cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cursing the Queer Family: Shakespeare, Psychoanalysis and My Own Private Idaho

What makes a given appropriation of Shakespeare, a given echo of Shakespeare, worthy of a literary critic’s attention? What makes a critic ponder the Bard’s appearance on a calendar or a credit card, in ‘Fever’ or ‘Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again,’ in Forbidden Planet ox The Last Action Hero, in A Thousand Acres or Goodnight Desdemona (Good Morning Juliet)? Until recently — say, the 1980s — to attract a critic’s attention, an appropriation had to be located, like Shakespeare, within high culture, and was judged according to aesthetic standards applicable to any work of art, standards of beauty, coherence, suppleness, complexity, intelligence, and so on. Since the 1980s, critics have been attracted by appropriations of Shakespeare located outside of high culture, although, as Richard Burt points out, this attraction has not led critics to abandon the standards that previously demarcated these appropriations as out of bounds. Rather, if critics cannot assess appropriations according to the standards of high culture, they ‘try to reclaim’ them, ‘by showing that they are actually intelligent (that is, politically subversive, as present cultural criticism typically understands popular culture)’ (1998, p. xxix).
Docetaxel (DOC) with concurrent radiation (CRT) and bevacizumab (BEV) or erlotinib (ERL) for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LA-SCCHN).

6070 Background: Cisplatin (CIS) may not be the optimal radiosensitizer when combined with targeted agents in CRT regimens. RTOG 0234, a randomized phase II trial of postoperative radiation (RT) plus DOC or CIS plus cetuximab for high-risk LA-HNSCC showed an impressive improvement in overall survival and disease-free survival of DOC versus CIS (79% versus 69% and 66% versus 57% respectively). DOC-based CRT backbone regimens are worth further study in the organ preservation setting. To facilitate and accelerate evaluation of additional targeted agents, we summarized our experience in DOC-based chemo-RT using two consecutive phase II clinical trials with either BEV or ERL. Methods: 73 patients with LA-SCCHN (stage III- IVb) treated with RT (70 or 70.2-72Gy, 1.8-2Gy/day), weekly DOC (20 mg/m2) and targeted therapy [BEV (5 mg/kg/qow) or ERL (150 mg/day)] were included. DOC dose was based on a phase I clinical trial of RT + DOC + ERL (Savvides P. Phase I study of ERL, DOC and RT in LA-SCCHN. AACR 2007.). Resul...
Strategy for Extending the Stability of Bio-oil-Derived Phenolic Oligomers by Mild Hydrotreatment with Ionic-Liquid-Stabilized Nanoparticles.

The development of catalytic transformations and processes is essential to utilize bio-oil and lignin derivatives. Metal nanoparticles (M-NPs) stabilized in ionic liquids (ILs) are promising for the catalytic hydrotreatment of bio-oil because the properties of the catalyst system can be customized by combining the appropriate IL and metal nanoparticles. Herein, we demonstrate an experimental approach to stabilize lignin-derived phenolics isolated from bio-oil with ruthenium NPs stabilized by an ionic copolymer in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2C1Im][OAc]). The mild hydrotreatment of phenolic oligomers (POs) was performed with the synthesized M-NP catalyst at 100 °C for 6 h. Hydrotreatment of the POs resulted in enhanced thermal stability of the POs by as much as a factor of three, as determined by the aging index and by reducing reactive functionalities, which was also confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and GC analysis. The results support our hypothesis that M-NPs stabilized in ILs can effectively stabilize POs under mild conditions, which could be applicable to any lignin-derived phenolic.
ABO Blood Group Is a Predictor for the Development of Venous Thromboembolism After Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background The study's purpose was to determine if there is an association between ABO blood group and the development of symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total joint arthroplasty (TJA). Methods A total of 28,025 patients who underwent primary TJA at a single health care system from 2000 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed from electronic records. Patients who experienced a symptomatic VTE were identified. A multivariate regression model adjusted for known potential risk factors, including age, gender, body mass index, surgery type, previous VTE, smokers, rheumatologic diseases, malignancy, hypercoagulable state, and VTE prophylaxis, was developed to test the association of ABO blood group and postoperative VTE. Separate multivariate regressions were performed for total knee arthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty, specifically looking at pulmonary embolism. Results The risk of symptomatic VTE after TJA was increased in AB blood group patients (odds ratio = 1.4; P = .03). Furthermore, the risk of pulmonary embolism was increased after total knee arthroplasty in AB blood group patients (odds ratio = 2.24; P = .001) but not after total hip arthroplasty ( P = .742). Conclusion AB blood group increased the risk of VTE after TJA. Patient's ABO blood group should be considered in terms of risk stratification and selection of appropriate postoperative VTE prophylaxis.
Determination of the Density and Temperature Dependence of the Shear Viscosity of a Unitary Fermi Gas Based on Hydrodynamic Flow.

We determine the shear viscosity of the ultracold Fermi gas at unitarity in the normal phase using hydrodynamic expansion data. The analysis is based on a generalized fluid dynamic framework which ensures a smooth transition between the fluid dynamic core of the cloud and the ballistic corona. We use expansion data taken by Joseph, Elliott, and Thomas [Shear Viscosity of a Universal Fermi Gas Near the Superfluid Phase Transition, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 020401 (2015).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.115.020401] and measurements of the equation of state by Ku et al. [Revealing the superfluid lambda transition in the universal thermodynamics of a unitary Fermi gas, Science 335, 563 (2012).SCIEAS0036-807510.1126/science.1214987]. We find that the shear viscosity to particle density ratio just above the critical temperature is η/n|_{T_{c}}=0.41±0.11. We also obtain evidence that the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio has a minimum slightly above T_{c} with η/s|_{min}=0.50±0.10.
Coma and Related Global Disturbances of the Human Conscious State

Consciousness, being inwardly sensed and not accessible for objective study, has eluded a common interpretation among philosophers, biologists, and physicians. Each group tends to define the condition somewhat differently according to its own biases and interests. Some even have regarded consciousness as indefinable and its physical substrate beyond scientific analysis.
Unexplained physical complaints. Psychopathology and epidemiological correlates.

‘Hypochondria’, ‘hypochondriasis’, and ‘somatisation’ are terms long used to characterise individuals who display unrelenting somatic symptoms that cannot be medically explained. A psychiatric aetiology for such phenomena is often assumed on the basis of potential psychological gain, the presence of ‘stressors’, the co-existence of unexplained somatic symptom and symptoms of depression or anxiety, or merely the absence of a medical explanation.
Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy (Celiac Disease): More Common than You Think

Gluten-sensitive enteropathy or, as it is more commonly called, celiac disease, is an autoimmune inflammatory disease of the small intestine that is precipitated by the ingestion of gluten, a component of wheat protein, in genetically susceptible persons. Exclusion of dietary gluten results in healing of the mucosa, resolution of the malabsorptive state, and reversal of most, if not all, effects of celiac disease. Recent studies in the United States suggest that the prevalence of celiac disease is approximately one case per 250 persons. Gluten-sensitive enteropathy commonly manifests as "silent" celiac disease (i.e., minimal or no symptoms). Serologic tests for antibodies against endomysium, transglutaminase, and gliadin identify most patients with the disease. Serologic testing should be considered in patients who are at increased genetic risk for gluten-sensitive enteropathy (i.e., family history of celiac disease or personal history of type I diabetes) and in patients who have chronic diarrhea, unexplained anemia, chronic fatigue, or unexplained weight loss. Early diagnosis and management are important to forestall serious consequences of malabsorption, such as osteoporosis and anemia.
Corn leaf aphid feeding behavior, injury to seedling maize, and colony development on inbred lines differing in DIMBOA concentrations

Com leaf aphid rRhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch)] colonization was evaluated on five inbred maize (Zea mays L.) lines (B37, B73, C103, Mol7, and 41:25045) from emergence to the eight-leaf stage. Concentration of 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxyl-l, 4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) in these inbreds was analyzed from emergence to anthesis to determine its effect on com leaf aphid colonization. Inbred 41:25043, which was colonized by com leaf aphids as it emerged from the soil, had the highest DIMBOA concentration. Inbreds B73 and B37 were low in DIMBOA and were colonized in the threeand six-leaf stages, respectively. Inbreds C103 and Mol7 also were low in DIMBOA and supported small colonies after the sixand seven-leaf stage, respectively. Contrary to findings of previous studies, DIMBOA does not appear to be the primary factor conditioning resistance to the com leaf aphid in these inbreds.
Time Perspective and Social Relations: A Stress and Coping Perspective

Traumatic events can profoundly affect perceptions of time with significant impacts—altered time perspective (TP) promotes peritraumatic dissociation, a component of acute stress and predictor of posttraumatic stress disorder. Social relationships also play a critical role in shaping how we respond to trauma. This chapter explores the interplay between time perspective and social relationships and its impact on general well-being and psychological adaptation to trauma in three studies, two of which were conducted in the immediate aftermath of collective trauma. Findings reveal that our perceptions of time and the quality of our social relationships following trauma will likely have a significant impact on our subsequent well-being. To the extent that social relationships and TP work interdependently to affect adaptation to trauma, these findings support development of innovative clinical applications that incorporate TP-social relationship processes to promote resilience.
The theoretical foundation, fidelity, feasibility, and acceptability of a teacher training to promote physical activity among preschoolers in child care: A pilot study

Abstract This article describes the Wellness Enhancing Physical Activity in Young Children (WE PLAY) teacher training, which was designed to assist early childhood educators to promote physical activity among preschoolers in child care. We describe the WE PLAY intervention and its grounding in constructs from theories of health behavior and an implementation science framework. Fidelity, feasibility, and acceptability data from the WE PLAY pilot study, a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) with six Head Start programs in Massachusetts. Data, collected between October 2017–May 2018, are from teachers and supervisors at 3 preschool programs who participated in the WE PLAY (intervention) group. To understand program feasibility and acceptability, we used the Usage Rating Profile-Intervention (URP-I; n = 13) and key informant interviews (n = 5). The URP-I is a validated teacher survey with 6 subscales (Acceptability, Understanding, Feasibility, Family-School Collaboration, Systems Climate, and Systems Support). It was administered twice; immediately after users completed the first component, an online training (week 2), and after implementation of all program components (week 4). WE PLAY was implemented as it was intended, and it was considered acceptable and feasible to users. There was an increase in users' understanding of how to implement the program between weeks 2 and 4, and a concomitant decrease in the amount of additional systems-level supports users thought they would need to implement WE PLAY between weeks 2 and 4. WE PLAY was easily understandable and feasible to implement in real world settings, it was highly acceptable to users, and it deserves further testing.
Obesity Paradox in Peripheral Arterial Disease: Results of a Propensity Match Analysis from the National Inpatient Sample.

Introduction The role of obesity in cardiovascular mortality is controversial. The obesity paradox has been widely attributed to smoking in the underweight. Large-scale studies analyzing the outcomes of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in patients with a higher body mass index (BMI) while accounting for confounders such as smoking are lacking. Method The 2016 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was used to identify all admissions with a primary discharge diagnosis of PAD. A secondary diagnosis of obesity or elevated BMI was used to segregate the admissions into two groups. Propensity scores were calculated to match and control both groups for age, smoking, and diabetes, amongst other confounders. A multivariate logistic and linear regression analysis was performed to calculate the odds ratio for in-hospital mortality, amputation, need for intervention (angioplasty or bypass), acute kidney injury, hospital charges, and length of stay. Non-obesity-related PAD admissions were selected as the reference groups. Results Among 248,288 PAD-related admissions, 41,618 had a secondary diagnosis of obesity. After calculating propensity scores for 1-1 matching, 41,589 admissions in the PAD and obesity group were compared to a similar number of admissions in the reference population. Patients with a concomitant diagnosis of obesity had lower odds of amputation (OR=0.90, 95% CI=0.84-0.95, p<0.001), need for intervention (OR=0.66, 95% CI=0.62-0.69, p<0.0001), and in-hospital mortality (OR=0.81, 95% CI=0.74-0.87, p<0.0001). On the contrary, the odds of having acute kidney injury were higher with elevated BMI (OR=1.30, 95% CI=1.26-1.34, p<0.0001). Conclusion Despite increasing the risk of hypertension, diabetes, and hypertriglyceridemia, the obesity paradox continues to exist with a better short-term prognosis in patients with PAD. Future studies looking into the pathophysiology behind this phenomenon are needed.
Income Inequality and the Financial Crisis

At this year’s conference two panel discussions have been organized to address the most recent financial crisis and the associated policy implications. We recommend that you highlight your program schedule to ensure your participation in these engaging panel sessions.
Arrested Development? Puerto Rico in an American Century

Puerto Rico became an American colony in 1898, achieving self-rule after the Great Depression. The standard view is that Puerto Rican living standards stagnated before the policy changes of the New Deal and it has lost ground on the mainland since the early 1970s. I show these claims are mistaken. Using a new GDP index for 1900 to 1940, I show that income per capita grew at impressive rates during direct American rule and Puerto Rico escaped the worst ravages of the Great Depression. In addition, I find the recent growth slowdown is partly a statistical artifact.
Soil water extraction and use by winter wheat cultivars under limited irrigation in a semi-arid environment

Abstract Water supply and distribution are the main limiting factors to wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield in a semi-arid region of the U.S. southern Great Plains. To manage crop water demand, limited irrigation (also called deficit irrigation) is commonly practiced in the region. A 4-yr study was conducted to evaluate yield in winter wheat cultivars as influenced by the depth and amount of net soil water extraction (SWE) under limited irrigation. For timing the irrigation application, we considered critical growth stages (jointing, tillering, and anthesis) as well as soil water depletion at the crop root zone below 50%. Volumetric soil water content was measured in 0.2 m increments to the depth of 2.4 m at planting, jointing, anthesis, and physiological maturity. Since the irrigation capacity was limited, seasonal precipitation was still an important factor for determining SWE. The 2011 season was one of the historic drought seasons with only 60 mm of seasonal precipitation and the net SWE in that season was limited to the upper 1.2 m profile. In contrast, the 2016 season was more favorable for crop growth with 315 mm of seasonal precipitation and the net SWE in that season reached to 2.0 m deep. Grain yield was largely influenced by the amount of net SWE during the growing season. For the wheat with grain yield of 4807 kg ha−1, net SWE was 165 mm (2016). However, wheat with grain yield of 2933 kg ha−1 only extracted 70 mm stored soil water (2011). The 2012 and 2017 seasons remained intermediate in terms of seasonal precipitation, SWE, and yield. Although the 2011 and 2016 seasons had similar stored soil moisture at planting, more early-season as well as total precipitation in 2016 appears to have enabled plant growth to access the deeper water. In contrast, a greater amount of stored soil water was left unused at the end of the 2011 season due to drought and poor plant growth. Hence, in addition to adding water at critical growth stages, ensuring early plant growth to promote root development for extracting soil water from the deeper profile later in the season should be a key strategy to take full advantage of limited irrigation.
Chapter 12 – Heteroatom Carboranes of the Main Group Elements

The syntheses, structures, and reactions of carboranes containing one or more skeletal heteroatoms from Groups 1, 2, 13, 14, 15, or 16 of the Periodic Table are reviewed. These compounds vary widely in composition, size (5 to 13 vertexes), cage geometry, method of synthesis, and properties, but some correlations are noted. The cage-substitution and other reaction chemistry of these clusters, which is relatively unexplored compared with that of their non-heteroatom carborane analogues, is discussed.
Inferior vena cava filters do not increase the risk of blood stream infections in patients with newly diagnosed VTE.

Background The association between inferior vena cava (IVC) filter presence and subsequent bloodstream infection (BSI) is unknown. We hypothesized among patients with a new diagnosis of venous thromboembolism (VTE), incidence of BSI after 1 year would be higher in patients who had presence of an IVC filter. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed VTE but no IVC filter (N = 4,053) and patients with IVC filter (N = 635) admitted to a metropolitan hospital system from 2006 to 2009 comparing incidence of BSI within 1 year of inclusion. Multivariable regression modeling was used to evaluate the association of IVC filter placement with BSI 1 year after placement. Results Patients with an IVC filter placed were more likely to be older with higher Charlson co-morbidity score (median 4 vs 1; P Conclusions In patients newly diagnosed with VTE, we found no association between IVC filter placement and increased incidence of BSI after 1 year.
Substance Use Among Refugee and Conflict-Affected Children and Adolescents

Though substance use is common in displaced populations, the majority of existing research is among adults. This is a limitation because morbidity for substance use increases during adolescence, and an earlier age of onset of alcohol and drug abuse is associated with more severe substance use outcomes later in life. Despite the elevated risk of substance use and related consequences for children (0–18 years) and, more specifically, adolescents (10–19 years), most studies and prevention or treatment interventions in refugees have been restricted to adults. This chapter will review research on alcohol and other drug use among refugee children and adolescents resettled in low-, middle-, or high-income countries. Given the limited research in this population, we will also review relevant studies conducted among conflict-affected, disaster-affected, and immigrant children and adolescents and discuss how this information may be applicable to refugee children. We will conduct a scoping review of the academic and unpublished epidemiologic research to characterize the patterns and burden of substance use in refugee children and adolescents, risk and protective factors, and interventions that have been tested in refugee and comparable child and adolescent populations. We will present available evidence regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of substance abuse treatment and prevention strategies and discuss the implications of these findings for future research and practice.
Comparison of Insulin Pump Bolus Calculators Reveals Wide Variation in Dose Recommendations.

Background:The introduction of insulin pumps with bolus calculators (BCs) has improved glycemic outcomes and quality of life for those with type 1 diabetes. Despite the increased reliance on BCs, t...
sEMG dataset of routine activities

In this paper, we present the data set of surface electromyography (sEMG) and an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) against human muscle activity during routine activities. The Myo Thalamic Armband is used to acquire the signals from muscles below the elbow. The dataset comprises of raw sEMG, accelerometer, gyro and derived orientation signals for four different activities. The four activities, which are selected for this dataset acquisition, are resting, typing, push up exercise and lifting a heavy object. Therefore, there are five associated files against each activity. The IMU data can be fused with the sEMG data for better classification of activities especially to separate aggressive and normal activities. The data is valuable for researchers working on assistive computer aided support systems for subjects with disabilities due to physical or mental disorder.
Face Emotion Detection Using Deep Learning

Human facial expressions convey abundant information visually instead of vocally. Face expression recognition plays an important role within the world of human-machine interaction. Recognition of facial expression by computer with high recognition accuracy remains a challenging task. This article gives the summary of current Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) stages, techniques, and datasets. FER is usually carried out in three stages involving face detection, feature extraction, and expression classification. In this work, we have used deep learning algorithm to identify the basic human emotions (e.g., anger, fear, neutral, happy, sad, surprise, etc.) on multiple datasets, including FER-2013 (Facial Expression Recognition 2013) and CK+ (Extended Cohn-Kanade). The accuracy of our model, using CNN is 60% for FER 2013 dataset, and for CK+, we achieved significant improvement, highest accuracy was 99.1% and average accuracy was 93% which is better than the one reported.
A situational construal approach to healthcare experiences

Abstract Background The Situational Construal Model proposes that characteristics of persons and situations interact to influence construal of situations and resultant behavior. We apply this framework to the study of healthcare experiences in two studies. Methods In Study 1, mTurk users ( N = 670) read vignettes of positive, neutral, or negative healthcare experiences, described their construal of the vignette, and completed individual difference measures. In Study 2, mTurk users ( N = 292) recalled a recent healthcare visit and reported individual differences, visit characteristics, and outcomes following the visit. Results Across both studies, personality was related to the valenced construal of healthcare experiences. In Study 2, patient and visit characteristics predicted situational construal and self-reported visit outcomes, and situational construal statistically mediated relationships between patient and visit characteristics and outcomes. Conclusions The current work supports the application of the Situational Construal Model to healthcare situations and demonstrates the importance of both person and situation variables for understanding key healthcare outcomes.
De illegale dentistas

Zo’n kwart van alle wettelijk bevoegde medici in de VS zijn immigranten. Maar onder die immigranten bevinden zich ook duizenden onbevoegden, vooral latino’s in de tandheelkunde, die illegale praktijken voeren.
An Empirical Model of Professional Buyers' Search Effort

ABSTRACT Drawing on the similarities and differences between consumer and organizational search situations, this paper develops and tests a model of the professional buyer's external search for information. Key links between search effort and characteristics of the situation, the individual, and the organization are tested with a structural equation modeling approach. The data came from a sample of professional buyers involved in the purchase of a wide range of products. Results indicate that uncertainty surrounding the purchase plays a pivotal role in determining the amount of search effort expended. The importance of the purchase, however, and the organization's previous experience with the purchase are two main factors influencing that relationship. Marketing implications of these findings are discussed for industry practitioners.
The role of front‐line management in anti‐unionization employee communication

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to provide analysis of organizational communication used by one major US airline during a Teamsters unionizing campaign as a means for readers to examine what airlines do when faced with the threat of unionization, how they prepare front‐line management for communication with employees, and what role these managers play in unionizing campaigns.Design/methodology/approach – A range of corporate communications from the airline were gathered within a seven‐month period and qualitatively analyzed, including management training manuals, e‐mails, and conference calls between line managers and regional directors.Findings – Anti‐union communication strategies position front‐line managers in the key persuasive role of controlling and disseminating essential top‐down information in the effort to keep employees union‐free, utilizing a complex and multi‐layered organizational approach to train managers for employee communication during a unionizing campaign.Research limitation...
Optimal Parallelism through Integration of Data and Control Parallelism: A Case Study in Complete Parallelization

This paper presents a detailed case study of programming in a parallel programming system which targets complete and controlled parallelization of array-oriented computations. The purpose is to demonstrate how coherent integration of control and data parallelism enables both effective realization of the potential parallelism of applications and matching of the degree of parallelism in a program to the resources of the execution environment. (“Our ability to reason is constrained by the language in which we reason.”) The programming system is based on an integrated graphical, declarative representation of control parallelism and data partitioning parallelism. The computation used for the example is even-odd reduction of block tridiagonal matrices. This computation has three phases, each with a different parallel structure. We derive, implement and measure the execution of a dynamic parallel computation structure which employs differing levels of control and data parallelism in each phase of the computation to give load balanced execution across a range of number of processors. The program formulated in the integrated representation revealed parallelism not shown in the original algorithm and has a constant level of actual parallelism throughout the computation where the original algorithm had unbalanced levels of parallelism during different phases of the computation. The resulting program shows near-linear speed-up across all phases of the computation for number of processors ranging from 2 to 32.
Can LISA Resolve Distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is expected to detect N ~ 22 [x10^(+/- 1)] close white dwarf binaries in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) through their gravitational radiation with signal-to-noise ratios greater than 10 in observational durations of 3 years or more. In addition to chirp mass, location on the sky, and other binary parameters, the distance to each binary is an independent parameter that can be extracted from an analysis of gravitational waves from these binaries. Using a sample of binaries, one can establish the mean distance to the LMC as well as the variance of this distance. Assuming no confusion noise at frequencies above 2 mHz, LISA might determine the LMC distance to ~ 4.5 (N/22)^(1/2)% and the line of sight extent of LMC to ~ 15 (N/22)^(1/4)$%, relative to its distance, at the one-sigma confidence. These estimates are competitive to some of the proposed direct geometric techniques to measure LMC distance in future with missions such as SIM and GAIA.
Metallic Materials Deposition: Metal‐Organic Precursors

This review describes metal-organic precursors for the growth of metal-containing thin films by chemical vapor deposition methods. The major emphasis is on precursors that have been reported since 1994, and corresponds to a time of major growth in this field. Progress in the development of metal-organic precursors is documented for the main group, lanthanide, and group 4–11 elements. In the main group elements, there has been considerable research activity directed toward the identification of strontium and barium precursors, due both to the technological importance of mixed oxide phases and the inherent difficulties in obtaining volatile, complexes of these large metal ions. Aluminum, gallium, and indium have also been the subject of intense investigation, owing to the importance of many phases containing these elements. The group 4 and 5 elements titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, and tantalum have been the subject of considerable precursor development activity, owing to the importance of several mixed oxide phases and the importance of zirconium and hafnium oxide for high permittivity gate materials in microelectronics devices. Growth of metal nitride films of these elements has also been an active area of research for use as barrier materials in microelectronics devices. The deposition of copper metal films from metal-organic precursors is driven by the urgent need for copper metallization procedures in microelectronics device manufacturing. The current state of metal-organic precursor development is presented for each of the other metallic elements. Keywords: chemical vapor deposition; metal organic chemical vapor deposition; atomic layer deposition; chemical beam epitaxy; metal organic vapor-phase epitaxy; oxide; nitride; diketonate; cyclopentadienyl; main group metal; lanthanide; transition metal
Interaction of Escherichia coli B and B/4 and Bacteriophage T4D with Berea Sandstone Rock in Relation to Enhanced Oil Recovery

Much research and development is needed to recover oil reserves presently unattainable, and microbially enhanced oil recovery is a technology that may be used for this purpose. To address the problem of bacterial contamination in an oil field injection well region, we connected each end of a Teflon-sleeved Berea sandstone rock to a flask containing nutrient medium. By inoculating one flask with Escherichia coli B, we could observe bacterial growth in the uninoculated flask resulting from the transport and establishment of cells across the rock. Differences in bacterial populations occurred depending on whether bacteriophage T4D was first adsorbed to the rock. The results of these experiments indicate that the inhibition of bacterial establishment within a rock matrix is possible via lytic interaction. Some nonlytic effects are also implied by experiments with B/4 cells, which are T4D-resistant mutants of E. coli B. A 10 to 40% retention of T4 by the rock occurred when it was loaded with 105 to 106 PFU. We also describe a lysogenic system for possible use in microbially enhanced oil recovery techniques.
Healing Dramas and Clinical Plots: The Narrative Structure of Experience.

Healing Dramas and Clinical Plots: The Narrative Structure of Experience. Cheryl Mattingly. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 192 pp.
The Political Economy of Stalinism: Creating Soviet Industry

“As long as a pack of narcissistic and self-satisfied bureaucrats like Rukhimovich sit in the ministry of transport and are avoiding fulfilling the decrees of the Central Committee and are sowing seeds of skepticism, the decrees of the Central Committee will put off until doomsday. It is necessary to drive out this pack, to save the railroads.” Stalin to Kaganovich on his opinion of the soon-to-be fired minister of transport, September 19, 1931. “From the decrees that are being received I guess the impression is that we are idiots. Generally speaking, I am obliged to tell you that things are not well. They give us every day decree upon decree, each successive one is stronger than the previous and without foundation.” Complaint of Minister S. Ordzhonikidze about bureaucratic interference. Despite an extensive literature, we still know relatively little about how the industrial ministry, or the People's Commissariat as it was called in the 1930s, really operated. Industrial ministries were the highest managers of production ( khoziaistvenniki ). They, not Gosplan, carried out most operational planning. Insofar as ministers were responsible for final results, they took selfish actions to protect themselves (see Chapter 6). The struggle over control of resources was an even more basic source of conflict. The dictator desired to own and control resources, but producers had operational control of capital assets and, at least initially, physical control over output. Whoever controlled capital and output exercised power.
Epilepsie, Impulskontrollstörung, psychogene Anfälle

Berichtet wird der Fall eines Patienten mit Epilepsie und parallel bestehenden psychogenen Anfallen, die sich bei dem Betroffenen als impulsive negative Verhaltensweisen (Glaser umkippen, sich schlagen) ausern. Die Unterscheidung zwischen epileptischen und psychogenen Anfallen gelingt ihm nicht. Beide werden als unbeabsichtigt, gegen den eigenen Willen stattfindend erlebt. Nach postoperativer Anfallsfreiheit gelingt es psychotherapeutisch, auch die psychogenen Phanomene in Schach zu halten. Die Rolle des selbstbestimmten Willens bei Anfallen, psychogenen Entauserungen und bei aktiven Entscheidungen wird diskutiert.
Early and Late Changes in the Distal Forelimb Representation of the Supplementary Motor Area After Injury to Frontal Motor Areas in the Squirrel Monkey

Neuroimaging studies in stroke survivors have suggested that adaptive plasticity occurs following stroke. However, the complex temporal dynamics of neural reorganization after injury make the interpretation of functional imaging studies equivocal. In the present study in adult squirrel monkeys, intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) techniques were used to monitor changes in representational maps of the distal forelimb in the supplementary motor area (SMA) after a unilateral ischemic infarct of primary motor (M1) and premotor distal forelimb representations (DFLs). In each animal, ICMS maps were derived at early (3 wk) and late (13 wk) postinfarct stages. Lesions resulted in severe deficits in motor abilities on a reach and retrieval task. Limited behavioral recovery occurred and plateaued at 3 wk postinfarct. At both early and late postinfarct stages, distal forelimb movements could still be evoked by ICMS in SMA at low current levels. However, the size of the SMA DFL changed after the infarct. In particular, wrist-forearm representations enlarged significantly between early and late stages, attaining a size substantially larger than the preinfarct area. At the late postinfarct stage, the expansion in the SMA DFL area was directly proportional to the absolute size of the lesion. The motor performance scores were positively correlated to the absolute size of the SMA DFL at the late postinfarct stage. Together, these data suggest that, at least in squirrel monkeys, descending output from M1 and dorsal and ventral premotor cortices is not necessary for SMA representations to be maintained and that SMA motor output maps undergo delayed increases in representational area after damage to other motor areas. Finally, the role of SMA in recovery of function after such lesions remains unclear because behavioral recovery appears to precede neurophysiological map changes.
OPTIMIZATION OF HONEYCOMB CELLULAR MESO-STRUCTURES FOR HIGH SPEED IMPACT ENERGY ABSORPTION

This paper presents the energy absorption properties of hexagonal honeycomb structures of varying cellular geometries to high speed in-plane impact. While the impact responses in terms of energy absorption and densification strains have been extensively researched and reported, a gap is identified in the generalization of honeycombs with controlled and varying geometric parameters. This paper attempts to address this gap through a series of finite element (FE) simulations where cell angle and angled wall thickness are varied while maintaining a constant mass of the honeycomb structure. A randomly filled, non-repeating Design of Experiments (DOE) is generated to determine the effects of these geometric parameters on the output of energy absorbed, and a statistical sensitivity analysis is used to determine the parameters significant for optimization. A high degree of variation in the impact response of varying cellular geometries has shown the potential for the forward design into lightweight crushing regions in many applications, particularly the automotive and aerospace industries. It is found that while an increase in angled wall thickness enhances the energy absorption of the structure, increases in either the cell angle or ratio of cell angle to angled wall thickness have adverse effects on the output. Finally, optimization results present that a slightly auxetic cellular geometry with maximum angled wall thickness provides for maximum energy absorption, which is verified with an 8% error when compared to a final FE simulation.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Estimation of coefficient of variation in a weighted inverse Gaussian model

The coefficient of variation is an important parameter in many physical, biological and medical sciences. In this paper we study the estimation of the square of the coefficient of variation in a weighted inverse Gaussian model which is a mixture of the inverse Gaussian and the length biased inverse Gaussian distribution. This represents a rich family of distributions for different values of the mixing parameter and can be used for modelling various life testing situations. The maximum likelihood as well as the Bayes estimates of the parameters are obtained. These estimates are used to derive the estimates of the square of the coefficient of variation of the model under study. Several important data sets are analysed to illustrate the results. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accumulation of the early histone messenger RNAs during the development of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

Abstract The developmental profile of amounts of the mRNAs for the early histones was determined. Sea urchin embryos ( Strongylocentrotus purpuratus ) were labeled with 3 H nucleoside, and the RNA was extracted and fractionated by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. Radioactivity in the resolved mRNA bands was determined and converted to molar quantities by knowledge of the precursor pool-specific activity. Between the 16- and the 200-cell stages 7–10 × 10 6 molecules of each core histone mRNA, and 2.5 × 10 5 molecules of H1 mRNA accumulate. During the subsequent few hours of cleavage the accumulated mRNAs disappear with a half-life of 1.5–2 hr. It is argued that mRNA half-life may be regulated during cleavage.
Prevention of Tractor–Semitrailer Rollovers: Effectiveness of Electronic Stability Control Systems

This study estimated the effectiveness of electronic stability control systems and roll stability control systems in preventing rollovers of heavy-truck tractor-semitrailers. The study combined hardware-in-the-loop simulation with the analysis of independent crash data sets. Engineering and statistical techniques were used to estimate the probable safety benefits of stability control technologies for five-axle tractor-semitrailers. The conventional approach for assessing the safety benefits of vehicle technologies was to analyze crash data sets containing data on the safety performance of vehicles equipped with the technology of interest. Because the deployment of the stability technologies for large trucks was in its infancy, national crash databases did not yet have a sufficient amount of factual data that could be directly linked to the performance of the technologies. Therefore a novel method of examining the potential benefits of these systems was used. This study focused on untripped vehicle rollove...
Structural properties of hexagonal boron nitride

The electronic and structural properties of hexagonal boron nitride (BN) were studied using density functional theory calculations. Three different approximations for the exchange—correlation energy (the local density and two forms of the generalized gradient)—were used to calculate properties such as the bulk modulus, cohesive energy and lattice constants to determine their relative predictive abilities for this system. In general, calculations using the local density approximation produced properties slightly closer to experimental values than calculations with either generalized gradient approximations. Different stackings, or arrangements of one basal plane with respect to another, were examined to determine the equilibrium stacking(s) and it was found that the different stackings have similar cohesive energies and bulk moduli. Energy versus volume curves were calculated for each stacking using two different methods to determine their relative efficacy. Bulk moduli values obtained assuming no pressure dependence were closer to experimental values than those obtained from three common equations of state. Comparisons between the cohesive energies of hexagonal BN and cubic BN show that the cubic phase is more stable. The pressure/volume dependence of the band structure was studied for several different stackings and all showed similar behaviour, specifically a 3–4.5 eV band gap that was nearly independent of pressure in the −500 to +500 kb regime. These calculated results of the pressure/volume dependence of the band structure are the first reports for this system.
Boundary conditions for envelope functions at interfaces between dissimilar materials.

In the effective-mass approximation, the validity of the boundary conditions for an envelope function F acoss an interface between two different materials is predicated on the similarity of the nearest band-edge Bloch functions. Such approximations break down when the two materials are very dissimilar, e.g., a metal and a semiconductor. By studying one-dimensional model potentials we derive more accurate functional relations between the total wave function and its envelope. From these the usual boundary conditions are restored (continuity of F and F'/${\mathit{m}}^{\mathrm{*}}$) when similiar band edges are aligned at abrupt interfaces in semiconductor heterostructures. More importantly, we also derive appropriate boundary conditions for the case when band edges with qualitatively different Bloch functions are aligned. In particular, we find unique boundary conditions for interfaces between regions with and without periodic potentials. These boundary conditions are shown to apply to semiconductor heterostructures described within the nested effective-mass approximation and are arguably reasonable approximations for metal-semiconductor interfaces.
Response to O'Keefe

(1989). Response to O'Keefe. Journal of the Operational Research Society: Vol. 40, No. 11, pp. 1060-1061.
Effects of Selection for Body Weight, Egg Weight and Heterozygosis on Laying House Performance

Abstract INTRODUCTION SELECTION for extremes in metric traits usually lowers reproductive fitness. The reduction is correlated with both the metric trait itself and with the increase in inbreeding inevitable in populations of finite size. For example, Nordskog and Hassan (1971) found that hatchability was maximum in Leghorns when egg size was about 50 grams. A 10-gram increase above the optimum reduced hatchability more than 10% while a 10 gram decrease lowered it 4%. In addition, hatchability declined 2.6% for each 10% increase in inbreeding. The objectives of this study were: (1) To measure effects of finite population size and metric trait selection on laying house performance and (2) to examine the question as to whether a strain of chickens, subjected to metric trait selection over several generations, lose genes for high egg production as measured in a subsequent cross line test. The metric traits considered were body size and egg size…
Time-Resolved Film-Cooling Flows at High and Low Density Ratios

Film-cooling is one of the most prevalent cooling technologies that is used for gas turbine airfoil surfaces. Numerous studies have been conducted to give the cooling effectiveness over ranges of velocity, density, mass flux, and momentum flux ratios. Few studies have reported flowfield measurements with even fewer of those providing time-resolved flowfields. This paper provides time-averaged and time-resolved particle image velocimetry data for a film-cooling flow at low and high density ratios. A generic film-cooling hole geometry with wide lateral spacing was used for this study, which was a 30 deg inclined round hole injecting along a flat plate with lateral spacing P/D = 6.7. The jet Reynolds number for flowfield testing varied from 2500 to 7000. The data indicate differences in the flowfield and turbulence characteristics for the same momentum flux ratios at the two density ratios. The time-resolved data indicate Kelvin–Helmholtz breakdown in the jet-to-freestream shear layer.
Performance-based topology optimization for wind-excited tall buildings: A framework

Abstract Topology optimization methods were originally developed in a deterministic setting notwithstanding the inherently uncertain environment in which the final structural systems must exist. Indeed, most design applications are affected by uncertainties in material properties, model idealization etc. as well as loads that are inherently aleatory in nature. In addition, the responses of the systems of interest to this study are generally affected by a significant amount of dynamic amplification therefore complicating the governing equations. While the performance-based assessment and optimization of fixed-topology structures set in the aforementioned environment has been the focus of a number of studies, the possibility of performing topology optimization within this setting has yet to be fully investigated. This paper presents a performance-based topology optimization framework developed for wind-sensitive tall buildings that rigorously accounts for the time-variant stochastic nature of the aerodynamic loads while considering additional time-invariant uncertainties describing the state/knowledge of the system parameters defining the mechanical properties of the structure. The framework is based on decoupling the performance-based assessment from the topology optimization problem through the definition of a number of approximate sub-problems. The successive resolution of these results in a final design that is not only optimum but also satisfies the user-defined performance targets.