cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Palladas and the Age of Constantine

This article begins with a review of the traditional dates for Palladas (c. A.D. 360–450) and the current consensus of most scholars (c. A.D. 319–400). The first of these relies almost exclusively on the dubious manuscript lemmata and the second on an interpretation of Palladas' epigrams pertaining to the rise of Christianity and the weakening of the pagan cults, which are supposed to be Theodosian in date. Both timelines are difficult to reconcile with two external clues, which together suggest that his floruit must have been earlier than the second half of the fourth century. Further analysis reveals that the important pagan-Christian epigrams are full of Constantine's political and religious propaganda post-324. Another line of inquiry establishes a new set of dates: c. A.D. 259–340.
Position-Sensitive Scanning Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) uses a stationary laser beam to illuminate a small sample volume and analyze the temporal behavior of the fluorescence fluctuations within the stationary observation volume. In contrast, scanning FCS (SFCS) collects the fluorescence signal from a moving observation volume by scanning the laser beam. The fluctuations now contain both temporal and spatial information about the sample. To access the spatial information we synchronize scanning and data acquisition. Synchronization allows us to evaluate correlations for every position along the scanned trajectory. We use a circular scan trajectory in this study. Because the scan radius is constant, the phase angle is sufficient to characterize the position of the beam. We introduce position-sensitive SFCS (PSFCS), where correlations are calculated as a function of lag time and phase. We present the theory of PSFCS and derive expressions for diffusion, diffusion in the presence of flow, and for immobilization. To test PSFCS we compare experimental data with theory. We determine the direction and speed of a flowing dye solution and the position of an immobilized particle. To demonstrate the feasibility of the technique for applications in living cells we present data of enhanced green fluorescent protein measured in the nucleus of COS cells.
Nonplatinum therapy in advanced bladder cancer

Carcinoma of the bladder is the second most prevalent genitourinary malignancy and the fifth most common solid malignancy in the USA. Combination chemotherapy is used in most patients with advanced disease. Traditionally, on the basis of favorable response rates and survival data, cisplatin-based regimens have been the preferred chemotherapy for patients with metastatic bladder cancer. However, the toxicity profile of cisplatin precludes its use in a significant subset of patients with advanced bladder cancer. Conversely, noncisplatin-containing regimens have been shown to have a more favorable toxicity profile and to have activity in advanced bladder cancer. Here, various nonplatinum chemotherapy regimens for advanced disease are reviewed.
Effects of Riparian Timber Management on Amphibians in Maine

Abstract Riparian areas are one of the most complex, diverse, and dynamic environments in forested ecosystems. In areas managed for timber, riparian areas are often protected with unharvested forested buffers, but it is unclear whether these buffers are adequate to maintain the floral and faunal diversity of riparian areas. Amphibians are sensitive to forest management, have high diversity in riparian areas, and are among the most abundant vertebrates in temperate forests; therefore, they are excellent candidates to use in a study of the effects of riparian timber management. We conducted a field experiment with 15 headwater streams in western Maine, USA, randomly assigned to 5 silvicultural treatments. We examined amphibian abundance for 1 year prior to and 2 years following treatment. We also undertook a retrospective study on 12 headwater streams representing 3 treatments where harvests had occurred 4–10 years earlier. We used pitfall traps with drift fences and cover-controlled, active-searches to sam...
Plastic deformation of polycrystalline molybdenum: Experimental data and macroscopic model accounting for its anisotropy and tension–compression asymmetry

Abstract In this paper a systematic experimental investigation of the room-temperature mechanical response of polycrystalline commercially pure molybdenum (Mo) is presented. It was established that the material has ductility in tension at 10 −5 /s and that the failure strain is strongly dependent on the orientation. A specimen taken along the rolling direction sustains large axial strains (20%), while a specimen taken at an angle of 45° to the rolling direction could only sustain 5% strain. It was observed that irrespective of the loading orientation the yield stress in uniaxial compression is larger than in uniaxial tension. While in tension the material has a strong anisotropy in Lankford coefficients, in uniaxial compression it displays weak strain-anisotropy. An elastic-plastic orthotropic model that accounts for all the specificities of the plastic deformation of the material was developed. Validation of the model was done through comparison with data on notched specimens. Quantitative agreement with both global and local strain fields was obtained. In particular, the effect of loading orientation on the response was very well described.
Refining the Bush v. Gore Taxonomy

This piece grows out of my larger piece "The Future of Bush v. Gore" and is part of the same symposium "Election Law and the Roberts Court", to be published by the Ohio State Law Journal. This piece specifically replies to Professor Daniel Lowenstein's contribution to the symposium, which itself was a response to my "The Future of Bush v. Gore" article. Building upon Lowenstein's very constructive commentary, this piece refines the original article's classification of potential Equal Protection claims based on the precedent of Bush v. Gore. This refinement emphasizes the distinction between adjudicatory and regulatory administrative actions undertaken by local election officials, while simultaneously retaining the earlier three-part classification of the potential relationship between local election administration and state law: mistake, imprecision, and express delegation. The refined categorization of potential Bush v. Gore claims is offered in the hope that it will be useful to litigants and judges in their effort to assess the merits of those potential claims.
Wear and Friction of Impregnated Carbon Seal Materials in Liquid Nitrogen and Hydrogen

The most effective dynamic seals for cryogenic fluids require slider materials for solid contact. The seal material should provide inherently low friction and low wear since cryogenic liquids are not capable of effective boundary lubrication [1]. Mechanical carbons (those made for applications involving mechanical stress) are most commonly used as nose pieces for seals. The carbon compositions are usually considered capable of self-lubrication, in liquid nitrogen and in liquid hydrogen, however, the wear of carbons is rapid [1,2] and may result in a service life of less than 1% of that expected with water or lubricants. In gaseous nitrogen or dry air, the problem may be more critical than in a cryogenic liquid since the liquid is an effective sink for the removal of frictional heat [3].
REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR OF FEMALE BUNTINGS: ISOLATING MECHANISMS IN A HYBRIDIZING PAIR OF SPECIES

The plumage characteristics of male Indigo and Lazuli Buntings are distinct, but the two species can learn each other's songs. Populations comprising Indigo, Lazuli and hybrid individuals occur in the Great Plains of North America, and assortative mating has been inferred from morphometric data. We devised a laboratory assay for determining female preferences for visual and vocal characteristics of conspecific and heterospecific males and for mixtures of these characteristics, such as might be encountered in an overlap population. Females of both species gave more copulation-solicitation displays when exposed to conspecific plumage and vocalizations than when exposed to heterospecific plumage and vocalizations. Females gave intermediate and similar responses to the combinations of conspecific plumage with heterospecific vocalizations and heterospecific plumage with conspecific vocalizations. Thus, in the absence of other potentially important variables, female reproductive behavior is consistent with the hypothesis of assortative mating, based upon both vocal and visual traits of the males and caused by female choice in this semispecies pair.
Bombesin-Like Receptor 3: Physiology of a Functional Orphan

Bombesin-like receptor 3 (BRS-3) is an X-linked orphan Gq-coupled receptor that regulates food intake, metabolic rate, body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and insulin secretion. Most BRS-3 actions occur via the brain, through mechanisms including regulating sympathetic outflow. Ablation of Brs3 causes obesity, while synthetic agonists produce weight loss.
Finite Sample Performance of Principal Components Estimators for Dynamic Factor Models: Asymptotic and Bootstrap Approximations

This paper investigates the …nite sample properties of the two-step estimators of dy- namic factor models when unobservable common factors are estimated by the principal components methods in the …rst step. Eects of the number of individual series on the estimation of an autoregressive model of a common factor are investigated both by the- oretical analysis and by a Monte Carlo simulation. When the number of the series is not su¢ ciently large, relative to the number of time series observations, the autoregressive coe¢ cient estimator of positively autocorrelated factor is biased downward and the bias is larger for a more persistent factor. In such a case, bootstrap procedures are eective in reducing the bias, and bootstrap con…dence intervals outperform naive asymptotic con…dence intervals in terms of controlling the coverage probability.
Bypassing Space Explosion in Regular Expression Matching for Network Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems.

Network intrusion detection and prevention systems commonly use regular expression (RE) signatures to represent individual security threats. While the corresponding DFA for any one RE is typically small, the DFA that corresponds to the entire set of REs is usually too large to be constructed or deployed. To address this issue, a variety of alternative automata implementations that compress the size of the final automaton have been proposed such as XFA and DFA. The resulting final automata are typically much smaller than the corresponding DFA. However, the previously proposed automata construction algorithms do suffer from some drawbacks. First, most employ a “Union then Minimize” framework where the automata for each RE are first joined before minimization occurs. This leads to an expensive NFA to DFA subset construction on a relatively large NFA. Second, most construct the corresponding large DFA as an intermediate step. In some cases, this DFA is so large that the final automaton cannot be constructed even though the final automaton is small enough to be deployed. In this paper, we propose a “Minimize then Union” framework for constructing compact alternative automata focusing on the DFA. We show that we can construct an almost optimal final DFA with small intermediate parsers. The key to our approach is a space and time efficient routine for merging two compact DFA into a compact DFA. In our experiments, our algorithm runs up to 302 times faster and uses 1390 times less memory than previous algorithms. For example, we are able to construct a DFA with over 80,000,000 states using only 1GB of main memory in only 77 minutes.
Aspects of slow wave structure synthesis

This lecture will first outline a method of programming computers to calculate the dispersion curves and impedances of slow wave structures used in microwave work. I believe the time has come to analyze and tabulate slow wave structure characteristics once and for all. We have not yet begun this programme at the University of California but I have no doubt it can be carried out successfully. After outlining to you the steps in the computer analysis I shall quote a variational expression for frequency at a given propagation constant which I have found to be a tight upperbound to dispersion curves of certain helices. Prom this expression we can obtain a perturbation formula for a general helix which is the analog of Slater’s perturb- ation formula for a resonant cavity. Last of all, I shall describe a rather well-known method of shaping the dispersion curve of a narrowband cavity chain by resonant-slot or resonant-loop coupling.
Democratization by Elections Revisited

The "Democratization by Elections" thesis suggests that repeated elections can causally lead to democratization. There are empirical works agreeing as well as disagreeing. Theoretically, authoritarian elections can both help and harm democracy. Electoral integrity may explain effect heterogeneity of repeated elections. This paper tests the "Democratization by Elections" thesis and attempts to incorporate Electoral Integrity.
Structures of DNA Polymerase Mispaired DNA Termini Transitioning to Pre-catalytic Complexes Support an Induced-Fit Fidelity Mechanism.

High-fidelity DNA synthesis requires that polymerases display a strong preference for right nucleotide insertion. When the wrong nucleotide is inserted, the polymerase deters extension from the mismatched DNA terminus. Twenty-three crystallographic structures of DNA polymerase β with terminal template-primer mismatches were determined as binary DNA and ternary pre-catalytic substrate complexes. These structures indicate that the mismatched termini adopt various distorted conformations that attempt to satisfy stacking and hydrogen-bonding interactions. The binary complex structures indicate an induced strain in the mismatched template nucleotide. Addition of a non-hydrolyzable incoming nucleotide stabilizes the templating nucleotide with concomitant strain in the primer terminus. Several dead-end ternary complex structures suggest that DNA synthesis might occur as the enzyme transitions from an open to a closed complex. The structures are consistent with an induced-fit mechanism where a mismatched terminus is misaligned relative to the correct incoming nucleotide to deter or delay further DNA synthesis.
Kiowa Storytelling Around a Map

This chapter describes the use of Kiowa historical and contemporary maps as mediation spaces to gain a better understanding of Kiowa geographies through participant storytelling. Indigenous people use maps and geographic information systems (GIS) for land and water rights litigation, education, and cultural preservation. However, very little research has been conducted on the use of digital maps and now GIS to elicit stories or tell personal histories. In other words, the map becomes a space for mediation, interpretation, and revision. It is also very important to include native language and storytelling as an extension of the map itself. The first case study presents the use of a Kiowa historical map as a space for telling stories by Kiowa participants. Participant stories are often indirectly related to the map itself, but contain important personal histories and travel narratives adding richness to place. The second case study focuses on the creation of a digital multimedia map, used by the Kiowa during a political transitional period involving the revision of their tribal government Constitution. I will conclude by addressing the pros and cons of each use of maps for digital storytelling.
Soy protein concentrate mitigates markers of colonic inflammation and loss of gut barrier function in vitro and in vivo

Whereas a number of studies have examined the effects of soy isoflavones and tocopherols on colonic inflammation, few have examined soy protein. We determined the radical scavenging and cytoprotective effects of soy protein concentrate (SPC) in vitro and its anti-inflammatory effects in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice. Cotreatment with SPC protected Caco-2 human colon cells from H2O2-induced cell death and mitigated intracellular oxidative stress. Treatment of differentiated Caco-2 cells with SPC blunted DSS-induced increases in monolayer permeability. Pepsin/pancreatin-digested SPC had reduced radical scavenging activity, but retained the monolayer protective effects of SPC. In vivo, 1.5% DSS caused body weight loss, colon shortening, and splenomegaly in CF-1 mice. Co-treatment with 12% SPC mitigated DSS-induced body weight loss and splenomegaly. DSS increased colonic interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 expression. The levels of these markers were significantly lower in mice co-treated with SPC. SPC prevented DSS-mediated reductions in colonic glucagon-like peptide 2 levels, suggesting that SPC can prevent loss of gut barrier function, but no significant effect on claudin 1 and occludin mRNA levels of was observed. SPC-treated mice had lower colonic mRNA expression of toll-like receptor 4 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3), and lower caspase-1 enzyme activity than DSS-treated mice. In summary, SPC exerted antioxidant and cytoprotective effects in vitro and moderated the severity of DSS-induced inflammation and loss of gut barrier function in vivo. These effects appear to be mediated in part through reduced NLRP3 expression and caspase 1 activity.
Critical role of the POT1 OB domain in maintaining genomic stability

Oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding (OB) domain-containing proteins have been identified as critical for telomere maintenance, DNA repair, transcription and other DNA metabolism processes. Protection of telomere 1 (POT1), a telomere binding protein, has an OB domain like single-strand binding protein (SSB1). In this issue of Oncogene, Gu et al. present evidence that POT1, like SSB1, is required to maintain genomic stability. This work, in conjunction with results from previous investigators, highlights the importance of POT1 in telomere metabolism. Inactivation of POT1 telomere protective functions in mouse models lacking p53 expression in the breast epithelium unleashes a torrent of DNA damage responses (DDRs) at the telomeres, culminating in karyotypic alterations with massive arrays of telomere fusions. Therefore, POT1 is not only required to promote telomere homeostasis, but also plays an essential role in maintaining a stable genome.
Migrant Children Schools in Contemporary China

Grounded in scholarly traditions in sociology, anthropology, education, ethnographic research methods, interdisciplinary history research, and decolonizing methodology, Min Yu has developed an inqu...
Efficacy and Costs of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Allogeneic T-Cell Depleted Bone Marrow Transplantation

Hematopoietic growth factors have shown clinical benefits in patients undergoing chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation, but few studies have been performed to assess whether the benefits are worth the costs. We reviewed 196 patients undergoing T-cell depleted related donor bone marrow transplantation (BMT) between 1990 and 1996 to assess the effect of growth factor use on time to engraftment and costs of hospitalization. Beginning in 1994, based on encouraging results in autologous transplantation, patients (n = 81) were treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) starting at day +1 after marrow infusion until engraftment. Between January 1, 1990 and January 1, 1994, patients (n = 115) did not receive growth factor. CD6 depletion of donor marrow was the only form of prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Despite receiving a lower stem cell dose (P = .004), the group receiving G-CSF had a decreased time to engraftment (20 days v 12 days, P < .0001) and time from marrow infusion to discharge (23 days v 17 days, P < .0001). In multivariate modeling, the use of G-CSF was the most significant factor predicting time to engraftment and discharge. Incidence of grades II-IV GVHD, early mortality, percentage of patients who engrafted, and relapse rates did not differ between the groups. Inpatient charges during the first 50 days after marrow infusion (including readmissions) were available on 110 patients and were converted to costs using departmental ratios of costs of charges. Median costs were significantly lower in the group receiving G-CSF ($80,600 v $84,000, P = .0373). Thus, use of G-CSF in this setting allows earlier hospital discharge with lower costs.
Evaluation of Treatment With Stimulants in Narcolepsy

This paper briefly reviews sleep laboratory studies on the treatment efficacy of methylphenidate, pemoline, dextroamphetamine and methamphetamine. The literature indicates that 1) methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, pemoline and methamphetamine objectively improve somnolence as measured by the Multiple Sleep Latency or Maintenance of Wakefulness Tests (MSLT or MWT); 2) pemoline, at doses up to 112.5 mg, is less effective in controlling somnolence than methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine and methamphetamine; 3) there are dose-dependent improvements in performance that parallel MSLT and MWT data; and 4) at the highest doses of stimulants studied to date, narcoleptics, although improved, still did not function on MSLT or MWT and most performance tests at levels comparable to those of control subjects. Future research designs should address issues of placebo erect, practice erects and the degree to which alertness and performance measures can be pharmacologically brought up to levels comparable to those of normal control subjects
Plant Molecular Systematics

Plant systematics has been revolutionized during the past decade by the application of molecular techniques to questions of evolutionary patterns and processes. Analysis of variation in the chloroplast genome in particular and, to a lesser extent, in segments of the nuclear genome has vastly improved our understanding of plant phylogeny at all taxonomic levels. The phylogenetic patterns have, in turn, led to inferences of evolutionary processes and spurred hypotheses of adaptive radiation and character evolution. Consequently, systematics has emerged as a vigorous branch of evolutionary biology, providing the requisite historical perspective for comparative biology and the phylogenetic framework for developing hypotheses of evolutionary processes.
The vital few meet the trivial many: unexpected use patterns in a monographs collection.

Abstract PURPOSE: To test three related hypotheses about monographs circulation at academic health sciences libraries: (1) Juran's "Vital Few" Principle, sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "Pareto Principle"; (2) most (> 30%) new monographs will not circulate within four years; and, (3) Trueswell's 20/80 rule concerning intensity of monographs circulation. METHODS: Retrospective circulation study conducted at a major academic health sciences library in November 1997 on monographs acquired during 1993, utilizing an online review file. RESULTS: Unexpectedly, most monographs (84%) had circulated at least once in the four years following acquisition. Combining circulation and in-house data revealed that 90.7% of the monographs acquired in 1993 had been used at least once. Small percentages of these monographs produced disproportionately high circulation levels. CONCLUSION: Monographs circulation rates confirm Juran's Vital Few principle. Most monographs circulated at least once in contrast to results reported by the Pittsburgh Study or other studies reported by Hardesty and Fenske. The results do not comply with Trueswell's 20/80 ratio rule. Further research needs to investigate the effects of low students to books ratios and problem-based learning (PBL) curricula upon monographs utilization.
Crime, Conspiracy and Cover-Up: Finding the Truth in the Soviet Union, the Kirov Assassination

On December 1, 1934, Sergei Mironovich Kirov, head of the Leningrad party organization of the Soviet Union, was shot dead outside his office in the former Smolny Institute. Kirov’s murder would prove to be the catalyst that effectively launched General Secretary Joseph Stalin’s Great Purge of the Communist Party from 1936 to 1938. In this two year period hundreds of thousands of Soviet citizens were executed and millions more were sentenced to exile. Though an earthshaking start to an inexplicably dark period of Soviet history, the real intrigue in Kirov’s assassination lies in the fact that, over 75 years later, the case remains inconclusive. This paper attempts to shed light on the various theories surrounding the possible culprits involved in the Kirov assassination as well as address the potential limitations involved in ultimately achieving the notion of historical truth.
Redox Systems Generated by Electrochemical Oxidations and Reductions

Electrochemical methods offer the possibility to carry out reduction and oxidation of numerous endogenic and exogenic biologically important compounds. The reduction and oxidation processes can involve both organic and inorganic species and can be carried out in nonaqueous media resembling situations in lipophilic systems or in aqueous media corresponding to situations in most biological fluids. Electrochemical methods enable studies of the effects of various cations and anions of electrolytes on the oxidation — reduction process. Electron transfers are often accompanied by proton transfers, particularly in hydroxylic solvents and effects of such transfers can be studied by following effects of pH in buffered solutions on electrochemical data. Electrochemical measurements can be carried out under conditions of no current flow, when potential of reversible oxidation-reduction systems can be measured. It should be stressed that Potentiometric measurements should be restricted to systems in which the equilibrium between the oxidized and reduced forms is rapidly established (which are denoted reversible) and fail when studies of irreversible systems (e.g. ascorbic acid or thiols) are attempted.
Lighting education and outreach at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

The Department of Physics and Optical Engineering at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology has served as an educational outreach partner with the National Science Foundation sponsored engineering research center, Lighting Enabled Systems & Applications (formally Smart Lighting) for the past eight years. As part of the center, we developed educational materials on smart lighting, developed and taught lighting courses and workshops for both high school teachers and college students, and produced several short educational videos with students on lighting and general optical engineering topics. In this paper we will give examples of research and technical projects that were completed with students, discuss instructional materials that were developed, and describe the content of lighting and optics related educational videos.
Two-dimensional graphene oxide-reinforced porous biodegradable polymeric nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering

This study investigates the mechanical properties and in vitro cytotoxicity of two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide nanoribbons and nanoplatelets (GONRs and GONPs) reinforced porous polymeric nanocomposites. Highly porous poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) nanocomposites were prepared by dispersing 0.2 wt % single- and multiwalled SONRs (SWGONRs and MWGONRs) and GONPs. The mechanical properties of scaffolds were characterized using compression testing and in vitro cytocompatibility was assessed using QuantiFlour assay for cellularity and PrestoBlue assay for cell viability. Immunofluorescence was used to assess collagen-I expression and deposition in the extracellular matrix. Porous PPF scaffolds were used as a baseline control and porous single and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) reinforced nanocomposites were used as positive controls. Results show that incorporation of 2D graphene nanomaterials leads to an increase in the mechanical properties of porous PPF nanocomposites with following the trend: MWGONRs > GONPs > SWGONRs > MWCNTs > SWCNTs > PPF control. MWGONRs showed the best enhancement of compressive mechanical properties with increases of up to 26% in compressive modulus (i.e., Young's modulus), ~60% in yield strength, and ~24% in the ultimate compressive strength. Addition of 2D nanomaterials did not alter the cytocompatibility of porous PPF nanocomposites. Furthermore, PPF nanocomposites reinforced with SWGONRs, MWGONRs, and GONPs show an improvement in the adsorption of collagen-I compared to PPF baseline control. The results of this study show that 2D graphene nanomaterial reinforced porous PPF nanocomposites possess superior mechanical properties, cytocompatibility, and increased protein adsorption. The favorable cytocompatibility results opens avenues for in vivo safety and efficacy studies for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1143-1153, 2019.
POLYPHARMACY INCREASES IN PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY FOLLOWING A HEART FAILURE HOSPITALIZATION

Myriad factors can lead to a high number of medications in older adults with heart failure (HF) which is concerning as taking at least 10 medications is associated with adverse outcomes. We aimed to examine patterns of polypharmacy among older adults hospitalized with HF. We examined adults aged
Towards More Inclusive Theory and Organizing: Advancements in Multi- Team Systems Research

This symposium brings together junior and senior scholars, as well as doctoral students to share and build on their research on multi-team systems (MTSs). As organizations face increasingly complex...
Selective DYRK1A Inhibitor for the Treatment of Type 1 Diabetes: Discovery of 6-Azaindole Derivative GNF2133

Autoimmune deficiency and destruction in either β-cell mass or function can cause insufficient insulin levels and, as a result, hyperglycemia and diabetes. Thus, promoting β-cell proliferation could be one approach toward diabetes intervention. In this report we describe the discovery of a potent and selective DYRK1A inhibitor GNF2133, which was identified through optimization of a 6-azaindole screening hit. In vitro, GNF2133 is able to proliferate both rodent and human β-cells. In vivo, GNF2133 demonstrated significant dose-dependent glucose disposal capacity and insulin secretion in response to glucose-potentiated arginine-induced insulin secretion (GPAIS) challenge in rat insulin promoter and diphtheria toxin A (RIP-DTA) mice. The work described here provides new avenues to disease altering therapeutic interventions in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D).
Attitude Stabilization during Retargeting Maneuver of Flexible Spacecraft Subject to Time Delay and Actuators Saturation

This paper investigates the attitude stability of a flexible spacecraft made of a rigid platform and multiple flexible appendages during retargeting rest to rest slew maneuver. In addition to the attenuation of external disturbances and model uncertainties, the designed fuzzy controller goal is to suppress the vibration caused by the minimum time manoeuver of the appendages, and to stabilize the attitude of the spacecraft subject to independent time delay and actuators saturation. The fuzzy controller-observer is formulated as a set of linear matrix inequalities and utilizes the parallel distributed compensator to obtain the feedback control and the observer gains. Numerical simulations are provided to measure the performance of the proposed controller.
Hemodynamic Assessment: Right Heart Catheterization, Pulmonary Hypertension, Left-to-Right Shunt, Constriction, and Restriction

Hemodynamic assessment is a critical component of cardiac catheterization. Although advances in cardiovascular imaging today offer many tools for noninvasive hemodynamic assessment, invasive hemodynamic assessment in the cardiac catheterization laboratory remains essential for accurate diagnosis and measurement, particularly when noninvasive imaging data are of suboptimal quality or indeterminate interpretation.
Multi-agent Naïve Utility Calculus: Intent Recognition in the Stag-Hunt Game

The human ability to utilize social and behavioral cues to infer each other’s intents, infer motivations, and predict future actions is a central process to human social life. This ability represents a facet of human cognition that artificial intelligence has yet to fully mimic and master. Artificial agents with greater social intelligence have wide-ranging applications from enabling the collaboration of human-AI teams to more accurately modelling human behavior in complex systems. Here, we show that the Naive Utility Calculus generative model is capable of competing with leading models in intent recognition and action prediction when observing stag-hunt, a simple multiplayer game where agents must infer each other’s intentions to maximize rewards. Moreover, we show the model is the first with the capacity to out-compete human observers in intent recognition after the first round of observation.
Chromatic dispersion properties of highly localized Anderson modes in random silica-air fiber

We present in this work chromatic dispersion measurements of highly localized Anderson modes in silica-air fiber using white light interferometry and confirmed our experimental results with rigorous FEM simulations.
Theology as freedom: by Andrea Vestrucci, Tubingen, Mohr Siebeck, 2019, 335 pp., $87 (paperback), ISBN: 978-3-16-156975-3

In this challenging, creative and far reaching work, the reader is exposed to new approaches to the classical arguments between Luther and Erasmus as well as their consequences for other significan...
Customer Selection Utilizing Big Data Analytics

Abstract Customer selection (or targeting) problem has been studied as a very important problem for a long time in the domain of sales and marketing. In the 2000s, as much more resources became available (e.g., various data sources, large databases, and improved computing power), new approaches based on data mining techniques have been tried. In this chapter, we try to expand the customer selection problem to a specific domain of demand response (DR) program targeting based on big data analytics using proper data mining techniques. To guarantee the scalability, we propose an efficient customer selection method via stochastic knapsack problem solving and a simple response modeling in one example DR program.
Political narratives and the production of legitimacy : The case of corruption in post-Mao China

China watchers have predicted that corruption would lead to a crisis for the ruling regime. Instead, the Chinese Communist Party has somehow managed to retain and even strengthen its political legitimacy. This article analyzes corruption not as a crime or a political problem but as a topic of political narratives, thereby revealing the political processes which led to this result. This study, based on interviews and archival data, examines narratives on the topic of corruption produced in the post-Mao era by the ruling regime and political dissidents in their struggle to influence the populace's views on political legitimacy. In the 1980s, disgruntled intellectuals drew upon the traditionalist collective narrative of corruption to teach citizens to blame the leadership and the structure of the government for social problems, essentially rewriting the narratives used to assess and judge the regime. In doing so, they successfully threatened the political authority of the Party-state. However, in the 1990s, China's leaders and the official media revised the story of corruption so that the Party-state battled corruption on behalf of its citizens in order to bring them economic opportunities, rising living standards, and social stability. In these new narratives, the role of the state was no longer that of ideological or moral leadership, but of economic management. Through these narratives of economic management, the regime managed to control the corruption crisis and recapture its political legitimacy, but was also forced to deal with the consequences of this new vision of state-society relations.
An equivalence of relativistic field equations

A mechanism is developed whereby some relativistic wave equations for the same spin can be related to each other. The successful as well as the pathological attributes of a given equation can then be seen to extend to other theories.
In vivo interactions of cadmium with copper, zinc, and iron

The chemical similarities between copper, zinc, and cadmium led to the speculation that there existed a copper component of cadmium toxicity in addition to the previously shown zinc component. Cadmium was found to be toxic to chicks at dietary levels of 25 to 400 ppM in a copper- and iron-deficient diet. The toxicity resulted in a reduced growth rate, mortality, microcytic hypochromic anemia, and atony and elongation of the gizzard. The growth depression and gizzard abnormality were corrected by increased dietary zinc. The mortality was reversed by added copper indicating that the speculation which prompted the study was valid. Increased dietary iron partially corrected both the mortality and the growth depression, indicating a previously unsuspected iron component of cadmium toxicity. 13 references, 6 tables.
Pseudorabies virus: a highly specific transneuronal cell body marker in the sympathetic nervous system

The present report presents a series of experiments using Bartha's K strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV) designed to test the specificity of this virus as a retrograde transneuronal marker in the sympathetic nervous system of rats. Three experiments were performed. First, an injection of PRV was made in the anterior chamber of the eye, followed 24 hr later by an injection of WGA-HRP. PRV infected neurons in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) always contained WGA-HRP. This dual labeling of SCG neurons suggests that the PRV cell body labeling does not nonspecifically infect nearby neurons. Second, after PRV injections into the pinna or eye, a specific segmental distribution of the transneuronal cell body labeling occurred in the intermediolateral cell column and related spinal areas. After eye injections, the majority of transneuronally labeled neurons were in the T1-T3 segments. After pinna injections, the majority of labeled cells were in the T2-T5 segments. Since the SCG cells innervating these 2 end organs lie in close proximity to each other within the ganglion, these results suggest that a specific transfer of the virus to the preganglionic neurons occurred, possibly via a transsynaptic mechanism. Third, virally infected glial cells were rarely found in the SCG or spinal cord. In summary, Bartha's K strain of PRV is a specific transneuronal retrograde grader marker in the sympathetic nervous system.
Qualitative Examination of Adolescent Health-Related Quality of Life at 1 Year Postconcussion

Context: Moderate to severe traumatic brain injuries can negatively influence health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescent patients. The effect of sport-related concussion on adolescent HRQOL remains unclear. Objective: To investigate the perceptions of adolescent student-athletes and their parents regarding the adolescents' HRQOL 1 year after sport-related concussion. Design: Qualitative study. Setting: Secondary school. Patients or Other Participants: Seven adolescent student-athletes (age range, 12–16 years) who sustained a sport-related concussion at least 1 year (15.3 ± 2.8 months) before the study participated along with their primary care-giving parents (n = 7). Data Collection and Analysis: Fourteen semistructured face-to-face interviews (7 adolescents, 7 parents) were completed. Interviews were transcribed and inductively analyzed by a team of 3 athletic trainers with 32 combined years of professional experience. Themes were negotiated through a consensual review process. Participan...
Knowledge acquisition for computer-based medical expert systems

We suggest a methodology to enable a medical expert system to expand its knowledge. We also discuss some ways to give the system the power to refine its knowledge. We suggest some new problems that we expect to face as a result of this step. >
Nonlinear system identification using recurrent networks

The authors present empirical results on the application of neural networks to system identification and inverse system identification. Recurrent and feedforward network models were used to build an emulator of a simple nonlinear gantry crane system, and for the inverse dynamics of the system. The relevant data were artificially generated from the differential equations describing the system. The experimental results show that recurrent networks performed marginally better than feedforward networks in terms of the mean square errors, for the system identification problem, as well as for the inverse system identification problem. >
Effect of grain size and pressure on twinning and microbanding in oblique shock loading of copper rods

Abstract High-purity copper rods in a range of grain sizes—29 μm, 141 μm and 375 μm—were shock loaded in an cylique, cylindrical shock fixture which simultaneously and linearly strained the rods from zero to 5% at peak pressures calculated to range from 11 to 30 GPa at the top and bottom of the rods, respectively. These pressures correspond to the minimum and maximum shock deformation. Light metallography and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the density of deformation twins was measurably and observably increased with both increasing grain size and deformation (pressure). In addition, microbands coincident with traces of {111} planes were observed to be intermixed with the deformation twins. The microbands were almost exclusively associated with a single (or primary) {111} glide plane. The tendency for microband formation, isolated or intermixed with twins, was qualitatively observed to increase with increasing grain size. There appears to be a direct, shear-related connection between microbands and deformation twin/twin-faults in oblique shock loaded copper. The obliquity of the shock wave seems to suppress the critical twinning pressure of copper, since twinning was observed at pressures of only 11 GPa at the top of the rods in contrast to an established critical twinning pressure of approximately 20 GPa for plane-wave shock loading of copper.
Precipitate formation in austenitic stainless steel welds

Recent research efforts have revealed many of the factors which control the hotcracking susceptibility of austenitic stainless steel weld metals. It is generally agreed that the segregation of impurity elements to solidification grain boundaries is a primary cause of the hot-cracking tendency of these alloys in that elements such as phosphorus and sulfur form low melting point eutectics with the metal matrix. Furthermore, these elements can also degrade cracking resistance by lowering the surface tension of the interdendritic fluids to which they segregate. In the case of phosphide precipitation in austenitic stainless steel weld metal, there is apparently some question in the literature as to the specific phosphide formed. This study was undertaken to determine the microstructural relationships, relative to phosphide formation, pertaining to hot-cracking of austenitic stainless steel weld metals. The results confirm that phosphides of the type (Fe, Cr)/sub 3/P form in austenitic stainless steel welds. These phosphides appear at both eutecticferrite/austenite interfaces and along solidification hot-cracks, where they most likely form via an eutectic reaction. These results are inconsistent with those of Brooks et al. in that no evidence of either the MP or MP/sub 3/ phosphide was found. No reference could be found, either in themore » published literature or in standard compilations of crystallographic information, to verify the existence of a CrP/sub 3/ phase, suggesting that the theory of chromium depletion (CrP/sub 3/ vs. CrS) needs further substantiation before it is accepted.« less
Lifting sequential graph algorithms for distributed-memory parallel computation

This paper describes the process used to extend the Boost Graph Library (BGL) for parallel operation with distributed memory. The BGL consists of a rich set of generic graph algorithms and supporting data structures, but it was not originally designed with parallelism in mind. In this paper, we revisit the abstractions comprising the BGL in the context of distributed-memory parallelism, lifting away the implicit requirements of sequential execution and a single shared address space. We illustrate our approach by describing the process as applied to one of the core algorithms in the BGL, breadth-first search. The result is a generic algorithm that is unchanged from the sequential algorithm, requiring only the introduction of external (distributed) data structures for parallel execution. More importantly, the generic implementation retains its interface and semantics, such that other distributed algorithms can be built upon it, just as algorithms are layered in the sequential case. By characterizing these extensions as well as the extension process, we develop general principles and patterns for using (and reusing) generic, object-oriented parallel software libraries. We demonstrate that the resulting algorithm implementations are both efficient and scalable with performance results for several algorithms.
Regulation of Circadian Behavioral Output via a MicroRNA-JAK/STAT Circuit

Although molecular components of the circadian clock are known, mechanisms that transmit signals from the clock and produce rhythmic behavior are poorly understood. We find that the microRNA miR-279 regulates the JAK/STAT pathway to drive rest:activity rhythms in Drosophila. Overexpression of microRNA miR-279 or miR-279 deletion attenuates rest:activity rhythms. Oscillations of the clock protein PERIOD are normal in pacemaker neurons lacking miR-279, suggesting that miR-279 acts downstream of the clock. We identify the JAK/STAT ligand, Upd, as a target of miR-279 and show that knockdown of Upd rescues the behavioral phenotype of miR-279 mutants. Manipulations of the JAK/STAT pathway also disrupt circadian rhythms. In addition, central clock neurons project in the vicinity of Upd-expressing neurons, providing a possible physical connection by which the central clock could regulate JAK/STAT signaling to control rest:activity rhythms.
Role of elastic interaction in the disordered-pyrite to ordered-pyrite phase transition in sodium superoxide

We analyze the effect of indirect orientation-dependent elastic coupling between molecules, recently studied by Michel and Naudts in NaCN and KCN, on the disordered-pyrite to ordered-pyrite phase transition in sodium superoxide (Na${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$). We find that the inclusion of this indirect interaction does not affect our earlier results on the order-disorder transition obtained by including only the direct interaction between the ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ molecules. We also discuss the interplay between direct and indirect interaction in the structural phase transitions seen in other alkali superoxides.
Conditioning and geometric harmonizing: ?Des autres machines de Butor?

Proceeding from the information provided to us from Butor's philosophical discussions and “La Modification” itself, one observes, first the extraordinary number of references to the “losange”, then the verbs of movement and change which accompany each of these references, and finally Butor's penchant for phenomenology. Given this information, we have constructed an argument which suggests that the text is harmonized with the explicit geometric referent-the “losange”, i.e., the “losange” signals and therefore recalls to the reader Leon's process of introspection and the modifications which that process engenders. Further, the losange is more than just a conditioning key-word; it is the phenomenologic referent of the story: the initial project is represented by the “losange” in Fig. 4, the stages of change are signaled by the references to the “losanges” which are associated in each instance with verbs of change, and, finally, the “denouement” as represented by the “losange” in Fig. 5.