cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen-bonding interactions in the active site of a low molecular weight protein-tyrosine phosphatase

Molecular dynamics simulation of the Michaelis complex, phospho-enzyme intermediate, and the wild-type and C12S mutant have been carried out to examine hydrogen-bonding interactions in the active site of the bovine low molecular weight protein-tyrosine phosphatase (BPTP). It was found that the Sγ atom of the nucleophilic residue Cys-12 is ideally located at a position opposite from the phenylphosphate dianion for an inline nucleophilic substitution reaction. In addition, electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions from the backbone amide groups of the phosphate-binding loop strongly stabilize the thiolate anion, making Cys-12 ionized in the active site. In the phospho-enzyme intermediate, three water molecules are found to form strong hydrogen bonds with the phosphate group. In addition, another water molecule can be identified to form bridging hydrogen bonds between the phosphate group and Asp-129, which may act as the nucleophile in the subsequent phosphate hydrolysis reaction, with Asp-129 serving as a general base. The structural difference at the active site between the wild-type and C12S mutant has been examined. It was found that the alkoxide anion is significantly shifted toward one side of the phosphate binding loop, away from the optimal position enjoyed by the thiolate anion of the wild-type enzyme in an SN2 process. This, coupled with the high pKa value of an alcoholic residue, makes the C12S mutant catalytically inactive. These molecular dynamics simulations provided details of hydrogen bonding interactions in the active site of BPTP, and a structural basis for further studies using combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical potential to model the entire dephosphorylation reaction by BPTP. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 21: 1192–1203, 2000
MUL1 acts in parallel to the PINK1/parkin pathway in regulating mitofusin and compensates for loss of PINK1/parkin

Parkinson's disease (PD) genes PINK1 and parkin act in a common pathway that regulates mitochondrial integrity and quality. Identifying new suppressors of the pathway is important for finding new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we show that MUL1 suppresses PINK1 or parkin mutant phenotypes in Drosophila. The suppression is achieved through the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of Mitofusin, which itself causes PINK1/parkin mutant-like toxicity when overexpressed. We further show that removing MUL1 in PINK1 or parkin loss-of-function mutant aggravates phenotypes caused by loss of either gene alone, leading to lethality in flies and degeneration in mouse cortical neurons. Together, these observations show that MUL1 acts in parallel to the PINK1/parkin pathway on a shared target mitofusin to maintain mitochondrial integrity. The MUL1 pathway compensates for loss of PINK1/parkin in both Drosophila and mammals and is a promising therapeutic target for PD.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01958.001.
Structure and expression of a human subgroup II immunoglobulin x gene

We have determined the entire nucleotide sequence of an active immunoglobulin V kappa gene of the human subgroup II. Comparison of the main coding sequence of this gene to another member of this subgroup reveals germline sequence differences that occur not only in complementarity determining regions but also in framework regions. We find that at least two regions commonly associated with active immunoglobulin genes--the TATAA box and the decanucleotide TGATT-TCAT--are represented in this gene. The gene was expressed by permanent and transient DNA-mediated transfection in various cell lines. We have determined the precise site of transcriptional initiation using S1 analysis of gene transcripts and show that this site is the same in the transfected cell lines and in the cell line from which the gene was isolated.
Invariance and neural nets

Application of neural nets to invariant pattern recognition is considered. The authors study various techniques for obtaining this invariance with neural net classifiers and identify the invariant-feature technique as the most suitable for current neural classifiers. A novel formulation of invariance in terms of constraints on the feature values leads to a general method for transforming any given feature space so that it becomes invariant to specified transformations. A case study using range imagery is used to exemplify these ideas, and good performance is obtained. >
Dynamic Nature of Alterations in the Endocrine System of Fathead Minnows Exposed to the Fungicide Prochloraz

The vertebrate hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis is controlled through various feedback mechanisms that maintain a dynamic homeostasis in the face of changing environmental conditions, including exposure to chemicals. We assessed the effects of prochloraz on HPG axis function in adult fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) at multiple sampling times during 8-day exposure and 8-day depuration/recovery phases. Consistent with one mechanism of action of prochloraz, inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 19 aromatase activity, the fungicide depressed ex vivo ovarian production and plasma concentrations of 17beta-estradiol (E2) in female fish. At a prochloraz water concentration of 30 microg/l, inhibitory effects on E2 production were transitory and did not persist during the 8-day exposure phase. At 300 microg/l prochloraz, inhibition of E2 production was evident throughout the 8-day exposure but steroid titers recovered within 1 day of cessation of exposure. Compensation or recovery of steroid production in prochloraz-exposed females was accompanied by upregulation of several ovarian genes associated with steroidogenesis, including cyp19a1a, cyp17 (hydroxylase/lyase), cyp11a (cholesterol side-chain cleavage), and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor. In male fathead minnows, the 8-day prochloraz exposure decreased testosterone (T) production, possibly through inhibition of CYP17. However, as for E2 in females, ex vivo testicular production and plasma concentrations of T recovered within 1 day of stopping exposure. Steroidogenic genes upregulated in testis included cyp17 and cyp11a. These studies demonstrate the adaptability of the HPG axis to chemical stress and highlight the need to consider the dynamic nature of the system when developing approaches to assess potential risks of endocrine-active chemicals.
Modulating cGMP in heart failure

Heart failure (HF) represents a cardiovascular syndrome of major importance with increasing prevalence worldwide contributing to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The hallmarks of this syndrome in response to myocardial dysfunction are intense systemic and renal vasoconstriction, avid sodium and water retention and structural remodelling of the heart which all contribute to the symptoms and signs of this disease process. Both from a pathophysiological and therapeutic perspective, the cGMP pathway plays a central role with great opportunity for therapeutic modulation. Two interacting cGMP pathways are central to the emerging therapeutics of HF. One is the NO/sGC/cGMP system and the other is the Natriuretic peptide (NP)/pGC/cGMP system. Increasing evidence establishes that the intense vasoconstriction of HF involves a dysfunctional NO/sGC/cGMP with evidence for excessive oxidized and heme free sGC rendering this important vasorelaxing system markedly impaired. We have demonstrated the novel NO-independent and heme-independent sGC stimulator BAY 58–2667 has potent systemic and renal vasodilating actions, unloads the heart, increases cardiac output and preserves GFR and sodium excretion. Unlike conventional nitrovasodilators BAY 58–2667 is a selective sGC activator that has no cGMP-independent actions and lacking tolerance represents a landmark breakthrough as a novel new agent for HF via NO/sGC/cGMP signalling. With regard to the complementary NP/pGC/cGMP pathway, both cardiac peptides ANP and BNP that target the pGC-A receptor have been developed for HF. Due in part to distinct spatial and temporal localization of sGC versus pGC receptors and signalling in the kidney, NP/pGC/cGMP signalling in the kidney more importantly regulates GFR and sodium excretion whereas the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway more importantly controls renal vascular tone. Here however the full renal actions of ANP and BNP are limited by upregulation of renal type V phosphodiesterase (PDEV) and dual targeting of pGC-A with BNP together with PDEV inhibition with sildenafil results in marked restoration of NP/pGC/cGMP activation resulting in enhanced GFR and sodium excretion together with PDEV inhibition suppressing ventricular hypertrophy. Recognizing the recent report of pGC-A receptor downregulation in the kidney and heart in HF, novel new generation chimeric peptides of CNP that possess additional renal actions are emerging as complementary cGMP strategy to enhance cardiovascular and renal function in the syndrome of HF. Finally, the concept of activating both pGC with a NP and sGC with BAY 58–2667 is also emerging to optimize cardiorenal function and enhance cardiovascular structure. Clearly, cGMP modulation is proving to be a seminal advance in the therapeutics of HF which is a cardiovascular syndrome with major unmet therapeutic needs. from 3rd International Conference on cGMP Generators, Effectors and Therapeutic Implications Dresden, Germany. 15–17 June 2007
Biological Resource Centers and Systems Biology

There are hundreds of biological resource centers (BRCs) around the world, holding many little-studied microorganisms. The proportion of bacterial strains that is well represented in the sequence and literature databases may be as low as 1%. This body of unexplored diversity represents an untapped source of useful strains and derived products. However, a modicum of phenotypic data is available for almost all the bacterial strains held by BRCs around the world. It is at the phenotypic level that our knowledge of the well-studied strains of bacteria and the many yet to be studied strains intersect. Thus, we might leverage the phenotypic data from the data-poor bacteria with the omics data from the data-rich bacteria, using our knowledge of their evolutionary relationships, to map the metabolic networks of the little-known bacteria. This systems biology–based approach is a new way to explore the diversity harbored in BRCs.
Development of a prototype resource optimizing, access delimited (ROAD) laboratory

This paper discusses the development of a prototype resource optimizing, access delimited (ROAD) laboratory for energy conversion, electric machines, power systems, and signal processing courses. The ROAD laboratory is a remote experimentation facility that combines hardware and software systems to provide clients (student users) unsupervised round-the-clock access into the energy conversion laboratory (host) through computer networks. The full development version of the software interface will offer engineering programs the option of setting up their laboratory as a local host, or enabling access to a remote host that might be equipped with hardware not available in the local laboratory. This new educational tool offers worldwide access to an energy conversion lab facility, provides an infrastructure for carrying out true collaborative learning, and serve as an ideal facility for performing machinery-related experiments in distance learning programs.
Lutein and zeaxanthin are associated with photoreceptors in the human retina.

PURPOSE. Previous studies showed that lutein and zeaxanthin, the major human retinal carotenoids, are concentrated in the macula. In this study, the carotenoids in human macular and peripheral retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) were analyzed. They were also determined in the rod outer segments (ROS) before and after removal of extrinsic membrane proteins. METHODS. Carotenoids were extracted from the macular and peripheral sections of human retina and RPE with hexane in dim light and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). ROS samples equivalent to the amount in a single retina were also analyzed. RESULTS. Retinal carotenoid amounts were similar to previous reports, but only low levels were detected in the RPE. Regional ratios of lutein:zeaxanthin were similar in the retina and RPE. Approximately 25% of the total retinal carotenoids were found in the ROS, indicating that a substantial portion of peripheral retinal carotenoids are present in the ROS. However, after removal of...
Pulse wave sensor for non-intrusive driver's drowsiness detection

This research proposes a PVDF film pulse wave sensor for use in driver's drowsiness detection. The sensor non-intrusively measures heart pulse wave from driver's palm and an adaptive filter is employed to cancel the measurement noise aroused by the changing of gripping force. Experimental results show clear pulse wave signals can be obtained. Two-hour driving simulation is performed for drowsiness detection tests. The low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF ratio) is calculated from power spectrum density (PSD) of subjects' heart rate time series. The LF/HF ratio shows decreasing trends as subjects go from awake to drowsy.
Compute intensity and the FFT

This paper describes how high compute intensity programming techniques combined with algorithms in the literature can result in efficient single- and multi-dimensional FFTs on large numbers of processors on the CRAY APP. The CRAY APP is a shared-memory parallel computer based on the Intel i860 microprocessor. It incorporates up to 84 i860s in an architecture which allows for very efficient gang scheduling and barrier synchronization. FFT performance figures for various data set sizes and processor configurations are included.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Lake Superior Fish

Proximate analysis and fatty acid composition of eight commercially important species of Lake Superior fish were determined. Palmitic acid (C16:0) was the predominant saturated fatty acid, accounting for 68–79% of total saturated acids. Oleic acid (C18:1) was the most abundant monounsaturated fatty acid. Linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic acid (C18:3), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6) were the predominant polyunsaturated fatty acids. Brining, smoking and refrigerated storage caused a reduction in total lipid, but only a small loss in n-3 fatty acids. The data revealed that most Lake Superior fish examined were excellent sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids with very high levels of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids.
Visual receptor cycle in normal and period mutant Drosophila: microspectrophotometry, electrophysiology, and ultrastructural morphometry

Visual pigment, sensitivity, and rhabdomere size were measured throughout a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle in Drosophila. Visual pigment and sensitivity were measured during subsequent constant darkness [dark/dark (D/D)]. MSP (microspectrophotometry) and the ERG (electroretinogram) revealed a cycling of visual pigment and sensitivity, respectively. A visual pigment decrease of 40% was noted at 4 h after light onset that recovered 2-4 h later in white-eyed (otherwise wild-type, w per+) flies. The ERG sensitivity [in w per+ flies in light/dark (L/D)] decreased by 75% at 4 h after light onset, more than expected if mediated by visual pigment (MSP) changes alone. ERG sensitivity begins decreasing 8 h before light onset while decreases in visual pigment begin 2 h after light onset. These cycles continue in constant darkness (D/D), suggesting a circadian rhythm. White-eyed period (per) mutants show similar cycles of visual pigment level and sensitivity in L/D; per's alterations, if any on the D/D cycles were subtle. The cross-sectional areas of rhabdomeres in w per+ were measured using electron micrographic (EM) morphometry. Area changed little through the L/D cycle.
Comparison of eMODIS and MOD/MYD13A2 NDVI products during 2012-2014 spring green-up periods in Alaska and northwest Canada

Abstract Accurate monitoring of vegetation dynamics is required to understand the inter-annual variability and long term trends in terrestrial carbon exchange in tundra and boreal ecoregions. In western North America, two Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI) products based on spectral reflectance data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are available. The MOD/MYD13A2 NDVI product is available as a 16-day composite product in a sinusoidal projection as global hdf tiles. The eMODIS Alaska NDVI product is available as a 7-day composite geotif product in a regional equal area conic projection covering Alaska and the entire Yukon River Basin. These two NDVI products were compared for the 2012–2014 late May–late June spring green-up periods in Alaska and the Yukon Territory. Relative to the MOD/MYD13A2 NDVI product, it is likely that the eMODIS NDVI product contained more cloud-contaminated NDVI values. For example, the MOD/MYD13A2 product flagged substantially fewer pixels as “good quality” in each 16-day composite period compared to the corresponding MODIS Alaska NDVI product from a 7-day composite period. During the spring green-up period, when field-based NDVI increases, the eMODIS NDVI product averaged 43 percent of pixels that declined by at least 0.05 NDVI between 2 composite periods, consistent with cloud-contamination problems, while the MOD/MYD13A2 NDVI averaged only 6 percent of pixels. Based on a cloudy Landsat-8 scene, the eMODIS compositing process selected 23 percent pixels, while the MOD/MYD13A2 compositing process selected less than 0.003 percent pixels. Based on the results, it appears that the MOD/MYD13A2 NDVI product is superior for scientific applications based on NDVI phenology in the tundra and boreal regions of northwestern North America.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder And Coping Among Career Professional Firefighters

This study explores the relationship between years of service for professional firefighters and the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Further, the study examines the specific coping mechanisms that the firefighters use to deal with the stress of their jobs. In order to assess the presence of PTSD symptoms, the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist—Civilian Version (PCL—CV) was employed, and the Brief COPE Survey was also used to assess the different types of coping strategies that were reported by firefighters. The subjects were 91 paid, career firefighters from two different communities in Upstate New York. Results clearly showed that firefighters who have more years of service also demonstrated a higher frequency of symptoms suggestive of PTSD. Further, results of the Brief COPE survey demonstrated that firefighters who have more years on the job tend to utilize more negative and inefficient coping approaches. The implications of these results and suggestions for helping fire departments deal with these issues are discussed.
The Backward Art of Investing Money

Each passing decade of new Wall Street experience, the statistical record shows, confirms rather than denies the verdict that few investors can beat the market. Yes, most investors and their advisors are irrationally inefficient, but this in no way guarantees investors can thereby profit from a micro-inefficient market. Economic history confirms that markets are much more macro-inefficient than they are micro-inefficient. Neither Wall Street nor its clients understand nuances of the time-horizon problem. And, if (when?) lobbyist-driven politics let us manage some of our own Social Security funds, the odds are a hundred-to-one that the retirement nest eggs we achieve will fall materially below what broad inexpensive indexing could deliver in terms of diversified risk-corrected total returns.
Aristotle’s Buddhism

Many of Aristotle’s theoretical terms, like ‘form’, ‘actuality ’, ‘substance’ and ‘cause ’, have the formal features of relations: they have correlatives, and statements about them have the conversion that Aristotle finds characteristic of relata . This is no accident: in this way Aristotle can treat, say, the form of an individual substance as if it were a being in its own right without the danger of relapsing into Platonism . Moreover, as substance alone does not have this co-dependence on its accidents, thereby it has primacy of being. Understand the ‘accidents’ here as ‘individual accidents ’, like ‘this-here whiteness’. This quality does not exist; rather its concrete paronym , ‘this-here white’ does, but only as a complex of the individual quality with the substance.
Genomic medicine and atrial fibrillation.

Recent developments and improved understanding in genomics (the interactions and functions of genes) have profoundly changed the perspective of researchers and medical practitioners toward diseases that had previously been associated with environmental factors alone [(1)][1]. It is now widely
Simulation of a cascaded longitudinal space charge amplifier for coherent radiation generation

Abstract Longitudinal space charge (LSC) effects are generally considered as harmful in free-electron lasers as they can seed unfavorable energy modulations that can result in density modulations with associated emittance dilution. This “micro-bunching instabilities” is naturally broadband and could possibly support the generation of coherent radiation over a broad region of the spectrum. Therefore there has been an increasing interest in devising accelerator beam lines capable of controlling LSC induced density modulations. In the present paper we refine these previous investigations by combining a grid-less space charge algorithm with the popular particle-tracking program elegant . This high-fidelity model of the space charge is used to benchmark conventional LSC models. We finally employ the developed model to investigate the performance of a cascaded LSC amplifier using beam parameters comparable to the ones achievable at Fermilab Accelerator Science & Technology (FAST) facility currently under commissioning at Fermilab.
The RFF Regulatory Performance Initiative: What Have We Learned?

Retrospective analysis of federal environmental regulation aims to rigorously document the extent to which key policy objectives have been attained and at what cost. This paper reports the results of nine new case studies involving a total of 34 cost or benefit/effectiveness comparisons from a highly diverse set of environmentally oriented rules. Despite limitations of the case study approach and the non-representative nature of the sample, the results suggest somewhat of a tendency to overestimate both costs and benefits/effectiveness of regulation. Recommendations for revisions to future policy and analysis include: estimation of cost savings and distributional impacts from emissions trading, approaches to new technology development, use of up-to-date baseline information, analysis of prescriptive congressional mandates, federally mandated programs implemented by states, heterogeneity of costs and benefits, and treatment of uncertainty in energy prices and other macro factors. Recommendations also consider enhancements to the federal role in future retrospective analyses.
Adaptive Hybrid Control for Rotationally Oscillating Drill (Ros-Drill©), Using a Low-Resolution Sensor

A novel hybrid (i.e., discrete/continuous) control system is studied on a cellular microinjector technology called the Ros-Drill© (Rotationally Oscillating Drill). Ros-Drill© is developed primarily for ICSI (Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection). It is an inexpensive set-up, which creates high-frequency rotational oscillations at the tip of an injection pipette tracking a harmonic motion profile. These rotational oscillations enable the pipette to drill into cell membranes with minimum biological damage. Such a motion control procedure presents no particular difficulty when it uses sufficiently precise motion sensors. However, size, costs and accessibility of technology on hardware components may severely constrain the sensory capabilities. Then the trajectory tracking is adversely affected. In this paper we handle such a practical case, and present a novel adaptive-hybrid control logic to overcome the hurdles. The control is implemented using a commonly available microcontroller and extremely low-resolution position measurements. First, the continuous control system is analyzed and designed. Then, an adaptive, robust and optimal PID (proportional-integral-derivative) control strategy is performed. We demonstrate via simulations and experiments that the tracking of the harmonic rotational motion is achieved with desirable fidelity.© 2011 ASME
Til Death or Divorce Do Us Depart: The Case for Aligning the Elective Share with Alimony Reform

The Uniform Probate Code elective share provision’s stated goal is to bring elective share law into line with the contemporary view of marriage as an economic partnership. It also, however, recognizes as an overarching purpose ensuring that the surviving spouse is not left without sufficient funds for support. This article argues that the UPC’s assumption that marriages eventually evolve into an economic partnership over a certain period does not necessarily achieve the intended goal of ensuring that the surviving spouse is self-sufficient. This failing of the UPC is due, in part, to the over-reliance on property distribution theories to achieve what is essentially a spousal support goal. This article proposes that, instead of using various property distribution theories to achieve these ends, the concept of alimony would provide a more solid and appropriate theoretical ground for effectively achieving the goal of self-support for surviving spouses. Under this approach, courts would look at the surviving spouse’s need and the estate’s ability to pay in cases where the surviving spouse feels as if his/her decedent spouse did not adequately provide for them after death. This article makes the case for shifting the elective share theory from that of property distribution to the notion of alimony. It re-examines the various approaches taken by the UPC since the fundamental revision of the elective share provision in 1990. It also discusses the goal of the provision of the elective share and queries whether the current iteration of the UPC or even the community-property version of the elective share provision actually achieves that goal. Finally the article proposes that the alimony construct may be a better solution. Given the recent resurgence in alimony reform for predictability, and the on going goal to align the UPC with family law, the time is ripe to examine the true goals of both of these policies.
Energy expenditure and conservation in frugivorous and mixed-diet carnivorans

Rate of metabolism and body temperature of eight species of mammals belonging to the order Carnivora were measured. Five of these species are both arboreal and frugivorous, each of which has a low basal rate of metabolism. These species reduce heat loss and rate of metabolism at low environmental temperatures without a reduction in core body temperature, probably through a reduction in peripheral circulation. Carnivorans that exclusively eat vertebrates have high basal rates and those that mix vertebrates in their diet with fruit (the tayra) or invertebrates (the falanoka) have intermediate basal rates. These data provide further evidence that basal rate in mammals is correlated with food habits independent of phylogeny. In arboreal species, a reduction in rate of metabolism at low environmental temperatures and in basal rate may be required to compensate for the use of foods characterized by a seasonal scarcity (fruit, invertebrates) or a low available nutritional content (fruit, leaves). Reductions in rate of metabolism are greatest in the largest species, which reflects the increase of total energy requirements with mass. These reductions also are associated in arboreal species with sedentary habits and small muscle masses. The combination of a small muscle mass with particular food habits may set basal rate of metabolism in arboreal species. The influences of body mass, food habits, and activity level on basal rate are difficult to separate because of factor interaction.
Nomenclatural Confusion in the Odonata; the Agrion-Calopteryx Problems

Tillyard (192G, p. 80, footnote) discussed the proper names for the groups (genus, family, etc.) of dragonflies based, eventually, upon Libellula virgo Linnaeus and L. puella L.: “It is unfortunate that the fine classical name Calopteryx, which was in general use unchallenged for three-quarters of a century has to be discarded by the Law of Priority, the type of the Linnean genus Agrion being the insect which had been known for all that time as Calopteryx virgo L. The new name required for the genus whose type had been known as Agrion puella L., was supplied by Kirby, viz.: Coenagrion, who also changed the family to Coenagrionidae, by analogy with the old form Agrionidae. The name Agrion, however, is derived from Greek agrias, wild, neuter Agrion, a wild thing, stem agri -, and hence the correct family names are Agriidae, Coenagriidae, Megapodagriidae, and the superfamily names Agrioidea and Coenagrioidea.”
Analysis on people receiving HIV voluntary counsel and test in Dongcheng district,Beijing

Objective To understand the demographic characteristics and HIV infection status of people receiving HIV voluntary counsel and test( VCT) in Dongcheng district,Beijing,and provide information for HIV / AIDS prevention and care. Methods Survey was conducted among people receiving HIV VCT from March 2010 to June 2013 in Dongcheng district. Results Among 1523 people surveyed,858 were males( 56. 34%),665 were females( 43. 66%),the male to female ratio was 1. 29 ∶ 1. The people aged 19 to 40 years accounted for 86. 28%; the unmarried accounted for74. 33% and the people with education level of ≥senior high school accounted for 75. 11%. Up to 80. 17% of them were in floating population. The main reason for receiving counsel was the experience of high risk sexual behaviors( 91. 33%). Among the people receiving HIV test,77( 74 males and 3 females aged 18-64 years) were positive( 5. 06%),in which 63 were MSM,12 had extramarital heterosexual behaviors and 1 was infected through sex with HIV infected spouse. Conclusion HIV transmission mainly occurred among MSM and the people receiving HIV counsel were mainly young and unmarried with the education level of ≥senior high school and most of them were in floating population. Therefore,behavior intervention should be strengthened among MSM and health education about AIDS prevention and control among young adults in floating population should be improved.
Lymphocyte traffic and the skin.

This article reviews the evidence that many of the same factors (such as cell-surface phenotype and recent stimulation and/or proliferation) that influence lymphocyte migration patterns and preferences into and within lymphoid organs also influence migration patterns into and within the skin. Recirculatory preferences into lymphoid organs such as the peripheral lymph nodes are mediated in large part by lymphocyte receptors which selectively recognize distinctive determinants differentially expressed on endothelial cells in different organ sites. A similar model in which endothelial cells in the skin share common determinants with peripheral lymph node endothelial cells has been developed to explain the migratory patterns and preferences of lymphocytes into the skin.
Extreme high temperature redox kinetics in ceria: exploration of the transition from gas-phase to material-kinetic limitations

The redox kinetics of undoped ceria (CeO_(2−δ)) are investigated by the electrical conductivity relaxation method in the oxygen partial pressure range of −4.3 ≤ log(pO_2/atm) ≤ −2.0 at 1400 °C. It is demonstrated that extremely large gas flow rates, relative to the mass of the oxide, are required in order to overcome gas phase limitations and access the material kinetic properties. Using these high flow rate conditions, the surface reaction rate constant k_(chem) is found to obey the correlation log(k_(chem)/cm s^(−1)) = (0.84 ± 0.02) × log(pO_2/atm) − (0.99 ± 0.05) and increases with oxygen partial pressure. This increase contrasts the known behavior of the dominant defect species, oxygen vacancies and free electrons, which decrease in concentration with increasing oxygen partial pressure. For the sample geometries employed, diffusion was too fast to be detected. At low gas flow rates, the relaxation process becomes limited by the capacity of the sweep gas to supply/remove oxygen to/from the oxide. An analytical expression is derived for the relaxation in the gas-phase limited regime, and the result reveals an exponential decay profile, identical in form to that known for a surface reaction limited process. Thus, measurements under varied gas flow rates are required to differentiate between surface reaction limited and gas flow limited behavior.
Autoimmune Liver Diseases: Autoimmune Hepatitis

Autoimmune hepatitis is characterized by autoantibodies, hypergammaglobulinemia, and interface hepatitis. Diagnostic criteria have been codified, and diagnostic scoring systems can support clinical judgment. Prednisone or prednisolone alone or in combination with azathioprine is the standard treatment. Budesonide in combination with azathioprine can be considered in treatment-naive individuals with mild non-cirrhotic disease or at risk for serious corticosteroid-induced complications. Treatment induces clinical, laboratory, and histological improvement in all but 7 % of patients, and the 5-year survival exceeds 90 % in most studies. Relapse occurs in 28–87 % after drug withdrawal, and treatment may be protracted. Drug withdrawal requires normalization of liver tests and liver tissue. Calcineurin inhibitors and mycophenolate mofetil have been used for corticosteroid-refractory disease or intolerance of the standard medications. Five-year survival after liver transplantation is 75–79 % in adults. Autoimmune hepatitis recurs after liver transplantation in 8–12 % after 1 year and 36–68 % after 5 years, and re-transplantation is necessary in 13–23 %.
Re-Framing Information Literacy for Social Justice

Currently in the United States, debate ranges over the purpose of higher education, and whether colleges should focus on job skills and preparing a workforce, or the extent to which they are responsible for developing citizens prepared to fully participate in a democratic society. The New ACRL Information Literacy Framework provides a conceptual approach to teaching and learning information literacy in higher education. The frames outline broad ideas and knowledge areas, many of which lend themselves to social justice interpretations, which could align with a socially responsible curriculum. This paper examines the development of the Framework and analyzes each frame from a social justice perspective, ending with a proposal for a new frame on information social justice.
Aperture Domain Model Image REconstruction (ADMIRE) for improved ultrasound imaging

In some patients, clinical ultrasound produces beautiful images, while in other patients the images are unusable. This wide variability in outcomes exists for all standard beamformers ranging from delay-and-sum to adaptive methods like the MVDR beamformer. We have demonstrated that a model based approach called Aperture Domain Model Image REconstruction (ADMIRE) consistently improves image quality. ADMIRE works by explicitly accounting for various types of clutter. The algorithmpreserves the quality of the best images and produces 10–20 dB improvements in low-quality images. Here we present results related to beamforming in the presence of multipath scattering—or reverberation-clutter. In the presence of this type of clutter canonical apodization methods fail to improve image quality, but by applying ADMIRE first the expected improvements from apodization can be restored.
Hydrozirconation of C C and C C and Hydrometallation by Other Metals

Hydrometallation, as represented by equation (1), is the addition of a metal–hydrogen bond across an unsaturated group to yield an alkyl metal intermediate or product. From the point of view of organic synthesis, the latter is of interest as a nonstabilized carbanion equivalent, suitable for addition to CX (see Volume 1, Part 1) or CC (Volume 4, Chapter 1.6) π-bonds, coupling reactions (Volume 3, Part 2), oxidation (Volume 7, Chapter 4.2) and other transformations; and hydrometallation is just an alternative route to these reagents. Although hydrometallation virtually always participates as a key step in the overall mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation (as well as related catalytic processes, such as hydroformylation), its major applications are not found in the realm of reductions, except for special cases such as stereo- and regio-specific isotopic labelling.
The sedimentation behavior and molecular weight of pancreatic carboxypeptidase.

SUMMARY Crystalline bovine pancreatic carboxypeptidase sediments as a homo- geneous substance in the ultracentrifuge. The average value for the sedimentation constant, S~Q,, is 3.07 f 0.15 X lO+s. From this and diffusion data, the molecular weight is 33,800. The crystalline enzyme frequently contains a contaminating globulin with ~!&p,~ = 9.0 X 10-13. This inactive substance is insoluble at low ionic strengths near neutrality and can be separated from carboxypeptidase. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Aigren, G., and Hammarsten, E., J. Physiol., 90, 330 (1937). 2. Putnam, F. W., and Neurath, H., J. Biol. Chem., 166, 603 (1946). 3. AIISO~, M. L., J. Gen. Physiol., 20, 663 (1937). 4. Neurath, H., Elkins, E., and Kaufman, S., J. Biol. Chem., 170, 221 (1947). 5. Smith, E. L., Brown, D. M., Fishman, J. B., and Wilhelmi, A. E., J. Biol. Chem., 177, 305 (1949). 6. Svedberg, T., and Pedersen, K. O., The ultracentrifuge, Oxford (1940). 7. Stahmann, M. A., Fruton, J. S., and Bergmann, M.,
Pressure effect on a tandem hollow cathode discharge in argon

The tandem hollow cathode discharge, formulated by arranging two discharges in series, is an important method used to increase the irradiance of a hollow cathode discharge. In this paper, based on a two-dimensional fluid model we studied a five-layer tandem hollow cathode discharge, with three hollow electrodes stacked together and separated by the insulators to obtain the configuration of anode/insulator/cathode/insulator/anode from the top to the bottom. In the model, the thickness of both electrodes and insulators is set at 1 cm and the diameter of the hollow cavity is 2 cm. The pressure effect on the discharge properties is investigated with gas pressure ranges from 100 Pa to 5 kPa. The gap voltage first decreases, reaching a minimum sustaining voltage at 1 kPa, and then increases. Based on the two-dimensional electron density distributions, the discharges parameters (including the electron density, ion density, electric potential, and electric field) of one integrated hollow cathode discharge at 1 kP...
Streaming Link Prediction on Dynamic Attributed Networks

Link prediction targets to predict the future node interactions mainly based on the current network snapshot. It is a key step in understanding the formation and evolution of the underlying networks; and has practical implications in many real-world applications, ranging from friendship recommendation, click through prediction to targeted advertising. Most existing efforts are devoted to plain networks and assume the availability of network structure in memory before link prediction takes place. However, this assumption is untenable as many real-world networks are affiliated with rich node attributes, and often, the network structure and node attributes are both dynamically evolving at an unprecedented rate. Even though recent studies show that node attributes have an added value to network structure for accurate link prediction, it still remains a daunting task to support link prediction in an online fashion on such dynamic attributed networks. As changes in the dynamic attributed networks are often transient and can be endless, link prediction algorithms need to be efficient by making only one pass of the data with limited memory overhead. To tackle these challenges, we study a novel problem of streaming link prediction on dynamic attributed networks and present a novel framework - SLIDE. Methodologically, SLIDE maintains and updates a low-rank sketching matrix to summarize all observed data, and we further leverage the sketching matrix to infer missing links on the fly. The whole procedure is theoretically guaranteed, and empirical experiments on real-world dynamic attributed networks validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework.
There's (still) plenty of room at the bottom

Motifs, circuits, and networks are core conceptual elements in modern systems and synthetic biology. While there are still undoubtedly more fascinating computations to discover at network level, there are also rich computations that we are only beginning to uncover within the diverse molecules that constitute the networks. Here we explore some work, both new and old, that showcases the incredible computational capacity of seemingly simple molecular mechanisms. A more sophisticated understanding of computations at the molecular level will inspire the development of a more nuanced toolbox for future biological engineering.
Understanding optimization processes of electronic health records (EHR) in select leading hospitals: a qualitative study

Background: Little is known about optimization of electronic health records (EHR) systems in the hospital setting while adoption of EHR systems continues in the United States. Objective: To understand optimization processes of EHR systems undertaken in leading healthcare organizations in the United States. Methods: Informed by grounded theory approach, a qualitative study was undertaken that involved 11 in-depth interviews and a focus group with the EHR experts from the high performing healthcare organizations across the United States. Results: The study describes EHR optimization processes characterized by prioritizing exponentially increasing requests with predominant focus on improving efficiency of EHR, building optimization teams or advisory groups, and standardization. The study discusses 16 types of optimization that interdependently produced 16 results along with identifying 11 barriers and 20 facilitators to optimization. Conclusion: The study describes overall experiences of optimizing electronic health records in select high performing healthcare organizations in the US. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing the EHR after, and even before, go-live and dedicating resources exclusively for optimization.
A note on regional voting power and budget allocation in the Brazilian Congress

A disputa polftica regional sobre o orcamento da Uniao e frequentemente citada como um dos empecilhos a efetivacao dos cortes fiscais necessarios a consolidacao de um efetivo plano de combate a inflacao brasileira. Este artigo analisa a representacao re­ gio:lal no Congresso Brasileiro e calcula indices de poder (o valor de Shapley e o indi­ ce de Banzhaf-Coleman) para as diferentes regioes brasileiras. Os resultados mostram que nao e obvio que a regiao nordestina e sobre-representada contrariamente a crenca popular.· l./ntroduction; 2. Tire regional question: income, tax revenues anti expenditures; 3. Tire Slulp/ey vaJue anti tire Banzlulf·Coleman index,' 4. Results; 5. Conclusion.
Hypergesture Homology for Performance Stemmata with Lie Operators

Mathematical performance theory [1] uses a model of performative unfolding that is based on “sexual propagation” of successive performance refinements. It is formally described by a tree-shaped diagram, the performance stemma, starting at the primary “mother” performance that ramifies to a series of “daughter” performances. This propagation mechanism is induced by a series of performance operators stemming from the composition’s music analysis. In this paper we refine such networks to performance hypergestures whose curves represent continuous transitions from mother to daughter performances. This level of description uses the theory of Lie-type performance operators and enables a detailed analysis of different performative transition strategies. We then calculate the singular performance hypergesture homology H 1 and discuss its significance for the classification of transitional strategies.
A Multidimensional Multivariate Image Evaluation Tool

Our current research focus is on the representation and visualization of multidimensional multivariate (mDmV) data. We are developing a visualization evaluation tool, whose primary goal is to provide an environment for visualization researchers to evaluate human responses to different computer generated visual images. It has the ability to create mDmV data with embedded stimuli, and display them in a variety of ways including icons. In addition, statistical analysis functions are provided for visualization researchers to study relationships among variates.
Self-Intimation, Infallibility, and Higher-Order Evidence

The Self-Intimation thesis has it that whatever justificatory status a proposition has, i.e., whether or not we are justified in believing it, we are justified in believing that it has that status. The Infallibility thesis has it that whatever justificatory status we are justified in believing that a proposition has, the proposition in fact has that status. Jointly, Self-Intimation and Infallibility imply that the justificatory status of a proposition (bottom-level justification) closely aligns with the justification we have about that justificatory status (top-level justification). Self-Intimation has two noteworthy implications. First, assuming that we never have sufficient justification for a proposition and for its negation, we can derive Infallibility from Self-Intimation. Interestingly, there seems to be no equivalently simple way to derive Self-Intimation from Infallibility. This asymmetry provides reason for thinking that bottom-level justification rather than top-level justification drives the explanation for why the levels of justification align. Second, Self-Intimation suggests a counterintuitive treatment of information concerning what justificatory status a proposition has (higher-order evidence). It follows from Self-Intimation that we always have justification for the truth about whether a proposition is justified for us, and therefore, that higher-order evidence could change what we should believe on this matter only by misleading us. This permits forming beliefs about whether a proposition is justified for us without regard to higher-order evidence, and thus reveals a reason for thinking that top-level justification is evidentially inert.
Abstract WMP38: Acute Administration of Chlorpromazine and Promethazine Reduces Brain Apoptosis in Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: In recent studies conducted by our lab, acute administration of chlorpromazine and promethazine (C+P) in ischemic stroke has been shown, through the induction of a metabolically-slowed, hibernation-like state, to reduce infarct size and neurological deficit, and thus to exert a neuroprotective effect on infracted subjects. Although its mechanism has not been fully elucidated, this effect is associated with alterations in the expression of protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ) and Akt. Because PKC-δ and Akt are also known to be involved in the regulation of apoptotic cell death after ischemic stroke, we hypothesized that treatment with C+P would result in reductions in post-ischemic apoptosis. Additionally, because the neuroprotective effect of C+P is associated with reductions in NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression and activity, and because of the involvement of NOX in the PKC-Akt apoptotic pathway, we hypothesized that adding a NOX inhibitor would potentiate the anti-apoptotic effect of C+P. Methods: 8mg/k...