cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organic acids in the haemolymph of healthy and diseased Popillia japonica (Newman) larvae

Abstract Organic acid constituents in the haemolymph of healthy and diseased Popillia japonica (Newman) larvae were determined by partition chromatography, enzymatic analyses, and colorimetric procedures. Haemolymph from larvae infected with Bacillus popilliae Dutky, compared with that from healthy larvae, contained higher concentrations of malic, glycolic, tartaric pyruvic, and glyoxylic acids. No change in concentrations of butyric, propionic, acetic, formic, succinic, lactic, citric, and α-ketoglutaric acids occurred when larvae were infected. None of the acids decreased during the course of the milky disease. Gluconic and oxaloacetic acids were detected in the haemolymph but not determined. Organic acids account for most of the anion titre in the haemolymph.
Technology integration in public schools: generalising from Northeast Ohio to a global setting

Schools are conservative by nature, embodying as they do the essence of passing along the wisdom and skills of an earlier generation to those who must function in the future. Information technologies are the embodiment of rapid change, running through entire cycles of innovation in what seems the blink of an eye. When schools attempt to integrate technology into education, a major cultural clash ensues. The results are similar around the world, though the details vary. This paper attempts to provide a snapshot of that cultural clash as it currently exists within one region of the USA, discussing four different aspects of technology integration as it is taking place in the schools of Northeast Ohio: curriculum, pedagogy, administrative issues and professional development. In each case, the problems experienced by public schools are described, along with solutions which have been tried (whether successful or not). This paper concludes with a description of those dilemmas which remain unresolved, accompanied by a list of 'best practices' recommendations for educators working to integrate technology into the public schools of any country.
Semimicro determination of cellulose in biological materials.

Summary A semimicro method is described for the determination of cellulose inmicrobial cultures, other biological materials, or pulp and paper products. Lignin, hemicellulose, and xylosans are extracted with acetic acid/nitric acid reagent, and the remaining cellulose is dissolved in 67% H 2 SO 4 and determined by the anthrone reagent. The method gives quantitative recovery of purified cellulose from microbiological culture media, and also appears to be satisfactory for cellulose from paper pulp.
Uterine Cancer: American Cancer Society Atlas of Clinical Oncology

This textbook is part of a series entitled the Atlas of Clinical Pathology from the American Cancer Society. As there are very few textbooks devoted to malignancies of the uterus, it is a welcome publication. Although it is limited in scope to uterine cancer, it is has considerable breadth. It includes topics such as epidemiology, molecular genetics, a thorough discussion of uterine cancer pathology, and clinical issues ranging from detection and screening to postsurgical management. Thus, it will appeal to an audience with a wide range of interests in uterine cancer.
A Quest for Glory: Major General Robert Howe and the American Revolution.

Born into a wealthy and prominent Cape Fear River plantation family, Howe became a militia officer, justice of the peace, and legislator. In 1775 he was appointed colonel of the Second North Carolina Regiment and became commanding general of the Southern Department and the highest ranking officer in the states south of Virginia. He also served as a division commander with General Washington's main army in the New York Highlands, commanded the crucial West Point post, and put down mutinies in the American army. Originally published in 1991. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
Metabolism and excretion of estrone sulfate labeled with radioactive sulfur (S35).

Summary1. Radioactive estrone sulfate shows no definite localization in any of the target organs following intravenous or subcutaneous injection into mature female rats in spite of marked estrogenic response. 2. Estrone sulfate is rapidly hydrolyzed in the body. 3. Estrone sulfate is excreted not only by way of the urinary tract but considerable amounts find their way into feces.We wish to thank Dr. Edward C. Reifenstein, Jr., and Ayerst, McKenna and Harrison for the labeled and non-labeled estrone sulfate which they generously supplied.
Serum steroid levels following a large intravenous dose of a steroid sulfate precursor during the second trimester of human pregnancy. II. Pregnenolone sulfate.

ABSTRACT Serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 16α-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone (16α-OH DHEA), estrone (E1), estradiol-17β (E2), and estriol (E3) were measured by radioimmunoassay after intravenous infusion of a large dose of unlabeled DHEA-S to 11 healthy women during midtrimester pregnancy. Subjects were divided into three groups. The first group consisted of 5 subjects with a live fetus and intact placenta in whom the DHEA-S infusion was carried out before the pregnancy was disturbed. The second group consisted of 3 subjects with a dead fetus and an intact placenta in whom the DHEA-S infusion was performed after hypertonic saline amnioinfusion. The third group consisted of 3 subjects in whom the DHEA-S infusion was performed following passage of the fetus and placenta. DHEA-S levels fell exponentially following infusion. The mean DHEA-S half-life for all subjects with an intact placenta regardless of fetal viability was 3.86 ± 0.52 hr. With removal of ...
Participating from the sidelines, online: facilitating telementoring projects

Asynchronous,text-based communication is different from most other forms of interchange in important ways.It lacks the full spectrum of visual and audible information that people depend upon,often unconsciously, in face-to-face exchanges.It also requires different interaction strategies ifit is to be used to create maximal educational benefit by and for students and teachers.These techniques can be modeled and made explicit by someone closely following online conversations in the role of facilitator, helping participants to construct online teaching/learning experiences in mutually beneficial ways.The Electronic Emissary s years of research have shown that the people best prepared to assist in these ways have experience in both online communication and pedagogy.The Emissary s facilitators provide individualized,just in time assistance to teachers,students,and subject matter experts during their telementoring exchanges.
The resources construct in cognitive development: Diverse sources of evidence and a theory of inefficient inhibition.

Abstract The status of the generic resources hypothesis in developmental psychology is reviewed, including developmental data suggesting that limited mental resources is a causative factor in many developmental phenomena. Contemporary contributions from connectionist models and neuropsychology are presented and discussed as they pertain to the resources construct. The correlations between myelinization and the development of cognitive processing are discussed as possible explanations of developmental increases in functional short-term memory capacity. Finally, a model of inefficient inhibition in working memory is proposed. We propose that, with development, changes in children's neurological systems lead to increased efficiency of inhibitory processing, contributing to increases in selective attention and ability to keep task-irrelevant information out of working memory. The model may provide a middle ground for both resource and nonresource theorists.
On multiple determinants of racial differences in intelligence: A reply to Jensen

Abstract A belief in the multidimensional nature of intelligence prompted Borkowski and Krause (1983) to reexamine the race-IQ controversy from a new theoretical perspective. Jensen has subsequently forced us to look more carefully at data presented in the earlier paper. After we corrected all measures in the perceptual efficiency and executive systems for unreliability and rethought the earlier data, our original conclusions remain tenable: Control processes and metacognitive states are important factors in understanding the sources of race-related differences in intelligence. In accord with the earlier conclusion, we do not deny the association of “speediness” (perceptual efficiency) with race-IQ differences but rather argue for the necessity, and utility, of a broader, multidimensional conceptualization of the nature and growth of intelligence.
Conditional deletion of β-catenin in the mesenchyme of the developing mouse uterus results in a switch to adipogenesis in the myometrium

Abstract Precise cell fate decisions during differentiation of uterine tissues from the embryonic Mullerian duct are critical for normal fertility. Wnt-7a, a member of the Wnt family of secreted signaling molecules that can signal through a canonical β-catenin pathway, is necessary for the correct differentiation of both anterior/posterior and radial axes of the uterus. In order to investigate the role of β-catenin directly in mouse uterine development, we have generated mice that are deficient in β-catenin expression in the embryonic Mullerian duct. We have found that conditional deletion of β-catenin in the Mullerian duct mesenchyme before postnatal differentiation of the uterine layers results in a phenotype that is distinct from the phenotype observed by deletion of Wnt-7a. Shortly after birth, the uteri of the conditional mutants appear smaller and less organized. The uteri of adult conditional β-catenin mutants are grossly deficient in smooth muscle of the myometrium, which has been replaced by adipose, a phenotype resembling human lipoleiomyoma. We also show that the adipocytes in the uteri of mice conditionally deleted for β-catenin are derived from Mullerian inhibiting substance type II receptor-expressing cells suggesting that they share a common origin with the uterine smooth muscle cells. These results describe the first molecular evidence linking disruption of β-catenin expression in mesenchymal cells with a switch from myogenesis to adipogenesis in vivo.
Parallel two-level simulated annealing

In this paper, we propose a new kind of simulated annealing algorithm called two-level simulated annealing for solving certain class of hard combinatorial optimization problems. This two-level simulated annealing algorithm is less likely to get stuck at a non-global minimizer than conventional simulated annealing algorithms. We also propose a parallel version of our two-level simulated annealing algorithm and discuss its efficiency. This new technique is then applied to the Molecular Conformation problem in 3 dimensional Euclidean space and implemented on the Thinking Machines CM-5. With the full Lennard-Jones potential function, we were able to get satisfactory results for clusters with as many as 100,000 atoms. A peak rate of over 0.8 giga flop per second in 64-bit operations was sustained on a partition with 512 processing elements. To the best of our knowledge, ground states of Lennard-Jones clusters of as large as these have never been reported before.
CXCR2-Dependent Endothelial Progenitor Cell Mobilization in Pancreatic Cancer Growth

Neovascularization is essential for tumor growth. We have previously reported that the chemokine receptor CXCR2 is an important regulator in tumor angiogenesis. Here we report that the mobilization of bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is impaired in CXCR2 knockout mice harboring pancreatic cancers. The circulating levels of EPCs (positive for CD34, CD117, CD133, or CD146) are decreased in the bone marrow and/or blood of tumor-bearing CXCR2 knockout mice. CXCR2 gene knockout reduced BM-derived EPC proliferation, differentiation, and vasculogenesis in vitro. EPCs double positive for CD34 and CD133 increased tumor angiogenesis and pancreatic cancer growth in vivo. In addition, CD133+ and CD146+ EPCs in human pancreatic cancer are increased compared with normal pancreas tissue. These findings indicate a role of BM-derived EPC in pancreatic cancer growth and provide a cellular mechanism for CXCR2 mediated tumor neovascularization.
He4 film flow suppressor for a dilution still and He3 purification

Abstract The design and construction of a still for a dilution refrigerator is described. This device yielded an He3He4 ratio of almost 300. In addition to its use in a dilution refrigerator the still has been used for He3 purification, where it proved capable of extracting a high proportion of He3 from gas with a large He4 contamination.
Childbearing in Prison: A Behavioral Analysis

An ethnographic study of the social and psychological experiences of antepartum and postpartum prisoners was undertaken using semistructured interviews. These data, coupled with chart review data for complications experienced by the mothers and newborns, produced the following outcomes: All subjects perceived the experience as a negative one, 20 of the 26 subjects experienced a total of 72 complications, and four of the 26 newborns experienced complications requiring hospitalization in newborn intensive care units.
Anisotropy Measurements of Solvated HgI2 Dissociation: Transition State and Fragment Rotational Dynamics

Pump−probe anisotropy measurements of HgI2 photodissociation in ethanol were carried out. The reactive motion from electronically excited HgI2 toward HgI and I is clearly evident in the signal. The subsequent randomization of the HgI orientational distribution occurs in the biphasic manner typical for some other diatomic molecules, with a 500-fs component that has an inertial motion contribution and a slow (8−10-ps) diffusive component. Interpretations of these regions were assisted by molecular dynamics simulations, which also were used to show that the rotational energy relaxation would be very fast in this system. The magnitudes of the anisotropies at different pump wavelengths show that the near-UV absorption of HgI2 involves overlapping 1Σ+ → 1Σ- and 1Σ+ → 1Π transitions, consistent with magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) measurements. The anisotropy decay shows oscillations which are proposed to arise from oscillations in the volume and moment of inertia as the vibrational wavepacket moves in the anh...
Estimation of tree canopy leaf area index by gap fraction analysis

Abstract We estimated leaf area index (LAI) in a needle-leaved forest and a broad-leaved orchard using four instruments which measure fractional light penetration through the canopy. Gap fraction data were analyzed by a one-dimensional inversion model or by using the Beer-Lambert Law. Instrument and analytical technique both had a strong influence on calculated LAI. There was no consistent pattern of LAI results among instruments so no simple cross-calibration can be offered. Three of the four instruments accurately estimated orchard LAI when used with one or the other analytical technique. In addition to performance, practical considerations including cost, sampling, and data analysis were also compared among the instruments. Because the instruments do not provide consistently accurate LAI estimates, LAI should be independently corroborated before use in any particular situation. These instruments may be most useful for relative LAI comparisons in a specific canopy type when a single combination of instrument and analytical technique is employed.
A Role for a TIMP-3-Sensitive, Zn2+-Dependent Metalloprotease in Mammalian Gamete Membrane Fusion

Abstract During fertilization, sperm and egg plasma membranes adhere and then fuse by a mechanism that is not well understood. Zinc metalloproteases are necessary for some intercellular fusion events, for instance, cell–cell fusion in yeast. In this study we tested the effects of class-specific and family-specific protease inhibitors on mouse gamete fusion. Capacitated, acrosome-reacted sperm and zona-free eggs were used in assays designed to define the effects of inhibitors on sperm–egg plasma membrane binding or fusion. Inhibitors of the aspartic, cysteine, and serine protease classes had no effect on sperm–egg binding or fusion. Both a synthetic metalloprotease substrate (succinyl-Ala-Ala-Phe-amidomethylcoumarin) and the zinc chelator 1,10-phenanthroline inhibited sperm–egg fusion but did not decrease sperm–egg binding. The fusion-inhibition effect of phenanthroline was reversible and activity of the inhibitable zinc metalloprotease was shown to be required during a short time window, the first 15 min after insemination. Tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease-3 and Ro 31-9790, specific inhibitors of zinc metalloproteases in the matrixin and adamalysin families, also inhibited sperm–egg fusion but not sperm–egg binding. These data indicate a role in gamete fusion for one or more zinc metalloproteases of the matrixin and/or adamalysin families that act after plasma membrane binding and before sperm–egg membrane fusion.
Synthesis of 14C isotopic isomers of tenidap—A novel antiinflammatory agent

Two isotopic isomers of tenidap, a novel antiinflammatory agent, were prepared. Compound 6 (specific activity = 10.24 mCi/mmol), having 14 C in the indole ring, was prepared in three steps (52% overall yield) starting from 1H-[ 14 C]indole-2,3-dione. Compound 11 (specific activity = 57.16 mCi/mmol, radiochemical purity = 99.0%), with 14 C in the C-3 methylene, was prepared in two steps (66% overall yield) beginning with 2-thiophenecarboxylic-[14C-carbonyl] acid.
The effect of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on the copulatory behavior of hyperprolactinemic male rats

The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the deficits in copulatory behavior observed in hyperprolactinemic male rats may be related to a reduction in hypothalamic release of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). Adult male Fischer 344 rats were made hyperprolactinemic by ectopic pituitary grafts or were sham operated and 30 min prior to being tested for copulatory performance received a single subcutaneous injection of 500 ng LHRH, 100 ng LHRH, or saline. On different occasions, testosterone (T) levels were measured in plasma collected 30 min following identical treatments. Plasma prolactin (PRL) levels were determined in samples collected 30 min after injection of 500 ng LHRH. Pituitary grafting produced the expected, significant increase in plasma PRL levels and significant deficits in copulatory behavior. Treatment of hyperprolactinemic subjects with 500 ng LHRH significantly reduced both the time to first intromission and the time to ejaculation to times comparable with those of sham-operated subjects. The 100-ng dose produced a significant reduction in mount frequency. Plasma T levels were significantly elevated following either dose of LHRH. These results demonstrate that exogenous LHRH can restore normal copulatory performance in hyperprolactinemic male rats and support the hypothesis that a reduction in hypothalamic LHRH release is responsible for the behavioral deficits observed in those animals.
Dynamic Feasibility of Cooperative Systems under Communication Delay

In this article, the dynamic feasibility of a finite set of spatially distributed systems to engage in a formation is investigated. When system design capabilities such as state and input constraints are given, formation options may be limited, due to initial condition errors resulting from modelling uncertainties, exogenous inputs, etc. These underlying factors in turn affect the feasibility of interconnection, which are the design variables used to synthesize a formation. In a leader-follower framework, it is shown that, in some cases, the communication delay has a favourable effect on the feasibility of interconnections, i.e. a communication delay can convert an infeasible interconnection into a feasible one and increase the formation options. A mobile robot example is provided for illustration.
String structures and the index of the Dirac-Ramond operator on orbifolds

We discuss the relationship between “string structures” and the topological class λ∈H4(M,Z) on non-simply connected manifolds. We also investigate to what extent the index formula for the Dirac-Ramond operator detects the class, λ.
Evidence-Based Practices in North American MSW Curricula

This study examined the extent to which evidence-based practices (EBPs) are taught in North American Masters of Social Work (MSW) curricula. A web-based survey distributed through the National Association of Deans and Directors and a similar Canadian listserv facilitated exploration of which EBPs are taught, what faculty positions teach them, in what size programs, geographic areas, and other factors, as well as the barriers and implications of doing so. Fifty-eight program deans and directors responded to the survey. While the majority of programs reported teaching at least one EBP and developing EBP skill sets, challenges to curriculum integration were noted. Ideological, definitional, and practical concerns emerge as constraints to teaching EBPs, with MSW program leaders identifying faculty-related barriers as a primary constraining factor. This article presents the study and its implications for academic and practice settings.
THE i-CHORDS OF CYCLES AND PATHS

An i-chord of a cycle or path is an edge whose endpoints are a distance i ≥ 2 apart along the cycle or path. Motivated by many standard graph classes being describable by the existence of chords, we investigate what happens when i-chords are required for specific values of i. Results include the following: A graph is strongly chordal if and only if, for i ∈ {4,6}, every cycle C with |V (C)| ≥ i has an (i/2)-chord. A graph is a threshold graph if and only if, for i ∈ {4,5}, every path P with |V (P)| ≥ i has an (i−2)-chord.
Implications of bottom-quark cross section data at hadron collider energies.

In next-to-leading-order {ital O}({alpha}{sub {ital s}}{sup 3}) quantum chromodynamics, gluon-gluon interactions are the dominant mechanism for the production of bottom quarks at CERN and Fermilab hadron collider energies at values of momentum transfer currently accessible. There is a notable discrepancy between the data from the Collider Detector at Fermilab and existing {ital O}({alpha}{sub {ital s}}{sup 3}) theoretical calculations. Using these data, in conjunction with data from deep-inelastic lepton scattering, we show that it is possible to determine a new gluon density whose shape differs substantially from that derived from previous fits to data. Other implications of the data are discussed.
Performance of alcoholic and brain-damaged subjects on the Luria memory words test

Verbal memory was evaluated in groups of 36 community controls, 50 pseudoneurological controls, 50 alcoholics, and 50 brain-damaged patients. All participants were men between the ages of 22-61. Groups did not differ in age or educational levels (F < 1). Groups were compared on their performance on the Luria Memory Words Test. Dependent variables included the number of correct words over learning trials, the trial of best performance, and the number of words recalled at three delayed trials (2, 8, and 30 min after learning). Brain-damaged subjects were inferior to community controls on all measures. Pseudoneurological controls were inferior to community controls on delayed recall, but were equivalent on measures of learning. Alcoholics were inferior to controls on measures of learning but did not differ on measures of recall. Implications regarding the underlying deficit in alcoholics' verbal memory, the use and interpretation of the Luria Memory Words test, and the use of pseudoneurological patients as controls are discussed.
On the low-Reynolds-number entry flow into a circular cylindrical tube.

Abstract In the circulation system the blood vessels have many generations of branching or subdivision. Similarly in the lung the airway bifurcates as many as 23 generations. The flow of blood or air into each new branch is subjected to a change in the entry region. It is important to know how the transition to Poiseuille flow takes place. In this article the axisymmetric low-Reynolds-number entry flow in the inlet region of a circular cylindrical tube is studied on the basis of the Stokes' approximation. The purpose of this study is to find a theoretical solution of the entry flow at very low Reynolds numbers, for which no previous solution is known to the authors. The present solution shows that the entry length at low Reynolds number is simply of the order of the tube radius. For microcirculation (in blood vessels with diameters smaller than 100 μ) the Reynolds number is of the order of 1 or smaller, and the low-Reynolds number approximation is valid. Similarly, for air flow in the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts and sacs of the lung the Mach number is essentially zero and the Reynolds number lies in the range 1–10−2 and the present analysis is also applicable.
Compositional control of magnetic anisotropy in the Thomson formation, east-central Minnesota☆

Abstract Anisotropy of magnetic low-field susceptibility (AMS) and anisotropy of anhysteretic susceptibility (AAS) of the middle Precambrian Thomson formation, east-central Minnesota, generally record structural features, but orientations and axial ratios of the susceptibility ellipsoids depend on local magnetic mineralogy. The northern structural zone of the Thomson formation is characterized by an upright, east-west slaty cleavage. The susceptibility ellipsoids plot in the flattening field of a Flinn diagram, with minimum axes normal to the cleavage. AAS ellipsoids are coaxial with AMS ellipsoids, but are generally more prolate. Anisotropy increases with mean susceptibility at one outcrop, interpreted as mixing of weakly anisotropic, paramagnetic chlorite with more strongly anisotropic magnetite. A second outcrop shows the opposite pattern: anisotropy decreases with increasing mean susceptibility, suggesting that here the magnetite may be relatively isotropic, or possibly post-deformational. The southern structural zone of the Thomson formation is characterized by a subhorizontal foliation (S 1 ) and an upright crenulation cleavage (S 2 ). Here, the magnetic susceptibility minima are coincident with poles to S 1 , and maxima are parallel to the S 1 S 2 intersection. Correlation between directional susceptibilities and mean susceptibility (technique of Henry and Daly, 1983) suggests that paramagnetic minima are poles to the early foliation, while (possibly interdeformational) magnetite minima record the second deformation. This interpretation, however, is not supported by the AAS fabric, by thin section observations, or by high-field measurements of paramagnetic susceptibility. Alternatively, both directional and mean susceptibilities may be controlled by syndeformational chlorite.
Minimal Free Resolutions of Complete Bipartite Graph Ideals

This paper gives an explicit construction for the minimal free resolution of a complete bipartite graph ideal. This yields a combinatorial formula for the Betti numbers and projective dimension of complete bipartite graph ideals.
In vitro induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis by genotoxic carcinogens in the hepatocytes of the oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau).

The possibility that the measurement of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) can be used to investigate the genotoxic effects of mutagenic carcinogens in a marine fish was examined. Primary cultures of hepatocytes from the oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau) were exposed to two direct-acting and two activation-dependent genotoxic carcinogens and incorporation of3H-thymidine (3HT) by the nuclei of non-replicating cells was assessed autoradiographically. 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) induced significant increases in silver grains/nucleus at 10−9M, 10−6M and 10−5M concentrations. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) induced significant UDS at 10−2M and 10−1M concentrations. Benzo(a)pyrene (BAP) induced significant UDS at 10−6, 10−5M and 10−4M concentrations. 2-Aminoanthracene (2AA) induced significant UDS only at the 10−5M concentration. The results suggest that toadfish hepatocytes exhibit a generally lower and a more variable response than do rat hepatocytes in similar assays. If the potency of a chemical in the UDS assay is inversely related to the concentration at which the maximum UDS response for a chemical is obtained, the potency ranking for the chemicals tested in toadfish hepatocytes was BAP > 4NQ0=2AA > EMS. The relative potencies of the direct acting test chemicals were the same as reported for rat hepatocytes, whereas the relative potency of the activation-dependent test chemicals (BAP and 2AA) were different than reported for the rat. The results suggest that the activation of BAP and 2AA are different in intact toadfish and rat hepatocytes. The possible applications of UDS assay procedures in aquatic toxicology are discussed.
INVOLVEMENT OF CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS IN THE MECHANISMS OF ORGANOPHOSPHORUS ESTER‐INDUCED DELAYED NEUROTOXICITY

SUMMARY 1. Organophosphorus ester-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of swellings in the distal parts of large axons in the central and peripheral nervous systems with subsequent axonal degeneration and paralysis. 2. An early change in OPIDN is enhanced activity and autophosphorylation of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II. 3. In OPIDN, there is also a dose- and time-dependent increase in Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase mediated phosphorylation of the cytoskeletal proteins, α- and β-tubulin, microtubule associated protein-2, neurofilament triplet proteins and myelin basic protein. 4. Anomalous hyperphosphorylation of neurofilaments decreases their transport rate down the axon relative to their rate of entry resulting in their accumulation. 5. Consistent with the neurochemical results is the presence of anomalous aggregations of phosphorylated neurofilaments in early stages of OPIDN. 6. These findings suggest that aberrant hyperphosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins is a post-translational modification involved in the pathogenesis of OPIDN.
Evaluating children’s location using a personal GPS logging instrument: limitations and lessons learned

Global positioning system (GPS) technology is increasingly used to assess geographically varying exposure in population studies. However, there has been limited evaluation of accuracy and completeness of personal GPS data. The ability of a GPS data logger to assess location of children during usual activity was evaluated. Data collected for 4 days from 17 children wearing GPS loggers, recorded every 15 s, were evaluated for completeness by time of day during weekend and weekdays, and for accuracy during nighttime at home. Percentage of possible GPS-recorded points and of 5-min intervals with at least one recorded location were examined. Mean percentage of total possible 15-s interval locations recorded daily was less than 30%. Across participants, the GPS loggers recorded 1-47% of total possible location points on weekends and 1-55% on weekdays. More complete data were measured during travel to school (average 91%). The percentage of daily 5-min intervals with recorded data was as high as 53%. At least one location was recorded during 69% of 5-min intervals before school (0630-0800 h), 62% during school (0800-1400 h) and 56% after school (1400-1700 h). During night time (0000-0600 h), on average, location was recorded for less than 25% of 5-min intervals and accuracy was poor. The large proportion of missing data limits the usefulness of GPS logging instruments for population studies. They have potential utility for assessing on-road travel time and route. GPS technology has limitations, and lessons learned from this evaluation can be generalized to the use of GPS in other research settings.Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology advance online publication, 3 April 2013; doi:10.1038/jes.2013.11. Language: en
Pattern transfer distortions in IPL and EPL masks with pattern density gradients

Stringent error budgets for Next Generation Lithography masks require accurate pattern placement. Therefore, predictions of distortions induced during mask fabrication and usage are needed to optimize processing and exposure conditions. This paper focuses on the in-plane distortions resulting from pattern transfer during the fabrication of ion-beam projection lithography and electron-beam projection lithography stencil masks.
Nonlinear control of nonsquare multivariable systems

This paper is concerned with the synthesis of a nonlinear state feedback law for nonsquare multivariable nonlinear systems. Previous approaches in the literature have solved this problem by (1) squaring the system by discarding some inputs or by adding new outputs, or (2) by utilizing some inputs for input/output (I/O) linearization and the remaining inputs for minimizing cost. In this paper, a nonlinear feedback law is synthesized which utilizes all the available inputs to I/O linearize the system and minimize the cost of the control effort by solving a convex optimization problem on-line. This procedure is illustrated via simulation of a regulation problem in a nonlinear continuous stirred tank reactor with three inputs and two outputs.
Lengths of Tors Determined by Killing Powers of Ideals in a Local Ring

Given a local ring R and n ideals whose sum is primary to the maximal ideal of R, one may define a function which takes an n-tuple of exponents (a1,…,an) to the length of Tork(R/I1,…,R/In). These functions are shown to have rational generating functions in certain cases.
Stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of tetramethylene disulfotetramine in food: Method development and comparison to solid-phase microextraction.

Abstract A stir bar sorptive extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (SBSE–GC–MS) method for the determination of tetramethylene disulfotetramine is presented. The limits of detection (LOD) of the optimized method was 0.2 ng g −1 for extractions from water and 0.3–2.1 ng g −1 for extractions from foods. Recovery was highly matrix dependent (36–130%) and quantification required standard addition calibrations. Standard addition calibration lines had high linearity ( R 2 > 0.97) and replicate extractions had good reproducibility (R.S.D. = 4.4–9.8%). A comparison of the SBSE method and a previously developed headspace (HS)-solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method was performed. Generally, SBSE provided higher sensitivity with decreased analysis time.
ESI- and MALDI-MS Analysis of Cyclohexanone Monooxygenase from Acinetobacter NCIB 9871

Recombinant and native forms of cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CMO) from Acinetobacter NCIB 9871 were analyzed by mass spectrometry to probe ambiguities arising from the presence of multiple DNA sequences for the enzyme in GenBank. A CMO gene corresponding exactly to the nucleotide sequence described by Iwaki et al. (10) was amplified from genomic DNA, cloned into pET15b, and the recombinant protein purified from a bacterial expression system. Electrospray mass spectrometry of both the recombinant material and the native form of CMO isolated from Acinetobacter yielded molecular weights within 0.01% of those predicted from the translated gene sequence of Iwaki et al. (10). Trypsin and chymotrypsin digests of native CMO, analyzed by electrospray and MALDI mass spectrometry, provided greater than 97% coverage of the protein and confirmed the presence of specific peptide sequences predicted by the Iwaki sequence alone. Therefore, the primary sequence of native Acinetobacter CMO is identical to the gene sequence for chnB deposited under accession number AB006902.
Inferring user expertise for adaptive interfaces

A technique based on two heuristic rules for inferring expertise is demonstrated by inferring user expertise in word-processing tasks. The heuristic rules were translated into practice by examining command frequencies and requests for on-line help from the 12 participants in the study who were engaged in personal word-processing tasks. These variables were found to be related to word-processing expertise. A scoring rule derived from these variables ranged from 71% to 87% correct in predicting the expertise of the user. The application of this technique to adaptive interfaces that incorporate estimates of user expertise is discussed.
Allowable Closed Surface Evaluations From Topological Quantum Field Theory

Every 2D TQFT evaluates closed 2D surfaces to an element of the base field. These evaluations appear as a fundamental part of the skein relations induced by the TQFT, dating back to Bar-Natan. We definitively classify what sets of closed surface evaluations may arise from a 2D TQFT. Our answer reveals a deep relationship between achievable evaluations and the theory of symmetric polynomials. We then apply our results to precisely determine which 2D TQFTs have an associated Frobenius algebra that may be realized as the algebra of all surfaces with boundary S1, modulo surfaces that are "evaluated similarly" by the TQFT.
The effects of salinity, hypophysectomy and hormone administration on gill RNA metabolism of the euryhaline teleost, Fundulus kansae

Abstract 1. 1. The specific activity (32P incorporation) of the gill ribosomal RNA and soluble RNA fractions was decreased in both one third and full strength sea-water adapted animals compared to those held in fresh water. 2. 2. Hypophysectomy of sea-water adapted fish increased the specific activity of the soluble tissue nucleotide fraction; hypophysectomy may have altered the ratio of incorporation of 3H-uridine and 14C cytosine into r-RNA. 3. 3. ACTH lowered the specific activity of the soluble tissue nueleotide pool in hypophysectomized, sea-water adapted fish; ACTH altered the U C ratio of the r-RNA. 4. 4. Prolactin injections caused little change in the U C ratio in hypophysectomized, sea-water adapted fish, but probably did cause a decrease in RNA specific activity. 5. 5. It is suggested that the lack of conclusive influences of ACTH and prolactin on gill RNA metabolism indicates that exogenous factors, such as ion balances and ratios, may play a key role in RNA changes associated with osmoregulation.
Organotellurium Compounds 5. A Convenient Synthesis of Some Aliphatic Ditellurides

Abstract Although diethyl dielluide was first obtained about 130 years ago,1 the aliphatic ditelluides have been relatively little studied. This is party due to the extremely repulsive odors of the lowest members of the series, but also to the fact that the known methods of synthesis are not practical for the preparation of large amounts of pure materials.2 Fo example, din-butyl ditelluride (1), the first well characterized dialky 1 dielluride, was obtained from Na2Te2 and n-butyl bromide in only 23% yeild after fractional distillation from the corresponding monotellurie.3.
Development of nano-based resonator gas sensors for wireless sensing systems

This paper reviews the development of microwave carbon nanotube resonator sensors for gas sensing applications. The carbon nanotube sensor is a passive circuit that does not rely on battery for operation. Our experimental results demonstrate that the microwave carbon nanotube resonator sensor achieve a sensitivity of 8000 and 4000 Hz/ppm at 20 and 100 ppm respectively. This sensor platform has great potential for wireless sensing network applications.
Continuing Education in Pediatric Dermatology: The Role of Pediatric and Dermatologic Journals

Abstract To summarize the quantity, quality, and subject matter of articles pertaining to pediatric dermatology in current pediatric and dermatologic journals, 2,010 articles published in 1981 in 9 clinical journals were reviewed. Of articles in the pediatric journals, 4% had a primary dermatologic focus, and another 6% had a secondary dermatologic focus. Of the clinical articles in the dermatologic journals, 15% concerned only pediatric patients, and an additional 18% involved both pediatric and adult patients. The great majority of pediatric (65%) and dermatologic (83%) articles concerning pediatric dermatology were case reports, with lesser proportions of research reports and review articles. There was a relative scarcity of prospective clinical studies describing either the natural course of pediatric skin diseases or the effects of various therapies upon these diseases. Frequent topics of articles in both types of specialty journals included cutaneous manifestations of systemic disease, hereditary skin disorders, and bacterial skin infections. It is hoped that interest in this important field will promote mutually beneficial collaboration between pediatricians and dermatologists in the areas of patient care and clinical research.
Fluorescent fibre-optic immunosensing system based on complement lysis of liposome containing carboxyfluorescein.

Abstract A novel type of fibre-optic immunosensing system has been developed. Agar gel-immobilized liposomes containing carboxyfluorescein were attached to the top of an optical fibre. Complement-mediated immunolysis of the liposome was fluorometrically detected through the fibre. By using dinitrophenyl (DNP) hapten-loaded liposomes, concentrations as low as 500-fold diluted anti-DNP antibody and 0·76 CH 50 ml −1 of complement were detected.
Distribution, Dilution, and Elimination of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Analogs in Growing Swine

Growing swine were given 15 mg/kg po of purified polychlorinated biphenyl analogs and a commercial mixture. Backfat biopsies for 16–18 weeks exhibited two-compartment elimination kinetics when based on concentration. Total body fat was estimated from potassium-40 abundance, and the calculated total fat load indicated that most of the decline in residue concentrations was due to dilution by growth and expansion of the fat compartment. Redistribution in the fat was apparent for various analogs at different times, and tissue distribution varied significantly among analogs.
Neuroprotection by PGE2 receptor EP1 inhibition involves the PTEN/AKT pathway.

Abstract The prostanoid synthesizing enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved in the mechanisms of cerebral ischemia, an effect mediated by prostaglandin E2 through activation of EP1 receptors. Thus, inhibition of EP1 receptors is neuroprotective in models of ischemic stroke, but the molecular mechanisms of the effect have not been fully elucidated. We used oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) in hippocampal slices as an injury model to investigate whether the neuroprotection afforded by EP1 receptor inhibition involves the PI3K/AKT survival pathway. EP1 receptor inhibition with SC51089 or SC51322 reduced the hippocampal damage produced by ODG by 28 ± 2% and 32 ± 3%, respectively (p
PREDICTION POWER OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR TUMOR GROWTH

We compared the Gompertz model, the generalized Gompertz model, the Piantadosi model, the autostimulation model and the polynomials for the power to predict growth of multicellular tumor spheroids as paradigms of the prevascular phase of tumor growth. For the comparison of models we developed a criterion that established the Gompertz model as the model with the best prediction power. The prediction power of the remaining models was ranked in declining order: the generalized Gompertz model; the mutually indistinguishable Piantadosi model and the autostimulation model; and the polynomials. The ranking of models was not affected by the applied minimization criteria of weighted least squares, unweighted least squares and fitting to logarithmically transformed data, but the prediction power was affected by these criteria. The best predictions were obtained by weighted least squares, closely followed by fitting to logarithmically transformed data. The unweighted least-squares minimization was much less applicable for prediction (and description) of growth.
The 2008 Spring Midwest Floods: A Signal of Changing Climatic Conditions?

Intense precipitation fell across the American Midwest almost continuously for a three-week period between the last week in May and the middle of June 2008 on already-saturated soils. These circumstances contributed to widespread flooding across five states and two river basins. Most extreme rains fell and flooding occurred across Iowa, southern Wisconsin, and southern Indiana, encompassing various tributaries of the Upper Mississippi and Wabash River Basins. We examine historical records of river discharge rates and stage levels at 16 gauging stations in these areas to assess the severity and impact of flooding on local river systems and place the event in historical perspective. Discharge rates were higher than expected in May, peaking in June when magnitudes often reached record levels; estimated return periods for June often exceeded between 100 and 200 years on rivers across Iowa, southern Wisconsin, and southern Indiana. Daily flood stage levels were exceeded, often for extended periods of time, dur...
Wiedemann-Franz law analysis near a pair-breaking quantum phase transition in superconducting nanowires

Abstract Motivated by the recent progress in fabricating uniform and amorphous superconducting nanowires with diameter smaller than the coherence length, we theoretically study the transport behavior of such wires in the vicinity of a pair-breaking quantum phase transition. Such a realization of a superconductor quantum critical point is amenable to theoretical as well as experimental analysis. We construct a comprehensive theory in the entire neighborhood by combining the strengths of microscopic and effective approaches and analyze the Wiedemann–Franz law by using the effective quantum critical theory.
Immediate temporal association of psychotic symptoms

Abstract This study undertook clinical observations of patients recently admitted to the psychiatric unit of a university general hospital to determine the concurrence of psychotic symptoms at a single point in time. The psychotic symptoms themselves were studied as abnormalities instead of as diagnostic entities. The findings show that shortly after admission, presentation of a single psychotic symptom is a common occurrence, irrespective of diagnosis.
Effects of pinna position on head-related transfer functions in the cat.

To measure the effects of the pinna position on spectral sound localization cues, the head‐related transfer function (HRTF) from the free‐field to a point in the ear canal was measured for anesthetized cats with their pinnae in three positions: the relaxed, anesthetized position; pulled forward into an approximation of the ‘‘alert cat’’ posture; and pulled back. The general features of HRTFs are not changed by moving the pinna, although the mapping of particular HRTF features onto directions in space is changed. As an approximation, the pinna behaves like a fixed‐shape sound collector, so that HRTFs shift with the pinna when it moves; however, pinna movement changes some quantitative details of HRTFs beyond what is predicted by this approximation. When viewed as directional gain, pinna movements serve to optimize listening conditions. However, when considering sound localization, pinna movements lead to ambiguities regarding source location. If pinna position is not incorporated into the computation, and spectral cues alone are used for localization, the ambiguity is about 60° in azimuth and 30° in elevation. Pinna movements produce similar azimuthal ambiguity in interaural level differences. Interaural time difference cues could be used to reduce the ambiguity in azimuth, but a knowledge of pinna position seems to be necessary to resolve ambiguities in elevation.