cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feshbach molecule production in fermionic atomic gases

This paper examines the problem of molecule production in an atomic fermionic gas close to an $s$-wave Feshbach resonance by means of a magnetic field sweep through the resonance. In the solvable case of a narrow resonance, the density of molecules at the end of the process is derived for a slow sweep. It is shown that the density of the produced molecules is lower than what an application of a naive Landau-Zener formula for level crossing would imply. However, in the limit of a very slow sweep it is still possible to achieve full conversion of fermions into the molecules. It appears that the origin of the failure of the Landau-Zener picture of the molecule production is due to the fact that the sweep goes through a quantum phase transition in the limit of an infinitely narrow resonance, in agreement with general results recently discussed in the literature. However, the precise connection of this problem to other problems with this feature is not established.
The equilibrium distribution of acyl groups between primary and secondary hydroxyl positions in partial esters

In a previous paper the authors discussed the concept of the “relative esterifiability” of primary and secondary hydroxyl groups and demonstrated its utility in predicting the composition of partial glycerides under ester-interchange equilibrium conditions. The concept is clarified and expanded in the present paper. The compositions of partial glycerides at ester-interchange equilibrium are calculated using the estimated reactivities of the primary and secondary hydroxyls at 100 and 220C, and are compared to the composition calculated assuming equal hydroxyl reactivity. Base catalyzed esterification of propylene glycol with fatty acids is shown to be accompanied by rapid ester-interchange. As with glycerol partial esters, the relative esterifiability of the primary hydroxyl of propylene glycol exceeds that of the secondary.
Gas Production by Associated Swiss Cheese Bacteria

Summary Gas production in skimmilk cultures was markedly stimulated and inhibited by interactions of the late gas-formers with some but not all of the Swiss cheese lactic flora. The starter lactobacilli were markedly stimulatory for both Clostridium tyrobutyricum and Propionibacterium shermanii. Streptococcus thermophilus was very stimulatory for the Clostridium but without effect on the propionic, whereas Streptococcus faecalis generally had little effect on either gas-former. The nisin-producing strain of Streptococcus lactis was markedly inhibitory for the clostridium but without much effect on the propionic, whereas the ordinary strain of S. lactis had little effect on either. Gas production was stimulated when the clostridium and propionic were grown together. The stimulatory and inhibitory properties of the skimmilk cultures for the late gas-formers were at least in part dialyzable, heat- and acid-stable substances. The stimulatory activity of Lactobacillus helveticus was shown to be correlated with metabolic products rather than with the number of cells in the lactic culture.
Effect of substrate temperature on properties of multilayer thin film based on ZnO and Mo-doped indium oxide

Abstract Zinc oxide/molybdenum-doped indium oxide/zinc oxide (ZnO/IMO/ZnO) multilayer thin films are grown using pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of substrate temperature on structural, optical, and electrical properties of multilayer films is studied. It is observed that films grown at high substrate temperature are oriented along (0 0 2) and (2 2 2) direction for ZnO and IMO respectively. The crystallinity of these films increases with increase in substrate temperature. It is also seen that conductivity, carrier concentration, and mobility increase with increase in temperature. The multilayer film grown at 500 °C has low resistivity (7.67 × 10 −5 Ω cm), high carrier concentration (3.90 × 10 20 cm −3 ), and high mobility (209 cm 2 /Vs).
A Remark on the Rank of Positive Semidefinite Matrices Subject to Affine Constraints

Let K n be the cone of positive semidefinite n X n matrices and let A be an affine subspace of the space of symmetric matrices such that the intersection K n ?A is nonempty and bounded. Suppose that n ? 3 and that \codim A = r+2 \choose 2 for some 1 ≤ r ≤ n-2 . Then there is a matrix X ? K n ?A such that rank X ≤ r . We give a short geometric proof of this result, use it to improve a bound on realizability of weighted graphs as graphs of distances between points in Euclidean space, and describe its relation to theorems of Bohnenblust, Friedland and Loewy, and Au-Yeung and Poon.
The effects of moisture and temperature on the survival of Colletotrichum acutatum on strawberry residue in soil

Strawberry stolons inoculated with Colletotrichum acutatum, the causal agent of strawberry anthracnose, were buried in autoclaved or nonautoclaved Reiff fine sandy loam soil and kept at 5 or 10 °C in controlled environment chambers. Samples were examined monthly for 6 months to determine the survival of the pathogen from the number of recovered conidia and the percent conidial germination. Two soil moisture levels, with water contents of 26.8 or 35.3 g per 100 g of dry soil, were maintained at each temperature. Three isolates of C. acutatum (Wolfskill, Surecrop, and 102) from California strawberry performed similarly at the same temperature. The number of conidia recovered and percent conidial germination were the highest at 5 °C with a soil moisture level of 26.8%. Conidia recovered from buried stolons decreased progressively over the 6 months, from 5 × 104 to 0.5 × 104 per linear centimeter of lesion on stolons. The decline was more pronounced at 10 °C than 5 °C and at a higher soil moisture. Percent co...
Dependence of a Gm(b) Antigen on the Quaternary Structure of Human Gamma Globulin

The antigens associated with the Gm(b) factor of human 7S gamma-globulin differ in Caucasoids and Negroids. The studies reported here show that an antigen, Gm(b(w)), associated with the Gm(b) of whites but not with that of Negroes, is present on the S (slow) fragment of 7S gamma-globulin obtained by digestion with papain or pepsin. All other Gm antigens thus far studied have been found on the F (fast) fragment. The antigens Inv(a) and Inv(b) were detected on isolated L-chains, and Gm(a) and Gm(b) were detected on isolated H-chains, but Gm(b(w)) was detected on neither. Recombining the H- and L-chains restored activity for Gm(b(w)) comparable to that of intact gamma-globulin
Solubility of Lanthanum in Strontium Titanate

The compound LaxSr,1-xTiO3 with x up to 40 at. % is observed to be homogeneous by microscopic examination. The observed X-ray powder pattern corresponds to the cubic perovskite structure. The plot of lattice constant a0 vs x indicates a Vegard's law dependence within the experimental error. There were no extraneous lines in the X-ray powder pattern.
Spin relaxation in GaAs-AlxGa1-xAs heterostructures in high magnetic fields

We consider spin-polarized GaAs-${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As heterostructures in high magnetic fields at zero temperature. We calculate the contribution of the phonon emission to the spin-relaxation time ${\mathit{T}}_{1}$ of the electrons in spatially localized states. We emphasize the relationship of this problem to the experiments of Dobers, von Klitzing, and Weimann [Phys. Rev. B 38, 5453 (1988)].
Quasireentrant superconductivity near the metal-insulator transition of granular aluminum

Incomplete superconducting transitions, often called quasireentrant, have been observed in the resistivity of three-dimensional granular aluminum very close to the metal-insulator transition. An even more pronounced signature of these transitions is evident in the magnetic field dependence at temperatures well below the superconducting transition temperature. The effect in the temperature dependences is similar to behavior observed in discontinuous thin films which has been attributed to macroscopic quantum tunneling. No corresponding measurements or theoretical predictions of the magnetic field dependence have yet been reported.
Reduction of composite NMR spectra by using an analog computer

An analog computer program has been devised to resolve complex composite curves such as might be encountered in various forms of spectroscopy or chromatography. Seven Gaussian or Lorentzian curves, or any combination of seven curves, can be used and displayed simultaneously to resolve the composite curves. Various degrees of skew and truncation, as well as slanted and curved baselines, can be introduced. The peak amplitude, width and position can be determined from potentiometer settings. The integrated relative area of each of the peaks is read out on a digital voltmeter with a reproducibility of about ±0.1%. The utility of the technique is demonstrated by resolving highly overlapped peaks in NMR spectra of butadiene–styrene copolymers. It is necessary to use as many as eight curves to resolve the styrene aromatic proton resonance. This analysis yields styrene-centered distributions and styrene sequence distributions from the NMR spectra of butadiene–styrene copolymers. In addition, it is shown that a distinction can be made between short styrene sequences, which contain two and three styrene units, and long styrene sequences, which include all sequences longer than three units.
Conditional Qualitative Forecasting

Qualitative models, characterized by a categorical or discrete endogenous variable, have become more prominent in the economics literature during the past decade. Amemiya provides many examples of economic topics requiring qualitative analysis. Categorical variables also play an important role in agricultural economics. One example is the recent interest in the forecasting of turning points (Naik and Leuthold, Kaylen, Harris and Leuthold, Brandt and Bessler), with the possible categories given by trough, peak, and no turn. Technical trading systems proliferate in the futures markets; they may be viewed as sending buy, sell, or neutral signals (Lukac, Brorsen, and Irwin). Siebert recently used a logistic regression model to predict the bankruptcy or survival of grain elevators. The University of Missouri-Columbia provides a live
Effect of Defensive Host Behavior on the Blood Meal Size and Feeding Success of Natural Populations of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

The blood meal sizes of field and laboratory mosquito populations attracted to stable traps baited with restrained or unrestrained rabbits were measured. Mosquitoes feeding on the unrestrained host were influenced by its defensive behavior; feeding success was significantly reduced compared to that of females feeding on a restrained host. The amount of blood ingested from the defensive hosts was also significantly reduced, except for Aedes sollicitans which fed fully even when the host was active. The implications of the data for multiple feeding behavior are discussed.
Comments on "Design and analysis of arbitration protocols" by F. El Guibaly

In the above-titled paper by F. El Guibaly (see ibid., vol.38, p.161-71, (1989)), the (normalized) access time for various arbitration protocols was theoretically characterized. The commenter uses simulations to investigate single-bus multiprocessor arbitration protocols. Differences are found between the theoretical results and the simulation results. Theoretical formulae given by El Guibaly are corrected and modified to take into account that resubmitted requests increase the request rate. Closer agreement between theoretical and simulation results is then obtained. >
The Management of Scientific Manpower

Management control of professional employees such as engineers and scientists leads to a state of conflict in the business organization. To management, the control of human resources implies the limiting of individualistic behavior of subordinates in order to realize the objectives of the firm. In contrast, the industrial scientist, even as a subordinate in an organizational hierarchy, believes that control as applied to him should allow for autonomy and independence as attributes of professionalism in his work environment. In this paper we examine various approaches to managerial control---traditional, bureaucratic, cybernetic, and behavioral---and their application to the engineer-scientist as the carrier of professional values in the work culture. A successful manager in this environment must create a work climate without emphasis on formal mechanisms of control and direction. Recent research indicates that to this effect optimum supervisory behavior involves neither excessive direction nor autonomy but frequent interaction with industrial scientists as participants in decision making. We conclude that management of industrial scientists in relation to their professional values should take place within the networks of informal organizational relationships. It involves the application of normative managerial control based upon the exercise of self-imposed sanctions by the industrial scientists themselves, and of colleague authority by their managers relying on communication and information for compliance with organization's objectives and goals.
Violence victimization, help-seeking, and one- and eight-year outcomes of individuals with alcohol use disorders

We examined the associations of recent victimization with subsequent participation in alcohol-related treatment and mutual help, and with short- and long-term drinking and health outcomes. Treatment-naive men and women having an alcohol use disorder with (n = 73) or without (n = 491) recent violence victimization were assessed at baseline and 1 and 8 years later. Victimized individuals had more days intoxicated, drinking problems, symptoms of depression, and physical health problems at baseline, and were more likely to attend Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) during Year 1. Victimization at baseline predicted re-victimization at 1 year, and more depressive symptoms and physical health problems at 8 years. Participation in alcohol-related treatment or AA during Year 1 was associated with fewer drinking problems. In addition, treatment or AA participation was of greater benefit to victimized individuals in terms of reducing drinking-related or health problems. Alcohol use disorder interventions are effective for me...
Effects of three-dimensional scaffolds on cell organization and tissue development

Tissue engineering scaffolds play a critical role in regulating the reconstructed human tissue development. Various types of scaffolds have been developed in recent years, including fibrous matrix and foam-like scaffolds. The design of scaffold materials has been investigated extensively. However, the design of physical structure of the scaffold, especially fibrous matrices, has not received much attention. This paper compares the different characteristics of fibrous and foam-like scaffolds, and reviews regulatory roles of important scaffold properties, including surface geometry, scaffold configuration, pore structure, mechanical property and bioactivity. Tissue regeneration, cell organization, proliferation and differentiation under different microstructures were evaluated. The importance of proper scaffold selection and design is further discussed with the examples of bone tissue engineering and stem cell tissue engineering. This review addresses the importance of scaffold microstructure and provides insights in designing appropriate scaffold structure for different applications of tissue engineering.
Is Autologous Serum a Tonic for the Ailing Corneal Epithelium

N THIS ISSUE, SCHULZE AND ASSOCIATES REPORT THE results of a randomized double-masked clinical trial comparing topical autologous serum with hyaluronic acid (HA) containing lubricant drops for treatment of iatrogenic corneal epithelial defects created to improve visualization at the time of vitrectomy for treatment of diabetic retinopathy. 1 In most cases, vitrectomy was combined with cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation. An 8.0 mm corneal epithelial defect was created in a standardized fashion and randomized masked treatment was started on the first postoperative day. After evaluating 23 enrolled patients (13 in the serum and 10 in the HA groups), the investigators found significantly faster epithelial healing in the autologous serum group (4.3 2.0 days in the serum group vs 7.1 4.8 days in the HA group). This finding led to suspension of the trial. Confounding factors influencing epithelial healing were similar in both groups. The results of this study were as expected based on a number of previously published nonrandomized case series that have found a salutary effect of autologous serum on healing of persistent corneal epithelial defects. 2‐6 Nevertheless, this randomized masked comparative trial provides a higher level of evidence validating the growth promoting effects of autologous serum on corneal epithelial healing. Corneal epithelial debridement is commonly performed to improve visualization of the posterior segment at the time of vitrectomy. Yet, delayed healing of the epithelial defect may be associated with sight threatening complications, such as stromal opacification, surface irregularity, and microbial keratitis. By speeding the epithelial healing time by approximately 40%, autologous serum is likely to reduce the risk of these sight-threatening complications. This study raises several important issues regarding the use of autologous serum to promote corneal epithelial healing. First, how does serum promote epithelial healing? This cohort of patients with longstanding diabetes has numerous reasons for delayed corneal epithelial healing. Their corneal sensitivity is often decreased because of
Effect of thermal conduction and radiation on the dynamics of a flaring coronal loop

A systematic study of the effects of thermal conduction and radiation (Cox-Tucker type) on the dynamic response of a coronal loop is presented. The study is based on a one-fluid hydrodynamic description of a magnetic flux loop subject to a sudden localized heating, simulating the flare energy release. Numerical results are obtained for the heating of a full loop at one end and symmetrical heating at both ends. The results show that: (1) The basic response is the propagation of a hydrodynamic shock; (2) thermal conduction (Coulomb type) has significant effects; and (3) radiation has only minor influence unless the density exceeds 1011 cm−3. It is noted that the uniform flaring of a loop is associated with heating of long duration. Short pulse-like heating results in the nonuniform brightening and propagation of luminous fronts similar to that sometimes observed in flare loops.
Saturday Effects in Tanker Oil Spills: Reply

Abstract Solow has commented on the statistical methodology employed in a paper by Goodstein, which identified a "Saturday effect" in tanker oil spills. This Reply shows that the primary Goodstein result withstands close scrutiny.
Low-loss rare earth doped single-mode fiber by sol-gel method

Abstract Using a sol-gel process for rare-earth ions doping, a minimum optical loss of less than 2 dB/km in the region of 1.15μm has been reproducibly achieved in Er 3+ doped Al 2 O 3 SiO 2 glass single-mode fibers. A wide range of rare earth doping concentrations was successfully introduced into fibers using this technique. In the sol-gel dipcoating to deposit a thick film, the key to achievement of low loss fiber was found to depend critically on a process capable of providing a consistently crack-free film.
Protein Solubility and Associated Properties of Porcine Muscle as Influenced by Partial Freezing with Liquid Nitrogen

SUMMARY This study was conducted to determine how altering the course of post-mortem changes artificially through liquid nitrogen (L-N2) treatment, affects certain physieochemical properties of the musculature. L-N2-treated muscles were superior to the untreated pale, soft, exudative muscles in ultimate gross morphology (color structure) and myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic protein extractability. L-N2 treatment also improved the emulsifying properties of the muscle and decreased the post-mortem production of reducing sugars. The significance and interrelationships of these properties were discussed.
Michael Jackson, black modernisms, and ‘the ecstasy of communication’

(1989). Michael Jackson, black modernisms, and ‘the ecstasy of communication’. Third Text: Vol. 3, No. 7, pp. 11-22.
Correction of Head Loss Measurements in Water Mains

Pipe roughness or carrying capacity are occasionally determined in water mains to assess the internal condition of the mains or determine coefficients for pipe network models. As part of these tests, it it necessary to measure the head loss between two points in the pipe. Two methods are commonly used to determine the head loss: (1) two gage method; and (2) parallel pipe method. The effect of the differing temperatures in the main and parallel pipe is theoreticlly determined and a means for compensating for this effect is suggested. The parallel pipe method can be an extremely accurate method for measuring head loss in water mains. When the tests are conducted in hilly areas, caution must be exercised since the gage reading may not exactly correspond to the head loss, in which case a correction would be necessary to account for the effect of water temperature difference between the main and the parallel pipe.
Influence of macro-economic growth, CAP reforms and biofuel policy on the Polish agri-food sector in 2007–2020

This paper presents the possible development scenario of the Polish agricultural sector till 2020. It also assesses the impact of macroeconomic growth, CAP reforms and worldwide policies towards the agriculture on this development. The scenario is build using an extended version of the Global Trade Analysis Project model GTAP which is a computable general equilibrium model of the world economy. The analysis shows that the growth of Polish agri-food sector observed after accession to the European Union will be prolonged in the future and will lead to an increase of agri- food sector incomes. However, it is expected that the positive trade balance in agri-food products will decrease significantly in consequence of the world trade liberalization and the EU policy stimulating biofuels production.
Systems biology and physical biology of clathrin-mediated endocytosis

In this review, we describe the application of experimental data and modeling of intracellular endocytic trafficking mechanisms with a focus on the process of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. A detailed parts-list for the protein–protein interactions in clathrin-mediated endocytosis has been available for some time. However, recent experimental, theoretical, and computational tools have proved to be critical in establishing a sequence of events, cooperative dynamics, and energetics of the intracellular process. On the experimental front, total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, photo-activated localization microscopy, and spinning-disk confocal microscopy have focused on assembly and patterning of endocytic proteins at the membrane, while on the theory front, minimal theoretical models for clathrin nucleation, biophysical models for membrane curvature and bending elasticity, as well as methods from computational structural and systems biology, have proved insightful in describing membrane topologies, curvature mechanisms, and energetics.
The RS-700 Series of Infrared Line Scanners

This paper describes the RS-700 series of infrared line scanner (IRLS) systems in terms of their performance parameters. IRLS capabilities and limitations are discussed in terms of the mission, weather, slant range, and scanner design. Influences of system performance in regard to the reconnaissance mission are described, and examples of RS-700 IRLS imagery are presented to show the unique features of infrared imagery.
Valuing health in a racially and ethnically diverse community sample: an analysis using the valuation metrics of money and time.

Purpose Limited research in health valuation analyzes samples with high proportions of racial/ethnic minorities within the United States. The primary objective was to explore patterns of health valuation across race/ethnicity using the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys. A secondary objective was to analyze whether mental health disorder and immigrant status were associated with these estimates.
Construction and Operational Experience With a Superconducting Octupole Used to Trap Antihydrogen

A superconducting octupole magnet has seen extensive service as part of the ALPHA experiment at CERN. ALPHA has trapped antihydrogen, a crucial step towards performing precision measurements of anti-atoms. The octupole was made at the Direct Wind facility by the Superconducting Magnet Division at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The magnet was wound with a six-around-one NbTi cable about 1 mm in diameter. It is about 300 mm long, with a radius of 25 mm and a peak field at the conductor of 4.04 T. Specific features of the magnet, including a minimal amount of material in the coil and coil ends with low multipole content, were advantageous to its use in ALPHA. The magnet was operated for six months a year for five years. During this time it underwent about 900 thermal cycles (between 4 K and 100 K). A novel operational feature is that during the course of data-taking the magnet was repeatedly shut off from its 950 A operating current. The magnet quenches during the shutoff, with a decay constant of 9 ms. Over the course of the five years, the magnet was deliberately quenched many thousands of times. It still performs well.
Surface modification of polybutadiene facilitated by supercritical carbon dioxide

The hydrophilicity of polymers can be improved through surface modification, traditionally done with conventional organic solvents, but these may cause the deterioration of polymer bulk properties due to irreversible polymer swelling. However, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) not only swells the polymer reversibly, but also acts as a convenient transport medium for monomeric solutes, which may be subsequently polymerized. Thus we are able to modify the polymer surface without affecting its bulk strength and durability. Here we report scCO2 surface modification of polybutadiene using ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Monomers such as 3-vinylbenzoic acid and crotonic acid are used to study the effects of pressure, solute structure, and reaction mechanism on the diffusion rates and partitioning of monomers between the fluid phase and the polymer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 522–530, 2003
Psychopharmacology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: A Review of the Past Five Years

Abstract A review of developments in child and adolescent psychopharmacology in the past 5 years reveals progress in the investigation of a variety of disorders. The psychopharmacology of major diagnostic categories is reviewed, with discussion of available study results and comment upon promising areas for future investigation. Many questions still are unanswered about the efficacy and safety of various medications. A dearth of data persists regarding optimal drug choices for treating such illnesses as schizophrenia and depression, reflecting the need for classification of underlying biochemical abnormalities and additional studies of phenomenology. Similarly, some agents are still commonly used purely on an empirical basis because of their clinical value.
The Developing Xenopus Limb as a Model for Studies on the Balance between Inflammation and Regeneration

The roles of inflammation and immune cell reactivity triggered by amputation have only recently begun to be addressed in investigations of epimorphic regeneration, although studies of tissue repair in mammals clearly show the importance of the immune system in determining the quality of the repair process. Here, we first review inflammation-related work in non-mammalian systems of epimorphic regeneration which suggests that regeneration of an amputated appendage requires continuous modulation of the local immune response, from the first hours after amputation through the period of blastema patterning. We then present data on the effects of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory agents on regeneration of larval Xenopus hindlimbs. Treatment with the glucocorticoid beclomethasone immediately after amputation inhibits regeneration in regeneration-complete stage 53 limbs. Other anti-inflammatory agents, including the inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity celecoxib and diclofenac, applied similarly to larvae amputated at stage 55, when the capacity for limb regeneration is normally being lost, restore regenerative capacity. This suggests that although injury-related events sensitive to glucocorticoids are necessary for regeneration, resolution of the inflammatory response may also be required to allow the complete regenerative response and normal blastema patterning. Conversely, if resolution of inflammation is prevented by local treatment of amputated limbs with beryllium, a strong immunoadjuvant, regeneration is inhibited, and gene expression data suggest that this inhibition results from a failure of normal blastema patterning. Both positive and negative effects of immune- or inflammation-related activities occur during anuran limb regeneration and this underscores the importance of considering immune cells in studies of epimorphic regeneration. Anat Rec, 2012. ©2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Tyrosine Kinase Phosphorylation of GABAA Receptor α1, β2 and γ2 Subunits Following Chronic Intermittent Ethanol (CIE) Exposure of Cultured Cortical Neurons of Mice

There is evidence that many of the GABAA receptor subunits contain consensus sequence for tyrosine kinase, and phosphorylation may play a key role in ethanol’s regulation of GABAA receptors. Recently, we investigated the effect of chronic exposure of ethanol (CE) on tyrosine kinase phosphorylation and reported that there was an up-regulation in tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of the β2- and γ2- subunits and no effect on α1-subunit of the GABAA receptor in the cultured cortical neurons of mice. In the present study, we have further investigated the effect of chronic intermittent administration of ethanol (CIE) on tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of the GABAA receptor subunits (α1, β2, and γ2) in the mouse cultured cortical neurons by immunoprecipitation and Western blot techniques. We observed that there was an up-regulation in the tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of the GABAA receptor β2- and γ2-subunits following CIE exposure, and no effect on α1-subunit in the cultured cortical neurons of mice. These CIE changes, unlike CE, were not reverted back to the control level following ethanol withdrawal even after 7 days. Acute exposure of ethanol did not cause any change in the tyrosine kinase regulation of the GABAA receptor subunits. In conclusion, the CIE exposure, unlike chronic/acute ethanol exposure, regulates the tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of the selective population of GABAA receptors in a long lasting manner.
Diagnosing and Managing Violence

Available categorization systems for violence encountered in medical practice do not constitute optimal tools to guide management. In this article, 4 common patterns of violence across psychiatric diagnoses are described (defensive, dominance-defining, impulsive, and calculated) and management implications are considered. The phenomenologic and neurobiological rationale for a clinical classification system of violence is also presented. Language: en
Neuropeptide Y mimics a non-adrenergic component of sympathetic vasoconstriction in the bullfrog

Abstract The effects of preganglionic sympathetic nerve stimulation and exogenous agents upon vascular tone were observed in hindlimb preparations of pithed adult bullfrogs. Repetitive electrical stimulation of the sympathetic C, but not the B, system elicited arterial vasoconstriction and reduced blood flow in vascular beds supplying the sartorius muscle and the skin. Close-arterial injections of epinephrine and neuropeptide Y each mimicked neurogenic vasoconstriction. After close-arterial injection of phentolamine, an α-adrenergic antagonist, the maximal effects of nerve stimulation were delayed in onset and reduced in magnitude, but not eliminated. Pretreatment with phentolamine blocked the vasoconstriction caused by injection of epinephrine, and produced a mild reduction in responses to neuropeptide Y. These observations demonstrate the vasomotor function of the sympathetic C system and they support the hypothesis that neuropeptide Y and epinephrine function as cotransmitters in postganglionic C neurons.
Interface effects on moisture absorption in ultrathin polyimide films

Water absorption in thin films (<1000 A) of a commercial polyimide was evaluated by monitoring dimensional changes induced by a humid environment. Film thickness was measured using x-ray reflectivity, which is a nondestructive technique offering angstrom resolution in the measurements of thin film or multilayer thickness. The effect of several variables on the absorption of moisture were monitored in polyimide films adhered to polished silicon substrates, including total dry film thickness, exposure time, and the contribution ofa coupling agent. The percentage increase in film thickness due to moisture uptake is found to be a weak function of dry film thickness, decreasing as dry film thickness increases, and to be somewhat affected by the use of an interfacial coupling agent. The observed behavior points to the polymer/substrate interface as a strong factor controlling the absorption of moisture in the polyimide/ silicon system, and is believed to reflect the presence of a highly moisture-saturated interfacial layer. A bilayer model is proposed, and the feasibility of using this model to describe the observed behavior is considered.
Vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) attempt in twin pregnancies: is it safe?

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) attempt, VBAC failure, and major maternal adverse outcomes in women with a previous cesarean with twin or singleton pregnancies. Study design This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study between the years 1996 and 2000. Subjects were identified by ICD-9 code. Trained research nurses collected medical record data on the outcome of VBAC attempts, and clinical outcomes, including uterine rupture and major operative injuries. We used bivariate and multivariable techniques to assess the association between twins and the outcomes. Results Of 25,005 patients with at least 1 previous cesarean, there were 535 twin pregnancies and 24,307 singleton pregnancies. Compared with patients with singleton gestations, patients with twins were less likely to attempt a VBAC (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.4), but no more likely to have a VBAC failure (AOR 1.1, 95% CI 0.8-1.6), a uterine rupture (AOR 1.2, 95% CI 0.3-4.6), or a major maternal morbidity (AOR 1.6, 95% CI 0.7-3.7). Conclusion Women with twin gestations are less likely to attempt a VBAC, but they are no more likely to fail a VBAC trial or experience a major morbid event compared with women with singleton gestations.
Attracting and retaining food servers: how internal service quality moderates occupational stigma.

Abstract This study examines the abilities of internal service quality (ISQ) to moderate occupational stereotype for restaurant food servers. Food servers at restaurants responded to two surveys measuring ISQ and occupational stereotype. It was concluded that ISQ overcomes occupational stereotype to attract and retain food servers in the hospitality industry. This investigation contributes to the hospitality literature and to a better understanding of the world of waiters, especially in reference to employee turnover, employee retention, and motivation to work in the food service industry. This research used an integrative model which may be applied to service sectors outside hospitality.
Computational methods for structural load and resistance modeling

An automated capability for computing structural reliability considering uncertainties in both load and resistance variables is presented. The computations are carried out using an automated Advanced Mean Value iteration algorithm (AMV +) with performance functions involving load and resistance variables obtained by both explicit and implicit methods. A complete description of the procedures used is given as well as several illustrative examples, verified by Monte Carlo Analysis. In particular, the computational methods described in the paper are shown to be quite accurate and efficient for a material nonlinear structure considering material damage as a function of several primitive random variables. The results show clearly the effectiveness of the algorithms for computing the reliability of large-scale structural systems with a maximum number of resolutions.
A multi-paradigm object tracker for robot navigation assisted by external computer vision

Tracking multiple persons/robots/pets and moving objects is an essential task for situation awareness in robot navigation and operation. It is also a relatively complicated problem of computer vision and multiple solutions have been proposed in literature. In this paper we are exploring a novel method of object tracking using computer vision by fusing multiple techniques into a single tracker implementation. The main goal of this method is to perform high confidence data associations as soon as possible in order to be able to provide tracking information to a moving robot in real time with attempts to minimize the CPU utilization for tracking whenever possible since the Base Station computer is being shared with multiple software modules.
Resonance tuning of coherent population trapping with intracavity pulse shaping

Atomic resonances had long been used as a frequency reference. We present resonant tuning of coherent population trapping in 87Rb with an intracavity Fabry-Perot etalon in a mode-locked laser.
Effect of dissipation and compression work on the eddy conductivity calculated from experimental temperature data for gases

The effect of dissipation and compression work on the eddy conductivity calculated from experimental temperature distribution data for gases is examined in detail, and it is shown that these effects are significant even in relatively low Reynolds number flows, say greater than 30,00. The inclusion of dissipation and compression work in the energy equation for gaseous flows is shown to lead to the determination of symmetrical eddy diffusivities from experimental data.
Delayed Macrophage Responses and Myelin Clearance during Wallerian Degeneration in the Central Nervous System: The Dorsal Radiculotomy Model

Abstract All aspects of Wallerian degeneration (WD)—axonal breakdown, glial and macrophage responses, and clearance of myelin debris—have generally been considered to occur more slowly in the central nervous system (CNS) than in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). We reevaluated this issue by comparing the temporal pattern of Wallerian degeneration in nerve fibers with segments extending through both the PNS and the CNS. The L4, L5, and L6 dorsal roots in the rat were transected, and WD in the dorsal roots and the dorsal columns was compared at intervals up to 8 months, using electron microscopy and immunostaining to identify and characterize the different cell types. The initial breakdown of axoplasm was complete by 72 h both in the PNS and in the CNS portions of these axons. All other aspects of WD were strikingly delayed in the CNS when compared to those in the PNS. Macrophages (from the circulation) increased in number (Days 2-4 after axotomy) in the root. In contrast, although there was an early and transient period (peaking at Day 3) of microglial activation in the degenerating dorsal column, the appearance of round macrophages was delayed until Days 18-21. Both axonal debris and myelin debris were almost completely cleared by 30 days in the PNS, but remained over 90 days in the CNS. Axonal regeneration was vigorous in the dorsal root but these sprouts did not invade the dorsal columns. The dorsal root entry zone provided a sharp anatomic demarcation between the PNS and CNS patterns of Wallerian degeneration. These results suggest that circulating macrophages have ready access to degenerating peripheral nerves, but are largely or completely excluded from degenerating CNS tracts, so that the macrophages (that ultimately appear) originate primarily from the stellate microglia.
A new self-sealing needle for iris suture fixation.

• We adapted a 27-gauge, 0.75-in needle for the placement of iris fixation sutures. The needle requires neither the formation of a paracentesis nor a sclerotomy site. Additionally, the self-sealing nature of the needle tract eliminates the need for closure of the entry site. We have found this instrument to be helpful in the rapid, atraumatic placement of iris fixation sutures.
Evaluating Methodological Assumptions of Catch-Curve Survival Estimation for Unmarked Precocial Shorebird Chicks

Abstract. Estimating productivity for precocial species can be difficult because young birds leave their nest within hours or days of hatching and detectability thereafter can be very low. Recently, a method for using a modified catch-curve to estimate precocial chick daily survival for age based count data was presented using Piping Plover (Charadrius melodus) data from the Missouri River. However, many of the assumptions of the catch-curve approach were not fully evaluated for precocial chicks. We developed a simulation model to mimic Piping Plovers, a fairly representative shorebird, and age-based count-data collection. Using the simulated data, we calculated daily survival estimates and compared them with the known daily survival rates from the simulation model. We conducted these comparisons under different sampling scenarios where the ecological and statistical assumptions had been violated. Overall, the daily survival estimates calculated from the simulated data corresponded well with true survival...
Vibrational Spectroscopy and Dynamics of Azide Ion in Ionic Liquid and Dimethyl Sulfoxide Water Mixtures

Steady-state and time-resolved infrared spectroscopy of the azide (N(3)-) anion has been used to characterize aqueous mixtures both with the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF(4)]) and with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In the DMSO-water mixtures, two anion vibrational bands are observed for low water mole fractions (0 > X(w) > 0.25), which indicates a heterogeneous ion solvation environment. The band at 2000 cm(-1) observed for neat DMSO does not shift but decreases in amplitude as the amount of water is increased. Another band appears at slightly higher frequency at low X(w) (=0.05). As the amount of water is increased, this band shifts to higher frequency and becomes stronger and is attributed to azide with an increasing degree of hydration. At intermediate and high X(w), a single band is observed that shifts almost linearly with water mole fraction toward the bulk water value. The heterogeneity is evident from the infrared pump-probe studies in which the decay times depend on probe frequency at low mole fraction. For the azide spectra in IL-water mixtures, a single azide band is observed for each mole fraction mixture. The azide band shifts almost linearly with mole fraction, indicating nearly ideal mixing behavior. As with the DMSO-water mixtures, the time-resolved IR decay times are probe-frequency-dependent at low mole fraction, again indicating heterogeneous solvation. In both the DMSO and IL mixtures with water, the relaxation times are slower than would be expected from ideal mixing, suggesting that vibrational relaxation of azide is more sensitive than its vibrational frequency to the solvent structure. The results are discussed in terms of preferential solvation and the degree to which the azide shift and vibrational relaxation depend on the degree of water association in the mixtures.
Physical properties of three plasmids and the presence of interrelated plasmids in Bacillus popilliae and Bacillus lentimorbus.

Abstract Three plasmids, pBP68, pBP88, and pBP94 (molecular sizes 6750 ± 100, 8810 ± 90, and 9420 ± 30 bp, respectively), have been identified in Bacillus popilliae strains KLN 4, NRRL B-2524, BpPa (Vm r ), and Ch 1 and characterized by physical mapping and hybridization analysis. In addition, a single-stranded DNA form for each plasmid has been observed in plasmid preparations. No similarity between the three plasmids was evident from comparisons of restriction endonuclease maps. However, hybridization analysis showed that the plasmids shared regions of sequence homology and that pBP88 is possibly a chimera of pBP68 and pBP94. Hybridization of pBP68, pBP88, pBP94, and Bacillus lentimorbus KLN 2 plasmid DNA to other plasmids present in B. popilliae and B. lentimorbus suggested that an interrelated family of plasmids exists in these two microorganisms.
The analysis of linguistic borrowing.

1. BILINGUALISM AND BORROWING. As early as 1886, Hermann Paul pointed out that all borrowing by one language from another is predicated on some minimum of bilingual mastery of the two languages.' For any large-scale borrowing a considerable group of bilinguals has to be assumed. The analysis of borrowing must therefore begin with an analysis of the behavior of bilingual speakers. A vast literature has come into being on the subject of borrowing, particularly in the historical studies of individual languages; but there is still room for discussion of the relationship between the observed behavior of bilingual speakers and the results of borrowing as detected by linguists. Any light that can be thrown on the question by a study of bilingual speakers should be welcome to all students interested in borrowing and in the general linguistic problems associated with this process.2 In the present article an effort will be made to define more precisely the terminology used in the linguistic analysis of borrowing, and to set up certain hypotheses concerning the process of borrowing. It should then be possible to test these by their usefulness of application to particular studies of bilingualism and borrowing.3
Collective synthesis of natural products by means of organocascade catalysis

Organic chemists are now able to synthesize small quantities of almost any known natural product, given sufficient time, resources and effort. However, translation of the academic successes in total synthesis to the large-scale construction of complex natural products and the development of large collections of biologically relevant molecules present significant challenges to synthetic chemists. Here we show that the application of two nature-inspired techniques, namely organocascade catalysis and collective natural product synthesis, can facilitate the preparation of useful quantities of a range of structurally diverse natural products from a common molecular scaffold. The power of this concept has been demonstrated through the expedient, asymmetric total syntheses of six well-known alkaloid natural products: strychnine, aspidospermidine, vincadifformine, akuammicine, kopsanone and kopsinine.
Degradation of organochlorine pesticides, particularly endosulfan, by Trichoderma harzianum

A fungus, Trichoderma harzianum, was found to degrade DDT, dieldrin, endosulfan, pentachloronitrobenzene, and pentachlorophenol but not hexachlorocyclohexane. The fungus degraded endosulfan under various nutritional conditions throughout its growth stages. Endosulfan sulfate and endosulfan diol were detected as the major fungal metabolites of endosulfan. Piperonyl butoxide, when added to the growth medium, completely inhibited the endosulfan degradation. Di-n-propyl malaoxon also inhibited the overall endosulfan degradation, but under such an inhibitory condition the formation of endosulfan sulfate was still observed. Using a cell-free preparation from Trichoderma harzianum, we could demonstrate that endosulfan metabolism in vitro was stimulated by exogenously added NADPH. Together with the evidence that the initial metabolic product of endosulfan was endosulfan sulfate, we concluded that the major enzyme system responsible in Trichoderma harzianum responsible for degradation of endosulfan is an oxidative system.