cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Large Kinetic Isotope Effects for the Protonolysis of Metal–Methyl Complexes Are Not Reliable Mechanistic Indicators

Earlier work on protonolyses of several palladium and platinum methyl complexes (with release of methane) had suggested the possibility that observation of an unusually large kinetic isotope effect, consistent with significant contributions from quantum mechanical tunneling, might be diagnostic of a mechanism involving direct protonation of the metal–methyl bond, as opposed to one proceeding via a metal hydride intermediate. By extension of these measurements to a wider set of complexes, we find no support for the proposed correlation.
Exciton-like trap states limit electron mobility in TiO2 nanotubes

Nanoparticle films have become a promising low-cost, high-surface-area electrode material for solar cells and solar fuel production. Compared to sintered nanoparticle films, oriented polycrystalline titania nanotubes offer the advantage of directed electron transport, and are expected to have higher electron mobility. However, macroscopic measurements have revealed their electron mobility to be as low as that of nanoparticle films. Here, we show, through time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy, that low mobility in polycrystalline TiO(2) nanotubes is not due to scattering from grain boundaries or disorder-induced localization as in other nanomaterials, but instead results from a single sharp resonance arising from exciton-like trap states. If the number of these states can be lowered, this could lead to improved electron transport in titania nanotubes and significantly better solar cell performance.
Alcohol, tobacco and drug use as reasons for abortion.

Aims: Concern about the effects of alcohol and drug use during pregnancy is intertwined with debates about abortion. There is concern that alcohol abstinence recommendations lead women using low levels of alcohol to terminate otherwise wanted pregnancies. This study examines how women describe alcohol, tobacco and/or drug use (ATOD) as reasons for deciding to have abortions and assesses the differences between women reporting and not reporting ATOD as reasons for deciding to have an abortion. Methods: Data come from the UCSF Turnaway Study which recruited 956 women seeking an abortion at one of 30 US clinics between 2008 and 2010. Mixed methods were used and data were analyzed through thematic coding and logistic regression. Results: Nearly 5% reported ATOD as a reason for abortion. Women worried that their ATOD had affected their baby's health and that their or their partner's ATOD would influence parenting. Most women (84%) who reported alcohol as a reason binge drank or had an alcohol-problem symptom in the month before discovering their pregnancy. Sixty-one percent who reported drugs as a reason used drugs, with 88% using more than once/week. Although two-thirds smoked tobacco, no woman reported tobacco alone as a reason. Ninety-eight percent of women reporting ATOD as a reason had unintended pregnancies. Conclusion: Women reporting ATOD as a reason drink at levels exceeding a low threshold and do not appear to be terminating otherwise wanted pregnancies. Thus, findings are inconsistent with hypotheses that abstinence recommendations and punitive policies lead women using low levels of alcohol or using drugs to terminate otherwise wanted pregnancies.
A Bayesian biosurveillance method that models unknown outbreak diseases

Algorithms for detecting anomalous events can be divided into those that are designed to detect specific diseases and those that are non-specific in what they detect. Specific detection methods determine if patterns in the data are consistent with known outbreak diseases, as for example influenza. These methods are usually Bayesian. Non-specific detection methods attempt broadly to detect deviations from some model of the non-outbreak situation, regardless of which disease might be causing the deviation. Many frequentist outbreak detection methods are non-specific. In this paper, we introduce a Bayesian approach for detecting both specific and non-specific disease outbreaks, and we report a preliminary study of the approach.
The neuronal chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan neurocan binds to the neural cell adhesion molecules Ng-CAM/L1/NILE and N-CAM, and inhibits neuronal adhesion and neurite outgrowth

We have previously shown that aggregation of microbeads coated with N-CAM and Ng-CAM is inhibited by incubation with soluble neurocan, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan of brain, suggesting that neurocan binds to these cell adhesion molecules (Grumet, M., A. Flaccus, and R. U. Margolis. 1993. J. Cell Biol. 120:815). To investigate these interactions more directly, we have tested binding of soluble 125I-neurocan to microwells coated with different glycoproteins. Neurocan bound at high levels to Ng-CAM and N-CAM, but little or no binding was detected to myelin-associated glycoprotein, EGF receptor, fibronectin, laminin, and collagen IV. The binding to Ng-CAM and N-CAM was saturable and in each case Scatchard plots indicated a high affinity binding site with a dissociation constant of approximately 1 nM. Binding was significantly reduced after treatment of neurocan with chondroitinase, and free chondroitin sulfate inhibited binding of neurocan to Ng-CAM and N-CAM. These results indicate a role for chondroitin sulfate in this process, although the core glycoprotein also has binding activity. The COOH-terminal half of neurocan was shown to have binding properties essentially identical to those of the full-length proteoglycan. To study the potential biological functions of neurocan, its effects on neuronal adhesion and neurite growth were analyzed. When neurons were incubated on dishes coated with different combinations of neurocan and Ng-CAM, neuronal adhesion and neurite extension were inhibited. Experiments using anti-Ng-CAM antibodies as a substrate also indicate that neurocan has a direct inhibitory effect on neuronal adhesion and neurite growth. Immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections showed that neurocan, Ng-CAM, and N-CAM are all present at highest concentration in the molecular layer and fiber tracts of developing cerebellum. The overlapping localization in vivo, the molecular binding studies, and the striking effects on neuronal adhesion and neurite growth support the view that neurocan may modulate neuronal adhesion and neurite growth during development by binding to neural cell adhesion molecules.
Splenectomy in thalassaemia major: experience at Madina Maternity and Children's Hospital, Saudi Arabia

Eighteen (32%) of 56 children with thalassaemia major, whose ages ranged from 5 to 12 years (mean 8.8), underwent splenectomy at Madina Maternity and Children's Hospital, Saudi Arabia during the period January 1992 to December 1999. This retrospective study was undertaken with the aim of discovering the outcome. The indications for splenectomy were increased transfusion requirements and massive splenomegaly in 17 children and splenic abscess in one. Polyvalent pneumococcal and Haemophilus influenza vaccines were not available and all the children therefore received intramuscular benzathine penicillin prophylaxis prior to surgery and oral penicillin prophylactically afterwards. Post-splenectomy septicaemia did not occur. The mean transfusion requirement reduced from 2 to 4 weeks and the mean pre-transfusion haemoglobin rose from 6 to 9 g/dl. There were no deaths. We conclude that splenectomy can be performed safely in children over 5 years of age with thalassaemia, and that pre- and post-operative penicillin can be given prophylactically in the absence of the recommended vaccines.
Comparison of accuracy in five measures of stress.

36 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to stress by immersion, erratic photoperiod and crowding for 28 days. Control and experimental animals were sacrificed and the thymus, spleen, adrenals, testis, and pituitary were removed and their weights were recorded as a ratio of organ weight to body weight. The pituitary was the most accurate measure of stress according to Z scores.
SECONDARY PRODUCTION OF APEDILUM ELACHISTUM TOWNES (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) IN SIMULATED RESERVOIR WETLANDS

The chironomid fauna living on an exotic macrophyte, Eurasian water milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), was studied quantitatively for a year in experimental ponds constructed to simulate reservoir wetlands. A total of 10 species, 2 Orthocladiinae, 5 Chironominae, and 3 Tanypodinae, were recorded. Of these 10 chironomid species, Apedilum elachistum comprised 79% of all chironomid larvae collected on the plants. Annual production of A. elachistum was estimated by the size-frequency method to be 9.9 g dry mass/m2/yr for milfoil surface area, which is among the highest production estimates reported for a single species. Annual production/biomass was 79/yr. Laboratory-reared larvae required an average of 23 days at 15°, 16 days at 20°, and 11 days at 25 °C to complete their development from first instar to imago.
Planetary- and Synoptic-Scale Signatures Associated with Central American Cold Surges

Abstract Motivated by outstanding issues from a previous case study of a midlatitude cold surge that affected Mexico and Central America, the climatology of Central American cold surges is examined in this paper. An independently derived listing of 177 cold-surge events is employed for which the following properties are tabulated: onset date, duration, time between cold-surge events, latitude of maximum equatorward penetration (ϕmin), and 48-h maximum surface temperature change at Merida, Mexico (ΔT). These data show that 75% of the cold surges have durations of 2–6 days, the same timescale as mobile disturbances in the westerlies. Also, there does not appear to be any relationship between ΔT and the duration of the event, although cold surges that penetrate to low latitudes (ϕmin = 7°–10°N) have a weak tendency to persist longer than those that do not penetrate to low latitudes (ϕmin = 15°–20°N). In addition, the Reding data indicate that the cold surges tend to reach their most equatorward extent where ...
Identification of bacteria synthesizing ribosomal RNA in response to uranium addition during biostimulation at the Rifle, CO Integrated Field Research site

Understanding which organisms are capable of reducing uranium at historically contaminated sites provides crucial information needed to evaluate treatment options and outcomes. One approach is determination of the bacteria which directly respond to uranium addition. In this study, uranium amendments were made to groundwater samples from a site of ongoing biostimulation with acetate. The active microbes in the planktonic phase were deduced by monitoring ribosomes production via RT-PCR. The results indicated several microorganisms were synthesizing ribosomes in proportion with uranium amendment up to 2 μM. Concentrations of U (VI) >2 μM were generally found to inhibit ribosome synthesis. Two active bacteria responding to uranium addition in the field were close relatives of Desulfobacter postgateii and Geobacter bemidjiensis. Since RNA content often increases with growth rate, our findings suggest it is possible to rapidly elucidate active bacteria responding to the addition of uranium in field samples and provides a more targeted approach to stimulate specific populations to enhance radionuclide reduction in contaminated sites.
Parental Support, Mental Health, and Alcohol and Marijuana Use in National and High-Risk African-American Adolescent Samples:

African-American adolescents experience disproportionate rates of negative consequences of substance use despite using substances at average or below-average rates. Due to underrepresentation of African-American adolescents in etiological literature, risk and protective processes associated with their substance use require further study. This study examines the role of parental support in adolescents' conduct problems (CPs), depressive symptoms (DSs), and alcohol and marijuana use in a national sample and a high-risk sample of African-American adolescents. In both samples, parental support was inversely related to adolescent CPs, DSs, and alcohol and marijuana use. CPs, but not DSs, partially mediated the relation of parental support to substance use. Results were consistent across the national and high-risk samples, suggesting that the protective effect of parental support applies to African-American adolescents from a range of demographic backgrounds.
In vitro fertilization outcomes after fresh and frozen blastocyst transfer in South Asian compared with Caucasian women

Objective To study pregnancy outcomes between South Asian and Caucasian women undergoing frozen blastocyst transfer cycles. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Not applicable. Patient(s) Caucasian and South Asian patients undergoing frozen blastocyst transfer between January 2011 and December 2014. Intervention(s) Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure(s) Live birth rate. Result(s) A total of 196 Caucasian and 117 South Asian women were included in our study. Indians were on average 2.2 years younger than Caucasian women (34.9 vs. 37.1 years), and were more likely to be nulliparous (59% vs. 43%). All other baseline characteristics were similar. In women undergoing their first frozen ET cycle, implantation rate (49% vs. 47%), clinical pregnancy rate (PR; 54% vs. 49%), and live birth rate (43% vs. 43%) were similar between South Asians and Caucasians, respectively. In patients who underwent a prior fresh blastocyst transfer, the live birth rate was significantly lower in South Asian versus Caucasian women (21% vs. 37%). Conclusion(s) Our data demonstrate that IVF outcomes are better in frozen versus fresh cycles among South Asian women. The IVF clinics may wish to consider these findings when counseling South Asian patients about the timing of ET.
Methods of Plaque Removal by the Patient

In order to control dental disease, the daily removal of dental plaque/biofilm by the patient is essential. As mentioned previously, patients must be concordant to perform the techniques of plaque removal, they must know how to perform the appropriate techniques to completely dislodge plaque from the teeth or dental prosthesis, and they must have the access to reach the surfaces exposed to the oral environment. The techniques to remove the biofilm are tailored to each patient with respect to their periodontal biotype and their manual dexterity. It is not a “one size fits all” technique for plaque/biofilm removal, and in fact, there might be different techniques used in different areas of the mouth for a single individual. The aim of this chapter is to discuss techniques of plaque removal by the patient and integrating concepts of motivation. Because the color of plaque blends with the tooth and is not easily seen by the patient or in many instances by the clinician, this chapter will begin by discussing how to visualize dental plaque.
Do Histopathologic Variables Affect the Reporting of Lymphovascular Invasion in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors

Objectives: Identification of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) is a challenging yet important aspect of cancer staging that can alter therapeutic management. Our study aimed to identify pathologic features that affect the reporting of LVI. Methods: Pathology report and slide review of orchiectomies performed at our institution between 2007 and 2013 for testicular GCTs were performed. Results: Seminomas grossed by residents had a higher rate of reported LVI compared with specimens grossed by pathology assistants (46% vs 15%). Tumor displacement artifact was more frequent in seminomas vs mixed GCTs (60% vs 38%). LVI concordance was high upon review (κ = 0.77), with displacement artifact present in all discrepancies. Tumor emboli from cases reported to have LVI had a higher frequency of tumor cohesiveness, smooth contours, and adherence to vessel walls compared with tumor emboli that were considered pseudo-LVI. Presence of fibrin and RBCs were features found at a similar frequency in emboli that were reported as LVI compared with those deemed artifactual. Conclusions: Grosser type, tumor subtype, tumor displacement artifact, and characteristics of tumor emboli are pathologic features that affect the interpretation of LVI in testicular GCTs. Pathologists should be aware of these variables to more accurately diagnose LVI.
Un demi-siècle de développement des alliages de zirconium

Depuis les annees soixante, et afin d’accroitre leur performance en reacteur, les composants en alliages de zirconium ont beaucoup evolue : les procedes de fabrication des alliages classiques (Zircaloy 2 et Zircaloy 4) ont ete optimises, les compositions resserrees et d’autres alliages plus performants ont ete developpes. Cet article dresse le panorama de ces evolutions pour les reacteurs a eau legere.
A universal power-law scaling exponent for fracture apertures in sandstones

A high-resolution data set of kinematic aperture (opening displacement) of opening-mode fractures, from large (up to 2 m long) quartz-cemented sandstone samples, shows that microfractures are ubiquitous and that most natural-fracture sets are better fit by power-law size distributions than by exponential, normal, or log-normal distributions. The data set includes 3822 fractures within 68 scanlines from eight formations on three continents. Kinematic apertures were measured along scanlines using scanning electron microscope–based cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) and, for field data, using a hand lens. Microtextural evidence from SEM-CL shows that power law–distributed fractures typically have crack-seal texture and are composed of opening increments having a narrow (characteristic) aperture size range. In contrast, rare non-power-law–distributed fracture populations lack crack-seal texture. Power-law exponents, as measured in one dimension, have values of −0.8 ± 0.1. Most variation among fracture sets results from power-law coefficients, which constitute a scale-invariant measure of fracture intensity. We show how observed scaling patterns can be used to improve estimations of large-fracture spacing in cases where fracture sampling is limited, as by the width of cores. The low (
Afterreligion after Religion

Cet article presente le livre de S. Wasserstrom, Religion after religion, 1999, en en donnant les grandes lignes, comme l'etude serree des trois erudits Eliade, Corbin et Scholem. Ce qu'il souligne surtout, c'est son etude des affinites entre l'approche commune de la religion pendant certaines des annees les plus sombres du vingtieme siecle et le decisionisme de Junger, Schmitt et Heidegger. L'A. remercie Wasserstrom pour ses recherches sur les affinites entre les theories de la religion et les theories politiques qui ont prevalu dans les annees 1920 et 1930.
425 IMPLEMENTATION OF A CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING PROGRAM FOR HIV-INFECTED WOMEN IN NAIROBI, KENYA.

Purpose/Background Women in developing countries face some of the highest rates of cervical cancer in the world. Similarly, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women are at much greater risk of cervical cancer than their HIV-negative counterparts. A cervical cancer screening program for HIV-positive African women was designed to address the intersection of these two public health concerns. Objective To implement a cervical cancer screening program for women receiving HIV care in a Nairobi clinic, as per guidelines outlined in previously conducted needs assessment. Methods Develop infrastructure clinic-wide to support a sustainable program, including training staff, acquiring necessary medical supplies and patient education materials, creating clinic forms and data tracking systems, and establishing a protocol for ongoing management of abnormal results. Results/Conclusions A cervical cancer screening program was established to screen HIV-positive women with an initial target patient population defined as women aged 30 to 39 who were currently on ARV therapy (approximately 550 women). Clinicians counseled and referred patients to a Pap smear procedure clinic conducted by nurses. Slides were read by an on-site pathologist with an estimated turnaround time of 1 week. Clinicians informed patients of results at follow-up appointments and made referrals to the national hospital for additional diagnostics and treatment as indicated. A special fund was established at the national hospital to subsidize care for patients referred from the program. Program monitoring and evaluation are ongoing.
Pathogenic bacteria and vice hemolytic solitary pandemic cloning research in Jiangsu

Objective:To learn the status of pandemic and pathogenic strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Jiangsu.Methods: Collecting 463 strains of V.parahaemolyticus isolated from aquatic products,food,patients of food outbreaks,sporadic diarrhea outpatients of active surveillance hospitals to investigate genes of toxRS/new,tdh,trh genes.Results: There existed pandemic strains and pathogenic strains in food chains.The strains from patients were mainly pandemic strains,then pathogenic strains.Conclusion: The pandemic strains and pathogenic strains in food chains were the main reason that caused foodborne breaks in China.To control the pandemic and pathogenic strains in circular chains was the key measure to reduce the foodborne outbreaks in China.
Comparative usefulness of MEDLINE searches performed by a drug information pharmacist and by medical librarians

The usefulness of MEDLINE searches conducted by a drug information pharmacist who had received online training was compared with the usefulness of searches conducted by medical librarians. Searches for literature pertinent to select drug information requests received at a university drug consultation service during a three-month period were conducted independently by the pharmacist and one of three reference librarians. The three librarians had received extensive online search training and were experienced in conducting MEDLINE searches; the pharmacist was trained by a fourth experienced librarian-searcher using National Library of Medicine (NLM) training materials. For each drug information request, the pharmacist and the librarian searched two MEDLINE files on the NLM service. The printouts generated by the two searchers were evaluated by two drug information pharmacists in terms of how useful each list of citations would be in enabling the drug information pharmacists to answer the related question. The majority of printouts in 48 sets of searches were judged to be useful. Of the 96 possible "best search" votes (two votes for each of the 48 sets of printouts), the pharmacist's searches received 34 votes, the librarians' searches received 28 votes, and there were 34 tie votes. The numbers of useful primary and alternate citations were found to be the best predictors of whether a given printout would receive the "best search" rating. MEDLINE searches performed by a drug information pharmacist with online training, in response to drug information requests, were judged by drug information pharmacists to be as useful as searches performed by librarians.
Adolescent sexuality: promoting the search for hidden values.

The orientation and values that practitioners bring to treatment of teens and their families on sexual issues are critical, especially when adolescent pregnancy and the spread of AIDS are major health care priorities. This article, through the use of a case study used in an exercise, serves to encourage multi-linear thinking about the influence of values on the treatment of sexually active teenagers by establishing a beginning framework for understanding the nature of values and the pervasiveness of the influence they exert. The case illustrated involves a 16-year-old who has been defiant and estranged from her parents since she began having regular sexual intercourse with her boyfriend. Although the therapist believes the girl is both knowledgeable and responsible in her use of birth control and AIDS protection, she also believes that sexual intercourse at this age is inappropriate and destructive to the girl's well-being. The pros and cons of notifying the girl's parents are discussed. The participants in the exercise are asked to try alternatives, such as, considering a 16-year-old boy or a younger teen in the same situation, before deciding whether or not the therapist should divulge the information to the parents. The participants each defend the positions they chose. It is this way, gender- and age-related values of participants can be discerned. It is concluded that although we are never free of our value systems, it is possible to use values positively and consciously. Language: en
Land revenue and rural society

In 1580 Todar Mal began a drastic experiment designed to completely restructure the Mughal agrarian revenue system. The revenue ministry under Todar Mal established a fresh, accurate revenue assessment to be placed against each village, pargana, revenue circle, district, and province. In forcing its agrarian system upon the variegated aristocracy of the North Indian plain, the Mughals began to compress and shape a new social class. The social class found itself becoming more dependent upon the state for its prosperity and for an essential aspect of its identity. Mughal success in the countryside relied upon the services of numerous local members of a gentry class whose interests and activities were both rural and urban. Akbar's new policy forced grantees to shift their holdings to selected parganas and districts within the central provinces of North India where these tax-free land grants could be better managed and controlled. Such grants provided a living to a substantial number of Muslim and non-Muslim gentry.
Biomedical Polymers: An Overview

Polymers are the most multifaceted class of biomaterials that are routinely being used for biomedical applications ranging from surgical sutures to tissue engineering scaffolds, medical implants, and drug-eluting devices.
Contrast-Enhanced Digital Mammography

Digital mammography has more or less replaced conventional full-field digital mammography. Nevertheless, breast density still remains a concern with possible summation and obscuration of underlying cancers. Digital mammography offers advanced application such as trauma synthesis and contrast-enhanced mammography. Both of these are promising for improved cancer detection that would otherwise be obscured by dense breast tissue. Contrast-enhanced digital mammography is a promising new technology that can combine anatomic and physiologic information at the same time. Similar to magnetic resonance imaging, it uses contrast to delineate neovascularity that is associated with malignancy. The contrast used is iodinated contrast, a familiar contrast agent in most radiology departments.
Experimental modification of dysfunctional interpretations in individuals with contamination concerns.

Abstract Background and objectives Dysfunctional interpretations of intrusive thoughts are implicated in the etiology and maintenance of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Cognitive Bias Modification training for interpretations (CBM-I) has successfully modified dysfunctional interpretations in the context of several disorders, including OCD. However, research regarding CBM-I's impact on symptom reduction and behavior is mixed, which limits its clinical application. Further, support for the specific efficacy of CBM-I in individuals with contamination concerns is limited. The current study aimed to modify dysfunctional interpretations in individuals with contamination concerns, and examine the effect of the modification on both interpretation bias and performance on a behavioral approach task (BAT). Methods Participants (N = 74) completed a word-sentence association task by indicating whether a threatening or benign word was related to an ambiguous scenario. The active condition received feedback designed to reduce maladaptive interpretations; the control condition received random feedback. Results Findings revealed that the active—but not the control—condition showed a significant decrease in interpretation bias for threat cues. Analyses of behavioral effects indicated that when ceiling effects were accounted for, the active condition completed more BAT steps than the control condition (p = 0.06; d = 0.45). Limitations The current study is preliminary and requires replication with a clinical sample. Conclusions Completion of the CBM-I was beneficial for reducing dysfunctional interpretations relevant to naturally-occurring contamination concerns and, importantly, this reduction may help those individuals approach feared situations.
Abstract A117: CXCR1 is required for neutrophil recruitment to wounds and Kras-transformed cells in zebrafish

Neutrophils are the first responder cells to sites of infection and tissue damage. Evidence from patient tumors and animal models of cancer also suggest that they are highly recruited to the tumor microenvironment, though their role there is still poorly understood. The larval zebrafish is an excellent model to study neutrophil migration and chemotaxis in vivo and is an emerging model for cancer development and progression. Here, we use the zebrafish to model Kras-driven oncogenesis in keratinocytes and glial cells. Beginning at 3 days post fertilization (dpf), we observe invasive EMT-like cell shape changes in oncogenic mutant Kras (KrasG12V) expressing cells as well as enhanced cell proliferation as marked by phospho-histone H3. Using fluorescently labeled transgenic lines, we demonstrate that neutrophils are recruited to transformed cells and that blocking this recruitment results in decreased proliferation of transformed cells, suggesting that neutrophils may play a tumor-promotional role in our model. To determine the method of neutrophil chemotaxis to transformed cells, we used Transcription Activator-like Effector Nuclease (TALEN) mutagenesis to generate zebrafish mutants for the chemokine receptor CXCR1, which is known regulate neutrophil chemotaxis. We demonstrate that CXCR1 is required for neutrophil chemotaxis to a tail-transection wound and to Kras-transformed cells in zebrafish. Together these data suggest that blocking CXCR1 activity may reduce neutrophilic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment which may in turn reduce tumor cell proliferation and slow tumor progression. Citation Format: Davalyn Powell, Qing Deng, Anna Huttenlocher. CXCR1 is required for neutrophil recruitment to wounds and Kras-transformed cells in zebrafish [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A117.
Designing an Engaged Swarm: Toward a Techne for Multi-Class, Interdisciplinary Collaborations with Nonprofit Partners

This essay proposes a model of university-community partnership called “an engaged swarm” that mobilizes networks of students from across classes and disciplines to work with off-campus partners such as nonprofits. Based on theories that translate the distributed, adaptive, and flexible activity of actors in biological systems to organizational networks that include humans, swarms are well-suited to providing a diverse range of responses to complex problems. As such, swarming tactics can be useful when applied to nonprofit organizations that do not have the capacity or time to redesign their communications strategy across print, web, and social media platforms. Employing a case study of three classes that collectively produced a wide range of multimedia artifacts for a nonprofit in a single semester, the essay illustrates how a swarm embedded within a university operates, and concludes by providing a schema for modifying swarms to future partnerships.
Taxonomy of ' Euconnus complex'. Part XIV. Diarthroconnus is removed from synonymy with Psomophus and placed as a junior synonym of Euconnus s. str. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)

Diarthroconnus Ganglbauer, a subgenus of Euconnus Thomson, was proposed 117 years ago to accommodate one bizarre European species, E. birnbacheri Ganglbauer. Nine-segmented antennae with club composed of two terminal antennomeres was the main diagnostic character of the species and subgenus. Later authors interpreted this feature as a teratological abnormality, and E. birnbacheri as a junior synonym or an infraspecific taxon of E. intrusus Schaum. This led to listing Diarthroconnus as a junior synonym of Psomophus Casey in all existing catalogs, the latter being a subgenus of Euconnus to which E. intrusus belongs. However, since Ganglbauer's publication the type series of E. birnbacheri has not been studied and all taxonomic actions were results of interpreting his original description. Two syntypes of E. birnbacheri were recently rediscovered, and it was possible to clarify the status of Diarthroconnus . Euconnus birnbacheri was identified as identical with Euconnus (s. str.) fimetarius (Chaudoir), and consequently Diarthroconnus is removed from synonymy with Psomophus and placed as a junior synonym of Euconnus s. str. A lectotype is designated for Euconnus birnbacheri .
Tumors of the elbow and forearm.

SUMMARY The trend in the treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities has been away from radical surgery and toward conservative, limb-sparing surgery, a trend that is present throughout other subdisciplines of surgical oncology. Organ-sparing and limb-sparing surgery has been combined with the use of adjuvants to give equivalent local control and in some cases improved survival. This article summarizes the current staging and treatment of bone and soft tissue tumors of the extremities and discusses some of the features that are unique to the elbow and forearm.
Slow convergence in generalized central limit theorems

Abstract We study the central limit theorem in the non-normal domain of attraction to symmetric α-stable laws for 0 α ≤ 2 . We show that for i.i.d. random variables X i , the convergence rate in L ∞ of both the densities and distributions of ∑ i n X i / ( n 1 / α L ( n ) ) is at best logarithmic if L is a non-trivial slowly varying function. Asymptotic laws for several physical processes have been derived using convergence of ∑ i = 1 n X i / n log ⁡ n to Gaussian distributions. Our result implies that such asymptotic laws are accurate only for exponentially large n.
General Spatial Econometric Conclusions

What should be clear from the exercises presented is that in most of them, classical “regression” has been combined with mathematical programming to obtain the desired estimators.
Role of Vancomycin Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations by Modified Population Analysis Profile Method and Clinical Outcomes in High Inoculum Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections

Vancomycin remains the standard of care for invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Treatment failures from heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate subpopulations (hVISA) are challenging to detect. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) identified by modified population analysis profile (PAP) is an alternative testing method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of PAP MIC on vancomycin failures in two high inoculum infections: MRSA infective endocarditis and pneumonia. Retrospective, observational study at Detroit Medical Center from 2008 to 2016. Adults ≥ 18 years with ≥ 1 positive MRSA blood culture from IE or pneumonia source and received ≥ 48 h vancomycin were included. The primary outcome was composite failure: MRSA bacteremia ≥ 7 days or 30-day all-cause mortality. A total of 191 patients were included; 47.6% IE and 52.4% pneumonia. About 19% were hVISA isolates, median vancomycin PAP MIC of 3 (2, 3). More than half (54.5%) experienced composite failure with a larger proportion of PAP MIC ≥ 4 mg/L in this group (25 vs. 15%, p = 0.086). Patients with IE experienced prolonged bacteremia whereas patients with pneumonia experienced higher 30-day mortality. On logistic regression analysis, age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.026; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.005–1.047; p = 0.014] and APACHE II score (aOR 1.039; 95% CI, 1.004–1.076; p = 0.029) independently predicted composite failure. Vancomycin PAP MIC may be a more relevant predictor of patient outcomes in persistent bacteremic MRSA infections (e.g., IE). This susceptibility method is less applicable in other high inoculum infections with shorter bacteremia durations and higher mortality rates (e.g., pneumonia).
Analysis of 1:4 resonance in a monopoly model with memory

Abstract Resonances generate complicated bifurcation sequences. To design a picture of the bifurcation sequence occurring in the presence of a particular strong resonance, the two-parameters bifurcation of the equilibrium of a monopoly model with gradient adjustment mechanism and log-concave demand function is analyzed. Locally, the equilibrium may be destabilized through a period doubling or a supercritical Neimark–Sacker bifurcation. From a global perspective, it is also shown that the model undergoes strong resonances, such as the resonance 1:4, by using a continuation procedure. One of the interesting issue to tackle for this resonance is the investigation of the heteroclinic bifurcations which occur when pairs of saddles form connections near the 1:4 resonance. Therefore, the global analysis, through the description of the phase portraits and the basins of attractions, illustrates the theoretical features associated with the resonance and display interesting and complex dynamical behaviors, like the emergence of square and clover orbits.
Theory and Calculation of the Deformation Potential Electron-Phonon Scattering Rates in Semiconductors

Our ultimate goal is the simulation of carrier transport in semiconductors using the potential of the ions as the sole input. This should enable us to describe within a single framework both the carrier kinematics (band structure) and most of the dynamics (carrier-phonon collisions), and will constitute a stringent test for our understanding of semiclassical charge transport in semiconductors.
Hubble Space Telescope electrical power system simulation breadboard

The components and operation of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) electrical power system (EPS) breadboard are described. The HST EPS breadboard consists of: (1) the power distribution breadboard, (2) the batteries, (3) the solar array simulators, (4) the load banks, (5) the charge current control hardware, and (6) a control computer; the functions of each of these elements are discussed. The HST EPS has been used to simulate changes in charge level, charge control schemes, and beta angle, failed cells, batteries, solar panel assemblies (SPAs), beginning of life SPAs, and end of life SPAs, and temperature differences. The test data reveal that the HST EPS is capable of operating over a wide range of conditions.
A STUDY OF QUASI-STATIC DELAMINATION IN SANDWICH STRUCTURES

Delamination of sandwich columns is studied using a relatively simple cohesive layer model. The model is described in some detail and is incorporated as a user supplied element (UEL) in a finite element package. The model is shown to predict accurately the test results of delamination of a facing sheet of a sandwich member. The accuracy of the model is seen to be superior to a model previously proposed by the authors, which predicts an earlier termination of crack growth. The UEL model is applied to a sandwich column investigated by earlier investigators — a column that is relatively stout (ratio of length (L) to depth (d) ≈ 7.3) and has stiff facing sheets (ratio of depth d to the thickness (h) of facings ≈ 15). The model is able to capture the onset of delamination buckling, sudden delamination growth at nearly constant compression, stable delamination growth and reaching of a limit point of the load carrying capacity. A slender sandwich column with relatively thin facings (L/d ≈ 15, d/h ≈ 40) is next considered. It indicates that overall bending tends to inhibit delamination growth under quasistatic loading as it tends to keep the delaminated surfaces in contact.
Hyper-Real Residue Class Fields

In this chapter, we continue the study, initiated in Chapter 5, of the algebraic structure and order structure of hyper-real residue class fields of C(X). Although none of the material developed after Chapter 5 will be called upon, we shall need quite a bit more of the abstract theory of fields than heretofore. We begin with a summary of these algebraic prerequisites.
Objective sleep in pregnant women: a comparison of actigraphy and polysomnography

Abstract Objectives To compare different actigraphy scoring settings with polysomnography (PSG) for 1 night of total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep onset latency (SOL) in healthy pregnant women between 6 and 7 months of gestation. Design Secondary analysis using data from a case-control study. Setting A large university-affiliated hospital in the Midwestern United States. Participants A total of 78 pregnant women were recruited, among which 38 healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies were included for this analysis. Measurements Participants had an overnight PSG assessment at a sleep center while simultaneously wearing an actigraph (Minimitter; Philips Respironics, Andover, MA). Sleep parameters from both devices included TST, SE, WASO, and SOL. Four scoring settings were used to obtain these parameters from actigraphy. Bland-Altman tests were used to evaluate the agreement between sleep variables scored independently from actigraphy and PSG. Results The default scoring setting (10-by-40) yielded significantly different results from the PSG (P Conclusions Findings from this study do not support the use of default actigraph settings in pregnant women. In contrast, the 10-by-10 scoring setting provided the greatest agreement and least bias in comparison with PSG for sleep measurements. The 10-by-10 scoring setting is recommended to be used in studies consisting of pregnant women.
Parent-Implemented Communication Treatment for Infants and Toddlers With Hearing Loss: A Randomized Pilot Trial.

Purpose Despite advances in cochlear implant and hearing aid technology, many children with hearing loss continue to exhibit poorer language skills than their hearing peers. This randomized pilot t...
Energy-efficient FPGA Spiking Neural Accelerators with Supervised and Unsupervised Spike-timing-dependent-Plasticity

The liquid state machine (LSM) is a model of recurrent spiking neural networks (SNNs) and provides an appealing brain-inspired computing paradigm for machine-learning applications. Moreover, operated by processing information directly on spiking events, the LSM is amenable to efficient event-driven hardware implementation. However, training SNNs is, in general, a difficult task as synaptic weights shall be updated based on neural firing activities while achieving a learning objective. In this article, we explore bio-plausible spike-timing-dependent-plasticity (STDP) mechanisms to train liquid state machine models with and without supervision. First, we employ a supervised STDP rule to train the output layer of the LSM while delivering good classification performance. Furthermore, a hardware-friendly unsupervised STDP rule is leveraged to train the recurrent reservoir to further boost the performance. We pursue efficient hardware implementation of FPGA LSM accelerators by performing algorithm-level optimization of the two proposed training rules and exploiting the self-organizing behaviors naturally induced by STDP.Several recurrent spiking neural accelerators are built on a Xilinx Zync ZC-706 platform and trained for speech recognition with the TI46 speech corpus as the benchmark. Adopting the two proposed unsupervised and supervised STDP rules outperforms the recognition accuracy of a competitive non-STDP baseline training algorithm by up to 3.47%.
Tuning range-separated DFT functionals for modeling the peak absorption of MEH-PPV polymer in various solvents

Abstract Density Functional Theory (DFT) and time-dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) are powerful tools for modeling orbital energy in conjugated molecules. Range Separated (RS) functionals vary the percentage of Hartree-Fock and DFT exchange for long-range and short-range interactions and are used in cases involving charge transfer excitation. The accuracy of the computed results using RS functionals depends on the range-separation parameter (ω) whose optimal values are not always known. Conjugated polymers add additional difficulty because the length of the polymer can vary. In this study, accurate values of ω for three lengths of MEH-PPV polymer (trimer, tetramer, and pentamer) in five different solvents (chloroform, chlorobenzene, xylene, Tetrahydrofuran, and dichloromethane) are reported using the RS functionals wB97XD and CAM-B3LYP. Range separation parameters are predicted and used for longer polymer chains. The differences in the ω for different solvents is statistically significant and gives insight into the polymer/solvent interaction.
Acute Hyperglycemia Reverses Neurovascular Coupling During Dark to Light Adaptation in Healthy Subjects on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose To test the hypothesis that hyperglycemia perturbs neurovascular\ coupling and compromises retinal vascular response during transition from dark to light in healthy subjects using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods Ten eyes of 10 healthy subjects were tested, first during fasting and then after receiving a 75-g oral glucose solution. In both sessions, OCTA imaging was done in the dark-adapted state and at 50 seconds, 2 minutes, 5 minutes, and 15 minutes of ambient light. Parafoveal vessel density (VD) and adjusted flow index (AFI) were calculated for the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), middle capillary plexus (MCP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP), and vessel length density was calculated for the SCP. These measurements were compared among conditions after adjusting for age, refractive error, and OCTA scan quality. Results Hyperglycemia leads to a complete reversal of dark/light adaptation trends in VD and AFI in all layers of the inner retina. In the dark, there is significantly decreased VD in the DCP in hyperglycemia. With a transition to light in hyperglycemia, we observed decreased VD in the SCP, increased vessel density in the MCP and DCP, and decreased AFI in all three layers. Conclusions Our results show that hyperglycemia significantly disrupts neurovascular coupling in healthy eyes, with potential metabolic deficits affecting photoreceptor oxygen demands during dark adaptation and the inner retina during light exposure. In pathological states, such as diabetic retinopathy, where the vasculature is already attenuated, retinal neurons may be exquisitely vulnerable to intermittent hyperglycemic challenge, which should be the focus of future studies.
ENCKEHH: an integrator for gravitational dynamics with a dominant mass that achieves optimal error behaviour

We present EnckeHH, a new, highly accurate code for orbital dynamics of perturbed Keplerian systems such as planetary systems or galactic centre systems. It solves Encke's equations of motion, which assume perturbed Keplerian orbits. By incorporating numerical techniques, we have made the code follow optimal roundoff error growth. In a $10^ {12}$ day integration of the outer Solar System, EnckeHH was $3.5$ orders of magnitude more accurate than IAS15 in a fixed time step test. Adaptive steps are recommended for IAS15. Through study of efficiency plots, we show that EnckeHH reaches significantly higher accuracy than the Rebound integrators IAS15 and WHCKL for fixed step size.
Depolymerization of polystyrene under ambient conditions

Depolymerization of the addition polymer polystyrene to monomeric styrene is facilitated by mechanochemical processing at room temperature under ambient atmosphere. The reaction occurs in metal-based milling media in concert with scission of macromolecular chains that generates carbon-centered free-radicals detectable by EPR spectroscopy, even though the processing is performed in air.