cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A vibrotactile feedback approach to posture guidance

In this paper, we explore the use of vibrotactile haptic feedback to improve performance of a sensory-motor task. Our specific application is seated posture guidance. Poor sitting postures, over time, can lead to health concerns such as low back pain. We propose a real-time haptic feedback system that actively senses and guides a person to a desired posture. We have instrumented an ergonomic office chair with a simple system using 7 force-sensitive resistors (FSRs) for posture detection and 6 vibrotactile actuators (“tactors”) for haptic feedback. When the chair detects that the subject is not sitting in the desired posture, one or more tactors will vibrate, directing the subject towards or away from a certain position. In a pilot study of 10 subjects (age 23.9±1.45, weight 71.1±13.6kg, height 175±11.2cm), 100% sat in the reference posture (upright) more often when there was haptic feedback than when there was not. Additionally, when haptic feedback was temporarily disabled without the subject's knowledge, all of the subjects continued to sit in upright or near-upright postures. These findings suggest that vibrotactile feedback can be an effective means of communicating musculoskeletal commands to the human sensory-motor system, especially for motor training and rehabilitation.
Cold response, body form, and craniofacial shape in two racial groups of Hawaii.

The goals of this research were two. A first aim was to determine relationships between craniofacial anatomy and craniofacial response to cold, and a second, to apply the results to historical and evolutionary models. Detailed anthropometric measurements were taken on 58 young men native to Hawaii; 33 were of Japanese descent, and 25 of European ancestry. Facial and other temperatures were recorded during 70 minutes of cooling at 0°C. Heat loss was enhanced by ten foot-per-second air movement. Though the Europeans showed more cold-induced vasodilation at facial sites, there were cross-sample correlation agreements which suggested that temperatures remain lower in the presence of high cheek thickness, protrusive malar area, and probably a smaller, shorter head. Consequently, the Coon-Garn-Birdsell “cold-engineered face,” based on a frostbite selection model, is rejected, and an effort is made to fit Asiatics, Europeans and European Neanderthals to current findings. Additional detail is presented on shape-temperature regressions as well as simple racial comparisons for cranio-facial shape, body build, and temperature.
Intracavity phase interferometry: frequency combs sensor inside a laser cavity

In traditional interferometric measurements, a physical quantity that changes the phase of a resonator is monitored through a change of its transmission. Interferometry inside a laser exploits the ultimate Q-factor of that resonator, and converts the phase to be measured into a frequency. A mode-locked laser with two intracavity pulses emits two frequency combs of the same repetition rate. The quantity to be measured (a sub-nano displacement, a nonlinear index, an acceleration or rotation, a magnetic or electric field) produces a minute phase change ( rad) in one of the two intracavity pulses, which is converted into a frequency, measured by beating the two pulse trains emitted by the laser. This paper presents methods of operating mode-locked lasers in which two independent pulses circulate, producing two frequency combs of the same repetition rate. Various examples of physical quantities that can be measured through this technique are presented.
Ontogeny: Operant Conditioning

Chapter 5 described one type of ontogenetic ultimate cause of behavior—classical conditioning. This chapter introduces another ontogenetic ultimate cause—operant conditioning—and the variables that affect it. These variables influence behavior in a wide range of species, especially human beings. We humans are, however, also affected by language, which is a special kind of operant behavior. Chapter 8 examines the role of language in human behavior.
Does Ribosomal DNA Get Out of the Micronuclear Chromosome in Paramecium tetraurelia by Means of a Rolling Circle

The macronuclear genes coding for rRNA (ribosomal DNA [rDNA]) of Paramecium tetraurelia, stock 51, are arranged in polymers consisting of units made up of a transcribed coding region and a nontranscribed spacer region. The whole macronuclear polymer ends with a portion of the spacer on either end followed by a telomere. Six kinds of macronuclear units, or genes, were mapped. Spacers were different, and transcribed regions were the same. These genes are found in markedly different numbers in the macronucleus. The most common gene shows two regions in the spacer where a sequence is followed by a direct repeat. The next most common gene is similar but shows a deletion plus a number of base pair substitutions. Although most cosmid clones contain only a single kind of gene, many contain more than one. These are thought to be produced by somatic crossing over. The four micronuclear genes that have been isolated consist of a single central transcribed region and portions of the spacer on either end. Sequencing indicates that the two ends of the molecule are partially redundant. While the spacer region at the right end of the macronuclear polymer is derived from the micronuclear spacer on the right, the spacer at the left end of the macronuclear polymer is derived from regions of the micronuclear spacer on both the right and the left. To account for this situation, a rolling-circle model for generation of the macronuclear rDNA from the micronuclear DNA is proposed.
Improving Vocabulary Skills of Kindergarten Students through a Multi-Tier Instructional Approach.

There is a growing need for the inclusion of direct, explicit vocabulary instruction in the early elementary grades. Young children are entering school with a wide range of early literacy experiences, including vocabulary knowledge. Those students who are limited in their vocabulary knowledge are at a greater risk for later language and reading difficulties. When providing intensive vocabulary instruction to students who are at risk for language and reading difficulties, it is important to use features of effective instruction and intervention, including (a) direct, explicit instruction that includes extensive teacher modeling; (b) teacher and material scaffolding that carefully controls the level of task difficulty (e.g., moving from easier to more difficult tasks throughout the instruction); and (c) numerous practice opportunities with immediate and specific feedback.
Two-Dimensional Designs of Radiation Hard Conventional Multipole Magnets at FRIB

The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) calls for magnets with fields with varying multipole content. Magnets of this type can be fabricated with either conventional or superconducting windings. Many of these magnets will be located in regions with very high levels of neutron radiation. The radiation can cause heating in the conductor and any iron that is around the conductor. This report describes a magnet that is a combined sextupole and octupole. Because of the high radiation environment this magnet will see, the magnet designs presented here use conventional copper conductors. Three coil and iron designs are presented in this paper. Since FRIB is a single pass machine, the design field requirements for this magnet are not as stringent as they would be for a typical circular accelerator.
Host status of blueberry to invasive tephritid fruit flies in Hawaii.

Forced infestation studies were conducted to determine whether northern or southern highbush blueberries, Vaccinium corymbosum L., are hosts for the invasive tephritid fruit flies in Hawaii. Fruit were exposed to gravid female flies of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (oriental fruit fly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Mediterranean fruit fly), or Bactrocera cucurbitae Coquilet (melon fly) in screen cages outdoors for 6 h and then held on sand in the laboratory for 2 wk for pupal and adult emergence. The number of puparia, number of puparia per gram, and percentage of adult emergence on ‘Bluecrop’ blueberry were significantly higher for B. dorsalis and C. capitata than B. cucurbitae; B. dorsalis, C. capitata, and B. cucurbitae produced an average of 1.06, 0.60, and 0.09 pupae per g fruit and had 50.8, 54.1, and 12.7% adult emergence, respectively. ‘Berkeley’ blueberries produced an average of only 0.06, 0.02, and 0.0 pupae per g fruit for B. dorsalis, C. capitata, and B. cucurbitae, respectively. Similarly, six blueberry cultivars were harvested weekly for 10 wk, exposed to Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) in cages, and held for pupal and adult emergence on either sand or artificial diet. In total, 2,677 blueberries were exposed to 2,681 B. latifrons and held on sand, and no pupariation or adult emergence was observed. Small numbers of B. latifrons puparia and adults emerged from the artificial diet treatment in all cultivars. Results from rearing on sand and diet indicate that blueberry is an acceptable oviposition host for B. latifrons but not an adequate developmental host. These data suggest blueberry is potentially a good host for B. dorsalis and C. capitata, and an adequate host for Bactrocera cucurbitae, but that there may be significant variation in resistance among cultivars. Blueberry seems to be a nonhost for B. latifrons.
Chesapeake Bay Model Study for Calvert Cliffs

A hydraulic model study was conducted to study the warm water effluent from the proposed nuclear power plant at Calvert Cliffs on Chesapeake Bay. The intake structure and discharge structure configurations were developed in part through the model study. Basically, a deep water intake and a subsurface jet discharge was the result of all studies. Results of the studies were displayed as a series of plots showing plan view isotherms at several depths including the water surface. Plots of temperatures on various vertical sections were also presented to indicate the depth distribution of temperature. The maximum observed surface temperature was a 4°F increase outside of a small local area near the plant outlet, while differential temperatures of less than 0.5°F were observed at considerable distance from the plant site.
Scientific Practice in the Contexts of Peripheral Science: C. V. Raman and His Construction of a Mechanical Violin-Player

Peripheral science, i.e., scientific activity outside the standard Western contexts, is often viewed as not a very interesting topic in the philosophy of science. In this article, I seek to propose a framework for thinking about such scientific practices with the help of a case study. I argue that the peripheral scientific practices offer us a new window for understanding how contributory expertise in science can be born amidst difficult circumstances, and how, in seeking to found such new practices, peripheral scientists often build (emerging) trading zones. I finally argue that in the transnational scientific practices of the twenty-first century, understanding such zones might be essential for understanding the nature of scientific enterprise as well as for formulating a (future) science policy.
Biosimilars: Extrapolating the evidence. A roundtable discussion.

Biological anticancer therapies developed in recent decades have contributed to improvements in patient care for serious illnesses. Patents for several biologics will soon expire, paving the way for initiating approval processes for biosimilars—defined as highly similar versions of already licensed or approved biological therapies. The aim of developing a biosimilar is to establish similarity in terms of quality, safety, and efficacy rather than to reestablish clinical benefit. Fundamentally if two products are highly similar, all aspects of their therapeutic effects (ie, safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy) should also be highly similar. This introduces a different way of thinking about drug development for clinicians, who will ultimately analyze and integrate biosimilars into existing treatment paradigms. As such, oncologists across specialties need to understand the core concepts of biosimilarity, including extrapolation—the approval of a biosimilar for use in an indication held by the previously approved biological therapy (deemed the reference product), but not directly studied in a comparative clinical trial with the biosimilar. Extrapolation is the highly scrutinized scientific rationale that bridges data collected across indications and has important implications in oncology, where biological anticancer therapies are currently licensed for use across tumor types and in supportive care. In this roundtable discussion, experts specializing in breast, lung, hematologic, and gynecologic cancers highlight the scientific and clinical rationale behind establishment of biosimilarity and extrapolation. They provide practical insight into the implications of biosimilars for clinical practices, including their potential to expand global access to important medicines for patients and clinicians.
Abstract 1486: Increased expression and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and 4E-binding protein (4E-BP1) correlates with disease progression and high risk clinical/pathological features in melanoma

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Cutaneous melanoma is an increasingly important public health problem, as the incidence of this disease has increased 15-fold during the last four decades, more than any other malignancy. There is a great need for biomarkers that can be used both for both diagnosis and prognosis in melanoma. Identification of such biomarkers may provide insight into the pathogenesis of this disease, and also suggest rational therapeutic approaches. Protein translation has been shown to play a significant role in carcinogenesis in various organ systems. Several pathways upstream of protein translation are deregulated during melanoma development, including the RAS-RAF-MAPK and the PI3K-AKT kinase cascades. It is unknown whether dysregulated translational machinery contributes to the pathogenesis of melanoma. In order to test the hypothesis that dysregulation of protein translation plays a significant role in melanoma, we have performed immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate expression of phospho-4E-BP1 (p4E-BP1), phospho-eIF4E (peIF4E) and total eIF4E in benign nevi (n=49), primary melanomas (n=130), and melanoma metastases (n=47 cases) specimens obtained from the Department of Pathology of The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. A significant positive correlation was observed between the percentage of positively staining cells and staining intensity for p4E-BP1 (p<0.0001) and peIF4E (p<0.0008) with progression from benign nevi to primary tumors, and from primary tumors to metastases. Significantly higher levels of p4E-BP1 (p=0.0085) and total eIF4E (p=0.0173) proteins were observed in samples with vertical growth phase than in samples with radial growth phase only. Higher levels of p4E-BP1 were also observed in samples with ulceration (p=0.0167), which is a well-established marker of poor clinical outcomes in patients with local and regional melanoma. Thus, total and phosphorylated eIF4E and phosphorylated 4E-BP1 correlate with disease progression and high risk clinical and pathological features in melanoma. These findings provide new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of melanoma, and suggest that protein translation machinery may be an important therapeutic target in this disease. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1486.
Epidemiological analysis of morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases in Yunnan Province from 1990-2011

[Objective]To analyze the incidence,death characteristics and variation tendency of Class A and B of notifiable diseases in Yunnan province from 1990-2011,and summarize prevention and control experience.[Methods]Based on the reported data of notifiable diseases in Yunnan Province from 1990-2011,the incidence and mortality of infectious disease were retrospectively analyzed,and the incidence,death characteristic and variation tendency were described.[Results] During 21 years,the incidence of infectious disease showed a downward trend,the highest incidence was 317.72 /100 000 in 1991,the lowest incidence was 175.08/100 000 in 2000,with the average incidence rate of 218.3101/100 000.The constitute of infection disease was significantly changed which were intestinal infectious diseases from 70.72% in 1990 dropped to 16.61% in 2011,insect-borne infectious diseases constitute from 16.93% in 1990 down to 8.35% in 2011,blood and sexually transmitted infectious diseases constitute from 5.68% in 1990 rising to 47.04% in 2011.Infectious disease mortality rate in an upward trend,the mortality rate was 1.23/100 000 in 1990 rising to 3.39 /100 000 in 2011,and AIDS mortality rate up to 2.743 3/100 000 in 2011.[Conclusion]Incidence and mortality of infectious diseases has undergone a fundamental change among 21 years in Yunnan Province.The Incidence rate of intestinal,insect-borne and neonatal tetanus has decreased significantly.A significant increase in blood and sexually transmitted infections was come to pass.The change of infectious diseases spectrum reflects the control measures taken are effective,but the upward trend in some infectious diseases suggest that long-term and complex nature of the infectious diseases.It is necessary to strengthen and improve the research and control efforts to effective control of infectious diseases.
Survey on Awareness of AIDS and the Related Behaviors Among Male Migrant Workers in Doumen District of Zhuhai City

Objective To investigate AIDS-related knowledge and behaviors among migrant workers in Doumen District of Zhuhai City,and to provide the scientific evidence for conducting HIV/AIDS prevention,health education,and intervention in migrant workers.Methods One-to-one questionnaire interviews were conducted to migrant workers according to AIDS Sentinel Surveillance of Floating Population(Health Survey Questionnaire).Serum samples were collected from the surveyed workers for HIV-antibody detection.Results A total of 823 male migrant workers were surveyed.The awareness rate of transmission route of HIV/AIDS was 73.39%,but the awareness rate of non-transmission route was lower.The proportion of the migrant workers who used condoms with fixed sex partner each time in nearly one year was 18.51%,but that of the workers who never used condoms accounted for 46.52%.41 migrant workers had had sex intercourse with commercial sex workers,51.22% of them used condoms each time and 14.63% never used condoms.135 migrant workers had had sex intercourse with temporary sexual partners,44.44% of them used condoms each time and 16.30% never used condoms.10 migrant workers had experienced illicit drug use,and one worker was injecting drug user without needle sharing.No HIV-positive worker was found.Conclusions It is specially important for the prevention of AIDS through promoting the change of sex concept and establishing safe sex to the floating population.
One port laparoscopic high ligation for indirect inguinal hernia in children

Objective To study a new method of laparoscopic treatment for indirect inguinal hernia in children.Methods 102 cases with indirect inguinal hernia(right:70 cases,left:20 cases,bilateral:12 cases)were treated by laparoscopic surgery.Among the unilateral hernias,9cases had contralateral latent hernia.All patients had been underwent high ligation surgery with laparoscope.Results The mean of operative time was 14 mins in unilateral hernia and 26 mins in bilateral hernia.The mean of postoperative hospital stay was 48 h.Skin sutures were not required.All patients had been followed-up for 6～26 months(15 months mean).No complication and recurrence were detected.Conclusions One port laparoscopic high ligation for indirect inguinal hernia in children is a simple,satisfactory,effective,and minimally invasive surgical method.
THE IDENTITY AND SYNONYMY OF PHEIDOLE VIGILANS, A COMMON ANT OF SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)

The common Pheidole species of southeastern Australia that is usually called Pheidole yarrensis is actually P. vigilans (F. Smith), of which the following are subjective junior synonyms as based on type comparisons: P. dolichocephala Andre, P. ampla var. yarrensis Forel, P. ampla var. parallela Forel, and P. ampla norfolkensis Wheeler.
Micro-continuum Approach for Pore-Scale Simulation of Subsurface Processes

The enormous growth in computational capabilities of recent years has made Navier–Stokes-based simulation of flow and transport in natural porous media possible. Because of the complex multiscale nature of porous media, however, full Navier–Stokes representation of the physics everywhere in the domain is not always feasible. Here, we employ, a filtering—or micro-continuum—approach to model the smallest length scales. The Darcy–Brinkman–Stokes (DBS) equation offers an appealing framework for this hybrid modeling. A general modeling framework based on the DBS equation is proposed. The approach is then used to bridge the gap between scales for several challenging problems, including flow in fractured media, pore-scale simulation with immersed boundary conditions, modeling of dissolution phenomena, and thermal evolution of oil shale.
New aspects of etiopathogenesis and clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus type 1 in children

Apparent increase of the incidence of childhood diabetes mellitus has been observed in many countries over the last decades. Data of seasonality are not consistent, especially in younger group. The triggering of the autoimmune process in genetically susceptible individuals may be the result of a variety of environmental factors including viral infections, specific nutrients, early introduction of cow's milk proteins and ingestion of nitrosamines, stress-inducing events, early perinatal lesions. Clinical studies of the last decade have confirmed that diabetes mellitus in young children is specific type of type 1 diabetes. At presentation, children in preschool age group, who have type 1 diabetes, have higher incidence of ketoacidosis with coma because of immaturity of the central nervous system. Delays in diagnosis in small children often lead to more severe dehydration and ketoacidosis. Chi dren in the young age group who have type 1 diabetes represent unique set of problems for their families and health care team.
Afro-Brazilian citizenship and the politics of history

The politics of race, citizenship, and history have long been intertwined in Brazil. After the abolition of Brazilian slavery in 1888, Brazilian governments attempted to relegate blackness and Afro...
The Bayley-III Motor Scale

Publisher Summary The original work of Bayley in 1969 led to an understanding of how motor skills develop in the child. The Bayley-III Scales reflect this expanded view of motor development. The original scales assumed that infant development reflects neuromaturation and genetic endowment. These assumptions led to a standardized set of procedures to elicit the sequence of skills that appear to be common to human development. Development was viewed to be lockstep, and individual variations in how children performed motor skills were not of great interest. Delays in infant development were attributed to genetic endowment or neurological deficit without considering the infant's environment and opportunities for learning. Since the original Bayley Scales, researchers have demonstrated that, although most infants follow a typical developmental sequence, the ways in which typically developing infants perform specific skills is variable. These researchers and others have demonstrated that infants organize motor actions around functional goals. Motor skill development is influenced by what the physical environment provides, including the objects available to the child. Children adapt locomotion patterns when they detect different possibilities for action. Learning new movement patterns and motor skills is a complex interaction of multiple factors. As infants and children develop strength and balance, their ability to detect possibilities for action improves.
Clinical Utility of Next-Generation Sequencing for Oncogenic Mutations in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Undergoing Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Abstract To determine the association of somatic mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with risk of relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT), we retrospectively studied pre-transplantation genetic profiles obtained from next-generation sequencing of 26 genes in 112 adult patients with AML who underwent alloHSCT. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were used to assess the association between the presence of a pathogenic mutation and risk of relapse after alloHSCT. Eighty-six percent (96 of 112) of patients had at least 1 pathogenic mutation. Mutations in TP53, WT1, and FLT3-internal tandem duplication (ITD) were associated with an increased risk of relapse after alloHSCT (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 2.90; P = .009; aHR, 2.51; P = .02; and aHR, 1.83; P = .07, respectively). DNMT3A mutation in the absence of FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations was associated with a lower relapse risk (aHR, .22; P = .04). Comparison of pre-alloHSCT and post-alloHSCT genetic profiles showed clonal evolution in 6 of 6 patients, including acquisition of actionable mutations in 4 patients. In summary, genetic profiling is useful for assessing relapse risk in patients with AML undergoing alloHSCT and may identify patients in need of strategies to reduce this risk. Clonal evolution is present at post-alloHSCT relapse and repeat genetic profiling may uncover acquired actionable mutations.
Fidaxomicin reduces early toxin A and B production and sporulation in Clostridium difficilein vitro.

Purpose. Fidaxomicin, a macrocyclic antibiotic, has been approved for the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Previous work by our group has demonstrated that some antibiotics at sub-inhibitory concentrations stimulate early toxin production and sporulation by C. difficile. Prior studies revealed that fidaxomicin, when added to late stationary-phase organisms, reduced exotoxin production and spore formation by C. difficile. However, the ability of fidaxomicin to trigger early virulence factor production and spore formation has never been investigated. Methodology. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of the RNA synthesis inhibitor fidaxomicin (1/4×, 1/8×, 1/16× MIC) were added immediately to lag-phase cultures of historical (strain 9689) and epidemic BI/NAP1/027 (strain 5325) strains of C. difficile, and their effects on sporulation and toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB) production were compared. Results/Key findings. Even at sub-inhibitory concentrations, all doses of fidaxomicin reduced both TcdA and TcdB gene expression and protein production in the historical and epidemic C. difficile strains. Fidaxomicin also dose-dependently reduced viable spore production by the 9689 and 5325 strains. Reductions in spore formation were also observed in both strains treated with tigecycline and vancomycin. However, all concentrations of metronidazole stimulated a ~2 log increase in spore production by the 5325 isolate. Conclusion. The ability of fidaxomicin to suppress early exotoxin production and endospore formation by historical and epidemic strains of C. difficile may explain its clinical success in treating severe and recurrent cases of CDI disease.
Five New Species of Lepidium (Brassicaceae): L. pabotii (Iran), L. arequipa (Peru), and L. lapazianum, L. linearilobum, and L. stephan-beckii (Bolivia)

The Iranian Lepidium pabotii Al-Shehbaz, Peruvian L. arequipa Al-Shehbaz, and Bolivian L. lapazianum Al-Shehbaz & S. G. Beck, L. linearilobum Al-Shehbaz, and L. stephan-beckii Al-Shehbaz (Brassicaceae) are described and illustrated. Their relationships to nearest relatives and means of distinguishing them are discussed.
Virtual Human Role Players for Studying Social Factors in Organizational Decision Making.

The cyber domain of military operations presents many challenges. A unique element is the social dynamic between cyber operators and their leadership because of the novel subject matter expertise involved in conducting technical cyber tasks, so there will be situations where senior leaders might have much less domain knowledge or no experience at all relative to the warfighters who report to them. Nonetheless, it will be important for junior cyber operators to convey convincing information relevant to a mission in order to persuade or influence a leader to make informed decisions. The power dynamic will make it difficult for the junior cyber operator to successfully influence a higher ranking leader. Here we present a perspective with a sketch for research paradigm(s) to study how different factors (normative vs informational social influence, degree of transparency, and perceived appropriateness of making suggestions) might interact with differential social power dynamics of individuals in cyber decision-making contexts. Finally, we contextualize this theoretical perspective for the research paradigms in viable training technologies.
Anharmonicity-induced first-order isostructural phase transition of zirconium under pressure

We have performed a detailed x-ray diffraction structural study of Zr under pressure and unambiguously identify the existence of a first-order isostructural bcc-to-bcc phase transition near 58 GPa. First-principles quantum molecular dynamics calculations support the existence of this phase transition, in excellent agreement with experimental results, triggered by anharmonic effects. Our results highlight the potential ubiquity of anharmonically driven isostructural transitions within the periodic table under pressure and call for follow-up experimental and theoretical studies.
Management of Non-melanoma Skin Cancers: Rare Subtypes

Several rare types of non-melanoma skin cancer exist that each present unique challenges in terms of diagnosis and management. Merkel cell carcinoma is a neuroendocrine skin cancer that is typically found on the head and neck region of older Caucasian males. It typically presents as an asymptomatic, rapidly growing red-violet nodule. Due to its aggressive nature, surgical excision with wide margins or Mohs surgery, often with adjuvant radiation, is recommended therapy. Pembrolizumab is a newer therapy for advanced Merkel cell carcinoma that has shown great promise. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a locally aggressive and rarely metastatic sarcoma with extensive subclinical spread, necessitating large excision margins or Mohs surgery for treatment. Imatinib has been shown to be effective in a specific subset of advanced DFSP lesions. Atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) is an intermediate-grade, superficial fibrohistiocytic neoplasm that typically presents on the head and neck of elderly Caucasian males. Newer guidelines have separated AFX and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) into two separate lesions. Treatment for AFX is primarily surgical via wide local excision or Mohs micrographic surgery. Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare and aggressive malignancy that is separated into periorbital and extraocular subtypes. Sebaceous carcinoma is primarily treated with wide local excision or Mohs surgery. Sentinel lymph node biopsy is recommended for periorbital sebaceous carcinoma, but not typically for extraocular sebaceous carcinoma. Dermatologists play a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of all of these tumors, often in conjunction with a multispecialty team for comprehensive management.
A Coupled Model of Zonally Averaged Dynamics, Radiation and Chemistry

A brief review is given of the three generations of 2-D models used in chemical transport studies, with emphasis on the “third generation”, coupled models in both isobaric and isentropic coordinates.
A “Culture” Shift: Broad Bacterial Detection, Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Directly from Whole Blood

BACKGROUND: The time required for bloodstream pathogen detection, identification (ID), and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) does not satisfy the acute needs of disease management. Conventional methods take up to 3 days for ID and AST. Molecular diagnostics have reduced times for ID, but their promise to supplant culture is unmet because AST times remain slow. We developed a combined quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based ID+AST assay with sequential detection, ID, and AST of leading nosocomial bacterial pathogens. METHODS: ID+AST was performed on whole blood samples by (a) removing blood cells, (b) brief bacterial enrichment, (c) bacterial detection and ID, and (d) species-specific antimicrobial treatment. Broad-spectrum qPCR of the internal transcribed spacer between the 16S and 23S was amplified for detection. High-resolution melting identified the species with a curve classifier. AST was enabled by Ct differences between treated and untreated samples. RESULTS: A detection limit of 1 CFU/mL was achieved for Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. All species were accurately identified by unique melting curves. Antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentrations were identified with Ct differences of ≥1 cycle. Using an RNA target allowed reduction of AST incubation time from 60 min to 5 min. Rapid-cycle amplification reduced qPCR times by 83% to 30 min. CONCLUSIONS: Combined, sequential ID+AST protocols allow rapid and reliable detection, ID, and AST for the diagnosis of bloodstream infections, enabling conversion of empiric to targeted therapy by the second dose of antimicrobials.
Phonetics, psycholinguistics, and language-specificity

How does linguistic knowledge influence speech production, perception, and learning? In this presentation, I will review three sources of empirical evidence for language specificity in some of the most basic processes of speech communication. Each line of evidence will highlight the contributions of the remarkable Jongman-Sereno collaboration—the honorees of this special session—and their continuing influence on generations of students. First, we will consider language specific phonetics as it relates to the acoustic details of speech categories across languages with different sound inventories, including Modern Greek, German, English, and Spanish. Second, we will examine the influence of language background on speech perception through comparisons of pitch perception by speakers of languages with and without lexical tone. Finally, we will focus on speech training in adults when presented with novel speech patterns, asking in particular how general learning principles interact with language-specificity for perceptual adaptation to second-language or foreign-accented speech. In each of these domains—production, perception, and learning—we will see the expanding circles of interaction amongst Jongman, Sereno, and their many students and colleagues. Critically, these Jongman-Sereno contributions underscore the importance of cross-language comparison coupled with a highly collaborative research approach for understanding speech processing and learning.
Stochastic Synthesizer Patch Exploration in Edisyn

Edisyn is a music synthesizer program (or “patch”) editor library which enables musicians to easily edit and manipulate a variety of difficult-to-program synthesizers. Edisyn sports a first-in-class set of tools designed to help explore the parameterized space of synthesizer patches without needing to directly edit the parameters. This paper discusses the most sophisticated of these tools, Edisyn’s Hill-Climber and Constrictor methods, which are based on interactive evolutionary computation techniques. The paper discusses the special difficulties encountered in programming synthesizers, the motivation behind these techniques, and their design. It then evaluates them in an experiment with novice synthesizer users, and concludes with additional observations regarding utility and efficacy.
Beginning With Ganesha: The Founding and Early History of the Society for Technical Communication in India:

Scholars have given much weight to the question of professional legitimacy in the field of TPC, but much of that focus has been given to practitioners in Euro-Western contexts. However, practitione...
A Sliding Window for Path Mapping Based on a Pseudo-Derivative Method in Autonomous Navigation

A sliding window technique for vision-based autonomous navigation applications is a common approach to path mapping from extracted features. Mapping a path inside a captured image requires finding a series of waypoints representing the path. Previous approaches find these points by sliding a window along the path in fixed increments across one image dimension. After each slide, the center of the window in the other dimension is adjusted so that the window maximally covers the path in that area. These approaches, however, fails to map paths that experience sharp curvature since the windows slide along only one dimension. The method proposed herein uses a pseudo-derivative approach to sliding windows that improves upon the traditional technique by dynamically adjusting the windows along both image dimensions during each slide. In this method, the directional components of a vector representing the previous slide are used as a naive estimation to perform the current slide. If this fails to map the path, the vector direction is used to enlarge the window dimensions. The method was tested in the domain of autonomous vehicles for lane- following based on lane-markings. The algorithm proved to be successful with lanes possessing sharp curvature and discontinuities as compared to previous sliding window approaches.
Repeat Offenders: Marginal Deterrence and Redemption

This chapter extends the economic model of crime to include a dynamic element—given the reality that many criminals are repeat offenders. Several new issues arise in this context, including marginal deterrence, the possibility of redemption (or rehabilitation) of offenders, whether or not an offender’s criminal record should be considered in setting punishment for a current crime, and the role of prison in incapacitating dangerous repeat offenders. The parable of the Prodigal Son from the New Testament serves as a thematic point of departure for much of the discussion.
Global metabolic profiling to model biological processes of aging in twins.

Aging is intimately linked to system‐wide metabolic changes that can be captured in blood. Understanding biological processes of aging in humans could help maintain a healthy aging trajectory and promote longevity. We performed untargeted plasma metabolomics quantifying 770 metabolites on a cross‐sectional cohort of 268 healthy individuals including 125 twin pairs covering human lifespan (from 6 months to 82 years). Unsupervised clustering of metabolic profiles revealed 6 main aging trajectories throughout life that were associated with key metabolic pathways such as progestin steroids, xanthine metabolism, and long‐chain fatty acids. A random forest (RF) model was successful to predict age in adult subjects (≥16 years) using 52 metabolites (R 2 = .97). Another RF model selected 54 metabolites to classify pediatric and adult participants (out‐of‐bag error = 8.58%). These RF models in combination with correlation network analysis were used to explore biological processes of healthy aging. The models highlighted established metabolites, like steroids, amino acids, and free fatty acids as well as novel metabolites and pathways. Finally, we show that metabolic profiles of twins become more dissimilar with age which provides insights into nongenetic age‐related variability in metabolic profiles in response to environmental exposure.
Nanoscale resistive switching devices for memory and computing applications

With the slowing down of the Moore’s law and fundamental limitations due to the von-Neumann bottleneck, continued improvements in computing hardware performance become increasingly more challenging. Resistive switching (RS) devices are being extensively studied as promising candidates for next generation memory and computing applications due to their fast switching speed, excellent endurance and retention, and scaling and three-dimensional (3D) stacking capability. In particular, RS devices offer the potential to natively emulate the functions and structures of synapses and neurons, allowing them to efficiently implement neural networks (NNs) and other in-memory computing systems for data intensive applications such as machine learning tasks. In this review, we will examine the mechanisms of RS effects and discuss recent progresses in the application of RS devices for memory, deep learning accelerator, and more faithful brain-inspired computing tasks. Challenges and possible solutions at the device, algorithm, and system levels will also be discussed.
Estimate travel time of ships in narrow channel based on AIS data

Abstract This paper proposes an AIS-data-based model to accurately estimate vessels' travel time and its distribution between any two points in a narrow channel. It is crucial to know the travel time (plus its distribution) between some critical points for traffic control. The model has two components: (1) to identify a vessel's destination dock, and its arrival and departure times (the key is how to separate a vessel's trips); and (2) to estimate a vessel's travel time from its destination dock (or a specific point) to another specific point, or vice versa. Travel time between two points is called traversal time. The proposed algorithms were then applied to the Houston Ship Channel (HSC) with the AIS data of 11 months in 2017, focusing on the outbound trips in the section above the Beltway-8 Bridge. Through the travel times of cargos and tankers from their destination docks to a point are likely to be normally distributed, their traversal times between two points are more likely to be lognormally distributed. The traversal time distribution is significantly impacted by vessel width, draft and type, but independent from time-of-day and month. The adjacent link traversal times are also highly positively correlated.
Brief Cognitive Tests for Distinguishing Clinical Alzheimer-Type Dementia From Mild Cognitive Impairment or Normal Cognition in Older Adults With Suspected Cognitive Impairment

This systematic review of 57 studies examines the accuracy of brief cognitive tests (standalone tests; memory, executive function, and language tests; and brief multidomain batteries) for distingui...
Dizygotic twins with prolonged jaundice and microcytic, hypochromic, hemolytic anemia with pyropoikilocytosis.

Abstract Dizygotic twin males, born at 34 weeks gestation, had prolonged jaundice, microcytic, hypochromic anemia, FABarts hemoglobin, elevated end-tidal CO, and blood films consistent with hereditary pyropoikilocytosis. DNA sequencing revealed both had a heterozygous alpha spectrin (SPTA1) mutation (c.460_462dup) inherited from their asymptomatic mother, plus a 3-base pair duplication in alpha globin (HBA2) (c.364_366dupGTG) inherited from their asymptomatic father.
Home is just a phone away: Mobile phones and severity of social pain experiences

Abstract As personal mobile phone ownership approaches ubiquity, the devices are coming to play increasingly central roles in our social lives. Though considerable research has been conducted on the psychological impacts of mobile phone ownership and usage, much remains to be investigated. The current research assessed the impact of the presence and absence of personal mobile phones on a fundamental negative experience: social pain. Based on prior findings on the pain-reducing effects of photographs of loved ones (Master et al., 2009) and the role of mobile phones in enhancing feelings of belongingness (e.g. Walsh, White, & Young, 2009), we hypothesized that the presence of a personal mobile phone would reduce the intensity of a social pain experience. Results were mixed, with reduced social pain reported with phones present relative to absent but no observed effect on need-threat. While confirming the exact nature of the effect is not possible with present data, this research provides further evidence of the powerful influence personal phones can have on social experience.
Evaluating Areas of Preferred Hair Loss: Potential Implications for Rating Alopecia Severity

This survey study seeks to assess whether there is a preference for location of hair loss on the scalp.
Synthesis to Deployment: Cyber-Physical Control Architectures.

We consider the problem of how to deploy a controller to a (networked) cyber-physical system (CPS). Controlling a CPS is an involved task, and synthesizing a controller to respect sensing, actuation, and communication constraints is only part of the challenge. In addition to controller synthesis, one should also consider how the controller will be incorporated within the CPS. Put another way, the cyber layer and its interaction with the physical layer need to be taken into account. In this work, we aim to bridge the gap between theoretical controller synthesis and practical CPS deployment. We adopt the system level synthesis (SLS) framework to synthesize a controller, either state-feedback or output-feedback, and provide deployment architectures for the standard SLS controllers. Furthermore, we derive new controller realizations for open-loop stable systems and introduce different state-feedback and output-feedback architectures for deployment, ranging from fully centralized to fully distributed. Finally, we compare the trade-offs among them in terms of robustness, memory, computation, and communication overhead.
Contesting Hyperglobal Framings: An Analytical Approach

Since the term globalization erupted in public and academic discourses in the late-1980s, the hyperglobal perspective has been a prominent framing offered to understand global phenomena. Despite important challenges, it has remained extremely popular with its rhetoric exerting a powerful influence across the political spectrum, and in business and policy circles. This article argues that one reason for this durability is its inadvertent reproduction by the traditional understandings of “local” and “global” utilized in frameworks critiquing the hyperglobal perspective. More specifically, as scholars have noted, the global-local tends to be marked by dichotomous binaries and placed in a scalar hierarchy where the global overpowers the local. To side-step the issues emerging from the global-local approach, a conceptual rubric focusing on the “global-particular” relationship is offered as an alternative. This orientation helps prevent the importation of the dichotomous binaries and scalar hierarchies that reproduce hyperglobal imaginaries. As a result, it is easier to retain the complexity and contingency of global dynamics, and by extension, challenge hyperglobal framings. A case study of the global foreign exchange market is used to elaborate on the framework and to show why it provides a stronger point of departure for researching and theorizing globalization.
MAVE-NN: learning genotype-phenotype maps from multiplex assays of variant effect

Multiplex assays of variant effect (MAVEs), which include massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs) and deep mutational scanning (DMS) experiments, are being rapidly adopted in many areas of biology. However, inferring quantitative models of genotype-phenotype (G-P) maps from MAVE data remains challenging, and different inference approaches have been advocated in different MAVE contexts. Here we introduce a conceptually unified approach to the problem of learning G-P maps from MAVE data. Our strategy is grounded in concepts from information theory, and is based on the view of G-P maps as a form of information compression. We also introduce MAVE-NN, a Python package that implements this approach using a neural network backend. The capabilities and advantages of MAVE-NN are then demonstrated on three diverse DMS and MPRA datasets. MAVE-NN thus fills a major need in the computational analysis of MAVE data. Installation instructions, tutorials, and documentation are provided at https://mavenn.readthedocs.io .