cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Call for Nominations-Editor-in-Chief, Marketing Science: Deadline for Nominations: April 15, 2015

The final term of Preyas S. Desai as editor-in-chief of the journal Marketing Science will end on December 31, 2015. Based on recommendations from the INFORMS Publications Committee, the president of INFORMS has appointed a committee to conduct a full search for a new editor-in-chief. The committee intends to propose a candidate for approval by INFORMS no later than July 1, 2015. All members of INFORMS are invited to participate in this process. The committee seeks your opinions and comments on (1) the current state of the journal, (2) recommendations for change, if any, and (3) candidates for editor-in-chief. Qualifications for the editor-in-chief of Marketing Science will include • A demonstrated interest in a broad range of topics in the field • A demonstrated record of research in the field • Dedication and enthusiasm for Marketing Science • Significant editorial experience • Vision of the role of scholarly publications in the electronic age • Commitment to the workload involved • Ability to effectively and efficiently manage the editorial process Further information about the journal is available at the Marketing Science website: http:// pubsonline.informs.org/journal/mksc. Members of the search committee are Kannan Srinivasan (Chair), Carnegie Mellon University; Pradeep K. Chintagunta, University of Chicago; Peter S. Fader, University of Pennsylvania; Dominique M. Hanssens, UCLA; and Juanjuan Zhang, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Please submit comments, nominations, and applications by April 15, 2015. The information may be sent (preferably by email) to Kannan Srinivasan, Chair of the Marketing Science Editorial Search Committee.
The faculty of language: what is it, who has it, and how did it evolve?

We argue that an understanding of the faculty of language requires substantial interdisciplinary cooperation. We suggest how current developments in linguistics can be profitably wedded to work in evolutionary biology, anthropology, psychology, and neuroscience. We submit that a distinction should be made between the faculty of language in the broad sense (FLB)and in the narrow sense (FLN) . FLB includes a sensory-motor system, a conceptual-intentional system, and the computational mechanisms for recursion, providing the capacity to generate an infinite range of expressions from a finite set of elements. We hypothesize that FLN only includes recursion and is the only uniquely human component of the faculty of language. We further argue that FLN may have evolved for reasons other than language, hence comparative studies might look for evidence of such computations outside of the domain of communication (for example, number, navigation, and social relations).
Alzheimer's Disease Is a Synaptic Failure

In its earliest clinical phase, Alzheimer's disease characteristically produces a remarkably pure impairment of memory. Mounting evidence suggests that this syndrome begins with subtle alterations of hippocampal synaptic efficacy prior to frank neuronal degeneration, and that the synaptic dysfunction is caused by diffusible oligomeric assemblies of the amyloid β protein.
Effect of lower energy threshold on single and multiple scatter distributions in positron volume imaging

Simulations of the scatter distributions in the Advance tomograph have been performed using the SimSET software package. The Zubal phantom was used, centered at the heart with activity only in the heart or in all soft tissues except the lungs. Data were binned axially for: (1) -7.6 to 7.6 cm (the full axial field of view); (2) -0.884 to 0.844 cm; and (3) 2.53 to 4.22 cm. Simulations were performed with both a 45.6 cm long (full object) and a 15.2 cm long (short object) section of the phantom with 250 million decays. The total scatter to trues ratio for the full object varied from 1.20 (300 keV, all soft tissues) to 0.35 (425 keV, heart only). The ratio of single scatters from the short object simulation compared to the total scatters from the full object varied from 40% at 300 keV to 60% at 425 keV. While the multiple scatters were well estimated with a Gaussian convolution of the single scatter events (for the full object), significant errors may occur if the attenuation and activity outside the FOV is not included in the estimation of the single scatters.
Stock Prices and the Secondary Dissemination of Information: The Wsj's Insider Trading Spotlight Column

In this paper we test whether a secondary dissemination of information affects stock prices. We examine stock price reactions to the publication of the "Insider Trading Spotlight" (ITS) column in the Wall Street Journal (WSJ). Since insider trades reported in the ITS column are initially disclosed to the public when insiders' reports are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the information contained in the WSJ is a secondary dissemination. Around the WSJ publication day, we find significant abnormal stock performance accompanied by a significant increase in trading volume. Our evidence suggests that a secondary dissemination of information can affect stock prices if the initial public disclosure attracts only limited attention by the market. In addition, we document how insider trading information is conveyed to the market.
Reduced order model-based sliding mode control of dynamic systems governed by Burgers' equation

In this paper, we use the reduced-order nonlinear model of dynamic systems governed by Burgers' equation with Neumann boundary conditions - recently developed by the authors in [4] - to define low order sliding mode surfaces. While keeping the system states moving on the defined surface, the imposed control law guarantees the stability of the full-order model obtained using a finite element (FE) approximation of the Burgers' equation. The accuracy of the applied reduced-order model obtained from proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method compared to the FE model is investigated by determining an adequate number of basis functions for the approximating subspace. The reduced-order model is then used to design a sliding mode controller, which is implemented on the FE model demonstrating that the obtained reduced model is suitable for both stabilization of the full-order model and trajectory tracking.
Urgent History: The Sovereignty Debates and Political Theory’s Lost Voices

This article argues for the recovery and re-incorporation of lost voices and debates into the history of political thought by focusing on the issue of sovereignty. It begins by examining why such a...
Fluid Mechanics and Transport in Tumors

The physical structure of a tumor is determined by “solid,” structural components such as actin and collagen, but most of its volume is fluid. Fluid flows through the blood vessels and bathes the extravascular tissue. The structural microenvironment of a solid tumor plays a role in tumor physiology by compartmentalizing tissues and providing a dynamic substrate to support cell migration and differentiation (see Chaps. 3 and 4), but the fluid phase is equally important.
THERMAL PERFORMANCE MAPS FOR FORCED AIR COOLING OF RUGGEDIZED ELECTRONICS ENCLOSURES

Based on standard commercial form factors, this study explores chassis-level air cooling limits for ruggedized military electronics enclosures constrained by pressure drop requirements and fin manufacturing capabilities. Numeric and analytic models are developed and used to define a methodology for optimizing the geometry of longitudinal plate fins included in side wall ducts to maximize the amount of heat that can be dissipated from an air-cooled chassis. The results of these analyses are presented in the form of a performance map facilitate the identification of particular fin manufacturing process well-suited for a specified set of mass flow, pressure drop, and heat transfer requirements. Analysis results demonstrate that if isothermal boundaries can be achieved, the heat transfer capacity of the chassis will increase relative to isoflux boundary condition assumptions. As a means to this end, the incorporation of heat pipes into the chassis wall is explored to enhance heat spreading and approach the isothermal limits of heat dissipation in the airflow ducts.© 2007 ASME
Exploring the power of nonviolence: peace, politics, and practice

This anthology presents a fresh and innovative look at diverse approaches to nonviolence in both philosophy and practice. Intended ‘to inspire and shape the dispositions, worldviews, commitments, a...
Impact of Consciousness on Body and Mind

*Corresponding Author Hans Chaudhry, PhD Research Professor, Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey, USA. Phone: +1 732 549 4508; Fax: +1 973 596 5222 Email: chaudhry@adm.njit.edu Abstract Practice Divine Consciousness as preventive measure for any type of adverse effect on body and mind manifested as life, which should flow like a beautiful song. Impact of Consciousness on Body and Mind
Thoreau’s ear

AbstractHenry David Thoreau (1817–1862) was the only nineteenth-century American writer of the very first rank who paid prolonged and intense attention to sound-worlds, particularly non-human ones. As a naturalist, Thoreau’s fieldwork not only involved botany but also sound-collecting. Relying on his Journal and other written work, I show how Thoreau understood music as sound, paying particular attention to his writings on ambient sound and animal sound communication in acoustic ecological niches; showing how he understood sound announces presence and enables co-presence; and pointing to his development of a relational epistemology and alternative economy based in sound. His responses to the vibrations of the environment through prolonged and deep listening, more than 150 years ago, make him valuable for sound studies today.
“Falling Through the Cracks:” Young Adults, Drugs, and Incarceration

The author reflects developments on the prevalence of cases of drug- and alcohol-use disorders in the U.S. as of mid-2016. Also cited are the study by L. J. Welty and colleagues on the cases of substance-use disorders (SUD) among justice-involved young individuals in the country, the need to develop strategies to reduce recidivism due to its adverse effects to the community, and the Project Services to Assist Youth (STAY) program to resolve the issue.
Estimating systemic exposure to levonorgestrel from an oral contraceptive

Abstract Objective The gold standard for measuring oral contraceptive (OC) pharmacokinetics is the 24-h steady-state area under the curve (AUC). We conducted this study to assess whether limited sampling at steady state or measurements following use of one or two OCs could provide an adequate proxy in epidemiological studies for the progestin 24-h steady-state AUC of a particular OC. Study design We conducted a 13-sample, 24-h pharmacokinetic study on both day 1 and day 21 of the first cycle of a monophasic OC containing 30-mcg ethinyl estradiol and 150-mcg levonorgestrel (LNG) in 17 normal-weight healthy White women and a single-dose 9-sample study of the same OC after a 1-month washout. We compared the 13-sample steady-state results with several steady-state and single-dose results calculated using parsimonious sampling schemes. Results The 13-sample steady-state 24-h LNG AUC was highly correlated with the steady-state 24-h trough value [ r =0.95; 95% confidence interval (0.85, 0.98)] and with the steady-state 6-, 8-, 12- and 16-h values (0.92≤r≤0.95). The trough values after one or two doses were moderately correlated with the steady-state 24-h AUC value [ r =0.70; 95% CI (0.27, 0.90) and 0.77; 95% CI (0.40, 0.92), respectively]. Conclusions Single time-point concentrations at steady state and after administration of one or two OCs gave highly to moderately correlated estimates of steady-state LNG AUC. Using such measures could facilitate prospective pharmaco-epidemiologic studies of the OC and its side effects. Implications A single time-point LNG concentration at steady state is an excellent proxy for complete and resource-intensive steady-state AUC measurement. The trough level after two single doses is a fair proxy for steady-state AUC. These results provide practical tools to facilitate large studies to investigate the relationship between systemic LNG exposure and side effects in a real-life setting.
Fatigue of Nodular Cast Iron Connecting Rods

ABSTRACT Axial fatigue behavior of as-cast and austempered pearlitic nodular cast iron connecting rods were obtained at room temperature using a load ratio, R, equal to 0.01. The fatigue resistance of the austempered connecting rods was greater than that of the as-cast rods. A fatigue limit increase of about 25 percent existed in the austempered condition.
Treatment of peripheral arterial disease via percutaneous brachial artery access

Abstract Objective This review was conducted to evaluate the types of endovascular procedures that can be performed via brachial artery access, evaluate the access success rate, and determine the incidence of technical complications. Methods A retrospective 10-year record review at a tertiary facility from January 1, 2005, through June 30, 2015, was completed. Patients who underwent attempted brachial artery access were eligible for review. Outcomes intended to be evaluated included ability to access the vessel, reach an identified lesion, and perform an indicated procedure, while describing the incidence and type of complications that occurred to clarify the utility and safety of brachial artery access. Results The review included 265 access cases in 179 patients. The access success rate was 98.9%. Intervention was performed in 223 cases (84.2%). Angioplasty was the most common intervention (59%, [154 cases]), with stents, atherectomy, coiling, and percutaneous thrombectomy having also been performed. Complications included hematoma (2.3%) and pseudoaneurysm (1.5%). Complications requiring intervention occurred in 1.9% of procedures. Interventions were performed on all major vessels as distal as the dorsalis pedis. Sheath sizes ranged from 4F to 7F. Intervention was performed on bilateral lower extremities in 38 cases (14.5%). A femoral bypass graft was present in 141 patients (53%) as the main indication for brachial artery access. Conclusions Brachial access is a reliable and effective option for treatment of peripheral vascular disease and should be considered when femoral access is difficult or contraindicated and when a bypass graft is present in the femoral region. In addition, bilateral lesions may be approached easily through one brachial artery access site, making this approach advantageous when bilateral lesions are expected. The complication rate is similar to femoral access and can be minimized with ultrasound-guided access distally over the humerus, micropuncture access, and a dedicated postprocedure "hold team."
Synthesis and Reactivity of 5-Substituted Furfuryl Carbamates via Oxanorbornadienes.

Furfuryl carbamates are labile and require care to be accessed by activating furfuryl alcohols. An alternative oxanorbornadiene (OND)-based strategy is presented for the preparation of 5-R-substituted furfuryl carbamates via the reactions of amines with intermediate OND carbonates. The resulting OND carbamates, which are stable for several months, undergo thiol mediated retro-Diels–Alder reaction to deliver the desired furfuryl carbamates in a single flask. Conditions for the selective hydrolysis of furfuryl carbamates in the presence of tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) groups were identified, and it was shown that furfuryl carbamates can be used as a prodrug handle.
Use of Welcome to Medicare Visits Among Older Adults Following the Affordable Care Act.

Introduction To encourage greater utilization of preventive services among Medicare beneficiaries, the 2010 Affordable Care Act waived coinsurance for the Welcome to Medicare visit, making this benefit free starting in 2011. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of the Affordable Care Act on Welcome to Medicare visit utilization. Methods A 5% sample of newly enrolled fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries for 2005–2016 was used to estimate changes in Welcome to Medicare visit use over time. An interrupted time series model examined whether Welcome to Medicare visits increased significantly after 2011, controlling for pre-intervention trends and other autocorrelation. Results Annual Welcome to Medicare visit rates began at 1.4% in 2005 and increased to 12.3% by 2016. The quarterly Welcome to Medicare visit rate, which was almost 1% at baseline, was increasing by 0.06% before the 2011 Affordable Care Act provision (p Conclusions The Affordable Care Act, and perhaps the removal of cost sharing, was associated with increased use of the Welcome to Medicare visit; however, even with the increased use, there is room for improvement.
Gross substitutability: An algorithmic survey

Abstract The concept of gross substitute valuations was introduced by Kelso and Crawford as a sufficient conditions for the existence of Walrasian equilibria in economies with indivisible goods. The proof is algorithmic in nature: gross substitutes is exactly the condition that enables a natural price adjustment procedure – known as Walrasian tatonnement – to converge to equilibrium. The same concept was also introduced independently in other communities with different names: M ♮ -concave functions (Murota and Shioura), Matroidal and Well-Layered maps (Dress and Terhalle) and valuated matroids (Dress and Wenzel). Here we survey various definitions of gross substitutability and show their equivalence. We focus on algorithmic aspects of the various definitions. In particular, we highlight that gross substitutes are the exact class of valuations for which demand oracles can be computed via an ascending greedy algorithm. It also corresponds to a natural discrete analogue of concave functions: local maximizers correspond to global maximizers.
The responsiveness of the PROMIS instruments and the qDASH in an upper extremity population

This study evaluated the responsiveness of several PROMIS patient-reported outcome measures in patients with hand and upper extremity disorders and provided comparisons with the qDASH instrument. The PROMIS Upper Extremity computer adaptive test (UE CAT) v1.2, the PROMIS Physical Function (PF) CAT v1.2, the PROMIS Pain Interference (PI) CAT v1.1 and the qDASH were administered to patients presenting to an orthopaedic hand clinic during the years 2014–2016, along with anchor questions. The responsiveness of these instruments was assessed using anchor based methods. Changes in functional outcomes were evaluated by paired-sample t-test, effect size, and standardized response mean. There were a total of 255 patients (131 females and 124 males) with an average age of 50.75 years (SD = 15.84) included in our study. Based on the change and no change scores, there were three instances (PI at 3 months, PI >3 months, and qDASH >3 months follow-ups) where scores differed between those experiencing clinically meaningful change versus no clinically meaningful change. Effect sizes for the responsiveness of all instruments were large and ranged from 0.80–1.48. All four instruments demonstrated high responsiveness, with a standardized response mean ranging from 1.05 to 1.63. The PROMIS UE CAT, PF CAT, PI CAT, and qDASH are responsive to patient-reported functional change in the hand and upper extremity patient population.
Distinct and redundant functions of three homologs of RNase III in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002

RNase III is a ribonuclease that recognizes and cleaves double-stranded RNA. Across bacteria, RNase III is involved in rRNA maturation, CRISPR RNA maturation, controlling gene expression, and turnover of messenger RNAs. Many organisms have only one RNase III while others have both a full-length RNase III and another version that lacks a double-stranded RNA binding domain (mini-III). The genome of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 (PCC 7002) encodes three homologs of RNase III, two full-length and one mini-III, that are not essential even when deleted in combination. To discern if each enzyme had distinct responsibilities, we collected and sequenced global RNA samples from the wild type strain, the single, double, and triple RNase III mutants. Approximately 20% of genes were differentially expressed in various mutants with some operons and regulons showing complex changes in expression levels between mutants. Two RNase III's had a role in 23S rRNA maturation and the third was involved in copy number regulation one of six native plasmids. In vitro, purified RNase III enzymes were capable of cleaving some of the known Escherichia coli RNase III target sequences, highlighting the remarkably conserved substrate specificity between organisms yet complex regulation of gene expression.
How vital is the role of affect on post-adoption behaviors? An examination of social commerce users

Abstract Social commerce describes a new trend and fast-growing e-commerce business model that utilizes social connections in social networking to promote commerce in the online space. Despite its growth much is not known about factors that motivate users beyond their initial adoption to engage in post-adoption behaviors such as continuance intention to use social commerce to the point of becoming addictive users. Two predominant views have been used to study social commerce in the literature; one emphasizes the role of affect on behavioral outcomes (i.e., dual processing view) while the other suggests that affect is not important in use decisions (i.e., the independency view). Moreover, both views offer inconsistent results on understanding how consumers use social commerce sites. To address this inconsistency in the literature, this paper proposes and empirically evaluates a model that integrates the existing views to extend our understanding on social commerce post-adoption behaviors. Based on existing literature, this study identifies social, hedonic, and utilitarian gratifications that social commerce users seek to fulfill on social commerce sites. A cross-section of 510 social commerce users were recruited to report their perceptions on social commerce usage. Results indicate that the integrated model outperforms each of the dominant views in terms of explaining continuance use intentions and addictive behaviors. Satisfaction was found to both fully and partially mediate the relationship between perceived gratifications and their behavioral outcomes on social commerce sites.
O-GlcNAc: a novel regulator of immunometabolism.

The rapidly expanding field of immunometabolism focuses on how metabolism controls the function of immune cells. CD4+ T cells are essential for the adaptive immune response leading to the eradication of specific pathogens. However, when T cells are inappropriately over-active, they can drive autoimmunity, allergic disease, and chronic inflammation. The mechanisms by which metabolic changes influence function in CD4+ T cells are not fully understood. The post-translational protein modification, O-GlcNAc (O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine), dynamically cycles on and off of intracellular proteins as cells respond to their environment and flux through metabolic pathways changes. As the rate of O-GlcNAc cycling fluctuates, protein function, stability, and/or localization can be affected. Thus, O-GlcNAc is critically poised at the nexus of cellular metabolism and function. This review highlights the intra- and extracellular metabolic factors that influence CD4+ T cell activation and differentiation and how O-GlcNAc regulates these processes. We also propose areas of future research that may illuminate O-GlcNAc’s role in the plasticity and pathogenicity of CD4+ T cells and uncover new potential therapeutic targets.
Constructing Identities: How Two Emergent Bilinguals Create Linguistic Agency in Elementary School.

Emergent bilinguals’ engagement and participation with learning is closely connected to the identities they are able to construct in this learning. In this paper, I present a model for understandin...
The Ecological Transition: From Equilibrium to Disequilibrium

This chapter discusses the ecological transition from equilibrium to disequilibrium. The transitions in population and mobility are only facets of the grand transition in human relations with the physical environment. This is not a single transition but a great many involving natural resources and social structure, the human species and all other species, the surface of the earth, and the settlement of humans. The enormous span of time and historical complexity of the processes means that one can describe it from many points of view and frames of reference. There are typologies and histories, evolutionary laws and empirical generalizations, regularities and exceptions to regularities, and contradictions galore awaiting the single-factor theorist. The process is characterized by both broad, unidirectional evolutionary trends and by evolutions or histories of specific human populations that may or may not exemplify the sequence demonstrated in the evolutionary pattern. By looking at the ecological transition from the standpoint of systemic functioning, one can reduce the complex and gradual changes of the historical process to two types: societies that find equilibrium with nature and those that do not. The equilibrium typology can also provide a frame for the devising of particular hypotheses about change.
Acquired pulmonary stenosis: Ultrasonographic diagnosis

A 15-year-old boy presented with chest pain and a new heart murmur. The clinical diagnosis of pulmonary stenosis was confirmed by two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examinations. A large, encapsulated, partly solid and partly cystic tumor in the anterior mediastinum, visualized by ultrasonography, was compressing the main pulmonary artery and producing the right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The tumor was removed surgically and was found to be a benign teratoma. Postoperative ultrasound examination of the right ventricular outflow tract showed no evidence of obstruction. We conclude that: (1) there are subtle clinical diagnostic differences between intrinsic and extrinsic pulmonary stenosis; (2) ultrasound examination can make cardiac catheterization unnecessary; and (3) relief of the extrinsic cause of pulmonary stenosis should be curative.
PITUITARY AND GASTROINTESTINAL HORMONE-LIKE MATERIAL IN BRAIN

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of pituitary and gastrointestinal hormone-like material in brain. It has been estimated that the number of synapses within the central nervous system (CNS) that can be accounted for by the “classic” neuro-transmitters—acetylcholine, monoamines, and amino acids—may account for only approximately 40 percent of the known synapses present within the CNS. Although CNS concentrations of pituitary and gastrointestinal peptides in brain are several orders of magnitude less than those of the “classic” neurotransmitters, and in most instances one to two orders of magnitude less than their concentrations in their “primary” site of origin, such lesser concentrations by no means minimize the importance of these peptides within the CNS. Some peptides appear to be present with highest concentrations within cortical areas, such as cholecystokinin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. Others are present with highest concentrations in the hypothalamus. These include the. hypophysiotropic hormones, the pro-opiocortin family, and angiotensin. There are also differences as to the localization of peptides in cell bodies.
Breaking Ships in the World-System: An Analysis of Two Ship Breaking Capitals, Alang-Sosiya, India and Chittagong, Bangladesh

Centrality in the world-system allows countries to externalize their hazards or environmental harms on others. Core countries, for instance, dump heavy metals and greenhouse gases into the global sinks, and some of the core's hazardous products, production processes and wastes are displaced to the (semi) peripheral zones of the world-system. Since few (semi) peripheral countries have the ability to assess and manage the risks associated with such hazards, the transfer of core hazards to the (semi) periphery has adverse environmental and socio-economic consequences for many of these countries and it has spawned conflict and resistance, as well as a variety of other responses. Most discussions of this risk globalization problem have failed to situate it firmly in the world-system frame emphasizing the process of ecological unequal exchange. Using secondary sources, I begin such a discussion by examining the specific problem of ship breaking (recycling core-based ocean going vessels for steel and other materials) at the yards in Alang-Sosiya, India and Chittagong, Bangladesh. Attention centers on the nature and scope of ship breaking in these two locations, major drivers operating in the world-system, adverse consequences, the unequal mix of costs and benefits, and the failure of existing political responses at the domestic and international levels to reduce adequately the adverse consequences of ship breaking.
Mutation-induction in repair-deficient strains of Neurospora.

Various mutants sensitive to UV-induced inactivation have been used to study the process of spontaneous and induced mutation in the ad-3 region of Neurospora crassa. Studies on haploid strains have shown that the process of mutation-induction in the ad-3 region is under genetic control. Studies on two-component heterokaryons have shown that this control effects both point mutations and multi-locus deletions. Comparisons made between an excision-repair deficient two-component heterokaryon (59) have shown that the level of effect is markedly mutagen-specific. All possible effects on the process of mutation-induction in the ad-3 region have been found in the strains tested.
Selecting the Patient for Major Ambulatory Surgery: Surgical and Anesthesiology Evaluations

In assessing the patient as a candidate for major ambulatory surgery, the surgeon must make an individual and specific judgment concerning the suitability of each patient. Factors to be considered include the patient's age, general physical and mental condition, anesthetic risk, attitudes about ambulatory surgery, and social and family situation, as well as whether the current standards and customs for ambulatory surgery in that community encompass the proposed procedure. Candidates for anesthesia can be ranked with the classification of the American Society of Anesthesiologists.
Effects of Peripheral Immune Challenge on In Vivo Firing of Basolateral Amygdala Neurons in Adult Male Rats

Abstract Peripheral inflammation often causes changes in mood and emergence of depressive behavior, and is characterized by a group of physical manifestations including lethargy, malaise, listlessness, decreased appetite, anhedonia, and fever. These behavioral changes are induced at the molecular level by pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a key brain region involved in mood and may mediate some of the behavioral effects of inflammation. However, it is unknown whether peripheral inflammatory state affects the activity of BLA neurons. To test this, adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with IL-1β (1 μg, intraperitoneal (i.p.)), and behavioral and electrophysiological measures were obtained. IL-1β reduced locomotion in the open-field test and also reduced home-cage mobility, consistent with features of sickness-like behavior. Using in vivo single-unit extracellular electrophysiological recordings from anesthetized rats, we found that spontaneous BLA neuronal firing was acutely (
Sex differences in ischemic heart disease and heart failure biomarkers

Since 1984, each year, more women than men die of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure (HF), yet more men are diagnosed. Because biomarker assessment is often the first diagnostic employed in such patients, understanding biomarker differences in men vs. women may improve female morbidity and mortality rates. Some key examples of cardiac biomarker utility based on sex include contemporary use of “unisex” troponin reference intervals under-diagnosing myocardial necrosis in women; greater use of hsCRP in the setting of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) could lead to better stratification in women; and greater use of BNP with sex-specific thresholds in ACS could also lead to more timely risk stratification in women. Accurate diagnosis, appropriate risk management, and monitoring are key in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases; however, the assessment tools used must also be useful or at least assessed for utility in both sexes. In other words, going forward, we need to evaluate sex-specific reference intervals or cutoffs for laboratory tests used to assess cardiovascular disease to help close the diagnostic gap between men and women.
Presigmoid Approach to Dumbbell Trigeminal Schwannoma

This case is a 15-year-old male, presenting with headaches, right face, and arm numbness, and ataxia. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) revealed a large right sided dumbbell shaped lesion, extending into the middle and posterior fossa with compression of the brainstem consistent with a trigeminal schwannoma. Treatment options here would be a retrosigmoid suprameatal approach or a lateral presigmoid approach. Given the tumor extension into multiple compartments, a presigmoid craniotomy, combining a middle fossa approach with anterior petrosectomy, and retrolabyrinthine approach with posterior petrosectomy were used to maximize the direct access corridor for resection. The petrous apex was already expanded and remodeled by the tumor. Nerve fascicles preservation technique is paramount to the functional preservation of the trigeminal nerve. The extent of resection should be weighed against the anatomical functional integrity of the nerve. Near total resection is considered if that means more nerve preservation. Postoperatively, the patient had a slight (House-Brackman grade II) facial droop, which resolved over days and developed right trigeminal hypesthesia at several weeks. This case is presented to demonstrate a combined petrosectomy technique for resection of lesions extending into both the middle and posterior cranial fossa with near total resection and trigeminal nerve preservation. The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/kA9GyFhL1dg .
Musculoskeletal Physiology, Disability, and Exercise

For exercise and health to be maximized for people living with mobility limitations, the external environment must be modified. However, at the same time, human physiology must be carefully addressed, specifically neuroendocrine, muscular, and bone development and their maintenance/optimal functioning. Both the external and internal environments are unique to each individual person and their situation with respect to ability/disability. With respect to internal physiology and its impact upon functioning, we must understand that the human body is a complex system that consists of interacting subsystems that positively and negatively regulate each other. Furthermore, cells and tissues both cooperate and compete with one another under these regulatory systems in an ecological fashion that is quite similar to the external environments of animals, plants, and microbes for a given biome. Exercise and health, besides maintaining body structures and preventing obesity, involve natural physiological controls whose effects impact every aspect of human health. Enhancing bone, muscle, and neuroendocrine functioning can benefit the functioning of people living with mobility limitations so that they can live independent, healthy lives.
Modeling I/O Performance Variability Using Conditional Variational Autoencoders

Storage system performance modeling is crucial for efficient use of heterogeneous shared resources on leadership-class computers. Variability in application performance, particularly variability arising from concurrent applications sharing I/O resources, is a major hurdle in the development of accurate performance models. We adopt a deep learning approach based on conditional variational auto encoders (CVAE) for I/O performance modeling, and use it to quantify performance variability. We illustrate our approach using the data collected on Edison, a production supercomputing system at the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC). The CVAE approach is investigated by comparing it to a previously proposed sensitivity-based Gaussian process (GP) model. We find that the CVAE model performs slightly better than the GP model in cases where training and testing data come from different applications, since CVAE can inherently leverage the whole data from multiple applications whereas GP partitions the data and builds separate models for each partition. Hence, the CVAE offers an alternative modeling approach that does not need pre-processing; it has enough flexibility to handle data from a wide variety of applications without changing the inference approach.
Fire resistance evaluation through artificial intelligence - A case for timber structures

Abstract With the ever-growing surge of new technologies, there seems to be an ongoing inertia towards integrating automation and cognition into various engineering applications. Despite a number of initiatives, and oddly enough of all civil engineering sub-disciplines, the structural fire engineering and fire safety community continues to embrace a classical stance to tackle the problem of fire. In support of growing demands to adopt performance-based solutions, this paper showcases the potential of integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a unique technology to assess performance and fire resistance of structures. More specifically, this study sheds light on the proper use of AI to derive temperature-dependent material models for wood, together with simple expressions that can be used to trace thermo-structural response of timber elements/components (i.e. floor assemblies, beams, columns, and connections). These expressions comprehend the naturally complex temperature-induced physio-chemical changes to timber properties, including creep and charring, and hence do not require input of such properties nor special computing software. The outcome of this study clearly shows the merit of utilizing AI to modernize fire resistance evaluation given that the developed AI-models have high degree of perception (i.e. learn from past behaviors) and ability to improve their prediction capability through independent and unsupervised learning.
Vocational Interests, Values, and Preferences, Psychology of

Abstract This article presents a brief summary of the classical psychological theories of vocational interest (e.g., the Holland model). Next, it explores how insights from other subfields of psychology (e.g., developmental, positive, and social psychologies) have contributed to new understandings of how vocational interests form. Drawing on recent literature from these different domains, this article provides a synthesis of the current state of research into vocational psychology.
Urban Spatial Development in the United States from 1910 to 2010: A Novel Data-Driven Perspective

How have our cities evolved into what they are today? Despite strong claims regarding the forces shaping the spatial organization of cities, evidence on long-term urban change remains thin. Notably, direct testing of the regularities and rules thought to characterize long-term urban development is surprisingly rare. By leveraging new and unprecedented data on the spatial organization of cities in the United States since the early twentieth century, we examine the development of cities into their present form. In doing so, we situate fine-resolution historical housing data at the frontier of urban spatial science. While our analysis reveals strong scalable regularities in the size and density development of cities, changes in shape and structure are harder to codify. While our findings support the continued search for generalizable urban properties and “scaling rules", we encourage greater sensitivity to the inherent heterogeneity across different forms of urban spatial change.
Survival of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Javiana and Listeria monocytogenes is dependent on type of soil-free microgreen cultivation matrix.

AIMS This study measured the survival of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Javiana over a 10-day period on four soil-free cultivation matrix (SFCM) types in the absence of microgreens and fertilizers. METHODS AND RESULTS Coco coir (CC), a Sphagnum peat/vermiculite mix, Biostrate® and hemp mat samples were inoculated with 3 × 106 CFU per ml bacteria, incubated at room temperature, and analysed on day 0, 1, 3, 6, and 10. Statistically significant differences in pathogen survival were observed across multiple time points for hemp and Biostrate compared to CC, peat and bacteria in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (P < 0·05). S. Javiana showed greater overall survival compared to Listeria (P < 0·0002). By day 10, S. Javiana persisted at the initial inoculum concentration for hemp and Biostrate while declining by 1-2 log CFU per ml in CC, peat and PBS. Listeria also persisted at the initial concentration in hemp and Biostrate but decreased to 1 log CFU per ml in peat and below the detection limit in CC and PBS. CONCLUSIONS Overall, there are survival differences between bacterial pathogens in SFCM used in microgreen production systems. To our knowledge, this is the first comparison of survival among SFCM involving a S. enterica serovar and L. monocytogenes, and the first study comparing CC, Biostrate and hemp. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Microgreens production systems predominantly utilize soil alternatives, and it is not well-understood how pathogen transmission risk may be affected by the type of SFCM. The results of this study impact the microgreen industry as media selection may be used to reduce the risk of bacterial pathogen proliferation and transmission to the plant potentially resulting in potential foodborne illness.
Structural Characteristics, Optical, Transport and Magnetic Properties of Zinc Doped Cobalt Chromium Ferrite Prepared by Co-precipitation Method

A series of zinc doped cobalt chromium ferrite Co1-xZnxFe1.5Cr0.5O4 (where 0 £ x £ 1) were synthesized by co-precipitation technique. Structural, optical, transport and magnetic properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), diﬀuse reﬂectance, AC electrical properties and hysteresis loop. XRD analysis indicates that all samples consist of a single-phase cubic spinel structure. Rietveld refinement results indicated an increase in lattice parameter due to the replacement of Co2+ by Zn2+ and migration of Fe3+ ions from A-site to B-site. Optical energy band gaps were calculated and it was found that both Eg1 and Eg2 increase with increasing Zn content. Dielectric constant έ, έ', and dielectric loss tangent tanδ were measured at room temperature as a function of applied frequency and temperature. It was noticed, that έ and έ' increase with temperature increment and decrease with increasing frequency and this anomaly can be explained by Maxwell Wagner two-layer model. Magnetic measurements revealed that the saturation magnetization increases as Zn content increases up to Zn=0.4 and after that, the saturation magnetization decreases.
Resource allocation with local QoS: Flexible loads in the power grid

Loads that can vary their power consumption without violating their Quality of service (QoS), that is flexible loads, are an invaluable resource for grid operators. Utilizing flexible loads as a resource requires the grid operator to incorporate them into a resource allocation problem. Since flexible loads are often consumers, for concerns of privacy it is desirable for this problem to have a distributed implementation. Technically, this distributed implementation manifests itself as a time varying convex optimization problem constrained by the QoS of each load. In the literature, a time invariant form of this problem without all of the necessary QoS metrics for the flexible loads is often considered. Moving to a more realistic setup introduces additional technical challenges, due to the problems' time-varying nature. In this work, we develop an algorithm to account for the challenges introduced when considering a time varying setup with appropriate QoS metrics.
Chonradi Nastadiensis Dialogvs Bilingvivm ac Trilingvivm

The Dialogus bilinguium ac trilinguium stands as a literary monument to one of the sharper crises in Erasmus’ life-long battle against obscurantism in the fields of education and theology. Years earlier, at Steyn, the young humanist had launched his Antibarbari against the enemies of classical studies 1). His opponents then were the monks and teachers who, through laziness, ignorance, conservatism or fear of pagan influences, still clung to the medieval forms of education and tried to check the advance of the new learning. The quarrel thus far was waged on literary grounds. Later, when his interests turned to the study of Christian as well as classical antiquity 2), the struggle entered a new and more virulent stage. In dealing with the problems of biblical scholarship and early Christianity, Erasmus used the same methods, the same approach, as in dealing with the classics. His enemies, too, were the same, but he was attacking them now at a much more sensitive point. He ignored the scholastic learning of the intervening centuries, and turned to the original sources as the only true authority.
Ethnographic futures research as a method for working with Indigenous communities to develop sustainability indicators

Ethnographic futures research (EFR) is a participatory research method that allows the researcher(s) and Indigenous people to explore sustainability together. The method is in alliance with Indigen...
Severe pre-eclampsia: Another great imitator

Twenty-eight women with severe pre-eclampsia were misdiagnosed and initially thought to have disorders unrelated to pregnancy. Their chief complaints included failing vision, liver or gallbladder dysfunction, renal failure, hemorrhage, seizures, and heart failure. Laboratory studies usually demonstrated thrombocytopenia and high hematocrit values. The development of these symptoms appears to begin with failure of the primigravida to appropriately increase her blood volume commensurate with the increase in size of her uterus. Expanding the severly pre-eclamptic patient's blood volume with intravenous albumin appears to be an effective and appropriate therapy.
Perceived equity, satisfaction, and relational maintenance strategies in parent-adolescent dyads

Equity theory has often been applied and applauded for its explanatory power in casual relationships, since most casual relationships endure only as long as both parties benefit from the relationship. The present study examined satisfaction and relational maintenance strategies as a function of equity in parent–adolescent relationships. Data from both parent and adolescent perceptions were gathered. Results indicated that parents' reports of satisfaction by perceived equity supported predictions by equity theory. However, adolescents' reports of satisfaction offer only partial support of equity theory for participants in underbenefited and equitable relationships. Adolescents' reports of satisfaction for overbenefited participants was not consistent with equity theory. Parents' and adolescents' reports of maintenance strategies by perceived equity provided some support of equity theory. Adolescents' reports of maintenance strategies were also influenced by parent sex. Implications for equity theory in parent–adolescent relationships are discussed.
The World Bank: Toward a Global Club

In the light of this simple idea of the bank as a global credit club, what are the issues that arise with respect to its current governance structure? How might various proposals for reform strengthen the bank by returning it to its spirit as a â€œclub of nationsâ€ whose objectives are shared by all club members? [CGD Essay]