cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of Metal Ion and Polymer Core on the Melt Rheology of Metallosupramolecular Films

Detailed rheological studies of metallosupramolecular polymer films in the melt were performed to elucidate the influence of the metal ion and polymer components on their mechanical and structural ...
Some Notes upon the Career of Robert Grosseteste

The seventh centenary of the death of Robert Grosseteste, the brilliant theologian and scientist who became bishop of Lincoln, was celebrated in 1953 and stimulated some interest in him and his work. The same year saw the publication of an outstanding study of his contribution to the origins of experimental science. The author of this study regards Grosseteste as “the first medieval writer to recognize and deal with the two fundamental methodological problems of induction and experimental verification and falsification which arose when the Greek conception of geometrical demonstration was applied to the world of experience.” Grosseteste's eminent position in science and theology thus makes the problem of his early life and education more significant both as to sources of influence and dates and places of education.
General- R High-Temperature Series for the Susceptibility, Second Moment, and Specific Heat of sc and fcc Ising Models with Lattice Anisotropy

Of particular current interest is the critical behavior of functions on crossing over from one lattice dimensionality to another. To this end, we report high-temperature series for an Ising model with lattice anisotropy-i.e., with different exchange constants for different lattice directions. The Hamiltonian is ${\mathcal{H}}_{l,\mathrm{anis}}=\ensuremath{-}{J}_{\mathrm{xy}}\ensuremath{\Sigma}{〈\mathrm{ij}〉}^{\mathrm{xy}}{s}_{i}{s}_{j}\ensuremath{-}{J}_{z}\ensuremath{\Sigma}{〈\mathrm{ij}〉}^{z}{s}_{i}{s}_{j}\ensuremath{\equiv}\ensuremath{-}{J}_{\mathrm{xy}}(\ensuremath{\Sigma}{〈\mathrm{ij}〉}^{\mathrm{xy}}{s}_{i}{s}_{j}+R\ensuremath{\Sigma}{〈\mathrm{ij}〉}^{z}{s}_{i}{s}_{j})$ where ${s}_{i}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$, the first summation is over all nearest-neighbor pairs in the $\mathrm{xy}$ plane, and the second sum is over pairs coupled in the $z$ direction. The susceptibility, second moment, and specific-heat series are explicitly presented for arbitrary ${J}_{\mathrm{xy}}$ and ${J}_{z}$ for the simple cubic (sc) and face-centered cubic (fcc) lattices to tenth order in inverse temperature. The general-$R$ series are essential if one wishes to study the Riedel-Wegner crossover exponent appropriate to changing lattice dimensionality, since for $R\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{{J}_{z}}{{J}_{\mathrm{xy}}}=0$, both the sc and fcc lattices reduce to two-dimensional square lattices, while in the limit $R\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$, the sc reduces to noninteracting linear chains.
A comparison of the patterns of the neuropsychological performance in two groups of learning disabled children

The present paper examined the neuropsychological profiles of two groups of learning disabled children using the Luria‐Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. Three groups of 12 children were selected on the basis of their performance on the Wide Range Achievement Test: a normal control group, a group of children deficient in reading and spelling only, and a group deficient in math only. Alt were tested using the WISC‐R, the Luria‐Nebraska Battery, and several tests of tactile perception from the Halstead‐Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery. The pattern or profile of scores on the WISC‐R did not differentiate among these groups of children, contrary to previous research. The expressive speech, writing, and reading scales of the Luria‐Nebraska Battery differentiated the poor reading/spelling group from the other groups but did not differentiate the group deficient only in math. Tactile perception tests failed to distinguish among the groups.
Good ethics is good for business: Ethical attributions and response to environmental advertising

Researchers have used attribution theory as a basis for exploring the relationship between consumers' inferences of advertiser motivation (attributions) and advertising response. This study postulated the existence of two new types of attributions which relate to the perceived ethics of the advertiser (advertiser ethical attributions) and the advertising message (message ethical attributions). Research conducted among a nationally representative sample of 273 adults: (1) verified the existence of both advertiser and message ethical attributions, (2) demonstrated the independence of advertiser and message ethical attributions both from each other and from other measures of advertiser and message evaluation, (3) identified the specific advertising characteristics which lead to the formation of each type of ethical attribution and (4) demonstrated a significant relationship between advertiser and message ethical attributions and measures of advertising response.
Alzheimer disease: 100 years later

Despues de transcurrido casi 100 anos desde la primera publicacion de un caso de enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), se han podido identificar genes que determinan formas clinicas precoces y tardias de esta enfermedad. Mientras que ciertas mutaciones de baja frecuencia en los genes que determinan EA precoz (proteina precursora del amiloide y las presenilinas 1 y 2) llevan a una produccion aumentada de formas especificas de la proteina s amiloide beta (sA), polimorfismos frecuentes en los genes que se asocian a EA tardia (apolipoproteina E y a2-macroglobulina) alterarian la depuracion y degradacion de sA en el cerebro. Aunque todavia no existe prueba definitiva para una relacion causal directa entre una produccion y/o remocion alterada de sA y neurodegeneracion, las aproximaciones terapeuticas de EA estan orientadas al descubrimiento de nuevas drogas que permitan disminuir los niveles patologicos de sA. El reciente descubrimiento de las enzimas (secretasas) responsables de la generacion de sA ha abierto el camino para el desarrollo de tales drogas, aumentando las perspectivas para una intervencion terapeutica mas exitosa sobre la EA
Drag reduction in fish-like locomotion

We present experimental force and power measurements demonstrating that the power required to propel an actively swimming, streamlined, fish-like body is significantly smaller than the power needed to tow the body straight and rigid at the same speed U. The data have been obtained through accurate force and motion measurements on a laboratory fish-like robotic mechanism, 1.2 m long, covered with a flexible skin and equipped with a tail fin, at Reynolds numbers up to 106, with turbulence stimulation. The lateral motion of the body is in the form of a travelling wave with wavelength λ and varying amplitude along the length, smoothly increasing from the front to the tail end. A parametric investigation shows sensitivity of drag reduction to the non-dimensional frequency (Strouhal number), amplitude of body oscillation and wavelength λ, and angle of attack and phase angle of the tail fin. A necessary condition for drag reduction is that the phase speed of the body wave be greater than the forward speed U. Power estimates using an inviscid numerical scheme compare favourably with the experimental data. The method employs a boundary-integral method for arbitrary flexible body geometry and motions, while the wake shed from the fish-like form is modelled by an evolving desingularized dipole sheet.
Cessation of injection drug use and change in injection frequency: the Chicago Needle Exchange Evaluation Study.

Aims To examine the effect of a needle exchange program (NEP) on incidence of injection cessation and change in injection frequency; to explore predictors for injection cessation and change in injection frequency; and to assess whether injection quitters transitioned to non-injected drug use. Design and setting Between 1997 and 2002, 901 injection drug users (IDUs) were recruited from an NEP program or an area with no NEP in Chicago, Illinois, interviewed for drug use behaviors, tested for HIV and followed for three annual visits. All participants were exposed to prevention services targeting HIV and drug abuse. Measurements Injection cessation was defined as no injection drug use since the last interview, and changes in the number of injections in a typical month were examined. Findings Sixteen per cent of study participants reported stopping injection for a median duration of 16 months, and most of them also ceased rather than initiated the use of non-injected drugs. Those who continued injecting reduced their injection frequency by 12% per year, on average. Independent predictors of injection cessation were infrequent injection at baseline, younger age and injecting with others. NEP use was not associated with injection cessation and change in injection frequency. Conclusion These results did not support the hypothesis that NEP use influences the frequency of injection over time. One-sixth of IDUs stopped injection for more than 1 year, providing a substantial window for relapse prevention interventions.
Constructing adversarial models for threat/enemy intent prediction and inferencing

We examine an adversary model that captures goals, intentions, biases, beliefs, and perceptions based on a dynamic cognitive architecture that evolves over time. The model manages the uncertainty surrounding the adversary using probabilistic networks. In particular, we consider the challenges of constructing such adversaries and provide solutions towards more effective and efficient engineering of such adversaries. We present the AII Template Generator tool which enables the rapid deployment of adversary models as well as on-demand construction of new adversary components.
Reflected light interference microscopy of living and fixed biological surfaces.

WHEN malignant and normal mammalian cells were grown directly on metal surfaces, a new technique was developed to photograph living cultures on opaque surfaces1.
A multisite randomized trial of the effects of physician education and organizational change in chronic-asthma care: health outcomes of the Pediatric Asthma Care Patient Outcomes Research Team II Study.

Background Traditional primary care practice change approaches have not led to full implementation of national asthma guidelines. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of 2 asthma care improvement strategies in primary care. Design Two-year randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting Forty-two primary care pediatric practices affiliated with 4 managed care organizations. Participants Children aged 3 to 17 years with mild to moderate persistent asthma enrolled in primary care practices affiliated with managed care organizations. Interventions Peer leader education consisted of training 1 physician per practice in asthma guidelines and peer teaching methods. Planned care combined the peer leader program with nurse-mediated organizational change through planned visits with assessments, care planning, and self-management support, in collaboration with physicians. Analyses compared each intervention with usual care. Main Outcome Measures Annualized asthma symptom days, asthma-specific functional health status (Children's Health Survey for Asthma), and frequency of brief oral steroid courses (bursts). Results Six hundred thirty-eight children completed baseline evaluations, representing 64% of those screened and eligible. Mean ± SD age was 9.4 ± 3.5 years; 60% were boys. Three hundred fifty (55%) were taking controller medication. Mean ± SD annualized asthma symptom days was 107.4 ± 122 days. Children in the peer leader arm had 6.5 fewer symptom days per year (95% confidence interval [CI], − 16.9 to 3.6), a nonsignificant difference, but had a 36% (95% CI, 11% to 54%) lower oral steroid burst rate per year compared with children receiving usual care. Children in the planned care arm had 13.3 (95% CI, − 24.7 to −2.1) fewer symptom days annually (−12% from baseline; P = .02) and a 39% (95% CI, 11% to 58%) lower oral steroid burst rate per year relative to usual care. Both interventions showed small, statistically significant effects for 2 of 5 Children's Health Survey for Asthma scales. Planned care subjects had greater controller adherence (parent report) compared with usual care subjects (rate ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.00 to 1.09]). Conclusions Planned care (nurse-mediated organizational change plus peer leader education) is an effective model for improving asthma care in the primary care setting. Peer leader education on its own may also serve as a useful model for improving asthma care, although it is less comprehensive and the treatment effect less pronounced.
The role of condylotomy with interpositional silicone rubber in temporomandibular joint ankylosis

Abstract The management of a 9-year-old boy with unilateral temporomandibular joint ankylosis is described. This case is presented as part of our ongoing clinical and laboratory evaluation of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
A task-based reach-zone analysis of the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle controls

The Function Allocation Matrix Tool (FAMT) is applied as the basis of a reach zone analysis for the controls of the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle. NASA's Constellation Program intends to return humans to the moon by 2020, followed by exploration to Mars and beyond. Orion will serve as the primary crew transport vehicle, and will be equipped with a modern ‘glass cockpit’ to allow operators to command and control all of the vehicle's systems from one of two operator stations. It will have a fraction of the buttons, switches, and dials found on the Space Shuttle flight deck. Instead, operators will monitor and command the vehicle's systems via graphics-based displays; thus the design of Orion's displays and controls places an increased emphasis on human-computer interaction and usability. It is therefore necessary to place controls in appropriate reach zones, defined as three-dimensional envelopes that define reach limits and boundaries within the Orion cockpit operator station. The FAMT is a systematic analysis tool with which to determine the appropriate location of cockpit controls and displays needed to support mission priorities. While the tool was originally designed for investigating incremental functionality additions to existing cockpits, it has been applied to Orion toward design of a completely new cockpit, and has played a crucial role in determining the minimum recommended reach zones for each control needed by the operator to complete their assigned tasks.
Women's ways of knowing in information technology specialties at a community college

Historically, very limited studies have focused on information technology (IT) programs in community colleges, let alone of women's participation in them. In light of the growing national debate on the need to increase female participation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM), this study closely examines women's involvement in IT in higher education. This study builds on Belenky et al's study of women's five ways of knowing (silent knowing, subjective knowing, received knowing, procedural knowing, and constructed knowing) in the social sciences and humanities. Through analysis of women's IT pursuits at a community college, this study provides evidence not only for the five existing ways of knowing found in Belenky et al's study but also for a new way of knowing exclusive to IT: logistical knowing.
Health Status, Mood, and Cognition in Experimentally Induced Subclinical Thyrotoxicosis

Objective: Our objective was to determine whether subclinical thyrotoxicosis alters health status, mood, and/or cognitive function. Design: This was a double-blinded, randomized, cross-over study of usual dose l-T4 (euthyroid arm) vs. higher dose l-T4 (subclinical thyrotoxicosis arm) in hypothyroid subjects. Patients: A total of 33 hypothyroid subjects receiving l-T4 were included in the study. Measurements: Subjects underwent measurements of health status, mood, and cognition: Short Form 36 (SF-36); Profile of Mood States (POMS); and tests of declarative memory (Paragraph Recall, Complex Figure​Figure),), working memory (N-Back, Subject Ordered Pointing, and Digit Span Backwards), and motor learning (Pursuit Rotor). These were repeated after 12 wk on each of the study arms. Figure 1 Study flow diagram. Results: Mean TSH levels decreased from 2.15 to 0.17 mU/liter on the subclinical thyrotoxicosis arm (P < 0.0001), with normal mean free T4 and free T3 levels. The SF-36 physical component summary and general health subscale were slightly worse during the subclinical thyrotoxicosis arm, whereas the mental health subscale was marginally improved. The POMS confusion, depression, and tension subscales were improved during the subclinical thyrotoxicosis arm. Motor learning was better during the subclinical thyrotoxicosis arm, whereas declarative and working memory measures did not change. This improvement was related to changes in the SF-36 physical component summary and POMS tension subscales and free T3 levels. Conclusions: We found slightly impaired physical health status but improvements in measures of mental health and mood in l-T4 treated hypothyroid subjects when subclinical thyrotoxicosis was induced in a blinded, randomized fashion. Motor learning was also improved. These findings suggest that thyroid hormone directly affects brain areas responsible for affect and motor function.
An examination of relationships of inherent, intrinsic, instrumental, and contributive values of the good sports contest.

(1983). An Examination of Relationships of Inherent, Intrinsic, Instrumental, and Contributive Values of the Good Sports Contest. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport: Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 52-60.
Motivating Technical Visionaries in Large American Companies

Many studies have been performed previously to investigate different theories of motivation and, more specifically, how to motivate technical professionals. The problem with these studies is that they consider groups of scientists, engineers, or technical professionals as a whole or "on average," despite the fact that not all technical professionals are the same. One particular set of individuals - technical visionaries - is a key driver of technical innovation and new product development within technology- intensive organizations. While the literature intimates the existence of these highly innovative individuals in industry, technical visionaries have not been investigated in a systematic manner. Through in-depth interviews with 24 technical visionaries, identified as such by managers in their Arms, this study identifies what methods are used in industry to motivate these exceptional individuals, what works and what does not. Our results show that technical visionaries are first and foremost motivated by internal factors, including the desire to see their ideas become a reality, and enjoying working "on-the-edge," and innovating. While many aspects of standard incentives and reward systems used to motivate technical professionals in general are also motivating for technical visionaries, these results indicate that they are motivated by additional factors not generally discussed in the literature.
Use of Cold Cardioplegic Solution for Vein Graft Distention and Preservation: A Light and Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

Abstract To evaluate the effect of a cardioplegic solution on the endothelium of the saphenous vein, portions of this vein were harvested from each of 5 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass operation. Each sample was divided into five segments. One segment was distended with heparinized saline solution, one with heparinized blood, and one with heparinized cardioplegic solution (25 mEq of potassium per liter). All of the distending solutions were kept at 10°C, and pressure was carefully limited to 200 mm Hg. The fourth segment of vein was distended with heparinized saline solution but no effort was made to limit distending pressure, and the fifth segment was not distended. All samples were then examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. There were no great morphological differences in the endothelium of veins distended to 200 mm Hg with saline solution, blood, or cardioplegic solution. The morphology of these samples compared favorably with the control vein endothelium although scattered areas of endothelial disruption were present in every sample. Veins distended without pressure control showed massive endothelial disruption. The particular solution used to distend the saphenous veins is not as important as limiting the distending pressure.
A randomized, controlled study of Internet peer-to-peer interactions among women newly diagnosed with breast cancer.

Objective: Peer-to-peer interactions are associated with enhanced psychosocial adjustment among women with breast cancer. Millions of women with cancer and others with various health conditions use the Internet to establish peer relationships, usually without professional moderation. This paper reports findings from the first randomized, controlled study of the benefits of these types of Internet-based peer interactions. Methods: This pilot study involved seventy-eight women who were recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Participants were randomly assigned to either an Internet peer support condition or Internet-based educational control condition. Data were gathered at baseline and 4- and 12-months. Primary outcomes of interest were psychological distress and quality of life. Results: Contrary to hypotheses, participants in the Internet peer support condition tended to do worse over time on primary outcome measures. There were no differences between groups on secondary outcomes of perceived social support, self-efficacy, or hope. Paradoxically, many women in the Internet peer support condition actively participated and reported high levels of satisfaction, suggesting some self-perceived benefits. Conclusions: These results suggest that Internet based peer-to-peer interactions may not necessarily be universally beneficial despite the positive experiences reported by many participants. Further research is needed to understand the magnitude of this effect with a larger sample. Moreover, these results raise questions about the need to understand the comparative effectiveness of Internet-based communications by group structure (i.e., unstructured/structured; unmoderated/moderated) and the effect of content (i.e., expression of fear/anxiety, insightful disclosures, etc.) on outcomes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The water vapour self- and water–nitrogen continuum absorption in the 1000 and 2500 cm−1 atmospheric windows

The pure water vapour and water-nitrogen continuum absorption in the 1000 and 2500 cm(-1) atmospheric windows has been studied using a 2 m base-length White-type multi-pass cell coupled with a BOMEM DA3-002 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The measurements were carried out at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, Gaithersburg, MD) over the course of several years (2004, 2006-2007, 2009). New data on the H(2)O:N(2) continuum in the 1000 cm(-1) window are presented and summarized along with the other experimental results and the continuum model. The experimental data reported on the water vapour continuum in these atmospheric windows basically agree with the most reliable laboratory data from the other sources. The MT_CKD (Mlawer-Tobin-Clough-Kneizys-Davies) continuum model significantly departs from the experimental data in both windows. The deviation observed includes the continuum magnitude, spectral behaviour and temperature dependence. In the 2500 cm(-1) region, the model does not allow for the nitrogen fundamental collision-induced absorption (CIA) band intensity enhancement caused by H(2)O:N(2) collisions and underestimates the actual absorption by over two orders of magnitude. The water vapour continuum interpretation as a typical CIA spectrum is reviewed and discussed.
Hyperglycemia induces differential change in oxidative stress at gene expression and functional levels in HUVEC and HMVEC

Background Endothelial dysfunction precedes pathogenesis of vascular complications in diabetes. In recent years, the mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction were investigated to outline strategies for its treatment. However, the therapies for dysfunctional endothelium resulted in multiple clinical trial failures and remain elusive. There is a need for defining hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction with both generic and specific dysfunctional changes in endothelial cells (EC) using a systems approach. In this study, we investigated hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction in HUVEC and HMVEC. We investigated hyperglycemia-induced functional changes (superoxide (O2‾), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production and mitochondrial membrane polarization) and gene expression fingerprints of related enzymes (nitric oxide synthase, NAD(P)H oxidase, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) neutralizing enzymes) in both ECs.
Quality of care for severe acute malnutrition delivered by community health workers in southern Bangladesh

This study assessed the quality of care provided by community health workers (CHWs) in managing cases of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) according to a treatment algorithm. A mixed methods approach was employed to provide perspectives on different aspects of quality of care, including technical competence and acceptability to caretakers. CHWs screened children at community level using a mid-upper arm circumference measurement, and treated cases without medical complications. Fifty-five case management observations were conducted using a quality of care checklist, with 89.1% (95% confidence interval: 77.8-95.9%) of CHWs achieving 90% error-free case management or higher. Caretakers perceived CHWs' services as acceptable and valuable, with doorstep delivery of services promoting early presentation in this remote area of Bangladesh. Integration of the treatment of SAM into community-based health and nutrition programs appears to be feasible and effective. In this setting, well-trained and supervised CHWs were able to effectively manage cases of SAM. These findings suggest the feasibility of further decentralization of treatment from current delivery models for community-based management of acute malnutrition.
Identification of Six Autographa californica Multicapsid Nucleopolyhedrovirus Early Genes That Mediate Nuclear Localization of G-Actin

Nuclear filamentous actin (F-actin) is required for nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) progeny production in NPV-infected, cultured lepidopteran cells. We have determined that monomeric G-actin is localized within the nuclei of host cells during the early stage of infection by Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). With a library of cloned AcMNPV genomic fragments, along with a plasmid engineered to express enhanced green fluorescent protein-Bombyx mori G-actin in transient transfection experiments, we identified six AcMNPV early genes that mediate nuclear localization of G-actin in TN-368 cells: ie-1, pe38, he65, Ac004, Ac102, and Ac152. Within this subset, ie-1 and pe38 encode immediate-early transcriptional transactivators, he65 encodes a delayed-early product, and the products encoded by Ac004, Ac102, and Ac152 have not been characterized. We found that when driven by foreign promoters, ie-1, pe38, and Ac004 had to be expressed prior to Ac102 or he65 for nuclear G-actin to accumulate and that expression of Ac152 was no longer required. These results and others suggested that the product of Ac152 was a transactivator (directly or indirectly) of both Ac102 and he65 and that recruitment of G-actin to the nucleus was a temporally regulated process. Determining the functions of each of the six AcMNPV gene products with respect to our assay should provide valuable clues to basic cellular mechanisms of actin regulation and how AcMNPV infection affects them.
Effectively interpreting keyword queries on RDF databases with a rear view

Effective techniques for keyword search over RDF databases incorporate an explicit interpretation phase that maps keywords in a keyword query to structured query constructs. Because of the ambiguity of keyword queries, it is often not possible to generate a unique interpretation for a keyword query. Consequently, heuristics geared toward generating the top-K likeliest user-intended interpretations have been proposed. However, heuristics currently proposed fail to capture any user-dependent characteristics, but rather depend on database-dependent properties such as occurrence frequency of subgraph pattern connecting keywords. This leads to the problem of generating top-K interpretations that are not aligned with user intentions. In this paper, we propose a context-aware approach for keyword query interpretation that personalizes the interpretation process based on a user's query context. Our approach addresses the novel problem of using a sequence of structured queries corresponding to interpretations of keyword queries in the query history as contextual information for biasing the interpretation of a new query. Experimental results presented over DBPedia dataset show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art technique on both efficiency and effectiveness, particularly for ambiguous queries.
Assessment of Mood States in Psychiatrically Disturbed Patients With Dementia

Labile affect is a common characteristic of elderly psychiatry patients, especially among patients in the early stages of primary progressive dementia. The authors sought to develop a method of assessing the full range of positive and negative moods in psychiatric patients with early dementia and healthy elderly subjects. They modified the Derogatis Affects Balance Scale (DABS) to ease its administration in cognitively compromised patients and presented it to 51 geropsychiatry inpatients with dementia of either Alzheimer's or vascular etiology. The modified DABS was found to discriminate depressed and nondepressed dementia patients and have acceptable test–retest reliability coefficients, despite extensive variation in scores. Analyses of construct and criterion-related validity were also consistent with previous DABS normative studies.
Hospital Payment Source and Length-of-Stay:

The primary aim of the research reported here is to examine elements of the theory of social organizations as adaptive systems as derived from Roy's model by investigating the ability of hospital payment source to predict length-of-stay. A retrospective review was conducted of 3,297 records of patients discharged under 1 of 10 frequently occurring diagnosis-related-groups. Two groups were formed to isolate the contextual stimuli-patients whose hospital care was paid for under a diagnosis-related-group payment system and patients whose hospital care was paid for under a per diem payment system. The Tilton 0 statistic indicated a high degree of similarity between the two patient groups. Thus, length-of-stay could not be effectively predicted based on the source of payment to the hospital.
Getting the right answers for the right reasons: Linking measurements, analyses, and models to advance the science of hydrology

[1] The science of hydrology is on the threshold of major advances, driven by new hydrologic measurements, new methods for analyzing hydrologic data, and new approaches to modeling hydrologic systems. Here I suggest several promising directions forward, including (1) designing new data networks, field observations, and field experiments, with explicit recognition of the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of hydrologic processes, (2) replacing linear, additive “black box” models with “gray box” approaches that better capture the nonlinear and non-additive character of hydrologic systems, (3) developing physically based governing equations for hydrologic behavior at the catchment or hillslope scale, recognizing that they may look different from the equations that describe the small-scale physics, (4) developing models that are minimally parameterized and therefore stand some chance of failing the tests that they are subjected to, and (5) developing ways to test models more comprehensively and incisively. I argue that scientific progress will mostly be achieved through the collision of theory and data, rather than through increasingly elaborate and parameter-rich models that may succeed as mathematical marionettes, dancing to match the calibration data even if their underlying premises are unrealistic. Thus advancing the science of hydrology will require not only developing theories that get the right answers but also testing whether they get the right answers for the right reasons.
Capital Reallocation and Liquidity

This paper shows that the amount of capital reallocation between firms is procyclical. In contrast, the benefits to capital reallocation appear countercyclical. We measure the amount of reallocation using data on flows of capital across firms and the benefits to capital reallocation using several measures of the cross sectional dispersion of the productivity of capital. We then study a calibrated model economy where capital reallocation is costly and impute the cost of reallocation. We find that the cost of reallocation needs to be substantially countercyclical to be consistent with the observed joint cyclical properties of reallocation and productivity dispersion.
Children's perceptions about medicines: individual differences and taste

Bitter taste receptors are genetically diverse, so children likely vary in sensitivity to the “bad” taste of some pediatric formulations. Based on prior results that variation in a bitter taste receptor gene, TAS2R38, was related to solid (pill) formulation usage, we investigated whether this variation related to liquid formulation usage and young children’s reports of past experiences with medicines and whether maternal reports of these past experiences were concordant with those of their children. We conducted retrospective interviews of 172 children 3 to 10 years old and their mothers (N = 130) separately in a clinical research setting about issues related to medication usage. Children were genotyped for the TASR38 variant A49P (alanine to proline at position 49). Children’s responses were compared with their TAS2R38 genotype and with maternal reports. Children (>4 years) reported rejecting medication primarily because of taste complaints, and those with at least one sensitive TAS2R38 allele (AP or PP genotype) were more likely to report rejecting liquid medications than were those without a taster allele (AA genotype; χ2 = 5.72, df = 1, p = 0.02). Children’s and mothers’ reports of the children’s past problems with medication were in concordance (p = 0.03). Individual differences in taste responses to medications highlight the need to consider children’s genetic variation and their own perceptions when developing formulations acceptable to the pediatric palate. Pediatric trials could systematically collect valid information directly from children and from their caregivers regarding palatability (rejection) issues, providing data to develop well-accepted pediatric formulations that effectively treat illnesses for all children. Clinicaltrials.gov protocol registration system ( NCT01407939 ). Registered 19 July 2011.
Disclosure Provisions of the Model Rules of Professional Conduct

The intense debate surrounding the proposed Model Rules of Professional Conduct centers primarily on those provisions that permit, or require, the disclosure by lawyers of information that is presently shielded from production by Canon 4 of the Code of Professional Responsibility.' Indeed, were it not for the disclosure provisions, which many critics decry as fundamentally altering the lawyer-client relationship, the proposed Model Rules might have generated widespread support, or perhaps indifference, from most segments of the bar. The basic issue addressed by the proposed rules is this: to what extent should lawyers be compelled, or permitted, to reveal information developed in the course of the lawyer-client relationship, when such disclosure could prevent illegal or harmful acts by the client, rectify past wrongs, correct false or misleading statements made to a tribunal or an adversary, or provide a tribunal with all
The Community of Inquiry Classical Pragmatism and Public Administration

This article argues that the community of inquiry notion of the classical pragmatists has much to offer public administration theory and practice. The community of inquiry is an ideal position from which public administrators can effectively examine how they approach problems, consider data, and communicate. Participatory democracy is a vital component of the community of inquiry developed by John Dewey and Jane Addams. The recognition of participatory democracy's place in public administration is underdeveloped. The community of inquiry context provides a useful lens to show how participatory democracy can nurture a creative public service.
Design, expression, and stability of a diverse protein library based on the human fibronectin type III domain.

Protein libraries based on natural scaffolds enable the generation of novel molecular tools and potential therapeutics by directed evolution. Here, we report the design and construction of a high complexity library (30 3 10 13 sequences) based on the 10th fibronectin type III domain of human fibronectin (10FnIII). We examined the bacterial expression characteristics and stability of this library using a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-reporter screen, SDS-PAGE analysis, and chemical denaturation, respectively. The high throughput GFP reporter screen demonstrates that a large fraction of our library expresses significant levels of soluble protein in bacteria. However, SDS-PAGE analysis of expression cultures indicates the ratio of soluble to insoluble protein expressed varies greatly for randomly chosen library members. We also tested the stabilities of several representative variants by guanidinium chloride denaturation. All variants tested displayed cooperative unfolding transitions similar to wild-type, and two exhibited free energies of unfolding equal to wild-type 10FnIII. This work demonstrates the utility of GFP-based screening as a tool for analysis of high-complexity protein libraries. Our results indicate that a vast amount of protein sequence space surrounding the 10FnIII scaffold is accessible for the generation of novel functions by directed as well as natural evolution.
Fiber-optic signal processor with applications to matrix-vector multiplication and lattice filtering.

A new fiber-optic signal processor is proposed to implement systolic matrix–vector multipliers and lattice filters. 109 multiplications/sec can be achieved with currently available components for matrix–vector multiplications that involve Toeplitz matrices. A 2 × 2 (Toeplitz) matrix–vector multiplier has been experimentally demonstrated using single-mode fibers and directional couplers. The filtering characteristics of the device are also discussed.
Commentary - Auditor Independence: A Burdensome Constraint or Core Value?

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) delegates to private standards-setting bodies much of its accounting-related rule-making authority under the securities acts. It has long delegated, while maintaining oversight, authority to set generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) to the Financial accounting Standards Board, and authority to regulate generally accepted auditing standards (GAAS) to the AICPA?s Auditing Standards Board. Recently, through Financial Reporting Release No. 50 (issued February 18, 1998), it delegated authority to define auditor independence to the Independence Standards Board (ISB). Accounting and auditing standards have been the subject of much scholarly research, but independence standards are relatively unexplored. All three are essential to determining the value of our system of audited financial reporting for investor protection, as well as its value for corporate governance, and for facilitating capital formation. This commentary explores two views of independence, and how the views might be applied by practitioners, regulated by regulators, and studied by scholars. The views are based on my experience with the accounting profession as a member of the Auditing Standards Board and the Special Committee on Assurance Services (the Elliott Committee), as well as teaching auditing for M.B.A.s and accounting majors for more than 25 years.
Immature vessel percentage (IVP) as a potential predictive factor for anti-angiogenic therapeutics

21137 Background: As opposed to mature blood vessels, the early sprouts (lacking the pericyte coverage) are selectively obliterated after Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) antagonists (e.g....
An illustrated guide to the identification of the known species of Diatraea Guilding (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Crambinae) based on genitalia

The genus Diatraea Guilding is one of the most economically important groups of moths in the Western Hemisphere. The larvae are stem borers that feed on species of Poaceae, or grasses, such as sugarcane, corn, rice, and sorghum, as well as many other native grasses. Interest in this group has risen considerably since sugarcane and other grasses have been utilized and/or investigated as biofuels. This is the first modern study to treat all 41 valid described species. Most type specimens were examined and we provide a checklist with 19 new synonyms. We provide keys for the identification of most species in this genus based on morphology of the male and female genitalia and modern illustrations of male and female genitalia. We also provide an updated table of species distribution by country.
Pancytopenia in a Patient With Hypothyroidism

A 25-year-old woman with history of iron-deficiency anemia and hypothyroidism presented with fatigue and weight loss for 3 weeks. She was admitted recently for hypothyroidism, with a thyroid-stimulating hormone level of 209.1 µIU/mL (reference range, 0.4-4.0 µIU/mL) and free thyroxine level of 0.4 ng/dL (reference range, 0.7-1.5 ng/dL). Complete blood cell count then revealed a leukocyte count of 3800/µL; platelet count, 158 ×103/L; hemoglobin level, 6.9 g/dL; and mean corpuscular volume, 107 μm3. She was started on levothyroxine and takes no other medications.
The education of naval ship designers in the U.S.A.

The U.S. Navy is the source of most ship design and shipbuilding employment (direct and indirect) in the U.S. and it has been active in ensuring that sufficient and appropriately trained professionals are available to support its future ship design and shipbuilding needs. This has been achieved in a number of ways. Since 1901 MIT has maintained a graduate program in Naval Construction and Marine Engineering, MIT has also been the location of the Professional Summer Program consisting of a series of classified and unclassified professional courses. The Naval Postgraduate School offers Masters level education in warship related systems engineering and operations research. Even with all this activity the results are not meeting today's needs. To correct this problem the U.S. Navy along with the University of Michigan and other participating academic institutions augmented the available education in naval ship design by introducing a new intensive seven week summer naval surface ship design program. The above programs offered in the U.S. that augment education in warship design supporting the goals of skill set development, refreshment, and maintenance are described in this paper.
ACR survey results: diagnostic imaging scientists and engineers.

The American College of Radiology's Committee on Physics Resources of the Commission on Human Resources conducted a survey of diagnostic imaging scientists and engineers to assess who is providing radiologic physics and related services in diagnostic imaging departments. The survey forms were distributed through the members of the American Healthcare Radiology Administrators. Survey results showed a predominance of M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in physics and medical/radiological physics. Nearly all respondents had their time split between numerous categories of work, such as clinical and research, and between different modalities such as diagnostic x-ray, nuclear medicine and radiation oncology. To enhance physics services in important areas such as CT, which currently receive little time, support is needed for work prioritization, for training, and for positions for physics and physics-support personnel.
A Call for Unification of Dual- and Single-Process Accounts in Cognitive Models of Intuition

We examine how both single-process and dual-process accounts can inform models of intuition. To do so, we review theoretical differences between ACT-R and CLARION and propose a model unifying single-process and dual-process accounts within the ACT-R cognitive architecture. In this model, the function of cognitive decoupling is introduced and its role in the emergence of slow intuition is explained.
Dosimetric Predictors of Patient-Reported Xerostomia and Dysphagia With Deintensified Chemoradiation Therapy for HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Abstract Purpose /Objective(s): To estimate the association between different dose/volume metrics of the salivary glands and pharyngeal constrictors with patient reported severity of xerostomia/dysphagia in the setting of de-intensified chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Methods and Materials Forty-five patients were treated on a phase II study assessing the efficacy of de-intensified CRT for favorable risk, HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Patients received 60 Gy intensity modulated radiotherapy with concurrent weekly cisplatin (30 mg/m 2 ), and reported severity of their xerostomia/dysphagia (pre- and post-treatment) using the patient reported outcome version of the CTCAE (PRO-CTCAE). Individual patient dosimetric data of the contralateral parotid and submandibular glands and pharyngeal constrictors were correlated with changes in PRO-CTCAE severity. A change in severity (from baseline) of ≥ 2 was considered clinically meaningful. Associations between dose/volume metrics and patient outcomes were assessed with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression model. Results Six months post CRT, patients reporting mean = 22 ± 9 Gy to the sum of the contralateral glands (parotid+submandibular) compared to the patients reporting ≥ 2 change (N=21), who had an average D mean = 34 ± 8 Gy. V15 to V55 for the combined contralateral glands showed the strongest association with xerostomia (AUC = 0.83-0.86). Based on the regression analysis, a 20% risk of toxicity was associated with V15=48%, V25=30% and D mean = 21Gy. 6 months post CRT, patients reporting Conclusions Following de-intensified CRT, the rate of patient reported xerostomia/dysphagia appears to be associated with the V15 of the combined contralateral salivary glands and V55 to V60 of the superior pharyngeal constrictors.
Giving advice in medical Spanish: pragmatic and intercultural competence in the Spanish for the health professions curriculum

ABSTRACTThis article presents the results of a study focused on the management of the speech act of giving advice and its linguistic realizations by Spanish second-language learners and heritage learners enrolled on two advanced courses of Professional Spanish. We analyzed how two groups of students gave advice in three discourse completion tasks with different scenarios. Results indicate that both groups relied on a few basic structures with limited consideration of the proposed contexts, and highlight the need for a pragmalinguistic approach in Spanish for Health Care courses. We then propose a pedagogical approach that emphasizes the role of critical reflection, increases language competence beyond medical terminology, and focuses on an understanding of cultural parameters guiding health care interactions.