cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of a specially formed drill in fixed prosthodontics

A technique has been described that uses a specially formed drill in the fabrication of removable dies. This technique is efficient and inexpensive, and it produces high-quality removable dies that are strong, stable, and accurately positioned.
An Agrobacterium product that acts during tumour induction to reduce the rate of tumour growth

Abstract Supernatant fluids from cultures of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains ATCC 15834 and ATCC 11325 contain a substance which reduces the growth rate of crown-gall tumours on bean leaves without affecting the number of tumours initiated. The amount of tumour tissue formed on carrot root discs is also reduced by this substance. The active material has a low molecular weight and is produced by bacteria grown in both complex and defined media. Tumour growth was affected by this substance only when it was applied during the period when tumour initiation was in progress; it was not active when applied to bean leaves 24 h after inoculation, even though most tumour growth occurs after this time. Growth of bean leaf tumours induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains B6, T-37 and 181 was reduced by this substance, but the growth of those induced by strain ATCC 13333 was not. These results correlate with the ability of tumours induced by these strains to produce a certain growth factor (TGF-I). There was no correlation between this response and the ability of the different tumours to produce octopine, lysopine or nopaline, tumour specific compounds which also have growth-promoting activity. The substance produced by strains ATCC 15834 and ATCC 11325 may act by preventing certain events of the tumour initiation process which activate either the synthesis of TGF-I or the system which is responsive to TGF-I.
Group training for parents of children with behavior problems

Abstract This article contains an assessment of behaviorally oriented group training used to manage deviant behavior in children.
The effects of a urea-formaledhyde resin pellet binder in diets for laying hens on performance and blood parameters

Abstract Binders are frequently used in poultry feeds to improve pelleting rate or to reduce fines. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a urea-formaldehyde resin calcium sulfate pellet binder on productivity, egg quality, and blood parameters of laying hens over an eight-week feeding period. The laying hen was used as a model for all poultry species. The binder was incorporated into a nutritionally complete layer diet at 0, 0.2, and 0.4%. Measurements were made of normal production parameters, blood cell evaluation, and blood chemistry. No significant effects were seen on egg production, egg weight, specific gravity, egg shell breaking force, yolk color, Haugh units, daily feed intake, or feed required to produce a dozen eggs. No adverse effects were noted on hematocrit, hemoglobin, differential white cell counts, red blood cell counts, or blood ammonia levels. The urea-formaldehyde calcium sulfate pellet binder appears to be safe to use in poultry feeds.
Interaction between erosion and high-temperature corrosion of metals : the erosion-affected oxidation regime

The combined erosion-oxidation of nickel, cobalt, and the oxides of these metals have been studied at 780°C in air to examine two regimes of interactionnamely, a regime of erosion-enhanced oxidation during which an oxide scale of constant thickness covers metal specimens, and a regime of oxidation-affected erosion that is characterized by a composite surface layer of metal, oxide, and erodent. In the case of cobalt, these two regimes have been documented and the transition from one regime to another described. For the range of conditions examined, only the oxidation-affected erosion regime was observed for nickel due to its lower oxidation rate compared to cobalt.
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy for Large or Multiple Upper Tract Calculi and Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Purpose: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is standard therapy for upper tract calculi larger than 2 cm. However, the role of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease has not been well evaluated. We report our experience with percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and subsequent renal calculi managed by percutaneous nephrolithotomy from October 1981 to the present.Results: We identified 9 patients. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was performed in 11 kidneys. Flank pain was the presenting symptom in 6 patients. Average stone burden was 2.5 cm (range 1.6 to 3.6). Two access tracts were necessary in 5 kidneys. No intraoperative complications occurred. In 2 kidneys a second stage endoscopic procedure with ultrasonic lithotripsy was required to achieve stone-free status. Nephrostogram 24 hour...
Statistical mechanics of relativistic anyon-like systems☆

Abstract To study the manifestation of the Aharonov-Bohm effect in many-body systems we consider the statistical mechanics of the Gross-Neveu model on a ring (1+1 dimensions) and on a cylinder (2+1 dimensions) with a thin solenoid coinciding with the axis. For such systems with a non-trivial magnetic flux (θ) many thermodynamical observables, such as the order parameter, induced current and virial coefficients, display a periodic but non-analytic dependence on θ. In the (2+1)-dimensional case we further find that there is an interval of θ ϵ ( 1 3 , 2 3 ) (modulo integers) where parity is always spontaneously broken, independent of the circumference of the cylinder. We show that the mean-field character of the phase transitions is preserved to the leading order in 1/N, by veryfying the θ-independence of all the critical exponents. The precise nature of the quasi-particle, locally fermion-like and globally anyon-like, is illuminated through the calculation of the equal-time commutator and the decomposition of the propagator into a sum over paths classified by winding numbers.
AMTrac: adaptive meta-caching for transcoding

The increase of aggregate Internet bandwidth and the rapid development of 3G wireless networks demand efficient delivery of multimedia objects to all types of wireless devices. To handle requests from wireless devices at runtime, the transcode-enabled caching proxy has been proposed and a lot of research has been conducted to study online transcoding. Since transcoding is a CPU-intensive task, the transcoded versions can be saved to reduce the CPU load for future requests. However, extensively caching all transcoded results can quickly exhaust cache space. Constrained by available CPU and storage, existing transcode-enabled caching schemes always selectively cache certain transcoded versions, expecting that many future requests can be served from the cache while leaving CPU cycles for online transcoding for other requests. But such schemes treat the transcoder as a black box, leaving little room for flexible control of joint resource management between CPU and storage. In this paper, we first introduce the idea of meta-caching by looking into a transcoding procedure. Instead of caching certain selected transcoded versions in full, meta-caching identifies intermediate transcoding steps from which certain intermediate results (called metadata) can be cached so that a fully transcoded version can be easily produced from the metadata with a small amount of CPU cycles. Achieving big saving in caching space with possibly small sacrifice on CPU load, the proposed meta-caching scheme provides a unique method to balance the utilization of CPU and storage resources at the proxy. We further construct a model to analyze the meta-caching scheme. Based on modeling results, we propose AMTrac, Adaptive Meta-caching for Transcoding, which adaptively applies meta-caching based on the client request pattern and available resources. Experimental results show that our proposed AMTrac can significantly improve the system throughput over existing approaches.
Presuppositional Languages and the Failure of Cross-Language Understanding

Pourquoi la comprehension mutuelle entre deux vastes communautes linguistiques substantiellement differentes est-elle souvent problematique et meme inaccessible? Pour repondre a cette question, j'introduis d'abord une notion de langages presuppositionnels. Sur la base de la structure semantique d'un langage presuppositionnel, j'identifie une importante condition necessaire pour la comprehension effective d'un langage: l'interprete est capable de comprendre effectivement un langage seulement si il ou elle est capable d'en reconnaitre et d'en comprendre les presuppositions metaphysiques. Ce role essentiel de la connaissance des presuppositions metaphysiques dans la comprehension est encore renforce par le developpement d'une theorie vericonditionnelle de la comprehension. Je conclus que si l'interprete aborde un langage etranger incompatible en adoptant le point de vue du langage de l'nterprete lui-meme et en projetant les presuppositions metaphysiques de son propre langage sur le langage etranger, alors la comprehension mutuelle entre les deux communautes linguistiques est vouee a l'echec.
The erbA oncogene represses the actions of both retinoid X and retinoid A receptors but does so by distinct mechanisms.

Abstract Genetic lesions that function as dominant negative mutations in microbial systems have long been recognized. It is only relatively recently, however, that similar dominant negative mutations have been implicated as a basis for genetic and neoplastic disorders in vertebrates. We describe here a dissection of the actions of the erbA oncogene protein, an aberrant form of thyroid hormone receptor that acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of other nuclear hormone receptors. We demonstrate that the ErbA oncoprotein interferes with thyroid hormone and trans-retinoic acid receptors by competing for binding to the corresponding response elements. Heterodimerization of the ErbA oncoprotein with these receptors does not play an observable role in repression. In contrast, however, the ErbA oncoprotein does efficiently form a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) class of nuclear hormone receptors; complex formation enhances the DNA-binding properties of the ErbA protein but dramatically interferes with the ability of the RXR component to activate gene expression. Our results indicate that the erbA oncogene may play a previously unanticipated role in neoplasia by interfering with RXR function.
Effects of aphids on foliar foraging by Argentine ants and the resulting effects on other arthropods

Although interactions between ants and honeydew-producing insects have received considerable study, relatively little is known about how these interactions alter the behaviour of ants in ways that affect other arthropods. In this study, field and greenhouse experiments were performed that examined how the presence of aphids ( Aphis fabae solanella ) on Solanum nigrum influenced the foraging behaviour of Argentine ants ( Linepithema humile ) and, in turn, modified the extent to which ants deter larval lacewings ( Chrysoperla rufilabris ), which are known aphid predators. 2. A field experiment demonstrated that the level of foliar foraging by ants increased linearly with aphid abundance, whereas no relationship existed between the level of ground foraging by ants and aphid abundance. 3. In the greenhouse, as in the field, foliar foraging by ants greatly increased when aphids were present. Higher levels of foliar foraging led to a twofold increase in the likelihood that ants contacted aphid predators. As a result of these increased encounters with ants, lacewing larvae were twice as likely to be removed from plants with aphids compared with plants without aphids. Once contact was made, however, the behaviour of ants towards lacewing larvae appeared similar between the two experimental groups. 4. Argentine ants drive away or prey upon a diversity of arthropod predators and parasitoids, but they also exhibit aggression towards certain herbivores. Future work should attempt to quantify how the ecological effects that result from interactions between honeydew-producing insects and invasive ants, such as L. humile , differ from those that result from interactions between honeydew-producing insects and native ants.
A breakdown voltage doubler for high voltage swing drivers

A novel breakdown voltage (BV) doubler is introduced that makes it possible to generate high output voltage swings using transistors with low breakdown voltages. The timing analysis of the stage is used to optimize its dynamic response. A 10 Gb/s optical modulator driver with a differential output voltage swing of 8 V on a 50 /spl Omega/ load was implemented in a SiGe BiCMOS process. It uses the BV-doubler topology to achieve output swings twice the collector-emitter breakdown voltage without stressing any single transistor.
High-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling of nanolayers

RATIONALE Although the fundamental physical limits for depth resolution of secondary ion mass spectrometry are well understood in theory, the experimental work to achieve and demonstrate them is still ongoing. We report results of high-resolution TOF SIMS (time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry) depth profiling experiments on a nanolayered structure, a stack of 16 alternating MgO and ZnO ~5.5 nm layers grown on a Si substrate by atomic layer deposition. METHODS The measurements were performed using a newly developed approach implementing a low-energy direct current normally incident Ar+ ion beam for ion milling (250 eV and 500 eV energy), in combination with a pulsed 5 keV Ar+ ion beam at 60° incidence for TOF SIMS analysis. By this optimized arrangement, a noticeably improved version of the dual-beam (DB) approach to TOF SIMS depth profiling is introduced, which can be dubbed gentleDB. RESULTS The mixing-roughness-information model was applied to detailed analysis of experimental results. It revealed that the gentleDB approach allows ultimate depth resolution by confining the ion beam mixing length to about two monolayers. This corresponds to the escape depth of secondary ions, the fundamental depth resolution limitation in SIMS. Other parameters deduced from the measured depth profiles indicated that a single layer thickness is equal to 6 nm so that the 'flat' layer thickness d is 3 nm and the interfacial roughness σ is 1.5 nm, thus yielding d + 2σ = 6 nm. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated that gentleDB TOF SIMS depth profiling with noble gas ion beams is capable of revealing the structural features of a stack of nanolayers, resolving its original surface and estimating the roughness of interlayer interfaces, information which is difficult to obtain by traditional approaches. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
E2F4 Is Exported from the Nucleus in a CRM1-Dependent Manner

E2F is a family of transcription factors required for normal cell cycle control and for cell cycle arrest in G1. E2F4 is the most abundant E2F protein in many cell types. In quiescent cells, it is localized to the nucleus, where it is bound to the retinoblastoma-related protein p130. During entry into the cell cycle, the protein disappears from the nucleus and appears in the cytoplasm. The mechanism by which this change occurs has, in the past, been unclear. We have found that E2F4 is actively exported from the nucleus and that leptomycin B, a specific inhibitor of nuclear export, inhibits this process. E2F4 export is mediated by two hydrophobic export sequences, mutations in either of which result in export failure. Individual export mutants of E2F4, but not a mutant with inactivation of both export signals, can be efficiently excluded from the nucleus by forced coexpression of the nuclear export receptor CRM1. Similarly, CRM1 overexpression can prevent cell cycle arrest induced by the cyclin kinase inhibitor p16(INK4a), an E2F4-dependent process. Taken together, these data suggest that nuclear export contributes to the regulation of E2F4 function, including its ability to regulate exit from G1 in association with a suitable pocket protein.
Characterization of T cell surface glycoproteins T1 and T3 present on all human peripheral T lymphocytes and functionally mature thymocytes

The monoclonal antibodies, anti-T1 and anti-T3, both react with all human peripheral thymus-derived lymphocytes and with 10% of thymocytes; each, however, recognizes different cell surface structures. It was determined that the target antigen of anti-T is a 69 000 molecular weight cell surface glycoprotein and that the T3 antigen is a 19 000 mol. wt. glycoprotein.
Inherent limits on the identification of a neural basis for general intelligence

The target article provides a thoughtful review and synthesis of studies examining the neural basis of cognitive abilities associated with intelligence test performance. In its attempt to present a new or generative theory of the neural basis for intelligence, however, the review faces specific limits to its theoretical model that relate to processes of development and the role of automaticity in cognition.
Advanced training for crisis decision making: simulation, critiquing, and immersive interfaces

Crises demand swift and effective decision making. Yet crises entail unique characteristics that hinder training of personnel with the process knowledge necessary to achieve these two goals. First, crises are, by definition, rare; thus, it is usually not possible for humans to acquire decision-making expertise directly through experience in natural settings. Second, managing crises often involves dealing with massive uncertainty and complexity under conditions of acute stress. Each of these features poses a unique challenge to training. We present an example of a trainer for ship damage control that addresses these challenges. It consists of a first-principles simulator that generates large numbers of realistic scenarios, an immersive multimedia interface that helps replicate decision-making information overload, and a critiquing expert system that provides real-time and post-session feedback on human decision-making performance. Experimental results are presented that indicate that the described computer-based trainer has psychological realism from the standpoint of allowing a trainee to practice decision making processes while under a high level of stress.
Extending SPICE for electro-thermal simulation

A discussion is presented of modifications to the SPICE program that allow the simultaneous simulation of an electrical system and a thermal network. By implicitly defining each device's parameter in terms of instantaneous junction temperature, accurate analyses can be obtained of systems that include significant thermal response. Examples that show temperature-gradient-induced nonlinearity in an operational amplifier and operation of a thermal shutdown system are included
Cardiomyopathy in zebrafish due to mutation in an alternatively spliced exon of titin

The zebrafish embryo is transparent and can tolerate absence of blood flow because its oxygen is delivered by diffusion rather than by the cardiovascular system. It is therefore possible to attribute cardiac failure directly to particular genes by ruling out the possibility that it is due to a secondary effect of hypoxia. We focus here on pickwickm171 (pikm171), a recessive lethal mutation discovered in a large-scale genetic screen. There are three other alleles in the pik complementation group with this phenotype (pikm242, pikm740, pikm186; ref. 3) and one allele (pikmVO62H) with additional skeletal paralysis. The pik heart develops normally but is poorly contractile from the first beat. Aside from the edema that inevitably accompanies cardiac dysfunction, development is normal during the first three days. We show by positional cloning that the 'causative' mutation is in an alternatively-spliced exon of the gene (ttn) encoding Titin. Titin is the biggest known protein and spans the half-sarcomere from Z-disc to M-line in heart and skeletal muscle. It has been proposed to provide a scaffold for the assembly of thick and thin filaments and to provide elastic recoil engendered by stretch during diastole. We found that nascent myofibrils form in pik mutants, but normal sarcomeres are absent. Mutant cells transplanted to wildtype hearts remain thin and bulge outwards as individual cell aneurysms without affecting nearby wildtype cardiomyocytes, indicating that the contractile deficiency is cell-autonomous. Absence of Titin function thus results in blockage of sarcomere assembly and causes a functional disorder resembling human dilated cardiomyopathies, one form of which is described in another paper in this issue.
Law's Information Revolution

Lawyers traditionally have conveyed legal expertise in the form of advice tailored to the needs of individual clients. This business model is reinforced by licensing and ethical rules designed to ensure lawyers' competence and loyalty to clients' interests. The traditional professional model is being challenged by an alternative model based on the sale of legal information in impersonal product and capital markets. In this new world, legal information engineers would to some extent replace legal practitioners. This article provides a theoretical intellectual property framework for the regulatory decisions that must be made as the two models collide. We show that traditional professional regulation inhibits full development of the new business model by limiting intellectual property protection for legal information. This regulation assumes that consumers get legal information in one-to-one relationships with lawyers where they have little ability to evaluate the advice they are receiving. However, a fully developed legal information market could substitute for some of the protection consumers now receive from licensing and ethical rules without the current model's costs of restricting the supply and raising the costs of legal services. We apply our analysis to some actual and potential markets in legal information.
Taxonomic Revision of the Neotropical Genus Psiguria (Cucurbitaceae)

Psiguria is a genus of lianas found throughout the Neotropics from sea level to 2,100 m, in dry or wet forests, in both light gaps and shade. Psiguria and its sister genera, Gurania and Helmontia, are unique among Cucurbitaceae having brightly colored flowers and butterfly and hummingbird pollinators. Historically, taxonomic revisions have described as many as 29 species, but this number has been inflated by misleading characteristics such as variable leaf and flower morphology. A thorough morphological investigation of 758 herbarium specimens and individuals from both greenhouse and natural settings, combined with a recent molecular phylogeny, supports the delineation of six species. In this revision, a review of over 35 yr of publications addressing ecological and natural history studies focusing on Psiguria is presented. A description and a distribution map of each species is provided along with two taxonomic keys: one that utilizes male flowers, and another that incorporates leaf characteristics and geographic distribution but uniquely identifies species according to DNA barcodes. With a list of characters that distinguish all pairs of geographically overlapping species, botanists and ecologists finally have the tools to confidently identify species of Psiguria.
A new framework for behavior modeling of organs and soft tissue using the Boundary-Element Methods

In this paper, a method for modeling the deformation behavior of organs and soft tissue is presented. The purpose is to predict the global deformation effect that arbitrary, time-varying external perturbations have on an organ. The perturbation might be caused by an instrument (e.g., through the surgeonpsilas grasping and pinching actions), or it might be from organ-organ, organ-body-wall collisions in a bodily cavity. A methodology, employing (1) a surface representation based on the Boundary-Element Method-or BEM, of the deformation equations and (2) recently developed linear-algebra techniques (known as the ldquoHierarchical Semi-Separablerdquo matrix representation-or HSS), is proposed. We demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves an almost linear time complexity of O(n1.14), a significant speed up comparing to the traditional O(n3) schemes employing brute-force linear-algebra solution methods based on Finite-Element Method (FEM) formulations. Furthermore, unlike some previous approach, no restriction is placed on the external perturbation pattern and how it can change over time.
Allelic loss of 3 different tumor suppressor gene loci in benign and malignant endothelial tumors of the head and neck.

Abstract Context.—Angiosarcomas are rare malignancies that commonly arise in the head and neck. No definitive precursor lesion or etiological link between hemangiomas and angiosarcoma has been postulated. Evidence at the cell culture level suggests that loss of heterozygosity of 13q might be involved in tumorigenesis of endothelial cells. Although overexpression of p53 and WT-1 has been found in angiosarcoma, little is known about the molecular changes involved. Objective.—This study compared the molecular profile of angiosarcoma with that in some benign vascular lesions. Design.—Specimens from 6 cases of angiosarcoma, 5 of hemangioma, and 5 of granulation tissue were microdissected. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction amplification for 11 microsatellite markers on chromosomes 11p13, 13q14, and 17p13 (WT-1, RB, p53) were performed. Loss of heterozygosity of amplification products was assessed by capillary electrophoresis. Allelic loss and fractional allelic loss were calculated. Results.—The mean...
Adaptive Coordination Protocol for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

We propose adaptive coordination protocol ACP, a lightweight protocol for distributed formation of a backbone over Heterogeneous Wireless Networks. ACP does not require any neighborhood information and consequently scales well with the number of nodes and network size. We present an analytical framework to study the performance of ACP. By making the nodes rotate the role of backbone nodes, we extend the life of the network.
$lambda$d SCATTERING AS A PROBE OF THE $lambda$N CORE POTENTIAL.

Nonlocal separable (NLS), $S$-wave, spin-dependent, central potentials and a Faddeev formalism are used to solve the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}d$ scattering problem. The $\mathrm{NN}$ interaction is represented by an attractive NLS potential. Each of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}N$ interactions is represented by the sum of an attractive and a repulsive (core) NLS potential. Three different forms are used for this core potential, including no core at all. For a given $\ensuremath{\Lambda}N$ spin each $\ensuremath{\Lambda}N$ potential is adjusted to give the same low-energy scattering parameters, and the potentials with a core are adjusted to give the same phase shift over a wide energy range, as that given by a phenomenological local potential with a hard core. The $\ensuremath{\Lambda}N$ wave functions and off-shell transition matrices are compared to see how each reflects the presence of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}N$ core potential. For incident $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ laboratory momentum in the range 100-300 $\frac{\mathrm{MeV}}{c}$ the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}d$ cross sections are reduced by (13-25)%, and they do depend on the off-shell behavior of the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}N$ amplitude.
Gender-Moderated Links between Urgency, Binge Drinking, and Excessive Exercise.

ABSTRACTObjective: Exercise correlates with alcohol use, but the nature of this relation and the extent to which it is maladaptive remains unclear. Urgency and motives for engaging in drinking and exercise might indicate when these behaviors are problematic. The current study examined whether urgency moderated the association between exercise motivated by weight loss and drinking. Participants: College students (N = 589, 45.7% male) completed the study during the spring of 2012. Methods: Participants completed self-report assessment measures, including frequency/quantity of alcohol consumption, exercise for weight loss, and urgency, during a single session. Results: Negative urgency moderated the relation between exercise and alcohol consumption in men but not women; the link between excessive exercise and alcohol use was stronger for men with higher levels of urgency. Conclusions: Further clarification of the mechanisms underlying alcohol use and physical activity—particularly maladaptive approaches to e...
Evaluation of the Egyptian Process of Changing Toward Privatization

This paper discusses the Egyptian experience of privatizing the public owned properties after the financial crisis that took place in the 1980s, when Egypt decided to restructure its debts after taking a loan from the International Monetary Fund. The aim of this thesis is to study the privatization law and regulations that are applied in Egypt from the beginning of the process in 1991 till today. This paper will show how the inadequate drafting of the law and regulations gave the government the chance to abuse its power in a corrupted way that harmed the Egyptian economy and caused the waste of the country’s resources; in addition, the paper will suggest precautions to avoid the negatives of the Egyptian experience in the future.
Using the viscoelastic relaxation of large impact craters to study the thermal history of Mars

We simulate the long-term deformation of Martian craters and investigate the role of lower crustal flow in the evolution of surface and subsurface topography. Using the finite element method and a viscoelastic rheological model, we model the deformation of more than 30 large craters and Quasi-Circular Depressions (QCDs), in the diameter range of ∼200–500 km, in both the Northern Lowlands and Southern Highlands. We determine the most appropriate background heat fluxes that produce the current topography beneath the impacts at the crust–mantle boundary (ranges from 40 to ∼90 mW m−2). Our study shows that a higher background heat flux leads to more relaxation at the surface and subsurface. By applying various viscous creep parameters for hydrous and anhydrous rheologies, we demonstrate that Mars's interior is wet to a certain degree, which is consistent with other estimates. Since craters and QCDs are distributed fairly equally on the surface of the Red Planet, this study provides a less regionally biased picture of the thermal history of early Mars than in previous studies. Based on our results, the ancient average background heat flux in the Northern Lowlands was higher than that of the Southern Highlands, which could indicate that whatever process formed the crustal dichotomy had a thermal signature at least through the middle Noachian.
Phase boundaries with discontinuous stretch and twist in DNA

Abstract The DNA molecule has been modeled for long as an elastic rod capable of resisting stretching, bending and torsion. Experiments over the last two decades have revealed that DNA undergoes several structural transitions depending on the tension, torque and temperature. At fixed temperature the phase diagram of DNA consists of several regions on the tension-torque plane which are separated by coexistence lines. Along these lines two phases of DNA can co-exist by occupying different regions separated by phase boundaries along the molecule. The stretch and twisting curvature are discontinuous across these phase boundaries and the structural transition proceeds by the motion of these boundaries along the length of the molecule. Here we describe a continuum framework to study the propagation of phase boundaries across which the stretch and twisting curvature are discontinuous. We derive an expression for the driving force and assume a kinetic relation for the mobility of these phase boundaries as a function of this driving force. We also develop a finite difference method to integrate the equations of motion for our DNA including the phase boundary. We use it to study the B-DNA to L-DNA transition and the B-DNA to Z-DNA transition at equilibrium and away from it. Our computations match the experiments very well and suggest falsifiable hypotheses that can be tested by new experiments.
Surrogate-Based Modeling and Dimension-Reduction Techniques for Thermo-Fluid and Energy Systems

Successful modeling and/or design of thermo-fluid and energy systems often requires one to address the impact of multiple “design variables” on the prescribed outcome. There are often multiple, competing objectives based on which we assess the outcome of optimization. Since accurate, high fidelity models are typically time consuming and computationally expensive, comprehensive evaluations can be conducted only if an efficient framework is available. Furthermore, informed decisions of model/hardware’s overall performance rely on an adequate understanding of the global, not local, sensitivity of the individual design variables on the objectives. The surrogate-based approach, which involves approximating the objectives as continuous functions of design variables from limited data, offers a rational framework to reduce the number of important input variables, i.e., the dimension of a design or modeling space. In this paper, we discuss the fundamental issues that arise in surrogate-based analysis and optimization, highlighting concepts, methods, techniques, as well as practical implications. To aid the discussions of the issues involved, we will summarize recent efforts in investigating cryogenic cavitating flows, active flow control based on dielectric barrier discharge concepts, and Li-ion batteries.© 2011 ASME
Reply to “Comment on ‘Spherical agglomeration of superconducting and normal microparticles with and without applied electric field’ ”

We argue on experimental and theoretical grounds that the spherical agglomeration of microparticles that we found is not due to moisture as claimed in the Comment by Tao et al. Rather it is the same phenomenon as the ball formation originally reported by Tao, except that our results demonstrate that it is not electric field induced and it is not related to superconductivity, contrary to the claims of Tao et al. We also argue on theoretical and experimental grounds that the electric field is not reduced when the electrodes in the capacitor are insulating rather than conducting, contrary to the claim in the Comment. Our new results give further evidence that Tao's original experiments were flawed.
Photophysics of diphenylacetylene: light from the "dark state".

A weak band at the tail of the known tolane (diphenylacetylene, DPA) fluorescence spectrum in several solvents is assigned to the forbidden 11Au → 11Ag transition on the basis of its lifetime (∼200 ps) and its fluorescence excitation spectra. The 11Au state, generally called the dark state, is not truly dark. We report the temperature (T) dependence of DPA fluorescence quantum yields (ϕf) in methylcyclohexane (MCH) solution and the fluorescence and phosphorescence quantum yields of DPA in glassy MCH at 77 K. Significant differences between fluorescence and phosphorescence excitation spectra reveal that, in addition to the 11B1u ← 11Ag transition, the first DPA absorption band includes a transition to another excited state, most probably the 11B2u state, from which intersystem crossing is more efficient. The T dependence of ϕf values in MCH solution is shown to be consistent with the previously reported T dependence of the lifetimes of transient DPA singlet excited state absorptions in the picosecond time ...
Violent Spectacles and Public Feelings : Trauma and Affect in The Gospel of Mark and The Thunder: Perfect Mind

In both the Gospel of Mark and The Thunder: Perfect Mind, paradoxically powerful voices sound through broken bodies thrown into contact with other broken bodies and social outcasts. While Mark brings a (semi-)divine man into contact with the suffering, sick, and hungry multitudes as he journeys through Galilee and Judea on his way to eventual death at the hands of Roman authorities, Thunder’s (semi-)divine speaker contains these multitudes, inhabiting or being inhabited by them, speaking as many, Legion-like, with no particular narrative climax. Through gender dynamics that express and instigate feelings of vulnerability and humiliation, as well as claims to triumph and divine association, Mark’s Jesus and Thunder’s speaker exemplify and confound social, gendered inflections of vulnerability, virility, and divinity. As texts composed in the midst of cultural upheaval and anticolonial anguish, Mark and Thunder function as trauma narratives that present pained and creative responses to violence and oppression. Following Ann Cvetkovich’s work on public feelings and affective archives, I treat Mark and Thunder as archives of feeling that enable or mark the vital traces of new practices and publics and gesture toward counterpublic responses to trauma.
Reaching beyond Democracy in Educational Policy Analysis.

Educational policy analyses have tended toward either the impact of policies on student achievement or the furthering of progressive ideals, regularly theorized through concepts of democracy. In th...
Quality Analysis of the Staff Engaged in the Work of Expanded Program of Immunization in Dongshan District of Guangzhou City in 2003

Objective To reveal the quality of staff engaged in the work of expanded program of immunization in Dongshan District of Guangzhou city and to provide references for establishing a high quality team.Method The quality of the staff was invesdgated according to professional dtles, age, educational background, and length of service. Result The results indicated that the quality of the staff was a little lower than that was demanded in educational background, professional dtles and age. Conclusions The quantity and quality of the team were basically satisfied for the need of the job. However, there were still some disparity between the present status and the demands of "Golden Standards of Out-padent Clinic".
A comparison of effects of zearalenone and estradiol benzoate on reproductive function during the estrous cycle in gilts.

Effects of estradiol benzoate (EB) and zearalenone (Z) on luteal maintenance and plasma hormone concentrations were studied in 45 gilts. Gilts were allocated to receive either 20 mg Z, 2 mg EB or no treatment (C) on d 1 to 5 (T1), 6 to 10 (T2) or 11 to 15 (T3) of an estrous cycle (five per treatment). Onset of estrus was designated as d 0 of the estrous cycle. Zearalenone was added to the daily ration and EB was administered via an intramuscular injection. Blood samples were collected every 10 min over a 4-h period on the first 2 d prior to onset of treatment; the first, third and fifth days of treatment; and the first two and the fifth day after the end of the treatment periods. Gilts receiving EB and Z during T2 and T3 had longer (P less than .05) inter-estrous intervals than C gilts. The range in inter-estrous intervals for Z and EB treatments was 28 to 74 and 27 to 63 d, respectively. Mean plasma progesterone concentrations were elevated (P less than .05) during T2 and T3 in EB and Z-treated gilts when compared with C females. Estradiol benzoate treatment during T2 and T3 reduced (P less than .05) mean plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations more than C or Z treatments. Mean plasma concentrations of 13, 14-dihydro-, 15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) during T3 were higher (P less than .05) in C and Z gilts on d 13 and 15 post-estrus when compared with EB gilts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mutations in zebrafish pitx2 model congenital malformations in Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome but do not disrupt left-right placement of visceral organs.

Pitx2 is a conserved homeodomain transcription factor that has multiple functions during embryonic development. Mutations in human PITX2 cause autosomal dominant Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS), characterized by congenital eye and tooth malformations. Pitx2−/− knockout mouse models recapitulate aspects of ARS, but are embryonic lethal. To date, ARS treatments remain limited to managing individual symptoms due to an incomplete understanding of PITX2 function. In addition to regulating eye and tooth development, Pitx2 is a target of a conserved Nodal (TGFβ) signaling pathway that mediates left-right (LR) asymmetry of visceral organs. Based on its highly conserved asymmetric expression domain, the Nodal-Pitx2 axis has long been considered a common denominator of LR development in vertebrate embryos. However, functions of Pitx2 during asymmetric organ morphogenesis are not well understood. To gain new insight into Pitx2 function we used genome editing to create mutations in the zebrafish pitx2 gene. Mutations in the pitx2 homeodomain caused phenotypes reminiscent of ARS, including aberrant development of the cornea and anterior chamber of the eye and reduced or absent teeth. Intriguingly, LR asymmetric looping of the heart and gut was normal in pitx2 mutants. These results suggest conserved roles for Pitx2 in eye and tooth development and indicate Pitx2 is not required for asymmetric looping of zebrafish visceral organs. This work establishes zebrafish pitx2 mutants as a new animal model for investigating mechanisms underlying congenital malformations in ARS and high-throughput drug screening for ARS therapeutics. Additionally, pitx2 mutants present a unique opportunity to identify new genes involved in vertebrate LR patterning. We show Nodal signaling—independent of Pitx2—controls asymmetric expression of the fatty acid elongase elovl6 in zebrafish, pointing to a potential novel pathway during LR organogenesis.
The Painful Eye: Neuro-Ophthalmic Causes

A physician should have a better appreciation of diseases that can cause significant ocular morbidity and, in some cases, death. This article describes some of the painful eye syndromes associated with ocular, orbital, and intracranial disease. Differential diagnosis, clinical findings, laboratory investigation, and treatment are reviewed.
Non-Markovian Stochastic Reduced Equations on the Fly

In this chapter, we consider a new stochastic PM candidate obtained as the pullback limit associated with the two-layer backward-forward system of Chap. 4; and we illustrate that the corresponding reduced system, when applied to the stochastic Burgers-type equation introduced in Chap. 6, provides better performances in modeling the dynamics of the resolved modes when compared with those achieved by the reduced system based on \(\widehat{h}^{(1)}_\lambda \). Methodological aspects are presented in Sects. 7.1 and 7.2, where a numerical procedure is described to determine “on the fly” the reduced random vector field (based on \(\widehat{h}^{(2)}_\lambda \)) along a trajectory \(\xi (t,\omega )\) generated by the latter as the time is advanced. This method is particularly useful when no analytic formulas of \(\widehat{h}^{(2)}_\lambda \) are available. The substitutive cornerstone in this case, is the pullback characterization of \(\widehat{h}^{(2)}_\lambda \) given by ( 4.45), which allows us to update the reduced vector field once \(\xi (t,\omega )\) is known at a particular time instance \(t\). As illustrated on the stochastic Burgers-type equation, it is shown in Sect. 7.5 that the statistics of the large excursions present in the SPDE dynamics projected onto the resolved modes are reproduced with a very good accuracy from simulations of the reduced dynamics based on \(\widehat{h}^{(2)}_\lambda \).
A new web personalization decision-support artifact for utility-sensitive customer review analysis

In recent years there has been increased consumer use of the vast array of online reviews. Given the increasingly high volume of such reviews, automatic analyses of their quality have become imperative. Not surprisingly, this situation has attracted the interest of researchers. However, prior approaches are insufficient to address the consumers' need for non-burdensome sense making of online reviews. This research attempts to close this gap by proposing novel design science artifacts (i.e. construct, architecture, algorithms and prototype) to address the consumers' need. We evaluate these artifacts using a set of experiments and hypothesis tests. The results validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed artifacts. We demonstrate their practical utility and relevance using real world pilot experiments. This paper contributes theoretical knowledge to the review quality literature and, what we believe is the first exemplifier for adequately validating the solutions of review quality research. This paper provides an effective and efficient solution for consumers sense-making of online reviews.Interactive web personalization artifacts are proposed with validating their superior performance.This paper contributes the knowledge of how-to-design decision support systems for consumers sense-making of online reviews.This paper contributes the first exemplifier for adequately validating the solutions of review quality research.
Geometric analysis of φ4 fields and Ising models. Parts I and II

We provide here the details of the proof, announced in [1], that ind>4 dimensions the (even) φ4 Euclidean field theory, with a lattice cut-off, is inevitably free in the continuum limit (in the single phase regime). The analysis is nonperturbative, and is based on a representation of the field variables (or spins in Ising systems) as source/sink creation operators in a system of random currents — which may be viewed as the mediators of correlations. In this dual representation, the onset of long-range-order is attributed to percolation in an ensemble of sourceless currents, and the physical interaction in the φ4 field — and other aspects of the critical behavior in Ising models — are directly related to the intersection properties of long current clusters. An insight into the criticality of the dimensiond=4 is derived from an analogy (foreseen by K. Symanzik) with the intersection properties of paths of Brownian motion. Other results include the proof that in certain respect, the critical behavior in Ising models is in exact agreement with the mean-field approximation in high dimensionsd>4, but not in the low dimensiond=2 — for which we establish the “universality” of hyperscaling.
Development of High Power Density Metal-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Symmetric-structure metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) are fabricated by infiltrating catalysts on both anode and cathode side. Various aspects of the infiltration process are optimized. Performance is found to be sensitive to precursor dilution, catalyst loading, and catalyst calcining temperature. For an optimized cell with lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) as cathode and Sm0.2Ce0.8O2−δ mixed with Ni (SDCN) as anode, peak power densities of 0.44, 1.1, and 1.9 W cm−2 are achieved at 600, 700, and 800 °C, respectively. A fully symmetric MS-SOFC with SDCN as both the anode and cathode sides achieves moderate peak power densities of 0.12, 0.37, and 0.76 W cm−2 at 600, 700, and 800 °C, respectively. A solvent-based infiltration technique is also explored and found to be more effective than capillary forces alone but not as effective as vacuum infiltration.
Computational multispectral flash

Illumination plays an important role in the image capture process. Too little or too much energy in particular wavelengths can impact the scene appearance in a way that is difficult to manage by color constancy post processing methods. We use an adjustable multispectral flash to modify the spectral illumination of a scene. The flash is composed of a small number of narrowband lights, and the imaging system takes a sequence of images of the scene under each of those lights. Pixel data is used to estimate the spectral power distribution of the ambient light, and to adjust the flash spectrum either to match or to complement the ambient illuminant. The optimized flash spectrum can be used in subsequent captures, or a synthetic image can be computationally rendered from the available data. Under extreme illumination conditions images captured with the matching flash have no color cast, and the complementary flash produces more balanced colors. The proposed system also improves the quality of images captured in underwater environments.