cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Histologic evaluation of vitreous carbon endosteal implants in dogs.

A 6-month histologic study of vitreous carbon dental implants in dogs, without occlusion, has demonstrated that vitreous carbon is well tolerated by oral tissues in both permucosal and subgingival applications. Gingival tissues heal routinely and show the same degrees of irritation adjacent to the implant as tissues adjacent to natural teeth. Alveolar bone forms within grooves in the implant surface, providing mechanical retention, and both hard and soft tissues grow into the texture in the implant surface. The resulting interlocking between tissues and the implant appears to function effectively as a bacterial seal. The newly formed bone within the implant grooves appears to become more dense with time, resulting in a layer of dense bone surrounding the implant. No foreign body responses and no inflammation were observed in tissues adjacent to this implant material, and no degradation of the vitreous carbon implants was detected. A subsequent study of the implant under occlusion in dogs is also being con...
A FURTHER EXAMINATION OF THE BIZARRE IMAGERY MNEMONIC: ITS EFFECTIVENESS WITH MIXED CONTEXT AND DELAYED TESTING '

Szrmmary.-To assess further the effectiveness of bizarre imagery, undcrgrnduates were exposed to a variety of paired-associate, stimulus contexts (unmixed normal, unmixed bizarre, and mixed) and then were tested at one of three retention intervals (0, 3, or 5 days). Consistent with our earlier findings, elements within the mixed context were recalled the best at both the 0- and 3-day intervals. Interestingly, the unmixed bizarre items improved performance as much as mixed ones when testing occurred at 5 days, suggesting that bizarre-only elements needed sufficient time to develop their distinctive memory traces. Our studies have yielded two interesting find~n~s. (a) Bizarre images assisted paired-associate recall more than normal types under fairly lengthy delays of several weeks (Iaccmo & Spirek, 19881, and (b) stimulus contexts containing both normal and brzarre elements in contrast to unmixed contexts had a fachtative effect on immediate recd of the same items (Iaccino & Sowa, 1989). The present experiment was designed to compare further the three types of stimulus contexts (unmixed normal, unmixed bizarre, and mixed) under retention intervals of 0, 3, and 5 days to judge whether unmixed bizarre images were as effective a mnemonic aid as images embedded with more normal types, especially with delayed testing. Forty-five undergraduate men and women who received adhtional credit points in their introduction to psychology and sociology classes participated voluntarily; 15 were randomly assigned to each of the retention intervals. All subjects were exposed to the various contexts, with 26 high-imagery, paired-associate items being included in an interactive sentence format within each of the three lists. Examples for the unmixed normal list included "the BURGLAR found a NECKLACE" and "a FROG is on top of the BARREL," for the unmixed bizarre list "the MINISTER ate the BIBLE during services" and "a CLOCK is drinking the WINE," and for the mixed list combinations of the previous sentences with 13 normal and 13 bizarre interactions. Lafayette Company's "Old Reliable" Memory (Model No. 23010) presented these materials at a forced-pace of 4-sec. intervals, which allowed subjects sufficient time to form their images. Upon recall (at 0, 3, or
Tobramycin: an overview.

In spite of enormous progress in the chemotherapy of infectious diseases, major problems remain. Among these problems are the increase in gramnegative aerobic infections in hospitalized patients and the development of R-factor-mediated resistance to many of the antibiotics currently available. The introduction of gentamicin into the chemotherapeutic armamentarium in 1963 was a major advance. Nonetheless, bacterial resistance and certain aspects of the pharmacology and toxicology of all of the aminoglycosides made definite a need for research into the development of other agents in this class. Molecular modifications of the known structures have been sought, as has been the discovery of natural compounds with either a different antimicrobial spectrum or a decreased level of toxicity. Tobramycin, one of the newest aminoglycoside agents, is the subject of this review. Much of the material presented herein will be concerned with a comparison of tobramycin and other aminoglycosides, since only in this context can one determine the proper role for this agent. Tobramycin is 0-[3-amino-3-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranosyl- ( 1-4) ]-0-[2,6-diamino-2,3,6-trideoxy
BODY SIZE AND HAREM SIZE IN MALE RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS: MANIPULATING SELECTION WITH SEX-SPECIFIC FEEDERS

We experimentally manipulated the strength of selection in the field on red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus) to test hypotheses about contrasting selective forces that favor either large or small males in sexually size dimorphic birds. Selander (1972) argued that sexual selection favors larger males, while survival selection eventually stabilizes male size because larger males do not survive as well as smaller males during harsh winters. Searcy (1979a) proposed instead that sexual selection may be self limiting: male size might be stabilized not by over- winter mortality, but by breeding-season sexual selection that favors smaller males. Under conditions of energetic stress, smaller males should be able to display more and thus achieve higher reproductive success. Using feeders that provisioned males or females but not both, we produced conditions that mimicked the extremes of natural conditions. We found experimental support for the hypothesis that when food is abundant, sexual selection favors larger males. But even under conditions of severe energetic stress, smaller males did not gain larger harems, as the self-limiting hypothesis predicted. Larger males were more energetically stressed than smaller males, but in ways that affected their future reproductive output rather than their current reproductive performance. Stressed males that returned had smaller wings and tails than those that did not return; among returning stressed males, relative harem sizes were inversely related to wing and tail length. Thus, male body size may be stabilized not by survival costs during the non-breeding season, nor by energetic costs during the breeding season, but by costs of future reproduction that larger males pay for their increased breeding-season effort.
Geochemical Analysis of the Hittite‐Period Pottery from Tarsus‐Gözlükule, Turkey

Neutron activation analysis was conducted on Late Bronze IIA pottery from Tarsus-Gozlukule and compared with archival data from contemporary sites in Cilicia and Cyprus. The results provide a model for the organization of pottery production at Tarsus-Gozlukule when the settlement was under the rule of the Hittite Empire. It is proposed that multiple contemporary pottery workshops provided the community of Tarsus-Gozlukule with both Hittite-style pottery and other wares. It is further suggested that these workshops may have differed in the extent to which they were attached to the imperial administration.
Efficient non-linear feature adaptation using Maxout networks

In this paper we present a simple and effective method for doing non-linear feature adaptation using Maxout networks. The technique overcomes the need to sample the partition function during training, and overcomes the need to compute the Jacobian term and its gradient for each training case. Results on the Switchboard 1 task demonstrate that the approach can improve a state-of-the-art hybrid ASR system that utilizes i-vectors.
Epitaxial-strain-induced polar-to-nonpolar transitions in layered oxides

Epitaxial strain is known to induce and enhance ferroelectricity in thin films of complex oxides. It is now shown that a polar-to-nonpolar transition might also occur.
Bevacizumab induced hypertension in gynecologic cancer: Does it resolve after completion of therapy?

Hypertension (HTN) induced by bevacizumab is a side effect that is often thought to resolve after treatment. However, there are currently no reports on rates of resolution. We assess the incidence and timing of the resolution of bevacizumab induced HTN. We evaluated all patients treated with bevacizumab for gynecologic malignancies at a single institution from 2012 through 2014. HTN was retrospectively diagnosed and staged by CTCAE v4.0 criteria. Resolution of HTN was defined as ≥ 2 values return to baseline blood pressure and/or discontinuation/decrease of blood pressure medications. We identified 104 patients; 35 were excluded due to receiving bevacizumab at time of analysis. Grade 2 or higher induced HTN was identified in 34/69 (49.3%) patients, of which 26/69 (37.7%) had grade 2 HTN and 8/69 (11.6%) had grade 3/4 HTN. Onset of HTN occurred at a median of 67 (14–791) days. Resolution of HTN occurred in 28/34 (82.4%) patients with a median time to resolution of 87 (3–236) days. BMI, history of HTN, blood pressure medications, prior bevacizumab treatment, number of bevacizumab cycles, CA-125 and albumin at initiation of treatment were not independent risk factors associated with developing HTN in multivariate analysis. Median PFS for those with HTN was 12.5 (1.9–45.8) months vs 11.0 (2.1–44.7) for those without (p = 0.17). Hypertension induced by bevacizumab resolved in 82% of patients in a median of 87 days. There were no identifiable risk factors associated with induced HTN and HTN was not a biomarker for improved prognosis in our cohort.
RabbitQR: fast and flexible big data processing at LSST data rates using existing, shared-use hardware

Processing astronomical data to science readiness was and remains a challenge, in particular in the case of multi detector instruments such as wide-field imagers. One such instrument, the WIYN One Degree Imager, is available to the astronomical community at large, and, in order to be scientifically useful to its varied user community on a short timescale, provides its users fully calibrated data in addition to the underlying raw data. However, time-efficient re-processing of the often large datasets with improved calibration data and/or software requires more than just a large number of CPU-cores and disk space. This is particularly relevant if all computing resources are general purpose and shared with a large number of users in a typical university setup. Our approach to address this challenge is a flexible framework, combining the best of both high performance (large number of nodes, internal communication) and high throughput (flexible/variable number of nodes, no dedicated hardware) computing. Based on the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol, we a developed a Server-Manager- Worker framework. In addition to the server directing the work flow and the worker executing the actual work, the manager maintains a list of available worker, adds and/or removes individual workers from the worker pool, and re-assigns worker to different tasks. This provides the flexibility of optimizing the worker pool to the current task and workload, improves load balancing, and makes the most efficient use of the available resources. We present performance benchmarks and scaling tests, showing that, today and using existing, commodity shared- use hardware we can process data with data throughputs (including data reduction and calibration) approaching that expected in the early 2020s for future observatories such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope.
The impact of a perceptual and adaptive learning module on transoesophageal echocardiography interpretation by anaesthesiology residents

Abstract Background The role of transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) in anaesthetic practice is expanding. We evaluated the effect of a TOE perceptual and adaptive learning module (PALM) on first-yr anaesthesiology residents’ performance, in diagnosing cardiac pathology by TOE. Methods First-yr residents were assigned to a group (n = 12) that used a TOE PALM or a control group that did not (n = 12). Both groups received a TOE pretest that measured their accuracy and response times. The PALM group completed the PALM and a posttest within 30 min and a delayed test six months later. The control group received a delayed test six months after their pretest. Accuracy and fluency (accurate responses within 10 s) were measured. Results The PALM group had statistically significant improvements for both accuracy and fluency (P Conclusions In this pilot study, exposure to a PALM significantly improved accuracy and fluency in diagnosing TOE cardiac pathology, in a group of first-year anaesthesiology residents. PALMs can significantly improve learning and pattern recognition in medical education.
Fabrication and optical measurements of nanoscale meta-materials: terahertz and beyond

This paper reports on efforts to create fully left-handed meta-materials at multi-THz frequencies, detailed optical characterizations of various structures fabricated, and understanding to date of what the materials limitations are for making these structures smaller and smaller. Presently, authors are using CXRO's nano-writer to create sub-micron structures with 60 nm smallest features. Present results on these and other nano-fabricated structures with resonance frequencies in the 100 THz and higher range.
Mapping subcortical connectivity related to cortical gamma and theta oscillations

An open problem in signal processing and bioimaging involves the development of techniques to localize the circuits that subserve neural oscillations in the living human brain. This is an important challenge for basic and translational neuroscience since frequency-specific rhythms are hypothesized to code for sensorimotor and cognitive processes and aberrations in these rhythms develop as early markers of pathology in disorders such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. Methods to reconstruct the subcortical white matter networks related to different frequency bands have been limited by the dual challenges of recording electrical activity directly from human cortex with high spatial resolution and the inability, until a decade ago, to map white matter connectivity in vivo. In the present study, a multi-modal fusion of electrocorticography (ECoG) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography data collected from 9 neurosurgical patients performing a working memory task known to elicit robust distributed cortical gamma and theta oscillations is presented. A similarity analysis of connectivity underlying 629 intracranial electrodes revealed distinct patterns of white matter terminating near cortex that exhibited gamma, theta, and conjoint gamma and theta oscillatory power. Future applications of this method for parcellating neural circuitry in normal and pathological states are discussed.
Exploring Folate-Small Molecule Interactions in Bacterial Cells

Folate (Vitamin B9) is involved in one carbon transfer reactions required for the synthesis of DNA and amino acids. Our current understanding of the folate pathway is mostly based on in vitro studies, which are very different from the crowded environment in the cell. E. coli produces osmoprotectants during times of osmotic stress. This leads to perturbation of water activity inside the cell, and an increase in macromolecular crowding. We have shown earlier that, in vitro, osmolytes weaken the binding of dihydrofolate to dihydrofolate reductase in the folate pathway. We hypothesize that an increased osmolyte concentration in the cell will also prevent the functioning of other folate pathway enzymes by interaction of osmolytes with the various folate redox states. In this study, we studied the effect of osmotic stress on the folate synthesizing and metabolizing enzymes such as dihydropteroate synthase (folP), dihydrofolate reductase (folA), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (metF) and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (glyA) in vivo. Studies were done with knockout and rescued strains. Protein expression in rescued strains was limited to very low levels using a Ptet promoter and a protein degradation tag. We can titrate the enzyme activity in the rescued strains by osmotic stress. Osmotic stress studies have indicated that the rescued strain was unable to grow in higher osmolality conditions when compared to knockout strains. We predict this is due to an increase in osmolyte concentration in vivo which leads to interaction of osmolytes with folate intermediates in the pathway. This is turn decreases the efficiency of the folate pathway enzyme. Finally, we have varied the predominant osmolyte in the cell from trehalose to glycine betaine to study if our model holds for these different conditions.
Hit Gyülekezete: A Sectarian State Megachurch in Hungary

In this Field Notes contribution, I report on one of the largest Pentecostal church networks in Central Europe. Led by charismatic pastor Sandor Nemeth, Faith Church reflects trends in the globalization of Pentecostalism and the regional experience of post-Communist countries. Faith Church (Hit Gyulekezete) embraces three distinctive theologies running through contemporary evangelicalism: the charismatic gifts associated with the Toronto Blessing; the prosperity gospel of the Word of Faith movement; and philo-Semitic Christian Zionism. The evening service I attended in Budapest was structured so as to affirm these three themes.
Caregiver Perceptions of a Telehealth Wellness Program.

OBJECTIVE We sought to understand caregivers' experience of an education-based wellness program delivered using telehealth. METHOD In this qualitative pilot study, 4 caregivers participated in a focus group after completing a 6-wk telehealth program. Data analysis involved open coding, thematic analysis, and coding triangulation. RESULTS Two major themes emerged. The first, "I feel like I am now prepared," included the subthemes of strategies for caregiver self-maintenance, the understanding that caregiving is a normal process, and the value of a group experience. The second theme, "It was just a good interaction," included the subthemes of benefits of telehealth, challenges of telehealth, and process of learning the technology. CONCLUSION Participant discussion of the content learned and the value of group support indicated that telehealth was effective in both promoting learning and facilitating relationships. Even with challenges, participants reported an overall positive experience. Telehealth holds promise for increasing access to health promotion programs.
Systemic Perspectivism: A New Basis for Evaluative Research

-Evaluative research has not kept pace with developments in the theory of social planning and the philosophy of science. If evaluation is to contribute to social planning, evaluators must recognize that planning is a political process. The method of systemic perspectivism may be able to provide a means of combining the virtues of general systems theory with a perspectivistic view of objectivity, allowing for a transactive planning which involves the public. My purpose here is to describe what I consider to be the major problem facing evaluative research and to indicate one direction by which we might develop a methodology capable of providing a reasonable solution. The problem has to do with the place of evaluation in the planning process. Social planning as we have known it has tended toward one of two extremes; either the process has been characterized by a rather chaotic eclecticism influenced by all sorts of questionable motives, or it has followed a highly centralized, "social engineering" approach. The former is clearly inappropriate, but the latter is itself a matter of increasing social debate. What we need now is a new vision of social planning and a methodology of evaluation which augments it. Social engineering was developed In a time of rapidly centralizing institutions which maintained a reality hegemony. These institutions dominated planning because they had stepped into a near vacuum with clear goals, a confidence born of faith in the application of technology, and a sense of their own power. Today it is different. Our goals are now matters of political negotiation. We have begun to realize that purely technological solutions may sometimes pose serious moral dilemmas. And some of the old arrogance of power is gone. Still, as long as the evaluator remains a technician who does the bidding of the politician and the professional planner, we are not likely to see genuinely sophisticated evaluative research or to witness the day when it becomes a truly integral part of planning. It is therefore necessary that the evaluator look beyond his traditionally narrow province and concern himself with the larger issues of planning and even with the philosophy of
Higher order string effects and the properties of the Pomeron

We revisit the description of the Pomeron within the effective string theory of QCD. Using a string duality relation, we show how the static potential maps onto the high-energy scattering amplitude that exhibits the Pomeron behavior. Besides the Pomeron intercept and slope, new additional terms stemming from the higher order string corrections are shown to affect both the growth of the nucleon’s size at high energies and its profile in impact parameter space. The stringy description also allows for an odderon that only disappears in critical dimension. Some of the Pomeron’s features that emerge within the effective string description can be studied at the future EIC collider.
Simulation for Predicting Effectiveness and Safety of New Cardiovascular Drugs in Routine Care Populations

In the presence of heterogeneity of treatment effect (HTE), the average treatment effect from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) may not be applicable to different patients, such as those in observational settings. Our objective was to develop a novel approach that uses individual-level simulation to expand RCT results to target patient populations in the presence of HTE. For this purpose, we compared the results of the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) trial, and two observational studies that compared benefits and risks of dabigatran to warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. We developed a simulation model that replicates the rates of ischemic stroke and major bleeding observed in RE-LY using published outcome risk models and participants' baseline characteristics. We used our validated simulation model to predict what the results of the RCT would have been had it been conducted in populations similar to those in the observational studies.
White-Tailed Deer Habitat and Winter Diets in the Black Hills, South Dakota

The purpose of this study was to determine available plant production, gain a better understanding of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus ) diets from rumen contents and to determine the relationship between availability of plants and diets during winter months. This study was conducted in the Black Hills of South Dakota in two areas, Experimental Forest and McVey Burn. Available plant production was collected on the McVey burn during 1972-1973 and one year in the Experimental Forest in 1981, on 14 m2 / ha basal area, representative of Forest Management. Microhistological analysis of white tailed deer rumens was used to identify and quantify diets by plant species and life forms. Deer diets on the Experimental Forest consisted of 63 percent shrubs, 22 percent graminoids and 6 percent forbs. Diets of deer on the McVey Burn were similar with 59 percent shrubs, 14 percent graminoids, and 12 percent forbs. For both study areas, five common species comprised the greatest portion of deer diets. Key forage species were prairie sagewort (Artemisia frigida ), willow (Salix species ), kinnikinnick (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi ), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa ), and bluegrasses (Poa species ). Shrubs were the most important food items in deer diets. Future habitat management efforts should be directed toward improving shrub production for white-tailed deer winter consumption. Similarity indices ranged from 0 to 88 percent, an indication that some plants were highly selected or avoided by deer (low similarities) and other plants were consumed in similar proportions as available on both areas. Rank order correlations were low and ranged from r = -0.22 on the Experimental Forest to r = 0.11 indicating white-tailed deer were not selecting plants in the same proportions as their availability.
Reply to Queimado et al.: E-cigarettes induce DNA damage and inhibit DNA repair in mice and human cells

We believe that Queimado et al. (1) may have inadvertently missed several key details presented in our recent PNAS publication (2). First, for the determination of nicotine effects on DNA adduct formation and DNA repair activity, the nicotine concentrations used for 1-h treatments of human lung and bladder epithelial cells were based on cytotoxicity (killing <20%). For lung cells, the concentrations used were 0, 100, and 200 μM. For urothelial cells, the concentrations used were 0, 1, and 2.5 μM (163–410 ng/mL), which are similar to the nicotine level generated by 100 puffs of an E-cigarette (2 … [↵][1]1Email: moon-shong.tang{at}nyumc.org. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
A comparison of ATMS and CSP techniques

A fundamental problem for most AI problem solvers is how to control search to avoid searching subspaces which previously have been determined to be inconsistent. Two of the standard approaches to this problem are embodied in the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) techniques which evolved from vision tasks and assumption-based truth maintenance system (ATMS) techniques which evolved from applying constraint propagation techniques to reasoning about the physical world. This paper argues that both approaches embody similar intuitions for avoiding thrashing and shows how CSPs can be mapped to ATMS problems and vice versa. In particular, Mackworth's notions of node, arc, and path consistency, Freuder's notion of it-consistency, and Dechter and Pearl's notion of directed K-consistency have precise analogs in the ATMS framework.
The localization of ion-selective pumps and paths in the plasma membranes of turtle bladders.

Turtle bladders actively transport Na, Cl, and HCO3 to the serosal fluid; and each ionic flux is independent of the others under short-circuiting conditions. This behavior mimics that of a parallel network of ion-selective, electrically-conductive paths and pumps in each membrane, — a picture consistent with recent evidence along three independent lines. (1) The potential response to increases in mucosal Na concentration indicates that the Na conductance of the apical membrane is 70% of the transepithelial conductance and that the Na transfer across this membrane occurs via an electrically-charged carrier operation. (2) The sidedness and selectivity of transport changes induced by certain agents are the following. Acting from the mucosal side only, amiloride blocks passive Na transfer; and catecholamines (or imidazoles or theophylline) accelerate active anion transport. Acting from the serosal side only, ouabain blocks active Na transport; and disulfonic stilbenes or acetazolamide block passive anion transfers. (3) The surface charge density of the apical membrane differs from that of basal-lateral during free-flow electrophoresis (FFE) of a mixed membrane fraction of epithelial cells. Basal-lateral membrane fragments (containing ouabain-sensitive ATPase and a stilbene-binding protein) migrate toward the positive electrode while apical membrane fragments (contain nor-epinephrine-sensitive adenylate cyclase and cAMP-activated protein kinase) migrate toward the negative electrode. (4) Thus, ouabain, nor-epinephrine, and a disulfonic stilbene are shown to be useful membrane probes for the Na pump, the anion pumps, and the passive anion transfer paths, respectively.
Uncertainty Quantification for Turbulent Mixing Flows: Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) for fluid mixing depends on the length scales for observation: macro, meso and micro, each with its own UQ requirements. New results are presented here for macro and micro observables. For the micro observables, recent theories argue that convergence of numerical simulations in Large Eddy Simulations (LES) should be governed by space-time dependent probability distribution functions (PDFs, in the present context, Young measures) which satisfy the Euler equation. From a single deterministic simulation in the LES, or inertial regime, we extract a PDF by binning results from a space time neighborhood of the convergence point. The binned state values constitute a discrete set of solution values which define an approximate PDF. The convergence of the associated cumulative distribution functions (CDFs) are assessed by standard function space metrics.
Evaluating Regulatory Impact Assessments in Education Policy.

Benefit–cost analysis is an important part of regulatory decision-making, yet there are questions as to how often and how well it is performed. Here we examine 28 Regulatory Impact Assessments perf...
Salary Expectations and Salary Realities:An Analysis of University Students in Spain and Singapore

Career preparation is arguably the most compelling reason for a post-secondary education around the world. But what are the factors these new entrants into the workforce desire in their jobs to begin their careers, and are their desires realistic? The researchers examined two seemingly different countries, Spain and Singapore, which vary greatly is size, per capita GDP and unemployment rate. The variables of country, gender, academic major, and personality type were examined, and many statistically significant differences were found.
An Arginine Nexus in the RNA Polymerase II CTD.

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Sharma et al. (2019) show that normal cell growth requires conversion of an arginine residue in the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) to citrulline, uncovering a potential regulatory pathway involving opposing arginine modifications.
Simian immunodeficiency virus transiently increases brain temperature in rhesus monkeys: detection with magnetic resonance spectroscopy thermometry

PURPOSE To evaluate brain temperature effects of early simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in rhesus macaques using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) thermometry (MRSt) and to determine whether temperature correlates with brain choline or myo-inositol levels. METHODS Brain temperature was retrospectively determined in serial MRS scans that had been acquired at baseline and at 2 and 4 weeks post-SIV infection (wpi) in 16 monkeys by calculating the chemical shift difference between N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and water peaks in sequentially acquired water-suppressed and unsuppressed point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) spectra. Frontal and parietal cortex, basal ganglia, and white matter spectra were analyzed. RESULTS At 2 wpi, brain and rectal temperatures increased relative to baseline and normalized at 4 wpi. Brain temperatures correlated with choline levels in several brain areas, but not with myo-inositol levels. CONCLUSION These data indicate that SIV transiently increases brain temperature soon after infection and that temperature is correlated with transient changes in choline levels. Given that choline levels are associated with brain inflammation in SIV-infected monkeys, our findings suggest that the SIV-induced temperature increase reflects brain inflammation. We conclude that MRSt may be informative in human immunodeficiency virus models and may be useful for assessing effects of treatments that reduce inflammation. This study also illustrates that existing MRS data sets containing unsuppressed water spectra can be used to measure tissue temperature, an important physiological parameter.
Depression Severity Over 27 Months in Adolescent Girls Is Predicted by Stress-Linked Cortical Morphology

Abstract Background Evidence supports the notion that early-life stress and trauma impact cortical development and increase vulnerability to depression. However, it remains unclear whether common stressful life events in community-dwelling adolescents have similar consequences for cortical development. Methods A total of 232 adolescent girls (mean age 15.29 ± 0.65 years) were assessed with the Stressful Life Events Schedule (a semistructured interview of stressors in the previous 9 months) and underwent a magnetic resonance imaging scan. FreeSurfer 5.3.0 was used to perform whole-brain surface-based morphometry. Dysphoria was assessed at the time of imaging and prospectively at three 9-month follow-up appointments using the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms II. Results At least one stressful life event was reported in 90% of the adolescent participants during the 9 months preceding imaging. Greater burden of recent life stress was associated with less left precuneus and left postcentral cortical thickness and smaller left superior frontal and right inferior parietal volume (all p Conclusions Consistent with evidence from imaging studies of trauma-exposed youths and preclinical stress models, a heavy burden of recent common life stress in community-dwelling adolescent girls was associated with altered frontal/parietal cortical morphology. Stress-linked precuneus cortical thickness represents a candidate prospective biomarker of adolescent depression.
Educational attainment, body mass index, and smoking initiation: Using genetic path analysis to control for pleiotropy in a Mendelian randomization study

When a randomized experimental study is not possible, Mendelian randomization studies use genetic variants or polygenic scores as instrumental variables to control for gene-environment correlation while estimating the association between an exposure and outcome. Polygenic scores have become increasingly potent predictors of their respective phenotypes, satisfying the relevance criteria of an instrumental variable. Evidence for pervasive pleiotropy, however, casts doubt on whether the exclusion criteria of an instrumental variable is likely to hold for polygenic scores of complex phenotypes, and a number of methods have been developed to adjust for pleiotropy in Mendelian randomization studies. Using multiple polygenic scores and path analysis we implement an extension of genetic instrumental variable regression, genetic path analysis, and use it to test whether educational attainment is associated with two health-related outcomes in adulthood, body mass index (BMI) and smoking initiation, estimating both gene-environment correlation and pleiotropy. Results provide compelling evidence for a complex set of gene-environment transactions that undergird the relation between educational attainment and health-related outcomes in adulthood.
Integrating Transformer and Paraphrase Rules for Sentence Simplification.

Sentence simplification aims to reduce the complexity of a sentence while retaining its original meaning. Current models for sentence simplification adopted ideas from machine translation studies and implicitly learned simplification mapping rules from normal-simple sentence pairs. In this paper, we explore a novel model based on a multi-layer and multi-head attention architecture and we propose two innovative approaches to integrate the Simple PPDB (A Paraphrase Database for Simplification), an external paraphrase knowledge base for simplification that covers a wide range of real-world simplification rules. The experiments show that the integration provides two major benefits: (1) the integrated model outperforms multiple state-of-the-art baseline models for sentence simplification in the literature (2) through analysis of the rule utilization, the model seeks to select more accurate simplification rules. The code and models used in the paper are available at https://github.com/Sanqiang/text_simplification.
New Geometry of Parametric Statistical Models

We provide an alternative differential geometric framework of the manifold \(\mathbb M\) of parametric statistical models. While adopting the Fisher-Rao metric as the Riemannian metric g on \(\mathbb M\), we treat the original parameterization of the statistical model as affine coordinate chart on the manifold endowed with a flat connection, instead of using a pair of torsion-free affine connections with generally non-vanishing curvature. We then construct its g-conjugate connection which, while necessarily curvature-free, carries torsion in general. So instead of associating a statistical structure to \(\mathbb M\), we construct a statistical manifold admitting torsion (SMAT). We show that \(\mathbb M\) is dually flat if and only if torsion of the conjugate connection vanishes.
A TITAN step forward: apalutamide for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer.

Metastatic prostate cancer, which presents as either de novo (4–5% of cases) or as a recurrence following definitive therapy for localized disease, has historically been treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) alone. Although 90% of men initially respond to ADT, almost all eventually become castration-resistant and develop progression of their disease.
Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: New Formation Scenarios and Astrophysical Effects

Scalar field instability can lead to a short matter dominated era, during which the matter is represented by large lumps of the scalar field, whose distribution exhibits large fluctuations, leading to copious production of primordial black holes (PBH). The PBH abundance can be sufficient to explain up to 100% of dark matter without violating observational constraints. Small PBH can destabilize neutron stars and contribute to r-process nucleosynthesis.
Recording Creator Characteristics for Native American Authors: An Analysis of Bibliographic Records

AbstractThe MARC 21 field 386 in bibliographic records allows catalogers to record demographic terms for creator and contributors. In 2015, the Library of Congress published the first terms in the ...
Morbidly Obese Preeclamptic Patient with Difficult IV Access for Urgent Cesarean Delivery

A 34-year-old morbidly obese woman, G1P0, at 28 + 1/7 weeks estimated gestational age, is admitted from Clinic to Labor & Delivery late one afternoon for superimposed preeclampsia with uncontrolled hypertension (L-1). She has gained weight dramatically in the last few days and her face and entire body are swollen (L-2). Her admission blood pressures (BPs) are in the range of 180–190/100–110 and in Clinic she had a headache which was relieved by oral acetaminophen. Prior to pregnancy her BPs were in the 140/80 range and her first BP obtained during pregnancy was 154/82. She weighs 143 kg (315 lbs.), is 160 cm tall (5 feet 3 inches), and has a BMI of 55.8. She has gestational diabetes with a most recent HgA1c of 6.3 and is currently taking glyburide. Her other admission vital signs, including an SpO2 on room air of 98%, are unremarkable. Her lungs are clear, with no rales or wheezing (L-3), and her airway exam, while obese, appears to be consistent with routine intubation. All of the patient’s extremities reveal pitting edema and her mother states that her face is swollen (L-4).
Drinking Together and Drinking Alone: A Social-Contextual Framework for Examining Risk for Alcohol Use Disorder:

The context in which drinking occurs is a critical but relatively understudied factor in alcohol use disorder (AUD) etiology. In this article, I offer a social-contextual framework for examining AU...
Modeling Addiction: Teaching The House of Mirth in the Context of Addiction Studies

This chapter recounts the teaching of The House of Mirth in Literature between Habit and Addiction, an English course that explores the pervasive presence of addiction and addicts in literature. The course hypothesizes that literature’s exploration of human experiences mixes different theories of addiction, interrogating addiction as both disease and habit. The House of Mirth shows Lily Bart modeling addiction in that her bridge habit represents both a symptom of her insufficient free will and a desperate attempt at survival in a hostile social world. The chapter uses work by addiction studies theorists Robyn R. Warhol and Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick as examples of effective literary criticism, interlocutors, and theoretical stimulation. For example, Sedgwick’s argument critiques the compulsory attribution of addiction to behavior such as smoking, drinking, and even exercise. Lily Bart’s struggles exemplify and add complexity to Sedgwick’s theory of compulsory addiction attribution. Each time Lily narrowly escapes one bad habit, another is waiting at its heels: from gambling to illicit dealings to sleep medication. The chapter concludes by outlining student responses that explore how Lily Bart’s behavior can be read both as addiction and as a strategic response to her hostile environment.
Posterior plagiocephaly

Introduction Asymmetrical cranial vaults resulting from external forces on an infant’s head can be caused by abnormal sutural development (synostotic plagiocephaly) or abnormal external forces acting on an intrinsically normal, developing cranium (deformational plagiocephaly).
The virtual COVID-19 classroom: surveying outcomes, individual differences, and technology use in college students

The COVID-19 pandemic caused many colleges to quickly shift to virtual learning, leading students to rely on technology to complete coursework while also experiencing new situations and stressors. The present study explored students’ technology use in their online course in conjunction with several student outcomes and individual difference measures. Ninety-six undergraduate students were surveyed about devices used and their perceptions of those devices. In addition, the survey measured students’ engagement, motivation, procrastination, perceived stress, and self-efficacy. It also asked students to report their current grade as well as how satisfied and isolated they felt in their course. Relationships emerged in predictable ways between course outcomes and individual difference measures. And though laptops were most used for coursework, more smartphone use related to lower feelings of isolation. Lower feelings of isolation then related to higher grades and less stress. Regression analyses confirmed that smartphone use explained unique variance in feelings of isolation, and further revealed that perceived stress consistently predicted all outcomes. From these results and complementary qualitative survey data, it seems that both laptops and smartphones hold importance for academics in the current context. Educators should further explore the role of device in students’ experience as well as consider this information when designing online courses.
Gas phase click chemistry via ion/ion reactions

Abstract The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azides and alkynes, i.e., ‘click’ chemistry, has been demonstrated in the gas phase via ion/ion reactions. Doubly protonated azide-modified peptide cations were reacted with singly deprotonated dibenzoazacyclooctyne DIBAC reagent anions to form a long-lived complex monocation. Similarly, ion/ion complex monoanions were generated in the negative mode via reactions between singly protonated azide-containing cations and doubly deprotonated DIBAC reagent anions. Activation of ion/ion complexes in either polarity resulted in the formation of a triazole, a covalent linkage that can be further probed via MS n . The click chemistry coupled species synthesized in solution and subsequently transferred into the gas phase yielded the same products as those synthesized in gas phase when activated in the mass spectrometer. Analogous click chemistry products were synthesized in the solution phase and activated via tandem mass spectrometry as a control for the dissociation of the novel gas-phase reaction products. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to provide estimates for key processes (e.g., reaction barriers and energies) that can occur in the overall reaction. The work herein demonstrates that it is possible to conjugate azide and alkyne functional groups in the gas-phase, and represents another example of the growing number of selective covalent reactions that can take place via gas-phase ion/ion reactions.
Inferior Vena Cava Filters: Indications, Outcomes, and Evidence

Filter technology seems relatively stable, although absorbable devices are an area of investigational interest. The indications for filter placement remain controversial, with wide variations in adherence to guidelines, and relatively poor quality of data about the specific prophylactic indications of trauma or bariatric surgery. The outcomes of filters are not well-defined despite widespread clinical use, and good data remains difficult to obtain. Several larger database and institutional retrospective studies support the notions that while filters prevent pulmonary embolism, they may be associated with venous thrombotic complications. Some subsets of cancer patients may be at increased risk of these complications, but whether the filter or the underlying hypercoagulable state is the cause is not clear. Lastly, although the benefits of filter retrieval are widely assumed (but not proven), filter retrieval rates remain lower than expected. The single most influential factor in improving filter retrieval rates is dedicated follow-up with intent to retrieve the filter.
Surgical Management of Diabetic Macular Edema.

Diabetic macular edema (DME) is typically caused by leakage from abnormal retinal blood vessels. Mechanical causes at the vitreoretinal interface are increasingly implicated in select patients. Surgical interventions, including vitrectomy, epiretinal membrane (ERM) peel, and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel, have been proposed in these patients to relieve traction, clear cytokines, and improve oxygenation. This chapter reviews the efficacy of these interventions, which varies by the type of vitreoretinal interface abnormality. Vitrectomy is beneficial in most DME cases where a taut posterior hyaloid or vitreomacular traction is present. It can also be beneficial in select cases where the posterior hyaloid is attached, even if there is no observable traction. When separation of the posterior hyaloid has occurred, vitrectomy can still be beneficial if an ERM is present. Unfortunately, favorable anatomic results, including improved thickness on optical coherence topography scans, are more common than improved visual results. This may reflect that surgical intervention is often performed for refractory DME cases with long-standing edema, with limited potential for substantial improvement. However, surgical intervention may be beneficial for select cases of DME, especially when surgical intervention is undertaken before photoreceptor damage has occurred.
Fourier Transforms on the Line and in Space

This chapter introduces a few features of the Fourier transform, mainly for its use in the design of Daubechies’ continuous, compactly supported, orthogonal wavelets. The principal use of the Fourier transform in the design of wavelets will consist in transforming “convolutions” of functions into ordinary multiplications of functions, which allow for an analysis easier than with convolutions. The material presented here involves mostly calculus, with only a few results with brief statements—such as Fubini’s theorem on the permutation of the order of multiple integrals [12, pp. 65-66], [21, pp. 384-388], [28, pp. 226-239]—borrowed from the literature in mathematical real analysis and complex analysis.
Circadian Dysrhythmias in the Intensive Care Unit

Circadian rhythms underlie nearly all physiologic functions and organ systems. Circadian abnormalities have attendant implications for critical illness survival. The intensive care unit (ICU) environment, with its lack of diurnal variation in sound, light, and social cues, may precipitate circadian dysrhythmias. Additional features of critical care, including mechanical ventilation and sedation, likely perpetuate circadian misalignment. Critical illness itself, from sepsis to severe brain injury, can compromise circadian health. Use of daylight, time-restricted feedings, and administration of melatonin can possibly restore circadian rhythm. However, further study is necessary to assess the effectiveness of these interventions and their impact on ICU outcomes.