cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Perinatal survival in cases of twin-twin transfusion syndrome complicated by selective intrauterine growth restriction.

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the impact of selective intrauterine growth restriction (SIUGR) on monochorionic multiples treated with selective laser photocoagulation of communicating vessels (SLPCVs) for twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).Methods: Perinatal survival was compared among TTTS patients with and without SIUGR. The TTTS + SIUGR group was defined as TTTS patients with donor twin weight <10th percentile. Multivariable logistic regression analyses identified factors associated with 30-day survival.Results: Of 369 patients, 65% (N = 241) had TTTS + SIUGR. Thirty-day donor twin survival for the TTTS-only group was 84% versus 75% in the TTTS + SIUGR group (p = 0.0348). Stage III donor involved (stage III donor, donor/recipient) TTTS + SIUGR patients (N = 110) had 66% 30-day donor survival. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated that the TTTS-only group was twice as likely to achieve donor survival compared to the TTTS + SIUGR group (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.11–3.66, p = 0.0214). In the TTTS + S...
Advanced chrome-free organic–inorganic hybrid pretreatments for aerospace aluminum alloy 2024-T3—application of novel bis-ureasil sol–gel precursors

Effective pretreatment of aluminum alloys is very critical to success of protective coating systems for aerospace applications. While chromate-based pretreatments have been very successful for corrosion protection, they have been a target for replacement due to the increasingly stricter regulatory requirements arising from toxicity and carcinogenic nature of Cr(VI) used in such pretreatments. Among many approaches to develop alternative systems, the organic–inorganic hybrid (OIH) coatings based on sol–gel technology has advanced rapidly. We have successfully developed OIH coating systems by using suitably tailored organosilane precursors and sol–gel processing conditions. A series of novel bis-ureasil precursors have been developed and employed as organic precursor of OIH systems. Statistical design of experimental methodology (DoE) has been used to study and optimize compositional and process parameters using multifactor analysis of variance (ANOVA) analysis method. The corrosion resistance study (Potentiodynamic polarization, salt-spray corrosion test) shows that by proper choice of sol–gel precursors, cross-linkers, and reaction conditions, very dense, adherent and protective hybrid coatings, comparable in performance to chromate-based ones, can be obtained for aerospace aluminum alloy 2024-T3.
Covering a nontaming knot by the unlink

There exists an open 3-manifold M and a simple closed curve y ⊂ M such that π 1 (M \ y) is infinitely generated, π 1 (M) is finitely generated and the preimage of y in the universal covering of M is equivalent to the standard locally finite set of vertical lines in R 3 , that is, the trivial link of infinitely many components in R 3 .
Modeling of linear isentropic flow systems

A modeling approach for linear isentropic flow systems based on the quasi-one-dimensional Euler equations of non-viscous, compressible flow are presented. Such systems are representative of certain high speed propulsion systems. Accurate models useful in control system studies are developed. A supersonic inlet is considered, and the resulting set of partial differential equations with boundary conditions is solved for a linear transfer matrix using Laplace transforms.
Postnatal Development of Serotonergic Innervation, 5-HT1A Receptor Expression, and 5-HT Responses in Rat Motoneurons

We compared the electrophysiological responses to serotonin (5-HT) of neonatal and juvenile rat hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs) by using intracellular recording techniques in a brainstem slice preparation. In neonatal HMs (≤P8), 5-HT caused a substantial decrease in the amplitude of spike afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that was associated with an increase in the minimal repetitive firing frequency ( F min). Previous work has shown that this effect of 5-HT was mediated by the 5-HT1A receptor and may be secondary to inhibition of N- and P/Q-type calcium channels. In contrast to results from neonates, we found that 5-HT did not inhibit the AHP in juvenile HMs (≥ P20). Application of a cocktail of calcium channel toxins (ω-Conotoxin-GVIA and ω-Agatoxin-IVA) to juvenile HMs substantially inhibited the AHP, indicating that calcium entry through N- and P/Q-type channels supports the AHP in juvenile HMs, as it does in neonates. In addition, intracellular injection of the long-lasting GTP analog GTPγS induced an agonist-independent increase in F min similar to that seen in neonates in the presence of 5-HT. Together, these results suggested that intracellular mechanisms downstream of the 5-HT1A receptor capable of inhibiting the AHP were intact in juvenile HMs. Therefore, we investigated the possibility that age-related changes in effects of 5-HT on the AHP resulted from altered expression of the 5-HT1A receptor. To this end, we performed ligand-binding autoradiography using [3H]8-OH-DPAT, a 5-HT1Aagonist, and in situ hybridization using radiolabeled oligonucleotide probes specific for the 5-HT1A receptor. The two approaches gave remarkably similar results. The highest levels of 5-HT1A receptor expression were found in neonatal HMs, with maximal binding and hybridization at approximately postnatal day 7 (P7) and only low levels of receptor expression by P28. Finally, immunohistochemistry for 5-HT revealed that these developmental changes in 5-HT1A receptor expression occurred coincident with a postnatal increase in serotonergic innervation of the hypoglossal nucleus (nXII). Together, these findings indicate that developmental changes occur in the serotonergic innervation of nXII and in the expression of 5-HT1A receptors in HMs during the early postnatal period, resulting in markedly different effects of 5-HT on firing behavior in neonatal and juvenile HMs.
Hatching Order and Seasonal Timing of Development Predict Bill Morphology of Nestling and Adult Lincoln's Sparrows

Abstract. Traits under strong directional or stabilizing selection can nonetheless vary considerably if the selective forces impinging on them vary in strength or direction. Although such variation is commonly manifested between unrelated individuals, some of the largest differences occur between siblings because of differences in their developmental experience. This is exemplified by the broods of altricial birds, in which asynchronous hatching produces a competitive hierarchy that influences an individual's developmental rate and fitness. Using Lincoln's Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii), I examined whether the order of hatching or the seasonal timing of development (another factor that influences offspring fitness and estimated as the date of initiation of the clutch from which an individual hatched) predicted variation in bill shape, a trait often under strong natural and sexual selection. I measured individuals as nestlings and as adults for a metric of bill shape (height/width) that is associated with a...
An improved probe sharpening technique (microelectronics failure analysis)

An electrochemical probe-sharpening technique with useful microelectronics applications is discussed. This technique was originally designed for scanning tunneling microscope tips. Probe tips produced by the technique are both sharp and strong. In addition, the tip radius is easily set by monitoring current flow during the etch, making it possible to automate the procedure. A circuit for this purpose is given. >
Multiple open channel states revealed by lidocaine and QX-314 on rat brain voltage-dependent sodium channels.

We have recently reported that brain sodium channels display periods with high (low-Kd) and low (high-Kd) levels of lidocaine-induced open channel block (Salazar, B.C., D.O. Flash, J.L. Walewski, and E. Recio-Pinto. 1995. Brain Res. 699:305-314). In the present study, we further characterize this phenomenon by studying the effects of the permanently charged lidocaine analogue, QX-314. We found that the detection of high- and low-Kd periods does not require the presence of the uncharged form of lidocaine. The level of block, for either period, at various QX-314 concentrations indicated the presence of a single local anesthetic binding site. Increasing the concentration of QX-314 decreased the lifetime of the high-Kd periods while it increased the lifetime of the low-Kd periods. These results could be best fitted to a model with two open channel conformations that display different local anesthetic Kd values (low and high Kd), and in which the channel area defining the local anesthetic Kd consists of multiple interacting regions. Amplitude distribution analysis showed that changes in the Kd values reflected changes in the kon rates, without changes in the koff rates. Both lidocaine and QX-314 were found to be incapable of blocking small-channel subconductance states (5-6 pS). Changes in the local anesthetic kon rates for blocking the fully open state and the lack of local anesthetic block of the small subconductance state are consistent with the presence of channel conformational changes involving the intracellular permeation pathway leading to the local anesthetic binding site.
THE X CHROMOSOMES OF MAMMALS: KARYOLOGICAL HOMOLOGY AS REVEALED BY BANDING TECHNIQUES

A comparison of the Giemsa-banding patterns of the X chromosomes in various mammalian species including man indicates that two major bands (A and B), which are resistant to trypsin and urea-treatments, are always present irrespective of the gross morphology of the X chromosomes. This is true in all mammalian species with the "original or standard type" X chromosomes (5–6% of the haploid genome) thus far analyzed. In the unusually large-sized X chromosomes the extra chromosomal material may be due either to the addition of genetically inert constitutive heterochromatin or to an X-autosome translocation. In these X chromosomes two major bands are present in the actual X-chromosome segment. Our data on C and G band patterns also support Ohno's hypothesis that the mammalian X chromosome is extremely conservative in its genetic content, in spite of its cytogenetic variability.
Extracellular traps and macrophages: new roles for the versatile phagocyte

MΦ are multipurpose phagocytes with a large repertoire of well-characterized abilities and functions, including regulation of inflammation, wound healing, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, as well as serving as an integral component of the innate-immune defense against microbial pathogens. Working along with neutrophils and dendritic cells, the other myeloid-derived professional phagocytes, MΦ are one of the key effector cells initiating and directing the host reaction to pathogenic organisms and resolving subsequent responses once the threat has been cleared. ETs are a relatively novel strategy of host defense involving expulsion of nuclear material and embedded proteins from immune cells to immobilize and kill bacteria, fungi, and viruses. As research on ETs expands, it has begun to encompass many immune cell types in unexpected ways, including various types of MΦ, which are not only capable of generating METs in response to various stimuli, but recent preclinical data suggest that they are an important agent in clearing ETs and limiting ET-mediated inflammation and tissue damage. This review aims to summarize historical and recent findings of biologic research regarding ET formation and function and discuss the role of MΦ in ET physiology and associated pathologies.
Cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase: an early defect in inherited retinal degeneration of C3H mice.

Cyclic nucleotides have been implicated in the differentiation and function of the vertebrate retina. In the normal retina of DBA mice, the specific activity of cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE), with cyclic-AMP as the substrate (cAMP-PDE), increases eightfold between the 6th and 20th postnatal day. Kinetic analysis of retinae from newborn mice reveals a PDE with a single Michaelis constant (Km) value for cyclic-AMP (low Km-PDE). After the 6th postnatal day, a second PDE with a high Km for cyclic-AMP (high Km-PDE) can be demonstrated. The appearance and increasing activity of the high Km-PDE coincides with the differentiation and growth of photoreceptor outer segments. Additionally, the high Km-PDE is shown by microchemical techniques to be concentrated in the photoreceptor cell layer and the low Km-PDE within the inner layers of the normal retina. In C3H mice afflicted with an inherited degeneration of the photoreceptor layer, the postnatal increase in the specific activity of cAMP-PDE is substantially lower than in the normal retina. The postnatal increase in the specific activity of cAMP-PDE in two regions of the brain of C3H mice is the same as in the normal strain. A deficiency in high Km-PDE activity in the C3H retina is evident on the 7th postnatal day, when the activity of low Km-PDE, photoreceptor morphology, and rhodopsin content of these retina are essentially normal. In the adult C3H retina, the PDE activity with cyclic-GMP and cyclic-UMP as substrates is significantly below that of the normal retina. These data indicate that an alteration in cyclic-AMP metabolism occurs before photoreceptor cell degeneration in the retinae of C3H mice.
SHAM Beyond Clustering: New Tests of Galaxy-Halo Abundance Matching with Galaxy Groups

We construct mock catalogs of galaxy groups using subhalo abundance matching (SHAM) and undertake several new tests of the SHAM prescription for the galaxy-dark matter connection. All SHAM models we studied exhibit significant tension with galaxy groups observed in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The SHAM prediction for the field galaxy luminosity function is systematically too dim, and the group galaxy luminosity function systematically too bright, regardless of the details of the SHAM prescription. SHAM models connecting r-band luminosity, Mr, to V acc max , the maximum circular velocity of a subhalo at the time of accretion onto the host, faithfully reproduce the abundance of galaxy groups as a function of richness, g(N). However, SHAM models connecting Mr with V peak max , the peak value of Vmax over the entire merger history of the halo, over-predict the abundance of galaxy groups. Our results suggest that SHAM models for the galaxy-dark matter connection may be unable to simultaneously reproduce the observed group multiplicity function and two-point projected galaxy clustering. Nevertheless, we also report a new success of the abundance matching prescription: an accurate prediction for �(m12), the abundance of galaxy groups as a function of magnitude gap m12, defined as the difference between the r-band absolute magnitude of the two brightest group members. We demonstrate that it may be possible to use joint measurements of g(N) and �(m12) to provide tight constraints on the details of the SHAM implementation. Additionally, we show that the hypothesis that the luminosity gap is constructed via random draws from a universal luminosity function provides a poor description of the data, contradicting recent claims in the literature. Finally, we test a common assumption of the Conditional Luminosity Function formalism, that the satel
Matrix metalloproteinases and epileptogenesis

Matrix metalloproteinases are vital drivers of synaptic remodeling in health and disease. It is suggested that at early stages of epileptogenesis, inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases may help ameliorate cell death, aberrant network rewiring, and neuroinflammation and prevent development of epilepsy.
Differences between trade show exhibitors and non‐exhibitors

Trade shows can be crucial components of a firm’s marketing mix. This modern day version of the central market is often poorly understood and overlooked by many corporate design makers seeking effective and efficient ways to promote the firm’s products and service. Compares non‐exhibitors and exhibiting firms, examines major differences between the two groups, and provides a profile of non‐exhibiting firms. Finally, offers some tips around when to, and when not to, exhibit and aspects to increase exhibit effectiveness.
Six-year experience of caring for forty-four patients with a left ventricular assist device at home: Safe, economical, necessary

Abstract Objective: With increasing numbers of implantations, left ventricular assist device programs can put a financial strain on a hospital unless an efficient and safe outpatient program is developed. However, the left ventricular assist device is not widely recognized in the medical community as being reliable enough to support a patient at home. We reviewed our experience with these patients at home to assess the safety and the benefits of such a program. Methods: Our institutional 6-year experience with 90 consecutive recipients of a wearable left ventricular assist device was analyzed. Results: Forty-four (49%) of the 90 patients who received TCI vented-electric left ventricular assist devices (Thermo Cardiosystems, Inc, Woburn, Mass) were discharged, spending a total of 4546 days (12.5 years) at home with an average of 103 ± 16 days of outpatient support (range 9-436 days). Of these 44 patients, all were successfully bridged to transplantation (42 patients, 96%) or planned explantation (2 patients, 4%). None of the outpatients died. The cumulative events per outpatient month were 0.020 for bleeding, 0.053 for device infection, 0.0068 for thromboembolus, and 0.020 for major malfunctions. Our estimated average cost to bridge a patient to transplantation or explantation once discharged is $13,200 and as an inpatient over the same length of time, including only room and board, is $165,200. Thirty percent of outpatients were able to return to work or school, 33% to sexual activity, and 44% to driving. All outpatients performed activities of daily living. Conclusion: Current left ventricular assist device technology provides effective and economical outpatient support and is associated with limited morbidity and a satisfactory quality of life. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;119:251-9)
Odorants of the Flowers of Butterfly Bush, Buddleja davidii, as Possible Attractants of Pest Species of Moths

Flowers of the butterfly bush, Buddleja davidii Franch., are visited by butterflies as well as other insects. Night captures revealed also that moths visit butterfly bush flowers. Moths captured in traps over flowers included 12 species of Noctuidae, 6 species of Pyralidae, 2 species of Geometridae, and 1 tortricid species. The majority of moths trapped at these flowers were cabbage loopers, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), and alfalfa loopers, Autographa californica (Speyer). Both males and females were captured at butterfly bush flowers. Additionally, butterflies, bees, wasps, flies, and other insects also were captured. Analysis of volatile compounds collected from air over clusters of butterfly bush flowers yielded the consistent presence of nine chemicals: benzaldehyde, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, hexyl acetate, 4-oxoisophorone, (E,E)-α-farnesene, (Z)-cinnamaldehyde, dihydrooxoisophorone, β-cyclocitral, and oxoisophorone oxide. Emitted amounts of these floral odorants averaged 57 ng per h per floret or 21 μg per h per flower cluster (raceme). Five of those floral chemicals, benzaldehyde, 4-oxoisophorone, dihydrooxoisophorone, oxoisophorone oxide, and (E,E)-α-farnesene triggered antennal responses in cabbage looper moths, while benzaldehyde, oxoisophorone oxide, and 4-oxoisophorone also stimulated antennal responses in alfalfa looper moths. Some of these compounds may be attractants or co-attractants for moths and play a key role in locating flowers as nectar sources.
Succesful antegrade subintimal bypass restenting of in‐stent chronic total occlusion

Coronary chronic total occlusions (CTOs) are known to cause significant patient morbidity. Over the past several years, the techniques and devices for treating these CTOs have advanced tremendously. The interventional management of CTOs within previously placed coronary stents, however, remains challenging. Here, we present a case of an in-stent restenosis of the right coronary artery CTO bypassed using a controlled subintimal dissection re-entry technique via antegrade approach creating side-by-side stents. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Piezoelectric coupling, phonons, and tunneling into a quantum Hall edge

We show that the piezoelectric coupling to three-dimensional phonons in GaAs renormalizes the current-voltage exponent for tunneling of electrons into an incompressible quantum Hall edge. The leading correction is always negative, in agreement with experiments on the $\ensuremath{\nu}=1∕3$ state, and, depending on the precise value of the edge plasmon speed, can be as large as a few percent. We also discuss higher-order corrections, which determine the effect of the piezoelectric coupling in the extreme infrared limit.
The theory of non-electrolyte solutions: an historical review

Starting with the work of van der Waals in 1873, a historical review is given of theories of non-electrolyte mixtures that are based on a well-defined Hamiltonian, and thus can be tested against molecular simulation, as well as experiment. Most of the first 100 years covered here were devoted to attempts to find a successful theory of simple mixtures, culminating in the van der Waals 1-fluid theory of conformal solutions, and perturbation theories based on a hard-sphere reference fluid. The last 40 years has seen the more rapid development of theories for fluids of more complex molecules, including strongly polar liquids, chain molecules and liquids in which molecular association is important. 1 Based on a Molecular Physics Lecture, ‘The Theory of Non-Electrolyte Solutions: A Recent History’, delivered at Imperial College London, 25 September 2009.
Enhancement of St. Louis Arbovirus Plaque Formation by Neutral Red

Experiments with St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus have shown that neutral red enhances the plaque size in duck embryo cell cultures. This may represent a new method for genetic studies of SLE virus population. In a mosquito pool specimen NR + and NR − particles were demonstrated. By intracerebral passage in mice, there is a selection of NR + particles. Similar effects were not shown for eastern, western, and California encephalitis viruses. Plaques formed by the latter virus, however, were significantly reduced in number by neutral red. Images
The importance of electrothermal terms in Ohm's law for magnetized spherical implosions

The magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) of magnetic-field compression in laser-driven spherical targets is considered. Magnetic-field evolution is cast in terms of an effective fluid velocity, a convective term resulting from resistivity gradients, a resistive diffusion term, and a source term. Effective velocity is the sum of fluid velocity, drift velocity, and heat-flux velocity, given by electron heat flux divided by electron enthalpy density, which has two components: the perpendicular or Nernst velocity and the cross-field velocity. The Nernst velocity compresses the magnetic field as the heat front moves into gas. The cross-field velocity leads to dynamo generation of an azimuthal magnetic field. It is proposed that the heat-flux velocity should be flux limited using a “Nernst” flux limiter independent of the thermal flux limiter but should not exceed it. The addition of the MHD routines to the 1D, Lagrangian hydrocode LILAC and the Eulerian version of the 2D hydrocode DRACO is described, and the codes are used to model a magnetized spherical compression on the OMEGA laser. Thermal flux limiting at a shock front is found to cause unphysical electron temperature gradients that lead to large, unphysical magnetic fields caused by the resistivity gradient, so thermal flux limiting in the gas is removed. The Nernst term reduces the benefits of magnetization in inertial fusion. A Nernst flux limiter ≤0.12 is required in the gas in order to agree with measured neutron yield and increases in the neutron-averaged ion temperature caused by magnetization. This corresponds to preventing the Nernst velocity from exceeding the shock velocity, which prevents significant decoupling of the magnetic field and gas compression.
SVM-inspired dynamic safe navigation using convex hull construction

The navigation of mobile robots or unmanned autonomous vehicles (UAVs) in an environment full of obstacles has a significant impact on its safety. If the robot maneuvers too close to an obstacle, it increases the probability of an accident. Preventing this is crucial in dynamic environments, where the obstacles, such as other UAVs, are moving. This kind of safe navigation is needed in any autonomous movement application but it is of a vital importance in applications such as automated transportation of nuclear or chemical waste. This paper presents the Maximum Margin Search using a Convex Hull construction (MMS-CH), an algorithm for a fast construction of a maximum margin between sets of obstacles and its maintenance as the input data are dynamically altered. This calculation of the safest path is inspired by the Support Vector Machines (SVM). It utilizes the convex hull construction to preprocess the input data and uses the boundaries of the hulls to search for the optimal margin. The MMS-CH algorithm takes advantage of the elementary geometrical properties of the 2-dimensional Euclidean space resulting in 1) significant reduction of the problem complexity by eliminating irrelevant data; 2) computationally less expensive approach to maximum margin calculation than standard SVM-based techniques; and 3) inexpensive recomputation of the solution suitable for real time dynamic applications.
Hormone replacement therapy and risk of acute myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women with diabetes mellitus.

diagnosed if the diagnosis was stated in the medical record or if the patient was taking any diabetic med- ications upon admission. Control patients (n 306), matched in a 3:1 ratio by age (within 5 years) and admission year, were postmenopausal women with diabetes admitted with principal diagnoses other than AMI (non-AMI group). All clinical and laboratory data were collected from the medical record. "Current use" of medications was defi ned as those medications that were reported upon admission. We used the 2-sample t test and Wilcoxon rank sum tests to test for signifi cance among continuous variables and the chi- square test and Fisher exact tests for dichotomous variables when assessing differences between the AMI and non-AMI groups. The odds ratio, adjusted for group differences by matched multivariate logistic regression models, estimated the relative risk of inci- dent AMI for patients using HRT. We performed separate analyses for patients with and without prior CHD to differentiate the effects of HRT in the primary and secondary prevention settings and performed an additional analysis that included only a community- based cohort of patients to assess effects of referral bias. Table 1 details the baseline characteristics of pa- tients in each group. Patients in the AMI and non-AMI
Dissecting MHC class II export, B cell maturation, and DM stability defects in invariant chain mutant mice.

Invariant (Ii) chain loss causes defective class II export, B cell maturation, and reduced DM stability. In this study, we compare Ii chain and class II mutant mouse phenotypes to dissect these disturbances. The present results demonstrate that ER retention of αβ complexes, and not β-chain aggregates, disrupts B cell development. In contrast, we fail to detect class II aggregates in Ii chain mutant thymi. Ii chain loss in NOD mice leads to defective class II export and formation of αβ aggregates, but in this background, downstream signals are misregulated and mature B cells develop normally. Finally, Ii chain mutant strains all display reduced levels of DM, but mice expressing either p31 or p41 alone, and class II single chain mutants, are indistinguishable from wild type. We conclude that Ii chain contributions as a DM chaperone are independent of its role during class II export. This Ii chain/DM partnership favors class II peptide loading via conventional pathway(s).
Systematizing security test case planning using functional requirements phrases

Security experts use their knowledge to attempt attacks on an application in an exploratory and opportunistic way in a process known as penetration testing. However, building security into a product is the responsibility of the whole team, not just the security experts who are often only involved in the final phases of testing. Through the development of a black box security test plan, software testers who are not necessarily security experts can work proactively with the developers early in the software development lifecycle. The team can then establish how security will be evaluated such that the product can be designed and implemented with security in mind. The goal of this research is to improve the security of applications by introducing a methodology that uses the software system's requirements specification statements to systematically generate a set of black box security tests. We used our methodology on a public requirements specification to create 137 tests and executed these tests on five electronic health record systems. The tests revealed 253 successful attacks on these five systems, which are used to manage the clinical records for approximately 59 million patients, collectively. If non-expert testers can surface the more common vulnerabilities present in an application, security experts can attempt more devious, novel attacks.
Prevalence of Depression Among Stroke Survivors: Racial-Ethnic Differences.

Background and Purpose—Although poststroke depression is common, racial–ethnic disparities in depression among stroke survivors remain underexplored. Thus, we investigated the relationship between race/ethnicity and depression in a multiracial–ethnic stroke cohort. Methods—Baseline survey data of validated scales of depression and functional status, demographics, comorbidities, and socioeconomic status were used from a recurrent stroke prevention study among community-dwelling urban stroke/transient ischemic attack survivors. Results—The cohort included 556 participants with a mean age of 64 years. The majorities were black (44%) or latino (42%) and female (60%), had their last stroke/transient ischemic attack nearly 2 years before study enrollment, and lived below the poverty level (58%). Nearly 1 in 2 latinos, 1 in 4 blacks, and 1 in 8 whites were depressed. Multivariate logistic regression showed that survivors who were younger, were female, had ≥3 comorbid conditions, were functionally disabled from s...
Oxygen and oxidative stress modulate the expression of uncoupling protein-5 in vitro and in vivo.

Uncoupling protein 5 (UCP5), also referred to as brain mitochondrial carrier protein (BMCP 1), belongs to the family of mitochondrial membrane transporters known as uncoupling proteins (UCPs)1. Five UCPs have been cloned, named UCP1, UCP2, UCP3, UCP4 and UCP5/BMCP12. It is well established that UCP1, the prototypical UCP expressed only in brown adipocytes, dissipates the mitsochondrial proton gradient across the inner membrane and hence potential energy is lost as heat2. However, it is not known whether UCP 2–5 are true uncoupling proteins and have thermogenic properties or have other in vivo physiological functions. It has been proposed that the novel UCPs might play a role in the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production3,4
Structure and Replication of the Alphavirus Genome

In the last few years, our knowledge of the molecular biology of viruses has been greatly expanded by the technology of nucleic acid sequencing. Determination of the complete sequence of virus genomes coupled with mapping of the virus-encoded proteins on those genomes has resulted in a wealth of information about the structure of the genome, the nature of the encoded proteins, the translation strategy used by the virus, and the nature of proteolytic processing or other modification events involved in maturation of viral proteins. Comparison of the nucleic acid and deduced amino acid sequences of related viruses can reveal conserved domains, suggesting that these regions play key roles in either virus replication or morphology. Recombinant DNA technology makes it possible to design experiments to test the function of such domains directly; in particular, manipulation of viral genomes may lead to a more directed approach to vaccine production than the empirical strategies used heretofore. In a number of cases, the single base changes (and resulting amino acid substitutions) responsible for the temperature-sensitive phenotype of certain mutants have been determined. Nucleic acid sequencing is also being used to locate immunological epitopes as well as protein domains involved in virulence and specific tissue tropisms.
Effect of Defatted Brain Extract and Soy Sterols on Plasma Cholesterol Levels and Atherogenesis in Cholesterol-Oil Fed Cockerels.

ConclusionBoth cerebrosides and soy sterols were very effective in reducing serum cholesterol levels, and thoracic aorta and coronary atherosclerosis in chicks fed an atherogenic diet. This effect of cerebrosides was directly proportional to the dose administered. Soy sterols were without effect on endogenously induced hypercholesterolemia produced by estrogens.
SELF-DEFEATING PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL INTIMACY

Su~nmay.-The Self-defeating Personality Scale and a modiFied version of the Miller Social Intimacy Scale were given to 98 men (Mnge=40.3) and 104 (M,,,=40.0) women to validate criterion seven (rejects people who consistently treat himher well) of the former. Both the correlation benveen the full scale scores and rhose for the Miller scale and the correlation benveen Mtllrr scores and scores on criterion seven of the Self-defeating Scale were nonsignif~canr Cronbach a was .51. Schd (4) developed the Self-defeating Personality Scale to find out why some people continually engage in a pattern of self-defeating behavior. The scale was designed to assess eight criteria for diagnosing the disorder, criteria such as "chooses people who lead to disappointment," "fails to accomplish critical tasks in spite of ability to do so," "engages in unsolicited selfsacrifice," and "rejects people who treat hirnher well." The scale contains 48 items using a rating format, six for each of the eight criteria. H~gh scores suggest the presence of the disorder. Noting that validation is a continuing process that leads to a clearer idea of a scale's strengths and weaknesses, the literature shows Self-defeating Personality scores have correlated as predicted with measures of self-descriptive adjectives (4), adult love attachments (71, assertiveness (2), and social skds (6).
Design of Power Distribution Line Microcomputer Protection Device

A new microcomputer relay protection device was proposed for power distribution system.In the hardware design,"DSP+MCU" dual-CPU architecture was used,which gives full play to the powerful DSP data processing capability and MCU event management capability,thus satisfying the distribution protection requirements.In the software design,μClinux embedded real-time operating system was introduced into microcomputer relay protection.The research and experimental results indicate that the designed structure is reasonable,and has high precision and high-speed communications features,which can meet the needs of power distribution system automation.
Lactate and lung metabolism.

Elucidation of the metabolic pathways and controlling mechanisms in normal pulmonary tissue may be important not only in understanding but also in treating such disorders as pulmonary neoplasia, emphysema, and various infectious disease states. Utilizing in vitro techniques with rat lung slices, we have confirmed that the lung, the organ with the greatest access to oxygen, produces primarily lactate from glucose. This apparent anaerobiosis may be a physiological means of ensuring maximal transport of oxygen across the alveolar-capillary membrane and of protecting the integrity of the membrane during periods of hypoxia.
Smoking, obesity and risk of sarcoidosis: A population-based nested case-control study.

Abstract Background Smoking and obesity might alter the risk of sarcoidosis. However, the data remained inconclusive. Methods A cohort of Olmsted County, Minnesota residents diagnosed with sarcoidosis between January 1, 1976 and December 31, 2013 was identified based on individual medical record review. For each sarcoidosis subject, one sex and aged-matched control without sarcoidosis was randomly selected from the same underlying population. Medical records of cases and controls were reviewed for smoking status at index date and body mass index (BMI) within 1 year before to 3 months after index date. Results 345 incident cases of sarcoidosis and 345 controls were identified. The odds ratio of sarcoidosis comparing current smokers with never smokers adjusted for age and sex was 0.34 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.23–0.50). The odds ratio of sarcoidosis comparing current smokers with never smokers and former smokers adjusted for age and sex was 0.38 (95% CI, 0.26–0.56). The odds ratio of sarcoidosis comparing overweight subjects (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m 2 but 2 ) with subjects with normal/low BMI was 1.12 (95% CI, 0.72–1.75). The odds ratio of sarcoidosis comparing obese subjects (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) with subjects with normal/low BMI was 2.54 (95% CI, 1.58–4.06). The odds ratio of sarcoidosis comparing obese subjects with non-obese subjects was 2.38 (95% CI, 1.60–3.56). Conclusion In this population, current smokers have a lower risk of developing sarcoidosis while subjects with obesity have a higher risk of developing sarcoidosis.
Introduction: From Invisible Mothers to Virtual Mothering

In 1994, a few months before I left South Korea to attend graduate school in the US, my mother told me that she wished that some Americans would adopt me, and support me, as if I were their own daughter, during my stay. I was puzzled by her seemingly outrageous wish, and asked, “How can I be adopted when you’re still alive?” She said, “That doesn’t matter; there have been cases.” While my memories of that day have become fuzzy, I recall her saying, “You can tell them I am dead.” I was devastated by her motherly death wish, driven by the hope of her daughter being adopted by unknown Americans.
Menstrual cycle loss and resumption among patients with anorexia nervosa spectrum eating disorders: Is relative or absolute weight more influential?

Objective Prior research suggests that both body mass index (BMI) and weight suppression (highest past weight minus current weight; WS) are important in determining adult anorexia nervosa (AN) severity. We examined associations between amenorrhea and WS, DSM-5 BMI severity category, and highest premorbid BMI among patients with AN. Method Participants (N = 69) were adult female AN-spectrum patients at two residential treatment facilities. At admission, height, and weight were measured, and participants completed questionnaires assessing menstrual status and weight history. Results Greater WS, adjusted for BMI, was associated with menstrual function at admission. First amenorrhea onset occurred at a normal BMI for 38.5% of participants. Premorbid highest BMI positively correlated with BMI at amenorrhea onset, and higher BMI at amenorrhea onset was associated with higher BMI at menses resumption. Discussion These findings add to the literature indicating that relative and absolute weight status are dual indicators of illness severity in AN, and preliminarily suggest that a large proportion of adults who present for treatment initially may have shown symptoms of starvation at a normal BMI. Results underscore the need to focus on weight loss in early detection efforts and may inform target weight setting in the treatment of AN.
Surface receptors in B lymphocyte activation by antigens.

The surface of B lymphocytes exhibits a variety of receptors for antigens, for viruses and for hormones, in addition to other molecules for which no receptor function is yet known. They also possess specific B and histocompatibility antigens. All these molecules have been the subject of intensive study, not only because their function may be important in elucidating immunologic functions of B lymphocytes, but also because they provide a precise tool to study membrane structure and its relation to function.
Vectors into the Future of Mass and Interpersonal Communication Research: Big Data, Social Media, and Computational Social Science

Simultaneous developments in big data, social media, and computational social science have set the stage for how we think about and understand interpersonal and mass communication. This article explores some of the ways that these developments generate 4 hypothetical "vectors" - directions - into the next generation of communication research. These vectors include developments in network analysis, modeling interpersonal and social influence, recommendation systems, and the blurring of distinctions between interpersonal and mass audiences through narrowcasting and broadcasting. The methods and research in these arenas are occurring in areas outside the typical boundaries of the communication discipline but engage classic, substantive questions in mass and interpersonal communication.
Applying to university with criminal convictions: a comparative study of admissions policies in the United States and United Kingdom

ABSTRACTHigher education institutions in the United States and the United Kingdom increasingly require prospective students to disclose past criminal history on admissions applications. However, a social movement aimed at improving opportunities for people with criminal records may force higher education to reconsider this practice. This paper offers a descriptive comparative analysis of admissions policies for people with criminal records in the US and UK by exploring policy contexts, written policies and admissions data. For the first time, admissions data were collected from a sample of UK universities, finding that while thousands of applicants with criminal records apply to universities, only a small percentage are rejected solely on the basis of their convictions. In addition, variation in the tone and scope of policies appears to reflect the variation in national criminal records laws between the US and UK. These, and other findings, have implications for the continued use of these policies.
Anxiety, Physical Functioning, and Integrated Care in Older Adults.

Fellow Clinical Gerontologists,How do we best work across disciplines to enhance psychological and physical wellness in older adults and their care providers? Articles in this issue touch on this t...
Case 12-2018: A 30-Year-Old Woman with Cardiac Arrest

A Woman with Cardiac Arrest A 30-year-old woman was brought to the ED because of cardiac arrest. She was hypotensive, and pupillary, corneal, oculocephalic, cough, and gag reflexes were absent. Electrocardiography showed a wide-complex rhythm. A diagnosis and management decisions were made.
Questioning Strict Liability in Copyright

Copyright is a strict liability regime under which any infringer, whether innocent or intentional, is liable for infringement. In this Article, the Authors argue that strict liability is neither justified nor necessary in copyright law, but rather is rooted in deeply flawed historical, conceptual, and economic misconceptions about intellectual property in general and copyright in particular. Worse, strict liability is affirmatively harmful to copyright's utilitarian goals of providing incentives to authors to create, and providing greater public access to works of authorship. For these reasons, the Authors call for Congress to abolish copyright's harsh strict liability regime and to substitute in its stead a liability regime that fairly accounts for the culpability of infringers.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF NEARSHORE CIRCULATION ON A BARRED BEACH WITH RIP CURRENTS

A nearshore circulation modeling system has been applied to a closed wave basin with a longshore bar and two rip channels. The major characteristics of the flow pattern have been established by the model including the recirculation cells, the feeder currents and the bias of the rip current toward the center of the basin. Wave current interaction is established as one of the significant mechanisms in the flow. The parameters for the eddy viscosity and the bottom friction have been shown to influence the stability of the flow. The flow is generally fluctuating and large vortex systems are formed. The model results are compared with the experimental data matching magnitudes of mean velocities as well as trends of oscillations.
CXCL12 mediates the migration of metastatic breast cancer cells through the activation of PI-3 kinase/AKT and Focal adhesion kinase

860 Human IL-17A is a cytokine of about 30 kDa produced by memory activated T-cells though its receptor is ubiquitously expressed. Its major role is regulation of production of immune response and hematopoietic-related cytokines by which it fine-tunes all the phases of hematopoiesis and immune response. It is involved in human diseases including inflammation, arthritis, aging, and cancers of the breast and prostate and lymphoma. However, the mechanisms by which it accomplishes its effects are not known. Our laboratory has observed that in human U937 leukemia cells, IL-17A activates multiple signaling cascades including the PK-C and Raf/MAPK-mediated pathways and the PI-3K/Akt pathway. In the current study, we demonstrate that IL-17 enhances rapid (within 60 sec) association between Src Kinases (Lck and Fynn) and the p85 component of PI-3K, suggesting that these Src Kinases mediate PI-3K activation in response to IL-17A. To further understand the role of PI-3K/Akt and Src kinases in the biological effects of IL-17A, we investigated the effects of Src Kinase inhibitor (PP2) or the PI-3K inhibitors (LY) on the ability of IL-17A to stimulate production of cytokines. U937 cells were treated with IL-17A (100 ng/ml) in the absence or presence of a specific inhibitor (either PP2 or LY) for days. Culture media were assayed for cytokine production using the Panomics Cytokine Antibody Arrays. In the absence of inhibitors, IL-17A alone stimulated differential expression (2 to 8-fold increase) of Th1 and Th2-type cytokines and chemokines within 24 to 48 hours. The stimulatory effects of IL-17A were markedly reduced or blocked by either PP2 or LY. These results suggest that Lck and Fynn differentially mediate stimulation of cytokine production by IL-17A via the PI-3K/Akt signaling pathway, implicating Src Kinases and the PI-3K/Akt in the immune response processes evoked by IL-17A. Because NF-kB transcriptional factor is suspected to play a role in IL-17A-mediated signaling, we assessed cells for NF-kB activation in response to IL-17A using transcriptional assays, Panomics Protein/DNA Transcriptional Arrays and WB detection of p-IkB. To our surprise, NF-kB was not activated by IL-17A. In contract, a number of transcriptional factors include Bm2, STAT3, STAT1, Egr-1, Smad3, CRE and GRE were markedly activated by this cytokine, suggesting that perhaps transcriptional factors other than NF-kB mediate regulation of gene expression by IL-17A. Future studies are in progress to determine the relevance of these results regarding the potential role of IL-17A in cancer. Supported by NCI U54 and SCORE Grants.
Dolomitic Lime Particle Size and Container Medium pH

Abstract Boxwood liners, Buxus sempervirens ‘Suffruticosa’, were container-grown for two years in a pine bark/peat moss medium amended with various particle sizes of dolomitic limestone. Adjustment...