cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Charismatic Ethnography in the Charismatic Caribbean

Chapter 3 explains the methodological approach of the book that requires moving beyond the conventional methods of qualitative research to delve deeper into the fabric of social life in the English-speaking Caribbean. Just as religious leaders needed to develop their own form of Charismatic networking to move across political borders, this ethnography requires Charismatic ethnographic networking across borders and finding the ethnographic it.
Perioperative fluid status and surgical outcomes in patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer

Abstract Objective The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of fluid status on perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods Patients undergoing CRS for stage III or IV EOC at a comprehensive cancer center from 12/2010 to 05/2015 were identified. Those who underwent upper abdominal procedures or colon resections were included. Demographic, perioperative, and 30-day complication data were collected. Perioperative weight change was utilized as a surrogate for fluid status. The time to diuresis (tD) was defined as the postoperative day the patient's weight began to downtrend. Results One hundred ten patients were included. Median age was 62 years and median BMI 25.8 kg/m2. The majority (74.5%) were stage IIIC. At least 1 bowel resection was performed in 60 cases (54.5%). A median of 5381 mL of crystalloid (range 1000–17,550 mL) and 500 mL of colloids (range 0–2783 mL) was given intraoperatively. The median perioperative weight change was + 7.3 kg (range − 0.9 kg to + 35.7 kg). The median tD was 3 days (range 1–17 days). On univariate analysis, net positive fluid status was associated with unscheduled reoperation, anastomotic leak, surgical site infections (SSI), and length of stay > 5 days. On multivariate analysis, fluid status was independently associated with SSI (p = 0.01). Conclusions Perioperative fluid excess is common in patients undergoing CRS for EOC and is independently associated with SSI.
Estimation of carrying capacity in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Abstract For plant populations, carrying capacity is the maximum number or biomass of a species that can be sustained under finite site resources on a long-term basis. This study was aimed at estimating the carrying capacity in planted stands of loblolly pine. Maximum stand basal area (BA) that can be sustained over a long period of time can be regarded as a measure of carrying capacity. To quantify and project stand BA carrying capacity, one approach is to use the estimate from a fitted cumulative BA-age equation; another approach is to obtain BA estimates implied by maximum size-density relationships (MSDRs), denoted implied maximum stand BA. The efficacy of three diameter-based MSDR measures: Reineke’s self-thinning rule, competition-density rule and Nilson’s sparsity index, were evaluated. Estimates from these three MSDR measures were compared with estimates from the Chapman-Richards (C-R) equation fitted to the maximum stand BA observed on plots from spacing trials. The spacing trials, established in two physiographic regions (Piedmont and Coastal Plain) in the southeastern United States, and at two different scales (operational and miniature) were examined to provide an empirical basis for potential carrying capacity of loblolly pine. Results showed that the value of implied maximum stand BA converted from three diameter-based MSDR measures was similar to the maximum stand BA curve obtained from the C-R equation. All three MSDR measures provided similar estimates of stand BA carrying capacity, with Nilson’s sparsity index yielding the most stable and reliable estimate. The potential stand BA carrying capacity between the two physiographic regions was significantly different. The maximum stand BA associated with planting density developed similarly at the operational and miniature scales.
Acquired Pure Red Cell Aplasia Associated with Alemtuzumab, Mycophenolate, and Daclizumab Immunosuppression after Pancreas Transplant.

Abstract Acquired pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare disorder that may be associated with malignancy, infections, connective tissue disorders, pregnancy and drugs. Recently, we observed PRCA in pancreas transplant patients treated with a new immunosuppressive regimen. Since 1966, the University of Minnesota Medical Center (UMMC) has performed 1577 pancreas transplants. Since February 2003, 280 pancreas transplants were treated with a new immunosuppressive protocol involving induction and maintenance with (n=190) or conversion to (n=90) alemtuzumab (humanized anti-CD52) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). Daclizumab (humanized anti-CD25, IL-2 receptor) was added when MMF dosing was limited by neutropenia. Between September 2004 and July 2005, 12 patients receiving the triple drug combination were diagnosed with PRCA. All 12 had prolonged exposure to MMF and/or a calcineurin inhibitor (cyclosporine, tacrolimus) prior to induction with [n=8] or conversion to [n=4] the above protocol. Eight subjects had bone marrow biopsies performed and reviewed at UMMC, and 4 additional patients received the diagnosis of PRCA at other institutions. All cases showed similar morphologic features, including dysgranulopoiesis, erythroid aplasia or marked hypoplasia with evidence of maturation, megakaryocytic hyperplasia with normal or low peripheral platelet counts, and atypical lymphoid aggregates in bone marrow trephine sections. Cytogenetic studies showed normal karyotypes. Severe reticulocytopenia was present in all subjects. In one subject, an extramedullary post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder was diagnosed simultaneously. Another patient developed atypical reactive lymphadenopathy. Acute parvovirus infection was excluded by serology or polymerase chain reaction in 11 cases. Erythropoietin, when used, was started after the diagnosis or maintained through recovery of PRCA. Two patients died, one (post conversion) of PRCA associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia and one (post induction) of ischemic heart disease. MMF was either discontinued (n=8) or dose reduced (n=2) in the remaining 10 subjects, with improvement in hemoglobin or decreased transfusion requirements in 8 patients. The single patient in whom a follow-up bone marrow biopsy was obtained after clinical recovery showed normal erythropoiesis. Ten patients developed infections with cytomegalovirus (n=7), BK virus (n=3), Zygomyces (n=1), Aspergillus versicolor (n=1), and Mycobacteria Simiae/Interjectum (n= 1). Hypogammaglobulinemia was a common finding. We conclude that reversible PRCA is associated with the immunosuppressive protocol including alemtuzumab, MMF, and daclizumab.
Abstract 129: Liver-Specific and Intestine-Specific ACAT2 Knockout Mice Are Equally Protected from Diet-Induced Hepatic Cholesterol Accumulation

Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) is exclusively expressed in the small intestine and liver. ACAT2 facilitates the movement of cholesterol among tissues by generating cholesteryl ester (CE) for packaging into newly synthesized chylomicrons and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). In these studies we investigated whether CE derived from either the intestine or liver would differentially affect hepatic and plasma cholesterol homeostasis. For this purpose, we generated both liver-specific (ACAT2L-/L-) and intestine-specific (ACAT2SI-/SI-) ACAT2 knockout mice, and studied dietary cholesterol-induced hepatic lipid accumulation and hypercholesterolemia. Interestingly, diet-induced accumulation of hepatic CE was similarly decreased in both ACAT2L-/L- and ACAT2SI-/SI- mice, and free cholesterol did not build up in the liver. Compared with control mice, both ACAT2L-/L- and ACAT2SI-/SI- mice had lower levels of plasma VLDL-cholesterol but higher plasma triglycerides. ACAT2SI-/SI- but not ACAT2L-/L- mice had blunted cholesterol absorption. Collectively, both ACAT2L-/L- and ACAT2SI-/SI- mice were equally protected from diet-induced hepatic CE accumulation and hypercholesterolemia. These results suggest that inhibition of either intestinal or hepatic ACAT2 improves atherogenic hyperlipidemia and limits hepatic CE accumulation in mice, indicating that inhibition of ACAT2 expression in either tissue likely would be beneficial for atheroprotection.
Bourdieu viene a la ciudad: pertinencia, principios, aplicaciones

Este articulo presenta los temas y contribuciones de la doble seccion de “Eventos y debates” llamada “Llevando a Bourdieu a la ciudad”. Primero establezco la pertinencia de la sociologia de Bourdieu para los investigadores de la ciudad, revisitando su temprana obra desarrollada en Bearne y Argelia sobre el poder, el espacio y la urbanizacion, vinculandola a su diseccion posterior del sufrimiento social en la metropoli francesa. A continuacion, pongo en relieve cuatro principios transversales que animan la practica investigativa de Bourdieu y que pueden fructiferamente guiar la investigacion urbana: (1) el imperativo bachelardiano de la ruptura y la vigilancia epistemologica, (2) el mandato weberiano para efectuar la triple historizacion del agente (habitus), el mundo (espacio social, del cual el campo es solo un subtipo), y las categorias del analista (reflexividad epistemica), (3) la invitacion leibnizianadurkheimiana para desplegar el modo topologico del razonamiento para rastrear las correspondencias mutuas entre el espacio simbolico, el espacio social y el espacio fisico, y (4) el momento cassireriano que nos insta a reconocer la eficacia constitutiva de las estructuras simbolicas. Tambien senalo tres trampas que los exploradores bourdianos de la ciudad deben tener especial cuidado para evitar: la fetichizacion de los conceptos, las seducciones de un “hablar bourdiano” sin realizar las operaciones de investigacion que las nociones de Bourdieu estipulan, y la imposicion forzada de su marco teorico en bloque cuando se utiliza de forma mas productiva en conjunto mediante la transposicion.
A Flexible Identification Strategy for DABNet Models

Abstract The focus of this paper is to introduce a flexible identification strategy for a general class of models. We use DABNet models, which are composed of a linear state space system whose states, de- coupled by input, are mapped by a neural network. The linear state space matrices can be represented as loosely coupled first and second order sections. A set of conditions will be analyzed for this kind of model that allows an identification process to be as flexible as possible. By flexible we mean a set of features that would be desirable to find in an identification approach: constraint handling and optimal-input design.
Controlling Rooting-Out of B&B Nursery Stock During Storage

Abstract Cupric hydroxide formulated as Spin Out™ (7% Cu(OH)2 in a latex carrier, w/w) was used to prevent rooting-out of Taxus × media Rehd. ‘Densiformis’ root balls into surrounding mulch or soil during storage over a four-month period. Treatments included: painting the bottom of the root ball with Spin Out™, setting the root ball on Spin Out™-treated burlap or on untreated burlap, and rewrapping the root ball with Spin Out™-treated burlap or burlapping using Spin Out™-treated burlap before mulching. All treatments provided some control of rooting-out after 12 to 16 weeks storage. The most effective treatments were 1) in unmulched situations, setting the root ball on Spin Out™-treated burlap (92% reduction in root count after 16 weeks), and 2) in mulched situations, either rewrapping or burlapping with Spin Out™-treated burlap (90% and 86% reduction in root count, respectively, after 16 weeks). Using Spin Out™-treated burlap to prevent rooting-out during storage can reduce the incidence of re-balling an...
The NASA Carbon Airborne Flux Experiment (CARAFE): instrumentation and methodology

Abstract. The exchange of trace gases between the Earth's surface and atmosphere strongly influences atmospheric composition. Airborne eddy covariance can quantify surface fluxes at local to regional scales (1–1000 km), potentially helping to bridge gaps between top-down and bottom-up flux estimates and offering novel insights into biophysical and biogeochemical processes. The NASA Carbon Airborne Flux Experiment (CARAFE) utilizes the NASA C-23 Sherpa aircraft with a suite of commercial and custom instrumentation to acquire fluxes of carbon dioxide, methane, sensible heat, and latent heat at high spatial resolution. Key components of the CARAFE payload are described, including the meteorological, greenhouse gas, water vapor, and surface imaging systems. Continuous wavelet transforms deliver spatially resolved fluxes along aircraft flight tracks. Flux analysis methodology is discussed in depth, with special emphasis on quantification of uncertainties. Typical uncertainties in derived surface fluxes are 40–90 % for a nominal resolution of 2 km or 16–35 % when averaged over a full leg (typically 30–40 km). CARAFE has successfully flown two missions in the eastern US in 2016 and 2017, quantifying fluxes over forest, cropland, wetlands, and water. Preliminary results from these campaigns are presented to highlight the performance of this system.
The nonglucose melliturias.

Publisher Summary A brief summary of nonglucose melliturias, exclusive of galactosuria, is presented. Mellituria is categorized into the following groups: (1) urinary sugars found in normal individuals, (2) mellituria secondary to hepatic or renal damage, (3) mellituria resulting from abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract, and (4) heritable abnormalities resulting in a deficiency of an enzyme, primarily in the liver, that is necessary for the normal metabolism of sugar. The metabolism of different sugars is summarized and methods for identification are enumerated. The first step in the study of mellituria of any type is the detection of the presence of an increased amount of sugar in the urine. The finding of urine that has a positive Benedict reaction, but a negative glucose oxidase reaction, is the simplest screening method for the detection of nonglucose melliturias. Urine specimens that are collected for identification and quantitation of the sugar(s) present can be adequately preserved by adding toluene to the container and keeping the urine cool until processed. The chapter describes conventional techniques, quantitative colorimetric methods, and paper chromatography. Ionophoresis is employed for the separation of sugars and has the advantage of speed; the separation requires only 2 hours. The chapter discusses clinical conditions associated with mellituria.
Corrosion of candidate container materials by Yucca Mountain bacteria

Several candidate container materials have been studied in modified Yucca Mountain (YM) ground water in the presence or absence of YM bacteria. YM bacteria increased corrosion rates by 5-6 fold in UNS G10200 carbon steel, and nearly 100-fold in UNS NO4400 Ni-Cu alloy. YM bacteria caused microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) through de-alloying or Ni-depletion of Ni-Cu alloy as evidenced by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) and inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) analysis. MIC rates of more corrosion-resistant alloys such as UNS NO6022 Ni-Cr- MO-W alloy, UN's NO6625 Ni-Cr-Mo alloy, and UNS S30400 stainless steel were measured below 0.05 umyr, however YM bacteria affected depletion of Cr and Fe relative to Ni in these materials. The chemical change on the metal surface caused by depletion was characterized in anodic polarization behavior. The anodic polarization behavior of depleted Ni-based alloys was similar to that of pure Ni. Key words: MIC, container materials, YM bacteria, de-alloying, Ni-depletion, Cr-depletion, polarization resistance, anodic polarization,
Fracture related ulnar and sciatic nerve transections: a report of two cases and literature review

Case reports, case series, and case control studies have looked at the incidence of complete nerve transection in the setting of fracture and the need for surgical exploration dating back to the 1920s. We present two cases of nerve laceration accompanying traumatic fracture with a thorough review of the literature. We used the following search terms: “ulnar nerve” OR “sciatic nerve” AND “laceration” OR “transection” AND “fracture.” Results were reviewed and included for discussion if they specifically reported ulnar or sciatic nerve laceration accompanying traumatic fracture. Our search yielded 15 papers reporting a total of 10 ulnar nerve lacerations and nine sciatic nerve lacerations. We present two additional cases. The first is a patient with a humerus fracture and complete ulnar nerve transection. The second case is a patient who suffered a femur fracture and complete transection of the sciatic nerve. Nerve laceration accompanying traumatic fracture is rare. We review the reported cases of nerve laceration and present two cases treated at our institution. Though uncommon, nerve laceration should be considered in the setting of traumatic fracture with neurological injury, particularly open fractures.
Fluid Engine Development

From the splash of breaking waves to turbulent swirling smoke, the mathematical dynamics of fluids are varied and continue to be one of the most challenging aspects in animation. Fluid Engine Development demonstrates how to create a working fluid engine through the use of particles and grids, and even a combination of the two. Core algorithms are explained from a developer’s perspective in a practical, approachable way that will not overwhelm readers. The Code Repository offers further opportunity for growth and discussion with continuously changing content and source codes. This book helps to serve as the ultimate guide to navigating complex fluid animation and development. Explains how to create a fluid simulation engine from scratch Offers an approach that is code-oriented rather than math-oriented, allowing readers to learn how fluid dynamics works with code, with downloadable code available Explores various kinds of simulation techniques for fluids using particles and grids Discusses practical issues such as data structure design and optimizations Covers core numerical tools including linear system and level set solvers
The Policy Roundtable Model: Encouraging Scholar–Practitioner Collaborations to Address Poverty-related Social Problems

AbstractRobust exchange between those who make and carry out social policy and those who study social conditions can improve both policy and research. This article presents a programing model, Poli...
Primer on artificial intelligence and robotics

This article provides an introduction to artificial intelligence, robotics, and research streams that examine the economic and organizational consequences of these and related technologies. We describe the nascent research on artificial intelligence and robotics in the economics and management literature and summarize the dominant approaches taken by scholars in this area. We discuss the implications of artificial intelligence, robotics, and automation for organizational design and firm strategy, argue for greater engagement with these topics by organizational and strategy researchers, and outline directions for future research.
DART-seq: an antibody-free method for global m 6 A detection.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a widespread RNA modification that influences nearly every aspect of the messenger RNA lifecycle. Our understanding of m6A has been facilitated by the development of global m6A mapping methods, which use antibodies to immunoprecipitate methylated RNA. However, these methods have several limitations, including high input RNA requirements and cross-reactivity to other RNA modifications. Here, we present DART-seq (deamination adjacent to RNA modification targets), an antibody-free method for detecting m6A sites. In DART-seq, the cytidine deaminase APOBEC1 is fused to the m6A-binding YTH domain. APOBEC1-YTH expression in cells induces C-to-U deamination at sites adjacent to m6A residues, which are detected using standard RNA-seq. DART-seq identifies thousands of m6A sites in cells from as little as 10 ng of total RNA and can detect m6A accumulation in cells over time. Additionally, we use long-read DART-seq to gain insights into m6A distribution along the length of individual transcripts. Getting around the limitations of antibody-based N6-methyladenosine (m6A) pulldown, such as high input requirements and cross-reactivity, DART-seq profiles transcriptome-wide m6A occurrences from RNA amounts equivalent to the RNA obtained from 1,000 cells.
Healthcare disparities and the demand for expanding hereditary breast cancer screening guidelines in African Americans.

e13636Background: The role of predictive genetic testing on cancer care continues to rise in the healthcare community due to increased development, high demand and utilization of multi-panel testin...
Species name formation for zoologists: a pragmatic approach

The formation of scientific names for species may be challenging for modern systematists without a background in Latin or familiarity with the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Therefo...
A Survey of Municipal Open Data Repositories in the U.S.

Cities in the United States are increasingly embracing open data as a means of advancing a variety of interests. Promoting transparency, facilitating public engagement, proactively managing records requests, and fostering innovation in the public and private sectors are among the commonly cited motivations for this phenomenon. While there is an extensive literature on the benefits and challenges of open government data, there are far fewer empirical studies that explore and document how these initiatives are unfolding at the local government scale. This article asks what kinds of data are being made open in U.S. cities and to what extent do open data policies and related regulatory actions matter in shaping the content and structure of public-facing repositories. The authors conclude that population size and regulatory actions exert a positive influence on the amount and variety of datasets provided through municipal open data portals. Implications for the design and governance of open government data initiatives at the local level are also discussed.
The Novel Use of a Commercially Available Video-Conference Platform to Facilitate Multidisciplinary Target Volume Review and Delineation for Skull-Base Radiation Therapy During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Abstract Multidisciplinary involvement in radiation therapy (RT) treatment planning is currently underused. A radiation oncologist sought input for generating target contours from a neuro-radiologist (NR) and otolaryngologist (OL) for 3 patients requiring skull-base RT during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. A Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliant virtual meeting between the radiation oncologist, NR, and OL was arranged. Involvement of the OL and NR led to significant changes in the clinical target volume for all patients. Our experience highlights the feasibility of using commercially available video-conference platforms for multidisciplinary target volume delineation for complex RT cases. Further applications include interdisciplinary contour review for RT cases requiring special expertise and joint attending/resident physician contour review for resident education. The video-conference platform technology has demonstrated benefit during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, and we believe it will remain an integral component of our field moving forward.
Modeling Phase and Amplitude Errors in Optical Phased Arrays and Comparison to Measurement

We model optical phased arrays. Random intensity errors minimally affect the beam. Random phase errors (Δϕ <0.3×2π) substantially affect the beam power but only minimally the beam width. Systematic errors in the splitters are also investigated.
History of Proliferative Glomerulonephritis Predicts End Stage Kidney Disease in Pure Membranous Lupus Nephritis.

OBJECTIVES Pure membranous (class V) lupus nephritis (LN) is considered a less aggressive phenotype, but tissue fibrosis and chronic kidney disease may still develop. This study aimed to elucidate the prognostic value of a history of class switch in pure membranous LN. METHODS We included LN patients with at least two clinically indicated kidney biopsies. New onset of end stage kidney disease (ESKD) was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 15 ml/min/1.73m2, initiation of dialysis, or kidney transplantation. RESULTS Among 220 patients (542 biopsies), 199 (90%) were female, and 118 (54%) were African American, 59 (27%) Caucasian, with median age of 28 years at the first kidney biopsy. Patients with pure class V in a first biopsy converted to proliferative LN in 41% of cases. Pure class V in a repeat biopsy was preceded by proliferative LN in 52%. Trajectory analysis of up to 4 repeat biopsies revealed that ISN class switch may happen at any time, even after multiple biopsies with the same class. New onset ESKD was observed within 2 years in 5/56 (9%) patients with pure class V in a repeat biopsy. All 5 patients had proliferative LN in the first biopsy (log rank p= 0.024). CONCLUSIONS The conversion from proliferative to membranous (and vice-versa) is frequent in SLE. It can occur at any time in the course of disease, limiting the prognostic value of the first biopsy. Evidence of prior proliferative LN is key as it is associated with higher risk of ESKD in non-proliferative LN.
Gastric half emptying time (T½ ) for 4-h gastric emptying scintigraphy simplifies reporting but reduces detection of gastroparesis.

BACKGROUND Gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) reports percent retention at 1, 2, and 4 h. Time to empty half the meal (T½ ) could simplify GE reporting. AIMS To compare the performance of GES T½ to 1-, 2-, and 4-h retention. METHODS GES studies were reviewed; results determined according to retention at 1, 2, and 4 h. T½ was determined using 3 methods: (1) GES curve fitting using 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h data; (2) linear interpolation using 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 h data; and (3) linear interpolation using only 0, 1, 2, and 4 h data. RESULTS Of 495 patients, 265 had normal GE, 4 rapid GE ( 60% ret); 94 delayed only at 4 h (>10% ret); and 115 delayed at both 2 h and 4 h. Strong correlations were seen between each T½ method and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h %-empty values: curve-fit T½ (r = -0.851, -0.942, -0.864, -0.744), linear T½ using all imaging times (r = -0.848, -0.972, -0.878, -0.763), and linear T½ using standard imaging times (r = -0.853, -0.974, -0.868, -0.760). The 132 min cutoff for delayed GE captures 99.1% to 100% of delayed GE at both 2 h and 4 h, 76.5% to 94.1% delayed at 2 h only, but only 36.7% to 39.4% delayed at 4 h only; 3.5 to 11.3% of patients with normal GE miscategorized as delayed. CONCLUSIONS GES T½ correlates more strongly with retention at 2 h than at 4 h. T½ alone may misclassify patients, particularly those with late-phase (4 h only) delays, reducing its utility for diagnosing gastroparesis.
Acoustical Holographic Scanners

Optical holographic scanners have been actively researched because of their high resolution, fast scanning speeds and mechanical simplicity. This paper describes the application of holography to acoustical scanning. The theory of acoustical holographic scanners is developed and optimal design procedures are discussed. Construction of a two-dimensional scanner operating at 10.5 and 10.23 MHz, with a total resolution of 2500 pixels evenly distributed on a 75 by 75 mm scan plane, is detailed, and its performance measured. Experimental results indicate that holographic scanning can be successfully applied to acoustical radiation.
Calixto Calderón As I Knew Him

Calixto Calderon was born in Mendoza, Argentina, by the mountains and the vineyards, and spent in Cuyo his early youth. He always talked with great love of those times and places, and undoubtedly those years were very influential in giving him the gentile, generous attitude that we all cherish in him.
Feature Selection and Dimensionality Reduction in Genomics and Proteomics

As technology improves, the amount of information we collect about the world increases. Sensor networks collect traffic or weather information in real-time, documents and news articles are distributed and searched on-line, information in medical records is collected and stored in electronic form. Ail of this information can be mined so that the relations among components of the underlying systems are better understood and their models can be built. Microarray and mass spectrometry (MS) technologies are producing large quantities of genomic and proteomic data relevant for our understanding of the behavior and function of an organism, or characteristics of disease and its dynamics. Thousands of genes are measured in a typical microarray assay; tens of thousands of measurements comprise a mass spectrometry proteomic profile. The high-dimensional nature of the data demands the development of special data analysis procedures that are able to adequately handle such data. The central question of this process becomes the identification of those features (measurements, attributes) that are most relevant for characterizing the system and its behavior. We study this problem in the context of classification tasks where our goal is to find features that discriminate well among classes of samples, such as samples from people with and without a certain disease.
Dorsal Horn Neurons Firing at High Frequency, But Not Primary Afferents, Release Opioid Peptides that Produce μ-Opioid Receptor Internalization in the Rat Spinal Cord

To determine what neural pathways trigger opioid release in the dorsal horn, we stimulated the dorsal root, the dorsal horn, or the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) in spinal cord slices while superfusing them with peptidase inhibitors to prevent opioid degradation. Internalization of mu-opioid receptors (MOR) and neurokinin 1 receptors (NK1R) was measured to assess opioid and neurokinin release, respectively. Dorsal root stimulation at low, high, or mixed frequencies produced abundant NK1R internalization but no MOR internalization, indicating that primary afferents do not release opioids. Moreover, capsaicin and NMDA also failed to produce MOR internalization. In contrast, dorsal horn stimulation elicited MOR internalization that increased with the frequency, being negligible at <10 Hz and maximal at 500 Hz. The internalization was abolished by the MOR antagonist D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Arg-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTAP), in the presence of low Ca2+ and by the Na+ channel blocker lidocaine, confirming that it was caused by opioid release and neuronal firing. DLF stimulation in "oblique" slices (encompassing the DLF and the dorsal horn of T11-L4) produced MOR internalization, but only in areas near the stimulation site. Moreover, cutting oblique slices across the dorsal horn (but not across the DLF) eliminated MOR internalization in areas distal to the cut, indicating that it was produced by signals traveling in the dorsal horn and not via the DLF. These findings demonstrate that some dorsal horn neurons release opioids when they fire at high frequencies, perhaps by integrating signals from the rostral ventromedial medulla, primary afferents, and other areas of the spinal cord.
Relevance of increased lung thallium uptake on stress imaging in patients with unstable angina and non-Q wave myocardial infarction: results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI)-IIIB Study.

Abstract Objectives. This study sought to determine the significance of abnormal thallium-201 (Tl-201) lung uptake on stress imaging in the absence of perfusion abnormalities. Background. Abnormal Tl-201 lung uptake, represented by an increased lung/heart ratio (LHR), on stress imaging is a marker of stress-induced left ventricular dysfunction and poor prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods. We evaluated 1,271 patients from the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI)-IIIB trial (86% of TIMI-IIIB cohort) with unstable angina or non-Q wave myocardial infarction, who underwent predischarge exercise (92%) or dipyridamole stress (8%) Tl-201 imaging. An increased LHR (≥0.50) was related to perfusion abnormalities and adverse cardiac events at 1 year. Results. Of 1,271 patients, there were 762 (60%) with and 509 (40%) without perfusion abnormalities. An increased LHR was seen in 227 patients (18%) (173 [23%] with, 54 [11%] without perfusion abnormalities). Patients with an increased LHR had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction, higher body weight, lower exercise capacity and a higher prevalence of angina on exercise than patients with a normal LHR. In the two groups with increased LHR, there was no difference in age, hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, total exercise time, frequency of angina and ST segment depression on exercise. However, the group with an increased LHR and normal myocardial perfusion had a preponderance of women (65% vs. 30%, p Conclusions. An increased LHR continues to be associated with higher adverse cardiac events in the current era of aggressive interventional management of coronary artery disease. An increased LHR in the absence of myocardial perfusion abnormality is seen mostly in women and overweight patients. However, despite the apparent absence of perfusion abnormalities, an increased LHR in this group is also associated with a higher rate of adverse cardiac events.
The Effects of Quality of Life on National Elections: A Multi-Country Analysis

This paper studies the effects of several Quality ofLife (QOL) indicators on the outcomes of nationalelections. We test the hypothesis that declines innational QOL will have a negative effect on the votingsupport for the governing party in the next election. For each election since 1960 in thirteen countries, weuse objective measures of QOL for the previous year toestimate the voting function by using astate-of-the-art technique called Sliced InverseRegression (Li, 1991). These objective measuresinclude GDP per capita, food availability, inflation,crime rates, divorce rate, and percent of females inthe labor force, among others. The estimated “votingfunction” is the best predictor of voters' behavior asa function of the changes in QOL. The results show that changes in economic variablesand food availability significantly affect electionoutcomes. In addition, changes in crime rates werefound to be nearly as important as economic variablesin influencing the election outcomes. This marks thefirst time that a non-economic indicator has beenshown to affect elections. In contrast, measures ofsatisfaction with family life, such as divorce, infantmortality, and percent females in the workforce, showno effect on voting behavior, probably because votersdo not hold their governments responsible for familyaffairs.
Childhood Pernicious Anemia: Gastrointestinal secretory, histological, and electron microscopic aspects

Summary The secretion of acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor was studied in 9 children having true juvenile pernicious anemia (JPA), 6 children having Imerslund's syndrome (IS) and 3 children having pernicious anemia associated with gastric atrophy (PA). Biopsies of gastric mucosa were studied using the techniques of light and electron microscopy. Instrinsic factor secretion was low in JPA and PA patients, but normal to moderately reduced in IS patients. By our own examinations, acid secretion was normal during periods of adequate vitamin B 12 therapy both in JPA and IS patients. By history, during periods of vitamin B 12 deficiency in these same patients, histamine fast achlorhydria (not augmented) was frequent. Gastric biopsies appeared normal both in JPA and IS patients, but revealed gastric atrophy in all 3 patients having achlorhydria despite their adequate vitamin B 12 replacement. No fine structural abnormalities were detected with the electron microscope. The therapeutic status correlated poorly with the histological data. Duodenojejunal biopsies appeared normal although vitamin B 12 malabsorption had been demonstrated in IS. These data offer no certain explanation of the pathogenesis of gastric atrophy in pernicious anemia of adults.
Electron and ion noise in microwave tubes

Summary form only given. The measurement of noise in microwave tubes is both ancient and new. In the former category is ion noise in for instance traveling wave tubes, in the latter is electron shot noise in gyroklystrons. For most applications, the noise property of the tube is as important as the more conventional figures of merit such as power, efficiency, bandwidth, etc. In the last few years, an effort has been made to understand this noise, mostly at NRL, but also at NSWC Crane, U. Mich, and UC Berkeley. Ion noise, in various guises, has plagued microwave tubes for more than half a century. Despite this tremendous effort, very little has been documented in the scientific literature, much relevant information exists only in the lab notebooks and minds of senior engineers at the tube companies. Usually it manifests itself as a random relaxation oscillation of the microwave phase. For much of the time, it has been assumed that this noise resulted from ionization of the background gas by the beam. The ions then become trapped in potential wells of the rippled beam, and when the well fills, the ions untrap and process starts again. In fact, measured time scales of the relaxation oscillations are consistent with the time to produce this amount of ionization. However recent theoretical work has shown that this picture is only partially correct. The ions do fill the wells, but there is no tendency for relaxation oscillation. It turns out that the oscillation results from the interaction of the trapped ions in the well with the focusing of the beam. Theory and simulations give considerable insight to this process.
Developing Cyberethnographic Research Methods for Understanding Digitally Mediated Identities

In diesem Beitrag beschaftigen wir uns mit der Konstruktion von Identitat entlang der Schnittstellen lokal/global und online/offline durch eine ethnografische Herangehensweise, um eine Methodologie zu veranschaulichen, die in einer Epistemologie des Handelns grundet. Wir gehen dabei davon aus, dass sich Forschende, die sich fur die Konstruktion von Identitat in digital vermittelten Kontexten interessieren, selbst in den Prozess der kulturellen und individuellen Konstruktion innerhalb spezifischer Settings begeben mussen, um in Interaktion mit anderen zu einem detaillierten Verstandnis daruber zu kommen, wie Identitaten in solchen soziookonomischen Kontexten konstruiert werden und diese gestalten. Die so konstruierten Identitaten sind zentral fur die jeweiligen Gemeinschaften, die dortigen sozialen, okonomischen und kulturellen Praktiken und Machtstrukturen. Indem wir die Praktiken erforschen, die diese Identitatsformationen innerhalb unterschiedlicher technologischer Umgebungen konstituieren, konnen theoretische Modelle abgeleitet werden, die auch zur Veranderung von Herrschaftsverhaltnissen beitragen konnen. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0703355
The effect of cosolutes on the aqueous solubilities and octanol/water partition coefficients of selected polychlorinated biphenyl congeners

Aqueous solubilities (S) and 1-octanol/water partition coefficients (K[sub ow]) of four PCBs-- 4-chlorobiphenyl, 2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorobiphenyl, and 2,2[prime],4,4[prime],6,6[prime]-hexachlorobiphenyl -- were determined both individually and in pairs, using a generator-column technique, to investigate the effect of cosolutes on S and K[sub ow]. No statistical differences between S and K[sub ow] measured individually and in pairs were observed for the four PCBs in 20 out of 24 cases. In the other four cases S or K[sub ow] measured in the presence of a cosolute was only slightly different form that observed individually.
II. Measurement of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in discrete brain nuclei using reverse phase liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection

Abstract A rapid and sensitive method has been outlined for the measurement of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) utilizing a weak cation-exchange resin and liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The sensitivity of the procedure allows measurement of the amine in punches of rat substantia nigra even after local injection of the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. Increases in 5-HT and decreases in 5-HIAA concentrations after pargyline, and selective increases in 5-HIAA concentrations after probenecid were detected in selected brain regions (nucleus accumbens, anterior striatum, substantia nigra). Thus, this procedure is sensitive enough to estimate 5-HT turnover in discrete nuclei of the rat brain.
Growth ofLegionella pneumophila in two-membered cultures with green algae and cyanobacteria

Environmental and clinical isolates ofLegionella pneumophila were grown in minimal-salts media (no organic compounds added) in associated with various green algae and cyanobacteria. Growth was observed to level off after a period of hours to days with no subsequent significant loss in the numbers of viableL. pneumophila even several days after growth had ceased. Transfer to new algal or cyanobacterial cultures resulted in a new burst of growty by theL. pneumophila.
Oriented assembly of polyhedral plasmonic nanoparticle clusters

Shaped colloids can be used as nanoscale building blocks for the construction of composite, functional materials that are completely assembled from the bottom up. Assemblies of noble metal nanostructures have unique optical properties that depend on key structural features requiring precise control of both position and connectivity spanning nanometer to micrometer length scales. Identifying and optimizing structures that strongly couple to light is important for understanding the behavior of surface plasmons in small nanoparticle clusters, and can result in highly sensitive chemical and biochemical sensors using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We use experiment and simulation to examine the local surface plasmon resonances of different arrangements of Ag polyhedral clusters. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows that monodisperse, atomically smooth Ag polyhedra can self-assemble into uniform interparticle gaps that result in reproducible SERS enhancement factors from assembly to assembly. We introduce a large-scale, gravity-driven assembly method that can generate arbitrary nanoparticle clusters based on the size and shape of a patterned template. These templates enable the systematic examination of different cluster arrangements and provide a means of constructing scalable and reliable SERS sensors.
Meta-linked poly(phenylene ethynylene) conjugated polyelectrolyte featuring a chiral side group: helical folding and guest binding.

A water soluble, meta-linked poly(phenylene ethynylene) featuring chiral and optically active side groups based on l-alanine (mPPE-Ala) has been studied by using absorption, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Studies of mPPE-Ala in methanol/water solvent mixtures show that the polymer folds into a helical conformation, and the extent of helical folding increases with the volume % water in the solvent. The presence of the helical conformation is signaled by the appearance of a broad, excimer-like visible fluorescence band, combined with a strong bisignate circular dichroism signal in the region of the π,π* absorption of the polymer backbone. The circular dichroism signal exhibits negative chirality, suggesting that the left-handed (M-form) of the helix is in enantiomeric excess. Binding of the metallointercalator [Ru(bpy)2(dppz)]2+ (where bpy = 2,2-bipyridine and dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2‘,3‘−c]phenazine) with the helical polymer is accompanied by the appearance of the orange-red photolumines...
Gating of a voltage-dependent channel (colicin E1) in planar lipid bilayers: the role of protein translocation

The voltage-dependent channel formed in planar lipid bilayers by colicin E1, or its channel-forming C-terminal fragments, is susceptible to destruction by the nonspecific protease pepsin under well-defined conditions. In particular, pepsin acts only from the cis side (the side to which colicin has been added) and only upon channels in the closed state. Channels in the open state are refractory to destruction by cis pepsin, and neither open nor closed channels are destroyed by trans pepsin. Colicin E1 channels are normally turned on by cis positive voltages and turned off by cis negative voltages. For large (greater than 80 mV) positive voltages, however, channels inactivate subsequent to opening. Associated with the inactivated state, some channels become capable of being turned on by cis negative voltages and turned off by cis positive voltages, as if the channel-forming region of the molecule has been translocated across the membrane. Consistent with this interpretation is the ability now of trans pepsin to destroy these "reversed" channels when they are closed, but not when they are open, whereas cis pepsin has no effect on them in either the open or closed state. Our results indicate that voltage gating of the E1 channel involves translocation of parts of the protein across the membrane, exposing different domains to the cis and trans solutions in the different channel states.
Use of rigid bronchoscopic forceps in the difficult retrieval of the Günther Tulip inferior vena cava filter.

Retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filters may, over time, become incorporated into the wall of the IVC, making subsequent removal difficult. The authors present a case in which a Gunther Tulip filter was placed prophylactically before gastric bypass surgery. The retrieval hook of the filter became incorporated into the wall of the IVC, preventing the filter from being snared. Eventually, the filter was freed from the wall of the IVC and successfully removed by using rigid bronchoscopy forceps; however, the filter was damaged in the process.
Decay of a new isotope, 24Si: A test of the isobaric multiplet mass equation

Abstract Observation of beta-delayed protons from the decay of the mass separated T z =−2 nuclide 24 Si (t 1 2 ≈100 ms ) establishes the mass excess of the lowest T =2 (0 + ) state in 24 Al (5903±9 KeV). An excellent fit to the quadratic form of the isobaric multiplet mass equation is obtained.
Soil Moisture Inferences from Thermal-Infrared Measurements of Vegetation Temperatures

Remote sensing methods for the estimation of soil moisture yield direct information only for the topmost layers of soil. Reflected solar, thermal-infrared (IR), and microwave techniques are sensitive to the surface skin, from the surface to about 5 cm, and from the surface to about 10 cm, respectively. When the growth of vegetation is of major interest, soil moisture needs to be infrared at least to the depth of rooting of the plants. Since remote measurement of soil moisture is depth limited, it has been suggested that plant measurements, specifically plant temperatures, may yield information about soil moisture within the root zone. To examine this possibility, three plots of wheat, initially treated similarly, and later irrigated differently, were monitored for vegetation temperature (by infrazed thermometry) and for soil-water content (thrice weekly neutron moisture meter measurements). Vegetation temperatures were converted to a crop water stress index (CWSI). The CWSI was found to be a nonunique function of extractable water. The nonuniqueness was probably caused by inability to adequately specify the root zone and by the fact that plants require a recovery period (five to six days for this experiment) after being stressed before normal water uptake and transpiration proceeds.