cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The interaction of sulphur atoms with ethylene

A correlation diagram shows that 1D sulphur atoms may add to ethylene in a least-motion symmetry-allowed process. The computed potential surface for the interaction of a sulphur atom with an ethylene molecule reveals another local minimum in addition to the one leading to thiirane. This second minimum leads to the insertion product, vinyl thiol. We examine the potential surface in some detail to decide if both reactions branch from the same transition state or whether they are competing concerted processes. The latter view is favoured. Similar potential surfaces are calculated for a S(3P) configuration. A minimum leading to addition is found, but the one leading to insertion is lacking. The stereospecific addition of S(3P) is attributed to a correlation with an excited state of thiirane which retains CC bonding. A ring-opened thiirane intermediate is computed, with a planar geometry and a CSC angle of 114°. It closes by a conrotatory route with a calculated activation energy of 24 kcal/mole. We find no gr...
Recognizing point configurations in full perspective

In this paper we examine two fundamental problems related to object recognition for point features under full perspective projection. The first problem involves the geometric constraints (object-image equations) that must hold between a set of object feature points (object configuration) and any image of those points under a full perspective projection, which is just a pinhole camera model for image formation. These constraints are formulated in an invariant way, so that object pose, image orientation, or the choice of coordinates used to express the feature point locations either on the object or in the image are irrelevant. These constraints turn out to be expressions in the shape coordinates calculated from the feature point coordinates. The second problem concerns the notion of shape and a description of the resulting shape spaces. These spaces aquire certain natural metrics, but the metrics are often hard to compute. We will discuss certain cases where the computations are managable, but will leave the general case to a future paper. Taken all together, the results in this paper provide a way to understand the relationship that exists between 3D geometry and its "residual" in a 2D image. This relationship is completely characterized (for a particular combination of features) by the above set of fundamental equations in the 3D and 2D shape coordinates. The equations can be used to test for the geometric consistency between an object and an image. For example, by fixing point features on a known object, we get constraints on the 2D shape coordinates of possible images of those features. Conversely, if we have specific 2D features in an image, we will get constraints on the 3D shape coordinates of objects with feature points capable of producing that image. This yields a test for which object is being viewed. The object-image equations are thus a fundamental tool for attacking identification/recognition problems in computer vision and automatic target recognition applications.
Magnetism in FeAl, CoAl, CoGa and NiAl

Isothermal magnetization vs field data from 1.6 to 300°K for Ni0.48Al0.52, Ni0.50Al0.50, Co0.48Al0.52 and Co0.50Al0.50 can be described in terms of contributions from magnetic clusters, from “antistructure” transition metal atoms on Al sites, and from a field- and temperature-independent susceptibility. The moment of antistructure Ni is 0.3μB in both nickel alloys. In both cobalt aluminides as well as in Co0.47Ga0.53, the antistructure Co moment is 1μB. The moment of antistructure Fe in Fe0.49Al0.51 is 2.2μB.
Reconstructive derivational analogy: A machine learning approach to automating redesign

This paper describes current research toward automating the redesign process. In redesign, a working design is altered to meet new problem specifications. This process is complicated by interactions between different parts of the design, and many researchers have addressed these issues. An overview is given of a large design tool under development, the Circuit Designer's Apprentice. This tool integrates various techniques for reengineering existing circuits so that they meet new circuit requirements. The primary focus of the paper is one particular technique being used to reengineer circuits when they cannot be transformed to meet the new problem requirements. In these cases, a design plan is automatically generated for the circuit, and then replayed to solve all or part of the new problem. This technique is based upon the derivational analogy approach to design reuse. Derivational Analogy is a machine learning algorithm in which a design plan is saved at the time of design so that it can be replayed on a new design problem. Because design plans were not saved for the circuits available to the Circuit Designer's Apprentice, an algorithm was developed that automatically reconstructs a design plan for any circuit. This algorithm, Reconstructive Derivational Analogy, is described in detail, including a quantitative analysis of the implementation of this algorithm.
Body Mass Index and the Efficacy of Acid-Mediating Agents for GERD

In studies of the association between obesity and gastroesophageal reflux, one subject that has received very little attention is the effect excess body mass may have on the effectiveness of acid-mediating agents. The lack of systematic research may reflect the perceived high clinical efficacy of drugs like proton pump inhibitors. Both proton pump inhibitors and histamine type 2 receptor antagonists have low rates of significant adverse events; if there are differences in the side effect profiles based on BMI, it is unlikely such associations would be detected. Also, while the metabolism of many drugs can be affected by body mass, it is not clear that such a relationship exists with acid-mediating agents. Nevertheless, there is evidence that body mass index may indeed be associated with the efficacy of proton pump inhibitors and histamine type 2 receptor antagonists. This review will examine that evidence and consider some of the possible pharmacokinetic effects that might relate to body mass index.
GASTRIC MOTILITY AND GI BLOOD FLOW: EFFECTS OF HYPOXEMIA IN THE NEWBORN PIGLET

We studied the effects of hypoxemia on gastric motility & GI blood flow in nine 2-4 day old piglets by determining gastric emptying (phenol red dye dilution), GI blood flow (QGI, radio-labelled microspheres), O2 delivery (DO2 GI), O2 extraction (O2 ExGI), & O2 consumption (VO2GI). Animals were mechanically ventilated (NO2 anesthesia), & studied during control (PaO2 91±8 torr), 35 minutes of hypoxemia (29±1 torr), and recovery periods (90±5 torr) (mean±SEM). Following a D10 W test meal (22ml/kg), gastric residual volumes were determined at 10-min. intervals over 30-min. study periods. The hypoxemic emptying pattern showed significantly greater gastric residuals (p<0.05) at 20 min. compared to 10 min.; however, residual volumes were not significantly different among groups at 10,20, & 30 min. Thirty minutes following the test meal, the QGI and O2 transport showed: DO2GI fell because of decreased QGI & hypoxemia. The increased O2 ExGI did not compensate for the decreased DO2GI; therefore, VO2GI fell. We speculate that the significantly altered gastric emptying pattern and decreased QGI and VO2GI produced by hypoxemia may account for feeding intolerances seen in hypoxemic newborns.
Inter-rater reliability of cyclic and non-cyclic task assessment using the hand activity level in appliance manufacturing.

Abstract This study evaluated the inter-rater reliability of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH®) hand activity level (HAL), an observational ergonomic assessment method used to estimate physical exposure to repetitive exertions during task performance. Video recordings of 858 cyclic and non-cyclic appliance manufacturing tasks were assessed by sixteen pairs of raters using the HAL visual-analog scale. A weighted Pearson Product Moment-Correlation Coefficient was used to evaluate the agreement between the HAL scores recorded by each rater pair, and the mean weighted correlation coefficients for cyclic and non-cyclic tasks were calculated. Results indicated that the HAL is a reliable exposure assessment method for cyclic ( r ¯ -barw = 0.69) and non-cyclic work tasks ( r ¯ -barw = 0.68). When the two reliability scores were compared using a two-sample Student's t-test, no significant difference in reliability (p = 0.63) between these work task categories was found. This study demonstrated that the HAL may be a useful measure of exposure to repetitive exertions during cyclic and non-cyclic tasks. Relevance to industry Exposure to hazardous levels of repetitive action during non-cyclic task completion has traditionally been difficult to assess using simple observational techniques. The present study suggests that ergonomists could use the HAL to reliably and easily evaluate exposures associated with some non-cyclic work tasks.
The death of Jesus, christian salvation, and easter-week atrocities against Jews: A suicidological approach

A question ignored by suicidologists is the degree to which major Christian theologians have stressed that Jesus gave up his life voluntarily as an act of salvation for mankind and that it was not ...
Bargaining Effects of the Mandatory-Permissive Distinction

This study uses a laboratory experiment to examine empirically the effect of the mandatory permissive distinction on the negotiation of wages, employment guarantees, and advertising expenditures. Results suggest that negotiators spend more time bargaining over a smaller settlement range when an issue is mandatory than when it is permissive. Further, tentative findings provide no evidence that negotiators can circumvent the distinction through the use of tradeoffs across issues or bargaining power.
Intensity-modulated radiation therapy: a novel approach to the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

Abstract Purpose: Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) causes symptoms and death mainly due to local progression, even after combined modality treatment. Poor local control after conventional radiotherapy may be due to the low dose of radiation that has been administered or to restriction of the target volume to avoid critical organs. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has the potential to overcome these geometric/dosimetric constraints. Methods and Materials: Seven patients with MPM who had an extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) were treated with adjuvant IMRT. The clinical target volume (CTV) included the surgically violated area inside the chest wall with particular attention to the insertion of the diaphragm, pleural reflections, and the deep margin of the thoracotomy incision. Treatment was delivered by intensity-modulated 6-MV photon beams using dynamic multileaf collimation. Results: The CTV ranged from 2667 to 7286 mL. The average CTV covered to 50 Gy was 94% (range, 92% to 98%). Respiratory motion was minimal. The average volume of the boost areas covered by 60 Gy was 92% (range, 82% to 99%). Dose-volume constraints for normal tissue were met in almost all cases. Acute toxicity was mild to moderate. The most severe side effects were anorexia, nausea or vomiting, and dyspnea. Esophagitis was absent or mild. After a minimum of 13 months follow-up care there were no cases of disease recurrence within the ipsilateral hemithorax. Conclusion: Treatment of the extensive operative area after an EPP is feasible using IMRT. Input from the radiologist and from the surgeon in the planning process facilitates definition of the high dose volumes. In light of patients’ tolerance to post-EPP IMRT, it may be feasible to incorporate systemic therapy, including novel biologic therapies into the treatment regimen.
Leukocyte recruitment in inflammation: basic concepts and new mechanistic insights based on new models and microscopic imaging technologies

The immune cell system is a critical component of host defense. Recruitment of immune cells to sites of infection, immune reaction, or injury is complex and involves coordinated adhesive interactions between the leukocyte and the endothelial cell monolayer that lines blood vessels. This article reviews basic mechanisms in the recruitment of leukocytes to tissues and then selectively reviews new concepts that are emerging based on advances in live cell imaging microscopy and mouse strains. These emerging concepts are altering the conventional paradigms of inflammatory leukocyte recruitment established in the early 1990s. Indeed, recent publications have identified previously unrecognized contributions from pericytes and interstitial leukocytes and their secreted products that guide leukocytes to their targets. Investigators have also begun to design organs on a chip. Recent reports indicate that this avenue of research holds much promise.
Visualization of the Optic Fissure in Short-Wavelength Autofluorescence Images of the Fundus

Purpose To document and explain the presence, inferior to the optic disc, of a distinct vertical boundary between two retinal areas of different short-wavelength autofluorescence (SW-AF) intensities. Methods SW-AF images of the inferonasal region were acquired from 32 healthy subjects. Additionally, color, 488-nm reflectance (488-R), near-infrared reflectance (NIR-R), NIR autofluorescence (NIR-AF) images, and a spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) image were obtained in selected subjects. Gray levels (GL) on both sides of the demarcation line were measured in SW-AF and 488-R at fixed distances from the disc center. Results A curved demarcation line inferior to the optic disc was observed on SW-AF images in 31/32 subjects. AF levels on the nasal side were 13% (±6%) lower than on the temporal side at 20° inferior to the disc center. The contrast between the nasal and the temporal areas was not significantly affected by age, sex, refractive error, race, or iris color. The demarcation line visible in SW-AF was also seen, though with reduced contrast, in approximately 80% of the 488-R images (lower reflectance on the nasal side) and 50% of color images. The boundary was not detected by NIR-R, NIR-AF, or by SD-OCT imaging. Conclusions The location and the distinctness of the demarcation line may indicate a relationship to the closed embryonic optic fissure. The reduced SW-AF intensity and 488-R reflectance observed on the nasal side of this line may be attributable to lower lipofuscin and melanin content per unit area, possibly resulting from a difference in RPE cell shape.
Flow variance method for damage identification

In this paper, a flow variance based structural damage identification method is introduced. It is a practical implementation of phase space warping concept as applied to damage identification. A coupled dynamical system is considered where a slow-time damage process causes drifts in the parameters of fast-time system describing measurable response of a structure. The method is based on the hypothesis that the distribution function of the fast-time trajectory is a function of damage state. In this method, estimated local expectation of trajectory in its phase space is used as a damage tracking feature vector. After the feature vectors are constructed, damage identification is realized by smooth orthogonal decomposition. Data processing time requirements of the flow variance based approach decrease by about 2 orders-of-magnitude compared with the phase space warping based method. A common form of the feature vectors is also discussed.
Measurements of voidage near the wall of a circulating fluidized bed riser

Abstract Quantitative, time-dependent, non-intrusive capacitance measurements of voidage in the wall region of a circulating fluidized bed of cracking catalyst are reported. The data confirm the presence of a denser annulus of solids near the wall, which exhibits a vertical voidage profile similar to that observed for the average cross-sectional voidage. A statistical analysis shows that the average wall voidage in the dense lower region of the bed is nearly independent of the total solid flux, that it expands linearly with superficial gas velocity, and that its fluctuations are limited to low frequencies.
Correlation of Resting First-Pass Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Resting Myocardial Infarct Size

Abstract This study determined the correlation between the extent of the resting perfusion defect by technetium-99m sestamibi tomographic imaging and the first-pass left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). A total of 1,955 patients underwent technetium-99m sestamibi tomographic imaging with measurement of first-pass resting LVEF. Twenty-five percent of patients had a prior history of myocardial infarction. First-pass LVEF was measured using a peripheral intravenous injection and a multicrystal gamma camera with standard software. Resting tomographic perfusion defect size (infarct size) was quantitated using previously published methods. Mean LVEF for the study group was 0.60 ± 0.11. Mean LV infarct size was 5 ± 11%. For the 1,265 patients (65% of the study group) with no measurable perfusion defect, the prevalence of a normal (≥0.50) LVEF was 96% (1,212 of 1,265 patients). For patients with a measurable defect (n = 690, 35%), the inverse linear correlation with LVEF was highly significant (r = −0.60, p
Structures of the carbohydrate moieties of human prostatic acid phosphatase elucidated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

The structures of the oligosaccharides comprising the carbohydrate moieties of human prostatic acid phosphatase were elucidated by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Homogeneous enzyme was digested with Pronase P, and three asparagine-linked carbohydrate moieties were obtained upon fractionation of the digest using a concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity column. One fraction did not bind to the column, while the portion that did bind was separated into two fractions by elution with two concentrations of mannose. The high-resolution 1H NMR spectra for the three fractions were recorded at 470 MHz. From these data, the structures were deduced to be high mannose, partially sialylated and fucosylated biantennary complex, and fucosylated, partially sialylated triantennary complex oligosaccharides. No O-linked carbohydrate moiety was detected, although the possible presence of small O-linked oligosaccharides cannot be completely discounted from these data.
Effects of stoichiometries on the positron distribution in Si1-x-yGexCy alloys

The effect of alloying on the positron distribution in Si 1-x-y Ge x C y alloys is reported. Our computations of the thermalized positron densities are based on the independent particle method coupled with the empirical pseudopotential method to derive the positron and electron wave functions, respectively. Initial results show a clear symmetrical positron charge distribution relative to the bond centre, a quite similar situation that was found in the IV groups. Since the minimum band gaps were found to be very sensitive to the carbon as well as the germanium concentration variations, this has an immediate consequence on the positron densities, where we find a deviation from linearity. This illustrative result was an indication of the alloying effect in this system (bowing effect).
Assembly of the Hv190S totivirus capsid is independent of posttranslational modification of the capsid protein.

The genome of Helminthosporium victoriae 190S totivirus (Hv190SV) consists of two large overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), encoding a capsid protein (CP) and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The capsid of Hv190SV, even though encoded by a single gene, contains three closely related capsid polypeptides: p88, p83, and p78. p88 and p83 are phosphorylated, whereas p78, which is derived from p88 via proteolytic processing at the C terminus, is nonphosphorylated. In this study we expressed the CP ORF in bacteria and determined that a single product comigrating with virion p88 was generated. Evidence from in vivo phosphorylation studies indicated that the bacterially expressed p88 was unmodified, and thus autophosphorylation was ruled out. Enzymatic-dephosphorylation experiments using 32 P-labeled p88 as a substrate demonstrated that the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms of p88 could not be differentiated based on their mobilities in SDS gels and suggested that the two forms occur in purified virions. We also showed that the unmodified p88 is competent for assembly into virus-like particles, indicating that neither phosphorylation nor proteolytic processing of CP is required for capsid assembly. Posttranslational modification of CP, however, is proposed to play an important role in the life cycle of Hv190SV, including regulation of transcription/replication and/or packaging/release from virions of the viral (1) strand RNA transcript. © 1998 Academic Press
Painting by numbers: capturing the pathology of socio-political conflict.

(2010). Painting by Numbers: Capturing the Pathology of Socio-Political Conflict. Psychiatry: Vol. 73, No. 3, pp. 239-243.
SPAWN: a swarming protocol for vehicular ad-hoc wireless networks

Future vehicular networks are expected to deploy short-range communication technology for inter-vehicle communication. In addition to vehicle-to-vehicle communication, users will be interested in accessing the multimedia-rich Internet from within the vehicular network. This motivates a compelling application of Co-operative Networking in the Vehicular Ad-Hoc network where the Ad Hoc network extends and complements the Internet. The broadcast nature of the wireless medium drives us to explore different design paradigms from the ones used in typical wired settings.A new paradigm in content delivery on the Internet using peer-peer swarming protocols is emerging [1,2]. We propose SPAWN, a simple cooperative strategy for content delivery in future vehicular networks. We study the issues involved in using such a strategy from the standpoint of Vehicular Ad-Hoc networks. Several enhancements to a popular swarming protocol (BitTorrent) are discussed including a gossip mechanism that leverages the inherent broadcast nature of the wireless medium, and a piece-selection strategy that uses proximity to exchange pieces quicker. Preliminary results show that SPAWN increases the perceived performance of the network, resulting in faster downloads for popular files.
Thyroid carcinoma following treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

A 2 1/2-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia received chemotherapy and prophylactic cranial irradiation. After six years of remission, including three years off therapy, metastatic thyroid carcinoma appeared in the cervical lymph nodes. The predisposing factors for the development of thyroid carcinoma as a second malignancy in this case are discussed. It is suggested that thyroid carcinoma should be added to the growing list of second malignancies in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and that careful thyroid examination be included in the follow-up of long-term survivors.
Weak winner effect in a less aggressive mammal: Correlations with corticosterone but not testosterone

Abstract We investigated the existence of the “winner effect” (winning an aggressive encounter following previous victories) and an associated rise in testosterone (T) in the white-footed mouse ( Peromyscus leucopus ) which generally display low levels of aggression and territoriality. We compared the effect of previously winning three, two, one, or zero resident–intruder encounters on the likelihood of winning a subsequent aggressive encounter. Although 50% of males were removed during training because of peaceful encounters, the winner effect was weak and not significant. We hypothesize that territoriality/aggression may be associated with the strength of the winner effect and discuss whether the slight winner effect exhibited by P. leucopus may become significant when population densities increase and males become more territorial. There was also no associated change in T with winning; however, corticosterone (Cort) changed with experience as winners had low Cort levels compared to losers and controls. Furthermore, low Cort levels in winners were associated with quicker attack latencies. These results contrast with findings of a significant winner effect and increase in T in males of the highly territorial and aggressive California mouse ( Peromyscus californicus ) using an identical methodology. California mice also attacked their opponents at more caudal regions of the body compared to white-footed mice that attacked their opponents at more rostral regions of the body, possibly related to different levels/types of aggression expressed by the two species.
Graphene oxide nanocolloids.

Graphene oxide (GO) nanocolloids—sheets with lateral dimension smaller than 100 nm—were synthesized by chemical exfoliation of graphite nanofibers, in which the graphene planes are coin-stacked along the length of the nanofibers. Since the upper size limit is predetermined by the diameter of the nanofiber precursor, the size distribution of the GO nanosheets is much more uniform than that of common GO synthesized from graphite powders. The size can be further tuned by the oxidation time. Compared to the micrometer-sized, regular GO sheets, nano GO has very similar spectroscopic characteristics and chemical properties but very different solution properties, such as surface activity and colloidal stability. Due to higher charge density originating from their higher edge-to-area ratios, aqueous GO nanocolloids are significantly more stable. Dispersions of GO nanocolloids can sustain high-speed centrifugation and remain stable even after chemical reduction, which would result in aggregates for regular GO. The...
Transition from the displacement discontinuity limit to the resonant scattering regime for fracture interface waves

Abstract The validity of the displacement discontinuity model for elastic wave propagation across and along fractures is related to the spacing of asperities in fractures. In this paper, the transition from the displacement-discontinuity regime to the resonant scattering of Rayleigh waves is explicitly observed for waves propagating along synthetic fractures. The fractures are engineered to have increasing asperity separation with fixed aperture orientation. The seismic signals of elastic interface waves for all three polarizations S v , S h and P propagating along the synthetic fractures are recorded, and the waveforms are analyzed using the new Nolte–Hilbert wavelet that balances time-frequency localization without violating the wavelet admissibility condition which impedes the use of the Morlet wavelet transform. The wavelet spectra of the elastic waves are measured in response to the changing asperity separation for waves propagating parallel and perpendicular to the asperities. Clear evidence for both Rayleigh-mode and P-mode fracture interface waves, as well as resonantly scattered Rayleigh waves, are observed in the wavelet transforms.
PaCMap: Topology Mapping of Unstructured Communication Patterns onto Non-contiguous Allocations

In high performance computing (HPC), applications usually have many parallel tasks running on multiple machine nodes. As these tasks intensively communicate with each other, the communication overhead has a significant impact on an application's execution time. This overhead is determined by the application's communication pattern as well as the network distances between communicating tasks. By mapping the tasks to the available machine nodes in a communication-aware manner, the network distances and the execution times can be significantly reduced. Existing techniques first allocate available nodes to an application, and then map the tasks onto the allocated nodes. In this paper, we discuss the potential benefits of simultaneous allocation and mapping for applications with irregular communication patterns. We also propose a novel graph-based allocation and mapping technique to reduce the execution time in HPC machines that use non-contiguous allocation, such as Cray XK series. Simulations calibrated with real-life experiments show that our technique reduces hop-bytes up to 30% compared to the state-of-the-art.
Diffusion Coefficients of Water and Leachables in Methacrylate-based Crosslinked Polymers using Absorption Experiments

The diffusion of water into dentin adhesive polymers and leaching of unpolymerized monomer from the adhesive are linked to their mechanical softening and hydrolytic degradation. Therefore, diffusion coefficient data are critical for the mechanical design of these polymeric adhesives. In this study, diffusion coefficients of water and leachables were obtained for sixteen methacrylate-based crosslinked polymers using absorption experiments. The experimental mass change data was interpreted using numerical solution of the two-dimensional diffusion equations. The calculated diffusion coefficients varied from 1.05 × 10−8 cm2/sec (co-monomer TMTMA) to 3.15 × 10−8 cm2/sec (co-monomer T4EGDMA). Correlation of the diffusion coefficients with crosslink density and hydrophilicity showed an inverse trend (R2 = 0.41). The correlation of diffusion coefficient with crosslink density and hydrophilicity are closer for molecules differing by simple repeat units (R2 = 0.95). These differences in the trends reveal mechanisms of interaction of the diffusing water with the polymer structure.
On C- and C∗-embeddings

Abstract Referring to the separation axioms of Van Est and Freudenthal [ W. T. van Est and H. Freudenthal , Trenning durch Stetigkeit Funktionen in topologischen Raumen, Indagationes Math. 15, 359–368 (1951)] the following are included in the results. A set is C-embedded in every space satisfying pτS q that it is embedded in iff it is closed in every space satisfying pτS q that it is embedded in. A pseudocompact set X is C-embedded in a pτS A space Y which it is embedded in iff X with its weak topology is C-embedded in Y with its weak topology. Consequently a space X is C-embedded in every pτS A space that it is embedded in iff given two disjoint zero sets in X at least one is closed in every pτS q space that it is embedded in and furthermore a closed pseudocompact space with pseudocompact zero sets is C-embedded in a pτS A space Y if Y with its weak topology satisfies AτS B. A C-embedded subset is closed in a space X if X satisfies pτS A and every point is a Gδ. A C∗-embedded subset is closed in a space X if X is sequential T1 and hereditarily weakly normal and completely regular.
The texas white primary law

The original act having been declared unconstitutional by U. S. Supreme Court, Texas passes a new law to exclude negroes from primaries
Identifying pictorial images of Atlantic slavery: Three case studies

During the last several decades, the number of publications on New World slavery and the Atlantic slave trade has increased tremendously, including specialized scholarly studies, websites, and book...
A Microfluidic Platform for Evaluating Anode Substrates for Microbial Fuel Cells

Microbial fuel cell technology is a new technology for producing green energy from wastewater. While lab scale and commercial microbial fuel cells typically utilize graphite as the film substrate, it is difficult to rapidly prototype micro-patterned graphite and it has not been used to date. Our design sandwiches graphite sheets under a channel layer creating a microfluidic microbial fuel cell with graphite electrodes. The microfluidic microbial fuel cell uses Geobacter sulfurreducens fed with acetate in a phosphate buffer media. Ferricyanide is used as the catholyte so that the system is anodically limited. Current versus time and open circuit voltage are reported showing biofilm growth microbial fuel cell operation.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Obtaining Stakeholder Consensus on the Core Components of a Parent Support and Training Model for Parents of Children With Serious Emotional Disturbances

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://alliance1.metapress.com/content/y66232237182170g/?genre=article&id=doi%3a10.1606%2f1044-3894.4317
Stochastic modeling of dwell-time distributions during transcriptional pausing and initiation

The process of transcription has been intensively studied for several decades, however there is still much to learn about the underlying biochemical processes. Recent advances in single-molecule techniques have provided new experimental data that highlights the role of transcriptional pausing in the regulation of gene expression. In some cases, it has been shown that transcriptional pauses are rate-limiting stochastic processes, thus a quantitative understanding requires stochastic modeling of the underlying processes. We propose a coarse-grained stochastic model to analyze the dwell-time distribution for transcriptional pausing. The proposed kinetic scheme can also be used to model transcriptional initiation and to analyze the corresponding noise in gene expression. We obtain analytical solutions which can provide useful insights into current and future experiments focusing on time-resolved single-molecule studies of transcriptional pausing and noise in gene expression.
Predetermination of the A-C. Characteristics of Dielectrics

From the charge and discharge currents of any type of dielectric under continuous potential it is possible to predict accurately the loss, power factor and capacity at 60 cycles. This is done by an empirical determination of the equation for the relaxation function of the dielectric at a given temperature, followed by the application of von Schweidler's method. The method developed is available at any frequency, provided that the continuous potential charge and discharge currents may be measured over initial time intervals comparable with the alternating period. It is shown that agreement of the relaxation function with the t-nexpression is not general, but on the contrary, it is confined to dielectrics showing negligible or no irreversible conduction. The inadequacy of the t-n expression is proved on experimental and analytical reasons. Chief among them is the failure of the t-n expression to predict accurately the variation of dielectric loss with frequency. A convenient and sufficient expression for the relaxation function is shown to be a sum of three exponentials. Further, experiment and analysis prove that the method of three exponentials predicts accurately the a-c. behavior of a dielectric at 60 cycles. The usual forms of irreversible conduction encountered are defined and classified. The case where the initial constant current does not obey Ohm's law has been considered analytically in its contribution to the a-c. behavior. The manner in which the complete a-c. behavior of a dielectric is accurately predicted from suitable d-c.
The Effect of Calcium Infusions, Parathyroid Hormone, and Vitamin D on Renal Clearance of Calcium.∗

SummaryThe comparative effects of calcium infusions, parathyroid extract, and Vit. D on renal clearance of diffusible calcium in 2 hypoparathyroid subjects were studied. For any given filtered load of calcium, parathyroid extract significantly decreased the renal clearance ratio of this ion. A direct effect of Vit. D on the calcium clearance ratio could not be demonstrated.
A call for collaboration

Specialization has its place, but truly innovative advances in HIV research usually come from interdisciplinary efforts, reports Unmesh Kher.
Of souls, selves, and cerebrums: a reply to Himma

Ken Himma argues that a human being becomes a moral person at the commencement of brain activity. In response to Himma, the author offers (1) brief comments on Himma’s project, (2) an alternative account of the human person that maintains that a human being is a human person by nature as long as it exists, and (3) a counterexample to Himma’s position that shows it cannot account for the wrongness of the purposeful creation of anencephalic-like children. The author concludes with replies to two challenges to his position.
Deformations of N = 4 SYM and integrable spin chain models

Abstract Beginning with the planar limit of N = 4 SYM theory, we study planar diagrams for field theory deformations of N = 4 which are marginal at the free field theory level. We show that the requirement of integrability of the full one-loop dilatation operator in the scalar sector, places very strong constraints on the field theory, so that the only soluble models correspond essentially to orbifolds of N = 4 SYM. For these, the associated spin chain model gets twisted boundary conditions that depend on the length of the chain, but which are still integrable. We also show that theories with integrable subsectors appear quite generically, and it is possible to engineer integrable subsectors to have some specific symmetry, however these do not generally lead to full integrability. We also try to construct a theory whose spin chain has quantum group symmetry SO q ( 6 ) as a deformation of the SO ( 6 ) R-symmetry structure of N = 4 SYM. We show that it is not possible to obtain a spin chain with that symmetry from deformations of the scalar potential of N = 4 SYM. We also show that the natural context for these questions can be better phrased in terms of multi-matrix quantum mechanics rather than in four-dimensional field theories.
Inhibition of theophylline metabolism by long‐term allopurinol administration

Administration of an oral dose of allopurinol (300 mg every 12 hr) for 14 consecutive days increased the mean theophylline area under the curve (AUC) 27% and mean theophylline half-life (t1/2) 25%, whereas the mean theophylline clearance (Cl) decreased 21%. Allopurinol did not alter either apparent volume of distribution (aVd) or gastrointestinal absorption (Cmax and tmax) of theophylline. After 28 consecutive days of allopurinol administration, theophylline disposition was the same as that on day 14. Thus, given in a dose of 300 mg every 12 hr for 14 or 28 days, allopurinol inhibits theophylline metabolism, despite the failure of allopurinol in lower doses given for only 7 days to alter theophylline disposition. These results emphasize the need to investigate several different doses and durations of administration within therapeutic ranges before firm conclusions can be drawn concerning the influence of one drug on the disposition of another.
Crack problem in piezoelectric materials : general anti-plane mechanical loading

Abstract Using linear piezoelectricity theory, the effect of a Griffith crack on stress and electric fields in an infinite piezoelectric material under electric and anti-plane mechanical loading has been studied by using appropriate boundary conditions. It is found that electric field is nonsingular in front of crack tip due to no free charge inside piezoelectric material and along crack faces. The singularity of electric displacement arises from the electromechanical interaction between electric and mechanical loading. Under far field loading condition, crack driving force is proportional to the square of the resultant remote stress generated by both mechanical loading and electric loading. At a given mechanical loading, electric loading can either increase or decrease the crack driving force, which depends on the relative direction of the electric field to that of mechanical loading.
Spectroscopic characterization of 2-naphthylcarbene

Abstract The 308 nm excimer laser flash photolysis of 2-naphthyldiazomethane produces triplet 2-naphthylcarbene (λ max = 362 nm) which decays with the observed pseudo-first-order rate constants (k exptl ) of 5.54 ± 0.03 × 10 6 ; 3.33 ± 0.4 × 10 6 ; 1.64±0.02 × 10 7 ; and 3.05±0.4 × 10 6 s -1 in n-pentane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (2,2,4-TMP), benzene and Freon 113 respectively. In hydrocarbon solvents the observed decay of triplet 2-naphthylcarbene is correlated with the pseudo-first-order growth of the 2-naphthylmethyl radical (λ max = 378 nm). Direct kinetic measurements of the reaction of triplet 2-naphthylcarbene in 2,2,4-TMP with cyclohexane, styrene, methanol and carbon tetrachloride yielded bimolecular quenching rate constants of 1.48 ± 0.04 × 10 6 ;4.33 ± 0.1 × 10 7 ;7.25 ± 0.5 × 10 6 ; and 3.35 ± 0.07 × 10 6 M -1 S -1 . It is also found that 2-naphthylcarbene reacts with acetonitrile (k q = 5.28 ± 0.1 × 10 5 M -1 s -1 ) to form a nitrile ylide intermediate with a λ max = 372 nm. These results are interpreted in terms of a rapid singlet-triplet 2-naphthylcarbene equilibrium.
Excitation spectra of Chromium(III) complexes

Abstract 77 K excitation spectra of Cr(oxolate) 3- 3 in several crystal lattices are reported. The components of the 2 T 1 and 2 T 2 states can be located quite easily by this technique and advantages of this technique over absorption measurements are discussed.
Radiative heat transfer in nonhomogeneous gases: A simplified approach

Abstract Neither narrow-band nor wide-band models are necessary to accurately model non-homogeneous effects on radiative heat transfer in high temperature combustion gases. The following article demonstrates the ability of a simplified model, using total transmittance data, to predict the radiance emanating from nonisothermal, variable concentration carbon dioxide and water-vapor mixtures. Computational times using the simplified approach are over two-orders of magnitude less than that required by the Goody statistical narrow-band model with Curtis-Godson approximation, with a sacrifice in accuracy of less than 10 %. The total transmittance nonhomogeneous model has been verified for pathlengths between 20 and 200cm, temperatures between 800 and 1800 K, and CO2/H2O ratios between 1 2 and 2. ab]|fr|Les modeles a bandes etroites ou a larges bandes ne sont pas necessaires pour representer les effets de la non homogeneite sur le rayonnement des gaz de combustion a haute temperature. L'article suivant montre la capacite d'un modele simplifie utilisant les donnees de transmittance totale, pour prevoir le rayonnement du gaz carbonique et de la vapeur d'eau en melange non isotherme et a concentration variable. Les temps de calcul de cette approche simplifiee sont deux fois moindres que ceux relatifs au modele statistique a bandes etroites de Goody avec l'approximation de Curtis-Godson, avec un abandon de precision inferieur a 10%. La transmittance totale du modele non homogene a ete verifiee pour des longueurs de parcours entre 20 et 200 cm, des temperatures entre 800 et 1800 K et des rapports CO2/H2O entre 1 2 et 2.
Effects of cyclic strain on rat tail tenocytes

Cyclical mechanical strain is considered an important component in flexor tendon cell activation to prevent adhesions and enhance the healing process after tissue injury or surgery, but the biochemical events associated with this remain unclear. To address this, we examined the effects of cyclic tension on the expression of hyaluronic acid, an important lubricant and signal transducer in tendon, on its receptor (CD44), and on total glycosaminoglycan content in rat tail derived tendon fibroblasts in vitro. Tenocytes were plated on fibronectin coated silastic membranes and the cultures were held static or subjected to vacuum induced deformation for a period of 5 min once every 8 h as a model of cyclic mechanical stress. After 24 h medium and cell layers were collected for analyses by product specific ELISA, Western blot, and colorimetric dye-binding assays. Strained tenocytes produced a nearly two-fold increase in hyaluronic acid and a greater than 60% increase in CD44, but had an insignificant effect on total glycosaminoglycan content. Our results predict that high levels of strain may therefore rapidly enhance the expression of hyaluronic acid and cause, albeit still unresolved, downstream effects on CD44 activation, to influence tendon cell activity and enhance the process of tendon repair.
Intracelular and extracellular acid-base and electrolyte status of submerged anoxic turteles at 3°C

Specimens of fresh water turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii) were acclimated to 3 degrees C and then submerged in completely anoxic water for time periods of up to 12 weeks. Blood withdrawn via indwelling arterial catheters was analysed for plasma pH, PCO2, bicarbonate concentration, [lactate], [Na+], [K+], [Ca2+] and [Mg2+], and tissue samples of skeletal muscle, liver and cardiac muscle were excised. Samples of skeletal muscle were analysed for intracellular pH (DMO), [lactate], [Na+], [K+], [Ca2+], and [Mg2+], and samples of liver and cardiac muscle for intracellular pH and [lactate] during normoxia and after 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of anoxia. Arterial plasma pH fell from 8.0 during normoxia to lower than 7.2 concomitant with a reduction in plasma [HCO3-] after 12 weeks of anoxia due to the production of large amounts of lactic acid. The intracellular pH (pHi) of heart muscle and liver dropped in parallel or even more than plasma pH, whereas pHi in skeletal muscle changed less resulting in a delta pHi/delta pHe value of less than 0.6. Intracellular [lactate] and [Ca2+] increased considerably, but attained concentrations much smaller than those observed in the extracellular compartment. The intracellular concentrations of K+, Na+ and Mg2+ were also significantly affected, the changes, however, were small in comparison with those observed for Ca2+ and lactate concentration. The water distribution between intra- and extracellular compartments remained essentially unaffected by anoxia. It is concluded that the considerable increase in extracellular Mg2+ and Ca2+ cannot be the result of release from muscle cells and has to be attributed to release from skeleton and shell.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ultrasensitive protein detection using an aptamer-functionalized single polyaniline nanowire

A highly sensitive, conductometric and label-free biosensor for the detection of immunoglobulin E (IgE) is developed based on the immobilzation of the IgE aptamer onto a single polyaniline nanowire electrochemically synthesized in a facile and controllable way.
RECORDINGS OF, AND AN ANATOMICAL EXPLANATION FOR, FALSE POSITIVE LOSS OF RESISTANCE DURING LUMBER EXTRADURAL ANALGESIA

Loss of resistance dorsal to the ligamentrum flavum was recorded in 10 of 16 patients aged 43–75 yr whilst performing extradural anaesthesia at the L2–3 interspace via the midline approach. Degeneration of the interspinous ligament with cavity formation is observed frequently in the elderly and may account for false positive loss of resistance and failure to obtain analgesia following the injection of local anaesthetic.
Three-term relations for Hardy sums

Abstract L. A. Goldberg (thesis, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, 1981) discovered some three-term and mixed three-term relations for Hardy sums. His proofs are based on Berndt's transformation formulae for the logarithms of the classical theta functions. In this paper, we give elementary proofs for all of Goldberg's results and also prove some new three-term relations for Dedekind sums.
Cosmological baryon-number domain structure from symmetry breaking in grand unified field theories

It is suggested that grand unified field theories with spontaneous symmetry breaking in the very early big-bang can lead more naturally to a baryon symmetric cosmology with a domain structure than to a totally baryon asymmetric cosmology. The symmetry is broken in a randomized manner in causally independent domains, favoring neither a baryon nor an antibaryon excess on a universal scale. Arguments in favor of this cosmology and observational tests are discussed.