cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of concurrently acquired in vivo 3D ARFI and SWEI images of the prostate

In the prostate, ARFI and SWEI imaging methods have reported that cancer and other pathologies as being stiffer than the surrounding tissue. A three-dimensional in vivo prostatic imaging system capable of concurrently acquiring ARFI and SWEI data was developed to compare the information available in the two image types. Data were acquired in a calibrated CIRS phantom to analyze the contrast, contrast to noise ratio (CNR), and resolution between the ARFI and SWEI images; SWEI images provided improved contrast and CNR, but lower spatial resolution than ARFI images. Challenges and potential artifacts in both the ARFI and SWEI images have been identified and reduced by viewing coronal sections and maximum value SWEI images, resulting in high correlation between the normalized ARFI displacement magnitude and the estimated shear wave speed. We have demonstrated that this combined ARFI and SWEI imaging system can image the anatomy of the prostate.
Inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis during premeiotic stages of spermatogenesis by a factor from testis-associated lymphomyeloid tissue in the dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias).

To investigate factors controlling spermatogonial proliferation, we used premeiotic (PrM) spermatocysts (stage-synchronized germ cell/Sertoli cell clones) derived from the testis of the dogfish shark (Squalus acanthias) as an in vitro test system to estimate DNA synthesis by [ 3 H]thymidine incorporation. Coculture of PrM spermatocysts with spermatocysts of the same (PrM) or more advanced stages (M, meiotic ; PoM, postmeiotic) revealed the presence of an increasing gradient of inhibitory bioactivity from immature to mature stages (PoM>M>PrM). An even more potent and effective inhibition was detected when PrM spermatocysts were cocultured with equivalent amounts of epigonal organ, a lymphomyeloid tissue encapsulating the testis adjacent to the mature (PoM) region and immediately upstream in the vascular pathway. Inhibitory bioactivity also was present in spent media from cultured epigonal fragments and in cytosolic subfractions of epigonal homogenates but was undetectable in epididymis, muscle, serum, and red blood cells. Lower but significant inhibition was obtained with the white blood cell fraction of peripheral blood in one of two experiments. Effects of the epigonal growth-inhibitory factor (EGIF) were dose- and time-dependent, had a short response latency (3 h), were completely reversible ( preleptotene). Analysis of the entire series of experiments showed that testis-derived inhibitory activity varied seasonally, with maximum effectiveness correlated with periods of spermatogenic inactivity. By contrast, EGIF was effective throughout the year. Results indicate that a spermatogonial growth regulatory factor emanating from a testis-associated immune tissue enters the testis proper via vascular pathways to form a gradient of inhibitory bioactivity countercurrent to the spermatogenic progression. This gradient may be part of a mechanism accounting for the orderly diametric arrangement of maturing spermatocysts and the seasonal onset and arrest of spermatogenesis characteristic of this model. The strict temporal and spatial arrangement of successive germ cell stages in the testis of all vertebrates suggests that a mechanism of this type may have general relevance.
Bullying in the Digital Age: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Cyberbullying Research Among Youth

Although the Internet has transformed the way our world operates, it has also served as a venue for cyberbullying, a serious form of misbehavior among youth. With many of today's youth experiencing acts of cyberbullying, a growing body of literature has begun to document the prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of this behavior, but the literature is highly fragmented and lacks theoretical focus. Therefore, our purpose in the present article is to provide a critical review of the existing cyberbullying research. The general aggression model is proposed as a useful theoretical framework from which to understand this phenomenon. Additionally, results from a meta-analytic review are presented to highlight the size of the relationships between cyberbullying and traditional bullying, as well as relationships between cyberbullying and other meaningful behavioral and psychological variables. Mixed effects meta-analysis results indicate that among the strongest associations with cyberbullying perpetration were normative beliefs about aggression and moral disengagement, and the strongest associations with cyberbullying victimization were stress and suicidal ideation. Several methodological and sample characteristics served as moderators of these relationships. Limitations of the meta-analysis include issues dealing with causality or directionality of these associations as well as generalizability for those meta-analytic estimates that are based on smaller sets of studies (k < 5). Finally, the present results uncover important areas for future research. We provide a relevant agenda, including the need for understanding the incremental impact of cyberbullying (over and above traditional bullying) on key behavioral and psychological outcomes.
Boundary determinations from low frequency magnetic field measurements

Objects in the interplanetary medium are subject to interactions with the solar wind. As the solar wind encounters magnetized or unmagnetized objects, a shock wave forms upstream of the object and the solar wind field is distorted and draped over the obstacle. For magnetic bodies, this interaction produces three distinct regions of space: the solar wind, the magnetosphere of the body, and the magnetosheath or shocked solar wind between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. Accurate characterization of magnetic bodies therefore depends on identification of crossing from the solar wind or magnetosheath into the magnetosphere of the object. Magnetic measurements in the < 1Hz to 100’s Hz range (denoted AC) have proven extremely useful in determining characteristic regions within the Earth’s magnetosphere. At low altitudes, magnetic fluctuation levels are particularly useful in identifying field-aligned currents of the ionosphere auroral zones. These currents are a necessary consequence of the solar wind and will occur at other bodies as well, connecting the various altitude regions of magnetospheres. At high altitudes, the AC levels have proven indicative of magnetosheath and magnetopause current layers. Magnetosheath regions are subject to ion cyclotron and mirror mode local instabilities which do not penetrate the magnetopause. Furthermore, the magnetopause boundary for large magnetic shear is the site of intense magnetic noise. Magnetic fluctuation levels may be used to assist in the identification, at various altitudes, of the boundaries between the regions of magnetic influence of the solar wind and interplanetary bodies.
Generalized Lymphangiomatosis Presenting as Cardiomegaly

Lymphangioma refers to the local proliferation of well-differentiated lymphatic tissue. Generalized lymphangiomatosis is rare. We report a previously healthy 8-month-old infant who suffered from tachypnea with mild fever for 2 weeks. Imaging studies revealed a well-defined, large mass occupying the mediastinum, which presented as cardiomegaly. The disseminated mass extended to the thymus, lung, and spleen. Lymphangiomatosis was diagnosed by biopsy. Drainage of the pericardial fluid and total parenteral nutrition did not result in improvement of chylopericardium. Secondary hypogammaglobulinemia and septic shock developed sequentially. Surgical removal of the mediastinal mass and spleen were performed. Daily subcutaneous injection of interferon (IFN) alpha-2b was then given for 3 months. No recurrence was noted during 2 years of follow-up. IFN alpha-2b may be considered as an alternative for the treatment of generalized lymphangiomatosis.
A Newton-Raphson based strategy for exploiting latency in dynamic simulation

Abstract Latency [6] in dynamic simulation is a consequence of the difference between the dynamic behavior of different units that make up a flowsheet. Taking advantage of latency is essential to reduce the computation time in dynamic simulation. It is observed that in dynamic simulation there is a parallelism between the degree of dynamical activity of a unit and the computational effort required to realize this activity. An algorithm is presented to exploit this parallelism by avoiding some or all the steps involved in solving the corrector equations in the numerical integration process by the Newton-Raphson method. Unlike conventional ones, the proposed algorithm has no approximations built into it and solves the correct model of the flowsheet at each step of the integration. The algorithm is tested on the example problem and it is shown that significant savings in computation time can be achieved.
Improving RBSOA of 10 kV class bipolar devices

Although some effort has been made to develop a 10 kV bipolar device, one of the main challenges to this development is the small RBSOA expected from a 10 kV class device. Based on the good understanding of what exactly determines the RBSOA of a large area bipolar device, in this paper, we stated that a better RBSOA device can be achieved by increase the sustain-mode dynamic avalanche capability of the device. In the punch through case when the device is in sustained mode, an analytical model is also developed based on the concept
Pharmacokinetics of Single‐Dose Rectal Zonisamide Administration in Normal Dogs

Background Few medications are available for parental administration to animals with seizures. Rectal administration of medications is often used if the animal cannot be administered oral medications. Hypothesis/Objectives To determine the pharmacokinetic differences in zonisamide when administered rectally in either of 2 vehicles and PO to dogs. Animals Eight healthy research dogs. Methods Randomized cross-over design. Zonisamide, 10 mg/kg, was administered rectally in polyethylene glycol (PEG-R), rectally in water (H2O-R), and as an oral capsule. Plasma zonisamide concentrations were measured until 72 hours after administration. Zonisamide was quantitated by HPLC and plasma concentration versus time curve data was analyzed by using noncompartmental modeling. Results Mean maximum plasma zonisamide concentrations (μg/mL) were significantly higher after oral administration (11.56 ± 4.04) compared to H2O-R (5.00 ± 1.83) (P = .004). Disappearance half-life (hours) and mean time to maximum concentration (hours) were not significantly different between methods of administration. Mean relative bioavailability of PEG-R (85 ± 69%) was significantly higher than that of H2O-R (53 ± 37%) (P = .039). Dogs tolerated all dosing forms with no evidence of adverse effects. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The vehicle in which zonisamide is dissolved influences rectal bioavailability, with PEG preferred to H2O-R. Because of the prolonged time to maximum concentration, rectal administration of zonisamide should not be used to treat status epilepticus in dogs. A dose higher than what was used in this study might be necessary, if currently recommended minimum therapeutic concentrations (10 μg/mL) are to be achieved with a single-dose administration.
Statistical Description of Longshore Transport Environment

The longshore transport environment at a coastal site is represented in terms of six parameters. The total population of longshore transport-rate observations at a site is separated into two populations, positive transport and negative transport, each of which canbe described by a log-normal probability distribution. The six parameters describing the environment are the two means and standard deviations that define the two log-normal distributions and the fractions of time the transport is positive and negative. The log-normal distribution appears to fit data from a wide variety of sites and for a wide range of types of wave data. Longshore transport rates calculated from longshore current observations depend on surf-zone width; thus the coefficient relating longshore transport rates to surf-zone conditions varies from site to site. Annual net longshore transport rates are normally distributed. Synthetic net transport-rate data at Indian River Inlet, Delaware, was generated having the same statistical parameters as the observed transport rates.
VELOCITY AND CONCENTRATION DISTRIBUTION IN A STEFAN DIFFUSION TUBE

Numerical solutions for the diffusion- and gravity-driven flow in a cylindrical Stefan tube were obtained from the coupled diffusion and Navier-Stokes equations for Peclet numbers, NPe = 0.3, 1 and 5. Distributions of binary component concentrations and velocities were calculated. The mass average velocity is parabolic in nature, except at high NPe . The solvent is not stagnant but recirculates, even in the absence of gravity. Radial concentration gradients develop which act convectively destabilizing. Consequences for the deduction of diffusion coefficients from Stefan tube experiments are discussed.
Methods and Criteria for Model Selection

Model selection is an important part of any statistical analysis and, indeed, is central to the pursuit of science in general. Many authors have examined the question of model selection from both frequentist and Bayesian perspectives, and many tools for selecting the “best model” have been suggested in the literature. This paper considers the various proposals from a Bayesian decision–theoretic perspective.
Emerging roles of JAK–STAT signaling pathways in adipocytes

Twenty years ago, adipocytes were largely considered to be inert energy-storage depots. We now know that fat cells are highly insulin-sensitive with significant endocrine functions. Alterations in adipocyte development or function can contribute to metabolic disease, in particular type 2 diabetes. The current obesity epidemic that plagues many nations provides a strong rationale for understanding basic adipocyte biology. The JAK–STAT signaling pathway mediates the action of a variety of hormones that have profound effects on adipocyte development and function. In addition, adipocytes secrete hormones that utilize this signaling pathway. This review summarizes research on the expression and function of JAKs and STATs in adipocytes and highlights the roles of JAK–STAT-activating cytokines in adipose tissue.
Solving two-stage robust optimization problems using a column-and-constraint generation method

Abstract In this paper, we present a column-and-constraint generation algorithm to solve two-stage robust optimization problems. Compared with existing Benders-style cutting plane methods, the column-and-constraint generation algorithm is a general procedure with a unified approach to deal with optimality and feasibility. A computational study on a two-stage robust location-transportation problem shows that it performs an order of magnitude faster.
"Nosotros somos ahora los verdaderos españoles": el proceso de la independencia de México

El texto reconstruye el heterogeneo comportamiento politico del pueblo novohispano entre 1808 y 1824. El autor discute la cultura politica y juridica que Mexico compartio con Espana antes, durante y despues de la independencia de 1821. Propone que conceptos como autonomismo, insurgencia, constitucionalismo, monarquismo imperial o independentismo deben comprenderse en el contexto de las turbulencias politicas que llevaron al pueblo novohispano a elegir entre distintas opciones de gobierno con el unico fin de preservar el legado liberal hispanico, con o sin Fernando VII. Esto explica que la Constitucion mexicana de 1824 plasmase en su esencia los principios de la Carta de Cadiz y que ese legado perdurase hasta fines del siglo XIX.
A multisensor image fusion and enhancement system for assisting drivers in poor lighting conditions

A system of multisensor image fusion and enhancement for visibility improvement is proposed in this paper for helping drivers driving at night or under bad weather conditions. Video stream captured by a CCD camera is enhanced, then aligned and fused with another stream captured by a thermal camera to improve the visibility of roads in extremely low lighting conditions. A nonlinear image enhancement technique capable of dynamic range compression and contrast enhancement is developed to enhance the visible images prior to fusion. The thermal image and the enhanced visible image are then aligned based on prior information obtained on image registration process. Pixel-level multiresolution based image fusion method is applied to merge source images. After image fusion, a color restoration is performed on fused images with the chromatic information of visible images. The entire image processing and analysis system is being installed in an FPGA environment. Preliminary results obtained in various experiments conducted with the proposed system are encouraging
Evolutionary allometry of lumbar shape in Felidae and Bovidae

As body size increases, so do the biomechanical challenges of terrestrial locomotion. In the appendicular skeleton, increasing size is met with allometry of limb posture and structure, but much less is known about adaptations of the axial skeleton. It has been hypothesized that stabilization of the lumbar region against sagittal bending may be a response to increasing size in running mammals. However, empirical data on lumbar allometry in running mammals are scarce. This study presents quantitative data on allometry of the penultimate lumbar vertebra in two mammal families: Bovidae and Felidae. One hundred and twenty 3D landmarks were collected on the penultimate lumbar vertebra of 34 bovid (N = 123) and 23 felid (N = 93) species. Multivariate phylogenetically informed regressions were computed, and the shape variation associated with increasing size calculated. The influence of locomotor and habitat variables on size-corrected lumbar shape was tested using phylogenetic multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVAs). Results demonstrate that the scaling patterns in both groups are consistent with the hypothesis of allometric stabilization of the lumbar region, and suggest convergent evolution of allometric responses in distantly related lineages of mammals. However, there was a relatively smaller effect of size in felids than bovids, even when size range disparities were accounted for, suggesting a trade-off between size and running behaviour. Despite the strong influence of size and phylogeny on lumbar shape, there was no correlation with either habitat or diet within families, though certain specialized taxa (i.e., cheetah) did have divergent morphology.
WBC reduction of RBC transfusions is associated with a decreased incidence of RBC alloimmunization.

BACKGROUND: Allogeneic transfusion stimulates Th2 (humoral) immunity. A hypothesis was developed that WBC reduction, by reducing the Th2 stimulus associated with transfusions, might reduce RBC alloimmunization. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The first retrospective cohort study involved determining the prevalence of newly detected alloimmunization in transfused patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in our hospital in the period before WBC reduction and after its introduction for this particular group of patients. The second study involved determining the incidence of newly detected RBC alloimmunization in all transfused hospital patients during three annual periods with WBC-reduction prevalences ranging from 0 to 100 percent. RESULTS: The alloimmunization prevalence rate in AML patients was 8.2 percent in those receiving non-WBC-reduced RBCs and platelets (n=195) and 2.8 percent in those receiving only WBC-reduced components (n=215) (p=0.016). In all patients, the alloimmunization incidence rate decreased from 3.47 per 1000 antibody screens in 1987 (no WBC reduction) to 2.97 per 1000 in 1999 (40% of transfusions WBC-reduced) to 2.38 per 1000 in 2001 (100% of transfusions WBC-reduced) (p=0.0298). A decrease in alloimmunization was observed in both males and females, with the decrease more clearly evident in males. CONCLUSION: These preliminary data support the hypothesis that WBC reduction may be associated with a reduced frequency of RBC alloimmunization. These findings require confirmation and further investigation.
Selection for Body Weight at Eight Weeks of Age 1. Short term Response and Heritabilities

Abstract BODY weight at 8 weeks of age is a quantitative characteristic influenced by complex physiological mechanisms. Asmundson and Lerner (1933) demonstrated that inherited differences in body growth were influenced by multiple genetic factors. Jaap and Morris (1937) attempted to quantitatively determine the relative importance of several sources of variation on 8-week weight. In recent years many estimates of heritability have been reported for the body weight of chickens. A summary of 176 published heritability estimates of body weight obtained for chickens 6 to 12 weeks of age is presented in Figure 1. The median heritability was .41 with an inter-quartile range of .29 to .54. This would indicate that, in most of the populations studied, body weight at these ages had a moderate to high heritability. Although the overall range of the estimates given in Figure 1 may appear wide it should be remembered that several methods of estimations were …
WEBVIGIL: MONITORING MULTIPLE WEB PAGES AND PRESENTATION OF XML PAGES

In the case of large-scale distributed environments such as the Internet, users are interested in monitoring changes to a particular web page (XML or HTML). There are many instances in which the change detection is required at a finer granularity, such as changes to links, images, phrases or keywords in a page. WebVigiL is a general-purpose, change monitoring, notification and presentation system for web pages. It handles specification, management, and propagation of customized changes as requested by a user in an efficient way. When the user specifies an URL, it may contain frames instead of a single content page; this entails additional pages to be fetched from the frames for detecting changes. In this paper we propose different approaches for detecting changes over pages containing frames and generalizing it in terms of depth. We also address the case of monitoring multiple web pages for different change types with a single request. As there are no presentation semantics and tags, manual identification of the detected changes is difficult on a XML web page. Once detected, changes have to be notified to the user in a meaningful manner. In this paper we also propose various presentation schemes to display the changes computed on XML pages.
The Q10 of auditory brain stem responses in rats under hypothermia.

Auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) were recorded from normal Sprague-Dawley rats ranging in age from 15 to 120 days. Increased latencies for all four waves of the ABR were noted for animals of all ages as their body temperatures were reduced from 38 to 28° C. The Q10s of the latency changes were highly variable but were still significantly higher for the first three waves of the ABR in animals less than 20 days of age compared with older animals. The Q10s for the fourth wave in both groups were alike. Wave heights tended to decrease during cooling, but this effect was inconsistent. The cochlear microphonic was recorded in some animals and tended to decrease in size with cooling.As seen in this study, the significant changes in wave latencies due to small temperature differences underscore the need to carefully control this variable when taking evoked responses from animal preparations and humans subject to variations in body temperature. The inter-animal variability of the Q10 precludes any simple ‘corr...
A convex analytic approach to system identification

This paper introduces a new concept for system identification in order to account for random and nonrandom(deterministic/set-membership) uncertainties. While, random/stochastic models are natural for modeling measurement errors, nonrandom uncertainties are well-suited for modeling parametric and nonparametric components. The new concept introduced is distinct from earlier concepts in many respects. First, inspired by the concept of uniform convergence of empirical means developed in machine learning theory, we seek a stronger notion of convergence in that the objective is to obtain probabilistic uniform convergence of model estimates to the minimum possible radius of uncertainty. Second, the formulation lends itself to convex analysis leading to description of optimal algorithms, which turn out to be well-known instrument-variable methods for many of the problems. Third, we characterize conditions on inputs in terms of second-order sample path properties required to achieve the minimum radius of uncertainty. Finally, we present fundamental bounds and optimal algorithms for system identification for a wide variety of standard as well as nonstandard problems that include special structures such as unmodeled dynamics, positive real conditions, bounded sets and linear fractional maps.
Steering and control of a passively articulated robot

The need for light weight yet highly mobile robotic platforms is driven by the limitation of available power. With unlimited energy, surface exploration missions could survive for months or years and greatly exceed their current productivity. The Sun-Synchronous Navigation project is developing long-duration solar-powered robot exploration through research in planning techniques and low-mass robot configurations. Hyperion is a rover designed and built for experiments in sun-synchronous exploration. This paper details Hyperion's steering mechanism and control, which features 4-wheel independent drive and an innovative passively articulated steering joint for locomotion.
Estradiol, Administered Acutely, Protects Ischemic Myocardium in Both Female and Male Rabbits:

Background: The benefits of chronic administration of estrogen to postmenopausal women are well documented; however, the acute effects of exogenous estradiol on myocardium after coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion in male and female animal models are unknown. We tested the influence of acute pretreatment with estradiol on the development of myocar dial necrosis in two protocols, studying intact anesthetized female and male rabbits.Methods and Results: 17β-estradiol (1 mg) was given 15 minutes before coronary artery occlusion in the treated groups (n = 10 females, 10 males); control rabbits (n = 11 females, 10 males) received water. All rabbits underwent 30 minutes of coronary artery occlusion and 4 hours of reperfusion. Myocardial blood flow was similar between groups at 10 minutes after treatment and during coronary artery occlusion and reperfusion. Thus estradiol did not increase blood flow. Heart rate and systemic pressure were also similar between groups. Estradiol levels during coronary artery ...
Symptom profile in obese asthmatics compared with non obese asthmatics in stable state

It has been proposed that in asthmatic subjects with obesity (O) it is more difficult to achieve symptom control when compared with non obese patients (NO). The aim of this study was to establish a symptom profile in outpatient asthmatics, comparing O with NO subjects. We included patients with confirmed Asthma, who had filled prescriptions for at least 1 year. They should not have other respiratory illness or systemic uncontrolled disease. Subjects answered the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACT), and clinical charts were reviewed for demographic, medical and therapeutic information. ACT scores from 5 (worst control) to 25 (total control). Obesity was defined as BMI ≥30 Kg/m2. Statistical analysis was done with t test and chi2. Results are presented as mean±SD. 223 patients were included (93 O, 130 NO), with FEV1 77±21%, and asthma for 21.5±14.2 years. O group was older (55.6±15.6 vs 48.2±20.8 years old; p=0.004), had more women (85 vs 64%, p=0.001), less atopy (71 vs 84%, p 2 controller drugs in 19 vs 7% (p In this group of asthmatic patients we found that O subjects had worse control than NO, with a different symptom profile, despite receiving more treatment.
Inhibitors of NF-kappaB Reverse Cellular Invasion and Target Gene Upregulation in an Experimental Model of Aggressive Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Summary Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is diagnosed in 640,000 patients yearly with a poor (50%) 5-year survival rate that has not changed appreciably in decades. Paitents and Methods To investigate molecular changes that drive OSCC progression, cDNA microarray analysis was performed using human OSCC cells that form aggressive poorly differentiated tumors (SCC25-PD) in a murine orthotopic xenograft model compared to cells that produce well-differentiated tumors (SCC25-WD). Results As this analysis revealed that 59 upregulated genes were NF-κB target genes, the role of NF-κB activation in alteration of the transcriptional profile was evaluated. The mRNA and protein upregulation of a panel NF-κB target genes was validated by real-time qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, nuclear translocation of RelA was greatly increased in SCC25-PD, increased nuclear RelA was observed in oral tumors initiated with SCC25-PD compared with tumors initiated by SCC25-WD, and nuclear RelA correlated with stage of disease on two human OSCC tissue microarrays. Treatment of SCC25-PD cells with the IKKβ-inhibitor sc-514, that effectively prevents RelA phosphorylation on Ser 536, reversed nuclear-translocation of RelA and strongly inhibited NF-κB gene activation. Furthermore, blocking the phosphorylation of RelA using the MSK1/2 inhibitor SB 747651A significantly reduced the mRNA upregulation of a subset of target genes. Treatment with sc-514 or SB747651A markedly diminished cellular invasiveness. Conclusions These studies support a model wherein NF-κB is constitutively active in aggressive OSCC, while blocking the NF-κB pathway reduces NF-κB target gene upregulation and cellular invasiveness.
Feature extraction based on decision boundaries

A novel approach to feature extraction for classification based directly on the decision boundaries is proposed. It is shown how discriminantly redundant features and discriminantly informative features are related to decision boundaries. A procedure to extract discriminantly informative features based on a decision boundary is proposed. The proposed feature extraction algorithm has several desirable properties: (1) it predicts the minimum number of features necessary to achieve the same classification accuracy as in the original space for a given pattern recognition problem; and (2) it finds the necessary feature vectors. The proposed algorithm does not deteriorate under the circumstances of equal class means or equal class covariances as some previous algorithms do. Experiments show that the performance of the proposed algorithm compares favorably with those of previous algorithms. >
Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Reaching 130 Db Using Flexible Graphite

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness reaching 130 dB at 1 GHz was achieved by using flexible graphite (Grafoil). Due to the resilience of flexible graphite, it is particularly attractive as an EMI gasket. The high shielding effectiveness is due to the large specific surface area and large skin depth. In contrast, the shielding effectiveness was only 90 dB for polycrystalline graphite of low specific surface area.
Diversifying and stabilizing selection of sialidase and N-acetylneuraminate catabolism in Mycoplasma synoviae.

Sialidase activity varies widely among strains and tends to correlate with strain virulence in the avian pathogen Mycoplasma synoviae. To characterize the forms of selection acting on enzymes required for sialic acid scavenging and catabolism, the ratios of nonsynonymous (Ka) to synonymous (Ks) mutation frequency were calculated for codons in the sialidase gene of 16 strains of M. synoviae and for its nearly identical homolog in four strains of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The Ka/Ks (ω) values for the linked genes required for nutritive N-acetylneuraminate catabolism (nanA, nagC, nanE, nagA, and nagB) from nine strains of M. synoviae were also determined. To provide context, ω was determined for all corresponding genes of 26 strains of Clostridium perfringens and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Bayesian models of sequence evolution showed that only the sialidase of M. synoviae was under significant (P < 0.001) diversifying selection, while the M. synoviae genes for N-acetylneuraminate catabolism and all genes examined from M. gallisepticum, C. perfringens, and S. pneumoniae were under neutral to stabilizing selection. Diversifying selection acting on the sialidase of M. synoviae, but not on the sialidase of M. gallisepticum or the sialidases or other enzymes essential for sialic acid scavenging in other Firmicutes, is evidence that variation in specific activity of the enzyme is perpetuated by a nonnutritive function in M. synoviae that is influenced by the genomic context of the organism.
Towards surveillance video search by natural language query

Spatial language video retrieval is an important real-world problem that is also a natural test bed for evaluating semantic structures for natural language descriptions of motion on naturalistic data. This paper describes first steps towards a system that grounds the meaning of spatial prepositions in geometric features. This system can be used to search a corpus of surveillance video for clips that match spatial language queries such as "along the hallway" and "across the kitchen." We present experiments characterizing the performance of models for the prepositions "across" and "along," and present a methodology for modeling other spatial prepositions.
The Phenomenology of Creativity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship

In our social world, we find extreme variations in the patterns of creati\-vity, innovation, and success at the entrepreneurial activities derived from those patterns. It is the author’s assertion that greater rates of creativity can be achieved by joining the sociological study of phenomenology to that of the entrepreneurial and economic disciplines. In particular, this paper considers the culmination of 100~years of sociological theorizing that has not penetrated various other social disciplines and practical applications, like entrepreneurship, leadership, and strategic planning. Phenomenology is discussed using six assumptions: People have a stock knowledge that is their reality; this stock knowledge bestows a taken-for-granted sense of reality; we learn this stock knowledge from each other; we assume that others share our stock knowledge; there is nothing intrinsic about what we believe to be real in our social world; and there is a presumption\break that the world is the same for all other people that we inhabit a common social world. Three kinds of examples are provided—political, organizational/economic, and historical/military. In all three examples, the author applies phenomenology to show how creativity is unbounded by applying the concepts of phenomenology and thereby breaking the presumed constraints of our social beliefs.
PTSD, cyberbullying and peer violence: prevalence and correlates among adolescent emergency department patients

OBJECTIVE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is often underdiagnosed and undertreated among adolescents. The objective of this analysis was to describe the prevalence and correlates of symptoms consistent with PTSD among adolescents presenting to an urban emergency department (ED). METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of adolescents aged 13-17years presenting to the ED for any reason was conducted between August 2013 and March 2014. Validated self-report measures were used to measure mental health symptoms, violence exposure and risky behaviors. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine adjusted differences in associations between symptoms consistent with PTSD and predicted correlates. RESULTS: Of 353 adolescents, 23.2% reported current symptoms consistent with PTSD, 13.9% had moderate or higher depressive symptoms and 11.3% reported past-year suicidal ideation. Adolescents commonly reported physical peer violence (46.5%), cyberbullying (46.7%) and exposure to community violence (58.9%). On multivariate logistic regression, physical peer violence, cyberbullying victimization, exposure to community violence, female gender and alcohol or other drug use positively correlated with symptoms consistent with PTSD. CONCLUSIONS: Among adolescents presenting to the ED for any reason, symptoms consistent with PTSD, depressive symptoms, physical peer violence, cyberbullying and community violence exposure are common and interrelated. Greater attention to PTSD, both disorder and symptom levels, and its cooccurring risk factors is needed. Language: en
Abstract P205: Angiotensin II Metabolic Pathways In Isoproterenol-Induced Heart Failure: Myocytes vs Non-myocytes

Although myocytes represent three-fours of the ventricular volume in mammalian hearts 90% of the remaining myocardial cells are interstitial cardiac fibroblasts. To shed light into the paracrine mechanisms that contribute to the expression and function of the cardiac angiotensins, we investigated the comparative activity of chymase, ACE, and ACE2 in freshly isolated myocytes and non-cardiac myocytes (NCM) from the left ventricle of rats in which heart failure (HF) was induced by two injections of isoproterenol (Iso) (170 mg/kg body weight, s.c.) spaced 24 h apart. Consistently, chymase enzymatic activity was approximately 10-fold higher in NCM (8.37 ± 0.66 in normal and 6.76 ± 2.7 fmol/min/mg in Iso-induced HF, P < 0.05) compared to myocytes obtained from normal (0.43 ± 0.11 fmol/min/mg) or Iso-induced HF rats (0.65 ± 0.17 fmol/min/mg). Compared to chymase, ACE activity was several folds lower in both NCM (1.37 ± 0.21 in normal and 1.45 ± 0.49 fmol/min/mg in Iso-induced HF) and myocytes (0.28 ± 0.01 fmol/min/mg in normal and 0.37 ± 0.07 fmol/min/mg in Iso-induced HF). As illustrated in the Figure, both chymase and ACE2 activity tended to be higher in myocytes from HF rats. These data suggest that Iso-induced HF causes selective changes in the activity of chymase and ACE2 in myocytes but not in NCM. The clinical significance of these novel findings suggest that chymase rather than ACE inhibitors will have a greater benefit in the management of adverse cardiac remodeling. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Expanding Support for Graduate Students: Library Workshops on Research Funding Opportunities

This case study describes the development, implementation, and assessment of a series of grants research workshops for graduate students, which were implemented to fill a gap in graduate student support. We assessed the workshops through a series of focus groups, and findings show overall satisfaction with the grants tools and workshop. However, participants noted areas of improvement around outreach and promotion and general communication with graduate students. Additional themes emerged related to graduate student socialization and research behaviors, which suggests that librarians have an important role to serve in these areas.
Observable Euler Equations for Inviscid Regularized Two Phase Flow Simulation

We present an overview of an inviscid regularization technique for conservation laws. The technique is based on the realization that observation of any field quantity is only achievable at a finite scale, here referred to as observability scale , and not at the mathematical differential limit required in derivation of the governing differential equations; see Mohseni [1]. The main manifestation of this observability scale is in the derivation of the divergence theorem of Gauss. If an infinitely resolved vector field is averaged for scales below  before one take the steps in proving the divergence theorem, one might obtain the observable divergence equation. Systematic application of the Gauss theorem in application of the conservation laws in fluid mechanics results in the derivation of the observable divergence equation, see [1, 2]. This technique has been applied to several classical shock and turbulence problems including Burgers equation, the homentropic Euler equations, and the Euler equations and the results match very well with previous publications. We present some preliminary results from a pseudo-spectral code developed to solve the observable Burgers equation, the observable homentropic Euler equations, and the observable Euler equations. We present Burgers equation with a Gaussian initial condition that quickly develops into a shock. For the homentropic Euler equations, we present a shock tube example that exhibits a shock and an expansion wave. For the Euler equation, we present the Shu-Osher problem: a shock passing through a perturbed density field. We are currently investigating the use of the observable Euler equations for the simulation of multiphase flows. In this case, the interface between two fluids is simply treated as a discontinuous change in fluid properties. For example, water has a much higher density and viscosity than air. We present a simulation of 2d Rayleigh-Taylor instability (see Fig. 1) and a 2d two phase flow with an air bubble rising in a quiescent liquid.
Transition Metal Associations with Primary Biological Particles in Sea Spray Aerosol Generated in a Wave Channel

In the ocean, breaking waves generate air bubbles which burst at the surface and eject sea spray aerosol (SSA), consisting of sea salt, biogenic organic species, and primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP). Our overall understanding of atmospheric biological particles of marine origin remains poor. Here, we perform a control experiment, using an aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer to measure the mass spectral signatures of individual particles generated by bubbling a salt solution before and after addition of heterotrophic marine bacteria. Upon addition of bacteria, an immediate increase occurs in the fraction of individual particle mass spectra containing magnesium, organic nitrogen, and phosphate marker ions. These biological signatures are consistent with 21% of the supermicrometer SSA particles generated in a previous study using breaking waves in an ocean-atmosphere wave channel. Interestingly, the wave flume mass spectral signatures also contain metal ions including silver, iron, and chromi...
The effects of humidity and cytokinin on growth and water relations of salt-stressed bean plants

Salinity inhibited growth of plants in both low and high humidities when compared to control plants grown under the same conditions. However, salttreated plants grew better under high humidity when compared to saltstressed plants grown under low humidity. Benzyl adenine (B.A.) sprays did not have any effect on growth of salt-treated plants grown in low humidity. However, when plants were grown in high humidity, B.A. either had no effect or inhibited the growth of the plants. Salinity increased leaf resistance to water vapor loss (Rl) in both low and high humidity, and B.A. decreased Rlof salt-treated plants in both humidities. The effects of salinity on decreasing root permeability were the same in both humidities studied, and they were not reversed by B.A. applications. The results do not support the idea that growth inhibition due to salinity is simply the result of impaired cytokinin metabolism and/or transport. Rather, the growth inhibition probably is due to the effect of salinity on the balance of hormones and could be acting at several different steps. re]19720725
Design and tolerance of a free-form optical system for an optical see-through multi-focal-plane display

By elegantly combining recent advancements of free-form optical technology and multi-focal-plane (MFP) display technology, we developed a high-performance true 3D augmented reality (AR) display that is capable of rendering a large volume of 3D scenes with accurate focus cues; this display overcomes the accommodation-convergence discrepancy problem in conventional AR display. In this paper, we concentrate on various aspects of engineering challenges in the design and integration of a free-form optical see-through eyepiece with MFP technology for our AR display prototype. We present the design and optimization strategy in coupling free-form optics with a rotational-symmetric lens system to achieve high image quality. A comprehensive tolerance analysis of this complicated optical system is also presented, including an effective tolerance method for random surface figure errors on aspheric and free-form surfaces. Finally, the image quality of the virtual display is evaluated, which shows the as-built performance matches very well with the optical design results and tolerance analysis.
Prevalence and Prognosis of Heart Failure

Heart failure is a frequently encountered clinical condition with an extremely guarded short- and long-term prognosis. Although recently a great deal of effort has been directed toward early recognition and aggressive treatment of patients with heart failure, considerable work lies ahead if we are to alter the overall prevalence of CHF and reduce the excessive mortality associated with it. Because the prognosis is poor after the onset of heart failure, it seems logical to direct public health measures toward prevention of this condition.
Multiple mental attitudes in agents

The TARK series of symposia has centered around the notions of knowledge and belief. The purpose of this panel is to ask whether additional categories should be brought into the picture, and if so how.
SpinWise: A Practical Energy-Efficient Synchronization Technique for CMPs

Spinning had been the classical way of implementing synchronization primitives (i.e., barriers, locks and conditions) in pthread library before the adoption of fast user space mutex (futex). Since spinning cores do not perform any useful work, it has been believed that futex is more energyefficient than spinning. In this paper, using commercial chip multi-processors (CMPs), first we provide deep insights on how the commercial CMP and operating system together reduce power consumption during spinning- and futex-based synchronization and analyze the duration of synchronization cycles for each implementation. Second, we analyze limitations of existing techniques that attempt to reduce power consumption of CMPs during synchronization. Finally, we propose a spinning-based energy-efficient synchronization technique dubbed SpinWise. We demonstrate that SpinWise can provide 22% higher geometric mean energy efficiency than futex for a CMP running applications with many frequent and short synchronization events.