cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
First principles investigation of the A7 to simple cubic transformation in As

Abstract We investigate by means of first principles variable cell shape molecular dynamics (FP-VCS-MD) the pressure induced A7 to simple cubic (sc) phase transformation in As. The major experimental facts associated with this phase change and with the individual phases are very well reproduced, including the weakly first order character of the transformation. We also report a visual animation of the atomic motion and charge density evolution during the structural change caused by: (a) a sudden compression of the A7 phase to 30 GPa, and (b) a stepwise compression up to 30 GPa at T = 300 K. The goal of this animation was to shed light into the nature of the trajectories generated by the fictitious VCS-MD.
On uncertainty of a proportion from a stratified random sample of a small population

This article considers the uncertainty of a proportion based on a stratified random sample of a small population. Using the hypergeometric distribution, a Clopper–Pearson type upper confidence bound is presented. Another frequentist approach that uses the estimated variance of the proportion estimator is also considered as well as a Bayesian alternative. These methods are demonstrated with an illustrative example. Some aspects of planning, that is, the impact of specified strata sample sizes, on uncertainty are studied through a simulation study.
The Effect on Thermal Nematic Stability of Schiff's Bases Upon Reversal of Terminal Substituents

Abstract Nematic liquid crystals have been found to produce dynamic light scattering when subjected to an electric field.(1) This electro-optic effect has stimulated widespread interest in the development of liquid crystals for display devices. It is desirable that the nematic material exhibit the nematic phase around ambient temperature and have a large mesomorphic range. No reported single component system meets these requirements although bis-(4′-n-octyloxybenzal)-2-chloro-1,4-phenylenediamine has a reported 120° nematic range just above ambient temperature (59–179°C).(2)
Angiotensin II and growth factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.

Angiotensin II and growth factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and growth factors mediate structural and functional changes during the course of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Studies in humans and experimental models with DN suggest their involvement in the development and progression of DN. Activation of renal tissue RAS and increased expression of growth factors have been demonstrated at early stages of the disease. Angiotensin II and growth factors alter renal hemodynamics and exert trophic changes in renal cells that eventually result in fibrosis through direct mechanisms or through the release of other mediators. Their effects are likely modulated by metabolic changes including high glucose and free fatty acids. While blockade of the RAS ameliorates DN in humans, such evidence for blockade of growth factors is still lacking. It is likely that susceptibility to the development of DN and therapeutic efficacy are modulated by genetic polymorphisms in components of the RAS and growth factors including their receptors and other target molecules. Approaches to understand the intricate relationship between these systems and the mechanism(s) by which they alter capillary permeability and result in structural changes are areas of fruitful investigation.
Formation of aerosol particles from reactions of secondary and tertiary alkylamines: characterization by aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

In ambient field studies conducted with aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS), individual particle mass spectra commonly contain ion peaks at mass/charge (m/z) 86, 101, 102, and 118. Particles with mass spectra containing these peaks show a strong correlation with high relative humidity and low temperatures. In an effort to identify these peaks, a series of smog chamber studies were conducted probing the chemistry of secondary and tertiary alkylamines. Specifically, in separate studies, trimethylamine, di- and triethylamine, and di- and tripropylamine were reacted in a 1 m3 Teflon outdoor smog chamber with naturally occurring levels of gas phase oxidants in ambient air. The aerodynamic sizes and individual mass spectra of the resulting aerosol particles were acquired continuously using aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ATOFMS). Both oxidation and acid−base reactions between amines and acids commonly present in the atmosphere (i.e., nitric and sulfuric acid) appear to play roles in the ...
Curbing the focal adhesion kinase and its associated signaling events by pentoxifylline in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells

Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine derivative currently being used in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. Recently, we had evaluated its action in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. PTX exhibited anti-metastatic activity by affecting key processes such as proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion and apoptosis. In light of the preliminary findings, the present work accounts for the possible mechanistic insights of the pathways affected by PTX. Aberrant Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) signaling forms a key determinant in breast cancer and in view of this fact we had investigated downstream processes regulated by FAK. PTX at sub-toxic doses lowers the level of activated FAK, Extracellular Regulated Kinase or Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (ERK/MAPK), Protein Kinase B (PKB/Akt) affecting cellular proliferation and survival. It blocks G1/S phase of cell cycle by inhibiting the expression of Cyclin D1/Cdk6. Further, it modulates the activities of RhoGTPases and alters actin organization resulting in decreased motility. PTX also delays tumor growth and inhibited blood vessel formation in vivo. In purview of these findings, PTX surely qualifies as a suitable prospect in the intervention of breast cancer.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 1 is downregulated during expansion of antigen-specific CD8 T cells following primary and secondary Listeria monocytogenes infections.

As regulation of CD8 T cell homeostasis is incompletely understood, we investigated the expression profile of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptors, VPAC1 and VPAC2, on CD8 T cells throughout an in vivo immune response. Herein, we show that adoptively transferred CD8 T cells responding to a Listeria monocytogenes infection significantly downregulated, functionally active VPAC1 protein expression during primary and secondary expansion. VPAC1 mRNA expression was restored during contraction and regained naive levels in primary, but remained low during secondary, memory generation. VIP co-administration with primary infection suppressed CD8 T cell expansion (≈ 50%). VPAC2 was not detected at any time points throughout primary and secondary infections. Collectively, our data demonstrate that functionally active VPAC1 is dynamically downregulated to render expanding CD8 T cells unresponsive to VIP.
Multivariate determination of glucose concentrations from optimally filtered frequency-warped NIR spectra of human blood serum

Glucose concentrations over the 39-160 mg dl-1 range have been determined from 357 NIR (near-infrared) spectra of human blood serum in the spectral region from 6766 cm-1 to 4003 cm-1. A frequency-warping procedure was applied to the NIR data to compress 511 spectral components into 102 in the 6766-4003 cm-1 spectral region. Before the data compression process was carried out, the NIR spectrum of deionized water was subtracted from each of the blood serum spectra to remove the intrinsic high background absorption due to the water. PLS (partial least-squares) regression was coupled with time-domain digital Butterworth bandpass filtering in an optimization procedure. The optimization procedure was carried out over a range of centre frequencies and bandwidths for first- (two-pole), second- (four-pole) and third- (six-pole) order bandpass filters, and over a range of PLS factors. The optimal PLS model and filter parameters were determined from a sequence of three-dimensional performance response maps for different numbers of PLS factors and filter orders. As a basis for comparison, the same optimization process was carried out for a Gaussian filter design approach (i.e., Fourier filtering). Using the optimally filtered frequency-warped NIR spectral data, an SEP (standard error of prediction) of 13.2 mg dl-1 was achieved fro the test (monitoring) data using 14 PLS factors and a simple first-order (two-pole) digital Butterworth bandpass filter.
Nationalist Discourse and Domestic Incentives to Prevent Settlement of the Territorial Dispute Between Guatemala and Belize

This article attempts to explain the difficulties involved in settling an enduring territorial dispute between Guatemala and Belize with a theory involving nationalism, discourse, and domestic politics. Leaders of both states have been unable to pursue settlement options that contradict nationalist discourse framing the territorial dispute. Settlement would damage leaders' credibility and reputations, resulting in domestic punishment. Analysis of 23 years of nationalist discourse, territorial dispute policies, and domestic responses in both Guatemala and Belize provides strong support for the theory.
Impact of flow unsteadiness on maneuvers and loads of agile aircraft

A program of airload measurements on a family of low-aspect-ratio delta wings with sharp leading edges, subjected to large amplitude pitch transients with angles of attack up to 90 deg, is reviewed. Even for small values of the pitch-rate parameter, representative of maneuvers anticipated for agile aircraft, the force and moment overshoots can exceed by 50 percent their steady-state values. This is explained in terms of the hysteretic behavior of the breakdown locations of leading-edge vortices. An approximate theoretical model is proposed which includes the breakdown hysteresis as part of a three-term representation of the unsteady chordwise load distribution.
RELATIVE ABILITY OF PARENTAL MARROWS TO RE-POPULATE LETHALLY IRRADIATED F1 HYBRIDS

The relative abilities of C57BL and 101 marrow to repopulate the hematopoietic system of lethally x-irradiated mice was determined. The disproportionately greater ability of 101 than C57BL cells to repopulate (C57BL X 101) F/sub 1/ recipients is reported, and data are given on the relative ability of marrow from other strains of mice to repopulate lethally irradiated mice. Consistent with the observation that C57BL marrow is less efficient that 101 marrow is the finding that the number of C57BL cells required to produce functioral long-terra marrow grafts was much larger than the number of 101 cells. Factors that might influence the differential in the growth ability of the two types of marrow are discussed. (H.M.G.)
Subsurface Quasi-Decadal Fluctuations in the North Atlantic

Abstract Analysis of hydrographic time series data at ocean station 5 (Panulirus) and along the Labrador continental margin is used to investigate the subsurface structure associated with the North Atlantic quasi-decadal SST fluctuation. Quasi-decadal fluctuations of both temperature and salinity are confined to the upper water column that is ventilated by the seasonal cycle. In the subtropical gyre, they are independent of the variations of the gyre baroclinic transport. On the Labrador continental margin, the quasi-decadal fluctuations are confined to the upper portion of the Labrador Current. The quasi-decadal fluctuation appears to be surface forced; in the subtropical gyre, this is predominantly by latent heat flux. In the subpolar gyre, latent and sensible heat flux alone cannot account for the in-phase variation of temperature and salinity. Instead, the variation involves upper-ocean convective mixing whose strength is modulated by the density of the winter-cooled surface water. It has been noted t...
Toward Second Order Game Problems: Decision Dynamics in Gaming Phenomena

The paradigm of decision dynamics [36] is used to describe the decision dynamics involving more than one decision maker. The frame-work supplied in this note is different from traditional game theory or differential games. Traditional simplicity assumptions are replaced by a more complicated, but more realistic, setting. Although much mathematically beautiful results in the traditional game theory or differential games have disappeared in the second order games, the more realistic setting of the latter does make it easier for the decision makers to find a “good” decision. Concepts of time-optimality and time-stability, and their necessary and/ or sufficient conditions are described. Unconventional concepts of strategies and uncertainty involved in gaming phenomena are discussed. A highlight of the article is a systematic discussion on reframing tactics of gaming situations, which do not exist in the context of traditional game theory or differential games. Various research topics are discussed at the end of the paper.
Fighting for Peanuts: Reimagining South Korean Soldiers’ Participation in the Wŏllam Boom

Using oral history sources, this article takes a bottom-up approach to explain why South Koreans volunteered to fight in the Vietnam War, comprising the largest group of foreign troops that participated after U.S. forces. Because these soldiers received pay in U.S. dollars for their military service in Vietnam, there has been considerable scholarly debate about whether they were mercenaries. This article goes beyond this question to examine how the South Korean socio-economic context and political culture pushed these men to fight in another postcolonial civil war so similar to the one they themselves recently had experienced. An obligation to provide financial support for their impoverished families and a cult of militarized valor prompted young men to choose war as a way to fulfill their masculine roles. South Korean President Pak Chŏng-hŭi [Park Chung Hee] also urged young men to see themselves as defenders of the “Free World” and inspired them to fight alongside American soldiers they had respected as children during the Korean War. Ultimately, this article explains how South Koreans found themselves fighting in a new Cold War conflict in Asia even while their own nation remained precariously divided and damaged because of a similar war.
Cyclopentadiene Elimination Reaction as a Route to Bis(Neopentyl)Gallium Phosphides, Crystal and Molecular Structures of (Me3CCh2)2GaPEt22 and (Me3CCH2)2GaP(C6H11)22.

The compound (Me3CCH2)2Ga(C5H5) has been observed to react at room temperature in pentane solution with HPEt2 and H2P(C6H11) to eliminate C5H6 and form [(Me3CCH2)2GaPEt2]2 and [(Me3CCH2)2GaP(H)(C6H11)]2, respectively. The additional new compound [(Me3CCH2)2GaP(C6H11)2]2 was prepared by a metathetical reaction between Ga(CH2CMe3)2Cl and LiP(C6H11)2 in diethyl ether. All three compounds were fully characterized in solution, whereas two of the three, [(Me3CCH2)2GaPEt2]2 and [(Me3CCH2)2GaP(C6H11)2]2, were characterized by X-ray structural studies.
Processing and using information about students: A study of expert, novice, and postulant teachers☆

Abstract Expert and novice mathematics and science teachers, along with a group of postulant teachers (content matter experts from business with a desire to teach but with no pedagogical training) participated in a simulated teaching task. All subjects were given extensive information about a class they were asked to take over and then questioned about their plans for instruction, and their recall of information about students. Analysis of the protocols resulting from these queries yielded nine propositions about how expert, novice, and postulant teachers process and use information differently. The differences and similarities among the three groups of subjects in ability to perceive, remember, and solve problems related to teaching indicate how expert teachers resemble experts in other fields and provide insight into the unique aspects of expertise in pedagogy.
Progress in ionized-argon lasers

During the past five years, the development of gas lasers, as measured in maximum available, continuously operating optical output power, has increased at the rate of about ten times per year. This growth, however, has not occurred in only one type of gas laser?four different wavelengths, in three gaseous media, have been responsible for maintaining this growth envelope. The author discusses the discovery of ionized noble gas lasers and their modus operandi, and presents the standard operation of ~ one-watt units to exemplify most of the salient characteristics of this kind of laser. The nature of the problems involved, and their tentative solutions in the quest for higher argon laser power (5-100 watts), is the subject of the main section of this article. This is followed by a few remarks on present and predicted applications for the interesting?and important?argon laser.
Usability Testing: Identifying Functional Requirements for Data Logging Software

One of the new tools in human factors today is usability testing. More and more human factors professionals are conducting these tests to get accurate feedback from typical users to improve the usability, overall quality, and sales of their products. American Institutes for Research has been doing usability testing for five years now and have discussed testing with the directors of many labs. We have a body of knowledge and experience from which other professionals can benefit. In particular, we will be discussing data logging software and the functional requirements for it. In this paper we will describe the requirements for data logging software to log data, edit the data log, back up data and analyze data.Due to the scarcity of commercially available data logging packages (we know of only one at the present time) we found it necessary to write our own software for use in our usability lab and we know others are doing the same. Based on our experience of writing and using this software, we will describe...
Numerical solution of the viscous flow in the entrance region of parallel plates

Abstract The numerical solution to the flow in the entrance region of a semiinfinite parallel channel was obtained for Reynolds numbers between zero and 2000. The governing equations, which are the steady-state, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, were first quasilinearized. The resultant linear equations were then approximated by finite-difference formulas, which were judiciously selected in order for the coefficient matrix of the finite-difference equations to be diagonally dominant. This system of the difference equations was solved by a Gaussian elimination process instead of the usual relaxation techniques. A convergence to solution of the original nonlinear equations was reached in three to four repeated Gaussian elimination processes. The numerical results are in good agreement with other known numerical solutions. Generally, four point formulas were employed in the finite-difference approximation, although some three point formulas were used near the boundary. The proposed numerical procedure was stable for all the Reynolds numbers considered.
Thalidomide and lenalidomide in the treatment of multiple myeloma

Although multiple myeloma (MM) is incurable with currently available treatments, the introduction of thalidomide and the development of safer and more active thalidomide analogues represent a major advance in the therapy of this disease. Thalidomide, initially introduced for treatment of MM because of its anti-angiogenic properties, has shown remarkable activity alone and in combination with other drugs in patients across all stages of the disease. Given the potential for teratogenicity with thalidomide and the non-haematologic toxicities of the drug, several analogues referred to as "immunomodulatory drugs" (IMiDs) were developed with the intent of enhancing the immunomodulatory effect while minimizing the teratogenic risk. Lenalidomide (CC-5013) and Actimid (CC-4047) are the first such analogues to undergo clinical testing. Lenalidomide has shown impressive activity in relapsed refractory myeloma as well as newly diagnosed disease. The precise mechanism of anti-MM activity of thalidomide and the IMiDs is not clear, but studies suggest that several other mechanisms besides anti-angiogenic effects may play a role. In this paper we review the development, pharmacology, mechanism of action, pre-clinical and clinical efficacy, and the current status of thalidomide and the IMiDs in the treatment of MM.
Resurrecting infeasible clock-gating functions

In this paper we consider the problem of exploiting infeasible clock gating functions. Analysis of industrial designs reveals a large margin of potential for power saving based on clock gating functions that initially appear to be useless due to timing violation or excessive power consumption. We propose two optimization techniques for resurrecting such functions that can be used as a generic post-processing phase in an automatic clock gating tool. The first provides timing-aware approximation and the second aims at generating large gating domains by clustering similar clock gating functions. Our experimental results show that the combination of these two techniques yields an additional power saving of up to 78% in industrial designs.
What do Animal Cancer Tests Tell us About Human Cancer Risk?: Overview of Analyses of the Carcinogenic Potency Database

Many important issues in carcinogenesis can be addressed using our Carcinogenic Potency Database, which analyzes and standardizes the literature of chronic carcinogenicity tests in laboratory animals. This review is an update and overview of our analyses during the past 15 years, using the current database that includes results of 5152 experiments on 1298 chemicals. We address the following: 1. More than half the 1298 chemicals tested in long-term experiments have been evaluated as carcinogens. We describe this positivity rate for several subsets of the data (including naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals), and we hypothesize and important role in the interpretation of results for increased cell division due to administration of high doses. 2. Methodological issues in the interpretation of animal cancer tests: constraints on the estimation of carcinogenic potency and validity problems associated with using the limited data from bioassays to estimate human risk, reproducibility of results in carcinogenesis bioassays, comparison of lifetable and summary methods of analysis, and summarizing carcinogenic potency when multiple experiments on a chemical are positive. 3. Positivity is compared in bioassays for two closely related species, rats and mice, tested under similar experimental conditions. We assess what information such a comparison can provide about interspecies extrapolation. 4. Rodent carcinogens induce tumors in 35 different target organs. We describe the frequency of chemicals that induce tumors in rats or mice at each target site, and we compare target sites of mutagenic and nonmutagenic rodent carcinogens. 5. A broad perspective on evaluation of possible cancer hazards from rodent carcinogens is given, by ranking 74 human exposures (natural and synthetic) on the HERP indes.
Dysregulated angiogenesis in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Morphologic, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric evidence

The extent of enhanced bone marrow angiogenesis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and relationship to proangiogenic factors and prognostic indicators is largely unexplored. To further investigate the role of angiogenesis in CLL by evaluating the topography and extent of angiogenesis in a group of CLL bone marrow biopsies, to study the expression of pro and antiangiogenic vascular factors in CLL cells to more precisely document the cell types producing these factors, and to evaluate the role, if any, of localized hypoxia in upregulation of angiogenesis in CLL We used immunohistochemistry (IHC) (n = 21 pts) with antibodies to CD3 and CD20, proangiogenic (VEGF, HIF-1a) and antiangiogenic (TSP-1) factors, and VEGF receptors -1 and -2 to examine pattern/extent of CLL marrow involvement, microvessel density (MVD), and angiogenic characteristics; flow cytometry (FC) was performed on 21 additional cases for VEGF and TSP-1. CLL patients had higher MVD (23.8 vs 14.6, p~0.0002) compared to controls (n = 10). MVD was highest at the periphery of focal infiltrates, was not enhanced in proliferation centers, and was increased irrespective of the presence or absence of cytogenetic/immunophenotypic markers of aggressivity. By IHC, CLL cells were VEGF(+), HIF-1a (+), TSP-1(-), VEGFR-1(+), and VEGFR-2(+). By FC, CLL cells were 1.4–2.0-fold brighter for VEGF than T cells and were TSP-1(-). CLL demonstrates enhanced angiogenesis, with increased MVD, upregulated VEGF and downregulated TSP-1. Upregulation of HIF-1a in all CLL cases suggests localized tissue hypoxia as an important stimulant of microvessel proliferation. The presence of VEGF receptors on CLL cells implies an autocrine effect for VEGF. Differences in MVD did not correlate with traditional genetic/immunophenotypic markers of aggressiveness.
Decoding binary block codes on Q -ary output channels

This paper presents an algebraic technique for decoding binary block codes in situations where the demodulator quantizes the received signal space into Q > 2 regions. The method, referred to as weighted erasure decoding (WED), is applicable in principle to any block code for which a binary decoding procedure is known.
Designing a medical writing course in a professional writing program: introducing undergraduates to the field

As a result of the increasing number of engineered medical devices, from joint replacements to pacemakers to oxygen concentrators and CPAPs (continuous positive airway pressure devices), coming onto the market, there is a need for writers to write pre- and post- surgical procedures for patients, materials to train physicians in using the equipment, and documents for regulatory agencies. A career in medical writing appears to be an increasingly attractive goal for undergraduate professional writing majors. The English Department at Purdue University Calumet has introduced a medical communication course into its undergraduate professional writing program. While a course in medical writing involves the same principles and heuristics as other technical writing courses, it also offers special challenges that transcend those normally found in a professional writing course, including knowledge of the scientific and regulatory processes, medical language, an understanding of statistical analyses and an ability to locate appropriate bibliographic sources. The course is composed of two parts: (1) Medical writing as a specialty of professional writing and (2) the major areas of medical writing. The latter is composed of four segments: (1) patient education materials, (2) pharmaceutical documentation, (3) medical journalism, (4) author editing.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Youth With and Without Type 2 Diabetes: Differences and possible mechanisms

OBJECTIVE—To compare cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among recently diagnosed youth with type 2 diabetes and nondiabetic youth and investigate whether demographic, behavioral, or metabolic factors might account for observed differences. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data from 106 type 2 diabetic and 189 nondiabetic multiethnic youth, aged 10–22 years, were analyzed. Prevalence of CVD risk factors were age and race/ethnicity adjusted using direct standardization. Multiple linear regression models were sequentially adjusted for demographic, behavioral (dietary saturated fat intake and physical activity), and metabolic (body adiposity and glycemia) factors to explore possible mechanisms associated with differences in CVD risk factors between the case and control groups. RESULTS—Compared with control subjects, youth with type 2 diabetes had a higher prevalence of elevated blood pressure, obesity, large waist circumference, low HDL cholesterol, high triglycerides, and high albumin-to-creatinine ratio (P < 0.05 for each risk factor). Type 2 diabetic youth also had higher levels of apolipoprotein B, fibrinogen, interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein, and leptin; lower adiponectin levels; and denser LDL particles (P < 0.05 for each risk factor). Adjustment for BMI, waist circumference, and A1C substantially attenuated differences in the CVD risk factors between the case/control groups, except for fibrinogen and IL-6, which remained significantly higher in type 2 diabetic youth. CONCLUSIONS—Compared with control youth, type 2 diabetic youth have a less favorable CVD risk factor profile. Adiposity and glycemia are important contributors to differences in CVD risk profiles among type 2 diabetic and control youth. Inflammatory and prothrombotic factors may also play an important role.
Hemoglobin a1c is associated with increased risk of incident coronary heart disease among apparently healthy, nondiabetic men and women.

3.0 mg/L had a 2.5-fold higher risk of CHD compared with participants in the lowest categories of both biomarkers. Conclusions-—Our findings suggest that HbA1c is associated with CHD risk among apparently healthy, nondiabetic women and men and may be an important early clinical marker of disease risk. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2:e000077 doi: 10.1161/ JAHA.112.000077)
An Adaptive Flight Controller Using Growing and Pruning Radial Basis Function Network

This paper presents a neural network based adaptive controller with application to a high performance flight vehicle such as F-15 military aircraft. The baseline dynamic inversion controller is augmented with a Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) that minimizes the inversion error which may occur due to imperfect modeling, approximate inversion, or sudden changes in aircraft dynamics such as failure of control surfaces. The RBFN is trained online using a simple growing and pruning algorithm in which hidden layer neurons are added or pruned based on the input to the network. The controller is simulated for 2 types of control surface failures with and without the adaptive neural network. The comparative results presented show the ability of the adaptive controller to compensate for errors arising due to the specified control surface failures.
Using a Faculty Survey to Kick-Start an Ethics Curriculum Upgrade

The article briefly reviews the external pressures for teaching business ethics. It then summarizes why teaching business ethics across the curriculum is essentially a necessity in the current environment. This leads to a discussion of six commonly adopted elements used when seeking to improve a business ethics curriculum. The case study uses these six elements to provide insights into contemporary challenges facing many business schools. The particular contribution of this article is in the area of methods to assess the status of the curriculum. The case study provides details about a faculty survey used as a compelling tool to kick-start a business ethics curriculum upgrade, not only based on the information that it yields, but the potent opportunity for conversation and collaboration. The conclusion summarizes the contemporary challenges and opportunities that business schools face. The instrument itself is in the appendix.
ALS insertion device block measurement and inspection

The performance specifications for ALS insertion devices require detailed knowledge and strict control of the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet blocks incorporated in these devices. The measurement and inspection apparatus and the procedures designed to qualify and characterize these blocks are described. A detailed description of a new, automated Helmholtz coil facility for measurement of the three components of magnetic moment is included. Physical block inspection and magnetic moment measurement procedures are described. Together they provide a basis for qualifying blocks and for specifying placement of blocks within an insertion device's magnetic structures. >
A component- and message-based architectural style for GUI software

While a large fraction of application code is devoted to graphical user interface (GUI) functions, support for reuse in this domain has largely been confined to the creation of GUI toolkits ("widgets"). We present a novel architectural style directed at supporting larger grain reuse and flexible system composition. Moreover, the style supports design of distributed, concurrent applications. Asynchronous notification messages and asynchronous request messages are the sole basis for intercomponent communication. A key aspect of the style is that components are not built with any dependencies on what typically would be considered lower-level components, such as user interface toolkits. Indeed, all components are oblivious to the existence of any components to which notification messages are sent. While our focus has been on applications involving graphical user interfaces, the style has the potential for broader applicability. Several trial applications using the style are described.
Illuminated by the Light of Islam and the Glory of the Ottoman Sultanate : Self-Narratives of Conversion to Islam in the Age of Confessionalization

In 1556-1557 a Hungarian convert to Islam by the name of Murad b. Abdul lah, otherwise serving as an imperial interpreter (dragoman, terc?m?n) for the Ottoman Porte, penned a polemical treatise entitled The Guide for One s Turning towards God. In it, he introduces the essentials of the Muslim faith by arguing Islam's superiority to Christianity and Judaism. In the conclusion to his work Murad states that by writing this treatise he hopes to bring about the conversion of Christians from different parts of Europe (Firengist?n) and secure the salvation of their souls by bringing them to Islam. With this goal in mind, ten years after completing the text in Ottoman Turkish Murad trans lated it into Latin, inscribing the translation onto the margins of the Ottoman text so that Christians in the remotest parts of Firengist?n could understand it and be drawn to the true faith. To this curious bilingual work he then added an autobiographical section, in both languages, describing the process of his own conversion to Islam.x To a student of early modern European history this story sounds ordinary enough: polemical autobiographical narratives of conversion from one Chris tian denomination to another were a staple of the propaganda wars waged among states and religious factions in the era of confessional polarization that swept across Christendom in the sixteenth century.2 From the standpoint
1H-MR spectroscopy metabolite levels correlate with executive function in vascular cognitive impairment

Background White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) are associated with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) but fail to correlate with neuropsychological measures. As proton MR spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS) can identify ischaemic tissue, we hypothesised that MRS detectable brain metabolites would be superior to WMHs in predicting performance on neuropsychological tests. Methods 60 patients with suspected VCI underwent clinical, neuropsychological, MRI and CSF studies. They were diagnosed as having subcortical ischaemic vascular disease (SIVD), multiple infarcts, mixed dementia and leukoaraiosis. We measured brain metabolites in a white matter region above the lateral ventricles with 1 H-MRS and WMH volume in this region and throughout the brain. Results We found a significant correlation between both total creatine (Cr) and N-acetylaspartyl compounds (NAA) and standardised neuropsychological test scores. Cr levels in white matter correlated significantly with executive function (p=0.001), attention (p=0.03) and overall T score (p=0.007). When lesion volume was added as a covariate, NAA also showed a significant correlation with executive function (p=0.003) and overall T score (p=0.015). Furthermore, while metabolite levels also correlated with total white matter lesion volume, adjusting the Cr levels for lesion volume did not diminish the strength of the association between Cr levels and neuropsychological scores. The lowest metabolite levels and neuropsychological scores were found in the SIVD group. Finally, lesion volume alone did not correlate significantly with any neuropsychological test score. Conclusion These results suggest that estimates of neurometabolite levels provide additional and useful information concerning cognitive function in VCI not obtainable by measurements of lesion load.
A coarse‐grained α‐carbon protein model with anisotropic hydrogen‐bonding

We develop a sequence based alpha-carbon model to incorporate a mean field estimate of the orientation dependence of the polypeptide chain that gives rise to specific hydrogen bond pairing to stabilize alpha-helices and beta-sheets. We illustrate the success of the new protein model in capturing thermodynamic measures and folding mechanism of proteins L and G. Compared to our previous coarse-grained model, the new model shows greater folding cooperativity and improvements in designability of protein sequences, as well as predicting correct trends for kinetic rates and mechanism for proteins L and G. We believe the model is broadly applicable to other protein folding and protein-protein co-assembly processes, and does not require experimental input beyond the topology description of the native state. Even without tertiary topology information, it can also serve as a mid-resolution protein model for more exhaustive conformational search strategies that can bridge back down to atomic descriptions of the polypeptide chain.
Characteristics and applications of high performance, tunable, fiber Fabry-Perot filters

The unique characteristics (stable optical performance, inherently pigtailed, insertion loss 100) of tunable, fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP) filters allow diverse optical signal processing necessary for third-generation wavelength division multiplex (WDM) systems and wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) networks. After describing the FFP characteristics, the author discusses the WDM long-haul field experiment and the prototype IBM Rainbow WDMA network. Other applications for this filter technology are EDFA noise filters, channel switches, and signal processors for extremely broadband ISDN (integrated services digital network) and digital high-definition TV distribution systems. >
Large-signal HBT model with improved collector transit time formulation for GaAs and InP technologies

An analytical large-signal HBT model which accurately accounts for the intricate bias dependence of collector delay in devices fabricated in both GaAs and InP material systems is described. The strongly bias dependent collector delay function accounts for the variation of electron velocity with electric field of the collector, which has consequences for both the electron transit time and capacitance. It is shown that the new formulation significantly improves the prediction of the bias dependence of f/sub t/. As a result, simulations over a very wide range of operating conditions match measured data on a wide variety of devices. Distortion predictions are improved since the derivatives of the bias dependent delay are more accurately modeled. This new model is extracted on medium and high breakdown GaAs HBTs, and also on InP DHBTs. Simulation results are verified with comparisons to S-parameter and large-signal measurements.
Assessing Health Literacy in Deaf American Sign Language Users

Communication and language barriers isolate Deaf American Sign Language (ASL) users from mass media, health care messages, and health care communication, which, when coupled with social marginalization, places them at a high risk for inadequate health literacy. Our objectives were to translate, adapt, and develop an accessible health literacy instrument in ASL and to assess the prevalence and correlates of inadequate health literacy among Deaf ASL users and hearing English speakers using a cross-sectional design. A total of 405 participants (166 Deaf and 239 hearing) were enrolled in the study. The Newest Vital Sign was adapted, translated, and developed into an ASL version (ASL-NVS). We found that 48% of Deaf participants had inadequate health literacy, and Deaf individuals were 6.9 times more likely than hearing participants to have inadequate health literacy. The new ASL-NVS, available on a self-administered computer platform, demonstrated good correlation with reading literacy. The prevalence of Deaf ...
Pavlovian Orienting Responses as Predictors of Psychosomatic Vulnerability

This presentation describes studies on animal models which may contribute to the elucidation of the problem of early detection of individuals at risk for psychosomatic or behavioral disorders, with particular reference to the cardiovascular system.
Abstract 116: Detrimental Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Cardiovirus-Induced Myocarditis

Picornavirus infections have been known as a leading cause of viral myocarditis in humans. Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) belongs to the genus Cardiovirus, the family Picornaviridae and was reported to cause inflammation in the heart in one manuscript, while its pathomechanism is unclear. In viral myocarditis, viral replication in the heart and/or immune responses against virus as well as heart-antigen (autoimmunity) can contribute to the pathogenesis. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that are important for recognizing pathogens as well as triggering innate immunity. Among TLRs, TLR4 has been demonstrated to play important roles in virus-mediated pathology: 1) TLR4 can contribute to viral entry in some viruses, 2) TLR4 may mediate tissue damage by anti-virus immune responses (immunopathology), 3) high levels of TLR4 expression were observed in the heart of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy following acute viral myocarditis, and 4) some viruses can bind to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a TLR4 ligand. To determine the role of TLR4 in TMEV-induced myocarditis, we infected male C3H/HeJ (TLR4-deficient) and C3H/HeNtac (control TLR4+) mice with the DA strain of TMEV. We harvested the hearts and spleens on days 6 and 7 (acute phase) or days 63 and 64 (chronic phase) post-infection. Cardiac pathology was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-17A and interferon (IFN)-γ, from spleen cells was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In both mice, mild myocarditis was observed during the acute phase of TMEV infection. During the chronic phase, both mice developed severe pathology in the heart, including basophilic degeneration and calcification. However, the incidence of myocarditis was higher in control mice than TLR4-deficient mice. IL-17A and IFN-γ production was higher in control mice than in TLR4-deficient mice (control vs. TLR4-deficient mice, acute phase: IL-17A, 196 vs. 146 pg/ml; IFN-γ, 72 vs. 39 ng/ml; chronic phase: IL-17A, 290 vs. 229 pg/ml; IFN- γ, 142 vs. 88 ng/ml). These results suggest that TLR4 may be detrimental in TMEV-induced myocarditis by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine production.
Social working memory and its distinctive link to social cognitive ability: an fMRI study

Engaging social working memory (SWM) during effortful social cognition has been associated with neural activation in two neurocognitive systems: the medial frontoparietal system and the lateral frontoparietal system. However, the respective roles played by these systems in SWM remain unknown. Results from this study demonstrate that only the medial frontoparietal system supports the social cognitive demands managed in SWM. In contrast, the lateral frontoparietal system supports the non-social cognitive demands that are needed for task performance, but that are independent of the social cognitive computations. Moreover, parametric increases in the medial frontoparietal system, but not the lateral frontoparietal system, in response to SWM load predicted performance on a challenging measure of perspective-taking. Thus, the medial frontoparietal system may uniquely support social cognitive processes in working memory and the working memory demands afforded by effortful social cognition, such as the need to track another person’s perspective in mind.
Preface to the Reformation of Rights

The sixteenth-century Protestant reformer, John Calvin, developed arresting new teachings on rights and liberties and church and state that shaped the law of early modern Protestant lands. Calvin's original teachings, which spread rapidly throughout Western Europe, were periodically challenged by major crises - the French Wars of Religion, the Dutch Revolt, the English Revolution, American colonization, and the American Revolution. In each such crisis moment, a major Calvinist figure emerged - Theodore Beza, Johannes Althusius, John Milton, John Winthrop, John Adams, and others - who modernized Calvin's teachings and translated them into dramatic new legal and political reforms. This rendered early modern Calvinism one of the driving engines of Western constitutionalism. A number of basic Western ideas of religious and political rights, social and confessional pluralism, federalism and social contract, and more owe a great deal to early modern Calvinism. This chapter, which introduces the volume, traces the development of rights doctrine in Calvinism, and situates it within a broader history of Western rights.
A Unified Framework to Identify and Extract Uncertainty Cues, Holders, and Scopes in One Fell-Swoop

We present a unified framework based on supervised sequence labelling methods to identify and extract uncertainty cues, holders, and scopes in one-fell swoop with an application on Arabic tweets. The underlying technology employs Support Vector Machines with a rich set of morphological, syntactic, lexical, semantic, pragmatic, dialectal, and genre-specific features, and yields an average F1 score of 0.759.
Studies on Platelet Proteins. IV. Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Thrombosthenin

The contractile platelet protein thrombosthenin has been isolated with butanol and purified further by repeated precipitation and gel filtration. Thrombosthenin thus isolated shows all the typical properties of this protein as reported in the literature. 1 M NaCl-tris, pH 7.2 has been found to be a better solvent than 0.6 M KCl as far as stability, resolution and aggregation of the protein are concerned. In the ultracentrifuge, 0.7 per cent thrombosthenir in 0.6 M KCl shows three hypersharp boundaries with sedimentation coefficients of 36 S, 56 S and 83 S. However, at low protein concentration only the 36 S boundary is observed. In 1 M NaCl, all these components break down producing a single kinetic unit of 18 S which dissociates further to 7 S. The 7 S component retains the ATP-sensitivity typical of thrombosthenin, suggesting it to be the monomeric unit of this protein. A similar hypersharp boundary with similar sedimentation coefficient to purified thrombosthenin has been noted in platelet ghosts solubilized in presence of detergent. A combination of sedimentation and viscosity data leads to an approximate molecular weight 8.9 x 10 5 for thrombosthenin.