cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multiclass Cancer Classification Using Semisupervised Ellipsoid ARTMAP and Particle Swarm Optimization with Gene Expression Data

It is crucial for cancer diagnosis and treatment to accurately identify the site of origin of a tumor. With the emergence and rapid advancement of DNA microarray technologies, constructing gene expression profiles for different cancer types has already become a promising means for cancer classification. In addition to research on binary classification such as normal versus tumor samples, which attracts numerous efforts from a variety of disciplines, the discrimination of multiple tumor types is also important. Meanwhile, the selection of genes which are relevant to a certain cancer type not only improves the performance of the classifiers, but also provides molecular insights for treatment and drug development. Here, we use Semisupervised Ellipsoid ARTMAP (ssEAM) for multiclass cancer discrimination and particle swarm optimization for informative gene selection. ssEAM is a neural network architecture rooted in Adaptive Resonance Theory and suitable for classification tasks. ssEAM features fast, stable, and finite learning and creates hyperellipsoidal clusters, inducing complex nonlinear decision boundaries. PSO is an evolutionary algorithm-based technique for global optimization. A discrete binary version of PSO is employed to indicate whether genes are chosen or not. The effectiveness of ssEAM/PSO for multiclass cancer diagnosis is demonstrated by testing it on three publicly available multiple-class cancer data sets. ssEAM/PSO achieves competitive performance on all these data sets, with results comparable to or better than those obtained by other classifiers.
In vitro development of domestic cat embryos following intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection with testicular spermatozoa.

The objective was to assess the ability of testicular spermatozoa to fertilize in vitro matured domestic cat oocytes and support blastocyst formation in vitro following intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). After IVM, oocytes were randomly and equally allocated among treatment groups (ICSI with testicular spermatozoa, ICSI with ejaculated spermatozoa, sham ICSI, and control IVF). At 18 h after either injection or insemination, the percentage of fertilized oocytes (per total metaphase II oocytes) was approximately 65% after ICSI with testicular or ejaculated spermatozoa (P > 0.05), which was less (P 0.05), which also was less (P < 0.05) than control IVF (approximately 85%). After ICSI with testicular spermatozoa, the percentage of blastocysts (per total cleaved embryos) was approximately 11.0%, which was less (P < 0.05) than ICSI with ejaculated spermatozoa (approximately 21.0%); the latter was less (P < 0.05) than control IVF (approximately 43.0%). No blastocyst formation was observed after sham ICSI. For the first time in the domestic cat, this study demonstrated the fertilizing ability and developmental potential of intra-testicular spermatozoa delivered directly into intra-ovarian oocytes matured in vitro.
Oxygen stoichiometry, doping and the role of finite Cu-oxide features in high Tc superconductors

We consider the effect of the doping parameter x and the oxygen nonstoichiometry parameter y (in La2−xBaxCuO4+y and in YBa2Cu3O7−y) on the short range structure in high Tc cuprates and argue that both x and y tend to create finite Cu-O structures (FCuOS) e.g., chainlets, in these materials. This is shown to be consistent with the details of their structures, optical properties, Hall effect data etc. The electronic excitations between the confined states of these FCuOS provide a plausible pairing mechanism for superconductivity in the 2-D CuO planes present in these materials.
Behavioural neuroscience: A gene for impulsivity

Impulsivity has been linked to various psychiatric disorders and forms of violent behaviour. A gene mutated in a population of violent Finnish criminal offenders provides clues to the neural basis of this trait. See article p.1061 Impulsive behaviour — action taken without foresight — is a feature of several psychiatric disorders, some of which have been shown to be moderately heritable. In a search for a genetic signature for that heritability, exon sequencing focusing on 14 serotonin and dopamine-related genes in severely impulsive Finnish criminal offenders reveals linkage to a mutation in the stop codon HTR2B. The gene, which encodes the 5HT2B serotonin receptor, was not previously known to influence behaviour. The role of this serotonin receptor in impulsivity is further supported by the knockout mouse phenotype.
Induction of long-term facilitation in Aplysia sensory neurons by local application of serotonin to remote synapses

Long-term synaptic facilitation at the connections of Aplysia sensory neurons onto their target cells involves alterations in gene expression. How then are the relevant cellular signals for the induction and expression of long-term synaptic changes conveyed between the nucleus and remote synaptic terminals? We have explored this question using a set of remote, peripheral terminals of siphon sensory cells, which are approximately 3 cm from the sensory cell body in the abdominal ganglion. We found that these remote synapses, like the proximal synapses previously studied in dissociated cell culture, can exhibit long-term facilitation 24 hr after cell-wide serotonin application. Furthermore, serotonin applications restricted to the remote synaptic terminals nevertheless produced long-term facilitation, indicating that signals generated in synaptic regions can trigger the long-term process, perhaps via retrograde signals to the nucleus to modify gene expression, followed by anterograde signals back to the terminal. Serotonin applications restricted to the cell body and proximal synapses of the sensory neuron also produced long-term facilitation at remote synapses, although to a lesser extent, suggesting that long-term facilitation is expressed cell-wide, but that superimposed on this cell-wide facilitation there appears to be a component that is synapse-specific.
Sociability and the Market

This paper addresses two classroom activities for exploring sociability and the role it plays in market and non-market allocations. Adam Smith’s moral sentiments theory provides a conceptual framework for understanding such behavior. In the Desert Island activity students have conversations about competing allocation methods (e.g., rationing, lottery, competition, brute force) that provide a backdrop for learning about market mechanisms and behavioral economics. Beginning students consistently pick egalitarian distributions that signal the implicit willingness to share for reasons that might be instinctual, reputational or other. Fairness in allocations mimics that found in the playing of the Ultimatum Game. The results suggest that economic instructors can successfully bring into the classroom concepts of sociability and the roles it serves in human institutions when introducing a new and different institution—the market.
SU‐FF‐T‐73: Accounting for Tissue Heterogeneities in Head and Neck IMRT Plans Increases Planning Target Volume and Spinal Cord Doses

Purpose: Using TLD measurements in an anthropomorphic phantom, we previously demonstrated that the presence of heterogeneities causes an average 5.1% dose increase compared to the dose calculated by CORVUS' pencil‐beam algorithm without heterogeneity correction. In this treatment planning study, we investigated the dosimetric effects of heterogeneities on clinical head and neck IMRT plans. Method and Materials: Ten CORVUS plans for five nasopharynx (NP) and five base of tongue (BOT) tumors were recalculated using the convolution/superposition algorithm of Pinnacle3 6.2b. In contrast to the CORVUS algorithm used in our clinic which assumes a homogeneous water‐equivalent patient, the convolution/superposition algorithm accounts for the effects of heterogeneities by converting CT numbers to electron densities. Dose volume histograms were compared for the Pinnacle3 and CORVUS plans. To characterize tumor coverage, the D95 and V105 were calculated for the PTV. The maximum doses to the spinal cord were also compared. Results: The D95, V105, and spinal cord doses calculated by Pinnacle3 following heterogeneity correction were larger than CORVUS doses for all ten patients. The D95 increased by an average of 2.5% (2.9% for NP and 2.2% for BOT tumors). The V105 increased by an average of 57.5% (60.2% for NP and 54.8% for BOT tumors). Increases in V105 ranged from 28.5% to 71.9%. Spinal cord doses increased by an average of 4.5% (4.5% for NP and 4.6% for BOT tumors) with a range of 0.8% to 8.5%. Conclusion: PTV coverage was minimally changed but the dose inhomogeneity within the PTV increased. The increased PTV dose inhomogeneity was larger by 5.4% in the NP tumors compared to the BOT tumors. Spinal cord doses were systematically underestimated by CORVUS. Overall, the differences between NP and BOT treatment plans were minimal. This was probably due to the similarity of the initial PTV volumes for the two sites.
Does RDMA-based enhanced Hadoop MapReduce need a new performance model?

Recent studies [17, 12] show that leveraging benefits of high performance interconnects like InfiniBand, MapReduce performance in terms of job execution time can be greatly enhanced by using additional features like in-memory merge, pipelined merge and reduce, and prefetching and caching of map outputs. In this paper, we validate that it is time to have a new performance model for the RDMA-based design of MapReduce over high performance interconnects. Our initial results derived from the proposed analytical model matches the experimental results within a 3--5% range.
A comparison of changes in nucleotide–protein interactions in the striatal, hippocampus and paramedian cortex after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion: correlations to regional vulnerability

Abstract [ 32 P]Azido-purine analogs of ATP and GTP were used to detect changes in phosphorylation and nucleotide binding induced by ischemia and subsequent reperfusion in rat brain striatum, hippocampus and paramedian cortex (PM cortex) tissues. Major changes in phosphorylation were observed for a 130-kDa protein, tentatively identified as the Ca 2+ transport ATPase, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM Kinase II) in all tissues. However, recovery of the phosphorylation of the 130-kDa protein occurred only in the PM cortex on reperfusion. A 200–300% increase in [ 32 P]8N 3 ATP photoinsertions was observed in the striatum and hippocampus regions for a 43-kDa protein with an isoelectric point of 6.8. This protein was identified as glutamine synthetase (GS) and the increase in binding was found to be due to both increased copy number and activation by Mn 2+ . An increase in [ 32 P]8N 3 GTP photoinsertion into a 55-kDa protein, identified as the β -subunit of tubulin, was found only in the striatum and hippocampus. This indicates the depolymerization of microtubulin in these tissues. These changes correlate to the vulnerability of the striatum and hippocampus to ischemia-induced neuronal death.
A 6-bit 1.5GS/s pipelined binary search ADC with simplified clocking scheme

A new high speed, and low power ADC architecture and its circuit implementation is introduced in this paper. Proposed ADC takes the advantage of low power characteristic of SAR ADCs and combines it with high speed operation of pipeline ADCs to realize a high throughput energy efficient ADC. By unrolling the feedback loop of SAR ADC and delaying the analog signal the binary search algorithm is implemented in pipeline mode. The analog delay is implemented using time interleaved sampling scheme. Since no residue amplifier is required in the proposed ADC, significant high speed yet low power operation can be achieved simultaneously. A 6-bit, 1.5-GS/s ADC is designed based on this concept in a 65nm CMOS process. Simulations confirm that the proposed ADC achieves an SNDR of 35.63dB, ENOB of 5.63, and FoM of 78fJ/conv-step for a Nyquist rate input frequency while consuming 5.8mW from a single 1.2V power supply.
NEW INVESTIGATIONS OF THE PHASE DISTRIBUTION WITH VARIABLE COHERENCE

Abstract New measurement of the probability distribution of the optical phase difference between two light beams have been carried out for different degrees of mutal coherence, when the average number of detected photons is of unity. The measurement time was made much longer than the coherence time. Good agreement with our operational theory for the quantum phase is again obtained.
Production and characterization of antibodies against human tyrosinase.

Proteins mapping at different loci are involved in melanogenesis and share several characteristic structural features (b locus, c locus, and slaty locus products). We describe a method to produce specific antibodies against human tyrosinase, the product of the c locus. Mouse L cells transfected with a human tyrosinase cDNA were used to generate antibodies by immunization of syngeneic C3H mice. These antibodies were able to precipitate the tyrosinase glycoprotein from both melanocytic cells and transfectants expressing tyrosinase. In contrast, transfectants expressing the related but distinct b locus protein (gp75 or TRP -1) did not react with these antibodies. In most cases, tyrosinase enzymatic activity could be precipitated and recovered in immune complexes, but one antibody response blocked tyrosinase activity. Immunostaining with anti-tyrosinase antibodies revealed an intracellular granular pattern in tyrosinase transfectants and melanocytic cells, but not transfectants expressing the b locus protein. This approach provides a general method to produce specific antibodies against tyrosinase, other members of the tyrosinase family of proteins, and potentially any other differentiation antigen.
STUDIES ON ENDEMIC PNEUMONIA OF THE ALBINO RAT : I. THE TRANSMISSION OF A COMMUNICABLE DISEASE TO MICE FROM NATURALLY INFECTED RATS

A specific disease entity was established in white mice by the nasal instillation of lung and exudate suspensions from each of 14 adult albino rats affected with endemic pneumonia. The induced disease was characterized by pneumonia (96 per cent), otitis media (94 per cent), and rhinitis (30 per cent). It progressed slowly after an incubation period of 7 to 14 days and was attended by a variable mortality which reached 33 per cent in 22 weeks. Maintenance of the disease was regularly accomplished by direct transmission from mouse to mouse but only by the nasal route and only from the three foci of involvement. It was also transmissible by direct contact but required a prolonged period of exposure. The relation of the disease to infectious catarrh, which it closely resembles, is discussed.
Disgust Sensitivity and the Neurophysiology of Left-Right Political Orientations

Disgust has been described as the most primitive and central of emotions. Thus, it is not surprising that it shapes behaviors in a variety of organisms and in a variety of contexts—including homo sapien politics. People who believe they would be bothered by a range of hypothetical disgusting situations display an increased likelihood of displaying right-of-center rather than left-of-center political orientations. Given its primal nature and essential value in avoiding pathogens disgust likely has an effect even without registering in conscious beliefs. In this article, we demonstrate that individuals with marked involuntary physiological responses to disgusting images, such as of a man eating a large mouthful of writhing worms, are more likely to self-identify as conservative and, especially, to oppose gay marriage than are individuals with more muted physiological responses to the same images. This relationship holds even when controlling for the degree to which respondents believe themselves to be disgust sensitive and suggests that people’s physiological predispositions help to shape their political orientations.
NudE and NudEL are required for mitotic progression and are involved in dynein recruitment to kinetochores

NudE and NudEL are related proteins that interact with cytoplasmic dynein and LIS1. Their functional relationship and involvement in LIS1 and dynein regulation are not completely understood. We find that NudE and NudEL each localize to mitotic kinetochores before dynein, dynactin, ZW10, and LIS1 and exhibit additional temporal and spatial differences in distribution from the motor protein. Inhibition of NudE and NudEL caused metaphase arrest with misoriented chromosomes and defective microtubule attachment. Dynein and dynactin were both displaced from kinetochores by the injection of an anti-NudE/NudEL antibody. Dynein but not dynactin interacted with NudE surprisingly through the dynein intermediate and light chains but not the motor domain. Together, these results identify a common function for NudE and NudEL in mitotic progression and identify an alternative mechanism for dynein recruitment to and regulation at kinetochores.
Use of expert system in manufacturing

Expectations of expert systems, cost, definitions, application development strategy, manager training, developer training, and teaching expert system development methodology are discussed, and expert systems in use are described. The focus is on expert system applications developed within Intel. A survey of the past several years experience in developing these systems reveals that success or failure has not, in general, been the result of the expert system software limitations, but of human communication systems and of problem selection and development methodology. How these issues were resolved in the Intel environment is discussed. >
An improved dynamic method to measure kLa in bioreactors

An accurate measurement or estimation of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient kLa is crucial for the design, operation, and scale up of bioreactors. Among different physical and chemical methods, the classical dynamic method is the most widely applied method to simultaneously estimate both kLa and cell's oxygen utilization rate. Despite several important follow-up articles to improve the original dynamic method, some limitations exist that make the classical dynamic method less effective under certain conditions. For example, for the case of high cell density with moderate agitation, the dissolved oxygen concentration barely increases during the re-gassing step of the classical dynamic method, which makes kLa estimation impossible. To address these limitations, in this work we present an improved dynamic method that consists of both an improved model and an improved procedure. The improved model takes into account the mass transfer between the headspace and the broth; in addition, nitrogen is bubbled through the broth when air is shut off. The improved method not only enables a faster and more accurate estimation of kLa, but also allows the measurement of kLa for high cell density with medium/low agitation that is impossible with the classical dynamic method. Scheffersomyces stipitis was used as the model system to demonstrate the effectiveness of the improved method; in addition, experiments were conducted to examine the effect of cell density and agitation speed on kLa. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2120–2125. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Designer materials for a secure future

Materials for armor applications are increasingly being required to be strong and light-weight as a consequence of increasing threat levels. We focus on materials response subjected to impact loads, understanding deformation and failure mechanisms, and developing validated mechanism-based models capable of predicting materials response under high rate loading conditions. As a specific example, we will examine the dynamic behavior of nanocrystalline aluminum using atomistic simulations. The dynamic behavior of this material is discussed in terms of competing deformation mechanisms--slip and twinning. Insights from high strain rate atomistic simulations were used in developing a fundamental mechanism-based analytical model to assist in the microstructural design of advanced materials to tailor their macroscopic properties.
Improving filtering and prediction of spatially extended turbulent systems with model errors through stochastic parameter estimation

The filtering and predictive skill for turbulent signals is often limited by the lack of information about the true dynamics of the system and by our inability to resolve the assumed dynamics with sufficiently high resolution using the current computing power. The standard approach is to use a simple yet rich family of constant parameters to account for model errors through parameterization. This approach can have significant skill by fitting the parameters to some statistical feature of the true signal; however in the context of real-time prediction, such a strategy performs poorly when intermittent transitions to instability occur. Alternatively, we need a set of dynamic parameters. One strategy for estimating parameters on the fly is a stochastic parameter estimation through partial observations of the true signal. In this paper, we extend our newly developed stochastic parameter estimation strategy, the Stochastic Parameterization Extended Kalman Filter (SPEKF), to filtering sparsely observed spatially extended turbulent systems which exhibit abrupt stability transition from time to time despite a stable average behavior. For our primary numerical example, we consider a turbulent system of externally forced barotropic Rossby waves with instability introduced through intermittent negative damping. We find high filtering skill of SPEKF applied to this toy model even in the case of very sparse observations (with only 15 out of the 105 grid points observed) and with unspecified external forcing and damping. Additive and multiplicative bias corrections are used to learn the unknown features of the true dynamics from observations. We also present a comprehensive study of predictive skill in the one-mode context including the robustness toward variation of stochastic parameters, imperfect initial conditions and finite ensemble effect. Furthermore, the proposed stochastic parameter estimation scheme applied to the same spatially extended Rossby wave system demonstrates high predictive skill, comparable with the skill of the perfect model for a duration of many eddy turnover times especially in the unstable regime.
Java-Based Regulation Broker

Many engineering activities, such as building design and construction, site redevelopment, and industrial operations, are governed by environmental regulations that are constantly being revised and published. Many state environmental protection agencies are now starting to use Web sites to provide access to their regulations. From the result of a preliminary investigation, many current state regulatory agency Web sites provide no support, other than browsing, for finding relevant regulations. A Java-based environmental regulation broker has been designed to help users in locating relevant environmental regulations. Eventually, such broker software can be provided by regulatory agencies as a standardized support to access their regulations over the Internet.
Relationships between glucose levels and insulin secretion during a glucose challenge test

The relationship between glucose and insulin levels was examined in a prospective study of 153 pregnant patients without diabetes who underwent a standard 50 gm glucose challenge test. One hundred eighteen women had normal screening results (glucose level less than 140 mg/dl) and 35 had abnormal screening values but a normal oral glucose tolerance test. Abnormal responders had greater insulin levels (149 vs 82 pmol/L, p less than 0.0001), and a higher insulin/glucose index (0.96 vs. 0.72, p less than 0.007). Patients with glucose levels less than 100 mg/dl had significantly lower insulin/glucose indices. Overall, obese patients had significantly greater glucose and insulin measurements than did nonobese women, but there was no difference within normal and abnormal groups. Glucose levels accounted for 52% of the insulin output and 29% of the insulin/glucose index variance. Neither age, parity, nor obesity contributed significantly to insulin levels in the multiple regression model. Therefore the accepted threshold for glucose screening reflects abnormal insulin output and this aberration may be indicative of the primary defect in gestational diabetes.
Cache Analyses Techniques — An Analytical Cache Model

Once accurate traces have been obtained, their efficient analyses is an important issue. Brute-force simulations to derive cache performance figures are time consuming and may not yield much insight into cache behavior. Three methods are presented in the following chapters for efficient and insightful analyses of caches.
Effect of lignin type on extent and rate of neutral detergent fibre digestion and potential energy yield

The objective of this work was to study the effects of both Klason lignin (KL) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) on in vitro neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestion (IVNDFd) i n an effort to assess if acid labile phenolic compounds affect the rate of degradation ( k d). Eighty five forages (lucerne, maize silages and grasses) were analyzed for NDF, ADL, KL and IVNDFd (6, 12, 24, 30, 36, 48, and 96 h fermentations were used for k d estimations). Correlations were estimated among li gnin types (KL vs . ADL), lignin and extent of IVNDFd, and lignin type and NDF kd and tested for significance. Within and among all forage types, the correlation between ADL and KL was in general positive when on NDF basis and high and positive when on DM basis (0.77 to 0.90). Within and among all forages, only ADL was consistently negatively correlated with IVNDFd at all time points (-0.54 to -0.94). Co rrelations among forages for NDF kd and lignin type were not consistent. Among all forages, KL was negativel y correlated with IVNDFd and NDF kd. The correlation between IVNDFd and ADL increased as fermentation length increased among all forages. However, the correlation of KL and IVNDFd was greatest up to 48 h of fermentation suggesting that the soluble pheno lics affected both the rate and extent of IVNDFd. Unlike ADL, KL disappeared during IVNDFd, and in most forages there was a high negative correlation assoc iated with the difference between KL and ADL ( �L) and IVNDFd, except for brown midrib hybrids maize and early cut grasses that had a different behaviour. Am ong
Flexible Nano-felts of Carbide-Derived Carbon with Ultra-high Power Handling Capability

Nano-fibrous felts (nano-felts) of carbide-derived carbon (CDC) have been developed from the precursor of electrospun titanium carbide (TiC) nano-felts. Conformal transformation of TiC into CDC conserves main features of the precursor including the high interconnectivity and structural integrity; the developed TiC-CDC nano-felts are mechanically flexible/resilient, and can be used as electrode material for supercapacitor application without the addition of any binder. After synthesis through chlorination of the precursor at 600 °C, the TiC-CDC nano-fibers show an average pore size of ∼1nm, a high specific surface area of 1390 m2/g; and the nano-fibers have graphitic carbon ribbons embedded in a highly disordered carbon matrix. Graphitic carbon is preserved from the precursor nano-fibers where a few graphene layers surround TiC nanocrystallites. Electrochemical measurements show a high gravimetric capacitance of 110 F/g in aqueous electrolyte (1 M H2SO4) and 65 F/g in organic electrolyte (1.5 M TEA-BF4 in acetonitrile). Because of the unique microstructure of TiC-CDC nano-felts, a fade of the capacitance of merely 50% at a high scan rate of 5 V/s is observed. A fade of just 15% is observed for nano-felt film electrodes tested in 1 M H2 SO4 at 1 V/s, resulting in a high gravimetric capacitance of 94 F/g. Such a high rate performance is only known for graphene or carbon-onion based supercapacitors, whereas binders have to be used for the fabrication of those supercapacitors.
Cooling of the slow space-charge wave with application to the traveling-wave tube

Coupled-mode theory has been used to demonstrate that the inclusion of higher order mixing products does not seriously affect the performance of the space-charge-wave noise exchanger recently proposed by Sturrock[3]. Estimates of the effects of the pump modulation (necessarily induced on the electron stream in the exchanger) on the gain and noise performance of a traveling-wave amplifier are obtained. Noise temperatures on the order of 100 °K are indicated if the cathode temperature is assumed to be 1000 °K.
Neural perspectives on the other-race effect

Psychological studies have long shown that human memory is superior for faces of our own-race than for faces of other-races. In this paper, we review neural studies of own- versus other-race face processing. These studies divide naturally into those focused on socioaffective aspects of the other-race effect and those directed at high-level visual processing differences. The socioaffective studies consider how subconscious bias and emotional responses affect brain areas such as the amygdala, anterior cingulate cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus. The visual studies focus on face-selective areas in the ventral stream, such as the fusiform face area (FFA). In both cases, factors such as experience, familiarity, social/emotional responses, cultural learning, and bias modulate the patterns of neural activity elicited in response to own- and other-race faces.
Localization of muscle gene products in nuclear domains: does this constitute a problem for myoblast therapy?

A question of major interest in considering myoblast therapy is whether the gene product dystrophin, provided by the introduced myoblasts, can contribute to the function of the myofiber into which the cells fuse. As shown in several papers in this volume, there is now ample evidence that injected myoblasts can fuse with myofibers and produce dystrophin, but the question of whether that dystrophin can restore muscle function still remains. In this regard, a major consideration is whether dystrophin can gain access to distant sites within the myofiber or remains localized in the vicinity of the nucleus that encoded it.
Unveiling the Code of Life

There is no shortage of written contributions on various aspects of the history of genetics and molecular biology—The Eighth Day of Creation: The Makers of the Revolution in Biology stands out as a premier example, memorably focusing on reaching the intelligent lay reader. Matthew Cobb’s contribution is unquestionably written for scientists. But it too deserves adulation as a masterwork.
Links Between Workplace Spirituality, Job-Related Attitudes, and Value Fit in a Non-Profit Agency.

We examined perceptions of spirituality and meaning among 192 employees (77% female) from a non-profit organization in a mid-sized Midwestern city in the United States. We hypothesized that employees’ values related to workplace spirituality would be positively related to various measures of job satisfaction and general meaning in life. We also examined employees’ perceptions of the fit of their co-workers’ values with the agency mission and predicted that these perceptions would act as a moderator of the relationship between employees’ workplace spirituality and job satisfaction. Our hypotheses were generally supported. Spirituality predicted work contributing to the meaning of life and various facets of job satisfaction. Implications of the importance of employees’ perceptions of organizational fit related to spirituality and the perceived fit of co-workers’ values with the organizational mission are discussed.
Complications of subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil following glaucoma filtering surgery

The antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been used to inhibit fibroblastic growth to increase the success rate in glaucoma filtration surgery. Subconjunctival 5-FU can have adverse side effects. This paper describes two cases in detail of the ocular side effects of 5-FU. The first case is representative of the ocular surface problems. The second case deals with bleb leaks. Relative contraindications to 5-FU treatment are pre-existing ocular surface problems, early postoperative bleb leaks and fornix-based conjunctival flaps in filtering procedures. New drug delivery methods are presently being investigated to help decrease the adverse side effects and increase the efficacy of 5-FU.
Attitudes Towards a Candidate’s Race: The Case of Latinos in Dallas

This paper evaluates a Latino voter’s attitudes towards a candidate’s race and gender. This research uses data gathered in the Dallas County during the historical 2008 presidential election. The data used was obtained from 767 exit polls at precincts located in the 103 and 104 districts in Texas. The data captured the public opinion of the ever-growing Latino city and a county that are under a major demographic transition. The survey unfolds a combination of socio-economic, demographic and cultural variables that are predicted by theory to be significant influencers of a voter’s attitudes towards a political candidate’s traits. I evaluate how well the socio-economic, demographic and cultural predictors explain a Latino’s attitudes towards an African American, a Latino and a woman candidate. This paper is also one of the few existing works that looks at Latinos attitudes towards an African American candidate. The findings from the 2008 presidential election may allow us to explore Latino attitudes towards an African American since this election had the first African American nominee for the presidency in the history of the United States.
Workflow-Supported Invoice Management: The Case of a System Implementation at a German Media Company

This case concerns the implementation of a workflow-management application at a large, publicly listed, German media company. The system collects information-rich business-process documents, stores them in an organizational memory system, distributes organizational knowledge, and ultimately informates staff and management in various business situations. The implementation was based on a combination of workflow management software from the SAP corporation and archiving software from the IXOS Software corporation. The management was able to document and report organizational performance gains in terms of both process efficiency and knowledge effectiveness. The implemented system has reduced the amount of paper and shelf space needed, sped up the manual archiving procedure, and increased the efficiency in the accounting department. The overall gains in organizational efficiency are estimated to be approximately 50%. The new system also improves organizational effectiveness through better information-distribution and knowledge-access by staff and organizational decision-makers. This case serves as a practical example that demonstrates how an organization can create business value through process automation, resulting in more efficient operations and improved performance.
Using a Post-Intubation Checklist and Time Out to Expedite Mechanical Ventilation Monitoring: Observational Study of a Quality Improvement Intervention

BACKGROUND: Delayed mechanical ventilation monitoring may impede recognition of life-threatening acidemia. Coordination of multidisciplinary processes can be improved by using a checklist and time-out procedure. The study objective was to evaluate process-related outcomes after implementation of a post-intubation checklist and time out. METHODS: An observational study of a 24-bed medical ICU in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was conducted from January to December 2011. A random sample of mechanically ventilated adults was selected from the pre-intervention ( n = 80) and post-intervention ( n = 144) periods. The primary outcome was the proportion of subjects with an arterial blood gas (ABG) result within 60 min of mechanical ventilation initiation. Secondary outcomes included rates of respiratory acidosis, moderate-severe acidemia (pH <7.25), checklist initiation, and project sustainability. Chi-square analysis was used to evaluate differences in outcomes between time periods. RESULTS: After the intervention, the proportion of subjects with an ABG result within 60 min increased (56% vs 37%, P = .01), and time to ABG result improved (58 min vs 79 min, P = .004). Adjusting for illness severity, the proportion with an ABG result within 60 min remained significantly higher in the post-intervention period (odds ratio 2.42, 95% CI 1.25–4.68, P = .009). Checklist adherence was higher with ICU intubations than for intubations performed outside the ICU (71% vs 27% checklist initiation rate, P < .001). Transfer from referring institutions (23% checklist initiation rate, P = .006) negatively impacted checklist use. Implementation challenges included frequent stakeholder turnover, undefined process ownership, and lack of real-time performance feedback. CONCLUSIONS: A post-intubation checklist and time out improved the timeliness of mechanical ventilation monitoring through more rapid assessment of arterial blood gases. Implementing this peri-intubation procedure may reduce the risks associated with transitioning to full mechanical ventilatory support. Optimal implementation necessitates strategies to surmount organizational and behavioral barriers to change.
Domains of concern of intimate partners of sudden cardiac arrest survivors after ICD implantation.

Purpose There is limited research that describes the experiences of intimate partners of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) survivors. The purposes of this article are to (1) describe the domains of concern of intimate partners of SCA survivors during the first year after internal cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation and (2) outline strategies used by partners of SCA survivors in dealing with the concerns and demands of recovery in the first year after ICD implantation. Methods This is a secondary analysis of interview data collected for the primary study "Family Experiences Following Sudden Cardiac Arrest." A grounded theory method was used to identify experiences of SCA survivors and their family members from hospitalization through the first year after ICD implantation. Data were collected from the SCA survivor and one intimate partner at 5 times: hospital discharge, and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postdischarge. Results Eight Domains of Concern were identified for intimate partners following SCA and ICD implantation during the first year. These included (1) Care of the survivor, (2) My (partner) self-care, (3) Relationship, (4) ICD, (5) Money, (6) Uncertain future, (7) Health care providers, and (8) Family. Five categories of strategies to deal with the Domains of Concerns were identified (1) Care of the survivor, (2) My (partner) self-care, (3) Relationship, (4) Uncertain future, and (5) Controlling the environment. Implications Nursing intervention programs should include the intimate partner of SCA survivors and contain education and support in the following areas: (1) information on the function of the ICD, (2) normal progression of physical and emotional recovery experiences, (3) safety and maintenance of the ICD, (4) activities of daily living after an ICD, (5) strategies to assist with the survivors care, and (6) strategies to assist with partner self care.
FOUR. From Sovereignty to the State: The Tragicomic Clemency of Massinger’s The Bondman

The enthusiastic series of receptions of Philip Massinger’s 1623 play The Bondman by royalists and republicans alike has puzzled critics. This essay argues that the play appealed to disparate constituencies by displacing focus from the sources of sovereignty onto the stability of the state. Drawing on Stoic philosopher Seneca’s De Clementia, which Thomas Lodge had newly translated in 1614, The Bondman centers both generically and politically on clemency. Clemency infuses the play’s mode of tragicomedy and presents a vision of politics that prioritizes the general welfare of the state over any particular form of rule.
300 DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR UPON NEUTROPHIL ACTIVATION AS EVALUATED BY FLOW CYTOMETRIC AND MORPHOLOGICAL ASSAYS.

Rationale Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a human cytokine that plays a major role in the activation and survival of neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. It increases the activation and survival rates of these cells by inhibiting apoptosis and increasing adhesion. Specifically in neutrophils, GM-CSF is known to enhance cell chemotaxis, expression of membrane antigens, and degranulation of lytic enzymes. GM-CSF, when applied topically, has been shown to improve wound healing, particularly in patients with inherit defects in neutrophil function. Methodology In order to quantify the effects of GM-CSF on neutrophil activation, we monitored their morphology and utilized flow cytometric analysis at various concentrations of the drug. We first isolated white blood cells from whole blood by centrifuging through a 75% percoll gradient. After the target cells were separated, uniform cultures diluted to 1.0 × 106 cells/mL were prepared. These cultures were then subjected to various concentrations of GM-CSF and incubated over various increments of time (1 hour, 2 hours, 24 hours). After the allotted time, further activation was prevented with gluteradehyde. Activation through morphology was then determined by sampling the number of cells with morphological elongation and the presence of pseudopods at the various concentrations of GM-CSF. Flow cytometry was performed to monitor neutrophil activation through CD69 and CD16 expression. Results Preliminary results indicate that GM-CSF will induce morphological changes in neutrophils that may be monitored by this assay. Conclusions We hope to eventually correlate these in vitro changes with the effects of topical GM-CSF in wound healing.
Let's share CommRad: Effect of radar interference on an uncoded data communication system

Spectrum sharing between radar and communications systems is currently under investigation because of the high demand for new wireless services and shortage of available bandwidth. To effectively design their coexistence, it is crucial to understand how current unaltered radar and communication systems would affect one another. This paper investigates the effect of radar interference on an uncoded data communication system where the optimal Maximum-A-Posteriori decoder is used and where the bandwidth of the radar system is much larger than the one of the communication system. Conclusions depend on how the radar interference power, measured by the Interference-to-Noise ratio (INR), compares with the intended signal power, measured by the Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR). For the case of real-valued modulation schemes, three regimes emerge: (a) Treat interference as Gaussian noise: when INR >SNR the optimal receiver estimates the radar interference and subtracts it from the received signal; in the process of canceling interference, part of the useful signal is also cancelled, which reduces the effective SNR at the receiver. The probability of error exhibits an irreducible error floor, which can be exactly characterized and behaves like a narrow-band fading channel with multiplicative fading that is perfectly known at the receiver. (c) When INR≈SNR, the probability of error attains its maximum value, thus indicating that there is a worst operating INR for any given SNR.
Characterization, growth, and differentiation of a human myeloid leukemia cell line, TI-1 cell

A cell line (TI-1) has been established from the peripheral blood of a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (M2). A typical TI-1 cell displayed many abnormalities of its chromosomes, but not the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome. Light and electron microscopic examination and histochemical analysis indicated that the TI-1 cells were undifferentiated blast cells, but immunologic marker studies suggested that these cells had myeloid characteristics. The proliferation of TI-1 cells was dependent on the concentration of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Their doubling time was 13.8 hours when they were cultured in a medium containing 10% FBS. Phorbol-12 myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced the TI-1 cells to differentiate into monocyte-like cells, as judged by their morphologic similarity to monocytes, their adhesion to the culture dish, and their increase of both nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-reducing ability and nonspecific esterase (NSE)-activity. PMA significantly inhibited the proliferation and DNA synthesis of TI-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The PMA-induced differentiation was significantly inhibited by the protein kinase C inhibitors (H-7, staurosporine). Hemin induced the TI-1 cells to differentiate into erythroid cells. The number of hemoglobin-producing cells and hemoglobin production was increased by hemin treatment. Hemin also inhibited the proliferation of the TI-1 cells. Thus, the TI-1 cell represents a bipotent, granulo-monocytoid, and erythroid cell line. The TI-1 cell line will be a useful model for monocytoid and erythroid differentiation.
Personal Journal Keeping and Linguistic Complexity Predict Late-Life Dementia Risk: The Cache County Journal Pilot Study

Objectives We determined the feasibility of accessing personal journals and correlating markers of linguistic complexity with all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Method A stratified random sample of 215 older adults reported on lifetime journal writing habits. From 66 of these participants (49% of those with journals), digital photographs of journal text were transcribed then subjected to the Linguistic Inquiry Word Count program to measure linguistic complexity markers: Words per Sentence, Percentage of 6+ Letter Words, Cognitive Mechanics, Percentage of Unique Words, and Percentage of Words that are Numerals. AD diagnosis was made via in-depth clinical protocol. Results In the larger sample, ever being a journal writer significantly predicted a 53% reduction in all-cause dementia risk. In the subsample with transcribed writings, Percentage of 6+ Letter Words predicted AD and all-cause dementia risk, with all logistic regression models controlling for age, education, gender, and Latter-Day Saints affiliation. Discussion These data suggest the potential viability of adulthood language use as a predictive tool for late-life AD risk, both in the linguistic features and the practice of journal writing itself.
American Justice at a Crossroads

This Article provides a transcript of Professor Stipanowich’s remarks during the Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal’s symposium, American Justice at a Crossroads. In these remarks, Professor Stipanowich discusses issues raised in the Final Report of the American College of Trial Lawyers and the Institute for the Advancement of the American Legal System, including those related to discovery and court rules. He also comments on the new Protocols for Expeditious, Cost-Effective Commercial Arbitration: Key Action Steps for Business Users, Counsel, Arbitrators, and Arbitration Provider Institutions. Finally, he expresses his hope that the symposium serves as a landmark occasion for those interested in developing more effective and appropriate approaches to resolving conflict.
Why Is Vowel Clustering More Effective Than Whole Language or Old Style Phonics for Teaching Reading

Camp Sharigan teaches vowel clustering, a method that helps children break words down into letter sounds (phonemes) and then put those sounds back together as words. There is no memorization of sight word lists and there are no phonics rules to learn. Children study letter sounds and combinations of sounds so they can sound out words and improve their reading skills. Camp Sharigan emphasizes phonemic and phonological awareness and using the lowercase alphabet. Research shows that children struggling in reading often cannot identify lowercase alphabet letters. Camp Sharigan teaches fluency by having children practice oral reading, especially with puppets in a puppet play. The group-centered prevention approach provides the learning environment; the workstation style, hands-on curriculum provides the instructional component for teaching first through third grade-level reading instruction. A hands-on project at each workstation helps children make decisions, solve problems, and rebuild self-efficacy (the child’s belief that they can learn to read).