monitoring system that is conventionally implanted in swine. Three main objectives are accomplished (1) the strength of the UWB signal after propagating from the cranial cavity through the pig's skull and skin is measured for several separation distances; (2) a statistical model of large-scale signal fading is developed; and (3) the developed model is used to evaluate the system performance with recently published UWB receivers.
Abstract A42: Breast and cervical cancer screening adherence among Latina women living in South Texas: Results from the Esperanza y Vida (Hope and Life) intervention

Abstracts: Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; September 25-28, 2016; Fort Lauderdale, FL PURPOSE The evidence-based Esperanza y Vida \[EyV\] (Hope and Life) program was developed to increase awareness of screening methods among Latinas living in South Texas and explore social and contextual influences that may contribute to disproportionate breast cancer (BC) and high cervical cancer (CC) incidence. This study aimed to identify sociodemographic characteristics of participants, including religion and church attendance, within the larger EyV study, who reported barriers to BC and CC screening. METHODS Lay health advisors were trained to deliver the program to promote BC and CC awareness and screening. Participants (N=227) completed questionnaires that assessed knowledge, screening adherence: breast self-exam [BSE], clinical breast exam [CBE], mammography, Papanicolaou (pap) test, and health beliefs about BC and CC and were contacted for follow-up to assess screening and offer assistance in obtaining exams. RESULTS There was no association among Latinas who participated in BSE (N=118, chi-squared=8.978, p=.344), CBE (N=119, chi-squared=1.875, p=.392), and mammogram (N=98, chi-squared=8.978, p=.344) in the past 12-months and church attendance. Latinas that received a pelvic exam (N=109) and pap test (N=139) did so as part of their yearly exam. The most prevalent barriers (N=62) to screening adherence were cost (N=45) and lack of adequate health insurance (N=44). Eligible Latinas (N=174) that reported barriers to breast exams in the past 12-months believed 1) healthcare professionals felt neutral (p=.099) and 2) their friends not interested (p=.055) in screening Hispanic/Latinas for BC and CC, 3) weekly church attendance (p=.071) and 4) no education (p=.097). Eligible Latinas (N=175) that reported barriers to pap testing in the past 12-months believed 1) healthcare professionals felt not interested (p=.248) and 2) their friends either not interested (p=.092) or neutral (p=.126) in screening Hispanic/Latinas for BC and CC, 3) weekly church attendance (p=.161) and 4) age (p=.014) were factors. CONCLUSIONS These findings have implications for further culturally-tailored BC and CC education, screening interventions and patient navigation. Additional exploration of the influence of healthcare professionals and social networks in screening behaviors among this population is warranted. Citation Format: Jameisha B. Brown, Thelma C. Hurd, Thankham S. Sunil. Breast and cervical cancer screening adherence among Latina women living in South Texas: Results from the Esperanza y Vida (Hope and Life) intervention. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Ninth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2016 Sep 25-28; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A42.
"So Near And Yet So Far? Corporate Venture Capital, Knowledge Search, and Knowledge Recombination"

In their quest for competitive advantage, organizations engage in knowledge search that spans both technological and geographic space. However, organizations often suffer from liability of distance...