cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Creative Interventions for Teaching Empathy in the Counseling Classroom

ABSTRACTEmpathy is a foundational, necessary component of successful counseling. Relaying an understanding of empathy, including the components and science behind the phenomenon, is critical to the development of counselors-in-training. In addition, creative practice is a pillar of professional counseling, and is linked to experiential learning and meaningful integration of new knowledge in counselor education. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the definitions of empathy, provide current literature on the science of empathy, and discuss specific creative interventions to use within counseling courses to increase empathic knowledge and skills.
‘Move it or lose it’: perceptions of the impact of physical activity on multiple sclerosis symptoms, relapse and disability identity

This study explores the roles which individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) ascribe to physical activity (PA). PA is becoming more heavily promoted by health care providers to individuals ...
A brittle-2 transgene increases maize yield by acting in maternal tissues to increase seed number.

The enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase is essential for starch biosynthesis and is highly regulated. Here, mutations that increased heat stability and interactions with allosteric effectors were incorporated into the small subunit of the isoform known to be expressed at high levels in the maize endosperm. The resulting variants were transformed into maize with expression targeted to the endosperm. Transgenes harboring the changes increased yield some 35%; however, yield enhancement occurred via an increase in seed number rather than by increased seed weight. Interestingly, seed number increase is controlled by the genotype of the plant rather than the genotype of the seed as seeds increase in number whether or not they contain the transgene as long as the maternal parent has the transgene. The transgene is however expressed in the endosperm, and the altered allosteric and stability properties initially seen in Escherichia coli expression experiments are also seen with the endosperm-expressed gene. The extent of seed number increase is positively correlated with the average daily high temperature during the first 4 days postpollination. While these results were unexpected, they echo the phenotypic changes caused by the insertion of an altered large subunit of this enzyme reported previously (Plant Cell, 24, 2012, 2352). These results call into question some of the reported fundamental differences separating starch synthesis in the endosperm vis-a-vis other plant tissues.
Biomedical Consequences of Exposure to Space Radiation

Please note that figures were not sequentially cited in the text, and have been renumbered both in the text as follows
Enhancing the Performance of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with the Aid of Internet Gateways.

1 This research was supported in part by the Cleveland State University, EFFRD Grant No. 0210-0630-10. Abstract Mobile ad hoc networks allow mobile nodes to communicate with one another without the aid of infrastructure thus forming temporary networks on the fly. While such networks are gaining immense popularity, they are prone to scalability issues when the network size (number of nodes) increases, causing the path length between the source and destination to increase linearly. Hence a large number of intermediate nodes are burdened with the forwarding load imposed by other mobile nodes, drastically affecting the performance of ad hoc networks. In this paper, a technique to enhance the performance of MANETs is implemented based on existing infrastructure, which is originally to provide Internet access to MANET nodes resulting in infrastructured MANET. The base stations not only play as gateways to Internet but also serve as intermediate nodes between MANET nodes, thus taking responsibility of relaying most of the burden (packets) imposed by the mobile nodes in the network. Our simulation focuses on assessing performance gains with the introduction of the proposed gateways.
The Role of Abnormal Tibiofemoral Rotation in Pediatric and Adolescent Patellar Instability

Objectives:Abnormal patellofemoral tracking has been implicated in patellar instability and can be influenced by the bony anatomy and alignment of the femoral trochlea, patella, and tibial tubercle...
Ways of Listening: Hearing Danticat's Calls to Multiple Audiences in The Dew Breaker

This essay argues that Edwidge Danticat’s The Dew Breaker constitutes its audience as multiple in order to initiate relational practices across differently positioned groups of readers, on the model of stories in a short story cycle, so that they might decolonize their relations. The argument extends recent postcolonial theory of trauma literature that emphasizes the problems of idiopathic empathy and the importance of equal and reciprocal relations among communities to Danticat’s disparate readerships. The article contends that Danticat treats different cultural tasks as most important for different audiences and that her self-conscious address to multiple readerships undercuts the centrality of western readers. For Haitians in and out of dyaspora, The Dew Breaker often treats the aporia inflicted by historical trauma as calls to community and agency. For non-Haitian African-Americans, it highlights overlapping experiences with Haitian immigrants, providing a tentative basis for common struggle, while it differentiates black cultures. For Western readers, The Dew Breaker offers practice in stepping aside from central positions, recognizing the interpretive agency of other communities, and tracing US governmentality, which produces a cascade of aporia in the lives of immigrants.
Comments on “Role of solubility and solvation thermodynamics on the stability of l-phenylalanine in aqueous methanol and ethanol solutions”

Abstract Several errors were found in the published paper by Imran and coworkers [J. Mol. Liq. 265 (2018) 693-700] pertaining to the calculation of thermodynamic properties of solution of l -phenylalanine in binary aqueous-methanol and aqueous-ethanol solvent mixtures. Errors were also found in the calculation of the Gibbs energies and entropies for transferring l -phenylalanine from water to the various aqueous-alcohol solvent mixtures.
Time-to-event analysis to evaluate dormancy status of single-bud cuttings: an example for grapevines

The reduced growth of plants during the winter causes a lack in the perceptibility of the phenological events making challenging the study of dormancy. For deciduous crops, dormancy is generally determined by evaluating budbreak of single-node cuttings that are exposed to conditions suitable for growth. However, the absence of a statistical basis for analyzing and interpreting the budbreak behavior evaluated as the percent budbreak, the average time to budbreak and the time to reach 50% budbreak, has caused inconsistent and contradictory criteria to identify the dormancy status of different deciduous crops. In this study, a method was developed to analyze the duration between sampling and budbreak of single-node cuttings and to estimate the dormancy status for grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) based on the time-to-event distribution of the observations. This method estimates the probability curve of budbreak for each sample and classifies each curve into paradormancy, endodormancy, and ecodormancy according to the significance when compared to a sample curve estimated from cuttings collected during paradormancy and referred to as “reference.” The approach described in this study provided a comparison of the budbreak distribution of cuttings collected during distinct phases with a confidence of 95%. It also allowed the estimation of the date of occurrence of the dormancy stages for two grapevine cultivars ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Chardonnay,’ based on the variability within the sampling season rather than on fixed arbitrary criteria. This approach can also be used to analyze budbreak data of single-node cuttings from other common deciduous crops.
Defining the role of surgical drainage in paediatric deep neck space infections.

Objectives Surgical drainage is the traditional mainstay of treatment of paediatric deep neck space infection (DNSI), but recently non-operative management in selected cases has been advocated. We sought to identify any characteristics predictive of requirement for surgical intervention. Design Retrospective cohort study using receiver operating characteristics analyses. Setting Tertiary referral paediatric hospital. Participants Children (≤16 years) with a radiologically confirmed diagnosis of retro- or parapharyngeal abscess over a ten-year period. Main outcome measures Predictive value of clinical and radiological variables in determining the requirement for surgical intervention. Length of hospital stay (LoS) was also examined. Results Ninety-three children were studied, 15 (16.1%) of whom underwent immediate surgery, 42 (45.2%) of whom underwent delayed surgery following an initial period of conservative management, and 36 (38.7%) of whom were managed conservatively. Age, WCC and CRP were not predictive of the need for surgical drainage. Radiological abscess diameter, however, was predictive of requirement surgery (AUC = 0.85 [95% CI ± 0.09] P = 0.02), with a cut-off value of 2.5 cm determined assuming equal weight to sensitivity and specificity. All DNSIs were successfully treated with no adverse outcomes, and there was no significant difference in LoS between groups. In those managed surgically, outcome and LoS did not depend on yield of pus. Conclusions Selected paediatric DNSIs can be successfully managed conservatively, with abscess diameter >2.5 cm a significant predictor of need for surgical intervention. Any benefit of surgery does not appear to depend on intra-operative yield of pus.
Depersonalization disorder and self-injurious behavior

Depersonalization is a subjective sense of unreality regarding various aspects of the self, experienced as disconnectedness from one's own body, mentations, feelings, or actions. When episodes of depersonalization are recurrent or persistent and lead to distress or dysfunction, the diagnosis of depersonalization disorder is made. Certain similarities in phenomenology, comorbidity, neurochemistry, and treatment response suggest a relationship to the obsessive-compulsive spectrum. However, depersonalization is a very poorly studied condition, and any conclusions must be viewed tentatively. Self-injurious behaviors are defined as intentionally self-inflicted bodily injuries without lethal intent. Basic categories are briefly described. Subsequently, the phenomenology and biology of both impulsive and compulsive self-injurious behaviors, and their relationship to the obsessive-compulsive spectrum, are discussed.
Radiation-Belt Remediation Using Space-Based Antennas and Electron Beams

Energetic electrons can be trapped in Earth’s magnetic field, forming the radiation belts (also known as the Van Allen Belts). These electrons, which can originate from the solar wind or a high-altitude nuclear explosion (HANE), have the potential to damage satellites in low-Earth orbit (LEO). For example, in 1962, the U.S. detonated a nuclear device at an altitude of about 400 km in the Starfish experiment. The resulting enhancement of the radiation belts disabled several satellites within a few months and energetic electrons remained in the radiation belts for up to several years. In order to address this potential vulnerability, schemes have been proposed to drain electrons from the radiation belts, with the most promising approaches based on using high-power very-low-frequency (VLF) waves to scatter the electrons into more field-aligned trajectories, forcing them to precipitate into Earth’s atmosphere. This paper will provide an overview of enhanced electron distributions in the radiation belts as well as approaches to VLF wave belt remediation including the use of either antennas or relativistic electrons beams in space to generate the VLF waves.
Lessons learned from SMAD4 loss in squamous cell carcinomas.

SMAD4 is a potent tumor suppressor and a central mediator of the TGFs signaling pathway. SMAD4 genetic loss is frequent in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Reports of SMAD4 expression in SCCs vary significantly possibly due to inter-tumor heterogeneity or technical reasons. SMAD4 loss is an initiation event for SCCs. In tumor epithelial cells, SMAD4 loss causes increased proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and "Brca-like" genomic instability associated with DNA repair defects. SMAD4 loss also plays a role in the expansion of cancer stem cells. Epithelial SMAD4 loss causes overexpression of TGFs that is released into the tumor microenvironment and contributes to SCC progression through proinflammatory and immune evasive mechanisms. SMAD4 loss, while not a direct therapeutic target, is associated with multiple targetable pathways that require further therapeutic studies. Altogether, SMAD4 loss is a potential biomarker in SCCs that should be further studied for its values in prognostic and therapeutic predictions. Such information will potentially guide future biomarker-driven clinical trial designs and improve SCC patient outcomes.
Multipacting Related Processes and RF Breakdown Protection by Using Bias Pulsing at the Nevis Synchrocyclotron

Instantaneous DC conduction currents of biased electrodes during multipacting were measured and multipacting related processes are discussed. It is shown that by pulsing the dee bias instead of keeping it steady, several important advantages may be gained with respect to RF amplitude buildup and discharge prevention and quenching. The breakdown protection system using bias pulsing in operation at the Nevis Synchrocyclotron is presented.
Engineering Chemoselectivity in Hemoprotein-Catalyzed Indole Amidation

Here we report a cytochrome P450 variant that catalyzes C2-amidation of 1-methylindoles with tosyl azide via nitrene transfer. Before evolutionary optimization the enzyme exhibited two undesired side reactivities resulting in reduction of the putative iron-nitrenoid intermediate or cycloaddition between the two substrates to form triazole products. We speculated that triazole formation was a promiscuous cycloaddition activity of the P450 heme domain, while sulfonamide formation likely arose from surplus electron transfer from the reductase domain. Directed evolution involving mutagenesis of both the heme and reductase domains delivered an enzyme providing the desired indole amidation products with up to 8400 turnovers, 90% yield, and a shift in chemoselectivity from 2:19:1 to 110:12:1 in favor of nitrene transfer over reduction or triazole formation. This work expands the substrate scope of hemoprotein nitrene transferases to heterocycles and highlights the adaptability of the P450 scaffold to solve challenging chemoselectivity problems in non-natural enzymatic catalysis.
Maximum Closeness Centrality k -Clubs: A Study of Dock-Less Bike Sharing

In this work, we investigate a new paradigm for dock-less bike sharing. Recently, it has become essential to accommodate connected and free-floating bicycles in modern bike-sharing operations. This change comes with an increase in the coordination cost, as bicycles are no longer checked in and out from bike-sharing stations that are fully equipped to handle the volume of requests; instead, bicycles can be checked in and out from virtually anywhere. In this paper, we propose a new framework for combining traditional bike stations with locations that can serve as free-floating bike-sharing stations. The framework we propose here focuses on identifying highly centralized - clubs (i.e., connected subgraphs of restricted diameter). The restricted diameter reduces coordination costs as dock-less bicycles can only be found in specific locations. In addition, we use closeness centrality as this metric allows for quick access to dock-less bike sharing while, at the same time, optimizing the reach of service to bikers/customers. For the proposed problem, we first derive its computational complexity and show that it is - hard (by reduction from the 3- SATISFIABILITY problem), and then provide an integer programming formulation. Due to its computational complexity, the problem cannot be solved exactly in a large-scale setting, as is such of an urban area. Hence, we provide a greedy heuristic approach that is shown to run in reasonable computational time. We also provide the presentation and analysis of a case study in two cities of the state of North Dakota: Casselton and Fargo. Our work concludes with the cost-benefit analysis of both models (docked vs. dockless) to suggest the potential advantages of the proposed model.
Agha Shahid Ali and the Phenomenology of Postcolonial Nostalgia

Scholars have generally analyzed nostalgia in cognitive terms – the ideas of home it traffics in, the stories it tells itself about the world, the narratives its subjects imagine themselves acting ...
The Eurogang Program of Research and Multimethod Comparative Gang Research: Introduction

In this chapter, we set the stage for the substantive chapters that were solicited for this edited volume of research on youth gangs in comparative perspective. We provide the reader with an introduction to the Eurogang Program of Research by detailing the history of the group and the development of the instruments recommended for use in multimethods cross-cultural research. We conclude with an overview of the chapters and highlight their contributions to our understanding of youth gangs.
I – FUNCTION SPACES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the function spaces. The concept of a single-valued function, consisting of a domain, a rule, and a range, is assumed to be familiar from elementary calculus. The chapter also discusses the real-valued functions of a real variable, that is, both the domain and range are sets of real numbers. Another useful concept in linear analysis is the generalization of distance, starting with the distance of a point from the origin. The familiar definition of | t | = + t if t ≥ 0, | t | = − t if t < 0 means intuitively that | t | is the distance of the point t on the real line from the origin without regard to direction. The chapter presents some examples of normed linear spaces whose elements are finite sequences, or n-tuples. It describes three requirements that must be kept in mind in defining a norm and reviews some special inequalities to prove the three norms.
Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Novel Approach to Large Classroom Simulation and Debriefing

Abstract Large classroom simulation allows educators to provide valuable clinical learning that may not otherwise be possible given the limited time and resources available for small group simulation. Including time-outs (mini-debriefs) with chunking of essential content is a feasible and well-received teaching strategy. It allows students to practice their clinical reasoning skills while the scenario is unfolding, much as they would in a real clinical situation. This novel approach to simulation and debriefing can be used with any number of clinical situations and may be an essential first step toward cultivating clinical reasoning in the large classroom.
Algorithmic and data modeling: will algorithmic modeling improve predictions of traits evaluated on ordinal scales?

Abstract Selection of markers linked to alleles at quantitative trait loci (QTL) for tolerance to Iron Deficiency Chlorosis (IDC) has not been successful. Genomic selection has been advocated for continuous numeric traits such as yield and plant height. For ordinal data types such as IDC, genomic prediction models have not been systematically compared. The objectives of research reported in this manuscript were to evaluate the most commonly used genomic prediction method, ridge regression and it’s equivalent logistic ridge regression method, with algorithmic modeling methods including random forest, gradient boosting, support vector machine, K-nearest neighbors, Naive Bayes, and artificial neural network using the usual comparator metric of prediction accuracy. In addition we compared the methods using metrics of greater importance for decisions about selecting and culling lines for use in variety development and genetic improvement projects. These metrics include specificity, sensitivity, precision, decision accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We found that Support Vector Machine provided the best specificity for culling IDC susceptible lines, while Random Forest GP models provided the best combined set of decision metrics for retaining IDC tolerant and culling IDC susceptible lines.
Relationships between Key Functions of Patient-Provider Communication, Trust, and Motivation across White, African American, and Hispanic/Latino Patients with Asthma.

Patient-provider communication is essential for providing effective care for asthma patients. However, little is known about key functions of communication and their relationships with outcomes in ...
Establishment of a human induced pluripotent stem cell line (SDQLCHi037-A) from a patient with Alagille syndrome carrying heterozygous mutation in JAG1 gene.

Abstract Alagille syndrome is a complex multisystem autosomal dominant disorder that is caused by a defect in the Notch signaling pathway. We established an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a 3-month-old boy with Alagille syndrome carrying a heterozygous mutation c.1615C > T (p.Q539X) in JAG1 gene. This iPSC line was free of exogenous gene, expressed pluripotency markers, had normal karyotype, exhibited differentiation potential and harbored the same mutations found in the patient. This iPSC line offers a cell-based model for drug screening studies.
The Majority of Typhoid Toxin-Positive Salmonella Serovars Encode ArtB, an Alternate Binding Subunit

ABSTRACT Salmonella enterica encodes a wide array of virulence factors. One novel virulence factor, an A2B5 toxin known as the typhoid toxin (TT), was recently identified among a variety of S. enterica serovars. While past studies have shown that some serovars encode both the TT (active subunits CdtB and PltA and binding subunit PltB) and a second binding subunit (ArtB), these serovars were thought to be the exception. Here, we show that genes encoding the TT are detected in more than 100 serovars representing distinct phylogenetic lineages of S. enterica subsp. enterica, although clade B and section Typhi are significantly more likely to encode TT genes than serovars from other clades. Furthermore, we show that 81% of these TT-positive serovars also encode artB, suggesting that the cooccurrence of both toxin binding subunits is considerably more common than previously thought. A combination of in silico modeling, bacterial two-hybrid system screening, and tandem affinity purification (TAP) of toxin subunits suggests that ArtB and PltB interact in vitro, at least under some growth conditions. While different growth conditions yielded slightly higher transcript abundances of artB and pltB, both genes had their highest relative transcript abundances when Salmonella was grown under low-Mg2+ conditions, suggesting that ArtB and PltB may compete for inclusion in the TT. Together, our results suggest that ArtB likely plays an important and previously underappreciated role in the biology of the TT produced by typhoidal and nontyphoidal Salmonella. IMPORTANCE While previous reports had suggested that the typhoid toxin (TT) could potentially use ArtB as an alternate binding subunit, this was thought to play a minor role in the evolution and biology of the toxin. In this study, we establish that both TT genes and artB are widespread among Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica, suggesting that TT likely plays a broader role in Salmonella virulence that extends beyond its proposed role in typhoid fever. Furthermore, our data suggest the selective maintenance of both toxin binding subunits, which may compete for inclusion in the holotoxin. Last, our data support the importance of characterizing diverse nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars, as the presence of classically defined typhoidal virulence factors among NTS serovars continues to challenge the typhoid-nontyphoid Salmonella paradigm.
Liturgy and Contemplation in Byrd's Gradualia

Acknowledgments Introduction Chapter 1 The Gradualia cycle: genre and presentation Chapter 2 "Meditate these wel": English Catholic encounters with sacred texts Chapter 3 Liturgical practice and English Catholic identity Chapter 4 Text types and text settings Chapter 5 Chronology and narrative Bibliography Index
Combined effects of a ketogenic diet and exercise training alter mitochondrial and peroxisomal substrate oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle

A ketogenic diet with normal protein content (NPKD) increases body weight and fat mass, increases intramuscular triglyceride storage, and upregulates pathways related to protein metabolism. In comb...
A Case of Subacute Brain Hemorrhage and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Secondary to Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in a Pediatric Patient

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML), characterized by the reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17 [t(15;17)], is a result of proliferation of myeloid cells maturation which is interrupted at the promyelocytic stage. The central, and the most important, distinguishing feature of APML is a predisposition to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The overall prognosis of APML is very good, with 90% of patients achieving complete remission. We find it important to remind pediatric practitioners, both in the ambulatory and urgent care room settings, of presenting signs and symptoms of leukemia, as well as, up-to-date on management of such fulminant scenarios as DIC. Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is one of the commonest, and frequently fulminant complication of APML seen after initiation of induction chemotherapy. We report on a young female presenting with non-specific upper respiratory illness symptoms and recurrent headache, who was found to already have ICH and to be in DIC in the setting of APML at the time of initial evaluation. This case illustrates importance of thorough assessment and prompt consideration of wide differential diagnosis, which became somewhat limited and biased towards web-based telemedicine in the COVID-19 pandemics era.
Characteristics of patients who had deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression from among 116,890 inpatients with major depressive disorder

Background The aims of this study were to evaluate the characteristics of patients and the pattern and rate of use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for major depressive disorder (MDD) in the United States. Methods Data from the 2012-2014 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) included 116,890 patients. Patient variables included age, gender, race, median household income, insurance, primary diagnosis, primary procedure, length of stay, and total cost. Hospital variables included ownership, location, teaching status, bed size, and geographic region. Results Patients who received DBS for MDD were primarily high- income White females with private insurance. The mean age was 49.1 years (SD 7.85). The length of inpatient stay was 1 to 1.6 days. Total cost was highest in the West and lowest in the Northeast. Deep brain stimulation was mostly used by private nonprofit urban teaching hospitals in the South region of the United States. Conclusions Deep brain stimulation was used in .03% of the total inpatient population with a primary diagnosis of MDD. If efficacy is established in definitive trials, DBS could fill a need for patients with treatment-resistant depression who do not respond to standard therapeutics or electro-convulsive therapy.
The genetics of cognitive neuroscience

It has long been known that aspects of behavior run in families; studies show that characteristics related to cognition, temperament, and all major psychiatric disorders are heritable. This volume offers a primer on understanding the genetic mechanisms of such inherited traits. It proposes a set of tools--a conceptual basis--for critically evaluating recent studies and offers a survey of results from the latest research in the emerging fields of cognitive genetics and imaging genetics. The chapters emphasize fundamental issues regarding the design of experiments, the use of bioinformatic tools, the integration of data from different levels of analysis, and the validity of findings, arguing that associations between genes and cognitive processes must be replicable and placed in a neurobiological context for validation. The Genetics of Cognitive Neuroscience aims to give the reader a working understanding of the influence of specific genetic variants on cognition, affective regulation, personality, and central nervous system disorders. With its emphasis on general methodological points, it will remain a valuable resource in a fast-evolving field. ContributorsKristin L. Bigos, Katherine E. Burdick, Jingshan Chen, Aiden Corvin, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Ian J. Deary, Gary Donahoe, Eco J. C. de Geus, Jin Fan, Erika E. Forbes, John Fossella, Terry E. Goldberg, Ahmad R. Hariri, Lucas Kempf, Anil K. Malhotra, Venkata S. Mattay, Lauren M. McGrath. Kristin K. Nicodemus, Francesco Papaleo, Bruce F. Pennington, Michael I. Posner, Danielle Posthuma, John M. Ringman, Shelley D. Smith, Daniel R. Weinberger, Fengyu Zhang
Earlier Work on Collectivizing Adverbials

We begin by considering the adverb together, attending first to its collectivizing use, as in John and Mary built a table together.
Notes as Securities: Reves and Its Implications

Prior to the Supreme Court's decision in Reves v. Ernst & Young, the lower federal courts were sharply divided on the applicable criteria to be employed in determining the security law status of notes. The tests utilized included the "family resemblance" approach, the "commercial/investment" standard, the "risk capital" test, and the Howey criteria. Given the divergent approaches, the Supreme Court's decision in Reves, although far from being a model of clarity, helps to resolve ambiguities in this area.
Indigenous Knowledge, Ecology, and Evolutionary Biology

Introduction 1. Defining Traditional Ecological Knowledge 2. All Things Are Connected: Communities as Both Ecological and Social Entities in Indigenous American Thought 3. Predators Not Prey: "Wolves of Creation" Rather Than "Lambs of God" 4. Metaphors and Models: Indigenous Knowledge and Evolutionary Ecology 5. Cultural and Biological Creation and the Concept of Relatedness 6. Applying Principles of TEK within the Western Scientific Tradition 7. Connected to the Land: Nature and Spirit in Native American Novels 8. Ecological Indians: European Imaginations and Indigenous Reality 9. A Critical Comment on Both Western Science and Indigenous Responses to the Western Scientific Tradition 10. Who Speaks for the Buffalo? Finding the Indigenous in Academia 11. Traditional Ecological Knowledge: The Third Alternative
Pricing and resource provisioning for delivering E-content on-demand with multiple levels-of-service

Businesses selling multimedia rich software or e-content are growing in the Internet. The e-content can be downloaded or streamed immediately after an on-line transaction. Since Internet connection speeds are variable, ranging from dial-up access speeds to broadband speeds, a content provider may provide different levels-of-service (LoS) for the same content. If a provider offers service at different LoS, for example at 56 kbps and 128 kbps, how should the price of the service be set such that the provider makes the most money? In addition, how should the server resources be provisioned among the different service levels? In this paper, we address such pricing and resource provisioning issues for sellinge- content at multiple service levels.
Molecular Genetics of Chronic Pancreatitis

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive inflammatory condition of the pancreas that results in impairment of both exocrine and endocrine functions of the gland. The finding that a mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene (PRSS1) causes hereditary pancreatitis was a major breakthrough that stimulated intensive research into the genetics of chronic pancreatitis. Further disease-causing mutations were identified in the PRSS1 gene, and mutations in novel genes (SPINK1, CFTR, CTRC, CASR) have been described in patients with idiopathic chronic pancreatitis. Genetic and biochemical studies highlighted the importance of the tightly regulated balance between trypsin activation and inactivation in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Keywords: chronic pancreatitis; hereditary pancreatitis; cationic trypsinogen; SPINK1; CTRC
Statistical Properties of a Time-Series-Complexity Measure Applied to Stock Returns

We review a complexity measure (t) and its statistical properties, then apply it to four stock returns. Theta is a ratio of two correlation integral estimates, one taken before and one after shuffling the series to investigate. For random processes t a 1 while t approaches zero for data with low complexity. Sixteen artificially generated series with different dynamical characteristics – each represented by three sample sizes – were employed to investigate t‘s statistical properties. Its distribution approaches normality as the sample size is increased. When applied to stock returns, those computed at every price change proved less complex than lower frequency one- and five-minute returns, implying that information is being lost by increasingly less frequent sampling.
Evidence for Involvement of Protein Kinase C in Germinal Vesicle Breakdown in Chaetopterus

We have examined the possible involvement of protein kinase C (C-kinase) in the initiation of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in Chaetopterus oocytes. Two tumor-promoting phorbol esters (phorbol-12, 13-dibezoate and 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate [TPA]) and a permeant diacylglycerol (1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol), potent activators of C-Kinase, triggered GVBD. Two other phorbol esters (phorbol-13-monoacetate and 4α-phorbol-12, 13-didecanoate), which do not activate C-kinase, were inactive. Three C-kinase antagonists (W-7, H-7 and retinol) inhibited both naturally-and TPA-induced GVBD, whereas W–5, a much less inhibitory W–7 analog, had no effect on GVBD. Triggering of GVBD by TPA was independent of extracellular Ca2+. Although naturally-induced GVBD was blocked by micromolar concentrations of the calmodulin antagonist, calmidazolium (R24571), and by millimolar concentrations of the permeant cAMP analog, dibutryryl cAMP, TPA-induced GVBD was not affected by these agents. These results support the hypothesis that both C-kinase and calmodulin are involved in the sequence of events leading to GVBD in this species.
Chapter 19 Engineering sustainable facilities

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a road map for engineering sustainable facilities. Three cornerstones are important to understand the context for engineering sustainable facilities: (1) an understanding that facilities have unique attributes and characteristics that stem from the specific industry sector of a facility, its specific project type, and the specific context that envelops the facility. (2) An understanding that implementation of sustainability in facilities can be achieved by following a general strategy for engineering sustainable facilities. (3) An understanding that there are multiple opportunities in the life cycle of the facility for the application of sustainability principles, concepts, strategies, guidelines, specifications, standards, heuristics, best practices, lessons learned, or tools. The road map for engineering a sustainable facility contains a set of 15 closely interrelated and interdependent elements that come together, as a cohesive whole, in an Integrated Project Definition Model (IPDM). The IPDM provides a solid basis for achieving a sustainable facility by defining the parameters and approaches within which the procurement, construction, commissioning, turnover, and start-up processes can be executed in a sustainable way. Each of these 15 elements contributes in a different way to establish the degree, breadth, and depth of efforts to ensure the sustainability of a specific facility.
Two Conjectures of G.D. Birkhoff

The spatial (planar) three-body problem admits the ten (six) integrals of energy, center of mass, linear momentum and angular momentum. Fixing these integrals defines an eight (six) dimensional algebraic set called the integral manifold, M(c, h) (m(c, h)), which depends on the energy level h and the magnitude c of the angular momentum vector. The seven (five) dimensional reduced integral manifold, M R (c, h) (m R (c, h)), is the quotient space m(c, h) (m(c, h)/SO 2) where the SO 2 action is rotation about the angular momentum vector. We want to determine how the geometry or topology of these sets depends on c and h. It turns out that there is one bifurcation parameter, ν = −c 2 h, and nine (six) special values of this parameter, ν i , i = 1, …,9.
Extravagaria V: photographing conferences (advanced)

Photographing a conference is a serious matter. Major commercial conferences like TED and the O'Reilly conferences hire professionals to capture their meetings both for advertising and historical purposes. OOPSLA typically has a historically important set of people speaking and attending, and every OOPSLA holds the possibility of premiering a major new idea in computing. The problem with most professional photographers, though, is that they don't know who to photograph aside from speakers and panelists - but we do. In this workshop you will learn and hone intermediate and advanced technical and aesthetic techniques for good conference photography, and you will practice these techniques during OOPSLA. Work will be critiqued using a writers' workshop process to enable you to continue learning and improving after the workshop. Participants will be expected to attend a full-day of lectures and interactive learning activities as well as photograph Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday with short, early morning writers' workshops on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday.
Immobilized α-d-galactosidase in the sugar beet industry

Abstract Mycelia containing α-galactosidase have been used commercially for about ten years to hydrolyse raffinose in beet sugar molasses to aid in the production of sugar. The development of α-galactosidase-producing strains of three genera of fungi, the production of the enzyme and its use in beet sugar manufacture are reviewed. The treatment of mycelial pellets containing the α-galactosidase with glutaraldehyde and the consequent stabilization of the activity are described.
Fertility and abortion rates in the United States, 1960-2002.

This paper provides a general overview of trends in the United States (US) birth, fertility and abortion data from 1960 to 2002. Rates by age, race and Hispanic origin are also discussed. Data presented in this paper are derived primarily from published reports of the US government's Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics. In 2002, there were 4 021 726 births in the US. The general fertility rate was 64.8 births per 1000 women aged 15-44 years, the total fertility rate was 2013.0 children per 1000 women, and the net reproduction rate was 968 daughters per 1000 women. These rates have declined in the US since 1960, down by at least 44% for all rates. While these rates have been declining, there are substantial differences in fertility patterns by age and race and Hispanic origin. Rates for women, 30 years of age and over, increased between 1980 and 2002. In contrast, rates for women under 25 years of age rose considerably during the late 1980s, and then decreased sharply since 1991. Rates for women in their late twenties (25-29 years of age), the principal childbearing ages, have fluctuated within a narrow range throughout this period (1980-2002). As a result of the increase in births to older women, the mean age of mother at first birth increased by nearly 4 years from 1968 to 2002. In 2000, the latest year for which data are available, there were 21.3 induced abortions per 1000 women aged 15-44 years, down from 27.4 in 1990. The total abortion rate, average number of legally induced abortions that would occur to a hypothetical cohort of 1000 women, was 672.0 abortions per 1000 women in 2000, down from 785.5 in 1980. The abortion rate has declined fairly steadily since 1980. Like the birth and fertility rates, substantial differences in abortion rates exist by age and race and Hispanic origin. The rates of induced abortion increased for women in their thirties between 1980 and 2000, whereas rates for women under 25 years of age and women 40 years of age and over decreased since 1980. The rate for women 25-29 years of age changed little. The rate of induced abortion was considerably higher for non-Hispanic black women (57.4) in 2000 than for non-Hispanic white women (11.7). The rate for Hispanic women (30.6) was intermediate. The total abortion rate was also much higher for non-Hispanic black women than non-Hispanic white and Hispanic women.
Radar Signature Analysis Using a Joint Time-Frequency Distribution Based on Compressed Sensing

A previously proposed time-frequency distribution based on compressed sensing (CS) is applied to radar backscattered signals for signature analysis. The CS joint time-frequency (CSJTF) distribution is based on the Wigner-Ville distribution, but employs CS to remove undesirable cross terms. To adapt the algorithm for radar signals, we develop a search procedure to find the optimal region in the ambiguity plane for achieving the best CSJTF distribution. The algorithm is then applied to backscattering data from several structures of interest, including a pipe, rotating turbine blades, and a moving human. The performance of the CSJTF is compared to that of the short-time Fourier transform and the reassigned spectrogram, and its limitations in time-frequency localization and resolution are discussed.
Mortality Salience of Birthdays on Day of Death in the Major Leagues

The authors assessed the relationship of mortality salience, as represented by birthdays, on the day of death. Preliminary studies considered the role of possible artifacts such as seasonality of birth and death, and time units for evaluation. On the basis of terror management theory's concept of “mortality salience,” the authors hypothesized that famous people, in this case Major League Baseball (MLB) players, would be more likely to die on or after their birthdays than would be expected by chance (the “birthday blues”), and that the greater their fame, as represented by induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame, the greater the concentration of deaths shortly after birthdays. The results supported the hypothesis. Theoretical underpinnings of these results and practical implications were discussed.
Development of cholinergic markers in mouse forebrain. I. Choline acetyltransferase enzyme activity and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry.

Abstract Measurements of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity were made during the development of the neocortical cholinergic innervation, and correlated with the development of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining pattern in mouse cerebral cortex and several other areas of the forebrain between the time of initial onset and maturity. ChAT activity can first be measured on postnatal day 6 (P6). The enzyme reaches 40% of adult activity by P18 and adult values by 7 weeks postnatal. The onset of AChE staining varies for different regions of the forebrain and for various areas within the cerebral cortex. The earliest appearance of AChE is seen in several basal forebrain nuclei including the striatum, the ventromedial region of the globus pallidus and the hypothalamus on embryonic day 18 (E18). In neocortex and olfactory cortex, AChE-stained axons are seen in the white matter before birth, but do not enter cingulate cortex and hippocampus until P2. By P2, almost all areas of the basal forebrain and diencephalon have acquired some AChE staining pattern. The adult distribution of AChE staining is reached by 3 weeks postnatal in all areas of the forebrain. Adult cerebral cortex shows a characteristic pattern of alternating AChE dense and AChE sparse bands which vary in depth depending on the cortical area. The cortical banding pattern develops in an ‘inside-out’ fashion, starting in layer VI and gradually entering more superficial layers. In parallel with the AChE pattern of development in cortex, transient AChE staining can be observed in some thalamic nuclei and in some forebrain fiber systems. In the neostriatum patches of intense AChE staining first develop along the ventrolateral border, then spread throughout the whole nucleus and finally coalesce to a uniform high density over the entire neostriatum. We discuss the close spatial and temporal correspondence between AChE pattern development and reported data on synapse formation, and speculate on the role of the cortical cholinergic system in development.
The process of logarithmic dilution.

Abstract The closed-chamber device used in the preparation of exponential gradients may also be used for the exponential dilution of samples prior to chemical or biological assay. We have prepared special sample chambers to hold 0.2 to 1 ml, and volumes of 5 to 20 ml. Our use of the method is the dilution of transforming DNA to the end point of faint positive test in bioassay. The calculated dilutions of unknown and standard provide a ratio of relative activity of the unknown. The range of dilutions obtained is described by ln C m C f = V f V m , where Cm is the concentration of solute in the closed mixing chamber, Vm is the volume contained, and Cf is the concentration of solute at the particular volume, Vf, appearing at the exit tip from the mixer. The dilutions beyond the second decade require monitoring by acid dilution or other method. For infinitesmal fraction size, a 10-fold dilution is found at 2.303 ml/ml, a 100-fold dilution at 4.606, etc. The actual dilutions are a function of sample size. If 0.10-ml samples are taken from a mixer sample of 1 ml, the calculations show a dilution of 9.8 in sample 24, and of 10.1 in sample 25. The exponential nature of the dilution has been verified by dilution of a dye or radioactive phosphate, or the dilution of an acid. The greatest use of the method is seen to be in the calibration of automation assemblies, or in bioassays, including immunoassays.
Guillain-Barré syndrome. Another cause of the "floppy infant".

• We report a 4½-month-old female infant with subacute onset of hypotonia. Symmetrical weakness, association with a viral illness, high CSF protein level, diminished nerve conduction velocities, and a prompt recovery were compatible with the diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome. The possibility that this disorder may occur in young infants with weakness should be considered. ( Am J Dis Child 131:699-700, 1977)
The Effect of Calcium Infusion and Calcitonin on PlasmaPhosphate in Sham-Operated and Thyroparathyroidectomized Dogs1

The effect of iv calcium infusion (1.6 mg Ca/min as acetate or chloride) on plasma phosphate concentration was studied in dogs. Comparisons were made between sham-operated (TI), thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX), and TPTX dogs administered calcitonin (50 MRC U × 2) during the calcium infusion. In anesthetized animals infused with calcium, a rise in plasma phosphate values was seen only in TPTX dogs. Subcutaneous calcitonin administration prevented this rise in TPTX dogs. Saline-infused controls, and urinary excretion measurements support the conclusion that the effects observed did not result from the presence or absence of parathyroid hormone. The results of these experiments demonstrate that calcitonin, from either endogenous or exogenous sources, prevents or reduces the rise in plasma phosphate concentration which would otherwise occur following calcium infusion in this species. This study supports the recent finding in rats that an important previously unrecognized role of calcitonin may be to moderate...
End point of the RaE beta spectrum

Abstract By demanding an energy signature with a semiconductor detector in addition to the momentum selection of a magnetic spectrometer, the end point of the RaE beta spectrum was determined without requiring any ambiguous corrections for scattering and background. The value of the end point was found to be 1.1615±0.0015 MeV.