cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transitioning the worlds first 1Kx1K Infrared LED Scene Projector Systems from Research and Development (R&D) to Production Level

With recent improvements to the 1Kx1K Infrared LED Scene Projector (IRSP) system, Chip Design Systems (CDS) and the University of Delaware (UDel) are in the process of transitioning this technology from research and development (R&D) to production level. (Abstract))
Metabolomic database annotations via query of elemental compositions: Mass accuracy is insufficient even at less than 1 ppm

Metabolomic studies are targeted at identifying and quantifying all metabolites in a given biological context. Among the tools used for metabolomic research, mass spectrometry is one of the most powerful tools. However, metabolomics by mass spectrometry always reveals a high number of unknown compounds which complicate in depth mechanistic or biochemical understanding. In principle, mass spectrometry can be utilized within strategies of de novo structure elucidation of small molecules, starting with the computation of the elemental composition of an unknown metabolite using accurate masses with errors 95% of false candidates. This orthogonal filter can condense several thousand candidates down to only a small number of molecular formulas. Example calculations for 10, 5, 3, 1 and 0.1 ppm mass accuracy are given. Corresponding software scripts can be downloaded from http://fiehnlab.ucdavis.edu . A comparison of eight chemical databases revealed that PubChem and the Dictionary of Natural Products can be recommended for automatic queries using molecular formulae. More than 1.6 million molecular formulae in the range 0–500 Da were generated in an exhaustive manner under strict observation of mathematical and chemical rules. Assuming that ion species are fully resolved (either by chromatography or by high resolution mass spectrometry), we conclude that a mass spectrometer capable of 3 ppm mass accuracy and 2% error for isotopic abundance patterns outperforms mass spectrometers with less than 1 ppm mass accuracy or even hypothetical mass spectrometers with 0.1 ppm mass accuracy that do not include isotope information in the calculation of molecular formulae.
Mannose 6-phosphate potentiates insulin-like growth factor II-stimulated inositol trisphosphate production in proximal tubular basolateral membranes.

Abstract To ascertain whether mannose 6-phosphate affects insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II stimulation of phospholipase C activity in the basolateral membrane of the renal proximal tubular cell, we determined the effect of mannose 6-phosphate on IGF II-stimulated production of inositol trisphosphate (Ins-P3) in isolated basolateral membranes. Production of Ins-P3 measured in the presence of 10(-10), 10(-9), or 10(-8) M rat IGF II was potentiated approximately 2-fold by inclusion of 5 mM mannose 6-phosphate in incubations. Mannose 6-phosphate had no effect on Ins-P3 production in the absence of IGF II. Neither mannose 1-phosphate, mannose, glucose 6-phosphate, nor fructose 1-phosphate exerted similar potentiation. Enhancement of IGF II-stimulated Ins-P3 production required concentrations on the order of several millimolar mannose 6-phosphate. Total and specific binding of 10(-10) M 125I-IGF II to basolateral membranes was significantly increased by 5 mM mannose 6-phosphate. However, there was no significant effect on total or specific binding of 10(-9) or 10(-8) M 125I-IGF II. Our findings suggest that mannose 6-phosphate potentiates stimulation of phospholipase C by IGF II in the basolateral membrane of the renal proximal tubular cell and that potentiation is mediated via a mechanism in addition to enhanced binding of IGF II. Such potentiation could reflect a role for the mannose 6-phosphate moiety as a modulator of IGF II "signal" transmission in vivo.
Narrative Ability in High-Functioning Children with Autism or Asperger's Syndrome

This study examines the narrative abilities of 28 high-functioning children with autism or Asperger's Syndrome and 22 typically developing children across two different discourse contexts. As compared with the typically developing children, the high-functioning group performed relatively well in the storybook context but exhibited difficulty imbuing their narratives of personal experience with the more sophisticated characteristics typically employed by the comparison group. Furthermore, children with autism or Asperger's Syndrome demonstrated impairments inferring and building on the underlying causal relationships both within and across story episodes in both narrative contexts. Findings further revealed that the narrative abilities of children with autism or Asperger's Syndrome were associated with performance on measures of emotional understanding, but not theory of mind or verbal IQ. Findings are discussed in relation to the social and emotional underpinnings of narrative discourse.
Approximation algorithms for distributed and selfish agents

Many real-world systems involve distributed and selfish agents who optimize their own objective function. In these systems, we need to design efficient mechanisms so that system-wide objective is optimized despite agents acting in their own self interest. In this thesis, we develop approximation algorithms and decentralized mechanisms for various combinatorial optimization problems in such systems. First, we investigate the distributed caching and a general set of assignment problems. We develop an almost tight LP-based 1 - 1e - e-approximation algorithm and a local search h - e-approximation algorithm for these problems. We also design efficient decentralized mechanisms for these problems and study the convergence of the corresponding games. In the following chapters, we study the speed of convergence to high quality solutions on (random) best-response paths of players. First, we study the average social value on best response paths in basic-utility, market sharing, and cut games. Then, we introduce the sink equilibrium as a new equilibrium concept. We argue that, unlike Nash equilibria, the selfish behavior of players converges to sink equilibria and all strategic games have a sink equilibrium. To illustrate the use of this new concept, we study the social value of sink equilibria in weighted selfish routing (or weighted congestion) games and valid-utility (or submodular-utility) games. In these games, we bound the average social value on random best-response paths for sink equilibria. Finally, we study cross-monotonic cost sharings and group-strategyproof mechanisms. We study the limitations imposed by the cross-monotonicity property on cost-sharing schemes for several combinatorial optimization games including set cover and metric facility location. We develop a novel technique based on the probabilistic method for proving upper bounds on the budget-balance factor of cross-monotonic cost sharing schemes, deriving tight or nearly-tight bounds for these games. At the end, we extend some of these results to group-strategyproof mechanisms. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
The Interstellar Medium as Observed by COBE

The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) was developed by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to measure the diffuse infrared and microwave radiation from the early universe. It also measured emission from nearby sources such as the stars, dust, molecules, atoms, ions, and electrons in the Milky Way, and dust and comets in the Solar System. It was launched 18 November 1989 on a Delta rocket, carrying one microwave instrument and two cryogenically cooled infrared instruments. The Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) measured the fluctuations in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) originating in the Big Bang, with a total amplitude of 11 parts per million on a 10° scale. It also measured the synchrotron and free-free emission of the Galaxy. The Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) mapped the sky at wavelengths from 0.01 to 1 cm, and compared the CMBR to a precise blackbody. The spectrum of the CMBR differs from a blackbody by less than 0.03%. The FIRAS observed interstellar dust, showing that up to three different temperatures of dust are needed to explain the spectra. It also measured the emission of CO, [C I], [C II], and [N II], tracing several distinct phases of the gas. The Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) spanned the wavelength range from 1.2 to 240 μm and mapped the sky at a wide range of solar elongation angles to distinguish foreground sources from a possible extragalactic Cosmic Infrared Background Radiation (CIBR). It measured foreground emission from stars, interstellar and interplanetary dust, the polarization of starlight from the Galactic Center, and the reddening of the Galactic plane by the dust absorption.
Characteristics of coagulase-negative staphylococci that help differentiate these species and other members of the family Micrococcaceae

One hundred reference strains and 1,240 clinical isolates representing 26 species of the family Micrococcaceae were used to evaluate the potential of tests for synergistic hemolysis, adherence to glass, pyroglutamyl-beta-naphthylamide hydrolysis, and susceptibility to a set of five antimicrobial agents for differentiating these species and strains within the species. Sixty-eight percent of the clinical isolates exhibited synergistic hemolysis; 69% of the clinical staphylococci but none of the micrococci or stomatococci were adherence positive, and 92% of the strong positive adherence reactions were produced by strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Strains from 15 of the species were pyroglutamyl-beta-naphthylamide positive, but this test separated Staphylococcus xylosus from other novobiocin-resistant staphylococci and Staphylococcus intermedius from other coagulase-positive species. A polymyxin B disk helped differentiate S. epidermidis from most other coagulase-negative staphylococci, and a bacitracin disk (10 U) helped differentiate Staphylococcus haemolyticus from most other novobiocin-susceptible staphylococci. All strains that were susceptible to furazolidone and resistant to Taxo A disks (bacitracin, 0.04 U; BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) were staphylococci. We observed a 91% correlation between species identification obtained with the Staph-Ident system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.) and conventional methods; but the micrococci and stomatococci were incorrectly identified as staphylococci with Staph-Ident, and several isolates of S. epidermidis were misidentified as Staphylococcus hominis because they were alkaline phosphatase negative. Both these problems can be prevented by adding the simple tests we describe to those already recommended when the Staph-Ident system is used to identify isolates of gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci.
Concepts of Plasticity

Electrical activity in the afferents to the visual cortex leads to a series of biochemical reactions in cells in the cortex. These reactions affect the strength of the synapses between the presynaptic terminals and the postsynaptic cell. Active synapses are strengthened, and inactive ones are weakened. A combination of inputs may be required to drive the reactions in the postsynaptic cell, so that inputs that arrive together will strengthen each other, and inputs that do not will be weakened. The series of reactions includes feedback to the presynaptic terminals, and morphological changes in these terminals. Some of the steps in the series of reactions will be found in the cortex at all ages. Others will be found at a higher level, or with higher activity, at the peak of the critical period for plasticity. The latter are the steps that are critical for plasticity. Three criteria for a factor or substance that is critical for plasticity are: (1) Removing the factor, or providing antagonists to the substance should reduce or abolish plasticity; (2) The presence or activity of the factor or substance should follow the time course of the critical period for plasticity; and (3) Treatments that affect the critical period for plasticity should affect the factor or substance similarly. In addition, it is possible that reintroducing the critical factors or substances after the critical period is over may return the system to a plastic state. After all the steps directly involved in plasticity have been defined, this criterion will also need to be fulfilled.
Resting‐state functional connectivity and presynaptic monoamine signaling in Alcohol Dependence

Alcohol Dependence (AD) is a chronic relapsing disorder with high degrees of morbidity and mortality. While multiple neurotransmitter systems are involved in the complex symptomatology of AD, monoamine dysregulation and subsequent neuroadaptations have been long postulated to play an important role. Presynaptic monoamine transporters, such as the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1), are likely critical as they represent a key common entry point for monoamine regulation and may represent a shared pathway for susceptibility to AD. Excessive monoaminergic signaling as mediated by genetic variation in VMAT1 might affect functional brain connectivity in particular in alcoholics compared to controls. We conducted resting-state fMRI functional connectivity (FC) analysis using the independent component analysis (ICA) approach in 68 AD subjects and 72 controls. All subjects were genotyped for the Thr136Ile (rs1390938) variant in VMAT1. Functional connectivity analyses showed a significant increase of resting-state FC in 4 networks in alcoholics compared to controls (P < 0.05, corrected). The FC was significantly positively correlated with Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS). The hyperfunction allele 136Ile was associated with a significantly decreased FC in the Default Mode Network, Prefrontal Cortex Network, and Executive Control Network in alcohol dependent participants (P < 0.05, corrected), but not in controls. Our data suggest that increased FC might represent a neuroadaptive mechanism relevant to AD that is furthermore mediated by genetic variation in VMAT1. The hyperfunction allele Thr136Ile might have a protective effect that is, in particular, relevant in AD by mechanism of increased monoamine transport into presynaptic storage vesicles.
Regulation of Factors that Influence the In Vitro Stability of Tryptophan Synthetase from Yeast

The activity of tryptophan synthetase in crude extracts from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is stable if the cells are cultured in a complex medium, but extremely unstable if they are cultured in a minimal medium. The difference is not the result of different inherent properties of the enzyme formed in the two cultures. Rather, there are at least two kinds of macromolecular factors that influence the stability, one inactivating tryptophan synthetase and the other protecting against this inactivation. The abundance of these factors varies with the composition of the culture medium, which accounts for the differences observed.
Cytoplasmic 5′-nucleotidase autoantibodies in inclusion body myositis: Isotypes and diagnostic utility

Introduction: Recent studies have identified circulating immunoglobulin (Ig) G autoantibodies against cytoplasmic 5′-nucleotidase 1A (cN1A; NT5C1A) in patients with inclusion body myositis (IBM), whose detection provides for an IBM blood diagnostic test. Whether or not anti-cN1A autoantibody isotypes other than IgG are present in IBM has not previously been reported. Methods: Plasma and serum samples from 205 patients (50 with and155 without IBM) were studied for the presence of IgM and IgA, in addition to IgG, anti-cN1A autoantibodies using immunoblots and enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISAs). Results: IgM, IgA, and IgG anti-cN1A autoantibodies were detected by ELISA with similar sensitivities (49–53%) and specificities (94–96%), but with differing patterns of autoantibody isotype presence. Combination assays of all 3 autoantibody levels improved diagnostic sensitivity to 76%. Conclusions: In addition to previously recognized IgG anti-cN1A autoantibodies, IBM patients have circulating IgM and IgA anti-cN1A autoantibodies. Differing patterns of these isotypes may be present and useful for diagnosis. Muscle Nerve 50: 488–492, 2014
A PRACTICAL LOOK AT MONTE CARLO VARIANCE REDUCTION METHODS IN RADIATION SHIELDING

With the advent of inexpensive computing power over the past two decades, applications of Monte Carlo radiation transport techniques have proliferated dramatically. At Los Alamos, the Monte Carlo codes MCNP5 and MCNPX are used routinely on personal computer platforms for radiation shielding analysis and dosimetry calculations. These codes feature a rich palette of variance reduction (VR) techniques. The motivation of VR is to exchange user efficiency for computational efficiency. It has been said that a few hours of user time often reduces computational time by several orders of magnitude. Unfortunately, user time can stretch into the many hours as most VR techniques require significant user experience and intervention for proper optimization. It is the purpose of this paper to outline VR strategies, tested in practice, optimized for several common radiation shielding tasks, with the hope of reducing user setup time for similar problems. A strategy is defined in this context to mean a collection of MCNP radiation transport physics options and VR techniques that work synergistically to optimize a particular shielding task. Examples are offered in the areas of source definition, skyshine, streaming, and transmission.
Cost Comparison of Immediat Angioplasty Versus Thrombolysis Followed by Conservative Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Prospective Trial

Objective Immediate angioplasty and thrombolysis followed by conservative therapy are treatment strategies for acute myocardial infarction. The objective of this study was to compare the costs of these two strategies during a 12-month period. Methods Of 103 patients with acute myocardial infarction who sought medical assistance within 12 hours after onset of symptoms, 4 were excluded from analysis for various reasons, 51 received tissue plasminogen activator, and 48 underwent immediate angioplasty as the initial revascularization strategy. The main outcome determinants were direct monetary costs and indirect measures of costs, including duration of hospital stay and return to work. Results No significant difference in monetary costs between the two initial treatment strategies could be demonstrated. A trend was noted toward a briefer hospital stay and fewer late in-hospital procedures for patients treated initially with immediate angioplasty. Other measures of indirect costs were not statistically different. Conclusion The hypothesis that thrombolysis followed by conservative therapy would be more cost-effective than immediate angioplasty in the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction could not be substantiated. The two strategies seem to have similar cost-effectiveness.
System productivity facility

This paper discusses the purpose and desig of a program called the System Productivity Facility (SPF). Perspective is provided by means of a brief summary of the earlier Structured Programming Facility (also termed SPF) and the requirements that led to a transformation of the earlier program into a new cross-system dialog manager. The new control facilities are explained to illustrate how the dialog manager supports a wide variety of interactive applications. Ways in which application development is simplified in the areas of data handling and display processing are explored. The purpose of the new table and file tailoring services is explained, and the error recovery philosophy is described.
Effects of an endurance and strength training programme on lifting capability of males.

Abstract Back injuries resulting from manual materials handling are one of the major sources of compensation claims and time lost from work. One of the possible means of reducing human susceptibility to musculoskeletal injuries is by increasing the individual's lifting capability by prior training. This paper describes a 6 week training programme that successfully increased the maximal oxygen uptake, isometric strength and lifting capability of 10 male subjects. The programme trained subjects for flexibility, muscle strength (by applying the concept of progressive resistance exercise), muscle endurance (by lifting light loads at high frequency of lift) and cardiovascular endurance (by exercising on a bicycle ergometer). The training programme resulted in significant increase in the maximal oxygen uptake and isometric back, arm, leg and shoulder strengths of the subjects. The maximum acceptable weight lifted, using a compact box for different heights of lift, also increased significantly.
Space studies board issues study on NASA's Research and Data Analysis Programs

Critical science questions must form the basis of research and data analysis (R&DA) programs at NASA, a recently published report by the Space Studies Board of the National Research Council (NRC) emphasizes. The report also warns that NASA is expecting more from its programs without assurances of adequate funding. Called “Supporting Research and Data Analysis in NASA's Science Programs: Engines for Innovation and Synthesis,” the report makes a number of recommendations, including the suggestion that NASA's science offices improve the link between R&DA programs and strategic plans. For example, it says the agency should link NASA Research Announcements (NRAs) to science questions in the plans and evaluate the balance between the programs' common subelements. These subelements include theoretical investigations, new instrument development, groundbased research, and data management.
Precise measurement of microgram levels of 48Ca in biologic samples by neutron-activation analysis☆

Abstract An activation-analysis procedure is described which affords measurements of 48 Ca in blood and urine specimens at microgram levels with errors of 2–3 per cent. The various technical factors influencing error are discussed and the steps taken to minimize these errors are described. A number of these considerations are generally applicable to other activation methods for analysis of samples of biologic origin.
Monitoring earthquake-induced loading with camera networks: case study in Sherman Oaks, California

The advent of high speed, CCD-based camera technologies opens new possibilities for field monitoring applications. In particular, under natural or man-made loading conditions, applying these new technologies towards the monitoring of building interiors may substantially help rescue and reconnaissance crews during post-event evaluations. To test such a methodology, we have developed a specialized network of high-speed cameras and supporting hardware for monitoring and tracking nonstructural elements subjected to vibration loading, within building structures. Teamed with the University of California, Los Angeles, a full-scale vibration experiment is conducted on a vacant structure damaged during the 1994 Northridge Earthquake. The building of interest is a four-story office building located in Sherman Oaks, California. The investigation has two primary objectives: (1) to characterize the seismic response of an important class of equipment and building contents and (2) to study the applicability of tracking the response of these equipment and contents using arrays of image-based monitoring systems. In this paper, we describe the image acquisition (hardware and software) system and the experimental field set-up are described. In addition, the underlying communication, networking and synchronization of the camera sensor system are discussed.
Toxic neuropathies associated with pharmaceutic and industrial agents

Neuropathies associated with industrial, environmental, and pharmacologic toxicants are uncommon. Nevertheless, it is important to consider toxic etiologies in the differential diagnosis of neuropathies, because they are among the most treatable forms of peripheral nervous system dysfunction. The purpose of this article is to discuss the clinical investigation of a suspected toxic neuropathy, to review some of the more common or representative neurotoxicants, and to identify the methods for establishing causation.
Effect of Processing Parameter Changes on the Adhesion of Plasma-treated Carbon Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites:

Atmospheric plasma treatment for the surface preparation of adhesively bonded composite joints appears promising as a replacement to current surface preparation techniques. However, questions remain regarding the sensitivity and optimization of various plasma processing parameters on final composite bond properties. In this study, we continue to investigate how plasma surface treatment processing variables ultimately affect the surface chemistry and bonding behavior of a graphite-epoxy composite. The plasma power level, the working distance of the plasma head, the carrier gas (helium) flow rate, the duration of plasma exposure, and the active gas (oxygen) concentration within the plasma were varied and correlated to surface chemistry variations using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The carboxyl concentration on the surface was then measured as a function of these changes and correlated to lap shear strengths. In addition, samples were monitored using XPS to evaluate the decay behavior of the surfa...
Regulation of Emission of Greenhouse Gases and Hazardous Air Pollutants from Motor Vehicles

Emissions from motor vehicles of toxic and hazardous air pollutants, carbon dioxide, and other greenhouse gases1-emissions that currently are not regulated under the federal Clean Air Act2-are receiving increasing attention at both the federal and state government levels as government officials and members of the public express increasing concern that these substances may pose as much of a threat to public health and welfare as other pollutants from motor vehicles which currently are regulated under the Clean Air Act. Many scientists are reporting a "25-year trend of rising global temperatures" and "other dramatic signs of global warming, such as the record shrinkage of the Arctic sea ice cover and unprecedented high ocean temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico."3 Many people attribute global warming to emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases resulting from human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels by power plants and motor vehicles.4 Scientists recently have found that the year 2005 was the hottest year on record for the Northern Hemisphere, with temperatures approximately 1.3 degrees Fahrenheit above historical average temperatures.5
A dilute hard-sphere bose-gas model calculation of low-density atomic hydrogen gas properties

The isolated pair wave equation is solved for two isolated hydrogen atoms interacting via the 3Σ u + potential, from which a scattering length a = 0.72 » is determined and used as an effective hard-core diameter in a dilute hard-sphere Bose-gas model calculation. In the low-density limit, these results for the ground state energy compare closely with earlier Monte Carlo data. Using established criteria for the values of density and temperature over which the hard-sphere model is valid, we have calculated the energy, first- and secondsound velocities, depletion factor, and superfluid transition temperature, and expressions are given for the specific heat and normal fluid fraction. The scattering length of atomic hydrogen interacting via the singlet potential is found to be 0.12 » and similar calculations for helium give a scattering length much too large to justify application of the hard-sphere model.
Antifungal Dosing in Dialysis and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy

Appropriate dosing of antifungal drugs is crucial to achieving favorable outcomes in patients with invasive fungal infections. The use of various types of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients with severe acute or chronic renal insufficiency adds another level of complexity to the already challenging use of these drugs. The medical literature provides only a limited number of studies specifically addressing the use of antifungal agents in patients receiving RRT, and there are a number of inherent difficulties in interpreting and applying these studies of drug dosing during RRT to individual patients. This article briefly reviews recent studies examining the dosing of antifungal agents during RRT, and also briefly reviews device-related and drug-related factors that determine the removal of drugs during RRT. Finally, this article summarizes current recommendations for dosing of antifungal agents in patients receiving RRT and highlights areas for future study.
Photoinduced electron transfer in the cytochrome c/cytochrome c oxidase complex using thiouredopyrenetrisulfonate-labeled cytochrome c. Optical multichannel detection.

Intramolecular electron transfer in the electrostatic cytochrome c oxidase/cytochrome c complex was investigated using a novel photoactivatable dye. Laser photolysis of thiouredopyrenetrisulfonate (TUPS), covalently linked to cysteine 102 on yeast iso-1-cytochrome c, generates a triplet state of the dye, which donates an electron to cytochrome c, followed by electron transfer to cytochrome c oxidase. Time-resolved optical absorption difference spectra were collected at delay times from 100 ns to 200 ms between 325 and 650 nm. On the basis of singular value decomposition (SVD) and multiexponential fitting, three apparent lifetimes were resolved. A sequential kinetic mechanism is proposed from which the microscopic rate constants and spectra of the intermediates were determined. The triplet state of TUPS donates an electron to cytochrome c with a forward rate constant of ∼2.0 × 104 s-1. A significant fraction of the triplet returns back to the ground state on a similar time scale. The reduction of cytochrom...
Spontaneous regression of fetal ascites in utero in an adolescent

Fetal ascites has been documented by ultrasound to progressively disappear prior to birth. This report describes a case in a nineteen-year-old in which fetal ascites was documented in the midtrimester of pregnancy and in which subsequent regression was shown by ultrasound. Although nonimmune fetal hydrops commonly has a poor prognosis, it is possible to adopt an observant attitude while a carefully evaluating for an etiology of fetal ascites.
Plasma D-dimer and peritoneal CA-125 levels as predictors of disease status in ovarian carcinoma

Although serum CA-125 has improved our ability to monitor tumor response in ovarian carcinoma, approximately 50% of patients with normalization of CA-125 have persistent disease at second look laparotomy. Peritoneal CA-125 and plasma D-Dimer levels were studied to determine if their use could increase the sensitivity for persistent ovarian carcinoma in a population of patients with normal physical examinations, radiologic studies, and serum CA-125 values. Plasma D-Dimer levels were obtained prior to second look laparotomy. The results of peritoneal CA-125 and plasma D-Dimer studies were compared to second look laparotomy results. Differences were evaluated with a one-way analysis of variance. Twenty-seven patients were studied. Peritoneal CA-125 was evaluated in 23 patients and ranged from < 6.3-223 U/ml. There was no statistical difference in peritoneal CA-125 levels between patients whose second look laparotomies were negative, or microscopically or macroscopically positive. D-Dimer was elevated in three patients, all of whom had macroscopically positive second look findings. The sensitivity for positive second look findings was only 27%. Minimally elevated plasma D-Dimer levels were specific but not sensitive for persistent disease and peritoneal CA-125 was not predictive of disease status.
Primary left atrial myxosarcoma

A patient in whom rapidly progressive congestive heart failure developed due to the presence of a left atrial myxosarcoma is described. The histologic picture is consistent with the hypothesis that cardiac myxoid tumors are neoplasms derived from undifferentiated cells found in the endocardium. Unfortunately, most cardiac malignancies are detected too late for curative resection, and palliation remains the mainstay of therapy.
Long-term bleaching of optical glasses darkened by Co60 ionizing radiation

Typical camera designs include optical glass elements that may be affected by the ionizing radiation present in the natural space environment. Ordinary optical glasses darken at low (10(to the 3rd power) rad) dose levels when exposed to ionizing radiation. This darkening decreases the sensitivity of optical sensors. Optical glass flats of FK 51, LaK 0, PK 51A, and ZK Ny were exposed to a 10.6 krad dose of ionizing radiation. Spectrophotometer traces determined the transmittance of the samples as a function of wavelength in the range 350 to 850 nm before and at various time intervals after the irradiation. These measured values were then use to evaluate the rate of recovery or ``bleaching`` of the exposed samples. To prevent accelerated bleaching, the samples were kept at room temperature and away from light, except during measurement. Tables of the measured data and plots of the transmissivity vs. wavelength at various times after irradiation are presented.
The cosmetic treatment of urticaria pigmentosa with Nd:YAG laser at 532 nanometers

Summary Background Urticaria pigmentosa is a cutaneous disorder involving infiltration of the skin with mast cells. Histologically the papillary dermis has an increased number of mast cells with an increase in basal layer pigmentation. In addition to possible systemic symptoms, patients with urticaria pigmentosa can suffer emotionally from the cosmetic nature of this skin disease. Objective The purpose was to investigate the use of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm for the treatment of the cosmetic comorbidity of urticaria pigmentosa lesions. Methods A 19-year-old white male with urticaria pigmentosa had multiple lesions on the dorsum of the hands and forearms. A test site on the right inner arm was treated with a DioLite™ 532 nanometer laser. Because of satisfaction with the treatment of the test site lesions, multiple lesions on the dorsal hands and forearms were also treated with the DioLite™ 532 nanometer laser. Results There was a dramatic clinical reduction in the amount of lesions on the dorsum of the hands and forearms. The test site lesions on the right inner arm had not recurred. Conclusion The diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser at 532 nanometers should be considered part of a dermatologist's armamentarium for the treatment of a patient's cosmetic concerns with lesions of cutaneous mastocytosis.
Electron-atom elastic shadow scattering.

The interference between scattered and unscattered elastic waves in beam-beam scattering is investigated in the small-angle limit. It is shown that the scattered intensity averaged over the scattering volume leads to a diminution of the forward scattering proportional to the total scattering cross section or imaginary part of the elastic scattered amplitude with angular dependence determined by the shape of the projectile and target-beam-intensity distributions. This effect cannot explain earlier observations of forward scattering enhancement observed by Geiger and Mor\'on-Le\'on [Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 1336 (1979)].
Conceptualizing Personality as a Cognitive-Affective Processing System: A Framework for Models of Maladaptive Behavior Patterns and Change.

This article outlines a conceptualization of personality as a cognitive-affective processing system (CAPS) and explores its implications for understanding disorders and pursuing therapeutic change. The CAPS conception of personality was proposed in 1995 in order to resolve a long-standing paradox in personality and social psychology, namely, the apparent contradiction of, on the one hand, a core assumption about personality as stable and invariant across situations and, on the other hand, the empirical findings of behavioral variability. It was prompted by the demonstration that stable and characteristic patterns can be discerned in behavior variation, or “behavioral signatures,” and by a common theme from cognitive sciences that views the human mind as consisting of a stable and distinctive network of specific cognitions and affects. CAPS characterizes personality not simply by a set of thoughts and feelings highly assessible to an individual, but by the dynamic network of functional relations among the cognitions and affects, which guide and constrain their activation. After outlining the CAPS view of personality, this article will discuss how it relates to diverse existing models of anxiety and depression, approaches for measurement and case conceptualization as well as treatment methods, with the goal of clarifying the relationships among them by translating them into a common language provided by the CAPS framework.
Treatment of Suicidality in Schizophrenia

Between 4 and 13% of people with schizophrenia commit suicide and between 25 and 50% make a suicide attempt, a reflection of the devastating toll this syndrome takes on the quality of life, that is, the subjective and objective sense of well-being. Many risk factors for suicide in schizophrenia have been identified, the most important of which are previous suicide attempts, depression, hopelessness, substance abuse, and male gender. Insight into having a serious mental illness and less severe cognitive impairment are also associated with increased risk for suicide in schizophrenia, most likely when accompanied by feelings of hopelessness. Typical neuroleptic drugs have not been shown to reduce the risk of suicide. However, several types of evidence suggest that clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic drug, appreciably reduces the suicide attempt and completion rates in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, perhaps by as much as 75-85%. Other atypical antipsychotic drugs may have a similar effect, but direct evidence is lacking. Improvement in positive and negative symptoms, reduced extrapyramidal side effects (EPS), a direct antidepressant action, improved cognitive function, and improved compliance may contribute to reduced suicidality. The International Suicide Prevention Trial (InterSePT) is a large prospective, randomized study intended to compare the effectiveness of clozapine with that of olanzapine in reducing suicide and suicide-related events in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. Some information about suicidality in the patient sample is reported here.
Detailed study of the magnetic phase transitions in single crystalline HoNi2B2C and DyNi2B2C

Abstract We have studied the magnetic phase transitions in single phase, single crystalline HoNi 2 B 2 C and DyNi 2 B 2 C by measuring the temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, specific heat, and electrical resistivity. This study was undertaken in order to clarify the question of whether DyNi 2 B 2 C has a second, higher temperature magnetic phase transition near 16 K. HoNi 2 B 2 C has a cascade of magnetic phase transitions between 5 and 6 K. In addition to the superconducting phase transition near 9 K, three magnetic transitions (6.0, 5.5, and 5.2 K) can be easily detected in both of the thermodynamic measurements and are also seen in the electrical transport. The data taken on HoNi 2 B 2 C clearly demonstrates that multiple magnetic phase transitions can be readily detected (when they are actually present). In the case of DyNi 2 B 2 C only one magnetic phase transition (at T N ∼10 K ) was detected. The only other phase transition associated with the DyNi 2 B 2 C sample was the lower temperature superconducting phase transition at 6.3 K. Despite extensive data collection and analysis, no sign of any phase transition between 10 and 20 K in DyNi 2 B 2 C could be detected. This leads us to the conclusion that there is no 16 K magnetic phase transition associated with single phase, single crystal DyNi 2 B 2 C.
Oriented matroids and multiply ordered sets

Abstract The many different axiomatizations for matroids all have their uses. In this paper we show that Gutierrez Novoa's n-ordered sets are cryptomorphically the same as the oriented matroids, thereby establishing the existence of an axiomatization for oriented matroids in which the “oriented” bases of the matroid are the objects of paramount importance.
Pressure- and Volume-Induced Left Ventricular Hypertrophies Are Associated With Distinct Myocyte Phenotypes and Differential Induction of Peptide Growth Factor mRNAs

Background Chronic pressure and volume overload (PO and VO) result in morphologically and functionally distinct forms of myocardial hypertrophy. We tested the hypothesis that PO- and VO-induced lef...
An Evaluation Of Three Portable Sensitometers For Use In Processor Monitoring

An evaluation of the DuPont Cronex Sensitometer, the Picker Pro-Cal Sensitometer and the Wejex Sensitometer was undertaken in order to determine which. Processor Control. Sensitometer was going to be used at Duke University Medical Center. The evaluations performed on the three sensitometers led to the acceptance of the Picker Pro-Cal. No nation wide recommendations are made as the sample size (number of sensitometers) is much too small to support such a recommendation.
Epitaxial growth of gallium arsenide from elemental arsenic

Epitaxial gallium arsenide (GaAs) films of controlled electrical properties are essential for the fabrication of high performance devices. Metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) utilizing the reaction of trimethylgallium (TMGa) or triethylgallium (TEGa) and arsine (AsH3) is commonly used for the epitaxial growth of GaAs. The use of highly toxic AsH3 however is a serious hazard in research and manufacturing operations. In this work the MOVPE of device quality GaAs from elemental arsenic has been demonstrated for the first time thus minimizing a major safety concern. The reaction of TEGa and As on the substrate surface at 450-550C in a H2 flow was used. The parameter of the growth process and the electrical and photoluminescent properties of epitaxial GaAs are discussed. Further TMGa TEGa and arsenic show strong absorption in far ultraviolet. The epitaxial growth of GaAs films can be achieved at low substrate temperatures by irradiating the gaseous reactant with a UV laser. Epitaxial GaAs films have been grown at 425C or higher by using ArF laser enhanced reaction of TEG and As. The electrical and photoluminescent properties of these films have also beencharacterized. Epitaxial GaAs films grown by the laser enhanced process have been found to contain considerably higher carbon concentration than films grown by the thermal process. This is due presumably to the photodissociation of carbon-hydrogen bonds in TEGa.
Chemical mechanism of the high solubility pathway for the carbon dioxide free production of iron

We determine the fundamental iron oxide high solubility mechanism that drives a new electrolytic pathway to iron production, and eliminates a major CO2 emission source, for example it is produced using wind and solar energy, in a molten carbonate electrolyte, at a high rate and a low electrolysis energy.
Coverage analysis of femtocell networks with hybrid access policy

In two-tier macro-femto cellular networks, cross-tier interference is a long-standing problem and may greatly degrade the performance of networks. Since most femtocell base stations (FBSs) can be accessed only by a certain closed subscriber group (CSG), mobile users may suffer from heavy interference and poor signal reception. Hybrid access control is one of methods to improve the communication quality by allowing mobile users to access nearby FBSs when these FBSs have surplus resource. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid access policy that mobile users may access nearby FBSs when they are outside the coverage regions of macrocell base stations (MBSs) and suffer from low signal power. We then derive the coverage probability by assuming that the locations of the macrocell base stations and the femtocell base stations follow independent Poisson point processes. The proposed hybrid policy can be viewed as a generalization of both the open and the closed access policies, hence the analytical results can also be applied to either the open access policy or the closed access policy.
Insulation by administration: the neutralization of competing interests in a rent control program

Many attempted solutions to the rental housing shortage in urban areas have resulted either in deterioration of the housing stock or the abandonment of the proposed solutions with a consequent fundamental change in the nature of the community. The competing interests--landlords, tenants, banks, taxpayer groups, social reform groups--cannot afford to have any single interest dominate the program. The administrative processes of rent control programs become the focus of conflict between these irreconcilable forces. The rent control program in Brookline avoids much of the problem by a calculated policy to neutralize the competing interests. The history of the program which describes the development of this policy is divided into three parts: (1) 1970-73 when conflict between the groups all but destroyed the program and produced various adjustments in it; (2) 1972-75 when a definite policy of neutralization was followed by a new board chairperson and a new director-counsel; and (3) 1975-77 when the policy was...
The effects of native language on Indian English sounds and timing patterns.

This study explored whether the sound structure of Indian English (IE) varies with the divergent native languages of its speakers or whether it is similar regardless of speakers' native languages. Native Hindi (Indo-Aryan) and Telugu (Dravidian) speakers produced comparable phrases in IE and in their native languages. Naive and experienced IE listeners were then asked to judge whether different sentences had been spoken by speakers with the same or different native language backgrounds. The findings were an interaction between listener experience and speaker background such that only experienced listeners appropriately distinguished IE sentences produced by speakers with different native language backgrounds. Naive listeners were nonetheless very good at distinguishing between Hindi and Telugu phrases. Acoustic measurements on monophthongal vowels, select obstruent consonants, and suprasegmental temporal patterns all differentiated between Hindi and Telugu, but only 3 of the measures distinguished between IE produced by speakers of the different native languages. The overall results are largely consistent with the idea that IE has a target phonology that is distinct from the phonology of native Indian languages. The subtle L1 effects on IE may reflect either the incomplete acquisition of the target phonology or, more plausibly, the influence of sociolinguistic factors on the use and evolution of IE.
Finite dimensional approximation in infinite dimensional mathematical programming

We consider the problem of approximating an optimal solution to a separable, doubly infinite mathematical program (P) with lower staircase structure by solutions to the programs (P(N)) obtained by truncating after the firstN variables andN constraints of (P). Viewing the surplus vector variable associated with theNth constraint as a state, and assuming that all feasible states are eventually reachable from any feasible state, we show that the efficient set of all solutions optimal to all possible feasible surplus states for (P(N)) converges to the set of optimal solutions to (P). A tie-breaking algorithm which selects a nearest-point efficient solution for (P(N)) is shown (for convex programs) to converge to an optimal solution to (P). A stopping rule is provided for discovering a value ofN sufficiently large to guarantee any prespecified level of accuracy. The theory is illustrated by an application to production planning.