cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SOS response induced by DNA damage in Mycobacterium smegmatis

Objective To investigate the induction of an SOS response in Mycobacteriumsmegmatis exposed to DNA damage. Methods M.smegmatis was chosen as a model mycobacterium.M.smegmatis was tested for DNA damage by ultraviolet(UV)radiation and antibiotics.The UV sensitivity of M.smegmatis was determined based on the effect that UV irradiation had on survival.The minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)of the antibiotics rifampicin and ofloxacin for M.smegmatis were determined using double dilution.After UV irradiation or treatment with a sub-inhibitory concentration(1/2 MIC)of each antibiotic,RNA was extracted from each culture at 0h,1 h,3 h,and6 h using a NucleoSpin RNA II kit.Levels of expression of the SOS genes dnaE2,recA,andrecX were quantified using relative real-time PCR at the indicated time points.The gene sigA was used as an internal control.Data were statistically analyzed using the software SPSS13.0.One-way ANOVA was used to compare results,andP0.05 indicated a significant difference. Results M.smegmatiswas sensitive to UV irradiation.Exposure to UV radiation for 30 min led to complete cell death of M.smegmatiswhile exposure for 45 sresulted in 50%survival.After M.smegmatiswas exposed to UV radiation for 45 s,expression of the genes dnaE2(F=367,P0.05)and recX(F=605,P0.05)increased from the levels at 0h,with levels of both genes peaking at 1h.Expression of recAincreased significantly 3hafter exposure to UV radiation for 45s(F=440,P0.05).The MICs of rifampicin and ofloxacin were 32μg/ml and 1μg/ml,respectively.When M.smegmatiswas treated with rifampicin at 1/2its MIC,expression of the gene dnaE2 increased from its level at 1hand peaked at 3h(F=95,P0.05).Expression of recXincreased from its level at 0hand peaked at 3h(F=177,P0.05).Expression of recAincreased from its level at 0hand was significantly higher at 3h(F=237,P0.05).When M.smegmatiswas treated with ofloxacin at 1/2its MIC,expression of dnaE2(F=144,P0.05),recA(F=106,P0.05),and recX(F=65,P0.05)increased from levels at 0h;levels of dnaE2 and recX peaked at 3h. Conclusion DNA damage by exposure to UV radiation and antibiotics induced upregulation of SOS gene expression in M.smegmatis.
Robot tongues in space: continuum surfaces for robotic grasping and manipulation

In this paper, we introduce a novel, continuously bending “robot tongue.” The tongue replaces the existing parallel jaw gripper at the end of a KUKA industrial robot manipulator. The resulting system augments the precise positioning of the KUKA with unique capabilities for adaptive grasping afforded by the new robot tongue. We demonstrate the ability of the system to grasp and manipulate objects over a wide range of scales and geometries and evaluate the potential for use of such tongues in various applications.
Verification and Validation of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry-Based Protocols

Over the past decade, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has moved from the research laboratory into the clinical microbiology laboratory to aid in the identification of microorganisms. This technology uses nonfragmenting or “soft” ionization to generate a mass spectrum profile of an analyte. For bacterial isolates, this profile is composed primarily of ribosomal proteins. The spectrum generated from a given isolate is compared to a reference database, or spectral library, and the instrument reports a list of organisms that best match the query spectrum (1, 2). These results are reported with a confidence score, providing a measure of the reliability of the identification. Numerous studies have demonstrated that MALDI-TOF MS greatly reduces the time and cost of bacterial identification and allows for further automation of the clinical laboratory (3–5). However, prior to the implementation of MALDI-TOF MS for patient testing, the system and any alternative methods used must be verified by the laboratory.
Quality-of-Service Routing

The area of quality-of-service (QoS) routing is concerned with selecting routing paths while meeting strict end-toend service requirements involving resource constraints, while achieving optimum throughput in the network. The usefulness of QoS routing is not new. QoS routing is quite popular in the telecommunications industry because of the increased demand for satisfying multiple customer demands and obtaining increased utilization of network resources, while satisfying the varied user requirements.
A Qualitative Observational Study in Pediatric ICUs The Use of Handsfree Device for Interruptions

Handsfree Communication Devices (HCDs) provide healthcare providers with an efficient way to communicate. However, they create new pathways for interruptions. The aim of this study is to understand...
The Carbohydrate Moiety of Factor V Modulates Inactivation by Activated Protein C

An important risk factor for thrombosis is the polymorphism R506Q in factor V that causes resistance of factor Va to proteolytic inactivation by activated protein C (APC). To study the potential influence of the carbohydrate moieties of factor Va on its inactivation by APC, factor V was subjected to mild deglycosylation (neuraminidase plus N-glycanase) under nondenaturing conditions. The APC resistance ratio values (ratio of activated partial thromboplastin time [APTT] clotting times with and without APC) of the treated factor V were increased (2.4 to 3.4) as measured in APTT assays. O-glycanase treatment of factor V did not change the APC resistance ratio. The procoagulant activity of factor V as well as its activation by thrombin was not affected by mild deglycosylation. Treatment of factor V with neuraminidase and N-glycanase mainly altered the electrophoretic mobility of the factor Va heavy chain, whereas treatment with O-glycanase changed the mobility of the connecting region. This suggests that the removal of the N-linked carbohydrates from the heavy chain of factor Va, which is the substrate for APC, is responsible for the increase in susceptibility to inactivation by APC. Thus, variability in carbohydrate could account for some of the known variability in APC resistance ratios, including the presence of borderline or low APC resistance ratios among patients who lack the R506Q mutation.
Subtalar Joint Arthrodesis for Elective and Posttraumatic Foot and Ankle Deformities

Subtalar joint arthrodesis is a procedure used in posttraumatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, tarsal coalition management, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, and inflammatory arthropathies, and can be used in deformity correction. The goals of the procedure are to eliminate pain, improve function, restore stability, and realign the hind foot. The procedure has high patient satisfaction with low complications while preserving motion in adjacent tarsal joints. Joint preparation is important and time should be spent preparing the joint for successful arthrodesis and the fixation construct needs to be done well and effectively to provide a solid Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Osteosynthesefragen (AO) construct for good results.
Chronic Pain After Traumatic Brain Injury: Pathophysiology and Pain Mechanisms.

Background Traumatic brain injury refers to a broad range of neurological, cognitive, and emotional factors that result from the application of an external force to the head. Individuals recovering from traumatic brain injury will frequently experience acute and chronic pain. Objective The objective of this paper is to discuss the pathophysiological changes resulting from traumatic brain injury and how these may be involved in the development and persistence of pain after injury. Methods We based our review on articles retrieved from the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics (1966 to present) using the search engine PubMed (United States National Library of Medicine). The published literature focused on traumatic brain injury and pain. Conclusions This review presents evidence that pain is common after traumatic brain injury. However, while there are many potential mechanisms explaining this problem such as neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, and axonal degeneration, we have no clear understanding of which of them contribute in individual patients. The authors highlight the priorities for research that will expand our knowledge and that may lead to the rational design of therapies that both reduce pain and provide optimal overall outcomes after traumatic brain injury.
Digital Karnak:An Experiment in Publication and Peer Review of Interactive, Three-Dimensional Content

Archaeologists, historians, and art historians are increasingly turning to three-dimensional computer modeling to create dynamic visualizations of ancient monuments and urban spaces, but the resulting 3-D content is not always accepted as scholarship and integrated into discipline-specific dialogue. In Digital Karnak: An Experiment in Publication and Peer Review of Interactive, Three-Dimensional Content , Elaine A. Sullivan and Lisa M. Snyder propose a reconceptualization of computer modeling as a new means and form of knowledge production, offer a framework for peer review and publication of 3-D content, and describe an experiment to develop an innovative publication with an interactive computer model at its core. The Digital Karnak model, a geotemporal model of an ancient Egyptian temple, is their case study, a 3-D publication package of which they posted for peer review. This article describes the model9s creation, the software interface used for the publication prototype (VSim), and the ways in which this project addresses the challenges of publishing 3-D scholarly content.
Planning the Research

It would be unthinkable for a surgeon to begin an operation without first formulating a plan. The plan has specific objectives, whether it is to remove a tumor, repair a traumatized visceral organ, correct a congenital anomaly, or achieve a cosmetic result. It embodies a temporal sequence of implementation steps from surgical incision to closing that are intended to achieve the objective. It should include at least immediate, if not long-term, assessment of success of the procedure in reaching its objectives. Even before operation, however, alternative therapies must be considered. As Kirklin and Barratt-Boyes originally pointed out, it is only after considering the data for alternatives that the indications for surgical therapy can be formulated (1, 2, 3).
Assessment of energy storage concepts for use in pulsed space power systems

Preliminary assessments have been completed for thermal energy storage in heat rejection systems as well as for regenerable electrical storage modules in systems having nuclear sources with Rankine power conversion and solar sources with Brayton and Rankine power conversion. Storage technologies considered for the regenerable modules include flywheels, batteries, fuel cells, superconducting magnets and capacitors. Both source and sink thermal storage were examined for the solar energy based systems. Benefits derived from incorporating thermal storage in the heat rejection system depend on the storage density and the radiator specific mass. The analysis shows that inclusion of a thermal store results in heat rejection system mass reductions for generation times of up to 1100 seconds. Results show that the storage system value (mass reduction) increases with decreasing total generation time. In general, the value is greatest for generation times of 600 seconds or less although mass savings are realized for generation times nearly twice as long. For a total generation time of 500 seconds, incorporating storage in a nuclear Rankine power system results in a mass reduction of 50%. System masses similar to the nuclear Rankine are obtainable for solar Rankine and Brayton cycles using regenerable electrical storage modules. However, amore » 100-orbit recharge time is required, when the constraint of keeping concentrator areas smaller than 1000 m/sup 2/ is also imposed.« less
Graft vs Host Disease and Skin Manifestations

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has a multitude of manifestations, but the most common organ involved is the skin. There are two main forms of the GVHD are acute GVHD and chronic GVHD: acute and chronic. We discuss the immunology of this fascinating syndrome seen in bone marrow transplant patients, and the skin disease that accompanies them.
An update on the TEAM project — first results from the TEAM 0.5 microscope, and its future development

Recent advances in aberration-correcting electron optics have led to increased resolution, sensitivity and signal to noise in atomic resolution microscopy. Building on these developments, the TEAM project was designed to optimize the electron microscope around aberration-corrected electron optics and to further advance the limits of the instrument and the technique [1]. The vision for the TEAM project is the idea of providing a sample space for electron scattering experiments in a tunable electron optical environment by removing some of the constraints that have limited electron microscopy until now. The resulting improvements in resolution, the increased space around the sample, and the possibility of exotic electron-optical settings will enable new types of experiments. The TEAM microscope will feature unique corrector elements for spherical and chromatic aberrations, a novel AFM-inspired specimen stage, a high-brightness gun and numerous other innovations that will extend resolution down to the half-Angstrom level.
Kikuchi–Fujimoto Lymphadenopathy

Kikuchi–Fujimoto (or Kikuchi) lymphadenopathy is a rare, regional, self-limited, necrotizing, histiocytic lymphadenitis that is frequently associated with mild fever and other systemic symptoms. Kikuchi et al., as well as Fujimoto et al., first described the disease independently in 1972 in the Japanese literature. The etiology of Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease remains unknown, although a viral etiology has long been suspected. The pathogenesis of the disease appears to be dominated by extensive apoptosis of CD8-positive cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
USDA-ARS Colorado maize growth and development, yield and water-use under strategic timing of irrigation, 2012-2013.

Abstract This data set was collected over two years, 2012–2013, on maize under 12 irrigation treatments with varying levels of deficit during late-vegetative and grain-filling growth stages in semi-arid Northern Colorado supplied with surface drip irrigation. The data set, which can be found online at the USDA National Agricultural Library data repository (doi: 10.15482/USDA.ADC/1439968 ), includes hourly weather data; plant growth and canopy development over the season; final biomass, yield and harvest index; and daily water balance data including irrigation, precipitation, soil water content, and estimates of crop evapotranspiration. Soil parameters for the site, as well as data from a previous experiment on maize with different treatments can also be found online (doi: 10.15482/USDA.ADC/1254006 ). Here, we describe the synthesis of data collected from 2012 to 2013. These data can be used for modeling the relationship between maize yield and field-level water use under season water availability.
Anatomical Issues Related to Endodontics

Anatomical issues play a very crucial role in the everyday practice of endodontics. Rather than be a subject to be endured and soon forgotten in dental school, an understanding of anatomy is critical to the endodontist, both in reaching the proper diagnosis and then in executing the proper techniques to reach the most successful outcomes.
What Is the Most Sensitive and Specific Imaging Study for the Detection of Acute Mesenteric Ischemia? Is MDCT the Gold Standard?

Angiography has traditionally been considered the gold standard test for diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI). Angiography is not only diagnostic but allows for immediate therapeutic interventions to achieve revascularization. However, computed tomography angiography (CTA) has now replaced angiography as the first-line diagnostic test for AMI. CTA is accurate and has excellent sensitivity and specificity, approaching 100%. It is fast and nearly universally available. Multiple studies and expert guidelines cite CTA as the test of choice for the diagnosis of AMI in the emergency department. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) does have a role, but the delay in diagnosis and lack of universal availability make it a less favorable diagnostic tool when compared to CTA.
Genetics and Epigenetics of Substance Use

This chapter reviews the information pertaining to genetic and epigenetic studies in substance use behavior and its implication for prevention. It first considers important phenotypic characteristics addressed in this research area. Then the relevant studies in biometric genetics are reviewed, which provide grounds to the next part of discussion, and attempt to discover genetic “risk” factors, i.e., concrete genetic sources of substance use and abuse risk variation. A relatively new area of epigenetic research and its role is considered as well. Finally, we discuss translation of genetic research in prevention and treatment, and possible directions for changes in research approaches that would facilitate the practical implementation of research findings.
Guillaume Du Fay: The Life and Works

This volume explores the work of one of medieval music's most important figures, and in so doing presents an extended panorama of musical life in Europe at the end of the middle ages. Guillaume Du Fay rose from obscure beginnings to become the most significant composer of the fifteenth century, a man courted by kings and popes, and this study of his life and career provides a detailed examination of his entire output, including a number of newly discovered works. As well as offering musical analysis, this volume investigates his close association with the Cathedral of Cambrai, and explores how, at a time when music was becoming increasingly professionalised, Du Fay forged his own identity as 'a composer'. This detailed biography will be highly valuable for those interested in the history of medieval and church music, as well as for scholars of Du Fay's musical legacy.
Binormal, complex symmetric operators

In this paper, we describe necessary and sufficient conditions for a binormal or complex symmetric operator to have the other property. Along the way, we find connections to the Duggal and Aluthge ...
Developing genetic markers for melanoma risk assessment

9046 Background: Risk assessment for melanoma is currently based on phenotype, family and exposure history. This approach is subject to recall bias and excludes at-risk groups such as those with da...
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is decreased in chronic HIV and correlates with immune dysregulation

Background Cellular immunometabolism among people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains under investigated. We assessed the relationships between mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and blood parameters associated with HIV immune dysregulation. Methods PLWH ≥40 years old and on stable ART ≥3 months were enrolled (N = 149). OXPHOS complex I (CI, NADH dehydrogenase) and complex IV (CIV, cytochrome c oxidase) protein levels in PBMCs were quantified using immunoassays. Monocyte subsets and markers of T-cell activation, senescence, and exhaustion were measured on PBMC by flow cytometry. Plasma inflammatory mediators were quantified using a multiplex assay. HIV-uninfected group (N = 44) of similar age, gender, and ethnicity had available OXPHOS levels. Results PLWH had a median age of 51 years. Majority were male (88.6%), Caucasian (57.7%), and with undetectable plasma HIV RNA <50 copies/mL (84.6%). Median CI level was lower in PLWH compared with the HIV-seronegative group (65.5 vs 155.0 optical density/μg protein x 103, p <0.0001). There was no significant difference in median CIV levels. Lower OXPHOS levels correlated with lower CD4% and CD4/CD8 ratio. On multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, current use of zidovudine/didanosine, and HIV RNA (detectable versus undetectable), lower OXPHOS levels were significantly associated with higher MPO, SAA, SAP, and sVCAM, and higher frequencies of intermediate (CD14++CD16+) monocytes and TIGIT+TIM3+ CD4 T-cell (p<0.01). Conclusion CI PBMC protein levels were decreased in PLWH on ART. Decreased OXPHOS correlated with disease severity and inflammation. Further studies on the relationship between immunometabolism and immune dysregulation in HIV are warranted.
Modeling Radiation Influence on Spacecraft Materials Outgassing

Spacecraft orbiting Jupiter and performing flybys or landing on Jovian moons, such as Europa, experience an environment with high radiation levels. A Radiation Induced Outgassing Test (RIOT) campaign was initiated to study of radiation effects on contamination products evolving from spacecraft materials. Materials were irradiated with a flux of 2.6×1010 electrons/cm2/s at an energy of 1.5 MeV. Preliminary results from the ongoing test campaign include determining species produced by radiation scissioning of silicones, as well as measuring outgassing rates from the material. A physics based outgassing model has been developed to explain the observed experimental results. Material outgassing rates measured during, and subsequent to radiation exposure, can be modeled using a simple diffusion model. Use of Fick's law with a source term during irradiation, and without a source term when the radiation is turned off, can explain some of the experimental results. However, not all of the experimental results can be explained by this model. The observed discrepancies can be due to a combination of radiation interference with the test instrumentation and also due to radiation interaction with the test sample surface. Although additional work is needed, the experimental results can provide a basis for extrapolating experimentally measured outgassing rates to predict contamination outgassing as a function of the radiation levels encountered during a mission at Jupiter.
Zero-Compensation Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer at 1.33 V

This paper describes the generation of a quantum-based rms output voltage of 1.332 V using an ac-coupled Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer (JAWS) without any low-frequency compensation current biases, that is, in a ‘zero-compensation’ (ZC) mode. Low-frequency bias currents result in unwanted error voltages that increase with frequency. The ZC technique minimizes these currents and removes the resultant error voltages.
Viscosity, enthalpy relaxation and liquid-liquid transition of the eutectic liquid Ge15Te85

Abstract The viscosity and enthalpy relaxation in the Ge15Te85 eutectic liquid are investigated using a combination of parallel plate rheometry and conventional and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results of these measurements provide evidence for similar temperature dependence of enthalpy and shear relaxation timescales in this liquid. However, the enthalpy relaxation is found to be more than an order of magnitude slower than the shear relaxation process. The temperature dependence of the viscosity of the Ge15Te85 liquid in the supercooled state and above its melting point can be described using a single fragility index, except over a narrow temperature region in the immediate vicinity of the melting point where the viscosity abruptly increases, signifying a liquid-liquid transition. This anomalous viscosity jump coincides with the onset of an exothermic event observed in the DSC cooling curve. Together, these results are consistent with a transition that involves incipient liquid-liquid immiscibility that can be bypassed via rapid supercooling.
Completing the Quantum of Evidence

In Evidentiary Irony and the Incomplete Rule of Completeness, Daniel Capra and Liesa Richter propose an amendment to Federal Rule of Evidence 106, the “rule of completeness,” that formally recognizes the Rule’s trumping power over objections to hearsay. In this Response, we suggest a conceptual framework to support Capra and Richter’s proposal. We argue that the rule of completeness defines what is effectively a “quantum” for evidence law. Specifically, when a party offers evidence, Rule 106 demands that the proponent offer either the whole quantum of evidence or none of it at all. This framework helps explain why Rule 106 should operate like a trump card against hearsay objections. It can also help us interpret other evidentiary rules in which courts have had difficulty defining the scope of the term “statement.”
Prevalence of Returnable Genetic Results Based on Recognizable Phenotypes among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The importance of extensive genetic testing of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases has been demonstrated repeatedly in research settings but such testing in clinical settings remains sporadic. Determining which individuals should be prioritized for expensive tests remains a challenge. Several guidelines have been released relating to clinical genetic evaluations and testing in the context of ASD and these guidelines may be informed by the results of genetic testing in large research cohorts. The current study summarizes findings from over 2,000 individuals with ASD who received genetic testing, including microarray and exome testing, through the Simons Simplex Consortium. A returnable genetic result is identified in 10% of cases, however, this yield increases based on four readily accessible phenotypes: female sex and the presence of intellectual disability, seizures or delayed walking. Combinations of these factors increase return rate further, with some combinations yielding a return rate over 50%. In conclusion, these four phenotypes provide a simple approach to prioritize genetic testing in a clinical setting and inform future clinical guidelines. Providing a systematic approach to decisions about who to test removes barriers for, and therefore decrease disparities in, reimbursable genetic testing for individuals diagnosed with ASD.
Online Learning of Unknown Dynamics for Model-Based Controllers in Legged Locomotion

The performance of a model-based controller can severely suffer when its model inaccurately represents the real world dynamics. We propose to learn a time-varying, locally linear residual model along the robot’s current trajectory, to compensate for the prediction errors of the controller’s model. Supervised learning is performed online, as the robot is running in the unknown environment, using data collected from its immediate past. We theoretically investigate our method in its general formulation, then apply it to a bipedal controller derived from the full-order dynamics of virtual constraints, and a quadrupedal controller derived from a simplified model of contact forces. For a biped in simulation, our method consistently outperforms the baseline and a recent learning-based method. We also experiment with a 12 kg quadruped in simulation and real world, where the baseline fails to walk with 10 kg of payload but our method succeeds.
The Use of Oral Procaine in a Case of ‘Lysol’ Poisoning

Summary 1.A patient with history and physical findings of ingestion of Lysol was treated with oral procaine solution and ACTH. 2.Marked dysphagia was overcome by procaine gargles and swallows before meals. 3.The theoretical role of ACTH in preventing scarring and contracture in such a case is discussed.
Examining Montessori Middle School through a Self-Determination Theory Lens:A Mixed Methods Study of the Lived Experiences of Adolescents

This study examined the influence of enrollment on the development of self-determination in a Montessori middle school. Bounded by self-determination and student voice theory, this research was designed to give voice to students, add to the discourse on middle school reform, and provide the perspective of the student to the critique of middle level education. Based on the analysis of narrative major themes indicated the importance of autonomy and relatedness. Students valued the ability to choose the order of their tasks and the tasks they could choose to demonstrate understanding as well as the ability to re-take tests. These changes require a paradigm shift to a student-centered learning environment.
Endocrine disruptors in human milk and the health-related issues of breastfeeding.

Abstract Breastfeeding has an essential role in a healthy development of the newborn, but human milk has been compromised by pollutants from our environment. The main contaminants of human milk with endocrine-disrupting properties, xenobiotics and phytoestrogens, are presented together with their level of exposure. In most countries persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are declining; however some compounds such as polybrominated diphenyl-ether (PBDE) have shown an increase in human milk and new ones, such as sunscreens, have been identified only recently in breast milk. Risk assessment of xenobiotics in human milk is presented and concluded that, despite the presence of contaminants, breastfeeding ensures the best possible health as well as the best developmental and psychosocial outcomes for the infant. Continued environmental monitoring and biomonitoring based on harmonised protocols is necessary to ensure that known exposures to endocrine-disruptive compounds (EDCs) in human milk do not increase unexpectedly or new ones develop unnoticed.
RESTORATION OF RHEUMATOID FINGER-JOINT FUNCTION.

Metallic hinged prostheses have been used in an attempt to restore some function to the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of fingers involved by rheumatoid arthritis. Indications for prosthetic replacement at the proximal interphalangeal joint are considered to be: (1) gross joint destruction, (2) persistent swan-neck deformity, and (3) ankylosis of the joint in a non-functional position. At the metacarpophalangeal joint the indications are considered to be: (1) gross joint destruction, (2) palmar dislocation of the joint, and (3) persistent ulnar drift combined with joint destruction or palmar dislocation. It is a prerequisite of prosthetic replacement that there be adequate muscle power to control the joint. Six cases are described and illustrated. Some typical complications, such as boutonniere deformity, fracture of the phalanges, and lack of voluntary control, are discussed. A total of fifty-seven prostheses have been placed at the present time. A table is presented giving the pertinent information concerning thirty-one prostheses which have been in place for six months or more.
Ranking Filter Methods for Concentrating Pathogens in Lake Water

Accurately comparing filtration methods for concentrating waterborne pathogens is difficult because of two important water matrix effects on recovery measurements, the effect on PCR quantification and the effect on filter performance. Francy et al. ([1][1]) did not account for either effect, calling
Synthesis of air-stable zwitterionic 2-phosphiniminium-arenesulfonates

Efficient synthetic methodology for preparation of 2-phosphiniminium-5-methylbenzenesulfonate zwitterions is reported. Staudinger reaction between phosphines and n-propyl 2-azido-5-methylbenzenesulfonates followed by sulfonate ester deprotection using pyridinium tetrafluoroborate/pyridine afforded the zwitterions in excellent yields. This new route directly accesses ortho-substituted-arenesulfonate ligands that incorporate a phosphinimine, a strong σ-donor.
Trophic stability of soil oribatid mites in the face of environmental change

Abstract A key issue in ecology is the degree to which trophic structure within communities responds to environmental change. Organisms with generalist diets are more flexible in their feeding habits than are specialists, and may be affected less in a changing environment. Soil fauna fulfill crucial ecosystem functions in terrestrial ecosystems and many are thought to have generalized diets. They may therefore be buffered from negative effects of environmental change. Here, we used 15 N isotope analysis to study trophic differentiation among 91 species of oribatid mites and their responses to chronic atmospheric N deposition. Combining our own measurements with published data, we established that the trophic positions of mite species were remarkably stable within and among forests, as well as between ambient and experimental N deposition. Trophic stability indicates a higher than expected level of feeding specialization, which may foster diversity, but limit the ability to switch food resources in a changing environment.
Rocket measurements of the magnetic fields associated with visual aurorae

Electrojet currents association with visible aurorae, using sounding rockets with rubidium vapor magnetometers
Automatic detection of aircraft emergency landing sites

An automatic landing site detection algorithm is proposed for aircraft emergency landing. Emergency landing is an unplanned event in response to emergency situations. If, as is unfortunately usually the case, there is no airstrip or airfield that can be reached by the un-powered aircraft, a crash landing or ditching has to be carried out. Identifying a safe landing site is critical to the survival of passengers and crew. Conventionally, the pilot chooses the landing site visually by looking at the terrain through the cockpit. The success of this vital decision greatly depends on the external environmental factors that can impair human vision, and on the pilot's flight experience that can vary significantly among pilots. Therefore, we propose a robust, reliable and efficient algorithm that is expected to alleviate the negative impact of these factors. We present only the detection mechanism of the proposed algorithm and assume that the image enhancement for increased visibility, and image stitching for a larger field-of-view have already been performed on the images acquired by aircraftmounted cameras. Specifically, we describe an elastic bound detection method which is designed to position the horizon. The terrain image is divided into non-overlapping blocks which are then clustered according to a "roughness" measure. Adjacent smooth blocks are merged to form potential landing sites whose dimensions are measured with principal component analysis and geometric transformations. If the dimensions of the candidate region exceed the minimum requirement for safe landing, the potential landing site is considered a safe candidate and highlighted on the human machine interface. At the end, the pilot makes the final decision by confirming one of the candidates, also considering other factors such as wind speed and wind direction, etc. Preliminary results show the feasibility of the proposed algorithm.
The systematics ofLinum sect.Linopsis (Linaceae)

SectionLinopsis of the genusLinum is the largest and probably the most widespread of the five commonly recognized sections. Using a number of traits, but especially heterostyly, style union, development of false septa in the fruit, pollen morphology, and chromosome number, together with petal pigmentation, number of floral parts, and stigma shape, the section is divided into five subsections:Dichrolinum, with one series;Halolinum with one;Linopsis, with four;Keniense, with one; andRigida, with two. Of these, subsect.Keniense and two series are new, the remaining four subsections and four series are published in a new rank. The inferred relationships of all of the groups and the general distribution of each are discussed. The section ranges from southern Europe and the Mediterranean region to India, eastern and southern Africa and throughout much of North and South America. The primitive species of the section are believed to be in the Mediterranean region.
Naturalistic Experimental Analysis of Driver Compliance With Posted Speed Limits

The current study assesses the effects of three interventions commonly used by law enforcement officials to increase driver compliance with posted speed limits and thereby reduce speeding. In two multiple-treatment single-case research designs, motorist speeds on two rural roads in a midwestern state were observed and measured during baseline (no intervention) and during exposure to three interventions: a stationary speed trailer, an unmanned police vehicle, and traditional police enforcement. Interventions were counterbalanced across locations and data aggregated according to intervention type. Results suggests that although two of the three commonly adopted methods had no consistent impact on driver speeds, the unmanned police vehicle intervention yielded increases in compliance compared to baseline for both sites. Implications for small-scale traffic research are discussed.
Increasing the frequency of regeneration for Markov processes

We present and compare two ways of applying the regenerative method of simulation output analysis to simulate the steady-state behavior of irreducible discrete time Markov chains having a finite state space. The "standard" approach involves defining the regenerative cycles based on the times a particular "return" state is visited. The alternative approach involves using "splitting" to define the regenerative cycles. We present a way of selecting the splitting distribution that guarantees that the splitting cycles are shorter than the standard cycles, and that the variance estimates produced by the splitting approach are less variable than the variance estimates produced by the standard approach.
The use of shoot dimensions to estimate the leaf mass or leaf area of certain indigenous trees in Rhodesia

Abstract Various shoot dimensions such as height, stem diameter, canopy spread, and number of stems were measured on a sample comprising various sizes of trees of Colophospermum mopane, and samples comprising various sizes of coppice clumps of Brachystegia spiciformis and B. boehmii. Concurrently, the leaf mass of each of the C. mopane trees, both above and below a height of 2 m from ground level, and the leaf area of each of the B. spiciformis and B. boehmii clumps was measured. The data were used to derive regression equations relating dimensions to leaf mass and leaf area. The relationships were best expressed by means of logarithmic transformation of both dependent and independent variables. In practice there are disadvantages in the use of logarithmic transformations and the use of untransformed variables or non‐logarithmic transformation is recommended. However, for estimating leaf mass below 2 m in C. mopane it was found desirable to use a semi‐logarithmic equation with the logarithm of the mass ra...
Resonance fluorescence spectrum of nitrogen dioxide

Abstract We report an investigation of the resonance fluorescence spectrum of NO 2 excited by several laser lines. Sixty transitions, mostly in ν 2 progressions of the ground state, have been assigned. Analysis of the spectra extend the knowledge of the ground state constants, especially of the anharmonic coefficients. It is possible to establish that transitions are occurring to a 2 B 1 state and to a 2 B 2 state in the same energy region.
Neutrino physics from new SNO and KamLAND data and future prospects

Abstract We analyze the cumulative data from the SNO, KamLAND and other solar neutrino experiments in the standard scenario of three oscillating active neutrinos. We determine the solar neutrino oscillation parameters and obtain new bounds on θ x . We also place constraints on the fraction of oscillating solar neutrinos that transform to sterile neutrinos with the 8 B flux normalization left free. Concomitantly, we assess the sensitivity of future data from the SNO and KamLAND experiments to θ x and to the sterile neutrino content of the solar flux.
Mobile agents on mobile robotic platforms: a survey

In this paper several papers that have been written on mobile agents and robots are surveyed with a view toward determining the state of the art of software mobile agents running on robotic platforms.
The allais paradox: A framing perspective

The issue we want to resolve is whether or not the independence axiom of Savage (1954) is systematically violated by subjects in an Allais Paradox type of choice situation. The results of an experiment involving the Allais Paradox is presented. As with all Allais Paradox experiments the subjects were presented with choices involving hypothetical outcomes. It is concluded that the fault is not in utility theory but rather in the ability of research subjects to analyze complex probability problems without assistance, and that the framing of the problem heavily influences choices. Just as we are susceptible to optical illusions we are also susceptible to mental illusions. One can obtain a wide range of outcomes using the Allais Paradox depending on how the choices are framed.
Variable Speed Direct Drive Wind Controller for a Rim Driven Wind Turbine

Multi-blade shaft driven wind turbines depend greatly on the angle of attack as an important factor that the control system monitors such that a maximum amount of aerodynamic force is seen by the rotor blades. This is one significant difference when controlling a Rim Driven Wind Turbine (RDWT). The controller for a RDWT is required to simply point the tower such that it is facing the wind for maximum power generation. This is achieved by incorporating a Variable Speed Direct Drive (VSDD) wind operation control system to control the power production and safe operation of the RDWT. Another consideration for the control system is its integration with the generator. Since the power generation is rim driven, thus operating at a higher variable speed.With information related to the wind turbine’s diameter and the wind speed at any given time it can be calculated how much power can be potentially generated. This can then be in turn relayed to the generator from the wind turbine controller. This information can be relayed using controller-controller communication (such as an analog voltage signal or protocol based communication such as MODBUS RTU or TCP/IP) representing the power coefficient from Betz’ Law.A feasibly controllable system implements a signal from the overall wind turbine controller that in turn supplies the generator with how much power is available in the system to maximize power generation for a broad range of traditionally unrealizable wind conditions (3 m/s to 30 m/s). Rim Driven Wind Turbines represent an evolution in fundamental design of how the wind can be harnessed for power.This paper will discuss the VSDD’s unique design and aspects of maintaining controllability thorough out the overall system operation.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The Helmholtz–Kirchoff 2.5D integral theorem for sign-bit data

The Helmholtz–Kirchoff integral theorem is the basis for Kirchoff migration of seismic data. Essentially, Kirchoff migration is a solution to the wave equation in the presence of obstacles. In practice, prestack migration of typical seismic data sets can be very computer intensive. Consequently, it is beneficial to consider more efficient migration algorithms. The theory presented here offers, potentially, a much more compact Kirchoff migration scheme by reducing the seismic data into its residual sign bits, prior to migration. Sign-bit processing in the seismic industry has historically been limited to stacking, but the theory presented in this paper extends sign-bit data to wave equation processing. Included in this paper is a refinement of prior treatments of sign-bit processing based on statistical analysis. In other words, this treatment is purely mathematical, while earlier treatments tend to be partially intuitive and partially mathematical. This paper is the theoretical component of a dual presentation, in which the second paper will include computational examples.
EXPRESSION, PURIFICATION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PORCINE LEUKOCYTE 12-LIPOXYGENASE PRODUCED IN THE METHYLOTROPHIC YEAST, PICHIA PASTORIS

A cDNA coding for porcine leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase was expressed intracellularly in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris under the regulatory control of the alcohol oxidase promoter. The recombinant 12-lipoxygenase contained in the yeast cell lysate was soluble, displayed the catalytic properties of the native enzyme, and was recognized by antibodies prepared against native 12-lipoxygenase derived from porcine leukocytes. The catalytically active enzyme of the 100,000 x g supernatant obtained from the yeast lysate was readily purified by immunoaffinity chromatography to near homogeneity. Porcine leukocyte 12-lipoxygenase is the first arachidonic acid oxygenase to be expressed in yeast, an easy, inexpensive, and rapid method of expressing native and site-directed mutants of recombinant proteins.
The Friction and Wear of Thin, Sintered, Fluoride Films

Results are presented for the bonding of thin, sintered, fluoride films of BaF2 and CaF2 with mono-aluminum phosphate. Friction and wear behavior of these films has been defined in terms of film compositional changes, film curing procedures, and substrate variations when subjected to varying levels of temperature and load. Mono-aluminum phosphate was found to greatly enhance the adhesion of the sintered fluoride film. There was a strong dependence of wear life at 1000 deg F on the mono-aluminum phosphate content of the film. Films containing 6 vol. percent phosphate appear to be near optimum and exhibited wear lives of 1,000,000 load cycles under sliding conditions in a dual rub-shoe device with friction coefficient levels in the order of 0.10 to 0.20. Near-optimum values were determined for cure temperature (950 deg C), and surface finish (23 μ in. rms) on rhodium-plated substrates. Graphite and gold were added to the aluminum phosphate bonded BaF2 : CaF2 films. Both additives were found to lower the friction coefficient at room temperature.
Incoherent Scatter Spectral Theories—Part II: Modeling the Spectrum for Modes Propagating Perpendicular to ${\bf B}$

Incoherent scatter (IS) spectral models for collisional and magnetized F-region plasmas are developed based on a general framework described in part I of this paper and on the statistics of simulated particle trajectories. In the simulations, a Langevin update equation is used to describe the motion of charge carriers undergoing Coulomb collisions. It is shown that random displacements of oxygen ions in the F-region can be characterized as a Brownian-motion process with Gaussian distributed displacement vectors. Electron displacements, on the other hand, are non-Brownian, and their statistics exhibit a dependence on the magnetic aspect angle. A numerical library of characteristic functions of electron displacements was constructed from the simulation data obtained for a set of plasma parameters typical of the equatorial F-region. Spectral models for the IS radar signals from F-region heights are constructed with one-sided Fourier transforms of the characteristic functions of electron and ion displacements. The models are valid at all magnetic aspect angles, including the zero aspect angle that corresponds to radar observations perpendicular to the ambient geomagnetic field .