cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What's wrong with this pillow, April 1989

Attitudes toward quantum mechanics differ interestingly from one generation of physicists to the next. The first generation are the founding fathers, who struggled through the welter of confusing and self-contradictory constructions to emerge with the modern theory of the atomic world and supply it with the “Copenhagen interpretation.” On the whole they seem to have taken the view that while the theory is extraordinarily strange (Bohr is said to have remarked that if it didn't make you dizzy then you didn't really understand it), the strangeness arises out of some deeply ingrained but invalid modes of thought. Once these are recognized and abandoned the theory makes sense in a perfectly straightforward way. The word “irrational,” which appears frequently in Bohr's early writings about the quantum theory, is almost entirely absent from his later essays. The second generation, those who were students of the founding fathers in the early postrevolutionary period, seem firmly—at times even ferociously—committed to the position that there is really nothing peculiar about the quantum world at all. Far from making bons mots about dizziness, or the opposite of deep truths being deep truths, they appear to go out of their way to make quantum mechanics sound as boringly ordinary as possible. The third generation—mine—were born a decade or so after the revolution and learned about the quantum as kids from popular books like George Gamow's. We seem to be much more relaxed about it than the other two. Few of us brood about what it all means, any more than we worry about how to define mass or time when we use classical mechanics. In contemplative moments some of us think the theory is wonderfully strange and others think it isn't; but we don't hold these views with great passion. Most of us, in fact, feel irritated, bored, or downright uncomfortable when asked to articulate what we really think about quantum mechanics. I'm one of the uncomfortable ones. If I were forced to sum up in one sentence what the Copenhagen interpretation says to me, it would be “Shut up and calculate!” But I won't shut up. I would rather celebrate the strangeness of quantum theory than deny it, because I believe it still has interesting things to teach us about how certain powerful but flawed verbal and mental tools we once took for granted continue to infect our thinking in subtly hidden ways.
Leveraging Multiple GPUs and CPUs for Graphlet Counting in Large Networks

Massively parallel architectures such as the GPU are becoming increasingly important due to the recent proliferation of data. In this paper, we propose a key class of hybrid parallel graphlet algorithms that leverages multiple CPUs and GPUs simultaneously for computing k-vertex induced subgraph statistics (called graphlets). In addition to the hybrid multi-core CPU-GPU framework, we also investigate single GPU methods (using multiple cores) and multi-GPU methods that leverage all available GPUs simultaneously for computing induced subgraph statistics. Both methods leverage GPU devices only, whereas the hybrid multi-core CPU-GPU framework leverages all available multi-core CPUs and multiple GPUs for computing graphlets in large networks. Compared to recent approaches, our methods are orders of magnitude faster, while also more cost effective enjoying superior performance per capita and per watt. In particular, the methods are up to 300 times faster than a recent state-of-the-art method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to leverage multiple CPUs and GPUs simultaneously for computing induced subgraph statistics.
Comparing Veteran and Non-veteran Racial Disparities in Mid-life Health and Well-being

Using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 data on mid-life physical health, mental health, and self-esteem, I examine inter- and intra-racial disparities in health and well-being among veteran and non-veteran men (N = 2440). After controlling for selectivity into the military via propensity weighting, I find that black veterans have higher self-esteem than white veterans and comparable black non-veterans, but white veterans have similar mid-life self-esteem as their non-veteran counterparts. I find no evidence of disparities in health for depressive symptoms and self-rated health after taking selection into military service into account. The results suggest that aspects of military service may increase blacks’ self-esteem, possibly due to less discrimination and more opportunity.
Anatomie und Physiologie von Dickdarm und Rektum

Der Dickdarm gliedert sich in folgende Abschnitte: Zokum, Kolon, Colon ascendens, rechte Kolonflexur, Colon transversum, linke Kolonflexur, Colon descendens, Sigmoid und Rektum. Wahrend fur die Hauptabschnitte des Kolons weitgehende Ubereinstimmung besteht, bleibt die Nomenklatur der unteren Dickdarmabschnitte etwas strittig. In diesem Buch sollen die Bezeichnungen von Gilchrist Verwendung finden. Er unterteilt das Rektum in 2 Abschnitte. Der unterste ist das extraperitoneale Rektum, das vollstandig unterhalb der peritonealen Umschlagfalte liegt und etwa 8 cm lang ist. Der obere Abschnitt des Rektums ist das intraperitoneale Rektum; es ist gleichfalls 8 cm lang und grenzt nach oben ans Sigmoid, welches durch den Ubergang in ein echtes Mesenterium erkenntlich ist. In dieser Nomenklatur wird der alte Begriff „Rektosigmoid“ durch den Ausdruck „intraperitoneales Rektum“ ersetzt.
Between Deterministic and Random Process in Prehistoric Pacific Island Abandonment

The cause or causes of prehistoric island depopulation in the Pacific remain a subject of debate. Explanations have tended either to focus on the inherent environmental limitations of the ‘Mystery Islands,’ or the unviability of small populations. It is argued in this paper that these factors are functionally related (low carrying capacity drives exaggerated demographic stochasticity), but that this recognition cannot account for why some small, otherwise fragile islands were not depopulated. It is suggested that we should recognize a causal role for both less, as well as more, deterministic processes. Late Holocene climate change and the spatial aspects of pathogen transfer through the Pacific are highlighted as types of process which may have rendered already liminal populations ultimately unfeasible.
Photoluminescence Imaging of Polyfluorene Surface Structures on Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes: Implications for Thin Film Exciton Transport

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have potential to act as light-harvesting elements in thin film photovoltaic devices, but performance is in part limited by the efficiency of exciton diffusion processes within the films. Factors contributing to exciton transport can include film morphology encompassing nanotube orientation, connectivity, and interaction geometry. Such factors are often defined by nanotube surface structures that are not yet well understood. Here, we present the results of a combined pump–probe and photoluminescence imaging study of polyfluorene (PFO)-wrapped (6,5) and (7,5) SWCNTs that provide additional insight into the role played by polymer structures in defining exciton transport. Pump–probe measurements suggest exciton transport occurs over larger length scales in films composed of PFO-wrapped (7,5) SWCNTs, compared to those prepared from PFO-bpy-wrapped (6,5) SWCNTs. To explore the role the difference in polymer structure may play as a possible origin of differing transport b...
Intersections of hyperplanes and conic sections in $\mathbf{R}^n$

Closed form expressions are given for computing the parameters and vectors that identify and define the $n-1$ dimensional conic section that results from the intersection of a hyperplane with an $n$-dimensional conic section: cone, hyperboloid of two sheets, ellipsoid or paraboloid. The conic sections are assumed to be symmetric about their major axis, but may have any orientation and center. A class of hyperboloids are identified with the property that the parameters and vectors of the intersection of all hyperboloids in a subset of the class can be computed efficiently.
The treatment continuum of panitumumab, cetuximab, and bevacizumab in 1st through 3rd line by KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutation status among mCRC patients treated at community cancer centers in the United States.

638Background: Our objective was to use real world data to evaluate of the treatment continuum of bevacizumab (Bmab), cetuximab (Cmab), panitumumab (Pmab) or no biologics across 1st, 2nd, and 3rd lines among metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients who were treated at community cancer centers in the United States. This objective was applied separately to patients with confirmed KRAS, NRAS, or BRAF wild-type (WT) or mutation (MUT) status, as well as patient who did not receive biomarker testing (UNK). Methods: This descriptive study utilized data from the Oncology Services Comprehensive Electronic Records (OSCER) database. It included 5,446 (2,064 WT, 1,807 MUT, and 1,575 UNK) patients diagnosed with mCRC between 1/1/2011 and 8/31/2015. Patients were stratified into the following mutually-exclusive categories in 1st, 2nd line, and 3rd line: Pmab only, Cmab only, Bmab only, or no biologic. Patients who survived and continued therapy were followed through the lines of therapy. Results: 23.8% of WT, 36.3%...
Conference presentation to publication: a retrospective study evaluating quality of abstracts and journal articles in medical education research

There is little evidence regarding the comparative quality of abstracts and articles in medical education research. The Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI), which was developed to evaluate the quality of reporting in medical education, has strong validity evidence for content, internal structure, and relationships to other variables. We used the MERSQI to compare the quality of reporting for conference abstracts, journal abstracts, and published articles. This is a retrospective study of all 46 medical education research abstracts submitted to the Society of General Internal Medicine 2009 Annual Meeting that were subsequently published in a peer-reviewed journal. We compared MERSQI scores of the abstracts with scores for their corresponding published journal abstracts and articles. Comparisons were performed using the signed rank test. Overall MERSQI scores increased significantly for published articles compared with conference abstracts (11.33 vs 9.67; P < .001) and journal abstracts (11.33 vs 9.96; P < .001). Regarding MERSQI subscales, published articles had higher MERSQI scores than conference abstracts in the domains of sampling (1.59 vs 1.34; P = .006), data analysis (3.00 vs 2.43; P < .001), and validity of evaluation instrument (1.04 vs 0.28; P < .001). Published articles also had higher MERSQI scores than journal abstracts in the domains of data analysis (3.00 vs 2.70; P = .004) and validity of evaluation instrument (1.04 vs 0.26; P < .001). To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the quality of medical education abstracts and journal articles using the MERSQI. Overall, the quality of articles was greater than that of abstracts. However, there were no significant differences between abstracts and articles for the domains of study design and outcomes, which indicates that these MERSQI elements may be applicable to abstracts. Findings also suggest that abstract quality is generally preserved from original presentation to publication.
Mechanism of Reaeration in Natural Streams

Turbulent flow theory, both isotropic and non-isotropic, has been utilized to formulate theory of reaeration in natural streams, which have been subjected to deaeration by biological oxidation of organic matter; general differential equation of oxygen balance in river is accepted as basis for analysis and theoretical derivation of reaeration coefficient is presented; field data from sanitary river surveys. (Bibliography)
Tuning the spectral response of ultraviolet organic-inorganic hybrid photodetectors via charge trapping and charge collection narrowing.

Organic–inorganic hybrid ultraviolet photodetectors with tunable spectral response are desirable for many different applications. In this work, we blended poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) with ZnO nanoparticles in weight ratios of 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 to create charge traps within the active layers for devices with the conventional structure ITO/PEDOT : PSS/PTAA : ZnO/BCP/Al. Thin (150–200 nm) and thick (1400–1900 nm) active layers were employed to utilize charge collection narrowing (CCN). Both thickness and composition of the active layer impacted the spectral tunability of the photoresponse. A single narrow response peak centered at 420 nm (the PTAA absorption edge) with a full width at half maximum of 12 nm was achieved from the device with a 1900 nm active layer and PTAA : ZnO weight ratio of 1 : 1. Decreasing the active layer thickness to 150 nm resulted in a broad spectral response between 320–420 nm with an external quantum efficiency (EQE) value of 295% under 350 nm illumination and a −1 V bias, exhibiting photomultiplication via charge trapping and injection even at small reverse biases. Increasing the weight ratio of PTAA : ZnO to 2 : 1 lowered both the dark current and photocurrent, eliminated photomultiplication in the thin device, and diminished the efficacy of CCN to narrow the spectral photoresponse in the thick device. Transfer matrix method (TMM) and 3-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) simulations were performed to understand the impact of thickness and composition of the active layer on the spectral response of UV photodetectors in terms of exciton generation rate and electric field distribution within the devices.
Iowa Hoop Structures Used for Confined Beef Cattle Feeding: A Survey

Introduction Beginning in the mid-1990s, hoop structures became available to Iowa farmers as an alternative housing system for livestock, primarily swine. Iowa State University was very active in research and demonstrations of hoop barns for swine. ISU also built hoop barns for calving at the ISU Rhodes Research Farm, Rhodes, IA in about 2000. From this work, in 2004/05 ISU built one of the first hoop barns for cattle feeding at the ISU Armstrong Research Farm, Lewis, IA. Frequently, questions are asked about the acceptance of hoop barns for beef cattle and how many beef cattle hoop barns are in Iowa.
Recurrent renal cell carcinoma following nephrectomy and ablation therapy: Radiology perspective.

Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common renal malignancy, accounting for approximately 2% of adult malignancies and 4% of new cancer cases in the United States every year. Imaging guided ablative therapy, including radiofrequency (RF) ablation, cryotherapy and microwave has gained popularity over the last decade in treatment of small tumors. Antiangiogenic therapy has set itself to be the standard of care for many patients with metastasis these days. With hope for more research, survival rates of metastatic RCC may increase from a current 2-year survival rate of approximately 20%. Variation in imaging surveillance protocol in terms of frequency, modality, and duration is noted among guidelines developed by several organizations. In this review article, we will discuss follow-up imaging protocols, patterns of RCC recurrence following different modalities of treatment, imaging appearance, as well as usual and unusual sites of metastatic disease.
Anesthesia for Lower Extremity Bypass

Due to the complexity of the procedures and the multiple complex comorbidities of the patients, vascular anesthesia is one of the more challenging sub-specialty fields within the practice of anesthesiology. Patients within this population are frequently elderly, suffer from multiple medical conditions and often present for surgery in emergent or urgent scenarios that afford little time for preoperative evaluation and medical optimization. Analysis of data from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database, determined that vascular surgery carries an absolute risk of 30-day mortality of 3% [40]. The VISION study confirms these results demonstrating in 15,000 patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery, vascular surgery is a predictor of 30-day mortality [39]. These reviews highlight that vascular surgery is inherently high risk, and as such carries a significant probability of perioperative and post-operative morbidity and mortality.
The GIS Representation of Wildlife Movements: A Framework

This chapter discusses a conceptual framework for the representation of wildlife movements in a GIS environment. Basic requirements for the GIS representation are identified in terms of movement mechanisms (forage quality, quantity, geometry, distribution, and visibility) and movement parameters (moving direction, distance, sinuosity, and velocity). Three GIS data structures, vector, raster, and object-oriented vector, are evaluated for their strengths and weaknesses in the representation of individual wildlife, the landscape, their characteristics, interactions between animals and with the landscape. Based on the evaluation, the chapter outlines an implementation design for the development of GIS functionality to support the representation of wildlife movements.
NB4 cells show bilineage potential and an aberrant pattern of neutrophil secondary granule protein gene expression

NB4 is an acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line that has been shown to be inducible to terminal neutrophil maturation with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). HL60 cells are differentially inducible with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to monocytes or granulocytes, respectively. HL60 cells induced with DMSO undergo defective neutrophil maturation, manifested by a coordinate failure of secondary granule protein gene expression. We observed a similar defect in granulocytic maturation in ATRA-induced NB4 cells. In addition, because normal promyelocytes are known to have bilineage potential, we have investigated differentiation along monocytoid lines induced with TPA. We observed a striking phenotypic change along monocytoid/macrophage lines with TPA induction. Flow cytometry showed a TPA-induced increase in HLA-DR expression, and Northern blot analysis showed induction of expression of CD18, c-fos, and human neutrophil gelatinase (HNG). HNG is unique among the neutrophil secondary granule protein genes in that it is expressed in both the neutrophil and monocyte lineages. This again parallels our findings in TPA-induced HL60 cells, which retain the ability to express HNG. These findings confirm bilineage potential in NB4 cells. They also support the hypothesis of coordinate neutrophil secondary granule protein gene expression and a defect in this control as part of the leukemic phenotype.
Adriamycin in Adults with Neoplastic Diseases

It is perhaps inappropriate for my report to follow that of Dr. Bonadonna who has had by far the most extensive experience with adriamycin and whose experience has been substantially better than we have seen.
Modern Methods of Fertility Regulation: When and for Whom Are They Appropriate?

According to the 1982 Sri Lanka Contraceptive Prevalence Survey (CPS), 99 percent of ever-married women interviewed had knowledge of at least one contraceptive method, and 97 percent knew of a supply source or service point for this method. Fifty-five percent of currently married women interviewed during the survey had engaged in some form of contraception related behavior. This figure represents a significant increase over the findings of the 1975 World Fertility Survey (WFS) in Sri Lanka which found that 32 percent of married women interviewed had engaged in some contraceptive practice. The most popular method of contraception reported by the CPS was female sterilization, the method having been adopted by 17 percent of all women surveyed. Prevalence rates for other means of birth control were: rhythm, 13 percent; withdrawal, 5 percent; other traditional methods, 7 percent; male sterilization, 4 percent; condom, 3 percent; pill, 3 percent; and IUD, 3 percent. Between the 1975 WFS and the 1982 CPS surveys, reported prevalence of female sterilization and traditional contraceptive practices nearly doubled, while pill and condom use increased slightly and IUD use declined significantly.
Arresting Immigrants: Unemployment and Immigration Enforcement

This study provides an examination of immigrant arrests involving two different agencies of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS): The Border Patrol (BP) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Descriptive time series analyses track yearly changes in immigrant arrests in the decade following the September 11 terrorist attacks (2002-2013). For many DHS jurisdictions, changes in the rates of immigrant arrest closely mirrored changes in the rates of unemployment. First-difference regression models pooling yearly data for the ICE jurisdictions demonstrate that the associations between changes in unemployment rates and changes in immigrant arrest rates were positive and significant.
The impact of pathologic downstaging with neoadjuvant chemotherapy on survival of patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer.

491Background: Achieving a pathologic complete response (pCR) with neoadjuvat chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has been correlated with improved survival. S...
Performance evaluation of geocell-reinforced reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) bases in flexible pavements

Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) materials have been considered as one of the most sustainable options in the pavement industry. However, the low shear strength and high permanent deformation behav...
Discovery Mass Reach for Topgluons Decaying to t anti-t at the Tevatron

In topcolor assisted technicolor, topgluons are massive gluons which couple mainly to top and bottom quarks. We estimate the mass reach for topgluons decaying to t anti-t at the Tevatron as a function of integrated luminosity. The mass reach for topgluons decreases with increasing topgluon width, and is 1.0 - 1.1 TeV for Run II (2 fb^-1) and 1.3-1.4 TeV for TeV33 (30 fb^-1).
Overactive Bladder in Women: an Update for Primary Care Physicians

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a widely prevalent urinary condition affecting women of all ages, with increasing incidence in advancing age. A primary care provider is likely to encounter a significant proportion of women experiencing lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). This review serves primary care physicians as a thorough reference for a common condition causing LUTS in women. Most emerging data addressing overactive bladder relates to the different treatment modalities available. The side effect profile of antimuscarinic drugs remains an ongoing concern among OAB patients, especially with recent data linking the use of this class of drugs with Alzheimer’s and future development of dementia. In addition, it was recently demonstrated that individuals taking medications of medium-to-high anticholinergic activity had reduced brain glucose metabolism and increased brain atrophy. Combination treatments seem to be more efficacious than monotherapies, as has been proven when using mirabegron with antimuscarinics. Many studies have also validated the use of neuromodulation as a safe and effective treatment for OAB. Overactive bladder is a widely prevalent urinary condition affecting women of all ages. It is regarded as multifactorial with several proposed theories to explain its occurrence. Several tests are available to aid in diagnosing OAB. Symptom severity and patient-related factors including patient preferences drive treatment.
Impact of proton radiotherapy on treatment timing in pediatric and adult patients with CNS tumors.

Background Despite putative benefits associated with proton radiotherapy in the setting of CNS tumors, numerous barriers limit treatment accessibility. Given these challenges, we explored the association of proton use with variations in treatment timing. Methods Pediatric and adult patients with histologically confirmed CNS tumors were identified from the National Cancer Database (2004-2015). Univariable and multivariable regression models were constructed to assess factors impacting radiation timing. Multivariable Cox regression was used to evaluate the effect of treatment delay on survival. Results A total of 76 157 patients received photon or proton radiotherapy. Compared to photons, time to proton administration was longer in multiple pediatric (embryonal, ependymal, nonependymal glial, and other) and adult (ependymal, nonependymal glial, meningeal, other) tumor histologies. On adjusted analysis, proton radiotherapy was associated with longer delays in radiotherapy administration in pediatric embryonal tumors (+3.00 weeks, P = .024) and in all adult tumors (embryonal [+1.36 weeks, P = .018], ependymal [+3.15 weeks, P < .001], germ cell [+2.65 weeks, P = .024], glial [+2.15 weeks, P < .001], meningeal [+5.05 weeks, P < .001], and other [+3.06 weeks, P < .001]). In patients with high-risk tumors receiving protons, delays in adjuvant radiotherapy were independently associated with poorer survival (continuous [weeks], adjusted hazard ratio = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.02-1.16). Conclusions Proton radiotherapy is associated with later radiation initiation in pediatric and adult patients with CNS tumors. In patients with high-risk CNS malignancies receiving protons, delayed adjuvant radiotherapy is associated with poorer survival. Further studies are needed to understand this discrepancy to maximize the potential of proton radiotherapy for CNS malignancies.
Minimizing Variance in Gastroschisis Management Leads to Earlier Full Feeds in Delayed Closure.

Abstract Background Limited guidance exists regarding appropriate timing for feed initiation and advancement in gastroschisis. We hypothesized that implementation of a gastroschisis management protocol would allow for standardization of antibiotic and nutritional treatment for these patients. Methods We conducted a retrospective comparison of patients with simple gastroschisis at two pediatric hospitals before and after initiation of our gastroschisis care protocol. Complicated gastroschisis and early mortality were excluded. The control group extended from January 2012 to January 2014 and the protocol group from July 2014 to July 2016. Variables of interest included time to feed initiation, time to goal feeds, length of stay, and National Surgical Quality Improvement Program–defined complications. We performed a subgroup analysis for primary versus delayed gastroschisis closure. Statistical analyses, including F-tests for variance, were conducted in Prism. Results Forty-seven patients with simple gastroschisis were included (control = 22, protocol = 25). Protocol compliance was 76% with no increase in complication rates. There was no difference in length of stay or time from initiation to full feeds overall between the control and protocol groups. However, neonates who underwent delayed closure reached full feeds significantly earlier, averaging 9 d versus 15 d previously (P = 0.04). Conclusions For infants undergoing delayed closure, the time to full feeds in this group now appears to match that of patients undergoing primary closure, indicating that delayed closure should not be a reason for slower advancement. Additional studies are needed to assess the impact of earlier full enteral nutrition on rare complications and rates of necrotizing enterocolitis.
Institutional shifts and landscape change: the impact of the Período Especial on Cuba’s land system architecture

Formal institutions, especially policies, play a key role in land system change. Compared to other drivers of change, however, the impact of policies on landscapes is under-addressed in land system...
Rational Deterrence by Proxy: Designing Cooperative Security Agreements

President Obama's call for change in the conduct of US foreign policy shifts emphasis from direct interventions to cooperative partnerships. With a $5 billion pledge as support for their development, the issue of effectiveness and design is brought to the fore. If terror organizations cannot be eradicated, can a donor state successfully delegate the deterrence or at least the containment of a violent non-state actor to the host country from which it operates? We identify, assess for impact, and value rational delegated deterrence arrangements, in which the US subsidizes a host, and the host, with agreed upon vigor, inhibits the activity of the violent non-state actor operating within its borders. We account for the US' imperfect monitoring of host and non-state actor activity and identify agreements that can successfully deter the targeted organizations. We also find that mutually agreeable weak cooperation between donor and host can endure despite the survival of the violent non-state actor on host territory.
Surgery of uretero-pelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).

Abstract Uretero-pelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in infants and children. Historically, this condition has been approached surgically through a retroperitoneal approach as described by Anderson and Hynes aiming for an open dismembered pyeloplasty. A true evolution of laparoscopy in pediatric urology took place within the last 30 years. Laparoscopy developed from a merely diagnostic tool for non-palpable testes to “interventional” laparoscopy for extirpative surgery. Finally the era of reconstructive pediatric laparoscopic urology started, when in 1995 Peters described the first laparoscopic pyeloplasty in a child. Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty now has become the preferred surgical treatment of UPJO. It offers excellent visualization of the anatomy, accurate anastomotic suturing, thus the precise reconstruction of the UPJ along with good functional outcome. This article aims to provide the current status, indication and operative technique of laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty for UPJO in infants and children.
Histone Variant macroH2A1 Spatially and Functionally Organizes Human Papillomavirus Replication Foci in the Productive Stage of Infection

The life cycle of HPV depends on keratinocyte differentiation as the virus modulates and takes advantage of cellular pathways to replicate its genome and assemble viral particles in differentiated cells. Viral genomes are amplified in nuclear replication foci in differentiated keratinocytes, and DNA repair factors from the DNA damage response signaling pathway are recruited to replicate viral DNA. The HPV genome is associated with cellular histones at all stages of the infectious cycle, and here we show the histone variant macroH2A1 is bound to the HPV genome and enriched in viral replication foci in differentiated cells. MacroH2A1 isoforms play important roles in cellular transcriptional repression, double strand break repair, and replication stress. The viral E8^E2 protein also binds to the HPV genome and inhibits viral replication and gene expression by recruiting NCoR/SMRT complexes. We show here that E8^E2 and SMRT also localize within replication foci, though not through direct interaction with macroH2A1. Conversely, transcription complexes containing RNA polymerase II and Brd4 are located on the surface of the foci. Foci generated with an HPV16 E8^E2 mutant genome are not enriched for SMRT or macroH2A1 but contain transcriptional complexes throughout the foci. We demonstrate that macroH2A1 promotes viral late transcription and propose that it does so by spatially separating replication and transcription activities within replication foci. IMPORTANCEHuman papillomaviruses are small DNA viruses that cause chronic infection of cutaneous and mucosal epithelium. In some cases, persistent infection with HPV can result in cancer, and 5% human cancers are the result of HPV infection. In differentiated cells, HPV amplifies viral DNA in nuclear replication factories and transcribes late mRNAs to produce capsid proteins. However, very little is known about the spatial organization of these activities in the nucleus. Here we show that repressive viral and cellular factors localize within the foci to supress viral transcription, while active transcription takes place on the surface. The cellular histone variant macroH2A1 is important for this spatial organization.
Visit intention of non-visitors: A step toward advancing a people-centered image

Abstract Incorporating an experimental design, this study examines willingness to travel to another country for the first time after having long-term relations with natives of that country. It advances the term “people-centered image” to refer to the image projected by the natives of a destination. Leveraging the contact hypothesis and relational exchange theory, the study deepens the understanding of the ways in which non-visitors’ visit intentions are associated with perceived destination image, relational trust, and experienced hospitableness in the context of long-term relations with natives of tourist destinations. The results underscore the significant impact of experienced hospitableness on non-visitors to the extent that a low level of trust would no longer make a difference in their visit intentions. Furthermore, non-visitors who have a low perception of a destination still have a higher tendency to be willing to travel to there if they have experienced a high level of hospitableness in their relationships with natives from the destination.
Modeling diffraction off Digital Micromirror Devices

A newer model for diffraction from a Digital Micromirror Device is disclosed. The model predicts an improvement in light throughput, when the micromirrors are addressed in a FLAT state distinct from the standard ON/OFF states.
Technology requirements for GaAs photovoltaic arrays

An analysis based on percent GaAs solar cell weight and cost is performed to assess the utility of this cell for future space missions. It is shown that the GaAs substrate cost and the end-of-life (EOL) advantage the cell can provide over the space qualified silicon solar cell are the dominant factors determining potential use. Examples are presented to show that system level advantages resulting from reduction in solar panel area may warrant the use of GaAs at its current weight and projected initial cost provided the EOL advantage over silicon is at least 20 percent.
Q-VD-OPh, next generation caspase inhibitor.

The broad spectrum caspase inhibitor, Q-VD-OPh, provides not only a cost effective, non-toxic, and highly specific means of apoptotic inhibition but also new insight into next generation caspase inhibitors. Our data indicate that the specificity and effectiveness of next generation caspase inhibitors will be significantly enhanced by incorporating conjugated aminoterminal quinolyl and carboxyterminal O-phenoxy groups. A major disadvantage of fluoromethyl ketone and other carboxyterminal-conjugated caspase inhibitors has been the resultant toxicity in vivo which has hampered their use. Future studies examining other amino terminal modifications to 0-phenoxy conjugates to decrease hydrophobicity as well as nonpeptide, selective caspase inhibitors should provide even greater effectiveness. Studies assessing in vivo specificity, clearance, and toxicity of Q-VD-OPh will determine the potential use of this new generation of Ophenoxy caspase inhibitor conjugates as promising new therapeutics.
Summary of the International Symposium on Heavy Flavor and Electroweak Theory

This summary discusses some of the topics which were of overarching interest at the Symposium. These included, corrections to perturbative QCD predictions; heavy quark physics; electroweak symmetry breaking; and physics of the top quark.
Robert Bennion's ``Hopping Sieve''

This paper describes a sieving algorithm which in a cached memory environment may be superior to familiar “cross out bits” versions of the sieve of Eratosthenes. The algorithm also seems to show some advantages over “classical” versions of the sieve of Eratosthenes when adapted to the problem of factoring numbers in an interval.
Price Discovery in Multiple-Dealer Markets: The Case of the Interbank Foreign Exchange Market

Price discovery is a principal function of financial markets. Yet, especially for dealership markets, financial economists know little about how prices are determined. In this paper I analyze the process of price discovery in the multiple-dealer, interbank spot market for foreign exchange. I use DM/$ quotes to calculate interbank dealers’ “information shares,” their proportional contributions to the variance of innovations in the implicit, efficient exchange rate. These information shares are used to analyze relationships between price discovery and dealer characteristics. Unlike the U.S. equity markets, where regional exchanges contribute relatively little to price discovery, less-active interbank dealers play a large role, impounding most of the information into quotes. A pooled analysis of dealers’ intraday information shares indicates that the lower the relative bid-ask spread and the greater the number of regional foreign exchange branches, the higher is a dealer’s contribution to price discovery. Dealer nationality, however, does not appear related to price discovery within dealers’ domestic markets.
A configurable CMOS memory platform for 3D-integrated memristors

Memristors are emerging as powerful nanoscale devices for diverse applications, such as high-density memories and neuromorphic applications. However, this nascent technology requires considerable advancement before this vision is realized. We present a highly configurable CMOS interface chip which enables the characterization of on-chip memristors, especially for memory applications. The chip was fabricated in On-Semi 3M2P 0.5 μm occupying 2×2 mm2. The chip design allows for post-CMOS fabrication of memristors. The interface between the memristor and the CMOS circuitry was provided via a top metal contact. The chip was designed to support an area-distributed interface decoupling CMOS pitch and memristor pitch, enabling high-density memristor integration. Measurement results on post-CMOS fabricated Ag/SiO 2 /Pt memristive devices are reported. Though we have shown the results from one memristive material stack, thorough chip characterization demonstrates the versatility of the chip enabling its use with a wide variety of materials stacks.
Bladder neck contracture

Bladder neck contracture (BNC) is a well-described complication of the surgical treatment of benign and malignant prostate conditions. Nevertheless, etiologies of BNC development are highly dependent on the primary treatment modality undertaken with BNC also occurring after pelvic radiation. The treatment options for BNC can range from simple, office-based dilation procedures to more invasive, complex abdomino-perineal reconstructive surgery. Although numerous strategies have been described, a patient-specific approach is usually necessary in the management of these complex patients. In this review, we highlight various therapeutic maneuvers described for the management of BNC and further delineate a tailored approach utilized at our institution in these complicated patients.
Lumping in Markov set-chains

Abstract This paper shows how lumping in Markov chains can be extended to Markov set-chains. The criteria required for lumping in Markov set-chains is less restrictive than that of Markov chains.
Gauge fields, quantum interference, and holonomy transformations.

The question of which quantities are measured when a gauge field is experimentally detected is investigated. The Josephson effect is considered in connection with this question and a generalization of this effect for non-Abelian gauge theories is obtained. It is shown that the gauge field in an n-dimensional manifold can be reconstructed from the holonomy transformations (parallel-transport operators around loops) for an n-dimensional set of loops. An application is given to Minkowski space-time compactified by the addition of null infinity. An equivalence principle for gauge fields is also formulated.
ANGULAR DISPLACEMENT OF VISUAL FEEDBACK IN MOTION AND LEARNING.

The main hypothesis was that angular displacement of the visual feedback of motion produces no disturbance of behavior within a limited “normal” range, but that a breakdown angle can be found beyond this range which will produce disturbance in motion control in proportion to the magnitude of the feedback displacement. Experimental results concerning maze tracing and circle drawing specifically supported the hypothesis. In circle drawing, both compensatory visual displacement errors and direct motor error in control of the pattern of motion conformed to the theoretical assumptions. In addition, data on learning in the two tasks conformed to theoretical assumptions that specific sensory-feedback factors determine differences in motor learning and that the spatial properties of such feedback determine the level of performance during learning. The guiding hypothesis was derived from a neurogeometric conception of brain function, which assumes that each internuncial cell acts as a space detector to record the ...
Motional stark effect on Rydberg states in crossed electric and magnetic fields

Abstract Acknowledging the finite size of the nucleus in a Rydberg atom subjected to a magnetic field introduces an additional term into the Hamiltonian. Though often neglected or negligible in atoms, this term, which produces the motional Stark effect, may be important, e.g., in the solid state to an exciton interacting with a strong magnetic field. The consequences of this term in the problem of a two-dimensional Rydberg atom or exciton in crossed external electric and magnetic fields are investigated. A rich dynamics is uncovered: depending on the mass ratio and external field strengths, new types of internal motion may arise as compared to the dynamics possible in the infinite nuclear mass approximation.
Ribosomal protein S1 unwinds double-stranded RNA in multiple steps

The sequence and secondary structure of the 5′-end of mRNAs regulate translation by controlling ribosome initiation on the mRNA. Ribosomal protein S1 is crucial for ribosome initiation on many natural mRNAs, particularly for those with structured 5′-ends, or with no or weak Shine-Dalgarno sequences. Besides a critical role in translation, S1 has been implicated in several other cellular processes, such as transcription recycling, and the rescuing of stalled ribosomes by tmRNA. The mechanisms of S1 functions are still elusive but have been widely considered to be linked to the affinity of S1 for single-stranded RNA and its corresponding destabilization of mRNA secondary structures. Here, using optical tweezers techniques, we demonstrate that S1 promotes RNA unwinding by binding to the single-stranded RNA formed transiently during the thermal breathing of the RNA base pairs and that S1 dissociation results in RNA rezipping. We measured the dependence of the RNA unwinding and rezipping rates on S1 concentration, and the force applied to the ends of the RNA. We found that each S1 binds 10 nucleotides of RNA in a multistep fashion implying that S1 can facilitate ribosome initiation on structured mRNA by first binding to the single strand next to an RNA duplex structure (“stand-by site”) before subsequent binding leads to RNA unwinding. Unwinding by multiple small substeps is much less rate limited by thermal breathing than unwinding in a single step. Thus, a multistep scheme greatly expedites S1 unwinding of an RNA structure compared to a single-step mode.
Phytoremediation of lead using Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) with EDTA and electrodics

The use of plants to remove toxic metals from soil (phytoremediation) is emerging as a cost-effective alternative to conventional methods. Because contaminants such as lead have limited bioavailability in the soil, methods to facilitate its transport to the shoots and roots of plants are required to the success of phytoremediation. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) has been shown to be effective at accumulating high tissue concentrations of lead when grown in contaminated soil with the addition of a chelating agent, such as EDTA. The addition of an electric field around the plants is an alternative approach to increase the uptake of lead. In this work, bench scale studies illustrated the application of electrodic phytoremediation with EDTA for lead using Indian mustard. The effects of a range of parameters such as operating current/voltage with different concentrations, application time of EDTA and electric potential, and daily application time of electric potential were studied. The accumulation of lead in the shoots using 0.5 mmol/kg EDTA with electric potential increased by two- to four-fold compared to the use of EDTA only. The maximum lead accumulation in the shoots was obtained with the application of electric field 1 h per day for 9 days with EDTA.
DL-ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL, A POTENT INHIBITOR OF PHORBOL ESTER INDUCED SHAPE CHANGE OF ERYTHRO- AND MEGAKARYOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA CELLS

Synthetic vitamin E, dl-alpha-tocopherol, added to a human erythroleukemia HEL and a megakaryoblastic leukemia, Meg-01, cell culture produced potent dose-dependent inhibition of phorbol ester-induced adhesion and of the morphologic changes accompanying it. The inhibition was reversible by withdrawal of supplemental vitamin E from the medium. dl-alpha-Tocopherol also inhibited protein kinase C activity both at baseline and after phorbol ester stimulation. Arachidonic acid stimulated protein kinase C activity of erythroleukemia cells and promoted their adhesion, an effect that was also inhibited by dl-alpha-tocopherol. Introduction of a protein kinase C-neutralizing antibody or a protein kinase C-inhibitor substrate into permeabilized HEL cells inhibited phorbol ester-induced adhesion and shape change. dl-alpha-Tocopherol also affected the cellular distribution of protein kinase C, shifting the major portion of the enzyme to the cytosol fraction and reducing phorbol ester-induced membrane association of the enzyme. Thus, protein kinase C appears to mediate shape change and adhesion, both of which are strongly inhibited by dl-alpha-tocopherol.
Pericarp strength of sunflower and its value for plant defense against the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum

Sunflower pericarps provide a barrier against seed feeding by larvae of the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum. Pericarp hardening is thought to be accelerated by a phytomelanin layer beneath the hypodermis, but among germplasm with phytomelanin, broad variation in sunflower pericarp strength exists. To facilitate the use of pericarp strength in sunflower breeding, resistance to mechanical puncture was assessed for diverse sunflower germplasm, and feeding tests were used to evaluate whether differences in pericarp strength prevent H. electellum larvae from penetrating achenes. Test on field-grown sunflowers indicates that public restorer lines have lower pericarp strengths compared with maintainer lines and commercial hybrids at 14 days after the start of anthesis. Interspecific crosses or plant introduction (PI) accessions believed to be resistant to H. electellum, including PI 170415, comprised a group with exceptionally high pericarp strength relative to other germplasm. In subsequent tests on greenhouse-grown sunflowers, overall results were similar, but using field-grown plants provided greater statistical power. In choice tests with achenes that differed in pericarp strength, 7- to 9-day-old sunflower moth larvae fed more often on seed protected by a weaker pericarp, at a more than 5-to-1 ratio, while 10-day-old larvae fed indiscriminately. Pericarp strength data contradict previous published results for individual entries and heterotic groups, but support the generalization that improved physical resistance to the sunflower moth is possible. To use pericarp strength in PI 170415 or similar sources, the inheritance of high pericarp strength and potential trade-offs between pericarp strength and other agronomic traits need to be understood.