cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patients With Positive Preoperative Stress Tests Undergoing Vascular Surgery

Objective: To examine the perioperative cardiac morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing major vascular surgery with β-blockade after a positive stress test or cardiac catheterization. Design: Retrospective review of a quality assurance database. Setting: A university teaching hospital. Participants: A consecutive series of 31 patients undergoing peripheral vascular or aortic surgery after a positive stress test or catheterization between November 2001 and September 2003. Intervention: None. Measurements and Main Results: All 31 patients had a preoperative positive stress test and/or cardiac catheterization, with 12 having multiple areas at risk for myocardial ischemia. None had an intervening coronary revascularization. Twenty-seven had at least one of the intermediate clinical predictors as defined by the American College of Cardiology and 7 had a left ventricular ejection fraction Conclusions: This case series reports on the authors’ experience with patients undergoing high-risk vascular surgery after a positive stress test or catheterization, but without an intervening coronary intervention. All patients received perioperative β-blockade and had a very low adverse cardiac event rate. With reduction of adverse events by β-blockade, the likelihood of a positive event may be reduced and the utility of the test in risk stratification may be questioned.
Enabling Spectrum Sharing via Spectrum Consumption Models

Spectrum consumption models attempt to capture spectral, spatial, and temporal consumption of spectrum of any specific RF transmitter, receiver, system, or collection of systems. The information contained in the models enables better spectrum management practices and allows for the identification of spectrum reuse opportunities. The characteristics and structure of spectrum consumption models (SCMs) are being standardized within the IEEE DySPAN-SC P1900.5.2 group. This paper presents and discusses how SCMs can be used to enable spectrum sharing and new spectrum management interactions. We describe the ongoing efforts to standardize SCMs to ensure that they can: 1) effectively capture the boundaries of spectrum use in all of its dimensions by devices and systems of devices and 2) provide a stable definition on how to arbitrate the compatibility of SCMs. By achieving these objectives, SCMs will enable innovation in spectrum sharing and in the development of dynamic spectrum access systems.
Determination and correction of quadrature fringe measurement errors in interferometers

The precision and accuracy of interferometers using quadrature fringe detection are often limited not by the interferometer itself but by the detector system. There are three typical errors: unequal gain in the two channels; quadrature phase shift error; and zero offsets. This paper describes a simple method for determining the quadrature errors from experimental data obtained in the interferometer and correcting for them. A numerical example demonstrating the significant improvement in the precision of interferometer data is given.
The Sobolev Norms and Localization on the Fourier Side for Solutions to Some Evolution Equations

In this paper, some evolution equations with rough time-dependent potential are studied in the case of one-dimensional torus. We show that the solution has higher regularity for the generic values of the coupling parameter. We also control the localization of these solutions on the Fourier side.
Suppression of immune response induction in Peyer's patch lymphoid cells from mice infected with mouse hepatitis virus

Multiple previous studies have demonstrated significant alterations of immunologic parameters associated with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infection, but effects of the virus on mucosal lymphoid cells have not been examined. Coincident with a natural outbreak of MHV at our institution, we noted alterations in immunoglobulin secretion by mature Peyer's patch B cells under an inductive stimulus provided by dendritic cells and mitogen-activated T cells (DC-T). MHV was isolated from mice affected during the outbreak, and experimental infection of mice with the isolate consistently resulted in failures of immunoglobulin secretion by cocultures of Peyer's patch DC-T and B cells. In subsequent experiments, MHV appeared to negatively affect DC-T more than B cells. Therefore, the effects of inapparent MHV infection on experimental mucosal immune responses can result from natural infection and can be experimentally reproduced.
Histones of two insect species.

Abstract When histones from calf thymocytes and cricket muscle and intestine were isolated and chromatographed on ion-exchange resin, no difference in the elution patterns was detected. However, when the technique of acrylamide gel electrophoresis was used, the histones prepared from crickets and mealy bugs had different gel patterns than the histones prepared by the same technique from calf thymocytes. One explanation of this result is that the histones of these two insects are different than the histones of calf thymocytes. No more than six histone components were resolved by acrylamide gel electrophoresis, suggesting that insect histones consist of a limited number of major components.
Mesoporous nanocrystalline sulfated zirconia synthesis and its application for FFA esterification in oils

Abstract Mesoporous nanocrystalline sulfated zirconia catalyst has been prepared from zirconium hydroxide synthesized at different digestion/hydrothermal treatment times. Sulfuric acid and chlorosulfonic acid were used as two different sulfonating agents. The effect of digestion time, sulfonating agent and the calcination temperature on structural, textural and catalytic properties of the prepared catalyst were investigated in details using nitrogen adsorption–desorption (BET), ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA–DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The sulfated zirconia prepared at various digestion times and two different sulfonating agents were tested for the esterification of free fatty acid (FFAs) in soybean oil (prepared by mixing oleic acid in soybean oil) as model reaction. Sulfated zirconia catalyst prepared with 3 h digestion time and 600 °C calcination temperature using chlorosulfonic acid showed the highest catalytic activity with about 85% conversion in just 80 min of esterification time at 60 °C reaction temperature.
Scanning scattering microscope for surface and buried interface roughness and defect imaging

A scanning-mode microfocused total integrated scatter (TIS) instrument, the scanning scattering microscope (SSM), can produce two-dimensional images of very small surface and subsurface features and of variations in surface and buried interface roughness. In its present configuration, the lateral resolution is approximately 10 micrometer and the minimal detectable rms-roughness is 0.05 nm (with a bandwidth of 0.096 micrometer-1 to 1.56 micrometer-1). The performance of the SSM has been demonstrated using calibration gratings, Ge samples and ultra-smooth Si(100) and SiO2/Si(100) samples. Intercomparison has also been made with atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements. The results indicate that this scanned optical technique is a very sensitive, non-contact optical method for evaluating surface microroughness. Our measurements also indicate that in some cases, e.g. for ultrathin (less than 10 nm) SiO2 on Si, this optical method can be used to directly image microroughness of buried interfaces. Due to the small beam spot size, compared to a standard TIS, the SSM is applicable to the TIS measurements of rms roughness of small areas (of submillimeter diameter), e.g. craters made by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) techniques.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Enteric pathogens in stool samples of Chicago-area water recreators with new-onset gastrointestinal symptoms

Abstract Background Characterizing pathogens responsible for recreational waterborne gastrointestinal illness is important in estimating risk and developing management strategies to prevent infection. Although water recreation is associated with sporadic cases of gastrointestinal illness, pathogens responsible for such illness are not well characterized. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted enrolling non-water recreators (such as cyclists and joggers) and two groups of limited-contact waters recreators (such as boaters and kayakers): those on an effluent-dominated urban waterway and those on general use waters. Stool samples were collected from participants who developed gastrointestinal symptoms during a three-week follow-up period. Samples were analyzed for bacterial, viral, and protozoan pathogens. Logistic regression models were used to identify associations between water recreation and the presence of pathogens in stool samples. Results Among 10,998 participants without gastrointestinal symptoms at baseline, 2,429 (22.1%) developed at least one symptom during 21 days of follow-up. Of those, 740 (30.5%) provided at least one stool sample, of which 76 (10.3%) were positive for a pathogen. Rotavirus, found primarily among adults, accounted for 53 of the 76 (70%) infections. Among participants with symptoms, pathogen presence was not associated with water recreation or the extent of water exposure. The range of pathogens that could be identified and sample size limitations may have contributed to this lack of association. Conclusions We did not find specific pathogens or groups of pathogens associated with recreational waterborne gastrointestinal illness. Although pathogens responsible for outbreaks of waterborne gastrointestinal illness have been described, microbes that cause sporadic cases remain poorly defined.
Some factors affecting infectivity assays of wound-tumor virus on cell monolayers from an insect vector

Abstract Measurements of wound-tumor virus (WTV)-infectivity were made by counting infection foci in cell monolayers of Agallia constricta . The optimum seeding density was about 2.9 × 10 5 cells per 0.1 ml per coverslip. The foci were revealed by staining with fluorescent antibody and examination with the fluorescence microscope. The focus count method employed in these studies, is shown to be an accurate method for determining WTV infectivities. The number of infected cells per focus was related to the concentration of WTV in the inoculum and is probably an expression of the rate of virus multiplication and spread in the cell monolayer. The effects of glycine, histidine, phosphate, and MgCl 2 in inocula were studied; a histidine-MgCl 2 (His-MgCl 2 ) solution was best for experiments with WTV on cell monolayers. Tumor extracts diluted to 10 −2 in His-MgCl 2 solution were quick-frozen with no detectable loss in infectivity and maintained a constant infectivity at −80° for at least 9 months. The optimal temperature for thawing was about 37°. Optimal inoculation and incubation periods at 30° were dependent upon the WTV-concentration in His-MgCl 2 solution. Optimal periods of inoculation with 8.3 × (10 7.5 , 10 7.0 , and 10 6.5 ) virions per milliliter were 1.5, 2, and 3 hr, respectively; optimal incubation periods for the same concentrations were 36, 42, and 54 hr, respectively. A satisfactory assay procedure for inocula containing about 8.3 × 10 7.0 to 8.3 × 10 6 virions per milliliter consisted of applying 0.01 ml of inoculum per coverslip for 1 hr at 30°; after this an incubation period of 40–60 hr was allowed before focus counts were made. In the His-MgCl 2 solution, the optimum Mg 2+ concentration, using MgCl 2 , was 0.01 M . MgCl 2 , MgSO 4 , and CaCl 2 had essentially the same effect. Infectivity was enhanced by Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ions, but Na + , K + , and Al 3+ ions reduced infectivity. DEAE-dextran and dextran sulfate reduced infectivity markedly. Polyamines (spermidine and spermine) had a similar effect to Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ on infectivity, but they had no additive effect with Mg 2+ . The optimum pH value for inoculation was about 6.5 for a glycine-MgCl 2 -phosphate solution and about 6.0 for a His-MgCl 2 solution. The stability of the virus and the ionic balance in different inoculum solutions may affect inoculation patterns. In the His-MgCl 2 solution, a low pH value of the inoculum resulted in a larger focus than that accompanying higher pH values.
Hydraulics of the August 7,1980, pyroclastic flow at Mount St. Helens, Washington

Open-channel hydraulic theory for flow of an inviscid fluid down a channel of changing slope and width yields a longitudinal velocity profile that matches measured velocities of the August 7, 1980, pyroclastic flow at Mount St. Helens. The model is useful for prediction of zones of erosion, deposition, and hazards. It requires only topographic data, estimates of volumetric flow rate, and a Manning coefficient appropriate for the channel.
Effects of alcohol abuse and familial alcoholism on physical health in men and women.

Detoxified alcoholic men (n = 76) and women (n = 72) and nonalcoholic control men (n = 50) and women (n = 51) were given a structured interview that assessed five categories of physical health: medical history, alcohol-related disorders, trauma history, drug use history, and, for females, female-related disorders. Approximately half the subjects in each group were family history positive for alcoholism. Significant differences between alcoholics and controls were found for all five categories; family history effects were significant for four of the five categories, and sex differences were present in two categories. The results indicate that (a) alcoholics suffer pervasive physical health difficulties, (b) a family history of alcoholism is predictive of health problems in both alcoholics and controls, (c) the effects of alcohol abuse and family history of alcoholism on health appear to be independent and additive, and (d) women may be more "illness prone" than men and exhibit an increased vulnerability to the adverse effects of alcoholism. Language: en
Cytologic features of pulmonary metastasis from a granulosa cell tumor diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration: A case report

We report on a case of a granulosa cell tumor of the ovary metastatic to the lung and diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration. The patient was a 70-yr-old woman who was diagnosed with a granulosa cell tumor of the ovary 17 yr previously. She subsequently developed abdominal metastases and received several cycles of chemotherapy. A 0.5-cm right upper lobe pulmonary nodule was found on a routine chest radiograph and subsequent computerized tomography scan. Aspiration cytology of this pulmonary nodule demonstrated small, relatively uniform neoplastic cells with nuclear grooves and indentations consistent with a granulosa cell tumor. The differential diagnosis of granulosa cell tumors from other metastatic and pulmonary lesions is reviewed.
High-speed solution switching using piezo-based micro-positioning stages

Motion-induced vibration is a critical limitation in high-speed micro-positioning stages used to achieve solution switching. Controlled rapid solution switching is used to study the fast activation and deactivation kinetics of ligand-gated ion-channel populations isolated in excised membrane patches-such studies are needed to understand fundamental mechanisms that mediate synaptic excitation and inhibition in the central nervous system. However, as the solution-switching speed is increased, vibration induced in the piezo-based positioning stages can result in undesired, repeated, ligand application to the excised patch. The article describes a method to use knowledge of the piezo-stage's vibrational dynamics to compensate for and reduce these unwanted vibrations. The method was experimentally verified using an open-electrode technique, and fast solution switching (100 /spl mu/s range) was achieved.
Design Trade-Offs and Deadlock Prevention in Transient Fault-Tolerant SMT Processors

Since the very concept of Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT) entails inherent redundancy, some proposals have been made to run two copies of the same thread on top of SMT platforms in order to detect and correct soft errors. This allows, upon detection of an error, for the rolling back of the processor state to a known safe point, and then a retry of the instructions, thereby resulting in a completely error-free execution. This paper focuses on two crucial implementation issues introduced by this concept: (i) the design trade-off between the fault detection coverage versus the design costs; (ii) the possible occurrence of deadlock situations. To achieve the largest possible fault detection coverage, we replicate the instructions fetched in order to generate the redundant thread copies. Further, we apply the SMT thread scheduling at the the instruction dispatch stage so as to lower the performance overhead. As a result, when compared to the baseline processor, our simulation results show that by using our two new schemes, the performance overhead can be reduced down to as little as 34% on the average, down from 42%. Finally, in the faulttolerant execution mode, since the two copied threads are cooperating with one another, deadlock situations could be quite common. We thus present a detailed deadlock analysis and then conclude that allocating some entries of ROB, LQ, and SQ for the trailing thread is sufficient to prevent such deadlocks.
Intramedullary arthrodesis of the knee after failed total knee arthroplasty

Eighteen patients (eighteen knees) were managed with an intramedullary arthrodesis after a failed total knee arthroplasty. Twelve knees had had a revision total knee arthroplasty and six, a primary total knee arthroplasty. Three knees had had failure of a hinged prosthesis. In eleven knees, the arthroplasty had failed because of infection. Nine patients had had previous attempts at arthrodesis with external fixation. The average duration of the operation was six hours, and the average blood replacement was 2975 milliliters. A vascularized fibular pedicle graft was used in four patients. At a mean of thirty-seven months after the arthrodesis, sixteen of the eighteen patients had a complete radiographic union. The mean time to union was 5.5 months. Although a high rate of union was achieved in these patients, complications occurred in ten of the eighteen knees and this must be considered. Intramedullary arthrodesis is a successful method of salvage for a failed total knee arthroplasty or one complicated by infection that is not amenable to revision, but it is technically demanding and has frequent complications.
Fade-resistant transmission over time-varying wireless channels

Performance of a parallel symbol transmission scheme is analyzed in time-varying Nakagami fading channels. We show that instantaneous signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of the parallel symbol transmission scheme at the matched-filter output is higher than that of a conventional system. Furthermore, the performance gain of the parallel symbol transmission scheme over the conventional system increases as the number of independent fades within the frame increases and/or the Nakagami parameter m decreases.
Value of Dynamic Respiratory Changes in Left and Right Ventricular Pressures for the Diagnosis of Constrictive Pericarditis

Background Conventional cardiac catheterization criteria for the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis (CP) rely on equalization of intracardiac pressures and have many recognized limitations. Rec...
Temperature Biases in Public Opinion Surveys

AbstractThe quasi experiment of deviations from normal temperatures shows how local temperature conditions bias selected survey results. Responses in eight CBS News surveys from 2001 to 2007 change with the weather, with unseasonable temperatures reducing concern about climate change and unusually warm temperatures increasing presidential approval. Unusual temperatures also influence who answers surveys; wealthier respondents are overrepresented in warmer conditions. These results jointly suggest that surveys are at risk for temperature-induced response bias. Weighting-based methods can account for survey results’ temperature-induced differences in samples.
Temperature compensation of the circadian oscillation in drosophila pseudoobscura and its entrainment by temperature cycles.

Detailed analysis of the effects of temperature on the circadian rhythm of eclosion in Drosophila pseudoobscura adults yielded results similar to those in similar studies of other poikilotherms : although the period, T, of the free-running oscillation varies little with different constant temperatures, it can be phase shifted by changes (steps and pulses) and entrained by temperature cycles .Temperature steps-up generate only phase advances ( + A$) ; steps-down generate only phase delays ( -A+). Pulses, however, give both + A+ and - A$. The size of A$ generated depends on the point in the oscillation's cycle exposed to the temperature signal. An empirical relationship is found between temperature steps and pulses : to first approximation, the +A+ or - A+ generated by 12 hr pulses may be computed from the A# generated by the steps comprising that pulse. This finding justifies the assumption that the A+ normally effected by the step is accomplished rapidly (within a few hours). An empirical response curve model for (square wave) temperature cycle entrainment of the eclosion rhythm is developed: from the A# response curves for single 12 hr pulses (high or low), the phase angle difference, Y, between 24 hr recurrent pulses (square-wave forcing oscillation) and the eclosion rhythm (driven circadian oscillation) is correctly predicted. From the response curves for a temperature step-up (T 1 /T 2 ) and a tempera- ture step-down (T2/T1) the A #response curves for single pulses (T1/T2/T1) of different duration were computed. These computed response curves differ in their zero phase shift points; that is, exposure of certain points in the oscillation's cycle to a temperature step-up will generate a + A+ equal to the - A+5 generated by the step-down which comes n hr later, n being the duration of the pulse. Assuming the validity of the empirical response curve model for temperature entrainment, the variation in zero phase shift points of the computed pulse response curves predicts a parallel variation of Y between the eclosion peak and 24 hr recurrent pulses of different durations (different thermoperiods). Such an experiment thus tests both the validity of deriving pulse response curves from of
Routing in general junctions

A junction is a union of channels. The L-, S-, T-, and X-shaped junction routing problems arise while generating a feasible routing order of channels for the building-block layout strategy. The authors present lower and upper bounds on the widths of the channels of general junctions. In addition to the trivial lower bounds provided by the channel densities, they establish nontrivial existential lower bounds by properly arranging nets which require excessive number (i.e. more than the density) of crossings at a set of chosen cuts. To establish the upper bounds the authors first develop a router for the L-junction, and then they show how to use this router for routing general junctions. For the two-terminal net L-, S-, T-, and X-junction routing problems, the authors' routers generate solutions matching the lower bounds; hence, they are optimal. For the three-terminal net case, their router generates solutions matching the existential lower bound for the L-junction. All lower bounds are valid for both the knock-knee and the Manhattan routing models, while the upper bounds are only valid for the knock-knee routing model. However, all the routing solutions are three-layer wireable. >
Sediment entrainment and transport in fluviokarst systems

Abstract The primary geomorphic process active in the development of karst stream systems is generally regarded as bedrock dissolution. However, physical erosional processes may also be an important geomorphic agent in karst development. The objectives of this study were to determine the sediment transport threshold in two fluviokarst streams. The source of the sediment was internal to the karst basins. The approach used was to calculate basal and critical shear stresses from streams in two karst systems to determine if, and how frequently, storm-induced flows are capable of mobilizing stream sediment. The fluviokarst systems investigated as a part of this research are capable of transporting 50–85% of their stream substrates during bankfull discharge conditions. Based on the discharge and precipitation frequency, stream flows capable of entraining d50 and d85 particles occur at intervals of 2.4 and 11.7 months (0.98 yr), respectively. Thus, the sediment transport threshold in fluviokarst streams is exceeded by relatively common discharge events.
Equation of state of semicrystalline and crystalline polymers

The equation of state of a semicrystalline system can be expressed in terms of the corresponding functions for the crystal and the melt, extrapolated into the solid region. This relation may be employed to obtain crystal data by means of information on the semicrystalline material or vice versa. We consider four polymers, namely, polyethylene (LPE), isotactic polypropylene (PP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF). For LPE, the combination of melt and crystal theories predicts satisfactorily the volume of the semicrystalline polymer at atmospheric and elevated pressures. Good agreement between theory and experiment obtains for PEG and PTHF equilibrium melts. In addition to a PP sample measured and discussed by Zoller, a second PP polymer by Leute et al. is considered. From the corresponding semicrystalline data, the equation of state of the crystal is then derived. The PVT results for the three crystalline polymers obtained in this indirect manner are in satisfactory agreement with the predictions of crystal theory. For purposes of comparison, a polymer melt with a low melting point, viz., cis-1,4-polybutadiene, is also discussed in terms of theory. A consideration of the scaling parameters and derived quantities for both crystal and melt had resulted in certain correlations encompassing LPE, PVF2, and PClF3. These cannot be generalized to the systems considered here, particularly in the crystalline state. PEG stands out in respect to several characteristic quantities in both states, whereas PP can be more nearly grouped with the previous three polymers. The theoretical equation of state for the polymer crystal does not satisfy a principle of corresponding states. However, practically useful and accurate interpolation formulas for the theoretical expressions, polynomials at atmospheric pressure, and Tait equations for the compression ratios are derived. Over certain ranges of reduced temperature and pressure, the theoretical isotherms can be approximated by master curves for the four polymers. At atmospheric pressure, such representations are limited.
Developing a travel route planner accounting for traffic variability

Current travel route planners incorporate physical distances and mean travel times when calculating optimal routes between two points but ignore the variability in the travel times. This factor proves important to drivers who favor consistent travel times over routes that yield high variability in travel time. These routes are usually out of the way and therefore, have a higher expected travel time. However, studies have shown that travel time stability has become equally as important to commuters as short expected travel times [1], indicating many commuters may prefer the longer but more predictable routes. In order to address this problem, the team has developed a web-based travel route planner that calculates multiple routes for users. Each route balances a trade-off between expected travel time and variance in travel time. Routes are calculated using a probabilistic model of travel times that incorporates historical traffic data for the Virginia section of the I-95 corridor. The travel planner uses a shortest-path optimization algorithm to calculate several alternative routes. For given starting and ending locations, the planner returns three possible routes along with travel time information about each route. Each calculated route is associated with a different mean/variance preference combination.
An integer programming approach to support the US Air Force's air mobility network

The United States Air Force's air mobility command is responsible for creating a schedule and executing that schedule for a large-scale air mobility network that encompasses aircraft with prioritized missions. Aerial ports (airports) can process or park a maximum number of aircraft, called the maximum on ground (MOG). As the schedule changes due to disruptions, such as equipment failure or weather, the MOG constraint can cause the new schedule to be infeasible. Traditionally, re-planning the channel route schedule to adhere to MOG constraints has been a manual process that usually stops after the first feasible set of changes is found, due to the challenges of large amounts of data and urgency for a re-plan. We extend Bertsimas and Stock's integer program formulation for the commercial airline Multi-Airport Ground-Holding Problem to the air mobility network. Our integer programming formulation recommends delays to certain aircraft on the ground to minimize the effects of system-wide disruptions while taking account mission priorities of the aircraft.
Algebraic constructions of optimal space-time trellis codes

We first show the criteria for designing binary space-time trellis codes that achieve the optimal rate-diversity tradeoff. Based on the criteria, two systematic constructions of binary space-time trellis codes for any number of transmit antennas and any desirable rate are provided. Finally, by extending our work on the unified construction of space-time codes, these newly constructed binary space-time trellis codes are generalized to a series of codes over a much larger signal constellation, for instance, PAM, QAM and PSK modulations.
Home Ownership And The Decision To Overspend

An empirical model of overspending derived from the life cycle savings model was estimated for home owners and renters. Age, income stability indicators, family structure, marital status and race appear to have different impacts in the models, implying that the life cycle model may not equally characterize home owners and renters. Financial professionals need to be aware of the impact of the housing tenure decision on overall spending and savings. Practitioners can use these results to encourage clients to reconsider home purchases in light of expected changes in spending patterns that may impede a clients progress toward other financial goals.
Correlation between hybrid capture II high-risk human papillomavirus DNA test chemiluminescence intensity from cervical samples with follow-up histologic results: a cytologic/histologic review of 367 cases.

BACKGROUND: The Hybrid Capture II high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) DNA test is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved nucleic acid hybridization assay using chemiluminescence for the semiquantitative detection of hrHPV in cervical samples. Patient samples and controls are used to calculate results as negative for hrHPV if 2.5, and ‘‘equivocal’’ if between 1.0 and 2.5. METHODS: The authors reported on the cervical histologic results of 209 patients demonstrating ‘‘equivocal’’ results for hrHPV from SurePath (204 patients) or ThinPrep (5 patients) vials, and compared patients in this cohort with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) cytology on the index cervical Papanicolaou (Pap) test (Group 1; n ¼ 148 patients) with a patient cohort demonstrating unequivocal positive hrHPV test results (Group 2; n ¼ 148 patients). The chemiluminescence intensity of hrHPV tests from patients in Group 2 were correlated with the presence and severity of dysplasia on subsequent histologic results, and patients were thereby stratified for their subsequent risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) types II/III. RESULTS: Approximately 97% of hrHPV tests demonstrating ‘‘equivocal’’ results were found to be positive at the time of retesting, and 15% of biopsied cases demonstrated CIN II or III. Results of follow-up histology after an ASC-US diagnosis, expressed as a percentage of the biopsied cohort, were: CIN II/III: 16.5% in Group 1 and 22.4% in Group 2; CIN I: 27% in Group 1 and 23.5% in Group 2; and negative: 56.5% in Group 1 and 54.1% in Group 2. Chemiluminescence intensity did not appear to be correlated with the severity of dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of high-grade CIN in the ‘‘equivocal’’ hrHPV cohort is highly significant and therefore the management of these patients should be similar to the unequivocally positive population. After an unequivocal positive hrHPV test, the hrHPV chemiluminescence intensity does not appear to further predict the rate of high-grade CIN. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2010;118:209–17. V C 2010 American Cancer Society.
Density of the Waterborne Parasite Ceratomyxa shasta and Its Biological Effects on Salmon

The myxozoan parasite Ceratomyxa shasta is a significant pathogen of juvenile salmonids in the Pacific Northwest of North America and is limiting recovery of Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (O. kisutch) salmon populations in the Klamath River. We conducted a 5-year monitoring program that comprised concurrent sentinel fish exposures and water sampling across 212 river kilometers of the Klamath River. We used percent mortality and degree-days to death to measure disease severity in fish. We analyzed water samples using quantitative PCR and Sanger sequencing, to determine total parasite density and relative abundance of C. shasta genotypes, which differ in their pathogenicity to salmonids. We detected the parasite throughout the study zone, but parasite density and genetic composition fluctuated spatially and temporally. Chinook and coho mortality increased with density of their specific parasite genotype, but mortality-density thresholds and time to death differed. A lethality threshold of 40% mortality was reached with 10 spores liter−1 for Chinook but only 5 spores liter−1 for coho. Parasite density did not affect degree-days to death for Chinook but was negatively correlated for coho, and there was wider variation among coho individuals. These differences likely reflect the different life histories and genetic heterogeneity of the salmon populations. Direct quantification of the density of host-specific parasite genotypes in water samples offers a management tool for predicting host population-level impacts.
Effects of Processing Temperature on ReCrete Polyurethane Foam

Research is conducted to determine the effect of processing temperature on some of the physical and mechanical properties of a polyurethane foam called ReCrete. The polyurethane foaming process is manipulated to change the foam's density, chemistry, and mechanical properties. There is a 30-min period after ReCrete components are mixed when the materials are still undergoing significant chemical reaction. Researchers manipulate these chemical reactions by changing the environmental temperature during this process. This study investigates the effect of processing temperature on the chemistry and the resulting mechanical properties for a polyurethane foam system molded in aluminum cylinders and boxes. Processing temperature is varied from 25°C to 85°C. Researchers show that the processing temperature has a significant effect on ReCrete chemistry and density. The average density decreases by 19% over this temperature range. The chemistry, in turn, affects the static and dynamic mechanical properties. The axia...
Genetic variants and cell-free hemoglobin processing in sickle cell nephropathy

Intravascular hemolysis and hemoglobinuria are associated with sickle cell nephropathy. ApoL1 is involved in cell-free hemoglobin scavenging through association with haptoglobin-related protein. APOL1 G1/G2 variants are the strongest genetic predictors of kidney disease in the general African-American population. A single report associated APOL1 G1/G2 with sickle cell nephropathy. In 221 patients with sickle cell disease at the University of Illinois at Chicago, we replicated the finding of an association of APOL1 G1/G2 with proteinuria, specifically with urine albumin concentration (β=1.1, P=0.003), observed an even stronger association with hemoglobinuria (OR=2.5, P=4.3×10−6), and also replicated the finding of an association with hemoglobinuria in 487 patients from the Walk-Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension and Sickle cell Disease with Sildenafil Therapy study (OR=2.6, P=0.003). In 25 University of Illinois sickle cell disease patients, concentrations of urine kidney injury molecule-1 correlated with urine cell-free hemoglobin concentrations (r=0.59, P=0.002). Exposing human proximal tubular cells to increasing cell-free hemoglobin led to increasing concentrations of supernatant kidney injury molecule-1 (P=0.01), reduced viability (P=0.01) and induction of HMOX1 and SOD2. HMOX1 rs743811 associated with chronic kidney disease stage (OR=3.0, P=0.0001) in the University of Illinois cohort and end-stage renal disease (OR=10.0, P=0.0003) in the Walk-Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension and Sickle cell Disease with Sildenafil Therapy cohort. Longer HMOX1 GT-tandem repeats (>25) were associated with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate in the University of Illinois cohort (P=0.01). Our findings point to an association of APOL1 G1/G2 with kidney disease in sickle cell disease, possibly through increased risk of hemoglobinuria, and associations of HMOX1 variants with kidney disease, possibly through reduced protection of the kidney from hemoglobin-mediated toxicity.
Ability of macrophages to process and present Treponema pallidum Bosnia A strain antigens in experimental syphilis of syrian hamsters.

Abstract The ability of macrophages to process and present treponemal antigens to T-lymphocytes was studied in early stages of experimental syphilis produced by Treponema pallidum Bosnia A strain (the causative agent of endemic syphilis) infection of inbred Syrian hamsters (LSH/Ss Lak strain). A difference was noticed in the response of macrophages obtained from the peritoneal cavity, lymph nodes, and spleens of the infected animals. In all of these locations, a general increase in the population of Iak-positive macrophage was seen during the entire period of infection, i.e., 3 to 18 weeks after inoculation. Peritoneal cavity-derived macrophages showed no difference in antigen presentation to sensitized and nonsensitized T-lymphocytes for the first 7 weeks of infection. However, at 18 weeks after infection, peritoneal macrophages lost their ability to process treponema antigens. Spleen- and lymph node-derived macrophages did not exhibit a parallel loss in their ability to process treponema antigens. A fluctuation without a consistent pattern was noticed in the antigen processing and presentation by macrophages from the spleen and lymph nodes. In general, the sensitized T-lymphocytes responded to treponema antigen presented by macrophages more vigorously than the nonsensitized T-lymphocytes. An increased ability of spleen-derived macrophages to process and present antigens was noticed throughout the entire period of infection. The macrophages from the lymph nodes showed such an increase only temporarily at 3 weeks after infection. These data suggest that the processing and presentation of treponema antigens by macrophages in acute syphilitic infection fluctuates considerably and depends on the source of macrophages and the duration of the infection. The differences in the response of peritoneal cavity-, spleen-, and lymph node-derived macrophages probably reflect the complex interactions between the macrophage and other cells involved in the immune response to treponema infection.
Honeycomb specimens under combined compressive and shear displacement conditions

The quasi-static crush behavior of aluminum 5052-H38 honeycomb specimens under non-proportional compression dominant combined loads is investigated by experiments. Compression dominant combined loads and pure compressive loads were applied in different sequences to induce non-proportional combined loads. The experimental results show that the normal crush and shear strengths in combined loading regions and the normal crush strengths in pure compressive loading regions of the non-proportional combined loads are quite consistent with the existing phenomenological yield criterion based on the experimental normal crush and shear strengths under proportional combined loads. The experimental results indicate that the sequence of loading paths for the non-proportional combined loads does not affect the crush strengths of honeycomb specimens. Specimens crushed under non-proportional combined loads show developments of different stacking patterns of folds in different loading regions of the non-proportional combined loads.
Interest Group Competition and Legislative Gridlock

The publication of Mayhewﾒs (1991) Divided We Govern created an explosion of research on the causes of legislative gridlock, but most of these explanations hold that divided government are the result of ideological differences within legislative institutions or between legislatures and the executive. Those few studies looking at an interest group-based explanation have placed blame on tightly knit communities of groups with similar interests conspiring to defend the status quo rather than support new, innovative legislation. In this paper I take an alternative approach by assuming that interest groups working on individual issues have policy preferences at odds with each other and compete to influence legislation. I argue that because legislators desire consensus before moving bills, they are only willing to proceed when competition among groups can resolve into consensus rather than conflict. I test a set of hypotheses based on this argument with data drawn from interviews with interest groups lobbying six different policy issues from 1999 to 2002. I find that the degree of group competition does have a substantial impact on the probability of legislation being enacted into law.
The development of Sahul agriculture with Australia as bystander

The distribution of food-plants—both potential and actually exploited — reflects the natural history of contact across the seas and through the region, often long before Pleistocene times. The later and the human contribution has to be discerned from varied lines of evidence. The inventive process of early domestication leading to cultivation in the Sahulian north (New Guinea) was not a part of plant adaptation in the south (Australia). Neither did species diffusion result in adoption of agriculture or stimulation towards domestication among the Aboriginal hunter-gatherers.
Properties of Building Materials

Building components are to be designed to satisfy the requirements of serviceability and safety limit states. One of the major safety requirements in building design is the provision of appropriate fire resistance to various building components. The basis for this requirement can be attributed to the fact that, when other measures of containing the fire fail, structural integrity is the last line of defense. In this chapter, the term structural member is used to refer to both load-bearing (e.g., columns, beams, slabs) and non-load-bearing (e.g., partition walls, floors) building components.
The Pathology of Lupus Nephritis

This chapter presents an introduction to the pathology of lupus nephritis, including a basic understanding of techniques (light and electron microscopy and immunomicroscopy) used to evaluate renal biopsies, and common lesions and patterns of injury associated with immune complex deposition in glomeruli, tubulointerstitium, and vessels. The International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society Classification is then outlined in detail and discussed in light of common clinical scenarios and issues.
Automated 2D IR spectroscopy using mid-IR pulse shaping and applications to membrane peptides

This presentation covers new advances in automating 2D IR spectroscopy using a novel mid-IR pulse shaper. This shaper permits extremely rapid collection of highly accurate 2D IR spectra. Applications to membrane peptides will be presented.
A MECHANICAL LIMITATION ON THE POSITION OF THE JAW MUSCLES OF MAMMALS: THE ONE-THIRD RULE

Resultant force of the mammalian jaw elevating muscles acts on the horizontal jaw ramus closer to the craniomandibular joint than to the anterior teeth,.a condition which reduces the effectiveness of the muscle force. If the resultant muscle force were located more anterior than a point approximately one-third of the jaw length from the jaw joint, the biting side ramus would tend to rotate laterally about its long axis during lateral incisor or canine biting. This rotation would be resisted by the ligaments of the craniomandibular joint so that the forces acting at each end of the jaw would tend to twist the bone in opposite directions. This twisting of the jaw ramus should be avoided because bone is weakest in torsion. Despite the difficulties in estimating muscle action lines, empirical observations suggest that this theoretical one-third limit for the anterior location of the resultant force of the musculature, that will preclude most of the torsional forces, is usually not exceeded; the resultant force of the jaw muscles is in general restricted to the posterior third of the ramus.
Malignant lymphomas in children.

Malignant lymphomas are tumors of lymphoid tissue that make up almost 30% of cancers in childhood. The term “lymphoma” covers a variety of histologic types of tumor that have been placed in many different classifications. Based on biological behavior and current management, it is convenient to divide lymphomas in children into 2 broad categories: (a) Hodgkin’s disease, and (b) non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Hodgkin’s disease in children resembles the disease in adults. It is a slowly progressive chronic disease, often lacking in systemic symptoms in early stages. Evaluation of Hodgkin’s disease involves careful determination of extent of disease by radiologic, scanning, biochemical, and surgical staging techniques. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, in contrast, is one of the most rapidly growing cancers in children. The disease differs greatly from adult non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma both in behavior and management. The rapid clinical course and early spread to bone marrow and central nervous system resembles acute leukemia more than adult non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The children are often extremely sick at the time of diagnosis and evaluation. More than a 24-hour delay in treatment may increase the problems of subsequent management and jeopardize cure. The planned staging laparotomy carried out electively in Hodgkin’s disease has no place in the management of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in children. Surgery in this tumor consists of biopsy of peripheral node for diagnosis and determination of peripheral nodal presentation, and exploratory laparotomy for resection of gross tumor in abdominal presentation. Whereas the pretreatment evaluation may take 1 week in Hodgkin’s disease, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma requires urgent induction of chemotherapy within 48 hours of diagnosis. This discussion of lymphoma in children involves separate considerations of Hodgkin’s disease and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The reader should think of these groups as 2 distinct diseases requiring quite different types of management.