cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Equine Science Society: From the 1st to the 25th Symposium

Abstract In 1968, the group currently known as the Equine Science Society hosted its first symposium. At the meeting, there were 27 participants representing about a dozen institutions and 23 research presentations were given. In 2017, the Society is hosting its 25 th Symposium and will have over 200 presentations from individuals representing about 120 institutions. Throughout the history of the Society, the objectives have been to promote quality equine research, establish communication amongst those involved with equine research, teaching, extension, and production, conduct periodic symposia, and cooperate with other organizations having similar interests.
Interventions To Increase Trait Appreciation of Beauty

In a 12-week long action research quasi-experimental design, aimed at increasing trait levels of appreciation of beauty, a quasi-experimental group participated in a three credit senior undergraduate college course focused on providing participants with experiences of beauty: natural beauty, artistic beauty, moral beauty, and beautiful ideas. Results indicated that the members of the quasi-experimental group significantly (p=.002) increased their levels of the trait of appreciation beauty compared to a comparison group, and with a large effect size (d=.85). Only one other empirical study demonstrating overall trait changes in appreciation of beauty, possibly due to intentional intervention, has been published. This is the first study to report an intervention that may have significantly (p=.05) increased the trait of appreciation of artistic beauty (medium effect size, d=.53) and the trait of appreciation of beautiful ideas (p = .05, medium effect sized = .76).
Atomistic Simulation of the Rate-Dependent Ductile-to-Brittle Failure Transition in Bicrystalline Metal Nanowires

The mechanical properties and plastic deformation mechanisms of metal nanowires have been studied intensely for many years. One of the important yet unresolved challenges in this field is to bridge the gap in properties and deformation mechanisms reported for slow strain rate experiments (∼10–2 s–1), and high strain rate molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (∼108 s–1) such that a complete understanding of strain rate effects on mechanical deformation and plasticity can be obtained. In this work, we use long time scale atomistic modeling based on potential energy surface exploration to elucidate the atomistic mechanisms governing a strain-rate-dependent incipient plasticity and yielding transition for face centered cubic (FCC) copper and silver nanowires. The transition occurs for both metals with both pristine and rough surfaces for all computationally accessible diameters (<10 nm). We find that the yield transition is induced by a transition in the incipient plastic event from Shockley partials nucleated ...
Comparing cigarette and e-cigarette dependence and predicting frequency of smoking and e-cigarette use in dual-users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes.

Abstract Introduction The 4-item Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Nicotine Dependence Item Bank is a psychometrically sound measure for assessing cigarette (PROMIS) and e-cigarette dependence (PROMIS-E). We evaluated whether dual-users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes self-report experiencing different levels of dependence on each product. We subsequently examined whether cigarette and e-cigarette dependence are associated with the frequency of using each product in dual-users. Methods Dual-users completed an online survey in Summer 2017 (n = 326; 49.7% male, 85.3% White, mean age 38.17 [13.08] years). Measurement invariance of the PROMIS and PROMIS-E was evaluated. Mean differences in cigarette and e-cigarette dependence then were examined. The correlation between cigarette and e-cigarette dependence also was examined. Finally, one-way MANOVA was used to evaluate how cigarette and e-cigarette dependence relate to past-month frequency of e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking. Results The PROMIS and the PROMIS-E were scalar measurement invariant, and, on average, dual-users reported stronger dependence on cigarettes than on e-cigarettes. Cigarette and e-cigarette dependence were related, yet distinct constructs (r = 0.35), suggesting that dual-users can discriminate between dependence on each product. Stronger cigarette dependence predicted more frequent past-month smoking and less frequent past-month vaping. Stronger e-cigarette dependence predicted more frequent past-month vaping and less frequent smoking. Conclusions Overall, dual-users reported stronger dependence on cigarettes than on e-cigarettes. However, dependence on each product was associated with increased use of each respective product and with less frequent use of the other product. Future research using the PROMIS can evaluate how potential FDA regulations could reduce nicotine dependence across products.
Imaging Parathyroid and Neuroendocrine Tumors

Nuclear medicine studies have important roles in the evaluation and localization of the diverse group of endocrine and neuroendocrine tumors that includes tumors of the parathyroid glands, tumors originating in neural crest-derived cells in the sympathetic nervous system, and neuroendocrine tumors. Nuclear medicine evaluation of these tumors typically has relied on single-photon emitting radiopharmaceuticals. Parathyroid imaging most commonly is performed with 99mTc-sestamibi. Imaging of other neuroendocrine tumors typically has used radioiodinated (123I, 131I) meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and 111In-pentetreotide. There is a developing role for PET using 18F-FDG, as well as newer PET radiopharmaceuticals labeled with 18F, 11C, and 68Ga.
Implied Volatility in Models Without Moment Explosions

In this chapter, sharp asymptotic formulas for the implied volatility are established under the assumption that the moments of all positive (or all negative) orders of the asset price are finite. Such models are called asset price models without moment explosions. The chapter also discusses an asymptotic formula conjectured by V.V. Piterbarg. In an unpublished working paper, he formulated a formula that might replace R. Lee’s moment formula for large strikes in the environment of asset price models without moment explosions. It is shown in Chap. 11 that Piterbarg’s formula is valid in a slightly modified form, and that the original conjecture holds under very mild restrictions. Chapter 11 also provides numerous formulas describing the asymptotic behavior of the implied volatility in special models without moment explosions. The list of such models includes the displaced diffusion model, the constant elasticity of variance model, the finite moment log-stable model of P. Carr and L. Wu, and SV1 and SV2 models developed by L.C.G. Rogers and L.A.M. Veraart.
Sensitivity by Perturbation

When detailed mathematical equations for a process are not available or are intractable, we can often use a perturbation method to help determine sensitivities—critical aspects required for uncertainty propagation. This chapter introduces and demonstrates the concept of perturbation which can be used for an existing process by a real experiment, or by numerical modelling if there is a computer simulation of the process.
Produktionscockpit 4.0 als Shop-floor Management der Zukunft

Kurzfassung Durch die Digitalisierung ausgeloste Entwicklungen verandern auch Umfeld und Funktionen von Fuhrungskraften in der Produktion. Ein integriertes Produktionscockpit bietet die beste Mogli...
Analytical Modeling of Multi-sectioned Bi-stable Composites: Stiffness Variability and Embeddability

Abstract Multi-stable composite laminates have been widely investigated for morphing applications due to distinct geometrical characteristics about each stable configuration. Recently, a mechanism for realizing on-demand stiffness adaptation in compliant structures has been proposed exploiting the stiffness variation from switching between the stable states of embedded bi-stable laminates. This allows for reducing the coupling between loading and morphing deformation modes , broadening the overall design space for morphing structures . However, the design of such embeddable laminates requires the study of multiple lamination domains to allow embedding within larger compliant structures. This process is currently done by computationally expensive simulations. We present an analytical model to predict the stable shapes and structural characteristics of multi-section, multi-stable composite laminates subject to two clamped boundary conditions. The analysis is conducted employing the Rayleigh-Ritz method using polynomial approximations of the displacement fields. The structural characteristics are predicted while constraining the laminate edges, thus extending previous models designed to account mainly for free edge boundary conditions. Our model is subsequently applied to explore the design space for characterizing the stability and variable stiffness properties of two different classes of bi-stable laminates. The presented model allows for the efficient design of multi-stable laminates embeddable within compliant structures.
Elephants Never Forget, but Museums Do: Investigating Under-documented Objects in Museum Collections

This article addresses the urgent need for better documentation in museum collections. The stories behind museum objects are being lost every day, as books go out of print and staff members retire;...
Field-effect tunable epsilon-near-zero perfect absorbers

Perfect absorption due to excitation of bound and radiative modes in ultrathin epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) conducting oxide multilayers is demonstrated. Multilayer absorbers with 8-nm-thin ENZ layers absorb > 95% of light in 1-1.5 μm wave-length range. Absorption wavelength tuning via field-effect dynamic is discussed.
A Role for Survivin in Enucleation of Erythroid Progenitors.

Enucleation is the final step in the development of reticulocytes and this process is unique to mammalian red blood cells among vertebrates. Even though enucleation of erythroblasts was structurally studied by electron microscopy half a century ago, little is known about the underlying mechanism. Initially it was thought that enucleation involved degradation of DNA and other apoptotic processes. More recently it has been shown that enucleation of erythroid progenitors does not require major apoptotic machinery including caspase-3 activation (Krauss et al, 2005; Yoshida et al, 2005). Alternatively, it has been suggested that enucleation in erythroblasts is a result of asymmetric cytokinesis. In support of this later model, survivin, a regulator of chromosomal segregation and cytokinesis, which also has an anti apoptotic role, is highly expressed in orthochromatic erythroblasts, cells at the stage of differentiation just prior to enucleation (Gurbuxani et al, 2005). Moreover conditional heterozygous deletion of survivin in hematopoietic cells caused a decrease in enucleated cells in the spleen (Leung et al, 2007). This has led us to hypothesize that survivin has a role in enucleation of erythroblasts. To test this prediction, we first over expressed survivin in MEL (murine erythroleukemia) cells and then subjected them to DMSO induced differentiation. Normally MEL cells decrease their survivin expression level upon differentiation and at the same time undergo limited enucleation (
Mild or Moderate Covid-19.

Key Clinical Points Mild or Moderate Covid-19 Covid-19 (the illness caused by SARS-CoV-2) has a range of clinical manifestations, including cough, fever, malaise, myalgias, gastrointestinal symptom...
Chapter Eight – Chaos

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the appearance limiting behaviour of orbits with simple examples. The chapter explains that the equilibria are actually unstable and that the orbits encircle one of them a number of times before switching suddenly to encircle the other equilibrium where it oscillates for awhile before again switching rapidly back about the original point. The equations are an approximate description of the motion of a fluid in a horizontal layer which is heated from below. The cooler fluid at the top of the layer is denser than the warmer part at the bottom. The stable three-cycle does not come about from a bifurcation of previously unstable points but truly new cycles are formed by virtue of the up and down movement of the hills and valleys of f(3). It is known from probability theory that except for a set of initial b of measure zero, every binary expansion of b can be realized as a succession of tosses of a fair coin in which heads are indicated by a zero and tails by unity.
Mesenchymal Tumors of the Lung

The mesenchymal tumors of the lung consist of a variety of neoplasms that originate from cells of mesenchymal origin, including endothelium, muscle, fibroblasts, cartilage/bone. The tumors with these pathologic features are most commonly seen in the lung as metastatic lesions from sarcomas elsewhere in the body. However, there are examples of primary mesenchymal tumors in the lung that are important to recognize. The most important of these are listed below. Of note, lymphangioleiomyomatosis was previously considered an interstitial lung disease, but most recent studies have shown it to be a neoplasm arising from the perivascular epithelioid cells (PECs) of the lung and is appropriately included in this chapter.
Streamlining genetic testing for women with ovarian cancer in a Northern California health care system

Abstract Objective Referral to Genetics for pre-testing counseling may be inefficient for women with ovarian cancer. This study assesses feasibility of gynecologic oncologists directly offering genetic testing. Methods A prospective pilot study was conducted at two gynecologic oncology hubs in an integrated healthcare system from May 1 to November 6, 2019. Gynecologic oncologists offered multigene panel testing to women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer, followed by selective genetic counseling. Outcomes were compared between study participants and women from other hubs in the health system. Results Of ovarian cancer patients at study sites, 40 participated and all underwent genetic testing. Of 101 patients diagnosed at other sites, 85% were referred to genetics (p = .0061 compared to pilot participants) and 67% completed testing (p Conclusion Genetic testing performed at the gynecologic oncology point of care for patients with ovarian cancer is feasible, increases uptake of testing, and improves time to results.
Bedside angiography of distal perfusion catheter for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation:

Background:The aim of this study was to evaluate the ipsilateral lower extremity (ILE) outcomes of patients who underwent bedside angiography via the distal perfusion catheter while on femoral veno...
Surgical Techniques: Endovascular Intervention for Arterial Thoracic outlet Syndrome

Despite extensive use of endovascular therapy in modern day vascular care, the use of thrombolysis and/or stenting is still seldom employed in the treatment of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (ATOS). Given the primary extrinsic compression that is central to the pathology of this disorder, surgical decompression is absolutely critical. Thrombolysis can serve as a helpful primary treatment or adjunctive treatment for patients presenting with acute limb ischemia from embolizing plaque, post-stenotic dilatation with thrombus, or subclavian artery aneurysm with thrombus due to subclavian artery compression. Overall, there is significant lack of data and clinical efficacy to guide aggressive primary endovascular treatment in ATOS.
Christopher Bigsby. Staging America: Twenty-First Century Dramatists

Staging America is a celebration and exploration of eight American playwrights whose careers all began in the twenty-first century. It is aimed at scholars, students, and theatregoers who are inter...
Demonstration of a compact, multi-joule, diode-pumped Tm:YLF laser

We report the demonstration of a diode-pumped Tm:YLF laser operating at 1.88 µm that produces pulse energies up to 3.88 J in 20 ns. The compact system consists of a Q-switched cavity-dumped oscillator generating 18 mJ pulses, which are then amplified in a four-pass power amplifier. Energies up to 38.1 J were obtained with long-pulse amplifier operation. These results illustrate the high energy storage and extraction capabilities of diode-pumped Tm:YLF, opening the path to high peak and average power mid-infrared solid-state lasers.
Severe acquired subglottic stenosis in children: analysis of clinical features and surgical outcomes based on the range of stenosis

The present study analyzed the clinical features and surgical outcomes of laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) in pediatric patients with severe acquired subglottic stenosis (SGS) based on the range of stenosis. The aim was to clarify the indications for LTR in severe acquired SGS. The medical records of 33 pediatric patients with severe acquired SGS (Myer-Cotton grade III or IV) at our institution between January 1994 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Nine patients had stenosis localized at the subglottis (localized SGS), and twenty-four patients had stenosis extending to the glottis or supraglottis from the subglottis (extended SGS). 66.7 % (6/9) of localized SGS patients were intubated after infancy, and 95.8 % (22/23) of extended SGS patients were intubated in the neonatal period. The duration of intubation was significantly shorter with localized than with extended SGS. Sixteen patients underwent LTR. The operation-specific decannulation rate was 80.0 % (4/5) in the localized SGS group and 14.3 % (1/7) in the extended SGS group. The range of stenosis was affected by the period and duration of endotracheal intubation. Surgical outcomes of LTR tended to differ between localized SGS and extended SGS. LTR can be effective for localized SGS.
Studies on the isolation of lymphocytes active in cell-mediated immune responses: I. Demonstration of an active population of thymus-derived cells in mouse bone marrow

Abstract Mouse bone marrow was fractionated on discontinuous bovine serum albumin gradients and ten subpopulations of cells were recovered. A graft-versus-host (GVH) assay was used to assess the cell-bound, immune potential of these groups of cells. Dose response studies showed that unfractionated marrow cells would produce a significant splenic enlargement in test animals, but was markedly inferior to spleen or lymph node lymphocytes. The virulence of the marrow cells could be brought to a par with other peripheral lymphoid cells by the fractionation procedure which yielded at least two functional cell types. Fractions 1–5, the larger less dense cells, were inert at all dose ranges and comprised 80% of the total cell number. Fractions 6–10 were equal to cells from spleen and lymph nodes in their GVH activity. The dose response studies help to rule out this activity as being a function of peripatetic lymphocytes. The mouse bone marrow, therefore, was concluded to be on the route of recirculation of, and a domicile of, small long-lived thymus-derived lymphocytes.
Chemical Synthesis of Δ7,24-[3α-3H]Cholestadien-3β-ol and Its Conversion to Cholesterol in the Rat

Abstract Δ7,24-[3α-3H]Cholestadien-3β-ol was synthesized by catalytic hydrogenation of Δ5,7,24-[3α-3H]cholestatrien-3β-ol. The elemental composition was proved correct by high resolution mass spectrometry. The mass spectrum of Δ7,24-[3α-3H]cholestadien-3β-ol was compared with the spectra of Δ5- and Δ7-cholesten-3β-ol and Δ5,24-cholestadien-3β-ol. The infrared spectrum of synthetic Δ7,24-[3α-3H]-cholestadien-3β-ol is compatible with that of the biological sterol. Their metabolic behavior is also similar.
Hierarchical metadata driven view selection for spatial query evaluations

A spatial data warehouse (SDW) is constructed to support the spatial data analysis for decision support purposes. Selectively materializing spatial views to rewrite input queries and thus reduce query response time is a challenging issue for spatial query evaluations. In this paper, we first investigate the issue of using spatial metadata to construct a spatial view dependency framework, which implies an order to materialize views. We then propose a cost model to evaluate the cost for processing spatial queries, which measures the online computation vs. space cost for spatial queries. A greedy algorithm is introduced to materialize a set of views based on the view dependence framework with associated cost value at each dependence level, which shows the local cost optimality of designing an SDW.
The Guatemala earthquake of 1816 on the Chixoy-Polochic fault

Abstract Forty historical documents have been found which describe a previously unknown very large earthquake on 22 July 1816. This event occurred along the strike-slip boundary between the Caribbean and North American plates in Guatemala and southern Mexico. Modified Mercalli intensities are estimated from these accounts, and a rough isoseismal map is constructed. The damage pattern indicates that the causative fault was the left-lateral Chixoy-Polochic fault for which no damaging earthquake has previously been reported. Damage of Modified Mercalli intensity VII or greater covered an area of at least 13,000 km 2 , extending over 340 km from Alta Verapaz province in Guatemala westward to San Cristobal Ias Casas, in Chiapas, Mexico. The area of intensity VII indicates a moment of 1 × 10 28 dyne-cm, while the estimated length of the intensity VII isoseismal indicates a more likely figure of 3.5 × 10 27 dyne-cm, or an equivalent magnitude ( M w ) of 7 1 2 to 7 3 4 . The reported aftershock sequence is compatible with an earthquake in this magnitude range. These data demonstrate that the Chixoy-Polochic fault is currently an active part of the Caribbean-North American plate boundary and is capable of producing very large earthquakes.
First- and Second-Generation School Segregation and the Maintenance of Educational Inequality

Public education in most contemporary ethnically and racially plural societies stratifies opportunities to learn by students’ social class and ethnic origins. The organisation of public education in racially and/or ethnically plural societies contributes to both the transformation and reproduction of the social order. During the last century, because access to public education has been expanded broadly to previously excluded sectors of society, two competing trends have emerged: greater access to public education supporting the transformation of individuals and society, and the resilience of race, gender, and social class hierarchies as new forms of social and educational privilege emerge to replace older ones.
Precise characterization of renal parenchymal response to single and multiple cryoablation probes.

Purpose: We characterized the size and shape of the ablated area, and the surrounding indeterminate zone associated with renal cryolesions produced by single and multiple cryoablation probe configurations in a porcine model. Materials and Methods: Laparoscopic cryoablation, consisting of 2, 10-minute double freeze cycles followed by a 3-minute active thaw, was performed in 18 pigs. Three groups of 6 pigs each were studied, including a single IceRod™, 3 rods arranged in a triangular configuration 2 cm apart from each other and 4 rods arranged in a quadratic configuration 2 cm from each other. Cryoablated kidneys were harvested after 14 days for histopathological evaluation. Results: The mean diameter of the area of complete ablation produced by a 1, 3 and 4 rod configuration 1 cm from the tip of the rod was 2.0, 4.4 and 4.9 cm, respectively. Cryolesions were elliptical with 1 cryoablation probe and in the 3 and 4 rod configurations they conformed to triangular and quadratic cross-sectional shapes, respectively. In the zone, ablation a single small focus of peri-arteriolar renal cell viability was noted less than 1 mm from the edge of the cryolesion in 1 of the 18 cryolesions. Otherwise no viable renal cells were detected. Conclusions: Multirod configurations can be used with templates to space cryoablation probes 2 cm apart from each other with reliable and complete ablation overlap between the rods. However, around larger blood vessels the ice ball must be extended to a larger margin to ensure complete tissue ablation.
TH‐C‐103‐03: Iterative CT Reconstruction Via Minimizing Adaptively Reweighted Total Variation

Purpose: Iterative reconstruction via total variation (TV) minimization has demonstrated great successes in accurate CT imaging from under‐sampled projections. When projections are further reduced, over‐smoothing artifacts appear in the current reconstruction especially around the structure boundaries. We propose a practical algorithm to improve TV‐minimization based CT reconstruction on very few projection data. Methods: The L‐0 norm approach is more desirable from the perfective of further reducing the projection views. To overcome the computational difficulty of the non‐convex optimization of the L‐0 norm, we implement an adaptive weighting scheme to approximate the solution via a series of TV minimizations for practical use in CT reconstruction. The weight on TV is initialized as uniform ones, and is adaptively changed based on the gradient of the reconstructed image from the previous iteration. The iteration stops when a small difference between the weighted TV values is observed on two consecutive reconstructed images. Results: On the digital Shepp‐Logan phantom, the proposed method reduces reconstruction errors in the conventional TV minimization from 7.3% to 1.4% with 20 projections, and from 25% to 6.5% with 15 projections. With 20 projections on the Catphan600 phantom, our method reduces contrast errors in the ROIs from 45 HU to 6 HU. The rise width at the object edges in the image is also reduced by 40%, showing a substantial image resolution improvement. Conclusion: By adaptively reweighting TV in iterative CT reconstruction, we successfully further reduce the projection number for the same or better image quality. The technique is attractive in the applications of CT reconstruction on a small size of projection data.
Atomic resolution structure of Erwinia chrysanthemi L-asparaginase

An X-ray structure of l-asparaginase from Erwinia chrysanthemi (ErA) has been refined at 1 A resolution to an R factor of below 0.1, using data collected on a synchrotron source. With four molecules of the enzyme consisting of 327 amino acids each, this crystal contains one of the largest asymmetric units of a protein refined to date at atomic resolution. Previously, structures of ErA and of related enzymes from other bacterial sources have been refined at resolutions not exceeding 1.7 A; thus, the present structure represents a very significant improvement in the quality of the available models of these proteins and should provide a good basis for future studies of the conformational variability of proteins, identification of subtle conformational features and corroboration of the stereochemical libraries, amongst other things. l-Asparaginases, which are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of l-asparagine to aspartic acid, have been used for over 30 y as therapeutic agents in the treatment of acute childhood lymphoblastic leukemia, although the details of the enzymatic reaction and substrate specificity have not yet been completely elucidated. This atomic resolution structure is a step in that direction.
Sensitivity Calculations for Poisson's Equation via the Adjoint Field Method

Adjoint field methods are both elegant and efficient for calculating sensitivity information required across a wide range of physics-based inverse problems. In this letter, we provide a unified approach to the derivation of such methods for problems whose physics are provided by Poisson's equation. Unlike existing approaches in the literature, we consider in detail and explicitly the role of general boundary conditions in the derivation of the associated adjoint-field-based sensitivities. We highlight the relationship between the adjoint field computations required for both gradient decent and Gauss-Newton approaches to image formation. Our derivation is based on standard results from vector calculus coupled with transparent manipulation of the underlying partial different equations, thereby making the concepts employed in this letter easily adaptable to other systems of interest.
Information systems outsourcing relationship factors: detailed conceptualization and initial evidence

Outsourcing is now a commonly accepted means of meeting organizational IS needs. One facet of recent outsourcing research has begun to concentrate on the relationship between customers and their service providers. However, this line of research is hampered by a lack of consistent conceptual focus, and a corresponding inconsistent treatment of constructs associated with the relationship. This paper uses Relational Exchange Theory as a conceptual basis for identifying the individual constructs that comprise a relationship. It then develops and tests a set of items to measure those constructs, using structural equation modeling and survey data collected from U.S. outsourcing customers.
Pyoderma gangrenosum, altered delayed hypersensitivity and polyarthritis.

Four patients with pyoderma gangrenosum were found to have an abnormality of delayed hypersensitivity that was characterized by cutaneous anergy and dissociation between macrophage inhibitory factor production and blastogenic response in vitro. Three of these four patients had a rheumatoid-like polyarthritis. One patient responded to conservative therapy but three required high doses of corticosteroids for healing of the ulcers.
Valence-band-offset controversy in HgTe/CdTe superlattices: A possible resolution.

The valence-band-offset controversy in HgTe/CdTe superlattices can be simply resolved. It is shown that, while the superlattice becomes semimetallic with increasing valence-band offset, it reverts to semiconducting behavior as the offset is increased yet further. The observed electron-cyclotron mass and the band gap can be better explained for the offset of 350 meV measured by photoemission than for the smaller offset \ensuremath{\sim}40 meV which coincidentally is also in fair agreement with the magneto-optical data.
The words protist and Protista.

Les auteurs estiment que l'on devrait employer les mots «Protiste» et «Protista» a peu pres dans le sens originel deHaeckel (1866) — c'est-a-dire pour l'ensemble Bacteries, Algues, Champignons, et Protozoaires — et ne pas en exclure ni les Bacteries ni les Algues bleuesvertes comme l'a faitCopeland en 1938. Dans ces conditions, l'on peut distinguer trois categories de Protistes: lesMoneres, ouProtistes inferieurs (Bacteries et Algues bleues-vertes), lesMesoprotistes, ouProtistes intermediaires (Algues rouges), et lesMetaprotistes, ouProtistes superieurs (la plupart des Algues, les Champignons, et les Protozoaires).
Laparoscopic cystogastrostomy for the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts in children

Pancreatic pseudocysts (PPSs) are common sequelae of pancreatitis and pancreatic trauma. The management is based upon the pseudocyst size and presence of symptoms. Those requiring intervention are often drained using several available options. The use of laparoscopic cystogastrostomy for large and recurrent PPSs has been described in adult patients as a less morbid alternative to open drainage procedures. This technique is considered a novel approach in children. We describe 2 children who had PPSs amenable to laparoscopic cystogastrostomy. The first was an 11-year-old girl who had blunt abdominal trauma from a bicycle handlebar. The second patient was a 7-year-old girl who developed idiopathic pancreatitis. Briefly, 2 ports were placed through the anterior abdominal and gastric walls, and into the lumen of the stomach. This intraluminal placement provided access to the posterior gastric wall. Using electrocautery diathermy, an incision was made through the posterior gastric wall and into the adjacent pseudocyst to obtain complete and unobstructed drainage. Both children tolerated the procedures well with resolution of their PPSs. The patients were each discharged on the fourth postoperative day and have been asymptomatic on 2 years follow-up. Laparoscopic cystogastrostomy is a safe and effective alternative to open cystogastrostomy for the minimally invasive management of PPSs in the pediatric population.
Two-Parameter SVD: Coalescing Singular Values and Periodicity

We consider matrix valued functions of two parameters in a simply connected region $\Omega$. We propose a new criterion to detect when such functions have coalescing singular values. For generic coalescings, the singular values come together in a “double cone”-like intersection. We relate the existence of any such singularity to the periodic structure of the orthogonal factors in the singular value decomposition of the one-parameter matrix function obtained restricting to closed loops in $\Omega$. Our theoretical result is very amenable to approximate numerically the location of the singularities.
Peru : Economic Policies and Structural Change, 1968 –1978

For five surprising years, from 1968 to 1973, Peru achieved the near miracle of social reform combined with good economic growth. As if in revenge, the classic catastrophes that have plagued so many Latin American countries when they have tried to move in new directions then surged up to stop the process: a foreign exchange crisis, accelerating inflation, paralysed growth, rising unemployment, and intensified social conflict. Was all this necessary? What might have been done better? And what might be done now to resume growth without further taking apart the reforms?
Max Weber's Verstehen

WEBER, like all other scholars in social science who are justifiably dignified with the label "great," was concerned with the construction of a conceptual scheme oriented toward the explanation of the nature and the determinants of social conduct. Thus, Weber conceived of sociology as the science with the task of "the interpretive understanding of social action in order thereby to arrive at a causal explanation of its course and effects." 1 Social action, to Weber, meant action on the part of individuals participating in social relationships. According to Weber, "interpretative sociology considers the individual and his actions as the basic social unit," and he felt that the task of sociology was "to reduce [certain categories of human interaction] to 'understandable' action." 2 Social action, in the Weberian sense, is distinguished from mere behavior. Action which is oriented toward inanimate objects, for example, does not qualify. Action is "only social if, and then only in so far as, it takes account of the behavior of someone else." " Further, action involves more than mere contact of individuals. Being jostled about by people in a crowded department store does not, according to Weber, constitute social action. Action of a social character "is confined to cases where the actor's behavior is meaningfully oriented to that of others." In short, behavior which is intentional, and which is oriented toward the behavior of other human beings qualifies as social behavior.5 Intentional behavior, meaningful behavior, and subjectively understandable behavior are, all three, synonymous with regard to
Relationships Among Religiousness, Spirituality, and Health for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

Objective: To examine the relationships among spirituality, religiosity, physical health, and mental health for individuals with SCI. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of 25 individuals with SCI and 31 healthy controls using the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS) and the Medical Outcomes Scale-Short Form 36 (SF-36). Results: Individuals with SCI reported receiving statistically significantly more congregational support than the health control group, with nonstatistical trends toward being more religious/spiritual for all BMMRS variables. For individuals with SCI, the SF-36 General Mental Health Scale was significantly correlated with only the BMMRS Religious Support scale (r = .73, p < .01). No BMMRS scales were significantly correlated with the SF-36 General Health scale for persons with SCI. Conclusions: Individuals with SCI appear to use congregationally based social support to help them adjust psychologically to their disabilities. Religious activities (e.g., prayer, s...
Facilitated binding of TATA-binding protein to nucleosomal DNA

BINDING of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) to the TATA box is required for transcription from many eukaryotic promoters in gene expression. Regulation of this binding is therefore likely to be an important determinant of promoter activity. Incorporation of the TATA sequence into nucleosomes dramatically reduces transcription initiation, presumably because of stereochemical constraints on binding of general transcription factors. Biochemical and genetic studies imply that cellular factors such as yeast SWI/SNF are required for activator function and might alter chromatin structure. One step that could be regulated during the activation process is TBP binding in chromatin 12, 13. We show here that binding of TBP to the TATA sequence is severely inhibited by incorporation of this sequence into a nucleosome. Inhibition can be overcome by ATP-dependent alterations in nucleosomal DNA structure mediated by hSWI/SNF, a putative human homologue of the yeast SWI/SNF complex. Additionally, the orientation of the TATA sequence relative to the surface of the histone core affects the access of TBP. We propose that the dynamic remodelling of chromatin structure to allow TBP binding is a key step in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression.
A challenge to Watson

Abstract Watson's Jeopardy victory raises the question of the similarity of artificial intelligence and human intelligence. Those of us who study human intelligence issue a challenge to the artificial intelligence community. We will construct a unique battery of tests for any computer that would provide an actual IQ score for the computer. This is the same challenge that humans face when they take an IQ test. The challenge has two levels. In the first, programmers could supply data and post hoc organizational algorithms to the computer. In the second, all algorithms would have to be provided before data are supplied and information would have to be self organizing as it is in humans.
a Concept of Mass as a Statistical Intensive Parameter

The electron mass is an intensive parameter on the distribution of formation intervals. The distribution is determined via a bridge connection defined by vectors existing across both parts of a direct product of such intervals. Particle mass and creation neutrinos form together. When mass exits coordinates are defined: mass and coordinates appear together. Bridge operators are determined for Maxwell, Einstein, and scale fields. Heavy particles are formed in an analogous way by putting them in groups.
Science for Early Adolescence Teachers (Science FEAT): A Program for Research and Learning.

This article is based on a paper which received the “Innovations in Teaching Science Teachers” award at the 1995 meeting of the Association for the Education of Teachers in Science. The award is made possible by Delta Education.
Leptomeningeal Metastasis from Appendiceal Adenocarcinoma: Case Report and Literature Review

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC) occurs in about 3–5% of patients with cancer. The most common malignancies associated with LC are lung and breast cancers, melanoma, and hematologic malignancies [1]. LC from gastrointestinal cancers is generally rare. Primary carcinoma of the appendix is very rare, and its incidence has been estimated to be around 0.12 cases per million annually, and invasive adenocarcinomas account for 4–6% of all appendiceal neoplasms [1, 2]. The most reported locations for metastasis in appendiceal adenocarcinoma are regional lymph nodes, peritoneum, ovary, colon, and liver [3]. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no report of leptomeningeal metastasis due to appendiceal adenocarcinoma in the literature thus far. Case Report
FAN V/STOL AIRCRAFT

Hovering fan powered V/STOL aircraft effects on objects on ground, discussing related dust and debris problems
The Location of the Maximum Temperature on the Cutting Edges of a Drill

This study analyzes the temperature profile along the cutting edges of a drill and describes how the temperature on the chisel edge can exceed the temperature on the primary cutting edges. A finite element model predicts the temperature distribution in the drill, where the heat flux loads applied to the finite element model are determined from analytical equations. The model for the heat flux loads considers both the heat generated on the shear plane and the heat generated on the rake face of the tool to determine the amount of heat flowing into the tool on each segment of the cutting edges. Contrary to the conventional belief that the maximum temperature occurs near the outer corner of the drill, the model predicts that the maximum temperature occurs on the chisel edge, which is consistent with experimental measurements of the temperature profile.
Shatter-cone Orientation at Sudbury, Canada

SHATTER-CONING, a unique type of conical fracturing, appears to be a criterion for shock-induced over-pressures in rock. As such, they have been useful in identifying presumed astroblemes (ancient meteorite impact scars)1. So far, about eight shatter-coned structures have been identified around the world1. A good analysis of shatter-coning has recently been made by Short2.
Hematology in developing guinea pigs—II chronic exposure to 5°C

1. 1. Weanling male guinea pigs were exposed for up to 18 weeks in environmental chambers to 5°C and an ambient Po2 of 133 torr before sacrifice (range of BW at 5°C = 239−1,074 g). Growth rates of animals raised at 5°C were not significantly different from animals maintained at 22°C. Hematological measurements were made on each animal, including hematocrit, [Hb], RBC indices, WBC differentials, and the molar ratio of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) to Hb. 2. 2. Cold exposure results in significant (P < 0.001) increases of 6–12% in Hct and [Hb], due to greater No. RBC's, compared to controls of similar BW. Within 2 weeks of exposure to 5°C, the 2,3-DPG/Hb ratio rose transiently to 1.84 M/M, and then was constant at about 1.40 M/M in animals exposed to 5°C for longer times. When compared to values for adult controls of 0.92 M/M, such an increase in the 2,3-DPG/Hb ratio would increase the P50 of blood from cold acclimated guinea pigs by 5–6 torr. 3. 3. The significant increases over control values in circulating [Hb] and in 2,3-DPG would substantially improve tissue O2 delivery in cold acclimated guinea pigs, by facilitating the transport and unloading of O2.
Demonstration of Multiple Transporters for Cyst(e)ine Uptake in Type II Pneumocytes. ▴ 2311

Demonstration of Multiple Transporters for Cyst(e)ine Uptake in Type II Pneumocytes. ▴ 2311
The Magnetic Susceptibility of Oxygen, Hydrogen and Helium

The method used was that of balancing the gas magnetically against an aqueous solution of nickel chloride. By varying the concentration of the solution it could be given a susceptibility approximately the same as that of the gas; then by varying the pressure of the gas or the temperature of the gas and solution, both could be given the same susceptibility. A manometric balance of great sensitivity enabled the observer to tell when the susceptibilities of the gas and the solution were the same. For both paramagnetic and diamagnetic gases, formulas are derived from which the susceptibility may be calculated from pressure and temperature observations on the gas when it is magnetically neutral against the solution. The volume susceptibility under a pressure of one atmosphere at the temperature 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C was found to be +0.1447\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ for oxygen; -1.64\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ for hydrogen, and -0.81\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ for helium. The result found for helium is about 25 times less than T\"anzler's value, but when substituted in the formula derived by W. Pauli Jr. for the diamagnetic susceptibility of a monatomic gas, it yields a result bearing on the dimensions of the atom which is compatible with our knowledge obtained from other sources.
A single-inductor AC-DC piezoelectric energy-harvester/battery-charger IC converting ±(0.35 to 1.2V) to (2.7 to 4.5V)

Microscale integration constrains energy and the lifetime microsystems like wireless sensors and biomedical implants can achieve to impractical levels. Harnessing ambient vibration energy from a small piezoelectric transducer, however, can viably keep an otherwise exhaustible battery charged. The problem is rectifying unpredictably small ac signals (which are prevalent in small volumes and with weak vibrations [1]) whose peak voltages fall below the rectified output level targeted, requires low-loss [2]–[3], no-threshold rectifiers. To fulfill these necessities, quasi-lossless LC energy-transfer networks that precede [4] or follow [5] the rectifier can extract all the energy stored in the piezoelectric capacitance and therefore overcome the basic threshold-voltage limitation, except the rectifier and its controller's headroom and quiescent current nonetheless limit the input voltage range of the system and dissipate power. The harvester- charger presented here, however, whose power-train simulation results were first reported in [6], (i) eliminates the rectifier core and its headroom limit by steering the inductor energy directly into the battery and (ii) increases the electrical damping force against which vibrations work, inducing the transducer to source more power.
Trends and effects of energy proportionality on server provisioning in data centers

Cloud is the state-of-the-art back-end infrastructure for most large-scale web services. This paper studies what effect energy proportionality has on the energy savings of cloud data center management, under various equipment compositions and power densities. Our findings show that although it is a common expectation that improved energy proportionality should diminish the benefits of power management's server provisioning, this is not true in all cases. Results show that equipping server provisioning with thermal awareness can keep it as a useful technique when the data center exhibits power consumption heterogeneity and non-uniform heat recirculation phenomena.