cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lung Transplantation Using Allografts with Extreme Ischemic Time: A Single-Institution Experience

Purpose Six hours has historically been regarded as the limit of acceptable ischemic time (IT) for lung allografts. However, smarter sharing of donor lungs often necessitates use of allografts with IT >6 hours. We characterized the association between IT ≥8 hours and outcomes after lung transplantation (LTx) using a contemporary cohort from a high-volume institution. We hypothesized that longer ITs do not predict greater mortality or graft failure. Methods Patients who underwent primary isolated bilateral orthotopic LTx between 1/2016-5/2020 were included. Patients bridged to LTx with ECMO or mechanical ventilation, and ex-vivo perfusion cases were excluded. Recipients were stratified by allograft IT Results Of 358 patients, 95 (26.5%) received IT ≥8h lungs. IT ≥8h recipients were more likely to be male (69.5% vs 54.4%, p=0.01) and have DCD donors (20.0% vs 5.3%, p Conclusion In a modern cohort, use of lung allografts with IT ≥8h was associated with similar perioperative outcomes and post-transplant survival. Further investigation is required to better understand how broader use impacts post-LTx outcomes and the implications for smarter sharing under an evolving national allocation policy.
Cellular plasticity at the nexus of development and disease

In October 2020, the Keystone Symposia Global Health Series hosted a Keystone eSymposia entitled 'Tissue Plasticity: Preservation and Alteration of Cellular Identity'. The event synthesized groundbreaking research from unusually diverse fields of study, presented in various formats, including live and virtual talks, panel discussions and interactive e-poster sessions. The meeting focused on cell identity changes and plasticity in multiple tissues, species and developmental contexts, both in homeostasis and during injury. Here, we review the key themes of the meeting: (1) cell-extrinsic drivers of plasticity; (2) epigenomic regulation of cell plasticity; and (3) conserved mechanisms governing plasticity. A salient take-home conclusion was that there may be conserved mechanisms used by cells to execute plasticity, with autodegradative activity (autophagy and lysosomes) playing a crucial initial step in diverse organs and organisms.
Investigations on Vector-Borne and Aerosol Transmission Potential of Kaeng Khoi Virus in Cave-Dwelling Wrinkle-Lipped Free-Tailed Bats (Chaerephon plicatus) in Thailand.

Kaeng Khoi virus (KKV; Order: Bunyavirales, Family: Peribunyaviridae, Genus: Orthobunyavirus), is an endemic viral infection of the wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Chaerephon plicatus; also known as Tadarida plicata plicata). Viral isolates from bat bugs (Family: Cimicidae) suggest vector-borne transmission, but in general little is known about the ecology of KKV and seroprevalence in the local human and animal populations. Transmission studies and a serosurvey were carried out in Kaeng Khoi cave, Saraburi province, Thailand, during 1973–1974. Experimental transmission studies were performed with bat bugs captured within the cave to determine the potential for vector-borne transmission, and sentinel laboratory mice placed inside arthropod-proof cages within the cave to assess the potential for aerosolized transmission. Antibodies to KKV were detected in roof rats (Rattus rattus) inhabiting the cave, in dogs living in the valley, and in humans. Freshly collected cimicids were positive for KKV, but the virus did not replicate in laboratory-inoculated bugs. Sentinel mice placed in Kaeng Khoi cave in open cages consistently became infected with KKV, as determined by the development of neutralizing antibodies. Mice placed in arthropod-proof cages also developed antibodies, indicating the possibility of airborne transmission of KKV.
Introduction to logic design

From the Publisher: Introduction to Logic Design, Second Edition presents comprehensive discussions on analysis and design procedures and implementation schemes using popular integrated circuits...computer-aided design modules and simulation tools for conceiving and simulating programmable logic devices...the latest programmable logic concepts and devices for designing logic circuits...Simulation (Logicworks), tools that employ simulation as a logic design/verification technique...multivalued logic and field programmable gate array technologies...and more.
Regulation of pyruvate carboxylase activity by calcium in intact rat liver mitochondria.

Abstract Low concentrations of calcium (l100µm) cause a marked inhibition of 14C-carbon dioxide production from carboxyl-labeled pyruvate by isolated rat liver mitochondria. This effect disappears in the presence of agents which preclude pyruvate carboxylase activity such as dinitrophenol plus oligomycin. Adding ATP in combination with these agents restores carboxylase activity and the inhibitory effect of calcium returns. If malate is added, the system again becomes less dependent on pyruvate carboxylase activity and calcium loses its effectiveness. Malate can also overcome inhibition caused by dinitrophenol. Pyruvate carboxylase activity can be monitored more directly by measuring the net accumulation of Krebs cycle intermediates formed from pyruvate or incorporation of pyruvate-carboxyl-14C to the cycle intermediates. Calcium (100µm) inhibited both of these processes by as much as 75%. Studies with partially purified carboxylase confirm the concept that calcium is an effective inhibitor, and indicate that the effect may be due to competition with magnesium ion. Mitochondria from vitamin D-deficient or cortisone-treated animals exhibited higher carboxylase activities than those of control animals as measured by the indirect 14CO2 assay method. These changes are consistent with the known effects of those agents on calcium metabolism in vivo. Results are discussed in terms of the possibility that calcium may play an important role in regulating the initial steps of gluconeogenesis.
America's Black Sea Fleet: The U.S. Navy Amidst War and Revolution, 1919–1923, by Shenk, Robert

In America's Black Sea Fleet Robert Shenk explores the United States Navy's involvement around the Black Sea region after World War I, from 1919 through 1923. This small fleet, consisting of betwee...
A new upper limit on the polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation

The Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB) is an invaluable probe of the conditions of the early universe. Recent measurements of its spatial anisotropy have allowed accurate determinations of several fundamental cosmological parameters, such as the curvature of the universe, the shape of the spectrum of primordial density fluctuations, and the contribution of baryons, dark matter, and dark energy to the overall energy density of the universe. In addition to being spatially non-uniform, the CMB is theorized to be slightly polarized. Measurements of this polarization, particularly at large angular scales, have the potential to provide information on primordial gravitational waves, theories of inflation, and the ionization history of the universe, as well as help further constrain cosmological parameters. Polarization has not yet been detected in the CMB. This thesis describes a recent search for CMB polarization at large angular scales, conducted in the spring of 2000 at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. After a general introduction on both CMB polarization and general microwave polarimetry, details of the experiment itself are given, as well as a full description of the data selection and analysis techniques. Using these techniques, our data lead to a new upper limit on CMB polarization at large angular scales of 10 $\mu$K in both E- and B-type polarization at 95% confidence. If B-polarization is assumed to be zero, the limit for E-type polarization is lowered to 8 $\mu$K. This experiment is the first of a new breed of highly-sensitive instruments that will one day map out this interesting property of the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation.
A Framework for Reasoning about Animation Systems

In this paper, we consider the potential for reasoning about animations in the language of hybrid dynamical systems (i.e., systems with both continuous and discrete dynamics). We begin by directly applying hybrid systems theory to animation, using a general-purpose hybrid system specification tool to generate multi-agent animations; this application also illustrates that hybrid system models can provide systematic, modular ways to incorporate low-level behavior into a design for higher-level behavioral modeling. We then apply the logical framework of hybrid systems to animation: We formally state properties of animation systems that may not be readily expressed in other frameworks; and we mechanically check a collision-avoidance property for a simple racelike game. This hybrid systems-oriented approach could improve our ability to reason about virtual worlds, thus improving our ability to create intelligent virtual agents.
Wole Soyinka: ‘Representative’ and unrepresentable modalities of the self: the gnostic, worldly and radical humanism of Wole Soyinka

In one sense then (there is) a traveling away from its old self towards a cosmopolitan, modern identity while in another sense (there is) a journeying back to regain a threatened past and selfhood. To comprehend the dimensions of this gigantic paradox and coax from it such unparalleled inventiveness requires … the archaic energy, the perspective and temperament of creation myths and symbolism. Chinua Achebe, “What Has Literature Got to Do With It.” The language in which we are speaking is his before it is mine. How different are the words home , Christ , ale , master , on his lips and on mine! I cannot speak or write these words without unrest of the spirit. His language, so familiar and so foreign, will always be for me an acquired speech. I have not made or accepted its words. My voice holds them at bay. My soul frets in the shadow of language. James Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man . Ori kan nuun ni/Iyato kan nuun ni (That is one person/That is one difference) From a Yoruba Ifa divination chant All the book length studies, the monographs, and the innumerable essays on Wole Soyinka's writings and career take as their starting point his stupendous literary productivity: some thirty-five titles since he began writing in the late 1950s, and a career in the theatre, popular culture and political activism matching his literary corpus in scope, originality and propensity for generating controversy.
Acculturation of Asian American University Students

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of acculturation among Asian American university students at a large midwestern university using the SL-ASIA. With this sample, results in general support initial and follow-up findings of the scale's concurrent validity with college students from the West Coast and Rocky Mountain areas. Although no gender differences in level of acculturation were found, analyses comparing foreign-born and U.S.-born participants provided further evidence of concurrent validity for the scale.
Play and Impersonation: Finding the Right Intersubjective Rhythm

The following paper examines a client's developmental process through transference, play, and the client's impersonation of the therapist. Winnicott's notion of the intermediate space, current infant research studies, and Jessica Benjamin's concept of “thirdness” are the organizing framework for the treatment. The author uses a clinical vignette to illustrate a relational perspective in which play and creativity become important developmental processes for both patient and therapist.
A compact, high-performance continuous magnetic refrigerator for space missions

Abstract We present test results of the first adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) that produce true continuous cooling at sub-kelvin temperatures. This system uses multiple stages that operate in sequence to cascade heat from a “continuous” stage up to a heat sink. Continuous operation avoids the usual constraints of long hold times and short recycle times that lead to the generally large mass of single-shot ADRs, and allows us to achieve much higher cooling power per unit mass. Our design goal is 10 μW of cooling at 50 mK while rejecting heat to a 6–10 K heat sink. The total cold mass is estimated to be less than 10 kg, including magnetic shielding of each stage. These parameters envelop the requirements for currently planned astronomy missions. The relatively high temperature heat rejection capability allows it to operate with a mechanical cryocooler as part of a cryogen-free, low temperature cooling system. This has the advantages of long mission life and reduced complexity and cost. At present, we have assembled a three-stage ADR that operates with a superfluid helium bath. Additional work is underway to develop magnetocaloric materials that can extend its heat rejection capability up to 10 K. Design, operation and performance of the ADR are discussed.
A review of thin-film aluminide formation

With the continuing drive toward greater device densities and finer dimensions in the microelectronics industry, the required proprerties of the metallization layers have become increasingly stringent. Transition metal aluminides are of great interest due to the use of transition metals as diffusion barriers, to suppress hillock formation, and to increase electromigration resistance. This review seeks to collect all the relevant work on transition metal aluminide formation: initial phase formation, temperature of formation, uniformity of growth, and microstructure of the phase formation. Where data are available, the subsequent phases formed, the growth kinetics, and dominant moving species are included. The Ni-Al system is discussed in detail as it is one of the best understood systems and exhibits typical behavior. The Ti-Al, Al(Cu) system and TiW diffusion barriers are also discussed individually due to their technological importance. As has been found for silicide formation, there are some general patterns of behavior with aluminide formation. In general, the initial aluminide phases to grow are the most Al-rich phases: Co 2 Al 9 , Cr 2 Al 13 , HfAl 3 , MoAl 12 , NbAl 3 , NiAl 3 , TaAl 3 , TiAl 3 , WAl 12 , and ZrAl 3 . There are exceptions, Pd 2 Al 3 , Pt 2 Al 3 , and VAl 3 are the initially growing phases, but are not the most Al-rich phases. Where marker experiments were performed, Al has been identified as the dominant diffusing species during the growth of the initial phase. It has been suggested that the Al-rich initial phase results from the greater supply of Al (relative to transition metal) to the growing interface with exceptions caused by complex (and hence difficult to nucleate) phases. The initial reaction temperatures ranged from 225–250°C for Pd 2 Al 3 and Pt 2 Al 3 to 500–525°C for WAl 12 formation. In general, the phase formation is planar, though impurities and grain sizes can modify this. For metals forming high-melting-point compounds, the reaction is more likely to be non-uniform. Though generalized rules have been proposed, there are still many open questions. Our understanding of aluminide formation lags behind that of silicides.
In quest of profits: legal and ethical implications facing Microsoft

Despite its wide acceptance in economics, the fundamental tenet of the theory of the firm is not without its critics. Questions related to the nature and role of the firm, its objectives, responsibilities and behavior have fueled much of the recent debate. Today, firms are being evaluated and scrutinized not merely on their economic performance, but also by the ethical standards they uphold. The case brought against Microsoft is an example of the tangled web that characterizes the economic, legal and ethical dimensions of business operations. This paper shows that as an economic entity, Microsoft employed strategies that were consistent with its long‐run objective of profit maximization. In so doing, however, Microsoft violated anti‐trust laws and was charged with illegal conduct. Despite the court ruling, economic and legal justifications continue to be a subject of debate amongst the different entities involved in this case. More so when ethical implications are considered, consensus becomes even harder to reach due to the subjective nature of the judgement.
Postcranial myology of the California newt, Taricha torosa

Salamanders are generally agreed to represent the primitive tetrapod body plan, as well as a postural analog for early tetrapods. Dissection and description of the muscles of the forelimb, trunk, and hindlimb of the California newt, Taricha torosa, were undertaken to provide baseline data on the locomotor structures in this species. Hypaxial trunk muscles are similar to those of other vertebrates. As in other salamanders, limb muscles show a simple parallel-fibered architecture and often span multiple joints. Several differences in limb musculature were also noted. The extensor iliotibialis muscle possesses a single head in T. torosa, rather than the two heads common in larger salamander species. The ischioflexorius muscle, while divided into proximal and distal sections, is not distinct from the puboischiotibialis in its proximal portion. The femorofibularis is enlarged in this species; it is suggested that the femorofibularis and ischioflexorius muscles may be functionally analogous systems. Forelimb and hindlimb musculature show similar morphological patterns, particularly in distal limb segments, which may provide insight into the primitive arrangement of tetrapod limb muscles. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Photochromic Fe5+ (3d3) in SrTiO3 evidence from paramagnetic resonance

Abstract Using paramagnetic resonance it is shown that a photochromic center in SrTiO3 is Fe5+ (3d3). Its resonance parameters are g = 2.0131 ±0.0008, A( 57 Fe) = (8.6 ± 0.1) x 10 −4 cm −1 . As a function of valency the positive g-shift of Fe5+ lies nearly on a straight line joining those of the isoelectronic Cr3+ and Mn4+. The hyperfine fields of V2+, Cr3+, Mn4+ and Fe5+ are close to one another (Geschwind's rule). Simultaneous observation of Fe3+ and Fe4+ proves indirectly the existence of Fe3+ which can act as a hole trap.
Land management in the Conata Basin: a free market approach

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the viability of free market environmentalism. This is the philosophy that has as its basic premise the view that laissez faire capitalism and concomitant private property rights, far from being an impediment to the well-functioning of the environment, are actually the last best hope for this desiderata. Design/methodology/approach – The prairie dog and the ferret are not the species usually associated with concern over endangerment. Typically, it is the whale, the elephant and the rhino that are subjected to such an analysis. The authors approach this issue through the “eyeglasses” of the economist who sees value in our free enterprise institutions. Findings – The authors found that the tragedy of the commons works in this case as it does in all other relevant venues: if land is not privately held, but rather open to all, a tragedy occurs: there is economics misallocation and a too swift use of resources compared to the optimal situation. Originality/...
Convection-enhanced diffusion for random flows

We analyze the effective diffusivity of a passive scalar in a two-dimensional, steady, incompressible random flow that has mean zero and a stationary stream function. We show that in the limit of small diffusivity or large Peclet number, with convection dominating, there is substantial enhancement of the effective diffusivity. Our analysis is based on some new variational principles for convection diffusion problems and on some facts from continuum percolation theory, some of which are widely believed to be correct but have not been proved yet. We show in detail how the variational principles convert information about the geometry of the level lines of the random stream function into properties of the effective diffusivity and substantiate the result of Isichenko and Kalda that the effective diffusivity behaves likeɛ 3/13 when the molecular diffusivityɛ is small, assuming some percolation-theoretic facts. We also analyze the effective diffusivity for a special class of convective flows, random cellular flows, where the facts from percolation theory are well established and their use in the variational principles is more direct than for general random flows.
Tricarbonylchromium Complexes of 1,2-Dihydro-1,2-benzazaborines

1,2-Dihydro-2-phenyl-1,2-benzazaborine reacts with Cr(CO)3(CH3CN)3 in THF at 140 °C to form complex 18, in which the phenyl is η6-bound to chromium. 1,2-Dihydro-2-methyl-1,2-benzazaborine reacts with Cr(CO)3(CH3CN)3 in THF at 60 °C to form complex 23, in which the benzo ring is η6-bound to chromium. Treating 23 with potassium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in THF forms the corresponding potassium salt 25, which on heating undergoes haptotropic isomerization to complex 26, in which the anionic heterocyclic ring is η6-bound to the chromium.
Data hiding in MPEG-2 bitstream by creating exceptions in code space

In this work, we have developed a file-size preserving algorithm to hide data directly in MPEG-2 bitstreams without violating the syntax. The approach is based on the realization that embedding of a bit directly in the bitstream can be achieved by creating an exception in the code space. An exception is created by inserting code words not occurring in the original content into the bitstream. Because the entropy-coded segment of MPEG-2 is fully used, every valid code word appears somewhere in the video. However, exceptions can still be created by recognizing that there are certain variable length codes (VLC) that never occur together in any video block. These are unused VLC pairs and although they vary from stream to stream, they always exist. It is then possible to embed one bit of data by forcing an unused pair in a block subject to a number of constraints, including transparency, file-size preservation and quality metric. The list of unused pairs constitutes a secure key that can be identified by pointer. This pointer can be efficiently encoded for sharing through a secure download. The content-dependence of the key allows a secure exchange of information because each key is valid only for the corresponding video. Because the cover video still uses standard VLCs, the marked bitstream is transparent to external observers. Application areas for the proposed approach are metadata binding and general data hiding when the size of the key is less important than the security and value of attaching data to content. Examples are surveillance video footage and medical applications.
Specific stimulation of recA-independent plasmid recombination by a DNA sequence at a distance.

Recombination between directly repeated DNA sequences can occurviabothrecA-dependent andrecA-inde pendent mechanisms. The are differentially affected by the length of the repeat and the distance separating the repeats, respectively. Interestingly, a 623 base-pairs long DNA sequence of the plasmid pBR322 was found to stimulate specificallyrecA-independent recombination between tandem repeats. Analysis of this stimulating sequence has revealed the following features. (1). It iscis-acting. (2). No specific region of it appears to be essential for the effect. Moreover, a neutral sequence of comparable size was able to substitute for the sequence in influencing recombination. (3). The sequence affects recombination between tandem repeats within thetetAbut not theblagene of pBR322. (4). The sequence exerts its effect in a position-dependent manner. (5). It changes not only the frequency but also the products of recombination. Our results provide an example thatrecA-independent recombination can be influenced by DNA sequences at a distance.
CADASIL: The dermatologic diagnosis of a neurologic disease

Cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is an increasingly recognized neurologic disease characterized by pathognomonic changes to the small vessels, particularly in the brain and skin. Although much has recently been written about this disease in the neuropathology literature, to our knowledge nothing has appeared in the dermatology literature. We wish to call attention to the unique role dermatologists and dermatopathologists can play in the diagnosis of this disease. We review the condition's clinical, histologic, and ultrastructural features.
Simple Predictors of Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty Outcome in the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Study objective: Our objective was to determine whetherbaseline polysomnography, cephalometry, and anthropometry data couldpredict uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) success or failure. Design: We retrospectively reviewed polysomnography, cephalometry, and anthropometry data from patients who underwent UPPPfor obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Setting: Auniversity medical center. Patients: OSA was diagnosedby polysomnography in 46 patients who underwent UPPP surgery for theirsleep disorder. Interventions: UPPP surgery with/orwithout tonsillectomy. Measurements and results: Themean patient age was 43 years, and the mean body mass index was 32.5kg/m 2 . The mean presurgical apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was45, and the mean baseline nadir oxygen saturation was 81%. Successfulsurgery was defined as a reduction in AHI to 20 mm was found to besignificantly (p = 0.05) predictive of failure of UPPP. When stepwiseregression analysis was performed utilizing postsurgical AHI asthe dependent variable and presurgical AHI, age, body mass index, baseline nadir O 2 saturation, and five cephalometricmeasurements as independent variables, MP-H distance significantly( r = 0.524; p = 0.01) correlated positively withpostsurgical AHI. The distance between the superior point of aline-constructed plane of the sphenoidale (parallel to Frankforthorizontal) and a point at the intersection of the palatal planeperpendicular to the hyoid correlated negatively with postsurgicalAHI ( r = 0.586; p = 0.05). By creating alogistic model of this data, an MP-H distance Conclusions: The presence of abaseline AHI
Inbreeding depression in an asexual population of Mimulus guttatus

The reproductive mechanism, that is whether an organism outcrosses, selfs or asexually reproduces, has a substantial impact on the amount and pattern of genetic variation. In this study, we estimate genetic variation and genetic load for a predominately asexual population of Mimulus guttatus, and then compare our results to other studies of predominately sexually reproducing (outcrossing and selfing) populations of M. guttatus. The asexual population had low levels of heterozygosity (H(e) = 0.03) and low (but significantly non-zero) inbreeding load, especially when compared with other M. guttatus populations. This differs greatly from the sexual populations of Mimulus that display substantial inbreeding depression. We discuss a variety of reasons why we see such low load in this study and suggest future research projects to further explore the questions.
Young's modulus, bending strength, and tissue physical properties of human compact bone

The Young's modulus, bending strength, apparent density, and ash content of 155 human compact bone bending specimens were determined. Both Young's modulus (E) and bending strength (S) were strongly correlated to tissue dry apparent density (rho a). Based upon the correlation coefficient (R) and the percent deviation of the data from the regression curve (% dev.), these correlations were best described by power law relationships: E infinity rho a 1.54 (R2 = 0.79, % dev. = 2.4) and S infinity rho a 2.18 (R2 = 0.80, % dev. = 6.4). Bending strength was related to Young's modulus raised to the 1.26 power, implying a nonlinear relationship for these variables. We found a weak correlation between ash content and the mechanical behavior of the compact bone specimens, particularly Young's modulus, but could not statistically justify formulation of a more complex multivariate power model incorporating both density and ash content. Regional variations in strength and stiffness along the femoral shaft and within the cortex were also noted and were attributed primarily to differences in apparent density. The relationships formulated for the mechanical behavior of human compact bone are discussed in terms of the results of previous investigations of the mechanical behavior of nonhuman compact bone and human cancellous bone.
The Effects of Test-Strategy Coaching on Measures of Competency to Stand Trial

This study examined whether individuals who are coached to malinger can elude detection on measures assessing competency to stand trial. Participants consisted of 92 undergraduates (65 females and 27 males; mean age, 23.5 years) who were randomly assigned to groups comprising control (honest responders), uncoached malingerer (feign incompetency without tips), and coached malingerer (feign incompetency with tips). Participants were presented with a hypothetical criminal case scenario that required them to undergo an evaluation of their competency to stand trial, assessed by the Georgia Court Competency Test and the Evaluation of Competency to stand Trial-Revised. The results indicated that the two malingering groups appeared significantly impaired on overall competency scores in comparison to the control group. Furthermore, the two malingering groups appeared significantly elevated on malingering scale scores in comparison to the control group. No differences were found between the uncoached and coached ma...
The prevalence of borderline personality among buprenorphine patients.

Objective:In this study, we examined the prevalence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in a sample of patients seeking outpatient treatment with buprenorphine for opioid addiction.Method:To assess for BPD, we used three self-report surveys in a consecutive study sample.Results:Of the 111 participants who completed all three measures of BPD, 49 (44.1%) exceeded the cut-off score indicative of BPD.Conclusions:Among individuals who are addicted to opioids and seeking treatment with buprenorphine, the prevalence of BPD, as mutually confirmed by three self-report measures, is quite high.
Characterization of a cross-linked DNA-endonuclease VIII repair complex by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Electrospray mass spectrometry techniques were used to characterize components of the active site in Endonuclease VIII by identifying the amino acid sequence and the binding site for a tryptic peptide derived from Endo VIII in a cross-linked DNA-peptide complex. Endo VIII, a DNA repair enzyme with both glycosylase and lyase activities, was covalently bound to a thymidine glycol-containing oligodeoxynucleotide duplex by converting a transient Schiff base formed during the course of the glycosylase activity to a stable covalent bond by chemical reduction with sodium borohydride. After tryptic digestion of the initial product, the identification of the cross-linked peptide was deduced initially from the molecular mass of the tryptic product obtained by negative ion electrospray mass analysis. Nanospray tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis of the tryptic product corroborated the molecular mass of the peptide fragment and verified the point of attachment to the oligomer, but failed to produce sufficient fragmentation to sequence the peptide completely. Direct evidence for the amino acid sequence of the peptide was obtained after enzymatic digestion of the DNA portion of the cross-linked DNA-peptide product and analysis by negative ion nanospray MS/MS. Examination of the ions from collision induced fragmentation disclosed that this substance was the N-terminal tryptic fragment of Endo VIII cross-linked to a portion of the oligomer, and that the N-terminal proline from Endo VIII was covalently bound to the residual deoxyribose moiety at the original location of the thymine glycol in the oligomer.
The right word.

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The acquisition of a kindled response in developing rats using 24-h intertrial intervals

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate a methodology which would permit serial EEG recordings and daily amygdaloid kindling stimulations in young rats (16–26 days old). The preparation was sufficient to maintain the developing rats for 26 consecutive days of stimulation and recording and to permit the acquisition of kindled seizures. Developing rats required a slightly greater number of trials to acquire the kindled response than did adult rats in previous studies using a 24-h intertrial interval.
Neural Correlates of Sequence Encoding in Visuomotor Learning

To examine the neural basis of sequence learning, a fundamental but poorly understood human ability, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) while subjects viewed and memorized randomly directe...
Construct Validity of the Emotion Matching Task: Preliminary Evidence for Convergent and Criterion Validity of a New Emotion Knowledge Measure for Young Children

Current emotion knowledge measures examine only one component of the multifaceted construct. We examined the reliability and the construct validity of a new measure of emotion knowledge (EK), the Emotion Matching Task (EMT). The EMT consists of four parts which measure the components of receptive emotion knowledge, expressive emotion knowledge, emotion situation knowledge, and emotion expression matching. First, we compared the EMT and its parts to two widely used EK measures-the Kusche Emotional Inventory (KEI) and Denham's Affective Knowledge Test (AKT, 1986) in order to establish convergent validity. The EMT and its four parts were strongly correlated with both measures of emotion knowledge. Regression analyses revealed moderate to strong predictive validity for EMT. Compared to KEI and AKT, the EMT was a more robust predictor of teacher rated emotion regulation and parent reported effortful control. Compared to KEI and AKT, the EMT correlated similarly with verbal ability and age.
Space matters: An analysis of poverty, poverty clustering, and violent crime

While numerous criminological theories emphasize the theoretical importance of the spatial distribution of poverty, few studies specifically examine the empirical relationship between the spatial clustering of high poverty areas and violent crime rates. In this analysis we examine the association between poverty clustering and violent crime rates across 236 cities. For each city we compute a poverty cluster score that measures the proportion of contiguous high poverty census tracts. We find little support for a direct relationship between the spatial clustering of high poverty tracts and murder, rape, robbery, and assault. However, variables that measure city disadvantage (e.g., poverty) interact with poverty clustering scores in the case of homicide rates. Specifically, disadvantage has a much stronger relationship to homicide in cities with high levels of poverty clustering. Such an interaction effect is strongly supported by the literature.
The Rightful Role of Management in Technical Communications

How long conference audiences will tolerate poor oral communication will probably depend on how much management is willing to participate. Today, technical competence alone is not enough in a conference presentation. This paper describes the inception of a PGEWS program that provides for a direct approach to this problem in which management plays a major role. It is a program that enlists the cooperation of various departments, provides suggestions for in-plant training sessions, offers pointers for initiating dry-runs of papers, and describes aids for the pre-evaluation of speakers and how to prepare potential authors for paper presentations.
Clonal analysis of T lymphocyte response to an isolated class I disparity

Abstract A bulk primed lymphocyte reagent generated in a class II identical class I (HLA-B) disparate sibling combination demonstrated both cytotoxic {cell mediated lympholysis (CML)} and proliferative {i.e., primed LD (lymphocyte) typing (PLT)} reactivity associated with the class I antigen, Bw62. Cells from this bulk population were plated by limiting dilution and cloned by micromanipulation. Three functional groups of clones were isolated. Some clones derived were found specifically to proliferate to and lyse cells bearing the Bw62 antigen. Based on such reactivities, these clones were analogous to the class of antigen-driven, helper cell independent cytotoxic (HITc) clones previously reported from our laboratories. Other clones responsed proliferatively to stimulation by Bw62 positive cells but were not cytotoxic, thus fitting characteristics of Th, although it will be necessary to test such clones for their ability to produce Interleukin 2 (IL-2). In addition, conventional cytotoxic clones which did not proliferate to, but did lyse cells bearing the Bw62 antigen were isolated. The results were consistent with the existence of both HITc and Tc mediated cytotoxicity generated against this isolated class I disparity.
Comparison of supply and demand constraints on U.S. biofuel expansion

Abstract This paper compares supply and demand constraints on the ramp-up of biofuels in the United States. Three recent supply-side developments are assessed: (1) build-out of commercial-scale cellulosic biorefineries, (2) incremental improvements to existing ethanol and biodiesel biorefineries, and (3) use of waste oils for renewable diesel and biodiesel. From a technical perspective, we estimate these developments could increase domestic biofuels production by up to 4.3, 2.3, and 1.3 billion gallons of gasoline equivalent (BGGE) by 2030, respectively. This corresponds to 3.7% of final energy in the U.S. transportation sector in 2013. On the demand side, the main technical constraints to biofuel growth involve the blend rate of ethanol with gasoline. Rapid removal of E85 and E15 vehicle and infrastructure barriers could generate room for an additional 13.0 BGGE of ethanol and 2.7 BGGE of biodiesel consumption by 2030. There is no demand constraint on drop-in biofuels. Both supply and demand constraints limit the expansion of biofuels, but demand constraints can likely be relaxed at a faster pace than supply constraints. Whether the further expansion of biofuels is socially, economically, or environmentally justifiable is not a research question examined here.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of H-2Df and the spontaneous in vivoH-2Dfm2 mutation

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of the standard H -2 D f allele and the spontaneous in vivoH -2 D fm 2 mutation are reported here. Locus-specific sequences in the 5' and 3' untranslated regions of the mouse MHC class I H -2 D -region genes were used to design primers for the specific amplification and cloning of H -2 D -region cDNA from standard B10.M/Sn H -2 f and mutant BIO.M- H -2 fm 2 /Mob mice. A partial D f genomic clone and direct D f and D fm 2 mRNA sequence analysis confirmed the authenticity of the cDNA clones. Interestingly, H -2 D f contains a proline in the α-helix of the α 1 domain at amino acid position 62; no other known class I molecule has a proline at this position. The H -2 D fm 2 mutation, however, replaces this unique proline in D f with the H -2 and HLA consensus arginine at position 62. Although a point mutation cannot be ruled out, the single nucleotide change in the H -2 D fm 2 mutation is flanked by a stretch of 47 nucleotide bases with an identical counterpart in H -2 K f , a finding consistent with a recombinatorial event between H -2 K f and H -2 D f .
The Density of Meteorite Impacts on the Moon

Abstract If meteors strike the Moon following streamline paths, then the current distribution of meteorite impacts on the Moon is constant. If the Earth-Moon distance is 10 000-1-5000 miles, however, the picture changes, with the back side of the Moon receiving substantially more impacts, thus explaining some recent evidence obtained from photographs.
SEMI-CANONICAL MOs IN THE VARIED OPEN SHELL METHOD AND RELATED APPROACHES

The self-consistency schemes previously developed in J. Struct. Chem., 30, N 5, p. 3 (1986) are shown to belong to the class of semi-canonical orbital schemes. In the derivation they explicitly involve only a part of canonical Koopmans orbitals in the iteration process. In particular, within the restricted Hartree-Fock method for a non-degenerate case a semi-canonical variational scheme based on the matrix elements of the unrestricted Hartree-Fock method is studied. Errors present in the above mentioned work in the description of the scheme of a varied open shell are corrected. A possible generalization for the case of Roothaan type degeneration is proposed and specific examples of low-spin and high-spin states with a violated Aufbau filling principle are considered.
Automated acquisition and analysis of data from the photoelectric scanner of the model E analytical ultracentrifuge.

Abstract To facilitate sedimentation equilibrium experiments on the model E analytical ultracentrifuge, a method for automated data acquisition from the photoelectric scanner system has been developed. The instrumentation described is relatively simple to install and convenient to operate. Direct access to computer analysis of data is thus achieved. Application is made to the study of a protein, allophycocyanin. Results over a range of pH and protein concentrations confirm that an α 3 β 3 structure is stable in aqueous media.
The inhibition of corrosion of S30403 stainless steel by a naturally occurring catecholic polymer

Abstract Corrosion measurements based on cyclic potentiodynamic polarization indicate that a catecholic mussel adhesive protein adsorbed on to S30403 stainless steel coupons confers significant corrosion inhibition on the metal compared with other adsorbates tested. This inhibition is concentration dependent, with a maximum measured concentration effect occurring at a 1.0 mg/ml solution concentration. This effect results in a reduction of weight loss of more than 50% in both the polarization measurements and in acidic ferric chloride measurements for 72 h. A synthetic analog of the mussel protein with a bottle brush configuration, instead of the tandem linear array of decapeptide repeats characteristic of the natural protein, showed no inhibitory effect on the corrosion of stainless steel samples. This suggests that the molecular configuration of the natural protein may be as important as its functional chemistry in the inhibition of corrosion of S30403 stainless steel.
The hierarchical network design problem

Abstract In this paper the authors introduce the hierarchical network design problem (HNDP). The object of the HNDP is to identify the least cost, two-level hierarchical network. The network must include a primary path from a predetermined starting node to a predetermined terminus node. In addition, each node not on the primary path must be connected to some node on that path by means of a secondary path. The problem is initially formulated as an integer linear program. An heuristic is then presented which employs a K shortest path algorithm, and a minimum spanning tree algorithm. Heuristic results of two sample problems are presented and compared to the results obtained by solving the integer LP formulation. Potential applications of the formulation are also discussed.
Rebound 2007: Analysis of U.S. light-duty vehicle travel statistics

U.S. national time series data on vehicle travel by passenger cars and light trucks covering the period 1966–2007 are used to test for the existence, size and stability of the rebound effect for motor vehicle fuel efficiency on vehicle travel. The data show a statistically significant effect of gasoline price on vehicle travel but do not support the existence of a direct impact of fuel efficiency on vehicle travel. Additional tests indicate that fuel price effects have not been constant over time, although the hypothesis of symmetry with respect to price increases and decreases is not rejected. Small and Van Dender (2007) model of a declining rebound effect with income is tested and similar results are obtained.
Distribution of Mutagens and Toxicants in Lake Ontario Waters as Assessed by Microbiological Procedures

Water samples collected from inshore and offshore waters in Lake Ontario, Toronto waterfront and Hamilton Bay were tested for mutagenic activity (Ames’ Test) and presence of acute toxicants (Spirillum volutans test). Data indicate many inshore waters contain mutagenic compounds which cause reversion of Salmonella tester strain TA 1535. The majority of samples tested did not contain acute toxicants based on the Spirillum volutans test.
An ergonomic evaluation of surgeons' axial skeletal and upper extremity movements during laparoscopic and open surgery.

Abstract Background: Many surgeons have complained of fatigue and musculoskeletal pain after laparoscopic surgery. We evaluated differences in surgeons’ axial skeletal and upper extremity movements during laparoscopic and open operations. Methods: Five surgeons were videotaped performing 16 operations (8 laparoscopic and 8 open) to record their neck, trunk, shoulder, elbow, and wrist movements during the first hour of surgery. We also compared postprocedural complaints of pain, stiffness, or numbness between the two groups. Results: Compared with surgeons performing open surgery, surgeons performing laparoscopic surgery exhibited less lateral neck flexion; less trunk flexion; more internal rotation of the shoulders; more elbow flexion; more wrist supination and wrist ulnar and radial deviation. There was a trend of more shoulder stiffness after laparoscopic operations than after open operations. Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery involves a more static posture of the neck and trunk, but more frequent awkward movements of the upper extremities than open surgery. Ergonomic changes in the operating room environment and instrument design could ease the physical stress imposed on surgeons during laparoscopic operations.