cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radioimmunologic measurements of naturally occurring bacterial antibodies. I. Human serum antibodies reactive with Escherichia coli in gastrointestinal and immunologic disorders.

Abstract A radioimmunologic method for quantitative measurement of naturally occurring human serum antibodies reactive with Escherichia coli was developed. The primary binding of IgG, IgA, and IgM to a nonenteropathogenic strain of E. coli was estimated from measurements of radiolabeled rabbit antihuman immunoglobulins bound to bacteria which had been incubated in human serum or purified immunoglobulins. As little as 5 ng. antibody nitrogen could be measured, and no significant interference was encouraged from crossreacting antibodies to Bacterioides fragilis , an Enterococcus species, or human erythrocytes. Anti- E. coli antibodies were measured in sera of 11 healthy subjects and 72 patients with immunologic or gastrointestinal disorders. IgM and IgG antibodies predominated quantitatively over IgA antibodies; antibody concentrations were normal in many gastrointestinal conditions in which elevations might have been expected (nontropical sprue, regional enteritis, intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and chronic liver diseases); IgG antibodies were undetectable in sera of 3 of 8 patients with chronic ulcerative colitis, the only patients in the entire series except for those with hypogammaglobulinemia in whom this was observed; IgG antibody concentrations were 2 to 17 times above the maximum normal control value in 4 of 10 patients selectively deficient in IgA; and IgA-class antibodies were below measurable levels in all 20 IgA myeloma sera.
Julie Buckner Armstrong, Ed., The Cambridge Companion to American Civil Rights Literature

No truly canonical literary text has emerged from the civil rights movement, which is plausibly defined in chronological terms as 1954 to 1968. Therefore the relationship of literature to the social and political change promoting racial equality has to be elastic in the boundaries that critical scholarship formulates. Black identity and the struggle beyond formal civic rights therefore serve as markers for how fiction and poetry might be understood and appreciated in reflecting, if not necessarily promoting, a more just American society.
The effect of realism on the virtual hand illusion

The virtual hand illusion is a body ownership illusion that occurs in a virtual environment. Previous studies reached different conclusions on the effect of realism of the controllable virtual hand model on the intensity of the perceived illusion. In our experiments, we compare participants' responses to virtual impacts and threats when using hand models with different levels of realism. Our findings indicate that an illusion can be created for any model but that the effect is perceived weakest for a non-anthropomorphic block model and strongest for a realistic human hand model in direct comparison. We furthermore find that the reactions to our experiments highly vary between participants.
Imaging of the Pediatric Temporal Bone Abnormalities

Abnormalities of the temporal bone in children may be associated with important morbidity. Congenital, undiagnosed hearing loss occurring can impair normal cognitive development and should therefore be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. The most common indication of temporal bone imaging in childhood is congenital hearing loss. Both high-resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are helpful in diagnosis of a variety of congenital, inflammatory, traumatic, and neoplastic disorder.
Family Impact of Tourette's Syndrome

Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by vocal and motor tics. TS is also associated with several behavior disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, conduct disorder, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. We examined the impact of Tourette's syndrome with and without comorbid psychiatric disorders on the family. TS complicated by comorbid disorders had a greater impact on the family than uncomplicated TS. Tourette's symptom severity was significantly correlated with the level of impact on the family and with the number of comorbid disorders. TS is a disorder with effects that extend beyond motor and vocal tics.
30 Years of Research on Entry Mode and Performance Relationship: A Meta-Analytical Review

Almost 30 years after Anderson and Gatignon systematically conceptualized various entry modes, the scholarly research on their performance effects has accumulated a large amount of empirical evidence. However, research has progressed in a somewhat fragmented manner where the cumulative impact of entry modes is difficult to discern and the entry-performance relationship still remains a conundrum in IB research. This study consolidates and meta-analyzes the empirical findings reported from 44 independent studies. While the results show an overall significant effect of entry modes on performance, more fine-tuned meta-analyses unravel that the effects of entry modes vary with the performance types and a number of plausible contingencies. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for future research and limitations.
Will We Save the American Constitutional System

Democracy, Inc., has plunged the American democratic-capitalist system into crisis. Donald Trump’s election is symptomatic of our degraded constitutional order. The Roberts Court conservatives and neoliberal ideologues bear much responsibility for our national predicament. But the framers also made mistakes. White men, mostly Protestant and wealthy, they relegated black slaves to the status of property. Blinded by racism and a desire to protect property interests, the framers poisoned the American political-economic system with a disease that still infects the nation. More broadly, the framers did not appreciate the degree to which the wealthy, people largely like themselves, could threaten the liberty and property of others, including the poor. To be sure, the framers designed a Constitution that, they believed, could overcome self-interest in general, not only the self-interest of the poor. But the framers, flawed like other people, failed to recognize the degree to which their own passions and interests obscured the rational pursuit of their goals for the nation.
No nanosensor and single exhale breathalyzer for asthma monitoring

This work describes the development of a nanotechnology solution for the non-invasive detection and monitoring of diseases, such as asthma, by identifying and measuring the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled breath. Nitric oxide is a known breath biomarker and the medical literature has published, recently, guidelines correlating the amounts of NO in breath with various airway diseases. A scalable process (flame spray pyrolysis) was employed to form nanoparticles of the NO-gas selective □-WO 3 . A wireless prototype of a portable, handheld breathalyzer utilizing resistive sensors based on these nanomaterials was also designed. Single exhale measurements of NO were obtained with this breathalyzer prototype. This technology is expected to become an inexpensive and affordable personalized medical diagnostic tool in the near future.
Foster mothers' parenting stress and coparenting quality: An examination of the moderating role of support

Abstract Foster caregiver couples may experience a variety of stressors that non-foster caregiver couples typically do not encounter, (e.g., caring for a child with a traumatic background, additional financial strain). These challenges can increase their parenting stress, possibly leading to struggles with parenting and other relationships in the home, such as the coparenting relationship. However, having formal and informal support systems in place as a buffer for parenting stress have been found to be associated with positive foster caregiving experiences. The current study examines the relationship between foster mothers' parenting stress and coparenting relationship quality, and the moderating influence of foster caregiver role support. Based on data collected from 59 married, female, foster caregivers, results indicate that perceiving helpful support from both formal and informal support systems may act as a buffer by mitigating the harmful effects of parenting stress on the coparenting relationship. Implications for services to promote foster caregiver support, well-being, and placement stability are provided.
Using Noisy Binary Search for Differentially Private Anomaly Detection

In this paper, we study differential privacy in noisy search. This problem is connected to noisy group testing: the goal is to find a defective or anomalous item within a group using only aggregate group queries, not individual queries. Differentially private noisy group testing has the potential to be used for anomaly detection in a way that provides differential privacy to the non-anomalous individuals while still helping to allow the anomalous individuals to be located. To do this, we introduce the notion of anomaly-restricted differential privacy. We then show that noisy group testing can be used to satisfy anomaly-restricted differential privacy while still narrowing down the location of the anomalous samples, and evaluate our approach experimentally.
Navigating the evidentiary turn in public health: Sensemaking strategies to integrate genomics into state-level chronic disease prevention programs.

Abstract In the past decade, healthcare delivery has faced two major disruptions: the mapping of the human genome and the rise of evidence-based practice. Sociologists have documented the paradigmatic shift towards evidence-based practice in medicine, but have yet to examine its effect on other health professions or the broader healthcare arena. This article shows how evidence-based practice is transforming public health in the United States. We present an in-depth qualitative analysis of interview, ethnographic, and archival data to show how Michigan's state public health agency has navigated the turn to evidence-based practice, as they have integrated scientific advances in genomics into their chronic disease prevention programming. Drawing on organizational theory, we demonstrate how they managed ambiguity through a combination of sensegiving and sensemaking activities. Specifically, they linked novel developments in genomics to a long-accepted public health planning model, the Core Public Health Functions. This made cutting edge advances in genomics more familiar to their peers in the state health agency. They also marshaled state-specific surveillance data to illustrate the public health burden of hereditary cancers in Michigan, and to make expert panel recommendations for genetic screening more locally relevant. Finally, they mobilized expertise to help their internal colleagues and external partners modernize conventional public health activities in chronic disease prevention. Our findings show that tools and concepts from organizational sociology can help medical sociologists understand how evidence-based practice is shaping institutions and interprofessional relations in the healthcare arena.
Bringing Citizens and Policymakers Together Online: Imagining the Possibilities and Taking Stock of Privacy and Transparency Hazards

The authors make the case for creating a common architecture that interconnects otherwise disparate civic portals. They distinguish among core functions, complementary tools, and future features that could go into such a system, and consider its potential to create positive feedback loops that boost civic capacity and public legitimacy.
Utility of Computational Structural Biology in Mass Spectrometry

Recent developments of mass spectrometry (MS) allow us to identify, estimate, and characterize proteins and protein complexes. At the same time, structural biology helps to determine the protein structure and its structure–function relationship. Together, they aid to understand the protein structure, property, function, protein–complex assembly, protein–protein interaction and dynamics. The present chapter is organized with illustrative results to demonstrate how experimental mass spectrometry can be combined with computational structural biology for detailed studies of protein’s structures. We have used tumor differentiation factor protein/peptide as ligand and Hsp70/Hsp90 as receptor protein as examples to study ligand–protein interaction. To investigate possible protein conformation we will describe two proteins, lysozyme and myoglobin.
Recovery of Fine and Ultrafine Mineral Particles by Electroflotation – A Review

Fine and ultrafine particles are successfully recovered by flotation when fine bubbles are present. Electroflotation is a technique in which fine bubbles are generated by the electrolysis of water....
Self-Reported Sense of Smell Predicts Disgust Sensitivity and Disgust Reactivity

Abstract. Two studies tested the hypothesis that self-reported sense of smell (i.e., metacognitive insight into one’s olfactory ability) predicts disgust sensitivity and disgust reactivity. Consist...
TCT-573 Inter-hospital Transfer of TAVR Patients is Associated With Index Complications but Not Readmission Outcomes

Inter-hospital transfer (IHT) of patients has been shown to be associated with higher mortality and worse outcomes in critically ill patients. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) continues to become more widely utilized in managing severe aortic stenosis for surgically high-risk or
Improved performance induced by in situ ligand exchange reactions of copper bipyridyl redox couples in dye-sensitized solar cells.

Copper bipyridyl redox couples are intresting mediators for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Here we show that the electrolyte additive 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) actually substitutes common bidentate ligands on the Cu(II) species to form [Cu(TBP)4]2+, which is a poor electron acceptor and thus allows high voltages and charge collection efficiencies to be achieved.
Mary Francis. The Fun of Motivation: Crossing the Threshold Concepts (Publications in Librarianship No. 71) . Chicago, Ill.: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2017. 184p. $48.00 (ISBN 978-0-8389-8933-3).

The purpose of Mary Francis’ book is to make a persuasive case in favor of bringing fun into library instruction in an academic setting and to provide a structured approach for doing so that is rooted in the ACRL Threshold Concepts. Mary Francis is an associate professor of library science as well as a reference and instruction librarian at Dakota State University. The book is a pragmatic-minded, approachable volume designed to introduce readers to the benefits of including fun as an element in instructional design and the theories underlying fun as a motivational tool, as well as provide a set of example lesson plans that integrate fun and specifically address the ACRL Threshold Concepts.
THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS PIPELINE MILKING CONDITIONS ON THE ACID DEGREE AND FLAVOR SCORE OF MILK

Statistical analyses of acid degree values (Thomas et al.) and rancid flavor scores of pipeline milk subjected to various riser heights and pumping treatments showed that significantly higher acid degree values and poorer flavor scores were associated with risers and with continuous pumping as compared with no risers and intermittent pumping treatments. Milk exhibiting acid degree values of 1.5 or less were consistently judged to be free from rancid flavor.
Effects of Photolysis on the Chemical and Optical Properties of Secondary Organic Material Over Extended Time Scales

As organic aerosol particles age in the atmosphere, their chemical and physical properties can change which impacts their loss rates and atmospheric lifetimes. Here we investigate 4 days of photoly...
An Assessment of Race as a Risk Factor for Doxorubicin-Related Cardiotoxicity in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma.

Abstract Background Doxorubicin carries a risk of congestive heart failure (CHF). Black race has been suggested as a risk factor for doxorubicin-related cardiotoxicity, but data are limited. We assessed whether HF occurs at higher rates in Black patients compared to White patients who receive doxorubicin for DLBCL, and evaluated race as an independent risk factor for the development of HF after adjusting for known risk factors. Patients and Methods We used SEER-Medicare to identify patients 66 years and older with DLBCL. We excluded patients with CHF documented prior to diagnosis with DLBCL. We assessed for hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, and arrhythmias prior to diagnosis with DLBCL. The primary outcome was documented CHF at any point following DLBCL diagnosis. Secondary outcomes included CHF in the first year following diagnosis and death. We performed analyses additionally stratified by cumulative dose of doxorubicin. Results Our study population consisted of 8,604 patients (White 96.8%, Black 3.2%). In both Kaplan-Meier and competing risk analyses, we observed no significant difference in the incidence of CHF between Black and White patients, both before and after adjusting for covariates. Finally, we observed no significant differences in the incidence of CHF by race after stratification by cumulative doxorubicin dose. Conclusions CHF is common following doxorubicin chemotherapy for DLBCL in older patients. No association was observed between Black race and the onset of heart failure in this setting. Rigorous screening for known clinical risk factors is likely more relevant than race in treatment selection and optimization.
The Wide Area Virtual Environment - A Novel Immersive Environment for Medical Team Training

Medical simulation presents a viable alternative to traditional methods of medical instruction, such as cadavers and animal models. Simulation can provide safe, consistent, and repeatable learning opportunities. It accomplishes this without risk to patient safety. There is an increasing awareness of the value that simulation brings to learning. The Wide Area Virtual Environment (WAVE) is an 8,000 sq. ft. immersive virtual reality facility intended to support medical team instruction. It is the world’s largest immersive virtual environment. The WAVE represents a novel application of human-computer interaction. It forms the basis for a synergistic amalgamation of live, virtual, and constructive simulation for medical instruction. This paper describes the motivation behind the WAVE. We also describe the WAVE’s primary components, and how they are used during a learning scenario. Our experience with using the WAVE is also described.
Chapter 16 – Performance – Introduction

Methodologies to model the atmosphere are provided, but this is a prerequisite to any performance analyses. This modeling uses the US Standard Atmosphere, published by NOAA, NASA, and USAF. Methods to estimate atmospheric properties up to 36,089 ft (11,000 m) are presented, with methods for altitudes up to 278,000 ft (85 km) detailed in appendix A. This is followed by methods to calculate true airspeed, equivalent airspeed, and other important airspeeds. Then, a step-by-step procedure to create a V-n diagram is presented, with a corresponding discussion of the FARs that requires its generation. Finally, two sample aircraft that are used to demonstrate performance calculations in other chapters are presented. These are the Cirrus SR22 and the Learjet 45XR.
Early lactate clearance rate on prognostic evaluation of the severe sepsis and septic shock in children

Objective To explore the value of early lactate clearance rate in outcome for severe sepsis and septic shock children. Methods Thirty-two children with severe sepsis and septic shock were selected in PICU from July 2008 to November 2009.Artery levels of lactate were measured before and after early goal-directed therapy,then calcuated the lactate clearance. Results Survivors group after 6 hours therapy showed a lower lactate learance (P＜0.01),no significant difference was found in nonsurvivors group [(35±16)% vs (15±11)%].There existed obvious correlation between lactate clearance and pediatric critical ilness score and PICS(P＞0.05). Conclusions Early lactate clearance could be regard as an indicator of outcome to severe sepsis and septic-shock children. Key words: Severe sepsis; Septic shock; Lactate clearance rate; Prognosis
Rigid-Flexible Antenna Array (RFAA) for Lightweight Deployable Apertures

this paper presents the Rigid-Flexible Antenna Array (RFAA), a concept for realizing ultra-light flexible antenna arrays that can readily integrate active components. This enables realization of phased arrays that can be compactly stowed in small satellites, where mass and volume for antenna payloads are extremely limited. The RFAA is constructed with a very thin, physically flexible material and minimal rigid material, allowing it to be realized with an area density as low as 1.1 $\mathrm{k}\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{m}^{2}$. It employs a compact novel capacitive antenna feed, which simplifies its construction. The concept is validated through simulation of two RFAA element designs, and measurements of two prototype arrays.
How You Can Work to Increase the Presence and Improve the Experience of Black, Latinx, and Native American People in the Economics Profession

Recently in economics there has been discussion of how to increase diversity in the profession and how to improve the work life of diverse peoples. We conducted surveys and interviews with Black, Latinx and Native American people. These groups have long been underrepresented in the economics profession. Participants were at various stages along the economics career trajectory, or on the trajectory no longer, and used their lived experience to reflect on what helps and hurts underrepresented minorities in economics. We heard a few consistent themes: bias, hostile climate, and the lack of information and good mentoring among them. Respondents' insights and experience point toward action steps that you can take today to increase the presence and improve the work life of underrepresented minorities in the economics profession.
Normative decision asymmetries with symmetric priors but asymmetric evidence

Decisions based on rare events are challenging because rare events alone can be both informative and unreliable as evidence. How humans should and do overcome this challenge is not well understood. Here we present results from a preregistered study of 200 on-line participants performing a simple inference task in which the evidence was rare and asymmetric but the priors were symmetric. Consistent with a Bayesian ideal observer, most participants exhibited choice asymmetries that reflected a tendency to rationally interpret a rare event as evidence for the alternative likely to produce slightly more events, even when the two alternatives were equally likely a priori. A subset of participants exhibited additional biases based on an under-weighing of rare events. The results provide new quantitative and theoretically grounded insights into rare-event inference, which is relevant to both real-world problems like predicting stock-market crashes and common laboratory tasks like predicting changes in reward contingencies.
Complications Following Proximal Biceps Tenodesis

Proximal biceps tenodesis, performed both arthroscopically and open, is a generally safe procedure with a low overall complication rate and favorable patient outcomes. Arthroscopic biceps tenodesis has been found to have fewer complications, including postoperative wound infections and hardware failure; however, persistent pain in the anterior shoulder is associated with tenodesis procedures performed high in the bicipital groove. Open subpectoral biceps tenodesis has been associated with a low frequency of more significant complications, such as neurovascular injury, deep wound infection, as well as hardware failure, and minimizes the chance of postoperative “groove pain.”
Deterministic Capacity of Networks

In this paper we define the deterministic capacity of a network. The deterministic capacity is defined by restricting nodes to transmitting (asymptotically) deterministic functions of the messages in the network. It can be seen as an upper bound on the set of rates achieved by all possible decode- forward coding schemes, in an abstract sense. A key advantage of the deterministic capacity is that it can be found for a large class of networks, as opposed to the general Shannon capacity of networks, which is generally unknown, even for the relay channel. We derive the deterministic capacity of some MIMO relay channels in the low power regime.
Mutually penetrating motion of self-organized two-dimensional patterns of solitonlike structures

Results of numerical simulations of a recently derived most general dissipative-dispersive partial differential equation describing evolution of a film flowing down an inclined plane are presented. They indicate that a novel complex type of spatiotemporal patterns can exist for strange attractors of nonequilibrium systems. It is suggested that real-life experiments satisfying the validity conditions of the theory are possible: the required sufficiently viscous liquids are readily available.
Synopsis of the Report of the Second Circuit Task Force on Gender, Racial and Ethnic Fairness in the Courts

The recent Report of the Second Circuit Task Force on Gender, Racial, and Ethnic Fairness in the Courts ("Ta~kforce")~ observes "some biased conduct toward parties and witnesses based on gender or race or ethnicity has occurred on the part of both judges and lawyers." "Biased conduct toward lawyers based on gender or race or ethnicity, has occurred to a greater degree."2 The Report concludes that such conduct is unacceptable and admonishes all participants in the Second Circuit courts to guard against it.3 The purpose of this Perspective is to review several sections of the Rep01-t.~ The Perspective is written from an informative, not an analytical, standpoint and is intended to summarize the status of key issues raised by the Task Force.
Solving the Image Flow Equations

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the solution of the image flow equations. It presents a representation of the scene parameters and the image flow parameters by the Taylor coefficients of appropriate analytic functions. The values of these Taylor coefficients are dependent on the orientation of the image coordinate system in the image plane. A rotation of the image coordinate system about the optical axis changes the values of these quantities. The transformation equations for the change in these quantities because of such rotations can be easily derived. However, an image itself has no inherent coordinate system and therefore, the choice of a coordinate system is completely arbitrary. For this reason, a canonical representation would be preferred for the scene parameters and the image parameters where the quantities have conceptually simple physical interpretations.
Patent Costs and Unlicensed Use of Patented Inventions

Recent commentators have observed, and sometimes lamented, significant gaps between the formal reach of the patent system and the practical exclusionary effect of patent law. It is costly for technology developers to obtain and assert patents, for technology users to identify the patents they might be infringing and to clear rights, and for the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) to find patent-defeating prior art. The costs of the patent system provide shelter for infringing behavior that might otherwise lead to either licensing or liability, perhaps mitigating excesses in the patent system while retaining strong rights that motivated owners may enforce. But users who rely upon high information costs and transaction costs to protect themselves from patent assertion run the risk of liability when patents fall into the hands of entrepreneurs who figure out cost-reducing strategies to close the gap between the formal reach of patents and the narrower range of activity that has been effectively controlled by prior owners.
Teaching Technical Theater: Learning, not just Doing

iv • Chapter 1 Introduction to Issues within Technical Theatre Education 1 • Chapter 2 The Source of the Issue and Ideas for Resolution 7 • Chapter 3 Following through and Keeping it Engaging 17 • Chapter 4 Conclusion 24 • Resources 26 • Bibliography 44 • Vita 47 •
Modeling Core-Hole Screening in Core-Excitation Spectroscopies

We consider screening of the core-hole potential experienced by the ejected electron in core-excitation processes. This potential affects near-edge structure strongly, but it appears difficult to consistently obtain reliable screened core-hole potentials without substantial computation. Screening effects have both atomic and solid-state (or molecular/cluster) contributions. We emphasize aspects that must be true of "correct" screening models, in an attempt to circumvent the need to carry out full-scale randomphase approximation (RPA) or self-consistent-field calculations of the screening. We present and discuss three spectra computed with RPA and model screened potentials, suggesting ideas to be considered in future work developing screening models.
Workflow for Evaluating SEDAC Data for Dissemination

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. The depiction of the workflow for the evaluation of scientific data that are planned for dissemination by the NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC) demonstrates the diversity of roles, groups, and activities that are involved in the evaluation of scientific data disseminated by SEDAC. The evaluation efforts described in the workflow include reviews, assessments, and testing activities of scientific data that are conducted throughout the data acquisition, product development, and dissemination processes. Workflow for Evaluating SEDAC Data for Dissemination
Augmenting capsule endoscopy diagnosis: a similarity learning approach

The current procedure for diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) from Capsule Endoscopy is a tedious manual process which requires the clinician to visually inspect large video sequences for matching and categorization of diseased areas (lesions). Automated methods for matching and classification can help improve this process by reducing diagnosis time and improving consistency of categorization. In this paper, we propose a novel SVM-based similarity learning method for distinguishing between correct and incorrect matches in Capsule Endoscopy (CE). We also show that this can be used in conjunction with a voting scheme to categorize lesion images. Results show that our methods outperform standard classifiers in discriminating similar from dissimilar lesion images, as well as in lesion categorization. We also show that our methods drastically reduce the complexity (training time) by requiring only one half of the data for training, without compromising the accuracy of the classifier.
Existence of KAM tori for four-dimensional volume-preserving maps

We study a four-dimensional volume-preserving map with two parameters. In the parameter plane, we compute the regions of linear stability for periodic orbits with winding numberspn/rn andqn/rn, which are rational approximants of a cubic irrational «KAM», pair (α1, α2). Our numerical results suggest that these stable regions converge to a limit region when the order,n, of the rational approximation increases. For parameter values in this limit region, there would exist a KAM torus with winding numbers (α1, α2). The rate of convergence of the stable regions or their boundaries does not appear to be very predictable,i.e. there seems to be no scaling.
Vortex-lattice melting in two-dimensional superconducting networks and films.

We carry out an extensive Monte Carlo study of phase transitions in two-dimensional (2D) superconducting networks, in an applied magnetic field, for square and honeycomb geometries. We consider both systems with a dilute vortex density 1/[ital q], and dense systems near full frustration with vortex density 1/2--1/[ital q]. The dilute case gives the continuum limit as [ital q][r arrow][infinity], and serves as a model for a uniform superconducting film. For this dilute case, we find a transition temperature [ital T][sub [ital c]][similar to]1/[ital q], at which the vortex lattice unpins from the network and forms a floating solid'' phase. At a higher temperature [ital T][sub [ital m]], this floating solid melts into a vortex liquid. We analyze the transition at [ital T][sub [ital m]] according to the Kosterlitz-Thouless theory of dislocation mediated melting in 2D. While we find a discontinuous jump in the vortex shear modulus at [ital T][sub [ital m]] which is consistent with this theoy, we find (in opposition to this theory) that the transition is weakly first order, and we find no evidence for a hexatic liquid phase. For the case near full frustration, we find that the system can be described in terms of the densitymore » of defects in an otherwise fully frustrated vortex pattern. These dilute defects result in similar behavior as that found in the dilute vortex system, with pinned, floating, and liquid defect phases.« less
Spark-plasma-sintered barium zirconate based proton conductors for solid oxide fuel cell and hydrogen separation applications

Abstract Proton conducting ceramics exhibit high levels of bulk proton conductivity at intermediate temperatures (500–700 °C). However, this material class has not been widely utilized in energy conversion and storage applications due to the blocking behavior of the grain boundary proton conduction. A better understanding of proton conduction in these materials requires a systematic study of the sintering conditions that determine microstructure and ultimately the electrical properties. In this work, spark plasma sintering with high heating rates was employed to prepare a state-of-the-art BaZr0.9Y0.1O3−δ (BZY) proton conductor for studies focused on the behavior of proton conduction at the grain boundary interfaces. The ceramics prepared by the SPS method resulted in an ultra-fine grain size of approximately 200 nm. The large grain boundary interfacial area was used as a “tool” to investigate the interfacial conduction in these materials systems. Samples displayed a lowered grain boundary conductivity and a higher activation energy compared with the literature results on conventionally prepared materials. The lower bulk conductivity is interpreted with reference to polymorphs of BZY sintered at different temperatures. The combined effect led to a lower total conductivity of the SPS densified BZY ceramics.
Pretransplant serum albumin is an independent predictor of graft failure in pediatric renal transplant recipients.

Objectives To determine the prevalence of hypoalbuminemia in children listed for renal transplantation and to evaluate the effect of pretransplant hypoalbuminemia on posttransplant outcomes. Study design Retrospective cohort analysis of children receiving their first kidney transplant in the US between January 2000 and December 2010 obtained through the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network. The primary outcome measure was time to graft failure. Cox regression analyses were used to estimate the independent effect of serum albumin on event incidence. Results Of the 6032 children who received transplants, 308 (5.1%) had a very low serum albumin level at registration; rates of transplantation in such children varied significantly across geographic regions (χ 2 , P P Conclusions Considerable regional variation exists in the US with respect to transplantation in children with hypoalbuminemia. Severe hypoalbuminemia is an independent risk factor for graft failure. Transplant centers as well as patients need to be aware of this risk and make informed decisions regarding the optimal timing of transplantation. Whether graft failure is a consequence of the low serum albumin or the reflection of a higher inflammatory milieu remains to be explored.
Where have all the preceptors gone? Erosion of the volunteer clinical faculty.

Recruitment of volunteer clinical faculty to teach in undergraduate medical education has become increasingly difficult. More recruitment phone calls are being made with fewer yields (20:1 ratio at our institution this year), while more preceptors are discontinuing their teaching. One of our preceptors recently said, “The way managed care is going, we don't have enough time to spend with our patients, and it is frustrating to have a student in the practice when we have no time to explain what we are doing. So for now, we are going to have to decline being preceptors.” If this trend continues, it will undermine medical schools' capacity to offer important learning experiences to 1st- and 2nd-year medical students. Such experiences offer students experiential learning opportunities to observe role models in action, practice clinical skills, and recognize the relevance of the basic sciences knowledge to clinical practice. Are these preceptors and learning experiences endangered species? The accompanying article by Vath and colleagues suggests that while not yet extinct, volunteer clinical faculty members are declining in number. Their findings are particularly troubling because preceptors in HMO settings and in urban practices are the most likely groups to stop teaching. These are also the most sought-after groups of preceptors because of their proximity to campuses.
Decreased natural killer (NK) cell function in chronic NK cell lymphocytosis associated with decreased surface expression of CD11b.

Chronic natural killer cell lymphocytosis (CNKL) is characterized by greatly increased numbers of natural killer (NK) cells and patients with this disease may survive for long periods. This is in contrast to patients with leukemic proliferations of NK cells who can have a rapidly progressive clinical course. We identified a pediatric patient who was largely healthy who had CNKL and we sought to determine if the expanded CD16(+)CD3(-) population in this patient functions differently than classical NK cells. Cytotoxic activity against NK cell-sensitive K562 target cells was present, but lower than that in control donors when calculated as lytic units per CD16(+)CD3(-) cell. This cytolytic activity was inducible in patient samples by IL-2/IL-12 stimulation proportionately to that induced in samples from control donors. Intracellular perforin was also present and induced in patient CD16(+)CD3(-) cells similarly to controls. Other presumed NK cell activities, such as IL-2/IL-12 induced IFN-gamma expression and initiation of apoptosis evidenced by annexin V binding after CD16 crosslinking were present in patient samples. Patient CD16(+)CD3(-) cells, however, differed from classical NK cells, as the majority did not express CD56, CD57, CD8, or CD11b. Most convincingly, there was a 5 log decrease in CD11b expression in patient CD16(+)CD3(-) cells compared to control as determined by mean channel fluorescence. These observed differences may explain the relatively benign phenotype of this disorder.
Radiotracer techniques for protein adsorption measurements

Factors which contribute to measurement errors associated with the use of radiotracers to measure protein adsorption are considered. Techniques for removal of excess adsorbent solution and for estimation of surface area are described. Artifacts induced by the incorporation of a radio-label both by specific adsorption of the labeling atom and by changes in the protein are discussed.
From Glass Ceiling to Glass Cliff: Women in Senior Executive Service

The dominant paradigm that frames the challenges women face in attaining upward mobility has been the glass ceiling metaphor (Bowling, Cynthia, Kelleher, Christine, Jones, Jennifer, and Deil Wright. 2006. Cracked ceilings, firmer floors, and weakening walls: Trends and patterns in gender representation among executives leading American state agencies, 1970–2000. Public Administration Review 66 (6): 823–36; Bullard, Angela, and Deil Wright. 1993. Circumventing the glass ceiling: Women executives in American state governments. Public Administration Review 53 (3): 189–202; Naff, Katherine C. 1994. Through the glass ceiling: Prospects for the advancement of women in the federal civil service. Public Administration Review 54 (6): 507–14; Riccucci, Norma M. 2009. The pursuit of social equity in the federal government: A road less traveled? Public Administration Review 69 (3): 373–82; Sneed, Bethany G. 2007. Glass walls in state bureaucracies: Examining the difference departmental function can make. Public Administration Review 67 (5): 880–91). However, over the last decades women have made steady progress and are moving to positions of leadership. Women in leadership positions continue to face an uphill battle; they often are placed in precarious positions setting them up for failure and pushing them over the edge—a phenomenon recently termed as “glass cliff” (Ryan, Michelle K., and S. Alexander Haslam. 2005. The glass cliff: Evidence that women are over-represented in precarious leadership positions. British Journal of Management 16, 81–90. Ryan, Michelle K., and S. Alexander Haslam. 2007. The glass cliff: Exploring the dynamics surrounding the appointment of women to precarious leadership positions. Academy of Management Review 32 (2): 549–72). Using data from the 2010 Federal Employee Viewpoint Survey, this research examines the challenges women face in Senior Executive Service (SES) in various US federal government agencies (distributive, redistributive, regulatory, and constituent policy). The study is based on three widely discussed theories in the field of social psychology—think-manager-think-male, social role theory, and role incongruity theory. The study findings indicate that SES women in distributive and constituent policy agencies are most likely to face glass cliffs. The odds of women falling off the cliff are less when women have influence over policymaking decisions, perceive empowerment, and experience organizational equities. Address correspondence to the author at meghna.sabharwal@utdallas.edu JPART doi:10.1093/jopart/mut030 © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, Inc. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory Advance Access published June 13, 2013 at U niersity of T exas at D allas on Jne 4, 2013 http://jpaordjournals.org/ D ow nladed from Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 2
The effectiveness of document neighboring in search enhancement

Abstract We consider two kinds of queries that may be applied to a database. The first is a query written by a searcher to express an information need. The second is a request for documents most similar to a document already judged relevant by the searcher. We examine the effectiveness of these two procedures and show that in important cases the latter query type is more effective than the former. This provides a new view of the cluster hypothesis and a justification for document neighboring procedures (precomputation of closely related documents). If all the documents in a database have readily available precomputed nearest neighbors, a new search algorithm, which we call parallel neighborhood searching, is conveniently used. We show that this feedback-based method provides significant improvement in recall over traditional linear searching methods and even appears superior to traditional feedback methods in overall performance.
Understanding meditation and technology use

This paper presents findings emerging from an ethnographic study of meditators and meditation communities. The research goal is to explore decisions people engaging with meditation principles and practices make about technology use in everyday life, and why, in order to inform HCI theory and design. Emergent themes focus on how video chat is used for meditation, tensions around tracking meditation, information practices indirectly supporting meditation, and the quality of remote meditation teaching.
Physicochemical interactions of the isomers of aminobenzoic acid with sodium acetate in solid-matrix room-temperature luminescence spectroscopy

The room-temperature fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence quantum yields of the isomers of aminobenzoic acid adsorbed on sodium acetate were obtained. These data were correlated with solution fluorescence data and diffuse reflectance infrared spectral data from the three isomers. The results yielded insights into the bonding interactions of the aminobenzoic acid isomers with sodium acetate. In particular, the specific structural and bonding characteristics of the isomers with sodium acetate were very important in determining whether a high room-temperature phosphorescence quantum yield would be obtained from a given isomer.
Let's look at the cockpit: exploring mobile eye-tracking for observational research on the flight deck

As part of our research on multimodal analysis and visualization of activity dynamics, we are exploring the integration of data produced by a variety of sensor technologies within ChronoViz, a tool aimed at supporting the simultaneous visualization of multiple streams of time series data. This paper reports on the integration of a mobile eye-tracking system with data streams collected from HD video cameras, microphones, digital pens, and simulation environments. We focus on the challenging environment of the commercial airline flight deck, analyzing the use of mobile eye tracking systems in aviation human factors and reporting on techniques and methods that can be applied in this and other domains in order to successfully collect, analyze and visualize eye-tracking data in combination with the array of data types supported by ChronoViz.
The effects of physical abuse on pregnancy outcomes in a low-risk obstetric population.

Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of physical abuse on pregnancy outcomes. Study Design: This prospective investigation identified all women seen in the outpatient obstetric clinic with a history of physical abuse and matched each with the next 2 women seen without a history of physical abuse (case/control ratio, 1:2). Results: Twenty-eight abused women were matched with 56 control subjects. The frequencies of preterm birth, mode of delivery, Apgar scores <7 at 5 minutes, umbilical artery pH <7.10 at birth, and unhappy or ambivalent feelings about the pregnancy were not statistically different between the 2 groups. Admission to the neonatal intensive care unit was more common among infants of the abused women (n = 4 [14.2%] vs n = 2 [3.6%]), despite heavier birth weights in the abused group (3501 ± 581 g vs 3200 ± 549 g; P = .023), but this trend did not reach significance. Conclusion: A history of physical abuse did not result in adverse pregnancy outcomes, although neonatal intensive care unit admission was more likely. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:1067-9.)