cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SYNTHESIZING AN MDO ARCHITECTURE IN CAD

This paper presents an approach to multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) that uses computer aided design (CAD) as both a way to integrate computational tools and as a novel way of formulating the optimization problem. CAD typically forms the final step in a design process, as a repository of the final design and a precursor to manufacturing . The present methodology moves the CAD model instantiation to the beginning of the design process, where it forms the common base for all follow-on a nalyses and other engineering tasks. The proper methods for constructing the model and software to use the model for analysis are presented. Using this approach, a large reduction in the duplication of effort is achieved, together with the ability to arrive at physical solutions to the design problem incorporating knowledge acquired from previous projects. The use of a single CAD definition greatly enhances MDO tasks by maintaining consistency between models and providing a visualization tool. A validation of this approach is also presented, applied to the design of a wind turbine for power production.
Human motion from active contours

We describe an approach for extracting three-dimensional articulated motion from unrestricted monocular video sequences. We combine feature extraction methods based on active contours with interactive adjustment. An articulated model is interactively aligned with the image in selected anchor frames. Active contour points are anchored to model segments in these frames. Occluded points are detected using object geometry and do not participate in edge tracking. Model joints are automatically adjusted in other frames to align with active contour points. The combination of interactive and automatic adjustment allows extraction of arbitrarily complex movements.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Video Fluorometry. Part I. Instrumentation.

Abstract : A rapid scanning, two-dimensional fluorometer has been used to obtain Emission-Excitation Matrices (EEMs) of the effluent of an HPLC. These spectra, obtained 'on the fly,' provide qualitative as well as quantitative information about unknown samples. An in-depth discussion of the instrumentation developed as well as data processing alternatives is presented. Current detectors for HPLC have certain limitations in the ability to completely characterize the column effluent during the separation of a complex sample. These limitations result, chiefly, from a lack of selectivity in the detectors used. One such example is the refractive index (RI) detector which monitors the change in a bulk property of the effluent, the refractive index. Even absorption and fluorescence detectors which use a single monitoring wavelength are typically more selective and sensitive than RI detectors. Still, the multicomponent capabilities of these devices are severely limited. More selective detection schemes have been developed. These employ atomic absorption and electrochemical techniques to selectively analyze components. Advanced, scanning absorption and fluorescence detectors have improved multicomponent capabilities.
Solid-Matrix Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Detection and Characterization of Benzo[a]pyrene–DNA Adducts with Whatman No. 1 and Whatman 1PS Filter Paper:

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a potential carcinogen and mutagen, and it has been studied very extensively. In humans, B[a]P can be metabolized and becomes chemically bonded to DNA. A variety of methods are needed for the characterization of B[a]P-DNA adducts because of the structural complexity of the adducts. In this work, several solid-matrix luminescence methods were developed for the characterization of the B[a]P-DNA adducts. Both solid-matrix fluorescence and solid-matrix phosphorescence could be obtained from the adducts on Whatman No. 1 and Whatman 1PS filter paper at nanogram levels. Thallium nitrate proved to be an effective heavy atom in enhancing the solid-matrix phosphorescence of the adducts. By selective excitation of the phosphorescence of the adducts, it was possible to excite different forms of the adducts. With moisture quenching of the solid-matrix phosphorescence of the B[a]P-DNA adducts, it was feasible to selectively detect quasi-intercalated adducts. With Whatman 1PS filter paper, a unique method was developed for the solid-matrix fluorescence detection of adducts externally bound to DNA by the hydrophobic interaction of the adducts with the 1PS paper.
Of Tennis, Persons and Politics

C'est dans le contexte de la perception de Weil, de la philosophie et de la connaissance comme affaires d'action et de pratique que l'A. vise a demontrer les elements cles de sa conception de la personne humaine et sa philosophie politique
Transmuting coprocessors: dynamic loading of FPGA coprocessors

Field-programmable gates arrays (FPGAs) are increasingly used in general-purpose computing platforms to augment microprocessors, enabling runtime loading of coprocessors customized to speed up some applications. Such transmuting coprocessors create new dynamic management problems involving decisions as to when to load a coprocessor, where to place the coprocessor in the FPGA, or which resident coprocessor to replace. We define a transmuting coprocessor problem based on Intel's FSB-FPGA architecture, with attention on communication and memory contention. We develop an online algorithm to manage coprocessor loading, the AG algorithm, which uses aggregated gains to guide coprocessor load, placement, replacement, and wait decisions. Experiments using embedded system applications, for random, biased, and periodic input application sequences, a range of reconfiguration times, and different FPGA types with different numbers of partial reconfigurable regions, demonstrate that the AG algorithm is robust across a variety of situations. The AG algorithm results are within 15% of an unlimited-size FPGA on average, exhibit a small standard deviation, and show a 1.4× speedup versus a static coprocessor loading approach and a 3× speedup over execution on a microprocessor-only solution.
Diffraction of a convex cylinder

The leading term in the asymptotic expansion for large k = 2 \pi/\lambda , of the fields reflected and diffracted by any convex cylinder are constructed. The cross section of the cylinder is assumed to be a smooth curve which may be either closed or open and extending to infinity. The method employed is an extension of geometrical optics in two respects. First, diffracted rays are introduced. Secondly, fields are associated with the rays in a simple way. The results are applicable when the wavelength is small compared to the cylinder dimensions.
A characterization of infinite planar primitive graphs

It is shown that the automorphism group of an infinite, locally finite, planar graph acts primitively on its vertex set if and only if the graph has connectivity 1 and, for some integer m ≥ 2, every vertex is incident with exactly m lobes, all of which are finite. Specifically, either all of the lobes are isomorphic to K4 or all are circuits of length p for some odd prime p.
Exercise and the Elderly: A Scientific Rationale for Exercise Prescription

•� Objective: T o review the benefits of exercise inter­ vention in older persons and the role of exercise in the prevention and treatment of chronic disease. •� Methods: Qualitative assessment of the literature focusing on randomized controlled trials. •� Results: Participation in regular physical activity, in­ cluding aerobic exercise and strength training, can improve health, functional ability, and quality of life in older persons. Higher levels of aerobic activity are associated with increased physical fitness, de­ creased total mortality, and improvements in cardio­ vascular risk profile. Resistance training combats myopathy and osteopenia and increases muscle endurance and function. Additional benefits from exercise include improved bone health and im­ proved postural stability. Starting an exercise pro­ gram in later life can significantly modify risk factors for morbidity and mortality even if a person has been sedentary in prior years. •� Conclusion: Physical activity should be encouraged in healthy seniors and should be considered a prima­ ry or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of chronic diseases associated with aging. Physicians can play a major role in communicating the benefits of exer­ cise and encouraging physical activity in their patients.
Contested Diaspora: A Century of Zionist and Anti-Zionist Rhetorics in America

This article explores the writings of four prominent Jewish American thinkers, propounding conflicting Zionist and anti-Zionist perspectives, from two different eras. Rhetorics invoked by both generations complicate the notion of a “homeland” and a teleology of return. Throughout, we take a critical approach to discourse analysis, seeing language use as a form of social practice. In the end, we argue that over much of the past century, the continuing contestation between Zionist and anti-Zionist thought, framed as it is in the Middle East, nonetheless has discursively constructed an American identity as a response to Diaspora. The article echoes themes found throughout this special issue, including the role of a “homeland” in the linguistic construction of complex, nonstatic diasporic identities as well as language shift, and the symbolic/performative role of language in identity construction.
High harmonic spectral minimum and phase in Argon and nitrogen

Measurements of the high harmonic amplitude and phase in Argon and N2 display amplitude and phase modulations which can be related to a Cooper minimum in Argon and recombination interference in N2.
Risk of bias: a simulation study of power to detect study-level moderator effects in meta-analysis.

Background: There are both theoretical and empirical reasons to believe that design and execution factors are associated with bias in controlled trials. Statistically significant moderator effects, such as the effect of trial quality on treatment effect sizes, are rarely detected in individual meta-analyses, and evidence from meta-epidemiological datasets is inconsistent. The reasons for the disconnect between theory and empirical observation are unclear. The study objective was to explore the power to detect study level moderator effects in meta-analyses. Methods: We generated meta-analyses using Monte-Carlo simulations and investigated the effect of number of trials, trial sample size, moderator effect size, heterogeneity, and moderator distribution on power to detect moderator effects. The simulations provide a reference guide for investigators to estimate power when planning meta-regressions. Results: The power to detect moderator effects in meta-analyses, for example, effects of study quality on effect sizes, is largely determined by the degree of residual heterogeneity present in the dataset (noise not explained by the moderator). Larger trial sample sizes increase power only when residual heterogeneity is low. A large number of trials or low residual heterogeneity are necessary to detect effects. When the proportion of the moderator is not equal (for example, 25% ‘high quality’, 75% ‘low quality’ trials), power of 80% was rarely achieved in investigated scenarios. Application to an empirical meta-epidemiological dataset with substantial heterogeneity (I 2 = 92%, τ 2 = 0.285) estimated >200 trials are needed for a power of 80% to show a statistically significant result, even for a substantial moderator effect (0.2), and the number of trials with the less common feature (for example, few ‘high quality’ studies) affects power extensively. Conclusions: Although study characteristics, such as trial quality, may explain some proportion of heterogeneity across study results in meta-analyses, residual heterogeneity is a crucial factor in determining when associations between moderator variables and effect sizes can be statistically detected. Detecting moderator effects requires more powerful analyses than are employed in most published investigations; hence negative findings should not be considered evidence of a lack of effect, and investigations are not hypothesis-proving unless power calculations show sufficient ability to detect effects.
String dictionary structure for Markov arithmetic encoding

Data from statistically unknown sources is generally difficult to compress with significant ratios. The compression scheme should have the ability to gather context information of the source in an adaptive manner. Arithmetic coding has that capability and can be made to outperform many other compression schemes known. The sliding dictionary, on the other hand, is a compression algorithm which is best suitable for hardware implementation on systolic-array parallel processors, but due to the statistical properties of its information context, it results in inferior compression ratios. A string dictionary structure is proposed that combines the advantages of both algorithms, offering the possibility of hardware implementation on VLSI, avoidance of encoding almost random information, and encoding with arithmetic codes. >
Gender, Class, and the Social Order in Late Elizabethan Drama

Social historians of Tudor and Stuart England have described a notable social mobility during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, a mobility of which contemporary Englishmen, such as William Harrison and Thomas Smith, were deeply aware.' During this period of particularly intense economic and demographic change, social movement went in both directions, downwards as well as upwards, leading to unrest and conflict in the social order. Precisely because this movement was particularly apparent and significant between the gentry and the rest of the society, making distinctions between the two became of pressing importance. While largely agreeing on the prevalence of mobility between classes, historians of this period-both contemporary and modern-appear less able to agree about relations between genders.
Pressure Pulses and Cavity Mode Resonances

Theory predicts that abrupt variations in the solar wind dynamic pressure trigger widespread compressional cavity mode resonances within the magnetosphere. We inspect solar wind and magnetospheric observations at the times of previously reported events seen in ground magnetograms. We find evidence for abrupt solar wind pressure variations in the form of direct observations of solar wind dynamic pressure, motion of the bow shock, or fluctuations in the location of the foreshock. We also find evidence for widespread compressions of the magnetospheric magnetic field in observations by geosynchronous spacecraft. However, in contrast to the predictions of the model for an abrupt increase in wave activity followed by a gradual decay, we find that the periodicity seen in previously reported events occurs primarily in response to repeated impulsive excitations. If cavity mode resonances are present, they dissipate very rapidly within two cycles.
Mechanism of Neuronal Death in Alzheimer’s Disease

Human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) transgenic mice with cerebral amyloid βprotein (Aβ) deposition have been used to model several of pathophysiological processes implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), namely age related amyloid deposition in cortical and limbic regions, amyloid associated gliosis, neuritic changes, and behavioral deficits.1–5 Two features have not been well represented in hAPP transgenic mice. Despite phospho-tau epitopes present in the periphery of fibrillar amyloid deposits, neurofibrillary tangles do not form. More notable, however, is the absence of the degree of neuronal death seen in AD, where up to 50% of neurons are lost in CA 1 and entorhinal cortex.6–10 This chapter will develop the idea that a subset of amyloid deposits in hAPP transgenic mice is focally toxic to neurons. Since the primary toxic effects in these mice appear to be mediated by amyloid deposition, the second part of the chapter will review how amyloid deposition can be modulated in hAPP transgenic mice. The mice we have studied are detailed in Table 1.1, 2, 11–16
Scaling of conformal blocks and generalized theta functions over $$\overline{\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}$$

By way of intersection theory on \(\overline{\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}\), we show that geometric interpretations for conformal blocks, as sections of ample line bundles over projective varieties, do not have to hold at points on the boundary. We show such a translation would imply certain recursion relations for first Chern classes of these bundles. While recursions can fail, geometric interpretations are shown to hold under certain conditions.
Crisis Management and Context

Successful management of critical situations created by major natural and man-made activities requires monitoring, recognizing, fusing, and making sense of these activities in order to support decision makers in either preventing a crisis or acting effectively to mitigate its adverse impact. Context plays an important role in crisis management since it provides decision makers with important knowledge about current situations and situation dynamics in relation to their goals, functions, and information needs, to enable them to appropriately adapt their decisions and actions. Efficient context exploitation for crisis management requires a clear understanding of what context is, how to represent it and use it. The chapter provides a brief discussion of the key issues of the problem of context definition, representation, discovery, and utilization in crisis management.
ROBUST SPACECRAFT ATTITUDE CONTROL USING MODEL-ERROR CONTROL SYNTHESIS

Model-error control synthesis is a nonlinear robust control approach that uses an approximate recedinghorizon estimation algorithm to cancel the efiects of modelling errors and external disturbances on a system. In this paper the state prediction equations in the approximate receding-horizon algorithm are modifled so that the solution provides better performance than the original approach. To verify the results the new approach is applied to the spacecraft attitude control problem with attitude-angle measurements only, i.e., without any angular-velocity measurements. Also, an optimal design scheme is presented to determine the weighting factor and receding-horizon time-length. In addition the closed-loop system is shown to be globally quadratically stable for a norm bounded nonlinear uncertainty. Simulation results are provided to show the performance of the new control approach.
Differential Equations and Analytic Geometry

(1985). Differential Equations and Analytic Geometry. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 233-236.
Designing Natural-Tooth-Shaped Dental Implants based on Soft-Kill Option Optimization

AbstractThis paper presents the refinement and optimization of three-dimensional (3D) dental implants with the complex root shapes of natural teeth. These root shapes are too complex to be drilled manually like current commercial implants and so are designed to be conducive to robotic drilling utilizing milling algorithms. Due to the existence of sharp curvatures and undercuts, anatomically correct models must be refined for 3D robotic milling and these refined shapes must be shown to be optimized for load bearing. Refinement of the anatomically-correct natural tooth-shaped models for robotic milling was accomplished using Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) tools for smoothing the sharp curvatures and undercuts. The load bearing optimization algorithm is based on the Soft-Kill Option (SKO) method, and the geometries are represented using non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curves and surfaces. Based on these methods, we present optimized single and double root-shaped dental implants for use with robotic site p...
DENSITY MATTERS: THE UNION DENSITY BIAS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR LABOR MOVEMENT REVITALIZATION

After more than a decade of analyzing efforts to revitalize the U.S. labor movement, many have concluded that organized labor must become a movement again. Nevertheless, most analyses remain based on the traditional view that labor power is derived solely from the portion of the labor market that is unionized. This fact is illustrated by the continued use of union density as the primary means of assessing labor movement strength. This article examines this "density bias" and ways that it constrains analyses of labor revitalization-obscuring alternative sources of movement power, excluding community based labor organizations, and oversimplifying assessments of organizing processes. The article highlights the need for a critical assessment of conventional wisdom in labor studies and argues that treating labor as a social movement may generate new research questions and move theorizing in promising new directions.
Head tilt in horses

Head tilt in the horse is commonly a sign of either central or peripheral vestibular disease. The confirmation of vestibular disease is based on physical findings, including results of cranial-nerve function evaluation and observation of stance, posture, and gait. Further localization is made by ancillary tests such as cerebral spinal fluid analysis, electrodiagnostic testing, and radiography. The normal anatomy and physiology of the vestibular system, the abnormal clinical signs demonstrated during physical examination, and the various etiologies are discussed.
Lamb Production and its Components in Pure Breeds and Composite Lines. I. Seasonal and Other Environmental Effects

Season of lambing and other environmental effects on ewe performance were analyzed for purebred Finnsheep (F), Rambouillet (R), Dorset (D), Targhee (T) and Suffolk (S) and the generations of crosses in development of two maternal composite lines (1/2F1/4R1/4D) and (1/2F1/4T1/4S) in accelerated (January, May and September) or annual April lambing. The data involved 10,959 ewe breeding season records for 4,219 ewes of 412 sire families over 4 yr. Various measures of ewe productivity and its components (fertility, litter size, neonatal and preweaning survival and weaning weight) were analyzed. Fertility was higher for annual April than for accelerated May or January lambing and was sharply lower for September lambing. Fertility of F and F-cross ewes was significantly higher for May and lower for January lambings relative to R and D ewes. Litter size also was higher in annual April (1.9) than in January (1.8) or May (1.7) and September (1.4). Neonatal and preweaning survival was higher in September when litter size was smaller. Mean weaning weights were depressed in the larger April and May litters. Thus, weight of lambs weaned/ewe exposed was higher for annual April than for May and January lambing and was very low for September lambing. Hormone treatment of ewes for September lambing increased fertility from 16 to 44% and litter size from 1.6 to 1.8. Short lambing interval (8 mo vs 12+ mo) reduced mean ewe fertility by five percentage points, and most for the January lambing of Finnsheep ewes.
Noncontact Measurement of Marine Biofouling Roughness

The energy loss caused by biofouling is costing the marine operations millions of dollars because of lack of complete understanding of their roughness characteristics. Marine biofouling roughness is generally randomly distributed in space, and also varies in shape and texture. The common practice in hydrodynamic analysis is to ignore the details and express them simply by means of a representative length scale dimension. However, many recent studies have shown that this is not a satisfactory approach, particularly when the roughness height is large. The present research aims to develop a better measure of biofouling roughness by using an innovative image analysis technique to model and predict the related hydrodynamic phenomena. The proposed technique employs a combination of stochastic and triangulation techniques that are commonly used in image analysis. An overview of these techniques for surface topography measurement is provided. The present method uses two images of the surface, one from back lighting to spatially locate the roughness peaks and the second from side lighting to determine the height information at each corresponding spatial location. Thus, a three-dimensional surface roughness distribution can be obtained. Results of some experiments on layers of taped surface and barnacle-laden surface suggests that this method can be used to measure flexible roughness height to within 10% accuracy, with possible improvement with a better lighting and camera resolution.
Reptilian exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and associated effects.

Reptiles are an underrepresented taxon in ecotoxicological literature, and the means by which toxicants play a role in population declines are only partially understood. Among the contaminants of interest for reptiles are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of organic compounds that is already a concern for numerous other taxa. The objectives of the present review are to summarize the existing literature on reptilian exposure to PAHs and synthesize general conclusions, to identify knowledge gaps within this niche of research, and to suggest future directions for research. Results confirm a relative scarcity of information on reptilian exposure to PAHs, although research continues to grow, particularly after significant contamination events. The orders Testudines and Squamata are better represented than the orders Crocodilia and Rhynchocephalia. For the taxonomic orders with relevant literature (all but Rhynchocephalia), some species are more frequently represented than others. Few studies establish solid cause-effect relationships after reptilian exposure to PAHs, and many more studies are suggestive of effect or increased risk of effect. Despite the scarcity of information in this area, researchers have already employed a wide variety of approaches to address PAH-related questions for reptiles, including molecular techniques, modeling, and field surveys. As more research is completed, a thoughtful interpretation of available and emerging data is necessary to make the most effective use of this information. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:25–35. © 2016 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
An anthropologist in parallel structure

The essay examines the parallels between Mole Liston’s studies on labor and precarity in Italy and the United States’ anthropology job market. Probing the way economic shift reshaped the field of anthropology of Europe in the late 2000s, the piece explores how the neoliberalization of the American academy increased the value in studying the hardships and daily lives of non-western populations in Europe.
The Modern Cochlear Implant: A Triumph of Biomedical Engineering and the First Substantial Restoration of Human Sense Using a Medical Intervention

Even as recently as the mid-1980s, many experts in otology and auditory science thought that restoration of useful hearing with crude and pervasive electrical stimulation of the cochlea was a fool's dream. The esteemed Prof. Rainer Klinke from Frankfurt (Figure 1) was among the chorus of critics, asserting in 1978 that "from a physiological point of view, cochlear implants will not work." Many others made similar categorical statements.
Mass and Mixing Angles of the τ Neutrino

We examine the possibility that the $\ensuremath{\tau}$ neutrino is sufficiently massive to require it to be unstable (${m}_{{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}50$ eV). A combination of experimental and astrophysical bounds requires a mass greater than 10 MeV. For larger masses, we bracket the lifetime and decay modes of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$, and we give concomitant limits on the leptonic mixing angles.
Black Feminist Thought in Early Childhood Studies: (Re)Centering Marginalized Feminist Perspectives

Early childhood as a field, historically, has been informed by the perspectives of white men from the global north (Burman 1994). This has resulted in the universalization of development discourses, producing rigid constructions of childhood/s, and Othering those who do not fit into dominant identity constructs. The reconceptualist movement has been instrumental in uncovering regulatory discourses and opening spaces to reimagine and rethink childhood/s (Bloch et al. 2014). Still absent, however, in early childhood studies are the perspectives of women of color. As such, this chapter calls for a more prominent presence of theories from the margins like Black feminist thought (Collins 2008). Specific examples are shared that illustrate how Black feminist thought can provoke the telling of lived experiences, unveil social and systemic power hierarchies in both methodological approaches and in teacher education, and inspire activism. The chapter concludes with a discussion on why Black feminist thought is essential to the field.
Creativity and Mood Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis:

Although the belief that creativity is related to psychopathology is prevalent, empirical evidence is limited. Research findings relating to mood disorder in particular are mixed, possibly as a result of differing research approaches (e.g., assessing the creativity of individuals with versus without mood disorder opposed to the prevalence of mood disorder in creative versus noncreative individuals). Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate prior research examining the link between mood disorder and creativity from three distinct research approaches. Multilevel random effects models were used to calculate the overall effect size for studies that assessed (a) creativity in a clinical versus nonclinical sample ( k = 13), (b) mood disorder in a creative versus noncreative sample ( k = 10), and (c) the correlation between dimensional measures of creativity and mood disorder symptoms ( k = 15). Potential moderators were examined using meta-regression and subgroup analyses, as significant heterogeneity was detected among the effects in all three analyses. Results reveal a differential strength and pattern of effects across the three analyses, suggesting that the relationship between creativity and mood disorder differs according to the research approach. The theoretical implications of results and potential mechanisms responsible for the relationship between creativity and mood disorder are discussed.
The Trajectory from Mood to Obesity.

To describe and explain the relationships between mood disturbances and the development of obesity. That depression, anxiety, PTSD, or severe stresses can promote obesity as a side-effect of the drugs used to treat them, or through “carbohydrate craving” to enhance brain serotonin synthesis and alleviate dysphoria by consuming foods that are rich in both carbohydrates and fats. That seasonal affective disorder and severe PMS can independently cause patients to overconsume foods rich in both carbohydrates and fats. The obesity caused by drugs or mood disorders associated with “carbohydrate craving” leading to excess calorie intake can be suppressed by dietary measures.
Behavioral and Neural Mechanisms for Memory in Social Contexts

Much of the information we retain and use in our daily life pertains to how we interact with the world around us, including the social environment. Social influences on memory include information that is social in content, such as for impressions or social cues, or for information that is transmitted through social interactions, such as a group working together to remember the plot of a movie. Social neuroscience research has established that distinct neural regions falling along the cortical midline, including the medial prefrontal cortex, respond to social information and predict subsequent memory performance. In this chapter three areas of social influence on memory are reviewed, in addition to the subsequent neural regions involved: the self-reference effect, impression formation, and collaborative memory. Because aging influences the efficiency and functionality of memory systems, these changes can also affect the ways in which social information is prioritized and remembered. This has important implications for memory strategies in older adults and is also addressed in the present chapter.
Improving Arabic Dependency Parsing with Lexical and Inflectional Morphological Features

We explore the contribution of different lexical and inflectional morphological features to dependency parsing of Arabic, a morphologically rich language. We experiment with all leading POS tagsets for Arabic, and introduce a few new sets. We show that training the parser using a simple regular expressive extension of an impoverished POS tagset with high prediction accuracy does better than using a highly informative POS tagset with only medium prediction accuracy, although the latter performs best on gold input. Using controlled experiments, we find that definiteness (or determiner presence), the so-called phi-features (person, number, gender), and undi-acritzed lemma are most helpful for Arabic parsing on predicted input, while case and state are most helpful on gold.
Systemic IGF-1 gene delivery by rAAV9 improves spontaneous autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy (SAPP)

Spontaneous autoimmune peripheral polyneuropathy (SAPP) is a mouse model of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice null for costimulatory molecule, B7-2 gene (B7-2−/−). SAPP is a chronic progressive and multifocal inflammatory and demyelinating polyneuropathy of spontaneous onset with secondary axonal degeneration. Insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) is a pleiotropic factor with neuroprotective, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory effects with extensive experience in its preclinical and clinical use. Systemic delivery of recombinant adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (rAAV9) provides robust and widespread gene transfer to central and peripheral nervous systems making it suitable for gene delivery in neurological diseases. A significant proportion of patients with inflammatory neuropathies like CIDP do not respond to current clinical therapies and there is a need for new treatments. In this study, we examined the efficacy IGF-1 gene therapy by systemic delivery with rAAV9 in SAPP model. The rAAV9 construct also contained a reporter gene to monitor the surrogate expression of IGF-1. We found significant improvement in neuropathic disease after systemic delivery of rAAV9/IGF-1 gene at presymptomatic and symptomatic stages of SAPP model. These findings support that IGF-1 treatment (including gene therapy) is a viable therapeutic option in immune neuropathies such as CIDP.
Toward predictable repair of regurgitant aortic valves: a systematic morphology-directed approach to bicommissural repair.

Toward Predictable Repair of Regurgitant Aortic Valves: A Systematic Morphology-Directed Approach to Bicommissural RepairGosta B. Pettersson, Adrian C. Crucean, Robert Savage, Carmel M. Halley, Ric...
Failure analysis of stainless steel at elevated temperatures

In this paper, particular emphasis has been put on gathering information on the phenomena that take place at the crack tip of a crack propagating at 1100°F. Since the experimental program was directed toward studying crack propagation in tubing, the tests were conducted on rings. From the experimentally obtained data and from the correlation with the theoretically predicted values, the following picture emerges for the fracture behavior with full plasticity present. There is a region surrounding the crack tip where very large plastic deformations take place. This region is surrounded by a much larger region where the loading is nearly proportional and the behavior can be predicted well by the results of the deformation theory of plasticity and the theory of singularity fields. As the crack propagation initiates, there is a drastic change in the crack-tip configuration. The crack tip does not blunt and a fairly sharp crack-tip region is observed. The crack tip carries a large deformation field of a far more localized nature than that observed at the initiation of the crack growth.
Verifying Web Browser Extensions’ Compliance with Private-Browsing Mode

Modern web browsers implement a private browsing mode that is intended to leave behind no traces of a user’s browsing activity on their computer. This feature is in direct tension with support for extensions, which can silently void this guarantee.
A cytokine duet regulates inflammatory bowel disease

Inhibition of IL-17F, but not IL-17A, promotes microbiota-mediated regulatory T cell generation in the colon and ameliorates intestinal inflammation in mice.
Computational modeling of proton acceleration with multi-picosecond and high energy, kilojoule, lasers

We use computational modeling to investigate proton beam generation from kilojoule, multi-picosecond laser pulses pertinent to several recently commissioned, large-scale laser facilities. The dependencies of proton acceleration on electron source parameters including pulse duration, temperature, and flux are independently and systematically evaluated. Proton acceleration is found to depend not only on the source size and peak temperature of the injected electrons but also on the rate of increase for a more physical time-varying temperature. Simulations of a 10 ps, sub-relativistic intensity (8 × 1017 W/cm2) at 1 μm wavelength laser pulse show that energetic electrons generated within the expanding under-dense laser-produced plasma sustain the proton acceleration for ∼20 ps. This results in 15 MeV energy gain of the protons, well above what would be predicted based on conventional intensity scalings or what has been observed with shorter pulses. Using this prolonged acceleration, a scheme consisting of a 1 ps and 10 ps double pulse is shown to further boost proton maximum energy.
Systematic mapping of BCL-2 gene dependencies in cancer reveals molecular determinants of BH3 mimetic sensitivity

While inhibitors of BCL-2 family proteins (BH3 mimetics) have shown promise as anti-cancer agents, the various dependencies or co-dependencies of diverse cancers on BCL-2 genes remain poorly understood. Here we develop a drug screening approach to define the sensitivity of cancer cells from ten tissue types to all possible combinations of selective BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1 inhibitors and discover that most cell lines depend on at least one combination for survival. We demonstrate that expression levels of BCL-2 genes predict single mimetic sensitivity, whereas EMT status predicts synergistic dependence on BCL-XL+MCL-1. Lastly, we use a CRISPR/Cas9 screen to discover that BFL-1 and BCL-w promote resistance to all tested combinations of BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1 inhibitors. Together, these results provide a roadmap for rationally targeting BCL-2 family dependencies in diverse human cancers and motivate the development of selective BFL-1 and BCL-w inhibitors to overcome intrinsic resistance to BH3 mimetics.
Coalescence-induced jumping of droplets on superomniphobic surfaces with macrotexture

When two liquid droplets coalesce on a superrepellent surface, the excess surface energy is partly converted to upward kinetic energy, and the coalesced droplet jumps away from the surface. However, the efficiency of this energy conversion is very low. In this work, we used a simple and passive technique consisting of superomniphobic surfaces with a macrotexture (comparable to the droplet size) to experimentally demonstrate coalescence-induced jumping with an energy conversion efficiency of 18.8% (i.e., about 570% increase compared to superomniphobic surfaces without a macrotexture). The higher energy conversion efficiency arises primarily from the effective redirection of in-plane velocity vectors to out-of-plane velocity vectors by the macrotexture. Using this higher energy conversion efficiency, we demonstrated coalescence-induced jumping of droplets with low surface tension (26.6 mN m−1) and very high viscosity (220 mPa·s). These results constitute the first-ever demonstration of coalescence-induced jumping of droplets at Ohnesorge number >1.
Erythrocyte Deformability As a Potential Biomarker for Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is arguably the last major disease we know almost nothing about. It is a multi-systemic illness of unknown etiology affecting millions of individuals worldwide, with the capacity to persist for several years. ME/CFS is characterized by disabling fatigue of at least 6 months, accompanied serious fatigue and musculoskeletal pain, in addition to impaired short-term memory or concentration, and unrefreshing sleep or extended post-exertional. While the etiology of the disease is still debated, evidence suggest oxidative damage to immune and hematological systems as one of the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. Erythrocytes are potent scavengers of oxidative stress, and their shape changes appreciably in response to oxidative stress and certain inflammatory conditions including obesity and diabetes. The shape of erythrocytes change from biconcave discoid to an ellipsoid due shear flow in microcapillaries that provides a larger specific surface area-to-volume ratio for optimal microvascular perfusion and tissue oxygenation establishing the importance not only of total hematocrit but also of the capacity for large deformations in physiology. Clinically, ME/CFS patients show normal arterial oxygen saturation but nothing much is known about microvascular perfusion. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that the erythrocyte deformability in ME/CFS is adversely affected, using a combination of biophysical and biochemical techniques. We tested the deformability of RBCs using a high-throughput microfluidic device which mimics blood flow through microcapillaries. We perfused RBCs (suspension in plasma) from ME/CFS patients and from age and sex matched healthy controls (n=9 pairs of donors) through a high-throughput microfluidic platform of 5µm width and 3-5 µm height. We recorded the movement of the cells at high speed (4000 fps), followed by image analysis to assess the following parameters: entry time (time required by the cells to completely enter the test channels), average transit velocity (velocity of the cells inside the test channels) and elongation index (ratio of the major diameter before and after deformation in the test channel). We observed that RBCs from ME/CFS patients had higher entry time (~12%, p To understand the basis for differences in deformability, we investigated the changes in the fluidity of the membrane using a lateral diffusion assay using pyrenedecanoic acid (PDA), and observed that RBCs from ME/CFS patients have lower membrane fluidity (~30%, p Taken together, our data demonstrates that the significant decrease in deformability of RBCs from ME/CFS patients may have origins in oxidative stress, and suggests that altered microvascular perfusion can be a possible cause for ME/CFS symptoms. Our data also suggests that RBC deformability may serve as a potential biomarker for ME/CFS, albeit further studies are necessary for non-specific classification of the disease. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Yogi Berra and the art of public affairs teaching

ABSTRACTA 25 retrospective on Journal of Public Affairs Education (JPAE) reveals clear evolution and differences in issues of interest to public affairs teachers. Historical contingency and circumstances impact what should be taught. But there are also constants – repeated and recurrent themes that transcend time, authors, and editors. As the longest serving editor-in-chief or co-editor for Journal of Public Affairs Education (JPAE) for nearly eight years, I learned a lot by reading the article submissions, and among the constants are the three themes – change, crisis, and continued belief in a single best way to teach or do things. This article reflects on these three themes and what they mean for the teaching and practice of public administration and affairs.
Classroom Research: Assessment of Student Understanding of Sampling Distributions of Means and the Central Limit Theorem in Post-Calculus Probability and Statistics Classes

We applied a classroom research model to investigate student understanding of sampling distributions of sample means and the Central Limit Theorem in post-calculus introductory probability and stat...
Heterodinuclear complexes featuring Zn(ii) and M = Al(iii), Ga(iii) or In(iii) for cyclohexene oxide and CO 2 copolymerisation.

The ring opening copolymerisation of CO2 and epoxides is a useful means to valorise waste emissions and to reduce pollution in polymer manufacturing. Heterodinuclear catalysts, particularly those of Zn(ii)/Mg(ii), have shown better performances than homodinuclear analogues in this reaction. As part of on-going efforts to better understand the catalytic synergy, this work describes a series of heterodinuclear complexes, combining Zn(ii) with a metal from Group 13 (M = Al(iii), Ga(iii) or In(iii)). The complexes are synthesised from a symmetrical macrocyclic ligand in high yields via sequential metalation steps and are the thermodynamic reaction products. The Zn(ii)/Group 13 complexes are effective homogeneous catalysts for the ring opening copolymerisation (ROCOP) of cyclohexene oxide at 1 bar pressure of carbon dioxide, but all show inferior performances compared to the di-zinc analogue. The CO2 uptake into the polymer increases in the order Al(iii) < Ga(iii) < In(iii) which is attributed to lower Lewis acidity heavier Group 13 homologues showing a reduced tendency to form ether linkages. Concurrently, polycarbonate activity increases down the Group 13 series consistent with weaker metal-oxygen bonds which show enhanced lability to insertion reactions.
Mechanism-Guided Design and Discovery of Efficient Cytochrome P450-Derived C-H Amination Biocatalysts.

Cytochrome P450s have been recently identified as a promising class of biocatalysts for medi-ating C—H aminations via nitrene transfer, a valuable transformation for forging new C—N bonds. The cata...
Modeling User Feedback: Fuzzy sampling, Portability, and Degree of Annoyance

User feedback is an important aspect of any social platform. The platform needs to adapt based on user preferences, eliminating the need for user input over time. This paper describes the experimentation with feedback received from users on their comfort level with temperatures in their work environment. The building energy management system will adapt itself so that users do not need to adjust the temperatures. This study addresses a number of issues with the user feedback modeling including managing a data imbalance with the help of fuzzy clustering, ability to transfer the user models between rooms and across different buildings, as well as, predicting a degree of discomfort. The experiments are based on user feedback collected from two commercial buildings.
Electronic and structural properties of single-crystal Jahn–Teller active Co1+x Mn2−x O4 thin films

Recent investigations on spinel CoMn2O4have shown its potential for applications in water splitting and fuel cell technologies as it exhibits strong catalytic behavior through oxygen reduction reactivity. To further understand this material, we report for the first time the synthesis of single-crystalline Co1+xMn2-xO4thin films using molecular beam epitaxy. By varying sample composition, we establish links between cation stoichiometry and material properties using in-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Our results indicate that excess Co ions occupy tetrahedral interstitial sites at lower excess Co stoichiometries, and become substitutional for octahedrally-coordinated Mn at higher Co levels. We compare these results with density functional theory models of stoichiometric CoMn2O4to understand how the Jahn-Teller distortion and hybridization in Mn-O bonds impact the ability to hole dope the material with excess Co. The findings provide important insights into CoMn2O4and related spinel oxides that are promising candidates for inexpensive oxygen reduction reaction catalysts.
Argumentation and scientific consensus-building: using the nonfiction narrative to generate contextual understanding

Although students in college science courses typically learn laboratory techniques and practices, few are taught about the communicative interactions that occur within the larger scientific communi...