cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical Practice Patterns Among Health Care Professionals for Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization

CONTEXT Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) is a popular myofascial intervention used by health care professionals. OBJECTIVE To document IASTM clinical practice patterns among health care professionals in the United States. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Online survey. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 853 members of the National Athletic Trainers' Association (n = 249) and the American Physical Therapy Association (n = 604). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Responses to a 55-item electronic survey that assessed 4 areas, namely, IASTM training and experience, IASTM application, perception of IASTM in practice, and demographic information. RESULTS Most (n = 705, 83%) of the 853 respondents used IASTM in their practice, and they had an average of 15 years of work experience. Approximately 86% (n = 731) reported completing some type of formal training, and 61% (n = 518) had completed some type of informal training. Respondents used >34 different IASTM tools. Seventy-one percent (n = 606) indicated either not knowing how to quantify the amount of force applied by the tool during treatment or not trying to quantify. Fifteen percent (n = 128) estimated a force ranging from 100 to 500g. The treatment time for a specific lesion and location ranged from 1 to ≤5 minutes, with an average total treatment time of 14.46 ± 14.70 minutes. Respondents used 31 different interventions before or after IASTM. Approximately 66% (n = 564) reported following treatment recommendations, and 19% (n = 162) described rarely or never following recommendations learned during training. A total of 94% (n = 801) recounted using some type of clinical outcome measure to assess their treatment. Cluster analysis identified 3 distinct cluster groupings among professionals, with most (89%, n = 729/818) indicating that IASTM was an effective treatment. CONCLUSIONS This survey documented the IASTM practice patterns of health care professionals. Cluster profiles characterized group differences in IASTM training and clinical application. The gaps among research, clinical practice, and training need to be bridged to establish IASTM best practices.
Through-the-Wall Imaging and Sensing: An Electromagnetic Perspective

In this paper we first briefly outline important areas of research in design of through-the-wall imaging and sensing systems from an electromagnetic perspective. Then we review some of our work in the applications of various polarization contrast techniques for detection of changes due to an object motion and/or orientation behind the wall. Finally, we discuss development of a low-profile wideband antenna array for a portable radar system that can be used in conjunction with polarization contrast algorithms.
Isoleucyl Transfer Ribonucleic Acid Synthetase Is a Single Polypeptide Chain

Abstract Isoleucyl transfer RNA synthetase is not dissociable into subunits in denaturing solvence after reduction and carboxymethylation, reaction with maleic anhydride, or oxidation. Physical data is presented from electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulphate and from equilibrium centrifugation in 6 m guanidine hydrochloride which yields a molecular weight of 114,000 ± 2,000 for the native, denatured, or alkylated enzyme. Only a single amino terminus, threonine, is detected for the oxidized protein.
The Impact of Component Modularity on Design Evolution: Evidence from the Software Industry

Much academic work asserts a relationship between the design of a complex system and the manner in which this system evolves over time. In particular, designs which are modular in nature are argued to be more "evolvable," in that these designs facilitate making future adaptations, the nature of which do not have to be specified in advance. In essence, modularity creates "option value" with respect to new and improved designs, which is particularly important when a system must meet uncertain future demands. Despite the conceptual appeal of this research, empirical work exploring the relationship between modularity and evolution has had limited success. Three major challenges persist: first, it is difficult to measure modularity in a robust and repeatable fashion; second, modularity is a property of individual components, not systems as a whole, hence we must examine these dynamics at the microstructure level; and third, evolution is a temporal phenomenon, in that the conditions at time t affect the nature of the design at time t+1, hence exploring this phenomenon requires longitudinal data. In this paper, we tackle these challenges by analyzing the evolution of a successful commercial software product over its entire lifetime, comprising six major "releases." In particular, we develop measures of modularity at the component level, and use these to predict patterns of evolution between successive versions of the design. We find that modularity has a strong and unambiguous impact on design evolution. Specifically, we show that i) tightly-coupled components are "harder to kill," in that they have a greater likelihood of survival in subsequent versions of a design; ii) tightly-coupled components are "harder to maintain," in that they experience more surprise changes to their dependency relationships that are not associated with new functionality; and iii) tightly-coupled components are "harder to augment," in that the mix of new components added in each version is significantly more modular than the legacy design.
Automatic grasp planning: an operation space approach

During grasping motions, frictional forces and geometric constraint can combine to eliminate uncertainty in the location of the object. This paper incorporates the mechanics of friction and constraint in automatic planning of grasping motions. Our approach to automatic planning is centered on the use of operation space, which can be constructed for any parameterized class of operations. This approach was applied by Brost [1986] to plan planar parallel-jaw grasping motions. We extend Brost’s work to include the finite dimensions of the fingers and the finite lengths of the motions. We explore the conditions for a successful grasp, and derive constraints in the operation space. An operation satisfying all of the constraints should produce the required result.
Euglena gracilis chloroplast psbB, psbT, psbH and psbN gene cluster: regulation of psbB-psbT pre-mRNA processing.

A 2.4 kb region of theEuglena gracilis chloroplast genome containing the genespsbT, psbH andpsbN was characterized. The mRNAs transcribed frompsbB, psbT, psbH andpsbN were analyzed by northern hybridization, S1 nuclease protection analysis and primer extension RNA sequencing. The gene pairspsbB psbT andpsbH-psbN are cotranscribed from opposite strands. The 5′ end of thepsbN-psbH transcript and the intercistronic cleavage sites betweenpsbB-psbT and psbN-psbH were determined. The extent ofpsbB-psbT intercistronic cleavage is greater during photoautotrophic than heterotrophic growth and thus may be developmentally regulated. Processing is absent in the nonphotosyntheticE. gracilis mutant Y9Z1NaL.
Effect of Cholinergic Agonists on Muscle From Rodent Proximal and Distal Small Intestine

Proximal and distal rat small intestine was cut into strips measuring 6.0 × 10.0 mm. Strips cut along the oral-caudal axis were called longitudinal strips, whereas those cut 90° to that axis were called circular strips. Stress in circular and longitudinal muscle strips was measured continuously as they were superf used with acetylcholine, carbamylcholine, methacholine, bethanechol, or physostigmine. Resting stress during stretch, acetylcholine-stimulated active stress, and total stress were determined. Proximal circular muscle was five times as sensitive to acetylcholine as distal circular muscle (p -6 M) increased acetylcholine-stimulated active stress in proximal and distal circular muscle by 29% and 70%, respectively (p 0.05). This difference between proximal and distal circular muscle (41%) was also significant (p
Social psychology's contribution to the psychological study of peace: A review.

Abstract. This article examines the overlap between social psychology and the psychological study of peace. We suggest that, within mainstream social psychology, a substantial body of research exists that can be referred to as “social psychological peace research” (SPPR). We present a framework that defines the subject matter and introduces conceptual and methodological criteria, characterizing core research in this area as (1) value-explicit, (2) contextualized, (3) including multiple levels of analysis, and (4) practically oriented. A content analysis of leading social psychology journals identifies the amount and nature of current SPPR. We suggest future directions for an integrated body of research to realize the field's potential to further the understanding and prevention of societal conflict as well as the promotion of positive intergroup relations.
Multivariate Analysis of Gametic Disequilibrium in the Yanomama

The gametic disequilibria between all possible pairs of loci were examined for a set of eight codominant loci in each of fifty Yanomama villages, using a multivariate correlation analysis which reduces the results to a single measure of departure from multiple-locus-gametic equilibrium. Thirty-two of the fifty villages departed significantly from multiple-locus gametic equilibrium. The largest contributions to the departure from multiple-locus equilibrium were due to the disequilibria between MN and Ss and between Rh(Cc) and Rh(Ee), indicating the effects of tight linkage. After removing the effects of these obvious sources of disequilibrium, sixteen of the fifty villages still remained significantly out of equilibrium. The disequilibrium between any particular pair of loci was highly erratic from village to village, and (with the exception of the MN-Ss and Cc-Ee disequilibria) averaged out very close to zero overall, suggesting a lack of systematic forces (epistatic selection). The departure from equilibrium in any one village is in excess of that expected from random sampling alone, and is attributed primarily to the fission-fusion mode of village formation operative in the Yanomama and the fact that a single village consists of a few extended lineages. Village allele frequencies are highly correlated across loci, and most of the non-independence is accounted for by large correlations in the average allelic frequencies of different loci for related villages. It is suggested that these correlations also are due to territorial expansion and population growth. For the tribe as a whole, all but the tightly linked markers of the MNSs and Rh complexes are approximately uncorrelated, and large departures from multiple-locus Hardy-Weinberg expectation are primarily due to substantial Wahlund variance within the tribe. There is no need to postulate a role for selection in these disequilibria.
Morbidity and Functional Status of Patients With Pelvic Neurogenic Tumors After Wide Excision

Background We previously reported that over the last 10 years our practice has evolved in the treatment of neurogenic tumors of the pelvis to include a multispecialty team of surgeons, a factor that might decrease morbidity and improve recurrence, survival, and function.
Modeling ventilation and dispersion for covered roadways

Abstract A series of computational fluid simulations was conducted to assess the relative impacts of several forced ventilation configurations on the distribution of atmospheric pollution concentrations from vehicles operating within a covered roadway. These conditions are frequently encountered in urban highways, airports, parking structures and so forth. Ventilation configurations tested included ceiling curtains and jets. A simple 2D geometry without artificial ventilation was used as a base case together with a worst-case flow scenario that assumed no transverse ambient wind flow. The base-case simulations were compared to simulations for various auxiliary ventilation alternatives. The simulations demonstrate that ventilation is necessary to effectively minimize peak ambient concentrations in covered roadways. Auxiliary overhead ventilation ports are found to result in the most dramatic improvement in pollutant concentrations. The simulations also indicate that regions of low velocity and vortex-type flow patterns with flow reversals are characteristic of situations with very high values of peak pollutant concentrations.
Modeling, identification, validation and control of a hybrid Maglev ball system

In this thesis, the electrodynamics of a single axis hybrid electromagnetic suspension Maglev system was modeled and validated by applying it to a single axis hybrid maglev ball experiment. By exploring its linearized model, it was shown that the single axis hybrid Maglev ball has inherently unstable dynamics. Three control scenarios were explored based on the linearized model; (1) Proportional, Deferential (PD) control, (2) Proportional, Deferential, Integral (PID) and (3) PID controller with pre-filtering. This thesis has shown that a PID controller with a pre-filtering technique can stabilize such a system and provide a well-controlled response. A parametric system identification technique was applied to fit the theoretically derived model to a single axis hybrid maglev ball experiment. It is known that the identified model has different model parameters than the theoretically "derived" parameters. This thesis has examined and discussed the deviation from the theoretical model. Importantly, it was shown that such a system can be identified by estimating the values of two parameters instead of five to increase the accuracy. A Numerical nonlinear simulation was developed for the experiment based on the theoretically derived and experimentally identified model. This simulation was validated by real-time experiment outputs.
Aqueous-phase photoproduction of hydrogen peroxide in authentic cloud waters: Wavelength dependence, and the effects of filtration and freeze-thaw cycles

Abstract Quantum yields (Φλ) of hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) photoproduction are reported at 313, 334, and 366 nm for authentic cloud waters collected over a three-year period (1991–1993) at Whiteface Mountain, New York. Quantum yields of HOOH production (based on the total sample absorbance) in these cloud waters ranged up to 0.014. For each sample the HOOH quantum yield decreased with increasing wavelength: Φ313 > Φ334 > Φ366. Action spectra for HOOH photoproduction in these cloud waters indicate that light between 290 and 380 nm is primarily responsible for the aqueous-phase HOOH photoproduction in tropospheric water drops. Quantum yields at 334 and 366 nm were each highly correlated with quantum yields at 313 nm. The cloud water absorbances per centimeter at 334 and 313 nm were also highly correlated. This suggests that similar classes; of chromophores were responsible for the aqueous-phase HOOH photoformation in the cloud waters from different events over a three-year period. The chromophores have not been identified, thus absolute quantum yields for HOOH formation from specific chromophores in an authentic sample could not be calculated. Comparisons of wavelength-dependent relative quantum yields in a given authentic cloud water sample (assuming Fe(oxalate)2− was the primary source of HOOH) with those for Fe(oxalate)2− in well-defined aqueous systems indicate that photolysis of Fe(oxalate)2− was not the primary source of HOOH photoproduction in any of the nine authentic cloud water samples studied. Filtration (0.5 μm Teflon) caused only small differences (⩽15% increase) in rates of HOOH photoformation versus unfiltered controls. Filtration through a 0.05 μm polycarbonate membrane filter did not cause distinguishable differences in the ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra of a cloud water sample previously filtered with a 0.5 μm Teflon filter. These observations suggest that particles were neither the dominant source nor the dominant sink of the photoproduced HOOH. Freezing (up to 403 d) caused only minor changes in HOOH photoproduction rates (−9 to + 12%), and in the ultraviolet-visible absorbance spectra and pH values of the cloud water studied. These observations indicate that freeze-thaw cycles in clouds will have only minor influences on the aqueous-phase photoformation of HOOH.
3-D Thermoelastic Moduli and Saturation Crack Density for Cross-Ply Laminates with Transverse Cracks

For stiffness critical structures, such as those found in space applications, the structural design and functionality may depend on several stiffness components. In this work we study the effect of transverse cracking on the effective Young's moduli, the effective Poisson ratios and the effective coefficient of thermal expansion for glass/epoxy and graphite/epoxy cross-ply laminates. In particular, included in the study are the effect of prescribed boundary conditions on the representative volume element used to describe the problem, the effect of variable crack spacing, and the interaction of transverse crack stress fields. The analysis is accomplished by the use of a model based on Reissner's variational principle that has been shown to accurately model stress fields and energy release rates in flat laminates. The present model predictions are compared to shear lag and finite element predictions from the literature and found to be in good agreement with published experimental data. A criterion to estima...
Multicast Algorithms for Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Networks

Multicast is a key technology that provides efficient data communication among a set of nodes for wireless multi-hop networks. In sensor networks and MANETs, multicast algorithms are designed to be energy efficient and to achieve optimal route discovery among mobile nodes, respectively. However, in wireless mesh networks, which are required to provide high quality service to end users as the "last-mile" of the Internet, throughput maximization conflicting with scarce bandwidth has the paramount priority. We propose a level channel assignment (LCA) algorithm and a multi-channel multicast (MCM) algorithm to optimize throughput for multi-channel and multi-interface mesh networks. The algorithms first build a multicast structure by minimizing the number of relay nodes and hop count distances between the source and destinations, and use dedicated channel assignment strategies to improve the network capacity by reducing interference. We also illustrate that the use of partially overlapping channels can further improve the throughput. Simulations show that our algorithms greatly outperform the single-channel multicast algorithm. We observe that MCM achieves better throughput and shorter delay while LCA can be realized in distributed manner.
Quantifying the cleanliness of glass capillaries

I used capillary rise methods to investigate the lumenal surface properties of quartz (fused silica, Amersil T-08), borosilicate (Corning 7800), and high-lead glass (Corning 0010) capillaries commonly used to make patch pipets. I calculated the capillary rise and contact angle for water and methanol from weight measurements. The capillary rise was compared with the theoretical maximum value calculated by assuming each fluid perfectly wetted the lumenal surface of the glass (i.e., zero contact angle, which reflects the absence of surface contamination). For borosilicate, high-lead, and quartz capillaries, the rise for water was substantially less than the theoretical maximum rise. Exposure of the borosilicate, lead, and quartz capillaries to several cleaning methods resulted in substantially better—but not perfect—agreement between the theoretical maximum rise and calculated capillary rise. By contrast, the capillary rise for methanol was almost identical in untreated and cleaned capillaries, but less than its theoretical maximum rise. The residual discrepancy between the observed and theoretical rise for water could not be improved on by trying a variety of cleaning procedures, but some cleaning methods were superior to others. The water solubility of the surface contaminants, deduced from the effectiveness of repeated rinsing, was different for each of the three types of capillaries examined: Corning 7800>quartz>Corning 0010. A surface film was also detected in quartz tubing with an internal filament. I conclude that these borosilicate, quartz, and high-lead glass capillaries have a film on the lumenal surface, which can be removed using appropriate cleaning methods. The surface contaminants may be unique to each type of capillary and may also be hydrophobic. Two simple methods are presented to quantitate the cleanliness of glass capillary tubing commonly used to make pipets for studies of biological membranes. It is not known if the surface film is of importance in electrophysiological studies of biological membranes.
Who Was Boas, Really? Confronting Anthropology's Past in Our Creation of its Future

: Shirley Fiske and Niel Tashima are contributing editors of “Anthropology Works,” the AAA Committee on Practicing, Applied and Public Interest Anthropology column in Anthropology News.
Learning synergy in a multilevel neuronal architecture.

Abstract An artificial worlds model of the brain has been developed that integrates memory, intraneuronal dynamics and multilevel evolutionary learning. The model includes two major subsystems. The first is a memory-manipulation scheme, called the reference neuron system, that serves to orchestrate a repertoire of neurons with different input-output capabilities. Signals impinging on these neurons are integrated by a cytoskeletal structure that is simulated as a cellular automaton. The second subsystem is an evolutionary learning scheme, called the selection circuits system, that serves to train the neurons in the repertoire by varying the cytoskeletal proteins that control signal flow or readouts. The integrated system comprises two layers of cytoskeletally controlled neurons and two layers of reference neurons. Evolution can occur at the level of readout enzymes in neurons, at the level of proteins that control the flow of signals in the cytoskeleton and at the level of reference neurons that orchestrate the repertoire. The integrated system controls the motion of a modeled organism that is embedded in an artificial environment consisting of barriers, food and a target. The organism effectively learns to use patterns of barriers in its local environment to find the target, using food as a reward. Experiments with the model show that the integrated system enjoys significant computational synergies that make it more powerful than the component systems standing alone, that interactions between different levels at which variation can occur exert significant control over the tempo of evolution, that the synergies between different components and levels becomes more important as the environment becomes more complex and that mutation strategies that significantly slow down the rate of learning significantly decrease the degrading effects of environmental noise on performance.
Differential effects of communication on operant behavior in children

Performance on a free-operant differentiation device which required subjects to press one of two panels for candy and money was used to study the effects of nonvisual communication and listening to a story in seven children (normal and exceptional) and one adult. Differential responding to the panel that produced reinforcement was acquired by all subjects in the first session. Communication by a relevant adult (mother) decreased reinforced and nonreinforced responding and increased talking. Listening to a story decreased both reinforced and nonreinforced responding but did not increase talking. Communication had no effect on any of the behaviors of an autistic child and increased the speech of a retarded child the least of the subjects who talked. The effect of crying in one child was also found to decrease responding.
Sensitivity of tropical Pacific convection to dry layers at mid- to upper levels: Simulation and parameterization tests

Abstract Numerical forecast experiments are carried out to investigate the implications of observed moisture variability in the tropical Pacific for deep convection. The study uses a series of quasi-cloud-resolving model forecasts with a triple-nested version of the Naval Research Laboratory's Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS). The forecasts are carried out for a dry tongue episode in the tropical western Pacific in November 1998. During a 24-h forecast, a number of convective cells develop in an area of deep convection near the edge of the simulated dry tongue in the COAMPS 3-km mesh inner grid, which is located in the southern portion of the domain of the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) field program. The forecast is repeated multiple times using a moisture profile from a TOGA COARE dry tongue episode to modify the lateral boundary conditions for the 3-km mesh grid over layers of varying depth and altitude. The entrai...
The time development of direct hemolytic plaques: Implications for the binding of IgM to cell surface haptens☆

Abstract We studied the time development of direct hemolytic plaques in thin layers containing either sheep red blood cells (SRBC) directly haptenated (DH) with trinitrophenyl, or SRBC indirectly haptenated (IH) with dinitrophenyl coupled to human serum albumin. The DH-SRBC tend to be sparsely haptenated while the IH-SRBC tend to have very high local hapten densities. We observed marked differences in the growth of plaques for the two differently haptenated SRBC. Plots of the plaque radius squared vs time show that the slope of those curves that developed in a lawn of DH-SRBC tended to be constant while the slope of those curves that developed in a lawn of IH-SRBC tended to decrease with time. These results are what is predicted from theory if: (1) IgM binds to DH-SRBC through attachments that rapidly dissociate, if (2) IgM binds to IH-SRBC through attachments that very slowly dissociate, and if (3) both types of bound IgM can fix and activate complement.
Combining time-series and econometric forecast of tourism activity

Abstract It has always been difficult to model the travel industry because tourism involves such a diverse set of activities. However, various regional decision makers have become increasingly interested in predicting the flows of visitors through their market. Accurate forecasts of the number of tourists' arrivals, their length of stay, and their expenditures improve planning and inventory control. Stochastic time-series models have compared favorably with econometric models at the aggregate level while some naive automatic forecasting tools have fared well in comparison when predicting industry-level behavior. Several approaches have been developed to improve forecast accuracy. This paper presents parsimonious methods of improving accuracy by combining various forecasting techniques. The Box-Jenkins stochastic time-series method is combined with a traditional econometric technique to forecast airline visitors to the State of Florida.
Crystal Structures of (Pyrene)10(I3-)4(I2)10 and [1,3,6,8-Tetrakis(methylthio)pyrene]3(I3-)3(I2)7: Structural Trends in Fused Aromatic Polyiodides

We report here the synthesis, crystal structures, and electronic band structures of (pyrene)10(I3-)4(I2)10, 1, and of [1,3,6,8-tetrakis(methylthio)pyrene]3(I3)3-(I2)7, 2. In both systems, the organ...
Cell biology: barbed ends rule.

To explore their surroundings, cells use probes of various shapes. Whether the probes are broad and flat, or long and thin, seems to be regulated by proteins at the growing ends of actin filaments.
Quantification for Peirce's preferred system of triadic logic

Without introducing quantifiers, minimal axiomatic systems have already been constructed for Peirce's triadic logics. The present paper constructs a dual pair of axiomatic systems which can be used to introduce quantifiers into Peirce's preferred system of triadic logic. It is assumed (on the basis of textual evidence) that Peirce would prefer a system which rejects the absurd but tolerates the absolutely undecidable. The systems which are introduced are shown to be absolutely consistent, deductively complete, and minimal. These dual axiomatic systems reveal an interesting elegance, independent of their historical motivation.
Distribution of lipoprotein triglyceride and lipoprotein cholesterol in an adult population by age, sex, and hormone use: The pacific northwest bell telephone company health survey☆

This report describes the distribution of lipoprotein triglyceride and lipoprotein cholesterol in employees of the Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone Company. Means, medians, and selected percentiles are presented for very low, low, and high density lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL, and HDL, respectively) in 606 randomly selected white subjects aged 20-59. Results are specific for age decade, sex, and female sex hormone usage. Women who use sex hormones have significantly higher concentrations of triglycerides in all of the fractions across all age decades from 20 to 59 than do women not taking hormones. The average VLDL, LDL, and HDL triglyceride levels in women taking hormones are 69, 25 and 18 mg/dl which are considerably higher than the corresponding averages of 44, 17 and 12 mg/dl noted in women not taking hormones. Men have the highest average VLDL triglyceride value (85 mg/dl) but their average triglyceride concentrations in the LDL and HDL fractions (18 and 12 mg/dl) approximate those of women not taking hormones. This study in a well-defined population provides references standards for lipoprotein triglyceride concentrations. These results can be used to evaluate the effect of sex hormone treatment on the lipoprotein triglyceride content in VLDL, LDL and HDL, and to assess triglyceride content as a potential risk factor in men and older women.
Pito Pérez: Mexican Middleman

This article situates the popular picaresque novel La vida inutil de Pito Perez (1938) in its context of literary and social history. As a comic text, the novel engages readers of all kinds in an attempt to foment change, despite the shortcomings of the protagonist and the revolution through which he lives. The work ensures the survival of the picaro in Mexico as a sardonic hero who, nonetheless, will not wholly abandon revolutionary ideals and, indeed, wishes to pass these on to the growing middle class that spawned both Pito Perez and his more fortunate author, J. Ruben Romero. Este articulo situa la conocida novela picaresca La vida inutil de Pito Perez (1938) en su contexto de historia literaria y social. Como texto comico, la novela atrae a toda clase de lectores en su intento de fomentar el cambio, a pesar de las fallas del protagonista y del contexto revolucionario en el que vive. La obra asegura la supervivencia del picaro mexicano como un heroe sarcastico que, no obstante, no abandonara los ideales revolucionarios y, de hecho, desea transmitirlos a la creciente clase media que dio luz a ambos Pito Perez y su autor mas afortunado, J. Ruben Romero.
The effects of target size and retinal location on a partial-report task of iconic memory

Observers are run on a partial-report task under three conditions of background luminance and with two target sizes. Small letters are presented in a small circular array, and large letters are presented in a large circular array. This manipulation is intended to keep letter legibility roughly equivalent as retinal eccentricity varies. At the photopic background level, there is no difference in the decay curves for the two target conditions; but at the mesopic and scotopic background levels, the large-size condition produces greater persistence. An explanation is offered in terms of differential contribution from the cone and rod systems.
The Akt-Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Pathway Regulates Transcription of Atrial Natriuretic Factor Induced by β-Adrenergic Receptor Stimulation in Cardiac Myocytes

We examined the mechanism of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) transcription by isoproterenol (ISO), an agonist for the β-adrenergic receptor (βAR), in cardiac myocytes. ISO only modestly activated members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. ISO-induced ANF transcription was not affected by inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases, whereas it was significantly inhibited by KN93, an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaM kinase II). Production of 3′-phosphorylated phosphatidylinositides (3 phosphoinositides) was also required for ISO-induced ANF transcription. ISO caused phosphorylation (Ser-473) and activation of Akt through CaM kinase II- and 3 phosphoinositides-dependent mechanisms. Constitutively active Akt increased myocyte surface area, total protein content, and ANF expression, whereas dominant negative Akt blocked ISO-stimulated ANF transcription. ISO caused Ser-9 phosphorylation and decreased activities of GSK3β. Overexpression of GSK3β inhibited ANF transcription, which was reversed by ISO. ISO failed to reverse the inhibitory effect of GSK3β(S9A), an Akt-insensitive mutant. Kinase-inactive GSK3β increased ANF transcription. Cyclosporin A partially inhibited ISO-stimulated ANF transcription, indicating that calcineurin only partially mediates ANF transcription. These results suggest that both CaM kinase II and 3 phosphoinositides mediate βAR-induced Akt activation and ANF transcription in cardiac myocytes. Furthermore, βAR-stimulated ANF transcription is predominantly mediated by activation of Akt and subsequent phosphorylation/inhibition of GSK3β.
"Pure" monocytic or histiomonocytic leukemia: a revised concept.

In a series of 130 cases of acute leukemia studied by cytochemical staining techniques, 10 cases cytochemically diagnosed as "pure" monocytic leukemia were seen. Cytochemical staining of bone marrow aspirates from these patients revealed all leukemic cells to be Sudan black negative. No positive reactions were observed for peroxidase or naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase. All cases demonstrated strong alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase positivity; and fluoride-inhibited naphthol AS-D acetate esterase positivity was observed in 8 of 9 cases tested. The P.A.S. reaction showed diffuse fine to coarse granules. Oil red O stain was positive in 8 of 9 cases, and the beta-glucuronidase activity was strong in 5 of 9 cases. Light microscopy revealed cells with monocytic or histiocytic morphology. Electron microscopic studies in 2 cases demonstrated features consistent with leukemic monocytic or histiocytic morphology; none was suggestive of granulocytic or lymphocytic leukemia. Five of 6 patients treated with drug regimens including prednisone and vincristine entered a complete remission; the other obtained a partial remission. Two patients achieved complete remission after treatment with Adriamycin, 1 following a relapse. Three patients who received cytosine arabinoside as their only therapy died soon after treatment was commenced. It is suggested that the cytochemical similarity but morphological differences in those patients may be objectively used to group them as cases of histiomonocytic leukemia.
Management Accounting for Advanced Technological Environments

Management accounting systems designed decades ago no longer provide timely, relevant information for companies in today9s highly competitive environment. New operational control and performance measurement systems are recognizing the importance of direct measurement of quality, manufacturing lead times, flexibility, and customer responsiveness, as well as more accurate measures of the actual costs of consumed resources. Activity-based cost systems can assign the costs of indirect and support resources to the specific products and activities that benefit from these resources. Both operational control and activity-based systems represent new opportunities for improved managerial information in complex, technologically advanced environments.
The Texaco racial discrimination case and shareholder wealth

We analyze the wealth ejfects of the Texaco racial discrimination lawsuit both on the shareholders of Texaco and its major U.S. competitors. Employing a comprehensive data set which included every case docket entry and every Wall Street Journal article on the case as an experimental stimulus, our findings suggest that the overall cost of the case to Texaco shareholders exceeded $500 million, that Texaco's tribulations had little, if any, impact on the share prices of its major competitors, and that Wall Street Journal coverage of the case was highly correlated with significant changes in Texaco stock prices. This last finding provides significant support for Hite 's suppostion that newspaper editors “key ” on ex post stock price changes in selecting the events to be covered in the next day's edition.
Assessment: an overview.

One of the few nice things about an invi tat ion to overview any f ie ld of human endeavor is the opportunity given the speaker to make an almost perfect id io t of himself. I could, at this point, i l lus t ra te in gross generalities the fine caliber of work at my inst i tut ion versus the suspect junk derived from the efforts of ubiquitous others; or go of f into a detailed description of my favorite research--using i t , of course, as an i l lus t ra t ion of experimental and u t i l i t a r i an br i l l iance; or I could review everybody else's work in the f ie ld , finding that i t lacks merit, and beg for funds to do the proper thing which would, in al l l ikelihood, be something that I think I know how to do. But, I w i l l do none of these. Rather, you wi l l be exposed to one man's opinion about what assessment is; what factors need to be considered in the synthesis of an assessment; what information may or may not be lurking in the l i terature and conversation. I w i l l f inish, in a grand f lurry, with some statements of the obvious: that health and environmental assessment has been and is with us; that i t has some potential for ev i l , but on balance, a greater potential for good to environmental scientists, the general public, and those who seek to develop and deploy old and new technologies. Let us begin with a very primitive example of assessment (Fig. l ) . Here we have Melvin the Magnificent, contemplating a dive off the lO0-meter board into a pink plastic sponge. From his perch high up in the Big Top, he can see: l ) the sponge (the median point) surrounded by a Circle of Uncertainty; 2) the Potential Risk (a colleague who fe l l into the Slough of Uncertainty); and 3) the Potential Benefit (the bucks that come to those who fa l l on the top of the median). All Melvin has to do is to determine uncertainty versus risk versus benefit and, i f the calculation proves favorable, jump; i f unfavorable, climb back on down the ladder. Very simple.
Effects of Relative Humidity and Nanoparticle Incorporation on Nanostructures of PS-b-PEO Diblock Copolymer

This paper is comprised of two major sections: (1) effects of relative humidity (RH) on nanostructures of polystyrene-block-poly (ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) diblock copolymer, and (2) the structures of PS-b-PEO after incorporation of nanoparticles. Thin films of PS-b-PEO were prepared by spin coating under different RHs. Effects of RH on the nanostructures of self-assembled PS-b-PEO were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The stability of the formed structures under different RHs at ambient temperature was studied in-situ by AFM with the aid of a small volume AFM environmental chamber. The results show that the orientation and the ordering of the copolymer nanostructures are very sensitive to the humidity of the environments during film formation. Well-defined cylindrical nanodomains oriented perpendicular to the surface are induced by the high humidity during spin coating. These perpendicular cylindrical structures are stable at different levels of RHs, except that at very high RH (90 %), the PEO domains are swollen to form mushroom-like structures. Upon drying, the original nanostructures of the copolymer re-form, indicating that these structural changes are reversible. Moreover, the AFM phase contrast between the cylindrical PEO domains and the PS matrix is significantly increased at the elevated RHs. To prepare inorganic-organic nanocomposites, the sol-gel precursor of titinia was introduced to the PS-b-PEO system. The overall morphological structure of the PS-b-PEO is altered after nanoparticle incorporation. The cylindrical nanodomains are still observed, but are not as well-defined as those in the pure PS-b-PEO system. For the materials and the conditions studied, the aggregation of the nanoparticles appears to interrupt the long-range ordering of the copolymer nanostructure.
Importance of antiresorptive therapies for patients with bone metastases from solid tumors.

Patients with bone metastases are at risk of skeletal-related events such as pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, the need for orthopedic surgery to bone, and palliative radiotherapy for severe bone pain. Antiresorptive therapies have demonstrated efficacy for reducing the risk of skeletal-related events and ameliorating bone pain. Despite the well documented clinical benefits of antiresorptive therapies, patient benefits can be limited or compromised by nonadherence with scheduled therapy. Potential reasons for poor compliance include lack of understanding of how antiresorptive therapies work, neglecting the importance of bone health in maintaining quality of life, and being unaware of the potentially debilitating effects of skeletal-related events caused by bone metastases. Indeed, patients may stop therapy after bone pain subsides or discontinue due to generally mild and usually manageable adverse events, leaving them at an increased risk of developing skeletal-related events. In addition, the cost of antiresorptive therapy can be a concern for many patients with cancer. Medical care for patients with cancer requires a coordinated effort between primary care physicians and oncologists. Patients’ medical care teams can be leveraged to help educate them about the importance of adherence to antiresorptive therapy when cancer has metastasized to bone. Because primary care physicians generally have more contact with their patients than oncologists, they are in a unique position to understand patient perceptions and habits that may lead to noncompliance and to help educate patients about the benefits and risks of various antiresorptive therapies in the advanced cancer setting. Therefore, primary care physicians need to be aware of various mechanistic and clinical considerations regarding antiresorptive treatment options.
k-Version of finite element method in 2D-polymer flows: Upper convected Maxwell model

In this paper, a new mathematical framework based on h, p, k and variational consistency (VC) of the integral forms is utilized to develop a finite element computational process for steady two dimensional polymer flows with upper convected Maxwell constitutive model (UCMM). Alternate forms of choices of dependent variables in the governing differential equations (GDEs) are considered and it is concluded that u, v, p, @t choice yielding strong form of the GDEs is meritorious. Since, the differential operators for all possible choices of dependent variables are non-linear, Galerkin method and Galerkin method with weak form are variationally inconsistent (VIC). The coefficient matrices in these processes are non-symmetric and hence may have partial or completely complex basis and the resulting computational processes may yield spurious solutions. Furthermore, since the VC of VIC integral forms cannot be restored through any mathematically justifiable means, the computational processes in these approaches may remain spurious. Least squares processes utilizing GDEs in u, v, p, @t or any other variables are always variationally consistent. The coefficient matrices are symmetric, positive definite and hence always have real basis and thus naturally yield computational processes that are free of spurious solutions. The theoretical solution of GDEs are generally of higher order global differentiability. Numerical simulations of such solutions in which higher order global differentiability characteristics of the theoretical solutions are preserved, undoubtedly require local approximations in scalar product spaces H^k^,^p(@W@?"x"y^e) containing higher order global differentiability local approximations. LSP with local approximation in H^k^,^p(@W@?"x"y^e) spaces provides an excellent mathematical and computational framework in which it is possible to incorporate desired characteristics of the theoretical solution in the computational process. Numerical studies are presented for fully developed flow between parallel plates and a lid driven square cavity. M1 fluid is used in all numerical studies. The range of applicability of UCMM or lack of it is examined for both model problems for increasing De. A regularization of the velocity of the lid at the corners where stationary wall meets the lid is presented and is shown to simulate the real physics when the local approximations are in higher order spaces and when h"d->0. For both model problems shear rate @c@?@? is examined in the flow domain to establish validity of the UCMM constitutive model.
Glycemic status and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor levels in relation to plasma leptin concentrations among normal weight and overweight US men.

Glycemic status and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor levels in relation to plasma leptin concentrations among normal weight and overweight US men
Phase plane analysis of the commensurable restricted three-body problem

All possible long period motions of the planar circular restricted three-body problem were studied by phase-plane analysis of the disturbing function when a commensurability relation exists. The short period argument was eliminated by an averaging process using an electronic computer. Initial conditions of periodic solutions are determined and the existence of asymmetric ones is proved for certain commensurabilities. The numerical computations performed cover the cases of large eccentricities and the curves of the mean value of the Hamiltonian were studied for the cases which correspond to collision periodic solutions.
The foliage leaf in microvascular surgery

A lacerated fresh leaf is introduced as a model for developing and refining microvascular skills. Being friable, this plant tissue exaggerates damage due to technical errors, therefore improving a trainee's skills.
On characterizing non-locality and anisotropy for the magnetorotational instability

The extent to which angular momentum transport in accretion discs is primarily local or nonlocal and what determines this is an important avenue of study for understanding accretion engines. Taking a step along this path, we analyse simulations of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) by calculating energy and stress power spectra in stratified isothermal shearing box simulations in several new ways. We divide our boxes in two regions, disc and corona wherethediscistheMRIunstableregionandcoronaisthemagneticallydominatedregion.We calculate the fractional power in different quantities, including magnetic energy and Maxwell stresses and find that they are dominated by contributions from the lowest wave numbers. This is even more dramatic for the corona than the disc, suggesting that transport in the corona regionisdominatedbylargerstructuresthanthedisc.Bycalculatingaveragedpowerspectrain one direction of k space at a time, we also show that the MRI turbulence is strongly anisotropic on large scales when analysed by this method, but isotropic on small scales. Although the shearing box itself is meant to represent a local section of an accretion disc, the fact that the stress and energy are dominated by the largest scales highlights that the locality is not captured within the box. This helps to quantify the intuitive importance of global simulations for addressing the question of locality of transport, for which similar analyses can be performed.