cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neutron Diffraction Study of (TMTSF)2BF4 after Slow and Rapid Cooling to 20 K

Abstract The structure of (TMTSF)2BF4 at 20 K has been determined from neutron diffraction data. It is completely ordered after both fast (6.0 deg. min −1) and slow (0.1 deg min −1) cooling through the metal-insulator (MI) transition at 40 K. Significant interactions in the 20 K dimerized phase include both short cation-cation (Se … Se) and cation-anion (Se … F and -CH3 … F) contacts.
Determination of ultra-trace concentrations of elements by means of on-line solid sorbent extraction graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Solid sorbent extraction using a micro column in an automated system was successfully coupled with a graphite furnace for atomic absorption spectrometry. Bonded silica with octadecyl functional groups (C-18 reversed phase material) was used in a 15 μl conically shaped micro column as a sorbent for the metal complexes formed on-line with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. Column elution was performed with ethanol as the eluent into a PTFE capillary used for eluate storage and transfer into the graphite tube. With a sample loading time of 60 s and the direct introduction of the eluate portion containing the highest analyte concentration into the graphite tube, an enrichment factor of approx. 20 could be realised. Effective elimination of contamination by the closed system and on-line purification of the complexing agent together with highly selective separation of the trace metals from alkaline and earth alkaline elements allowed the determination of ultra-trace metals in seawater and deionised water. Using only 3 ml of sample detection limits for cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, and nickel of 0.8, 12, 17, 6.5 and 36 ng/l, respectively, could be achieved.
Integral Analysis of Transonic Shock Wave/Boundary-Layer Interaction in Internal Flow

An approximate integral viscous-inviscid interaction method is presented for calculating the development of a turbulent boundary layer subjected to a normal shock wave in an internal flow. The inflow conditions and the downstream pressure are provided for the computation. In the supersonic region of shock pressure rise, the Prandtl-Meyer function is used to couple the viscous and inviscid flows. An analytical model for the coupling process is postulated and appropriate equations are defined. Downstream of the sonic point, onedimensional inviscid flow is assumed for coupling with the viscous flow. The viscous flow is calculated using Green's integral lag-entrainment boundary-layer method. Comparisons of the solutions with the experimental data are made for interactions which are unseparated, near separation, and separated. For comparison purposes, solutions to the time-dependent, mass-averaged Navier-Stokes equations incorporating a two-equation, Wilcox-Rubesin turbulence model are also presented. The computed results from the integral method show good agreement with experimental data for unseparated interactions and reasonable agreement with the trend of the viscous effects when the interaction becomes increasingly separated.
Lossless image compression using wavelet-like filter banks and arithmetic coding

We have developed a fast, reversible compression algorithm based on wavelet-like filter banks and arithmetic coding (AC) for primary diagnostic teleradiology using inexpensive, off-the- shelf hardwares. This new method offers routine 2:1 to 4:1 compression ratios, while it requires only a few seconds processing time on a microcomputer. This compression performance will make affordable primary diagnostic teleradiology over standard phone lines or ISDN possible.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Numerical Simulation of Polymer Injection in Turbulent Flow Past a Circular Cylinder

Using a code developed to compute high Reynolds number viscoelastic flows, polymer injection from the upstream stagnation point of a circular cylinder is modeled at Re=3900. Polymer stresses are represented using the FENE-P constitutive equations. By increasing polymer injection rates within realistic ranges, significant near wake stabilization is observed. Rather than a turbulent detached shear layer giving way to a chaotic primary vortex (as seen in Newtonian flows at high Re), a much more coherent primary vortex is shed, which possesses an increased core pressure as well as a reduced level of turbulent energy.
Culture, Spirituality, and Women’s Health

A review of the literature on culture, health/women's health, and spirituality/religion reveals that the purported relationships among these variables may be tenuous. Nevertheless, there is a need for health care professionals to be aware of existing cultural/religious beliefs that may affect women's health behavior if provision of holistic health care is a goal. Implications for practice and research can be drawn from the existing evidence in the literature.
Macroevolution of ecosystem engineering, niche construction and diversity

Organisms influence their environments through activities that range from bioturbation to modification of redox gradients and construction of structures. Some of these activities modify the selective regime of the builder (niche construction) and some influence the ecological success of other species (ecosystem engineering) as well as their evolutionary prospects. In this article, I argue that these processes produce effects that persist over geological time, modulating macroevolutionary patterns and diversity. Examples include greater sediment bioturbation and increased thickness and persistence of shell beds. The impact of these processes has been increasing over time, with recent communities encompassing greater ecosystem engineering than those of the early Phanaerozoic. Thus, positive feedback through environmentally mediated selection seems to have increasingly enhanced biodiversity through the Phanaerozoic.
Cholesterol emboli mimicking acute bacterial endocarditis

D isseminated cholesterol crystal embolism (CCE) is a complication after manipulation of the aorta or other large arteries during arteriography, angioplasty, or surgical intervention. CCE can also occur spontaneously or after treatment with warfarin, heparin, or thrombolytic agents. In the latter setting, anticoagulation may interfere with the healing of ulcerated atheromatous plaques. The incidence of fever after diagnostic cardiac catheterization is distinctly low. Fever may be associated with pyrogenic reactions resulting from local vascular complications, including phlebitis, hematoma, thromboembolism, local cellulitis, septic complications, or post-infarct pericarditis. We report a patient who had unexplained fever, renal insufficiency, and livedo reticularis of the legs after retrograde coronary angiography. It was thought to be a result of acute bacterial endocarditis (ABE) but was subsequently shown to result from CCE.
Comparison of some biological and biochemical properties of 6-bromopurine and 6-iodopurine

Abstract 6-Bromopurine and 6-iodopurine each enhanced the carcinostatic activity of azaserine in a test system employing ascites cell forms of sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich carcinoma in vivo , a property previously demonstrated for 6-chloropurine. Hepatoma 134, Mecca lymphosarcoma, and a strain of sarcoma 180 resistant to combination therapy with azaserine plus chloropurine were relatively resistant to combination therapy with bromopurine and azaserine. Chloropurine, bromopurine, and iodopurine inhibited the incorporation of glycine-2- 14 C into polynucleotide guanine of sarcoma 180 ascites cells; comparison of the magnitude and duration of inhibition of guanine nucleotide biosynthesis by these drugs indicated that on a molar basis chloropurine caused the strongest and iodopurine caused the weakest inhibition. These findings correlate with the relative ability of these compounds to synergize with azaserine in the inhibition of tumor growth. Results obtained in studies of the incorporation of hypoxanthine-8- 14 C and guanine-8- 14 C into polynucleotide guanine indicated in addition that the site at which the inhibition by bromopurine is induced resides between inosine 5'-phosphate and guanosine 5'-phosphate. These findings suggest that the 6-halogenated purines tested in combination with azaserine retard neoplastic growth by a similar mechanism, and that this appears to be related to retardation of the biosynthesis of guanine nucleotides.
Spontaneous hybridization in wheat populations of Transcaucasia

Hybrids naturally arising between Triticum species and between Triticum species and species of Secale and Aegilops are found in wheat fields in Transcaucasia. This continuous exchange of genetic material will yield new genotypes which may be useful in breeding.
Medullary proprioceptive neurons from extraocular muscles in the pigeon identified with horseradish peroxidase.

Summary Three to five microliters of 50% HRP in saline was injected along a central axis into one of the 6 extraocular muscles in each of 18 adult pigeons. The brain was fixed and serially sectioned 16–20 h postinjection and the HRP reacted with tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). HRP-labeled proprioceptive neurons were located in the ipsilateral nucleus descendens nervi trigemini (TTD) for all muscle injections. The labeled neurons were further subdivided into two groups based on size and shape. In each experiment the number of labeled proprioceptive cells relative to the number of labeled motoneurons ranged between 4.9 and 15.5%. There were no labeled cells in the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus or contralateral TTD. The study suggests that at least partial afferent (proprioceptive) innervation of the extraocular muscles in the pigeon is derived from neurons in the ipsilateral TTD.
Control Mechanisms of Retinal Vein Pressure: Evaluation in the Cat Using an In Situ Infusion Micropipette

Objective: Previous work in our laboratory has shown that retinal vein pressure is significantly greater than intraocular pressure in the cat. Our purpose here is to evaluate the potential of an active mechanism being responsible for the control of vein pressure in the cat retina.Methods: A double-lumen, concentric barrel micropipette assembly designed for operation within the eye of a spontaneously breathing anesthetized cat was developed. The micropipette, initially filled with hypertonic saline for use with a servonull pressure measuring system, was used to determine intravascular pressure. With the tip of the micropipette still situated in the lumen of the vessel the solution in the micropipette was exchanged for papaverine, a potent smooth muscle dilator. Following vasodilation in the distal portion of a major retinal vein, the papaverine was exchanged for hypertonic saline and intravascular pressures were measured in the dilated vessel.Results: Microinjection of papaverine caused visible dilation of...
Liquidity Constraints and Deforestation: The Limitations of Payments for Ecosystem Services †

Abstract A popular environmental policy is to pay forest owners for avoiding deforestation on their land. This is an example of “payments for ecosystem services” (PES). This paper shows that liquidity constraints can limit the effectiveness of PES programs. If an individual would have cut down trees to sell them, his opportunity costs are more front-loaded than the stream of PES income. If credit constrained, he might decline the program even if the net present value (NPV) of the PES income exceeds the NPV of his opportunity costs. I present evidence consistent with this prediction using data on forest owners in Uganda.
Synthesis from input-output pairs

Consider the finite subset {(xi, yi)} of input-output pairs. A common design objective is to specify a system, S, such that yi = Sxi holds on the set in question. Moreover, S should also be well behaved on a larger input space. In a recent study [1], the author solved a synthesis problem of the above type. In that study the input and output spaces are taken to be arbitrary Hilbert Resolution spaces. At present we focus attention also on the Hilbert space L2(v). It is shown that the operator theoretic solution of [1] can be realized by a differential equation set of the form. z(t) = A(t)z(t) + b(t)x(t) y(t) = c(t)z(t), t ? v where {A,b,c} are explicitly specified from the input-output data.
Prophylactic Radiation Therapy is Safe and Effective Treatment for the Prevention of Recurrent Heterotopic Ossification in Elbow and Knee Joints

Conclusions: Our data show there is a higher incidence of HO amongst Class III obese patients after open reduction and internal fixation of traumatic acetabular fractures followed by prophylactic radiation therapy ± Indomethacin. This information can be applied clinically by discussing the risks and benefits of radiation therapy with Class III obese patients undergoing operative repair of acetabular fractures.
Living Speech: Resisting the Empire of Force

Living Speech: Resisting the Empire of Force. By James Boyd White. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006. 256p. $29.95.James Boyd White's recent work is as impressive as his earlier work in terms of the clarity of argument, the originality of thought, and the commitment to social analysis that incorporates language analysis, legal theory, and ethics. While drawing from current theories of language, White does not quite belong in the postmodern tradition because he searches for authentic representations of thoughts and emotions. This brings him closer to phenomenology. His title phrase, “living speech,” taken from Simone Weil, sets forth his primary argument. He makes a distinction between living speech, which represents genuine, creative thought, and “dead speech,” which reiterates slogans, cliches, and speech patterns from a culture's ideologies, including advertising and propaganda. Dead speech endeavors to get the listener to act in a prescribed way, while living speech tries to persuade the listener to see the virtues of an argument. White's goal is to encourage living speech in order to move societies closer to love and justice. Like the postmoderns, he believes that speech is the foundational human activity because it conveys the imagination, but unlike postmoderns, he wants to talk about the ways in which speech articulates aspects of a human mind by making meaning.
Ultrasonic tissue characterization with a real time integrated backscatter imaging system in normal and aging human hearts

Experimental studies have shown that variation in the magnitude of integrated ultrasonic backscatter during the cardiac cycle represents acoustic properties of myocardium that are affected by pathologic processes; however, there are few clinical studies using integrated backscatter. Forty subjects without cardiovascular disease (aged 22 to 71 years, mean 41) were studied with use of a new M-mode format integrated backscatter imaging system to characterize the range of cyclic variation of integrated backscatter in normal subjects. Cyclic variation in integrated backscatter was noted in both the septum and the posterior wall in all subjects. The magnitude of the cyclic variation of integrated backscatter and the interval from the onset of the QRS wave of the electrocardiogram to the minimal integrated backscatter value were measured using an area of interest of variable size for integrated backscatter sampling and a software resident in the ultrasound scanner. The magnitude of cyclic variation was larger for the posterior wall than for the septum (6.3 ± 0.8 versus 4.9 ± 1.3 dB, p < 0.01). The interval to the minimal integrated backscatter value was 328 ± 58 ms for the septum and 348 ± 42 ms for the posterior wall (p = NS). There was a weak correlation between the magnitude of cyclic variation of integrated backscatter and subject age for the posterior wall (r = −0.47, p < 0.01), but this was not significant for the septum (r = −0.21) (partially because of inability to exclude specular septal echoes) and septal endocardium. Ultrasonic tissue characterization of the myocardium by the measurement of cyclic variation in integrated backscatter is feasible in human patients. Acoustic properties of the myocardium in humans seem to vary regionally and are somewhat affected by aging.
Cholinergic systems in the rat brain: IV. descending projections of the pontomesencephalic tegmentum

Abstract Descending projections from cholinergic neurons in the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei, collectively referred to as the pontomesencephalotegmental (PMT) cholinergic complex, were studied by use of the fluorescent retrograde tracers fluorogold, true blue, or Evans Blue in combination with choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) pharmacohistochemistry. Pedunculopontine somata positive for ChAT or staining intensely for AChE were retrogradely labeled with fluorescent tracers following infusions into the motor nuclei of cranial nerves 5,7, and 12. ChAT-positive cells in both the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei demonstrated projections to the vestibular nuclei, the spinal nucleus of the 5th cranial nerve, deep cerebellar nuclei, pontine nuclei, locus ceruleus, raphe magnus nucleus, dorsal raphe nucleus, median raphe nucleus, the medullary reticular nuclei, and the oral and caudal pontine reticular nuclei. Fluorescent tracers used in combination with AChE pharmacohistochemistry corroborated these projections and, in addition, provided evidence for cholinergic pontomesencephalic projections to the lateral reticular nucleus and inferior olive. The majority of retrogradely labeled neurons demonstrating ChAT-like immunoreactivity were found ipsilateral to the injection site, but, in all cases, tracer-containing cholinergic cells contralateral to the infused side of the brain were detected also. More retrogradely labeled cells containing ChAT were observed in the pedunculopontine tegmental than in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus following tracer injections at all sites with the exceptions of the locus ceruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus where the converse profile was observed. None of the pedunculopontine or laterodorsal tegmental cells immunopositive for ChAT or stained intensely for AChE contained retrogradely transported tracers following dye infusions into the cerebellar cortex or cervical spinal cord. Triple-label experiments using two tracers infused into different sites in the same animal revealed that individual ChAT-immunoreactive cells in the PMT cholinergic complex projected to more than one hindbrain site in some cases and had ascending projections as well. Certain ChAT-positive somata in the pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei were found in close association with several fiber tracts, including the superior cerebellar peduncle, lateral lemniscus, dorsal tegmental tract, and medial longitudinal fasciculus.
A turbulent transport model with emphasis on heat transfer to liquid metals

An analysis of the energy transport to eddies in transit from the turbulent core to the wall region coupled with the elementary surface renewal and penetration model is presented for the turbulent tube flow of liquid metals. Previous formulations of the various forms of the surface renewal and penetration model have been based on the assumption that eddies arrive at the surface with initial temperature T1 equal to the bulk stream temperature Tb. However, due to the significance of molecular transport during the flight of eddies from the turbulent core to the wall region, the employment of this assumption immediately restricts the model to the analysis of the mean heat flux for fluids other than liquid metals. In contrast, the present analysis gives rise to an expression for the mean Nusselt number for turbulent tube flow which is shown to be applicable to fluids with moderate values of the Prandtl number (Pr = 0.5 - 5.0) as well as to the flow of liquid metals at high values of the Reynolds number. On presente, dans le cas de l'ecoulement turbulent de metaux liquides dans un tube, une analyse du transport d'energie a des tourbillons qui passent du noyau turbulent a la region des parois, en meme temps qu'un modele de renouvellement de la surface elementaire et de penetration. Les formules precedentes des diverses formes de modele de renouvellement de la surface elementaire et de penetration etaient basees sur la supposition que les tourbillons atteignent la surface a une temperature initiate Ti, laquelle est egale a la temperature Tb de l'ensemble du courant. Toutefois, vu l'importance du transport moleculaire durant le passage des tourbillons du noyau turbulent a la region des parois, l'emploi de la dite hypothese restreint le modele a l'analyse du flux moyen de chaleur dans le cas de fluides autres que les metaux liquides. Par contraste, l'analyse actuelle donne naissance a une expression pour le nombre moyen de Nusselt, dans le cas d'un ecoulement turbulent dans un tube; on demontre que celui-ci s'applique a des fluides pour lesquels la valeur du nombre de Prandtl est modere (Pr = 0.5 - 5.0), ainsi qu'a l'ecoulement de metaux liquides correspondant a un nombre de Prandtl eleve.
A complete co survey of the large magellanic cloud

A complete CO survey of the central 6 deg x 6 deg of the LMC was performed in order to determine the distribution of molecular clouds. At least 10 percent of the region studied exhibits CO line emission, with peak line temperatures of order 0.15 K. The emission is dominated by an extremely large complex of molecular clouds extending south from 30 Doradus for nearly 2400 pc. There is an extended high-velocity CO component in the vicinity of 30 Doradus itself. Positions, masses, other physical characteristics, and related objects at other wavelengths are given for the 40 identified molecular clouds. The clouds follow a relation between CO luminosity and linewidth similar to that of Galactic clouds, but for a given linewidth appear about six times fainter, suggesting that CO luminosity scales roughly with metallicity or gas-to-dust ratio. The total mass of molecular clouds in the LMC is estimated to be 140 million solar, implying a ratio of molecular to atomic mass over the survey region of about 30 percent. 18 references.
A second isolate of HTLV-II associated with atypical hairy-cell leukemia.

THE human T-cell lymphotropic viruses Type I (HTLV-I) and Type II (HTLV-II) and the bovine leukemia virus, which are members of a family of leukemogenic mammalian retroviruses, share some of the sa...
Reading “A variant of the Hales–Jewett theorem” on its anniversary

Abstract In a recent paper “A variant of the Hales–Jewett theorem”, M. Beiglbock provides a version of the classic coloring result in which an instance of the variable in a word giving rise to a monochromatic combinatorial line can be moved around in a finite structure of specified type (for example, an arithmetic progression). We give an elementary proof and infinitary extensions.
Race and Gender Differences in Self-efficacy: Assessing the Role of Gender Role Attitudes and Family Background

Research suggests race is associated with unique family structures and gender attitudes. Yet, extant research fails to examine how different gender role attitudes and family structures related to race impact other aspects of life. Self-efficacy refers to one’s belief in his or her abilities to achieve certain outcomes (Bandura, Self-efficacy: The exercise of control, Freeman, New York, p. 3, 1997). Using a sample of 486 traditional undergraduate college students from an American university in the middle south, we examine gender and race differences in self-efficacy and the impact of sex role attitudes and family structure on self-efficacy. We argue that gender differences in gender role attitudes and their impact on self-efficacy is moderated by race. For all but white males, sex role liberalism is positively related to self-efficacy. Mother’s full time employment is positively related to self-efficacy for whites. Implications for theory and future research are discussed.
Improving weight loss in cardiac rehabilitation.

In the current issue of Circulation , Philip Ades and his associates at the University of Vermont College of Medicine have provided us with an innovative and important article demonstrating the feasibility and benefits of an enhanced exercise option in cardiac rehabilitation.1 In this study, 74 patients were randomized to a standard cardiac rehabilitation exercise program versus a high-calorie-expenditure exercise program. All patients were provided with 16 hours of group dietary counseling and given a dietary target deficit of 500 calories per day. One group was given a standard exercise program typically used in cardiac rehabilitation (25 to 40 minutes, 3 times per week) and the other an enhanced program targeting 45 to 60 minutes, 5 to 7 times per week, or a total caloric expenditure of 3000 to 3500 kcal/week. The length of the intervention was 5 months, though 1-year data collection was also performed. Patients were of course followed up closely to promote compliance. Article see p 2671 The primary outcome of the study was weight loss. Subjects in the high-calorie-expenditure exercise program lost more than twice as much total body weight (8.2±4 versus 3.7±5 kg) and fat mass (5.9±4 versus 2.8±3 kg). Waist circumference also decreased by a greater amount (7±5 versus 5±5 cm). The enhanced exercise program was also associated with a greater benefit on a number of coronary risk factors including insulin resistance, total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and metabolic syndrome. Most of the weight loss and the difference between the groups were retained at 1-year, though some weight regain occurred (1.3 kg for the enhanced exercise group and 0.9 kg for the standard exercise group). Guidelines for the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease2 and for management of specific coronary risk factors3–4 emphasize the importance of lifestyle change, including weight loss, but …
Analysis of cellular DNA synthesis during polyoma virus infection of mice: acute infection fails to induce cellular DNA synthesis.

Abstract It is widely believed that infection with various DNA viruses stimulates quiescent host cells to divide in preparation for virus replication. To examine this issue, the effects of acute polyoma virus infection on cellular DNA synthesis are observed in newborn mice. Using [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation and fluorography of whole mouse sagittal sections, we observed clear, high-resolution images of organ-specific patterns of cellular DNA synthesis in newborn animals. No alteration in these patterns was observed during acute polyoma virus infection. Other methods, including measurements of [ 3 H]thymidine-labeled DNA-specific activities in various tissues and in situ autoradiography, also failed to detect virus-directed alterations in cellular DNA synthesis. These results indicate that newborn animals have high endogenous levels of DNA synthesis and imply that acute polyoma virus infection may not be associated with further induced levels of cellular DNA synthesis.
SU-E-T-230: Patient Safety Improvement Related to Changes in Ongoing Radiation Treatment Plan Identified with Near-Miss Incidents Reporting

Purpose: A significant portion of patients undergoing radiation experience a change in the treatment plan during the treatment course for a variety of reasons, including adaptive planning due to tumor response and change in fractionation due to patient clinical status. This study tests whether mid‐course changes to treatment plans increase risk of errors through the use of a large institutional near‐miss incident reporting system. Methods: We analyzed incidents from a departmental near‐miss incident reporting system launched in 2/2012. All incidents were prospectively reviewed weekly by a multi‐disciplinary team including physicians, therapists, dosimetrists, physicists, nurses, and administrative staff. Incidents were assigned a near‐miss severity score ranging from 0 to 4 (no impact/mild/moderate/severe/critical), reflecting the potential harm of the incident if it had reached the patient. Monthly root‐case‐analysis is performed on incidents with the highest severity. Incidents related to change‐in‐plan were flagged, and severity score for these were compared to other incidents via t‐test. Results: From 2/2012 through 12/2012, 662 incidents were submitted through the departmental near‐miss incident reporting system. On multi‐disciplinary review, 59(9%) incidents were directly attributable to a change‐in‐plan. Average severity score for the 59 change‐in‐plan incidents was 1.9, significantly higher than score of 1.5 for other incidents not related to change‐in‐plan (p=0.02). Three(5%) near‐miss incidents were assigned the highest severity score of 4, with issues including: wrong isocenter, wrong fields assigned to new plan, and wrong information in new treatment plan due to existing plan. Conclusion: Changes in treatment plan are sometimes required to provide highest quality of care for patients receiving radiation. Although near‐miss incidents related to change‐in‐plan are relatively uncommon, when they do occur they are more severe than other types of incidents that are observed in the course of clinical operations. Development is underway for new safety process specifically tailored to this identified high‐risk patient group.
Risk factors for suicides among army personnel.

TheUSmilitary’sSpecialOperationsCommandplans toaddress the increase insuicidesbypromotingphysical rather thanmentalhealth. Command leadership reportedly has “asked Congress for $48million in 2015 to hire physical therapists, dieticians, sports psychologists, andstrengthandconditioningspecialists toworkwith troops.”1 Although the armed forces have made substantial investments in mental health, it is discouraging that Special Operations Command is taking suchadifferent approach. This is especially sobecause rigorous data on risk factors formilitary suicide are available in 3 publications from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). The first article2 reported that among all regular army personnel (almost 1million soldiers)whoservedbetween2004and2009, the suicide rate increased from approximately 12 to 27 deaths per 100 000.Most surprisingwas that suicide rates showed similar increases among never-deployed as among deployed soldiers. The second article3 estimated the proportions of 30-dayDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) (DSM-IV)mental disorders amonga representative sample of 5428 ArmySTARRSparticipants.Approximately25%of respondentsmet criteria for any 30-day internalizing disorder (eg, major depressive disorder [MDD], bipolar affective disorder, generalized anxiety disorder,panicdisorder, orposttraumatic stressdisorder [PTSD])orexternalizingdisorder (eg, attention-deficit/hyperactivitydisorder, intermittent explosive disorder [IED], or substance use disorder). Of note, 77% of psychiatric cases reported pre-enlistment onset of at least one 30-day disorder (49% internalizing and 82% externalizing), and perhaps most important, soldiers with psychiatric disorders exhibited severely impaired functional capacity. Indeed,61.5% ofsoldierswhoreportedsevererole impairmenthadat least 1DSM-IV psychiatricdisorder.Theauthorsalso reported thatestimatedpopulation attributable risk proportions of severe role impairment due to 30 DSM-IV disorders were 21.7% for pre-enlistment, 24.3% for postenlistment, and 43.3% for all 30-day disorders. The third article,4 using survey data from the same5428Army STARRS participants, analyzed the risk of military suicide with regardtopre-enlistmentvspostenlistmentpsychiatricdisorder.Nearly halfofall soldierswhohadattemptedsuicide (n = 130attempts)had done so prior to enlistment. One-third of postenlistment attempts wereassociatedwithpre-enlistmentmentaldisorders.AlthoughpreenlistmentMDDand IEDwere associatedwithdevelopmentof suicide ideation, only postenlistment IED predicted attempts among JAMAPSYCHIATRY
Electron-impact vibrational excitation rates in the flow field of aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicles

This paper examines the vibrational excitation rate processes expected in the flow field of aeroassisted orbital transfer vehicles (AOTVs). An analysis of the multiple-quantum vibrational excitation processes by electron impact is made to predict the vibrational excitation cross sections, rate coefficients, and relaxation times which control vibrational temperature. The expression for the rate of electron-vibration energy transfer is derived by solving the system of master equations which account for the multiple-level transitions. The vibrational excitation coefficients, which are the prerequisite physical quantities in solving the obtained vibrational equation, are calculated based on the theoretically predicted cross sections. These cross sections are obtained from quantum mechanical calculations, based on the concept that vibrational excitation of molecules by electron impact occurs through formation of an intermediate negative ion state. Finally, the modified Landau-Teller-type rate equation, which is suitable for the numerical calculations for the AOTV flow fields, is suggested.
Tutorial database mining

We view database mining as the efficient construction and verification of models of patterns embedded in large databases. Many of the database mining problems have been motivated by the practical decision support problems faced by most large retail organizations. In the Quest project at the IBM Almaden Research center, we have focussed on three classes of database mining problems involving classification, associations, and sequences. In this tutorial, I will draw upon my Quest experience to present my perspective of database mining, describe current work, and present some open problems.
Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride/C60 organic photovoltaic cells with high open-circuit voltages

Abstract Small molecule organic planar and bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells were fabricated using aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlPcCl) or copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as a donor. While both AlPcCl and CuPc cells have similar short-circuit current, the power conversion efficiency of the AlPcCl cells is about 1.8 times higher than that of the CuPc cells because of the higher open-circuit voltage in the AlPcCl cells. The large open-circuit voltage is due to the large highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy of AlPcCl. The maximum power conversion efficiency is 2.0% under 1 sun standard AM1.5G solar illumination of 100 mW/cm 2 .
Environmental and Regional Determinants of Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae) Larval Distribution in Belize, Central America

Surveys of Anopheles larval habitats in northern Belize were carried out during September 1990 and April 1991. At each site, larvae were collected and the physical and chemical characteristics of water and species composition of aquatic vegetation were measured or estimated. Data on presence or absence of four species, Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann, A. crecians Wiedemann, A. pseudopunctipennis Theobald, and A. argyritarsis Robineau-Desvoidy, were used for analysis of associations with environmental factors, habitat types, and regions. Using significantly contributing environmental variables, discriminant functions (DF) were constructed for the Anopheles species, except for A. argyritarsis whose distribution could be predicted solely by altitude. The stability of DFs was checked by cross-validation runs. The DF for A. pseudopunctipennis was 93% accurate in predicting positive habitats. Predictions based on DFs for A. albimanus and A. crecians were 74 and 80% accurate, respectively. Of the four Anopheles species present in the study area, A. albimanus was the most common. Together with A. crecians , it occurred mostly on the coastal plain, and both species were present in both wet and dry seasons. Anopheles albimanus was positively associated with cyanobacterial mats and submersed-periphyton habitat types and negatively associated with the filamentous algae habitat type. A. crecians was positively associated with Eleocharis -periphyton habitat type. A. pseudopunctipennis and A. argyritarsis were common only during the dry season and their distribution was limited to the Karst and Mountain Pine Ridge regions. Both species were positively associated with the filamentous algae habitat type, and A. argyritarsis was also positively associated with the rock pools habitat type. Physical factors (e.g., water depth, water temperature, and oxygen content) were usually marginally correlated with larval occurrence. Dominant plant growth forms, such as filamentous algae, cyanobacterial mats, and submersed macrophytes showed the closest association with the larvae of particular Anopheles species. Our results demonstrated the controlling influence of dominant aquatic vegetation on larval presence.
Calculation of IPR curves of oil wells for polymer flooding reservoirs

Study of the inflow performance relationship of oil wells for polymer flooding reservoirs is the basis of the analysis of oil well production behaviors, ddesign of production equipment and management of production system. During the polymer flooding, the produced fluid that contains the polymer solution in oil wells obviously shows characteristics of non-Newtonian fluid. Because of degradation, adsorption and retention effects, the rheology of the fluid in formation is various in the different places of the reservoir, so previous IPR equations can't be used to estimate accurately the inflow performance relationship of the oil well for polymer flooding reservoirs. Based on the principle of rheology and percolation flow through porous media, a group of differential equations that describe the flow behavior of the mixture of polymer solution and oil through the porous medium are set up. Based on the experiment results, the critical equivalent shear rate of fluid behaving viscoelasticity in porous media is analyzed. The model is solved for the power-law fluid and the viscoelastic fluid occurred simultaneously in the formation, i.e. a viscoelastic fluid in the very vicinity of wellbore and a power-law fluid in the back of formation, then the IPR curves are drawn. The effect of the changes of fluid rheological parameter on the shape of IPR curves of oil wells is analyzed. Using the data of Daqing oil field flow-after-flow test of one well in the polymer flooding reservoir, the IPR curves are drawn using the method presented in the paper. The flowing BHPs calculated are consistent with the actual measured data. The maximum absolute error is --0.23MPa and the maximum relative error is 5.82%.
Social and temporal bases of self-evaluation in the elderly: theory and evidence.

With what standards do the elderly evaluate their abilities, and do these standards differ from those used earlier in the lifecycle? As in other stages of the lifecycle, two forms of information ar...
Quantitative cell biology: the essential role of theory

Quantitative biology is a hot area, as evidenced by the recent establishment of institutes, graduate programs, and conferences with that name. But what is quantitative biology? What should it be? And how can it contribute to solving the big questions in biology? The past decade has seen very rapid development of quantitative experimental techniques, especially at the single-molecule and single-cell levels. In this essay, I argue that quantitative biology is much more than just the quantitation of these experimental results. Instead, it should be the application of the scientific method by which measurement is directed toward testing theories. In this view, quantitative biology is the recognition that theory and models play critical roles in biology, as they do in physics and engineering. By tying together experiment and theory, quantitative biology promises a deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms, when the theory works, or to new discoveries, when it does not.
Magnetic resonance chemical shift microimaging of aging human skin in vivo: initial findings

Background/aims: In recent decades, interest has increased in the chronological and environmental factors governing the aging of skin. Various methods have been used for determining water and lipid content of human skin as a function of subject age. Magnetic resonance chemical shift imaging (CSI) offers a noninvasive technique for observing detailed distributions of water, lipids and other chemicals in the skin, and thus may be useful in dermatogerontology. Methods: Human skin was examined in vivo on nine healthy volunteers, both male and female. Localized 1H spectra of the skin were obtained from voxels 78 μm thick and parallel to the skin surface. Unique water and lipid profiles were observed for different individuals, showing the composition and microstructure of epidermis, dermis and hypodermis in each subject. These allowed the quantification of skin thickness in vivo by the first appearance of triacylglyceride olefinic protons at the dermal-hy-podermal junction, or alternatively by the degree of lipid infiltration into dermis. Results: The relative concentration of free water in the skin, normalized to skin thickness, was observed to be slightly greater in older subjects and also in tanned subjects. More significantly, a microstructural feature common to every subject, i.e., the position of a possible capillary plexus in the dermis, showed migration toward the skin surface with advancing age. Conclusions: Such observations are consistent with previous studies of skin aging by other techniques and show promise for CSI in dermatogerontology as a non-invasive means for determination of skin water in vivo.
The residual stress in TiN films deposited onto cemented carbide by high-rate reactive sputtering

Abstract The lattice parameters, lattice strain distribution and residual stress on different planes in tiN films deposited onto cemented carbide by reactive sputteringsputtering are studied by X-ray diffraction methods as a function of sputter target input power at a constant bias voltage of –100 V. The residual stress shows remarkably large differences between the values measured on different planes in a film. The form of the various sin2ψvs. lattice parameter plots (sspp) also shows differences and can, for example, be linear for the (422) peak but shows ψ splitting for the (220) peak. These results together with differences in the behavior of the parameters and diffraction peak broadening allow two distinct types of behavior to be isolated. They are not understood but are conjectured as being related to plastic flow, lattice deffects and possibly even ultramicrocracking on specific lattice planes.
Absolute low-energy e--Ar scattering cross sections.

Relative measurements of ${e}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$-Ar angular distributions in the energy range 3--20 eV have been placed on an absolute scale by both a phase-shift analysis and relative flow normalization. The two sets of absolute differential cross sections are in excellent agreement with each other over the entire energy range. These measurements are also in agreement with previous calculations and measurements in different energy and angular ranges. Total cross sections calculated from the derived phase shifts are in excellent agreement with recent direct experimental determinations.
Completion angiography for surgically treated cerebral aneurysms: an economic analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare cost-effectiveness of different strategies for completion angiography after cerebral aneurysm clipping. METHODS: A literature search was used to determine the outcome probabilities and costs of various strategies. The pooled results were used in a Markov cost-effectiveness model to compare quality-adjusted life-years and costs of each strategy. Sensitivity (threshold) analyses and Monte Carlo simulation were used to test variation in the model. RESULTS: Routine (for all cases) intraoperative angiography proved to be slightly more cost-effective than selective (only for cases deemed "high risk") intraoperative angiography, being both less costly and more effective. Routine postoperative angiography was the least cost-effective. However, in centers whose rates of clip-induced arterial compromise are much lower than the averages reported in the literature, selective angiography might be warranted. CONCLUSION: Routine intraoperative angiography remains the most cost-effective form of completion angiography after aneurysm clipping, at least at our present state of technology.
The Effects of Test Accommodations for English Language Learners: A Meta-Analysis

A meta-analysis using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was conducted to examine the effects of test accommodations on the test performance of English language learners (ELLs). The results indicated that test accommodations improve ELLs' test performance by about 0.157 standard deviations—a relatively small but statistically significant increase. Once the potential predictors that may have contributed to the variance of the effect sizes across studies had been accounted for, only English proficiency was found to be significant. Further, the results indicated that ELLs with a low level of English proficiency benefited much more from test accommodations than did those with a high level of English proficiency. Little difference was observed in regard to other factors such as students' ethnicity, students' grade level, or the subject for which they were being examined. Although previous studies have suggested that linguistic simplification may be more effective than other methods, results from this meta-anal...
Shear horizontal acoustic surface shape resonances.

We have calculated the discrete frequencies of the elastic vibration modes localized in the vicinity of a rectangular ridge fabricated from one material that is bonded to the planar surface of a substrate of a second material. These acoustic surface shape resonances correspond to a displacement field that is polarized parallel to the ridge (i.e., it has shear horizontal polarization). The frequencies of these modes are complex because the range in which they occur overlaps the continuum of frequencies of the bulk and surface modes of the substrate, so that they can radiate energy into the latter. The modes are damped thereby, and this damping depends sensitively on the aspect ratio of the ridge and on the material parameters of the ridge and substrate.
Kepler's De quantitatibus

Summary The paper is an introduction to and an annotated translation of De quantitatibus, a mathematical manuscript by Johannes Kepler. Conceived as a philosophical treatise, the text collects, orders, and interprets the Aristotelian passages relevant to mathematics. Kepler thought of De quantitatibus as an introduction to Dasypodius's textbook, but by choosing the Aristotelian context, he distances himself from the tradition to which Dasypodius belonged. Dasypodius's works on mathematics, like Ramus's, were within the genre developed after the rediscovery of Proclus's commentary on Euclid. Instead, Kepler took a position following the Aristotelian humanism of Schegk. While the dating of De quantitatibus is still uncertain, it is likely that Kepler wrote it not too long after his education in Tubingen, where he received instruction in natural philosophy under the influence of Schegk. In De quantitatibus, Kepler also exhibits some original views on mathematics within this humanist Aristotelian context.
Recombination-dependent DNA replication in phage T4

Studies in the 1960s implied that bacteriophage T4 tightly couples DNA replication to genetic recombination. This contradicted the prevailing wisdom of the time, which staunchly supported recombination as a simple cut-and-paste process. More-recent investigations have shown how recombination triggers DNA synthesis and why the coupling of these two processes is important. Results from T4 were instrumental in our understanding of many important replication and recombination proteins, including the newly recognized replication/recombination mediator proteins. Recombination-dependent DNA replication is crucial to the T4 life cycle as it is the major mode of DNA replication and is also central to the repair of DNA breaks and other damage.