cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subnoise detection of a fast random event

Observation of random, nonrepetitive phenomena is of critical importance in astronomy, spectroscopy, biology, and remote sensing. Heralded by weak signals, hidden in noise, they pose basic detection challenges. In contrast to repetitive waveforms, a single-instance signal cannot be separated from noise through averaging. Here, we show that a fast, randomly occurring event can be detected and extracted from a noisy background without conventional averaging. An isolated 80-picosecond pulse was received with confidence level exceeding 99%, even when accompanied by noise. Our detector relies on instantaneous spectral cloning and a single-step, coherent field processor. The ability to extract fast, subnoise events is expected to increase detection sensitivity in multiple disciplines. Additionally, the new spectral-cloning receiver can potentially intercept communication signals that are presently considered secure.
Nursing Home Social Services: Policy and Practice

This purpose of this exploratory study is to describe the education, responsibilities, and knowledge of social service workers in skilled nursing facilities. The study used a stratified random sample for structured telephone interviews of 108 social service workers in Mis- souri. The data indicate that 16% of respondents have a graduate degree, 46% a bachelor's degree, and the remaining 38% have no college degree. Results show that 11% of facilities with more than 120 beds were out of compliance with OBRA requirements for a "qualified" social service staff person, while the credentials of 35% of facilities with less than 120 beds exceeded the credential requirements. Social service staff report their responsibilities include facilitating the social and psychological well being of residents, discharge planning, the admission process, and care planning, The findings have implications for policy makers as con- sideration is given to the mental health needs of nursing home residents and for social work educators preparing students for gerontological prac- tice. (Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-HAWORTH. E-mail address: Website: © 2003 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.)
Polymer Microspheres Prepared by Water-Borne Thiol–Ene Suspension Photopolymerization

Thiol–ene polymerizations are shown to be possible in a water-borne suspension-like photopolymerization and yield spherical particles that have diameters in the range of submicrometers to hundreds of micrometers. This is the first report of such colloidal thiol–ene polymerizations. Thiol–ene polymerization offers unique conditions not commonly associated with a water-borne polymerization including a step-growth polymerization mechanism along with photoinitiation under ambient conditions. Example polymerizations of a triene, 3,5-triallyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6 (1N,3H,5H)-trione (TTT), and a tetrathiol, pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), with the photoinitiator 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and a cosolvent (chloroform or toluene) are discussed. Various experimental parameters were examined such as surfactant concentration, homogenization energy, cosolvent species, and cosolvent amount in order to develop an understanding of the mechanism of mi...
Oriental Fruit Fly Eradication by Male Annihilation

During 1962–63 cane-fiber squares saturated with a solution of methyl eugenol-3% naled (by volume) and dropped from the air or suspended from trees eradicated a heavy infestation of oriental fruit flies, Dacus dorsalis Hendel, from the semi-isolated 33-square-mile Island of Rota, Mariana Islands. Most of the squares were dropped at 2-week intervals from an airplane flying over lines 1/5 mile apart. In inhabited areas permanent bait stations, re-treated monthly, were suspended from trees in lieu of aerial drops. Only 3.4 g of toxicant/acre were required for the entire operation. Male fly populations declined 99.6% within 1 generation. Virgin, sexually mature females were attracted and killed by the lure, but only after the male population was depressed 99%. Virgin females constituted 93% of flies caught in the 4th month; this response may have increased the efficiency of the method. Fly catches and fruit infestations ceased during the 6th month. The island has been free of oriental fruit flies for more than 24 months.
Game warden perceptions of change in conservation law enforcement

Game wardens are responsible for protecting natural resources by enforcing fish and wildlife laws. Mounting evidence suggests they may be assuming traditional police duties that leave them with les...
Renal effects of acute endothelial-derived relaxing factor blockade are not mediated by angiotensin II

The renal responses to acute blockade of the endothelial-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) resemble the renal actions of angiotensin II (ANG II), and the present studies were conducted to establish what role, if any, the endogenous renin-angiotensin system plays in mediating the renal response to acute EDRF blockade. These studies were conducted in the conscious chronically catheterized rat. In control experiments we observed that acute blockade of ANG II synthesis with converting-enzyme inhibition (CEI) led to a fall in blood pressure (BP) and a slight renal vasodilation but no significant change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or renal plasma flow (RPF). Urine flow and sodium excretion were unchanged by CEI. Use of the nonpeptide ANG II receptor antagonist losartan had no effect on BP, renal vascular resistance (RVR), GFR, or RPF; however, urine flow and sodium excretion did rise significantly. Because of the high specificity of losartan, this suggests that, in the normal conscious rat, endogenous ANG II does not control renal vascular tone but does enhance renal sodium reabsorption. ANG II blockade with either CEI or losartan had little effect on BP and no effect on the renal hemodynamic responses to acute EDRF blockade. The marked natriuretic and diuretic response to acute EDRF blockade persists during concomitant losartan but is abolished by CEI. These studies suggest that in the conscious rat the renal hemodynamic response to EDRF blockade is not mediated by endogenous ANG II.
The older patient. A confrontation problem-solving technic in treatment.

The confrontation problem-solving technic seems to meet the criteria for successful and practical psychotherapy for the elderly patient. Its suitability lies in the problem-solving rather than the coercive or permissive approach and in the ease with which it can be applied to treat persons with widely varied intelligence levels, functional or organic disease, social standing and ethnicity.
Flothilde's visions and Flodoard's histories: a tenth‐century mutation?

Although Flodoard of Reims is best known for his comprehensive historical writings, he also recorded separately the visions of a young girl named Flothilde. Re-examining Flodoard's varied historical works in light of these visions reveals that he was unusually interested in visions generally, and particularly those of women. The question is why. In proposing answers, it will be suggested that both Flodoard's histories and Flothilde's visions represent a crucial moment in the transformation of ninth-century Carolingian understandings of history, visions, and reform into the quite different patterns of the early eleventh century.
Analysis on the training effect of vaccination in Mianyang City

[Objective]To understand the training effect of the primary vaccination in Mianyang City,and provide relevant reference for subsequent training.[Methods]The training effect was assessed by the questionnaire survey before and after training.[Results] The average score of the trainees was increased from( 52.66 ± 14.04) to( 92.87 ± 4.84) after the training,with significant difference( P 0.01).The score of different gender,age,education level in training group was higher after training,with significant difference.[Conclusion]After training,the vaccination knowledge levels of the trainees are significantly improved.
Assessment of Cardiac Function and Cardiac Output

The management of hemodynamically unstable patients requires an assessment of the patient’s preload and fluid responsiveness (see Chap. 9) as well as an assessment of cardiac function. Cardiac function is best assessed by bedside echocardiography coupled with real time monitoring of cardiac output (CO). These techniques are complementary; echocardiography in the hands of the non-expert is unable to accurately measure and track CO, while CO monitors provide little information on left/right ventricular function nor the potential causes of an abnormal cardiac output. Furthermore, CO monitors are essential to determine fluid responsiveness.
IL-21 dampens NFkB activation to augment efficacy of CD8+ T cell mediated adoptive cell therapy (ACT)

Exploiting mechanisms integrating antigen and cytokine signals to generate tumor-antigen specific CD8+ T cells that are durable and produce low proinflammatory profile can boost efficacy of adoptive cell therapy (ACT) of cancer. Herein, we show that IL-21 via STAT3 induces the atypical IKK family member, Bcl3, to dampen antigen driven NF-kB (p65/p50) activation. The IL-21 induced Bcl3 decreases antigen driven CD8+ proliferation as well as apoptosis to increase clonal expansion. Strikingly, Bcl3 skews expression of master transcriptional factors to facilitate transition of polyfunctional CD8+ effector cells to memory precursor cells (MPCs) with cytotoxicity but reduced IFNg production. The IL-21 conditioned CD8+ T cells are persistent and produce greater tumor efficacy upon adoptive transfer. These studies have revealed a role for NF-kB to serve as a node for integrating antigen and cytokine signals that determine fate of antigen stimulated CD8+ T cells and encourage development of new approaches to target NFkB for T cell mediated immunity.
Why Is the American Free Market System So Stable

Whatever one’s feelings are about the merits of the American free market system, it has certainly proved to be a remarkably stable system that has remained relatively immune to major alterations in the hundreds of years it has been in existence. This is not to say that the type of capitalism, the size distribution of firms, or the role of government we have today are the same as in earlier centuries. Rather, the average American’s trust in the free market has remained relatively unshaken over the years despite repeated economic crises and occasional flirtations with socialism. This is true because the free market system satisfies what I feel are four basic criteria of any successful and stable economic system. In this chapter I will discuss these criteria and investigate the extent to which the American free market system satisfies them.
Gender Equity and Community Well-Being

Community well-being is a function of many factors working in concert to promote an optimal quality of life for all members of a community. It is argued here that attention to gender equity including the education and health of girls and women has a direct impact on numerous indicators of community well-being. Numerous international studies suggest that attention to gender equity creates human and social capital that enables community well-being. Human capital is the knowledge, skills and health embodied in individuals and social capital refers to the patterns and qualities of relationships in a community characterized by norms of trust and reciprocity. Women’s education has been linked to a reduction in infant and childhood mortality, socio-economic development, community development, physical and mental well-being as well as other factors. Attention to gender equity and in particular girls and women’s education, leads to greater human and social capital which in turn leads to community well-being.
How Well Do Doodle Polls Do

Web-based Doodle polls, where respondents indicate their availability for a collection of times provided by the poll initiator, are an increasingly common way of selecting a time for an event or meeting. Yet group dynamics can markedly influence an individual’s response, and thus the overall solution quality. Via theoretical worst-case analysis, we analyze certain common behaviors of Doodle poll respondents, including when participants are either more generous with or more protective of their time, showing that deviating from one’s “true availability” can have a substantial impact on the overall quality of the selected time. We show perhaps counter-intuitively that being more generous with your time can lead to inferior time slots being selected, and being more protective of your time can lead to superior time slots being selected. We also bound the improvement and degradation of outcome quality under both types of behaviors.
Destrucción del personaje y difuminación del sujeto lírico: Lorca, Valente, Novo

Este articulo aborda la recreacion poetica de las subjetividades de personajes que se nos muestran como victimas de la represion o de los abusos infligidos por parte del poder, ejemplificados en piezas de los autores espanoles Federico Garcia Lorca, Jose Angel Valente y Olga Novo. Los poemas estudiados cuestionan el papel del lenguaje en esos procesos, exhibiendo disonancias explicables como formas de negativa autorial a reintegrar en el discurso hegemonico la expresion de una experiencia traumatica originada por los agentes que sostienen dicho discurso. Tal disrupcion linguistica se manifiesta en el correlato entre la descomposicion del personaje y la violencia ejercida sobre el lenguaje del poema
Characterizing the effects of feature salience and top-down attention in the early visual system

While spatial attention allows for specific, goal-driven enhancement of stimuli, salient items outside of the current focus of attention must also be prioritized. We used 7T fMRI to compare salienc...
Crystalline Silicon Device Loss Analysis Through Spatially Resolved Quantum Efficiency Measurements

The development of ultrafast quantum efficiency measurements has made it possible to perform spatially resolved short-circuit current mapping on large area crystalline silicon solar cells. With the inclusion of concurrent diffuse reflectance measurements, detailed loss analysis is presented that identifies the impact and spatial nonuniformity of various current loss mechanisms. We measure p-type multicrystalline aluminum back surface field and p-type monocrystalline passivated emitter and rear cells, and investigate details of the spatial variation in specific device layers such as the antireflection coating, phosphorus diffused region, bulk, and rear surface. The results are compared with traditional photoluminescence imaging, and are found to provide a complementary dataset that provides a comprehensive picture of device performance. The insight provided from these techniques is intended to allow rapid feedback for quality control in manufacturing and accelerate the pace of process development in research environment.
Representation of One Endomorphism

We deal here with one endomorphism of a module, actually a free module, and especially a finite dimensional vector space over a field k. We obtain the Jordan canonical form for a representing matrix, which has a particularly simple shape when k is algebraically closed. This leads to a discussion of eigenvalues and the characteristic polynomial. The main theorem can be viewed as giving an example for the general structure theorem of modules over a principal ring. In the present case, the principal ring is the polynomial ring k[X] in one variable.
Production Inventory Models for a Multi-product Batch Production System

This paper presents an analytical model for capacitated batch production systems with the objective of investigating the effect of system utilization, production batch size, and production lead time on performance measures such as backorders and on-hand inventory levels. First, an exact analysis of a single product system and two product system is presented using the Markov chain approach. To overcome the computation complexity resulting from the explosion of state space, an alternative approach based on decomposition is proposed to analyze multi-product systems with more than two products. Numerical results indicate that the decomposition approach provides fairly accurate estimates of the performance measures. The analytical model also provides some useful insights on the effect of the production batch size and utilization on system performance.
Enacting the Moral; Concrete Particularity and Subjunctive Space

This paper explores the nature of moral action. Its shows the mutability of what has been considered moral over time and is critical of its more contemporary identification with the ‘good will’ and good intentions. It argues instead for a circumscription of the arena of the moral to concrete and particular actions produced in the face of the overarching ambiguity which inheres in all our acts. It makes the counterintuitive claim that ritual practice provides an important propaedeutic to this type of moral action.
A Network Model for the Thermal Conductivity of Pillared-Graphene Architectures

Carbon nanotubes and graphene are promising for thermal management applications due to their high thermal conductivities. However, their thermal properties are anisotropic and the radial or out-of-plane thermal conductivity is low. A graphene-CNT 3D structure has previously been proposed to overcome such limitation, and direct molecular dynamics simulations have been used to predict its thermal conductivity. In this work, by recognizing that the thermal resistance comes primarily from CNT-graphene junctions, we have proposed a simple network model of thermal transport in pillared graphene structures. Using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics, the resistance across an individual CNT-graphene junction is found to be around 6 × 10−11 m2 K/W, which is significantly lower than the typical values reported in literature for planar interfaces between dissimilar materials. The size-dependence of the CNT-graphene junction resistance is also explored in our work. The CNT pillar length between two graphene sheets is found to be an important parameter affecting the junction resistance, which decreases as the pillar length decreases. We explain this behavior by calculating the local phonon density of states near the junction. The junction resistance is then used in the network model to obtain the thermal conductivity, and the results agree well with the direct MD simulation data, demonstrating the effectiveness of our model.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Recent Advances in the Genetics of Frontotemporal Dementia

In this review, we highlight recent advances in the human genetics of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In addition to providing a broad survey of genes implicated in FTD in the last several years, we also discuss variation in genes implicated in both hereditary leukodystrophies and risk for FTD (e.g., TREM2, TMEM106B, CSF1R, AARS2, NOTCH3). Over the past 5 years, genetic variation in approximately 50 genes has been confirmed or suggested to cause or influence risk for FTD and FTD-spectrum disorders. We first give background and discuss recent findings related to C9ORF72, GRN, and MAPT, the genes most commonly implicated in FTD. We then provide a broad overview of other FTD-associated genes and go on to discuss new findings in FTD genetics in East Asian populations, including pathogenic variation in CHCHD10, which may represent a frequent cause of disease in Chinese populations. Finally, we consider recent insights gleaned from genome-wide association and genetic pleiotropy studies. Recent genetic discoveries highlight cellular pathways involving autophagy, the endolysosomal system, and neuroinflammation and reveal an intriguing overlap between genes that confer risk for leukodystrophy and FTD.
The Conceptual and Disciplinary Segregation of Disability: a Phenomenography of Science Education Graduate Student Learning

Science teacher education has long sought to educate new science teachers to more fully understand “Science-for-all” and prepare them to effectively navigate diverse contexts. To adopt this “Science-for-all” mantra, we need to address what the labeling (i.e., categorical labeling and/or mislabeling) of students with disabilities means for science teacher education. This paper provides a critical inquiry to ground the claim that disability operates subversively and unrecognized as a marker of difference similar to labels that produce exclusion in science education (e.g., race, class, and gender). Using a phenomenographic design, this research studied graduate students’ conceptualizations of disability as they progressed through the only required diversity course at a large, urban university in the American northeast. Primary data sources included in-depth, pre-/post-course interviews with supplemental data collected from biweekly course reflections. Phenomenographic data analyses addressed to what extent these graduate students embraced a disability studies perspective relative to disability—i.e., viewing disability beyond merely individual deficit. Findings suggest that the course sustained the relatively static conceptualizations about disability held by the participants related to individual deficiency rather than pushing for more critical views of disability beyond deficiency. Implications are discussed in relation to multicultural science teacher education course goals.
Opening the Black Box: Identifying Common Practice Approaches in Urban and Rural Rape Crisis Centers

This study sought to open the black box of services at rape crisis centers (RCCs), particularly related to counseling, to better understand what is available to survivors in urban and rural setting...
Predictive design of polymer molecular weight distributions in anionic polymerization

Molecular weight distributions (MWD) have a substantial impact on a diverse set of polymer physical and rheological properties, from processability and stiffness to many aspects of block copolymer microphase behavior. The precise MWD compositions of these polymers can be modularly controlled through temporal initiation in anionic polymerizations by metered addition of a discrete initiating species. With the technique described in this work, we identify initiator addition profiles through theoretical modeling which can be used to prepare any desired arbitrary MWD. This kinetic model reproduces experimental MWDs with high fidelity. Our modeling strategy incorporates a detailed kinetic description of polymer initiation and propagation, including the association and dissociation equilibria of the living polymer chain ends. We simplify the kinetic model by incorporating the aggregation phenomena into an effective propagation rate constant kp, allowing it to vary with the polymer chain length (i). Importantly, this model also yields the ability to predict MWDs at any arbitrary value of monomer conversion during the polymerization. Lastly, we simulate MWDs for a variety of new, yet unmeasured, initiator addition profiles, demonstrating the predictability of this approach.
Gender differences among Black adolescents in foster care: The relationship between relational permanence and psychological well-being

Black adolescents in the foster care system are at risk for a wide variety of negative outcomes. However, little is known about the role of multilevel promotive factors, particularly relational per...
Housing Instability Characteristics Among Transgender Veterans Cared for in the Veterans Health Administration, 2013–2016

Objectives. To characterize housing instability among transgender veterans using Veterans Health Administration (VHA) health care in the United States.Methods. We used administrative data on vetera...
Ecological Restoration and Local Communities: A Case Study from Sinkyone Wilderness State Park, Mendocino County, California

A partir de l'examen d'un projet de reserve naturelle dans le nord de la Californie (Sinkyone Wilderness State Park, comte de Mendocino), l'A. analyse la maniere dont la participation des populations locales dans la gestion des ressources naturelles influe sur la conservation du milieu naturel et la restauration de la biodiversite. Il montre comment, dans un climat conflictuel, il existe neanmoins une demande forte de concertation et de participation entre les differentes parties impliquees : groupes environnementalistes, conseillers scientifiques exterieurs, exploitants forestiers, habitants, et administrations locales.
Underlay Scheduling Request for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications

Next generation mobile (namely, 3GPP 5G New Radio, henceforth 5G NR) networks not only envision enhancing the traditional link quality and data rates of Mobile Broad Band (MBB) links, but also development of new control channels to meet the requirements of delay sensitive use cases. In particular, the need for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) for many Internet of Things (IoT) users is greatly emphasized. In this article, we discuss some fundamental issues that relate to URLLC and present a new spread spectrum signaling design that we propose for transmission of Scheduling Requests (SRs) in 5G NR networks. The proposed design, although a Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) technique, is compatible with the OFDM signaling in LTE, hence, it can be easily integrated into LTE UE transmitter structures. Furthermore, it can be easily synchronized with the rest of an LTE network. In this paper, we propose a DSSS signal design that transmits a single bit for each scheduling request. We also propose a novel method that allows reliable detection of a UE signal when large portions of its spectrum are cluttered by other communications within the same cell.
Respiratory Care and the Cochrane Collaboration.

In this issue of Respiratory Care, we are pleased to introduce a new feature to the Journal, The Cochrane Corner. The Cochrane Library is widely known for the collection of databases and the development of Cochrane Reviews through systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The goal of the Cochrane
“Now I know that meritocracy and the American dream are myths”: employing critical hope in a teacher pipeline program serving minoritized high school students

The purpose of this teacher action research project is to examine the perspectives of high school youth as they experience an intensive, 45-hours summer course geared toward developing and strength...
Guard Your Heart

The promise of courtship ideology is that with God in charge of your love life, no one gets hurt. Courtship promises to minimize the risk of romantic relationships and reward believers who invest by providing happy, fulfilling marriages. Saving intimacy for marriage assures that a couple will not “run out” of love and happiness or have the “polluting” forces of premarital emotional or sexual attachments foul up a marriage. By eschewing romantic attachments, or “guarding your heart,” courtship participants attempt to ensure that they will never know the pain of having their dreams dashed. Romance and marriage—not sex—become the real prizes worth waiting for.
Motor Bearing Current Characterization in SiC- based Variable Frequency Drive Applications

Variable frequency drive (VFD) motor controllers have many applications in commercial and industrial facilities for pumps, fans, compressors, etc., as well as in electrified transportation. VFDs employ pulse-width modulated (PWM) inverters sending high frequency square wave pulses to the motor for efficient speed and torque control. The high dv/dt PWM inverter output pulses can have adverse effects on the motor including motor insulation stress and damaging bearing currents. These adverse effects in Si-based VFDs have been studied in detail. Next generation power electronics based on wide bandgap (WBG) devices, such as SiC and GaN, have much higher switching frequency, efficiency and power density compared with traditional Si-based power electronics. This paper presents trends in SiC inverter characteristics including rise/fall times (dv/dt), common mode voltages, shaft voltages, bearing currents and damage in SiC vs. Si-based inverters, in addition to circuit models and theoretical analyses. Finite element modeling (FEM) of the bearing is presented, as well as scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of new and pulsed bearing surfaces.
Left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia in a young infant with a structurally normal heart: Clinical course and caveats to electrocardiographic diagnosis.

Abstract In this illustrative case report, we describe a rare case of left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia (LPFVT) in a 2 month-old infant with emphasis on electrocardiographic caveats to diagnosis. The clinical course, treatment, and eventual resolution of the VT over a 2 year follow-up is comprehensively compared and contrasted to a modicum of individual such case reports of infants. The corpus of each such case of infantile LPVT is systematically reviewed and succinctly summarized in a tabular compendium. The collective knowledge compiled here should allow for a refined approach to diagnosis and management of this unusual arrhythmia.
Intrahepatic vascular trauma.

An 18-year-old man presented to the trauma center with four gunshot wounds to the following areas: left lower flank, left lower quadrant of the abdomen, left supraclavicular region and left scapula. The patient was awake but alternated between periods of agitation and lethargy. He had a heart rate of 140 beats/min, a blood pressure of 100/60 mmHg, a respiratory rate of 12 breaths/min, and appeared pale with cool and clammy skin. Breath sounds were clear bilaterally. His left supraclavicular wound did not exhibit any signs of overt bleeding, nor was there an expanding hematoma, and he had a palpable left radial pulse. His abdominal examination was significant for the gunshot wounds as described earlier and tenderness over the left flank. Large bore intravenous access was obtained, and transfusion with whole blood was initiated. A Focused Assessment for the Sonographic Evaluation of the Trauma Patient (FAST) documented a fluid stripe in the right hepatorenal fossa. A foreign body X-ray series was then performed (figure 1). The patient was taken to the operating room where an emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed. A moderate amount of hemoperitoneum and bile staining was noted in the lesser sac. Figure 1 Foreign body series demonstrating retained bullets in the right upper quadrant. The following injuries were noted: (1) anterior and posterior perforations of the stomach, (2) a through-and-through central injury to the left lobe of the liver, (3) a perforation of the right hemidiaphragm and (4) an injury to the edge of the inferior pole of the spleen. The right upper quadrant of the abdomen was packed with laparotomy pads, and this appeared to control the bleeding. The tip of the spleen was inspected again and found to be hemostatic. The gastric injuries were then oversewn with a 3–0 polydioxanone (PDS) suture. Because of a concern about the …
Early parental divorce across the life course: parent–child relationships, women’s drinking, and mental health

This study examines the effects of early parental divorce on multi-dimensional views of parent–child relationships (e.g. support, strain, contact), alcohol consumption, and depressive symptoms amon...
Urban Air Mobility Demand Estimation for Airport Access: A Los Angeles International Airport Case Study

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) or Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) is a concept aerial transportation mode being designed for intracity transport of passengers and cargo utilizing autonomous electric vehicles capable of Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) from dense and congested areas. Airport ground access trips could be among the early adopters of UAM because of the high customer willingness to pay, and substantial time-savings for long-distance or significantly congested access trips. This study aims to estimate demand for UAM in the airport ground access segment of Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). Travel behavior is derived from the airport passenger survey 2019 provided by Los Angeles World Airports (LAWA). A mixed logit model captures the mode-choice behavior that is later modified to include UAM. Total daily originating passenger trips are estimated from the T-100 database. The calibrated model is then applied to calculate the UAM demand. Utilizing the developed UAM demand estimation framework, a feasibility analysis is performed through a series of sensitivity analyses with respect to UAM passenger cost per mile (CPM) and UAM network size (number of vertiports). Furthermore, the Also, UAM demand in specific high-demand corridors (according to the ground access traffic) is analyzed. UAM could capture an estimated 3.6% market share in airport access trips to/from LAX at $2.00 UAM cost per passenger mile, assuming 2.4 passengers per flight (additional to $15 base cost per passenger and $20 landing cost per flight).
Historicizing Management and Organization in Africa

The growth of management scholarship in Africa and the increasing role of history in management and organization (MO) education across the globe necessitate examination of historical events that in...
A physiatrist's understanding and application of the current literature on chronic pelvic pain: a narrative review

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a highly prevalent condition which is underdiagnosed and poorly understood. The purpose of this review is to outline the various aspects of the nature of CPP, including its etiologies, clinical presentation, and nonoperative treatment options. For data collection, a PubMed search was conducted using indexing terms such as chronic pelvic pain and pelvic pain. Literature reviews and studies focusing on etiologies, clinical presentation, and/or the diagnosis of CPP were compiled for review by a team of 3 physiatrists. Studies investigating conservative treatments, medications, and interventional procedures for CPP and related conditions with comparable etiologies were also included. Of the 502 articles retrieved, 116 were deemed suitable by the team for this study. Although CPP is a complex, multifaceted condition, a particular susceptibility to nociceptive stimuli was demonstrated as an underlying theme in its evolution. There are many treatment options currently used; however, more robust evidence, such as randomized controlled trials, are needed before creating comprehensive guidelines for treating CPP.
Pool boiling of a dilute emulsion: Surfactant effect on heat transfer

Abstract We report measurements of boiling heat transfer in a dilute emulsion in the presence of a surfactant on an upward facing flat surface. The emulsion comprises FC 72 droplets in water with Tween 20 as the surfactant at 0, 10, 60 and 100 ppm by volume. Boiling data for the emulsion without surfactant confirms previously observed trends, with an increase in heat transfer coefficient occurring near 80 °C. Boiling with the surfactant does not produce an enhancement of the heat transfer coefficient in both aqueous surfactant mixtures and emulsions with surfactant. Laser diffraction imaging shows that emulsions with different volume fractions of the disperse component have different particle size distributions from the same emulsification process. Mixtures with the surfactant tend to have a tighter particle size distribution with a mean diameter of 2 μm. The similarity of boiling behavior for mixtures of water with Tween 20 and the emulsion with surfactant suggests that the boiling behavior is characterized mostly by interface chemistry unique to the surfactant than to the effect of droplet size distribution.
Is Music the Next eBooks? An Antitrust Analysis of Apple's Conduct in the Music Industry

Over the last twenty years, two waves of technological change have transformed the way people purchase and listen to music. First, digital downloads displaced physical sales of albums. More recently, digital downloads, once the primary way to gain access to digital music, have come to be challenged by streaming services. Apple, a leader in the digital download market with iTunes, has engaged in various strategies to meet the challenge. This paper specifically focuses on two types of conduct – Apple’s pressure on labels to enter into exclusive license agreements, also known as windowing, and Apple’s pressure on the market to abandon streaming options like Spotify’s “freemium” service.This paper conducts an antitrust analysis of windowing in the music industry and also examines the legality of eliminating the advertising-based “free” streaming model. The paper engages in an examination of Section 1 and Section 2 Sherman Act claims against Apple for these exclusionary acts based on parallel exclusion, joint refusal to deal, price maintenance, and monopoly maintenance theories. We believe of greatest concern is the potential elimination of the free advertising based model, which may be a per se violation of the antitrust laws.
Oocyte-Granulosa Cell Interactions

The practice of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) over the past twenty years has sought to reduce the level of complexity of the human reproductive process into its essential elements, namely, follicular stimulation, antral growth, ovulation induction, fertilization in vitro, and embryo replacement into a properly prepared and receptive uterus. Successful outcome, measured by pregnancy rates and live births, has increased progressively and significantly over this period, and in current clinical in vitro fertilization (IVF) practice, experienced programs routinely report pregnancy and live birth rates in excess of 40-to-50%. While clinicians are primarily concerned with the production of fertilizable oocytes and embryos that can be transferred or cryopreserved, it is very apparent from the IVF experience that at follicular aspiration, a proportion of oocytes are meiotically immature or if mature, fail to fertilize. In the same respect, a significant proportion of the resulting embryos are developmentally incompetent despite normal morphology and apparently normal performance in vitro through the preimplantation stages. Because the primary emphasis of clinical IVF continues to focus on oocyte quantity rather than quality per cycle, the intricacies of molecular and cellular interactions that occur within each follicle between the oocyte and granulosa cell compartments are often not well understood or recognized as critical determinants of developmental competence. Therefore, by reducing “physiological” complexity for clinical purposes, the question of whether and how clinical procedures conform to or modify in vivo biology becomes central to understanding the unique potential of each oocyte and embryo generated by IVF. This question becomes of particular relevance in understanding whether current and largely unsuccessful attempts to produce viable human embryos after follicular and oocyte growth from cryopreserved ovarian biopsies, or by maturation in vitro of immature oocytes derived from preantral follicles, actually recognize or consider the physiological complexity of the oocyte growth and maturation process.
CD95 (Fas)-induced Caspase-mediated Proteolysis of NF-κB

Activation of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB transcription factor is instrumental for the immune response and the survival of peripheral activated T cells. We demonstrate that ligation of CD95 (Fas/APO1), a potent apoptotic stimulus in lymphocytes, results in repression of NF-κB activity in Jurkat T cells by inducing the proteolytic cleavage of NF-κB p65 (Rel A) and p50. Inhibition of caspase-3-related proteases by a specific acetylated aldehyde (Ac-DEVD-CHO) prevented CD95-induced cleavage of p65 (RelA) or p50 and restored the inducibility of NF-κB in cells treated with an antibody against CD95. The addition of recombinant caspase-3 also resulted in proteolytic cleavage of RelA p65 and p50 in vitro . TNF-α treatment, unlike CD95 ligation, did not result in the death of Jurkat cells but did so in the presence of IκBαM, a transdominant inhibitor of NF-κB. These results suggest that intact, functional NF-κB maintains the survival of activated T cells, and that CD95-induced cleavage of NF-κB subunits sensitizes T cells to apoptosis and, hence, facilitates the decay of an immune response.
Abundance Patterns of Heavy Elements in Damped Lyα Galaxies

We present a quantitative analysis of the abundances of heavy elements in damped Lyα galaxies in the sample of Lu et al. In particular, we compare the observed gas-phase abundances with those expected when the intrinsic (i.e., nucleosynthetic) pattern is the same as that in either the Sun or in Galactic halo stars and when the depletion pattern is the same as that in the warm Galactic interstellar medium, but with various values of the dust-to-metals ratio. We find that the observations are equally consistent with the solar and halo-star intrinsic patterns and that they favor some depletion, the typical dust-to-metals ratio being 40%-90% of that in the Milky Way today. However, neither intrinsic pattern matches the observations perfectly. For the solar pattern, the discrepancy is mainly with [Mn/Fe], while for the halo-star pattern, the discrepancy is with [Zn/Fe], [Ni/Fe], and possibly [Al/Fe]. Our analysis does not support the claim by Lu et al. that the damped Lyα galaxies have halo-star abundance patterns and no dust depletion.
Theory of overlap functions (I). Single particle sum rules and centre-of-mass corrections

Abstract Model-independent relations are obtained between the overlap functions defined by projecting onto one another, states of nuclei differing by one particle. Exact partial sum rules for spectroscopic factors obtained from one-nucleon transfer reactions on non-zero spin target nuclei are derived, and some applications to experiments on 2s 1 2 . and 1f 7 2 neutron transfer are considered. A straightforward derivation is given of the 1/A corrections to the sum rules including the correction to the total single particle sum rule of MacFarlane and French. It is shown that the corrections are not negligible for light nuclei, and the ways in which they affect the interpretation of knock-out reactions in the 1p shell and transfer reactions on 16O and 40Ca are discussed.
Molecules at Rest

In recent years, much progress has been made in producing and manipulating ultracold atoms in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). But, as Williams and Julienne explain in this Perspective, molecules are poor candidates for the laser cooling techniques commonly used to produce BECs. Many groups are trying to devise techniques for making ultracold molecules. A technique reported by Wynar et al. (page 1016) has allowed the first observation of molecule formation in a BEC, and may ultimately be able to produce a pure molecular condensate.
Effects of low and elevated CO2 on C3 and C4 annuals. I. Growth and biomass allocation

In order study C3 and C4 plant growth in atmospheric CO2 levels ranging from past through predicted future levels, Abutilon theophrasti (C3) and Amaranthus retroflexus (C4) were grown from seed in growth chambers controlled at CO2 partial pressures of 15 Pa (below Pleistocene minimum), 27 Pa (pre-industrial), 35 Pa (current) and 70 Pa (predicted future). After 35 days of growth, CO2 had no effect on the relative growth rate, total biomass or partitioning of biomass in the C4 species. However, the C3 species had greater biomass accumulation with increasing CO2 partial pressure. C3 plants grown in 15 Pa CO2 for 35 days had only 8% of the total biomass of plants grown in 35 Pa CO2, C3 plants had lower relative growth rates and lower specific leaf mass than plants grown in higher CO2 partial pressures, and aborted reproduction. C3 plants grown in 70 Pa CO2 had greater root mass and root-to-shoot ratios than plants grown in lower CO2 partial pressures. These findings, support other studies that show C3 plant growth is more responsive to CO2 partial pressure than C4 plant growth. Differences in growth responses to CO2 levels of the Pleistocene through the future suggest that competitive interactions of C3 and C4 annuals have changed through geologic time. This study also provided evidence that C3 annuals may be operating near a minimum CO2 partial pressure for growth and reproduction at 15 Pa CO2.
Where Did All the Liquidity Go

During the boom that preceded the economic collapse of 2007-2009, the expression “the world is awash in liquidity” was frequently heard when speakers described the state of the economy. The expression meant that money was freely available to almost any borrower. The list of suitable borrowers included sub-prime home purchasers, private equity firms paying more than the “normal” premium for a corporate buyout, and seriously ill companies trying to refinance their way out of default. Money was there for everybody and the loan terms (interest rates, covenants, and repayment requirements) were extraordinarily pro debtor. Even more remarkable was the way the premium for risk had vanished. In the search for yield, the spread over Treasury bonds for even high-risk securities became de minimis. From a high of nearly 15% over the Treasury bond rate in 1989 when the junk bond market collapsed, the rate fell in 2007 to as low as 1% over Treasury’s. The purpose of this paper is to provide an explanation of how so much money was available and how the supply of funds has since dried up.
Administrative Procedure and the Decline of the Trial

This contribution to a special issue on “The History of the Trial” begins with the premise that the rise of administrative agencies is an essential part of that history. Since their emergence in the latter part of the nineteenth century, administrative agencies have assumed an increasingly important role in the legal regulation of economic and social activity, supplanting many of the functions previously performed by other governmental institutions, particularly the courts. To be sure, legal causes of action providing the basis for judicial trials have proliferated and there are more judges, courts, and cases than ever before, but this growth has been dwarfed by the expansion of administrative agencies, which decide cases and issues that would otherwise have been subject to trial in the courts.Early on, most significant administrative adjudications involved relatively formal adversarial proceedings that closely resembled trials. But the expansion of the administrative state has been accompanied by a metamorphosis in the administrative procedures through which agencies make legal decisions. Alternative and less formal procedures that bear little resemblance to traditional trials have emerged as a pragmatic response to the realities of the modern administrative state. A variety of factors influenced this evolution, including the nature of the issues that agencies resolve, the kinds of information and input necessary to make those decisions, and the sheer quantity of decisions that need to be made. The judiciary has accommodated, if not encouraged, this procedural evolution by according agencies broad discretion over the choice of procedures and declining to impose significant constitutional or statutory constraints on that choice.This article examines the evolution of administrative procedures with an eye toward the implications of this evolution for legal procedures generally. We discuss the growth of the administrative state and the factors fueling the evolution of administrative procedure. We then examine two basic trends that have shaped this evolution, the rise of rulemaking as a means of establishing policy without individualized adjudications and the emergence of informal, nonadversarial procedures in adjudications. The use of rulemaking and other informal procedures has many practical advantages that appear to justify the movement away from the formal procedures associated with trials. Still, this movement has not been without its costs. The fact that administrative procedures no longer promote some of the values associated with trials - particularly educational and participatory values - may contribute to the unease with which Americans view the administrative state. Nevertheless, the answer is not to reverse the trend towards more informal procedures in administrative law. Rather, it is to find ways to promote values served by trials, including education and participation, without sacrificing the efficiency of the administrative process.