cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic readout of DNA microarrays with charged microspheres

DNA microarrays are used for gene-expression profiling, single-nucleotide polymorphism detection and disease diagnosis. A persistent challenge in this area is the lack of microarray screening technology suitable for integration into routine clinical care. Here, we describe a method for sensitive and label-free electrostatic readout of DNA or RNA hybridization on microarrays. The electrostatic properties of the microarray are measured from the position and motion of charged microspheres randomly dispersed over the surface. We demonstrate nondestructive electrostatic imaging with 10-mum lateral resolution over centimeter-length scales, which is four-orders of magnitude larger than that achievable with conventional scanning electrostatic force microscopy. Changes in surface charge density as a result of specific hybridization can be detected and quantified with 50-pM sensitivity, single base-pair mismatch selectivity and in the presence of complex background. Because the naked eye is sufficient to read out hybridization, this approach may facilitate broad application of multiplexed assays.
Surface Rainfall Cold Cloud Fractional Coverage Relationship in TOGA COARE: A Function of Vertical Wind Shear

Abstract Shipboard radar-derived rain rates and satellite-observed IR brightness temperatures have been used to examine the relationship between cold cloud fractional coverage for brightness temperatures <235 K and areally averaged surface rainfall during the Tropical Ocean–Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). A nearly linear relationship was observed with a ratio of mean rain rate to fraction cold cloud coverage of approximately 1 mm h−1. This is in contrast to the GOES precipitation index (GPI) methodology, which assumes a proportionality (GPI slope coefficient) of 3 mm h−1. It was also observed that when considering 5-day timescales, the relationship between the cold cloud fractional coverage and surface rainfall exhibited considerable variability. This variability was in phase with the interseasonal oscillations (ISOs). During the convectively active phase of the ISOs, the deep vertical wind shear (700–150 mb) was strong and the convective organization was domin...
An inelastic micro/macro theory for hybrid smart/metal composites

Motivated by the emerging concept of including metal phases within piezoelectric and other smart structures and materials, this paper presents a micro/macro theory for determining the coupled thermo-electro-magneto-elasto-plastic behavior of arbitrary composite laminates. The approach involves two models capable of analyzing geometries that include inelastic materials. The first is the electro-magnetic generalized method of cells (EMGMC) (Micromechanical Prediction of the Effective Behavior of Fully Coupled Electro-Magneto-Thermo-Elastic Multiphase Composites, 2000. [1]) micromechanics model. EMGMC has been reformulated to improve its computational efficiency and has been extended to admit arbitrary anisotropic local material behavior (in terms of the thermal response, mechanical response, electric response, magnetic response, as well as the coupling behavior) and inelasticity. The second model is classical lamination theory, which has also been extended for arbitrary anisotropic material behavior and electro-magnetic and inelastic effects. The end result is a coupled theory that employs EMGMC to provide the homogenized behavior of the composite plies that constitute the thermo-electro-magneto-elasto-plastic laminate. Sample results, which address the inelastic response of a hybrid smart/metal matrix composite laminate, are presented.
The tail of the cardiac sodium channel.

Addendum to: Human Heart Failure Is Associated With Abnormal C-Terminal Splicing Variants in the Cardiac Sodium Channel Lijuan L. Shang, Arnold E. Pfahnl, Shamarendra Sanyal, Zhe Jiao, Jon Allen, Kathrin Banach, John Fahrenbach, Daiana Weiss, W. Robert Taylor, A. Maziar Zafari, Samuel C. Dudley, Jr Circulation Research. 2007;101:1146.
Origin of Hysteresis Observed During Fatigue of Ceramic‐Matrix Composites

Possible mechanisms for the hysteresis in stress-strain response observed during fatigue of fiber-reinforced ceramics are examined analytically. In the model developed, the microstructure of a unidirectional composite is divided into adjacent cells, each containing a single fiber. The compliance of each cell is modeled by a series of springs, with frictional sliding of fibers represented by sliding blocks. Fatigue damage is modeled by allowing fibers to debond and fracture on a random cycle-by-cycle basis. The magnitude of the interfacial shear between the fibers and matrix is shown to play a significant role in determining the extent of hysteresis observed during fatigue loading of unidirectional composites. Practical considerations, such as the influence of fiber volume fraction on macroscopic fatigue behavior, are also dis
Experiential Learning Exercises in Services Marketing Courses

Business schools are often accused of focusing too much on quantitative and technical skills and spending too little time on interpersonal and communication skills. Experiential learning assignments provide an effective vehicle for addressing these concerns and are particularly well suited for services marketing courses. The objective of this article is to present a portfolio of experiential learning exercises that can be used in services marketing courses to facilitate the integration of course concepts, teamwork and team building, communication and listening skills, and critical thinking and problem solving.
Granulomatous reaction to purple tattoo pigment

An acute dermatitis overlying an immunologic granuloma was noted at the site of purple "dye" injection in a man with multiple multicolored tattoos. The skin reaction was observed 3 weeks after the injection, which proved to contain manganese, the usual metallic salt used for purple colored tattoos. Atomic absorption spectrometry showed a large amount of manganese in the biopsy specimen. Neither the dermatitis nor an immunologic granuloma could be reproduced with manganese salts or the alleged tattoo pigment. In addition, his peripheral blood lymphocytes were shown to be normal both in subset distribution and in their function, but these cells did not respond by blastogenesis to dilutions of the alleged pigment or to 2 manganese salts tested.
Mechanistic studies of ribosome-dependent toxins active during the stringent response (566.8)

Regulation of protein synthesis is one mechanism by which bacteria alter their metabolic rates during times of stress. This process is known as the ‘stringent response’ where the presence of deacyl...
Regulation of perfluorooctanoic acid--induced peroxisomal enzyme activities and hepatocellular growth by adrenal hormones.

A wide variety of compounds, including hypolipidemic drugs, plasticizers and other industrial chemicals, have been found to cause liver enlargement and hepatic peroxisome proliferation by mechanisms that are unclear. Although thyroid and sex hormones have been shown to modulate the hepatic response to these chemicals, the role of adrenal hormones in these phenomena is not clear, and a few studies have produced conflicting data. Therefore this study was undertaken to investigate the role of adrenal hormones in hepatomegaly and peroxisomal enzyme induction caused by peroxisomal proliferators and to further delineate the interrelationship between these parameters. Because adrenalectomy alters hepatic drug metabolism, we have used the nonmetabolizable proliferator perfluorooctanoic acid. Our data show that hepatomegaly caused by perfluorooctanoic acid depends on corticosterone, the major glucocorticoid in rodents. Liver growth caused by perfluorooctanoic acid appears to be predominantly hypertrophic in nature, and DNA synthesis in response to perfluorooctanoic acid predominates in periportal regions of the liver lobule. Data also show that although induction of peroxisomal β-oxidation by perfluorooctanoic acid is independent of adrenal hormones, induction of catalase is dependent on the presence of these hormones. This study supports the contention that induction of activities of various peroxisomal enzymes is controlled by different regulatory mechanisms.
Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Telomerase Gene Expression in Hypertensive Patients: A Pilot Trial of Stress Reduction and Health Education Programs in African Americans.

Background African Americans suffer from disproportionately high rates of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Psychosocial stress, lifestyle and telomere dysfunction contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. This study evaluated effects of stress reduction and lifestyle modification on blood pressure, telomerase gene expression and lifestyle factors in African Americans.
Generation and Inheritance of Targeted Mutations in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Using the CRISPR/Cas System

Genome editing using sequence-specific nucleases (SSNs) offers an alternative approach to conventional genetic engineering and an opportunity to extend the benefits of genetic engineering in agriculture. Currently available SSN platforms, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated systems (Cas)) have been used in a range of plant species for targeted mutagenesis via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) are just beginning to be explored in crops such as potato (Solanum tuberosum Group Tuberosum L.). In this study, CRISPR/Cas reagents expressing one of two single-guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting the potato ACETOLACTATE SYNTHASE1 (StALS1) gene were tested for inducing targeted mutations in callus and stable events of diploid and tetraploid potato using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with either a conventional T-DNA or a modified geminivirus T-DNA. The percentage of primary events with targeted mutations ranged from 3-60% per transformation and from 0-29% above an expected threshold based on the number of ALS alleles. Primary events with targeted mutation frequencies above the expected threshold were used for mutation cloning and inheritance studies using clonal propagation and crosses or selfing. Four of the nine primary events used for mutation cloning had more than one mutation type, and eight primary events contained targeted mutations that were maintained across clonal generations. Somatic mutations were most evident in the diploid background with three of the four primary events having more than two mutation types at a single ALS locus. Conversely, in the tetraploid background, four of the five candidates carried only one mutation type. Single targeted mutations were inherited through the germline of both diploid and tetraploid primary events with transmission percentages ranging from 87-100%. This demonstration of CRISPR/Cas in potato extends the range of plant species modified using CRISPR/Cas and provides a framework for future studies.
Preschool Children's Negative Emotionality and Peer Acceptance: The Moderating Role of Sleep

Preschool children's sleep was examined as a moderator of the association between negative emotionality and both peer acceptance and peer rejection. Participants were 115 children (47 percent girls, M age = 4.29 years, SD = .63). Preschool teachers reported on children's negative emotionality (anger/frustration, sadness, and fear). Sleep was measured objectively using actigraphy in the child's home for seven consecutive nights. Peer acceptance and rejection were assessed using children's choices in sociometric interviews. Controlling for potential confounds, moderation analyses revealed that negative emotionality predicted peer acceptance and rejection only among children with poorer sleep quality (lower sleep efficiency, more frequent wake episodes, longer sleep latency), but not better sleep quality. Findings suggest that sleep is important not only for predicting child functioning but also for moderating the adverse effects of negative emotionality on a salient indicator of interpersonal functioning for preschool age children.
Sikh Politics, Caste, and Narrative Identity in Postcolonial India

When asked about the relationship between caste and Sikhism, Bakhtawar Singh, a 51 year old Jat man, states, “The person who recognizes caste isn’t Sikh.” Within minutes of defining and delimiting a Sikh by his or her ability to see beyond caste, Bakhtawar Singh stereotypes Scheduled Castes as being “hungry”, “greedy”, and the source of all current corruption in India.
A Novel Luciferase Assay For Sensitively Monitoring Myocilin Variants in Cell Culture.

Purpose Primary open angle glaucoma-associated mutations in myocilin (MYOC) cause protein "nonsecretion," rendering secreted MYOC difficult to detect using conventional techniques. This study focused on developing and using an assay that can quickly and easily detect mutant MYOC secretion. Methods We fused Gaussia luciferase (eGLuc2) to MYOC variants and expressed the constructs in HEK-293T and NTM-5 cells. Secreted and intracellular levels of MYOC eGLuc2 variants were evaluated by Western blotting and compared to untagged and FLAG-tagged MYOC constructs. Secreted and soluble intracellular MYOC eGLuc2 were measured by a GLuc assay. The secretion of nine additional MYOC mutants was assayed in conditioned media from transfected cells to test the applicability of the assay for monitoring other MYOC variants. Results Myocilin eGLuc2 behaved similarly to untagged and FLAG-tagged MYOC with respect to secretion, soluble intracellular levels, and in response to drug treatment. The GLuc assay could sensitively detect Y437H MYOC secretion 30 minutes after media change. Gaussia luciferase fused variants followed anticipated trends; nonpathogenic variants (D208E, G244V) were secreted at wild-type (WT) levels, whereas predicted disease-causing variants (C245Y, G246R, E300K, Y437H, I477N) demonstrated substantial secretion defects. Secretion defects caused by the C245Y, G246R, and Y437H mutations were partially rescued by permissive growth temperature. Interestingly, however, this increase in secretion was independent of newly synthesized protein. Conclusions Fusion of eGLuc2 to MYOC does not significantly change the behavior of MYOC. This newly developed MYOC reporter system can be used to study engineered MYOC variants and potentially to identify modulators of MYOC secretion and function.
Group Psychotherapy for Depressed Adolescents: A Critical Review

The usefulness and efficacy of group psychotherapy with a variety of adolescent problems has been well documented. Far less has been reported with respect to group treatment approaches for youthful depressives, however. Currently available treatments lack specificity, making replication difficult. Additionally, they often focus on a narrow range of deficit areas rather than addressing the multifaceted range of dysfunction characteristic of depression in adolescents. This paper critically reviews the available literature on group treatments with depressed adolescents, explores some of the shortcomings inherent in these reports, and suggests alternatives for future group protocols. It is proposed that subsequent interventions be manualized and that they target affective, behavioral, and cognitive aspects of adolescent depression. Such an approach would be more amenable to scientific investigation, replication, and comparison with alternative approaches.
Neuronal networks in the genetically epilepsy-prone rat.

It is now possible to develop a dynamic neuronal network model for generalized convulsive seizures because of in vivo data recently obtained in a naturally occurring epilepsy model--the genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPR-9s). GEPR-9s exhibit audiogenic seizures (AGS) that consist of a sequence of discrete behavioral phases (i.e., wild running, clonus-tonus, and post-ictal depression). The neuronal firing changes in most nuclei implicated in the network during each phase of AGS in behaving GEPR-9s have been examined. The inferior colliculus is critical in AGS initiation, because extensive firing increases in inferior colliculus are observed preceding seizure initiation. The deep layers of superior colliculus (DLSC) are crucial to wild running, based on the emergence of tonic firing of DLSC neurons just preceding this phase. The pontine reticular nucleus (PRF) and periaqueductal gray (PAG) are critical to the clonic-tonic phase, because tonic firing patterns appear in these neurons just prior to this phase. During post-ictal depression all areas except the PRF are quiescent. These temporal relationships suggest that each nucleus plays a specific hierarchic role in each discrete convulsive behavior. Generalized tonic-clonic seizure behavior observed in human epilepsy, in GEPR-9s, and in other seizure models is likely to involve similar neuronal network components. The neurotransmitter mechanisms subserving the abnormal neuronal responses in the GEPR-9 neuronal network involve an increased availability of glutamate and a decrease in the effectiveness of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in many brain regions. Focal modification of the effects of GABA, glutamate, norepinephrine, or serotonin also modulates the nuclei of the network differentially. Together, these data reveal the anatomic, neurotransmitter, and neurophysiologic mechanisms of the neuronal network hierarchy in GEPR-9s, which is currently the most completely developed of any generalized convulsive model. Differential effects of anticonvulsants on the AGS phases and concomitant differential modifications of neuronal firing are observed on neurons in these network nuclei. With nearly complete identification of the network nuclei, the differential effects of these anticonvulsant drugs on different aspects of neuronal firing in different brain sites indicate that this experimental approach can likely identify the most sensitive therapeutic target for these agents. This concept is potentially vital to developing the most selective treatment of different convulsive behaviors occurring in human epilepsy. The neuronal network for AGS does not require brain structures rostral to the midbrain for seizure expression. However, the forebrain is recruited into an expanded seizure network through AGS repetition ("kindling"), resulting in prolonged AGS, post-tonic clonus, and epileptiform electrographic cortical abnormalities. AGS kindling produces network expansion into medial geniculate body (MGB) and amygdala and involves neuronal firing increases in MGB.
Heterogeneous anisotropic magnetic susceptibility of the myelin-water layers causes local magnetic field perturbations in axons†

One goal of MRI is to determine the myelin water fraction in neural tissue. One approach is to measure the reduction in T2* arising from microscopic perturbations in the magnetic field caused by heterogeneities in the magnetic susceptibility of myelin. In this paper, analytic expressions for the induced magnetic field distribution are derived within and around an axon, assuming that the myelin susceptibility is anisotropic. Previous models considered the susceptibility to be piecewise continuous, whereas this model considers a sinusoidally varying susceptibility. Many conclusions are common in both models. When the magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the axon, the magnetic field in the intraaxonal space is uniformly perturbed, the magnetic field in the myelin sheath oscillates between the lipid and water layers, and the magnetic field in the extracellular space just outside the myelin sheath is heterogeneous. These field heterogeneities cause the spins to dephase, shortening T2*. When the magnetic field is applied along the axon, the field is homogeneous within water-filled regions, including between lipid layers. Therefore the spins do not dephase and the magnetic susceptibility has no effect on T2*. Generally, the response of an axon is given as the superposition of these two contributions. The sinusoidal model uses a different set of approximations compared with the piecewise model, so their common predictions indicate that the models are not too sensitive to the details of the myelin-water distribution. Other predictions, such as the sensitivity to water diffusion between myelin and water layers, may highlight differences between the two approaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Embryonic markers of cone differentiation.

Purpose Photoreceptor cells are born in two distinct phases of vertebrate retinogenesis. In the mouse retina, cones are born primarily during embryogenesis, while rod formation occurs later in embryogenesis and early postnatal ages. Despite this dichotomy in photoreceptor birthdates, the visual pigments and phototransduction machinery are not reactive to visual stimulus in either type of photoreceptor cell until the second postnatal week. Several markers of early cone formation have been identified, including Otx2, Crx, Blimp1, NeuroD, Trβ2, Rorβ, and Rxrγ, and all are thought to be involved in cellular determination. However, little is known about the expression of proteins involved in cone visual transduction during early retinogenesis. Therefore, we sought to characterize visual transduction proteins that are expressed specifically in photoreceptors during mouse embryogenesis. Methods Eye tissue was collected from control and phosducin-null mice at embryonic and early postnatal ages. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qPCR) were used to measure the spatial and temporal expression patterns of phosducin (Pdc) and cone transducin γ (Gngt2) proteins and transcripts in the embryonic and early postnatal mouse retina. Results We identified the embryonic expression of phosducin (Pdc) and cone transducin γ (Gngt2) that coincides temporally and spatially with the earliest stages of cone histogenesis. Using immunohistochemistry, the phosducin protein was first detected in the retina at embryonic day (E)12.5, and cone transducin γ was observed at E13.5. The phosducin and cone transducin γ proteins were seen only in the outer neuroblastic layer, consistent with their expression in photoreceptors. At the embryonic ages, phosducin was coexpressed with Rxrγ, a known cone marker, and with Otx2, a marker of photoreceptors. Pdc and Gngt2 mRNAs were detected as early as E10.5 with qPCR, although at low levels. Conclusions Visual transduction proteins are expressed at the earliest stages in developing cones, well before the onset of opsin gene expression. Given the delay in opsin expression in rods and cones, we speculate on the embryonic function of these G-protein signaling components beyond their roles in the visual transduction cascade.
Eruptible magma

For those who remember the classic disaster-docudrama Supervolcano (BBC-Discovery Channel 2005), the adjective “eruptible” is likely to ring a bell. Set in the near future and generally quite scientifically literate, the movie envisions volcanologists trying desperately to evaluate the near-term threat posed by the giant Yellowstone magmatic system. At the heart of their mission, and of the drama, is their quest to determine the mass of “eruptible magma” under Yellowstone: that is, how much material that is capable of erupting is down there right now? Fortunately, the scientists have at their disposal VIRGIL, a seismic tomography system that is based upon but greatly upgraded from existing systems. VIRGIL can reliably detect eruptible magma but, unfortunately, it is just coming on-line, and when they discover that there is in fact an enormous reservoir beneath them that can erupt, the scientists lack context. Given a gigantic mass of eruptible magma, what if any sort of eruption—or eruptions—is likely to occur, how soon will it begin, how long will it last, how explosive will it be, and how should scientists and the government respond? Supervolcano doesn’t turn out well, despite the heroism of the scientists. In PNAS, the search for context is at the heart of research presented by Barboni et al. (1). Geophysical techniques, as represented by VIRGIL and its less-sophisticated present-day tomographic counterparts and by magnetotelluric and gravity surveys, provide a real-time glimpse of where magma is—or may be—stored within the crust (2). Results to date are intriguing but frustrating. Surveys suggest the presence of molten material beneath a growing number of volcanoes. In fact, gigantic volumes of the crust beneath Yellowstone and the Washington Cascade volcanoes, St. Helens, Rainier, and Adams, appear to contain melt (3, 4). However, these zones are interpreted to mostly contain very small melt … [↵][1]1Email: calvin.miller{at}vanderbilt.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
The Mask Mutation Identifies TMPRSS6 as an Essential Suppressor of Hepcidin Gene Expression, Required for Normal Uptake of Dietary Iron.

Hepcidin, the central negative regulator of iron absorption and iron release from macrophages, is upregulated by iron. Mutations in hemojuvelin, Hfe, transferrin receptor 2, and SMAD4 are known to prevent upregulation. Additionally, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-6 stimulate hepcidin gene activation. Downregulation of hepcidin is effected by anemia and hypoxia, but nothing is known of the mechanism through which this occurs. Here we describe the recessive ENU-induced phenotype Mask , so called because affected homozygotes developed regional alopecia in which truncal hair was shed while facial hair was retained. The Mask phenotype was found to be a manifestation of iron deficiency, and was eliminated by correcting the iron deficiency. When fed an iron deficient diet, mutant mice absorbed less iron than controls, as measured by total body 59 Fe counting. After reaching a plateau total body counts stabilized, indicating that blood loss did not play a role in the iron deficiency. The level of liver hepcidin mRNA of iron deficient mice is normally greatly decreased; in contrast, the Mask mouse had high liver hepcidin mRNA levels. By positional cloning, we were able to ascribe the Mask phenotype to a splicing error in the Tmprss6 gene, which encodes a membrane-bound serine protease of previously unknown function. The mutation truncates the protein, eliminating the serine protease domain. Transfecting HepG2 cells to express the wildtype TMPRSS6 protein decreased baseline hepcidin reporter activity and almost entirely blunted the hepcidin inducing effect of IL-6, IL-1, hemojuvelin, and the BMPs. A construct encoding the Mask truncation mutant had diminished activity. Thus, TMPRSS6 powerfully down-regulates hepcidin gene transcription in the baseline state and prevents its upregulation by all known stimulators. TMPRSS6 is a non-redundant component of a hepcidin suppression pathway that exerts dominant effect over all known hepcidin inducing pathways, and is required for normal absorption of dietary iron.
What Communication Can Contribute to Data Studies: Three Lenses on Communication and Data

We are awash in predictions about our data-driven future. Enthusiasts believe big data imposes new ways of knowing, while critics worry it will enable powerful regimes of institutional control. This debate has been of keen interest to communication scholars. To encourage conceptual clarity, this article draws on communication scholarship to suggest three lenses for data epistemologies. I review the common social scientific perspective of communication as data . A data as discourse lens interrogates the meanings that data carries. Communication around data describes moments where data are constructed. By employing multiple perspectives, we might understand how data operate as a complex structure of dominance.
Manufacturing the ‘Intern’: A Poststructuralist Analysis of the Internship Phenomenon

Although college internships have the potential for providing many useful benefits, recently their harmful effects have started to come to the forefront of conversation. Several attempts have been ...
Coexistent presentation of Graves' disease and an autonomous thyroid nodule following administration of an iodinated contrast load

Abstract Objective Exposure to a high iodine load increases the risk of iodine-induced thyroid dysfunction in vulnerable populations, including the elderly. We report a case of an elderly patient who presented with coexisting Graves' disease and a potential autonomously-functioning thyroid nodule following administration of iodinated contrast. Methods Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data are presented. Results A 70-year-old man had a history of subclinical hyperthyroidism following an iodinated computed tomography (CT) scan study four years prior. He presented to the Endocrine Clinic with a new diagnosis of hyperthyroidism 20 weeks after a iodinated contrast CT. A thyroid uptake and scan revealed increased uptake in the right lower lobe (confirmed as a nodule by ultrasound), and diffusely increased uptake bilaterally, findings consistent with both Graves' disease and a superimposed autonomous thyroid nodule. One year later, without treatment, the patient's serum thyroid function and thyroid uptakes had normalized, presumed to result from remission of the Graves' disease and resolution of the thyroid nodule's autonomy. Conclusion This case demonstrates the co-occurrence of Graves' disease and a functional thyroid nodule. The nodule did not continue to retain autonomy following remission of the Graves' disease. The exposure to iodinated contrast may play a role in the mechanism of its onset and remission.
Substance Related and Addictive Disorders

Substance abuse is a major problem in consultation liaison psychiatry, disproportionate to the degree of substance abuse in the community. Twenty to thirty percent of consultations in a general hospital have been reported to involve a substance abuse diagnosis, and this has been consistent over time (Bourgeois et al. 2005; Alaja et al. 1998).
The Impact of Routine ICU Supportive Care on Long-term Outcomes of Critical Illness

As critical care medicine has matured as a discipline, clinical investigation and scholarship in this area has expanded beyond its initial focus on the pathophysiol- ogy of specific disorders and the utility of specific diagnostics and treatments to include long-term consequences of critical illness and its treatment. This expanded vision is of extraordinary importance since it can yield information essential in helping us most prudently weigh risk-benefit, in assessing more completely the consequences of current therapeutics, in counseling patients and famihes about the wisdom of limiting or withdrawing therapy, in determining the usefulness of critical care interventions vis-a-vis other healthcare interventions and allocating resources appropriately, and in providing more comprehensive assessment of new therapies in the future. These studies of long-term outcome have gone well beyond information concerning survival alone and now attempt to characterize quality of life, functional status, requirement for additional health care interventions beyond the critical care unit, and psychiatric and social consequences of critical illness on patients, families, and society.
TCTAP C-201 Awareness of Renovascular Heart Failure in Cardiology Practice

### Patient Initials or Identifier Number 7416216 ### Relevant Clinical History and Physical Exam Chief complaint: Dyspnea on exertion since 2 weeks ago Risk factors and comorbidities: -HT (+), DM (-), DLP (+), Current Smoker (+) -HTN on 3 meds and chronic renal failure -Ischemic stroke (52 y
Sterically Controlled Self-Assembly of a Robust Multinuclear Palladium Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization.

The self-assembly and reactivity of a robust multinuclear Pd catalyst based on the sterically expanded phosphine-bis-arenesulfonate ligand PPh(2-SO3–-4,5-(OMe)2-Ph)2 (OPO2–, 2) are described. The reaction of Li2[2] with (COD)PdMeCl and 4-(5-nonyl)-pyridine (py′) generates the tetranuclear complex {(OPO-Li)PdMe(py′)}4Li2Cl2 (3) in which four (phosphine-sulfonate)PdMe(py′) units are arranged around the periphery of a Li4S4O12·Li2Cl2 cage. The Pd atoms in 3 are arranged in pairs with a Pd–Pd distance of 6.6 A within each pair. 3 is more resistant to disassembly to Pd1 species than previously studied {(OPO-Li)PdMe(py)}4 compounds based on Li4S4O12 cages. 3 is a single-site catalyst for the polymerization of ethylene to high-molecular weight polyethylene hexanes suspension at 80 °C.
Retrospective analysis of outcomes in patients with non metastatic cholangiocarcinoma: A single network experience.

e15643Background: Biliary tract cancers are rare cancers with an annual incidence of about 8,000. In resected non-metastatic BTCs (NM-BTCs), cure rates decrease significantly due to local and dista...
Clinical impact of the etoposide injection shortage

PurposeDrug shortages have become a constant challenge in patient care over the past two decades. In 2018, there was a shortage of etoposide injection in the United States. The purpose of this stud...
Brief Report: Opioid-Involved Overdose Mortality in United States Veterans.

Background and objectives The purpose of this study is to assess trends in opioid-involved overdose mortality among US Veterans. Methods Age-adjusted drug overdose mortality rates, overall and by opioid subtype, were assessed from National Death Index data for US Veterans; statistical significance of trends was assessed for 2010 to 2015 and 2015 to 2016. Results Veteran age-adjusted overdose mortality rates increased 23.7% from 2010 to 2015 (19.7-24.4 of 100 000) and a further 20.4% through 2016 (29.3 of 100 000). Opioid involvement increased from 51.3% in 2010 to 62.1% in 2016, as opioid overdose rates increased from 10.9 to 19.5 of 100 000. Overdose mortality varied substantially by opioid subtype and demographics. Conclusions and scientific significance This report provides the first-ever description of trends and characteristics of overdose mortality and opioid-involved deaths among US Veterans of military service for the period 2010 to 2016. With the exception of female Veterans and Veterans in Western States, it has been found that trends in Veteran overdose mortality paralleled rising rates of drug overdose observed in the United States more broadly. Published 2020. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. (Am J Addict 2020;00:00-00).
Hierarchical Privilege and Power in Structural Supervision

This paper discusses supervision through a structural family therapy (SFT) lens. SFT aims to alter dysfunctional patterns in exchange for healthy interactions by creating clear hierarchies and boun...
Supervised Autonomy for Communication-degraded Subterranean Exploration by a Robot Team

The importance of autonomy in robotics is magnified when the robots need to be deployed and operated in areas that are too dangerous or not accessible for humans, ranging from disaster areas (to assist in emergency situations) to Mars exploration (to uncover the mystery of our neighboring planet). The DARPA Subterranean (SubT) Challenge presents a great opportunity and a formidable robotics challenge to foster such technological advancement for operations in extreme and underground environments. Robot teams are expected to rapidly map, navigate, and search underground environments including natural cave networks, tunnel systems, and urban underground infrastructure. Subterranean environments pose significant challenges for manned and unmanned operations due to limited situational awareness. In the first phase of the DARPA Subterranean Challenge (held in August 2019; targeting underground tunnels and mines), Team CoSTAR, led by NASA JPL, placed second among 11 teams across the world, accurately mapping several kilometers of two mine systems and localizing 17 target objects in the course of four one-hour missions. While the main goal of Team CoSTAR at the end of this three-year challenge (August 2021) is a fully autonomous robotic solution, this paper describes Team CoSTAR's results in the first phase of the challenge (August 2019), focusing on supervised autonomy of a multi-robot team under severe communication constraints. This paper also presents the design and initial results obtained from field test campaigns conducted in various tunnel-like environments, leading to the competition.
The Mental Health of Frontline Health Care Providers During Pandemics: A Rapid Review of the Literature.

Objective:This rapid review addresses two key questions posed by the COVID-19 pandemic: What are the anticipated mental health sequelae for frontline health workers? and What are best practices dur...
Reframing primary alkyl amines as aliphatic building blocks

While primary aliphatic amines are ubiquitous in natural products, they are traditionally considered inert to substitution chemistry. This review highlights historical and recent advances in the field of aliphatic deamination chemistry which demonstrate these moieties can be harnessed as valuable C(sp3) synthons. Cross-coupling and photocatalyzed transformations proceeding through polar and radical mechanisms are compared with oxidative deamination and other transition metal catalyzed reactions.
A Two-State Epistasis Model Reduces Missing Heritability of Complex Traits

Despite decade-long efforts, the genetic underpinnings of many complex traits and diseases remain largely elusive. It is increasingly recognized that a purely additive model, upon which most genome-wide association studies (GWAS) rely, is insufficient. Although thousands of significant trait-associated loci have been identified, purely additive models leave much of the inferred genetic variance unexplained. Several factors have been invoked to explain the 9missing heritability9, including epistasis. Accounting for all possible epistatic interactions is computationally complex and requires very large samples. Here, we propose a simple two-state epistasis model, in which individuals show either high or low variant penetrance with respect to a certain trait. The use of this model increases the power to detect additive trait-associated loci. We show that this model is consistent with current GWAS results and improves fit with heritability observations based on twin studies. We suggest that accounting for variant penetrance will significantly increase our power to identify underlying additive loci.
Tris-Hydroxymethyl Aminomethane Is Effective in Treating Severe Acidosis During Lung Protective Ventilation in ARDS

Background: We previously reported in a small case series that THAM improves acid-base balance in severe ARDS complicated by profound acidosis, whereas sodium bicarbonate therapy resulted in acute deterioration in arterial blood gases (ABG). 1 THAM9s effectiveness is attributable to its high pK (7.8), direct binding of CO2 without producing CO2 and renal excretion that obviates increasing minute ventilation (VE); thus making THAM a useful buffer for LPV. THAM was our buffer of choice until its availability in the United States ceased in 2016. This summary describes our use of THAM during LPV over the last 10 years of the drugs availability. Methods: The SFGH ARDS quality assurance database tracks LPV practices and was queried to identify subjects treated with THAM. From September 2006-August 2016, 97 subjects were identified, of whom 82 met inclusion criteria: 1) standard bolus infusion of at least 1 full dose of THAM (150 mmol), 2) pre/post ABGs done Results: A total of 143 discreet treatments met inclusion criteria. Infusion of THAM at 2.04 [1.61, 2.36] mmol/kg/h over 60 [60, 60] min, significantly increased arterial pH and bicarbonate (HCO3); decreased arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), base deficit (BD), and anion gap (Table). These changes occurred despite extraordinarily elevated dead-space fraction of 0.80 [0.72, 0.85]. Oxygenation was unaffected. Conclusions: This study confirms our previous findings that THAM improves pH and lowers PaCO2 without alterations in VE. Decreased PaCO2 is attributable to THAM9s capacity to directly bind CO2 with subsequent renal excretion (or removal during dialysis). These properties make THAM a useful buffer to maintain LPV in ARDS complicated by severe acidosis and markedly elevated dead-space. 1. Kallet RH, Jasmer RM, Luce JM, et al. The treatment of acidosis in acute lung injury with tris-hydroxymethyl aminomethane (THAM). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;161:1149-1153.
Perna perna Mussels Network as Pollution Biosensors of Oil Spills and Derivatives

Abstract Since the availability of petroleum and derivatives has great impact over the world economy, the oil industry lies in both the formation and the maintenance of modern industrial economy. Petroleum exploration, transport, distribution and storage activities can compromise water resources and provide serious consequences to exposed organisms due to the risk of accidental spillage of oil and refinery effluents. Perna perna mussels are acknowledged for their sentinel characteristics being affected by slight environmental changes and one of the promising species in the aquaculture world. Thus, this study aimed to demonstrate that the behavior of Perna perna mussels is a suitable biomarker of exposure to petroleum and derivatives. The present research proposes the construction of an online aquatic pollution biosensor based on the behavioral analysis of Perna perna mussels network. Thirty-nine mussels instrumented with Hall Effect sensors and magnets were exposed to 0 (control), 5%, and 20% of Water-Accommodated Fraction (WAF) of Diesel S-500 for up to 42 hours. The sensors network outputs were used to evaluate the behavioral parameters average amplitude, filtration activity, transition frequency, amount of motion reversals and weighted average of the ten largest Fourier magnitudes after the first 12 hours of experiment using 6-hours intervals. The employment of the behavioral parameters weighted average of the ten largest Fourier magnitudes and transition frequency provided greater efficacy in distinguishing groups of animals exposed to contaminants in relation to the control group with significant differences in at least 80% of the analyzed intervals.
Spontaneous Smoking Cessation in Parents.

Purpose To determine the percentage of parents who report quitting spontaneously and examine the factors associated with these quits. Methods As part of a cluster randomized control trial addressing parental smoking in a pediatric outpatient setting, 12-month follow-up survey data were collected from parents who had self-identified as smokers when exiting from 10 control practices. Parents were considered to have made a spontaneous quit if they reported not smoking a cigarette, even a puff, in the last 7 days and chose the statement "I did not plan the quit in advance; I just did it" when describing how their quit attempt started. Results Of the 981 smoking parents enrolled at baseline, 710 (72%) completed the 12-month follow-up. Of these, 123 (17%) reported quitting, of whom 50 (41%) reported quitting spontaneously. In multivariable analysis, parents who reported smoking on some days vs. every day (OR 3.06 (95% CI 1.42, 6.62)) and that nobody had smoked in their home/car vs. someone had smoked in these settings in the past 3 months (OR 2.19 (95% CI 1.06, 4.54)) were more likely to quit spontaneously. Conclusions This study shows that, of parents who quit smoking, a substantial percentage report quitting spontaneously and that intermittent smoking and smoke-free home/car policies are associated with reports of quitting spontaneously. Promoting smoke-free home/car policies, especially when parents are not willing to make a plan to quit smoking, might increase the likelihood that parents decide to quit without advance planning. Pediatric healthcare providers are uniquely positioned to use the child's visit to motivate parents to quit smoking and eliminate their child's exposure to tobacco smoke, regardless of the frequency of smoking or a readiness to plan a quit attempt. Clinical Trial Registration. This trial is registered with NCT01882348.
Analytical Fragility Curves for Non-Ductile Reinforced Concrete Buildings Retrofitted with Viscoelastic Dampers

Non-Ductile reinforced concrete frames (NDRCF) structures are found to be vulnerable during major seismic events. Unfortunately, the majority of low-rise buildings around the world were built prior to 1976, when the current ductility requirements in modal building codes were not developed yet. Few of the smart cities have been looking for ways to become more resilient and resistant to earthquakes. In this study, the feasibility of retrofitting these structures, using viscoelastic dampers are evaluated. Analytical Fragility curves are developed to evaluate the benefit of using the viscoelastic dampers in reducing the risk of damages during major earthquakes. The methodology that was used to develop the curves is based on calculating the maximum story drift using nonlinear time history analysis for different ground motions with different intensities and frequencies. The fragility curves are developed from the adjustments of distribution function of the analysis results. The produced fragility curves highlight the advantages of using viscoelastic dampers in reducing the level of damage these structures can experience during earthquakes which can be an efficient strategy to increase the resilience of building in a smart city.
A Fuzzimetric Predictive Analytics Model to Reduce Emotional Stock Trading

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of fuzzy set mechanism termed as “Fuzzimetric Sets” by investment advisors to provide maximum and minimum tolerances as part of helping the trader with making their stock trading decisions. Unlike other research of the use of Fuzzy logic in the Technical analysis, the proposed system guides the stock trader about the best well-known technical analysis mechanism used by traders. Moreover, the use of Fuzzimetric sets is designed to provide the low and high possible tolerances that the trader may use in any specific scenario, and to eliminate or reduce the effect of emotional trading. This paper designs the proposed model to compare the results of traditional different “Technical Analysis” (TA) techniques with the proposed fuzzified TA(s) methodology with the objective of reducing the emotional trading. The proposed design would provide the total spectrum of possible results and accordingly, traders would become more careful when conducting the trade.
Neurophysiology Applied to Neurosurgery

For more than five decades progress in functional neurosurgery has been boosted at every time surgeons and physiologists have accepted the idea that the best way to restore a function, or to control a functional disorder, through a surgical operation, was to share their knowledge and to elaborate together new concepts as well as innovative procedures to the benefit of patients. The two most famous examples of such an efficient collaboration are without doubt the couples formed by Herbert Jasper and Wilder Penfield in Montreal and by Jean Talairach and Jean Bancaud in Paris, who both contributed to settle the principles of epilepsy surgery, but through distinct and complementary approaches that are still a matter of debate nowadays. The same type of collaboration has also permitted significant breakthroughs in neurosurgical treatment of pain and movement disorders.