cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two-level Numerical Sampling Plans and Optimal Subsample Size Computations for Urophora affinis and Urophora quadrifasciata (Diptera: Tephritidae) on Spotted Knapweed

Taylor's power law analysis was performed on among- and within-subsample mean and variance estimates of the number of Urophora affinis Frauenfeld and Urophora quadrifasciata (Meigen) galls per spotted knapweed seed head. Highly significant correlation coefficients suggested that Taylor's power relationship fits the data well. A comparison of the b parameters from Taylor's analyses suggested that the spatial dispersion of U. affinis was more clumped than that of U. quadrifasciata . The spatial dispersion of U. quadrifasciata appeared to become more uniform in the presence of U. affinis . Means and estimated variances (among and within subsamples) were used to develop numerical sampling equations for the two fly species. A cost (work effort) analysis was performed on the among- and within-subsample units. Optimal subsample sizes calculated for overall mean gall densities of U. affinis and U. quadrifasciata (averaged over all sampling sites) were 18.95 and 21.86 seed heads per subsample, respectively. To protect against sampling low population sites, it is recommended that 15 subsamples of 25 seed heads each be collected per sampling site and used to assess population levels of the two fly species. Information presented in this paper should improve accuracy and efficiency in future sampling of U. affinis and U. quadrifasciata and aid in determining those sites warranting future releases of the flies.
Diagnostic Analysis of Metamodels’ Multivariate Dependencies and Their Impacts in Many-Objective Design Optimization

While computers are continually getting faster, physical models of complex systems grow more sophisticated and keep pace. Using metamodels can dramatically reduce the time it takes to evaluate a solution for a complex system; however, while the chief virtue of metamodels is that they approximate more computationally expensive models, this is also their main drawback. Metamodels are approximations, and as such they behave differently than the more sophisticated models they approximate. While the metamodels may be accurate approximations, they may also introduce new interdependencies in the response outputs that may hinder search algorithms during optimization. Understanding the impact of the approximation on the subsequent search thus becomes an important part of the problem as models that were computationally expensive ten to fifteen years ago may now run fast enough for use in optimization. In this paper, we use Sobol′ global sensitivity analysis to compare the search performance of a new auto-adaptive many objective evolutionary algorithm solving a challenging product family design problem with both the original analysis and a second-order response surface approximation of the original analysis. Interdependencies in the response outputs are found to result from the problem formulation used rather than the underlying model in this case. Search operator selection by the auto-adaptive evolutionary algorithm is shown to be consistent with the model sensitivities found by global sensitivity analysis.© 2013 ASME
Transition from Long-Range to Short-Range Energy Transfer through Donor Migration in Garnet Hosts

We demonstrate that the mechanism for nonradiative energy transfer, a critical aspect in many optical systems, can switch from a longer-range dipole−dipole mechanism to a short-range exchange mechanism through energy migration between donors. This transition significantly increases energy transfer rates and is analyzed using measurements of Tb3+(5D4)→Ce3+(5d1) energy transfer as a function of Tb3+ concentration in (Lu,Tb)3Al5O12:Ce3+ garnet phosphors. The additional short-range energy transfer is assigned to exchange by the analysis of the migration and trapping rates as well as estimates of the relevant exchange integrals.
Design and clinical feasibility of personal wearable monitor for measurement of activity and environmental exposure

Human exposure to specific environmental factors (e.g. air quality, lighting, and sound) is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases (e.g. asthma) and mental health disorders (e.g. anxiety). However, conventional fixed environmental monitoring stations are sparsely located and, despite environmental models, cannot adequately assess individual exposure levels. New forms of low-cost portable monitors have begun to emerge that enable the collection of higher spatial density "crowd sourced" data; however, the first generation of these low-cost environmental monitors have generally not been suitable for clinical environmental health studies due to practical challenges such as calibration, reproducibility, form factor, and battery life. In this paper, we present a wearable environmental monitor that overcomes these challenges and can be used in clinical studies The new device, called "Eco-Mini," can be used without a smart phone and is capable of locally sampling and recording a variety of environmental parameters (Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide, Volatile Organic Compounds, humidity, temperature, ambient light color balance, and sound level) as well as individual activity (3-axis accelerometer) and location (GPS). In this paper, we also report findings and discuss lessons learned from a feasibility study conducted for one week with pediatric patients as part of an ongoing asthma research study.
Reducing severe hypoglycemia in inpatients.

In this edition of AJHP , Milligan et al. (see page 1631) outline an approach to reducing severe hypoglycemic adverse drug events (ADEs) across BJC HealthCare (BJC), a diverse hospital system. The collaborative effort resulted in an at least 70% reduction in severe hypoglycemic ADEs in each of the
Conservation law for self-paced movements

Optimal control models of biological movements introduce external task factors to specify the pace of movements. Here, we present the dual to the principle of optimality based on a conserved quantity, called "drive," that represents the influence of internal motivation level on movement pace. Optimal control and drive conservation provide equivalent descriptions for the regularities observed within individual movements. For regularities across movements, drive conservation predicts a previously unidentified scaling law between the overall size and speed of various self-paced hand movements in the absence of any external tasks, which we confirmed with psychophysical experiments. Drive can be interpreted as a high-level control variable that sets the overall pace of movements and may be represented in the brain as the tonic levels of neuromodulators that control the level of internal motivation, thus providing insights into how internal states affect biological motor control.
Free oscillations of magnetic fluid in strong magnetic field

The paper presents the esults of measuring the elastic parameters of an oscillatory system (coefficient of pondermotive elasticity, damping factor, and oscillation frequency) whose viscous inertial element is represented by a magnetic fluid confined in a tube by magnetic levitation in a strong magnetic field. The role of elasticity is played by the pondermotive force acting on thin layers at the upper and lower ends of the fluid column. It is shown that, by measuring the elastic oscillation frequencies of the magnetic fluid column, it is possible to develop a fundamentally new absolute method for determining the saturation magnetization of a magnetic colloid.
Temporal patterns of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography sinonasal uptake after treatment of sinonasal malignancy.

BACKGROUND Current guidelines have identified 10 to 12 weeks posttreatment as the ideal time-point for improved diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for deep tissue sites of the head and neck. After treatment, the sinonasal skull base is predisposed to prolonged inflammation that may render this time-point inappropriate for initial posttreatment imaging surveillance for sinonasal malignancies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate temporal trends in 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 FDG) sinonasal uptake after treatment for sinonasal malignancies to better elucidate the optimal time-point for initial PET/CT posttreatment evaluation in this patient population. METHODS A retrospective analysis of all successfully treated and non-locally recurrent sinonasal malignancies over a 15-year study period (2000 to 2015) was performed at our institution. Posttreatment 18 FDG PET/CT standardized uptake value data were collected and compared between various time-points (2 to 4 months, 5 to 12 months, 5 to 24 months, and 13 to 24 months) using an independent-samples t test. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was noted between the posttreatment time windows 2 to 4 and 5 to 12 months (p = 0.048) as well as 2 to 4 and 5 to 24 months (p = 0.02). A trend toward significance was seen when comparing 2 to 4 and 13 to 24 months (p = 0.083). CONCLUSION Our analysis of PET/CT in patients previously treated for sinonasal malignancy suggests that the posttreatment sinonasal skull base is characterized by a prolonged period of hypermetabolism that endures beyond the period previously described for deep tissue sites of the head and neck. These findings prompt a reevaluation of the previously described 10- to 12-week cutoff point for initial posttreatment PET/CT for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as applied to sinonasal malignancies.
Breakthrough victories: How can a loser ever win?

AbstractThe domain of sport provides opportunity for development and growth, which is often incremental but can be marked by significant breakthroughs. Using Aristotle’s virtue ethic as a model, this paper explores the challenge of overcoming new obstacles, sometimes reversing bad habits, in the athletic domain. Breakthrough victories in sport are achievements that both reward persistent effort and open new horizons in the pursuit of excellence. They are significant because they seem to hold out a promise for future performance, now that some barrier has been passed. Breakthrough victories are often among the most important and rewarding moments in an athletic career.
When are Students Ready for Research Methods? A Curriculum Mapping Argument for the Political Science Major

ABSTRACTFor many political science programs, research methods courses are a fundamental component of the recommended undergraduate curriculum. However, instructors and students often see these courses as the most challenging. This study explores when it is most appropriate for political science majors to enroll and pass a research methods course. The hypothesis posits that the number of prior introductory-level political science courses can be a strong precursor to research methods success, even for those who are upper-class students and majors. This hypothesis is tested by analyzing data from six sections of an undergraduate research course offered at a midsized public university. The results demonstrate that students are most likely to succeed in their research methods course if they are majors with at least five previous political sciences courses completed. Recommendations for course prerequisites and specific curriculum mapping are offered in light of these findings.
Growing hair on the extremal BTZ black hole

Abstract We show that the nonlinear σ-model in an asymptotically A d S 3 space-time admits a novel local symmetry. The field action is assumed to be quartic in the nonlinear σ-model fields and minimally coupled to gravity. The local symmetry transformation simultaneously twists the nonlinear σ-model fields and changes the space-time metric, and it can be used to map the extremal BTZ black hole to infinitely many hairy black hole solutions.
On-Chip Wireless Optical Channel Modeling for Massive Multi-Core Computing Architectures

Wireless Networks on Chip (WNoC) consist of multiple independent cores interconnected by a smart combination of wired and wireless links. Wired interconnections have progressively moved from electrical tracks to nanophotonic waveguides in order to meet the demand for faster links. However, wireless links still largely rely on radio-frequency, millimeter-wave and, more recently, Terahertz-band communication, which offer a significantly lower bandwidth than their wired counterparts. To overcome this limitation, in light of the state of the art in optical nano-antennas, the use of wireless optical communication on-chip is proposed in this paper for the first time. Wireless optical links across cores can meet the demand for much higher data rates among cores, provide seamless wired and wireless transitions, and support multicast and broadcast transmissions among cores enabled by omnidirectional nano-antennas. To analyze the feasibility of this paradigm, in this paper, a multi-path channel model for on- chip light propagation is developed. More specifically, first, the channel frequency response in the case of line-of-sight propagation is obtained, by capturing the impact of spreading and absorption of light in silicon-based semiconductor materials. Then, the non-line-of-sight paths created by reflection at the material layer interfaces and diffraction at the core edges are modeled. Finally, a multi-path channel model is formulated, validated by means of electromagnetic simulations with COMSOL Multi-physics and utilized to analyze the main properties of on-chip wireless optical communication.
Study-flow: Studying effective student-content interaction in signal processing education

Throughout a semester students use textbooks to reference key fragments especially in response to assigned homework problems. We present an extension to an existing web-based Question and Answer (Q&A) system by incorporating the course textbook as a collection of annotated and chunked resources in a website. To characterize student interaction with the textbook contents, we capture the progress of each student's self-study through their content usage and construct a map of conceptual understanding which defines an individual's organization of course information into relevant concept hierarchies for efficient recall. This process consists of a sequence of enhancing learning activities, or study-flow.
Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the diagnosis of cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections: A meta-analysis

We performed a meta-analysis evaluating the use of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) infections. PET/CT may be helpful in the diagnosis of CIED infection, particularly in patients with the absence of localizing signs or definitive echocardiographic findings. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, CINAHL, Web of Knowledge, and www.clinicaltrials.gov from January 1990 to April 2017 were searched for studies evaluating the accuracy of PET/CT in the diagnosis of CIED infections. Overall, 14 studies involving 492 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity of PET/CT for diagnosis of CIED infection was 83% (95% CI 78%-86%) and the pooled specificity was 89% (95% CI 84%-94%). PET/CT demonstrated a higher sensitivity of 96% (95% CI 86%-99%) and specificity of 97% (95% CI 86%-99%) for diagnosis of pocket infections. Diagnostic accuracy for lead infections or CIED-IE was lower with pooled sensitivity of 76% (95% CI 65%-85%) and specificity of 83% (95% CI 72%-90%). Use of PET/CT in the evaluation of CIED infection has both a high sensitivity (83%) and specificity (89%) and deserves consideration in the management of selected patients with suspected CIED infections.
Design of compressors for FEL pulses using concave deformable gratings

Chirped pulse amplification (CPA), which allows the generation of extremely powerful ultrashort laser pulses in the infrared and visible spectral ranges, has recently being demonstrated for the first time on a seeded FEL in the soft X-rays [1]. The technique relies on stretching the seed pulse in time by means of a linear frequency chirp before amplification. The frequency chirp of the seed is transmitted to the FEL harmonic pulse generated at the end of the radiator and is compensated by an optical compressor, consisting of two plane diffraction gratings at grazing incidence and two plane mirrors, which steer the FEL beam back to its original propagation axis. The chirped FEL pulse, that was centered at 37.4 nm with duration of ≈140 fs, has been compressed down to 50 fs, only a factor of 1.1 above the transform limit.
Teaching about poverty and inequality: critical pedagogy and personal experience in the learner-centred classroom

We argue that teaching students about poverty and inequality requires three foundational pedagogical insights and practices: 1) engaging students in dialogue; 2) building on personal experience and fostering empathy; 3) helping students to visualise action in overturning oppressive societal structures. Each is required to build an integral and powerful foundation for teaching about poverty and inequality in the college classroom. This paper reviews the foundational theoretical and evidence-based literature to suggest that poverty and inequality must be taught in dialogical, experiential ways. We detail four, successful, pedagogical activities that help students learn about poverty and inequality by engaging with personal experience: two budgeting exercises; one simulation activity; and one expansive activity that allows students to engage deeply, critically and comparatively with the personal experiences of others (via, e.g., oral histories, interviews, and photography).
Humane Education and Education for Sustainable Development: Initiatives with Common Goals

Education for sustainable development (ESD) is an educational initiative that strives to address the environmental, economic, and social justice issues associated with development. ESD’s goal is to produce a citizenry that is able to meet its needs without impairing the ability of future generations to do the same. This goal and the manner in which it is achieved are very similar to those of humane education. A few of the commonalities between education for sustainable development and humane education are explored in this chapter. Additionally, a suggestion is provided for using the principles of humane education to enhance ESD.
Muscarinic control of airway mucus secretion

Secretory elements in the airways have a parasympathetic (cholinergic) supply, and activation of cholinergic nerves or administration of cholinomimetic drugs induces marked increases in secretion. In health, secreted high molecular weight glycoproteins (mucins) comprise a small proportion (~ 1%) of the thin layer of aqueous liquid (often termed “mucus”) which overlies the surface epithelium of the airways. The liquid also contains electrolytes, immunoglobulins, plasma-derived proteins (for example albumin), lipids, enzymes, anti-enzymes, antibacterials, cell products and mediators. The relative contribution of each component to the normal functioning of the liquid is comparatively unknown, and the relevance of the liquid to airway homeostasis is, for the most part, only theoretical [1]. Mucins possess viscoelastic properties which confer upon the liquid the ability to be transported on the tips of beating cilia. Airborne particles are trapped in the liquid and are removed from the airways by mucociliary clearance. In disease, changes in the amount of liquid, or its viscoelasticity, or in the relative proportion of its components, convert a normally protective mechanism into a pathophysiological one. The altered mucus is difficult to clear and accumulates in the airways. The resulting airflow limitation contributes to morbidity and mortality in bronchial diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and cystic fibrosis (CF).
The Adventure of Being a Person

The words Erfahrung, Erleben, “experience,” and “awareness” have suggestive etymologies. With a slight encouragement one might entertain Erfahrung and Erleben as journeys suggesting a weariness and an experience of peril. For transcendental phenomenology, the human being’s pursuit of authentic personal life is a medium for the adventure which is the self-realization of “the absolute” or all of monads. This adventure, which transpires through the experience and achievements of monads, has moments of activity and passivity, satisfaction and dissatisfaction, decline and improvement, success and failure. The focus of this chapter is on the elements of personhood. This occasions an abstraction from the social matrix in which persons come to be and in which personal being is cultivated. In the subsequent chapters these abstract considerations will be inserted in the more concrete whole of intersubjectivity.
Intention, Context and Gesture Recognition for Sterile MRI Navigation in the Operating Room

Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) devices such as the keyboard and the mouse are among the most contaminated regions in an operating room (OR). This paper proposes a sterile, intuitive HCI to navigate MRI images using freehand gestures. The system incorporates contextual cues and intent of the user to strengthen the gesture recognition process. Experimental results showed that while performing an image navigation task, mean intent recognition accuracy was 98.7% and that the false positive rate of gesture recognition dropped from 20.76% to 2.33% with context integration at similar recognition rates.
Squamates—Part I. Lizards

Squamates are a monophyletic group that includes lizards, amphisbaenians, and snakes, each of which has been historically placed in different evolutionary groups (suborders). Because snakes are a large and diverse monophyletic group within squamates, we treat them in the next chapter and restrict our use of “lizards” to the non-snake squamates. Of the approximately 9200 species of squamates, more than 5800 are “lizards” and are represented by 44 families. Lizards are highly variable both morphologically and ecologically, with most having four distinct, well-developed limbs. Nevertheless, some are limbless and many have very reduced limbs. Most are terrestrial or arboreal, although a few are subterranean or aquatic, and one enters the ocean to feed. Their global distribution includes all continents except Antarctica, but with one exception, they do not occur in the oceans. Conservation status of lizards is summarized. An up-to-date phylogeny details approximate time periods during which divergences occurred during the evolutionary history of lizards and shows evolutionary relationships among the families as we now know them. Taxonomic accounts provide information on generic content, distribution, characteristics, and biology of each family.
The Determinants of Ballot-box Budgeting in California

Although California often receives national attention for its budgeting at the ballot box, virtually all states engage in some level of it because bonds and constitutional amendments involving fisc...
The underutilization of psychiatric rehabilitation

Rossler's paper is an excellent summary of what has been the traditional understanding of the term "psychiatric rehabilitation". The focus of the paper is on the patients who suffer from severe and persistent mental illnesses. As the author points out, most of these cases carry the diagnosis of schizophrenia, but other categories of psychiatric illness are included as well. He defines the goal of psychiatric rehabilitation as to assist these disabled individuals to develop better emotional, social, and intellectual skills that are necessary to function in the real world. The task is to maximize their functioning and to minimize their dependency on institutional settings and/or organizations. Concepts such as sheltered housing and supported employment permeate the paper, because this has been the traditional target population for psychiatric rehabilitation. It is as if the population of psychiatric patients is divided into two categories: the severe and persistent illnesses and those who can expect full recovery. Clinical experience suggest otherwise.
Mesenchymal and Melanocytic Proliferations

Although the esophagus is not exactly fertile ground for mesenchymal proliferations, they do appear every so often in biopsy practice. The most common mesenchymal proliferations are leiomyomas and granular cell tumors. Gastrointestinal (GI)-type stromal tumors are almost nonexistent in the esophagus. By now, virtually every imaginable type of soft tissue tumor has been described in the esophagus. For this chapter, however, it is not worth trying to include all of them. The following figures are from various mesenchymal lumps that we have encountered in our practice, with a few melanocytic proliferations thrown in for the sake of completeness.
Oxalate transport via the sulfate/HCO3 exchanger in rabbit renal basolateral membrane vesicles.

Abstract We evaluated the mechanism of oxalate transport in basolateral membrane vesicles isolated from the rabbit renal cortex. An outward HCO3- gradient induced the transient uphill accumulation of oxalate and sulfate, indicating the presence of oxalate/HCO3- exchange and sulfate/HCO3- exchange. For oxalate, sulfate, or 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, the K1/2 value for oxalate/HCO3- exchange was nearly identical to that for sulfate/HCO3- exchange, suggesting that both exchange processes occur via the same transport system. This was further supported by the finding of sulfate/oxalate exchange. Thiosulfate/sulfate exchange and thiosulfate/oxalate exchange were also demonstrated, but a variety of other tested anions including Cl-, p-aminohippurate, and lactate did not exchange for sulfate or oxalate. Na+ did not affect sulfate or oxalate transport, indicating that neither anion undergoes Na+ co-transport or Na+-dependent anion exchange in these membrane vesicles. Finally, we found that the stoichiometry of exchange is 1 sulfate or oxalate per 2 HCO3-, or a thermodynamically equivalent process. We conclude that oxalate, but not other organic or inorganic anions of physiologic importance, can share the sulfate/HCO3- exchanger in renal basolateral membrane vesicles. In series with luminal membrane oxalate/Cl- (formate) exchange, exchange of oxalate for HCO3- or sulfate across the basolateral membrane provides a possible transcellular route for oxalate transport in the proximal tubule.
Generating Realistic Data for Network Analytics

In this paper, we provide a novel approach that uses a generative adversarial network to produce synthetic network traffic. The intent is to leverage this synthetic data to improve the robustness of machine learning algorithms that perform analysis on communication networks. In our experimental results, we demonstrate that a generative adversarial network can construct samples of network traffic that are statistically similar to an original set of reference samples. Additionally, we provide insight into the performance of our approach when evaluating different varieties of generative adversarial networks for their ability to produce and converge to realistic output.
Reflex "habituability" as a basis for differentiating between classical and instrumental conditioning.

Earlier bases for differentiating between classical and instrumental conditioning are considered. These include Konorski’s recent proposal that only those responses which are mediated by the “central behavioral system” may be instrumentalized, as well as Skinner’s notion of respondent versus operant behavior. A new proposal, based upon the suggestions of Kozak and Westerman and of Razran, is made; namely, if the reinforcement of one reflex with another results in classical or instrumental changes depends basically upon the ease with which the first reflex is habituated. The principal basis of differences in “habituability” between classical and instrumental conditioning procedures is suggested to be the variability of stimulation which elicits the first reflex.
Potential for biocolloid transport of cesium at high ionic strength.

Abstract In subsurface repositories, active bacterial populations may directly influence the fate and transport of radionuclides including in salt repository systems like the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in Carlsbad, NM. This research quantified the potential for transport and interaction between Chromohalobacter sp. and Cs in a high ionic strength system (2.6 M NaCl) containing natural minerals. Mini-column experiments showed that Chromohalobacter moved nearly un-retarded under these conditions and that there was neither association of Cs with microbes nor dolomite despite changes in bacterial metabolic phases. Growth batch experiments that monitored the potential uptake of Cs into the microbes confirmed results in column experiments where intracellular uptake of Cs by Chromohalobacter was not observed. These results show that Cs may be highly mobile if released in high ionic strength systems and/or carbonate minerals with negligible inhibition by these microbes.
Essential elements of an outpatient total joint replacement programme

Purpose of reviewTo summarize the safety and feasibility of outpatient total joint arthroplasty (TJA) from the perspectives of short-term complications, long-term functional outcomes, patient satisfaction and financial impact, and to provide evidence-based guidance on how to establish an outpatient
Well-being and leisure-time physical activity psychosocial factors predict physical activity among university students

Drawing from literature supporting top-down (i.e., well-being impacting leisure) and bottom-up (i.e., leisure impacting well-being) models explaining the bi-directional relationship between leisure...
Punishing the violators? Arms embargoes and economic sanctions as tools of norm enforcement

The persistence and strength of international norms are thought to depend partly on the willingness of actors to punish their violation, but norm enforcement is often inconsistent. This article investigates states’ use of economic sanctions in order to gain insight into the role of metanorms (norms about enforcing norms) in international politics and explain this inconsistency. The quantitative analyses examine patterns of economic sanctions and arms embargo practices across different security norms and reveal two central findings. First, international metanorms may accommodate important interstate relationships. Although severe human rights abuse, conflict, nuclear weapons development, and support for terrorist organisations tend to attract sanctions, they are infrequent in comparison with norm violations. Valued relationships between senders and targets seem to be an accepted limit to the pursuit of costly norm enforcement. Second, norm violations nevertheless remain rare, suggesting that factors other than the prospect of material punishment may encourage compliance. Indeed, by preserving interstate relationships, international metanorms may facilitate the engagement needed for socialisation and social pressures as alternative compliance mechanisms.
Resection of the irradiated esophagus: the impact of lymph node yield on survival.

There is debate surrounding the appropriate threshold for lymph node harvest during esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer, specifically for those receiving preoperative radiation. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of lymph node yield on survival in patients receiving preoperative chemoradiation for esophageal cancer. The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was utilized to identify patients with esophageal cancer that received preoperative radiation. The cohort was divided into patients undergoing minimal ( 0.05). After adjustment using Cox regression, extensive lymph node yield was associated with survival (hazard ratio 0.80, confidence interval 0.66-0.98, P = 0.03). This study suggests that extensive lymph node yield is advantageous for patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy following induction therapy. This most likely reflects improved diagnosis and staging with extensive yield.
Left Ventricular Remodeling After Transcatheter Versus Surgical Therapy in Adults With Coarctation of Aorta.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to compare remodeling of left ventricular (LV) structure and function after transcatheter stent therapy with remodeling of LV structure and function after surgical therapy for COA. Background Transcatheter stent therapy is as effective as surgery in producing acute hemodynamic improvement in patients with coarctation of aorta (COA). However, LV remodeling after transcatheter COA intervention has not been systematically investigated. Methods LV remodeling was assessed at 1, 3, and 5 years post-intervention by using LV mass index (LVMI), LV end-diastolic dimension, LV ejection fraction, LV global longitudinal strain (LVGLS), LV mitral annular tissue Doppler early velocity (LVe′), and ratio of mitral inflow pulsed wave Doppler early velocity and e′ (E/e′) ratio. Results There were 44 patients in the transcatheter group and 128 patients in the surgical group. Compared to the surgical group, the transcatheter group had less regression of LVMI (−4.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −5.5 to −3.7 vs. −7.3; 95% CI: −8.4 to −6.6 g/m2; p Conclusions Transcatheter stent therapy was associated with less remodeling of LV structure and function during mid-term follow-up. As transcatheter stent therapy becomes more widely used in the adult COA population, there is a need for ongoing clinical monitoring to determine if these observed differences in LV remodeling translate to differences in clinical outcomes.
Skin Friction in Slip Flow

Skin-friction data in the slip flow regime are presented, covering the range: 0.008 < M/\/~Re < 0.38; 34 < Re < 2,020 for 2.5 < M < 3.8; 3 < Re < 500 for M ~ 0.2 and 0.6. The results are discussed in terms of the various relevant theories, and it is inferred that, in the neighborhood of Re = 1,000, the dominant effect is the interaction between boundary layer and external flow which increases the skin friction, but that, in the neighborhood of Re = 50, the dominant effect is that of slip that decreases the skin friction.
Global brain network dynamics predict therapeutic responsiveness to cannabidiol treatment for refractory epilepsy.

Refractory epilepsy is a chronic brain network disorder characterized by unresponsiveness to multiple (>2) anti-epileptic drugs. Cannabidiol, a non-psychotropic neuroactive substance, is an emerging anti-epileptic treatment that was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of refractory epilepsy, especially Lennox Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome. Here, we evaluated associations between global brain network dynamics and related changes and responsiveness to cannabidiol therapy using a combination of electroencephalography phase coherence and graph theoretical analyses. Refractory epilepsy patients with Lennox Gastaut syndrome or Dravet syndrome underwent serial electroencephalography testing prior to and during cannabidiol treatment. Patients showing greater than 70% seizure frequency reduction were classified as treatment responders for the purposes of this study. We calculated inter-electrode electroencephalography phase coherence in delta (1-3 Hz), theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) frequency bands. Graph theoretical analysis of brain network dynamics was extracted from phase coherence to evaluate measures of network integration (i.e. characteristic path length, global efficiency and degree) and segregation (i.e. modularity and transitivity). We found that responders, relative to non-responders, showed increased network integration-as indexed by relatively higher global efficiency and lower degree-and increased network segregation-as indexed by relatively higher modularity-exclusively in the beta-frequency band. We also found that larger cannabidiol dosages were associated with increased network integration-as indexed by higher global efficiency with increasing dose-and increased network segregation-as indexed by lower transitivity with increasing dose-in the delta, theta and alpha frequency bands. In summary, we demonstrate novel effects of cannabidiol on brain network dynamics with important implications for the treatment of refractory epilepsy and, possibly, across broader research applications in the future.
Giant piezoelectricity of monolayer group IV monochalcogenides: SnSe, SnS, GeSe, and GeS

We predict enormous, anisotropic piezoelectric effects in intrinsic monolayer group IV monochalcogenides (MX, M=Sn or Ge, X=Se or S), including SnSe, SnS, GeSe, and GeS. Using first-principle simulations based on the modern theory of polarization, we find that their piezoelectric coefficients are about one to two orders of magnitude larger than those of other 2D materials, such as MoS2 and GaSe, and bulk quartz and AlN which are widely used in industry. This enhancement is a result of the unique “puckered” C2v symmetry and electronic structure of monolayer group IV monochalcogenides. Given the achieved experimental advances in the fabrication of monolayers, their flexible character, and ability to withstand enormous strain, these 2D structures with giant piezoelectric effects may be promising for a broad range of applications such as nano-sized sensors, piezotronics, and energy harvesting in portable electronic devices.
Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, the SARS2-CoV-2 receptor and co-receptor, in prostate epithelial cells

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has spread across more than 200 countries and resulted in over 170,000 deaths. For unclear reasons, higher mortality rates from COVID-19 have been reported in men compared to women. While the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and co-receptor TMPRSS2 have been detected in lung and other tissues, it is not clear what sex differences may exist. We analyzed a publicly-available normal human prostate single-cell RNA sequencing dataset and found TMPRSS2 and ACE2 co-expressing cells in epithelial cells, with a higher proportion in club and hillock cells. Then we investigated datasets of lung epithelial cells and also found club cells co-expressing TMPRSS2 and ACE2. A comparison of ACE2 expression in lung tissue between males and females showed higher expression in males and a larger proportion of ACE2+ cells in male type II pneumocytes, with preliminary evidence that type II pneumocytes of all lung epithelial cell types showed the highest expression of ACE2. These results raise the possibility that sex differences in ACE2 expression and the presence of double-positive cells in the prostate may contribute to the observed disparities of COVID-19.
Hooked on Junk: Emerging Evidence on How Food Marketing Affects Adolescents’ Diets and Long-Term Health

Examine current research on how adolescents are influenced by junk food marketing; inform proposed policies to expand food marketing restrictions to protect children up to age 17. Previous food marketing effects research focused primarily on TV advertising to younger children. However, recent research with adolescents demonstrates the following: (a) unique effects of food marketing on adolescents; (b) extensive exposure to social media and other digital marketing “disguised” as entertainment and messages from peers; (c) adolescents’ still-developing and hypersensitive reward responsivity to appetitive cues; and (d) disproportionate appeals to Black and Hispanic youth, likely exacerbating health disparities affecting their communities. Adolescents may be even more vulnerable to junk food marketing appeals than younger children. Additional research on how food marketing uniquely affects adolescents and efficacy of potential solutions to protect them from harm are critical to support stronger restrictions on junk food marketing to all children.
A learning-augmented approach for AC optimal power flow

Abstract Due to the high nonlinearity of AC optimal power flow (OPF), numerous efforts have been made in recent decades to find efficient methods. Machine learning (ML) has proven to significantly reduce the computational costs in many real-world problems. Thus, this paper develops a learning-augmented method for solving AC OPF, which integrates both power network equations and ML to yield near-optimal solutions. More specifically, ML models are developed to first predict bus voltage magnitudes and angles. Then, physics-based network equations are employed to calculate the power injection at different buses. Three ML algorithms, i.e., random forest, multi-target decision tree, and extreme learning machine, are explored and compared. To evaluate the efficiency of the proposed learning-augmented AC OPF solver, the MATPOWER Interior Point Solver is adopted as a baseline. Case studies on both 500-bus and 4918-bus test networks show that the proposed learning-augmented method has reduced the computational time by 15–100 times depending on the network size with a minimal loss in optimality.
Human embryonic stem cell classification: random network with autoencoded feature extractor

Significance: Automated understanding of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) videos is essential for the quantified analysis and classification of various states of hESCs and their health for diverse applications in regenerative medicine. Aim: This paper aims to develop an ensemble method and bagging of deep learning classifiers as a model for hESC classification on a video dataset collected using a phase contrast microscope. Approach: The paper describes a deep learning-based random network (RandNet) with an autoencoded feature extractor for the classification of hESCs into six different classes, namely, (1) cell clusters, (2) debris, (3) unattached cells, (4) attached cells, (5) dynamically blebbing cells, and (6) apoptotically blebbing cells. The approach uses unlabeled data to pre-train the autoencoder network and fine-tunes it using the available annotated data. Results: The proposed approach achieves a classification accuracy of 97.23 ± 0.94 % and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. Additionally, the approach has a very low training cost compared with the other deep-learning-based approaches, and it can be used as a tool for annotating new videos, saving enormous hours of manual labor. Conclusions: RandNet is an efficient and effective method that uses a combination of subnetworks trained using both labeled and unlabeled data to classify hESC images.
Pathology Features of Immune and Inflammatory Myopathies, Including a Polymyositis Pattern, Relate Strongly to Serum Autoantibodies

We asked whether myopathology features of immune or inflammatory myopathies (IIM), without reference to clinical or laboratory attributes, correlate with serum autoantibodies. Retrospective study included 148 muscle biopsies with: B-cell inflammatory foci (BIM), myovasculopathy, perimysial pathology (IMPP), myofiber necrosis without perimysial or vessel damage or inflammation (MNec), inflammation and myofiber vacuoles or mitochondrial pathology (IM-VAMP), granulomas, chronic graft-versus-host disease, or none of these criteria. 18 IIM-related serum autoantibodies were tested. Strong associations between myopathology and autoantibodies included: BIM with PM/Scl-100 (63%; odds ratio [OR] = 72); myovasculopathies with TIF1-γ or NXP2 (70%; OR = 72); IMPP with Jo-1 (33%; OR = 28); MNec with SRP54 (23%; OR = 37); IM-VAMP with NT5C1a (95%; OR = 83). Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) antibodies related to presence of myofiber necrosis across all groups (82%; OR = 9), but not to one IIM pathology group. Our results validate characterizations of IIM by myopathology features, showing strong associations with some serum autoantibodies, another objective IIM-related marker. BIM with PM/Scl-100 antibodies can be described pathologically as polymyositis. Tif1-γ and NXP2 antibodies are both common in myovasculopathies. HMGCR antibodies associate with myofiber necrosis, but not one IIM pathology subtype. Relative association strengths of IIM-related autoantibodies to IIM myopathology features versus clinical characteristics require further study.
Replay Penalties in Cognitive Games

Replay penalties that punish players by making them repeat progress are ubiquitous in video games yet noticeably absent from tutors, creating a dilemma for designers seeking to combine games and tutors to maximize interest and learning. On the one hand, replay penalties can be frustrating and waste instructional time, on the other, they may increase excitement and prevent gaming the system. This study tested the effects of replay penalties on learning and interest. In a randomized, controlled experiment with a two-group, between subjects design, 100 University students played two versions of Policy World, an educational game for teaching policy argument, with and without penalties that forced students to replay parts of the game. Results showed that replay penalties decreased learning and interest. These findings suggest a minimize penalties principle for designing cognitive games.
Portrayals of Bullying: A Content Analysis of Picture Books for Preschoolers

Bullying affects a significant number of school children in the United States. Great concern for teaching children about bullying is apparent in the number of picture books published with bullying themes. The following study is a content analysis of how bullies and victims are portrayed in picture books suitable for preschoolers. Many of the stories offered a way for children to vicariously experience and even rehearse what they would do in situations where there is no adult to intervene. Findings showed that bullies were twice as likely to be male; however, sex of victims in picture books was evenly split between males and females. While teasing and name calling was the most prevalent type of bullying portrayed, female perpetrators were just as likely to physically bully their victims as male perpetrators. Findings also reveal a strong emphasis on victims’ feelings and reactions. Absent was meaningful representation of why bullies bullied, instead placing the responsibility of stopping the bullies on the victims. While nearly every story had a happy ending, bullying was treated overall as an inevitable reality for children.
China's New Nationalism: Pride, Politics, and Diplomacy

Introduction: Dragon-Slayers and Panda-Huggers 1. Saving Face 2. Chinese Identity and "the West" 3. A "Century of Humiliation" 4. The "Kissinger Complex" 5. Victors or Victims? 6. China's Apology Diplomacy 7. Popular Nationalism and the Fate of the Nation 8. Chinese Nationalism and U.S.--China Relations in the Twenty-First Century Notes Bibliography Acknowledgements Index
Glucosylation of O-Antigen in Salmonella Carrying ε15 and ε34 Phages

Abstract Enzymatic reactions involved in the O-34 antigen formation of group E3 Salmonella carrying phages e15 and e34 was studied in vitro by the use of cells defective in UDP-glucose-4-epimerase activity. Incorporation of glucose from UDP-glucose into O-34 antigen required polymerization of mannosylrhamnosylgalactose repeating units. A single trisaccharide unit was not an acceptor for O-34 glucose. A preformed trisaccharide repeating polymer generated under restricted conditions was able to accept glucosyl residues. The product of glucose incorporation was characterized and found to be a haptenic O-polysaccharide. A glucosyl-lipid intermediate was formed, which acted as a glucosyl donor to the polymeric trisaccharide units. Glucose incorporated into the intermediate in the first step reaction was transferred to the mannosylrhamnosylgalactose polymer generated in the second step. The following two enzymatic steps were formulated. [see PDF for equation] Reversibility of Reaction 1 was demonstrated by exchange reaction of UDP between free [14C]UDP and UDP-glucose. Furthermore, these two reactions were proved by the use of isolated glucosyl-lipid as a substrate. The enzymatic activity catalyzing Reaction 1 was found in all of the cells carrying phage e34, and also in cells having the mutant phage eo34-134 defective in the formation of O-34 antigen. The catalytic activity to carry out Reaction 2 was found only in cells carrying both e15 and e34, but not in cells with e15 and eo34-134.