cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Validation of the ASTER thermal infrared surface radiance data product

The advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) is a 14 channel high spatial resolution instrument selected for flight on the EOS AM-1 platform. This instrument has a 60 km pointable cross-track swath and five thermal infrared channels between 8 and 12 micrometers with 90 m spatial resolution. Correction for the effect of atmospheric attenuation and emission will be made using a radiative transfer model and atmospheric parameters either from the EOS AM-1 platform instruments MODIS (moderate- resolution imaging spectroradiometer) and MISR (multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer) or temperature and moisture profiles from global numerical assimilation models. The correction accuracy depends strongly on the accuracy of the atmospheric information used. To provide an objective assessment of the validity of the atmospheric correction in situ measurements of water surfaces under a variety of atmospheric conditions will be used to estimate the surface leaving radiance at the scale of an ASTER pixel. The procedure will use an array of continuously recording temperature buoys to establish the bulk water temperature, broadband radiometers to determine the near surface water temperature gradient and radiosonde and sunphotometer measurements and a radiative transfer model to deduce the sky irradiance. These measurements and the spectral emissivity of the water will be combined with the relative system spectral response to provide an estimate of thermal infrared surface leaving radiance for each ASTER thermal channel. An example of this approach using a multichannel thermal aircraft scanner as a stand in for ASTER is described. It is expected this approach will provide estimates of surface radiance accurate, in temperature terms, to better than 1 K.
Observations on the formulation of paraxial and Gaussian optics

A reformulation of the paraxial raytrace equation provides a better understanding of the key concepts of basic image formation. The paraxial refraction equation is shown to be a bridge between paraxial optics and Gaussian optics that defines the power of an optical system.
The diffusivity of Hydrogen in palladium

Abstract The permeability time-lag method has been used to determine the diffusivity of hydrogen in palladium in the temperature range 496–946°C. Previous measurements had indicated a large positive deviation from Arrhenius behavior in the temperature range above 600°C. No such deviation was found in the present measurements, which are in good accord with previous determinations made at lower temperatures. The diffusivity in the temperature range 469–946°C can be represented by the equation D = D 0 exp (− Q RT ) m 2 /s where D0 = (2.83 ± 0.15) × 10−7 m2/s and Q = 21.7 ± 1.3 kJ/mole.
Design of deadbeat robust systems

The proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller enables a system to achieve robustness; however, for higher order plants, there are not enough variables to allow the independent specification of the step response criteria (such as overshoot and settling time). As a result, there is a need for more variable gains when higher order plants are analyzed. Assuming that higher order systems are reduced to fourth order models, a design method is developed that enables a PID controller to be used. Designing systems capable of robust performance is possible with this method. Through the use of examples with varying plant order, this design method is tested, and is shown to perform as expected, giving rise to deadbeat robustness. >
Detection of [N II] λ5755 Emission from Low-Density Ionized Interstellar Gas

The extremely faint, temperature-sensitive "auroral" emission line [N II] λ5755 has been detected from the low-density ionized gas along the sight line toward l = 1300, b = -75 using the Wisconsin Hα Mapper. The intensity of this emission line, relative to the red nebular line [N II] λ6584, is found to be twice that observed in bright, classical H II regions surrounding O stars. This implies that the electron temperature of the ionized gas along this sight line is about 2000 K higher than the H II regions and that the enhanced [N II] λ6584/Hα and [S II] λ6716/Hα intensity ratios in this low-density gas are due at least in part to an elevated temperature.
Pressure-induced effects on the structure of the FeSe superconductor

Abstract A polycrystalline sample of FeSe, which adopts the tetragonal PbO-type structure (P4/nmm) at room temperature, has been prepared using solid state reaction. We have investigated pressure-induced structural changes in tetragonal FeSe at varying hydrostatic pressures up to 0.6 GPa in the orthorhombic (T=50 K) and tetragonal (T=190 K) phases using high resolution neutron powder diffraction. We report that the structure is quite compressible with a Bulk modulus ≈31 GPa to 33 GPa and that the pressure response is anisotropic with a larger compressibility along the c -axis. Key bond angles of the SeFe4 pyramids and FeSe4 tetrahedra are also determined as a function of pressure.
Research Needs Workshop for Magnetic Fusion Energy Science

The process, organization and results of the Research Needs Workshop for Magnetic Fusion Energy Science are reviewed, and the Workshop Report is briefly surveyed.
Introduction to a special series of unique entities within the spectrum of large-cell lymphoma.

Correspondence: George P. Canellos, M.D., William Rosenberg Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street 1B14, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Telephone: 617-632-3470; Fax: 617-632-3477; e-mail: george_canellos@dfci. harvard.edu Received March 7, 2006; accepted for publication March 7, 2006. ©AlphaMed Press 1083-7159/2006/$20.00/0 Lymphoma biology is a rapidly moving field. Until the most recent decade, large-cell lymphoma was considered a single entity and classified as such in earlier lymphoma pathologic classification schema. The differentiation was almost exclusively based on classic histology. Advances in immunoperoxidase technology and molecular biology have opened the biologic door to a better understanding of subtypes that have their clinical and molecular characteristics. The purpose of this series is to update interested clinicians on new terminology and unique biologic features that contribute to the now widely used World Health Organization designations for these entities. The initial series will include disorders known as primary mediastinal, anaplastic large-cell, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, Burkitt’s, intravascular, and T-cell–rich B-cell lymphoma. Others could be added, but these represent some of the more frequently encountered of the subtypes. There is, of course, a great deal more to be learned about large-cell lymphoma. Clinical differences exist in the natural history of some of the extranodal large-cell lymphomas, such as a primary testicular B-cell large-cell lymphoma compared to nodal B-cell large-cell lymphoma. The various entities of T-cell large-cell lymphoma have been generally characterized as resistant to conventional chemotherapy with the exception of anaplastic T-cell large-cell lymphoma, which is described in this series. It is becoming apparent that nodal B-cell large-cell lymphoma is a heterogeneous disease. The technique of gene micro-array has defined genetic signatures that can be correlated with therapeutic outcome [1–4]. This technology has the potential to define unique and vital changes in genes that may play a vital role in the behavior of the disease. Defining these abnormalities is likely to lead to the development of specific agents that target the gene and its product. These techniques have also defined molecular genetic relationships between mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and Hodgkin’s lymphoma [5]. In this initial series, all authors chosen are young academics who are or have been active in the lymphoma programs associated with Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare, an entity which encompasses the Harvard Medical School– affiliated institutions Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Brigham and Women’s Hospital.
Symphalangus brachytanites (Hylobates klossii) (Dwarf siamang)

Skin biopsies of one male and one female specimen, designated as S. brachytanites, were kindly made available by Dr. J. Moor-Jankowski, New York University Medical School, New York, USA. These animals are “Dwarf Siamangs”, Hylobates klossii according to Groves (1968), which differ morphologically from the largest gibbon, S. syndactylus. Karyotypically these animals are identical to the siamangs described in the literature, except perhaps for the Y chromosome which is submetacentric in S. syndactylus (Egozcue, 1969).
The Bundesbank and the formation of the ECB's monetary policy strategy

The ECB is almost a complete copy of the Bundesbank's organization, having adopted the Bundesbank's definition of price stability and its monetary targeting strategy. But rather than following simply from coercive power attached to the relative size of the German economy and EU budget contribution, the decision to emulate the German monetary policy model was the result of the persuasive power of the Bundesbank, the domestic success of the German model, and the hope held by European central bankers and many European politicians that success could be replicated on the European level. The primary interests of European central bankers were to appear competent and to maintain their independence; their search for the monetary policy ideas that provided the best chance of achieving these goals led to the German model.
Elongin B-Mediated Epigenetic Alteration of Viral Chromatin Correlates with Efficient Human Cytomegalovirus Gene Expression and Replication

Elongins B and C are members of complexes that increase the efficiency of transcriptional elongation by RNA poly- merase II (RNAPII) and enhance the monoubiquitination of histone H2B, an epigenetic mark of actively transcribed genes. Here we show that, in addition to its role in facilitating transcription of the cellular genome, elongin B also enhances gene expression from the double-stranded DNA genome of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a pathogenic herpesvirus. Reducing the level of elongin B by small interfering RNA- or short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown decreased viral mRNA expression, viral protein accumulation, viral DNA replication, and infectious virion production. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicated viral genome occupancy of the elongating form of RNAPII, and monoubiquitinated histone H2B was reduced in elongin B-deficient cells. These data suggest that, in addition to the previously documented epigenetic regulation of transcriptional initiation, HCMV also subverts cellular elongin B-mediated epigenetic mechanisms for enhancing transcriptional elongation to enhance viral gene expression and virus replication. IMPORTANCE The genetic and epigenetic control of transcription initiation at both cellular and viral promoters is well docu- mented. Recently, the epigenetic modification of histone H2B monoubiquitination throughout the bodies of cellular genes has been shown to enhance the elongation of RNA polymerase II-initiated transcripts. Mechanisms that might control the elonga- tion of viral transcripts are less well studied. Here we show that, as with cellular genes, elongin B-mediated monoubiquitination of histone H2B also facilitates the transcriptional elongation of human cytomegalovirus genes. This and perhaps other epige- netic markings of actively transcribed regions may help in identifying viral genes expressed during in vitro latency or during natural infections of humans. Furthermore, this work identifies a novel, tractable model system to further study the regulation of transcriptional elongation in living cells.
Access to federal documents in small, non-depository academic libraries

Abstract Fifty small academic libraries not housing federal depositories were surveyed to determine how well they can meet users' needs for federal documents. Results indicate these libraries spend an average of about $750 a year on documents, acquire very little free material, and incorporate most documents into the regular collection or the vertical file. Although most acquire the basic document reference sources and bibliographic tools, very few make any significant use of interlibrary loan. Apparently most cannot provide access to documents equal to that offered by even small depositories.
Pollen ultrastructure of Panax(the ginseng genus, Araliaceae),an eastern Asian and eastern NorthAmerican disjunct genus

Pollen of ten species of Panax and six species of Aralia was examined in light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Grains of both genera have similar complex apertures, short columellae, and overlapping tectal sculptures, suggesting a close relationship. Most species of Panax have pollen characterized by striato-reticulate tecta, short columellae, thick foot layers, costa ectocolpi, and lalongate endoapertures. The eastern North American P. trifolius, commonly known as the dwarf ginseng, has a distinctive pollen morphology and exine structure, supporting the hypothesis of its phylogenetically isolated position. Pollen of the eastern Asian P. ginseng (ginseng) can be distinguished from the eastern North American P. quinquefolius (American ginseng) by differences in ultrastructure. The monophyly of the three medicinally important species, P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, and P. quinquefolius, suggested by triterpenoid data, is not supported by pollen data. The results of the pollen study are generally congruent with those from the sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA.
The Last Two Years of Salvador Allende

The 1970 elections and Allende's first year Castro and the empty pots Chilean politics and troubles to the north left extremists, miners, and truckers military officers join the government the tune of the March elections to the Taricazo the July-August crisis ten days that shook Chile the longest day assassination or suicide? the covert US role, 1971-1973 US actions and the coup military government reflections.
Connections between cooperative control and potential games illustrated on the consensus problem

This paper presents a view of cooperative control using the language of learning in games. We review the game theoretic concepts of potential games and weakly acyclic games and demonstrate how the specific cooperative control problem of consensus can be formulated in these settings. Motivated by this connection, we build upon game theoretic concepts to better accommodate a broader class of cooperative control problems. In particular, we introduce sometimes weakly acyclic games for time-varying objective functions and action sets, and provide distributed algorithms for convergence to an equilibrium. Finally, we illustrate how to implement these algorithms for the consensus problem in a variety of settings, most notably, in an environment with non-convex obstructions.
Exploration of the conceptual structure of voltage stability

An exploration is conducted of the differences which distinguish the state space of voltage stability from the familiar features of angle stability. The differences are major, mostly resulting from the presence of algebraic equations in the voltage problem. In voltage stability the load flow equations cannot be done away with as is customary in angle stability. The result is that in voltage stability a multiplicity of singular points and surfaces join the equilibria of all orders which are present in angle stability. As it turns out the singularities share the role of the equilibria and their stable and unstable manifolds as sources or sinks of trajectories and as boundaries of regions of behavior. Also singularities introduce events such as bifurcation points of various kinds which govern the entire complex of phenomena to a large extent. The plethora of these features, their roles and interactions, and the resulting structure of features and events are examined with respect to power systems and their generators. >
Characterizing microbial community and geochemical dynamics at hydrothermal vents using osmotically driven continuous fluid samplers.

Microbes play a key role in mediating aquatic biogeochemical cycles. However, our understanding of the relationships between microbial phylogenetic/physiological diversity and habitat physicochemical characteristics is restrained by our limited capacity to concurrently collect microbial and geochemical samples at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. Accordingly, we have developed a low-cost, continuous fluid sampling system (the Biological OsmoSampling System, or BOSS) to address this limitation. The BOSS does not use electricity, can be deployed in harsh/remote environments, and collects/preserves samples with daily resolution for >1 year. Here, we present data on the efficacy of DNA and protein preservation during a 1.5 year laboratory study as well as the results of two field deployments at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, wherein we examined changes in microbial diversity, protein expression, and geochemistry over time. Our data reveal marked changes in microbial composition co-occurring with changes in hydrothermal fluid composition as well as the temporal dynamics of an enigmatic sulfide-oxidizing symbiont in its free-living state. We also present the first data on in situ protein preservation and expression dynamics highlighting the BOSS’s potential utility in meta-proteomic studies. These data illustrate the value of using BOSS to study relationships among microbial and geochemical phenomena and environmental conditions.
Micromechanical IBARs: Modeling and Process Compensation

Manufacturability is a major challenge before widespread adoption of micromechanical resonators as frequency references. In this paper, the limits of frequency accuracy for a silicon resonator are investigated. The factors to these limits, including starting materials and process variations, are investigated. Design for manufacturing utilizing process compensation (PC) is presented. The I-shaped bulk acoustic resonator (IBAR) is considered since it has features that enable PC. A lumped-element model for the IBAR is developed. Assuming that variations in resonator geometry are locally systematic, the effect of process bias on resonator frequency is modeled. A procedure to obtain low sensitivity to process variations is explained. Process bias variation (i.e., skew) on a 10-MHz design is replicated with electron beam lithography. PC of a micromechanical resonator, confirmed with experimental data, is demonstrated for the first time. From the observations, strategies for obtaining absolute single-digit ppm frequency accuracy are presented.
Club degrees of rigidity and almost Kurepa trees

A highly rigid Souslin tree T is constructed such that forcing with T turns T into a Kurepa tree. Club versions of previously known degrees of rigidity are introduced, as follows: for a rigidity property P, a tree T is said to have property P on clubs if for every club set C (containing 0), the restriction of T to levels in C has property P. The relationships between these rigidity properties for Souslin trees are investigated, and some open questions are stated.
Kernel sharing on reconfigurable multiprocessor systems

Because of the difficulty of increasing single-threaded processor performance, multi-core systems are becoming increasingly popular. These systems bring new challenges to the design of a reconfigurable computing system, with reconfigurable hardware potentially shared between multiple simultaneously-executing applications. In this paper, we examine how to best use reconfigurable hardware in a multiprocessor system. One of the key aspects of this work is improving overall system throughput by sharing configured circuits between multiple processes concurrently executing on the system. In this work, we show that using our extensions for sharing configured circuits between processes improves overall system throughput, and outperforms a static schedule of the kernels between the multiple processes.
Mechanism of allele-selective inhibition of huntingtin expression by duplex RNAs that target CAG repeats: function through the RNAi pathway

Huntington’s disease is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of a CAG trinucleotide repeat within one allele of the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Agents that block expression of mutant HTT and preserve expression of wild-type HTT target the cause of the disease and are an alternative for therapy. We have previously demonstrated that mismatch-containing duplex RNAs complementary to the expanded trinucleotide repeat are potent and allele-selective inhibitors of mutant HTT expression, but the mechanism of allele selectivity was not explored. We now report that anti-CAG duplex RNA preferentially recruits argonaute 2 (AGO2) to mutant rather than wild-type HTT mRNA. Efficient inhibition of mutant HTT protein expression requires less AGO2 than needed for inhibiting wild-type expression. In contrast, inhibiting the expression of mutant HTT protein is highly sensitive to reduced expression of GW182 (TNRC6A) and its two paralogs, a protein family associated with miRNA action. Allele-selective inhibition may involve cooperative binding of multiple protein–RNA complexes to the expanded repeat. These data suggest that allele-selective inhibition proceeds through an RNA interference pathway similar to that used by miRNAs and that discrimination between mutant and wild-type alleles of HTT mRNA is highly sensitive to the pool of AGO2 and GW182 family proteins inside cells.
Part I: The Definition and Practice of Family Health:

Although the literature reflects wide use of the term family health, the concept is ambiguous and lacks conceptual clarity. An ethnographic study about family health was conducted to identify how family health was actually defined and practiced within family households. Multiple members of rural Appalachian families and community informants participated in taped and later transcribed interviews. Family health was identified as a dynamic and complex construct consisting of multiple member interactions within and across the boundaries of households nested within social contexts. Family members used communication, cooperation, and caregiving to develop and sustain individual and family health routines. Family health was influenced by the participants’ embedded cultural context and characterized by highly interactive functional, contextual, and structural perspectives.
Statische Mischer und Mischer‐Wärmetauscher in der Fett‐ und Waschmittelindustrie

Statisches Mischen heist Homogenisieren bezuglich Temperatur und Konzentration ohne bewegte Ruhrorgane. In Rohrleitungen eingebaute, unbewegte Leitelemente bewirken den Mischeffekt durch fortlaufendes Trennen, Umlagern und Wiedervereinigen des Produktstromes. Fur den Aufbau der statischen Mischer von Sulzer stehen die 3 Mischelementtypen SMV,SMX und SMXL zur Verfugung. Die Auswahlkriterien sind die Flieseigenschaften der Produkte und die Anforderungen des Prozesses. In statischen Mischer-Warmetauschern erfolgt ein Warmeaustausch uber die Rohrwand, wobei durch den Mischeffekt Temperaturunterschiede im Produktstrom dauernd ausgeglichen werden. Es konnen somit in kontinuierlichen Verfahren und ohne bewegte Teile analoge Prozesse ausgefuhrt werden wie in gekuhlten oder beheizten Ruhrkesseln. Wesentliche Vorteile der statischen Mischer und Mischer-Warmetauscher sind der geringe Aufwand fur Energie und Wartung, die einfache Automatisierbarkeit und das kleine Betriebsvolumen. Static Mixers and Mixer Heat Exchangers in the Fat- and Detergent-Industry Static mixing means homogenizing w. r. t. temperature and concentration without moving stirrers. Stationary directing elements installed in pipes effect mixing by continuous separation, rearrangement and recombination of the product stream. For construction of static mixers from Sulzer the 3 mixer elements SMV,SMX and SMXL are available. The flow properties of the products and the demands of the process are the selection criteria. In static mixer heat exchangers a heat exchange is achieved through the tube wall, where by the mixing effects temperature differences in the product are continuously equalized. So in an continuous process and without moved parts analogous processes like in cooled or heated stirring vessels can be carried out. Essential advantages of the static mixers and mixer-heat exchangers are the lower energy and maintenance effort, the simple automation and the small size of the unit.
Venlafaxine and Bupropion Combination Therapy in a Case of Treatment-Resistant Depression

OBJECTIVE:To report the therapeutic efficacy of venlafaxine and bupropion in a patient with treatment-refractory major depression.CASE SUMMARY:A 21-year-old white woman with chronic and recurrent major depression presented with lack of response to several antidepressants. On examination, the patient exhibited neurovegetative signs of depression, guilt feelings, and suicidal ideation. The patient was administered venlafaxine 75 mg three times daily. The dose was titrated to 150 mg three times daily over the next month. Later bupropion was instituted up to 100 mg three times daily over a four-month period. The patient responded favorably to combination therapy and has remained free of depression for approximately 23 months.DISCUSSION:Venlafaxine and bupropion are antidepressant agents with unique pharmacologic profiles, each effective in the treatment of depression. Recent data indicate that combinations of selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors and bupropion can convert partial response to full response i...
From demographic targets to individual need: implications for field programmes.

The author discusses the accomplishments of the recent International Conference on Population and Development held in Cairo. "At Cairo the nations of the world agreed that government should give special attention to the education of girls the health of women the survival of infants and young children and in general the empowerment of women at the same time that they provide comprehensive reproductive health services to enable couples to determine freely and responsibly the number and spacing of their children." (EXCERPT)
Improvement of the fracture toughness of hydroxyapatite (HAp) by incorporation of carboxyl functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (CfSWCNTs) and nylon.

The potential of improving the fracture toughness of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) by incorporating carboxyl functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (CfSWCNTs) and polymerized e-caprolactam (nylon) was studied. A series of HAp samples with CfSWCNTs concentrations varying from 0 to 1.5 wt.%, without, and with nylon addition was prepared. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the samples. The three point bending test was applied to measure the fracture toughness of the composites. A reproducible value of 3.6±0.3 MPa.√m was found for samples containing 1 wt.% CfSWCNTs and nylon. This value is in the range of the cortical bone fracture toughness. Increase of the CfSWCNTs content results to decrease of the fracture toughness, and formation of secondary phases.
Blood-brain barrier restoration following cold injury.

AbstractCerebral blood flow (CBF), 113m Indium-DPTA, and 14C-glucose extraction were measured simultaneously in rat brain from 2 to 58 days following a thermal insult. In the early stage of a cold induced lesion (2 days), the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was disrupted with resulting leakage and diffusionary loss of both glucose and Indium-DPTA. The adjacent, nonnecrotic brain showed similar but more subtle changes. In both areas, CBF was markedly reduced. CBF and augmented loss of glucose and Indium-DPTA continued in the epicenter of the lesion for up to 58 days postinjury while the BBB function in the brain areas surrounding the lesion returned toward normal. These findings were consistent with observation of disruption of BBB activity and of immature brain capillaries during the reparative period.
Effects of Corolla Retention in Cotton on Heliothis spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larval Numbers and Damage

It has been observed that the retention of flower corollas, or “bloomtags,” on developing cotton bolls is associated with increases in the likelihood of damage to the bolls by Heliothis zea (Boddie). Data are presented to support this conclusion. This phenomenon is thought to be due to the protected nature of the feeding site and preference of larvae for flowers.
Marginalised, yet mobilised: The UGTSF, African immigration, and racial advocacy in postcolonial France:

The Union Generale des Travailleurs Senegalais en France (UGTSF) and its leader, Sally N’Dongo, sought to raise awareness and provide assistance that would create greater understanding, decrease racism, and promote equality and opportunity in postcolonial France. The UGTSF’s rise to prominence signified the emergence of a postcolonial African trade union movement that provided advocacy and support. Through the UGTSF, African immigrants involved themselves in some of the most important debates of the era, while addressing critical issues such as racial discrimination and exclusion, the politics of social welfare for immigrant workers, and the challenges of integration.
Self-reported activity and accelerometry in 2 behavior-maintenance trials.

OBJECTIVES To compare between accelerometry (MVPA-A) and self-reported activity (MVPA-SR) in activity-maintenance (Keep Active Minnesota; KAM) and weight loss-maintenance (Keep It Off; KIO) trials. METHODS Linear regression estimated moderation of study, treatment, or time on MVPA-A and MVPA-SR associations. RESULTS MVPA-A was similar between studies (KAM 119 minutes, KIO 112 minutes, p = .555), whereas MVPA-SR differed significantly (KAM 350 minutes, KIO 87 minutes, p < .0001). Only study moderated correlation between MVPA-A and MVPA-SR. MVPA-SR better predicted MVPA-A in KIO relative to KAM (p = .023). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that self-presentation bias may influence validity of self-report in intervention studies with activity as a primary outcome. Researchers should select self-report to assess activity dimensions that objective measures capture poorly.
A Realization Scheme of Substation Area Control System Based on GOOSE Message in Station Level

A substation area control system based on generic object oriented substation event(GOOSE) message at the station level is firstly proposed and realized.The proposed system consists of the bay device,monitor and control subsystem and substation area control subsystem.The system transfers GOOSE message of the station level by double redundant computer of manufacturing message specification(MMS) network at the station level,and realizes functions such as backup power automatic switching,overload cut-off,overload blocking in smart substations.The system enhances the real-time of substation area control actions,and could replace devices and systems such as backup power automatic switching and overload cut-off.This system has been applied in many smart substations.
Test Methods of the Standard YY0600.3-2007 Emergency and Transport Ventilators

This article introduces the test methods of emergency and transport ventilators based on the comprehension of YY0600.3-2007 and actual test experience.It emphasizes the test method for inspiratory and expiratory resistance,leakage from the complete ventilator breathing system,the time-weighted average flow rate,pressure limitation under normal use.This introduction will help to significantly improve the test of emergency and transport ventilators.
Abstract B52: PTK6 inhibition as a novel strategy to reverse EMT and suppress metastasis of triple negative breast cancer

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) poses clinical challenges due to intrinsic biological aggressiveness and lack of targeted therapies. Hypothesis: Protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of TNBC, as well as their growth and metastatic potential. We evaluated PTK6 as a promising therapeutic target to prevent metastases of TNBC. Experimental Procedures: Levels of PTK6 have prognostic significance; higher transcript levels are associated with poor outcomes for patients. We modulated the level of PTK6 in breast epithelial and TNBC cell lines, and determined effects on growth, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis formation in vivo. Results: PTK6 promotes EMT; overexpression of kinase active PTK6 (Y447F) in non-transformed MCF10A cells promotes migration, suppresses expression of epithelial markers (E-cadherin, claudin-1), and increases expression of N-cadherin and fibronectin, markers of mesenchymal cells. Promotion of EMT is dependent on PTK6 kinase activity as overexpression of catalytically inactive PTK6 (K219M) failed to induce EMT. Downregulation of PTK6 in mesenchymal TNBC cells (human MDA-MB231 or murine MMTV-myc) restores epithelial properties and suppresses migration and growth in 3-D Matrigel TM cultures. PTK6 inhibition-induced E-cadherin expression is due to decreased expression of Snail, a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin. PTK6 downregulation promotes the proteasome-dependent degradation of Snail protein, via a mechanism that is independent of GSK3β activity. PTK6 inhibition promotes anoikis of TNBC cells in vitro and prevents metastases in vivo; decreased metastasis formation is directly linked to PTK6-dependent regulation of EMT and E-cadherin levels. Conclusions: Our studies support PTK6 inhibition as a novel strategy to impair metastasis of TNBC cells via reversal of mesenchymal properties. The kinase dependency of EMT regulation by PTK6 highlight the potential for clinical translation of recently developed PTK6 kinase inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy for patients with triple negative breast cancers. Citation Format: Koichi Ito, Sun Hee Park, Hanna Y. Irie. PTK6 inhibition as a novel strategy to reverse EMT and suppress metastasis of triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B52.
MODIFICATION OF HUMAN NATURAL CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY BY MVE-2

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the modification of human natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity by maleic anhydride and divinyl ether (MVE-2). In a study described in the chapter, a total of 21 evaluable patients with advanced refractory neoplastic disease were entered into the Phase I study of MVE-2. MVE-2 at the appropriate dose level was infused intravenously over two hours at weekly intervals for a total of six weeks. Three patients were entered at 150 mg/m 2 , four at 300 mg/m 2 , four at 350 mg/m 2 , one at 400 mg/m 2 , four at 450 mg/m 2 , and five at 600 mg/m 2 . Patients were monitored for biological response modification by measuring 29°C E-rosettes, 4°C E-rosettes, phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced blast transformation, pokeweed mitogen (PWM)–induced blast transformation, natural cytotoxicty to K-562, plasma interferon levels, and plasma lysozyme levels in the peripheral blood. All tests on cells were performed on Ficoll–Hypaque separated cells. All assays were performed twice prior to administration of MVE-2 and weekly thereafter for as long as the patient remained in the study. No significant changes in the levels of response to the T-cell mitogen PHA were noted during MVE-2 administration. However, nine of eighteen patients tested showed increased responses to pokeweed mitogen.
Introduction: Biologics to Treat Substance Use Disorders: Vaccines, Monoclonal Antibodies, and Enzymes

Traditional, small-molecule approaches have only been marginally successful in developing innovative therapies for substance use disorders (SUDs). For example, there are no FDA-approved medications to treat stimulant (e.g., cocaine and methamphetamine) use disorders, and based on an analysis of trials listed on www.clinicaltrials.gov, no approvals are anticipated during the next 5–7 years. Even when multiple pharmacotherapies are available (e.g., anti-smoking medications), efficacy over the long term is disappointing. Thus, 1-year abstinence rates are less than 20 % for individuals treated with approved products (e.g., nicotine patches and gum, bupropion, and varenicline). There are multiple factors contributing to this dearth of pharmacotherapies, including a high regulatory “bar” for approval (a period of end-of-trial abstinence is currently the only acceptable endpoint measure) (McCann and Li 2012; Winchell et al. 2012; Donovan et al. 2012), low medication compliance during the conduct of clinical trials (Anderson et al. 2012, 2014; Somoza et al. 2013), and, with few exceptions, the perception by pharma that developing medications to treat SUDs will not provide a favorable return on investment in real-world practice (Acri and Skolnick 2013). Biological approaches offer an alternative that may resolve some of the drawbacks associated with conventional pharmacotherapies.
Social Media Systems in the Workplace: Toward Understanding Employee Knowledge Creation via Microblogging within Shared Knowledge Domains

Adoption of social media systems (SMS), proprietary microblogging platforms in particular, for the purposes of information sharing has been increasingly on the rise among corporations. While Twitter is the preferred microblogging tool by the general public, there is scant research to address its viability as a conduit to facilitate knowledge creation among corporate users. As a result, this conceptual paper explores seven crucial Twitter features and derives to seven propositions that demonstrate how microblogging can enable knowledge creation among employees within shared knowledge domain.
Zariski Dense Surface Subgroups in SL(4

An infinite family of Zariski dense surface groups of fixed genus is exhibited inside , and an account is given of the computational method.
Waitlist Outcomes for Patients Relisted Following Failed Donation After Cardiac Death Liver Transplant: Implications for Awarding Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease Exception Scores

Understanding of outcomes for patients relisted for ischemic cholangiopathy following a donation after cardiac death (DCD) liver transplant (LT) will help standardization of a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease exception scheme for retransplantation. Early relisting (E-RL) for DCD graft failure caused by primary nonfunction (PNF) or hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) was defined as relisting ≤14 days after DCD LT, and late relisting (L-RL) due to biliary complications was defined as relisting 14 days to 3 years after DCD LT. Of 3908 DCD LTs performed nationally between 2002 and 2016, 540 (13.8%) patients were relisted within 3 years of transplant (168 [4.3%] in the E-RL group, 372 [9.5%] in the L-RL group). The E-RL and L-RL groups had waitlist mortality rates of 15.4% and 10.5%, respectively, at 3 mo and 16.1% and 14.3%, respectively, at 1 year. Waitlist mortality in the L-RL group was higher than mortality and delisted rates for patients with exception points for both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) at 3- to 12-mo time points (p < 0.001). Waitlist outcomes differed in patients with early DCD graft failure caused by PNF or HAT compared with those with late DCD graft failure attributed to biliary complications. In L-RL, higher rates of waitlist mortality were noted compared with patients listed with exception points for HCC or HPS.
Manifestations of sickle cell disease on thoracic imaging.

Abstract Sickle cell disease is an inherited hemolytic disease with systemic complications. These complications significantly impact the patients' quality of life. There are characteristic radiological findings that can aid in the diagnosis and management of common sequelae of sickle cell disease. In this review, we will discuss the thoracic imaging findings of common complications of sickle cell disease in an organ-based approach and provide imaging examples of them.
Invited hauntings in site-specific performance and poetry: The Asylum Project

This field report from The Asylum Project, an Olimpias disability culture experiment, centres non-mainstream experiences of space in two Michigan performances, accessing extrasensory experiences as...
Ligamentous Knee Injury

The four ligaments of the knee are the anterior and posterior cruciates, and the medial and lateral collaterals. Physical examination is key to the diagnosis of ligamentous knee injuries, which can be confirmed with MRI. In particular, anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL) commonly occurs via a pivoting or cutting motion, most often seen in young athletes. Multi-ligamentous knee injuries often result from higher energy trauma and may represent knee dislocation, prompting more urgent evaluation.
The FIELD Policy Service

The message-passing framework outlined in the previous chapter is sufficient for most functions within a programming environment. However. as seen there in the discussion of Hewlett-Packard’s Softbench and Sun’s Tooltalk, additional functionality is needed as programming environments become more complex and as the framework is extended to other applications. Rather than complicating the messaging implementation with this functionality, FIELD uses a separate tool, the policy service.
Images and Information Processing

The unique role of images in information processing is to provide a counterpart to verbal processing. Images appear to be more intimately linked to the individual experience than the verbal labels naming these experiences. Images may be more directly expressed visually than verbally. The specific characteristics of imagery that enhance their effectiveness in therapy were pointed out previously.
Thermochemical Vapor Deposition of Diamond in a Carbon-Halogen-Oxygen and/or Sulfur Atmospheric Hot Wall Reactor

Abstract Previous CVD diamond research and production has been primarily carried out with hydrocarbon-hydrogen-oxygen based systems. In these systems, the hydrogen atom as well as other free radicals, e. g., CH 3 , are formed with hot filaments, plasmas, flames, etc. In most cases, diamond is thought to form with the evolution of H 2 as the final step in the carbon bond formation process. The alternative evolution of HX (where X is a halogen atom), water, and/or some other thermodynamically stable species has been studied in halogen containing systems where formation of these species is suggested as being in part responsible for the lower diamond growth temperatures which are found. The importance of oxygen and/or sulfur in these systems is discussed as additives which enhance the halogen-assisted process. Furthermore, a hydrogen-free mixture of CS 2 and F 2 has been found to produce diamond.
The evidence of human exposure to glyphosate: a review

Despite the growing and widespread use of glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide and desiccant, very few studies have evaluated the extent and amount of human exposure. We review documented levels of human exposure among workers in occupational settings and the general population. We conducted a review of scientific publications on glyphosate levels in humans; 19 studies were identified, of which five investigated occupational exposure to glyphosate, 11 documented the exposure in general populations, and three reported on both. Eight studies reported urinary levels in 423 occupationally and para-occupationally exposed subjects; 14 studies reported glyphosate levels in various biofluids on 3298 subjects from the general population. Average urinary levels in occupationally exposed subjects varied from 0.26 to 73.5 μg/L; environmental exposure urinary levels ranged from 0.16 to 7.6 μg/L. Only two studies measured temporal trends in exposure, both of which show increasing proportions of individuals with detectable levels of glyphosate in their urine over time. The current review highlights the paucity of data on glyphosate levels among individuals exposed occupationally, para-occupationally, or environmentally to the herbicide. As such, it is challenging to fully understand the extent of exposure overall and in vulnerable populations such as children. We recommend further work to evaluate exposure across populations and geographic regions, apportion the exposure sources (e.g., occupational, household use, food residues), and understand temporal trends.
Leadership development in dental education: report on the ADEA Leadership Institute, 2000-08.

This report describes participants’ assessment of their experiences in the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) Leadership Institute program. The ADEA Leadership Institute is designed for mid-career faculty members who desire to attain administrative roles within their own or other institutions or enhance their effectiveness in these roles. This year-long program, conducted in four phases, is ADEA’s flagship career enhancement program and provides dental educators with perspectives about oral health policy and legislation, organization and financing of higher education, the dental school’s role within the parent institution, financial management, legal issues, recruiting faculty, and opportunities to acquire and practice skills associated with effective leadership. ADEA Leadership Institute Fellows also explore team-building, personality preferences, leadership styles, emotional intelligence, stress management, work-life balance, strategies for leading change, and giving and receiving feedback, as well as engaging in self- and peer assessment throughout the year. Each year up to twenty-one fellows are selected to participate in the institute in a competitive application process. In 2009, 149 fellows who participated in the institute from 2000 to 2008 were invited to take part in a survey to establish their profiles and academic leadership roles, determine their perceptions of the benefits from the institute curriculum, and elicit their suggestions for improvement. The survey response rate was 73 percent (n=109). Ninety-nine percent of respondents gave an overall positive assessment of their experiences. The most beneficial experiences, according to respondents, included networking with the program participants, advisors, and instructors (78 percent); self-discovery through self-assessments and evaluations (44 percent); and a 360° feedback process to provide additional reflection about areas for improvement (17 percent). Least beneficial experiences identified by survey respondents included sessions devoted to oral health legislation (33 percent), group projects (28 percent), and mentorship received during the institute year (12 percent). In the final part of the survey, participants provided suggestions for improvements and new areas for program planners to consider. Additions to the current curriculum (30 percent)—such as how to recruit and retain faculty—and advanced leadership training (15 percent)—including behavioral change theory—topped the improvement list. The results of this study indicate that the ADEA Leadership Institute is fulfilling its mission. Fellows are advancing in their careers and assuming administrative leadership roles within their home institutions while making scholarly contributions to the literature and undertaking leadership positions in ADEA.
Pilot Study to Evaluate the Adjunct Use of a Povidone-Iodine Topical Antiseptic in Patients with Soft Tissue Abscesses.

Abstract Background Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) antiseptic solutions have been shown to be effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcal aureus, a common cause of superficial skin abscesses. Objectives Our objective was to study the feasibility of using PVP-I as a treatment adjunct in patients with superficial skin abscesses and determine if it confers any benefit over incision and drainage (ID 95% confidence interval [CI] −10.7 to 16.8; p = 0.53). There was a significantly higher adverse event rate in the group who received PVP-I (59.6%) vs. standard care (26.5%) (difference 33.1%, 95% CI 13.2–50.2; p Conclusions There was no difference in clinical cure rates among patients using PVP-I (88.2%) vs. standard care (91.3%) after I&D. There were no major adverse events, but the addition of PVP-I was commonly associated with local skin irritation.