cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Update: gastric MALT lymphoma.

Purpose of review Gastric MALT lymphoma is a model malignancy for examination of how neoplasia may arise from chronic inflammation. It is also exemplifies the translation of biologic knowledge of a disease towards improved clinical practice. Several recent publications have furthered the understanding of gastric MALT lymphoma pathogenesis, clinical behavior, and treatment. Recent findings A substantial fraction of cases will harbor a balanced translocation between chromosomes 11 and 18. This translocation results in the generation of a novel fusion protein, aberrant nuclear BCL10 expression, and activation of the NF-kB pathway. The result is H. pylori-independent growth and a unique clinical picture characterized by a more advanced presentation and unresponsiveness to H. pylori eradication therapy. While more likely to require cytotoxic therapy, this subtype is paradoxically less likely to undergo large-cell transformation. Finally, clinical trials are helping define the optimal role for H. pylori eradication therapy and are demonstrating that therapeutic approaches incorporating stomach conservation are preferable for those cases unresponsive to eradication therapy. Summary The pathogenesis of gastric MALT lymphoma has been elucidated to a large degree in recent years. Understanding the biology of this disease will most certainly translate into clinical practice.
Information processing in the visual periphery

The information processing capacity of the visual periphery was investigated in two experiments using stimuli of known relative information content. The results of Experiment I showed redundant patterns to be easiest to identify at all peripheral angles tested (5, 10, 20, and 30 deg) as compared to intermediate and nonredundant patterns. Performance on all patterns decreased as peripheral angle increased. In Experiment II, simultaneous foveal and peripheral vision was required in a discrimination task. Performance was above chance only when the peripheral (7-deg) pattern was redundant. The foveal pattern had no effect on discrimination.
Mental Health of Adolescent Mothers

ABSTRACT Objective To propose an assessment and intervention model for adolescent mothers that evaluates the influence of physical, cognitive, affective, and interpersonal development on such areas of psychological dysfunction as unprotected sexual activity, substance abuse, and psychopathology. Method More than 100 studies were reviewed to identify correlations between discrete developmental events and evidence of psychological dysfunction in adolescent mothers. Results The adolescent's nascent developmental skill in one domain of functioning (e.g., cognitive) frequently exerts a synergistic effect on other areas of functioning (e.g., affective). This synergy increases the likelihood of psychological dysfunction. In turn, psychological dysfunction affects the emerging relationship between the adolescent mother and her infant. Conclusion The interaction between the nascent developmental status of the adolescent caregiver and her psychosocial environment enhances the probability of a maladaptive exchange between mother and infant. A model designed to overcome the adolescent's developmental limitations and promote adaptive interaction with the infant may avert dyadic interpersonal failure.
Behavioral and transcriptome alterations in male and female mice with postnatal deletion of TrkB in dorsal striatal medium spiny neurons.

Background The high affinity tyrosine kinase receptor, TrkB, is the primary receptor for brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and plays an important role in development, maintenance and plasticity of the striatal output medium size spiny neuron. The striatal BDNF/TrkB system is thereby implicated in many physiologic and pathophysiologic processes, the latter including mood disorders, addiction, and Huntington’s disease. We crossed a mouse harboring a transgene directing cre-recombinase expression primarily to postnatal, dorsal striatal medium spiny neurons, to a mouse containing a floxed TrkB allele (fB) mouse designed for deletion of TrkB to determine its role in the adult striatum.
Malignant Infiltration of the Liver Presenting as Acute Liver Failure

There have been few reports of acute liver failure (ALF), with encephalopathy and coagulopathy, caused by infiltration of the liver by malignant cells. We describe a case series of 27 patients with ALF caused by malignancy. We examined a large, multicenter ALF registry (1910 patients; mean age, 47.1 ± 13.9 y) and found only 27 cases (1.4%) of ALF attributed to malignancy. Twenty cases (74%) presented with abdominal pain and 11 presented with ascites. The most common malignancies included lymphoma or leukemia (33%), breast cancer, (30%), and colon cancer (7%); 90% of the patients with lymphoma or leukemia had no history of cancer, compared with 25% of patients with breast cancer. Overall, 44% of the patients had evidence of liver masses on imaging. Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy in 15 cases (55%) and by autopsy for 6 cases. Twenty-four patients (89%) died within 3 weeks of ALF.
Performance evaluation and analysis of vanishing point detection techniques

Vanishing point detection algorithms based on a Gaussian sphere representation have been employed in a variety of computer vision systems, for extracting 3D line orientations as a first step towards object detection. Typically, these algorithms have been applied to imagery with strong perspective effects and with little noise or texture, resulting in good solutions for line orientations. However, these algorithms can fail if perspective effects are weak, or if texture edges are predominant; they also fail to take advantage of knowledge about the objects to be detected. In this paper, two new techniques for robust vanishing point detection on the Gaussian sphere are presented; primitive-based vanishing point analysis and interpretation plane error modeling. The performance of these methods, along with two other existing methods from the literature, are quantitatively evaluated and compared for the task of building detection in complex aerial imagery.
Limited potential for adaptation to climate change in a broadly distributed marine crustacean

The extent to which acclimation and genetic adaptation might buffer natural populations against climate change is largely unknown. Most models predicting biological responses to environmental change assume that species' climatic envelopes are homogeneous both in space and time. Although recent discussions have questioned this assumption, few empirical studies have characterized intraspecific patterns of genetic variation in traits directly related to environmental tolerance limits. We test the extent of such variation in the broadly distributed tidepool copepod Tigriopus californicus using laboratory rearing and selection experiments to quantify thermal tolerance and scope for adaptation in eight populations spanning more than 17° of latitude. Tigriopus californicus exhibit striking local adaptation to temperature, with less than 1 per cent of the total quantitative variance for thermal tolerance partitioned within populations. Moreover, heat-tolerant phenotypes observed in low-latitude populations cannot be achieved in high-latitude populations, either through acclimation or 10 generations of strong selection. Finally, in four populations there was no increase in thermal tolerance between generations 5 and 10 of selection, suggesting that standing variation had already been depleted. Thus, plasticity and adaptation appear to have limited capacity to buffer these isolated populations against further increases in temperature. Our results suggest that models assuming a uniform climatic envelope may greatly underestimate extinction risk in species with strong local adaptation.
Terminal Differentiation of Intercalated Cells: The Role of Hensin

▪ Abstract During the response to metabolic acidosis, the intercalated cell of the collecting tubule converts from one that secretes HCO3− to one that absorbs HCO3− by H+ secretion. The molecular basis of this complex change in phenotype was studied in an immortalized intercalated cell line. We found that it was induced by secretion, polymerization, and deposition of a protein, which we termed hensin, into the extracellular matrix. Surprisingly, this change in phenotype is identical to terminal differentiation of epithelial cells in that it recapitulated all the characteristics of terminal differentiation, including a change in cell shape, acquisition of specialized apical structures (microvilli and ruffles), and the ability to secrete and endocytose materials in a regulated manner from the apical membrane. Hensin is expressed in most epithelia, and others have discovered that it is deleted in a large number of epithelial tumors. These results suggest that conversion of polarity of the intercalated cells ...
An adaptable hydrogel array format for 3-dimensional cell culture and analysis

Hydrogels have been commonly used as model systems for 3-dimensional (3-D) cell biology, as they have material properties that resemble natural extracellular matrices (ECMs), and their cell-interactive properties can be readily adapted in order to address a particular hypothesis. Natural and synthetic hydrogels have been used to gain fundamental insights into virtually all aspects of cell behavior, including cell adhesion, migration, and differentiated function. However, cell responses to complex 3-D environments are difficult to adequately explore due to the large number of variables that must be controlled simultaneously. Here we describe an adaptable, automated approach for 3-D cell culture within hydrogel arrays. Our initial results demonstrate that the hydrogel network chemistry (both natural and synthetic), cell type, cell density, cell adhesion ligand density, and degradability within each array spot can be systematically varied to screen for environments that promote cell viability in a 3-D context. In a test-bed application we then demonstrate that a hydrogel array format can be used to identify environments that promote viability of HL-1 cardiomyocytes, a cell line that has not been cultured previously in 3-D hydrogel matrices. Results demonstrate that the fibronectin-derived cell adhesion ligand RGDSP improves HL-1 viability in a dose-dependent manner, and that the effect of RGDSP is particularly pronounced in degrading hydrogel arrays. Importantly, in the presence of 70mum RGDSP, HL-1 cardiomyocyte viability does not decrease even after 7 days of culture in PEG hydrogels. Taken together, our results indicate that the adaptable, array-based format developed in this study may be useful as an enhanced throughput platform for 3-D culture of a variety of cell types.
Argon Laser Destruction of Anterior Chamber Implantation Cysts

Five patients with anterior chamber implantation cysts underwent argon laser therapy. Three cysts were eradicated and one shrunk to a small stable remnant within 1 to 5 treatment sessions. One cyst re-formed repeatedly, prompting iridocyclectomy. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 38 months.
OVERESTIMATION OF SNOW DEPTH AND INORGANIC NITROGEN WETFALL USING NADP DATA, NIWOT RIDGE, COLORADO

Abstract We evaluated precipitation quantity and inorganic N deposition from wetfall at the Saddle site on Niwot Ridge, an alpine location in the Colorado Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The chemical content of precipitation was collected with an Aerometrics wet-only deposition collector and precipitation amount was collected in a co-located Fergusson-type weighing gauge with a wind shield. Calculating the actual deposition of snow at a point in alpine areas is difficult because wind transport can cause under sampling or over sampling of the actual precipitation amount. We used a moisture sensor on the wet chemistry collector to account for blowing snow events, categorizing snow and rain collected in the Saddle precipitation gauge as precipitation events when the moisture sensor was “on” and blowing snow and rain events when the moisture sensor was “off”. Over a ten-year period, 61% of the winter precipitation was collected when the moisture sensor was “off”. Perhaps fortuitously, annual solid precipitation (October–May) of 1514 mm measured at the Saddle was 61% more than the 938 mm measured at an alpine site 2 km away and accounted for the difference in annual precipitation amount at the two sites. Annual inorganic N deposition at the Saddle site was then calculated as the measured summer deposition amount added to the measured winter deposition adjusted for over sampling from blowing snow events. These correction factors resulted in a 32% reduction of annual inorganic N in wetfall for the period 1986–1995, from an arithmetic mean of 4.7 to 3.2 kg ha -1 yr -1 .
STAT6-Deficient Mice Exhibit Normal Induction of Murine AIDS and Expression of Immunoglobulin E following Infection with LP-BM5 Murine Leukemia Viruses

The unique Gag polyprotein of the replication-defective virus responsible for murine AIDS (MAIDS) induces B-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, including immunoglobulin class switch-recombination to immunoglobulin E (IgE). Secretion of IgE normally requires the serial induction of interleukin 4 (IL-4), engagement of the IL-4 receptor, activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6, and induction of Iɛ germline transcripts as a prelude to switching. Remarkably, expression of IgE is equivalent in normal and IL-4-deficient mice with MAIDS (Morawetz et al., J. Exp. Med. 184:1651–1661, 1996). To understand this anomaly, we studied mice with a null mutation of STAT6. Lymphoproliferation and immunodeficiency, the hallmarks of MAIDS, developed with comparable kinetics and degree in normal and mutant mice. In addition, serum IgE levels were indistinguishable in mice of either genotype. We conclude that B cells from mice with MAIDS activate unique IL-4- and STAT6-independent signaling pathways for B-cell activation and differentiation.
An Integrative Approach to Horseshoe Crab Multiple Use and Sustainability

This chapter is designed as a perspective piece, using personal opinions to further the discussion about horseshoe crab management, a relatively new topic. I argue that horseshoe crab management and the science that management supports has been one-dimensional, focused almost exclusively on the commercial harvest. Fortunately, we can use lessons learned from fisheries management over time to guide us and adapt these lessons specifically to horseshoe crab management. Progress will require the incorporation of concepts including precautionary management, integrated assessments, cumulative impacts, and ecosystem-based management as we move beyond resource conservation to sustainable resource utilization.
Seasonal Variation, Abrupt Transition, and Intraseasonal Variability Associated with the Asian Summer Monsoon in the GLA GCM

Abstract In this paper, a description of the global and regional features of the Asian summer monsoon in the Goddard Laboratory Atmospheres (GLA) general circulation model (GCM) is presented based on a 10-yr (1979–1988) integration of the model under the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project. It is found that the earliest signal of onset of the Asian monsoon is represented by the emergence of convection over the Indo-China “land bridge” in early May, followed by the sudden jump of the equatorial ITCZ (intertropical convergence zone) to 10°N over the South China Sea and Indian Ocean in mid-May. This sudden jump is linked to an abrupt northward shift of the ascending branch of the local Hadley circulation, possibly stemming from symmetric instability of the basic flow in May. In agreement with observations, the model shows a pronounced intraseasonal oscillation along the equator and enhanced synoptic-scale activities identified as easterly waves in the tropical and subtropical western Pacific. These int...
Inter Partes Patent Review

As patent reform efforts meander their way through Congress, the information and technology industries struggle to cope with the thousands of patents that may or may not apply to their activities. Last year’s battle over the patents underlying the BlackBerry mobile service – and the resulting $600 million settlement of that battle – illustrate the stakes. A current lawsuit between Intel and chipmaker Transmeta over Transmeta’s microchip patents puts over $100 billion in Intel Pentium, Core 2 Duo and other processors at stake.Recently, however, Intel invoked a little-used patent review procedure as an alternative strategy to respond to Transmeta’s claims of patent infringement. Known as an “inter partes re-examination”, Intel is seeking an opportunity to put the lawsuit on hold while asking the United States Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) to review the original Transmeta patents.
Hemopoietic lineage commitment decisions: in vivo evidence from a transgenic mouse model harboring μLCR-βpro-LacZ as a transgene

A substantial body of published data suggests activation of lineage-specific genes in multipotential hemopoietic cells before their unilineage commitment. Because the behavior and plasticity of cells isolated in vitro away from microenvironmental constraints exercised in vivo may be altered, one wonders whether similar findings can be observed in a physiologic setting in vivo. We used a transgenic mouse model harboring human micro LCR together with beta promoter sequences as a transgene to examine activation of lineage-specific programs in vivo. By using LacZ as a reporter, we had the ability to detect, quantitate, and select live cells with different levels of LacZ activation. We found strong expression of LacZ by X-gal staining in 2 lineages-erythroid and megakaryocytic. Activation in the latter was a novel finding not previously observed when similar transgenes were used. We also found activation of muLCR-betapro at low levels in progenitor cells of granulocytic-macrophagic, erythroid, or megakaryocytic lineage detected by in vitro assays, suggesting activation before commitment to a specific lineage pathway. In particular, the expression of LacZ was graded among progenitors, so that in a proportion of them activation occurred only after commitment to erythroid or megakaryocytic lineage. In addition, we found quantitative reduction in LacZ expression between fetal liver and bone marrow-derived cells, the basis of which is unclear. Collectively our data provide in vivo evidence supporting the view that lineage-specific genes are expressed in a graded fashion in pluripotential cells before their irreversible unilineage commitment. (Blood. 2000;95:1274-1282)
Ethically Relevant Differences in Advance Directives for Psychiatric and End-of-Life Care

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric advance directives (PADs) represent a shift from more coercive to more recovery-oriented care and hold the promise of empowering patients while helping fill the gap in treatment of non-dangerous patients lacking decision-making capacity. Advance directives for end-of-life and psychiatric care share an underlying rationale of extending respect for patient autonomy and preventing the harm of unwanted treatment for patients lacking the decision-making capacity to participate meaningfully in planning their care. OBJECTIVE: Ethically relevant differences in applying advance directives to end-of-life and psychiatric care are discussed. DESIGN: These differences fall into three categories: (1) patient factors, including decision-making capacity, ability to communicate, and prior experience; (2) decisional factors, including expected outcome and the nature of the decisions; and (3) historical-legal precedent. RESULTS: Specific recommendations are offered. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians need to ap...
Symposium on Legal and Constitutional Implications of the Calls to Revive Civil Society

This symposium addresses legal and constitutional implications of the calls to revive or renew civil society (a realm between the individual and the state, including the family and religious, civic, and other voluntary associations). The erosion or disappearance of civil society is a common diagnosis of what underlies civic and moral decline in America, and its renewal features prominently as a cure for such decline. To date, there has been a great deal of discussion of civil society and proposals for its revival or renewal, but not enough discussion of legal and constitutional implications of such proposals. This symposium seeks to help fill this void. The articles pursue questions such as the following. What role do law and the Constitution play in the constitution of civil society? Does civil society serve as "seedbeds of virtue" - "our foundational sources of competence, character, and citizenship" - and foster self-government? Or is civil society's more vital purpose to serve as a buffer or check against the state? Should government attempt to secure congruence between democratic values and the structure and values of voluntary associations, or would such an effort offend commitments to pluralism and diversity? If it is not possible to establish a clear link between participation in associations, as such, and the inculcation of democratic values, are there some institutions of civil society that are especially valuable for cultivating civic virtue and fostering democratic deliberation? The family features, for civil society-revivalists, as first and foremost among the seedbeds of virtue. Is the family a seedbed of virtue or a school of inequality and injustice? What forms of regulation of the family are necessary and appropriate? Does the vitality of the family as a seedbed of virtue depend upon one particular form of family (i.e., the heterosexual two-parent, marital family) and should government seek to encourage that family form and discourage others? If business, labor, and economic institutions are within civil society, are they seedbeds of virtue that foster civic health or do current economic practices hinder civic health and put pressures on families, endangering their strength? More generally, how do proponents of renewing civil society view the relationship between systemic inequality (including racism) and civic health? Have civil rights movements and gains in equality and liberty contributed to the decline of civil society and civic virtue? Finally, would a revitalized civil society support democratic self-government or supplant it, and with what implications for federalism and the separation of church and state?
Effect of Multiple Pituitary Primordia in the Tadpole.

That the pituitary plays a prominent part in controlling metamorphosis and sexual maturity in vertebrate development is clearly established. But little is known of the factors that determine pituitary activity at these times. This study is directed at the analysis of these factors in the metamorphosis of the tadpole.The experimental animals drawn from the same batch of Rana sylvatica eggs were prepared as follows: (1) 30 normal unoperated controls; (2) 116 in which the buccal primordium of the hypophysis was removed in the tail bud stage; (3) 48 hypophysectomized, but with the hypophyseal primordium reimplanted either into the eye cup or under the adhesive discs; (4) 50 as in No. 3, but with the addition of 3 primordia implanted under the adhesive discs. The superficial ectoderm was generally included with a minimum of brain tissue, but no attempt was made to remove all possible adherent brain. When the animals were sufficiently developed to determine the success of the grafts in terms of the pigmentation...
Influence of Chemotherapeutic Agents on Experimental Chronic Respiratory Disease in Chickens and Turkeys

Abstract VARIOUS chemotherapeutic agents have been investigated relative to their influence on experimental and natural chronic respiratory disease (CRD) infection. The reported investigations (Adler et al., 1956; Crawley and Fahey, 1955; Fahey and Crawley, 1954; Fahey and Crawley, 1955; Jungherr and Luginbuhl, 1952; Peterson, 1953; Van Roekel and Olesiuk, 1953) reveal that the results are extremely variable especially in instances where these chemotherapeutic agents were tested in experimental and natural infections. It is recognized that the results were influenced undoubtedly by a multiplicity of factors that may exist in the field and that it is difficult to measure the true value of the drug under such circumstances. Experimental uncomplicated CRD systemic infections have usually failed to respond in any degree to drug treatment. However, in vitro and in ovo studies have revealed that the CRD agent (pleuropneumonia-like organism, PPLO) may be sensitive to certain antibiotics and chemical agents (Domermuth and Johnson, …
Fine metabolic regulation in ruminants via nutrient-gene interactions: saturated long-chain fatty acids increase expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism and immune response partly through PPAR-α activation.

Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney cells cultured with 150 μm of Wy-14 643 (WY, PPARα agonist) or twelve long-chain fatty acids (LCFA; 16 : 0, 18 : 0, cis-9-18 : 1, trans-10-18 : 1, trans-11-18 : 1, 18 : 2n-6, 18 : 3n-3, cis-9, trans-11-18 : 2, trans-10, cis-12-18 : 2, 20 : 0, 20 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3) were used to uncover PPAR-α target genes and determine the effects of LCFA on expression of thirty genes with key functions in lipid metabolism and inflammation. Among fifteen known PPAR-α targets in non-ruminants, ten had greater expression with WY, suggesting that they are bovine PPAR-α targets. The expression of SPP1 and LPIN3 was increased by WY, with no evidence of a similar effect in the published literature, suggesting that both represent bovine-specific PPAR-α targets. We observed the strongest effect on the expression of PPAR-α targets with 16 : 0, 18 : 0 and 20 : 5n-3.When considering the overall effect on expression of the thirty selected genes 20 : 5n-3, 16 : 0 and 18 : 0 had the greatest effect followed by 20 : 0 and c9t11-18 : 2. Gene network analysis indicated an overall increase in lipid metabolism by WY and all LCFA with a central role of PPAR-α but also additional putative transcription factors. A greater increase in the expression of inflammatory genes was observed with 16 : 0 and 18 : 0. Among LCFA, 20 : 5n-3, 16 : 0 and 18 : 0 were the most potent PPAR-α agonists. They also affected the expression of non-PPAR-α targets, eliciting an overall increase in the expression of genes related to lipid metabolism, signalling and inflammatory response. Data appear to highlight a teleological evolutionary adaptation of PPAR in ruminants to cope with the greater availability of saturated rather than unsaturated LCFA.
Sedimentary Response to the Activity of the Permian Thrusting Fault in the Foreland Thrust Belt of the Northwestern Junggar Basin

For the first time, the authors systemically studied sedimentary response to the activity of the Permian thrust faulting in the foreland thrust belt of the northwestern Junggar basin in based on the theory and method of tectono-sedimentology and foreland basin analyses. The research was conducted in terms of "points" (sections of 160 wells at a 1∶500 to 1∶2000 scale and 70 core samples), "lines" (15 well-tied sections, 52 seismic lines and 13 interpreted profiles) and "planes" (5 structural-sedimentary environment horizons from the P 1j to P 3w stage). The study indicates that synsedimentary faults active in different periods strictly controlled the sedimentation and distribution of fan bodies (alluvial fan, underwater fan, fan delta) formed due to various causes. The fan bodies formed at P 1j and P 3w are most developed. From P 1j to P 3w, the fan bodies in the Keramay-Xiazijie area are well superposed and exhibit obvious advance from the edge to the center of the Junggar basin, while the fan bodies distributed in the Chepaizi-Zhongguai region are poorly superposed and show a tendency of striction and retrogradation towards the edge of the Junggar basin. Thus, it is can be seen that there are evident differences in thrust-faulting intension and regional migration among the Hongshanzui-Chepaizi, Karamay-Baikouquan and Urho-Xiazijie fault zones. On the whole, the Permian is characterized by a model of forward thrusting movement and gradual advance migration of fan bodies. That is to say, with the forward thrusting movement of synsedimentary faults controlling the fans from mountainous region to the edge of the Junggar basin, fan bodies distributed in all fault belts gradually developed and advanced from the edge to the center of the Junggar basin and the fan bodies became larger, showing an obvious sedimentary response of gradual advance migration. There is an excellent coupling between them. Then, a concept and method of "activity index" was introduced, so that the author can quantitatively analyze thrusting intensity of synsedimentary faults in the study area. By using the sedimentary and stratigraphic markers of thrusting and napping, 3 thrusting-overriding tectonic phases and 7 thrusting-overriding tectonic events were identified. And 3 tectonic sequences, consisting of P 1j-P 1f, P 2x-P 2w, P 3w were recognized. Furthermore, it is pointed that the synsedimentary faulting tended to become stronger from the Hongshanzui-Chepaizi through the Karamay-Baikouquan to the Urho-Xiazijie thrusting belt at the P 1f, P 2x and P 2+3w stages. In the same thrusting belt, the thrust faulting intensity of the Urho-Xiazijie thrusting belt increased gradually from P 1j to P 2+3w.
Test System for Igniter Based on Labview

Igniter observation device is used to study the output property of igniter. In order to obtain the exact test result, Matching test system must be set up. According to practical problem, test hardware system is composed. Test software system is based on Labview, in which synchronal acquisition for many sensors is realized. Satisfied test result is obtained in experimentation. Igniter observation device plays an important role for further studying the effect law of igniter system on propellant charge bed.
Analysis of Human Brucellosis Surveillance in Huadu District from 1992 to 2004

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Huadu district and to provide scientific evidence for future preventive and control measures. Method Surveillance was carried out among high risk groups of brucellosis in Huadu district. Results Serological test results showed that from 1992 to 2004,2 out of 1 559 persons were positive for brucellosis(0.13%).Both the infected persons were male veterinarian aged 20-30. Conclusion Through comprehensive preventive and control measures, human brucellosis has been effectively controlled. However, to consolidate the success that already has been achieved,surveillance of brucellosis among human being and animals should be continued on a long-term basis.
EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE INJECTION FOR ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY IN LIAOHE LIGHT OIL DISTRICT

It is an important way to enhance oil recovery through gas injection after injecting water. The efficiency of EOR of carbon dioxide injection relates closely to the properties of crude oil. Whether carbon dioxide injection can be conducted will be decided according to PVT parameters, MMP of crude oil with CO 2 and crude oil properties after CO 2 injection. We pick 5 typical oil samples from different oil companies in Liaohe oil field to study the phase behavior characterization and analyze the oil properties after the crude oil is miscible with CO 2 . We also measured the minimum miscible pressures of two oil samples, according to which we evaluated the crude oil properties and analyze the possibility of CO 2 injection. The results showed that CO 2 injection in Liaohe light oil district can enhance oil recovery, but it is difficult for crude oil to be miscible with injected CO 2 .
Gluttonous Grain Pattern-the Significant Model of the Bronze Times

The invention of the bronze vessels is the indication of the advance of technology of human beings,which has pushed social transformation and development.The author of the present article analyzes the formation of the gluttonous grain patterns from some legends,the definitions of fairy tales,and their sculptures.
The role of pre-ovulatory progesterone in the midcycle gonadotrophin surge, ovulation and subsequent luteal phase: studies with RU486 in rhesus monkeys

Conflicting evidence exists on the possible physiological role of progesterone in the regulation of the midcycle surge of gonadotrophins during the normal primate menstrual cycle. We designed the present study based on the availability of a potent antiprogesterone, RU486, that acts by binding to the progesterone receptor without inducing progestational activity. Regularly cycling rhesus monkeys received daily administration of RU486, 10 mg orally (n = 8) or vehicle (n = 5) from the day of the menstrual cycle in which serum oestradiol was 130 pg/ml or more, and a laparoscopy revealed the presence of a dominant follicle. While vehicle administration did not affect the normal ovulatory pattern nor the hormonal milieu of the menstrual cycles, RU486 induced marked aberrations during the treated cycles. Delay of ovulation with a normal subsequent luteal phase was observed in three animals. Three animals remained anovulatory until the following cycle and two animals that ovulated on days 14 and 16 of the treated cycles had short luteal phases. Analysis of daily FSH, LH, oestradiol and progesterone revealed that the administration of RU486 disrupted the midcycle pattern of gonadotrophins by disrupting them after the surge was initiated. Oestradiol surges were not different from controls and in all animals the ascendant levels of progesterone were interrupted by the administration of the antiprogesterone. This study clearly shows that the pre-ovulatory administration of RU486, a potent antiprogesterone, alters pre-ovulatory gonadotrophin secretion, inducing different degrees of menstrual irregularities such as anovulation, delayed ovulations and short luteal phases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Using Publicly Available Data to Construct a Transparent Measure of Health Care Value: A Method and Initial Results.

Policy Points: Using publicly available Hospital Compare and Medicare data, we found a substantial range of hospital-level performance on quality, expenditure, and value measures for 4 common reasons for admission. Hospitals’ ability to consistently deliver high-quality, low-cost care varied across the different reasons for admission. With the exception of coronary artery bypass grafting, hospitals that provided the highest-value care had more beds and a larger average daily census than those providing the lowest-value care. Transparent data like those we present can empower patients to compare hospital performance, make better-informed treatment decisions, and decide where to obtain care for particular health care problems. Context In the United States, the transition from volume to value dominates discussions of health care reform. While shared decision making might help patients determine whether to get care, transparency in procedure- and hospital-specific value measures would help them determine where to get care. Methods Using Hospital Compare and Medicare expenditure data, we constructed a hospital-level measure of value from a numerator composed of quality-of-care measures (satisfaction, use of timely and effective care, and avoidance of harms) and a denominator composed of risk-adjusted 30-day episode-of-care expenditures for acute myocardial infarction (1,900 hospitals), coronary artery bypass grafting (884 hospitals), colectomy (1,252 hospitals), and hip replacement surgery (1,243 hospitals). Findings We found substantial variation in aggregate measures of quality, cost, and value at the hospital level. Value calculation provided additional richness when compared to assessment based on quality or cost alone: about 50% of hospitals in an extreme quality- (and about 65% more in an extreme cost-) quintile were in the same extreme value quintile. With the exception of coronary artery bypass grafting, higher-value hospitals were larger and had a higher average daily census than lower-value hospitals, but were no more likely to be accredited by the Joint Commission or to have a residency program accredited by the American Council of Graduate Medical Education. Conclusions While future efforts to compose value measures will certainly be modified and expanded to examine other reasons for admission, the construct that we present could allow patients to transparently compare procedure- and hospital-specific quality, spending, and value and empower them to decide where to obtain care.
Talbot’s Death as Passion Play in Shakespeare’s 1 Henry VI

This article examines the death of John Talbot in Shakespeare’s 1 Henry VI against late medieval passion plays. It argues that Shakespeare adapted common features of medieval pageants, and particularly those representing Christ’s crucifixion, harrowing of hell, and resurrection, to enhance the tragic impact of his secular history play. Finally, it theorizes Talbot’s secular martyrdom in relation to developments unique to the reformation of saintly devotion and the imitatio Christi in Elizabethan England.
Analogs of the ATP-Sensitive Potassium (KATP) Channel Opener Cromakalim with in Vivo Ocular Hypotensive Activity

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel openers have emerged as potential therapeutics for the treatment of glaucoma, lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in animal models and cultured human anterior segments. We have prepared water-soluble phosphate and dipeptide derivatives of the KATP channel opener cromakalim and evaluated their IOP lowering capabilities in vivo. In general, the phosphate derivatives proved to be more chemically robust and efficacious at lowering IOP with once daily dosing in a normotensive mouse model. Two of these phosphate derivatives were further evaluated in a normotensive rabbit model, with a significant difference in activity observed. No toxic effects on cell structure or alterations in morphology of the aqueous humor outflow pathway were observed after treatment with the most efficacious compound, (3S,4R)-2, suggesting that it is a strong candidate for development as an ocular hypotensive agent.
Malacoplakia of The Male Urethra

Abstract Malacoplakia is a characteristic inflammatory lesion of uncertain etiology, which was described initially in the urinary tract but, subsequently, has been reported in other viscera. Generally, it is an uncommon lesion and to our knowledge has never been reported in the male urethra.
Characteristics of Flow over Terminal Weirs and Sills

Generalized experimental results are presented to show variation in both discharge coefficient and nappe profile for two-dimensional flow over vertical sharp-crested weir at end of horizontal channel as ratio of head to depth of flow changes continuously from zero to unity.
Socially Courageous Actions: A Consideration of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Benefits to the Actor and Others

Socially courageous actions involve confronting risk and acting on the behalf of others. Often times the decision to intervene is swayed by a cost-benefit analysis of action. This research investigates individual considerations of the types of benefits (intrinsic or extrinsic) and the recipient (actor or other) of benefits associated with social courageous actions. Participants read a vignette designed to illustrate an instance of gender discrimination manifested by unequal pay. In an open-ended question format respondents were asked to state the perceived benefits for carrying out each one of two options: directly contact the district manager (action) and staying uninvolved (inaction). We found that participants focused on extrinsic other based benefits when considering the actor's decision to intervene on behalf of a co-worker. We speculate that these findings are due to a reliance on readily available concrete effects (e.g., job loss) rather than more abstract emotional outcomes (e.g., gratification).
RON kinase isoforms demonstrate variable cell motility in normal cells.

Introduction Aberrant RON (Recepteur d'Origine Nantais) tyrosine kinase activation causes the epithelial cell to evade normal growth pathways, resulting in unregulated cell proliferation, increased cell motility and decreased apoptosis. Wildtype (wt) RON has been shown to play a role in metastasis of epithelial malignancies. It presents an important potential therapeutic target for colorectal, breast, gastric and pancreatic cancer. Little is known about functional differences amongst RON isoforms RON155, RON160 and RON165. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various RON kinase isoforms on cell motility.
How membrane dysfunction influences neuronal survival pathways in sphingolipid storage disorders

Sphingolipidoses are a class of inherited diseases that result from the toxic accumulation of undigested sphingolipids in lysosomes and other cellular membranes. Sphingolipids are particularly enriched in cells of the nervous system, and their excessive accumulation during disease has a significant impact on the nervous system. Neuronal dysfunction followed by neurological compromise is a common feature in many of these diseases; however, the underlying mechanisms that cause vulnerability of neurons are not fully understood. The plasma membrane plays a critical role in regulating cellular survival pathways, and its dysfunction has been implicated in neuronal failure in various adult-onset neuropathies. In the context of sphingolipidoses, we hypothesize that gradual accumulation of undigested lipids in plasma membranes causes local disruptions in lipid raft domains, leading to deregulation of multiple signaling pathways important for neuronal survival and function. We propose that defects in downstream signaling as a result of membrane dysfunction are common mechanisms underlying neuronal vulnerability in sphingolipid storage disorders with neurological compromise. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nerve pathologic features differentiate POEMS syndrome from CIDP.

The objective of this study is to determine if the nerve pathology in patients with POEMS syndrome is different from CIDP. We hypothesized that nerve biopsies from patients with POEMS syndrome would have more small vessels and axonal degeneration but less inflammation than CIDP. We performed a retrospective analysis of nerve biopsies performed on “classic” CIDP and POEMS cases. Nerve biopsies were blinded and reviewed by two of the authors (EAP, PJBD). Teased fibers, paraffin-embedded sections, semithin sections and immunostains were analyzed. Small endoneurial and epineurial vessels were counted on paraffin sections with smooth muscle actin (SMACTIN) preparation to judge for neovascularization. A total of 61 cases (35-POEMS, 26-CIDP) were included. The POEMS-group had significantly higher axonal degeneration and fewer normal myelinated fibers on teased fiber preparations. The CIDP-group had significantly more endoneurial mononuclear inflammation on paraffin sections and immunostains. Large onion-bulbs were present only in CIDP cases. A significantly higher number of epineurial vessels was present in POEMS biopsies, with a total count of 120 epineurial vessels predicted as best cutoff to differentiate both conditions (77 % specific and 54 % sensitive). In conclusion, nerve biopsy can be helpful in distinguishing POEMS syndrome from CIDP. POEMS syndrome demonstrates more axonal degeneration and epineurial neovascularization whereas CIDP has greater endoneurial inflammation and onion-bulb formation. These findings support the idea that there are differing underlying mechanisms for these disorders, POEMS being related to paraneoplastic vasculopathy associated with angiogenic factors and CIDP related to inflammatory demyelination.
10Be measurements in bedrock constrain erosion beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet margin

Glacial erosion is a key process driving landscape evolution, but it remains unclear what factors dictate the rate and which subglacial erosion occurs and, moreover, measurements of subglacial erosion that do not rely on sediment-flux measurements are rare. Here, we present in situ 10Be measurements from bedrock surfaces in western Greenland with well-constrained ice-cover histories to quantify the erosion rate beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet margin during historical times. We calculate an abrasion rate of 0.72 ± 0.35 mm yr-1 and a likely total basin-wide erosion rate (abrasion + quarrying) of ~1-1.8 mm yr-1, which are at least 1 order of magnitude higher than typical subglacial erosion rates in other polar landscapes. A compilation of published 10Be data suggest that the southwestern Greenland Ice Sheet acts as a particularly effective erosional agent within the broader Baffin Bay-Greenland region over millennial to glacial-interglacial timescales, suggestive of a basal ice sheet thermal regime controlled by regional climate.
Ludwig Dietz, Die lyrische Form Georg Trakls: Trakl-Studien, V. Salzburg: Otto Müller Verlag, 1959. Pp. 196.

(1961). Ludwig Dietz, Die lyrische Form Georg Trakls. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 66-67.
SQL Injection: A Demonstration and Implications for Accounting Students

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to present a pedagogical case that demonstrates how a prevalent cybersecurity threat, SQL Injection (SQLi), operates. Prompted by questions from students such as: “How do cybersecurity threats work?” and “What specific actions can organizations take to mitigate cybersecurity threats?”, this paper demonstrates the technical inner-working of SQLi. Students first answer background questions on SQLi and then simulate SQLi in both a Microsoft Access and web-based environment.
A Generalization of Aztec Diamond Theorem, Part I

We consider a new family of 4-vertex regions with zigzag boundary on the square lattice with diagonals drawn in. By proving that the number of tilings of the new regions is given by a power 2, we generalize both Aztec diamond theorem and Douglas' theorem. The proof extends an idea of Eu and Fu for Aztec diamonds, by using a bijection between domino tilings and non-intersecting Schroder paths, then applying Lindstrom-Gessel-Viennot methodology.
Comparative investigation of stimulus-evoked rod outer segment movement and retinal electrophysiological activity.

Transient retinal phototropism (TRP) has been observed in rod photoreceptors activated by oblique visible light flashes. Time-lapse confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed rod outer segment (ROS) movements as the physical source of TRP. However, the physiological source of TRP is still not well understood. In this study, concurrent TRP and electroretinogram (ERG) measurements disclosed a remarkably earlier onset time of the ROS movements (≤10 ms) than that (~38 ms) of the ERG a-wave. Furthermore, low sodium treatment reversibly blocked the photoreceptor ERG a-wave, which is known to reflect hyperpolarization of retinal photoreceptors, but preserved the TRP associated rod OS movements well. Our experimental results and theoretical analysis suggested that the physiological source of TRP might be attributed to early stages of phototransduction, before the hyperpolarization of retinal photoreceptors.
Temperature Distributions of Reactor Fuel Element End Caps

The temperature distributions within plate or thin tubular fuel elements with bonded end closures are determined with an eigen-function expansion. A one-term approximation is given for end caps lon...