cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and management of rare congenital nonimmune hemolytic disease

Rare, congenital nonimmune hemolytic disorders of the erythrocyte, although uncommon, are important causes of anemia in the child and adult. These are a heterogeneous group of diseases that disrupt normal erythrocyte structure and function in varying ways. Predominant are abnormalities of hemoglobin stability, defects of erythrocyte metabolism, and disorders of erythrocyte hydration. Unstable hemoglobinopathies may lead to chronic or episodic hemolysis. Perturbation of critical enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway lead to altered erythrocyte metabolism and chronic hemolysis. Disorders of erythrocyte hydration are an under-recognized cause of hemolytic anemia. Beyond pathophysiologic mechanisms of disease, clinical, laboratory, and genetic heterogeneity characterize this group of disorders. Often, they are underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed. This review discusses pathophysiology, inheritance, clinical findings, laboratory manifestations, and management considerations in several rare nonimmune hemolytic diseases including the unstable hemoglobins, disorders of erythrocyte metabolism, and abnormalities of erythrocyte hydration.
Development of a web based informatics system utilizing quantitative imaging features for predicting outcomes in stroke rehabilitation clinical trials

Previously, we presented an ePR system to support imaging based stroke rehabilitation clinical trials. To facilitate the data analysis, we developed a generalized linear mixed effects model (GLMM) module to investigate correlation based on features extracted from textual database and imaging biomarkers. With the proposed module, the system is able to evaluate a variety of measurements including quantitative imaging features. Moreover, once an accurate GLMM model is identified from the clinical trial, the module can be used to predict outcomes for new patients based on their conditions and used as a decision support tool for optimizing the treatment plans.
Christian Transformation and the Encounter with the World's Holy Canons

Philosophical approaches to hermeneutics, such as we find in Hans-Georg Gadamer and Paul Ricoeur, offer insights into how a classic text expands one's horizons, through both a dynamic game of conversation between reader and text and the enlarged sense of self that comes from entering into the proposed world of the text. Comparative theology follows these leads by showing how engaging in the canons of the religious other allows one fresh insights into one's own religious tradition's familiar and revered truths. This article is an exercise in such an approach, examining three Asian traditions and samples from their most classic textual representatives. By engaging the Dhammapada from Theravada Buddhism, classic sayings from Zen, and the Dao-De-Jing and Zhuangzi from the Daoist tradition, we see how we might appropriate the Catholic theological and spiritual traditions with fresh eyes and new insights.
Topical Imiquimod for the Treatment of Childhood Cutaneous Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

Although topical steroids are considered first-line treatment for cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), the appropriate therapy for refractory cases remains controversial. We report a 16-month-old girl with isolated cutaneous LCH refractory to treatment with topical corticosteroids and topical tacrolimus. Treatment was initiated with 5% topical imiquimod cream and the rash completely resolved after 5 months of therapy. There was no disease recurrence after more than 2 years of follow-up. We present this case to highlight imiquimod as a novel therapeutic agent for the management of isolated cutaneous LCH in children.
Abstract 3016: Roles of histone deacetylase inhibitors in the regulation of DNA methyltransferase 1

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL DNA methylation and histone deacetylation are the two major classes of genomic modifications which can contribute to transcriptionally-repressive chromatin structure.Tumor suppressor genes are hypermethylated in their promoter regions in certain cancers, which leads to transcriptional repression of these genes, and histone deacetylases (HDACs) cooperate with DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) in this process, by their subsequent recruitment to methylated DNA. HDAC inhibitors, which can variably induce differentiation, apoptosis and/or cell cycle arrest in tumor cells, are known to alter gene expression patterns by disrupting the transcriptional regulatory complexes with which DNMT1 and HDAC1 or HDAC2 associate. Surprisingly, a series of recent studies by our group and others, using HDAC inhibitors, suggests that HDAC activity may influence DNA methylation, in addition to the established and reciprocal ability of CpG methylation to influence HDAC recruitment and transcriptional repression. HDAC inhibitors appear to influence DNA methylation by regulating the expression of DNMT1, although the molecular pathway mediating this regulation has not been fully elucidated. We have documented DNMT1 downregulation at the level of mRNA and protein abundance in human cancer cell lines, following exposure to any of several structurally-different HDAC inhibitors, suggesting that HDAC inhibitors decrease DNMT1 expression at the level of mRNA. We determined at which level, transcription or RNA degradation, DNMT1 mRNA is affected by HDAC inhibition, by measuring the time course of RNA degradation using real-time PCR following treatment of Actinomycin D, an inhibitor of de novo transcription. In spite of their ability to upregulate AUF1, a known regulator of DNMT1 mRNA stability, HDAC inhibitors did not significantly alter DNMT1 mRNA half-life in comparison to vehicle-treated controls. In agreement with this finding, specific knockdown of AUF1 by siRNA did not abrogate the decrease in DNMT1 protein expression caused by HDAC inhibition. Exposure to HDAC inhibitors in the presence of cycloheximide, an inhibitor of de novo protein synthesis, prevented the downregulation of DNMT1 mRNA, suggesting that new protein synthesis is required for the effect of HDAC inhibitors on DNMT1 expression. Thus, the downregulation of DNMT1 expression by HDAC inhibitor treatment is induced at the transcriptional level in LNCap cells, possibly in an indirect manner. These findings begin to elucidate the mechanism whereby HDACs and their inhibitors may influence DNA methylation, in addition to the established and reciprocal ability of CpG methylation to influence HDAC recruitment and transcriptional repression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3016. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3016
Size Reduction of Poplar Wood Using a Lathe for Biofuel Manufacturing: A Preliminary Experiment

Poplar wood can be used as feedstocks for manufacturing of cellulosic biofuels (e.g., ethanol) as liquid transportation fuels. Producing ethanol from poplar wood involves reducing poplar wood into small particles, hydrolyzing cellulose inside poplar particles to fermentable sugars, and converting these sugars to ethanol. Size reduction is usually done by wood chipping and biomass milling. In the literature on poplar biofuels, there are no reports on particle formation mechanisms or effects of size reduction on sugar yield. One important reason for the lack of such knowledge is that particle formation in current size reduction methods is not well controlled. This paper presents the first attempt to use a lathe to generate poplar particles (or chips) with well controlled mechanisms of chip formation. The objective is to experimentally determine relations among chip thickness, uncut chip cross-section area, shear angle (representing the deformation severity of the chips), crystallinity index, and sugar yield.© 2011 ASME
Hospital pharmacy financial management: challenges of the 1980s

This paper concludes a series on financial management of hospital pharmacies. A decade of expansion of health-care services is ending. Changes in health care are predicted by examining changes that followed deregulation of the banking industry. Pharmacists' need for training in financial management is reiterated, and the need for computerized financial reports is emphasized. Pharmacy departments should prepare for constant changes in reimbursement methods and fluctuations in workload that require flexible staffing. Marketing of pharmaceutical services and increases in productivity will be necessary. Health-care cost reductions can be achieved using the available technology, although hospital closure, restructuring, and staff reductions may occur. Pharmacist-managers need financial skills to remain competitive.
Clinical study of the antiviral effect of Lamivudine in hepatitis B

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of Lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B. Methods:Among 70 cases chronic hepatitis B patients, 35 cases of patients as treatment group with the Lamivudine treatment, 35 cases of doubleblind, placebo for the control group, treatment time was 60 weeks. Assessment of clinical symptoms and signs, liver function and indicators of HBV replication. Results:There was significant difference in efficacy between Lamivudine group and the control group. Conclusion:The long-term Lamivudine therapy can suppress HBV replication, with the significant improvement in ALT, it is a safe method.
Romano-Ward syndrome diagnosed as moderate fetal bradycardia. A case report.

BACKGROUND : Romano-Ward syndrome is a rare, autosomal-dominant cardiac conduction defect associated with syncope and life-threatening ventricular arrythmia in children and adults. CASE : A fetus was noted to have moderate fetal bradycardia in the antenatal period. When studied postnatally, the child was found to have Romano-Ward syndrome. CONCLUSION : This is the first reported case of Romano-Ward syndrome diagnosed prenatally as fetal bradycardia. This report confirms that moderate fetal bradycardia does not indicate fetal distress, but it does indicate that fetuses should be studied for cardiac conduction defects in the neonatal period.
Diagnosing disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: Integrating semi-structured and unstructured interviews:

The newest iteration of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-fifth edition (DSM-5), is the first to include the diagnosis of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). The assessment and diagnosis of psychopathology in children are complicated, particularly for mood disorders. Practice can be guided by the use of well-validated instruments. However, as this is a new diagnosis existing instruments have not yet been evaluated for the diagnosis of DMDD. This study seeks to provide a method for using existing structured interview instruments to assess for this contemporary diagnosis. The Children's Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes (ChIPS) and the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and Adolescents (MINI-KID) are reviewed and existing items consistent with a diagnosis of DMDD are identified. Finally, a case is presented using both measures and applying the theoretical items identified to illustrate how one might use these measures to assess DMDD. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Absence Epy Outcome and Response to Initial Therapy

The prognostic significance of initial antiepileptic drug (AED) failure in children with absence epilepsy was studied at the IWK-Grace Health Center, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Frequency comb generation in dispersive optical microresonators

Nonlinear wave mixing in optical microresonators offers a route to chip-level optical frequency combs. The properties of the combs generated depend crucially on the interaction between nonlinearity and dispersion. This tutorial will discuss comb generation in both anomalous and normal dispersion microresonators, with an emphasis on recent advances in the normal dispersion regime.
Discrimination of explosions from simultaneous mining blasts

Abstract Large mining blasts can complicate the identification and discrimination of small underground nuclear explosions and may offer evasion opportunities. Mining blasts typically show a unique spectral signature: spectral reinforcements associated with time-delayed detonations between adjacent shot holes or rows of shots. Discrimination of a nuclear detonation that is simultaneous with a mining blast must depend upon recognizing significant spectral or waveform abnormalities within seismic signals from the mining blasts. In this investigation, large, simultaneous detonations within mining blasts are simulated for observed explosions from the Mesabi Range in Minnesota and for a series of quarry blasts at the Kaiser Permanente Quarry in Cupertino, California, which included a simultaneous detonation conducted by Lee et al. (1989). The Mesabi explosions are examples of large, ripple-fired blasts with known blast patterns (Smith, 1989). The models suggest that a large, single, deeply buried explosion dominates the waveform signature if it contains more than 5 to 15% of the total explosive in the mining blast. Spectral signatures of these combined explosions still show periodicities characteristic of ripple firing; however, their amplitude is greatly reduced. Inclusion of a deep simultaneous shot accentuates the high-frequency spectrum. If single explosions are sufficiently close to the combined quarry blast, their application as empirical Green9s functions can isolate the simultaneous explosion within the blast. If empirical Green9s functions are within 0.5 km of quarry blasts, individual explosions can be retrieved if delays are 100 msec between shot holes and signals extend to 40 Hz. Identification of large, simultaneous detonations within a blast may depend upon knowledge of the mine9s blasting practices and its variability from blast to blast.
The Christian Distinction Celebrated and Expanded

The author whom I discovered in The God of Faith and Reason displayed another face from the phenomenologist whose work I had come to rely upon to orient me in the often obscure world of Husserl. A bit of personal history will also help to show why I found the central argument of that work so utterly crucial, not only to what I was doing but to the entire endeavor of philosophical theology in the current intellectual culture. The manuscript came to me in Jerusalem during the two years (1980–82) I was spending there, initially serving as rector of the Ecumenical Institute for Theological Research (Tantur), working to expanding its horizons from those of Christian ecumenism to a foyer for interfaith scholarship and understanding. The following year I spent in a personal project to gain sufficient Arabic to explore Islamic and Jewish philosophical theology, with the goal of putting the work of Thomas Aquinas into an interfaith perspective. For I had been persuaded by Karl Rahner’s recent (1979) call to re-periodize the history of Christian theology, and had come to suspect myself that Aquinas’ classic synthesis of Christian understanding by way of Hellenic philosophy was in fact already an interfaith, intercultural achievement.1
Analytical and experimental study of the hexagonal metamaterial based on the distributions of the fields

In this article, a simple hexagonal metamaterial is presented. Different from the design method of parameters optimization, the method based on the analysis of the distributions of the electric field, magnetic field, and the surface current distribution is proposed. For verification of proposed analytic method, the retrieval process is carried out. Besides, the situations of the other two frequencies point are studied to further verify the analytic method. The experimental study is introduced as well. The results show that the negative effective permittivity and the negative effective permeability with pass band character is achieved simultaneously in the frequency range between 9.58 GHz to 9.75 GHz, and the comparison between the result of the analysis and the experiment justifies the proposed analytic method. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:720–726, 2017
Plasmonics-enhanced large-area terahertz detectors (Conference Presentation)

One of the main limitations for realizing high-performance time-domain terahertz imaging and spectroscopy systems is the low responsivity and narrow bandwidth of the existing pulsed terahertz detectors. In this work, we present a high-responsivity and broadband large-area terahertz detector that incorporates a two-dimensional array of plasmonic nanoantennas fabricated on a low-temperature-grown GaAs substrate. By using a large-area device architecture, large optical spot sizes can be used, mitigating the carrier screening effect at high optical pump powers. Using a large-area device architecture also makes the device less sensitive to changes in optical and terahertz alignment. The two-dimensional array of plasmonic nanoantennas is designed to offer a broad terahertz detection bandwidth. It is also designed to enhance optical absorption in close proximity to the nanoantennas by exciting surface plasmon waves. This allows drifting a large portion of photo-generated electrons and holes to the nanoantennas in presence of an incident terahertz pulse, offering high responsivity levels. We experimentally demonstrate detection of terahertz pulses with more than 5 THz bandwidth with high responsivity and signal-to-noise ratio levels exceeding that of electro-optic detectors. Such terahertz detectors would play a critical role in realization of the next generation time-domain terahertz imaging and spectroscopy systems.
Development of item–space and item–time binding

The capacity to integrate various features of an event (e.g. spatial and temporal information) into a bound representation of the event is essential for episodic memory and depends critically on the hippocampus. Item–space and item–time binding operations emerge in infancy, but it is not until the beginning of the third year of life that they afford the ability to retain and flexible reinstate arbitrary associations between events and their spatio-temporal context. Further behavioral improvement occurs from childhood into adolescence. Structural and functional development of the hippocampus has been implicated to explain these changes, but future studies should demonstrate a direct link between behavioral development and hippocampal change.
Speciation and Determination of Low Concentration of Iron in Beer Samples by Cloud Point Extraction.

A laboratory experiment is described in which students determine the concentration and speciation of iron in beer samples using cloud point extraction and absorbance spectroscopy. The basis of determination is the complexation between iron and 2-(5-bromo-2- pyridylazo)-5-diethylaminophenol (5-Br-PADAP) as a colorimetric reagent in an aqueous micellar solution followed by cloud point extraction for preconcentration. Total iron and Fe(II) were determined with and without addition of ascorbic acid as a reducing agent, respectively. The determination of iron concentration in real beer samples using cloud point extraction provides an opportunity for students to become familiar with preconcentration, complexation chemistry, masking agents, and the speciation of an analyte. Students also gain hands-on experience with adapting methods from scientific literature, using absorbance spectroscopy, and exploring quality control techniques, such as method detection limits and spike recovery.
Iron-catalyzed urea synthesis: dehydrogenative coupling of methanol and amines

Substituted ureas have numerous applications but their synthesis typically requires the use of highly toxic starting materials. Herein we describe the first base-metal catalyst for the selective synthesis of symmetric ureas via the dehydrogenative coupling of methanol with primary amines. Using a pincer supported iron catalyst, a range of ureas was generated with isolated yields of up to 80% (corresponding to a catalytic turnover of up to 160) and with H2 as the sole byproduct. Mechanistic studies indicate a stepwise pathway beginning with methanol dehydrogenation to give formaldehyde, which is trapped by amine to afford a formamide. The formamide is then dehydrogenated to produce a transient isocyanate, which reacts with another equivalent of amine to form a urea. These mechanistic insights enabled the development of an iron-catalyzed method for the synthesis of unsymmetric ureas from amides and amines.
Abstract B082: Evaluation of the effects of an oral Notch inhibitor, LY3039478, on QT interval, and absolute and pilot relative bioavailability studies conducted in healthy subjects

Background: LY3039478 is an oral, potent small-molecule Notch inhibitor being investigated for the treatment of advanced cancers. The effect of single doses on corrected QT interval, absolute and relative bioavailability were explored in three studies (Table 1). These studies were conducted in healthy subjects to mitigate the confounding effects of disease state and concomitant medication, while avoiding nonbeneficial drug exposures in cancer patients. Table 1. Designs for three clinical studies of LY3039478 in healthy subjects Materials and Methods: In all studies, LY3039478 pharmacokinetic (PK) samples were serially collected up to 48 hours postdose. Particularly in study 1, these PK samples were time-matched to triplicate Holter electrocardiogram extractions. Noncompartmental analyses were used to calculate the PK parameters, and mixed-effects models were used for statistical inference. Results: In Study 1, exposures increased with dose and were proportional in the 25-75 mg dose range. The regression slope of placebo-adjusted QT Interval corrected for heart rate using Fridericia’s equation (QTcF) and LY3039478 plasma concentration was approximately zero (-0.001, 90% confidence interval (CI) [-0.006, 0.003]), indicating no significant linear association between the two parameters. In Study 2, the estimated ratios of geometric mean exposures (test/reference) were 1.31 (90% CI [1.23, 1.40]) for area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity (AUC(0-∞)) and 1.20 (90% CI [1.07, 1.35]) for maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), after a single 50 mg dose. Higher exposures were achieved with the formulated capsule versus the drug in capsule. In Study 3, the geometric least squares mean absolute bioavailability of LY3039478 after oral administration was 0.572 (90% CI [0.532, 0.615]). Conclusions: LY3039478 was well tolerated in healthy volunteers when administered as single oral doses of up to 75 mg, and after a single IV dose of 350 µg 13C15N2H-LY3039478. There was no evidence of QTcF prolongation effect from LY3039478 in the dose range 25 to 75 mg. The AUC(0-∞) and Cmax of LY3039478 administered as the formulated capsule (test) was approximately 30% and 20% higher, respectively, than the drug in capsule (reference) in healthy subjects. The absolute bioavailability of a 75 mg oral dose of LY3039478 was 0.57. Citation Format: Eunice Yuen, Maria Posada, Claire Smith, Katharine Thorn, Dale Greenwood, Michelle Burgess, Karim Benhadji, Demetrio Ortega, Louise Chinchen, Jeffrey Suico. Evaluation of the effects of an oral Notch inhibitor, LY3039478, on QT interval, and absolute and pilot relative bioavailability studies conducted in healthy subjects [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B082.
Rectouterine fistula associated with the Cu-7 intrauterine contraceptive device

A case study of rectouterine fistula occurring in a woman wearing a copper-7 (Cu-7) IUD is presented. The woman had complained of abdominal pain and hard pelletlike stools. Examination revealed an IUD string and a small portion of the IUD at the external os. Barium enema revealed extraluminal barium anterior to the rectum and extending into the vagina and the copper-bearing limb of the Cu-7 extending into the accumulated extraluminal barium. The patient gradually recovered after removal of the device. The possibility of a translocated IUD should be considered in any patient who develops abdominal pain or intestinal tract symptoms.
Social Identity, Motivation, andWell Being Among Adolescents from Asian and Latin American Backgrounds

Youth from Asian and Latin American backgrounds, the fastest rising minority groups in American society, face numerous challenges to their successful development. The majority of these adolescents have immigrant parents and many of them were born in another country themselves, creating the need to adapt and adjust to a new and different society (Hernandez, 2004). The youths’ families come from cultural backgrounds that include beliefs, values, and traditions that often differ from the dominant norms in American society. As ethnic minorities, they face social stereotypes that attempt to limit and constrain their abilities, resources, and potential (Fuligni, 2007)
Pure Presence: a Modest Proposal

The more sophisticated parody is, the easier it is to miss its parodie character, to fall into the trap of taking it as a serious, straightforward exercise of the art it mimics. Yet, to be successful as parody, it must provide sufficient clues for the discerning reader to grasp its satirical character. Otherwise, it remains an undetected, therefore unappreciated, hoax.
Kicks Hurt Less: Discrimination Predicts Distress Beyond Trauma among Undocumented Mexican Immigrants.

Objective This study aimed to assess for the prevalence of interpersonal discrimination among undocumented Mexican immigrants residing in high-risk neighborhoods near the CaliforniaMexico border, identify relevant vulnerabilities, and determine its association with clinically significant psychological distress after controlling for socio-demographics, immigration characteristics, and history of trauma. Method Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) was used in this cross-sectional study to collect and analyze data from clinical interviews with 246 undocumented Mexican immigrants. The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-53) was used as the primary outcome measure to assess for clinically significant psychological distress. For all analyses, inferential statistics accounted for design effects and sample weights to produce weighted estimates. Logistic regression was used in the multivariate analyses. Results 69% of participants reported interpersonal discrimination due to being undocumented with significant differences observed across sex, educational attainment, and income. Among participants with a history of interpersonal discrimination due to their undocumented status, 52% met criteria for clinically significant psychological distress with significant differences observed across age groups, years living in the U.S. and history of trauma. After controlling for relevant covariates, having experienced interpersonal discrimination due to being undocumented was the strongest significant predictor of clinically significant psychological distress, OR = 5.47, 95% CI [2.56, 11.7], p < .001, even beyond history of trauma. Conclusion Overall, our findings emphasize the need for policies, advocacy, and the development and provision of contextually-sensitive interventions to address the high prevalence of interpersonal discrimination and its negative health effects among undocumented Mexican immigrants.
Prophylactic Tibial Stem Fixation in the Obese: Comparative Early Results in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Purpose Obesity is a risk factor for aseptic loosening after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Prophylactic use of tibial stems may enhance tibial fixation in obese patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether a tibial stem extension decreases rates of early failure in obese patients. Materials and Methods This study included 178 consecutive primary TKAs (143 patients) with a body mass index ≥35 kg/m2. Fifty TKAs were performed with the use of a 30 mm tibial stem extension, and 128 TKAs were performed with a standard tibial component. Patients with two-year clinical follow-up were included. The primary outcome was revision for aseptic loosening. Secondary outcomes were all-cause revision and radiolucent lines (RLLs) on radiographs. Results Average follow-up was 34 months (range, 24 to 46 months). No failures for aseptic loosening occurred. The occurrence of secondary procedures was not significantly different between groups. Quantification of RLLs revealed no difference between groups. Conclusions At early follow-up, no difference was measured in revision rates, need for subsequent procedures, or RLLs between groups.
Civil Disobedience in Latter-Day Saint Thought

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is one of the largest of the religious traditions born in the United States. What is the role of civil disobedience in Latter-day Saint thought? Some passages in the scriptures of the church suggests an almost unlimited obligation to comply with secular law. In other places, the Latter-day Saint canon suggests a more limited duty of obedience, one that is broadly speaking contingent on the legal system being what might be called “a nearly just regime.” In practice, when pushed by a hostile state, the Saints have been willing to declare if “the laws of my country should come in contact with the laws of God …I shall invariably choose the latter.” However, history also reveals that the calculus for Latter-day Saints has never been this simple. Church leaders have generally counseled obedience to unjust laws coupled with engagement to improve them. More tellingly, in the face of at times suspicious and vicious governments, Latter-day Saints have been counseled to obey the law as a way of protecting themselves and their community from predatory state actors. In short, their religion does not provide the Latter-day Saints with any neat or clear answer to the perennial question of where to draw the line between the claims of God and the claims of Caesar. Rather, it gives them a native tradition within which to consider such questions.
Random Forest Classifier Based Prediction of Rogue waves on Deep Oceans.

In this paper, we present a novel approach for the prediction of rogue waves in oceans using statistical machine learning methods. Since the ocean is composed of many wave systems, the change from a bimodal or multimodal directional distribution to unimodal one is taken as the warning criteria. Likewise, we explore various features that help in predicting rogue waves. The analysis of the results shows that the Spectral features are significant in predicting rogue waves. We find that nonlinear classifiers have better prediction accuracy than the linear ones. Finally, we propose a Random Forest Classifier based algorithm to predict rogue waves in oceanic conditions. The proposed algorithm has an Overall Accuracy of 89.57% to 91.81%, and the Balanced Accuracy varies between 79.41% to 89.03% depending on the forecast time window. Moreover, due to the model-free nature of the evaluation criteria and interdisciplinary characteristics of the approach, similar studies may be motivated in other nonlinear dispersive media, such as nonlinear optics, plasma, and solids, governed by similar equations, which will allow for the early detection of extreme waves
Alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine consumption on a public U.S. university campus determined by wastewater-based epidemiology

Abstract Alcohol, nicotine, and caffeine use in at-risk populations is a public health concern that claims over 550,000 lives annually. Self-reported surveys from college students often reveal overconsumption of these substances. Unfortunately, the costs of these surveys are high, and consequently, the results from few studies are often extrapolated across the entire target population. Here we employed wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) to directly measure the levels of these three psychotropic substances and their metabolites in sewage from a large public Southwestern U.S. university campus during the 2017–2018 academic year. Results showed per person alcohol consumption was 11.3 ± 7.5 g d−1 person−1 or 0.8 ± 0.5 drinks d−1 person−1, similar to averages of nationwide estimates from self-reporting of this subpopulation aged 18–25 years (10.1 ± 0.8 g d−1 person−1 or 0.7 ± 0.06 drinks d−1 person−1). Caffeine and nicotine consumption determined by WBE were significantly lower (p
Towards A Taxonomy of Content Sensitivity and Sharing Preferences for Photos

Determining which photos are sensitive is difficult. Although emerging computer vision systems can label content items, previous attempts to distinguish private or sensitive content fall short. There is no human-centered taxonomy that describes what content is sensitive or how sharing preferences for content differs across recipients. To fill this gap, we introduce a new sensitive content elicitation method which surmounts limitations of previous approaches, and, using this new method, collected sensitive content from 116 participants. We also recorded participants' sharing preferences with 20 recipient groups. Next, we conducted a card sort to surface user-defined categories of sensitive content. Using data from these studies, we generated a taxonomy that identifies 28 categories of sensitive content. We also establish how sharing preferences for content differs across groups of recipients. This taxonomy can serve as a framework for understanding photo privacy, which can, in turn, inform new photo privacy protection mechanisms.
Signals Related to Color in the Early Visual Cortex.

Visual images can be described in terms of the illuminants and objects that are causal to the light reaching the eye, the retinal image, its neural representation, or how the image is perceived. Re...
COVID-19-Associated Systemic Thromboembolism: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has affected >188 countries, involved >24 million people, and caused >840,000 deaths. COVID-19, in its severe form, presents as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), shock, and multiorgan failure. Thrombotic microangiopathy of the lungs and kidneys has been observed in these patients. Elevated D-dimer levels have been observed in people with serious COVID-19 illness, and this could be helpful in guiding treatment with anticoagulation in these patients. Objective To analyze the role of anticoagulation as a treatment modality for COVID-19. Methods We present the unique case of a COVID-19 patient who developed sepsis, ARDS, acute kidney injury, and deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), who was deteriorating clinically. She was treated with anticoagulation. Results There was rapid recovery after treatment with systemic anticoagulation. Conclusions Systemic anticoagulation could prove to be essential in the treatment of CO-VID-19. Further studies are required to assess its role in improving long-term morbidity and mortality in these patients.
Characterizing Areas with Increased Burden of West Nile Virus Disease in California, 2009-2018.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that can cause severe neurological disease in humans, for which there is no treatment or vaccine. From 2009 to 2018, California has reported mor...
WWOX-Mediated Degradation of AMOTp130 Negatively Affects Egress of Filovirus VP40 VLPs

Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV) viruses continue to emerge and cause severe hemorrhagic disease in humans. A comprehensive understanding of the filovirus-host interplay will be crucial for identifying and developing antiviral strategies. The filoviral VP40 matrix protein drives virion assembly and egress, in part by recruiting specific WW-domain-containing host interactors via its conserved PPxY Late (L) domain motif to positively regulate virus egress and spread. In contrast to these positive regulators of virus budding, a growing list of WW-domain-containing interactors that negatively regulate virus egress and spread have been identified, including BAG3, YAP/TAZ and WWOX. In addition to host WW-domain regulators of virus budding, host PPxY-containing proteins also contribute to regulating this late stage of filovirus replication. For example, angiomotin (AMOT) is a multi-PPxY-containing host protein that functionally interacts with many of the same WW-domain-containing proteins that regulate virus egress and spread. In this report, we demonstrate that host WWOX, which negatively regulates egress of VP40 VLPs and recombinant VSV-M40 virus, interacts with and suppresses the expression of AMOT. We found that WWOX disrupts AMOTs scaffold-like tubular distribution and reduces AMOT localization at the plasma membrane via lysosomal degradation. In sum, our findings reveal an indirect and novel mechanism by which modular PPxY/WW-domain interactions between AMOT and WWOX regulate PPxY-mediated egress of filovirus VP40 VLPs. A better understanding of this modular network and competitive nature of protein-protein interactions will help to identify new antiviral targets and therapeutic strategies. IMPORTANCEFiloviruses (Ebola [EBOV] and Marburg [MARV]) are zoonotic, emerging pathogens that cause outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic fever in humans. A fundamental understanding of the virus-host interface is critical for understanding the biology of these viruses and for developing future strategies for therapeutic intervention. Here, we reveal a novel mechanism by which host proteins WWOX and AMOTp130 interact with each other and with the EBOV matrix protein VP40 to regulate VP40-mediated egress of virus like particles (VLPs). Our results highlight the biological impact of competitive interplay of modular virus-host interactions on both the virus lifecycle and the host cell.
The dynamic relation between CEOs compensation and earnings management

This study empirically examines both the form and the extent of earnings management and the possible endogeneity between earnings management and compensation. The results of the tests indicate that the total and mix of compensation are significant determinants of the extent and form of compensation. The evidence is consistent with managerial opportunism as managers smooth more (less) income as the bonus mix (stock-based compensation) increases (decreases). Also, the results provide strong evidence that CEOs have incentives to manage earnings to increase their total compensation and to maximize their bonus-based and stock-based compensation. This result provides an indication that earnings management behavior and compensation are dynamic and suggest the necessity to consider their endogenous nature in examining their relationship. The findings of this study should contribute to the academic research related to earnings management, compensation, and the usefulness of accounting numbers. Furthermore, the extent and form of earnings management related to compensation is important to accounting standard setters, regulators, investors, analysts, practitioners, and researchers because of the ongoing concern over earnings management.
Generalized transduction by bacteriophage P22 in Salmonella typhimurium. II. Mechanism of integration of transducing DNA.

Abstract Generalized transduction by bacteriophage P22 occurs by the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another by means of a phage-like particle (i.e. a transducing particle) which contains bacterial DNA formed before infection (preceding paper). Transduction of a 32 P-labeled, light recipient with purified transducing particles whose DNA is labeled with 3 H, 2 H, 15 N, 13 C results in the physical association of 12 to 15% of the transducing DNA with the DNA of the recipient bacteria. The remainder of the transducing DNA persists as unreplicated phage-size fragments during further bacterial growth. Physical and genetic analysis of the DNA integrated as large fragments reveals that recombination in generalized transduction occurs by a displacement mechanism, often resulting in the integration of double strand fragments of transducing DNA into the DNA of the recipient bacteria. The molecular weight of most of the large integrated fragments is greater than 2 to 4 × 10 6 daltons but substantially less than 27 × 10 6 daltons, the molecular weight of the transducing DNA injected into the bacteria. The integrated large double strand fragments of transducing DNA can be detected in DNA isolated soon after transduction, but not in DNA isolated late after transduction, when the transductants have been permitted to replicate.
Sodium exchange in the crystalline lens. I. Relative exchange in capsule, cortex and nucleus.

The cortex and nucleus of the rabbit lens have been shown to contain a bound sodium fraction. Capsular sodium exchanges almost completely while only 93 and 80% of cortex and nucleus, respectively, are free to exchange. Using published estimates of cortical and nuclear extracellular space, the intracellular concentrations of free and bound sodium were calculated. For cortex, free 9·47 mequiv./kg H2O, bound 1·26 and nucleus, free 7·71 and bound 3·24. The sodium binding sites are presumed to be in the lens proteins and the suggestion is made that the albuminoid fraction is predominantly involved in sodium binding.
Population Aging, Labor Mobility, and Economic Growth: Evidence From MENA and the Developed World

This paper examines the economic effects of aging trends using a two-period, two-region OLG model and the population projections for the developed and MENA countries. Migrant workers change the political balance of young and elderly voters in both labor-receiving and labor-sending countries. Numerical simulations show that the MENA region benefits more from international capital mobility. Restricting migration or political participation of migrant workers in the developed region produces inferior growth results for the MENA region. The study reveals that the MENA countries would suffer significantly from lower return to education in terms of growth and consumption.
A Hodgepodge of Controversies

Physicists in Conflict . Neil A. Porter. Institute of Physics Publishing, Bristol, UK, 1998. 291 pp. $39.50, £25. ISBN 0-7503-0509-6. Porter has written a collection of often disappointing accounts on a variety of conflicts: premodern clashes with religion, simple scientific blunders, political difficulties faced by scientists advising governments, and controversies within various fields of modern physics.
Association-Dissociation Properties of Sodium Borohydride-reduced Phosphorylase b

Sodium borohydride-reduced phosphorylase b dissociates completely to a monomeric form in 6.7% formamide, as determined by sedimentation velocity and equilibrium methods. No dissociation of the native enzyme occurs under these same conditions. A slow inactivation of NaBH4-reduced phosphorylase b occurs in formamide, and the degree of inactivation in different formamide concentrations seems related to the extent of dissociation. Removal of formamide by dialysis restores the enzymic activity and subunit structure. Results of several experiments suggest that the monomeric form is catalytically active. Approximately 30% activity remains after 1 hour of incubation in 6.7% formamide. After this stage, little change of enzymic activity occurs even after 7 hours of incubation. After 1 hour, sedimentation velocity experiments show that a single component is present with an s20,w of 5.6 S, indicating that dissociation is complete at this time. No change in s20,w was observed in the presence of substrates, glucose 1-phosphate, amylodextrin, and activator, AMP, indicating that reassociation of the monomer does not occur under conditions that closely approximate those used in the assay. Kinetic studies showed that the affinities of the enzyme with respect to its substrates and activator were reduced markedly by formamide. No homotropic interactions were seen with respect to AMP for the reduced enzyme incubated in formamide, further indicating the presence of an active monomer. Formamide affects the spectral properties of enzyme-bound pyridoxal phosphate in NaBH4-reduced phosphorylase b.
Platelet adhesiveness in toxemia of pregnancy

Abstract Indices of platelet adhesiveness in vitro were obtained from 10 nonpregnant women, 25 normal pregnant women, 10 with essential hypertension, 10 with mild pre-eclampsia, and 10 with severe pre-eclampsia. Platelet adhesiveness in normal pregnancy was slightly greater than in the nonpregnant state but lacked statistical significance. No alteration was found in patients with essential hypertension, but in toxemia of pregnancy the indices were significantly higher than in normal pregnancy. There appears to be a direct relationship between the severity of the disease and the platelet adhesiveness index. Increased platelet adhesiveness has been interpreted as evidence of slight platelet damage. It has been suggested that platelet damage in toxemia may be caused by damaged placental trophoblast, and that it is related to a slowly progressive, low grade process of disseminated intravascular coagulation in pre-eclampsia.
Chemical Basis for the Histological Use of Safranin O in the Study of Articular Cartilage

Interpretation of the histological behavior of metachromatic dyes requires information regarding their absorption spectra in solution and in histological sections. This information, previously unavailable for the interaction of safranin O with chondroitin sulphate or keratan sulphate in solution is
Control of crystal shape and size on formation of twin lamellae in calcite: Implications for deep burial diagenetic fabrics in limestones

Quantitative data from four shallowly buried and tectonically undisturbed Paleozoic limestones show that twin lamellae develop preferentially in large and irregularly shaped, non-equant crystals. Frequency of lamellae increases with length/width ratio of crystals, and lamellae are more abundant in larger crystals than in small ones. Because burial cements commonly consist of large crystals that fill non-equant remnant voids, these morphologic controls can cause burial cements to undergo preferential twinning. Morphological control on twinning thus causes the seeming paradox of untwinned early cements accompanied by twinned late cements.
New nanoparticle formation under UV impact on acetaldehyde vapor in nitrogen and air flow

This paper deals with the study of the kinetics of photolysis and photonucleation of acetaldehyde (AA) vapor in air and in nitrogen along with physical and chemical characteristics of the formed aerosol particles. Free radicals accompanying photonucleation were identified using the electron spin resonance spin-trapping technique. Numerical modeling of the photonucleation kinetics of AA, based on experimental results, was carried out. Rate of generation of primary products, leading to the nanoparticles, and the aerosol yield were evaluated. Chemical mechanism of stages leading to photonucleation in this system was proposed.
The management of colonic and rectal injuries

One hundred fifty cases of patients treated at the Henry Ford Hospital with traumatic injuries of the colon and rectum are reviewed. Five of 119 patients treated with exteriorization died, two of them from multiple visceral injuries, shortly after operation. The mortality rate for the primary-closure group of 24 patients was 8.3 per cent. In this group, 11 patients had postoperative complications. Thirty-nine of the 119 patients in Group II had 62 complications. Infection was the predominant problem in both groups of patients. We still believe that exteriorization of the injured colon remains the safest method of managing these patients.