cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rotor Dynamics of Overhung Rotors: Hysteretic Dynamic Behavior

Overhung-configuration rotors are commonly used in the oil, gas and process industries. Examples of this type of equipment include power turbines, Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) expanders, turbochargers and pipeline boosters. Generally, in overhung-configuration rotors, the mass concentration is near the bearing on the overhung end, so the rotor dynamics behavior of these overhung-configuration rotors is different than other equipments that have their mass concentrations between the bearing spans, such as multistage compressors.Among the more important characteristics that directly affect the rotor dynamics of the overhung rotors are gyroscopic effects on the higher modes and the fluid-film journal bearings. Gyroscopic effects are more significant in overhung configurations because of the relatively large overhung mass. These rotors also have a short bearing span and a relatively stiff shaft, so the first two modes are characterized by rigid body motion, as long as the bearing supports are rigid, as in most pipeline boosters. For pipeline boosters it would be typical to describe them as subcritical machines. If the bearing supports are not rigid, as at the disc end of power turbines and FCC expanders, then the first mode can be amplified, and it would not be unusual to describe them as supercritical machines. This paper will assume that the bearing supports are rigid, as in most pipeline boosters.A phenomenon observed in overhung rotors is known as the synchronous thermal instability or “Morton Effect”. The Morton Effect occurs when synchronous vibration produces non-uniform heating of the shaft under the bearing, leading the shaft end to develop a thermal bow. It is typical for this to happen on the overhung end of the rotor, where there is more unbalance to react with any thermal bow.The paper examines the hysteretic dynamic behavior observed in an overhung rotor mounted on tilting pad journal bearings, presenting a series of analysis using state-of-the-art rotor dynamics programs, and comparing analytical results with measurements, handling possible variables associated with synchronous “hysteresis” vibration.© 2012 ASME
The human cationic amino acid transporter (ATRC1): physical and genetic mapping to 13q12-q14.

Abstract The product of the mouse Rec-1 locus is an integral membrane protein that determines susceptibility to infection by murine ecotropic retroviruses. Recently it has been determined that its role in normal cell metabolism is transport of the cationic amino acids, arginine, lysine, and ornithine across the plasma membrane. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from a panel of 48 mouse-human somatic cell hybrids assigned the human version of this gene, ATRC1 , to chromosome 13. Chromosomal in situ hybridization localized the gene to 13q12–q14. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) was detected with Taq I. There were two alleles with frequencies of 0.29 and 0.71. Pairwise linkage analysis established linkage between ATRC1 and ATP1AL1 , D13S1, D13S6, D13S10, D13S11, D13S21, D13S22, D13S33, D13S36, and D13S37. Multilocus linkage analysis of five of the loci indicated that the most likely order of loci in this region was D13S11- ATP1AL1-ATRC1 -D13S6-D13S33.
The Influence of Home, Dispositional, and Setting Variables on the Proximity of Preschool Children to Activities, Peers, and Adults

Abstract Twenty-five preschool children (M age = 49.52 months) and 7 adult caregivers were observed during scan sampling of morning free-play periods. Children's movements, locations, and proximities to adults, peers, and activities were recorded for 15 min each day for 5 days. Additionally, adult caretakers rated children's dependency and autonomous achievement striving, and parental questionnaires assessed home environments. Proximities to activities were related to the presence of adults and peers. Adults were proximal to small-motor activities, and peers were proximal to fantasy activities. Dependency and autonomy also were related to proximities to activities. Dependent children were unlikely to be proximal to reading activities but were often near large-motor activities. Autonomous children spent little time near eating and bathroom areas. Home environments varied most notably on the frequency of adult involvement in child activities. High adult involvement at home was correlated negatively with aut...
Oral Contraceptive Use and the Risk of Breast Cancer

The clinical impact of the association between oral contraceptive (OC) use and breast cancer risk is important given that OCs are the most commonly prescribed contraceptive agent and that more than a quarter of a million women are diagnosed as having breast cancer in the United States annually. Substantial changes to OC formulations have been made during the past decade, and this review focuses on recent OC trends and risks and benefits. We also have a better understanding of how estrogen affects breast carcinogenesis; research on this topic is ongoing and has the goal of decreasing breast cancer incidence and mortality.
Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy: the value and limitations of cores with microcalcifications.

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess cores with microcalcifications (CM) and without microcalcifications (CWM) obtained from vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB). The study included 12 atypical ductal hyperplasias (ADH), 37 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS), and seven invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) diagnosed by VABB (11 G) on the Fischer's table. More than 24 cores were excised. For CM/CWM, a separate pathology report was given. Open surgery followed, and underestimation was calculated. The CM/CWM discrepancy was evaluated (superiority, identity, and inferiority). CWM failed to make the diagnosis in 8.3% and 35.1% of ADH and DCIS, respectively. In 28.6% of IDC, diagnosis was made through CWM. CM volume was 1.2±0.3 cm3 for the two IDCs missed by CM, 1.0±0.4 cm3 for the 40 cases of identical diagnoses, and 1.4±0.5 cm3 for the 14 cases of CM superiority (p=0.048, Kruskal–Wallis test). CWM volume was 6.3±1.8 cm3 for the two IDCs missed by CM, 2.6±1.8 cm3 for cases with identical diagnoses, and 3.4±1.6 cm3 for cases of CM superiority (p=0.018, Kruskal–Wallis test). The underestimation rate was 8.3% in ADH, and 10.8% in DCIS. CMs are superior in DCIS/ADH diagnosis. However, CWM may be valuable for the diagnosis of the invasive component.
PET/CT for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer—Uses and Updates for Radiologists

Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) is commonly used in the staging and restaging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In this review paper we discuss the scenarios in which PET/CT that can affect the management of HNSCC patients. These include locating a carcinoma of unknown primary, staging the clinically node-negative neck, pretreatment staging of advanced disease, and post-treatment evaluation. We summarize the evidence for these uses on the basis of recent literature and also discuss emerging applications of PET/CT for HNSCC. These are topics that radiologists commonly encounter in clinical practice and on head and neck tumor boards.
Application of a Locus-Specific DNA Hybridization Probe in the Analysis of the Slow-Feathering Endogenous-Virus Complex of Chickens

Abstract To investigate further the sex-linked, slow-feathering (SF) locus, a DNA hybridization probe that flanks the integration site of endogenous virus ev 21 was used to probe Southern blots from a variety of commercial SF White Leghorn (WL), broiler, and endangered lines. After Hae III digestion of DNA from SF WL, the 5′ and 3′ provirus-cell junction fragments were seen in addition to a 2.5-kb fragment of cell sequences that was homologous with the viral integration region. The latter polymorphism, which appeared to represent sequences duplicated after integration of EV21, was designated unoccupied repeat URa. Among SF broiler crosses, the same provirus-cell junction fragments were found but the pristine region that represented the 1.6-kb proviral URb was also found. Only URb was found among rapid-feathering (RF) chickens, regardless of breed. Although there was marked (greater than 95%), agreement between the presence of ev 21-cell; junction fragments and the SF phenotype among both WL and broilers, Southern blots of DNA from a few commercial SF broiler chickens lacked ev 21 junction fragments but some RF revertants harbored ev 21 junction fragments. These anomalies suggest that ev 21 may not be the sole determinant of the SF phenotype.
Neurocircuitry Underlying the Preferential Sensitivity of Prefrontal Catecholamines to Low-Dose Psychostimulants

Low doses of psychostimulants, including methylphenidate (MPH), are highly effective in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). At these doses, psychostimulants improve prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent function. Recent evidence indicates that low and clinically relevant doses of psychostimulants target norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) signaling preferentially in the PFC. To better understand the neural mechanisms responsible for the regional selectivity of low-dose psychostimulant action, it is important to first identify the underlying neurocircuitry. The current study used reverse microdialysis to test the hypothesis that the preferential targeting of PFC catecholamines by low-dose psychostimulants involves direct action within the PFC, reflecting an intrinsic property of this region. For these studies, the effects of varying concentrations of MPH (0.25, 1.0, and 4.0 μM) on NE and DA efflux were examined within the PFC and select subcortical fields in unanesthetized rats. Low concentrations of MPH elicited significantly larger increases in extracellular levels of NE and DA in the PFC than in subcortical regions linked to motor-activating and arousal-promoting actions of psychostimulants (nucleus accumbens and medial septal area, respectively). The differential action of MPH across regions disappeared at higher concentrations. The enhanced sensitivity of PFC catecholamines to low and clinically relevant doses of psychostimulants, at least in part, reflects a unique sensitivity of this region to NE/DA transporter blockade. Available evidence suggests that the increased sensitivity of PFC catecholamines likely involves DA clearance through the NE transporter within the PFC.
Blind-velocity SAR/ISAR imaging of a moving target in a stationary background

A synthetic aperture radio/inverse synthetic aperture radar (SAR/ISAR) coherent system model and inversion to image a target moving with an unknown constant velocity in a stationary background are presented. The approach is based on a recently developed system modelling and inversion principle for SAR/ISAR imaging that utilizes the spatial Fourier decomposition of SAR data in the synthetic aperture domain to convert the SAR system model's nonlinear phase functions into linear phase functions suitable for a computationally manageable inversion. It is shown that SAR/ISAR imaging of a moving target can be converted into imaging the target in a stationary squint-mode SAR problem where the parameters of the squint-mode geometry depend on the target's velocity. A method for estimating the moving target's velocity that utilizes a spatial Doppler analysis of the SAR data within overlapping subapertures is presented. The spatial Doppler technique does not require the radar signal to be narrowband, so the reconstructed image's resolution is not sacrificed to improve the target's velocity estimator. >
Increased disorderliness and amplified basal and pulsatile aldosterone secretion in patients with primary aldosteronism.

To investigate the pathophysiology of altered aldosterone secretion in patients with primary aldosteronism, the pulsatile mode of in vivo aldosterone and cortisol release was examined by quantitative deconvolution analysis in 5 normal subjects (controls) and 10 patients with aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) under conditions of sodium (150 meq/day) balance. Episodic release of aldosterone and cortisol was assessed by sampling blood at 10-min intervals for 24 h. A waveform-independent deconvolution algorithm was used to calculate endogenous aldosterone and cortisol secretion rates on a sample by sample basis in each subject. There were no differences in the number of aldosterone or cortisol secretory bursts per day or their mean interpulse intervals between normal subjects and patients with primary aldosteronism. A 24-h rhythmicity in serum aldosterone concentrations was maintained in APA patients. Patients with primary aldosteronism had significantly higher (P < 0.01) aldosterone mean secretory rates, ...
Effect of prostaglandins and aspirin on active E-rosette formation in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Active E-rosette-forming lymphocytes were examined in patients with multiple sclerosis, patients with other neurological diseases, and patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Significantly fewer (P < 0.01) active E rosettes were found in multiple sclerosis and RA patients than in controls. The lower levels of active E rosettes in MS could be enhanced by physiological levels of prostaglandins E1 and E2 (10−4 and 10−11M). MS patients appar to have a circulating population of immature E-rosetting lymphocytes sensitive to modulation with prostaglandin E.
A neuromuscular testing device

Abstract Utilizing the described equipment and tests, neuromuscular disorders, aging, problems of the athlete, the accident prone and recovery processes can be studied. The described technique provides quantitative measures of the functioning of an individual's neuromuscular system. It is believed that this systems engineering approach has potential for clinical use and as a general research technique.
Circular DNA in human and boar spermatozoa

Circular DNA molecules were isolated from human and boar whole spermatozoa or spermatozoal nuclei and measured for size by electron microscopy. The DNA molecules derived from both mammals were heterogeneous in size ranging from 0.07 to 17 μm; nearly 75% of the molecules were ⩽0.5 μm in length. The mean lengths were 1.0 μm and 1.5 μm for circular DNAs isolated from human and boar spermatozoa, respectively. The origin and function of these molecules remains unknown.
Periodic intensity variations in global ENA images of saturn

[1] During select time periods in orbit about Saturn, Cassini's Ion and Neutral Camera (INCA) has detected a periodic global ENA signal. Images taken during such periods reveal the presence of a rotating source component in addition to a steady-state component; both components have peak brightness in the midnight sector, when viewed from near dawn. We present a model that synthesizes some of the basic features of the data and gives good agreement with the integrated signal. Both components, as well as the Compton-Getting effect whose importance was previously unrecognized in ENA imaging, are needed to explain some aspects of the data.
Cyclizations of mercury and palladium substituted acyrylanilides

Abstract Cyclizations via reductive coupling of a mercurial acrylanilide and carbometallation of a palladium derivative, each formed via amidometallation, follow a similar course.
A mutation causing a reduced level of expression of six β4-galactosyltransferase genes is the basis of the Lec19 CHO glycosylation mutant

To identify factors required for the synthesis of complex glycans, we have isolated Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutants resistant to plant lectins. We previously identified Lec19 CHO cells as ...
Samuel P. Newman's A Practical System of Rhetoric: The Evolution of a Method

(1998). Samuel P. Newman's A Practical System of Rhetoric: The Evolution of a Method. Advances in the History of Rhetoric: Vol. 1, A Collection of Selected Papers Presented at ASHR Conferences in 1996, pp. 55-68.
Electrophoretic behaviour and viscosities of metal oxides in mixed surfactant systems

The electrokinetic behavior and viscosity of anatase and alumina in mixed-surfactant solutions were investigated. Sodium dodecylsulfate and nonionic polyoxyethylene ethers were investigated as model surfactants. Pure nonionic surfactants adsorbed on anatase and coated the particles, so that the zeta potential was nearly zero near the critical micelle concentration of surfactant. At higher surfactant concentrations, an increase in the zeta potentials was observed, suggesting a change in the microstructure of the adsorbed layer. Addition of nonionic surfactant to positively charged anatase and alumina with some preadsorbed sodium dodecylsulfate reversed the surface charge of the oxide to negative, indicating enhanced coadsorption of the anionic surfactant. At higher concentrations of the nonionic surfactant, the charge reversed back to positive. Nonionic surfactants did not reverse the surface charge of these oxides in the absence of the anionic surfactant. Coenhanced adsorption of nonionic and anionic surfactants was used to stabilize alumina at the isoelectric point, where neither surfactant adsorbed appreciably on its own. These results suggest a dramatic change in conformation of the surfactant chains in mixed systems. Further explanation and justification of the proposed changes in adsorbed surfactant conformation require spectroscopic evidence.
Mapping and characterizing a new DNA replication mutant in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

A detailed characterization of the mak1-3 mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been made possible by modifying its genetic background. The mak1-3 mutation, which confers temperature sensitivity for growth, was originally identified as one of four mak1 mutations (Wickner and Leibowitz, 1976). Mak1-1, 1-2 and 1-4 mutants are deficient in DNA topoisomerase I activity and thus have been renamed 'top1' (Thrash et al., 1984). Studies presented here show that the map position of MAK1-3 on chromosome XVI distinguishes it from TOP1 which maps on chromosome XV (Wickner and Leibowitz, 1976). An investigation of in vivo macromolecular synthesis in the mak1-3 mutant shows that it is deficient in DNA replication at the restrictive temperature. Experiments in which DNA synthesis was measured in synchronized cell populations indicate that the mak1-3 mutant is deficient in the initiation step of DNA synthesis. Furthermore, crude extracts from the mak1-3 mutant cells support temperature-sensitive in vitro DNA synthesis on yeast chromosomal DNA replication origin containing plasmid pARS1, suggesting that the MAK1 gene product is directly required for in vitro DNA replication. The conclusion that mak1-3 is a newly identified DNA replication mutation is based on the observations that it (1) complements all DNA synthesis mutants examined, (2) maps to a previously undetected chromosomal location and (3) has a distinct terminal morphology. In light of these distinctions and of the role mak1-3 plays in DNA replication, it has been renamed 'dna1'.
Challenges to public policy and public management education

This paper examines public policy and management programs in Canada, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, and makes comparisons with similar programs in the United States. Our study of public policy programs shows that there are many challenges ahead in terms of making good decisions on the form and content of programs that will add value to governments and citizens. Appropriate choices in terms of program design and pedagogy will reflect different economic, social, 188 / Curriculum and Case Notes Journal of Policy Analysis and Management DOI: 10.1002/pam Published on behalf of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management environmental, and cultural influences and will be shaped by history, values, and the roles of public policy and management professionals within a particular governmental context.
Glycogen studies on white rats infected with Plasmodium berghei

Abstract The liver glycogen of female white rats infected with Plasmodium berghei decreased progressively with increasing parasitemia while a decrease in the carcass glycogen became apparent only in highly parasitized animals. Experiments with controlled food intake proved that the loss in carcass glycogen can be fully accounted for by the reduced food intake of parasitized animals, but this factor explains only part of the loss in liver glycogen. A true disturbance of the liver function has to be assumed in addition to the effect of semi-starvation. This view is substantiated by the observation that parasitized animals deposited less liver glycogen than nonparasitized controls when given glucose either orally or intravenously.
Generic and nongeneric bifurcation for the von Kármán equations

Abstract We consider the buckling of a rectangular plate subject to a compressive thrust and a normal load, as described by the von Karman equations. We show how for loads with some particular symmetry properties, the generic theory given by Chow, Hale, and Mallet-Paret, [ Arch. Rational Mech. Anal. 59 (1975), 159–188] for the bifurcation near a simple characteristic value, cannot be applied. We give the bifurcation curve for this situation, and also describe the transition between the generic and the symmetric nongeneric cases.
Ground State of Liquid Helium-4 and Helium-3

A variational calculation of the ground-state energy of liquid helium-3 and liquid helium-4 is made using, respectively, Jastrow- and Slater-Jastrow-type trial wave functions. In the boson (${\mathrm{He}}^{4}$) case, the quantum average, analogous to a statistical average over a fictitious canonical ensemble, is computed by a molecular-dynamics method for a system of 864 atoms. The following quantities are obtained: ground-state energy: -5.95\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K/atom (experiment: -7.14\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K/atom); equilibrium density (0.020\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002) atoms/${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{3}$ (experiment: 0.022 atoms/${\mathrm{\AA{}}}^{3}$); liquid-structure factor; fraction of particles condensed in the zero-momentum state: 0.105\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005. This is in good agreement with previous computations. In the fermion (${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$) case, the energy expectation value is calculated approximately by use, up to second order, of a cluster expansion of the effect of the antisymmetrization, developed by Wu and Feenberg. The ground-state energy obtained is -1.35\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K/atom (experiment: -2.52\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K/atom). The liquid-structure factor of liquid ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$, for which no experimental result is yet available, is calculated in this approximation.
Asymmetric search and prospect theory: choice experiment on consumer willingness to search in the gasoline retail market

We use an internet survey conducted among a representative random sample of drivers in the State of Ohio consisting of a choice experiment designed to examine the mechanism driving asymmetric search. The internet survey affords us the opportunity to overcome endogeneity difficulties by imposing exogenous price changes on gasoline consumers to examine the decision-making process behind intended search decisions. We randomly assigned participants to one of five price treatments (either 2.5 or 5% above or below their reported expected price, or no change). We provide a simple empirical model to derive testable implications under prospect theory and use the internet survey to test them. Results indicate that among the respondents who faced prices below their expected price, only 12% chose to search, whereas 45% searched when prices were above. Further, we find results consistent with asymmetric search being driven by prospect theory. The change in consumers’ willingness to search is twice as large when prices...
Tissue microarray analysis of maspin expression and its reverse correlation with mutant p53 in various tumors

Maspin is a member of serpin family with tumor suppressing activity. Initially identified from normal mammary epithelial cells, maspin expression was down-regulated in breast tumor cells by both in vitro assay and by immunostaining of clinical specimen from breast cancer patients. Recently, maspin research has been advanced to clinical research aimed at correlating the tumor progression with the expression level of maspin in breast cancers. However, due to the variation and large sample sizes, no comparison study of maspin expression has been done using various normal and tumor samples. The tissue microarray is a technique recently developed for the standardization and high-throughput screening of clinical markers. We have used the tissue microarray to examine the maspin expression in various normal tissues and cancers. Our data indicated that maspin was expressed at different level in most of human tissues in the array. However, maspin expression was consistently down-regulated during tumor progression. There were no obvious correlation between maspin expression and tumor grades, nor was there any correlation with the age of patients. Since wild-type p53 was found to activate maspin promoter in vitro, we examined weather there was a connection between p53 level and maspin expression in vivo. Our data indicate that maspin expression inversely correlates with mutant p53 level in majority of cancer, suggesting maspin is likely a p53 target gene in vivo.
Chronic Exposure to Combined Carcinogens Enhances Breast Cell Carcinogenesis with Mesenchymal and Stem-Like Cell Properties

Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer affecting women in North America and Europe. More than 85% of breast cancers are sporadic and attributable to long-term exposure to small quantities of multiple carcinogens. To understand how multiple carcinogens act together to induce cellular carcinogenesis, we studied the activity of environmental carcinogens 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), and dietary carcinogen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) using our breast cell carcinogenesis model. Our study revealed, for the first time, that combined NNK and B[a]P enhanced breast cell carcinogenesis chronically induced by PhIP in both non-cancerous and cancerous breast cells. Co-exposure was more potent than sequential exposure to combined NNK and B[a]P followed by PhIP in inducing carcinogenesis. Initiation of carcinogenesis was measured by transient endpoints induced in a single exposure, while progression of carcinogenesis was measured by acquisition of constitutive endpoints in cumulative exposures. Transient endpoints included DNA damage, Ras-Erk-Nox pathway activation, reactive oxygen species elevation, and increased cellular proliferation. Constitutive endpoints included various cancer-associated properties and signaling modulators, as well as enrichment of cancer stem-like cell population and activation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program. Using transient and constitutive endpoints as targets, we detected that a combination of the green tea catechins ECG and EGCG, at non-cytotoxic levels, was more effective than individual agents in intervention of cellular carcinogenesis induced by combined NNK, B[a]P, and PhIP. Thus, use of combined ECG and EGCG should be seriously considered for early intervention of breast cell carcinogenesis associated with long-term exposure to environmental and dietary carcinogens.
Methods for implementation of feedback loops in high speed FPGA applications

In many Digital Signal Processing (DSP) modules, increasing the number of pipelining stages to achieve higher throughput may break the module functionality if a feedback-loop exists in the algorithm. This paper addresses a novel algorithmic-level technique to modify implementation of feedback loops to allow deeper pipelining while sustaining the module functionality. An equivalent model for a first-order Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter can be obtained by a cascade model including a higher order repeated-pole IIR filter followed by a Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter. The order of the repeated-pole IIR filters, and hence the number of pipelining stages can be chosen to meet the Fmax requirements. The model is further developed to include a class of mathematical recursive functions to cover many different DSP applications.
Instantaneous Optimal Control with Acceleration and Velocity Feedback

In the experimental demonstration of aseismic control systems, difficulties were encountered in the measurement of the displacement response of the structure. During earthquake ground motions, both the building and the ground are moving so that there is no absolute reference for the determination of the displacement response. An optimal control theory is proposed herein, which utilizes the measurements of acceleration and velocity responses rather than the displacement and velocity measurements. Such an optimal control law is developed based on the instantaneous optimal control theories, and it is evaluated and compared with other available optimal control laws. Numerical results indicate that the performance of the proposed optimal control law is as good as that of other optimal control laws currently available. However, the contribution of such an optimal control law to the practical implementation of active control systems for seismic hazard mitigations may be quite significant.
Consequences of school violence: personal coping and protection measures by school personnel in their personal lives

To date, the fear of victimization of school personnel outside the school setting has not been extensively studied. Using the lifestyles-routine activities theoretical approach, this exploratory study investigated whether school personnel have concerns of being victimized by current/former students and parents/guardians. Using self-report data from a Midwestern rural school district, this study found that in most instances school personnel have a low fear of victimization and subsequently do not engage in personal avoidance activities in particular social settings, with the exception of a small number of males who reported avoiding current and former students in restaurants. Furthermore, the majority of school personnel did not report the use of personal protection measures or concerns related to the safety of their children and/or significant others or spouses. An agenda for future research is discussed.
Effect of steady and unsteady flow on chemoattractant plume formation and sperm taxis

Abstract The formation of chemoattractant plumes around benthic invertebrate eggs in steady and unsteady shear flows is investigated for a range of shear rates, and the ability of sperm to navigate within these plumes is assessed using several chemotactic strategies. Although many of the details of sperm taxis remain uncertain, we investigate the role of basic processes using a toy model in two dimensions. Search strategies in 2D are intrinsically less complex than 3D, but many of the basic components are similar, and the simplified geometry permits an understanding and identification of the key factors of navigation tactics. Numerical simulations are used to model the advection and diffusion of the chemoattractant within the different flows, using three different sperm swimming behaviors. A Monte-Carlo approach is then used to determine the probability of a sperm reaching an egg for a range of flow conditions, initial conditions, and swimming behaviors. The spatial structure of chemoattractant plumes at the scale of the gametes is also investigated. Success rates for locating an egg decrease monotonically with increasing shear rates, and a definitive hierarchical ordering of the tested swimming strategies is identified. A conceptual framework to study and identify important aspects of this fundamental process to support further studies is provided.
On the dissipation of partial sums from a stationary strongly mixing sequence

Abstract If a strictly stationary sequence satisfies the strong mixing condition, then either the distributions of the partial sums are “tight” with respect to their own medians, or else they become completely “dissipated”. The latter case holds if in addition the first maximal correlation coefficient is less than 1.
Managing project activity-duration uncertainties

Abstract The critical path method (CPM), project evaluation and review technique (PERT), and stochastic PERT, the most widely used tools for project management, each require different forms of activity duration information: fixed time, three-time estimates and an a priori distribution function, respectively. While PERT and stochastic PERT allow for uncertainty in activity durations unfortunately they require a number of strong statistical assumptions. In this paper, uncertainty in project activity duration is treated in a managerial context rather than as random factors. A linear programming (LP) formulation of the project activity network is constructed and a new simplex-type tabular solution algorithm is developed to find a critical path (CP). While the proposed approach requires a time estimate for each activity duration, it provides the manager with the allowable simultaneous, independent or dependent changes of the estimates that will preserve the current CP. The results of these analyses empower the project planner and manager to assess and monitor various types of activity-duration uncertainties encountered in real life situations. It is assumed the reader is familiar with LP terminology.
Bayesian Inference via Filtering for a Class of Counting Processes: Application to the Micromovement of Asset Price

This paper highlights recent developments in a rich class of counting process models for the micromovement of asset price and in the Bayesian inference (estimation and model selection) via filtering for the class of models. A specific micromovement model built upon linear Brownian motion with jumping stochastic volatility is used to demonstrate the procedure to develop a micromovement model with specific tick-level sample characteristics. The model is further used to demonstrate the procedure to implement Bayes estimation via filtering, namely, to construct a recursive algorithm for computing the trade-by-trade Bayes parameter estimates, especially for the stochastic volatility. The consistency of the recursive algorithm model is proven. Simulation and real-data examples are provided as well as a brief example of Bayesian model selection via filtering.
Aerosol-induced laser breakdown thresholds: effect of resonant particles.

Laser intensity thresholds for the onset of stimulated Raman scattering and the breakdown in resonant micron-sized droplets are reduced to below those for nonresonant droplets by a factor of about 3. This reduction is most likely caused by the enhancement of electromagnetic energy (photon) densities within the droplets over and above that in nonresonant droplets. The magnitude of the threshold reduction for breakdown is consistent with the assertion that: (1) input (pump) wavelength resonances that initiate plasma have cavity Qs of about 10 exp 4; and (2) finite regions of high-electromagnetic-energy density within the droplet, with dimensions of the order of the Debye length, are required to initiate plasma.
Tensionless contact of a flexible plate and annulus with a smooth half-space under axisymmetric loads by integral equations

Abstract In this paper, a new hybrid method of analysis is presented for the problem of a frictionless circular plate or annulus in tensionless contact with a half-space. By virtue of a set of analytically explicit Green's functions for the two interacting continua, an exact but compact integral equation formulation with closed-form kernels is derived. With the incorporation of a newly developed adaptive-gradient (AG) element capable of capturing regular-to-singular solution transitions smoothly, an accurate numerical procedure is developed and validated in a number of benchmark cases of nonlinear plate–annulus–half-space interaction. From the simplicity and rate of convergence demonstrated, the hybrid method is apt to be an attractive analytical–numerical platform that can be extended to a large class of contact problems.
Prototype for an organ system (liver) localization cardiovascular catheter

ABSTRACT This study describes the function and potential clinical utility of a sensor which can serve as a guidance mechanismallowing for the selective cannulation of the hepatic venous system without the need for additional imaging technology.The sensor is based upon a homogenous affmity fluorescence assay system utilizing the lectin Ricinus cummunisagglutinin I and covalently linked to the fluorophol Alexa 488 and its conjugate polydextran labeled with rhodamineand lactose. The affmity between these two macromolecules is sensitive to ambient galactose concentration which existsas a steep gradient at the hepatic venous/vena caval junction allowing this anatomic region to be discriminated fromirrelevant regions. This sensor system permits venous access for additional monitoring approaches such as venousoximetry.Keywords: Hepatic vein, Oximetry, Visceral Monitoring, Galactose, Fluorescence, Biosensor, Liver, Liver Failure,Oxygenation, Venous Oximetry 1. INTRODUCTION Severe illness may be associated with multiple organ system dysfunction or overt organ failure in hospitalized patients.Clinical evidence for organ failure usually relies on biochemical measurements of specific plasma analytes which areeither produced or cleared by the organ of interest. A perturbation of a specific analyte steady state concentration out ofthe normal range is usually interpreted as evidence for altered organ function and the degree of concentration alterationreflects the extent of dysfunction.Although specific substrates or metabolites for different organ systems such as the kidney and liver have been knownand found clinically useful for decades (e.g. creatinine and bilirubin), their slow rates of change in response to changesin clinical conditions represents a major drawback in their utility as functional indicators.' Normally, acute changes inorgan function are reflected as slow analyte concentration changes over a period of hours or days. This time framemakes real time therapeutic interventions impossible. For example, the occurrence of visceral hypoperfusion can best betreated if organ malperfusion can be identified immediately after onset.Hepatic venous oxygen saturation monitoring has been suggested as a mean of assessing liver perfusion and oxygenationduring different clinical conditions.2'3 This modality parallels the current practice of monitoring central mixed venousoxygen saturation in real time as a measure of systemic perfusion and oxygenation. The latter approach has been found
Deadbeat control and tracking of discrete-time systems

A new approach for forcing the state of a linear discrete-time system to zero in a minimum number of steps is discussed. The problem is formulated as the solution to a steady-state optimal control problem with no cost on the control. This problem in turn is set up as the solution to an associated eigenvalue problem. No special assumption on the open loop system matrix and/or the ratio of the number of states to controls is required. Stable numerical techniques are presented for solving for the feedback gain. Robust deadbeat tracking is also discussed.
Constitutive-operator smoothing by condensation

Abstract An existing condensation model reduction theory is modified so as to perform degree-of-freedom elimination on the constitutive operators of semi-discrete system models while retaining system-response-prediction fidelity in those degrees-of-freedom that remain. For the important special case for which this process corresponds to homogenizing/smoothing of the constitutive behavior of deterministic, heterogeneous media, such as composites, the spatially-discrete version of the macroscale constitutive operator is fully and directly calculated from the given, spatially discrete microscale-constitutive and material-independent operators, the composition of which forms the spatially discrete system operator. (In this paper, “micro” is taken to mean the scale of the heterogeneity, such as the inclusion-matrix scale of a composite component, and “macro” is taken to mean a scale which is globally small but large compared to the heterogeneity, such as the local-structural-response scale of a composite component. Some refer to this definition of microscale as the mesoscale.) The form of structural-scale composite constitutive operators, as well as their content, are hence amenable to systematic deduction in this semi-discrete setting. (Linear-elastic and viscoelastic forms are examples of stress-strain constitutive operator forms for solids.) This contrasts with current “guess the form and fit its parameters” techniques. In fact, it is shown that the semi-discrete kernel of a wide class of nonlocal macroscale constitutive operators can be computed directly. The condensation method of this paper is applicable to nonlinear constitutive relations as well as linear ones, at least to an extent comparable to the condensation model reduction theory from which it originated. As both a demonstration and a validation check, the method is applied to the computation of the macroscale stress-displacement operator for both a periodic and a nonperiodic linear elastic laminate.
Fertility restoration by seminal tract washout in ejaculatory duct obstruction.

AbstractA complex case of secondary sterility due to excretory azoospermia-dry ejaculation is reported. Transrectal ultrasonography and vaso-vesiculography revealed post-inflammatory total obstruction of the right ejaculatory duct. Excluding small radiolucent concrements in the seminal vesicle, no anatomical anomalies were identified on the left side. By performing antegrade seminal tract washout with saline solution it was possible to clear both seminal ducts and restore fertility in our patient. In select cases seminal tract washout may be a valid alternative to the conventional transurethral surgical approach for acquired obstruction of the ejaculatory ducts.
Fragments of lipoma ascending to the brain.

Abstract A 37-year-old woman underwent microsurgical resection of a “lipodermoid” tumor of the conus medullaris. Pre-operative evaluation demonstrated an incidental finding of multiple small hypodense lesions in the cerebral ventricles and basal cisterns on cranial computed tomography. It is hypothesized that these lesions represent rostral subarachnoid embolization of flecks of fat from the conus lesion. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is presented.
Developing a Community-Based Definition of Needs for Persons Living with Chronic HIV

With the advent of antiretroviral therapy, HIV has become a chronic illness for those who have access to the medication. But unlike our understanding of acute disease experience which can be grasped within parameters defined by categories of medical diagnosis and treatment, understanding the experience of chronic illness requires that we expand our analytic frame to include variables and perspectives created by the beliefs, behaviors, context, and culture of the participants. Drawing on focus groups conducted among African American, Hispanic, and white people with HIV in Detroit, Michigan, we show that expressions of needs related to the lived experience of HIV vary among racial and ethnic groups and between genders, resulting in an experientially distinct set of needs.
ISOLATION OF EPIDERMAL DESMOSOMES

A method is reported for the isolation of desmosomes in a high yield and of a purity suitable for biochemical analysis. The procedure utilizes the selective solubilizing action of citric acid-sodium citrate (CASC) buffer, pH 2.6, on the non-cornified layers of cow nose epidermis, followed by discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Electron microscopy with both thin sections of pellets and unfixed spread preparations reveals that after centrifugation, desmosomes are located mainly at the 55–60% sucrose interface. In the desmosome preparation thus obtained, the characteristic desmosome structure is well preserved, showing the midline, unit membranes, and dense plaques. Furthermore, removal of the epidermal filament bundles by the solubilizing action of CASC buffer has revealed a finely filamentous layer on the cytoplasmic surface of the plaques. The dimensions, location, and appearance of this layer correspond with those of the "connecting component" which has been previously suggested as being responsible for the attachment of epidermal filament bundles to the desmosome.
Oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity of a terrestrially hibernating hatchling turtle

Hatchlings of the painted turtle, Chrysemys picta, hibernate terrestrially and can survive subfreezing temperatures by supercooling or by tolerating the freezing of their tissues. Whether supercooled or frozen, an ischemic hypoxia develops because tissue perfusion is limited by low temperature and/or freezing. Oxidative stress can occur if hatchlings lack sufficient antioxidant defenses to minimize or prevent damage by reactive oxygen species. We examined the antioxidant capacity and indices of oxidative damage in hatchling C. picta following survivable, 48 h bouts of supercooling (-6 degrees C), freezing (-2.5 degrees C), or hypoxia (4 degrees C). Samples of plasma, brain, and liver were collected after a 24 h period of recovery (4 degrees C) and assayed for Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and carbonyl proteins. Antioxidant capacity did not vary among treatments in any of the tissues studied. We found a significant increase in TBARS in plasma, but not in the brain or liver, of frozen/thawed hatchlings as compared to untreated controls. No changes were found in the concentration of TBARS or carbonyl proteins in supercooled or hypoxia-exposed hatchlings. Our results suggest that hatchling C. picta have a well-developed antioxidant defense system that minimizes oxidative damage during hibernation.
Electromagnetic gain mechanisms in homogeneous plasmas

Abstract A study of the flow of time varying electromagnetic energy is presented which indicates that a wide variety of energy gain mechanisms exist within homogeneous plasmas; the required energy is supplied by the static currents and magnetic fields existing in the plasma. The specific case of two independent electromagnetic waves interacting within a homogeneous plasma is studied in great detail, and general conditions are derived, in terms of the propagation constants of such waves, that enables one to determine when energy gain (or activity) will be achieved. This study also leads to certain conclusion that are somewhat novel: namely, that gain is possible with certain waves even though the waves are individually stable (both temporally and spatially); a gain mechanism exists that is the result of a static magnetic field alone (no static current flow is required); and finally, that certain gain mechanisms exist at all frequencies and for all non-zero values of static fields, i.e. these mechanisms hav...
Radiative transfer through carbon ablation layers

Abstract The composition, emittance, and transmittance of carbon plasmas have been calculated for temperatures of 3000 and 5000°K, thicknesses from 0.01 to 1.0 cm, and pressures from 0.1 to 10.0 atmospheres. The carbon plasmas are assumed to be isothermal and in local thermodynamic equilibrium. The radiation includes molecular bands, atomic lines, and continuum processes. The calculations consider molecular carbon molecules, atomic and singly ionized carbon atoms, and electrons. The emittance and transmittance results are applied to a simple model of the ablation layer in the stagnation shock layer for two cases: (1) Jupiter entry and (2) Earth entry. The results show that the molecular carbon bands are most effective in blocking the high-energy stagnation shock layer radiation when the ablation shock-layer temperature is low. For high ablation-layer temperatures, the photoionization process in atomic carbon becomes very effective in reducing the radiation to the vehicle.