cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Waking the colored plasma

Abstract We calculate the wake induced in a hot, dense QCD medium by a fast parton in the framework of linear response theory. We discuss two different scenarios: a weakly coupled quark–gluon plasma (pQGP) described by hard-thermal loop (HTL) perturbation theory and a strongly coupled QGP (sQGP), which had the properties of a quantum liquid.
Using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) as small antennas

We describe the design, fabrication and characterization of simple micromechanical structures that are capable of sensing static electric time varying electromagnetic fields. Time varying electric field sensing is usually achieved using an electromagnetic antenna and a receiver. However, these antenna-based approaches do not exhibit high sensitivity over a broad frequency (or wavelength) range. An important aspect of the present work is that, in contrast to traditional antennas, the dimensions of these micromechanical oscillators can be much smaller than the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. We characterized the fabricated micromechanical oscillators by measuring their responses to time varying electric and electromagnetic fields.
Relationship between Instructional Context and Views of Nature of Science

The study investigated the relationship between instructional context (integrated and non‐integrated) that explicitly teaches about nature of science (NOS) and students’ view of NOS across different disciplines. Participants were three teachers and their students, which comprised six classes of 89 ninth‐graders and 40 10th/11th‐graders. Each teacher taught two intact sections of the same grade level within a specific science discipline. The treatment for all groups involved teaching a 5–6 week unit that included the science content and NOS. The two intact groups learned about same content; the only difference was the context of NOS instruction (integrated or non‐integrated). An open‐ended questionnaire, followed by interviews, was used to assess change in participants’ views. Results showed improvement in students’ NOS views regardless of whether NOS instruction was embedded within the content. Therefore, it was not possible to make claims about whether one instructional context is more effective than ano...
The constraints of the group of an integral monoid

Abstract A Z-module (group) of integral vectors can be “constrained” by subspace and integrality constraints. We show how to extract these constraints from the Chvatal constraints of an integral monoid.
An EU Homeland Security?1 Sovereignty vs. Supranational Order

Abstract Since the 1992 Maastricht Treaty, and particularly since 9/11, the current path of European integration may mean the difference between a strong and secure Europe and the disintegration of a grand, idealistic experiment. This is especially true in light of a growing transatlantic divide, and the need for new security policies to combat terrorism. As Europe grapples with this security issue, will strongly held beliefs about sovereignty cede ground to an untested supranational order? This article provides evidence that this process is already occurring, in large part because of the influential role of transnational experts in security technology. In the context of Europe, the possibility of a kind of EU Homeland Security is at the core of its future security role in the world.
The viscosity-capillarity criterion for shocks and phase transitions

This paper considers admissibility criteria for non-linear conservation laws based on (i) viscosity and (ii) capillarity and viscosity. It is shown by means of specific examples that while (ii) yields results consistent with experiment for materials exhibiting phase transitions,e.g. a van der Waals fluid, (i) does not.
Dimerization of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid in non-polar solvents

Abstract Infrared speotroscopy has been used to determine the equilibrium constants at 25, 35 and 45° for hydrogen bond formation in dilute solutions of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid in cylco hexane, carbon tetrachloride, and benzene. At all concentrations studied, the primary process is self association to form cyclic dimers. Enthalpies and entropies of dimerization vary with the solvent in the order: benzene cyclo hexane; a similar solvent dependence is observed for equilibrium constants. The solvent dependence is a measure of the interaction or solvation of the monomeric form of the acid.
Assessing Psychological Health and Empowerment in Women: The Personal Progress Scale Revised

Empowerment is a primary outcome of many health interventions with women. Typical outcome measures, however, focus exclusively on specific symptoms, neglecting the clinically important attitudes and behaviors associated with increased empowerment and well-being. Empowerment is conceptualized as enabling women to access skills and resources to cope more effectively with current as well as future stress and trauma. This study investigated a new measure of personal empowerment in women, the Personal Progress Scale-Revised (PPS-R). Results suggest that the PPS-R is a promising measure of empowerment in women, demonstrating excellent reliability and validity in diverse sample of women. Additionally, the PPS-R demonstrated preliminary utility with a subgroup of abused women, a vulnerable group of women for whom empowerment is a variable of high importance.
Switching regression models and fuzzy clustering

A family of objective functions called fuzzy c-regression models, which can be used too fit switching regression models to certain types of mixed data, is presented. Minimization of particular objective functions in the family yields simultaneous estimates for the parameters of c regression models, together with a fuzzy c-partitioning of the data. A general optimization approach for the family of objective functions is given and corresponding theoretical convergence results are discussed. The approach is illustrated by two numerical examples that show how it can be used to fit mixed data to coupled linear and nonlinear models. >
“He Said, She Said” The Defense Attack of Credibility in Domestic Violence Felony Trials

Little empirical research has been done on the trial process in domestic violence-related cases. This study represents the first in-depth analysis of this trial process, focusing specifically on the defense themes and strategies used in domestic violence felong trials to challenge the credibility of the prosecution's case. Many of the strategies used by the defense manipulate common myths and misperceptions about the dynamics of domestic abuse. Implications for juror decision making and the use of expert witnesses in these trials are discussed. These defense tactics may also serve as a secondary victimization of abused women.
Trends of Non-Accidental, Cardiovascular, Stroke and Lung Cancer Mortality in Arkansas Are Associated with Ambient PM2.5 Reductions

The cardiovascular and stroke mortality rates in Arkansas are among the highest in the USA. The annual trends of stroke and cardiovascular mortality are barely correlated to smoking cessation; while the prevalence of risk factors such as obesity; cholesterol and hypertension increased over the 1979–2007 period. The study determined the effect of chronic exposure to PM2.5 on non-accidental; cardiovascular; stroke and lung cancer mortality in Arkansas over the 2000–2010 period using the World Health Organization’s log-linear health impact model. County chronic exposures to PM2.5 were computed by averaging spatially-resolved gridded concentrations using PM2.5 observations. A spatial uniformity was observed for PM2.5 mass levels indicating that chronic exposures were comparable throughout the state. The reduction of PM2.5 mass levels by 3.0 μg/m3 between 2000 and 2010 explained a significant fraction of the declining mortality. The effect was more pronounced in southern and eastern rural Arkansas as compared to the rest of the state. This study provides evidence that the implementation of air pollution regulations has measurable effects on mortality even in regions with high prevalence of major risk factors such as obesity and smoking. These outcomes are noteworthy as efforts to modify the major risk factors require longer realization times.
Of Sins and Virtues: Memory and Collective Identity

Human memory seems ill equipped to handle the multitude of demands placed on it. Schacter (1999) has treated the widely recognized weaknesses of memory as sins, raising an ideal of a “perfect memory.” For him, memory sins against people, and we assume that he would opine that people must simply learn to live with its corruption. They must accept that their memories are transient and perhaps undesirably persistent, and they must realize that memory is vulnerable to absent-mindedness, biases, source-monitoring errors, and the implantation of misinformation. These weaknesses are not what people might want out of their memory, but they are what evolution has provided. In this volume on autobiographical memory, one might follow Schacter’s lead and ask what the cost of these faulty memories is for identity formation. As Christopher Nolan’s film Memento dramatically illustrates, the cost is no doubt severe. The central character in Memento , Leonard Shelby, struggles with a profound amnesia. This memory failure creates a tentative hold on the past that, as the movie progresses, leads to a slow disintegration of Lenny’s identity. As his nemesis Teddy says: “You don’t . . . know who you are, Lenny.” And indeed, the audience watches as Lenny slips in and out of a slowly emerging realization that he might be a murderer. Although Memento captures the relation between autobiographical memory and identity in extremis , it underscores how the fallibility of memories might make the hold people have on their identity ever so tentative. From this perspective, the flaws of memory might be viewed as cardinal sins.
Gulf Stream anomaly seen by defense radar

In an October 11 Eos article, Schubert [1994] used satellite infrared images of sea surface temperature to show an unusual interaction between cold-core rings and the Gulf Stream between March 8 and May 14. Warm Gulf Stream water pulled out by a ring was shown being transported into the Sargasso Sea instead of circulating in the ring as usually happens in such cases. A cold-core ring forms when a Gulf Stream meander bulges southeastward into a loop, then pinches off, enclosing colder shelf water inside. Coldcore rings can last for months. They usually drift toward the southwest until they are reabsorbed into the stream.
The Ventral Photoreceptor Cells of Limulus : I. The microanatomy

The ventral photoreceptor cells of Limulus polyphemus resemble the retinular cells of the lateral eyes both in electrical behavior and in morphology. Because of the great size of the ventral photoreceptor cells they are easy to impale with glass capillary micropipettes. Their location along the length of the ventral eye nerve makes them easy to dissect out and fix for electron microscopy. Each cell has a large, ellipsoidal soma that tapers into an axon whose length depends upon the distance of the cell from the brain. The cell body contains a rich variety of cytoplasmic organelles with an especially abundant endoplasmic reticulum. The most prominent structural feature is the microvillous rhabdomere, a highly modified infolding of the plasmalemma. The microvilli are tightly packed together within the rhabdomere, and quintuple-layered junctions are encountered wherever microvillar membranes touch each other. Glial cells cover the surface of the photoreceptor cell and send long, sheet-like projections of their cytoplasm into the cell body of the photoreceptor cell. Some of these projections penetrate the rhabdomere deep within the cell and form quintuple-layered junctions with the microvilli. Junctions between glial cells and the photoreceptor cell and between adjacent glial cells are rarely encountered elsewhere, indicating that there is an open pathway between the intermicrovillous space and the extracellular medium. The axon has a normal morphology but it is electrically inexcitable.
A Method for Determining Stokes Flow Around Particles Near a Wall or in a Thin Film Bounded by a Wall and a Gas-Liquid Interface

A method for determining Stokes flow around particles near a wall or in a thin film bounded by a wall on one side and a nondeformable gas-liquid interface on the other side is developed. The no-slip boundary conditions at the wall are satisfied by constructing an image system based on Lamb’s multipoles. Earlier results for the image systems for the flow due to a point force or a force dipole are extended to image systems for force or source multipoles of arbitrary orders. For the case of a film, the image system consists of an infinite series of multipoles on both sides of the film. Accurate evaluation of the flow due to these images is discussed, including the use of Shanks transforms. The method is applied to several problems including chains of particles, radially expanding particles, drops, and porous particles.
Laboratory development for a manufacturing oriented interdisciplinary baccalaureate degree program in electromechanical engineering technology (BSEMET): a case study

The objective of this paper is to describe the development of laboratories for a new manufacturing oriented interdisciplinary baccalaureate degree program in electromechanical engineering technology (BSEMET) implemented at Penn State Altoona in Fall 1995. The BSEMET program has developed out of a growing demand from small to medium sized U.S. manufacturing organizations for technical workforce with a wide range of skills for solving problems simultaneously involving technologies related to manufacturing, data communications, instrumentation, and computer technologies used in today's industrial settings. New innovative laboratories have been developed to support the courses to be taught in the manufacturing oriented interdisciplinary BSEMET curriculum. This paper begins with a description of the background of newly developed BSEMET curriculum. The goals and objectives of this program are listed. Next there is a description of the objectives, organization, and equipment used in the new laboratories developed in support of the courses taught in the above mentioned interdisciplinary program.
A Direct Path to Action Initiation

In this issue of Neuron, Sippy et al. (2015) provide the clearest evidence to date that information is differentially encoded in the direct and indirect pathways of the striatum. The results support the classical notion that the direct pathway plays a critical role in initiating actions.
A scheduling algorithm for parallelizable dependent tasks

Scheduling a collection of tasks on a multiprocessor consisting of p processors, that minimizes the maximum completion time has attracted a lot of attention in the literature. The paper introduces a new problem of scheduling a task graph on a multiprocessor, called the parallelizable dependent task scheduling problem. Associated with each task is the time it takes to run on a uniprocessor, and the speedup that can be obtained by running it on i processors, 1 >
A new resonant gate driver for switching loss reduction of high side switch in buck converter

In this paper, a new resonant gate driver circuits is proposed to reduce the switching loss of high side switch in buck converter. Hard switching causes major parts of the power loss in high side switch and limits high switching frequency application of DC-DC converter. The proposed resonant gate driver behaves more like the ideal current source driver which can fast turn-on/turn-off power switch to reduce switching loss. In addition, with proposed resonant gate driver, impact of parasitic gate resistance on switching speed of power switch can be greatly reduced. Test results show that, for buck converter with 12V input voltage, 1.3V output voltage, 10A load current and 5.5Ω gate resistance, comparing to conventional driver, with the proposed resonant gate driver for high side switch, total efficiency of buck converter can be improved by more than 3.5%.
SIMULATION OF GEOTECHNICAL SITE INVESTIGATION IN A TEACHING ENVIRONMENT

Site investigation is used to determine soil types and engineering properties at a site of interest through in situ and laboratory tests. Due to limitations in the opportunities for site visits, safety issues, and time constraints, most introductory geotechnical courses focus on describing the characteristics of individual in situ and laboratory tests. Students usually do not have the opportunity to plan and perform a comprehensive site investigation program, and they are often given existing soil borings and data for use in subsequent design exercises. To overcome these limitations, we are developing a geotechnical site investigation simulation program that includes a variety of in situ and laboratory tests to allow students to conduct their own site investigations. Spatial variability in soil properties is modeled via correlated random fields and Kriging to yield realistic geotechnical data. Via the simulation, students are able to obtain experience and judgment in an essential component of geotechnical engineering practice.
Cumulative trauma disorders as a result of poor ergonomic workstation design: a case history of VDT operators

The authors consider the case of 22 VDT (video display terminal) operators who claimed disability after developing job-related cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs) caused, in part, by the use of equipment lacking proper ergonomic design features. The keyboards used and the equipment layout in the workstations were such that they were likely to induce undue stress to the upper extremities and unnecessary motions to the operators. It is concluded from this study that, in the absence of any other known contributing factors, the repetitive nature of the job of these operators, coupled with the poor ergonomic design of the consoles, was the primary cause of the various CTDs observed in the population studied. The authors present recommendations for designers, employers, and users of VDT workstations for minimizing the risk of CTD in the workplace. >
In vitro bioactivation of N-hydroxy-2-amino-α-carboline

2-Amino-alpha-carboline (A alpha C) is a mutagenic and carcinogenic heterocyclic amine present in foods cooked at high temperature and in cigarette smoke. The mutagenic activity of A alpha C is dependent upon metabolic activation to N-hydroxy-A alpha C (N-OH-A alpha C); however, the metabolism of N-OH-A alpha C has not been studied. We have synthesized 2-nitro-alpha-carboline and N-OH-A alpha C and have examined in vitro bioactivation of N-OH-A alpha C by human and rodent liver cytosolic sulfotransferase(s) and acetyltransferase(s) and by recombinant human N-acetyltransferases, NAT1 and NAT2. The sulfotransferase-dependent bioactivation of N-OH-A alpha C by human liver cytosol exhibited large inter-individual variation (0.5-75, n = 14) and was significantly higher than bioactivation of N-hydroxy-2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (N-OH-PhIP). Correlation and inhibition studies suggested that the isoform of sulfotransferase primarily responsible for bioactivation of N-OH-A alpha C in human liver cytosol is SULT1A1. O-Acetyltransferase-dependent bioactivation of N-OH-A alpha C by human liver cytosol also exhibited large inter-individual variation (16-192, n = 18). In contrast to other N-hydroxy heterocyclic amines, which are primarily substrates only for NAT2, both NAT1 and NAT2 catalyzed bioactivation of N-OH-A alpha C. The rate of bioactivation of N-OH-A alpha C by both NAT1 and NAT2 was significantly higher than that for N-OH-PhIP. In rat and mouse liver cytosols, the level of sulfotransferase-dependent bioactivation of N-OH-A alpha C was similar to the level in the high sulfotransferase activity human liver cytosol. The level of O-acetyltransferase-dependent bioactivation of N-OH-A alpha C in rat liver cytosol was also comparable with that in the high acetyltransferase activity human liver cytosol. However, the level of O-acetyltransferase-dependent bioactivation of N-OH-A alpha C in mouse liver cytosol was comparable with that in the low acetyltransferase activity human liver cytosol. In contrast to N-OH-PhIP, bioactivation of N-OH-A alpha C was not inhibited by glutathione S-transferase activity; however, DNA binding of N-acetoxy-A alpha C was inhibited 20% in the presence of GSH. These results suggest that bioactivation of N-OH-A alpha C may be a significant source of DNA damage in human tissues after dietary exposure to AalphaC and that the relative contribution of each pathway to bioactivation or detoxification of N-OH-A alpha C differs significantly from other N-hydroxy heterocyclic or aromatic amines.
A sharp interface method for incompressible two-phase flows

We present a sharp interface method for computing incompressible immiscible two-phase flows. It couples the level-set and volume-of-fluid techniques and retains their advantages while overcoming their weaknesses. It is stable and robust even for large density and viscosity ratios on the order of 1000 to 1. The numerical method is an extension of the second-order method presented by Sussman [M. Sussman, A second order coupled levelset and volume of fluid method for computing growth and collapse of vapor bubbles, Journal of Computational Physics 187 (2003) 110-136] in which the previous method treated the gas pressure as spatially constant and the present method treats the gas as a second incompressible fluid. The new method yields solutions in the zero gas density limit which are comparable in accuracy to the method in which the gas pressure was treated as spatially constant. This improvement in accuracy allows one to compute accurate solutions on relatively coarse grids, thereby providing a speed-up over continuum or ''ghost-fluid'' methods.
A comparison of fatigue scales in postpoliomyelitis syndrome.

Abstract Vasconcelos Jr OM, Prokhorenko OA, Kelley KF, Vo AH, Olsen CH, Dalakas MC, Halstead LS, Jabbari B, Campbell WW. A comparison of fatigue scales in postpoliomyelitis syndrome. Objective To examine the applicability and validity of traditional fatigue questionnaires in postpoliomyelitis syndrome (PPS) patients with disabling fatigue. Design Cross-sectional study. PPS and disabling fatigue were ascertained according to published criteria. Descriptiveness was determined using the McNemar test, and interscale z -score agreement was estimated with Pearson's coefficients. Setting PPS clinic. Participants Fifty-six survivors of poliomyelitis: 39 met criteria for PPS, 25 of whom met criteria for disabling fatigue. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), visual analog scale (VAS) for fatigue, and Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS). Results Twenty-four patients scored 50% or higher on the scale range for FSS, compared with 19 patients for VAS for fatigue ( P =.042), and 7 patients for FIS ( P r =.45, P =.02), but low between FSS and FIS ( r =.29, P =.15), and FIS and VAS for fatigue ( r =.20, P =.33). Two sample t tests showed significant differences between those with disabling fatigue and those without, based on FSS scores ( t =3.8, P Conclusions FSS was the most descriptive of the instruments tested. Scores generated by the scales were not interchangeable. Of the 3 scales, FFS seemed to be the most informative for the clinical assessment of fatigue in patients with PPS.
Analysis of Demand for Intelligent Automation in Taiwan’s Notebook PC Assembly Industry

Assembly manufacturers of 3C (computers, communications and consumer electronics) products in Taiwan play a crucial role in the global market. Most of these manufacturer’s plants, however, are located in China, where quality issues tend to be a problem. This study explores the notebook PC assembly industry, which is characterized by higher output values, growth rates and market share in the 3C assembly sector. The study aims to assess the potential demand for intelligent automation. Investments in intelligent automation must be based on potential input-output benefits, thus manufacturers can only create potential benefits through selecting key processes which are characterized by relatively high standardization and high quality thresholds.
Sensitivity of Single-Column Model Solutions to Convective Parameterizations and Initial Conditions

Abstract Two sets of single-column model (SCM) simulations are performed to determine whether the SCM solutions are more sensitive to model parameterization schemes than to initial perturbations in temperature and moisture profiles. The first set of simulations (S3) used the Zhang and McFarlane scheme for the deep convection and the Hack scheme for the shallow convection, while the second set (S2) used the Hack scheme for all types of convection. The same random perturbation used by Hack and Pedretti is applied in S2 and S3. The observed total (horizontal and vertical) advections of temperature and moisture during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment are used to force all simulations. A major difference in temperature and moisture biases occurs between the ensemble means of the two sets of simulations, and is much larger than the standard deviation of each set. Differences are also evident in cloud and radiative properties. This demonstrates that SCM solutions ...
Protein kinase inhibitors reduce SR Ca transport in permeabilized cardiac myocytes.

Phosphorylation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) protein phospholamban by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and Ca-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (Ca...
Neural responses to overlapping FM sounds in the inferior colliculus of echolocating bats.

The big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, navigates and hunts prey with echolocation, a modality that uses the temporal and spectral differences between vocalizations and echoes from objects to build sp...
A Discourse System for Negotiation

The concern for discovering whether equal treatment exists in sentencing decisions is only one aspect of a general preoccupation among social scientists with the issue of justice. For those who study plea bargaining, this preoccupation is expressed in two major and implicitly connected questions about the process. First, to what extent are nontrial means of case disposition fair and accurate in terms of separating the guilty and the innocent (e.g., see Newman, 1966: 4)? Second, in view of the fact that trials offer formal safeguards for ensuring fair and accurate decisions, why is plea bargaining so prevalent? That is, what accounts for the high proportion of guilty pleas?
Vascular diseases await translation of blood vessels engineered from stem cells

The discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) might pave the way toward a long-sought solution for obtaining sufficient numbers of autologous cells for tissue engineering. Several methods exist for generating endothelial cells or perivascular cells from hiPSCs in vitro for use in the building of vascular tissue. We discuss current developments in the generation of vascular progenitor cells from hiPSCs and the assessment of their functional capacity in vivo, opportunities and challenges for the clinical translation of engineered vascular tissue, and modeling of vascular diseases using hiPSC-derived vascular progenitor cells.
Providing Effective Reproductive Health Care and Prescribing Contraceptives for Adolescents

1. Catherine Stevens-Simon, MD* 1. 2. *Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, CO. 1. The pregnancy rate among sexually experienced teenagers in the United States has declined since the 1980s, but the overall pregnancy rate has risen precipitously. 2. The accelerated rate of pubertal development makes it imperative for all pediatric clinicians to be familiar with problems created by unprotected sexual activity, to be able to develop the differential diagnosis in sexually active teenagers who are not using contraception, and to be knowledgeable about the efficacy of various contraceptive agents for preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. 3. The differential diagnosis of sexually active teenagers who are not using contraception requires a thorough understanding of the developmental, physiologic, psychological, economic, social, and cultural factors that threaten consistent contraceptive use at this age. 4. The efficacy of contraceptive counseling may be improved by addressing factors and events in young people’s lives that could undermine their motivation to use contraceptives rather than stressing side effects of specific contraceptives. 5. Providing teenagers with information about contraceptives does not detract from the abstinence message of delaying the initiation of sexual intercourse. 6. The episodic nature of teenagers’ sexual relationships makes it difficult to maintain the high level of vigilance required to use oral and injectable contraceptives consistently and effectively; continuation rates for injectable medroxyprogesterone are no better than for oral contraceptives and significantly poorer than those for levonorgestrel implants. With its traditional emphasis on prevention, pediatrics affords a unique opportunity to promote safe sexual practices. To help pediatric clinicians who have varying levels of training in reproductive medicine, this article defines and reviews the epidemiology of the problems created by unprotected adolescent sexual activity, explores a variety of possible roles for practitioners who wish to prevent these morbidities by becoming involved in their patients’ reproductive care, and discusses the risks and benefits of various contraceptives and factors to be considered in helping teenagers …
Angle-of-arrival based beamforming for FDD massive MIMO

A key challenge in FDD massive MIMO is the large overhead in CSI acquisition for closed-loop MIMO transmission. In this paper, we propose two novel types of angle-of-arrival (AoA) based beamforming schemes that harness the reciprocity of dominant AoA. Both schemes require CSI acquisition overhead that only scales with the number of served mobiles, not the number of base-station antennas. We analyze the performance of the proposed schemes both analytically and numerically. We show that both our proposed schemes lead to sum throughput that scales with the number of base-station antennas, and hybrid beamforming performs close to ideal zero-forcing beamforming.
Getting to Inclusion: People With Developmental Disabilities and the Americans With Disabilities Act Participatory Action Research Consortium

Abstract Despite the major advances achieved following the passage of the Americans With Disabilities Act, people with disabilities face persistent inequality and disparities in community living, community participation, and work and economic participation. Work in other areas is advancing frameworks that emphasize environmental determinants of key outcomes and using geographic information and data visualization to induce change. The Americans With Disabilities Act Participatory Action Research Consortium draws from these approaches to study trends in community living, community participation, and work and economic participation using participatory action research, and to help ADA centers and community stakeholders target disparities and increase full participation of people with disabilities, including those with developmental disabilities, in their communities.
Psychometric Properties of the Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale

The Santa Clara Brief Compassion Scale (SCBCS) is a five-item scale intended to operationalize and measure compassion. Santa Clara University has been administering the SCBCS, along with other demographic questions, to all new entering as well as exiting graduating students for the past decade. Previous research has utilized compassion scores and demographic data collected from these surveys in both between and within-subject designs to examine compassion among these undergraduate students. The purpose of the current study was to examine the reliability and validity of the SCBCS through various psychometric tests utilizing 6,763 responses that have been collected in recent years. Internal reliability, split-half reliability, and test/re-test reliability findings suggest that the SCBCS is a reliable scale. Tests for convergent and divergent validity, as well as a factor analysis, propose that the scale is valid and is appropriate for its intended use of measuring self-reported compassion.
Nursing coordination at valve re-replacements

In this paper, the author reports the cooperative experience in 30 valve re-replacements. It is emphasized that before operation the preparation for operation includs special equipment, first aid medication and instruments. During operation the most important is nurse's cooperation including knowing well operation procedures and use of those special instruments, monitoring ECG and blood pressure. Good preparation is the guarantee of the effective surgical treatment.
Gene therapy for plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Gene therapy is defined broadly as the transfer of DNA into somatic cells for therapeutic purposes. This technology will have an immense effect on plastic and reconstructive surgery in terms of wound healing, nerve repair, and vessel thrombosis. This review focuses on the factors and mechanisms involved in these processes and on the potential of using gene therapy in these areas for future applications in plastic surgery.
Endoscopic Management of Bleeding

Though gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage is common, it can be a life-threatening condition. There are numerous etiologies for GI bleeding, and these are often grouped according to location in the GI tract. With the increasing use of endoscopy for diagnosis of GI bleeding, the development of endoscopic hemostatic techniques has followed. Injection therapy, electrocautery, and hemostatic clips were some of the early hemostatic modalities available for use. Today, the number of available endoscopic hemostatic devices has grown to include band ligation, sclerotherapy, over-the-scope clips, and full thickness suturing techniques. This chapter examines the etiologies of upper, lower, and obscure GI bleeding, and presents techniques to manage GI hemorrhage through the endoscope.
Locational Determinants for Wood Pellet Plants: A Review and Case Study of North and South America

The European Union’s Renewable Energy Directive has led many electricity producers in Europe to use wood pellets in place of fossil fuels. North America has become one of the primary suppliers of wood pellets to Europe. This paper critically examines literature, economic models and data, as well as the supply chain and country risk factors, related to wood pellet production to anticipate where North and South American pellet mills should be built to meet Europe’s demand. Canada, the United States, and Brazil maintain the largest natural forest area, planted forest area, and industrial roundwood production; however, South American countries achieve faster plantation growth rates. The World Bank’s Logistic Procurement Index and IHS's Country Risk Index were used to score and rank countries’ investment climates, based on their supply chain and risk factors. In this regard, the United States, Canada, and Chile performed best, in contrast to Venezuela, Bolivia, and Ecuador. When considering both wood supply and investment climates, the United States, Canada, and Chile were the most attractive countries to build a pellet mill, while countries, such as Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, and Peru present significant trade-offs between having significant wood resources and riskier investment climates.
Peripheral Neuropathy and Hereditary Tyrosinemia

Neurologic crises in 48 children with tyrosinemia identified on neonatal screening since 1970 are described from the Departments of Genetics, Hopital Sainte Justine, Hopital de Chicoutimi; and Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada.
12 Early Abuse and Neglect as Risk Factors for the Development of Criminal and Antisocial Behavior

This chapter reviews current knowledge regarding how early abuse and neglect are linked to the development of criminal and antisocial behavior (CAB) in adolescence and adulthood. After defining the terms involved, this review describes some of the major theoretical formulations that attempt to explain the ways in which childhood abuse might influence CAB and then goes on to review the available research, with a focus on longitudinal studies and those that examine outcomes related to involvement in the juvenile or adult criminal justice systems. In addition to reviewing gender and developmental differences, the chapter also discusses theories and research that attempt to uncover the mechanisms accounting for how early abuse contributes to CAB, including biological processes and posttraumatic stress.
Socrates in the Agora

We began with the central question of the Socratic problem, Who was Socrates? and have now examined the most influential solutions that have so far been proffered. Vlastos’s doctrinal claim—that Plato puts into the mouth of Socrates only what he, Plato, at the moment of writing sincerely believes—is a trap that causes a cascade of internal inconsistencies in the corpus that Vlastos’s solution cannot tolerate, even if `irony’ is invoked to plug the leaks. Stylometry, as we saw, offers no succor. Thesleff’s Socrates, built up carefully from the historical and biographical tradition, but without much regard for philosophy, is incidental to his Plato; Thesleff makes no claim, in fact, that he solves the Socratic problem at all. Havelock’s solution, pinned as it is to speculations about the cognitive implications of literacy, saddles Plato with a driving obsession to defeat the oral tradition, but Havelock’s solution conflicts with the dialogues as much as with the historical and anthropological record. His solution requires an unacceptably high tolerance for aberrations, especially outside the Republic. So we must ask now again at this new juncture, Who was Socrates?
Reexamining Turnarounds: Materiality and Cultural Values Amidst Organizational Transformation

Much has been written within organizational scholarship on the topic of turnarounds, or cultural change, and how leaders navigate the uncertainty and resulting conflict that change efforts bring. H...
The Impossibility of Muslim Citizenship

ABSTRACTIn this article I ask a seemingly simple question—How can a Muslim be a liberal citizen? In order to explore this question I define who and what was indexed by the term “Muslim” at various points in United States history. I argue that the figure of the Muslim has existed as an existential other upon which otherness, violence, and suspicion was written. I ask how the historic construction of Muslim identities fuels contemporary surveillance programs predicated on an intrinsic fear of Muslim bodies. Drawing upon a decade of ethnographic research with Muslim communities across the United States, I examine Countering Violent Extremism programs. I argue that such policing function re-inscribe and normalize White supremacy and Muslim suspicion of, and within, Muslim communities. Finally, I examine the question of citizenship in neoliberal times and ask how we might understand citizenship rights, particularly for Muslim communities, in the contemporary United States.
Simultaneous Enhancement of Photoluminescence, MRI Relaxivity, and CT Contrast by Tuning the Interfacial Layer of Lanthanide Heteroepitaxial Nanoparticles.

Nanoparticle (NP) based exogenous contrast agents assist biomedical imaging by enhancing the target visibility against the background. However, it is challenging to design a single type of contrast agents that are simultaneously suitable for various imaging modalities. The simple integration of different components into a single NP contrast agent does not guarantee the optimized properties of each individual components. Herein, we describe lanthanide-based core–shell–shell (CSS) NPs as triple-modal contrast agents that have concurrently enhanced performance compared to their individual components in photoluminescence (PL) imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT). The key to simultaneous enhancement of PL intensity, MRI r1 relaxivity, and X-ray attenuation capability in CT is tuning the interfacial layer in the CSS NP architecture. By increasing the thickness of the interfacial layer, we show that (i) PL intensity is enhanced from completely quenched/dark state to brightly em...
Addendum to "arguments concerning an SU(3)-scalar term in the electromagnetic current operator and the value for ()"

The SU(3)-scalar term in the electromagnetic current is used to predict the value of $\ensuremath{\Gamma}({K}^{*+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}\ensuremath{\gamma})$ from the new value of $\ensuremath{\Gamma}(\ensuremath{\rho}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\gamma})$.
Boyer in the Middle: Second Generation Challenges to Emerging Scholarship

This article reports on an examination of the distinctive second-generation challenges and opportunities faced by an early institutional adopter of the Boyer model of scholarship. Following the first cohort of faculty to be reviewed for tenure and promotion based on these criteria, we report the results of a survey designed to determine the perceptions of faculty and administrators of the degree to which emerging forms of scholarship had been integrated into the university culture including factors such as institutional identity, support structures, and faculty participation. This case study sheds light on the process of adaptation at this single institution and provides glimpses of how cultural change might occur across higher education.
Prefrontal Cortical Dopamine Transmission: Ultrastructural Studies and Their Functional Implications

Abstract The prefrontal cortex (PFC) mediates some of the highest cognitive functions possible in mammalian species where this region has evolved. This cognitive capacity is critically modulated by dopamine (DA) neurons that reside in the midbrain and densely innervate the frontal lobe. Lesions of the DA input deleteriously impact PFC activity, and malfunctions of this system have been implicated in several mental disorders and substance abuse. This chapter reviews the anatomical features of the mesoprefrontal DA pathway with an emphasis on what has been discovered from ultrastructural investigations. Subjects covered include the midbrain DA neurons innervating the PFC, their patterns of termination and synaptic incidence, the target neurons receiving input, evidence for modulation of glutamate transmission, DA transporter localization, DA receptor distribution and evidence for extrasynaptic transmission, and substantiation of corelease of DA and glutamate in the PFC. A concise synopsis of how anatomical studies inform our understanding of DA physiology and actions of this modulator on neuronal plasticity is also offered.
Contact area affects frequency-dependent responses to vibration in the peripheral vascular and sensorineural systems.

Repetitive exposure to hand-transmitted vibration is associated with development of peripheral vascular and sensorineural dysfunctions. These disorders and symptoms associated with it are referred ...
Design of an assessment to probe teachers' content knowledge for teaching: An example from energy in high school physics

Content knowledge for teaching can be measured on a written assessment based on two main components: tasks of teaching and student content targets.
The role of psychometric data in predicting inpatient mental health service utilization.

Inpatient mental health readmission rates have increased dramatically in recent years, with a subset of consumers referred to as revolving-door patients. In an effort to reduce the financial burden associated with these patients and increase treatment efficacy, researchers have begun to explore factors associated with increased service utilization. To date, predictors of increased service usage are remarkably discrepant across studies. Further exploration, therefore, is needed to better explicate the relevance of “traditional” predictors and also to identify alternate strategies that may assist in predicting rehospitalization. One method that may be helpful in identifying patients at high risk is the development of a psychometric screening procedure. As a means to this end, the present study was designed to assess the potential usefulness of psychometric data in predicting mental health service utilization. The sample consisted of 131 patients hospitalized during an index period of 8 months at an acute-care psychiatric hospital. Number of readmissions was recorded in a 9 month post-index period. Measures completed during the index admission included the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Anchored (BPRS-A), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (K-BIT), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results indicated that psychometric data accounted for significant variance in predicting past, present and future mental health service utilization. The BPRS-A, SCL-90-R, and BDI show particular promise as time efficient psychometric screening instruments that may better enable practitioners to identify patients proactively who are at increased risk for rehospitalization. Implications are discussed with regard to patient-treatment matching and discharge planning.
JAK/STAT and Chromatin Regulation in Drosophila

The formation of distinct chromatin domains, such as euchromatin and heterochromatin, in eukaryotic cells is a critical mechanism by which proper gene expression and development are controlled. Covalent DNA and histone modifications that establish stable heterochromatin states, such as cytosine methylation, histone hypoacetylation and histone H3-Lys9 methylation are among the best understood. The specific pattern of these modifications provides a mechanism for the spread and maintenance of heterochromatin in conjunction with the recruitment of additional factors, a key step in epigenetic gene silencing. In this review, we will summarize the current understanding of the modulation of chromatin structure dynamics, its implications for disease and development, especially recent work highlighting the contribution of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in controlling heterochromatin stability.
Implementation of an Electronic Referral System for Outpatient Specialty Care

Poor communication between primary care and specialists often leads to delays, inefficiencies and suboptimal patient outcomes. This study examined implementation of an electronic referral system (eReferral) that creates direct communication between primary care providers and specialist reviewers. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to assess factors affecting the success of eReferral implementation; transcripts were analyzed using qualitative methods. Primary and specialty care providers were enthusiastic about the system. Primary care providers had favorable attitudes despite a number of challenges including increased workload due to a shift in tasks from specialists and administrative personnel, poor connectivity, and insufficient hardware. System acceptance was driven by perceptions of improved access to specialty care, better appointment tracking, and improved communication between primary and specialty care providers. Synergy among development processes, implementation practices, and technical factors, including human-centered design, iterative development, a phased rollout, and an intuitive user interface, also fostered uptake of the system.
Established methods in the investigation of bullous diseases.

The accuracy and diagnosis of bullous diseases has advanced greatly in the past four decades. The clinical and histopathologic features of the individual bullous diseases may be distinctive, but sometimes overlap. Immunofluorescence studies are essential in making an accurate diagnosis. The article discusses the application of established, widely available techniques in the diagnosis of bullous diseases.