cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unsteady-state liquid diffusion in laminar flow in a circular tube

Abstract A technique was developed for solving the mathematical model describing unsteady-state diffusion in a Newtonian liquid in steady-state laminar flow in a circular tube. The process of interest in this work was one in which the Peclet numbers were very high and axial diffusion effects could, therefore, be neglected. The mathematical model describing this process was a partial differential equation with three independent variables and its associated boundary conditions. The method of solution used the Laplace transform, followed by either separation of variables or finite difference calculations, depending on the magnitude of the parameters involved. This method has the advantage that it eliminates the complex finite difference techniques and their associated stability and convergence problems which must otherwise be employed for exact numerical solutions of boundary value problems in three independent variables. The solution obtained in this work showed excellent agreement with experimental data collected in the present work and in previous research. This technique can be applied to other mathematical models of similar form describing transport problems in unsteady-state laminar flow and should make exact numerical solutions to this class of problems more easily obtainable.
Observation of enhanced energy transfer in individual quantum dot-oligophenylene vinylene nanostructures.

The temporal and spectral properties of luminescence from individual CdSe quantum dot−oligophenylene vinylene nanostructures (single quantum dots with conjugated organic ligands coordinated to the surface) are profoundly modified relative to blended films of the same components. These kinds of composite quantum dot-conjugated organic systems have attracted significant interest as a way to improve efficiency in photovoltaic device applications. By direct functionalization of the dot surface with the conjugated organic ligands, we realize a significant enhancement in energy transfer and luminescence stability.
Plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) and growth hormone responses to yohimbine in panic disorder patients and normal controls.

Abstract Eleven patients with a DSM-III diagnosis of panic disorder and seven normal controls received yohimbine (20 mg) or placebo orally in a double-blind paradigm on two separate days. Compared to normal control subjects, the panic disorder patients had similar behavioral responses to placebo but a greater anxiogenic response to yohimbine. Compared to placebo, yohimbine produced a significant increase in plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) levels (p
Dislocation density: stress relationships in natural and synthetic sodium chloride

Abstract To determine the relationship between applied stress and dislocation density, creep experiments have been carried out on single crystals of natural and synthetic sodium chloride with differential stresses between 2.0 and 20.0 MPa at temperatures in the range 20 to 600° C. Dislocation densities were measured on etched cleavage surfaces using a scanning electron microscope. The dislocation density is proportional to the differential stress to approximately the 1.3 power. At a given differential stress, the density of edge dislocations is larger and the density of screw dislocations smaller in natural crystals than in synthetic samples; the mean dislocation density was unaffected. This difference in the dislocation densities between natural and synthetic crystals is related to differences in the concentrations of impurities. Natural salt samples from a Lansing N.Y., salt mine were collected from locations in close proximity to excavation openings. Dislocation densities in the natural samples, when compared to our experimentally derived stress-dislocation density curve, indicate that the samples were deformed at in-situ stresses of 10 to 30 MPa.
Stability, Fit, and Consensus

In Political Liberalism, Rawls develops a distinct account of the stability of a conception of justice. According to this account, a conception of justice is stable if it is possible for the holders of diverse reasonable views about the good to affirm the conception on due reflection. A number of commentators, however, argue that Rawls's approach secures affirmation by limiting the scope of political deliberation or removing controversial issues from democratic debate. I argue that these objections mischaracterize Rawls's theory. Rawls's account of stability, I argue, is designed neither to restrict debate nor to socialize the participants in that debate.
Urban triage: saving the savable neighbourhoods in Milwaukee

During the 1970s, an era of increasing fiscal austerity and deindustrialization, cities across the United States sought to arrest the spread of urban disinvestment. In 1974, faced with similar concerns, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, implemented a two-part planning programme. First, planners conducted the Relative Residential Status (RRS) evaluation to assess, classify, and map neighbourhood health. The RRS map delineated three types of neighbourhoods: healthy, threatened but savable, and unsavable. Second, Preservation Planning prescribed policies and resources based on the RRS neighbourhood types, concentrating resources in the neighbourhoods classified as threatened but savable. The paper examines the implementation of RRS and Preservation Planning. I argue that RRS/Preservation Planning functioned as urban triage by seeking to bolster the housing market in moderately healthy, white neighbourhoods as it prescribed market-determined, inevitable death for less healthy, African-American neighbourhoods. The main po...
Cannabinoids and Hallucinogens for Headache

Hallucinogens and most cannabinoids are classified under schedule 1 of the Federal Controlled Substances Act 1970, along with heroin and ecstacy. Hence they cannot be prescribed by physicians, and by implication, have no accepted medical use with a high abuse potential. Despite their legal status, hallucinogens and cannabinoids are used by patients for relief of headache, helped by the growing number of American states that have legalized medical marijuana. Cannabinoids in particular have a long history of use in the abortive and prophylactic treatment of migraine before prohibition and are still used by patients as a migraine abortive in particular. Most practitioners are unaware of the prominence cannabis or "marijuana" once held in medical practice. Hallucinogens are being increasingly used by cluster headache patients outside of physician recommendation mainly to abort a cluster period and maintain quiescence for which there is considerable anecdotal success. The legal status of cannabinoids and hallucinogens has for a long time severely inhibited medical research, and there are still no blinded studies on headache subjects, from which we could assess true efficacy.
Perseveration of the partial reinforcement effect in extinction with rats over two phases of extinction and two stages of continuous reinforcement.

One group of 10 male albino rats was given partial reinforcement while the other 10 rats received continuous reinforcement in a straight alley. Subjects then experienced five consecutive stages of Extinction 1, Continuous Reinforcement 1, Extinction 2, Continuous Reinforcement 2, and finally, Extinction 3. Analysis showed the partial reinforcement effect in extinction was sustained over two stages of extinction and two stages of continuous reinforcement, since subjects receiving partial reinforcement ran faster than rats given continuous reinforcement throughout all three of the extinction periods. The results seem to support those of Amsel's (1967) and Capaldi's (1967) theoretical formulations of the partial reinforcement effect in extinction.
A limited role for p16Ink4a and p19Arf in the loss of hematopoietic stem cells during proliferative stress.

It has long been known that prolonged culture or serial transplantation leads to the loss of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs); however, the mechanisms for this loss are not well understood. We hypothesized that expression of p16Ink4a or p19Arf or both may play a role in the loss of HSCs during conditions of enhanced proliferation, either in vitro or in vivo. Arf was not expressed in freshly isolated HSCs from adult mice but was induced in phenotypically primitive cells after 10 to 12 days in culture. When cultured bone marrow cells from either Arf–/– or Ink4a-Arf–/– mice were compared to wild-type cells in a competitive repopulation assay, no significant differences in HSC activity were seen. We then evaluated the role of p19Arf and p16Ink4a in the loss of HSCs during serial transplantation. Bone marrow cells from Ink4a-Arf–/–, but not Arf–/–, mice had a modestly extended life span and, on average, supported reconstitution of one additional recipient compared to wild-type cells. Mice given transplants of Ink4a-Arf–/–cells eventually did die of hematopoietic failure in the next round of transplantation. We conclude that mechanisms independent of the Ink4a-Arf gene locus play a dominant role in HSC loss during conditions of proliferative stress.
A VERTICAL SCHEME OF BUNDLING NAEP BOOKLETS

A new scheme of bundling National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) booklets, vertical bundling, was proposed in this study to overcome the limitations of the traditional methodology on booklet pairing balance and bundle length choice. This study compared the vertical scheme with the horizontal scheme through simulations using the 2002 NAEP spiral plans for Reading and Writing assessments. The results showed that the vertical scheme not only had flexibility with respect to bundle length, it also demonstrated potential for reducing the required number of different bundles, decreasing book wastage, and improving balance of within-session booklet pairings. On the other hand, it inflated within-session booklet duplication to some extent compared to the horizontal approach, a relatively small trade-off for improved balance of booklet pairings.
The Future of Cooperative Cataloging: Curve, Fork, or Impasse?

Cooperative cataloging activities have existed for more than 100 years. During that time, cooperative cataloging practices and structures have evolved in accordance with changing values, technologies, and institutional needs. However, the road has not always been smooth and the future of cooperative cataloging has often been questioned. This article provides a selective overview of the history of cooperative cataloging, paying particular attention to the issues that herald shifts in direction. It explores today's cataloging landscape in order to identify those tensions and technological changes that once again are driving the need for change. Has cooperative cataloging reached an impasse? Will it continue to evolve, curving to adapt to the changing environment? Perhaps we have reached a fork in the road. By drawing on concepts associated with organizational and individual change models, this article also addresses possible reasons the cataloging community may be experiencing difficulty discerning the futu...
Iron regulatory protein 2 and anemia

Comment on Cooperman et al, page [1084][1] In humans, iron-limited erythropoiesis can be caused by total body lack of iron, decreased iron exit from macrophages, or absence of transferrin, the molecule that presents iron for receptor-mediated uptake by erythroid precursors. Cooperman and
Rate of malignancies in breast abscesses and argument for ultrasound drainage.

Abstract Background Biopsy of a breast abscess wall has been performed for years without evidence. Aspiration of breast abscesses has been increasing in popularity without widespread acceptance. Methods A 10-year retrospective review of 206 surgical biopsies after incision and drainage of breast abscesses. A literature review of breast abscess treated with ultrasound-guided aspiration. Results Over 10 years, 4.37% (9/206) patients were diagnosed with malignancy in the abscess cavity wall tissue. None of the 197 patients with a negative biopsy returned with breast cancer. Single, multiple, and combined aspiration success rates of 79.8% (364/458), 11.0% (50/458), and 90.9% (482/532) with surgical intervention necessary in 9.1% (50/532). Ultrasound versus hand guidance (92.5% versus 81.9 %, P Conclusions The rate of associated malignancies with breast abscess is very low and does not warrant mandatory surgical drainage. The use of ultrasound-directed aspiration of breast abscesses is effective and should be first-line therapy.
Covert Hepatic Encephalopathy: How Aggressive Should We Be with Diagnosis and Management?

Interest in covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) has been increasing steadily for decades among clinicians. The term covert had to be substituted for minimal because minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) did not signify the importance of this disorder. Despite a growing appreciation of the significant impact of CHE on cirrhotic patients, diagnosis has not been pursued aggressively enough. Patients with documented CHE have been shown to have the following outcomes: increased falls, driving impairment, increased emergency department visits and need for healthcare, and diminished quality of life. Also, CHE predicts the onset of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE) and mortality. Hence, we advocate screening every cirrhotic patient for the presence of CHE. Considerable progress has been made developing tests to diagnose this disorder. A growing concern is the lack of staff to conduct the testing for CHE in a standardized fashion. There needs to be a consensus on which testing system should be utilized to diagnose CHE. Considerably more data needs to be generated documenting the reversal of the consequences of CHE with effective therapy. There is already very encouraging information available on improving the quality of life and driving capacity in cirrhotic patients with CHE with treatment. More information needs to be generated on this topic with more randomized controlled trials. Successful outcomes of these studies will encourage more aggressive diagnosis and treatment of CHE in future.
21st century trends in Antarctic temperature and polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) area in the GEOS chemistry‐climate model

This study examines trends in Antarctic temperature and APSC, a temperature proxy for the area of polar stratospheric clouds, in an ensemble of Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) chemistry-climate model (CCM) simulations of the 21st century. A selection of greenhouse gas, ozone-depleting substance, and sea surface temperature scenarios is used to test the trend sensitivity to these parameters. One scenario is used to compare temperature trends in two versions of the GEOS CCM. An extended austral winter season is examined in detail. In May, June, and July, the expected future increase in CO2-related radiative cooling drives temperature trends in the Antarctic lower stratosphere. At 50 hPa, a 1.3 K cooling is expected between 2000 and 2100. Ozone levels increase, despite this robust cooling signal and the consequent increase in APSC, suggesting the enhancement of stratospheric transport in future. In the lower stratosphere, the choice of climate change scenarios does not affect the magnitude of the early winter cooling. Midwinter temperature trends are generally small. In October, APSC trends have the same sign as the prescribed halogen trends. That is, there are negative APSC trends in "grealistic future" simulations, where halogen loading decreases in accordance with the Montreal Protocol and CO2 continues to increase. In these simulations, the speed of ozone recovery is not influenced by either the choice of sea surface temperature and greenhouse gas scenarios or by the model version.
Apolipoprotein E mimetic is more effective than apolipoprotein A-I mimetic in reducing lesion formation in older female apo E null mice.

Objective The apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide Ac-hE18A-NH2, capable of reducing plasma cholesterol and possessing anti-inflammatory properties, was compared with the well-studied anti-atherogenic apoA-I mimetic peptide 4F for reducing lesion formation in female apoE null mice with already existing lesions.
Caregiver perceptions of accomplishment from assisting people with multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: Identify factors of informal caregivers, caregiving, and people with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving assistance that are associated with perceptions of caregiver accomplishment. Methods: National data were collected in a telephone interview survey of 530 informal caregivers and analyzed using an ordered logistic regression model to identify factors associated with perceptions of caregiver accomplishment among 442 of these informal caregivers (caregivers providing all data in their survey responses needed for the regression model). Results: We found that age of the person with MS and duration of caregiving measured by the number of hours per week the caregiver assisted the person with MS were significantly linked to positive perceptions of accomplishment. Conversely, the caregiver’s perception that assisting the person with MS was emotionally draining, a spousal relationship, and caregiver education levels were significantly associated with negative perceptions of accomplishment. Conclusions:...
Corrosion of Epoxy-Coated Rebar in Marine Bridges—Part 1: A 30-Year Perspective

Abstract The corrosion performance over a nearly 30-year service period of epoxy-coated rebar (ECR) in Florida marine bridges is presented. Severe ECR corrosion was noted earlier in several of those bridges, built with relatively high permeability concrete. Corrosion development took place later in some other structures with less permeable concrete, with instances where the corrosion was associated with preexisting cracks. Corrosion was found to be associated with coating imperfections and coating disbondment. Laboratory experiments and modeling indicated that macrocell coupling with remote cathodes was an aggravating factor. Quantitative damage functions relating the observed deterioration with service time of the affected bridges are presented. A predictive corrosion initiation-propagation model was developed and the model output is compared with the field results to identify suitable parameters for forecasting future rehabilitation needs. The prognosis for future corrosion development is discussed, wit...
Stereospecific effects of a nonpeptidic NK1 selective antagonist, CP-96,345: antinociception in the absence of motor dysfunction.

Abstract CP-96,345 has been identified as being a highly selective, nonpeptidic agent with subnanomolar affinity for the NK1 receptor. In the present study, we observed that pre but not posttreatment with this agent will produce depression in the second, but not the first phase of the agitation behavior induced by the injection of formalin into a rat's hindpaw. This effect is monotically dose dependent after intrathecal (10–200 μg/10 μl) or systemic (1–15 mg/kg, ip) administration. Even at the highest dose examined (400 μg/10 μl), there was only a transient motor weakness of the hindpaw. The stereoisomer CP-96,344 has no binding affinity, and has no effect on the formalin response, but shows the same dose profile for motor dysfunction at the highest dose. In contrast, Spantide, a peptidic sP ligand, had only a modest effect upon the formalism response at 1 μg/10 μl and produced a prominent, long-lasting motor dysfunction at 4 μg/10 μl. These results provide the first suggestion of sP antagonists having prominent analgesic activity with a significant therapeutic index (analgesic to motor), and emphasizes the probable role of the NK1 class of receptors in the spinal cord in mediating at least one class of nociceptive afferent input.
Stability characteristics of condensate films

The linear stability theory is used to study stability characteristics of laminar condensate film flow down an arbitrarily inclined wall. A critical Reynolds number exists above which disturbances will be amplified. The magnitude of the critical Reynolds number is in all practical situations so small that a laminar gravity-induced condensate film can be expected to be unstable. Several stabilizing effects are acting on the film flow; at an inclined wall these effects are due to surface tension, gravity and condensation mass transfer.
Abstract 2725: Establishment of the primary human tumor xenograft (tumorgraft) mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common form of pancreatic cancer continues to be plagued by a low overall 5 year survival rate, which has remained at a stagnant 5% over the past 30 years. In addition, pancreatic cancer is the 10 th leading diagnosed cancer, yet is the 4 th leading cause of cancer related deaths in the US, in both men and women. Recent research efforts have been focused on increasing our understanding of the molecular and genetic aspects of pancreatic cancer, in order to improve outcome for these patients. A major tool of pancreatic cancer research has been the use of established cancer cell lines, although the inherent ability of these cell lines to recapitulate human pancreatic disease is not ideal, due to growth in artificial environment and homogenous nature. Implantation of primary human tumor samples into immune compromised mice have been shown to be more genetically heterogeneous, and allow for more relevant genetic profiling data when compared to established cell lines. To better understand the molecular and genetic events in pancreatic cancer, we established a patient derived primary human tumor xenograft (tumorgraft) model system. Briefly, non-diagnostic tumor tissue was procured from previously consented patients at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital, under IRB approved protocols. The tumors were then examined grossly by a pathologist, and immediately implanted into the flank of immune compromised mice. Here we report, a set of 10 PDAC tumors, with a mean age of patients at diagnosis of 68.3 (± 11.6) years. Primarily, these tumors were stage II (six IIA and four IIB) and with a histological grade reported as five moderately differentiated and five poorly differentiated. Lymph node involvement at the time of surgical resection was also assessed and six patients were positive, while four patients were negative. The tumorgrafts retained the morphological and histological characteristics of the primary tumor, even after serial passage in mice, as determined by a pathologist blinded to tumor identity. Currently, we are using next generation sequencing to generate detailed gene expression, epigenetic, and genotyping profiles of these established PDAC tumors. This work is supported by UAB/UMN SPORE in Pancreatic Cancer-Career Development Award and the Department of Pharmacology/Toxicology, UAB. Citation Format: Patrick L. Garcia, Tracy Gamblin, Leona N. Council, John D. Christein, Martin J. Heslin, Joseph Richardson, Karina J. Yoon. Establishment of the primary human tumor xenograft (tumorgraft) mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2725. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2725
Geometric phase and Poincare sphere for cylindrical vector beams

Two Poincare spheres for cylindrical vector beams are described. The two spheres share circularly polarized LG modes as their eigenstates, i.e poles. A geometric phase is shown from evolution along the surface of these spheres.
Bridged cobalt amine complexes induce DNA conformational changes effectively.

Abstract Cobalt(III) hexaamine ion [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ] 3+ is known to facilitate the transition of B- to Z-DNA or B- to A-DNA depending on the DNA sequences. Specific interactions are found between the amines of [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ] 3+ and DNA atoms of A-DNA or Z-DNA. Bridged Co(III)pentaamine complexes, with multiple amine groups arranged in a rigid framework, may enhance the effectiveness of the conformational transition by occupying simultaneously two of the Co(III)hexaamine binding sites. Therefore, the imidazole-bridged Co(III)pentaamine complexes have been synthesized and their interactions with DNA oligonucleotides investigated by circular dichroism (CD) and NMR spectroscopy. CD studies of the titrations of d(A 2 C 15 G 15 T 2 ) with [(NH 3 ) 5 Co(Im) Co(NH 3 ) 5 ]Br 5 and [{(NH 3 ) 5 Co(Im)} 2 Co(NH 3 ) 4 ]Br 7 showed that the former metal compound indeed is more effective than [Co(NH 3 ) 6 ] 3+ in inducing the transition from B- to A-DNA. The conversion of B- to A-DNA was also supported by one- and two-dimensional NMR studies. Similarly for the titrations of poly(dC-dG)·poly(dC-dG) and d(m 5 C-G) 15 with these two bridged Co(III) complexes, efficient induction of Z-DNA was observed. Our studies suggest that bridged Co(III)pentaamine complexes may be useful agents for studying nucleic acid structures.
Introduction microcomputers in psychology

A simple introduction to microcomputers is provided. References are provided for more detailed descriptions of some systems and applications in psychology.
Stabilizing bit-rates in quantized event triggered control systems

Event triggered systems are feedback systems that sample the state when the novelty in that state exceeds a threshold. Prior work has demonstrated that event-triggered feedback may have inter-sampling intervals that are, on average, greater than the sampling periods found in comparably performing periodic sampled data systems. This fact has been used to justify the claim that event-triggered systems are more efficient in their use of communication or computational resources than periodic sampled data systems. If, however, one accounts for quantization effects and maximum acceptable delays, then it is quite possible that the actual bit-rates generated by event triggered systems may be greater than that of periodically triggered systems. This paper examines the bit-rates required to asymptotically stabilize nonlinear event triggered systems. An increasing upper bound on the stabilizing bit-rate with respect to the norm of the state is derived. This increasing upper bound on the stabilizing bit-rate reveals the efficient attentiveness property of event triggered systems, i.e. the farther the state is away from the origin, the higher the stabilizing bit-rate will be. Moreover, this paper presents the conditions under which the stabilizing bit-rates asymptotically go to 0.
Suppression of phorbol ester-enhanced radiation-induced malignancy in vitro by protease inhibitors is independent of protein kinase C.

Abstract X-irradiation and the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) act in a synergistic manner to increase the yield of transformed C3H10T 1 2 cells in vitro . TPA modulated both translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane, and down regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) after prolonged (48 h) TPA exposure. N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), antipain, and soybean-derived Bowman-Birk inhibitor, protease inhibitors that supress transformation of C3H10T 1 2 cells, had no effect on these TPA-mediated alterations of PKC activity, suggesting that protease inhibitors suppress TPA-stimulated promotion in vitro via a PKC-independent pathway. Several experiments were performed to determine whether non-toxic concentrations of the PKC inhibitors, N-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK), TPCK, N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), or 1-(5-isoquinoline-sulfonyl)-2-methyl-piperazine (H-7), modulated the movement of cells from a quiescent state into the cell cycle. TPCK and the combination of H-7 and W-7 lowered DNA synthesis when cells were stimulated to divide by TPA. Because other protease inhibitors that slow transformation in vitro did not have the same suppressive effect on DNA synthesis, the inhibitory pathway that suppresses carcinogenic activity is likely to be different from the suppression of DNA synthesis.
A Behavioral Approach to Leadership: Implications for Diversity in Today's Organizations:

Most attention has been given to internationalization and information technology as future challenges facing organizational leaders going into the 21 st century. Although diversity is sometimes men...
No Net Loss of Brook Trout Distribution in Areas of Sympatry with Rainbow Trout in Tennessee Streams

Abstract Lowest distributional elevations for brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis in 25 streams in east Tennessee were determined during 1991–1995 to evaluate changes related to encroachment and possible replacement by rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss since surveys conducted during 1978–1984. No efforts to remove rainbow trout or enhance brook trout populations were made in these streams during the 7–16-year intervals between surveys. Compared with the earlier surveys, brook trout distributions receded (lower elevation increased) in nine streams (36%), advanced (lower elevation decreased) in eight streams (32%), and did not change in eight streams (32%). The average total change in stream length occupied by brook trout was a 109-m downstream increase (SE = 82) with a mean annual increase of 8 m (SE = 6). Neither average total change nor annual change was significant (P > 0.19). Additionally, the highest elevations at which rainbow trout were present (determined in 10 streams) increased in four streams but ...
Dynamic compressive magnetic resonance imaging using a Gaussian scale mixtures model

Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used to observe dynamic physiological changes in tissue or to study organs with mobile structures such as the heart. In order to accurately capture spatiotemporal changes, it is desirable to have dynamic images with high temporal resolution in addition to high spatial resolution. Due to the nature of data acquisition in current MRI systems, there exists a trade-off between temporal and spatial resolution. In this work, we present two methods for improving the spa-tiotemporal resolution in dynamic MRI using compressive sampling (CS). Experimental results illustrate that the proposed Bayes least squares-Gaussian scale mixtures (BLS-GSM) model-based CS algorithm compares favorably with other state-of-the-art compressive dynamic MRI techniques.
Injections of bombesin into the substantia nigra produce hypothermia and hypophagia in food-deprived rats.

Abstract Hypothermia and hypophagia have been elicited, under a variety of experimental conditions, by central injections of bombesin. The preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus has been suggested as the active site for the hypothermia observed in rats exposed to cold, while the lateral hypothalamus has been implicated in the production of hypophagia induced by bombesin. Data are reported here demonstrating a significant, dose-related decrease in both intake of food and body temperature following microinjections of bombesin into the substantia nigra of male rats deprived of food for 18hr. Similar injections into the preoptic area, the lateral hypothalmus and the ventromedial hypothalamus failed to produce a consistent decrease in either intake of food or body temperature. Although a decrease in body temperature was demonstrated following injections into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, this decrease did not appear to be dose-related. Injections of bombesin at this site had no effect on food intake. The possibility of an underlying dopaminergic mechanism for the hypothermie and hypophagic effects of bombesin is discussed.
Immunological memory function of the T and B cell types: distribution over mouse spleen and lymph nodes.

Spleens from LAF1 mice injected intravenously with sheep erythrocytes (SE) are relatively rich in memory T cells early in the immune response (1 to 3 days) and rich in memory B cells as the response progresses (2 weeks or more). Marked cooperation for the secondary immune response in vitro was obtained by combining 106 spleen cells from LAF1 mice, taken 2 days after intravenous priming with SE, with 107 spleen cells from day 14 primed mice. The results indicate relative deficiencies in the spleen for B memory cells on days 1 to 2 and for T memory cells on day 14 after priming. Day – 14, but not day – 2, immune lymph node (LN) cells could replace the day – 2 spleen cells (anti-Thy 1.2 sensitive) in the in vitro cooperation with day – 14 immune spleen cells. Immune spleen cells taken 4 to 7 days after priming contain more equivalent numbers of B and T memory cells, but 10 to 7 days after transfer of such immune spleen cells without SE into irradiated recipients the T memory cells were again more prominent in lymph node and the B memory cells in spleen as shown by in vitro cooperation studies. These results suggest that during the second week after intravenous injection of SE relatively more T than B memory cells migrate from spleen to lymph node, resulting in an imbalance in the splenic memory cell population favoring B memory cell function.
WAR HORSE (wide-area reconnaissance: hyperspectral overhead real-time surveillance experiment)

In recent years the Optical Sciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has been involved in the development of real-time hyperspectral detection, cueing, target location, and target designation capabilities. Under the Dark HORSE program it was demonstrated that a hyperspectral sensor could be used for the autonomous, real- time detection of airborne and military ground targets. This work has culminated in WAR HORSE, an autonomous real-time visible hyperspectral target detection system that has been configured for us on a Predator Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV). The sensor system provides Predator with the ability to detect manmade objects in areas of natural background. The system consists of a visible hyperspectral imaging sensor, a real-time signal processor, a high-resolution visible line scan camera, an interface and control software application, and a data storage medium. The system is coupled to an on- board GPS/INS to provide target geo-location information and relevant data is transmitted to a ground station using line- of-sight down-link capabilities. The presented paper will provide an overview of the WAR HORSE sensor system hardware components and their integration aboard a Predator UAV. In addition, the results of a recently completed demonstration aboard the Predator UAV will be provided. This demonstration represents the first autonomous real-time hyperspectral target detection system to flown aboard a Predator UAV.
Detection of the minimal supersymmetric model Higgs boson H0 in its h0h0 → 4b and A0A0 → 4b decay channels

Abstract We demonstrate that detection of the heavier minimal supersymmetric model CP-even Higgs boson H 0 will be possible at the LHC via its H 0 → h 0 h 0 → 4 b and/or H 0 → A 0 A 0 → 4 b decay channels for significant portions of the ( m A 0 , tan β) model parameter space. At low m A 0 (≲ 60 GeV), both the H 0 → A 0 A 0 → 4 b and H 0 → h 0 h 0 → 4 b modes yield a viable signal for most tan β values; viability for the h 0 h 0 channel extends up to m η 0 ≈ m t when the model parameter tan β is not large. At the Tevatron, the h 0 h 0 and A 0 A 0 channels are both potentially viable at low m A 0 for sufficiently good b -tagging efficiency and purity.
Characterization of a novel serine/threonine protein phosphatase (PfPPJ) from the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum.

Abstract A novel protein phosphatase cDNA of the PPP superfamily was identified from the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), and tentatively named PfPPJ. The predicted primary structure of the phosphatase contained all the known conserved motifs of the PPP superfamily essential for catalytic activity. The enzyme was specific for dephosphorylation of phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues with very little activity against phosphotyrosine residues. However, the sequence at its C-terminal end was unique, and was consistent with its resistance to the classical PP2A-specific inhibitors such as okadaic acid and microcystin-LR, and the PP1-specific inhibitor, mammalian heat-stable inhibitor-2 (I-2). Even the catalytic core of PfPPJ had a sequence substantially different from the other PPPs such that PfPPJ could be placed in an apparently separate phylogenetic branch. At 294 amino acids residues, PfPPJ was one of the smallest okadaic acid-resistant PPP phosphatases known. By Northern blot analysis, the expression of the PfPPJ mRNA showed the following pattern: schizont>ring>trophozoite, which closely paralleled the expression of the protein, as determined by immunofluorescence. Together, these results suggested a parasitic stage-specific transcriptional regulation of this novel and potentially unique protozoan phosphatase.
Dispersing carbon nanotubes using surfactants

We review the recent advances in dispersing single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using amphiphilic surfactants in aqueous solutions. Three aspects are discussed. (1) On the organization of surfactant molecules with SWNTs, new insights at the microscopic level arise from electron microscopy and detailed computer simulation studies. (2) Quantitative measurements, such as molecular interactions between functional groups and SWNTs, the coverage of surfactant on SWNTs in solution, the charge state of the SWNT/surfactant complex, and the degree of dispersion are critical for better understanding dispersion mechanisms and for the further development of dispersion strategies. (3) The thermodynamic driving forces and the role of metastability in the structure of surfactant dispersed SWNT suspensions are analyzed. An outlook on practical and fundamental issues is also presented.
Oxidative stress, inflammation, and pulmonary function assessment in rats exposed to laboratory-generated pollutant mixtures.

Oxidative stress may mediate adverse health effects of many inhaled pollutants. Cardiopulmonary responses of Sprague-Dawley rats to inhalation of whole or filtered gasoline engine exhaust (GEE, FGEE); simulated downwind coal emission atmospheres (SDCAs) from two types of coal, each tested at two concentrations; and two concentrations of re-aerosolized paved road dust (RD) were evaluated. In situ chemiluminescence and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were used to evaluate oxidative reactions in the lungs, heart, and liver immediately following exposures. Pulmonary inflammatory responses were measured by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell counts. Respiratory function parameters during exposure were measured by plethysmography. Only GEE significantly enhanced in situ chemiluminescence (all three organs), but only exposure to the high RD concentration increased TBARS (hearts only). There was a weak trend toward increased macrophages recovered in lavage fluid from both SDCAs, and macrophages were...
Primary Care Physicians Treat Somatization

BACKGROUND We hypothesized that somatizing patients managed by primary care physicians (PCP) would improve with a relationship-based intervention.
Evaluation of Electrostatic Charges on Aerosol Particle Attractiveness to Silicon Wafers in Class-1 Cleanrooms

A series of tests were performed to define the required ion emitter balancing and cleaning frequencies. The voltage drift and discharge time drift were used to determine acceptable maintenance servicing schedules. The ion emitter operating limits were determined experimentally by measuring the maximum electrostatic charge that would build up on a wafer before it was at risk of attracting particles out of the airstream. A site survey was performed on cleanroom equipment and processes using a noncontact field meter to identify critical areas with greater than 1000 V of surface charge. Programs have been initiated which require "at risk" processes to perform specific testing to determine whether ionization emitters are needed.
Water release rates, active areas, and minimum nuclear radius derived from visual magnitudes of comets—an application to comet 46P/Wirtanen

Abstract A semi-empirical photometric method is developed to estimate water release rates from visual magnitude measurements of “normal” comets of abundance ratio C 2 :CN ≈ 1.46 ± 0.68 for the heliocentric distance range 2.5-0.5 AU for which the aperture of the instrument, projected on the coma, is larger than the effective scale length of C 2 . The method is applied to comets Austin (1982 VI), Bradfield (1979 X), Bradfield (1980 XV), Bradfield (1987 XXIX), P/Brorsen-Metcalf (1989 X), Levy (1990 XX), Liller (1988 V), and 46P/Wirtanen. The water release rates are compared with those derived from observed OH or OI (6300 A) line fluxes. The H 2 O release rates estimated from visual magnitude measurements may have typical errors of about 2–4, while maximum errors may be as high as a factor of 10. The total active area ( AA ) on the sunlit side of the nucleus has been estimated from derived water release rates combined with theoretical estimates of H 2 O flux rates (molecules cm −2 s −1 ) by vaporization theory for an assumed nuclear visual albedo p v = 0.03. The constraint AA ≤ 2 π ( R N ) 2 has been used for estimation of the lower limit of the nuclear radius of a comet. For comet 46P/Wirtanen, the variation of water release rates with heliocentric distance ( r ), total active area, lower limit of nuclear radius, and fractional active area are: Q (H 2 O) = 1.8 × 10 28 r −7.0±0.4 mols −1 , 6 ± 3 km 2 , 1.0 km, and 0.15, respectively.
Encapsulated Interface Bilayers for Durable Biomolecular Materials

This paper introduces the concept of hydrogel encapsulated interface bilayers as a novel approach for creating durable encapsulated biomolecular materials. The regulated attachment method (RAM) is used to form encapsulated interface bilayers from lipid-encased aqueous volumes contained in a deformable supporting substrate. Physically-encapsulated interface bilayers exhibit increased durability and portability over droplet interface bilayedrs and RAM enables the in situ bilayer formation without the need to dispense and arrange individual droplets. The results presented in this paper demonstrate that poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate monomers (PEG-DMA, Mw = 1000), a photopolymerizable hydrogel monomer, and Irgacure 2959 photoinitiator can be incorporated into the aqueous phase in order to form hydrogel encapsulated interface bilayers. Following bilayer formation, exposure to an ultraviolet (UV) light initiates photopolymerization of the polymer on both sides of the bilayer, creating interface bilayers between solid aqueous phases. Electrical recordings of bilayer formation in the liquid state confirm that interface bilayers formed from photopolymerizable aqueous solutions have both high electrical resistances > 1GΩ necessary for observing transmembrane protein gating and survive the UV curing procedure required to polymerize the hydrogel. Photopolymerization for 60 seconds using a 1W hand held UV spot cure light produced water-swollen solids on both sides of the membrane. Hydrogel encapsulated interface bilayers last for hours to days and retain the fluidity necessary for delivering alamethicin proteins to the interface.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Spectrophotometric determination of iron with 2-hydroxymethyl-6 (2′-hydroxymethyl-5′-hydroxy-4′-pyrone-6′)pyranyl-[3,2-b] pyran-4,8-dione

A method has been developed for the direct spectrophotometric determination of iron by using the reddish-orange coloured complex formed in the interaction of iron with 2-Hydroxy-methyl-6(2′-hydroxymethyl-5′-hydroxy-4′-pyrone-6′)pyranyl[3,2-b]pyran-4,8-dione (Woods reagent). The colour reaction follows Beer's law and is stable. The method is sensitive, reproducible and accurate. Of the several anions and cations studied, only a few interfered seriously in the determination of iron. However, the ones that do interfere seriously can be separated by conventional methods of separation.
Studying the influence of angiogenesis in in vitro cancer model systems

Tumor angiogenesis is a hallmark of cancer that has been identified as a critical component of cancer progression, facilitating rapid tumor growth and metastasis. Anti-angiogenic therapies have exhibited only modest clinical success, highlighting a need for better models that can be used to gain a more thorough understanding of tumor angiogenesis and screen potential therapeutics more accurately. This review explores how recent progress in in vitro cancer and vascular models individually can be applied to the development of in vitro tumor angiogenesis models. Current in vitro tumor angiogenesis models are also discussed, with a focus on aspects of the process that have been successfully recapitulated and opportunities for applying new technologies to expand model complexity to better represent the tumor microenvironment. Continued advances in vascularized tumor models will provide tools to identify novel therapeutic targets and validate their therapeutic benefit.
Comprehensiveness and restrictiveness in group decision heuristics: effects of computer support on consensus decision making

The application of heuristic devices has been proposed as one approach to improving consensus decision making. The heuristics are intended to provide problem structuring and, more broadly, to improve the process of interpersonal collaboration in work settings. This study drew from research on group decision making (e.g., Shaw 1971; Poole 1983), problem structuring (e.g., Abualsamh, Carlin and McDaniel in press; Cats-Baril and Huber 1987), computer-mediated communication (e.g., Kiesler, Siegel and McGuire 1987), and technology adoption (e.g., Poole and DeSanctis 1989) to compare alternative approaches to delivery of decision heuristics for a task requiring resolution of competing values and preferences. Based on the arguments of adaptive structuration theory and social judgment theory, we hypothesized that the addition of a general heuristic to a specific, computer-based heuristic would improve group consensus; that is, the greater the comprehensiveness of the heuristic, the greater the gain in consensus. We further anticipated that combining general and specific heuristics in an integrated, interactive form would bring additional gains in group consensus. Greater restrictiveness in how the groups could execute the heuristic devices was also expected to improve group consensus, especially in cases where the specific heuristic was not coupled with the general heuristic. The results supported some of these predictions. By comparing heuristics in terms of their comprehensiveness and restrictiveness, we developed some understanding of how decision heuristics might be implemented within a computer-supported meeting environment.