cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
State-dependence of sensory-evoked responses in neocortex

The neocortex typically operates in one of two states. The activated (desynchronized) state, typical of alert wakefulness and REM sleep, is characterized by a high-frequency, low amplitude local field potential (LFP). The inactivated (synchronized) state exhibits high low-frequency power, and spontaneous transitions between UP states of widespread depolarization and spiking, and DOWN states of generalized silence. Cortical responses to sensory stimuli exhibit enormous trial-to-trial variability, much of which is state-dependent. This presents a problem for averaging in order to find the "typical" response. One solution is to classify trials (repeated presentations of the same stimulus) into categories depending on the cortical state at the time of the stimulus (activated vs. inactivated, UP vs. DOWN, etc.). In this work, we are more interested in understanding how the intrinsic dynamics associated to different states controls population activity. We investigated the state-dependence of sensory-evoked responses using a dynamical systems approach. Cortical LFPs and population spike trains were recorded from the auditory cortex of urethane-anesthetized rats using multi-site silicon microelectrodes. 5 ms noise click stimuli were presented, and intervals of silence were used to investigate spontaneous activity. Activated states were induced by electrical stimulation of the pendunculo-pontine tegmental nucleus (PPT). We quantified the strength of "initial" and "persistent" network responses using multiple unit activity (MUA). In the activated state, initial responses were more or less consistent, whereas persistent network activity merely reflected a return to baseline. In contrast, the inactivated state exhibited greater variability in initial responses, and persistent activity that often reflected transitions between UP and DOWN states. We found that a "past activity" variable, which summarizes recent network activity, is highly correlated to persistent network activity after a stimulus presentation. In the activated state, the correlation was strongly positive, whereas in the inactivated state, the correlation was strongly negative. By viewing the MUA as the output of a dynamical system driven by external sensory stimuli, we constructed a simple nonlinear model that captures the essential dynamic differences between the activated and inactivated states, and explains much of the trial-to-trial variability of sensory-evoked responses. By fitting the model to data, we were able to determine the phase diagram associated to each kind of activity, and the bifurcation that transitions from activated to inactivated state. Furthermore, using the model we made predictions for initial and persistent responses that were better than those using past activity alone.
Automatic bottle sealing mechanism for sequential sampling of volatile organics in water

ABSTRACT: The design, construction, and evaluation of two automatic bottle sealing mechanisms for the collection of volatile organic compounds in water are described. Manually collected samples were either stored in uncapped bottles or in bottles capped with the automatic bottle sealing mechanisms. After 24 hours' storage, significant losses of volatile compounds from uncapped samples occurred even if the samples were stored at 4°C, but not for the samples capped with the automatic bottle sealing mechanisms. The mechanism for sealing the sample bottles was integrated into a commercial sampler with minor modifications to the sampler. The sampling system was then evaluated under controlled conditions to simulate actual field sampling. The results showed that the system was suitable for taking sequential discrete water samples automatically for 24 hours without significant losses of volatile organic compounds.
Enhancing mathematical discourse in elementary classrooms

Using conversational formative routines among students, this study focuses on the discursive practices found in two fifth-grade mathematics classrooms. The analysis considers student identity work situated in meaningful engagement in knowledge practices. Particular attention is paid to how students become proficient in speaking the language of mathematical communities and the relationship this has on their identity within the group.
Yoga in cardiac health (a review).

This review studies the efficacy of yoga in the primary and secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease and post-myocardial infarction patient rehabilitation. Yoga is an unconventional form of ...
Design and characterization of traveling-wave electrooptic terahertz sensors

We discuss the design considerations of traveling-wave electrooptic terahertz sensors, wherein we analyze limitations in frequency response due to velocity-mismatch in the sensor crystal. In zincblende electrooptic materials, optical group velocities are found to be able to match the phase velocity of low frequency terahertz wave at specific optical center frequencies. We observed excellent velocity-matching in ZnTe crystals within the tuning range of Ti:sapphire lasers. Terahertz pulses as short as 200 fs (full-width-at-half-maximum) have been measured using the ultra-broad-band radiation generated via terahertz optical rectification.
A neural network approach to classification of sidescan sonar imagery from a midocean ridge area

A neural-network approach to classification of sidescan-sonar imagery is tested on data from three distinct geoacoustic provinces of a midocean-ridge spreading center: axial valley, ridge flank, and sediment pond. The extraction of representative features from the sidescan imagery is analyzed, and the performance of several commonly used texture measures are compared in terms of classification accuracy using a backpropagation neural network. A suite of experiments compares the effectiveness of different feature vectors, the selection of training patterns, the configuration of the neural network, and two widely used statistical methods: Fisher-pairwise classifier and nearest-mean algorithm with Mahalanobis distance measure. The feature vectors compared here comprise spectral estimates, gray-level run length, spatial gray-level dependence matrix, and gray-level differences. The overall accurate classification rates using the best feature set for the three seafloor types are: sediment ponds, 85.9%; ridge flanks, 91.2%; and valleys, 80.1%. While most current approaches are statistical, the significant finding in this study is that high performance for seafloor classification in terms of accuracy and computation can be achieved using a neural network with the proper combination of texture features. These are preliminary results of our program toward the automated segmentation and classification of undersea terrain. >
Cognitive Complexity and Career Maturity among College Students.

Abstract The role of cognitive complexity in the career maturity of college students was investigated. Simple and multiple correlational analyses were performed upon data from 99 college students who were administered the Attitude Scale and Competence Test of the Career Maturity Inventory, the Bieri Repertory Test, and the Bodden Cognitive Differentiation Grid. Results generally supported the prediction that career maturity would be found to be positively associated with cognitive complexity.
A new theory of cryptogenic stroke and its relationship to patent foramen ovale; or, the puzzle of the missing extra risk

Cryptogenic stroke (or stroke of undetermined cause) is a common cause of stroke and is statistically associated with patent foramen ovale (PFO). The largest study of cryptogenic stroke is the Homma study, which is a sub-study of the WARSS trial; it produced the following data: cryptogenic stroke patients with and without PFO, when treated with either aspirin or warfarin, all had identical recurrence rates. This is puzzling because it seems as though there ought to have been some extra risk in one of the two groups under one of the two treatments. How could everything come out the same? A review of the epidemiology of cryptogenic stroke shows that, compared to patients with stroke of determined cause, cryptogenic stroke patients are a little younger and have lower doses of the usual risk factors (hypertension and diabetes mellitus) but more PFO. Cryptogenic strokes appear to be embolic strokes from an unknown source. A previously published article setting forth a hypothetical theory of stress-induced stroke was used to analyze these data. It is suggested that stress can induce episodic systemic platelet activation and hypercoagulability, which causes transient thrombus formation and subsequent embolization on both the arterial and venous sides of the circulation; the latter requires a PFO to cause a stroke (paradoxical embolism). The sum of these two mechanisms explains cryptogenic stroke. The PFO subset of cryptogenic stroke includes patients with both early and late stage disease who have an aggregate risk approximately equal to that of patients without PFO. Cryptogenic stroke is part of the disease of stress-induced cerebrovascular disease. Aspirin and warfarin have already been shown to be equally effective in secondary prevention of ischemic stroke.
Multiple-Species Natural Enemy Approach for Biological Control of Alfalfa Snout Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Using Entomopathogenic Nematodes

Multiple-species natural enemy approach for the biological control of the alfalfa snout beetle, Otiorhynchus ligustici (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), was compared with using single-species of natural enemies in the alfalfa ecosystem by using entomopathogenic nematodes with different dispersal and foraging behaviors. Steinernema carpocapsae NY001 (ambush nematode), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Oswego (cruiser nematode), and Steinernema feltiae Valko (intermediate nematode) were applied in single-species, two-species combinations, and one three-species combination treatments at 2.5 × 109 infective juveniles per hectare. All nematode species persisted for a full year (357 d). S. carpocapsae NY001 protected the plants from root-feeding damage better than H. bacteriophora Oswego but allowed for higher larval survival than all other nematode treatments. S. feltiae Valko protected the plants better than H. bacteriophora Oswego and controlled alfalfa snout beetle larvae better than S. carpocapsae NY001. H. bacteriophora Oswego allowed for similar root damage compared with control plots but reduced larval populations better than S. carpocapsae NY001. The combination of S. carpocapsae NY001 and H. bacteriophora Oswego provided significantly better protection for the plants than the control (unlike H. bacteriophora Oswego alone) and reduced host larva survival more than S. carpocapsae NY001 alone. The combination S. feltiae Valko and H. bacteriophora Oswego could not be statistically separated from the performance of S. feltiae Valko applied alone.
Multimodal assessment of visual attention using the Bethesda Eye & Attention Measure (BEAM).

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Computerized cognitive tests measuring manual response time (RT) and errors are often used in the assessment of visual attention. Evidence suggests that saccadic RT and errors may also provide valuable information about attention. This study was conducted to examine a novel approach to multimodal assessment of visual attention incorporating concurrent measurements of saccadic eye movements and manual responses. Method: A computerized cognitive task, the Bethesda Eye & Attention Measure (BEAM) v.34, was designed to evaluate key attention networks through concurrent measurement of saccadic and manual RT and inhibition errors. Results from a community sample of n = 54 adults were analyzed to examine effects of BEAM attention cues on manual and saccadic RT and inhibition errors, internal reliability of BEAM metrics, relationships between parallel saccadic and manual metrics, and relationships of BEAM metrics to demographic characteristics. Results: Effects of BEAM attention cues (alertin...
Initial radiographic tumor control is similar following single or multi-fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery for jugular paragangliomas

Abstract Objective To evaluate radiographic tumor control and treatment-related toxicity in glomus jugulare tumors treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Study design Retrospective chart review. Setting Tertiary academic referral center. Patients Glomus jugulare tumors treated with SRS between 1998 and 2014 were identified. The data analysis only included patients with at least 18 months of post-treatment follow up (FU). Intervention Patients were treated with either single fraction or fractionated SRS. Main outcome measure Patient demographics and tumor characteristics were assessed. Radiographic control was determined by comparing pre and post treatment MRI, and was categorized as no change, regression, or progression. Results Eighteen patients were treated with SRS, and 14 met inclusion criteria. Median age at treatment was 55 years (range 35–79), and 71.4% of patients were female. 5 patients (35.7%) received single fraction SRS (dose range 15–18 Gy), and 9 (64.3%) fractionated therapy (dose 3–7 Gy × 3–15 fractions). Median tumor volume was 3.78 cm 3 (range 1.15–30.6). Median FU was 28.8 months (range 18.6–56.1), with a mean of 31.7 months. At their last recorded MRI, 7 patients (50%) had tumor stability, 6 (42.9%) had improvement, and 1 (7.1%) had progression. Disease improvement and progression rates in the single fraction group were 40% and 0%, and in the multiple-fraction group, 44.4% and 11.1%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in disease improvement (p = 0.88) or progression (p = 0.48) rates between groups (unpaired t-test). Conclusions At a median follow up of 28 months, both single fraction and fractionated SRS appear to have comparable radiographic tumor control outcomes and toxicity profiles.
RESPIRATORY DISTRESS IN THE NEWBORN. PULMONARY MECHANICS FOLLOWING FLUID INSTILLATION IN THE LUNGS OF NEONATAL LAMBS.

Summary Further studies in newborn lambs have demonstrated that the pulmonary instillation of amniotic fluid produces a respiratory disturbance very similar to that previously observed after the instillation of allantoic fluid. These lambs exhibited labored respirations with a high incidence of spontaneous death, and their lungs were found to have elevated surface tensions and microscopic atelectasis. In addition, the fluid-instilled lambs were found to have lungs with increased retractive forces that appeared to be related to elevations in lung extract surface tensions. The possible mechanisms by which excess intraalveolar fluid might produce these changes and their relevance to the respiratory distress syndrome of the human newborn have been discussed.
Electrical impedance myography in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

Introduction In this study we determined the reliability and validity of electrical impedance myography (EIM) in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Methods We performed a prospective study of EIM on 16 bilateral limb and trunk muscles in 35 genetically defined and clinically affected FSHD patients (reliability testing on 18 patients). Summary scores based on body region were derived. Reactance and phase (50 and 100 kHz) were compared with measures of strength, FSHD disease severity, and functional outcomes. Results Participants were mostly men, mean age 53.0 years, and included a full range of severity. Limb and trunk muscles showed good to excellent reliability [intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) 0.72-0.99]. Summary scores for the arm, leg, and trunk showed excellent reliability (ICC 0.89-0.98). Reactance was the most sensitive EIM parameter to a broad range of FSHD disease metrics. Conclusions EIM is a reliable measure of muscle composition in FSHD that offers the possibility to serially evaluate affected muscles. Muscle Nerve 54: 696-701, 2016.
Pregnancy Intention and Post-partum Depressive Affect in Louisiana Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System

Background Postpartum depression is associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes for both the mother and infant. This study examines the relationship between a mother and/or her partner’s pregnancy intentions and reported post-partum depressive symptoms (PPDs). Methods Using Louisiana pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system, 2000–2003, a secondary cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 5549 mothers, stratified by race, who delivered a singleton, live birth and whose infant was still alive at the time of the survey. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted, taking into account the complex survey design. Results In multivariable models, unwanted pregnancies were associated with severe PPDs (aOR 1.76, 95 % CI 1.23–2.53). Furthermore, the association between husbands/partners’ who did not want or care about the pregnancy and mild PPDs remained for White women (aOR 1.32, 95 % CI 1.02–1.69); while among Black women, neither parent’s pregnancy intention were associated with mild or severe PPDs. Conclusions This study supports existing research demonstrating the association between pregnancy intention and PPDs. This study contributes to the limited information on the role that partner pregnancy intention plays on maternal mental health outcomes, however further discussion is needed on the impact of this role across races. Findings can be used in programs aiming to reduce adverse mental health outcomes among high-risk mothers.
A Peptoid-Based Combinatorial and Computational Approach to Developing Ligands for Uranyl Sequestration from Seawater

The selective binding of uranyl for extraction from seawater by using polymer sorbents holds promise as a sustainable source of uranium for nuclear energy. A combinatorially synthesized peptoid library (N-substituted glycine oligomers) was screened for uranyl binding with the goal of identifying high-affinity ligands for use in polymer sorbents. Qualitative screening techniques using a dye, arsenazo III, identified three uranyl-binding sequences, all of which contained only carboxylic acids as the active binding groups. Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to determine a dissociation constant for one of the identified peptoids by monitoring the decrease in peptoid fluorescence upon uranyl binding. Density functional theory calculations were used to model the solution-state binding of these sequences to understand favored binding modes and geometries.
Industrial Marketing: Trends and Challenges:

Trends expected to dominate industrial marketing during the 1970s are discussed. These are: (1) increased marketing involvement in providing direction to R&D and acquisitions, (2) more formal marke...
Determination of the gamma prime/gamma interface width in a Co–Al–W alloy via coupled aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography

Abstract The compositional and order-disorder transition widths of γ′/γ interfaces in a Co–Al–W alloy have been established for the first time by coupling of aberration corrected high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and orientation-specific atom probe tomography. While the compositional width is approximately 2.5 nm, the order-disorder transition width is very sharp measuring 0.5 nm. A comparative study revealed that the γ′/γ interfaces, in a model Ni–Al–Cr alloy, are both compositionally and structurally diffuse with nearly the same width (~ 2.5–3 nm). These differences between the γ′/γ interfaces in Co and Ni-base alloys can impact the coarsening behavior of the ordered precipitates.
Extension of ATLAST/LUVOIR’s capabilities to 5 μm or beyond

ATLAST is a particular realization of the Large Ultraviolet Optical Infrared telescope (LUVOIR), a ∼10-m diameter space telescope being defined for consideration in the 2020 Decadal Review of astronomy and astrophysics. ATLAST/LUVOIR is generally thought of as an ambient temperature (∼300 K) system, and little consideration has been given to using it at infrared wavelengths longward of ∼2 μm. We assess the scientific and technical benefits of operating such a telescope further into the infrared, with particular emphasis on the study of exoplanets, which is a major science theme for ATLAST/LUVOIR. For the study of exoplanet atmospheres, the capability to work at least out to 5.0 μm is highly desirable. Such an extension of the long wavelength limit of ATLAST would greatly increase its capabilities for studies of exoplanet atmospheres and provide powerful capabilities for the study of a wide range of astrophysical questions. We present a concept for a fiber-fed grating spectrometer, which would enable R=200 spectroscopy on ATLAST with minimal impact on the other focal planet instruments. We conclude that it is technically feasible and highly desirable scientifically to extend the wavelength range of ATLAST to at least 5 μm.
Desarrollo De Un Paquete Computacional Para La Simulación De Plantas Térmicas

Se presentan algunos adelantos en el desarrollo de herramientas de simulacion y modelaje de plantas termicas. Se muestra un esquema de las plantas asi como algunas consideraciones de tipo termodinamico y computacional que ocurren en la construccion de modelos de esta naturaleza. Se muestran las relaciones fundamentales que rigen el comportamiento de cada uno de los componentes de las plantas. Finalmente, se hace una discusion acerca del comportamiento del fluido de trabajo, asi como ejemplos de los resultados obtenidos en comparacion con calculos exactos realizados por medio de tablas de propiedades.
Asian Martial Arts in the Asian Studies Curriculum

This article is both a review of the current state of martial arts studies and a survey of the status of martial arts in higher education. It provides a rationale for inclusion of martial arts courses in the Asian Studies curriculum and a resource guide for designing such courses. Finally, it interrogates the persistence of the body-mind split in liberal education in spite of intense interest in embodiment across multiple fields of scholarship.
Determination of the Relative Effectiveness of Four Food Additives in Degrading Aflatoxin in Distillers Wet Grains and Condensed Distillers Solubles

The food additives sodium bisulfite, sodium hypochlorite, citric acid, and ammonium persulfate were evaluated for their effectiveness in degrading aflatoxin in samples of distillers wet grains (DWG) and condensed distillers solubles (CDS) obtained from an industrial ethanol plant. Aqueous food additive solutions, 0.5% by weight, were added to DWG or CDS at the level of 0.5 ml/g of sample, and the materials were heated at 90°C for 1 h. Sodium bisulfite was not effective in degrading aflatoxin in either DWG or CDS. Among the four food additives tested, sodium hypochlorite was the most effective. However, it bleached the substrate and left an off-odor. Citric acid and ammonium persulfate reduced aflatoxin levels by 31 to 51%. Citric acid is the most promising additive for degrading aflatoxin because it has been classified as generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Aflatoxin reduction was enhanced by increasing the citric acid addition level and prolonging the heating time. Reductions of 65 and 80% in DWG and CDS, respectively, were obtained by the addition of 2.5% (by weight) citric acid and heating at 90°C for 1 h. Aflatoxin levels in DWG and CDS were gradually reduced with prolonged heating at 90°C, even without the addition of food additives. Aflatoxin reductions of 53 and 73% were achieved in DWG and CDS as a result of heating at 90°C for 5 h.
Automatic on-line failure diagnosis at the end-user site

Production run software failures cause endless grief to end-users, and endless challenges to programmers as they commonly have incomplete information about the bug, facing great hurdles to reproduce it. Users are often unable or unwilling to provide diagnostic information due to technical challenges and privacy concerns; even if the information is available, failure analysis is time-consuming. We propose performing initial diagnosis automatically and at the end user's site. The moment of failure is a valuable commodity programmers strive to reproduce-- leveraging it directly reduces diagnosis effort while simultaneously addressing privacy concerns. Additionally, we propose a failure diagnosis protocol. So far as we know, this is the first such automatic protocol proposed for on-line diagnosis. By mimicking the steps a human programmer follows dissecting a failure, we deduce important failure information. Beyond on-line use, this can also reduce the effort of in-house testing. We implement some of these ideas. Using lightweight checkpoint and rollback techniques and dynamic, run-time software analysis tools, we initiate the automatic diagnosis of several bugs. Our preliminary results show that automatic diagnosis can efficiently and accurately find likely root causes and fault propagation chains. Further, normal execution overhead is only 2%.
Meta-analysis of hematologic toxicities in patients with solid tumors treated with everolimus.

e15580 Background: Everolimus is an orally administered targeted agent that inhibits mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling involved in tumor growth and proliferation. Hematologic toxicities associated with everolimus have been reported with a substantial variation in the incidences among clinical studies without a systematic attempt to synthesize these data. We performed a systemic review and meta-analysis of published clinical trials to evaluate the overall risk of everolimus-related hematologic toxicities. Methods: We searched Medline and the American Society of Clinical Oncology online database of meeting abstracts up to December 2012 for relevant clinical trials. Eligible studies included phase II and III trials in patients with solid tumors treated with everolimus that reported adequate safety data profile reporting neutropenia, thrombocytopenia or anemia based on the CTCAE of the NCI. The relative risk (RR), summary incidence and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Results: For t...
Layer tracking using image segmentation

Data collected by hand-held and vehicular-mounted ground penetrating radar (GPR) devices can be viewed as a sequence of A-scans grouped into frames. Sequences of frames create a three-dimensional representation of the collected area. The ground structure within this area includes: the ground layer, sub-surface layers, explosive hazards, and non-explosive (clutter) objects. In previous work, we found a wireframe view of two-dimensional layers within the three-dimensional volume. In this work, we analyze how to use image segmentation techniques to identify and view the entire three-dimensional volume of layers and objects found in the data. First, image value and contour differentiate structure. Then, we employ a multi-stage process of image segmentation, clustering analysis using Competitive Agglomeration, and optimizing a Markov Random Field (MRF). The collection sequence of hand-held system data may not always fit into a grid representation. Therefore, segmentation techniques are modified from a frame by frame grid sequence to a nearest neighborhood of three-dimensional regions. Results are displayed in an interactive viewing tool that displays each stage of the process and represents the scene elements identified.
Optimizing High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for the Identification of Low-Abundance Post-Translational Modifications of Intact Proteins

Intact protein analysis by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is now possible due to the improved capabilities of mass spectrometers yielding greater resolution, mass accuracy, and extended mass ranges. Concurrent measurement of post-translational modifications (PTMs) during LC-MS of intact proteins is advantageous while monitoring critical proteoform status, such as for clinical samples or during production of reference materials. However, difficulties exist for PTM identification when the protein is large or contains multiple modification sites. In this work, analyses of low-abundance proteoforms of proteins of clinical or therapeutic interest, including C-reactive protein, vitamin D-binding protein, transferrin, and immunoglobulin G (NISTmAb), were performed on an Orbitrap Elite mass spectrometer. This work investigated the effect of various instrument parameters including source temperatures, in-source CID, microscan type and quantity, resolution, and automatic gain control on spectral qu...
Effects of Static, Stationary, and Traveling Trunk Exercises on Muscle Activation

Background: A new fitness trend incorporates stability exercises that challenges trunk muscles and introduces crawling as an exercise, but has yet to be investigated for muscle activity. Purpose: To compare the effects of static (STA), stationary (STN), and traveling (TRV) trunk exercises on muscle activation of the rectus abdominis, rectus femoris, external oblique, and erector spinae using surface electromyography (EMG). Methods: Seventeen recreationally active women (mean age ± SD = 22.4 ± 2.4 years, body mass 62.9 ± 6.9 kg, height 165.1 ± 5.8 cm) and twenty-three men (23.6 ±3.9 years, 83.2 ±17.1 kg, 177.1 ± 9.1 cm) volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects performed maximal voluntary contractions for normalization of each muscle’s EMG activity. They then performed the three exercises in random order for thirty seconds each with a two-minute rest in between. Results: For the rectus abdominis, STA was significantly lower than STN (P = 0.003) and TRV (P = 0.001). For the external oblique, STA was significantly lower than STN (P = 0.001) and TRV (P = 0.001) and STN was significantly greater than TRV (P = 0.009). For the erector spinae and rectus femoris, STA was significantly lower than STN (P = 0.001) and TRV (P = 0.001) Conclusions: There was greater muscle activation in all muscles tested in the stationary and traveling exercises versus the static. Strength and conditioning coaches and allied health professionals could potentially use stationary and traveling forms of trunk stabilization exercises as a viable strategy to increase muscle activation.
Poldip2 is an Oxygen-sensitive Mitochondrial Protein that Controls Oxidative/glycolytic Metabolism Balance and Proteasome Activity

The polymerase delta interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein of unknown function. We recently reported that Poldip2 is repressed under hypoxia and that its deficiency results in repressed mitochondrial function and increased glycolytic activity. However, the mechanisms responsible for this metabolic reprograming and its consequences are unknown. In this study, we show that Poldip2 controls the lipoylation and consequently the activity of the pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes by a mechanism that involves Clp-protease complex-mediated degradation of Acyl-CoA Synthetase Medium-Chain Family Member 1 (ACSM1), a lipoate-activating enzyme required for the utilization of lipoic acid derived from the salvage pathway. With regards to the increased glycolytic activity, we found that Poldip2 deficiency inhibits PHDs inducing HIF-1α-dependent upregulation of Hexokinase 2. As a result, we observed an increase in the flux through the Hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), a glucose metabolic pathway that produces uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine, the sugar donor for the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). The OGT-catalyzed transfer of O-GlcNAc is a post-translational modification implicated in cell signaling. Interestingly we found that Poldip2 deficiency induces the inhibition of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) by OGT-dependent O-GlcNAcylation of the 19S regulatory unit of the 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4 (PRS4). Additionally, we demonstrated that Poldip2-mediated inhibition of the UPS is required for the hypoxia-induced expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a cytokine that participates in multiple pathologies including fibrotic diseases and cancer. In all, we demonstrate that Poldip2 is an oxygen sensitive protein that regulates the activity of key enzymes of the Krebs cycle by coupling proteasome activity to mitochondrial function and fibrotic responses under hypoxia.
Analysis of the complete organellar genomes of the rockweed Fucus spiralis (Fucaceae, Phaeophyceae) supports its infraspecific recognition as Fucus vesiculosus var. spiralis

Fucus spiralis L. is a broadly distributed monoecious intertidal seaweed. The specific status of F. spiralis however is debatable. Here, we contribute to the bioinformatics and systematics of F. sp...
Napoleonic Ambition Versus Jeffersonian Virtue: The Case of Lewis Rand

This paper undertakes to give a reading of Mary Johnston's 1908 historical novel entitled Lewis Rand. The novel tells the story of a young Virginia man who receives a Jeffersonian education - literally - Lewis Rand is educated by Thomas Jefferson "in person." The young man later breaks with the great man over the character of his own political ambition and the limits which would be put upon this ambition if he were to continue in his adherence to Jeffersonian principles. These principles had undergirded his climb from poverty and obscurity to the position of "rising star" in Virginia politics. But when forced to choose between these principles and the future prospect of joining the ranks of the great emperors and conquerors of history, Lewis Rand opts for the latter, which meant in his case to opt for ambition over his personal intimacy with Jefferson (although at the last moment he pulls back at the brink of political action). Lewis's story is thus one concerning the limits of liberal democratic politics and the perennial dialectic between the politics of reason and the politics of tyranny.
Ireland: Savior of Civilization?

One of the most important aspects of early medieval Ireland is the advent of Christianity on the island, accompanied by education and literacy. As an island removed from the Roman Empire, Ireland developed uniquely from the rest of western continental and insular Europe. Amongst those developments was that Ireland did not have a literary tradition, or more specifically a Latin literary tradition, until Christianity was introduced to the Irish. Once introduced to the island through Christianity, however, the early Irish mastered the language with astonishing pace. This article is available in Constructing the Past: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol14/iss1/5
Overview of TBI

The continued significant societal challenge of both civilian and military traumatic brain injury (TBI) makes the development of preventive strategies ranging from primary to secondary to tertiary pressing. The invisible and visible loss of societal productivity further underscores this urgency. The clinical complexity of traumatic brain has resulted in controversy, especially in the appreciation of concussion and its sequelae with the need to clearly define terms such as mild TBI and the persistent post-concussive syndrome or symptom complex. The following overview highlights some of the key areas of the required interdisciplinary approach to TBI.
Abstract 5612: Evaluating the cytotoxic effectiveness of a novel TCR-like bispecific T cell engager targeting the PR1/HLA-A2 leukemia antigen

Overall 5-year survival rates of myeloid leukemia patients remain low at Citation Format: Amanda Cernosek Herrmann, Jin Seon Im, Hong He, Sergueeva Anna, Sijie Lu, Jeffrey Molldrem. Evaluating the cytotoxic effectiveness of a novel TCR-like bispecific T cell engager targeting the PR1/HLA-A2 leukemia antigen [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5612.
Splicing isoform-specific functional genomic in cancer cells

Alternative splicing is a regulated process whereby one gene can generate multiple mRNA isoforms susceptible to be translated into protein isoforms of various functions. Several publications report the aberrant expression of splicing isoforms in cancer cells and tissues. However, in most cases, their function remains to be established. In this review article, I will discuss the molecular tool available to perform isoform-specific functional genomics, the methodologies to quantify their effectiveness and the resulting isoform-specific phenotype in human cancer cell lines.
Interrelationship of Thermal Effects on Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate Casts Containing Borax and Kaolin: Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Contact Dilatometry

The core composition of gypsum wallboard is calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) with varying impurities, additives, or both. This study compares two commercially calcined sources of hemihydrate (CaSO4·½H2O) from a natural source and a synthetic by-product of flue gas desulfurization and neutralization to reagent grade hemihydrate. Two common ingredients, borax and kaolin, are mixed into a slurry with distilled water. The analysis supports the hypothesis that minor components in the cast have an effect on the high temperature performance of gypsum casts. The analysis is enhanced when the differential thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and dilatometry data are combined to study the changes in density versus heat flow. Specifically, the thermal performance is affected by (1) the impurities found in hemihydrate sources; (2) during the fluidization phase, the reaction of borax with free Ca++ ions to form new borate salts that melt at lower temperatures; and (3) the intercalation of these and other ions with kaolin, providing thermal stability by reducing the formation of thermally active salts.
Preparing Undergraduates for the Global Future of Health Care.

Background: Health professionals must be academically and experientially prepared regarding the social determinants of health to reduce health disparities at the global level. The emerging literature reflects a trend for incorporating global health competencies for health care. Specifically, recommendations from the Consortium of Universities for Global Health, National Academy of Medicine, and multiple nursing organizations encourage the inclusion of a global health curriculum. Objectives: To describe the development of an undergraduate global health certificate program and provide recommendations for the development of future global health programs. Findings: At the completion of the certificate program, students felt better prepared to apply course content to culturally diverse populations in low resource settings. Recommendations: Before developing a global health program, preconceived ideas about study abroad experiences and faculty concerns associated with course overload should be dispelled through evidence-based, educational sessions. Curricular time constraints in content-laden programs should be mitigated through an appropriate mix of e-learning formats. Last, a strong value must be placed on interprofessional education to facilitate capacity building through a bi-directional flow of knowledge and resources between the educational institution and the host country.
Piezoelectric wafer active sensors for sensing acoustic emission due to crack rubbing/clapping

Crack rubbing or clapping in metallic structures generates acoustic emission (AE) signals. Such AE signals need to be distinguished from AE signal due to fatigue crack growth event. AE signal due to crack rubbing or clapping of fatigue generated crack was studied for a plate specimen. 20 mm fatigue crack was generated in a 1 mm thick aluminum plate specimen. Vibration-induced excitation was performed on the specimen to induce crack faying surface-motion for AE signal generation. Various specimen resonances have different crack faying surface motions, which were studied from FEM analysis. Modeshapes and crack faying surface motions of the specimen are studied at 35 Hz and 180 Hz specimen resonances. AE signals at various specimen resonances were recorded by piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) and the recorded waveforms are analyzed to obtain AE signatures. At various specimen resonances, AE signals have different signatures due to the change in crack faying surface motions. AE recording was done by using multiple PWAS sensors placed at various distances from the crack. The difference in AE signals close to crack and distant from crack as well as the geometric spreading of AE signals originating due to crack rubbing was studied from multi-sensor experiments.
THYMINE MODIFICATIONS IN DNA AS MARKERS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE

Ionizing radiation causes modification of bases in DNA which may contribute to the cytotoxic and mutagenic properties of radiation (1,2). These modifications are thought to result from inter-interaction of the DNA bases with hydroxyl radicals derived from the radiolysis of water (1,3–7).
Gradient analysis of Markov-type control schemes and its applications

This paper presents formulas for gradients of the Average Run Length (ARL) and other Run Length characteristics by control scheme parameters, in the context of Markov Chain approach to analysis of ...
The Moral Rights Act of 2007:Finding the Melody in the Music

I.INTRODUCTION 181 II.THE HISTORY OF MORAL RIGHTS IN THE UNITED STATES 185 III.CURRENT STATE OF AFFAIRS 187 A. United States’ Reliance on Existing Legislation for Moral Rights Protection 187 B. Artists Contract with the Pirates 191 C. An Economic Paradigm Fails to Combat Piracy Problems 194 IV.ADDRESSING THE SOLUTION 195 A. Deficiencies in the Current Copyright Act 195 1. Expanding “Work of Visual Art” to Parallel Broader Terminology in the Copyright Act 195 2. Broadening the Moral Rights Offered to Mirror European Counterparts 197 3. Re-Writing Transfer and Waiver Provisions 199 4. Lengthening the Term 200 5. Draft Language: “THE MORAL RIGHTS ACT OF 2007” ....... 201 V.BILL OPPOSITION 204 A. The Recording Companies and Publishing Houses 204 B. Illegal Down-Loaders 205 C. Digital Sampling and Mashing Artists 206 VI.CONCLUSION 206
Pregnancy-Specific Liver Disorders: Preeclampsia and HELLP Syndrome

Preeclampsia is a condition characterized by new-onset elevation in blood pressure during pregnancy that is usually accompanied by proteinuria and often occurs alongside liver enzyme abnormalities. It is thought to be a precursor condition which places the pregnant female at risk for the ultimate development of a more insidious condition known as hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. HELLP is often a severe presentation that must be quickly recognized and treated to minimize risks for both the mother and fetus. This chapter will review both conditions as they relate to the scope of practice for a gastroenterologist and hepatologist.
The Most Powerful Medicine

Through the generosity of Charles R. Millikan, D. Min., vice president for Spiritual Care and Values Integration, an annual award competition was established at Houston Methodist Hospital among the resident staff. To enter the writing competition, residents must submit a poem or essay of 1,000 words or less on the topic, “On Being a Doctor.” A committee of seven was selected from Houston Methodist Hospital Education Institute to establish the judging criteria and select the winning entries. The following is the third-place winning entry for 2017.
Clinical features of patients with coronary artery disease and obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome

Objective To investgate the prevalence rate of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in patients with coronary artery disease(CAD) ,and to assess the clinical features of patients with OSAHS and CAD. Methods Polysomnography(PSG) monitoring was performed in all patients undergoing coronary angiography(CAG) from August 2007 to August 2008 in the Cardiovascular Disease Center of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital. The clinical features were recorded and analyzed. Results Angiography and PSG monitoring were performed in 310 consecutive inpatients. 231 patients were diagnosed as having CAD. There were 168 (72.73%) patients of the CAD patients who had OSAHS. Among the patients whose coronary angiography were negative, there were 52 (65.82%) patients who had OSAHS. There were significant differences of neck circumference, waist hip ratio, the frequences of nocturnal angina, nocturnal pilyuria, throat thirsty in the morning,and higher BMI between two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the frequences of nocturnal angina, nocturnal pilyuria, throat thristy in the morning and higher BMI were significant risk factors of the patients with CAD and OSAHS. Conclusions There is a high prevalence rate of OSAHS in patients with CAD,and PSG monitoring should be performed in patients with CAD,especially for patients with clinical features such as frequent nocturnal angina, nocturnal pilyuria, throat thirsty in the morning,and higher BMI. Key words: Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome; Coronary artery disease; Clinical features
Late-Stage Lead Diversification Coupled with Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Identify New Structure–Activity Relationship Vectors at Nanomole-Scale Synthesis: Application to Loratadine, a Human Histamine H1 Receptor Inverse Agonist

An experimental approach is described for late-stage lead diversification of frontrunner drug candidates using nanomole-scale amounts of lead compounds for structure-activity relationship development. The process utilizes C-H bond activation methods to explore chemical space by transforming candidates into newly functionalized leads. A key to success is the utilization of microcryoprobe nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which permits the use of low amounts of lead compounds (1-5 μmol). The approach delivers multiple analogues from a single lead at nanomole-scale amounts as DMSO-d6 stock solutions with a known structure and concentration for in vitro pharmacology and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion testing. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we have used the antihistamine agent loratadine (1). Twenty-six analogues of loratadine were isolated and fully characterized by NMR. Informative SAR analogues were identified, which display potent affinity for the human histamine H1 receptor and improved metabolic stability.
pHLARE: A Genetically Encoded Ratiometric Lysosome pH Biosensor

Abstract Many lysosome functions are determined by a lumenal pH of ~5.0, including the activity of resident acid-activated hydrolases. Lysosome pH (pHlys) is increased in neurodegenerative disorders and predicted to be decreased in cancers, making it a potential target for therapeutics to limit the progression of these diseases. Accurately measuring pHlys, however, is limited by currently used dyes that accumulate in multiple intracellular compartments and cannot be propagated in clonal cells for longitudinal studies or in vivo determinations. To resolve this limitation, we developed a genetically encoded ratiometric pHlys biosensor, pHLARE (pH Lysosomal Activity REporter), which localizes predominantly in lysosomes, has a dynamic range of pH 4.0 to 6.5, and can be stably expressed in cells. Using pHLARE we show decreased pHlys with inhibiting activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), in breast and pancreatic cancer cells compared with tissue-matched untransformed cells, and with the activated oncogene H-RasV12. pHLARE is a new tool to accurately measure pHlys, for improved understanding of lysosome dynamics that could be a promising therapeutic target. Summary Statement Most lysosome functions require a low lumenal pH, which is dysregulated in many human diseases. We report a new genetically biosensor to accurately measure lysosome pH dynamics, which we use to show decreased lysosome pH in cancer cell lines.