cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microbiological Evaluation of PCMX Complexes

The minimum inhibitory concentration of p -chloro- m -xylenol (PCMX) was established against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Aspergillus niger , using a serial dilution and a pour plate procedure. The inoculum size was standardized by absorbance of light at 450 mμ wavelength. The drug was subsequently complexed with methylcellulose, polyethylene glycol 6000, and polysorbate 80. A minimum inhibitory concentration for the drug against each of the microorganisms was established in the presence of varying concentrations of the macromolecules. The results demonstrated that in most cases the antimicrobial activity of PCMX was reduced in the presence of the macromolecules studied. Since it had been previously established that PCMX interacted with these molecules, it was concluded that the reduction in biological activity was a direct result of the molecular interaction.
Laser flash photolysis study of the reactions of carbonyl triplets with phenols and photochemistry of p-hydroxypropiophenone

The quenching of aromatic carbonyl triplets by phenols is a very fast process for both n,..pi..* and ..pi..,..pi..* states. Representative rate constants for benzophenone triplets in benzene are 1.3 x 10/sup 9/ (phenol) and 8.1 x 10/sup 8/ (m-fluorophenol) M/sup -1/ s/sup -1/, while for p-methoxypropiophenone the values are 4.9 x 10/sup 9/ and 5.0 x 10/sup 9/ M/sup -1/ s/sup -1/ for the same pair of substrates; 18 different phenols were examined. The rate constants are smaller in wet acetonitrile as a result of hydrogen bonding; for example for the benzophenone-phenol system we measured 8.0 x 10/sup 7/ M/sup -1/ s/sup -1/. Isotope effects are larger for p-methoxypropiophenone than for benzophenone: for example in the case of phenol the values of k/sub H//k/sub D/ are 3.9 and 1.2, respectively (in wet acetonitrile). The quenching reaction leads to the efficient, but not quantitative, formation of phenoxy and ketyl radicals, with the only exception of p-nitrophenl where the process involves electronic energy transfer. The temperature dependence of a few representative systems, as well as the quenching by methyl ethers of similar structure, has also been examined. The photochemistry of p-hydroxypropiophenone is characterized by efficient self-quenching involving a head-to-tail hydrogen-transfer reaction.
“Certain Death” from Storm Surge: A Comparative Study of Household Responses to Warnings about Hurricanes Rita and Ike

AbstractThis study examines the effect of an unusual “certain death” warning message on Galveston, Harris, and Jefferson County, Texas, residents’ expectations of storm surge damage and evacuation decisions during Hurricane Ike. The effect of this message was tested by comparing questionnaire data collected after Hurricane Ike to similar data collected 3 yr earlier after Hurricane Rita. If the certain death message had an effect, one would expect nonsignificant differences in perceptions of the two storms’ surge threats because the category 2 storm (Ike) had a surge that was more characteristic of a category 5 storm (Rita). However, the ratings of the storm surge threat for Ike were significantly lower than those for Rita in Galveston County—the point of landfall. Moreover, evacuation rates for Ike were consistently lower than those for Rita in all three counties, and there were no statistically significant differences between storms in the correlations of expected storm surge damage with evacuation decis...
Optimum transmission of continuous signal over a sampled data link

THE PRESENCE of a sampler in a data transmission link necessarily introduces an error because of frequency aliasing, and a problem solved in the present paper is how to minimize the mean-square value of this error by linear filtering before and after sampling. An equation for determining the least-mean-square value of this error is also derived.
Particle and substrate losses from Teflon® and quartz filters

Abstract Teflon® and quartz particulate matter samples were collected at two special study sites. In order to estimate changes in mass corresponding to the various filter handling operations (for TSP and PM 10 samples), changes in both controlled and shipped filter weights were monitored at predetermined stages of the filter handling process. The study data indicate that folding the quartz filters did not significantly change the filter mass even if the filter broke along the seam. A weight loss was noted following shipment of the TSP quartz filters but not the corresponding PM 10 quartz filters. Volatilization losses were also noted with the high volume samples collected at one city. Based on mass determinations, the quartz filters did not appear to be affected by passive artifact formation. No significant weight change occurred in the routine handling of the study dichotomous Teflon® filters. The results indicate that quartz and Teflon® filter media can be used in future particulate monitoring programs.
Implications of quantum chromodynamic sum rules for sizes of nucleon and Δ baryon

The residues of the nucleon and $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ baryon poles in the baryonic current propagator are evaluated for the MIT and chiral bag models. It is found that the values obtained with a bag radius of 0.8 to 1 fm match those predicted by the quantum chromodynamic sum rules which take into account the chiral structure of the physical vacuum state. Smaller bag radii give increasingly poorer agreement.
EFFECTS OF GROUNDWATER VELOCITY ON SAMPLING INTERVALS FOR CONTAMINANT-DETECTION NETWORKS IN AQUIFERS

This study evaluated how groundwater velocity affects the sampling interval of a groundwater monitoring network and its ability to intercept contaminant plumes before reaching a buffer zone boundary. A computer simulation model tested the detection capability of a groundwater-monitoring network in different groundwater velocity settings. A 0.4-m/d velocity registered a maximum sampling interval of four months. By comparison, decreasing the velocity to 0.04 m/d resulted in a 3-year maximum sampling interval. Groundwater velocity exerts a strong control on the maximum sampling interval of contaminant detection networks in aquifers. Assigning an arbitrary sampling interval, that does not take into account a site's hydrogeology, could waste financial resources or allow contaminants to reach a buffer zone boundary without being detected.
Using macromedia flash for electronic presentations: a new alternative.

OBJECTIVE. This article provides a step-by-step tutorial for creating electronic presentations using Macromedia Shockwave Flash, one of the recommended file formats for many radiologic society annual meetings, including the American Roentgen Ray Society (ARRS).CONCLUSION. Although Flash and PowerPoint can be used for creating presentation slide shows, Flash is more appropriate for integrating and delivering animations for Internet applications such as radiologic electronic presentations. For this reason, detailed step-by-step instructions for creating Flash slide shows with common features such as text, images, arrows, buttons, movie loops, and transitions are provided. The approach used in this article is particularly appropriate for academic radiologists who have basic PowerPoint skills but lack programming experience.
Upconversion laser in BaY 2 F 8 :Er 5% pumped by ground-state and excited-state absorption

Upconversion laser emission has been achieved in BaY2F8:Er 5% by pumping of either the ground state or an excited state of the Er3+ ion. The initial excitation step has been identified with precise measurement data of the Stark level structure of the Er3+ ion in this system. Small increments in the pump wavelength can cause the laser to switch from laser operation in the blue to laser operation in the green because of changes in the specific pumping pathway.
Learning Social Infectivity in Sparse Low-rank Networks Using Multi-dimensional Hawkes Processes

How will the behaviors of individuals in a social network be influenced by their neighbors, the authorities and the communities in a quantitative way? Such critical and valuable knowledge is unfortunately not readily accessible and we tend to only observe its manifestation in the form of recurrent and time-stamped events occurring at the individuals involved in the social network. It is an important yet challenging problem to infer the underlying network of social inference based on the temporal patterns of those historical events that we can observe. In this paper, we propose a convex optimization approach to discover the hidden network of social influence by modeling the recurrent events at different individuals as multidimensional Hawkes processes, emphasizing the mutual-excitation nature of the dynamics of event occurrence. Furthermore, our estimation procedure, using nuclear and l1 norm regularization simultaneously on the parameters, is able to take into account the prior knowledge of the presence of neighbor interaction, authority influence, and community coordination in the social network. To efficiently solve the resulting optimization problem, we also design an algorithm ADM4 which combines techniques of alternating direction method of multipliers and majorization minimization. We experimented with both synthetic and real world data sets, and showed that the proposed method can discover the hidden network more accurately and produce a better predictive model than several baselines.
Detection of regional temporal abnormalities in left ventricular function during acute myocardial ischemia.

Echocardiographic diagnosis of myocardial ischemia is based on visualizing hypokinesis, which occurs late in the ischemic cascade. We hypothesized that temporal changes in endocardial motion may co...
The dynamics of acute malaria infections. I. Effect of the parasite's red blood cell preference

What determines the dynamics of parasite and anaemia during acute primary malaria infections? Why do some strains of malaria reach higher densities and cause greater anaemia than others? The conventional view is that the fastest replicating parasites reach the highest densities and cause the greatest loss of red blood cells (RBCs). Other current hypotheses suggest that the maximum parasite density is achieved by strains that either elicit the weakest immune responses or infect the youngest RBCs (reticulocytes). Yet another hypothesis is a simple resource limitation model where the peak parasite density and the maximum anaemia (percentage loss of RBCs) during the acute phase of infection equal the fraction of RBCs that the malaria parasite can infect. We discriminate between these hypotheses by developing a mathematical model of acute malaria infections and confronting it with experimental data from the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium chabaudi. We show that the resource limitation model can explain the initial dynamics of infection of mice with different strains of this parasite. We further test the model by showing that without modification it closely reproduces the dynamics of competing strains in mixed infections of mice with these strains of P. chabaudi. Our results suggest that a simple resource limitation is capable of capturing the basic features of the dynamics of both parasite and RBC loss during acute malaria infections of mice with P. chabaudi, suggesting that it might be worth exploring if similar results might hold for other acute malaria infections, including those of humans.
MicroRNAs in mammalian development.

Development in mammals is a complex process requiring gene expression to be spatially and temporally well-regulated. Factors modulate gene functioning by controlling transcription, translation, or mRNA degradation. microRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small RNA molecules (∼22 nucleotides) that attenuate gene activity posttranscriptionally by suppressing translation or destabilizing mRNAs. miRNAs have been recently validated to regulate many animal developmental events including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Many miRNAs display intriguing expression and functioning patterns throughout these pathways. Here we will review achievements to date about studies of how miRNAs affect a variety of animal developmental transitions, from the formation of early embryos to the generation of highly specialized tissues. Birth Defects Research (Part C) 78:129–139, 2006. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Kosten‐ und energieoptimierte Raumerlebnishäuser

Der Trend zur preiswerten Immobilie wird fur den Wohnungsbau bestimmend. Die Planer mussen deshalb – bei noch akzeptabler architektonischer Qualitat – erhebliche Anstrengungen fur die notwendigen Kostenreduzierungen unternehmen. Hilfreich sind dabei verschiedene innovative Entwicklungen, wie z. B. die “Fastfertigteilprodukte”. Im folgenden werden beispielhaft drei Neubausysteme und ein Sanierungsmodell vorgestellt, die den Anforderungen an kostengunstiges, bauphysikalisch hochwertiges und architektonisch ansprechendes Bauen in hohem Mase entsprechen.
A Program for Improving Energy Conservation Behaviors in Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis

This paper presents the design and evaluation of an occupational therapy program developed at the National Institutes of Health for teaching energy conservation and joint protection to adults with rheumatoid arthritis. An existing model for educational diagnosis in health education was used to identify program, behavioral, and educational objectives for the new program. The use of this model resulted in measurable objectives, which were used as outcome measures in the randomized research evaluation of the new program. The dependent variables measured were activity-of-daily-living status, psychosocial adjustment to illness, knowledge, disease activity, pain, and fatigue. None were significantly different after the intervention. The independent variables measured included components of balancing rest and physical activity. After 3 months, a greater percentage of the subjects receiving the workbook-based occupational therapy program than those receiving traditional occupational therapy demonstrated an application of the behaviors the intervention was designed to change.
Classification accuracy of multiple visual spatial measures in the detection of suspect effort.

A wide variety of cognitive measures, particularly memory measures, have been studied for their ability to detect suspect effort, or biased responding on neuropsychological assessment instruments. However, visual spatial measures have received less attention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the classification accuracy of several commonly used visual spatial measures, including the Judgment of Line Orientation Test, the Benton Facial Recognition Test, the Hooper Visual Organization Test, and the Rey Complex Figure Test-Copy and Recognition trials. Participants included 491 consecutive referrals who participated in a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment and met study criteria. Participants were divided into two groups identified as either unbiased responding (UR, N = 415) or biased responding (BR, N = 30) based on their performance on two measures of effort. The remaining participants (N = 46) had discrepant performance on the symptom validity measures and were excluded from further analysi...
dbGaP Data Access Requests: A Call for Greater Transparency

The scientific and public health benefits of mandatory data-sharing mechanisms must be actively demonstrated. To this end, we manually reviewed 2724 data access requests approved between June 2007 and August 2010 through the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information database of genotypes and phenotypes (dbGaP). Our analysis demonstrates that dbGaP enables a wide range of secondary research by investigators from academic, governmental, and nonprofit and for-profit institutions in the United States and abroad. However, limitations in public reporting preclude the tracing of outcomes from secondary research to longer-term translational benefit.
A man with drug-induced psychosis attempts to swallow his cellular phone

A 35 year-old man with no signiﬁcant past medical historypresented to the emergency department (ED) after abusingphencyclidine (PCP). Responding to command auditoryhallucinations, he attempted to swallow his 4 cm 9 8cmsmartphone. On arrival, he was agitated but alert, handlinghis secretions poorly and in moderate respiratory distress.An electronic device was clearly protruding from hisoropharynx. He was tachypneic (24 respirations/min) withan oxygen saturation of 92 % on room air, a heart rate of131 beatsperminuteandabloodpressureof137/64 mmHg.Emergency physicians immediately attempted toremove the device with Magill forceps, but were unsuc-cessful. A ‘‘trauma code’’ was announced bringing a sur-gical intensivist, an anesthesiologist, and appropriatenursing staff to the bedside, while simultaneously indicat-ing that an operating room (OR) should be prepared. Thepatient was emergently transported to the OR and ‘‘doubleprepped’’ for both emergent cricothyrotomy and oropha-ryngeal intubation. The device was successfully removedunder procedural sedation without the need for surgicalintervention. A mucosal tear was noted in the posteriorpharynx. The patient became markedly agitated post-pro-cedure, and, given the recent trauma, was intubated forairway protection. He subsequently developed bilateralpneumothoraces and signiﬁcant subcutaneous emphysemathroughout his neck and upper torso.Diagnosis: Posterior pharyngeal rupture and bilateralpneumothoraces following attempted foreign body inges-tion (Fig. 1). Computerized tomography of the neck andchest revealed a defect in the posterior wall of the oro-pharynx at the C2 level, along with signiﬁcant mediastinalair and right-greater-than-left pneumothoraces. The patientwas treated with a right-sided chest tube and was observedin the intensive care unit. He was treated for 7 days withbroad-spectrum antibiotics, speciﬁcally, piperacillin andtazobactam. He did not require surgical repair of the pha-ryngeal defect and was discharged from the hospital2 weeks later.
Managing transformational change: the role of human resource professionals

In the past decade human resource management issues featured prominently in debates over the competitiveness and human resource professionals were expected to ascend to positions of greater influence in corporate strategy making and implementation. Despite numerous calls for a paradigm shift towards a more ‘strategic’ focus for human resource management research, developments in both practice and research fell far short of expectations. Thus, the process of transforming human resource policy into a strategic asset for employees, individual firms or the American economy is not yet complete. The paper suggests that the ‘strategic’ human resource management models of the 1980s were too limited and reactive in character because they depended so heavily on the values, strategies and support of top executives and line managers. A model capable of achieving sustained and transformational change needs to incorporate more active roles of other stakeholders in the employment relationship, including government, empl...
Earth regeneration of solar neutrinos at SNO and Super-Kamiokande

We analyze the 1258-day Super-Kamiokande day and night solar neutrino energy spectra with various ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ definitions. The best-fit lies in the large mixing angle (LMA) region at $(\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}^{2},{\mathrm{tan}}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta})=(5.01\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}{\mathrm{eV}}^{2},0.60),$ independently of whether systematic errors are included in the ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}$ definition. We compare the exclusion and allowed regions from the different definitions and choose the most suitable definition to predict the regions from SNO at the end of three years of data accumulation. We first work under the assumption that Super-Kamiokande ``sees'' a flux-suppressed flat energy spectrum. Then, we consider the possibility of each one of the three Mikheyer-Smirnov-Wolfenstein regions being the solution to the solar neutrino problem. We find that the exclusion and allowed regions for the flat spectrum hypothesis and the LMA and low probability, low mass solutions are alike. In three years, we expect SNO to find very similar regions to that obtained by Super-Kamiokande. We evaluate whether the zenith angle distribution at SNO with optimum binning will add anything to the analysis of the day and night spectra; for comparison, we show the results of our analysis of the 1258-day zenith angle distribution from Super-Kamiokande, for which the best-fit parameters are $(\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}^{2},{\mathrm{tan}}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta})=(5.01\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}{\mathrm{eV}}^{2},0.56).$
Automatic categorization of query results

Exploratory ad-hoc queries could return too many answers - a phenomenon commonly referred to as "information overload". In this paper, we propose to automatically categorize the results of SQL queries to address this problem. We dynamically generate a labeled, hierarchical category structure - users can determine whether a category is relevant or not by examining simply its label; she can then explore just the relevant categories and ignore the remaining ones, thereby reducing information overload. We first develop analytical models to estimate information overload faced by a user for a given exploration. Based on those models, we formulate the categorization problem as a cost optimization problem and develop heuristic algorithms to compute the min-cost categorization.
'Necessary,' 'Proper,' and Health Care Reform

Chief Justice John Roberts argued, in NFIB v. Sebelius, that the Affordable Care Act exceeded Congress’s commerce power. The individual mandate to purchase insurance was not authorized by the Necessary and Proper Clause, he reasoned, because it involved a “great substantive and independent power.” He did not explain how one could tell what constituted such a power. This limitation was worked out in more detail by amici, and Roberts may have been gesturing toward their argument. This essay will look to the antecedents of Roberts’s argument to try to make better sense of what he said. This strategy will fail. There is no way to make this argument look good. It is a placeholder for a raw intuition that the law’s trivial burden on individuals was intolerable, an outrageous invasion of liberty, even when the alternative was a regime in which millions were needlessly denied decent medical care.
Calculation of the angular radiance distribution for a coupled atmosphere and canopy

The radiative transfer equations for a coupled atmosphere and canopy are solved numerically be an improved Gauss-Seidel iteration algorithm. The radiation field is decomposed into three components: unscattered sunlight, single scattering, and multiple scattering radiance for which the corresponding equations and boundary conditions are set up and their analytical or iterational solutions are explicitly derived. This algorithm enables one to obtain the internal radiation field as well as radiances at boundaries. Any form of bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) as a boundary conditon can be easily incorporated into the iteration procedure. The upwelling radiances have been evaluated for different atmospheric conditions, leaf area index (LAI), leaf angle distribution (LAD), leaf size and so on. The formulation presented is also well suited for analyzing the relative magnitude of multiple scattering radiance and single scattering radiance in both the visible and near-infrared regions. >
Late Quaternary paleoclimatology and paleooceanography of the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay: an alternative viewpoint

Previous interpretations of Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay sediment cores were hampered by failure to recognize that the presence of small (62–149 μm) specimens of ‘subpolar’ planktic foraminifera in high-latitude marine sediments is primarily a function of the geochemistry of the water column and/or sediments rather than an indicator of environmental conditions in overlying surface waters. Assuming this rationale is correct, foraminiferal data from core HU75–42 indicate that surface conditions in the Labrador Sea were characterized by polar waters, with probable year-round sea-ice cover, throughout most of the period from isotope stage 5a to Termination I. The single exception to this sustained cold history for the eastern Labrador Sea was a transient pulse that apparently brought relatively warm, subpolar waters to the eastern Labrador Sea for a short (probably < 600 years) interval at the isotope stage 5a/4 transition.
A constant bound for the periods of parallel chip-firing games with many chips

We prove that any parallel chip-firing game on a graph G with at least 4|E(G)| − |V(G)| chips stabilizes, i.e., such a game has eventual period of length 1. Furthermore, we obtain a polynomial bound on the number of rounds before stabilization. This result is a counterpoint to previous results which showed that the eventual periods of parallel chip-firing games with few chips need not be polynomially bounded.
Epilepsy imaging in adults: getting it right

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to describe an MRI protocol optimized for epilepsy evaluation, common causes of epilepsy visualized on MR images of patients evaluated for medically intractable partial epilepsy, and the basic concepts of advanced imaging techniques in the evaluation of epilepsy. CONCLUSION. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic disorders in the United States. The long-term seizure-free success of epilepsy surgery is related to the ability to define and completely resect the epileptogenic zone. Detection of structural lesions at preoperative imaging requires not only a dedicated epilepsy protocol but also meticulous examination of the images by the interpreting radiologist with particular attention to subtle abnormalities that might otherwise go unreported.
Hybrid electrodialysis reverse osmosis system design and its optimization for treatment of highly saline brines

AbstractThe demand is rising for desalination technologies to treat highly saline brines arising from hydraulic fracturing processes and inland desalination. Interest is growing in the use of electrical desalination technologies for this application. The hybridization of electrodialysis (ED) with reverse osmosis (RO) allows high salinities (beyond the range of RO alone) to be reached while avoiding the operation of ED with a low conductivity diluate stream. Such hybrid systems have been experimentally investigated for concentrates from brackish and seawater desalination. However, progress is required in the modelling and optimization of hybrid systems at higher concentrations. A novel hybrid arrangement of counterflow ED systems with reverse osmosis is presented to concentrate a saline feed at 120 ppt. The system is considered from the perspective of efficiency, membrane productivity and the levelised cost of water, with emphasis on the optimisation of current density. In contrast to brackish ED systems, ...
Privileged but pressured? A study of affluent youth.

The purpose of this study was to build on preliminary findings of unusually high internalizing symptoms and substance use among suburban high school students. The sample consisted of 302 sixth- and seventh-grade students in an affluent, suburban community. Findings corroborated expectations regarding several domains of vulnerability, showing (1) high rates of clinically significant depressive symptoms among older girls, (2) significant links between various internalizing symptoms and substance use among both boys and girls, and (3) peers' approval of substance use among older boys. In exploring potential causes of distress in this suburban sample, associations were found for achievement pressures (particularly excessive perfectionistic strivings), and isolation from parents (particularly low perceived closeness to mothers). Findings of this study are discussed in terms of widespread stereotypes about affluent families, as well as implications for future research and preventive interventions for a subgroup of youth typically viewed as being at "low risk."
What is the crisis? Defining and prioritizing the world's most pressing problems

As consensus grows regarding the unprecedented global environmental challenges we currently face, so too does the notion that publicly funded science has a duty to dedicate resources toward overcoming these challenges. In order for scientists to shift attention and resources to the most pressing global problems, we must first enumerate these issues and establish consensus across academia as to the importance and feasibility of solving them. To this end, we have applied concept mapping to a large and diverse pool of disciplinary experts – the entire faculty of Cornell University – to empirically assess their opinions on what our most pressing global crises are, how they relate to one another, and how feasible it would be to solve them. We (1) define what Cornell University faculty see as the most pressing problems of our day, (2) sort them into relevant, modern “disciplines”, and (3) rate them according to both their importance and the feasibility of solving them. This study reveals broad consensus across ...
Spatial Scales of Stress-Carrying Nearshore Turbulence*

Measurements from a horizontal array of velocity sensors indicate that the alongshore scales of turbulence contributing to the near-bottom Reynolds stress just seaward of the surf zone on an ocean beach range from 0 to approximately 4 times the height of the measurements above the seafloor, with shorter scales during stable stratification than during neutral or unstable stratification. The dependence of alongshore turbulence scales on the stratification, Reynolds stress, and height above the bottom is consistent with semiempirical results from the atmospheric surface layer, implying similar dynamics of near-boundary turbulence in the atmosphere and the shallow coastal ocean.
Degradation of Phytic Acid and Soy Protein in Soy Meal via Co‑fermentation of Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus ficuum

The usage of soy meal (SM) as a protein source for young monogastric animals is limited by the presence of antinutritional factors. To address this problem, fermentation was applied to simultaneously degrade phytic acid and soy protein in SM. Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 9362) and Aspergillus ficuum (ATCC 66876), sources of protease and thermostable phytase, respectively, were co-fermented using a two-stage temperature protocol: 36.5 °C (0–28 h), then 50 °C (28–40 h). The two-stage co-fermentation approach achieved a 17 % increase of phytic acid degradation compared to A. oryzae fermentation and 72 % increase in protein degree of hydrolysis (DH) compared to A. ficuum fermentation. The two-stage temperature fermentation produced a 27 % increase in phytic acid degradation and 90 % increase in DH compared to a single-stage fermentation. The fermented SM with reduced levels of antinutritional factors would serve as high quality feedstuff.
Should I Give Grandma An iPod For Christmas? Music Consumption Behavior In The Digital Age

Ryan has to help an aspiring tribute artist learn how to best market his music to the elderly market. He does so by collecting data via internet research, sales analysis, field observation, and a survey. The case requires students to evaluate the quality of the research conducted and then provide marketing direction. The case could be used in the following undergraduate or graduate courses: marketing research, principles of marketing, marketing strategy, consumer behavior.
Selective Toxicity of Investigational Ixazomib for Human Leukemia Cells Expressing Mutant Cytoplasmic NPM1: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species

Purpose: This study was performed to determine whether the investigational proteasome inhibitor ixazomib demonstrated selective antineoplastic activity against acute myelogenous leukemia cells expressing a mutated nucleophosmin-1 gene and to gain a better understanding of its mechanisms of action. Experimental Design: The cytotoxic effects of ixazomib treatment were analyzed in human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cell lines and primary AML samples expressing wild-type or mutated NPM1 (NPMc + ). The potential roles of oxidative stress in mediating cytotoxic activity were determined using flow cytometry, enzyme-based assays, and Western blots. Results: Apoptosis induced by ixazomib was abrogated by knockdown of NPM1/NPMc + expression using an inducible shRNA construct and enhanced by NPMc + overexpression. Cytotoxicity was associated with superoxide generation and was reduced by the addition of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. AML cells expressing NPMc + had significantly reduced levels of intracellular glutathione and NADPH associated with reduced antioxidant responses to drug treatment. Treatment of 3 patients with relapsed NPMc + AML resulted in an antileukemic effect in 1 patient as demonstrated by a marked reduction of leukemic blasts in the peripheral blood. Efficacy was associated with superoxide generation, reduced glutathione levels, and reduced mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant effectors in responding cells. Conclusions: In this study, a direct association was observed between NPMc + expression in AML, reduced antioxidant responses, and enhanced sensitivity to an oral proteasome inhibitor that induces oxidative stress. These data suggest that intracellular determinants of antioxidant responses may be good predictors of therapeutic response to ixazomib. Clin Cancer Res; 22(8); 1978–88. ©2015 AACR .
Results after Replantation and Revascularization in the Upper Extremity in Children

The rates of survival of the amputated part and the functional outcomes were studied retrospectively after seventy-three replantations and eighty-nine revascularizations in the upper extremity in 120 children. All operations were performed between January 1974 and December 1988 after partial and complete amputations at various levels. The ages of the patients ranged from three days to sixteen years. The average duration of follow-up was thirty-six months (range, fourteen months to seven years) for the patients who had had a replantation and thirty months (range, fourteen months to eight years) for the patients who had had a revascularization. The rate of survival of the amputated part was significantly higher (p < 0.0002) after revascularization (seventy-eight parts [88 per cent]) than after replantation (forty-six parts [63 per cent]). There was no association, for either group, between survival and the preoperative duration of ischemia, the level of the injury, the digit that had been injured, the number of arteries that had been repaired, or the use of venous grafts. The rate of survival after replantation of completely amputated parts was 72 per cent (twenty-eight of thirty-nine parts) when the amputation had resulted from a laceration injury and 53 per cent (eighteen of thirty-four parts) when the amputation had resulted from a crush or an avulsion injury. The rate of survival after revascularization of incompletely amputated parts was 100 per cent (all forty-five parts) when the injury had been the result of a laceration and 75 per cent (thirty-three of forty-four parts) when it had been the result of a crush or an avulsion. We did not find any relationship between the age of the patient and the rate of survival of the amputated part after revascularization; however, there was a significantly higher rate of survival (p , 0.02) after replantation in children who were less than nine years old (77 per cent [twenty-four of thirty-one parts]) compared with the rate in those who were nine to sixteen years old (52 per cent [twenty-two of forty-two parts]). The viability of the digit was in jeopardy after twenty-nine (40 per cent) of the seventy-three replantations and nineteen (21 per cent) of the eighty-nine revascularizations. Immediate reoperation resulted in the salvage of only two of the twenty-one replanted parts and six of the twelve revascularized parts that had a reoperation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Reflection on Discourse in Thinking: Conversation on a Country Path About Thinking

In this reflective essay, the author sublimates the ecological environment into an educational environment.In doing this, I quote and explain important quotations and concepts in Heidegger's (1966) Discourse in Thinking conversation pertinent to real life situations on social and educational issues affecting the regional learning environment in a given educational organization. These issues call for serious thinking, involvement, and willingness to participate and reify symbols of a collective vision in the organization, thus leading to the actualization and success of such vision in the organizational environment. In addition, I emphasize these concepts in the conversation such as: thinking, willing, non-willing, re-presenting, negation, difficult, releasement, weaning, "transcendental-horizontal" re-presenting and others. Also, I relate these concepts to multicultural education theory and open systems theory as postmodern collective visions for leaders to think, and be willing to participate with to re-present or reify academic success of students in the educational (ecological) environment. The ecological environment in this thinking is sublimated into the classroom's ecology -- the learning and teaching environment in outdoor science education.
'The Bishop is Governor Here': The Migration of Power to the Catholic Church in Tshumbe, DRC

Many commentators have noted the increasing empowerment of Christian leaders in recent African politics (cf. Gifford 1998 & 2004, Marshall 2009, Hackett & Smith 2012). A case in point is the Catholic Church in the Democratic Republic of Congo. After a history of Belgian colonial and Mobutuist attempts to co-opt the church, Catholic leaders emerged over the past two decades as political brokers (e.g., Laurent Monsengwo & the early 1990s SNC) and martyrs of resistance during the Congolese war (e.g., Christophe Munzihirwa and Emmanuel Kataliko in Bukavu). In turn, the Catholic Church has provided the lion's share of recent medical, educational and infrastructural development in many rural communities. The proposed paper examines the Diocese of Tshumbe in central Congo, one example of this continuing migration of power to the church. Here I analyze the social contributions of grassroots small Christian communities known as Communautes Ecclesiales Vivantes de Base (CEVBs), the diocesan Justice and Peace Commission, and Mgr. Nicholas Djomo, the local ordinary and president of the Congolese bishops' conference. In explaining the church's social influence, I highlight the importance of Catholic international connections, the close relationships between church leaders and the local people, and the power of Christian theological rhetoric.
The Effect of Income on Long Term Care Insurance Coverage

We estimate the effect of income on the prevalence of private long-term care insurance coverage in the United States using exogenous variation in Social Security payments created by the Social Security Benefits notch. Data are from the 1995 wave of the Assets and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) survey. Our estimates suggest that the absolute effect of income on long-term care insurance coverage is small. Thus, reductions in Social Security benefits, such as those proposed to ensure the future solvency of the Social Security program, should not significantly reduce the fraction of elderly households with long-term care insurance coverage.
John S. Strauss and schizophrenia: Early discovery, lasting impact

ABSTRACTEarly in his career, John S. Strauss conducted a remarkable series of studies that challenged contemporary views of schizophrenia. He challenged the disease entity view, deconstructed the clinical syndrome into separate domains of psychopathology, made a compelling case for viewing psychopathology on a continuum that extended into normal behavior, showed that areas of dysfunction had their own developmental trajectories and were not accounted for by psychotic symptoms. He provided evidence that narrow definitions of schizophrenia, based on special symptoms such as Schneiderian symptoms of first rank, did not capture Kraepelin's concept of dementia praecox and that these symptoms lacked prognostic validity and were not unique to persons with a schizophrenia diagnosis. These studies, hotly debated at that time, have been validated and are now common knowledge. Strauss' concepts are represented in today's emphasis on symptom dimensions, the explicit recognition of clinical syndromes with porous diagn...
A Space of Loss: The Vietnam Veterans Memorial

Few published essays have explored the way in which the Vietnam Veterans Memorial actually communicates with visitors. This article explores the memorial as a “linking object,” as conceived by psyc...
Computer Skills Deemed Necessary for Entry-Level Medical Technologists

In an effort to guide curriculum planners in medical technology programs, a needs assessment was conducted by distributing a written questionnaire to laboratory managers and supervisors statewide. In response to the request to rate 14 different computer topics in relation to the perceived need to be included in an undergraduate computer course for medical technology students, the top four topics were (I) instruction on how to use a computer terminal, (2) introduction to laboratory information systems, (3) introduction to computer usage in laboratory management, ie, inventory, workload recording, and quality control, and (4) instruction on how a computer functions, ie, hardware, software, and memory. Incorporation of the survey results into existing medical technology programs should provide properly targeted computer instruction that ultimately should produce more appropriately trained entry-level technologists.
Hand Preference and Difference Patterns Using the Available Motions Inventory (AMI)

Previous literature in the area of hand preference and performance difference using a variety of tasks were analyzed. There is a clear need for assessing hand preference with an objective and quantitative task performance system which is industrially relevant. The Available Motions Inventory (AMI) was administered to 80 subjects with a computerized data acquisition system. Hand preference was established using normalized AMI subtest scores. An analysis of variance was performed to detect the effects of hand preference and gender on the AMI subtest scores. Subsequently, t-test and correlation analyses were used to further analyze the differential effects of hand preference and gender on the AMI subtest scores and subtest categories.
The predictive value of computed tomography in the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip.

The use of computed tomography (CT) to confirm femoral head position after closed reduction and spica cast immobilization in the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) has become a common practice. We retrospectively reviewed postreduction CT scans of 38 children younger than 24 months of age with unilateral DDH to determine whether they could predict acetabular remodeling potential. The measurements analyzed from the postreduction CT scans were the acetabular index, axial acetabular index, anterior and posterior acetabular angles, acetabular anteversion, and axial reduction index; the standard acetabular index was measured from the plain radiographs. The average age at reduction was I I months and at follow-up was 61 months. No angle measured on the postreduction CT scan was found to be predictive of acetabular remodeling.
Diffusion of Hydrogen in Vanadium-Based BCC Alloys

A resistiometric technique for measurement of large diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in metals is described. Diffusion is along the length of a foil (7.0 cm × 0.15 cm × 100 μm) which has been loaded electrolytically to a hydrogen concentration of approximately 0.5 atomic per cent. Initially the hydrogen is held at a uniform concentration in essentially half the length of the foil by the effect of a DC electrotransport current of 2500 A/cm2 in the other half. After this current is removed, the diffusion of H into the empty half is monitored by its effect on the resistivity of the foil. The sensitivity to hydrogen concentration is better than ± l0ppm. Recovery of equilibrium resistivity at essentially one point in the foil measures recovery of equilibrium hydrogen concentration because of the linear dependence of resistivity upon concentration. Good fits to the diffusion equation are obtained though 99 percent of full recovery. Values of diffusion coefficients of 1H and 2H have been measured in the vanadium-based BCC alloy system, V-Ti and V-Cr up to about ten percent Ti and Cr. Before adding hydrogen, the V-Ti foils are purified and annealed at 1800°K in a pure argon atmosphere using electrotransport to remove O, N, and C impurities. V-Cr foils are annealed in a similar way but cannot be similarly purified because of high Cr vapor pressure at the temperature needed for electrotransport. The addition of Ti or Cr to V causes an increase in the activation energy of diffusion for both hydrogen isotopes.
Losartan did not differ from captopril for reducing all-cause mortality after acute myocardial infarction.

Source Citation Dickstein K, Kjekshus J. Effects of losartan and captopril on mortality and morbidity in high-risk patients after acute myocardial infarction: the OPTIMAAL randomised trial. Optimal...
Úlceras por presión en pacientes ingresados en Medicina Interna: factores asociados y mortalidad

Resumen Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia de las ulceras por presion en pacientes hospitalizados en Medicina Interna y los factores clinicos y riesgo de muerte asociados a su presencia. Pacientes y metodos Estudio prospectivo de cohortes con pacientes ingresados en Medicina Interna. Se recogieron la edad, sexo, presencia de ulceras por presion, grado de la ulcera, indice de Barthel, escala de Norton, categoria diagnostica mayor, duracion de la estancia hospitalaria y peso del grupo relacionado de diagnostico. Se compararon las caracteristicas clinicas de los pacientes con o sin ulceras y se analizo la mortalidad al cabo de 3 anos en funcion de la presencia de ulceras. Resultados Se incluyeron 699 pacientes, de los que 100 (14,3%) presentaron ulceras por presion (27 de grado I , 17 de grado II , 21 de grado III , 25 de grado IV y 10 de grado no conocido). El indice de Barthel (OR 0,985 IC95% 0,972-0,998; p = 0,022) y la escala de Norton (OR 0,873 IC95% 0,780-0,997; p = 0,018) se asociaron de forma independiente con las ulceras. Durante el ingreso fallecieron el 23% de los pacientes con ulceras, al cabo de un ano el 68% y a los 3 anos el 83%. La presencia de ulceras por presion se asocio de forma independiente con la mortalidad (HR 1,531, IC95% 1,140-2,056, p = 0,005). Conclusiones Las ulceras por presion son frecuentes en los pacientes hospitalizados en Medicina Interna y su presencia se asocia con mayor mortalidad a corto, medio y largo plazo.
Interfacial modifiers for enhanced stability and reduced degradation of Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 devices

Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) degradation is a known failure mode in thin-film photovoltaic (PV) devices through mechanisms such as resistivity increase and delamination. Here we apply thin interfacial modifiers to aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) to mitigate damp heat induced degradation of electrical performance. Additionally, we demonstrate that these modifiers can be applied to the AZO front contact of a Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 device without significantly degrading the device performance, a promising step towards improving the lifetime performance.