cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Desired pregnancy during adolescence.

25 primiparous adolescents 13-18 years of age who actively desired or wanted pregnancy were compared with those who did not actively desire pregnancy to determine factors which contribute to wanting the pregnancy. Factors included peer expectations marital status fertility awareness contraceptive use and affective status. Positive status associated with marriage especially among adolescents who conceived while single but subsequently married was an important difference between desired and undesired pregnancies. Social expectations among peers seemed to reflect the greatest difference between desired and undesired pregnancy. The teens desiring pregnancy had a more positive peer expectation of being treated better after delivery. Nonutilization of birth control and surprise at conception was the same for desired and nondesired pregnancy although the majority of both groups knew where to obtain contraception. (authors modified)
Stereotyping Hispanics: The Differential Effect of Research Method, Label, and Degree of Contact

Abstract One hundred Anglo university students were asked to rate a number of ethnic/national groups (American, Chicano, Mexican American, Hispanic, Puerto Rican, Japanese, and German) on a Semantic Differential and to openly produce traits they identified with each group. As expected, the freely produced traits differed from those obtained in another study which used the Katz and Braly technique with students from the same university. Furthermore, differential evaluations were found for Chicanos and Mexican Americans in which the latter group was perceived more positively in the Evaluative Dimension, but not in terms of Potency or Activity. Also, as expected, having a member of the group as a friend produced the highest correlations with a positive perception of the group as a whole.
GH kinase activity in bovine anterior pituitary subcellular fractions

Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) share significant structural homology. We have previously characterized the phosphorylation of bovine PRL and wish to determine whether a similar kinase activity phosphorylates bovine GH. Phosphorylation of bovine GH was performed using [α-32P]ATP labeling of subcellular fractions. Bovine GH phosphorylation was dependent on Zn2+ or Cu2+ with apparent Km's of 0.9 and 1.0 mM, respectively, and a pH maxima of 7.0. The apparent Km's of bovine GH kinase activity for exogenous bovine GH and ATP were 30 μM and 376 μM, respectively. Exogenous bovine PRL served as a competitive substrate, increasing the apparent Km for bovine GH by threefold compared to the Km determined without exogenous bovine PRL. We conclude: 1) in vitro phosphorylation of bovine GH occurs under conditions that are consistent with those found in anterior pituitary cells, and 2) a similar kinase activity phosphorylates both bovine PRL and GH.
Practical uses of individual pharmacokinetic parameters in drug development and clinical practice: examples and simulations.

This article summarizes the practical uses of the six key pharmacokinetic parameters, i.e. elimination half-life, volume of distribution, total clearance, fraction of administered dose eliminated by the kidneys, free fraction in plasma, and bioavailability. Emphasis is on the practical medical uses of these parameters in clinical practice and drug development. Numerous pharmacokinetic simulations are used to illustrate the different practical uses. The principles underlying drug dosage regimen design, drug concentration monitoring and adjustment, and dosage adjustment in renal disease are also discussed.
Using notch filter masks for high-contrast imaging of extra solar planets

We present the first lab experiments using a notch filter mask, a coronagraphic mask that dims the light from an on-axis source while passing off-axis light unscathed. The notch filter mask is essentially an optimized Lyot coronagraph that diffracts all of the light from the central object into a small ring that can be blocked by a Lyot stop. Notch filter masks provide a high throughput, very high contrast alternative to traditional Lyot coronagraphs. These masks, like all methods for achieving high contrast, require a high amount of accuracy in design to be successful. Nanofabrication techniques can meet these design challenges; with the first notch filter mask prototype fabricated with .25 μm precision using an e-beam lithography machine. When placed in a test bed, initial results show that 10-5 contrast is achieved at 3λ/Δ and 10-6 at ~8λ/Δ with a throughput of 27%. The coronagraph rejects light from the point source's peak by at least 4 orders of magnitude despite leakage of light through the mask. We speculate on the "as-is" performance of such a mask in the Hubble Space Telescope.
Iron ore surges in world market, but contracts in U.S.

Iron ore mining is facing two very different realities in 2003. Seaborne shipments to world markets are booming while North American capacity is contracting. China's growing demand for high‐quality imports is stunning major suppliers. The strong world demand is bailing out the struggling iron ore mines in the United States?
Design Equations for the Finitely and Infinitesimally Separated Position Synthesis of Binary Links and Combined Link Chains

A general method for synthesizing spatial linkages (derived in a previous paper [1]) is applied to the design of various types of binary links and combined link chains. Equations governing those special points and lines which define the link dimensions are derived. Types and order of loci of such special points and lines and the maximum number of design positions for each link are given. Numerical method for computing these special points and lines are discussed, and a numerical example is presented.
The Effect of Risk on Changes in Breast Cancer Screening Rates in Los Angeles, 1988-1990

Background. Although there have been clear secular trends of increased use of some breast cancer screening modalities, such as mammography, it is less certain that similar trends have occurred among high risk women. Methods. Population-based surveys were conducted in three socioeconomically diverse Los Angeles communities in 1988 and 1990. Trends in breast cancer screening behavior and key determinants of screening were compared separately for women with a family history of breast cancer, a personal history of benign breast disease, and for women without these risks. Results: In two independent samples drawn in 1988 and 1990, women at a higher risk of breast cancer (positive family history) showed smaller increases in the prevalence of self-reported breast cancer screening than a comparison group of women without a family history of breast cancer or a history of benign breast disease. This was especially true for family-history-positive minority women and women aged 65 years and older, for whom screening actually decreased. In 1990, mammograms for the prior year were reported by only 39% of women with a positive family history, 54% of women with benign breast disease, and 35% of women without these risks. Trends in physicians' office visit discussions of breast cancer screening paralleled trends observed in screening behavior. Conclusions. Although breast cancer screening increased substantially among lower risk women, rates were unchanged for women at increased risk because of a family history of breast cancer. By identifying and counseling higher risk women, physicians can play an important role in promoting appropriate screening to this group. Cancer 1994; 74: 625-31
Connate Origin Proposed for Hot Salty Bottom Water from a Red Sea Basin

A 200-m thick layer of extraordinary bottom water (temp. 44° C; salinity 270 parts per thousand) has been reported recently from a central Red Sea basin by Swallow and Crease1. Anomalous water with less extreme values has been noted previously in the general area2–5. Charnock6 suggested that the warm, saline water was formed by evaporation in a shallow lagoon and travelled to the central basin as a density flow. Preliminary chemical investigations led Swallow and Crease1 to conclude that the anomalous brine could not be sea water concentrated by evaporation, since the ratios of major ions as well as the chlorinity-conductivity ratio differed significantly from those of normal sea water. The origin suggested was the washing of hypothetical salt beds exposed in the area. The high temperature of the water was referred to the flow of heat coming through the sea floor in regions of high tectonic activity.
Beef hide antimicrobial interventions as a means of reducing bacterial contamination.

Abstract This project was designed to evaluate interventions capable of reducing bacterial counts on the hide prior to opening. In Trial I, fresh beef hides ( n = 12) were cut into sections and assigned to serve as either clipped (hair trimmed) or non-clipped sections. Sections were inoculated with a bovine fecal slurry and sampled following a water wash. Treatments (distilled water, isopropyl alcohol, 3% hydrogen peroxide, 2% l -lactic acid, 10% povidone-iodine, and 1% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)) were then applied to each section and the sections were sampled for enumeration of aerobic plate counts (APCs), coliforms, and Escherichia coli . Within clipped samples, 1% CPC and 3% hydrogen peroxide caused the greatest reductions in APCs (4.6 and 4.4 log 10 CFU/100-cm 2 , respectively), and 1% CPC, 2% l -lactic acid, and 3% hydrogen peroxide caused the greatest reductions in coliform counts (4.5, 4.1, and 3.9 log 10 CFU/100-cm 2 , respectively). In Trial II, beef carcasses with hides on were sampled initially and clipped, and then 2% l -lactic acid, 3% hydrogen peroxide, or 1% CPC were applied before sampling. For APCs, 1% CPC produced the greatest reduction on the hide surface (3.8 log 10 CFU/100-cm 2 ). Selective application of these antimicrobials to clipped hide opening sites reduced bacterial counts on hide surfaces, and therefore could reduce final carcass counts in these areas by decreasing the bacterial load before opening.
A High Intensity, High Energy Muon Beam at the Brookhaven AGS

Recently there has been interest in the use of the muon as a probe of QED at small distances. In particular a high energy, high intensity beam of muons opens up several interesting avenues of study. In this paper we present some preliminary results for the design of a muon beam of energy 2.5 Bev, and discuss some of the problems associated with such a design.
Becoming a Manager in Nonprofit Human Service Organizations: Making the Transition from Specialist to Generalist

The transition from direct service to management in human service organizations requires newly promoted managers to engage in significant role transformation that calls into question their self-concept and identity. This analysis draws upon the for-profit and nonprofit literature to construct a conceptual model of managerial identity formation. The model is then applied to a case vignette of a managerial leadership development training program developed by a regional network of nonprofit human service agency directors. The analysis concludes with implications for managerial training and leadership development in human service organizations.
Mesoscale Eddies Detached from Spatially Growing Meanders in an Eastward-Flowing Oceanic jet Using a Two-Layer Quasi-Geostrophic Model

Abstract The process of eddy detachment from a strong, eastward-flowing oceanic jet, which is modeled after the Gulf Stream, is studied using a two-layer quasi-geostrophic model. Numerical calculations are performed, in which an initial perturbation having a small amplitude is superimposed on a basic flow consisting of the eastward jet in the upper layer. The initial perturbation is located in the western part of the jet and consists of one wavelength of meanders. The initial perturbation propagates eastward and grows rapidly, for the most part because of a baroclinic instability. The extremes of large-amplitude meanders are forced to go along the edges of recirculating gyres which are generated on both sides of the jet in the western part, and as a result the meanders are cut off and form eddies. In some cases, meander interactions—by which an upstream meander overtakes the nearest downstream meander—precedes the detachment. The meander growth, which is the basic condition for the detachment, is highly d...
Development and characterization of thirteen microsatellite loci in Clark’s nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana)

Clark’s nutcrackers are important seed dispersers for two widely-distributed western North American conifers, whitebark pine and limber pine, which are declining due to outbreaks of mountain pine beetle and white pine blister rust. Because nutcracker seed dispersal services are key to maintaining viable populations of these imperiled pines, knowledge of movement patterns of Clark’s nutcrackers helps managers understand local extinction risks for these trees. To investigate population structure within Clark’s nutcracker, we developed primers for and characterized 13 polymorphic microsatellite loci. In a screen of 22 individuals from one population, levels of variability ranged from 6 to 15 alleles. No loci were found to be linked, although 4 loci revealed significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and evidence of null alleles. These microsatellite loci will enable population genetic analyses of Clark’s nutcrackers, which could provide insights into the spatial relationships between nutcrackers and the trees they help disperse.
A stereometric pattern of distribution of acetylthiocholinesterase in the deep layers of the superior colliculus

THE superior colliculus, although a layered structure, is not classified as a cortex because most of its neurones lack long apical dendrites. The colliculus, nevertheless, seems to share with the neocortex some of the features of columnar organisation. In particular, a periodic segmentation of certain afferent connections has been found, in which incoming fibres are arranged in the colliculus in bands or slabs, much like the ocular dominance columns in the striate cortex1–6. The possibility that such a distribution pattern might be evident also in a histochemical analysis of the superior colliculus was raised by Ramon–Moliner's finding7, in a survey of acetylthiocholinesterase activity in the cat's brain stem, that this enzyme is distributed in a series of regularly spaced clumps in the deep collicular layers. Evidence is presented here that such enzyme-positive clumps are also seen in the monkey and that, in the cat at least, these clumps do indeed form longitudinal bands.
Masticatory Performance and Chewing Cycle Kinematics—Are They Related?

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare chewing cycle kinematics of subjects with better and poorer masticatory performance. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study compared masticatory performance, based on the breakdown of the artificial test food Cuttersil®, in 30 subjects with Class I occlusion. Individuals with median particle sizes greater and lesser than the median value for the entire sample were categorized as poorer (15) and better (15) performers, respectively. While chewing Cuttersil, three-dimensional jaw movements of subjects were tracked with an optoelectric computer system. Multilevel linear modeling was used to evaluate differences in estimated cycle shape, cycle duration, and maximum excursions, as well as within-subject variation between the two groups. Results: Poorer performers had a significantly longer opening duration (0.274 ± 0.225 sec vs 0.325 ± 0.270 sec) than better performers. Poorer and better performers also showed significant differences in cycle shape, including a less horiz...
Communication Intervention to Teach Requesting Through Aided AAC for Two Learners With Rett Syndrome

Evidence on effective communication interventions for persons with Rett syndrome is needed to drive the standard of care with this population. This study examined the effectiveness of an intervention package to teach multiple, aided communication requests for two persons with Rett syndrome (ages 27 and 7) through within participant, adapted multiple baseline designs across items/activities. Participants were taught graphic mode requests on speech generating devices, with access methods based on motor ability; one participant responded by pressing a touch screen, and one participant responded by fixed eye-gaze. Results are discussed in relation to the effectiveness of the intervention packages on increasing the accuracy of independent request selection responses emitted and the number of sessions required to reach an a priori performance criterion for both participants. Difficulties during initial prompting and during prompt fading with the eye-gaze response are considered. The findings suggest implications related to emerging evidence on the intervention methods to teach requesting skills to this population, and future research directions for communication intervention options for persons with severe communication impairment and limited motor repertoires.
Sugar and warmth additively decrease pain in newborns getting vaccines

Commentary on : Gray L, Garza E, Zageris D, et al. Sucrose and warmth for analgesia in healthy newborns: an RCT. Pediatrics 2015;135:e607–14.[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] Sucrose as an analgesic has been well studied in the newborn and infant population undergoing brief noxious stimuli such as vaccines or heel sticks.1 Providing additional, non-pharmacological, therapeutic options to create a synergy with the sucrose has been considered in other studies.2 Breast feeding, which supplies the sweetness of sugar (breast milk) and skin-to-skin contact, has been thought to provide radiant body heat.3 ,4 The authors of this study draw on their previous work of using radiant heat as an analgesic for infants undergoing vaccination and hypothesise that … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DPediatrics%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1542%252Fpeds.2014-1073%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F25687147%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=pediatrics&resid=135/3/e607&atom=%2Febmed%2F20%2F4%2F125.atom
Explaining the ‘immigration advantage’ and the ‘biculturalism paradox’: An application of the theory of demoralization

Background:Recent immigrants have better mental health than the natives (‘immigration advantage’). Biculturals have better mental health than the monoculturals (‘biculturalism paradox’).Material:Mexican immigrants have lower rates of psychopathology than the US population. This is less true for Cubans and not true for Puerto Ricans. The ‘advantage’ also occurs in other groups. Biculturals have better mental health and endorse both cultures.Discussion:The theory of demoralization predicts that borrowing values from both cultures and applying them judiciously are more conducive to mental health than indiscriminately subscribing to either culture.Conclusion:The findings are consistent with the theory of demoralization.
Impact of Rapid Entry and Accelerated Care at Triage on Reducing Emergency Department Patient Wait Times, Lengths of Stay, and Rate of Left Without Being Seen

Study objective Patients who leave before being seen by a physician represent a significant problem for many emergency departments (EDs). We sought to determine the effect of a new ED rapid entry and accelerated care at triage (REACT) process on the frequency of patients who leave before being seen. Methods We conducted a before-after intervention design to study the effect of REACT for ambulatory patients presenting to our urban academic center ED with a census of approximately 37,000. This process redesign included patient identification tracking, integrated computer interfaces to eliminate up-front registration tasks, immediate placement of patients in open ED beds, and physician-directed ancillary testing and care at triage when no ED beds were available. Outcome measures included the average monthly rate of patients who left before being seen during the 6 months before (pre-REACT) and 6 to 12 months after (post-REACT) its initiation. Other measures included average of mean monthly rates of wait times, ED length of stay, ED census, and admissions. Results There was a significant decrease in leave before being seen frequency from the pre-REACT to post-REACT periods (3.2% absolute decrease [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9% to 4.6%]), despite an overall increase in ED census. Average mean monthly patient wait times decreased by 24 minutes [95% CI 10 to 38 minutes] after the initiation of REACT, as did overall ED length of stay by 31 minutes [95% CI 6 to 57 minutes]. Conclusion The initiation of a rapid entry and accelerated care process significantly decreased patient leave before being seen rates, average wait times and length of stay, despite an overall increase in patient census.
Organizing Youth for Partisan Politicsin Britain, 1918–c.1932

(2006). Organizing Youth for Partisan Politicsin Britain, 1918–c.1932. The Historian: Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 89-119.
Characterization of a configurable sensor signal conditioning circuit for multi-sensor microsystems

This paper describes the sensor signal conditioning circuitry within a transducer interface chip containing a digital communication interface, configuration memory, and programmable analog and digital outputs for actuator control. The highly configurable sensor readout circuits provide front-end signal conditioning for a wide range of capacitive, resistive, voltage, and current output devices. The mixed-mode interface supports up to eight sensors simultaneously and is ideally suited for multi-sensor microsystems. The circuit provides high resolution for each readout mode, including less than 1 fF for capacitive sensors, and introduces a versatile bridge circuit for single element, half-bridge, or full-bridge resistive sensors. Operation ranges for the configurable interfaces are reported along with the performance specifications for the fully functional 2.2/spl times/2.2 mm chip, fabricated in 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS.
P3. Acute coronary syndromes in patients with giant cell arteritis: a population based retrospective cohort study

fixed, paraffin-embedded temporal artery (TA) biopsy specimens obtained from patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of GCA, at a single institution. All TA biopsies were performed by the same neuro-ophthalmologist and were processed in the same pathology facility over a period of 3 years (2009–2012). Twelve cases met the clinical and histopathological ACR classification criteria for GCA. Six cases with negative TA biopsies, and in whom the patients’ subsequent clinical course showed no evidence for GCA, served as controls. Patient ages at the time of TA biopsy varied from 66 to 88 (cases) and 59 to 86 (controls). Human sequences present in the biopsy sample were computationally subtracted using the PathSeq software; the remaining reads were aligned to viral, bacterial, and fungal sequence databases. The relative abundance (normalizing for genome size) of these microbes was inferred based on read counts assigned to each organism. Comparison of the microbial diversity in cases vs controls was carried out using hierarchical clustering and linear discriminant analysis effect size [3, 4]. Results: Propionibacterium acnes and Escherichia coli were the most abundant microorganisms in 17 of the 18 samples, averaging 749 and 163 reads per sample, respectively. Moraxella catarrhalis was the most abundant organism in one of the control cases, with 7951 reads. Other microbes present in both GCA positive and negative samples include Methylobacterium radiotolerans, Pseudomonas maltophilia, Micrococcus luteus and Acidovorax sp. These organisms were present in low amounts, averaging 20 reads per sample. Pathogens previously described to be correlated with GCA were not differentially abundant in cases, compared with controls. There was no significant burden of likely pathogenic viruses. No pathogens were identified exclusively in GCA cases. Conclusion: DNA sequencing of TA biopsies detected the presence of microbial sequences in GCA and control cases. However, in this cohort, a single pathogen was not clearly and consistently associated with GCA.
Port hole perturbations to the magnetic field in MST

Axisymmetric magnetic equilibrium reconstruction is insufficient for describing several effects in the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST). Inclusion of the field error produced by port holes in the close-fitting conducting vacuum chamber enables accurate interpretation of data from several subsystems, in particular, ion trajectories of a heavy ion beam probe and radial displacement and distortion of power deposition from RF antenna heating. In this work, an analytic solution for the magnetic field error produced by a port hole is added to the equilibrium. Without inclusion, the beam trajectory can deviate by over a centimeter (on the order of the detector width) at the analyzer apertures. In addition, the deposition layer for an electron Bernstein wave is strongly altered up to one port diameter away from the port hole.
Speeding up fast: Shortening waiting times for commercial freight at the Canada–U.S. border

The Free and Secure Trade (FAST) program provides participating commercial vehicles with shorter waiting times at the Canada–U.S. border. Prior to 2011, FAST vehicles had access to a dedicated approach lane and inspection booth at the southbound Pacific Highway Crossing (PHC) in Blaine, WA. Non-participating vehicles were restricted to a general purpose approach lane and two general purpose inspection booths. While this configuration had the advantage of rewarding FAST participants with shorter border waiting times, it could result in undesirably high waiting times for non-participants during periods of high demand. A simulation study was conducted to determine if an alternative border configuration could reduce the waiting times of non-participants without notably increasing the waiting times of FAST vehicles. A new border configuration was found to dramatically reduce waiting times for non-participants with only a small increase in waiting times for FAST vehicles. In spring 2012 the southbound PHC was reconfigured to implement the recommendations of the study, thereby enhancing the efficiency of the existing border infrastructure. This paper reviews the concerns with the pre-2011 state of the southbound PHC; the recommendations of the simulation analysis; and the documented results of the subsequent implementation of the new configuration.
Asynchronous multi-core architecture for level set methods

The paper proposes an asynchronous multi-core architecture for embedded systems using partial differential equation-based image processing algorithms. A study of data flow and timing analysis is carried out in order to reveal optimal global architecture specifications. The global architecture uses a semi-parallel approach with several processing units running in parallel and shared memory blocks. The results are illustrated by the implementation of a continuous watershed transform, followed by a discussion of the measured execution time and the computational load to demonstrate the efficiency.
Rotational effects in quasielastic laser light scattering from T‐even bacteriophage

We have applied a theory of dynamic light scattering from large anisotropic particles, developed by Aragon and Pecora [J. Chem. Phys.66, 2506–2516 (1977)] to calculate the scattering expected from T-even phage models. The results indicate that the off-center rotation of the massive virus head with respect to the center of frictional resistance introduces significant rotational contributions to the light-scattering time autocorrelation function. The effect is particularly important when the fibers of the phage are extended. Reanalysis of previously published data [J. B. Welch III and V. A. Bloomfield, Biopolymers17, 2001–2014 (1978)], taking into account rotational corrections, confirms the equality of molecular weights of the slow- and fast-sedimenting forms of T2L bacteriophage.
Traditional and Western Healing Practices for Alcoholism in American Indians and Alaska Natives

The American Indian and Alaska Native population is a culturally diverse population with a current census of 1,959,000. Prior to White contact, there was historically little use of alcoholic beverages except for American Indians in the Southwest. After White contact, use and misuse of alcohol escalated rapidly; however, the prevalence, patterns, and problems of drinking alcoholic beverages vary enormously even in tribes closely linked geographically. American Indians and Alaska Natives have preserved and revitalized a number of traditional healing practices and applied these to the treatment of alcohol-related problems. These healing practices include the following: nativistic movements, sacred dances, sweat lodges, talking circle, four circles, and cultural enhancement programs. Additionally, Western treatment approaches have been applied in the treatment of problems related to alcohol, such as medication for detoxification, disulfiram (Antabuse), Alcoholics Anonymous, and behavioral interventions. Several investigators have completed a small number of naturalistic follow-up studies, but no one has undertaken a randomized controlled trial looking at specific methods of alcohol treatment in American Indians or Alaska Natives. American Indian and Alaska Native communities have adapted and integrated both Traditional and Western approaches to fit their own unique sociocultural needs.
Epothilone induced cytotoxicity is dependent on p53 status in prostate cells.

BACKGROUND Epothilones are a promising class of drugs in clinical trials of prostate cancer that target the microtubules, similar to taxanes, and induce apoptosis in taxane resistant tumors. The tumor suppressor p53 is one important molecular mechanism of chemotherapy resistance that in some studies predicted tumor sensitivity to paclitaxel. We hypothesized that epothilone induced cytotoxicity would be influenced by the status of p53 in prostate cells. METHODS LNCaP, DU145, and a transformed rat prostate (RP) epithelial cell line with a temperature sensitive mutant p53 (val 135) were studied for the effect of epothilone on cell viability, cell cycle, and cell cycle checkpoint proteins. RESULTS Epothilone had greater cytotoxicity in p53 mutant cancer cells compared to wild type cells. We confirmed our findings by creating a transformed RP epithelial cell line with a temperature sensitive mutant p53 (val 135). Using a tetrazolium (MTT) assay we found that epothilone (100 nM) decreased cell viability in RP cells by 90% with mutant p53 compared to 45% with wild type p53 (P < 0.01). Epothilone induced G2/M arrest in 50% of cells with mutant p53 compared to 25% with wild type p53 (P < 0.01). To begin to understand mechanism of epothilone induced G2/M arrest, we assessed cell cycle checkpoint proteins. We found that the effect to enhance G2/M cell cycle arrest was associated with dephosphorylation of cdc2 in both p53 wild type and p53 mutant RP cells. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that epothilone is more active against transformed prostate epithelial cells with mutant compared to wild type p53. Epothilone is capable of dephosphorylation of cdc2 in both p53 wild type and mutant cells, which is associated with G2/M cell cycle arrest. These data provide a basis for further study of p53, and the phosphorylation status of cdc-2, as markers for epothilone sensitivity in clinical studies. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Multicarrier CDMA systems with transmit diversity

Transmit diversity was previously proposed to reduce the detrimental effects in fading channels. In this paper we apply the space-time block codes to multicarrier CDMA systems. Our emphasis is on designing receivers that can decode the space-time codes and suppress the multiple access interference. Among the four detecting schemes we propose the minimum mean square error combiner (MM-SEC) give the best tradeoff between performance and complexity. Simulation results show that MC-CDMA systems with transmit diversity have a much better performance than MC-CDMA systems without transmit diversity in multipath fading channels.
A variably trimmed mean CFAR radar detector

A variably trimmed mean (VTM) constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detector in which the threshold is determined by processing a linear combination of a group of ordered samples in each window is introduced. Unlike the trimmed mean detector, the number of ordered samples that require further processing is allowed to vary according to a data-dependent rule. It is demonstrated that the VTM detector exhibits performance characteristics that are independent of the total (stationary) noise power. Simulated performance results are presented for regions of clutter power transitions and for multiple target environments to illustrate the possible improvement over the order-statistic detector that can be obtained by using a VTM detector. >
Atomoxetine versus Stimulants for Treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective:To identify, review, and analyze studies comparing atomoxetine with psychostimulants with the intent of determining the role of atomoxetine in the pharmacologic management of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Data Sources:Primary, review, and meta-analysis articles were identified by a MEDLINE search (1966–December 2005). MeSH headings used in the search include: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, atomoxetine, stimulants, psychostimulants, methylphenidate, and amphetamine salts. Relevant data presented at professional meetings that we attended were also identified.Study Selection and Extraction:All clinical studies comparing atomoxetine with psychostimulants, regardless of study design, were evaluated. Relevant efficacy and safety data from these studies were included in the discussion.Data Synthesis:At time of writing, 5 head-to-head trials had compared psychostimulants and atomoxetine in the treatment of ADHD. No significant difference between atomoxetine and methylp...
Activity uniformity of Ir-192 seeds

Abstract A simple device that uses materials and apparatus commonly available in a radiotherapy department has been designed, fabricated and used in routine quality control relative to the activity uniformity of clinical Ir-192 seeds in ribbons. Detailed evaluation indicated that this system is easy to use and can yield relative activity measurements of individual Ir-192 seeds accurate to within 2%. With this device, activity uniformity of commercial Ir-192 seeds from two manufacturers has been assessed. For the seven shipments of Ir-192 seeds studied, the root mean square variations of individual seed strength from the average of each shipment ranged from 3.4 to 7.1 %. Variation in seed activity by more than 10 % from the average is not uncommon.
Solution Structure of the E200K Variant of Human Prion Protein IMPLICATIONS FOR THE MECHANISM OF PATHOGENESIS IN FAMILIAL PRION DISEASES

Prion propagation in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies involves the conversion of cellular prion protein, PrP C , into a pathogenic conformer, PrP Sc .H e reditary forms of the disease are linked to specific mutations in the gene coding for the prion protein. To gain insight into the molecular basis of these disorders, the solution structure of the familial Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease-related E200K variant of human prion protein was determined by multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Remarkably, apart from minor differences in flexible regions, the backbone tertiary structure of the E200K variant is nearly identical to that reported for the wild-type human prion protein. The only major consequence of the mutation is the perturbation of surface electrostatic potential. The present structural data strongly suggest that protein surface defects leading to abnormalities in the interaction of prion protein with auxiliary proteins/chaperones or cellular membranes should be considered key determinants of a spontaneous PrP C 3 PrP Sc conversion in the E200K form of hereditary prion disease.
Community Microrespirometry and Molecular Analyses Reveal a Diverse Energy Economy in Great Boiling Spring and Sandy's Spring West in the U.S. Great Basin

Microrespirometry showed that several organic and inorganic electron donors stimulated oxygen consumption in two ∼80°C springs. Sediment and planktonic communities were structurally and functionally distinct, and quantitative PCR revealed catabolically distinct subpopulations of Thermocrinis. This study suggests that a variety of chemolithotrophic metabolisms operate simultaneously in these springs.
Cocaine Disposition in Saliva Following Intravenous, Intranasal, and Smoked Administration

Saliva concentrations of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, ecgonine methyl ester, and anhydroecgonine methyl ester were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in six healthy male subjects following cocaine administration by the intravenous, intranasal, and smoked routes of administration. Cocaine appeared in saliva rapidly following all routes of administration. Saliva/plasma (S/P) ratios were generally greater than 1, and there was evidence of moderate to extreme contamination of saliva by cocaine immediately following intranasal and smoked routes of administration. Contamination of the oral cavity and saliva cleared rapidly. Saliva obtained 2 h after dosing appeared to be free of contamination and demonstrated S/P ratios comparable with intravenous administration. Benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester concentrations were consistently low and were only comparable with cocaine concentrations at times when cocaine concentrations had declined to below 100 ng/mL. Anhydroecgonine methyl ester was detectable in saliva following smoked drug administration, but it was quickly cleared. Terminal half-life estimates for cocaine administered by the intranasal and smoked routes were significantly shorter in saliva compared with those measured in plasma. Half-life estimates following intravenous administration tended to be lower for saliva than plasma, but the differences were not significant. The duration of pharmacologic effects was generally the same as or shorter than detection times of cocaine in plasma and saliva. Overall, the study demonstrated the usefulness of saliva as a test matrix for the detection and measurement of cocaine following administration by different routes of administration.
Reversible heterogeneous arterial phase liver perfusion associated with transient acute hepatitis: findings on gadolinium-enhanced MRI.

Purpose To assess a possible correlation between active acute hepatitis and the development of abnormal liver perfusion demonstrated as heterogeneous enhancement on arterial phase gadolinium-enhanced MRI. Dynamically-enhanced MRI of the liver can detect reversible perfusion abnormalities that correlate with acute hepatitis. Materials and Methods Six patients presenting with symptoms and clinical findings in keeping with transient acute hepatitis underwent serial MRI of the liver throughout the course of the disease. Serial liver enzyme analysis was performed for all six patients, and histopathology was assessed for three patients. Imaging included gadolinium-enhanced arterial and venous-phase gradient-echo sequences. Results Arterial phase gadolinium-enhanced MRI showed abnormal irregular liver perfusion in the setting of acute hepatitis, and the degree of irregularity, as well as the persistence of irregular enhancement into the venous phase, correlated with the clinical severity of the disease. Conclusion Acute hepatitis can cause irregular enhancement of the liver on arterial-phase, gadolinium-enhanced, gradient-echo MRI, a reversible finding that improves with clinical improvement of the disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2004;20:838–842. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Controlled regioregularity in oligo(2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylenes.

A series of three pentameric derivatives of 2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-p-phenylenevinylenes (2–4), with varying degrees of side chain regioregularity, was prepared. The oligomerization chemistry was carried out using repetitive Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons (HWE) reactions of precisely substituted aryl rings with four different substituents. The resulting oligomers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and absorption spectroscopy in solution and in thin films. Each of the oligomers gave discrete 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The regioregular pentamer (2) displayed the most resolution between signals and suggests those nuclei reside in more unique chemical environments than the regiorandom pentamers (3 and 4). The solution phase electronic (CV) and absorption properties of each of the new oligomers were found to be essentially identical. In contrast, the thin film absorption spectra were not equivalent. The more regioregular pentamers (2 and 3) possessed a new...
S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) Derivatization of Peptide Primary Amines to Create Inducible Nitric Oxide Donor Biomaterials

An S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) derivatization approach was used to modify existing free primary amines found in fibrin (a natural protein-based biomaterial) to generate a controlled nitric oxide (NO) releasing scaffold material. The duration of the derivatization reaction affects the NO release kinetics, the induction of controlled NO-release, hydrophobicity, swelling behavior, elastic moduli, rheometric character, and degradation behavior. These properties were quantified to determine changes in fibrin hydrogels following covalent attachment of SNAP. NO-releasing materials exhibited minimal cytotoxicity when cultured with fibroblasts or osteoblasts. Cells maintained viability and proliferative character on derivatized materials as demonstrated by Live/Dead cell staining and counting. In addition, SNAP-derivatized hydrogels exhibited an antimicrobial character indicative of NO-releasing materials. SNAP derivatization of natural polymeric biomaterials containing free primary amines offers a mean...
Frequency and Detection of Malingering in Homicide Defendants Undergoing Criminal Responsibility Evaluations Using the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality

This retrospective study reports on (a) the prevalence of malingering in a sample of 20 homicide defendants seen in jail settings for criminal responsibility evaluations, and (b) the feasibility of...
Surveillance of Death Causes in Xunhua Salar Autonomous County,Qinghai Province,2013

Objective To investigate the status of mortality and death distribution in Xunhua Salar autonomous county for providing comprehensive prevention and control measures. Methods The surveillance data in the county were descriptively analyzed with indicators of mortality rate and constituent ratio. Results The crude mortality rate of the residents in Xunhua in 2013 was 537. 97 /105. The top five diseases with the highest mortality rate were respectively circulation system disease,digestive system disease,accidental death,cancer and disease of respiratory system,which altogether accounted for 89. 88% of the total deaths. Conclusion The chronic non- communicable diseases including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,digestive system diseases,cancer and respiratory system disease,as well as accidental death are the major hazards to the health of residents in Xunhua county. Thus,timely and active work of surveillance,prevention and treatment of chronic disease and injury interventions are recommended
The Pediatrician as Genetic Counselor

Genetic counseling, an important clinical application of the proliferation of genetic knowledge which has occurred over the past quarter century, has assumed increasing importance in the delivery of comprehensive health care and should be part of the armamentarium of the practicing pediatrician, who is in an ideal position to initiate such counseling because of his detailed knowledge of the families he serves.
Time-Resolved Measurements of Fluorescence from the Photosynthetic Membranes of Rhodobacter capsulatus and Rhodospirillum rubrum

Most current models for energy transfer and trapping in the antenna of purple nonsulfur bacteria involve excitations visiting many reaction centers before trapping occurs. This so-called lake model has been supported by a variety of observations including singlet-singlet annihilation studies (1–3), low intensity picosecond absorption spectroscopy (4), and fluorescence depolarization studies (5).
Domain Specificity: Introduction and Overview

This chapter outlines the issue of the domain specificity/domain generality of creativity, comparing it to similar controversies in intelligence. It argues that although people generally think of creativity in a domain-general way, our intuitions, when guided by the right questions, actually suggest a much more domain-specific view. The goal of this chapter is not to convince the reader that domain specificity is the correct theory but simply to introduce the controversy, break down some seemingly commonsensical (but incorrect) biases in the ways we tend to think about creativity, and introduce the kinds of tools needed in creativity research to make reasonable judgments about domain specificity and generality.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF HOMOGENOUS BONE GRAFTS

1. There is no evidence from these experiments that any of the bone elements of an autogenous transplant live or retain osteogenetic powers. 2. The authors have demonstrated that, with the inlay type of graft, the fixation and replacement of the graft was totally a function of the host tissue. 3. The fixation and replacement of both autogenous and homogenous bone grafts was accomplished in an identical fashion by appositional growth of the host bone. Socalled creeping substitution was but a localized phase in the process of appositional bone growth. 4. Autogenous bone grafts were superior to homogenous bone grafts experimentally only in that the early phase of healing was slightly more rapid and uniform. However, this was not due to viability and regrowth of autogenous grafts; rather it probably represented less host reaction and tissue specificity, which are factors not understood at present. 5. At the end of ten weeks, no microscopic difference could be seen between the autogenous and homogenous grafts; practically complete replacement was present in both. 6. Merthiolate-preserved bone and frozen homogenouts bone were indistinguishable experimentally. Boiled homogenous bone, however, proceeded to union much more slowly. 7. The clinical use of homogenous bone grafts is justifiable.
Effect of aromaticity on the rate of azaquinone methide-mediated release of benzylic phenols

Herein we use small molecule models of stimuli-induced degradable/depolymerizable polymers to demonstrate that less aromatic releasing units provide faster rates of azaquinone methide-mediated release of benzylic phenols (a surrogate for a group released in a polymer) than highly aromatic releasing units. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.