cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The future of leadership: where do we go from here?

Purpose – This research paper seeks to identify that leadership is changing and will change even more in the next five years according to a recent study by the Center for Creative Leadership (CCL). This change is due to the increase in complex challenges that leaders face. Such challenges test the limits of an organization's current strategies and reveal the shortcomings of leadership. This article looks at ways leadership is shifting, the driving force of complexity, and the skills leaders need to be effective in the future.Design/methodology/approach – The study surveyed more than 350 mid‐ to upper‐level managers across the globe to explore the current and future state of leadership. Findings show 84 percent of surveyed participants believe that the definition of effective leadership has changed in the last five years. And more than 60 percent agree that leaders face challenges beyond their individual capabilities.Findings – The four trends that are driving this shift in leadership are globalization, ri...
Kin Expectations and Kin Support Among Rural Older Adults1

Relatively little attention has been given to the kin ties of rural older adults. To partially fill this gap in knowledge, kin selection theory was used as a conceptual framework to explore two questions on the extent rural older adults expect and receive assistance from the range of affinal and consanquineal kin and the factors that best explain the current level of support provided by each of the kin types in the family system. Analysis was based on interviews conducted in 1985–1986 with 368 rural older adults in the Piedmont region of North Carolina. Expectations of kin assistance were much higher than the actual level of support that was provided. Both expected and actual levels of assistance declined as the level of consanguineous kin and associated affinal ties decreased. The level of support provided by kin groups was mainly a function of geographic distance to kin and norms of obligation.
Histone deacetylase 7 associates with Runx2 and represses its activity during osteoblast maturation in a deacetylation-independent manner.

HDAC7 associates with Runx2 and represses Runx2 transcriptional activity in a deacetylase-independent manner. HDAC7 suppression accelerates osteoblast maturation. Thus, HDAC7 is a novel Runx2 co-repressor that regulates osteoblast differentiation. Introduction: Runx2 is a key regulator of gene expression in osteoblasts and can activate or repress transcription depending on interactions with various co-factors. Based on previous observations that several histone deacetylases (HDACs) repress Runx2 activity and that HDAC inhibitors accelerate osteoblast differentiation in vitro, we hypothesized that additional HDACs may also affect Runx2 activity. Materials and Methods: A panel of HDACs was screened for repressors of Runx2 activity. Immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, GST-pulldowns, and chromatin immunoprecipitations were used to characterize the interactions between Runx2 and HDAC7. Expression of osteoblast markers was examined in a C2C12 cell osteoblast differentiation model in which HDAC7 levels were reduced by RNAi. Results: Runx2 activity was repressed by HDAC7 but not by HDAC9, HDRP, HDAC10, or HDAC11. HDAC7 and Runx2 were found co-localized in nuclei and associated with Runx2-responsive promoter elements in osseous cells. A carboxy-terminal domain of Runx2 associated with multiple regions of HDAC7. Although direct interactions with Runx2 were confined to the carboxy terminus of HDAC7, this region was dispensable for repression. In contrast, the amino terminus of HDAC7 bound Runx2 indirectly and was necessary and sufficient for transcriptional repression. Treatment with HDAC inhibitors did not decrease inhibition by HDAC7, indicating that HDAC7 repressed Runx2 by deacetylation-independent mechanism(s). Suppression of HDAC7 expression in C2C12 multipotent cells by RNAi accelerated their BMP2-dependent osteoblast differentiation program. Consistent with this observation, BMP2 decreased nuclear localization of HDAC7. Conclusions: These results establish HDAC7 as a regulator of Runx2's transcriptional activity and suggest that HDAC7 may be an important regulator of the timing and/ or rate of osteoblast maturation.
A component based services architecture for building distributed applications

Describes an approach to building a distributed software component system for scientific and engineering applications that is based on representing Computational Grid services as application-level software components. These Grid services provide tools such as registry and directory services, event services and remote component creation. While a service-based architecture for grids and other distributed systems is not new, this framework provides several unique features. First, the public interfaces to each software component are described as XML documents. This allows many adaptors and user interfaces to be generated from the specification dynamically. Second, this system is designed to exploit the resources of existing Grid infrastructures like Globus and Legion, and commercial Internet frameworks like e-speak. Third, and most important, the component-based design extends throughout the system. Hence, tools such as application builders, which allow users to select components, start them on remote resources, and connect and execute them, are also interchangeable software components. Consequently, it is possible to build distributed applications using a graphical "drag-and-drop" interface, a Web-based interface, a scripting language like Python, or an existing tool such as Matlab.
Rank-based methods for multivariate linear models

Rank-based methods are used to develop a theory for the multivariate linear model analogous to least squares. Quadratic procedures for testing H[β0β′]′K = 0 are considered both with and without the assumption of Symmetrie errors. When testing the hypothesis HβK = 0, the reduced-model R estimate is shown to be asymptotically a linear function of the full-model R estimate. Three asymptotically equivalent test procedures are developed: quadratic, aligned rank, and drop in dispersion. An analysis of covariance example is considered using both rank and least squares procedures.
“In Every Drop of Dew”: Imagination and the Rhetoric of Assent in English Natural Religion

Abstract: Seventeenth-century “natural religion” in England included the work of many theologians and scientists who comprised a close-knit discourse community shaped by a common theology and many similarities in intellectual outlook. They developed a complex rhetoric compounded of probabilistic reasoning and a wide range of figurative conventions for the argument from design. These writings offer a rich intertext of discursive practices which are more classically rooted, more intuitive and imaginative in appeal, and simultaneously more probabilistic and less demonstrative in reasoning, than has generally been assumed. This essay focuses on the imaginative, figurative dimensions of this work, identifying its primary classical sources and its sanctions in the rhetorical theory of the time.
Characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana SMC1 and SMC3: evidence that AtSMC3 may function beyond chromosome cohesion

Structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins are conserved in most prokaryotes and all eukaryotes examined. SMC proteins participate in many different aspects of chromosome folding and dynamics. They play essential roles in complexes that are responsible for sister chromatid cohesion, chromosome condensation and DNA repair. As part of studies to better understand SMC proteins and sister chromatid cohesion in plants we have characterized Arabidopsis SMC1 and SMC3. Although transcripts for AtSMC1 and AtSMC3 are present throughout the plant, transcript levels for the two genes vary between different tissues. Cell fractionation and immunolocalization results showed that AtSMC3 was present in the nucleus and cytoplasm. In the nucleus, it is primarily associated with the nuclear matrix during interphase and with chromatin from prophase through anaphase in both somatic and meiotic cells. During mitosis and meiosis the protein also co-localized with the spindle from metaphase to telophase. The distribution of AtSMC3 in syn1 mutant plants indicated that SYN1 is required for the proper binding of AtSMC3 to meiotic chromosomes, but not the spindle. Data presented here represent the first detailed cytological study of a plant SMC protein and suggest that SMC3 may have multiple functions in plants.
Differentiation of F18ab+ from F18ac+ Escherichia coli by Single-Strand Conformational Polymorphism Analysis of the Major Fimbrial Subunit Gene (fedA)

Toxin-producing Escherichia coli expressing F18 fimbriae colonizes the small intestines of weaned pigs and causes diarrhea, edema disease, or both. The F18 family is composed of two antigenic variants, F18ab and F18ac. Because many strains do not express F18 fimbriae in vitro, identification and differentiation of these two variants are difficult. Single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis is a rapid method for identifying genetic mutations and polymorphisms. The F18 major fimbrial subunit genes (fedA) of 138 strains were amplified by PCR, and genetic differences were detected by SSCP analysis. The SSCP analysis of the fedA gene differentiated F18ab+ strains from F18ac+ strains. Most strains classified as F18ab+ by SSCP analysis contained Shiga toxin 2e and enterotoxin genes. Most strains classified as F18ac+ by SSCP analysis contained only enterotoxin genes. The SSCP analysis was a useful method for predicting the antigenicity of F18+ E. coli and could also be used for analysis of other virulence genes in E. coli and other pathogenic bacteria.
Professor–Student Rapport Scale Six Items Predict Student Outcomes

Rapport between students and teachers leads to numerous positive student outcomes, including attitudes toward the teacher and course, student motivation, and perceived learning. The recent development of a Professor–Student Rapport scale offers assessment of this construct. However, a Cronbach’s α of .96 indicated item redundancy, and the 34-item scale is unwieldy in a survey-heavy culture. In addition, the most valuable outcome of student learning is actual grades, which remained to be assessed. In the current study, we relied on principal component analysis to reduce the number of items on the Professor–Student Rapport scale and examine predictive power of fewer items. We measured traditional student outcomes such as attitudes, motivation, and perceived learning. We also assessed end-of-semester grades to remove any potential student bias in learning or grade reporting. Six rapport items concerning student engagement and enjoyment of a course predicted all student outcomes, including course grades.
Effects of grazing minnows and crayfish on stream ecosystem structure and function

AbstractWe compared the effects of 2 common grazers, southern redbelly dace (Phoxinus erythrogaster) and crayfish (Orconectes spp.), on ecosystem structure and function in experimental streams with pool and riffle habitats. Our goal was to identify potentially overlapping roles of these grazers in these systems. Measures of ecosystem structure included algal filament length, particulate organic matter (POM), densities of invertebrate taxa, and algal biomass. Ecosystem function was measured as gross primary productivity (GPP). Biomass-dependent effects of crayfish and dace on ecosystem properties were compared in autumn 2005 when mean water temperature was 12.9°C (range 7.6–27.9°C). Increasing crayfish biomass did not influence ecosystem properties, but increasing dace biomass negatively affected algal filament length and chironomid abundance and positively affected chydorid abundance. Effects of moderately high biomasses of dace and crayfish were compared in spring 2006 when mean water temperature was 21....
Analysis of source policy and its effects on TCP in rate-controlled ATM networks

This paper provides an analysis of the source policy in the rate-based congestion control scheme developed by the Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Forum for available bit rate service and derives approximate analytical closed-form expressions to describe the rate increase process. These approximations are used to analyze the impact of the source algorithm on the TCP slow-start process operating over a rate-controlled ATM network. The results show that the increase in TCP congestion window ramp-up time is noticeable when the round-trip delay is small. The results are verified by simulation.
The History and a Review of the Modelling and Fabrication of Photonic Crystals

An overview of the theoretical and experimental efforts in obtaining a photonic bandgap, a frequency band in three-dimensional dielectric structures in which electromagnetic (EM) waves are forbidden, is presented. Photonic crystals offer unique ways to tailor light and the propagation of EM waves.
HwPMI: an extensible performance monitoring infrastructure for improving hardware design and productivity on FPGAs

Designing hardware cores for FPGAs can quickly become a complicated task, difficult even for experienced engineers. With the addition of more sophisticated development tools and maturing high-level language-to-gates techniques, designs can be rapidly assembled; however, when the design is evaluated on the FPGA, the performance may not be what was expected. Therefore, an engineer may need to augment the design to include performance monitors to better understand the bottlenecks in the system or to aid in the debugging of the design. Unfortunately, identifying what to monitor and adding the infrastructure to retrieve the monitored data can be a challenging and time-consuming task. Our work alleviates this effort. We present the Hardware Performance Monitoring Infrastructure (HwPMI), which includes a collection of software tools and hardware cores that can be used to profile the current design, recommend and insert performance monitors directly into the HDL or netlist, and retrieve the monitored data with minimal invasiveness to the design. Three applications are used to demonstrate and evaluate HwPMI's capabilities. The results are highly encouraging as the infrastructure adds numerous capabilities while requiring minimal effort by the designer and low resource overhead to the existing design.
Functional performance of the knee after intraarticular anesthesia

Ten healthy young volunteers underwent gait analysis and tests of knee joint position sense. Gait analysis included determination of stride characteristics (veloc ity, cadence, gait cycle, stride length, and single limb support time), force plate analysis, and motion analysis of the knee. The tests of joint position sense examined the ability of the subject to reproduce passive position ing of the knee and the ability to detect change in angle at the knee joint. In a double-blind manner, 10 cc of sterile fluid were injected into the left knee of each volunteer. Five received 2% lidocaine, the other five received sterile saline. All tests were then repeated. No statistically significant difference was observed in any measurement before and after injection in either test group. It is concluded that intraarticular anesthesia has no effect on gait pattern or joint proprioception as measured.Intraarticular local anesthesia is used in sports medi cine to alleviate pain during arthroscopy of the knee under local...
Maternal effects on growth and competitive ability in a commonly used restoration species

Maternal effects in production gardens may improve or inhibit the performance of seeds planted in large-scale restoration. In ex situ experiments, we tested seeds of the native grass Poa secunda J. Presl (Poaceae) produced by the same maternal families grown in 3 different production garden environments. We measured progeny performance for 5 variables: germination, emergence, growth, competitive tolerance, and competitive ability. Seed size was correlated with root morphology, with larger seeds producing less root volume. Larger seeds conferred better germination and higher competitive ability only in some progeny growth environments. We found that the production garden affected seed size in some maternal families more than others. Also, other effects of the production garden were uncorrelated with seed size: early plant size, final plant size, and competitive tolerance. Adaptive maternal effects were found for germination in one production environment and for early plant size in another production environment. By understanding the influence of maternal effects under field conditions, we may be able to manipulate production environments to maximize the performance and competitive ability of restoration materials.
Superhydrophobic and stable mesoporous polymeric adsorbent for siloxane removal: D4 super-adsorbent

Synthesis of a new class of siloxane adsorbent (D4) was done to purify methane-rich gases including biogas and digester gas, at near ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. The nanoporous polymeric adsorbent with controlled wettability was successfully prepared under solvothermal conditions. Imidazole groups were introduced into the samples by copolymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) with 1-vinylimidazole (VI). The copolymer composition was varied to obtain optimum adsorption performance. Low-cost PDVB and PDVB-VI were evaluated under different adsorption conditions with a gas flow rate of 10 mL min−1. To simulate near real time biogas composition, 50%-relative humidity at 25 °C was maintained to assess the effect of humidity on D4 removal efficiency. In addition, the mixture gas was used to evaluate the adsorptive activity in the presence of CO2 (up to 35%). While PDVB alone demonstrates a significant adsorption activity with a capacity of 1951 ± 74 mg g−1, an improvement in adsorption capacity to 2370 ± 92 mg g−1, was noted with PDVB-VI. Characterization of exhausted adsorbent demonstrates the correlation between D4 adsorption and PDVB-VI-x textural properties. Finally, PDVB-VI-x was readily regenerated after five cycles with less than 10% loss in adsorption activity under both dry and humid conditions.
Trends in runoff in the Pacific Northwest

The diminution in runoff in the Pacific Northwest, particularly the Columbia River Basin, during the past 50 years, and its hydrologic significance are discussed in this paper. An analysis of the rainfall-runoff relations for the Basin is made in order to explain the different influence of short- and long-term precipitation factors on the diminution of runoff. The indicated effects of long-term precipitation may reflect the influence of ground-water storage.
Long-Term Behavior of Fixated Flue Gas Desulfurization Material Grout in Mine Drainage Environments

In this research, we examine the long-term ( ;4 years! behavior of fixated flue gas desulfurization ~FGD! material grout following placement within the Roberts-Dawson underground coal mine. Surface water and groundwater samples were collected to examine the impact of grouting on water quality, and core samples were obtained to assess the geochemical stability of the grout material. Surface water samples collected from the main seep at the Roberts-Dawson mine indicated that 4 years after grout placement the long-term fluxes of acidity, iron, sulfur, and calcium were slightly elevated compared to pregrout conditions. The long-term discharge of these constituents was likely due to continued dissolution of grout material ~for Ca and S! as well as changes in flow paths and subsequent solubilization of metal salts accumulated within the mine voids ~for acidity, Fe, Al, and S!. Although the fluxes of these elements were elevated, no measurable deleterious impact was observed for the underlying groundwater or adjacent surface water reservoir. Groundwater samples collected from monitoring wells installed within the grout material indicated that acid mine drainage waters were neutralized by the grout material. Mineralogical analyses demonstrated minimal penetration of mine drainage water into the high strength fixated FGD material grout, and little weathering of the material was observed. These data indicate that the high strength fixated FGD material grout injected into the Roberts-Dawson mine was geochemically stable and could locally neutralize mine drainage waters. However, more complete grouting and more extensive mine flooding is likely needed in order to bring about significant improvements in seep water quality.
Creating speaker-specific phonetic templates with a speaker-independent phonetic recognizer: implications for voice dialing

We present a new approach to speaker dependent template generation which uses dramatically less storage to represent a speaker's words, with minimal degradation in recognition accuracy. In this approach, the symbolic string produced by a speaker-independent phonetic recognizer is used to represent utterances. We investigate effective procedures for template generation, and compare the results of these procedures to templates represented by acoustic parameters for utterances produced with different telephone handsets. The use of speaker-specific templates led to a reduction of about 1:500 in data-storage requirements with comparable recognition accuracy. We also compare recognition performance for speaker-specific and speaker-independent templates, and for combinations of the two. The results showed that combining speaker-specific and speaker-independent templates produces better recognition performance than either alone. A voice dialing system is described which incorporates the speaker-specific templates.
Aortopulmonary collaterals in single-ventricle congenital heart disease: how much do they count?

Broadly defined, aortopulmonary collateral blood vessels (APCs) arise from the systemic arteries and supply blood to the pulmonary circulation. In the setting of acquired and congenital pulmonary and cardiac disease, the number and caliber of these vessels can increase and lead to a significant systemic-to-pulmonary shunt. APCs typically arise from the descending aorta, subclavian artery branches, and bronchial and intercostal arteries. Unlike normal bronchial arteries, they often supply flow to the terminal respiratory unit and do not necessarily travel in close proximity to the bronchial tree. Prominent APCs are associated with a variety of congenital heart diseases but are more prevalent with cyanotic lesions, particularly tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary valve atresia. APCs are also commonly found in patients with single-ventricle heart disease, and their extent may fluctuate with successive surgical procedures.1–4 The impact and assessment of APCs in patients with a functionally single ventricle is the focus of the discussion that follows. Article see p 219 From a physiological standpoint, APCs may have both beneficial and adverse consequences. The principal advantageous effect of APCs is to improve systemic arterial oxygen saturation by increasing pulmonary blood flow leading to a higher “mixed” saturation in the ventricle. In addition, APCs may potentially inhibit the development of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in patients with a bidirectional Glenn shunt by providing a route for hepatic venous blood to reach the lungs. Among the negative effects of APC flow is that it can compete with and limit the more effective, lower saturated blood flow to the lungs from the pulmonary arteries. Also of concern is that all APC flow returns to the single ventricle and thereby results in an additional volume load. Because these patients are at risk for the development of systolic and diastolic heart failure and atrioventricular valve regurgitation, any increased work …
An efficient information access scheme for mobile objects

Recently moving object databases have attracted a lot of attention due to rapid technological developments in location aware systems used in a variety of applications such as vehicle navigation devices, air traffic monitoring systems and more. The most important issue in moving object databases is indexing, using existing indexing methods on continuously changing data will lead to serious performance overhead due to the fact that the index structure should be updated frequently and constantly which is clearly not an appropriate solution. Therefore new methods must be employed in moving object databases to address the indexing issue. This paper introduces Delineated R-tree (DR-tree) indexing structure which has performance advantages over other R-tree based indexing methods. DR-tree is a highly balanced tree, and the nodes common property is based on the principle of recursive decomposition of space without any overlap.
The dynamic mechanical properties of hypalon‐20 synthetic rubber at small strains

The dynamic mechanical properties at small strains have been determined for Hypalon-20 synthetic rubber, a commerical elastomer, by means of an electromagnetic transducer which is a modification of one described by Marvin, Fitzgerald, and Ferry. The measurements cover frequencies from 25 to 2500 cycles/sec. at twelve temperatures ranging from −8.4 to 68.4°C. Values of the real portion of the shear modulus (G′) vary from 7 × 106 to 2.1 × 109 dynes/cm.2, and those of the imaginary portion (G″) from 2.1 × 106 to 9 × 108 dynes/cm.2. The method of reduced variables (i.e., temperature-frequency superposition) is applicable and is used to extend G′ and G″ over the range 10−1 to 109 radians/sec. At 25°C., G″/G′ = 1.3 at its maximum at 105 radians/sec. The general function for the temperature dependence of mechanical properties proposed by Williams, Landel, and Ferry is valid up to 35°C. if one uses −24.5°C. for the glass transition temperature (Tg); dilatometrically Tg = −28 ± 1°C. The distribution function of relaxation times H(τ) has a pronounced maximum at about τ = 10−8 sec., decreases with a slope of about −0.57 (for log H versus log τ) to about τ = 10−3 sec., and is nearly flat from τ = 10−2 to 10 sec. H (τ) for Hypalon-20 is similar to those for polyisobutylene and polyhexene-1.
FIELD NETWORK RESEARCH IN POLICY EVALUATION

The field-network evaluation studies (FNES) approach to policy evaluation research seeks to overcome deficiencies of small-sample case study method and of the large-sample survey research approach. Methodologically, FNES uses many of the familiar techniques of both these approaches interviews, data collection and analysis, limited sampling, field observation, and document analysis. The crucial difference is sample size. The FNES approach using a middle-range sample of 50 to 60 research sites has the advantages of the case study method in being able to provide an in depth account of a program and how it operates, and is sufficiently flexible to permit a shift in the analytical framework as the research proceeds thus overcoming the inflexibility of the instruments of survey research. Seven major studies employing the FNES approach have been carried out or are underway in the United States of America. The principal components of the methodology are a network of university-based field associates and a central management group. The field associates collect the information and the data using a uniform analytical framework and reporting form. The central staff aggregates these analyses into a single report that cuts across the sample. This approach and the use of a middle-range sample make it possible to draw generalizable conclusions based on the national experience, and also provide sufficient detail to differentiate policy impacts among the sample jurisdictions.
Utility of Neurodiagnostic Studies in the Diagnosis of Autoimmune Encephalitis in Children

Abstract Background Autoimmune encephalitis is currently a clinical diagnosis without widely accepted diagnostic criteria, often leading to a delay in diagnosis. The utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) in this disease is unknown. The objective of this study was to identify disease-specific patterns of neurodiagnostic studies (MRI and EEG) for autoimmune encephalitis in children. Methods We completed a retrospective chart review of encephalopathic patients seen at a large pediatric hospital over a four year interval. Clinical presentation, autoantibody status, and MRI and EEG findings were identified and compared. Individuals with autoantibodies were considered "definite" cases, whereas those without antibodies or those with only thyroperoxidase antibodies were characterized as "suspected." Results Eighteen patients met the inclusion criteria and autoantibodies were identified in nine of these. The patients with definite autoimmune encephalitis had MRI abnormalities within limbic structures, most notably the anteromedial temporal lobes (56%). Only individuals with suspected disease had nontemporal lobe cortical lesions. Sixteen patients had an EEG and 13 (81%) of these were abnormal. The most common findings were abnormal background rhythm (63%), generalized slowing (50%), focal slowing (43%), and focal epileptiform discharges (31%). Sleep spindle abnormalities occurred in 38% of patients. There were no specific differences in the EEG findings between the definite and suspected cases. Focal EEG findings only correlated with a focal lesion on MRI in a single definite case. Conclusions Pediatric patients with definite autoimmune encephalitis have a narrow spectrum of MRI abnormalities. Conversely, EEG abnormalities are mostly nonspecific. All patients in our cohort had abnormalities on one or both of these neurodiagnostic studies.
Antiplatelet therapies for secondary stroke prevention: an update on clinical and cost-effectiveness

Stroke exacts a huge toll physically, mentally and economically. Antiplatelet therapy is the cornerstone of secondary stroke prevention, and proven drugs available to successfully realize this therapeutic strategy for the long term include aspirin, dipyridamole plus aspirin and clopidogrel. However, government agencies, corporations, health plans and patients desire more information about the clinical- and cost-effectiveness of these established therapies in real-world settings. This paper provides an update on evidence-based secondary stroke prevention with antiplatelet medications, discusses cost-related issues and offers perspective about the future.
A validated model to predict microalgae growth in outdoor pond cultures subjected to fluctuating light intensities and water temperatures

A microalgae growth model was developed for predicting biomass productivity in outdoor ponds under nutrient-replete conditions and diurnally fluctuating light intensities and water temperatures. The model was validated for three different species (Chlorella sorokiniana, Nannochloropsis salina, Picochlorum sp.), successfully predicting biomass growth and productivity in all three cases in raceway pond cultures. The model can be run in batch and continuous culture mode at different culture depths and, in addition to incident sunlight and water temperature data, requires the following experimentally determined strain-specific input parameters: growth rate as a function of light intensity and temperature, biomass loss rate in the dark as a function of temperature and light intensity during the preceding light period, and the scatter-corrected biomass light absorption coefficient. Light attenuation due to biomass was estimated on the basis of a scatter-corrected Beer–Lambert law in a culture theoretically divided into discrete volume layers which receive decreasing amounts of light with depth. Sensitivity of model predictions to deviations in input parameters was moderate. To increase the predictive power of this and other microalgae biomass growth models, a better understanding is needed of the effects of mixing-induced rapid light–dark cycles on photo-inhibition and short-term biomass losses due to dark respiration in the aphotic zone of the pond. The model is also applicable to photobioreactor cultures.
Modulation of transferrin receptor mRNA by transferrin-gallium in human myeloid HL60 and lymphoid CCRF-CEM leukaemic cells

Gallium binds to the iron transport protein transferrin (Tf), is incorporated into cells through transferrin receptors (TfR) and inhibits iron-dependent DNA synthesis. Since cellular TfR expression is tightly regulated by the availability of iron, we investigated the effects of transferrin-gallium (Tf-Ga) on TfR mRNA levels in myeloid HL60 and lymphoid CCRF-CEM cells. In HL60 cells, Tf-Ga increased TfR mRNA levels in a dose-dependent fashion. This increase in TfR mRNA was blocked by Tf-Fe and by cycloheximide. Analysis of the rate of mRNA decay in the presence of actinomycin D revealed that the half-life of TfR mRNA was increased in HL60 cells incubated with Tf-Ga. The rate of transcription of TfR mRNA was not increased by Tf-Ga. In contrast with HL60 cells, CCRF-CEM cells displayed a decrease in the level of TfR mRNA after incubation with Tf-Ga. Tf-Ga inhibited iron uptake in both HL60 and CCRF-CEM cells but increased the level of TfR mRNA only in HL60 cells, suggesting that the Tf-Ga induction of TfR mRNA was not solely due to inhibition of cellular iron uptake. At growth-inhibitory concentrations, Tf-Ga increased the TfR mRNA level in HL60 cells but decreased it in CCRF-CEM cells. Our studies suggest that in HL60 cells, gallium regulates TfR expression at the post-transcriptional level by mechanisms which require de novo protein synthesis and involve interaction with iron. The divergent effects of Tf-Ga on TfR mRNA in myeloid HL60 and lymphoid CCRF-CEM cells suggest that differences exist in the regulation of TfR expression between these two cell types.
INCREASING TRICHOMONAS TESTING IN THE PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT

Background Trichomonas is a common adolescent sexually transmitted infection (STI), causing vaginal pain, discharge and dysuria. Affected individuals are more likely to have co-occurrence of other STIs as well, including HIV. Improving the Trichomonas testing process in the ED may result in a higher, targeted testing rate and thus improved detection and treatment. Objectives To increase Trichomonas testing in the ED among high-risk adolescent patients from 40% in July 2014 to 100% by March 31,2015 and sustain through 2015. Methods A team of MDs, CRNPs, RNs and QI professionals assembled in 2014 to address this need. Six months data was collected to define the baseline rate of testing. Deploying the IHI Model for Improvement, the team formulated an aim statement and identified key drivers. Using root cause analysis, interventions were proposed for each problem area. A series of PDSA cycles were undertaken, and the results of each were monitored using a control chart. These interventions included increasing awareness and education for clinical staff; combined test availability; use of order sets for STI; and adding Licensed Professional Initiated Protocol to nurse ordering practice. This was all done in conjunction with feedback for individual missed cases. Results Over an 18 month period, the rate of Trichomonas testing in the ED rose with each intervention: from 25% (January 2014) to 98% (March 2015) which has been sustained through August of 2015. Conclusions Improving the process of Trichomonas testing of symptomatic adolescents in the ED, results in higher screening rates among ED pediatric providers.[⇓][1][⇓][2] ![Figure 1][3] Figure 1 Trichomonas testing in the ED. ![Figure 2][3] Figure 2 Adolescents with STD and Trichomonas testing. [1]: #F1 [2]: #F2 [3]: pending:yes
Critical currents in inhomogeneous triangular Josephson arrays: a model for polycrystalline superconductors

The current-voltage characteristics of polycrystalline superconducting films are modeled as a triangular array of resistively-shunted Josephson junctions. The variation observed experimentally in YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7} grain boundary critical currents as a function of the crystallographic misorientation angle has been explicitly taken into account by randomly distributing two different values of the grain boundary critical currents throughout the array. In this paper, the authors calculate I-V characteristics for these random systems, obtain a scaling relation for the critical current, and examine some functional forms relating the voltage to the input current. Our finding of a characteristic length scale greater than the average grain diameter for critical currents in superconducting films has implications for other properties of polycrystalline materials.
Abstract 661: Genetic Interference with Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma in Vascular Muscle Impairs Cerebrovascular Responses to Nitric Oxide and Enhances Myogenic Tone Via a Rho Kinase-Dependent Mechanism

Cerebral arteries are important resistance vessels in brain and play a crucial role in regulating cerebral blood flow. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a major role in the cerebral circulation influencing vascular structure and blood flow, mediating endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and contributing to neurovascular coupling. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that may play a protective role in the vasculature by enhancing NO signaling and inhibiting increases in vascular tone. We tested whether cell-specific interference with PPARγ in smooth muscle would alter responses to NO and increase myogenic tone in cerebral arteries. We studied mice expressing either a dominant negative mutation of human PPARγ (P467L) or increased expression of WT PPARγ (S-WT) in smooth muscle (S-P467L). In basilar arteries, vasodilation to nitroprusside (NO donor) was markedly impaired in S-P467L compared with S-WT or non-transgenic mice (NT) (e.g. 1 μM nitroprusside: NT, 60±6% vs. S-WT, 63±2% vs. S-P467L, 16±3%, n=6-11). As PPARγ may suppress rho kinase signaling, we examined its role in regulating responses to NO. Impaired vasodilation to nitroprusside in S-P467L mice were restored to normal by an inhibitor of rho kinase (Y27632, 3 μM). Angiotensin II (Ang II) activates rho kinase via AT1 receptors. As AT1-mediated effects may also be suppressed by PPARγ, we examined effects of an AT1 receptor antagonist (losartan). Losartan (1 μM) completely inhibited vasoconstriction to Ang II and increased responses to nitroprusside to ∼70% of normal in S-P467L mice. In response to intraluminal pressure (75 mmHg), middle cerebral arteries (MCA) from S-P467L mice constricted 31±4% compared with 9±2% for NT (n=7-8). Dilation of MCA from S-P467L mice to acetylcholine was significantly impaired compared with controls, whereas dilation to papaverine was similar between genotypes. Treatment of the MCA from S-P467L mice with Y27632 abolished the augmentation of myogenic tone (control, 34±5% vs. Y27632, 9±4%, n=7). These findings suggest that PPARγ in vascular muscle normally inhibits rho kinase, influencing responses to NO and myogenic tone in small resistance arteries.
Exudative retinal detachment following grid laser photocoagulation in a patient with hemiretinal vein occlusion.

Purpose To report a patient with unilateral hemiretinal vein occlusion and macular edema who developed exudative macular detachment after grid laser application. Methods Clinical examinations, fundus photography and fluorescein angiography. Results Severe macular edema and exudation. Conclusions This case illustrates a previously unreported complication of grid laser application for macular edema in retinal vein occlusion.
Potent Typing Sera Produced by Treatment of Donors with Isolated Blood Group Specific Substances.

ConclusionsThe intravenous treatment of donors with purified A and B specific substances isolated from animal sources leads to a considerable increase in isoantibody titer. The substances used were highly purified and did not contain any demonstrable hog or horse protein. The administration of even small amounts is effective and results in the production of sera which are characterized by high titer, speed and specificity. The procedure described easily permits the production of large quantities of very potent typing serum.
A Note on Golomb's “Cyclotomic Polynomials and Factorization Theorems”

(1981). A Note on Golomb's “Cyclotomic Polynomials and Factorization Theorems”. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 88, No. 10, pp. 753-753.
Hepatocyte Primary Cultures

Liver tissue has been used to study regeneration and carcinogenesis, as well as a whole array of liver-specific differentiated functions, including regulation and synthesis of blood proteins, coagulation factors, lipoproteins. The multiple homeostatic functions supported by liver mandate that liver is involved in studies affecting the regulation of components of particular circuits of homeostatic regulation. Given the complexity of studies in vivo, in which multiple interacting factors often defy a logical analysis of the results, establishment of primary cultures of hepatocytes was intended to provide a system in which all parameters for these studies could be controlled. One of the objectives leading to the creation of the early primary cultures was the establishment of conditions that would lead to the controlled growth and clonal expansion of differentiated hepatocytes. This "holy grail" of hepatocyte cultures has not been yet fully achieved. It has, however, become the guiding vision that led to numerous studies that yielded very useful knowledge on hepatic differentiation, regeneration, and carcinogenesis. In the more than 20 yr since the first primary cultures of hepatocytes (1), and with literally thousands of publications using hepatocyte cultures, primary hepatocyte cultures have fulfilled most of the original intentions of their design. It was discovered by the use of hepatocyte cultures that epidermal growth factor (EGF) (2) and acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) (3) are mitogens for hepatocytes.
Zika virus: emergency and aftercare of patients.

Zika virus, a mosquito-borne vector, is an emerging population health threat, and is linked to fetal microcephaly, pregnancy loss and neurologic symptoms like Guillain-Barre syndrome. Global travel and migration increase the risk of transmission significantly, and growing numbers of cases are expected internationally. This article describes transmission of the virus, early and late clinical manifestations, and emergency and supportive care. It also recommends interventions for prevention.
Locus of Control as a Mediator: A Study of College Students’ Reactions to Teachers’ Attempts to Gain Compliance

(1986). Locus of Control as a Mediator: A Study of College Students’ Reactions to Teachers’ Attempts to Gain Compliance. Annals of the International Communication Association: Vol. 9, Communication Yearbook 9, pp. 691-704.
Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma of the Breast: Incidence, Patterns of Care, and Outcome in the US Population

Background: Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) of the breast is a recently described clinicopathologic entity, almost always associated with breast implants, and does not overexpress the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) protein. Using the two largest US cancer databases, we describe its incidence, patterns of care, and clinical outcome. Methods: Incidence rate was calculated using 2000-2011 data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program and age-adjusted to the US 2000 standard population. For patient level data, we used the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) Participant User File. We included all adult patients diagnosed from 1998-2011 with ALCL (ICD-O-3: 99714) who had breast as the primary site. Results: The incidence of breast ALCL was 0.001 per million. We identified 61 cases from NCDB. All of the patients were females and they were predominantly White (88.5%). The median age at diagnosis was 64 years (range, 18-90). The stage distribution was I (45.9%), II (21.3%), III (0%), IV (9.8%), and unknown (21.3%). The pattern of initial treatment was surgery alone (13.1%), chemotherapy alone (32.7%), chemotherapy and radiation (19.7%), surgery and chemotherapy (4.9%), surgery and radiation (4.9%), and tri-modality treatment (13.1%). In 7 patients (11.5%), no treatment was given. Two patients (1.6%) received stem cell transplant (1 autologous, 1 allogeneic) as part of initial treatment, one after chemotherapy and another one after surgery and chemotherapy. Overall survival data was available for patients diagnosed in 1998-2006 (29 patients). The median overall survival was 149.8 months (range, 2.6-157.9). Conclusions: ALCL of the breast is very rare. It presents mainly as early stage disease with very good prognosis. The patterns of care varied, although most patients received chemotherapy as part of the initial treatment. | Treatment type received | Frequency | Percent | Cumulative Frequency | Cumulative Percent | | ---------------------------- | --------- | ------- | ---------------------------- | -------------------------- | | Chemo only | 20 | 32.79 | 20 | 32.79 | | Surgery only | 8 | 13.11 | 28 | 45.90 | | Chemo, Radiation, No surgery | 12 | 19.67 | 40 | 65.57 | | Chemo, Surgery, No radiation | 3 | 4.92 | 43 | 70.49 | | Radiation, Surgery, No Chemo | 3 | 4.92 | 46 | 75.41 | | All three combined | 8 | 13.11 | 54 | 88.52 | | Nothing | 7 | 11.48 | 61 | 100.00 | Table 1. Disclosures Parsons: Celgene: Speakers Bureau.
Incarceration Rates and Traits of Sexual Minorities in the United States: National Inmate Survey, 2011-2012.

Objectives. To report characteristics of sexual minority US inmates.Methods. We drew our data from the National Inmate Survey, 2011–2012, a probability sample of inmates in US prisons and jails. We determined weighted proportions and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals to estimate differences between sexual minority and heterosexual inmates.Results. Sexual minorities (those who self-identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual or report a same-sex sexual experience before arrival at the facility) were disproportionately incarcerated: 9.3% of men in prison, 6.2% of men in jail, 42.1% of women in prison, and 35.7% of women in jail were sexual minorities. The incarceration rate of self-identified lesbian, gay, or bisexual persons was 1882 per 100 000, more than 3 times that of the US adult population. Compared with straight inmates, sexual minorities were more likely to have been sexually victimized as children, to have been sexually victimized while incarcerated, to have experienced solitary confinement and ...
Normal Data-Generating Processes

The normal distribution and the normal data-generating process appear almost everywhere in statistics and are encountered frequently in geophysical applications. The reason for the omnipresence of the normal process lies mostly in the Central Limit Theorem, a very important and powerful theorem of statistics which states that in the limit, as n becomes large, the mean value of a set of n independent realizations from any probability distribution will have a normal distribution. The only condition is that the original variable should come from a distribution with finite mean and variance.1 The mean of the resulting normal distribution will be the mean of the initial distribution and the variance will be 1/n times the variance of the original population.
Physical Function Does Not Predict Care Assessment Need Score in Older Veterans.

Objective: The Veterans Health Administration’s Care Assessment Need (CAN) score is a statistical model, aimed to predict high-risk patients. We were interested in determining if a relationship exi...