cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Erhardorina n. g., Ascogregarina polynesiensis n. sp., Eimeria golemanskii n. sp., Isospora tamariscini n. sp., Gregarina kazumii n. nom., New Combinations and Emendations in the Names of Apicomplexan Protozoa1

On the basis of a review of the approximately 4300 species of apicomplexan protozoa, the following new species, new names, new combinations, and emendations are given: NEW GENUS, Erhardovina; NEW SPECIES, Ascogregarina polynesiensis, Eimeria golemanskii, Isospora tamariscini; NEW NAME, Gregarina kazumii; NEW COMBINATIONS, Ascogregarina brachyceri (Purrini, 1980), Erhardovina euzeti (Lipa, 1981), E. scutovertexi (Erhardova, 1955), Haemorhormidium batrachi (Chaudhuri & Choudhury, 1983); EMENDATIONS, Selenidium francianum (Arvy, 1952) Tuzet & Ormieres, 1965, Pyxinioides bolitoides D. P. Henry, 1938, P. japonicus H. Hoshide, 1951, P. kamenote H. Hoshide, 1951, P. kurofuji H. Hoshide, 1951, P. oshoroensis H. Hoshide, 1951, P. pugetensis D. P. Henry, 1938, Gregarina levinei Haldar & Sarkar, 1980, Retractocephalus halticae Haldar, Chakraborty & Kundu, 1982, Cnemidospora schizophylli Tuzet & Guerin, 1947, Grebneckiella indica (Merton, 1911) Watson, 1916, Quadruspinospora atractomorphae Haldar & Chakraborty, 1978, Haemogregarina acipenseri Nawrotzky, 1914, H. lobianci Yakimov & Kohl-Yakimov, 1912, H. yakimovikohlae Wladimiroff, 1910, Hepatozoon luehi (Sambon, 1909) Pessoa, Cavalheiro & de Souza, 1970, Eimeria beyerae Ovezmukhammedov, 1977, E. (?) gigantea (Labbe, 1896) Reichenow, 1921, E. (?) labbei Hardcastle, 1943, E. rufi Prasad, 1960, E. (?) scylii (Drago, 1902) Levine & Becker, 1933, Isospora corvi Ray, Shivnani, Oommen & Bhaskaran, 1952, I. melopsittaci Bhatia, Chauhan, Arora & Agrawal, 1973, I. seicerci Ray, Shivnani, Oommen & Bhaskaran, 1952, I. stomatici Chakravarty & Kar, 1944, I. triffitae Nukerbaeva & Svanbaev, 1973, Wenyonella mackinnonae Misra, 1947, Octosporella sanguinolentae Ovezmukhammedov, 1975, Lankesterella millani Alvarez Calvo, 1975, Sarcocystis woodhousei Dogel', 1916, Haemoproteus lari Yakunin, 1972, Babesia ninakohlyakimovae (Yakimoff & Shokhor, 1916), Theileria ninakohlyakimovae (Yakimov, 1916) Krylov, 1974, Haemohormidium batrachi (Chaudhuri & Choudhury, 1983).
Resistance in Hypnotherapy of Primitive States: Its Meaning and Management

Abstract This paper examines various aspects of resistance that become manifest in hypnotherapy with borderline, narcissistic, and psychotic patients. Specific clinical presentations are described and contrasted with forms of resistance encountered in work with neurotic patients. An ego psychology theoretical perspective is presented to conceptualize these more primitive resistance phenomena in terms of transference issues and dynamics relating to separatiod attachment conflicts, and specific suggestions for management are outlined. 2 case examples are presented to demonstrate both conceptual and technical aspects of this approach.
Sensitivity of seismic response to uncertainties in restoring force model: a Monte Carlo simulation case study

Abstract A rigid slab supported by two lateral load resisting elements with random yield strength is used to evaluate the sensitivity of structural response to the uncertainty in the restoring force of these elements. The input ground acceleration consists of scaled versions of the strong-motion protion of the 1940 El Centro record. The structure is symmetric in the elastic range and behaves as a single-degree-of-freedom system. However, it can experience translational and torsional vibrations following the first yielding because of the difference between the values of the element yield strengths, caused by uncertainty. The dissipated energy and the maximum displacement, ductility, and rotation are used to quantify the response sensitivity to the uncertainty in the restoring force model. The dissipated energy is the least sensitive response measure. On the other hand, the maximum rotation of the structure can be strongly affected by this uncertainty. Therefore, special design measures are needed to limit the uncertainties in this response measure.
A Comparison between Value-Added School Estimates and Currently Used Metrics of School Accountability in California.

This study compared a value-added approach to school accountability to the currently used metrics of accountability in California of Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) and Academic Performance Index (API). Five-year student panel data (N = 53,733) from 29 elementary schools in a large California school district were used to address the research questions. Results show the strong relationship between AYP and API to student background measures. Schools with a majority of students from low socioeconomic background lagged far below schools from more affluent context. Results from the value-added approach however, showed a strongly diminished relationship to student background. Under this model, several schools from a low socioeconomic context can be seen as high achieving. Additionally, little evidence was found that high levels of student achievement negatively affect school value-added scores. Schools that enroll large proportions of advanced students, which often do not show positive growth across years are not penalized under a value-added approach. Recommendations for policy and future research are discussed.
Personal Cancer Knowledge and Information Seeking Through PRISM: The Planned Risk Information Seeking Model

This study retested PRISM, a model of risk information seeking, and found that it is applicable to the context of cancer risk communication. The study, which used an online sample of 928 U.S. adults, also tested the effect of additional variables on that model and found that the original model better fit the data. Among the strongest predictors of cancer information seeking were seeking-related subjective norms, attitude toward seeking, perceived knowledge insufficiency, and affective risk response. Furthermore, risk perception was a strong predictor of an affective risk response. The authors suggest that, given the robustness across studies, the path between seeking-related subjective norms and seeking intention is ready to be implemented in communication practice.
The Short and the Dead: Nutrition, Mortality, and the "Antebellum Puzzle" in the United States

Between 1830 and 1860 the United States experienced rapid economic growth but declining stature and rising mortality. Debate has centered on whether the American diet deteriorated in the mid-nineteenth century. Employing census and muster records, this article tests the hypotheses that adult height was positively correlated with local production of nutrients in early childhood and negatively correlated with local mortality conditions, urbanization, proximity to transport, and population mobility. Results indicate that antebellum economic growth was accompanied by an increasing nationalization and internationalization of the disease environment, which affected the health and longevity of the population. The "Antebellum Puzzle" refers to the apparently contradictory finding that while the era immediately preceding the American Civil War (1861-1865) was one of robust growth in the U.S. economy, adult stature decreased. Shorter stature is generally associated with an inadequate diet during crucial periods of human growth, specifically infancy and early adolescence, though it can also result from disease.1 Previous scholarly work suggests that the decrease in stature in the antebellum United States resulted from deteriorating environmental conditions, but there has been little empirical evidence linking the separate effects of diet and disease.2 This article
Dislocation energies in anisotropic trigonal crystals

The energy of a dislocation in and normal to the basal plane of a trigonal crystal was analysed, based on the theory of anisotropic elasticity. Analytical solutions have been obtained for a 〈0001〉 dislocation (i.e., dislocation line parallel to the 〈001〉 direction) and for the screw component of a 〈 11―20 〉 dislocation. The energy contours for glide dislocations on the basal plane with Burgers vector in the 〈 11―20 〉 direction were illustrated, and the data approximated by finite trigonometric series. Of the twelve crystals studied, α-quartz and mercury show a distinct anisotropic effect. The energy function for quartz is nearly orientation-independent, whereas the inverse Wulff plot for mercury indicates that a region of instability exists. Es wurde eine Analyse der Energie von Versetzungen in und senkrecht zur Basisebene trigonaler Kristalle durchgefuhrt, die auf der Theorie der anisotropen Elastizitat beruht. Analytische Losungen wurden fur eine 〈0001〉-Versetzung (d. h. Versetzungslinie parallel zur 〈 0001 〉-Richtung) und fur die Schraubenkomponente einer 〈 11―20 〉-Versetzung erhalten. Die Energielinien fur Gleitversetzungen in der Basisebene mit Burgersvektor in 〈 11―20 〉-Richtung werden dargestellt und die Werte durch eine endliche trigonometrische Reihe approximiert. Von den zwolf untersuchten Kristallen zeigen α-Quarz und Quecksilber einen ausgepragten Anisotropie-Effekt. Die Energiefunktion von Quarz ist nahezu richtungs-unabhangig, wahrend das inverse Wulffsche Diagramm fur Quecksilber zeigt, das ein Instabilitatsbereich existiert.
A Reconfigurable Chip Multiprocessor Architecture to Accommodate Software Diversity

We present core fusion, a reconfigurable chip multiprocessor (CMP) architecture where groups of fundamentally independent cores can dynamically morph into a larger CPU, or they can be used as distinct processing elements, as needed at run time by applications. Core fusion gracefully accommodates software diversity and incremental parallelization in CMPs. It provides a single execution model across all configurations, requires no additional programming effort or specialized compiler support, maintains ISA compatibility, and leverages mature micro-architecture technology.
Observability of viscoelastic fluids

We apply the observability rank condition to study the observability of various viscoelastic fluids under imposed shear or extensional flows. In this paper the observability means the ability of determining the viscoelastic stress from the time history of the observations of the first normal stress difference. We consider four viscoelastic models: the upper convected Maxwell (UCM) model, the Phan–Thien–Tanner (PTT) model, the Johnson–Segalman (JS) model and the Giesekus model. Our study reveals that all of the four models have observability for all stress components almost everywhere under shear flow whereas under extensional flow most of the models have no observability for the shear stress component. More specifically, for UCM and JS models under imposed shear flow, the observations of the first normal stress difference allow the reconstruction of all components of viscoelastic stress. For UCM and JS models under extensional flow, the two normal stress components can be determined from the measurements of the first normal stress difference; the shear stress component does not affect the evolution of the normal stress components and consequently it cannot be extracted from the observations. Under shear flow, the PTT and Giesekus models have observability almost everywhere. That is, all components of the viscoelastic stress can be determined from the observations when the vector formed by the components of viscoelastic stress does not lie on a certain surface. Under extensional flow, the PTT model has observability almost everywhere for normal stress components whereas the Giesekus model has observability almost everywhere for all stress components. We also run simulations using the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to reconstruct the viscoelastic stress from observations without and with noises. The UKF yields accurate and robust estimates for the viscoelastic stress both in the absence and in the presence of observation noises. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Parental Recognition of Developmental Problems in Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) begin to manifest during the first 2 years; there is limited evidence regarding type and timing of symptom onset. We examined factors related to parental age of recognition (AOR) of early abnormalities and the association between AOR and diagnosis and levels of functioning at 2 and 4 years in 75 toddlers with ASD. Results suggest significant differences between autism and PDD-NOS in the AOR and type of first concerns. Early social and motor delays as well as maternal age was associated with AOR. Later AOR was associated with poorer social-communicative and nonverbal cognitive functioning at 2 and 4. The findings are discussed in a context of identifying distinct developmental trajectories within the autism spectrum.
Opioids for chronic noncancer pain: A position paper of the American Academy of Neurology

The Patient Safety Subcommittee requested a review of the science and policy issues regarding the rapidly emerging public health epidemic of prescription opioid-related morbidity and mortality in the United States. Over 100,000 persons have died, directly or indirectly, from prescribed opioids in the United States since policies changed in the late 1990s. In the highest-risk group (age 35–54 years), these deaths have exceeded mortality from both firearms and motor vehicle accidents. Whereas there is evidence for significant short-term pain relief, there is no substantial evidence for maintenance of pain relief or improved function over long periods of time without incurring serious risk of overdose, dependence, or addiction. The objectives of the article are to review the following: (1) the key initiating causes of the epidemic; (2) the evidence for safety and effectiveness of opioids for chronic pain; (3) federal and state policy responses; and (4) recommendations for neurologists in practice to increase use of best practices/universal precautions most likely to improve effective and safe use of opioids and to reduce the likelihood of severe adverse and overdose events. Neurology® 2014;83:1277–1284
An assessment of nicotine dependence among pregnant adolescents.

Abstract Studies have reported that between 28 and 62% of pregnant teenagers smoke (Cornelius, Taylor, Geva, & Day, 1995; Trollestrup, Frost, & Starzyk, 1992). Because smoking is prevalent among pregnant teenagers, the purpose of this research is to assess nicotine dependence in this high-risk group. This study analyzed baseline data from a sample of pregnant teen smokers who had volunteered to participate in a smoking cessation study ( N = 94). Nicotine dependence was measured by adapting the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ; Prokhorov, Pallonen, Fava, Ding, & Niaura, 1996), and by a 6-item withdrawal symptom scale. The overall FTQ score found among pregnant adolescents was 3.10 ( SD = 2.3) compared to the mean overall FTQ score among vocational-technical students of 4.27 ( SD = 2.2) (Prokhorov et al., 1996). Duration of smoking in years was significantly correlated with the overall FTQ score ( r = 0.43, p r = 0.67, p + cigarettes per day reported greater severity of withdrawal symptoms than those who smoked less per day. Prenatal education and smoking cessation programs for pregnant teenagers, and pregnant women in general, need to consider that nicotine dependence is an important issue. Early pregnancy may be an opportune time to intervene among pregnant smokers; incentives may be necessary to attract those women who are the heaviest smokers, and possibly the most dependent on nicotine.
Empirical downscaling of daily minimum air temperature at very fine resolutions in complex terrain

Abstract Available air temperature models do not adequately account for the influence of terrain on nocturnal air temperatures. An empirical model for night time air temperatures was developed using a network of one hundred and forty inexpensive temperature sensors deployed across the Bitterroot National Forest, Montana. A principle component analysis (PCA) on minimum temperatures showed that 98% of the spatiotemporal variability could be accounted for using the first two modes which described the coupling and decoupling of surface temperature from free air temperatures, respectively. The spatial character of these modes were strongly correlated with terrain variables and were then modeled to topographic variables derived from a 30 m digital elevation model. PCA scores were modeled using independent predictors from in situ observations and regional reanalysis that incorporate temperature, solar radiation and relative humidity. By applying modeled PC scores back to predicted loading surfaces, nighttime minimum temperatures were predicted at fine spatial resolution (30 m) for novel locations across a broad (∼45,000 km2), topographically complex landscape. Our results suggest that this modeling approach can be used with retrospective and projected predictors to model fine scale temperature variation across time in regions of complex terrain.
Fast Counting of Triangles in Large Real Networks without Counting: Algorithms and Laws

How can we quickly find the number of triangles in a large graph, without actually counting them? Triangles are important for real world social networks, lying at the heart of the clustering coefficient and of the transitivity ratio. However, straight-forward and even approximate counting algorithms can be slow, trying to execute or approximate the equivalent of a 3-way database join. In this paper, we provide two algorithms, the eigentriangle for counting the total number of triangles in a graph, and the eigentrianglelocal algorithm that gives the count of triangles that contain a desired node. Additional contributions include the following: (a) We show that both algorithms achieve excellent accuracy, with up to sime 1000x faster execution time, on several, real graphs and (b) we discover two new power laws (degree-triangle and triangleparticipation laws) with surprising properties.
Techniques to increase impulse wine purchases in a restaurant setting

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of menus and personal selling techniques by the wait-server staff on wine sales in a restaurant setting. The results of previous research, that found wine to be an impulse purchase, were supported by this research. The study found that placing wine on the food menu will have a significant impact on wine sales.
Profound negative regulatory effects by resveratrol on vascular smooth muscle cells: A role of p53-p21WAF1/CIP1 pathway

We investigated the role of resveratrol, a polyphenol rich in red wine, in cell cycle progression and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Resveratrol inhibited the growth of human aortic VSMCs at concentrations as low as 1 microM. This was due to the profound dose-dependent inhibition of DNA synthesis by resveratrol. DNA synthesis was more effectively inhibited when cells were pretreated with resveratrol. Resveratrol caused a dose-dependent increase in intracellular p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) levels. At lower concentrations (6.25-12.5 microM), resveratrol effectively blocked cell cycle progression of serum-stimulated VSMCs without inducing apoptosis, while the higher concentration of resveratrol (25 microM) selectively induced apoptosis in the same VSMCs. Intriguingly, however, the same high concentration of resveratrol could not induce apoptosis in quiescent VSMCs. These differential biological effects of resveratrol on quiescent and proliferating VSMCs suggest that resveratrol may be capable of selectively eliminating abnormally proliferating VSMCs of the arterial walls in vivo.
Creating a panoramic field image using multi-spectral stereovision system

Satellite-based remote sensing presents a broad view of field scenes while ground-based remote sensing offers detailed observation of the crop to support precision farming decision-making. If it is possible to combine the advantages of both satellite-based and ground-based sensing, the resulting imagery could present both the broad view of a field scene and detailed observation of crop growth, which offers a very informative means for delivering crop production information. This paper describes a fundamental investigation on creating multi-spectral 3D panoramic field imagery by seamlessly integrating ground-based multi-spectral images of the field. A vehicle-mounted stereovision sensor composed of two multi-spectral cameras collects six-spectral channel images to form the multi-spectral 3D field imagery. The collected stereo image stream is then synthesized progressively to create a single seamless field image. The resulting panoramic imagery forms a 3D virtual field scene capable of providing more informative interpretation of crop/field status than a 2D plane image. Field test results proved that the assembled multi-spectral imagery was capable of providing a seamless 3D panoramic view of a soybean field with a broad view for assessing crop growth status with sufficient detail of individual crop plants.
A Study of the Properties of the Enzyme in Rat Liver that Deiodinates 3,3′,5′-Triiodothyronine to 3,3′-Diiodothyronine

Studies were performed to assess the factors that influence the metabolism of [125I]rT3 in homogenates of rat liver. [125I]rT3 was metabolized with great rapidity; in 10% homogenates, rT3 was completely degraded within 30 min, giving rise to nearly equal proportions of two 125I-labeled metabolites, [125I]3,3′-diiodothyronine ([125I]3,3′-T2) and [125I]iodide. This process appeared to be enzyme mediated, since it was heat labile, temperature dependent, concentration dependent, and saturable with stable rT3. Aerobic preincubation markedly impaired the reaction, while anaerobic preincubation did not. These effects appeared to be due, respectively, to depletion and preservation of tissue glutathione (GSH) content during preincubation. Thus, the loss of activity seen after aerobic preincubation was prevented by the addition of either GSH itself or a NADPHgenerating system. GSH (5 HIM) stimulated [125I]rT3 degradation in dilute homogenates (1–5%) but not in concentrated homogenates (10–20%). Further evidence sug...
Alcohol Consumption and Food-at-Home Dietary Quality in the United States

We investigate the relationship between alcohol purchases and food purchase healthfulness. A number of scientific studies suggest that wine consumption has health benefits but many do not account for potential confounding factors, such as food consumption. Using a rich data set of consumer purchases for alcohol and food-at-home, we identify a significant link between preferences for wine and preferences for healthy foods, suggesting that a confounding factor may account for a substantial portion of the health benefits that have been attributed to wine. American wine drinkers, on average, purchase healthier foods than do beer or liquor drinkers, controlling for important socioeconomic effects and demographics; the effect is even more pronounced for low-income households. The reverse is observed for users of tobacco products, who tend to eat a less healthful diet than other consumers. In this way, wine and tobacco consumption appear to signal a consumer’s attitude about healthfulness.
Validation of New AJCC Exclusion Criteria for Subepithelial Prostatic Stromal Invasion from pT4a Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma

Purpose: In 2010 the AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) excluded urothelial carcinoma with subepithelial prostatic stromal invasion from the pT4a bladder cancer staging class, which is otherwise defined by direct prostatic invasion transmurally from the bladder. We determined if the new guidelines were reflective of differences in survival between subepithelial prostatic stromal invasion and transmural pT4a disease.Materials and Methods: A retrospective, multi-institutional cohort of cystectomy cases with subepithelial prostatic stromal invasion from the University of Chicago and Cleveland Clinic were compared to a cohort with transmural pT4a disease. All pathological specimens were rereviewed at the respective institutions. Patients were excluded from the final cohort if variant bladder cancer histology, pT3 bladder disease or extraprostatic extension of urothelial carcinoma were identified. The primary end points were cancer specific and overall survival.Results: Our study sample consisted of 48 ...
Dispersal of Stable Flies (Diptera: Muscidae) From Larval Development Sites in a Nebraska Landscape

Seven mark-recapture studies were conducted over 3 yr to assess dispersal of newly emerging adult stable flies, Stomoxys calcitrans L., from larval development sites in a mixed agricultural environment in northeastern Nebraska. Infested hay debris piles were marked by dusting their surfaces with fluorescent pigments, adults were captured with surrounding grids of Alsynite sticky traps, and specimens were dissected to determine feeding histories and reproductive age. Distances and directions of 3,889 marked specimens indicated males and females dispersed equally and in all directions. Midguts of males and females were equally likely to contain blood-meal remnants. Percentage with blood remnants and percentage of females with yolk increased with distance from mark origin, indicating survival and spread were positively associated with host finding success. A time-integrated diffusion model fit to results from the seven studies indicated 50% of stable fly adults had dispersed beyond 1.6 km of their natal site, but only 5% had dispersed beyond 5.1 km. These results indicate that stable fly adults on cattle in a given area are most likely to have originated from larval development sites within an ≈ 5 km radius of the subject cattle.
Low-resource routing attacks against tor

Tor has become one of the most popular overlay networks for anonymizing TCP traffic. Its popularity is due in part to its perceived strong anonymity properties and its relatively low latency service. Low latency is achieved through Tor's ability to balance the traffic load by optimizing Tor router selection to probabilistically favor routers with high bandwidth capabilities. We investigate how Tor's routing optimizations impact its ability to provide strong anonymity. Through experiments conducted on PlanetLab, we show the extent to which routing performance optimizations have left the system vulnerable to end-to-end traffic analysis attacks from non-global adversaries with minimal resources. Further, we demonstrate that entry guards, added to mitigate path disruption attacks, are themselves vulnerable to attack. Finally, we explore solutions to improve Tor's current routing algorithms and propose alternative routing strategies that prevent some of the routing attacks used in our experiments.
Shifting Dependence The Influence of Partner Instrumentality and Self-Esteem on Responses to Interpersonal Risk

High and low self-esteem people typically have divergent responses to interpersonal risk. Highs draw closer to their partner, whereas lows self-protectively distance. However, these responses should be more likely when people are dependent on the rewards their partner offers. Two experiments tested the hypothesis that structural changes in the situation of interdependence lead high and low self-esteem people to reverse their typical responses to risk. When partners were instrumental to a current goal pursuit (and participants were more dependent on the rewards partners could offer), highs drew closer and lows distanced when risk was primed. However, when partners were not instrumental to an active goal (and participants were less dependent on the rewards partners could offer), these responses were reversed. Reducing one’s dependence on a partner to attain one’s personal goals appears to reduce highs’ incentive to connect, whereas it appears to increase lows’ incentive to connect.
Encounters with Sorcery: An Ethnographer's Account

SUMMARY Drawing from data collected during fieldwork from Westerners participating in ayahuasca ceremonies in the Peruvian Amazon, I discuss the ways they make contact with spirits. I particularly focus on the issue of sorcery, illustrating differences in the ways it is perceived by Westerners and Peruvians. I argue that although it is possible that both populations have the same or very similar experiences with ayahuasca, their subjective interpretations and metanarratives are quite different because of the very different cultural paradigms to which they have been exposed. In the Amazonian cultural framework, local ayahuasca users tend to interpret any negative or dark experiences during ceremonies as attacks, by malevolent shamans, hired by other members of their community. The more individualistic Western cultural framework leads Westerners to interpret these experiences as part of their own psychic processes. I found, however, this pattern to be challenged, in that Western shamanic apprentices have integrated the concepts of sorcery and shamanic warfare into their worldview. I discovered that, in many ways, a shamanic apprenticeship for a Westerner involves a radical shift in interpretations of shamanic experience. Certain personal experiences during my fieldwork, which I discuss in this article, challenged my own faith in the dominant anthropological paradigm—that shamanic experiences are culturally defined—as well as my largely secular worldview.
Clinical Manifestations Of Hepatitis A: Recent Experience In A Community Teaching Hospital

A study of the clinical profile of 59 patients who presented with hepatitis A virus infection showed that dark urine, fatigue, gastrointestinal complaints, and fever were the most common presenting symptoms. The most frequent physical findings were hepatomegaly and jaundice. The mean presenting laboratory tests included total bilirubin of 5 mg/dL, alkaline phosphatase of 269 units/L, and serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels of 1442 mIU/mL and 1952 mIU/mL, respectively. Atypical manifestations included relapse, cholestasis, rash, and arthralgia. Two patients presented with hepatitis A and concomitant type I autoimmune chronic hepatitis, and both required immunosuppressive therapy. Five patients who presented with hepatitis A were pregnant, and during follow-up, none of their infants developed elevated serum transaminase values or had detectable IgM anti-HAV antibody. All 59 patients experienced complete clinical and biochemical recovery within 6 months after onset of illness.
nShield: a noninvasive NFC security system for mobiledevices

The Near Field Communication (NFC) technology is gaining increasing popularity among mobile users. However, as a relatively new and developing technology, NFC may also introduce security threats that make mobile devices vulnerable to various malicious attacks. This work presents the first system study on the feasibility of and defense again passive NFC eavesdropping. Our experiments show that commodity NFC-enabled mobile devices can be eavesdropped from up to 240 cm away, which is at least an order of magnitude of the intended NFC communication distance. This finding challenges the general perception that NFC is largely immune to eavesdropping because of its short working range. We then present the design of a hardware security system called nShield. With a small form factor, nShield can be attached to the back of mobile devices to attenuate the signal strength against passive eavesdropping. At the same time, the absorbed RF energy is scavenged by nShield for its perpetual operation. nShield intelligently determines the right attenuation level that is just enough to sustain reliable data communication. We implement a prototype of nShield, and evaluate its performance via extensive experiments. Our results show that nShield has low power consumption (23 uW), can harvest significant amount of power (55 mW), and adaptively attenuates the signal strength of NFC in a variety of realistic settings, while only introducing insignificant delay (up to 2.2 s).
Design and fabrication of optical system for time-multiplex autostereoscopic display

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel time-multiplexed autostereoscopic multi-view full resolution 3D display based on the lenticular lens array in association with the control of the active dynamic LED backlight. The lenticular lenses of the lens array optical system receive the light and deflect the light into each viewing zone in a time sequence.
The treatment of acute postrartum thrombophlebitis of the lower extremity by continuous caudal anesthesia

Abstract 1. The development and rationale of sympathetic nerve block by paravertebral and continuous caudal anesthesia in the treatment of thrombophlebitis of the extremity are reviewed. 2. Five cases of acute, postpartum thrombophlebitis of the lower extremity successfully treated by continuous caudal anesthesia are presented. 3. Continuous caudal anesthesia is a sound, simple, superior method of treatment in cases of acute thrombophlebitis of the lower extremity.
Algorithmic Signaling of Features in Auction Design

In many markets, products are highly complex with an extremely large set of features. In advertising auctions, for example, an impression, i.e., a viewer on a web page, has numerous features describing the viewer’s demographics, browsing history, temporal aspects, etc. In these markets, an auctioneer must select a few key features to signal to bidders. These features should be selected such that the bidder with the highest value for the product can construct a bid so as to win the auction. We present an efficient algorithmic solution for this problem in a setting where the product’s features are drawn independently from a known distribution, the bidders’ values for a product are additive over their known values for the features of the product, and the number of features is exponentially larger than the number of bidders and the number of signals. Our approach involves solving a novel optimization problem regarding the expectation of a sum of independent random vectors that may be of independent interest. We complement our positive result with a hardness result for the problem when features are arbitrarily correlated. This result is based on the conjectured hardness of learning k-juntas, a central open problem in learning theory.
Deserving of trust: ethics in the American Archival profession

This thesis explores ways in which the American archival profession, through the Society of American Archivists (SAA), can promote the trustworthiness of archives and archivists. The further professionalization, which involves the creation of a cohesive organization, standards, and a code of ethics, of the archival field is one proposed starting point. Currently, SAA is already on the path of professionalization. For some occupations, professionalization also includes the enforcement of standards and ethics, as well as the certification of members. I argue that for the American archival profession, however, these are not the paths to take. Enforcement and certification require infrastructure and social power that SAA simply does not possess. Enforcement is also problematic, as situations are never black and white, and decisions can never be guaranteed to be impartial and unbiased. This thesis also argues that SAA should create an online ethics resource and support center to assist members faced with quandaries about ethics, as part of a continuing process of reflection and debate about ethics within the profession. This reflection and debate will encourage “ethical being” and thinking in members. It is this “ethical being” that will make archivists and, by extension, archives deserving of trust.
Fabrication and characterization of Barium Titanate nanofibers

In this paper, a rotational disk based electrospinning method for making Barium Titanate (BTO) nanofibers was presented. A silicon wafer coated with a 50 nm MgO barrier layer was attached to a motor mounted disk. BTO nanofibers were collected on the spinning silicon wafer. By using this method, partially aligned BTO nanofibers were obtained. The diameter of the BTO nanofibers was roughly 150 nm. Moreover, a wafer-level nanofiber film with uniform thickness was formed from the nanofibers. After fabrication, the piezoelectric coefficient d 33 of the BTO nanofiber was measured using piezoresponsive force microscopy (PFM). The effective piezoelectric coefficient d 33 of BTO nanofibers was found to be between 40 and 80 pC/N which is comparable with its bulk counterpart.
All-glass fiber amplifier pumped by ultrahigh brightness pump

We investigate high brightness pumping of multi-kW fiber amplifier in a bi-directional pumping configuration. Each pump outputs 2 kW in a 200 μm, 0.2 NA multi-mode fiber. Specialty gain fibers, with 17 μm MFD and 5-dB/meter pump absorption, have been developed. The maximum fiber amplifier output power is 2550 W, limited by multi-mode instability, with 90% O-O efficiency and M 2 < 1.15. The fiber amplifier linewidth is <12 GHz. We also present kW fiber amplifier results using gain fiber with metalized fiber coating.
Benito Juárez Versus the Díaz Brothers: Politics in Oaxaca, 1867–1871

On August 25, 1867, Benito Juarez was feted at a now-famous banquet attended by General Porfirio Diaz, as well as most of the leaders of the Mexican government and military. The occasion, however, was hardly festive. Throughout the banquet, Diaz remained sullen in his seat instead of offering the customary first toast. As his silence became more embarrassing, Juarez finally broke the tension by graciously rising and offering a toast to “Liberty and Independence.”
Rationality and the Objectivity of Values

One of the central themes of Hilary Putnam's recent book, Reason, Truth and History, is the objectivity of values. The objectivity of values is a central component of the position Putnam calls "internal realism." Inter nal realism is an attempt to delimit a point of view which is, on the one hand, objective, and, on the other, non-absolutistic. Internal realism is located precariously between an absolutist position which Putnam calls "metaphysical realism" and a sceptical relativism. The trick is to maintain the viability of the middle way without having the position collapse into either extreme. In this paper, I want, first, to outline the steps Putnam employs to articulate and defend his view, and second, to evaluate the ex tent to which Putnam is successful in threading his way between metaphysical realism and scepticism. Putnam is not completely successful insofar as the end of the book signals a partial return to the metaphysical realist position from which Putnam had been at such pains earlier to distance himself. The scheme of the paper is as follows. In section 2, I lay out the internal realist position and distinguish it from metaphysical realism and sceptical relativism. In section 3, Putnam's central argument against metaphysical realism, which Putnam claims is also an argument against reductionism, is presented and discussed. In section 4, Putnam's case for the objectivity of epistemic values, based upon considerations of rationali ty, is examined. In section 5, it is shown how the objectivity of epistemic values, conjoined with the anti-reductionist argument of section 3, leads Putnam to argue for the objectivity of ethical and aesthetic values as well. Finally, the extent to which Putnam's position maintains its balance be tween realism and relativism is discussed.
Contrapposto: Style and Meaning in Renaissance Art

It was thought for a long time that the Torso Belvedere was discovered in the Campo dei Fiori during the years of the reign of Julius II. In 1899, however, Lanciani argued that it was not the Torso Belvedere that had been found then but rather most probably the sadly mutilated torso of a Discobolos, now almost completely disguised in its restoration as a gladiator in the Capitoline Museum.2 A drawing of the torso in the Library of Christ Church College, Oxford (Fig. 1), published by Lanciani, is dated by inscription to 1513, the year of Julius II's death; and the same inscription tells us that the torso was either drawn in or excavated near the house of Giovanni Ciampolini, which was in the Campo dei Fiori.3 Ciampolini's was one of the earliest collections of antiquities and his torso of the Discobolos must have been held in some regard: after his death in 1518 and that of his heir Michele in 1519, the collection was bought at a high price by Giulio Romano and Penni in 1520.4 Thus a torso of the Discobolo...
Educational Computing and Computer Science

The resurgence of interest in teaching computational thinking (CT) to K-12 students iis an opportunity to provide students with a critical foundational skill. This will only be possible, however, if CT is understood to be separable from the more specific field of Computer Science. DOI: 10.2458/azu_itet_v3i2_czerkawski
What is the rate of small bowel obstruction after colectomy

The rate of small bowel obstruction (SBO) after colectomy is unknown. Given the large number of colectomies performed in the United States, elucidating SBO rates, outcomes, and identifying predictors of readmission is important. Using the California Inpatient File, we identified all patients readmitted with a principle diagnosis of SBO at least once in the 3 years after colectomy (n = 4555). Patients admitted with a diagnosis of SBO in the 3 years before surgery were excluded. Overall, 10 per cent of patients were readmitted for SBO at least once after colectomy. Approximately 58 per cent were readmitted in the first year and 22 per cent of these patients required surgery. The most common operation performed was lysis of adhesions. Median length of stay was twice as long in the surgery group versus the no surgery group (12 vs 6 days). Overall mortality was higher in the nonsurgery group compared with the surgery group (33% vs 21%, P < 0.001) and highest in the elderly (44% vs 30%, P < 0.001). One in 10 patients without a history of SBO who undergoes a colectomy will be readmitted at least once in the subsequent 3 years for SBO, and there is a high mortality rate in this group, especially in the elderly.
Mathematical Statistics: THE LEXIS THEORY

Introduction . We have throughout Chapter II assumed a constant probability underlying, the frequency ratios obtained from observation. It is fairly obvious that frequency ratios are often found from material in which the underlying probability is not constant. Then the statistician should make use of all available knowledge of the material for appropriate classification into subsets for analysis and comparison. It thus becomes important to consider a set of observations which may be broken into subsets for examination and comparison as to whether the underlying probability seems to be constant from subset to subset. In the separation of a large number of relative frequencies into n subsets according to some appropriate principle of classification, it is useful to make the classification so that the theory of Lexis may be applied. In the theory of Lexis we consider three types of series or distributions characterized by the following properties: 1. The underlying probability p may remain a constant throughout the whole field of observation. Such a series is called a Bernoulli series, and has been considered in Chapter II. 2. Suppose next that the probability of an event varies from trial to trial within a set of s trials, but that the several probabilities for one set of s trials are identical to those of every other of n sets of s trials. Then the series is called a Poisson series .
Organization and Structure of Branched Amphipathic Oligopeptide Bilayers

A class of self-assembling branched amphiphilic peptide capsules (BAPCs) was recently developed that could serve as a new drug delivery vehicle. BAPCs can encapsulate solutes up to ∼12 kDa during assembly, are unusually stable, and are readily taken up by cells with low cytotoxicity. Coarse-grained simulations have supported that BAPCs are defined by bilayers that resemble those formed by diacyl phospholipids. Here, atomistic simulations were performed to characterize the structure and organization of bilayers formed by three branched amphiphilic peptides (BAPs): bis(Ac-FLIVIGSII)-K-K4-CO-NH2, bis(Ac-CHA-LIVIGSII)-K-K4-CO-NH2, and bis(Ac-FLIVI)-K-K4-CO-NH2. The results show BAPs form a network of intra- and intermolecular backbone hydrogen bonds within the same leaflet in addition to hydrophobic side-chain interactions. The terminal residues of two leaflets form an interdigitation region locking two leaflets together. The phenyl groups in bis(Ac-FLIVIGSII)-K-K4-CO-NH2 and bis(Ac-FLIVI)-K-K4-CO-NH2 are tig...
Drop-and-catch (DnC) calorimetry using aerodynamic levitation and laser heating

Design, calibration, and operation of a system for drop-and-catch (DnC) calorimetry on oxides from temperature above 1500°C are described. This system allows the measurement of heat contents and heats of fusion by drop calorimetry of small (100 mg or less) samples held by containerless levitation at high temperature and dropped in a calorimeter at room temperature. The spheroids, 2-3 mm in diameter, prepared by laser melting of powders, are aerodynamically levitated in a splittable nozzle levitator and laser heated to the desired temperature monitored by radiation thermometry. The sample is dropped by splitting the nozzle and caught by splittable water-cooled calorimetric plates at 25°C, which provide complete enclosure of the sample to avoid heat loss by radiation. The drop time is ~0.1 seconds, calorimeter equilibration time after the drop is ~15 minute. DnC experiments are automated with software-controlled laser power and programmable delay between splitting the nozzle and catching the sample. The fusion enthalpy of Al2O3 measured by DnC calorimeter, 120 ± 10 kJ/mol, agrees well with previously reported values. The system can be used for measurements of fusion enthalpies of refractory oxides amenable to laser heating as well as for splat quenching of oxide melts.