cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Action of Gonadotropin. IV. Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Dependent Translocation of Ovarian Cytoplasmic Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Binding Protein and Protein Kinase to Nuclear Acceptor Sites1

The interaction in vitro of cyclic [3H]AMP and a partially purified cyclic [3H] AMP-binding protein preparation from calf ovary cytosol with nuclei and chromatin of calf ovaries was investigated. Cyclic [3H]AMP, complexed with a calf ovary cytosol protein (the cyclic AMP-binding protein), binds to ovary nuclei and chromatin, whereas free cyclic [3H]AMP does not bind. Concomitantly with the nuclear association of cyclic [3H]AMP-binding protein, cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase activity in nuclei and chromatin incubated with a calf ovary cyclic [3H]AMP-binding protein preparation is significantly enhanced. The increase of nuclear protein kinase activity is dependent upon the presence of cyclic AMP complexed to ovary cytosol protein, and neither free cyclic AMP nor cyclic AMP-free binding protein stimulate endogenous nuclear protein kinase activity in ovary nuclei or chromatin. The association in vitro of cyclic [3H]AMP-binding protein with ovary chromatin and nuclei as well as the concomitant increase ...
Effects of prophylactic antibiotics on endometrial flora in women with postcesarean endometritis.

Objective: To determine the effect of prophylactic antibiotics on endometrial and endocervical microflora upon diagnosis of postcesarean endometritis. Methods: The medical records of patients enrolled in open-label comparative trials of therapeutic antibiotics for postpartum endometritis between 1989 and 1994 were reviewed (n = 682). Endometritis was diagnosed by a standard definition that included fever and localizing signs. Endometrial cultures were obtained by a sheathed injection/aspiration technique. Aerobes and anaerobes were isolated by standard microbiologic techniques. The primary outcome, endometrial and endocervical microflora, was compared in women who received intravenous ampicillin (2 g every 6 hours for 1–3 doses), cephalosporin (2 g every 6 hours for 1–3 doses), or no prophylaxis. Secondary outcomes included the cure of endometritis and the prevalence of wound infection in the three groups. Results: Four hundred sixty-five of 682 patients (67%) had a cesarean delivery. One hundred fifty-one patients received ampicillin prophylaxis, 100 patients received cefazolin prophylaxis, 18 patients received extended-spectrum antibiotics, and 196 patients received no prophylaxis. Patients who received cefazolin prophylaxis had a significant increase in enterococcus (P < .05) and a significant decrease in Proteus species (P < .05) from endometrial samples. Patients who received ampicillin prophylaxis had a significant increase of Mycoplasma species (P < .05), Klebsiella pneumoniae (P < .0001), Escherichia coli (P = .04), and any aerobic gram-negative rod (P = .003) from endometrial samples. Ampicillin prophylaxis was associated with a decrease in Prevotella bivia (P < .05) and any anaerobe (P < .01). Endometritis cure rates were similar between prophylaxis groups and between prophylaxis and treatment groups. However, the cefazolin prophylaxis followed by cephalosporin treatment was associated with more wound infections (19%) than other prophylaxis and treatment groups, (6%, P < .01). Conclusion: Ampicillin and cefazolin prophylaxis alters endometrial and endocervical microflora of women who develop endometritis. Whereas these changes had no effect on endometritis cure rate (power > 80%), the association between cefazolin prophylaxis followed by an extended-spectrum cephalosporin and wound infection may warrant caution against the use of the combination.
Altered Amelogenin Self-assembly Based on Mutations Observed in Human X-linked Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AIH1)

A hallmark of biological systems is a reliance on protein assemblies to perform complex functions. We have focused attention on mammalian enamel formation because it relies on a self-assembling protein complex to direct mineral habit. The principle protein of enamel is amelogenin, a 180-amino acid hydrophobic protein that self-assembles to form nanospheres. We have used independent technical methods, consisting of the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), to demonstrate the importance of amelogenin self-assembly domains. In addition, we have analyzed mutations in amelogenin observed in patients with amelogenesis imperfecta who demonstrate defects in enamel formation. Assessments of self-assembly of these mutant amelogenins by either SPR or Y2H assay yield concordant data. These data support the conclusion that the amelogenin amino-terminal self-assembly domain is essential to the creation of an enamel extracellular organic matrix capable of directing mineral formation. It also suggests that a pathway through which point mutations in the amelogenin protein can adversely impact on the formation of the enamel organ is by disturbing self-assembly of the organic matrix. These data support the utilization of the Y2H assay to search for protein interactions among extracellular matrix proteins that contribute to biomineralization and provide functional information on protein-protein and protein-mineral interactions.
AD/Cycle strategy and architecture

Over the years, IBM has made progress in resolving many of the issues that deal with improving application development (AD) productivity and quality. Systems Application Architecture™, together with IBM's recently announced AD/Cycle™ direction, provides a platform for even greater progress. This paper addresses the IBM strategy that supports AD/Cycle and gives an overview of the major components of the AD/Cycle architecture. This paper is an introduction to other papers that follow in this issue.
Do “Screening” Coagulation Tests Predict Bleeding in Patients Undergoing Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy With Biopsy?

Objective To determine if preprocedure coagulation testing predicts bleeding in patients undergoing flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) with biopsy. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Southeastern, urban Veteran Affairs Medical Center. Measurements and main results Two hundred seventy-four patient charts representing 305 FOB with biopsy were reviewed for clinical predictors of bleeding, prebronchoscopy laboratory abnormalities, and incidence of bleeding complications. Thirty-five patients bled, and 3 had abnormal results of coagulation studies. Normal results of coagulation studies and no clinical risk factors were noted in 68 percent of patients who bled. Conclusion Patients undergoing flexible FOB with biopsy do not benefit from preprocedure coagulation testing.
Using History to Promote Reflection: A Model for Reframing Student Affairs Practice

Abstract Though history has long been a part of graduate preparation in higher education administration, new student affairs professionals often struggle to see its relevance to their work. We present a conceptual framework that links organizational ecology, institutional culture and climate, and student development through a historical lens. We then provide concrete recommendations regarding the framework’s use as a reflexive tool
Role of topological defects in the phase transition of the three-dimensional Heisenberg model

A numerical study of the role of topological point defects in the phase transition of the classical ferromagnetic Heisenberg model in three dimensions strongly suggests that the defects play an essential role in this phase transition. The authors find that the transition from the ordered to the disordered phase is accompanied by a proliferation and unbinding of pairs of oppositely charged defects. If configurations containing defects are not allowed, then the system appears to remain ordered at all temperatures.
A Brief Report on WAIS-R Normative Data Collection in Mayo's Older African Americans Normative Studies

ABSTRACT Historically, neuropsychological measures such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) have yielded unacceptably high rates of misdiagnosis of impairment among cognitively normal African Americans, primarily due to poor test specificity and inadequate representation of ethnic minorities in the normative sample. In this report, we briefly review these issues and describe efforts by investigators in Mayo's Older African Americans Normative Studies (MOAANS) to develop more appropriate norms for African American elders on the WAIS-R. During MOAANS data collection, the third edition of the WAIS (WAIS-III) was introduced with updated representation of ethnic minorities in the normative database. More recently, specific demographic corrections for African Americans have been derived for WAIS-III subtest scores and indices. As such, WAIS-R normative estimates are not presented here. Interested readers who wish to obtain a full set of MOAANS WAIS-R norms, however, are invited to contact ...
Parsing coarticulated speech in perception: effects of coarticulation resistance

Abstract A speaker produced schwa-CV disyllables in which consonants were low or high in coarticulation resistance. Articulatory and acoustic measurements verified that the magnitude, but not the extent, of anticipatory coarticulation from the stressed vowel to the schwa was modulated by coarticulation resistance. In a perception experiment, listeners heard schwa-CV disyllables that ended in stressed /i/ or /a/ and made speeded identifications of the stressed vowels. Some disyllables had been cross-spliced so that a schwa vowel that had originally been produced in the context of C/i/ was spliced onto a C/a/ syllable or vice versa. Other disyllables were spliced so that a schwa originally from a C/i/ (or C/a/) context was spliced onto a different C/i/ (C/a/) token. Listeners’ response latencies were slower to cross spliced than to spliced disyllables but only in the context of low rather than high resistant consonants. The outcome is generally consistent with a hypothesis that listeners to speech “parse” the acoustic signal along coarticulatory or phonetic gestural lines and that success in parsing varies with the amount of acoustic evidence talkers provide. However, findings did not suggest “perfect” parsing. Correlations between the amount of acoustic information provided by the speaker and the extent to which listeners were disrupted by cross splicing were nonsignificant.
The least-cost hydrogen for Southern California

Abstract Optimization is applied to identify the least-cost sequence of hydrogen infrastructure build-up in Southern California during 2010–2060. Given an exogenous demand, the model generates temporal and spatial decisions for building a hydrogen infrastructure, in terms of when, where, at what sizes and by what technologies, that minimize the net present value of technology, environment, and fuel accessibility costs. The least-cost sequence is then analyzed with respect to technology deployment, delivered hydrogen cost, capital requirements, subsidy need, subsidy capacity, and CO 2 mitigation. It is found that industrial hydrogen could play a critical role in initiating hydrogen transition, temporally bridged by onsite SMR to central production dominated at first by biomass gasification and later by coal gasification with carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). While a non-discounted capital investment of $24.43 billion is needed for the 50-year build-up, a hydrogen price below 3$/kg could pay back the costs in 20 years earning a 10% IRR. If hydrogen is purchased at the current equivalent gasoline price (2.517 $/gallon), the hydrogen industry could potentially provide $4715 as subsidy for each new FCV purchase. With CCS, 50% of 50-year CO 2 emissions could be avoided.
Zn2+-stimulated Sphingomyelinase Is Secreted by Many Cell Types and Is a Product of the Acid Sphingomyelinase Gene

Mammalian sphingomyelinases have been implicated in many important physiological and pathophysiological processes. Although several mammalian sphingomyelinases have been identified and studied, one of these, an acidic Zn2+-stimulated sphingomyelinase (Zn-SMase) originally found in fetal bovine serum, has received little attention since its first and only report 7 years ago. We now show that Zn-SMase activity is secreted by human and murine macrophages, human skin fibroblasts, microglial cells, and several other cells in culture and is markedly up-regulated during differentiation of human monocytes to macrophages. Remarkably, peritoneal macrophages from mice in which the acid SMase gene had been disrupted by homologous recombination secreted no Zn-SMase activity, indicating that this enzyme and the intracellular lysosomal SMase, which is Zn-independent, arise from the same gene. Furthermore, skin fibroblasts from patients with types A and B Niemann-Pick disease, which are known to lack lysosomal SMase activity, also lack Zn-SMase activity in their conditioned media. Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with a cDNA encoding lysosomal SMase massively overexpress both cellular lysosomal SMase and secreted Zn-SMase activities. Thus, Zn-SMase arises independently of alternative splicing, suggesting a post-translational process. In summary, a wide variety of cell types secrete Zn-SMase activity, which arises from the same gene as lysosomal SMase. This secreted enzyme may play roles in physiological and pathophysiological processes involving extracellular sphingomyelin hydrolysis.
Robust Control of Generalized Dynamic Systems Without the Matching Conditions

A general control law and a set of conditions are proposed to guarantee the stability of dynamic systems with bounded uncertainties. The results do not require the matching conditions on the uncertainties and subsume several existing results as special cases. Moreover, it is shown that there is at least one class of uncertain dynamic systems which can always be stabilized under the proposed control law no matter what the size and the structure of the input-unrelated uncertainties.
Behavioral feeding disorders in young children

Young children with behavioral feeding disorders are commonly seen in occupational therapy practice. This paper, based on clinical experience with these children, presents an expanded frame of reference which may be utilized in treatment. The combined use of food as play and treatment of choice is addressed and viewed from learning, developmental, psychodynamic and humanistic perspectives. Possible etiologies of these specific feeding behaviors are discussed.
Self-Assembled Supramolecular Ferrocene−Fullerene Dyads and Triad: Formation and Photoinduced Electron Transfer

Supramolecular ferrocene−fullerene constructs in which the donor, ferrocene linked to a benzo-18-crown-6 entity (Fc-crown), was self-assembled with the acceptor, fullerene bearing one or two alkyl ammonium ions (NH3+−C60), yielding dyads or a triad, respectively. The newly formed conjugates were characterized by spectroscopic (fluorescence, electospray ionization-mass, and 1H NMR) and electrochemical methods. The adopted crown ether−alkyl ammonium ion binding strategy resulting in stable donor−acceptor conjugates was also supported by the computational studies performed at the DFT B3LYP/3-21G(*) level in addition to the binding constants obtained from fluorescence quenching studies. The experimentally calculated free-energy changes indicated exothermic light-induced charge-separation process. Accordingly, efficient photoinduced charge-separation processes were confirmed by the combination of the time-resolved fluorescence and nanosecond transient absorption spectral measurements. The rates of charge recom...
Gamma-glutamyl compounds: Substrate specificity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase enzymes

Abstract Gamma-glutamyl compounds include antioxidants, inflammatory molecules, drug metabolites, and neuroactive compounds. Two cell surface enzymes that metabolize gamma-glutamyl compounds have been identified: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT1) and gamma-glutamyl leukotrienase (GGT5). There is controversy in the literature regarding the substrate specificity of these enzymes. To address this issue, we have developed a method for comprehensive kinetic analysis of compounds as substrates for GGT enzymes. Our assay is sensitive, quantitative, and conducted at physiological pH. We evaluated a series of gamma-glutamyl compounds as substrates for human GGT1 and human GGT5. The K m value for reduced glutathione was 11 μM for both GGT1 and GGT5. However, the K m values for oxidized glutathione were 9 μM for GGT1 and 43 μM for GGT5. Our data show that the K m values for leukotriene C 4 are equivalent for GGT1 and GGT5 at 10.8 and 10.2 μM, respectively. This assay was also used to evaluate serine–borate, a well-known inhibitor of GGT1, which was 8-fold more potent in inhibiting GGT1 than in inhibiting GGT5. These data provide essential information regarding the target enzymes for developing treatments for inflammatory diseases such as asthma and cardiovascular disease in humans. This assay is invaluable for studies of oxidative stress, drug metabolism, and other pathways that involve gamma-glutamyl compounds.
Photon flux measurements using calorimetry

A simple photometric calorimeter has been constructed, consisting of a vacuum‐jacketed cell equipped with flat quartz windows to admit incident light, a thermistor probe to monitor temperature change, and a resistance heater for calibration. An optically dense, photochemically inert solution inside the cell absorbs incident radiation, converting it quantitatively into heat. The calorimeter gives photon flux measurements in agreement with ferrioxalate actinometry at 366 and 436 nm. It has a sensitivity of 2×1015 photons/s and is useful throughout the optical spectral range.
Phenomenological theory of the activation energy of hydrocarbon reactions on catalytic stepped platinum surfaces

Abstract We present a phenomenological theory which allows us to calculate the heat of formation and activation energy of CH, CC and HH bond scission processes on stepped platinum surfaces. The dependence of these energies on the location of the active platinum atoms shows trends which are those found experimentally. The catalytic properties of steps and kinks can therefore be attributed to the local field properties of the platinum d- electrons. Results are presented in tabular form.
Essential data and techniques for conducting microbial fuel cell and other types of bioelectrochemical system experiments.

I thank Korneel Rabaey for useful comments. This research was supported by Award KUS-I1-003-13 from the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST).
FUZZY LOGIC MODELING OF NONLINEAR UNSTEADY AERODYNAMICS

Large-amplitude forced-oscillation test data with and without sideslip for an F-16XL configuration are analyzed through a fuzzy-logic algorithm to generate aerodynamic models for all aerodynamic coefficients. The independent influencing variables considered are the angle of attack, its first and second time derivatives, the reduced frequency, the sideslip angle and the elevator deflection angle. The models are set up for a range of angle of attack from 0 to SO degrees, for the sideslip angle from 0 to -30 degrees, for the reduced frequency from 0 to 0.8 and for the elevator deflection angle from -25 to 25 degrees. The algorithm incorporates the concept of least squared errors and the multiple correlation coefficients to determine the most suitable model. Some available data, not used in establishing the models, are employed in correlation with the model prediction. The results indicate that the fuzzy-logic models can provide reasonably accurate nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics even at high reduced frequencies.
Central Role of Gq in the Hypertrophic Signal Transduction of Angiotensin II in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells

The angiotensin II (AngII) type 1 receptor (AT(1)) plays a critical role in hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Although it is well known that G(q) is the major G protein activated by the AT(1) receptor, the requirement of G(q) for AngII-induced VSMC hypertrophy remains unclear. By using cultured VSMCs, this study examined the requirement of G(q) for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, the Rho-kinase (ROCK) pathway, and subsequent hypertrophy. AngII-induced intracellular Ca(2+) elevation was completely inhibited by a pharmacological G(q) inhibitor as well as by adenovirus encoding a G(q) inhibitory minigene. AngII (100nm)-induced EGFR transactivation was almost completely inhibited by these inhibitors, whereas these inhibitors only partially inhibited AngII (100nm)-induced phosphorylation of a ROCK substrate, myosin phosphatase target subunit-1. Stimulation of VSMCs with AngII resulted in an increase of cellular protein and cell volume but not in cell number. The G(q) inhibitors completely blocked these hypertrophic responses, whereas a G protein-independent AT(1) agonist did not stimulate these hypertrophic responses. In conclusion, G(q) appears to play a major role in the EGFR pathway, leading to vascular hypertrophy induced by AngII. Vascular G(q) seems to be a critical target of intervention against cardiovascular diseases associated with the enhanced renin-angiotensin system.
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY AFTER CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING: AN ANALYSIS OF THE NATIONWIDE INPATIENT SAMPLE 2002–2010

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in-hospital mortality rates following Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning have not been studied in a national database. All hospitalized patients age ≥18 years included in the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) 2002–2010 databases with a confirmed diagnosis of CO
Novel technique to enhance the disintegration effect of the pressure waves on oilseeds

Abstract A novel technique for continuous disintegration of oilseeds was designed. The operating principle consists of gasification of deshelled oilseeds mash using small amounts of gas. These were subsequently subjected to the pressure waves generated externally by underwater high-voltage discharges, which are then followed by expansion of the water plasma. It was observed that gasification using small amounts of gas may enhance the destruction effects of the edges of the pressure waves, resulting in deeper lignocellulose disintegration. Breakage of the cell walls increased the level of oil extraction from oil-rich vacuoles up to 93% and also accelerated the subsequent anaerobic fermentation of the presscake residue.
Advances in the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa using brain imaging.

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are severe psychiatric disorders and the availability of brain imaging techniques hold promise that those techniques will be useful in clinical practice. Areas covered: In this review, the author describes currently available brain imaging techniques and focus on the brain imaging methods: functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). These techniques have helped describe alterations in brain circuitry in AN and BN that related to anxiety and reward processing. Novel computational models help further define brain function in relation to particular neurotransmitters. Expert opinion: Brain imaging techniques are exciting methods to learn about brain function, and progress has been made to identify in healthy populations brain circuits that code behaviors. These techniques have been used in AN and BN over the past decade and have improved our understanding of brain function in those disorders. Still, human bra...
Towards local reflexive control of a powered transfemoral prosthesis for robust amputee push and trip recovery

Transfemoral amputees often suffer from falls and a fear of falling that leads to a decreased quality of life. Existing control strategies for powered knee-ankle prostheses demonstrate only limited ability to react to disturbances that induce falls such as trips, slips, and obstacles. In contrast, prior work on neuromuscular modeling of human locomotion suggests that control strategies based on local reflexes exhibit robustness to unobserved terrain such as slopes and steps. Therefore, we propose that a powered knee-ankle prosthesis governed by reflexive local controls will more competently adapt to unperceived disturbances. To test this hypothesis, we simulate a neuromuscular model of a transfemoral amputee walking over rough ground with a powered knee-ankle prosthesis governed by the proposed reflexive controller. We show that the proposed control allows the amputee to walk farther over rough ground than does the state-of-the-art control. The proposed controller also more readily rejects deviations from nominal walking gaits such as those encountered during a trip. These results suggest that applying the proposed control to a powered knee-ankle prosthesis will substantially improve amputee gait stability.
TH‐A‐213AB‐01: A Novel Method to Accelerate Optimization by Employing Approximate Dose Values

Purpose: To introduce a novel method that increases the efficiency of beam and beam let weight and fluence optimization, by employing approximate dose values in the objective function. Methods: A least squares objective function was used, based on clinical dose‐volume objectives. In the initial stage of optimization, the method utilizes dose values determined by the additive dose approximation (ADA) to evaluate the objective function. These dose values are based on pre‐computed dose indices, along with a novel correction scheme. During this stage, no calculation of the true dose is required, resulting in a significant reduction in computation time, since the manipulation of large dose matrices is avoided. The resulting optimized parameters are subsequently used as the starting point in the final optimization step. This method was evaluated on prostate bed, esophageal, and brain patients with varying numbers of treatment fields, by comparing the CPU time required with that of a standard optimization method. The downhill simplex algorithm was used for the evaluations. Results: Nine prostate bed patients with three different beam configurations were used: 4 field 3D‐CRT plans, 16 field 3D‐CRT plans and a 64‐beamlet IMRT‐like plan. These demonstrated an average reduction in optimization time of 33%, 54%, and 46%, respectively. Two 3D‐CRT esophageal patients were evaluated, one with 14 fields and one with 16 fields, resulting in an average improvement of 29%. Finally, a 3D‐CRT 16 field brain patient was studied and exhibited a 57% decrease in CPU time. Conclusions: The proposed method, when used in conjunction with existing optimization algorithms, dramatically decreases the number of standard objective function evaluations and, as a result, computation time. This technique may be applied to any type of optimization algorithm and set of clinical variables requiring pre‐computed dose matrices and an objective function involving dose‐volume objectives (eg. multi‐criteria optimization).
Sugarcane Response to Nitrogen Fertilization on a Histosol with Shallow Water Table and Periodic Flooding

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is increasingly exposed to periodic floods and shallow water tables on Histosols in Florida’s Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). In the past, when these soils were usually well drained, they provided excess N for sugarcane through microbial oxidation. It is not known if supplemental N would now improve yields because microbial oxidation is reduced by shallow water tables and periodic floods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of N fertilizer rates on two sugarcane cultivars exposed to a 25-cm water-table depth with and without repeated 2-day floods. Two studies were planted in containers in 2001 and 2002 with two sugarcane cultivars and five equally spaced rates of N fertilizer from 0 to 200 kg ha )1 . Leaf, stalk and root weights were reduced by periodic flooding and the magnitude of the reduction sometimes differed between cultivars. Plant weights, leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf N content were often highest near an N rate of 100 kg ha )1 . Usually, N fertilizer rate did not interact with water treatment. Nitrogen fertilization may be useful for sugarcane exposed to water-table depths of 25 cm with and without 2-day repeated floods on EAA Histosols.
The Kenesary Kasymov Rebellion (1837–1847): A National-Liberation Movement or “a Protest of Restoration”?

The history of each nation has some key periods that have drawn the attention of generations of researchers. Historians consider the Great Revolution of France, the rise of Hitler in Germany, and t...
The effects of frontal injury on “on-line” self-monitoring during verbal learning by adults with diffuse brain injury

The purpose of this study was to investigate to the effects of documented frontal injury that coexist with diffuse brain injury (BI), on self-monitoring, operationalised by recall predictions made during verbal learning. The data from 35 adults with diffuse BI who participated in two earlier studies, were divided into groups based on frontal injury (Kennedy, Carney, & Peters, 2003; Kennedy & Yorkston, 2000). Participants studied unrelated noun-pairs, made item-by-item immediate and delayed recall predictions, and took delayed recall tests. Outcomes included relative predictive accuracy, the proportion recalled, and confidence. With months post-onset as a covariate, those with frontal injury were less accurate at predicting recall than those without frontal injury although the pattern was the same; delayed predictions were more accurate than immediate predictions. Conversely, those without frontal injury recalled less than those with frontal injury. Consistent with a phenomenon called “discounting”, those ...
Stabilization of charges on isolated ionic groups sequestered in proteins by polarized peptide units

Electrostatic interactions are of considerable importance in protein structure and function, and in a variety of cellular and biochemical processes1–3. Here we report three similar findings from highly refined atomic structures of periplasmic binding proteins. Hydrogen bonds, acting primarily through backbone peptide units, are mainly responsible for the involvement of the positively charged arginine 151 residue in the ligand site of the arabinose-binding protein, for the association between the sulphate-binding protein and the completely buried sulphate dianion, and for the formation of the complex of the leucine/isoleucine/valine-binding protein with the leucine zwitterion. We propose a general mechanism in which the isolated charges on the various buried, desolvated ionic groups are stabilized by the polarized peptide units. This mechanism also has broad application to processes requiring binding of uncompensated ions and charged ligands and stabilization of enzyme reaction charged intermediates, as well as activation of catalytic residues.
A simplified quasi-linear model for wave generation and air−sea momentum flux

Abstract A simplified model is described for wave generation and air–sea momentum flux. The model is based upon the quasilinear theory employed by Fabrikant and Janssen, in which the mean flow is approximated to second order in the wave amplitude and fluctuating quantities are approximated to first order. The wave generation rate is computed using Miles' wave generation theory and the numerical method of Conte and Miles. The computationally expensive iterative procedure used in Janssen's quasi-linear model is avoided by specifying in advance the vertical wind velocity profile as a combination of a logarithmic profile above height z = zp and a square root profile below that height, zp being given by U(zp) = c(kp), where U is the wind velocity, kp is the wavenumber at the peak of the wave spectrum, and c(kp) is the associated phase speed. In contrast to Janssen's model and his subsequent simple surface-layer model, no explicit surface roughness parameter is specified: the whole of the applied wind stress is...
The Souriau-Frame algorithm and the Drazin pseudoinverse

Abstract Given a square matrix A of order n, let a sequence of numbers P1, P2,…, and a sequence of matrices B0, B1,… be obtained by the recursive algorithm B 0 = I , P j = j −1 trace (AB j−1 ) , B j = AB j−1 − P j I . Then, it is well known that the characteristic polynomial of A is c(t) = t n − P 1 t n−1 − P 2 t n−2 − ⋯ − P n . Let r denote the smallest integer such that Br = 0 (a null matrix), let s denote the largest integer such that Ps ≠ 0, and let k = v − s. Then, the Drazin pseudoinverse of A is given by X = P s −k−1 A k B k+1 s−1 . If A is nonsingular, k = 0, s = n, and this formula reduces to the well known result A −1 = P −1 n B n−1 .
Analysis of multiple activity manual materials handling tasks using A Guide to Manual Materials Handling

Manual handling of materials continues to be a hazardous activity, leading to a very significant number of severe overexertion injuries. Designing jobs that are within the physical capabilities of workers is one approach ergonomists have adopted to redress this problem. As a result, several job design procedures have been developed over the years. However, these procedures are limited to designing or evaluating only pure lifting jobs or only the lifting aspect of a materials handling job. This paper describes a general procedure that may be used to design or analyse materials handling jobs that involve several different kinds of activities (e.g. lifting, lowering, carrying, pushing, etc). The job design/analysis procedure utilizes an elemental approach (breaking the job into elements) and relies on databases provided in A Guide to Manual Materials Handling to compute associated risk factors. The use of the procedure is demonstrated with the help of two case studies.
A survey of the extent of compliance with Title V of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990

As public awareness of environmental issues increases, the federal government is faced with continually renewing and redesigning the air quality regulations for the betterment of air quality. This study was designed to survey the compliance of Title V of the 1990 Clean Air Act by industries in Alabama, California, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina. Forty survey forms per state were sent out to facilities selected at random. The maximum number of responses were obtained from South Carolina followed by Alabama, California, and Pennsylvania. The study showed that large industries, with an average annual revenue in excess of $10 million and more than 300 employees, responded with higher frequency and these companies were more in compliance with Title V of the 1990 Clean Air Act.
The quinone methide aurin is a heat shock response inducer that causes proteotoxic stress and Noxa-dependent apoptosis in malignant melanoma cells

Pharmacological induction of proteotoxic stress is rapidly emerging as a promising strategy for cancer cell-directed chemotherapeutic intervention. Here, we describe the identification of a novel drug-like heat shock response inducer for the therapeutic induction of proteotoxic stress targeting malignant human melanoma cells. Screening a focused library of compounds containing redox-directed electrophilic pharmacophores employing the Stress & Toxicity PathwayFinder(TM) PCR Array technology as a discovery tool, a drug-like triphenylmethane-derivative (aurin; 4-[bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)methylene]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one) was identified as an experimental cell stress modulator that causes (i) heat shock factor transcriptional activation, (ii) up-regulation of heat shock response gene expression (HSPA6, HSPA1A, DNAJB4, HMOX1), (iii) early unfolded protein response signaling (phospho-PERK, phospho-eIF2α, CHOP (CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein)), (iv) proteasome impairment with increased protein-ubiquitination, and (v) oxidative stress with glutathione depletion. Fluorescence polarization-based experiments revealed that aurin displays activity as a geldanamycin-competitive Hsp90α-antagonist, a finding further substantiated by molecular docking and ATPase inhibition analysis. Aurin exposure caused caspase-dependent cell death in a panel of human malignant melanoma cells (A375, G361, LOX-IMVI) but not in non-malignant human skin cells (Hs27 fibroblasts, HaCaT keratinocytes, primary melanocytes) undergoing the aurin-induced heat shock response without impairment of viability. Aurin-induced melanoma cell apoptosis depends on Noxa up-regulation as confirmed by siRNA rescue experiments demonstrating that siPMAIP1-based target down-regulation suppresses aurin-induced cell death. Taken together, our data suggest feasibility of apoptotic elimination of malignant melanoma cells using the quinone methide-derived heat shock response inducer aurin.
Design, synthesis, and biological activities of potent and selective somatostatin analogues incorporating novel peptoid residues

We report the synthesis, bioactivity, and structure−activity relationship studies of compounds related to the Merck cyclic hexapeptide c[Pro6-Phe7-d-Trp8-Lys9-Thr10-Phe11], L-363,301 (the numbering in the sequence refers to the position of the residues in native somatostatin). The Pro residue in this compound is replaced with arylalkyl peptoid residues. We present a novel approach utilizing β-methyl chiral substitutions to constrain the peptoid side-chain conformation. Our studies led to molecules which show potent binding and increased selectivity to the hsst2 receptor (weaker binding to the hsst3 and hsst5 receptors compared to L-363,301). In vivo, these peptoid analogues selectively inhibit the release of growth hormone but have no effect on the inhibition of insulin. The biological assays which include binding to five recombinant human somatostatin receptors carried out in two independent laboratories and in vivo inhibition of growth hormone and insulin provide insight into the relationship between st...
Dr. Donna Shalala, Secretary U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

In this interview, conducted in July 1994, Dr. Shalala gives the readers her perspective on nurse practitioners in health care reform and the reshaping of the primary care emphasis in the Health Resources Services Administration (HRSA).
Modeling the brain with laser diodes

The Wilson-Cowan mathematical model is popular for representing a neuron in the brain and may be viewed as two cross-coupled dynamical nonlinear neural networks, one excitatory and one inhibitory. This gives rise to two coupled first order equations. Varying an input parameter, the sum of input intensities from all other incoming neurons, causes the Wilson-Cowan neural oscillator to move through a supercritical Hopf bifurcation so as to switch its output from a stable-off when the input is below a firing threshold to a stable-oscillation (limit cycle) for signals above the threshold; the frequency of which depends on the level of input stimulation. The use of frequency to represent pulse rate makes the brain robust against electromagnetic interference and drift. We show that the laser diode rate equations for a single optically injected laser diode can also be modeled by two coupled first order equations that give rise to supercritical Hopf bifurcations. But the laser rate equations have a complex variable where that for the Wilson-Cowan model equations is real. By using the real part of the complex variable (a projection onto the real plane), the optically injected laser diode can exactly simulate the movement through supercritical Hopf bifurcation of the Wilson-Cowan equations by varying the amplitude and frequency of the optical injection.
The tanh method for compact and noncompact solutions for variants of the KdV-Burger and the K(n,n)-Burger equations

Abstract In this paper we examine variants of the KdV-Burger equation and the K ( n , n ) -Burger equation. Both compact and noncompact structures are treated for these models. The tanh method is employed as a vehicle to achieve this goal. Three different physical structures are emphasized: compactons, solitary patterns and blow-up solutions.
Free vibration of a centrally clamped spinning circular disk

Centrally clamped spinning circular disk free transverse vibration analysis within accuracy of numerical computations
Ab initio gas-phase bond energies of CNHx isomers and the reactivity and stability of aminomethylidyne (CNH2) on metal surfaces: UBI-QEP analysis

Energetics of reactions involving CNH2 as an intermediate on Fe, Ni, Pd, and Cu surfaces were determined with the unity bond index-quadratic exponential potential (UBI-QEP) method. The gas-phase bond energy parameters of CNHx isomers that are needed for the UBI-QEP treatment were obtained from high quality ab initio calculations. The results show that CN can dimerize to C2N2 on Pd and Cu, but the dimerization is difficult on Fe, and the polymerization of CNH2 is difficult. The N–H bond in CNH2 is more easily cleaved than the C–N bond, and CNH2 can be dissociated into CNH+H on Fe, Ni, Pd, and Cu surfaces, although it may remain on Pd and Cu metal surfaces due to CN and HCN hydrogenation. CNH2 hydrogenation leads to the formation of HCN, NH3, H2, and CH4 on those metal surfaces. The difficulty in breaking the C–N bond in CNHx isomers increases on the metal surfaces according to: Fe<Ni<Pd<Cu. The H-assisted C–N bond scission in some CNHx isomers on Fe, Ni, Pd, and Cu surfaces is discussed.
EUV mask: detection studies with Aera2

The progress of optical lithography towards EUV wavelength has placed mask defectivity among major EUV program risks. Traditional mask inspection was carried in the DUV domain at 19x nm wavelength, similar to ArF lithography. As EUV mask patterns approach the 20nm half-pitch level, the resolution of DUV systems approaches its practical limits. At this limit, the lesson learned from ArF lithography is that contrast may be improved significantly by utilizing resolution enhancement techniques such as off-axis illumination shapes. Here we present an experimental study of the effects of illumination and polarization on contrast and detection. We measured a EUV patterned mask with programmed defects using Aera2 mask inspection tool at 193nm wavelength, equipped with a high NA objective. We compared the contrasts of the patterns and the defect detection signals obtained by employing 4 different illumination shapes and three polarization states: linear along x, linear along y, circular polarization. We learned that in order to achieve the best results both in terms of contrast and in terms of detection, it is most important to choose a suitable exposure conditions. In addition, a proper choice of the polarization state of the illumination can also result in some improvement.
Proteinase Negative Variants of Streptococcus cremoris for Cheese Starters

Abstract Proteinase negative variants of Streptococcus cremoris HP and 104 propagated in a fortified whey-based medium with pH control produced 93% of the cell mass of their proteinase positive counterparts. Buffered milk substrates and milk substrates fortified with yeast extract were poor media and varied markedly in their ability to support growth of proteinase negative cells. High concentrations of proteinase negative variants produced sufficient acid in milk at 38°C in 5h to qualify them for use in Cheddar cheese manufacture. Generation times of proteinase negative cells were 3.5 times as long in cheese milk as those of proteinase positives, suggesting a probable reduction of bacteriophage and antibiotic problems. Exclusive use of proteinase negative cultures is suggested for cheese making.
Photoabsorption and Charge Oscillation of the Thomas—Fermi Atom

The complications of calculating the photoabsorption cross section of atoms for frequencies in the far ultraviolet and soft x-ray regions motivate an analysis of this problem on the basis of the Bloch semiclassical model of hydrodynamic charge oscillation in the neutral Thomas-Fermi atom. The hydrodynamic modes of oscillation of the neutral Thomas-Fermi atom have a continuous frequency spectrum. The resulting photoabsorption cross section is a continuous function of frequency which scales with atomic number $Z$ and in this sense is a universal cross section, approximately applicable to all heavy atoms. Numerical solutions of the normal mode functions of dipole charge oscillation are used to calculate the photoabsorption cross section in a range of photon energies $0.816 \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{eV}l\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}l272 \mathrm{Z}\mathrm{eV}$, the range where the model is expected to be most realistic. In this range the semiclassical hydrodynamic cross section agrees with experimental data for the noble gases as well as could be expected for a cross section applicable to all atoms. The model cross section, extended to zero and infinite frequencies by analytical calculation, checks the sum rule to within 2%; but gives a value $I=4.95$ $Z$ eV for the logarithmic mean excitation energy of stopping power formulas. The unrealistically low value of $\frac{I}{Z}$ results because the Thomas-Fermi atom exaggerates the number of electrons which absorb at low frequencies. Use of the hydrodynamic cross section in the approximate range of validity of this model $\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}g0.816$ Z eV gives $I=12.4{e}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}$ Z eV, where $\ensuremath{\beta}$ depends upon the oscillator strength below $\ensuremath{\Elzxh}\ensuremath{\omega}=0.816$ Z eV which cannot be satisfactorily determined from the Bloch model. Used within its limitations the Bloch model of hydrodynamic oscillation in the statistical atom provides a useful method of estimating photoabsorption cross sections and could possibly be applied to other atomic processes.
Multiple Loci and Epistases Control Genetic Variation for Seed Dormancy in Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa)

Weedy rice has much stronger seed dormancy than cultivated rice. A wild-like weedy strain SS18-2 was selected to investigate the genetic architecture underlying seed dormancy, a critical adaptive trait in plants. A framework genetic map covering the rice genome was constructed on the basis of 156 BC1 [EM93-1 (nondormant breeding line)//EM93-1/SS18-2] individuals. The mapping population was replicated using a split-tiller technique to control and better estimate the environmental variation. Dormancy was determined by germination of seeds after 1, 11, and 21 days of after-ripening (DAR). Six dormancy QTL, designated as qSDS-4, -6, -7-1, -7-2, -8 , and -12 , were identified. The locus qSDS-7-1 was tightly linked to the red pericarp color gene Rc . A QTL × DAR interaction was detected for qSDS-12 , the locus with the largest main effect at 1, 11, and 21 DAR ( R 2 = 0.14, 0.24, and 0.20, respectively). Two, three, and four orders of epistases were detected with four, six, and six QTL, respectively. The higher-order epistases strongly suggest the presence of genetically complex networks in the regulation of variation for seed dormancy in natural populations and make it critical to select for a favorable combination of alleles at multiple loci in positional cloning of a target dormancy gene.