cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Large Eddy Simulation of Flow and Heat Transfer in the 180‐Deg Bend Region of a Stationary Gas Turbine Blade Ribbed Internal Cooling Duct

Large eddy simulation of the 180 deg bend in a stationary ribbed duct is presented. The domain studied includes three ribs upstream of the bend region and three ribs downstream of the bend with an outflow extension added to the end, using a total of 8.4 million cells. Two cases are compared to each other: one includes a rib in the bend and the other does not. The friction factor, mean flow, turbulence, and heat transfer are compared in the two cases to help explain the benefits and disadvantages of the wide number of flow effects seen in the bend, including flow separation at the tip of the dividing wall, counterrotating Dean vortices, high heat transfer at areas of flow impingement, and flow separation at the upstream and downstream corners of the bend. Mean flow results show a region of separated flow at the tip of the dividing region in the case with no rib in the bend, but no separation region is observed in the case with a rib. A pair of counterrotating Dean vortices in the middle of the bend is observed in both cases. Turbulent kinetic energy profiles show a 30% increase in the midplane of the bend when the rib is added. High gradients of heat transfer augmentation are observed on the back wall and downstream outside wall, where mean flow impingement occurs. This heat transfer is increased with the presence of a rib. Including a rib in the bend increases the friction factor in the bend by 80%, and it increases the heat transfer augmentation by approximately 20%, resulting in a trade-off between pressure drop and heat transfer.
Herbaceous Versus Forested Riparian Vegetation: Narrow and Simple Versus Wide, Woody and Diverse Stream Habitat

We investigated interactions of riparian vegetative conditions upon a suite of channel morphological variables: active channel width, variability of width within a reach, large wood frequency, mesoscale habitat distributions, mesoscale habitat diversity, median particle size and per cent fines. We surveyed 49 wadeable streams, 45 with low levels of development, throughout the Upper Little Tennessee River Basin in the Southern Appalachians. Conversion of riparian forest to grass has reduced aquatic habitat area (quantified by active channel width), channel width variability, wood frequency, mesoscale habitat diversity and obstruction habitat (wood and rock jams), and such conversion has increased the fraction of run and glide habitat. Channels with grassy riparian zones were only one-third to three-fifths of the width of channels with forested riparian zones, and channels with grassy or narrow forested riparian zones were nearly devoid of wood. Particle size metrics were strongly affected by stream power and agricultural cover in the basin, but the data suggest that elimination of riparian forest reduces median bed particle size. Results indicate that even modest increases in the extent and width of forested riparian buffers would improve stream habitat conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Whither generic recovery from application faults? A fault study using open-source software

We test the hypothesis that generic recovery techniques, such as process pairs, can survive most application faults without using application-specific information. We examine in detail the faults that occur in three, large, open-source applications: the Apache Web server, the GNOME desktop environment and the MySQL database. Using information contained in the bug reports and source code, we classify faults based on how they depend on the operating environment. We find that 72-87% of the faults are independent of the operating environment and are hence deterministic (non-transient). Recovering from the failures caused by these faults requires the use of application-specific knowledge. Half of the remaining faults depend on a condition in the operating environment that is likely to persist on retry, and the failures caused by these faults are also likely to require application-specific recovery. Unfortunately, only 5-14% of the faults were triggered by transient conditions, such as timing and synchronization, that naturally fix themselves during recovery. Our results indicate that classical application-generic recovery techniques, such as process pairs, will not be sufficient to enable applications to survive most failures caused by application faults.
Rehashing Tired Claims About Prostitution: A Response to Farley and Raphael and Shapiro

I identified several methodological problems in the three articles I reviewed. In her reply, Farley (2005 [this issue]) argues that her methods are sound, in part because her studies have been replicated by others. However, many of her citations are to her own coauthored articles. And the fact that a study has been replicated says nothing about the quality of the procedures used. It is quite possible to replicate a flawed study, reaching similarly flawed conclusions. To show that her findings on victimization are not unique, Farley (2005) provides figures from other sources. Some of these are taken from staunch antiprostitution, radical feminist organizations, such as WHISPER in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and its director Evelina Giobbe and the Council on Prostitution Alternatives (CPA) in Portland, Oregon (Farley, 2004; Farley et al., 2003). In her study of CPA, Nanette Davis (2000) concludes with the following critique:
Safety and feasibility of elective minimally invasive video‐assisted central neck dissection for thyroid carcinoma

Background. Minimally invasive video-assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) is accepted as treatment for select patients with thyroid carcinoma. We report both benefits and limitations of elective central neck dissection performed with the MIVAT technique. Methods. Patients undergoing elective central neck dissec- tion with MIVAT during November 2006 to October 2009 were studied retrospectively. Outcomes included complications and recurrence rates. Results. In all, 28 patients were studied. There were no recurrences, with median follow-up of 14 months. Eleven patients (39%) had positive central lymph nodes for metasta- ses. No permanent hypocalcemia resulted, although 3 patients (10.7%) experienced transient hypocalcemia on postoperative day 1 (Ca <8 mg/dL). No permanent hypoparathyroidism resulted, although 7 patients (25%) had transient hypopara- thyroidism (postanesthesia care unit parathyroid hormone (PTH) <8 mg/dL) treated with short-term supplementation. Transient recurrent laryngeal nerve paresis occurred in 1 patient (3.6%). At the most recent check, 91% of patients had low/undetectable (<1 ng/mL) thyroglobulin. Conclusions. Elective central neck dissection performed with MIVAT is a safe and feasible procedure in our institutional experience. V
Potentially inappropriate anticholinergic medication use in older adults with dementia

Abstract Objective To examine the prevalence and predictors of potentially inappropriate anticholinergic medication use in older adults with dementia. Design A cross-sectional study. Setting United States, 2009–2010. Participants Medical Expenditure Panel Survey participants aged 65years or older identified as having dementia. Main outcome measures Prevalence and predictors of potentially inappropriate anticholinergic medication use as per the updated 2012 American Geriatrics Society Beers criteria. Results A total of 3.78 million older adult patients (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.17 million to 4.38 million) were identified as having dementia, for an overall prevalence of 4.81%. Of those patients, an estimated 1.02 million (95% CI 0.70 million to 1.30 million) were reported to use potentially inappropriate anticholinergic medications, for an overall prevalence of 26.95% (95% CI 20.10% to 33.79%). The most frequently prescribed drugs were oxybutynin, solifenacin, paroxetine, tolterodine, promethazine, and cyclobenzaprine. Multivariable logistic analysis revealed that patients with the need characteristics of self-reported anxiety, mood disorders, and "fair/poor" general health status had increased odds of potentially inappropriate anticholinergic use, while patients with the predisposing characteristic of being aged 75–84 years had decreased odds of potentially inappropriate anticholinergic use. Conclusion More than one in four older adults with dementia were found to use potentially inappropriate anticholinergics. Given the adverse cognitive effects of these medications, there is a strong need to monitor and optimize their use in older adult patients with dementia.
The Convergence of Electronic Business and Knowledge Management

Just like knowledge management, electronic business has rapidly risen to become a major phenomenon over the past decade. Although they have blazed mostly independent trails with little interaction, there is a convergence on the horizon. This chapter examines the foundations for understanding this convergence of e-business and knowledge management. It presents a five-fold taxonomy that accommodates various e-business, e-commerce, and c-commerce perspectives. Based on observed relationships among the taxonomy’s categories, a single integrated perspective on e-business/c-commerce/e-commerce is advanced, leading to a KM characterization of e-business/c-commerce/e-commerce that explicitly recognizes knowledge, plus processes and technologies for managing it. We contend that the convergence inherent in this knowledge-oriented perspective of e-business is beneficial in furnishing a common, organized, and unified foundation for understanding and managing future electronic organizations in the knowledge economy.
A Dynamic Shift-Share Analysis of Economic Growth in West Virginia

A regional economy consists of industries with a variety of economic potentials. A growth or decline in any of these sectors affects the overall growth of the economy. Analysis of economic growth by sector of a particular region helps policy makers, community leaders and researchers in better decision making and problem solving. This study analyzes the employment growth pattern and policy implications in the economic development of West Virginia using a dynamic shift share analysis. The study uses employment data for 38 years from 1970 to 2007 for the empirical analysis. Results indicate that agriculture, mining and manufacturing are no longer the backbone of the economy of West Virginia. The three sectors showed employment declined within the 38-year period. Service and financial insurance and real estate are the most robust sectors contributing 91% of employment growth from 1970 to 2007. Apart from these two sectors, the wholesale and retail and construction sectors showed positive economic growth. Identification of investment priorities within these potential sectors and implementation of a comprehensive regional development policy plan would definitely accelerate the economic growth of West Virginia. Key Words: Dynamic shift-share, employment, economic growth, West Virginia
A Method of Measuring Tracheal Ventilation in Insects and Some Results Obtained with Grasshoppers.

This method of measuring the amount of tracheal ventilation produced by the respiratory movements of some insects consists of enclosing the head and thorax of an insect in one chamber and the abdomen in an adjoining chamber. The insect is sealed into the tube that connects the two chambers. The air forced from one chamber into the other through the tracheal system of the insect is then measured.
THE ADAPTIVE AND PHYLOGENETIC SIGNIFICANCE OF VERTEBRAL FORM IN SNAKES

Studies of the origin and subsequent evolution of the snakes are severely limited by the nature of the fossil remains of this group. As the fragile skull is seldom recovered, knowledge of the history of snakes must be gleaned from the infrequent finds of scattered vertebrae and from speculations upon the modern fauna. The necessary concentration upon vertebral anatomy in the study of the record. has resulted in an imposing vocabulary, but has yet to reveal any information that may be usefully applied to an understanding of the relationships between the various sub-groups as they appear today. Examination of the modern fauna has not fully clarified the relationships of major groups since evidence from the skull, musculature and scalation has given rise to conflicting opinions dependent upon the kind of morphological data studied. These difficulties are most certainly the -consequence of studying an animal whose high degree of specialization obscures an underlying continuity. To unravel phylogeny from last minute specialization, we seek stable characters. The relative stability of the vertebral column in the history of other groups recommends this system for such a study. Further, a review of the vertebral characteristics of modern snakes is primary to an interpretation of their record, such as it is. The present study is a partial analysis of the variation in the form of the vertebrae of snakes and an attempt to associate particular patterns of variation with mode
Food allergy prevalence and management at an overnight summer camp

Abstract Background In recent years, increased awareness of food allergy management has focused on the school setting. A lack of awareness and relevant literature prompted evaluation of the camp experience. Objective To characterize the prevalence of food allergies among children attending an overnight summer camp and to evaluate the knowledge and comfort of camp personnel before and after a training session. Methods The database for the 2014 season at Flying Horse Farms was reviewed for information pertaining to food allergies and provision of epinephrine and treatment plans. Camp personnel completed surveys regarding food allergy knowledge and comfort. Surveys were redistributed 30 days after the training session. Results Among 445 campers, 15% reported at least one food allergy, with 8.5% reporting allergy to 1 of the top 8 food allergens. Only 32% of campers with food allergy supplied an epinephrine autoinjector, and 0% provided written treatment plans. Before training, 84% of personnel desired additional information about food allergies. Knowledge of food allergies among personnel was high at baseline but increased after training in regard to epinephrine use for anaphylaxis and postepinephrine management. Staffers who reported feeling very comfortable caring for campers with food allergy increased from 16% to 46% after the training session; comfort in treating a food allergy emergency increased from 2% to 29%. Conclusion Management of food allergies at overnight summer camps warrants similar education and preparation strategies as those implemented in schools. Camp personnel should receive annual training regarding food allergies and anaphylaxis.
Metastable Electronic Effects in Amorphous Semiconductor Superlattices

This paper reviews some of the novel electronic effects observed in amorphous semiconductor superlattices. Quantum size effects have been reported in compositionally modulated amorphous semiconductors based upon optical absorption and tunneling studies. However, the quantum well effects are in direct conflict with transport data estimates of the inelastic scattering length. In doping modulated amorphous semiconductors, a large persistent photoconductivity PPC is observed, which cannot be explained by the field separation model alone, but rather requires the presence of a defect which undergoes a large lattice relaxation upon trapping a charge (similar to the DX center). Studies of npnp amorphous silicon multilayers have enabled a microscopic determination of the process responsible for PPC.
Division of the bronchus: an approach to the intraoperative management of difficult lymphadenopathy

Background: A minimally invasive approach to lung cancer resection offers many benefits over traditional open surgery. Reasons for increased difficulty and conversion from thoracoscopic to open surgery have been studied and include abnormal hilar or interlobar lymphadenopathy. Methods: We present a case of adherent lymphadenopathy complicating dissection of the truncus anterior branch of the pulmonary artery during thoracoscopic left upper lobectomy. Results: We show one approach to the management of difficult lymphadenopathy and pulmonary arterial isolation, that of division without closure of the lobar bronchus to allow superior access to the branches of the pulmonary artery, followed by stapled closure of the bronchus. Conclusions: While adherent lymphadenopathy is a vexing problem in thoracoscopic lobectomy, minimally invasive approaches are safe and effective. We show that division of the bronchus can improve exposure and allow safe dissection to proceed.
Recent CMB Observations (Invited)

The past year has seen very dramatic progress in the observational study of the CMB anisotropy. New results include the first detection of polarization anisotropy of the CMB by DASIPOL; extensive sky coverage from the ARCHEOPS balloon experiment; and very high angular resolution data from CBI and ACBAR. But the most significant new data are the first year results from the WMAP satellite, which cover 100% of the sky in 5 bands from 23 to 94 GHz with angular resolutions up to 13′.
Radical Ideology, Popular Politics and Parliamentary Reform

In stressing the legal, open and constitutional character of the United Irishmen and of the Catholic Committee during the first half of the 1790s, historians have, by implication, underestimated the seriousness of the crises of 1792–3. They have failed to grasp the political extremism of protagonists on all sides. As a logical corollary of this too stark a contrast has been drawn between the earlier period and the overtly revolutionary years from 1795 to the 1798 rebellion. Catholics and radicals made a concerted appeal to a popular constituency before 1795, and the ‘constitutional’ phase needs to be re-examined in that light.1 As the great wave of catholic agitation subsided, political tensions were sustained by an intensifying campaign for parliamentary reform. On 13 March, 1793, Under-Secretary Cooke reported to Whitehall, ‘We have been on the eve of rebellion these three months and nothing but the forces of the establishment has saved us’2
Molecular mechanisms of copper homeostasis in yeast

Copper ions play critical roles as electron transfer intermediates in various redox reactions. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has served as a valuable model to study copper metabolism in eukaryotic cells. The systems for copper homeostasis; including the uptake, cytoplasmic trafficking, and metabolism in intracellular organelles, detoxification, and regulation of these systems have been characterized. Most of the molecular components for copper metabolism identified in yeast are functionally and structurally conserved in mammals. These findings have underscored the importance of evolving delicate mechanisms to utilize copper. Studies on copper metabolism in yeast certainly have opened up interesting and important research avenues that have shed light on the molecular details of copper metabolism and the physiological roles of copper.
An Archaeological Survey of the Painted Rocks Reservoir Western Arizona

ABSTRACTDuring December, 1957, the National Park Service undertook a survey of the proposed Painted Rocks Reservoir area near Gila Bend, Arizona to determine the amount of archaeological material that might be destroyed by construction activities and water impoundment. A number of sites of the Hohokam and Hakataya cultures were recorded, the latter representing groups ancestral to the historic Maricopas and Kaveltcadom. Archaeological salvage excavation, recommended for a number of sites, was undertaken by the Arizona State Museum under contract with the National Park Service.
Message and Non-Message Elements in Advertising: Does Involvement Matter?

Recent research in attitude formation and change suggests a dichotomy of processing strategies upon exposure to a communication, predicated on consumer involvement level (Petty and Cacioppo 1979; Chaiken 1980). Research in Social Psychology has also shown attitude formation to be a function of the interaction of message characteristics with involvement level (Johnson and Scileppi 1969; Rhine and Severance 1970). The current study examines the linkage between involvement levels and the processing of message and non-message elements in a communication, building on research streams in Marketing and Social Psychology.
Race as a Physiosocial Phenomenon

This paper offers both a criticism of and a novel alternative perspective on current ontologies that take race to be something that is either static and wholly evident at one's birth or preformed prior to it. In it I survey and critically assess six of the most popular conceptions of race, concluding with an outline of my own suggestion for an alternative account. I suggest that race can be best understood in terms of one's experience of his or her body, one's interactions with other individuals, and one's experiences within particular cultures and societies. This embeddedness of human experience has been left out of most discussions of race which tie race to a set of characteristics (either biologically or sociologically defined). To rectify this omission, I articulate what I call the "physiosocial" view of race. This emphasizes the situatedness of human experience, the reciprocal and dynamic nature of the racial identities of individuals and groups. Approaching racial identity in this way entails a union of two historically uncomfortable partners: biological and sociological conceptions of race. If successful, this philosophical stance may illuminate the process of racial self-ascription as well as provide an explanation for the potential changeability of an individual's racial identity at different times and at different places.
Using blended learning strategies in teaching mixed methods research: A case in Hong Kong

This paper discusses the pedagogical strategies of blended learning to teach Hong Kong school teachers mixed methods research. The authors examine the implications of blending traditional teaching and more updated learning strategies with e-Learning, small group work, peer interaction, and role plays, to increase student comprehension and execution of mixed methods research. The authors utilize a case study to illustrate the blended approach in teaching mixed methods research.
Prevalence of ADHD and Methylphenidate Usage

An analysis of data obtained from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS), 1990-1995, for children aged 5 through 18 years, was performed at Washington State University, to discern trends in the prevalence of US office-based visits for ADHD and for prescriptions of stimulant medications, including methylphenidate (MPH), for ADHD treatment.
Linear-quadratic-Gaussian problem for a new class of singularly perturbed stochastic systems

This paper addresses the numerical solution of the linear-quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) for a new class of singularly perturbed (SP) system using fixed-point recursive algorithms. Traditionally, SP systems have been studied for one vector input controlling both slow and fast subsystems. We show that the LQG problem can be solved efficiently for systems containing two vector inputs governing the slow and fast subsystems independently. The recursive algorithm solution helps avoid numerical stiffness problems that can arise by solving the regulator and/or filter continuous algebraic Riccati equations (CAREs) using established methods. In addition, the solutions given in terms of reduced-order Lyapunov equations and CAREs simplify controller and Kalman filter designs.
Synthesis and charcterization of diblock copolymers containaing monothio-orthoester functions using raft polymerization

The acyclic and cyclic monothio-orthoester monomers were synthesized by modification of aromatic monomers containing dithioester function in the side chain. Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was employed for the preparation of polymers containing a dithioester end as macro-chain transfer agents (macro-CTA) using 4-benzyl methyldithiobenzoate (BMDTB) as chain transfer agent (CTA) and 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. A series of diblock copolymers were prepared by RAFT copolymerization of MVDTB, MMMS and MVPOCO, using the different macro-chain transfer agents (macro-CTA) and AIBN as initiator. All polymerizations were carried out at 60 °C for 24 or 30 hours in dry THF. Homopolymers and diblock copolymers are characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, IR, SEC, DSC and TGA.
The Homogeneous Complex Monge-Ampère Equation and the Infinite Dimensional Versions of Classic Symmetric Spaces

The homogeneous complex Monge-Ampere equation (HCMA) arises very naturally in several complex variables, in part because of its invariance under biholomorphic changes of coordinates. I shall describe here some correspondences between its solutions, special families of mappings and submanifolds in finite-dimensional holomorphic symplectic manifolds, and curves and surfaces in certain infinite-dimensional locally symmetric spaces.
Stability criteria for nanocrystalline alloys

Abstract Alloying nanocrystalline materials to stabilize them against grain growth is proving a critical enabling strategy for the processing and usage of bulk nanocrystalline parts. Alloying elements that segregate strongly to grain boundaries can lead to a preference for nanocrystalline structure, and to be most stable the grain boundary segregated state would need to be preferred to forming any other phase or solute configuration, including a solid solution, ordered compounds, or solute precipitates. In this paper, a stability criterion is developed by comparing the enthalpy of the grain boundary segregated state against such stable bulk phases. This enthalpic criterion is also translated into a lattice model framework to enable the use of Monte Carlo simulations to incorporate entropic and geometric effects in assessing nanocrystalline stability. Monte Carlo simulations show that entropy can play a role in stabilizing nanocrystalline states, leading to duplex structures, and also in forming a grain boundary network preferentially over a disordered or amorphous-like bulk phase.
Polyphenotypic Psoriasis: A Report from the GRAPPA 2016 Annual Meeting

Recent groundbreaking therapies for psoriasis target specific pathways that drive this systemic inflammatory disease. However, patients with nonplaque psoriasis phenotypes often do not qualify for these therapies and are currently undertreated because of the criteria used during the development of novel agents. We propose use of the phrase "polyphenotypic psoriasis" to describe both plaque and nonplaque subtypes, as well as single and multiple phenotype involvement in individual patients. The goal of using the phrase "polyphenotypic psoriasis" is to remind clinicians about the heterogeneous manifestations of psoriasis in addition to chronic plaque psoriasis.
The Role of the Service Sector in the Indian Economy

Service sector also recognized as tertiary or residual sector is indispensable for economic development in any economy including India. It has developed as the main and fastest-growing sector in the global economy in the last three decades. The present study makes an analysis of service sector in Indian economy. The paper also makes an analysis of Indian services sector through examining its growth and contributions in the economy. The paper also highlights reform measures that will enable the services sector to not only to grow at a fast pace but also create quality employment and attract investment. The study confirms that services sector has grown at the significant rate in comparison to other sectors. Its growth rate is found to be higher than growth of overall GDP. Rising share of this sector in GDP over covers the poor performance of agriculture sector. As a service, sub-sector, trade is dominant all in terms of its contribution in Indian GDP. The employment percentage in service sector as well as in industry sector is rising while in agriculture, it is falling continuously. A large proportion of Indian population is still engaged in agriculture sector and the next largest employer is service sector where trade, hotels & restaurants and community, social & personal services are the significant generator of employment. Thus, service sector which is dominant in terms of its growth & shares serves as an engine of growth for Indian economy. It is important for a developing country like India with a large and young population to generate quality employment and move up the value chain. India needs private investments in key infrastructure services such as transport, energy and telecommunications.
Transform-Sensing Array Based on Wavelets

Transform sensing is proposed to sense the space through certain beam patterns designed for a transformation basis. The received signals will be the result of transformation instead of the original raw data. In doing so, the process of generating an arbitrary beam pattern on the phased array and multiple-input multiple-output is described. We further propose a transform-sensing mechanism using wavelets, and compare it with traditional sensing methods. Simulations and experiments demonstrate how to generate the transmission patterns and sense through the transform-sensing mechanism. The results show that transform sensing obtains high-resolution data on the target area, while spending less time on nontarget ones that need low resolutions. In this way, the new sensing mechanism generates a multiresolution result, which balances resolution and sensing efficiency.
Broadband embedded substrate noise measurement for RF/Microwave ICs

In this paper, a down conversion-based embedded substrate noise measurement up to 20 GHz is presented in detail. This on-chip measurement method utilizes a down conversion mixer and shows a measurement range from less than-60 dBm to greater than 2 dBm. Special test structures and measurement circuit were designed and fabricated in a BiCMOS 180nm-technology with a high-resistivity substrate. A semi-physical equivalent circuit model based on experimentally determined data is proposed and has been verified by embedded measurements. Error analysis will be reported later.
Verapamil is a potential therapy for hypoglycaemic brain injury.

Hypoglycaemia-induced morbidity and mortality has emerged as one of the major unintended consequences of efforts to achieve optimal glucose control in individuals with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus. A study by Jackson and colleagues offers novel insights into therapies to mitigate the adverse consequences hypoglycaemic events have on the central nervous system.
Introductory Remarks to the Session on Sea-Surface Fluxes

It is of course difficult indeed to make a few enlightening and nontrivial remarks to a group of active workers in the area of air-sea interaction. Rather, it devolves upon me to state a few obvious truths, to remind ourselves of a few facts and relationships that we all agree upon, but which most speakers find unnecessary to state because they are accepted or really belong in some neighboring area of science which we are not directly concerned with at this meeting. I shall be short, but will still remind you of the obvious.
Amphibian metamorphosis: a complex program of gene expression changes controlled by the thyroid hormone.

Publisher Summary Thyroid hormone (TH) is the inducer or causal agent of the phenomenon of metamorphosis in amphibians. This chapter discusses the three phases to the general approach that treats metamorphosis as a series of changes in gene expression: (1) isolate TH-induced up and down-regulated genes, (2) identify the genes by similarity to known genes in the data base, and (3) ascertain their role in metamorphosis by a functional assay. The up-regulation of genes by TH is clearly a much more important event than the down-regulation judged by the number of responding genes and the extent and reproducibility of the regulation. In a study described in the chapter, each of the screens of tail, intestine, and cultured cells found multiple cDNA fragments that mapped to the same gene, demonstrating that the number of up-regulated genes is limited in these tissues. There are two correlations to which each regulated gene is subjected to assess its role in metamorphosis: (1) the gene should not be regulatable until the tadpole becomes competent to respond to the hormone, and (2) the gene should be regulated during spontaneous metamorphosis.
Children Activity Recognition: Challenges and Strategies

In this paper, we study the problem of children activity recognition using smartwatch devices. We introduce the need for a robust children activity model and challenges involved. To address the problem, we employ two deep neural network models, specifically, Bi-Directional LSTM model and a fully connected deep network and compare the results to commonly used models in the area. We demonstrate that our proposed deep models can significantly improve results compared to baseline models. We further show benefits of activity intensity level detection in health monitoring and verify high performance of our proposed models in this task.
Bisphenol F has different effects on preadipocytes differentiation and weight gain in adult mice as compared with Bisphenol A and S.

Abstract Bisphenol S (2,2-bisulfone, BPS) and Bisphenol F (2,2-bis [4-hydroxyphenol]methane, BPF) are analogs of Bisphenol A (2,2-bis[4-hydroxyphenyl]propane, BPA), a widely used endocrine disrupting compound present in polycarbonate plastics, thermal receipts and epoxy resins that line food cans. Here we examined effects of BPA, BPS, and BPF in low concentrations on differentiation in murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. We also fed adult male mice chow with one of three doses of BPF (0, 0.5, 5, 50 mg/kg chow, or approximately 0.044, 0.44 and 4.4 mg/kg body weight per day) for 12 weeks, collected body weights, food intake, and tested for glucose tolerance. The doses of BPF used produced mean concentrations of 0, 6.2, 43.6, and 561 ng/mL in plasma. In 3T3-L1 cells BPS had the greatest effects, along with BPA, both increased expression of several genes required for preadipocyte differentiation over 12 days in culture. In contrast, BPF decreased expression of several genes late in differentiation. This dichotomy was also reflected in lipid accumulation as BPA and BPS treated cells had elevated lipid concentrations compared to controls or cells treated with BPF. Male mice fed either the highest or lowest concentrations of BPF gained less weight than controls with no effects on glucose levels or glucose tolerance. Plasma levels of BPF reflected doses in food with no overlap between doses. In summary, our results suggest that BPS has a strong potential to be obesogenic while effects of BPF are subtler and potentially in the opposite direction.
Tight Kernel Query Complexity of Kernel Ridge Regression and Kernel $k$-means Clustering

We present tight lower bounds on the number of kernel evaluations required to approximately solve kernel ridge regression (KRR) and kernel $k$-means clustering (KKMC) on $n$ input points. For KRR, our bound for relative error approximation to the minimizer of the objective function is $\Omega(nd_{\mathrm{eff}}^\lambda/\varepsilon)$ where $d_{\mathrm{eff}}^\lambda$ is the effective statistical dimension, which is tight up to a $\log(d_{\mathrm{eff}}^\lambda/\varepsilon)$ factor. For KKMC, our bound for finding a $k$-clustering achieving a relative error approximation of the objective function is $\Omega(nk/\varepsilon)$, which is tight up to a $\log(k/\varepsilon)$ factor. Our KRR result resolves a variant of an open question of El Alaoui and Mahoney, asking whether the effective statistical dimension is a lower bound on the sampling complexity or not. Furthermore, for the important practical case when the input is a mixture of Gaussians, we provide a KKMC algorithm which bypasses the above lower bound.
Outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients admitted to the medical intensive care unit.

7035 Background: Outcome results for hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) and prognosis is infrequently reported during recent years, especially ...
PROMISE (Program Refinements to Optimize Model Impact and Scalability based on Evidence): a cluster-randomised, stepped-wedge trial assessing effectiveness of the revised versus original Ryan White Part A HIV Care Coordination Programme for patients with barriers to treatment in the USA

Introduction Growing evidence supports combining social, behavioural and biomedical strategies to strengthen the HIV care continuum. However, combination interventions can be resource-intensive and challenging to scale up. Research is needed to identify intervention components and delivery models that maximise uptake, engagement and effectiveness. In New York City (NYC), a multicomponent Ryan White Part A-funded medical case management intervention called the Care Coordination Programme (CCP) was launched at 28 agencies in 2009 in order to address barriers to care and treatment. Effectiveness estimates based on >7000 clients enrolled by April 2013 and their controls indicated modest CCP benefits over ‘usual care’ for short-term and long-term viral suppression, with substantial room for improvement. Methods and analysis Integrating evaluation findings and CCP service-provider and community-stakeholder input on modifications, the NYC Health Department packaged a Care Coordination Redesign (CCR) in a 2017 request for proposals. Following competitive re-solicitation, 17 of the original CCP-implementing agencies secured contracts. These agencies were randomised within matched pairs to immediate or delayed CCR implementation. Data from three 9-month periods (pre-implementation, partial implementation and full implementation) will be examined to compare CCR versus CCP effects on timely viral suppression (TVS, within 4 months of enrolment) among individuals with unsuppressed HIV viral load newly enrolling in the CCR/CCP. Based on current enrolment (n=933) and the pre-implementation outcome probability (TVS=0.54), the detectable effect size with 80% power is an OR of 2.75 (relative risk: 1.41). Ethics and dissemination This study was approved by the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene Institutional Review Board (IRB, Protocol 18–009) and the City University of New York Integrated IRB (Protocol 018–0057) with a waiver of informed consent. Findings will be disseminated via publications, conferences, stakeholder meetings, and Advisory Board meetings with implementing agency representatives. Trial registration number Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier: NCT03628287, V.2, 25 September 2019; pre-results.
Naturalistic Pain Synthesis for Virtual Patients

Within the clinical education community, there is a desire to improve learners’ pain observation skills. Virtual patients can be used as a training tool for this purpose. In this paper, we present a pioneering approach for synthesizing naturalistic pain on virtual patients. Using the UNBC-McMaster pain archive and a CLM-based face tracker, we performed naturalistic pain synthesis. We conducted an experiment to validate our synthesis approach and compared it to manual methods that use FACS-trained animators. Our results suggest that our approach was effective, and yielded higher pain labeling accuracies compared to manually animated painful faces. This research offers a new tool to both the virtual patient and clinical education communities.
DeepPPPred: An Ensemble of BERT, CNN, and RNN for Classifying Co-mentions of Proteins and Phenotypes

The biomedical literature provides an extensive source of information in the form of unstructured text. One of the most important types of information hidden in biomedical literature is the relationships between human proteins and their phenotypes, which, due to the exponential growth of publications, can remain hidden. This provides a range of opportunities for the development of computational methods to extract the biomedical relationships from the unstructured text. In our previous work, we developed a supervised machine learning approach, called PPPred, for classifying the validity of a given sentence-level human protein-phenotype co-mention. In this work, we propose DeepPPPred, an ensemble classifier composed of PPPred and three deep neural network models: RNN, CNN, and BERT. Using an expanded gold-standard co-mention dataset, we demonstrate that the proposed ensemble method significantly outperforms its constituent components and provides a new state-of-the-art performance on classifying the co-mentions of human proteins and phenotype terms.
Predicting the readability of physicians’ secure messages to improve health communication using novel linguistic features: Findings from the ECLIPPSE study

Background: Low literacy skills impact important aspects of communication, including health-related information exchanges. Unsuccessful communication on the part of physician or patient contributes...
Deep Learning for Regularization Prediction in Diffeomorphic Image Registration.

This paper presents a predictive model for estimating regularization parameters of diffeomorphic image registration. We introduce a novel framework that automatically determines the parameters controlling the smoothness of diffeomorphic transformations. Our method significantly reduces the effort of parameter tuning, which is time and labor-consuming. To achieve the goal, we develop a predictive model based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) that learns the mapping between pairwise images and the regularization parameter of image registration. In contrast to previous methods that estimate such parameters in a high-dimensional image space, our model is built in an efficient bandlimited space with much lower dimensions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our model on both 2D synthetic data and 3D real brain images. Experimental results show that our model not only predicts appropriate regularization parameters for image registration, but also improving the network training in terms of time and memory efficiency.
Recent developments in Pt–Co catalysts for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

Abstract Development of Pt-based oxygen reduction reaction catalysts with high efficiency and high durability is central to the application of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell systems. Pt–Co bimetallic catalysts have drawn extensive attention owing to their capability of delivering high performance and long lifetime for fuel cell applications including light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles. However, further improvements in durability and performance are needed to meet market requirements. To fully exploit the potential of Pt–Co catalysts, new insights into the relationship between catalyst properties and fuel cell performance and durability are needed, and more effective methods to tailor the features of Pt–Co catalysts need to be developed. This review provides a summary and perspective on recent efforts, including work on customizing the Pt shell and Pt:Co ratio, tailoring the crystal structure, and improving carbon support properties, with a particular emphasis on mechanisms leading to enhancement of mass activity, power density, and durability in membrane electrode assembly testing.
An Implanted Vestibular Prosthesis Improves Spatial Orientation in Animals with Severe Vestibular Damage.

Gravity is a pervasive environmental stimulus, and accurate graviception is required for optimal spatial orientation and postural stability. The primary graviceptors are the vestibular organs, which include angular velocity (semicircular canals) and linear acceleration (otolith organs) sensors. Graviception is degraded in patients with vestibular damage, resulting in spatial misperception and imbalance. Since minimal therapy is available for these patients, substantial effort has focused on developing a vestibular prosthesis or vestibular implant (VI) that reproduces information normally provided by the canals (since reproducing otolith function is very challenging technically). Prior studies demonstrated that angular eye velocity responses could be driven by canal VI-mediated angular head velocity information, but it remains unknown whether a canal VI could improve spatial perception and posture since these behaviors require accurate estimates of angular head position in space relative to gravity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a canal VI that transduces angular head velocity and provides this information to the brain via motion-modulated electrical stimulation of canal afferent nerves could improve the perception of angular head position relative to gravity in monkeys with severe vestibular damage. Using a subjective visual vertical task, we found that normal female monkeys accurately sensed the orientation of the head relative to gravity during dynamic tilts, that this ability was degraded following bilateral vestibular damage, and improved when the canal VI was used. These results demonstrate that a canal VI can improve graviception in vestibulopathic animals, suggesting that it could reduce the disabling perceptual and postural deficits experienced by patients with severe vestibular damage. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Patients with vestibular damage experience impaired vision, spatial perception, and balance, symptoms that could potentially respond to a vestibular implant (VI). Anatomic features facilitate semicircular canal (angular velocity) prosthetics but inhibit approaches with the otolith (linear acceleration) organs, and canal VIs that sense angular head velocity can generate compensatory eye velocity responses in vestibulopathic subjects. Can the brain use canal VI head velocity information to improve estimates of head orientation (e.g., head position relative to gravity), which is a prerequisite for accurate spatial perception and posture? Here we show that a canal VI can improve the perception of head orientation in vestibulopathic monkeys, results that are highly significant because they suggest that VIs mimicking canal function can improve spatial orientation and balance in vestibulopathic patients.