cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Trichodermamides A and B

Starting from commercially available (−)-quinic acid, the enantioselective total syntheses of trichodermamides A and B were achieved. The key reactions involve the stereoselective construction of the oxazine ring via an intramolecular epoxide ring opening reaction and an EDCI-assisted peptide coupling reaction.
N-benzoyl-(2R,3S)-3-phenylisoserine methyl ester; a facile and convenient synthesis and resolution by entrainment

Abstract The importance of N-benzoyl-(2R,3S)-phenylisoserine (3), also known as the “taxol side chain”, for the strong antitumor activity of taxol (1), a potent anticancer drug, has prompted numerous efforts towards the development of a practical taxol side chain synthesis. Here we describe a highly practical and inexpensive synthesis of the taxol side chain methyl ester 4 and resolution via entrainment based on the observation that compound 4 exhibits conglomerate crystal structure.
Philosophy of Research: New Projects in Mössbauer Spectroscopy of Systems with Weak Magnetic Interactions

This paper deals with some basic philosophies of the author concerning “research” versus “investigation” and emphasize a need for developing Mossbauer spectroscopy as a “problem-oriented” reseach tool. A brief survey of dia-, para-, and anti-ferromagnetism is peesented and specific research problems to which Mossbauer spectroscopy can be (or has been) applied are discussed. These include coordination and organometallic compounds.
Selective Extraction of Copper, Mercury, Silver, and Palladium Ions from Water Using Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids

Extraction of dilute metal ions from water was performed near room temperature with a variety of ionic liquids. Distribution coefficients are reported for fourteen metal ions extracted with ionic liquids containing cations 1-octyl-4-methylpyridinium[4MOPYR]+, 1-methyl-1-octylpyrrolidinium[MOPYRRO]+, or 1-methyl-1-octylpiperidinium[MOPIP]+ and anions tetrafluoroborate[BF4]+, trifluoromethyl sulfonate[TfO]+, or nonafluorobutyl sulfonate[NfO]+. Ionic liquids containing octylpyridinium cations are good for extracting mercury ions. However, other metal ions were not significantly extracted by any of these ionic liquids. Extractions were also performed with four new task-specific ionic liquids. When these liquids contain a disulfide functional group, they are efficient and selective for mercury and copper, whereas those containing a nitrile functional group are efficient and selective for silver and palladium.
Rendezvous based trust propagation to enhance distributed network security

Development of network of nodes connected with their trust values and the propagation of these trust values to far away nodes are basic operations of the modern day trustworthy networks. Trust can be exploited to mitigate the security threats in wireless network. Most of the existing trust propagation methods are based on flooding trust information, which puts a heavy burden on wireless communication, especially in ad hoc network and sensor network. In this paper, we propose a rendezvous based trust propagation scheme. Trust requester and trust provider send out trust-request and computed-trust tickets respectively, which will meet in some common rendezvous node with certain probability. Computed-trust will then be propagated to the requester. We carry out detailed performance evaluations of our scheme. The results show that our method achieves up to 66% overhead reduction in trust propagation compared to flood based methods.
Construction of optically pure tryptophans from serine derived aziridine-2-carboxylates

Abstract The possibility of preparing optically pure tryptophan derivatives from various substituted indoles and (2 R )- or (2 S )-2-aziridinecarboxylates has been examined. Zinc triflate was found to be the only Lewis acid capable of bringing about this reaction in moderate yields.
SMALL GAIN VERSUS POSITIVE REAL MODELING OF REAL PARAMETER UNCERTAINTY

The authors shown by means of a lightly damped oscillator example with uncertain stiffness that small gain modeling of constant real parameter uncertainty can be extremely conservative. This example was chosen to highlight inherent drawbacks of small-gain principles applied to the analysis of robust controllers for lightly damped flexible structures. If, for this class of problems, uncertainty in the stiffness operator, which may be relatively large, is modeled as a small gain H/sub infinity / block, then the arbitrary phase characteristics of the uncertainty block can contribute to a significant perturbation of the damping operator, which may be relatively small. An alternative uncertainty modeling approach involving positive real transfer functions and the positivity theorem is shown to be significantly less conservative. >
Anti‐dumping: A Growing Problem in International Trade

This paper discusses the issue of anti-dumping (AD) proliferation. AD is used more frequently, by more countries, and against more products than ever in its history. I review AD filing patterns with an emphasis on the scope of countries and industries seeking protection. Recent trends suggest that the widespread embrace of AD protection makes the prospect for AD reform increasingly unlikely. AD is no longer being used solely by high-income developed countries. It is increasingly being used by middle-income and even lower-income countries. New users have chosen to use AD very intensively. Per dollar of imports the new users have filed AD cases up to 15–20 times more frequently than the traditional AD users such as the US and EU. The evolving set of AD users complicates AD negotiations. In the near term, strong opposition by the US and EU makes reform a highly unlikely outcome. In the longer run, rising use of AD against the US and EU could conceivably weaken their support for AD; yet, the same trends that might finally cause the US and EU to realise AD is a failed policy will likely make reform impossible.
BOUNDARY-LAYER HYGROSCOPIC STRESSES IN ANGLE-PLY COMPOSITE LAMINATES

An investigation on hygroscopically- induced stress fields near g eometric b oundaries of finitewidth, a ngle-ply composite laminates is presented. The study is formulated on the b asis of the t heory of anisotropic hygroelasticity. By the i ntroduction of Lehknitskii's complex stress functions, governing partial differential equations of the sixth-order are established for composite laminates subjected to uniformly distributed moisture absorption. The hygroscopic stress singularity at the edges of a c omposite laminate is determined b y an eigenfunction expansion technique recently developed by the authors. Distributions of stresses and associated strain energy densities in the boundarylayer region of the composite laminate are obtained by using a boundary-colloca tion method. A symmetric, angle-ply (45°/-450/-450/4 50) graphitel epoxy is chosen for illustrative purposes in this study. The solution for the (+45), composite is presented to elucidate t he fundamental behavior of hygroscopic edge stresses in composite laminates. Of particular i nterest are the p resently introduced hygroscopic b oundary-layer stress intensity factors and their implications. Details of these are reported in the paper.
Electrothermal feedback in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors

We investigate the role of electrothermal feedback in the operation of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs). It is found that the desired mode of operation for SNSPDs is only achieved if this feedback is unstable, which happens naturally through the slow electrical response associated with their relatively large kinetic inductance. If this response is sped up in an effort to increase the device count rate, the electrothermal feedback becomes stable and results in an effect known as latching, where the device is locked in a resistive state and can no longer detect photons. We present a set of experiments which elucidate this effect and a simple model which quantitatively explains the results.
Swirl effects on confined flows in axisymmetric geometries

In this paper the results of an experimental investigation of turbulent swirling flows in a model of a coaxial dump combustor are presented. The objectives of this study are twofold: first, to investigate, understand, and document the effects of inlet swirl on the characteristics of a dump combustor flowfield; second, to provide benchmark experimental data to aid the development of advanced design codes. Two sets of experiments were carried out. The first set examined the effect of swirl number on the flowfield characteristics. The second set studied the effect of inlet swirl profile and its evolution throughout the combustor. The results indicated that swirling motion altered the flowfield and significantly reduced the length of the corner recirculation region. Furthermore, specification of swirl strength is not an all inclusive parameter for swirl performance classification and characterization.
Using reactive transport modeling to evaluate the source term at Yucca mountain

The conventional approach of source-term evaluation for performance assessment of nuclear waste repositories uses the dissolution rate of waste form and the solubility of pure phases of radioactive elements to constrain radionuclide concentrations. This standard practice has obvious shortcomings. First, it is unrealistic to use the dissolution rate of spent fuel to constrain source terms because of its short life under the repository conditions. Second, it is well recognized that most radionuclides may incorporate into secondary uranium minerals as solid solutions. A source-term model without considering the role of secondary minerals would deviate from the reality. As a result, source term predicted by the conventional approach may be several orders of magnitude higher than the concentrations of radioelements measured in spent fuel dissolution experiments. This paper presents the author's attempt of applying reactive-transport modeling approach to realistically evaluate source term by including the precipitation and dissolution of secondary minerals for Yucca Mountain.Based on the general reactive-transport code AREST-CT, a model for spent fuel dissolution and secondary phase precipitation has been constructed. Its predictions have been compared against laboratory experiments and natural analogues. It is found that without calibration, the simulated results match laboratory and field observations very well in many aspects. More important is the fact that no contradictions between them have been found.By considering Np incorporation into uranyl minerals, the model not only predicts a lower Np source term than that given by the conventional model but also produces results that are consistent with laboratory measurements and observations. Moreover, two hypotheses, whether Np enters tertiary uranyl minerals or not, have been tested by comparing model predictions against laboratory observations; the results suggests that the former hypothesis is a better assumption for Np source-term prediction. It is concluded that this non-conventional approach of source-term evaluation not only eliminates over-conservatism in the conventional approach to some extent but also gives a realistic representation of the system of interest. Therefore, it as a promising alternative approach for source-term evaluation.
Ultra-Lean Combustion at High Inlet Temperatures

Combustion at inlet air temperatures of 1100 to 1250 K was studied for application to advanced automotive gas turbine engines. Combustion was initiated by the hot environment, and therefore no external ignition source was used. Combustion was stabilized without a flameholder. The tests were performed in a 12 cm diameter test section at a pressure of 2.5 x 10 to the 5th power Pa, with reference velocities of 32 to 60 m/sec and at maximum combustion temperatures of 1350 to 1850 K. Number 2 diesel fuel was injected by means of a multiple source fuel injector. Unburned hydrocarbons emissions were negligible for all test conditions. Nitrogen oxides emissions were less than 1.9 g NO2/kg fuel for combustion temperatures below 1680 K. Carbon monoxide emissions were less than 16 g CO/kg fuel for combustion temperatures greater than 1600 K, inlet air temperatures higher than 1150 K, and residence times greater than 4.3 microseconds.
Experimental allergic neuritis in the SJL/J mouse: induction of severe and reproducible disease with bovine peripheral nerve myelin and pertussis toxin with or without interleukin-12.

Abstract We report a reproducible model of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) with severe clinical signs and consistent pathological features in mice. Pertussis toxin (PT) in the presence or absence of murine recombinant interleukin-12 (mrIL-12) was used as an adjuvant with bovine peripheral nerve myelin (BPNM) to induce clinical EAN in SJL/J mice. After immunization with a combination of BPNM in complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) and PT, mice developed severe consistent signs of EAN. The additional treatment of immunized mice with mrIL-12 prolonged the course of EAN characterized by earlier clinical signs of the disease and delayed the recovery stage. Mice injected with BPNM and CFA without PT developed mild clinical signs. Histological examination of the caudae equinae and the sciatic nerves taken from mice with clinical signs of EAN during the recovery stage revealed severe demyelination, remyelination and remnants of mononuclear cell infiltration. Moderate to severe EAN can be induced in SJL/J mice by the injection of a combination of BPNM in CFA and PT. This model can provide a better understanding of mechanism of demyelination in infiltrating peripheral neuropathy.
Ideological Segregation Online and Offline

We use individual and aggregate data to ask how the Internet is changing the ideological segregation of the American electorate. Focusing on online news consumption, offline news consumption, and face-to-face social interactions, we define ideological segregation in each domain using standard indices from the literature on racial segregation. We find that ideological segregation of online news consumption is low in absolute terms, higher than the segregation of most offline news consumption, and significan tly lower than the segregation of face-to-face interactions with neighbors, co-workers, or family members. We find no evidence that the Internet is becoming more segregated over time.
Thermal decomposition of ethane

The decomposition of C2H6 in Ar was studied by laser-absorption and laser-schlieren measurements of the reaction rate behind incident shock waves with 1300 < T < 2500°K and 1.1 < ρ < 4.4 × 10−6 mol/cm3. The experimental profiles were parameterized by suitable measures of reaction progress. Computer simulations using a 14-reaction mechanism were used to compare assumptions about rate constant expressions with the experimental parameters and to investigate the sensitivity of computed parameters to these assumptions. A rate constant expression k(cm3/mol˙sec) = 2 × 10111T−25.26 exp(−80 320/T) was found for the primary dissociation step C2H6 + M CH3 + CH3 + M under the conditions studied; no difference in rate was discernable between M Ar and M C2H6. Rate constant expressions found to be suitable for the remaining reactions of the mechanism, to some of which the computed parameters were sensitive, were in accord with previous proposals. Our results and results from earlier investigations of the primary decomposition reaction, in both forward and reverse directions, were extrapolated, using RRK methods, to obtain low-pressure limiting rate constants and found to be concordant.
The two institutional logics: exit-oriented versus commitment-oriented institutional designs

Throughout human affairs there are two dual logics. Albert Hirschman investigated the two logics as the parallel-oriented logic of exit and the series-oriented logic of commitment, loyalty, and voice. Economics focuses almost exclusively on the logic of exit and questions of institutional design are seen through that lens. One goal here is to flesh out the alternative commitment-oriented logic of institutional design. The large Japanese-style firm is a major example of the commitment-oriented institutional design. Another point is that each logic has an internal consistency so some ‘mix and match’ hybrids can be more lethal than vigorous. In the East Asian crisis, highly leveraged firms from a commitment-oriented system of relational finance had ‘taken advantage’ of the new funds available from globalized financiers operating under the exit-oriented logic of arms-length finance – and the hybrid proved to be unviable. Overall, my goal is to illustrate the two institutional logics that offer two different a...
Progress in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Excerpt Although leukemia is not a common disease, it has been a model for progress in modern cancer chemotherapy. Less than 30 years ago hematologists questioned whether patients with acute myelog...
Okun’s law, asymmetries and regional spillovers: evidence from Virginia metropolitan statistical areas and the District of Columbia

The purpose of this paper was to examine the strength of the relationship between unemployment and GDP, to determine the extent to which this relationship has been stable in Virginia metropolitan statistical areas (MSA) during the Great Recession and to examine the importance of regional spillovers in Okun’s law. Our results suggest that regional spillovers are very important in local labor markets and in defining the relationship observed at the national level. The MSA level data further supports asymmetries in Okun’s law. The weaker direct relationship between GDP and unemployment at the local level suggests that while federal fiscal and monetary policies to stimulate aggregate demand during periods of economic recovery may be effective, over time, in reducing the unemployment rate, local economic development policies are not effective in achieving the substantial short-term reduction in unemployment needed during recovery. The strong business cycle effects observed in the state MSA, relative to the U.S., suggests that countercyclical policies are fundamentally important and should be targeted more generally to exploit regional spillovers.
Intramolecular Nucleophilic Displacement of Fluorine

Intramolecular nucleophilic displacement in organic fluorine compounds takes place if a fluorine atom is located in the molecule at such a distance from a nucleophilic functional group as to allow cyclization to three-membered rings (in aliphatic compounds only), five-membered rings, six-membered rings, and, exceptionally, seven- and polymembered rings (in aromatic series only). The nucleophilic functions can be hydroxyl groups of alcohols, enols, phenols and carboxylic acids, sulfhydryl groups, primary or secondary amino groups, and carbanionic carbon atoms. The reaction is common with aliphatic monofluorides and aromatic polyfluorides, and rare with geminal and trigeminal fluorides. Whereas in the aliphatic series it is usually an undesirable side-reaction, in the aromatic series it is useful as a means of synthesizing carbocyclic and heterocyclic polynuclear compounds.
Interrelation of Preventive Care Benefits and Shared Costs under the Affordable Care Act (ACA)

With the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), access to insurance and coverage of preventive care services has been expanded. By removing the barrier of shared costs for preventive care, it is expected that an increase in utilization of preventive care services will reduce the cost of chronic diseases. Early detection and treatment is anticipated to be less costly than treatment at full onset of chronic conditions. One concern of early detection of disease is the cost to treat. In reality, the confluence of early detection may result in greater overall expenditures. Even with improved access to preventive care benefits, cost-sharing of other health services remains a major component of insurance plans. In order to treat identified conditions or diseases, cost-sharing comes into play. With the greater adoption of cost-sharing insurance plans, expenditures on the part of enrollee are anticipated to rise. Once the healthcare recipients realize the implication of early identification and resultant treatment costs, enrollment in preventive care may decline. Healthcare legislation and regulation should consider the full spectrum of care and the microeconomic costs associated with preventive treatment. Although the system at large may not realize the immediate impact, behavioral shifts on the part of healthcare consumers may alter healthcare. Rather than the current status quo of treating presenting conditions, preventive treatment is largely anticipated to require more resources and may impact the consumer’s financial capacity. This report will explore how these two concepts are co-dependent, and highlight the need for continued reform.
A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of (E,E)-1,5-Dienes

Abstract Several representative 1,5-dienes were synthesized, with a high degree of regioselectivity, by a series of nitrone cycloadditions and subsequent deamination of the adducts.
Drag Reduction Using Riblet Film Applied to Airfoils for Wind Turbines

sections of the airfoil in order to determine the optimal riblet location in terms of drag reduction. Results showed that the magnitude of drag reduction depended on the angle of attack, Reynolds number, riblet size, and riblet location. For some congurations, riblets produced signicant drag reduction of up to 5%, while for others riblets were detrimental. Trends in the results indicated an optimum riblet size of 62- m for the range of Reynolds numbers at which tests were conducted. The airfoil chord was 18 in (0.457 m). Results also showed that each riblet size performed best at a given Reynolds number with the optimal Reynolds number decreasing with an increase in riblet size.
Gauge and topological symmetries in the bulk quantization of gauge theories

Abstract A gauge theory with 4 physical dimensions can be consistently expressed as a renormalizable topological quantum field theory in 5 dimensions. We extend the symmetries in the 5-dimensional framework to include not only a topological BRST operator s that encodes the invisibility of the “bulk” (the fifth dimension), but also a gauge BRST operator w that encodes gauge-invariance and selects observables. These symmetries provide a rich structure of Ward identities which assure the renormalizability of the theory, including non-renormalization theorems. The 5-dimensional approach considerably simplifies conceptual questions such as for instance the Gribov phenomenon and fermion doubling. A confinement scenario in the 5-dimensional framework is sketched. We detail the five-dimensional mechanism of anomalies, and we exhibit a natural lattice discretization that is free of fermion doubling.
RUTHENIUM CATALYZED OXIDATION OF HALOINDOLES TO ISATINS

(2001). RUTHENIUM CATALYZED OXIDATION OF HALOINDOLES TO ISATINS. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 615-619.
Thermally induced brittle deformation in oceanic lithosphere and the spacing of fracture zones

Brittle deformation of oceanic lithosphere due to thermal stress is explored with a numerical model, with an emphasis on the spacing of fracture zones. Brittle deformation is represented by localized plastic strain within a material having an elasto-visco-plastic rheology with strain softening. We show that crustal thickness, creep strength, and the rule governing plastic flow control the formation of cracks. The spacing of primary crack decreases with crustal thickness as long as it is smaller than a threshold value. Creep strength shifts the threshold such that crust with strong creep strength develops primary cracks regardless of crustal thicknesses, while only a thin crust can have primary cracks if its creep strength is low. For a thin crust, the spacing of primary cracks is inversely proportional to the creep strength, suggesting that creep strength might independently contribute to the degree of brittle deformation. Through finite versus zero dilatation in plastic strain, associated and non-associated flow rule results in nearly vertical and V-shaped cracks, respectively. Changes in the tectonic environment of a ridge system can be reflected in variation in crustal thickness, and thus related to brittle deformation. The fracture zone-free Reykjanes ridge is known to have a uniformly thick crust. The Australian-Antarctic Discordance has multiple fracture zones and thin crust. These syntheses are consistent with enhanced brittle deformation of oceanic lithosphere when the crust is thin and vice versa.
Group III-nitride alloys as photovoltaic materials

The direct gap of the In1-xGaxN alloy system extends continuously from InN (0.7 eV, in the near IR) to GaN (3.4 eV, in the mid-ultraviolet). This opens the intriguing possibility of using this single ternary alloy system in single or multi-junction (MJ) solar cells. A number of measurements of the intrinsic properties of InN and In-rich In1-xGaxN alloys (0 < x < 0.63) are presented and discussed here. To evaluate the suitability of In1-xGaxN as a material for space applications, extensive radiation damage testing with electron, proton, and alpha particle radiation has been performed. Using the room temperature photoluminescence intensity as a indirect measure of minority carrier lifetime, it is shown that In1-xGaxN retains its optoelectronic properties at radiation damage doses at least 2 orders of magnitude higher than the damage thresholds of the materials (GaAs and GaInP) currently used in high efficiency MJ cells. Results are evaluated in terms of the positions of the valence and conduction band edges with respect to the average energy level of broken-bond defects (Fermi level stabilization energy EFS). Measurements of the surface electron concentration as a function of x are also discussed in terms of the relative position of EFS. The main outstanding challenges in the photovoltaic applications of In1-xGaxN alloys, which include developing methods to achieve p-type doping and improving the structural quality of heteroepitaxial films, are also discussed.
Capital accumulation, income distribution and endogenous fertility in an overlapping generations general equilibrium model.

Abstract This paper studies the intertemporal relationships among population growth, income distribution, inter-generational social mobility, skill composition of the labor force, and household income in an overlapping generations general equilibrium model that aggregates household decisions regarding fertility, savings and investment in human capital of children. It shows that as a consequence of endogenous fertility, the equilibrium path attains steady state from the second generation. Income tax transfer, child taxation, and social security taxation policies that can be devised to affect these variables are also analyzed. The model provides a structural explanation for the inverse household income-child quantity and negative child quality-quantity relationships that are observed in developing countries. It also shows that group interests may hinder the emergence of perfect capital markets with private initiatives.
Scalable Load and Store Processing in Latency-Tolerant Processors

Memory latency tolerant architectures achieve high performance by supporting thousands of in-flight instructions without scaling cycle-critical processor resources. We present new load-store processing algorithms for latency tolerant architectures. We augment primary load and store queues with secondary buffers. The secondary load buffer is a set associative structure, similar to a cache. The secondary store queue, the store redo log (SRL) is a first-in first-out (FIFO) structure recording the program order of all stores completed in parallel with a miss, and has no CAM and search functions. Instead of the secondary store queue, a cache provides temporary forwarding. The SRL enforces memory ordering by ensuring memory updates occur in program order once the miss data arrives from memory. The new algorithms remove fundamental sources of power, and area inefficiency in load and store processing by eliminating the CAM and search functions in the secondary load and store buffers, and still achieve competitive performance compared to hierarchical designs
Secure Computation of Top-K Eigenvectors for Shared Matrices in the Cloud

With the development of sensor network, mobile computing, and web applications, data are now collected from many distributed sources to form big datasets. Such datasets can be hosted in the cloud to achieve economical processing and sharing. However, these data might be highly sensitive requiring secure storage and processing. We envision a cloud-based data storage and processing framework that enables users to economically and securely share and handle big datasets. Under this framework, we study the matrix-based data mining algorithms with a focus on the secure top-k eigenvector algorithm. Our approach uses an iterative processing model in which the authorized user interacts with the cloud to achieve the result. In this process, both the source matrix and the intermediate results keep confidential and the client-side incurs low costs. The security of this approach is guaranteed by using Paillier Encryption and a random perturbation technique. We carefully analyze its security under a cloud-specific threat model. Our experimental results show that the proposed method is scalable to big matrices while requiring low client-side costs.
Interaction of Supernova Ejecta with Nearby Protoplanetary Disks

The early solar system contained short-lived radionuclides such as 60Fe (t1/2 = 1.5 Myr) whose most likely source was a nearby supernova. Previous models of solar system formation considered a supernova shock that triggered the collapse of the Sun's nascent molecular cloud. We advocate an alternative hypothesis, that the solar system's protoplanetary disk had already formed when a very close (<1 pc) supernova injected radioactive material directly into the disk. We conduct the first numerical simulations designed to answer two questions related to this hypothesis: Will the disk be destroyed by such a close supernova, and will any of the ejecta be mixed into the disk? Our simulations demonstrate that the disk does not absorb enough momentum from the shock to escape the protostar to which it is bound. Only low amounts (<1%) of mass loss occur, due to stripping by Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities across the top of the disk, which also mix into the disk about 1% of the intercepted ejecta. These low efficiencies of destruction and injection are due to the fact that the high disk pressures prevent the ejecta from penetrating far into the disk before stalling. Injection of gas-phase ejecta is too inefficient to be consistent with the abundances of radionuclides inferred from meteorites. On the other hand, the radionuclides found in meteorites would have condensed into dust grains in the supernova ejecta, and we argue that such grains will be injected directly into the disk with nearly 100% efficiency. The meteoritic abundances of the short-lived radionuclides such as 60Fe therefore are consistent with injection of grains condensed from the ejecta of a nearby (<1 pc) supernova, into an already formed protoplanetary disk.
Logarithmic corrections to finite-size spectrum of SU(N) symmetric quantum chains

We consider SU(N) symmetric one-dimensional quantum chains at finite temperature. For such systems the correlation lengths, ground state energy and excited state energies are investigated in the framework of conformal field theory. The possibility of different types of excited states is discussed. Logarithmic corrections to the ground state energy and different types of excited states in the presence of a marginal operator are calculated. The known results for SU(2) and SU(4) symmetric systems follow from our general formula.
Synchronization of heterogeneous Kuramoto oscillators with graphs of diameter two

In this article we study synchronization of Kuramoto oscillators with heterogeneous frequencies, and where underlying topology is a graph of diameter two. When the coupling strengths between every two connected oscillators are the same, we find an analytic condition that guarantees an existence of a Positively Invariant Set (PIS) and demonstrate that existence of a PIS suffices for frequency synchronization. For graphs of diameter two, this synchronization condition is significantly better than existing general conditions for an arbitrary topology. If the coupling strengths can be different for different pairs of connected oscillators, we formulate an optimization problem that finds sufficient for synchronization coupling strengths such that their sum is minimal.
The Rossi X-ray timing explorer

Abstract RXTE has been operating for nearly 2 years and is planning the third. The spacecraft performance has been good and the three instruments are operating well. Observations have been made of the range of targets suitable for RXTE, including such different objects as accreting neutron stars and black holes, stellar flares, and supernova remnants. The goals of studying high time resolution and broad energy range and optimising multiwavelength participation are yielding important results. Oscillations found from low-mass X-ray binaries probably are signatures of the spin of the neutron stars and of the shortest orbital periods around the neutron stars. These are constraining neutron star parameters. Oscillation and spectral results from black hole candidates bring into the realm of possibility the possibilities of measuring the spins of the black holes and using X-ray data to test predictions of gravitation theory. Multiwavelength observations are leading to identification of the locations of the X-ray emission regions and, in the case of the microquasars, to understanding of the mechanisms for jet formation. Recently faster observing response than originally planned has made possible some RXTE contributions to identification of gamma-ray bursts.
Heterogeneity in the rapidly exchanging metals of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase.

Abstract Substitution of the two rapidly exchanging zinc atoms of liver alcohol dehydrogenase by cobalt is biphasic; replacement by the first cobalt occurs at a rate ( t 1 2 = 15 minutes ) approximately ten times faster than substitution by the second cobalt atom. The hybrid enzyme containing one gram atom of cobalt has a characteristic visible absorption spectrum which is not perturbed by NADH or 1,10-phenanthroline. The fluorescence of NADH or e-NAD bound to the hybrid is not quenched. These data indicate a previously unrecognized heterogeneity in the rapidly exchanging zinc atoms; one of the exchange labile zinc atoms is located at a structural metal binding site rather than an active site.
Trading policy: Constituents and party in U.S. trade policy

Studies of US trade policy legislation focus on the effect of constituents on trade policy voting and give less weight to institutions such as political parties. To demonstrate that political parties affect voting, I compare the votes of politicians who share constituency characteristics but differ in political party affiliation. This approach requires less reliance on assumptions about, or empirical measures of, constituents’ trade preferences. The results demonstrate that political parties play a significant role in legislative voting on trade policy. Theories of political economy therefore should incorporate how constituency interests and partisan pressures affect legislative voting.
Fourier transform interferometer alignment method.

A rapid and convenient method has been developed to facilitate the alignment of the image-plane components of point-diffraction interferometers, including the phase-shifting point-diffraction interferometer. In real time, the Fourier transform of the detected image is used to calculate a pseudoimage of the electric field in the image plane of the test optic where the critical alignment of various optical components is performed. Reconstruction of the pseudoimage is similar to off-axis, Fourier transform holography. Intermediate steps in the alignment procedure are described. Fine alignment is aided by the introduction and optimization of a global-contrast parameter that is easily calculated from the Fourier transform. Additional applications include the alignment of image-plane apertures in general optical systems, the rapid identification of patterned image-plane alignment marks, and the probing of important image-plane field properties.
D3-brane vacua in stabilized compactifications

D3-branes feel no force in no-scale flux compactifications of type IIB string theory, but the nonperturbative effects required to stabilize the Kahler moduli break the no-scale structure and generate a potential for D3-brane motion, confining the branes to certain loci. D3-branes away from these loci break supersymmetry spontaneously, by an F-term. We present the general conditions for supersymmetric D3-brane vacua in models with a single Kahler modulus, then explicitly calculate these vacua for D3-branes moving on the tip of the warped deformed conifold. We find both continuous moduli spaces and isolated vacua. In addition, we show that 3-branes and D3-branes are localized to the same regions by the nonperturbative potential, avoiding a potential obstacle to brane inflation. We apply these results to determine whether angular motion of a brane in a throat could play an important role in inflation, and find that any inflation along the angular directions is short-lived because the field space is very small.
Frontiers of inorganic chemistry

Article general concernant quelques champs d'application de complexes metalliques ou organometalliques de metaux de transition: precurseurs de semiconducteurs, metaux synthetiques, biomineraux, catalyseurs...
The tellurium analogue of the hydroxide ion: Syntheses and structure of (PPh4)TeH

Abstract Treatment of the ethylenediamine (en) extracts from solids of nominal composition K2SiTe3 and K2GeTe3 with (PPh4)Br, gives the tetraphenylphosphonium salt of the hydrogen tellurium (1 −) anion, (PPh4)TeH (1). Telluride (1) was identified by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and a single crystal X-ray structure determination. Crystals of 1 were isomorphous with tetragonal (PPh4)Br, space group I 4 , with cell constants at − 160°C of a = 11.945(7), c = 6.867(3) A, Z = 2 and V = 979.8 A3.
SPIN effects, QCD, and Jefferson Laboratory with 12 GeV electrons

QCD and Spin physics are playing important role in our understanding of hadron structure. I will give a short overview of origin of hadron structure in QCD and highlight modern understanding of the subject. Jefferson Laboratory is undergoing an upgrade that will increase the energy of electron beam up to 12 GeV. JLab is one of the leading facilities in nuclear physics studies and once operational in 2015 JLab 12 will be crucial for future of nuclear physics. I will briefly discuss future studies in four experimental halls of Jefferson Lab.
Syntheses and Characterizations of Chiral Tetrahedral Cobalt Phosphates with Zeolite ABW and Related Frameworks

The hydrothermal syntheses, X-ray crystal structures, and magnetic properties of a family of 3-D chiral framework cobalt phosphates are presented. Two different types of framework structures are described: one has the same topology as the well-known zeolite ABW framework and represents the only pure cobalt phosphate framework with a known zeolite topology; the other exhibits a framework connectivity which can be considered as a hybrid of tridymite and ABW frameworks. These new chiral materials were obtained by systematic chemical variation, accurate control of solution pH values, and use of non-aqueous solvents. Synthesis conditions were found which favored the crystallization of Co2+ oxygen tetrahedra in strict alternation with P5+ oxygen tetrahedra from cobalt phosphate solutions in the presence of Na+, K+, NH4+, or Rb+ ions. The transition from one framework type to the other is affected by the size of these extra-framework cations. The two ABW structures (NH4CoPO4-ABW, RbCoPO4) have eight-ring channe...
Metal plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition : a review

Abstract Metal plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (MePIIID) is a hybrid process combining cathodic arc deposition and plasma immersion ion implantation. The properties of a metal plasma produced by vacuum arcs are reviewed and the consequences for MePIIID are discussed. Different version of MePIIID are described and compared with traditional methods of surface modification such as ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD). MePIIID is a very versatile approach because of the wide range of ion species and energies used. At one extreme case, films are deposited with ions in the energy range 20–50 eV, and at the other extreme, ions can be implanted with high energy (100 keV or more) without film deposition. Novel features of the technique include the use of improved macroparticle filters; the implementation of several plasma sources for multi-element surface modification; tuning of ion energy during implantation and deposition to tailor the substrate-film intermixed layer and structure of the growing film; simultaneous pulsing of the plasma potential (positive) and substrate bias (negative) with a modified Marx generator; and the use of high ion charge states.
DYNAMICS OF CHROMOSPHERIC UPFLOWS AND UNDERLYING MAGNETIC FIELDS

We used H{alpha}-0.1 nm and magnetic field (at 1.56{mu}) data obtained with the New Solar Telescope to study the origin of the disk counterparts to type II spicules, so-called rapid blueshifted excursions (RBEs). The high time cadence of our chromospheric (10 s) and magnetic field (45 s) data allowed us to generate x-t plots using slits parallel to the spines of the RBEs. These plots, along with potential field extrapolation, led us to suggest that the occurrence of RBEs is generally correlated with the appearance of new, mixed, or unipolar fields in close proximity to network fields. RBEs show a tendency to occur at the interface between large-scale fields and small-scale dynamic magnetic loops and thus are likely to be associated with the existence of a magnetic canopy. Detection of kinked and/or inverse {sup Y-}shaped RBEs further confirm this conclusion.
Nitrogen oxides and the airglow

Abstract The chemospheric processes lead to various possibilities for description of the contribution of nitrogen oxides in the airglow. An excitation of the Vegard-Kaplan system is indicated when nitric oxide is formed by a three-body collision process involving molecular nitrogen. A bimolecular association leading to nitrogen peroxide must show a continuous airglow during dark hours as well as in a sunlit atmosphere. Electronic systems emission of NO2 is also possible because of a reaction between ozone and nitric oxide. A reaction leading to an excitation of the O2 red atmospheric band system with its peculiar emissions is also discussed. Since these various processes causing day, twilight, and night airglow occur in the mesosphere and at the mesopause level, dynamic effects may lead to strong variations in the airglow.
Search for evidence of commensurate argon-on-graphite films near monolayer completion

The structural properties of argon films adsorbed on graphite at 85 K were investigated as a function of coverage using neutron diffraction. This study was prompted by the recent high-resolution heat-capacity measurements of Day et al. which uncovered a series of anomalies near monolayer melting. These features were attributed to the formation of a registered, $\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3}$ $R30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ phase. The diffraction study presented here shows that this commensurate phase does not exist in the portion of the phase diagram suggested by the thermodynamic study. On the contrary, a compressed solid phase with a lattice constant close to that of the close-packed plane of the bulk solid forms. Evidence of second-layer population in the diffraction study suggests that these heat-capacity anomalies might be direct evidence of layer promotion.
Semantics and evaluation of top-k queries in probabilistic databases

We study here fundamental issues involved in top-k query evaluation in probabilistic databases. We consider simple probabilistic databases in which probabilities are associated with individual tuples, and general probabilistic databases in which, additionally, exclusivity relationships between tuples can be represented. In contrast to other recent research in this area, we do not limit ourselves to injective scoring functions. We formulate three intuitive postulates for the semantics of top-k queries in probabilistic databases, and introduce a new semantics, Global-Topk, that satisfies those postulates to a large degree. We also show how to evaluate queries under the Global-Topk semantics. For simple databases we design dynamic-programming based algorithms. For general databases we show polynomial-time reductions to the simple cases, and provide effective heuristics to speed up the computation in practice. For example, we demonstrate that for a fixed k the time complexity of top-k query evaluation is as low as linear, under the assumption that probabilistic databases are simple and scoring functions are injective.
Synthetic studies toward the C5-C20 domain of the azaspiracids.

An approach toward the C5−C20 THF-fused trioxadispiroketal portion of the azaspiracids is reported. The highly substituted azaspiracid D ring (C16−C19) was prepared by the one-pot conversion of a tetraol into a tetrahydrofuran. Efforts to establish the C10 and C13 spiroketal centers via an oxonium-initiated bis-spiroketalization under both kinetic and thermodynamic conditions have yielded the (10R,13S)-trioxadispiroketal 19 as the major product, which is diastereomeric with the (10R*,13R*) relative configuration assigned to the azaspiracids.
Nuclear matter and its role in supernovae, neutron stars and compact object binary mergers

Abstract The equation of state (EOS) of dense matter plays an important role in the supernova phenomenon, the structure of neutron stars, and in the mergers of compact objects (neutron stars and black holes). During the collapse phase of a supernova, the EOS at subnuclear densities controls the collapse rate, the amount of deleptonization and thus the size of the collapsing core and the bounce density. Properties of nuclear matter that are especially crucial are the symmetry energy and the nuclear specific heat. The nuclear incompressibility, and the supernuclear EOS, play supporting roles. In a similar way, although the maximum masses of neutron stars are entirely dependent upon the supernuclear EOS, other important structural aspects are more sensitive to the equation of state at nuclear densities. The radii, moments of inertia, and the relative binding energies of neutron stars are, in particular, sensitive to the behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy. The dependence of the radius of a neutron star on its mass is shown to critically influence the outcome of the compact merger of two neutron stars or a neutron star with a small mass black hole. This latter topic is especially relevant to this volume, since it stems from research prompted by the tutoring of David Schramm a quarter century ago.
A low-loss photonic silica nanofiber for higher-order modes

Optical nanofibers confine light to subwavelength scales, and are of interest for the design, integration, and interconnection of nanophotonic devices. Here we demonstrate high transmission (> 97%) of the first family of excited modes through a 350 nm radius fiber, by appropriate choice of the fiber and precise control of the taper geometry. We can design the nanofibers so that these modes propagate with most of their energy outside the waist region. We also present an optical setup for selectively launching these modes with less than 1% fundamental mode contamination. Our experimental results are in good agreement with simulations of the propagation. Multimode optical nanofibers expand the photonic toolbox, and may aid in the realization of a fully integrated nanoscale device for communication science, laser science or other sensing applications.