cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Case Study: Microbial inoculant and ensiling time effects on fermentation profile, nitrogen fractions, and ruminal in vitro and in situ starch digestibility in corn shredlage and late-maturity corn silage

ABSTRACT Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of ensiling time and microbial inoculation on N fractions and starch digestibility in either well-processed corn shredlage (SHRD; Exp. 1; 76% of starch passing through a 4.75-mm screen, 39.3% DM, and 32.2% amylase-treated NDF) or late-maturity corn silage (Exp. 2; 48.0% DM and 22.9% amylase-treated NDF). For Exp. 1, unfermented SHRD was allocated into 24 samples of 600 g each and randomly assigned to 6 treatments in quadruplicate. Treatments were a combination of SHRD noninoculated (CON) or inoculated at the recommended inoculation rate (1X; 5 × 104 cfu of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus faecium, and Pediococcus per gram of fresh whole-plant corn) or twice the recommended inoculation rate (2X; 10 × 104 cfu/g of fresh whole-plant corn) of a microbial inoculant and ensiled for 30 or 120 d. Exp. 2 used the same experimental methodology except for evaluating treatments within late-maturity corn silage rather than SHRD. In Exp. 1, DM and starch concentrations were unaffected by treatments. Although not affected by inoculation, content of CP increased from 30 to 120 d of ensiling. Measurements of pH were reduced from 3.96 at 30 d to 3.88 after 120 d. Concentrations of lactate and ethanol were similar but acetate and total acids were greater after 120 d. Ammonia-N concentration and starch digestibility increased from 30 to 120 d. Fermentation profile, including ammonia-N, and starch digestibility of SHRD were unaffected by inoculation. In Exp. 2, ensiling time did not affect concentrations of DM, CP, and starch. However, DM and starch contents were 2.5 and 3.4 percentage units greater for 2X than other treatments. Concentrations of lactate and total acids were greater for CON and 1X than 2X. Propionate and ethanol concentrations tended to be greater for CON than other treatments. Despite the lower ammonia-N concentration for 2X, starch digestibility was unaffected by microbial inoculation. Greater lactate, acetate, and total acid concentrations after 120 d of ensiling were observed. Reductions in pH and ethanol concentration were also observed for 120 d compared with 30 d. Late-maturity corn silage fermented for 120 d had greater ammonia-N (5.4 vs. 4.0% of CP) and starch digestibility (66.7 vs. 61.7% of starch) compared with 30 d. Ammonia-N concentration and starch digestibility were greater after 120 d of fermentation in both experiments, suggesting that extended ensiling time is advantageous in both scenarios. Inoculation with lactate-producing bacteria, however, did not improve starch digestibility in either experiment.
Metalogue: Balancing Tensions Associated with Extensive Enactment of SSI-Based Teaching

Eastwood: Together, the teacher and researcher were able to develop a thorough socio-scientific issues (SSI) curriculum building on science content and nature of science (NOS). The authors mention that the teacher in this study is unique in being willing to commit to such an endeavor. This type of instruction requires a teacher to have a high level of content mastery and confidence in teaching abilities. SSI instruction also requires the teacher to be knowledgeable of content far beyond the science text, reaching into current events, sociological or psychological perspectives, and even religious doctrine. Reading the teacher’s reflections gives me a sense of the transformations he went through and the great sense of value he saw in the results for his students. I am already a convert, so I cannot say whether these types of testimonies would encourage me to try an SSI curriculum as a science teacher. My questions relate to teacher recruitment and support. What do you think could encourage more teachers to incorporate SSI in their classrooms? Are there some teachers that simply should not try it? How should teachers learn an SSI teaching approach? Would you recommend professional development sessions, preservice teacher training, or resources for independent study? How important was the close teacher-researcher relationship to enacting the SSI curriculum in this study?
The dissolution behavior in alkaline solutions of a borosilicate glass with and without P2O5

There are a variety of applications for glasses in alkaline environments, including glass fibers and glass-coated steel to reinforce concrete structures. To understand how a simple glass reacts in such environments, the dissolution behavior of a 25Na2O-25B2O3-50SiO2 (mole%) glass, doped with and without 3 mole% P2O5, in pH 12 KOH and pH 12 KOH saturated with Ca2+ ions was studied. Ca2+ ions in the solution significantly reduce the glass dissolution rate by forming a passivating calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel layer on the glass surface. When these corroded glasses were then exposed to Ca-free KOH, the C-S-H layer re-dissolves into the undersaturated solution and the glass dissolution rate increases. For phosphate-doped borosilicate glass, PO43- units released from the dissolving glass react with Ca2+ ions in saturated solutions to form crystalline hydroxylapatite on the glass surface, but this layer does not protect the glass from corrosion as well as the C-S-H does. The nature of the C-S-H layer was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, which reveals a gel layer constituted mainly of silicate anions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
5V-to-4V integrated buck converter for battery charging applications with an on-chip decoupling capacitor

Battery charging circuits for mobile applications, such as smart phones and tablets, require both small area and low losses. In addition, to reduce the charging time, high current is needed through the converter. In order to reduce conduction losses, low on-resistance of the switches is necessary. However, specific resistance (resistance per unit area) is a strong function of the maximum voltage blocking capability of the transistors. To maintain high efficiency and ensure device reliability, the designed breakdown voltage of the transistors needs to include some margin to account for ringing on the switching node. Bond wires add inductance to the power loop increasing the overshoot voltage. In this work the design, implementation and testing of a 40 W CMOS integrated buck converter with an on chip decoupling capacitor are presented. The design was optimized for a 5V to 4V application with a maximum of 2 W on-chip losses at 10 A with an operating frequency of 1 MHz.
Retail Garden Outlets: Business Characteristics and Factors Affecting Industry Performance

Abstract A survey was conducted of retail garden outlets in Georgia which consisted primarily of traditional garden centers, feed and seed stores, and hardware stores. Plant material, for all types of retail outlets, represented the largest portion of retail sales followed by chemicals and fertilizers. The average annual retail store sales for all products was $344K, with plant material representing $111K. The survey population represented about $47M in retail plant sales and did not include mass merchants or chain garden centers. Individual consumers (87%) were the primary customers as compared to landscapers or other types of customers. Most plant material was sourced in-state (67%) and only about 3% was produced by retailers. The primary factors identified as having a potential negative impact on plant material sales were adverse weather (26%), competition from mass merchants (23%) and a slowing economy (22%). Most garden centers are open year round (74.5%) as compared to feed and seed (7.1%) or hardwa...
Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder

This chapter provides an overview of a disorder newly defined in DSM-5 (APA, 2013), disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED). This disorder has been recognized and described by various names since at least the mid-twentieth century and defines a pattern of behavior characterized by the absence of developmentally expected reticence in young children about engaging and interacting socially with unfamiliar adults. These defining behaviors have been identified most readily in young children raised in institutions or in those who have been neglected and placed in foster care.
A virtual crack extension method for thermoelastic fracture using a complex-variable finite element method

Abstract A virtual crack extension (VCE) technique using the complex-variable finite element method (ZFEM) has been developed and demonstrated for thermoelastic fracture problems. This VCE approach provides an accurate computation of the energy release rate (G) as a byproduct of the complex-variable finite element analysis and obviates the use of energy conservation integrals such as the J-integral. The crack extension is induced using imaginary coordinates and a single global estimate of G is obtained as a sum of the element contributions. Numerical examples are provided for 2D, including a bimaterial cracked plate, axisymmetric, and 3D structures. The results indicate that the complex-variable VCE approach is of the same accuracy as the J-integral formulation.
The Role of Social Indicators in an Era of Human Service Reform in the United States

We have long sought to employ social indicators to measure the condition of society and of subpopulations of interest (Hauser et al., 1997; Miringoff, 1993; Miringoff et al., 1999). In recent years, however, developing and using social indicators in ways that substantively shape public policies has emerged as a seminal interest and challenge. Motivating this interest are several concurrent reform movements that, in turn, are reshaping the way human services are organized and delivered in the United States. These movements are called by various names—policy devolution, government reinvention, welfare transformation, and systems integration. Individually, and as an interrelated whole, these powerful themes are redefining the way we think about the provision of social assistance and about public accountability for disadvantaged and vulnerable populations. Much attention has been directed toward the devolution and the reinvention movements in government. With respect to the other two movements, the transformation of welfare and service integration, less has been written that, in my opinion, fully captures underlying dynamics and challenges. This chapter pushes our thinking in the following directions. First, it explores some of the ways in which these themes relate to one another. For example, how do the devolution and welfare reform movements refresh our interest in experimentation with integrated human service models around the country? Second, it explores how some of the policy and management consequences of these themes translate into a renewed interest in using social indicators. For example, can we realistically pursue a strategy for replacing the array of extant categorical programs (or service silos) with more integrated models where case plans are holistic and individualized to family needs if we do not possess advanced capabilities for monitoring the well-being of populations of interest? Finally, this chapter explores the fine and ever-shifting line between informing society about social conditions and influencing current policy discussions. It argues that the cause of advancing the social indicator agenda does not operate in a vacuum, but rather is inextricably linked to and shaped by the broader policy context in which it is located. To avoid an overly abstract or detached discourse, the chapter focuses
Online Database of Scores in the Humdrum File Format.

KernScores, an online library of musical data currently consisting of over 5 million notes, has been created to assist projects dealing with the computational analysis of musical scores. The online scores are in a format suitable for processing with the Humdrum Toolkit for Music Research, but the website also provides automatic translations into several other popular data formats for digital musical scores.
Cervical Nodal Metastasis from an Unknown Primary Carcinoma

The diagnostic and therapeutic problems of cervical lymph node metastasis from an occult primary carcinoma are a dilemma for the oncologist. In general, patients who present with metastases and no obvious primary site of origin, have a median survival of three to four months (Holmes and Fouts 1970; Richardson and Parker 1975; Smith et al. 1977). This poor prognosis is not altered by treatment unless a primary site can be identified, or the region that is the most probable primary site can be defined (Nystrom et al. 1977). Autopsy studies of patients who have presented with metastasis from occult primary malignant tumors reveal the site of origin in only 15% of cases.
Aboveground biomass equations for the predominant conifer species of the Inland Northwest USA

Abstract Assessment of aboveground biomass stocks in the coniferous forests of the inland northwest USA is important for timber, bioenergy, and carbon inventories, as well as for wildfire risk determination. In this study, individual tree biomass equation systems are developed for 7 regionally important conifer species using data from 470 felled trees sampled across 84 stands and spanning a range of diameters at breast height (1.37 m; dbh) running from 5 cm to 105 cm. The equation systems permit estimation of crown biomass components (i.e., foliage, dead branches, and live branches by size class) and stem components (abovestump stemwood and stembark), as well as compatible estimates of (sub)totals. The systems draw on commonly collected inventory variables including dbh, tree height, and live crown length. All biomass components scaled approximately linearly with dbh on the logarithmic scale, but equation systems drawing on both dbh and height provided more accurate estimates for all species; systems drawing additionally on live crown length provided more accurate estimates still for all species but one. In line with previous work, incorporation of live crown length improved live crown component equations most, but also improved stem component equations for two species. Across species and systems, stem components and subtotals were most accurately estimated (mean absolute errors ∼ 10%) while dead branch biomass estimation proved least tractable (mean absolute errors > 50%). Overall, the reported biomass equation systems draw on the largest felled tree samples collected from the region, and provide the most comprehensive basis developed to date for regional forest biomass assessments over the inland northwest.
Skeletal muscle regeneration by extracellular matrix biological scaffold: a case report

A case report of a 17-year-old female with a complex, non-healing, two-month-old wound, wherein exposed fibula was evident. On assessment, the wound measured 35cm in length, 3cm in width, and was 1cm deep, along the lateral aspect of the left lower leg. A rim of granulation tissue was visible along the wound edge. The exposed bone measured 20cm in length, and was 3cm wide. Porcine-derived, extracellular matrix (ECM) biological scaffold was placed on the wound bed to facilitate regeneration of the patient's skeletal muscle. The patient healed without incident postoperatively and was able to regain her ambulatory ability. This technique has, in the authors' experience, proved successful and without complication in complex non-healing wound cases, particularly in patients who have lost a large volume of skeletal muscle. The authors believe that patients and surgeons would benefit from early consideration of ECM biological scaffolds in similar types of large, open, and complex wounds.
A systematic review of adaptations of evidence-based public health interventions globally

Adaptations of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) often occur. However, little is known about the reasons for adaptation, the adaptation process, and outcomes of adapted EBIs. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review to answer the following questions: (1) What are the reasons for and common types of adaptations being made to EBIs in community settings as reported in the published literature? (2) What steps are described in making adaptations to EBIs? and (3) What outcomes are assessed in evaluations of adapted EBIs? We conducted a systematic review of English language publications that described adaptations of public health EBIs. We searched Ovid PubMed, PsycINFO, PsycNET, and CINAHL and citations of included studies for adapted public health EBIs. We abstracted characteristics of the original and adapted populations and settings, reasons for adaptation, types of modifications, use of an adaptation framework, adaptation steps, and evaluation outcomes. Forty-two distinct EBIs were found focusing on HIV/AIDS, mental health, substance abuse, and chronic illnesses. More than half (62%) reported on adaptations in the USA. Frequent reasons for adaptation included the need for cultural appropriateness (64.3%), focusing on a new target population (59.5%), and implementing in a new setting (57.1%). Common adaptations were content (100%), context (95.2%), cultural modifications (73.8%), and delivery (61.9%). Most study authors conducted a community assessment, prepared new materials, implemented the adapted intervention, evaluated or planned to evaluate the intervention, determined needed changes, trained staff members, and consulted experts/stakeholders. Most studies that reported an evaluation (k = 36) included behavioral outcomes (71.4%), acceptability (66.7%), fidelity (52.4%), and feasibility (52.4%). Fewer measured adoption (47.6%) and changes in practice (21.4%). These findings advance our understanding of the patterns and effects of modifications of EBIs that are reported in published studies and suggest areas of further research to understand and guide the adaptation process. Furthermore, findings can inform better reporting of adapted EBIs and inform capacity building efforts to assist health professionals in adapting EBIs.
Developing Leadership: Innovation, Adaptability and Integration in Large-Scale Health Care Organizations

Expert organizations practice and apply knowledge-intensive expertise, such as in medicine, law, and engineering. In a world characterized by increased volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA), expert organizations must learn to adapt to changing conditions while continuing to execute their expertise. Whether in small-scale professional service firms, such as a medical practice, or large-scale organizations, such as a regional hospital, key to effective adaptation is cultivating capacities for learning, experimentation, and collaboration (Hanson and Ford 2010). In this paper, I explore the role leadership can play in cultivating the adaptive capacity in expert organizations, focusing on healthcare organizations by drawing upon one single-in depth case study.
How Much Change is too Much? The Impact of Perceived Technological Change onto Sales Force Technology Acceptance: An Abstract

Prior literature has shown that the acceptance of new technologies can improve the long-term performance of sales forces and firms. However, new technologies are likely to introduce obstacles to acceptance, especially for those technologies that represent a massive change for the user. Sales force members who drastically change their work processes in order to integrate a technology sacrifice both time and effort and may be distracted from their primary goals (e.g., hitting deadlines or sales goals). Thus, we investigate how perceived technological change can negatively moderate individual motives to accept a new technology. Furthermore, we analyze how managerial support can help overcome the acceptance issues caused by perceived technological change.
Previsit breast cancer educational microlearning videos: Impact on patient satisfaction and engagement.

6526Background: Most patients diagnosed with breast cancer turn to the Internet to learn about their diagnosis; however, information online is often generic, challenging to navigate, and not expert...
A Reconsideration of the Continued Practice of Confirmation in the Episcopal Church

Many Episcopal liturgists argue for the elimination of confirmation. This essay explores the reformed rite of confirmation, the doctrine of the Book of Common Prayer (1979), and considers objection...
Scientific Practice and the Moral Task of Neurophilosophy.

Often, neuroethics, or neuroethical analysis, is espoused for its capacity to engage with the outcomes of near-limitless neuroscientific endeavor in some morally adjudicative way. In their article,...
Pediatric Rheumatology for Adult Rheumatologists

The pediatric rheumatic diseases represent a broad group of diseases that range in severity and duration. In this chapter we aim to highlight the major similarities and differences between pediatric onset rheumatic diseases and their adult counterparts. Certain diseases are restricted to childhood and therefore may be unfamiliar to the adult rheumatologist. Even in diseases which are felt to be similar irrespective of age of presentation, the unique features of growth and development in childhood may present particular changes to both diagnosis and management of these illnesses.
Diagnosis and Management of Adverse Reactions to Metal Debris

Modern total hip arthroplasty implants have incorporated modularity into their designs, providing the benefits of intraoperative flexibility and the ability to exchange the femoral heads in the future if necessary. However, this feature has unfortunately predisposed patients to the effects of corrosion, potentially resulting in adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR) and even systemic effects. A thorough understanding of the science of corrosion is important for the treating surgeon so that they can understand the underlying pathology, quickly diagnose the condition of ALTR, and risk stratify their patients to determine the best method of treatment. Revision surgery is not always necessary in cases of trunnionosis or ALTR, but the results of revision surgery are generally favorable.
1 – Medical Imaging

Publisher Summary Medical imaging forms a key part of clinical diagnosis, and improvements in the quality and type of information available from such images have extended the diagnostic accuracy and range of new applications in health care. Medical imaging plays an important role in neurology, cardiology, and cancer centers. This chapter provides a brief overview of the basic physics, instrumentation, and clinical applications of each imaging modality and recent technological advances. Planar X-ray imaging is used for diagnosing bone breaks, lung disease, a number of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases (fluoroscopy), and conditions of the genitourinary tract, such as kidney stones. In contrast to X-ray, ultrasound, and MRI, nuclear medicine imaging techniques do not produce an anatomical map of the body, but instead image the spatial distribution of radioactive materials that are introduced into the body. Ultrasound is non-ionizing, real-time, portable, and inexpensive compared with other clinical imaging modalities. Ultrasound is particularly functional for obstetrics and quantification of blood flow using Doppler measurements. The major uses of MRI are in the areas of brain disease, spinal disorders, angiography, cardiac assessment, and musculoskeletal damage. Diffuse Optical Imaging is characterized by its noninvasive nature, chemical specificity, and good temporal resolution. NIR methods are used in mammography and real-time monitoring of blood oxygenation levels of patients during medical procedures.
State-pairwise decoherence times for nonadiabatic dynamics on more than two electronic states

Independent trajectory (IT) nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation methods are powerful tools for modeling processes involving transitions between electronic states. Incorporation and refinement of decoherence corrections into popular IT methods, e.g., Ehrenfest dynamics and trajectory surface hopping, is an important means of improving their accuracies. In this work, we identify a new challenge in the development of such decoherence corrections; when a system exists in a coherent superposition of three or more electronic states, coherences may decay unphysically when the decoherence correction is based on decoherence times assigned on a state-wise basis. As a solution, we introduce decoherence corrected Ehrenfest schemes based on decoherence times assigned on a state-pairwise basis. By application of these methods to a set of very simple one-dimensional model problems, we show that one of these state-pairwise methods ("collapse to a block") correctly describes the loss of coherence between all pairs of states in our multistate model problems, whereas a method based on a state-wise description of coherence loss does not. The new one-dimensional models introduced here can serve as useful tests for other decoherence correction schemes.
Lavoratrici, operaie e donne delle pulizie nei romanzi di Giulia Fazzi

Giulia Fazzi published her first novel, " Ferita di guerra" , in 2005, and her second one, " Per il bene di tutti" , in 2014. My paper focuses on the representations of women in the workforce in these novels, paying particular attention to the figures of the factory worker and the cleaning lady. By reflecting on the role that the theme of work plays in shaping female identity, we can trace the conflict between the protagonists and the patriarchal culture that prevails in small-town areas. In so doing, the paper aims at highlighting the process of producing and questioning stereotypes, such as the idea of women being the inferior gender who should be controlled. The paper concludes with an interview with Giulia Fazzi, which was given by correspondence in April 2019.
Extraspinal Vascular Malformation with Retrograde Drainage through a Radicular Vein: Treatment with Percutaneous Transgluteal Embolization

Background Spinal arteriovenous fistulas have abnormal connections between spinal arteries and veins. Early diagnosis and management are essential for preventing permanent neurologic deficits. Although symptoms of myelopathy are commonly related to established types of spinal arteriovenous fistulas within the spine, extraspinal arteriovenous anomalies may also result in similar pathology and pose challenges to conventional endovascular treatment. Case Description A 61-year-old man presented with progressive weakness and decreasing sensation in the lower extremities. He had a remote history of craniopharyngioma surgery and deep venous thrombosis. Examination showed decreased strength and reflexes in the lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated T2 cord signal changes and flow voids within the spinal canal. Angiogram showed bilateral internal iliac artery arteriovenous malformations with retrograde flow into a radicular vein and venous congestion of the medullary veins. Percutaneous transgluteal puncture of the superior gluteal vein was performed, and the abnormal inflow to the radicular vein was obliterated with coiling and Onyx embolization. The patient had significant clinical improvement, and follow-up imaging demonstrated resolution of T2 cord signal changes and flow voids. Conclusions Extraspinal vascular malformations with vascular myelopathy are extremely rare. They include a broad spectrum of complex vascular disorders and often require alternate endovascular approaches.
Correction of CMOS-related noise in fluorescence microscopy

CMOS cameras are very appealing for fluorescence microscopy but they suffer from high readout noise and fixed-pattern noise. We propose a non-iterative, fast, and unsupervised algorithm that erases camera-related noise without losing the quantitative information of fluorescence signal. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the algorithm using different sensors, from low-cost CMOS chips to high-end sCMOS cameras.
Economics of Reproduction Efficiency in Beef Cow Herds

The objective of this presentation is to suggest how a practicing veterinarian can go about integrating economic reality into his client services. I will concentrate on projecting the increased economic revenue associated with increasing your clients' beef herd's reproductive efficiencies. Other speakers at this conference will cover how reproductive efficiency can be increased and what it might cost to get the increased efficiencies. It will be left up to the conference participants to compare my projected increased revenues to the other speaker's projected cost increases.
Discriminating among randomly polarized fields (Conference Presentation)

Although polarization is historically defined as a local property, one can also regard it as a nonlocal feature of correlated fields for which the correlation between the field components at any locations and fluctuating along any orthogonal directions does not factorize. For such fields, the local states of polarization are randomly distributed on the surface of the Poincare sphere while their average lie somewhere inside of it, but not necessarily at its center. An average degree of polarization can then be defined as distance between this point and the origin of the sphere. Of course, because of nonlocality, there will be different types of randomly polarized fields which, on average, will have the same average degree of polarization. Because these fields could have different physical origins or can be the result of different field transformations, finding a proper way to discriminate among them is an important issue. We introduce the scalar average similarity of an ensemble of randomly polarized states. This global measure is based on the complex degree of mutual polarization between any pair of vector fields in the ensemble. We show that, in the case of fully-correlated and globally unpolarized fields, the variation of this parameter is bounded and its value can effectively discriminate between different configurations of pure states.
Acculturation Trajectories Differ by Youth Age at Arrival and Time in Residency among Latino Immigrant Families in a US Emerging Immigrant Context.

Abstract The present study was designed to examine acculturation trajectories of first-generation, Latino immigrant youth and their parents in an emerging immigrant context. We also examined whether acculturation trajectories differed between families with youth who migrated at different stages of development and who have spent differential amounts of time in the United States (US). A community sample of 217 immigrant families in western Oregon was purposely sampled according to youths’ age at arrival and time in US residency (TR) and assessed three times over a 3-year period. Families were stratified into three TR groups: TR1 = 2–4 years spent in the US; TR2 = 6–8 years spent in the US; and TR3 = 10–12 years. Parents and youth in each TR group completed measures assessing their acculturation to US American and Latino culture. Results from multiple-group latent growth models showed that acculturation trajectories differed for both youth and parents depending on the TR group. Moreover, both youth and their parents within each TR group differed in their acculturation trajectories. Overall, although youth slowly gravitated toward biculturalism over time, their parents remained relatively separated such that they reported high endorsement of their heritage culture and low endorsement of US culture over time. Findings are discussed in terms of prior research and theory.
Examining intentions to engage in sun protective behaviors among Latino day laborers: An application of the theory of planned behavior

Background: The past two decades has revealed an unprecedented increasing incidence of skin cancer within the Latinx population. Although Latino day laborers (LDLs) are at heightened risk for developing skin cancer because of the outdoor work in which they engage, there is limited research examining their intentions to engage in sun protective behaviors (SPBs). Therefore, this study sought to assess the explanatory power of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to identify attitudinal, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control factors associated with intentions to engage in SPB among LDLs. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study consists of a non-random convenience,community-based, sample of 137 LDLs residing in Mississippi and Illinois. Data were collected using a self-report survey centered on health practices and sun-protective behaviors. Results: Findings revealed that five significant factors shaped intentions to engage in SPBs, including barriers to engaging in SPBs (β =.30, P<0.001), benefits of engaging in SPBs (β =.27,P<0.001), education (β=0.20, P<0.01), and acculturation (β=0.18, P≤0.05). The independent variables tested in the model accounted for 42% of the change in intentions to engage in SPBs. Conclusion: This study demonstrates TPB's usefulness for predicting future intentions to engage in SPBs among LDLs. Moreover, the strongest factor associated with predicting intentions to engage in SPBs among LDLs was perceived behavioral control. Thus, since SPBs are malleable, emphasis is placed on implementing interventions for this population that promote intentions and address perceived behavioral control.
Precise surface temperature measurements from 400 to 1200 K using the Pr:YAG phosphor

The thermographic phosphor Pr:YAG was investigated for lifetime-based surface temperature measurements using 4f–4f emission from its $$^{3}\hbox {P}_{J}$$ states. A thin phosphor coating was applied to a fused silica substrate and placed in a tube furnace for diagnostic characterization. Lifetime measurements were performed from room temperature to 1200 K in 100-K increments. The emission lifetime was found to decrease continuously from $$7\,\upmu \hbox {s}$$ at room temperature to 200 ns at 1200 K, making Pr:YAG a promising phosphor for applications involving fast transient phenomena. At each temperature, 100 single-shot measurements were acquired to evaluate phosphor performance. Single-shot temperature precision better than 2 K was measured from 400 to 1200 K. A methodology was developed for in-situ single-shot temperature precision estimates using weighted linear regression statistics. The precision predictions were compared to experimental results and agreement was generally within 1 K over the entire temperature range. The ability to precisely resolve temperature over large ranges in an applied environment was demonstrated using a propane torch to expose the phosphor-coated substrate to high heat fluxes. Measured temperature increased from room temperature to approximately 1150 K during the experimental duration, with estimated precision better than 4 K over the entire range
Effectiveness of a Home Program Intervention for Young Children with Autism

This project evaluated the effectiveness of a TEACCH-based home program intervention for young children with autism. Parents were taught how to work with their preschool autistic child in the home setting, focusing on cognitive, academic, and prevocational skills essential to later school success. To evaluate the efficacy of the program, two matched groups of children were compared, a treatment group and a no-treatment control group, each consisting of 11 subjects. The treatment group was provided with approximately 4 months of home programming and was tested before and after the intervention with the Psychoeducational Profile-Revised (PEP-R). The control group did not receive the treatment but was tested at the same 4-month interval. The groups were matched on age, pretest PEP-R scores, severity of autism, and time to follow-up. Results demonstrated that children in the treatment group improved significantly more than those in the control group on the PEP-R subtests of imitation, fine motor, gross motor, and nonverbal conceptual skills, as well as in overall PEP-R scores. Progress in the treatment group was three to four times greater than that in the control group on all outcome tests. This suggests that the home program intervention was effective in enhancing development in young children with autism.
Rebecca New and Moncrieff Cochran, (Eds.). Early Childhood Education: An International Encyclopedia

Publication of this comprehensive four-volume encyclopedia devoted to early childhood education indicates that we are finally recognized as an interdisciplinary profession. It was a shared endeavor...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. Characterization of assembly intermediates by sedimentation velocity analysis

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a large, highly organized assembly of several different catalytic and regulatory component enzymes. The structural core of the complex is the E2-X subcomplex, consisting of 60 dihydrolipoamide transacetylase (E2) subunits arranged in a pentagonal dodecahedron; 6 protein X and 2 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase molecules are tightly associated with this E2 60-mer. The native E2-X subcomplex exhibits a sedimentation coefficient of 32 S. The effects of several chaotropes (guanidinium chloride, potassium thiocyanide, and urea) on the E2-X subcomplex were assessed. Treatment of the E2-X subcomplex with 4 M guanidinium chloride caused a complete loss of enzymatic activity and the dissociation of the subcomplex into monomeric 1.5-3 S species. Removal of the chaotrope by dialysis for 18 h resulted in complete restoration of E2 enzymatic activity and reassembly of a 32 S subcomplex; this reassembled subcomplex contained less protein X than the native subcomplex. Sedimentation velocity analysis of reassembled E2-X subcomplex demonstrated the presence of an 8 S assembly intermediate; this sedimentation coefficient is characteristic of globular proteins of molecular weights similar to that expected for a trimer of E2. Shorter periods of dialysis also gave rise to the 8 S species; the amount of this intermediate decreased with increasing times of dialysis. The 8 S species associated non-cooperatively to yield additional assembly intermediates exhibiting sedimentation coefficients of 10-32 S.
Naturalism and dualism in the study of language and mind

The terms of the title can be understood in various ways, along with the frameworks in which they are embedded. I would like to outline interpretations that I think are useful and proper, and to suggest a more general thesis, which would require much more comprehensive argument: that there is no coherent alternative to proceeding in this way for the range of issues addressed, and that other endeavors in roughly the same realm are clarified and facilitated if understood as extensions of the approach outlined. Deflating the terms Putting “language” aside for the moment, let's begin by taking the other terms of the title in ways that are innocent of far-reaching implications, specifically, divorced from any metaphysical connotations. Take the term “mind” or, as a preliminary, “mental.” Consider how we use such terms as “chemical,” “optical,” or “electrical.” Certain phenomena, events, processes, and states are called “chemical” (etc.), but no meta-physical divide is suggested by that usage. These are just various aspects of the world that we select as a focus of attention for the purposes of inquiry and exposition. I will understand the term “mental” in much the same way, with something like its traditional coverage, but without metaphysical import and with no suggestion that it would make any sense to try to identify the true criterion or mark of the mental.
Finding Minimum Spanning Trees with a Fixed Number of Links at a Node

This paper addresses a variant of the minimum spanning tree problem in which a given node is required to have a fixed number of incident edges. We show that this problem, which is combinatorially a level of complexity beyond the ordinary minimum spanning tree problem, can be solved by a highly efficient “quasi-greedy” algorithm. Applications include a tele-communication linking problem and a new relaxation strategy for the traveling salesman problem via appropriately defined order-constrained one-trees.
Exploring Indigenous Identity in Suburbia: Melissa Lucashenko’s Steam Pigs

Melissa Lucashenko‟s post-Mabo 1 debut novel Steam Pigs (1997) addresses Indigenous identity and suburbia from the perspective of an Indigenous writer and protagonist. Lucashenko‟s examination of Indigenous identity within a suburban setting is a unique and innovative combination, since Australian suburban fiction has been dominated by non-Indigenous authors, such as Patrick White, George Johnston, David Malouf, Peter Carey and Steven Carroll, and has largely ignored Indigenous concerns. 2 Following the approach of previous Australian suburban novels, such as Johnston‟s My Brother Jack and Malouf‟s Johnno, Steam Pigs is a combination of a bildungsroman and an autobiographical novel. 3 Steam Pigs is a confronting, innovative and unique novel that utilizes a working class outer suburban setting to address crucial social issues, including Indigenous identity, belonging, feminism, gender, domestic violence, racism, and alcohol and drug abuse. 4 However, the novel presents suburbia as a destructive site that must be rejected in favour of the life-affirming inner city, serving to perpetuate the anti-suburban tradition in Australian fiction, and calling into question the novel‟s radical power. 5 There exists a long tradition of anti-suburban sentiment in Australian fiction, and in Australian culture more broadly, which has been dominant since the late nineteenth century (McCann vii). The anti-suburban tradition contends that the suburbs are boring, backward, repressive, conformist, materialistic, sexist, racist, anti-intellectual, ugly and predictable, and thus the suburbs must be rejected, preferably by means of physical escape. 6 Lucashenko‟s decision to have her protagonist „escape‟ from the outer suburbs into an inner urban environment, and the depiction of that movement as both a physical and metaphorical liberation, perpetuates the anti-suburban tradition and dilutes the impact of the novel‟s innovative and radical aspects. As Ken Gelder and Paul Salzman argue, Steam Pigs is simultaneously „conservative and transgressive‟ (61). Yet the salvation of Sue, an Indigenous woman, by educated white feminists sends an ambivalent message about the relationship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians, suggesting that the solutions to Indigenous problems are to be provided by university-educated non-Indigenous (usually white) persons, thus perpetuating the colonial relationship between non-Indigenous and Indigenous Australians.
Mejorar el acceso mundial a las nuevas vacunas: propiedad intelectual, transferencia de tecnología y vías de reglamentación

En el Plan de accion mundial sobre vacunas, aprobado por la Asamblea Mundial de la Salud en el 2012, se hizo un llamamiento en pro del acceso mundial a las nuevas vacunas en un plazo de 5 anos desde que se otorga la licencia. Sin embargo, los metodos actuales han resultado insuficientes para lograr fijar precios sostenibles para las vacunas en dicho plazo. En paralelo con la estrategia exitosa de la competencia de los genericos para reducir el precio de los medicamentos, esta surgiendo un consenso claro sobre el hecho de que la entrada en el mercado de multiples proveedores es un factor fundamental para reducir rapidamente el precio de las nuevas vacunas. En este contexto, los principales objetivos para mejorar el acceso a las nuevas vacunas incluyen superar los obstaculos de la propiedad intelectual, simplificar las vias de reglamentacion de las vacunas biosimilares y reducir los plazos de entrada en el mercado de los fabricantes de vacunas de los paises en desarrollo mediante la transferencia de tecnologia y conocimientos practicos. En este articulo propongo crear un banco de propiedad intelectual, tecnologia y conocimientos practicos como un nuevo enfoque a fin de facilitar el acceso generalizado a las nuevas vacunas en los paises de ingresos medianos y bajos mediante la transferencia eficaz de las tecnicas de produccion de vacunas patentadas a multiples fabricantes de vacunas en los paises en desarrollo.
Cardinal preserving elementary embeddings

Say that an elementary embedding j : N → M is cardinal preserving if CAR^M = CAR^N = CAR. We show that if PFA holds then there are no cardinal preserving elementary embeddings j : M → V. We also show that no ultrapower embedding j : V → M induced by a set extender is cardinal preserving, and present some results on the large cardinal strength of the assumption that there is a cardinal preserving j : V → M.
Stressin' Sestrins take an aging fight

Sestrins (Sesns) are a family of highly conserved stress-responsive proteins, transcriptionally regulated by p53 and forkhead transcription factor that exhibit oxidoreductase activity in vitro and can protect cells from oxidative stress. However, their major biochemical and physiological function does not appear to depend on their redox (reduction and oxidation) activity. Sesns promote activation of adenosine-5′-monophosphate (AMP)-dependent protein kinase in both mammals and flies. Stress-induced Sesn expression results in inhibition of the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) and the physiological and pathological implications of disrupting the Sesns-TORC1 crosstalk are now being unravelled. Detailing their mechanism of action and exploring their roles in human physiology point to exciting new insights to topics as diverse as stress, cancer, metabolism and aging.
SASE based 4/sup th/ generation light sources and the LCLS project

Advances in the physics and technology of photoinjectors, linear accelerators, insertion devices and free-electron lasers make it now possible to generate coherent radiation in the X-ray region by means of the Self-Amplified-Spontaneous-Emission (SASE) process. This radiation has much higher brightness, shorter pulses and coherence than present 3/sup rd/ generation sources. The status of the physics and technology involved in a radiation source based on SASE is reviewed, together with an overview of the main activities in this field around the world. The design status of a 1.5 /spl Aring/ SASE-FEL at SLAC, called the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), is described.
Six steps to better crisis management

Crises can threaten the continued existence of an organization. In today’s highly uncertain and turbulent business environment, managers must develop stronger crisis decision‐making skills. This article outlines a practical six‐step approach to improving organizational crisis‐preparedness. It also suggests that crisis management is a critical component of contemporary strategic management. Managers can be expected to do a better job in dealing with crises if they follow the recommended six‐step approach and make a conscientious effort to integrate crisis management into the process of strategic management.