cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Us Over Here Versus Them Over There…Literally: Measuring Place Resentment in American Politics

Political scientists are accustomed to imagining electoral politics in geographical terms. For instance, there is a “red America” that largely covers the country’s expansive heartland and there is a “blue America” mostly confined to the coasts. Until recently, however, public opinion scholars had largely lost sight of the fact that the places where people live, and people’s identification with those places, shape public opinion and political behavior. This paper develops and validates a flexible psychometric scale measure of a key political psychological dimension of place: place resentment. Place resentment is hostility toward place-based outgroups perceived as enjoying undeserved benefits beyond those enjoyed by one’s place-based ingroup. Regression results indicate that males, ruralites, younger Americans, those high in place identity, and those high in racial resentment are more likely to harbor higher levels of place resentment.
Pediatric Emergency Department Visits at US Children's Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on pediatric emergency department (ED) visits is not well characterized. We aimed to describe the epidemiology of pediatric ED visits and resource use during the pandemic. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the Pediatric Health Information System for ED visits to 27 US children’s hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic period (March 15, 2020, to August 31, 2020) and a 3-year comparator period (March 15 to August 31, 2017–2019). ED visit rates, patient and visit characteristics, resource use, and ED charges were compared between the time periods. We specifically evaluated changes in low–resource-intensity visits, defined as ED visits that did not result in hospitalization or medication administration and for which no laboratory tests, diagnostic imaging, or procedures were performed. RESULTS: ED visit rates decreased by 45.7% (average 911 026 ED visits over 2017–2019 vs 495 052 visits in 2020) during the pandemic. The largest decrease occurred among visits for respiratory disorders (70.0%). The pandemic was associated with a relative increase in the proportion of visits for children with a chronic condition from 23.7% to 27.8% (P CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a marked decrease in pediatric ED visits across a broad range of conditions; however, the proportional decline of poisoning and mental health visits was less pronounced. The impact of decreased visits on patient outcomes warrants further research.
Children's Health in a Legal Framework

The interdisciplinary periodical Future of Children has dedicated an issue to children’s health policy. This contribution to the issue maps the legal landscape influencing policy choices. The authors demonstrate that in the U.S. legal system, parents have robust rights, grounded in the Constitution, to make decisions concerning their children’s health and medical treatment. Following from its commitment to parental rights, the system typically assumes the interests of parents and children are aligned, even when that assumption seems questionable. Thus, for example, parents who would limit their children’s access to health care on the basis of the parents’ religious belief have considerable latitude to do so, unless the child’s life is imminently threatened. There are some exceptions to this legal regime. Adolescents have the right to obtain some health services independently; in these contexts, social welfare needs such as pregnancy prevention trump parental rights. Minors also have access to abortion (although this right is more restricted than for adults). Moreover, the state has the power to intervene when parents place their children’s health at risk through abuse or neglect. A hallmark feature of the legal regime based on parental rights is that the state has no affirmative obligation to help parents care for their children’s health needs. This libertarian framing of the family-state relationship has profound implications for the development of public policy. To the extent the state provides support for families and children, it is doing so as a matter of policy choice (as with Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program) and not enforceable legal obligation. The importance of family autonomy thus results in a weak conception of shared responsibility for children. The framework also means that the state often takes a reactive approach to child wellbeing, intervening primarily when families have broken down or parents have seriously defaulted on their duties. Appreciation of the legal framework underscores the need to develop political support for any initiative to improve health services for children. Often, as this article shows, the state intervenes to promote children’s health only in response to compelling social welfare needs such as crime or disease prevention, or to crises in which parents abuse their children or fail to provide adequate care.
Measurement of heat release during hydration and carbonation of ash disposed in landfills using an isothermal calorimeter.

Temperatures as high as 100 °C have been reported at a few municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills in the U.S. A recently published model describing landfill heat accumulation identified reactions that contribute significant heat to landfills including the hydration and carbonation of Ca-containing wastes such as ash from MSW and coal combustion. The objective of this study was to develop a method to measure heat release from Ca-containing ash by isothermal calorimetry. The method was confirmed by comparing measured heat release from hydration and carbonation of pure CaO and Ca(OH)2 to the theoretical heat. Theoretical heat release was determined by characterizing test materials before and after experiments using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Heat recovery efficiencies with both water and synthetic leachate ranged from 79 to 90% for CaO hydration and between 65 and 74% for Ca(OH)2 carbonation, with no effect attributable to leachate. Additionally, simultaneous hydration and carbonation of CaO/Ca(OH)2 mixtures resulted in efficiencies of 65 to 74%. The developed method was applied to eight samples that were excavated from a landfill and known to contain coal ash, and the ratio of measured to theoretical heat was 0.5 to 4. Thus, calculation of theoretical heat release from XRD data was not a good predictor of the experimentally measured heat release. The developed method can be used by landfill operators to evaluate the heat potential of a waste, thereby facilitating decisions on the quantity of a waste that can be buried in consideration of landfill temperatures.
Pore-Scale Study to Analyze the Impacts of Porous Media Heterogeneity on Mineral Dissolution and Acid Transport Using Darcy–Brinkmann–Stokes Method

Inherent pore structure of rocks has a significant impact on the acid–rock interaction during the acidizing process. In this study, a new pore-scale reactive transport model applying Darcy–Brinkmann–Stokes method has been developed based on the open-source computational fluid dynamics platform, OpenFOAM, and validated with experimental results. By solving the mass balance equation and advection–diffusion equation, the developed numerical simulation model could capture the evolving pore structure and track the distribution of transported acid. The impacts of different grain sizes and distributions on the dissolution rate of mineral (calcite), evolving porosity, and the transport characteristics of acid have been investigated. In addition, sensitivity analysis has been conducted with respect to the various Damkohler numbers and Peclet numbers in the digital rock image model of Niobrara formation. The changing volume fraction of pores could be categorized into three patterns with different dimensionless numbers—linear growth, pseudo-linear growth, and a flat S-curve growth. The simulation cases of Estaillades carbonate, Massangis Jaune carbonate models, and Sample X segmentation showed that their inherent grain distribution was highly influential on the mineral dissolution rate, where 3-D simulation showed the same results. The developed pore-scale reactive transport model can be applied to various systems with complex pore structures, in order to provide a guidance to predict the system responses such as dissolution rates, surface area, and porosity changes during acidizing in large-scale continuum model.
China's Segmented Stock Market: An Application of the Conditional International Capital Asset Pricing Model

China's segmented stock market provides an opportunity to study conditional international asset pricing from multiple viewpoints--domestic and foreign. We use the multivariate GARCH-M framework of De Santis and Gerard [De Santis, G., and Gerard, B., 1998. How big is the premium for currency risk? Journal of Financial Economics 49, pp. 375-412.], but add conditional local specific risk and find global, local, and currency risk to be priced and time-varying in Chinese markets, suggesting mild segmentation for developing country markets. The time-varying price of currency risk indicates that the strict currency restrictions in China do not sufficiently reduce currency risk to stabilize the price of currency risk. We also find that the price of local risk in the Chinese A stock market is non-time-varying relative to the developed market, but time-varying relative to the emerging market. This finding implies that the Chinese A stock market is more comparable to a developed market than an emerging market. However, results on Chinese B shares show the opposite relationship: from a foreign investor's perspective, Chinese B shares are better categorized as being emerging than developed. This is further supported by an Engle-Granger cointegration test.
Utility-Scale Solar, 2021 Edition: Empirical Trends in Deployment, Technology, Cost, Performance, PPA Pricing, and Value in the United States [Slides]

Author(s): Bolinger, Mark; Seel, Joachim; Warner, Cody; Robson, Dana | Abstract: Berkeley Lab’s “Utility-Scale Solar, 2021 Edition” provides an overview of key trends in the U.S. market, with a focus on 2020. Highlights of this year’s update include: -A record of nearly 9.6 GWAC of new utility-scale PV capacity came online in 2020, bringing cumulative installed capacity to more than 38.7 GWAC across 43 states. -89% of all new utility-scale PV capacity added in 2020 uses single-axis tracking. -Median installed project costs declined to $1.4/WAC (or $1.1/WDC) in 2020. -Project-level capacity factors vary widely, from 9% to 36% (on an AC basis), with a sample median of 24%. The report explores drivers of this variation. -Utility-scale PV’s LCOE fell to $34/MWh in 2020 ($28/MWh if factoring in the federal investment tax credit, or ITC). -PPA prices have largely followed the decline in solar’s LCOE over time, but have stagnated more recently. Prices from a sample of recent contracts average just above $20/MWh (levelized). -In 2020, solar’s average market value (defined in the report to include only energy and capacity value) exceeded average wholesale prices in 12 of the 17 balancing authorities analyzed (including 4 of the 7 independent system operators across the United States). Adding battery storage is one way to increase the value of solar. Our public data file tracks metadata for more than 150 PV+battery hybrid projects that are already online or that have secured offtake arrangements. -At the end of 2020, there were at least 460 GW of utility-scale solar power capacity within the interconnection queues across the nation, 160 GW of which include batteries. For more information, and to explore related interactive data visualizations, go to utilityscalesolar.lbl.gov.
Cryosphere Sciences with NISAR

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is the ideal instrument for observing polar regions, with its ability to see through clouds and operate during the long polar nights. Since the launch of ERS-1 in 1991, the international constellation of SARs has enabled great progress in our understanding of sea ice, ice sheets, and glaciers. With its launch in early 2023, NISAR will contribute to the fourth decade of extensive SAR observations of the cryosphere. In contrast to all other missions, it will operate in a permanently south-looking mode, providing complete routine coverage of Antarctica. Here we summarize the NISAR requirements and how the mission will greatly advance our observational capability for the Earth's remote ice-covered regions.
The Obesity Paradox in Emergency General Surgery Patients.

BackgroundOperative management of emergency general surgery (EGS) diagnoses involves a range of procedures which can carry high morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the impact of obesity ...
The Complexity of Associative Diffusion: Reassessing the Relationship between Network Structure and Cultural Variation:

Goldberg and Stein (2018) present an innovative agent-based computational model that shows how cultural associations can diffuse through superficial interpersonal interactions. They counterintuitiv...
Virtual shopping agents: Persona effects for older users

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the visual presence of a virtual agent on a retail Web site reveals positive outcomes for older users with respect to enhancing perceived interactivity, social support, trust and patronage intentions and alleviating user anxiety. Design/methodology/approach – A between-subjects laboratory experiment was conducted with 50 older users, which included an interaction experience of 30 minutes followed by a paper-based questionnaire. The visual presence of the agent was manipulated in a mock retail Web site through the presence or absence of a virtual agent image, while maintaining the same agent functionality. Findings – The contrasts of senior users’ shopping experiences between two agent-mediated Web sites (with or without agent image) support the direct “persona” effects of a virtual agent’s visual presence on enhancing perceived interactivity, social support, trust and patronage intentions in the retail Web site, while alleviating user anxiety. ...
The Nuremberg Trials

No trial provides a better basis for understanding the nature and causes of evil than do the Nuremberg trials from 1945 to 1949. Those who come to the trials expecting to find sadistic monsters are generally disappointed. What is shocking about Nuremberg is the ordinariness of the defendants: men who may be good fathers, kind to animals, even unassuming - yet who committed unspeakable crimes. Years later, reporting on the trial of Adolf Eichmann, Hannah Arendt wrote of the banality of evil. Like Eichmann, most Nuremberg defendants never aspired to be villains. Rather, they over-identified with an ideological cause and suffered from a lack of imagination or empathy: they couldn't fully appreciate the human consequences of their career-motivated decisions. Twelve trials, involving over a hundred defendants and several different courts, took place in Nuremberg from 1945 to 1949. By far the most attention - not surprisingly, given the figures involved - has focused on the first Nuremberg trial of twenty-one major war criminals. Several of the eleven subsequent Nuremberg trials, however, involved conduct no less troubling - and issues at least as interesting - as the Major War Criminals Trial. For example, the trial of sixteen German judges and officials of the Reich Ministry (The Justice Trial) considered the criminal responsibility of judges who enforce immoral laws. (The Justice Trial became the inspiration for the acclaimed Hollywood movie, Judgment at Nuremberg.) Other subsequent trials, such as the Doctors Trial and the Einsatzgruppen Trial, are especially compelling because of the horrific events described by prosecution witnesses.
The role of effective normal stress, frictional properties, and convergence rates in characteristics of simulated slow slip events

Slow slip events (SSEs) observed in subduction zones around the world exhibit a wide range of recurrence intervals, durations, and propagation speeds. To illuminate possible mechanisms responsible for the observed variability and guide future modeling efforts, we employ the earthquake simulator RSQSim to explore the effects of variations in the convergence rates, frictional parameters, and effective normal stress on SSE characteristics. Both recurrence intervals and durations of SSEs are essentially directly proportional to the effective normal stress, while along-strike propagation speeds are inversely proportional. Effective normal stresses in the range of 3–9 MPa produce fault slip consistent with observed SSEs. Changes in rate-state frictional instability (b − a) have a moderate inverse effect on propagation speeds but much weaker effects on recurrence intervals and durations. Convergence rates are inversely proportional to recurrence intervals, propagation speeds show a weak positive relationship, and event durations appear insensitive.
Motions of a Black Hole near the Center of a Galaxy

Some years ago we published an account of experiments which indicated that the nucleus of a galaxy orbits around the mass centroid. This can be viewed as an orbiting density wave which grows near the center in a galaxy model that starts without such motions. While these experiments were run without a massive particle, we suggested that similar physical effects might cause a massive particle near the center to oscillate with larger amplitudes than indicated by simple Brownian motion arguments. Results from recent experiments will be reported to clarify some of the issues raised by a massive particle (a black hole) near the center.
Aproximación al estudio de la estabilidad de los intereses a partir de los trece años

This work is based on the replica of an investigation carried out by Mallin-son and Crumrine (1952) in order to study the stability of the interests in adolescence. By means of a design with paired data inside a longitudinal study with two fijeed crossed axes in the 13/14, 16/17 age-groups respectively, a study of the positional inter-course stability of the fields of interests was accomplished. For that purpose we used the Occupational Znterest Znuentory (0II) 1956 review by Lee B Thorpe. The results obtained confirm a stability between the 8th E.G.B. and the 3rd B.U.P. grades for first selected fields, as regards both acceptance and rejection.
Neonatal Genetic Variation in Steroid Metabolism and Key Respiratory Function Genes and Perinatal Outcomes in Single and Multiple Courses of Corticosteroids

Objective The aim of the study is to evaluate the association of steroid metabolism and respiratory gene polymorphisms in neonates exposed to antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) with respiratory outcomes, small for gestational age (SGA), and response to repeat ACS. Study Design This candidate gene study is a secondary analysis of women enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of single versus weekly courses of ACS. Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13 steroid metabolism and respiratory function genes were evaluated. DNA was extracted from placenta or fetal cord serum and analyzed with TaqMan genotyping. Each SNP was evaluated for association via logistic regression with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)/ventilator use (CPV), and SGA. Results CRHBP , CRH , and CRHR1 minor alleles were associated with an increased risk of SGA. HSD11B1 and SCNN1B minor alleles were associated with an increased likelihood of RDS. Carriage of minor alleles in SerpinA6 was associated with an increased risk of CPV. CRH and CRHR1 minor alleles were associated with a decreased likelihood of CPV. Conclusion Steroid metabolism and respiratory gene SNPs are associated with respiratory outcomes and SGA in patients exposed to ACS. Risks for respiratory outcomes are affected by minor allele carriage as well as by treatment with multiple ACS.
Valuation effects of patent quality

Tech stock investors often face problem of making sensible judgments about future earnings prospects for high-tech companies with only limited earnings, revenue, or book value information. This is especially true for high-tech companies with research and development (R&D) programs that yield hard-to-evaluate patent output. This chapter reflects upon recent research to suggest the potential for scientific measures of patent quality as useful indicators of the future earnings potential for high-tech firms. In spite of all the difficulties, patent statistics have long been relied upon as a unique resource for the analysis of technical change. Now, sophisticated measures of patent quality can be derived from knowledge about the use of individual patents as “building blocks” in the development of subsequent science. Market-value data provide a useful test of the economic importance of patent numbers and these new scientific indicators of patent quality. From the firm's practical perspective, scientific measures of patent quality have the potential to offer managers useful guidance concerning the quantity and quality of inventive output and the effectiveness of the firm's investment in R&D.
One-Dimensional Pressureless Gas Systems with/without Viscosity

A general global existence result for one-dimensional pressureless Euler/Euler-Poisson systems with or without viscosity is obtained by employing the “sticky particles” model. We first construct en...
Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals Common Antimicrobial Resistant Campylobacter coli Population in Antimicrobial-Free (ABF) and Commercial Swine Systems

The objective of this study was to compare the population biology of antimicrobial resistant (AR) Campylobacter coli isolated from swine reared in the conventional and antimicrobial-free (ABF) swine production systems at farm, slaughter and environment. A total of 200 C. coli isolates selected from fecal, environmental, and carcass samples of ABF (n=100) and conventional (n=100) swine production systems were typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Sequence data from seven housekeeping genes was analyzed for the identification of allelic profiles, sequence types (STs) and clonal complex determination. Phylogenetic trees were generated to establish the relationships between the genotyped isolates. A total of 51 STs were detected including two novel alleles (glnA 424 and glyA 464) and 14 novel STs reported for the first time. The majority of the C. coli isolates belonged to ST-854 (ABF: 31, conventional: 17), and were grouped in clonal complex ST-828 (ABF: 68%, conventional: 66%). The mean genetic diversity (H) for the ABF (0.3963+/20.0806) and conventional (0.4655+/ 20.0714) systems were similar. The index of association (I s A ) for the ABF (I s A =0.1513) and conventional (I s A =0.0991) C. coli populations were close to linkage equilibrium, indicative of a freely recombining population. Identical STs were detected between the pigs and their environment both at farm and slaughter. A minimum spanning tree revealed the close clustering of C. coli STs that originated from swine and carcass with those from the environment. In conclusion, our study reveals a genotypic diverse C. coli population that shares a common ancestry in the conventional and ABF swine production systems. This could potentially explain the high prevalence of antimicrobial resistant C. coli in the ABF system in the absence of antimicrobial selection pressure.
CYTOLOGICAL STUDIES IN LACCARIA (AGARICALES). II. ASSESSING PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONG LACCARIA, HYDNANGIUM, AND OTHER AGARICALES

Laccaria and Hydnangium typically undergo a postmeiotic mitotic nuclear division in basidiospores, basidia, or less commonly, in sterigmata resulting in eight nuclei. Basidiospores formed on tetrasterigmate basidia are binucleate, and those on bisterigmate basidia are tetranucleate in both genera. While Hydnangium and Laccaria likely comprise a monophyletic group-a hypothesis based on a number of shared characters-the presence of multinucleate basidiospores in several putative outgroups precludes using this shared character state as a justification for recognizing these two genera in a separate family, Hydnangiaceae, as had been proposed. Based on a review of the literature, the presence and location of postmeiotic mitotic divisions in basidia and basidiospores of Agaricales do not appear to be appropriate for assessing phylogenetic relationships among genera or families because of a high level of homoplasy.
Charge-Carrier Mobilities in Liquid Helium at the Vapor Pressure

Accurate values of the mobility of positive- and negative-charge carriers in liquid helium are presented. The measurements were carried out at the vapor pressure, over a temperature range of $0.28\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}lTl5.18\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}$ for negative-charge and $0.37\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}lTl5.18\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{K}$ for positive-charge carriers. A detailed description is given of the experimental techniques and of possible sources of error.
Ion channels are linked to differentiation in keratinocytes

In vivo and in vitro, keratinocyte differentiation is linked with increased extracellular Ca2+. In order to correlate ion channels with cell differentiation and investigate keratinocyte membrane responses to Ca2+, keratinocyte single channel currents were studied using the patch-clamp technique. The most frequently observed channel was a 14 pS nonspecific cation channel. This channel was permeable to Ca2+ and activated by physiological concentrations of Ca2+. We also found a 35 pS Cl− channel whose open probability increased with depolarization. Finally, a 70 pS K+ channel was seen only in cell-attached or nystatin-permeabilized patches. We correlated channel types with staining for involucrin, an early marker of keratinocyte differentiation. While the nonspecific cation channel and Cl− channel were seen in both involucrin positive and involucrin negative cells, all channels in which the K+ channel activity was present were involucrin positive. Membrane currents through these channels may be one pathway by which signals for keratinocyte proliferation or differentiation are sent.
Observations concerning the pathogenesis of endocardial thickening in the adult heart

Abstract Necropsy examination revealed varying degrees of endocardial thickening in approximately 60 per cent of 109 consecutive, unselected hearts. In 5.5 per cent of the total it was considered severe. Microscopic examination allowed for the distinction of two types of this endocardial change. The type which is considered as reparative was characterized by fibrosis with little or no proliferation of elastic tissue or smooth muscle. It was encountered most frequently in association with major and mimor myocardial infarction and the organization of mural thrombus. The compensatory or mechanical type appears as a hypertrophy of smooth muscle and hyperplasia of endocardial elastica (EEMF). Severe degrees appeared more closely related to cardiac hypertrophy and dilatation than to age or other factors investigated. EEMF was most frequently observed in the outflow tract of the left ventricle; severe forms were observed with equal frequency at this site, as well as throughout this chamber. Since there was little indication that mild degrees of EEMF were related to cardiac hypertrophy and dilatation, it is suggested that the latter may only accentuate this phenomenon. Other factors such as the anatomic structure of the inflow tract and the “trauma” of ejected systolic blood appear tenable as factors in this regard.
Integrated visualization of parallel program performance data

Abstract Performance tuning a parallel application involves integrating performance data from many components of the system, including the message passing library, performance monitoring tool, resource manager, operating system, and the application itself. The current practice of visualizing these data streams using a separate, customized tool for each source is inconvenient from a usability perspective, and there is no easy way to visualize the data in an integrated fashion. We demonstrate a solution to this problem using Devise, a generic visualization tool which is designed to allow an arbitrary number of different but related data streams to be integrated and explored visually in a flexible manner. We display data emanating from a variety of sources side by side in three case studies. First we interface the Paradyn parallel performance tool and Devise, using two simple data export modules and Paradyn's simple visualization interface. We show several Devise/Paradyn visualizations which are useful for performance tuning parallel codes, and which incorporate data from Unix utilities and application output. Next we describe the visualization of trace data from a parallel application running in a Condor cluster of workstations. Finally we demonstrate the utility of Devise visualizations in a study of Condor cluster activity.
Condition in dairy calves and level of circulating eosinophils.

Summary Relative condition (fatness) and eosinophil counts in triplicate were determined for 45 heifer calves from six to 17 months of age. Eosinophil level between calves was related to condition of the calf; calves with a higher degree of condition had the higher eosinophil counts.
Validation of the angiographic accuracy of digital left ventriculography

Digital subtraction angiography enhances the contrast to background signal, enabling the performance of angiography with reduced doses of contrast medium. The objectives of the present study were (1) to validate the accuracy of digital left ventriculography for measurement of left ventricular volumes and segmental contraction; and (2) to compare the hemodynamic effects resulting from low- and high-dose intraventricular contrast injections. Twenty-eight patients underwent digital left ventriculography, performed by intraventricular injection of 7 ml of contrast medium diluted in saline solution, followed by conventional cineangiography of the left ventricle performed with 45 ml of undiluted contrast medium. Left ventricular volumes calculated from digital ventriculograms correlated well with volumes calculated from conventional ventriculograms: end-diastolic volume (r = 0.97, standard error of estimate [SEE] 23.4 ml; end-systolic volume (r = 0.97, SEE 15.4 ml); stroke volume (r = 0.95, SEE 14.7 ml); and ejection fraction (r = 0.97, SEE 3.8%). Segmental left ventricular contraction, measured as percent chordal shortening of hemiaxes, correlated moderately well (r = 0.81, SEE 11.5%). After injection of undiluted contrast medium, left ventricular systolic pressure decreased (133 ± 31 to 123.5 ± 27 mm Hg; p
Sports Doping in the Adolescent: The Faustian Conundrum of Hors De Combat

The drive toward success in sports and the need for a cosmetically acceptable appearance have driven many adolescents to take a wide variety of so-called doping substances. The consumption of these chemicals in the hope and hype of improved sports performance, fueled by the easing of government restrictions on their proof of safety and efficacy, has resulted in an explosion of so-called ergogenic products available to our youth. Agents that have been used include anabolic steroids, anabolic-like agents, designer steroids, creatine, protein and amino acid supplements, minerals, antioxidants, stimulants, blood doping, erythropoietin, beta-blockers, and others. The use of these agents has considerable potential to cause physical and psychological damage. Use and misuse of drugs in this sports doping process should be discouraged. This discussion reviews some of the agents that are currently being used. Clinicians providing sports medicine care to youth, whether through anticipatory guidance or direct sports medicine management, should educate their young patients about the hype and hyperbole of these products that may keep them out instead of in the game at considerable financial cost to the unwary consumer.
Multi-Objective Design Optimization of Multi-Floor, Counterflow Micro Heat Exchangers

Heat removal capacity, coolant pumping pressure drop and surface temperature non-uniformity are three major challenges facing single-phase flow microchannel compact heat exchangers. In this paper multi-objective optimization has been performed to increase heat removal capacity, and decrease pressure drop and temperature non-uniformity in single-flow microchannels. Three-dimensional (3D) 4-floor branching networks have been applied to increase heat removal capacity of a microchannel from silicon substrate (15×15×2 mm). Each floor has four different branching sub-networks with opposite flow direction with respect to the next one. Each branching network has four inlets and one outlet. However, branching patterns of each of these sub-networks could be different from the others. Conjugate heat transfer analysis has been performed by developing a software package which uses quasi-1D thermo-fluid analysis and a 3D steady heat conduction analysis. These two solvers are coupled through their common boundaries representing surfaces of the cooling microchannels. Using quasi-1D solver significantly decreases computing time and its results are in good agreement with 3D Navier-Stokes equations solver for these types of application. The analysis package is capable of generating 3D branching networks with random topologies. 1341 random cooling networks were simulated using this analysis package. Multi-objective optimization using modeFrontier software was performed using response surface approximation and genetic algorithm. Diameters and branching pattern of each sub-network and coolant flow direction on each floor were design variables of multi-objective optimization. Maximizing heat removal capacity, minimizing pressure drop and temperature non-uniformity on the hot surface were three simultaneous objectives of the optimization. Pareto-optimal solutions demonstrate that thermal loads of up to 500 W/cm2 can be managed with 3D 4-floor microchannel cooling networks.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
“Thank You for Making Me Write This.” Narrative Skills and the Management of Conflict in Urban Schools

We studied 364 narratives about personal experiences with conflict written by urban 4th, 5th, and 6th graders. Narratives were examined in terms of children’s narrative and perspective-taking skills and the responses to conflict they described. Several features of narrative were reliably coded, including level of violence described in the story, children’s descriptions of internal states, moral evaluations, and responses to conflict. Children described the use of communication as a response to conflict more than any other response. Qualitative analyses revealed a relationship between children’s response to conflict and their narrative skills, moral evaluations, and descriptions of emotion, intentions, and mental states. Children who reported the use of communication in response to conflict wrote stories containing very low levels of violence and also displayed attentiveness to others’ internal states and strong narrative form. In contrast, children whose narratives reported the use of retaliation in response to conflict were unlikely to report about internal states or to display strong narrative form. Recommendations are given for dealing with conflict in the classroom, for focusing on narrative skill development, and for creating a narrative culture within schools.
Secure Interchange Routing

Locations that connect tracks from different rail-road companies—referred to as interchange points—ex- change crew, locomotives, and their associated consists. Because trains have a single degree of freedom in movement, that is, they can only operate along the tracks, any delay occurring at an interchange point causes cascading delays in connecting tracks. In addition, authentication and authorization that is expected to take place at interchanges in PTC controlled train movement may add extra delays due to mutual authentication between two security domains. In this paper we propose a model that can address safety and security con- cerns and their interrelationships that govern train movement through an interchange point. We show how a profile of safe operations can be computed for operating an interchange point.
Egg Flavor Quality as Affected by Fish Meals or Fish Oils in Laying Rations

Abstract Several types of fish meals or fish oils were included at various levels as a protein source in laying rations for hens. The eggs produced were evaluated organoleptically using both descriptive analysis and an acceptability rating scale. Certain fish meals in the diet caused musty, stale, rancid, “chemical” and fishy flavors in the eggs. These undesirable characteristics were intensified when the eggs were stored for 4 weeks at 10°C. Eggs produced early in the laying cycle were superior in flavor to those laid 5 months later. Eggs from birds fed hake meal were generally rated lower in flavor acceptability than eggs produced with equal levels of British Columbia (B.C.) herring meal in the ration. Use of Canadian Atlantic herring meal (Nova Scotia, Newfoundland) resulted in eggs which were lower (P = 0.05) in flavor rating than B.C. herring meal. Ten percent fish meal resulted in undesirable egg flavor except when Peruvian anchovy meal was fed early in the laying cycle in Series II-A. Comparisons of effects of 5% levels of some fish meals, and their oils at the levels found in the meals, indicated that the cause of objectionable flavor is not contained specifically in the fish oil. A higher level (1.5%) of oil, however, resulted in off-flavored eggs, especially when Peruvian anchovy oil was fed. Except in one trial, use of soybean meal or soybean oil produced eggs of good flavor.
A multilevel variational method for Au= Bu on composite Grids

Abstract There are two existing general approaches to the numerical solution of differential eigen-problems by multigrid, one which uses a linear multigrid solver for the inner loop of a linearization technique (e.g., inverse iteration) and the other which integrates multigrid directly into the problem solution (e.g., FAS ). The present paper developes a third multigridlike approach, RQMG, that appeals directly to the variational problem of minimizing the Rayleigh quotient, applying easily to both global and local grid implementations. Numerical results are presented for a simplified single group diffusion problem.
Surface waves between metallic films and truncated photonic crystals observed with reflectance spectroscopy.

We have analyzed and demonstrated surface-wave excitations, by propagating waves in air, at the interface between a truncated photonic crystal (PC) and a silver film in the near-infrared. The truncated PC was fabricated with several unit cells of alternating SiO2 and Si3N4 layers. The dispersion relation of surface waves was calculated using the supercell method. A Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer measured the spectral reflectance of the fabricated sample at different incidence angles. An angle-resolved laser scatterometer measured the reflectance as a function of the incidence angle at the wavelength of 891 nm. The agreement between the resonance conditions obtained from experiments and the calculated dispersion relation manifests that surface waves at the PC-Ag interface may be utilized to build coherent thermal-emission sources.
Average jet-charge density and direct measurement of quark charges.

A new method for the direct measurement of the quark charge is proposed. Instead of a neutrino beam, an electron, photon, or hadron beam can be used so the statistics is much larger in our method. Examples of $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}N$ and $e\ensuremath{-}N$ collisions are presented for measuring the $u$- and $d$-quark charge.
“How can we know the dancer from the dance?”: Discourses of the self-body

Critiques of the long-standing practice of representing the body and self (mind, emotions and intellect) dualistically have led to the current efforts to theorize the unity of the body and self. The expressions "lived experience" or "lived body" emerged out of phenomenological explorations of what it means to be embodied (Merleau-Ponty, 1962). They are used to connote that the body and mind cannot be represented as separate and oppositional and that body and self live in an interrelation not only with each other, but with the world. In this paper, I focus on illness as a mode of lived experience. Specifi? cally, I explore how Sandy (pseudonym), in narrating her experiences of kidney disease and cancer, represents her body and self. The paper progresses as follows: I first describe M.M. Bakhtin's (1981) theory of authoritative and internally persuasive discourses. I use his theory both as a context in which to understand medical science as a discursive practice and as an interpretive framework for understanding Sandy's stories. Following this, I briefly discuss the postmodern turn in medical science discourse. I then describe the conceptual framework developed by Sally Gadow (1982) for understanding unity of the ill body and self as a dialectic progression. Next, I introduce Sandy and present her narratives in which she describes three events of illness in her life. The use of these personal narratives demonstrates the value of building theory from life experiences, and "communicates the richness and depth of life as it is lived" (Paget, 1990: 151). My analysis of Sandy's stories, which draws on both Gadow and Bakhtin, follows. I suggest ways in which Sandy's self-representation of her body-self in illness demonstrates both the dialectic progression advanced by Gadow and the languages of authoritative and internally persuasive discourse posed by Bakhtin.
Quantitative MR characterization of disease activity in the knee in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a longitudinal pilot study

The development of a quantifiable and noninvasive method of monitoring disease activity and response to therapy is vital for arthritis management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) based on pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling to evaluate disease activity in the knee and correlate the results with the clinical assessment in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). A group of 17 children with JIA underwent longitudinal clinical and laboratory assessment and DCE-MRI of the knee at enrollment, 3 months, and 12 months. A PK model was employed using MRI signal enhancement data to give three parameters, Ktrans ′ (min−1), kep (min−1), and Vp ′ and to calculate synovial volume. The PK parameters, synovial volumes, and clinical and laboratory assessments in most children were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) at 12 months when compared to the enrollment values. There was excellent correlation between the PK and synovial volume and the clinical and laboratory assessments. Differences in MR and clinical parameter values in individual subjects illustrate persistent synovitis when in clinical remission. A decrease in PK parameter values obtained from DCE-MRI in children with JIA likely reflects diminution of disease activity. This technique may be used as an objective follow-up measure of therapeutic efficacy in patients with JIA. MR imaging can detect persistent synovitis in patients considered to be in clinical remission.
Revolving Fund Finance: The Case of Wastewater Treatment

This article examines the general topic of revolving fund finance by looking at the specific case of wastewater treatment. The analysis that follows focuses on the organization and administration of the fund to see what types of benefits are generated for the future rather than the present.
ansa-Zirconocene ester enolates: synthesis, structure, reaction with organo-lewis acids, and application to polymerization of methacrylates.

The synthesis, structural characterization, and abstraction chemistry of ansa-zirconocene ester enolate complexes relevant to the isospecific polymerization of methacrylates are reported. Reactions of rac-(EBI)ZrMe(OTf) and rac-(EBI)Zr(OTf)2 [EBI = C2H4(Ind)2] with 1 and 2 equiv of lithium isopropylisobutyrate in toluene produce the first examples of ansa-zirconocene mono- and diester enolate complexes: rac-(EBI)ZrMe[OC(OiPr)CMe2] (1) and rac-(EBI)Zr[OC(OiPr)CMe2]2 (2) in 89% and 50% isolated yields, respectively. The reaction of 1 with B(C6F5)3 was investigated in six different organic solvents; in THF at ambient temperature, this reaction cleanly produces the isolable cationic ansa-zirconocene ester enolate complex rac-(EBI)Zr+(THF)[OC(OiPr)CMe2][MeB(C6F5)3]- (3) in quantitative yield. The analogous reaction of 1 with Al(C6F5)3 in toluene, however, proceeds through a proposed novel, intramolecular proton transfer process in which propylene is eliminated from the isopropoxy group, subsequently producing...
Constitutively Activated FGFR3 Mutants Signal through PLCγ- Dependent and -Independent Pathways for Hematopoietic Transformation.

Ectopic expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) associated with t(4;14) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of human multiple myeloma. Some t(4;14) patients have activating mutations of FGFR3, of which a minority are K650E (thanatophoric dysplasia type II [TDII]). To investigate the role of autophosphorylated tyrosine residues in FGFR3 signal transduction and transformation, we characterized a series of FGFR3 TDII mutants with single or multiple Y→F substitutions. Phenylalanine substitution of Y760, essential for phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) binding and activation, significantly attenuated FGFR3 TDII–mediated PLCγ activation, as well as transformation in Ba/F3 cells and a murine bone marrow transplant leukemia model. In contrast, single substitution of Y577, Y724, or Y770 had minimal to moderate effects on TDII-dependent transformation. Substitution of all 4 non–activation loop tyrosine residues significantly attenuated, but did not abolish, TDII transforming activity. Similar observations were obtained in the context of a constitutively activated fusion TEL-FGFR3 associated with t(4;12)(p16;p13) peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Moreover, 2 independent EμSR-FGFR3 TDII transgenic mouse lines developed a pro-B-cell lymphoma, and PLCγ was highly activated in primary lymphoma cells as assessed by tyrosine phosphorylation. These data indicate that engagement of multiple signaling pathways, including PLCγ-dependent and PLCγ-independent pathways, is required for full hematopoietic transformation by constitutively activated FGFR3 mutants.
A self-consistent model of magneto-tunneling

Abstract We present a calculation of resonant tunneling in double barrier heterostructures in the presence of magnetic fields. Charge injection and the effective carrier potential are incorporated in self-consistent fashion. It is shown that this approach leads to improved agreement between theory and experiment. As compared to a non-self-consistent calculation, peak-to-valley ratios remain virtually unchanged, however, current peaks are highly asymmetric and increased both in height and width. Furthermore, current maxima are shifted to higher bias and intrinsic bistability is obtained in certain voltage regions.
SHEET STEEL COOKING WARE WHITE ENAMELS ECONOMICALLY SUITABLE FOR USE IN CHINA1

The research was carried on to develop data on sheet steel enamels which would be good enough and cheap enough for use in China. Substitutes for tin oxide were tested. An efficient and cheaply constructed kerosene fired enameling furnace was designed and built. Little could be gained by work on the ground coats. Sodium antimonate and calcined alumina yielded the cheapest enamels with quality almost equal to enamels made with tin oxide. Zirconium oxide yielded the best results when tested with acids. Cryolite could be reduced to the minimum and with benefit to the resulting product. High feldspar enamels proved to be most satisfactory. High zinc oxide content greatly increased the gloss but lowered the opacity. Calcined alumina failed when used alone.
Computerized utility assessment for cancer decision making: promises and pitfalls.

One consequence of the proliferation of both new treatments for cancer and the data that support these treatments is an increase in the complexity of the decisions that individual patients may face...