cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the least significant p-adic digits of certain Lucas numbers

We calculate the least significant p-ary digits of certain Lucas numbers Vn = Vn(P,Q) with V0 = 2, V1 = P and Vn = PVn 1 QVn 2 for n 2. We base our study on an observation regarding these numbers: as m increases, more and more p-adic digits match in Vkpm with integer k 1. We use multisection identities for generating functions and derive congruences for the underlying sequences.
Chapter 6. The origin and diversification of complex traits through micro- and macroevolution of development: insights from horned beetles.

Abstract Understanding how development and ecology shape organismal evolution is a central goal of evolutionary developmental biology. This chapter highlights a class of traits and organisms that are emerging as new models in evo‐devo and eco‐devo research: beetle horns and horned beetles. Horned beetles are morphologically diverse, ecologically rich, and developmentally and genetically increasingly accessible. Recent studies have begun to take advantage of these attributes and are starting to link the microevolution of horned beetle development to the macroevolution of novel features, and to identify the genetic, developmental, and ecological mechanisms, and the interactions between them, that mediate organismal innovation and diversification in natural populations. Here, I review the most significant recent findings and their contributions to current frontiers in evolutionary developmental biology.
Exploring automatic prostate histopathology image gleason grading via local structure modeling

Gleason-grading of prostate cancer pathology specimens reveal the malignancy of the cancer tissues, thus provides critical guidance for prostate cancer diagnoses and treatment. Computer-aided automatic grading methods have been providing efficient and result-consistent alternative to traditional manually slide reading approach, through statistical and structural feature analysis of the digitized pathology slides. In this paper, we propose a novel automatic Gleason grading algorithm through local structure model learning and classification. We use attributed graph to represent the tissue glandular structures in histopathology images; representative sub-graphs features were learned as bags-of-words features from labeled samples of each grades. Then structural similarity between sub-graphs in the unlabeled images and the representative sub-graphs were obtained using the learned codebook. Gleason grade was given based on an overall similarity score. We validated the proposed algorithm on 300 prostate histopathology images from the TCGA dataset, and the algorithm achieved average grading accuracy of 91.25%, 76.36% and 64.75% on images with Gleason grade 3, 4 and 5 respectively.
Target Serum Urate: Do Gout Patients Know Their Goal?

Objective To examine gout patients’ knowledge of their condition, including the central role of achieving and maintaining the serum urate (SU) goal with the use of urate-lowering therapy (ULT). Methods This study of 612 gout patients was conducted at a Veterans Affairs medical center. Gout patients were included based on administrative diagnostic codes and receipt of at least 1 allopurinol prescription over a 1-year period. Questionnaires were mailed to patients and linked to medical records data. The questionnaire included gout-specific knowledge questions, the Patient Activation Measure, and self-reported health outcomes. Knowledge was assessed descriptively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of SU goal knowledge. Associations of knowledge with health outcomes were examined in exploratory analyses. Results The questionnaire had a 62% response rate. Only 14% of patients knew their SU goal, while the majority answered correctly for the other 5 gout-specific knowledge questions. In adjusted analyses, having a rheumatologist as initial prescriber (odds ratio [OR] 3.0 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.4–6.2]) and knowing all of the other 5 gout-specific knowledge questions (OR 2.1 [95% CI 1.3–3.4]) were associated with greater odds of knowing the SU goal. SU goal knowledge was associated with self-reported global health status, but not with self-reported health-related quality of life or gout-specific health status. Conclusion There is a knowledge deficit regarding the SU treatment goal among gout patients receiving ULT, despite generally high levels of other gout-specific knowledge. SU goal information may be an important and underutilized concept among providers treating gout patients.
Modulation of Immune Responses by Extracellular Vesicles From Retinal Pigment Epithelium.

Purpose Extracellular vesicles (EV), such as exosomes, are important mediators of intercellular communication and have been implicated in modulation of the immune system. We investigated if EV released from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) modulate immune responses in vitro. Methods Extracellular vesicles were isolated from ARPE-19 cultures stimulated or not with the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Isolated EV were characterized by nanoparticle flow and Western blot analyses. Retinal pigment epithelium-derived EV were cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which were assayed for T-cell proliferation by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Retinal pigment epithelium-derived EV were also independently cultured with enriched lymphocytes or monocytes. Cell phenotype and cell death were evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. Cytokine levels were assayed in culture supernatants by multiplex bead analysis. Results The concentration of ARPE-derived EV from cytokine-stimulated cultures was slightly higher than from nonstimulated cultures. The size of EV was approximately 100 nm in both groups. Extracellular vesicles from both nonstimulated and cytokine-stimulated ARPE-19 significantly inhibited T-cell proliferation without affecting T-cell viability. Culture of EV from nonstimulated ARPE-19 with undifferentiated human monocytes induced an immunoregulatory phenotype with a significantly higher percentage of CD14++CD16+ monocytes and upregulation of TGF-β1. Culture of EV from cytokine-stimulated ARPE-19 cells with human monocytes induced upregulation of several proinflammatory cytokines and monocyte death. Conclusions Retinal pigment epithelium cells constitutively secrete EV in the size range of exosomes, with increased release from RPE cells stimulated with inflammatory cytokines. Extracellular vesicles from both nonstimulated and cytokine-stimulated RPE inhibited T-cell stimulation. Extracellular vesicles from nonstimulated ARPE-19 cells promoted an immunoregulatory CD14++CD16+ phenotype in human monocytes, while EV from cytokine-stimulated ARPE-19 cells caused human monocyte death. These findings suggest that RPE cells use EV to induce a downregulatory immune environment under homeostatic conditions. In an inflammatory milieu, RPE-derived EV may mitigate a potentially harmful inflammatory response through killing of monocytes.
Religious Charter Schools: Legalities and Practicalities, by Lawrence D. Weinberg

Advocates for educational freedom have often pinned their hopes on vouchers as the salvation for the increasing number of nongovernment schools—especially those serving the poor—that are being forc...
Evaluation of an Al-Ce alloy for laser additive manufacturing

Abstract This study focuses on the development of a design methodology for alloys in AM, using a newly developed Al-Ce alloy as an initial case study. To evaluate the candidacy of this system for directed energy deposition processes, single-line laser melts were made on cast Al-12Ce plates using three different beam velocities (100, 200, and 300 mm/min). The microstructure was evaluated in the as-melted and heat treated conditions (24 h at 300 °C). An extremely fine microstructure was observed within the melt pools, evolving from eutectic at the outer solid-liquid boundaries to a primary Al FCC dendritic/cellular structure nearer the melt-pool centerline. The observed microstructures were rationalized through the construction of a microstructure selection map for the Al-Ce binary system, which will be used to enable future alloy design. Interestingly, the heat treated samples exhibited no microstructural coarsening.
Minnelide Inhibits Androgen Dependent, Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer Growth by Decreasing Expression of Androgen Receptor Full Length and Splice Variants.

BACKGROUND With almost 30,000 deaths per year, prostate cancer is the second-leading cause of cancer-related death in men. Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) has been the corner stone of prostate cancer treatment for decades. However, despite an initial response of prostate cancer to ADT, this eventually fails and the tumors recur, resulting in Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC). Triptolide, a diterpene triepoxide, has been tested for its anti-tumor properties in a number of cancers for over a decade. Owing to its poor solubility in aqueous medium, its clinical application had been limited. To circumvent this problem, we have synthesized a water-soluble pro-drug of triptolide, Minnelide, that is currently being evaluated in a Phase 1 clinical trial against gastrointestinal tumors. In the current study, we assessed the therapeutic potential of Minnelide and its active compound triptolide against androgen dependent prostate cancer both in vitro as well as in vivo. METHODS Cell viability was measured by a MTT based assay after treating prostate cancer cells with multiple doses of triptolide. Apoptotic cell death was measured using a caspase 3/7 activity. Androgen Receptor (AR) promoter-binding activity was evaluated by using luciferase reporter assay. For evaluating the effect in vivo, 22Rv1 cells were implanted subcutaneously in animals, following which, treatment was started with 0.21 mg/kg Minnelide. RESULTS Our study showed that treatment with triptolide induced apoptotic cell death in CRPC cells. Triptolide treatment inhibited AR transcriptional activity and decreased the expression of AR and its splice variants both at the mRNA and the protein level. Our studies show that triptolide inhibits nuclear translocation of Sp1, resulting in its decreased transcriptional activity leading to downregulation of AR and its splice variants in prostate cancer cells. In vivo, Minnelide (0.21 mg/kg) regressed subcutaneous tumors derived from CRPC 22RV1 at our study endpoint. Our animal studies further confirmed that Minnelide was more efficacious than the standard of care therapies, Docetaxel and Enzalutamide. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that Minnelide is very effective as a therapeutic option against CRPC at a dose that is currently tolerated by patients in the ongoing clinical trials. Prostate © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Many More Names of (7, 3, 1)

The (7, 3, 1) block design is an object that shows up in many areas of mathematics. In fact, (7, 3, 1) seems to appear again and again in unexpected places. A 2002 paper described (7, 3, 1)'s conne...
Measuring Women’s Judicial Empowerment as Part of Political Empowerment

Scholars and activists measuring women’s political empowerment have consistently ignored the judiciary. Studying women’s judicial representation comparatively, within and between countries as well as within supranational institutions, shows how adaptive women are in developing strategies that fit their political culture, even those cultures that seem to have built-in headwinds to women’s equality. I consider three case studies, Egypt, Kenya, and the state of Louisiana. Women’s political empowerment is a process rather than a discrete point. (We must do far more than knit together scholars and keep track of numbers, quotas or gender balance requirements, and troubling episodes.) We need a sustained political movement to focus attention on courts.
Applying Simulated Annealing and Parallel Computing to the Mobile Sequential Recommendation

We speed up the solution of the mobile sequential recommendation (MSR) problem that requires searching optimal routes for empty taxi cabs through mining massive taxi GPS data. We develop new methods that combine parallel computing and the simulated annealing with novel global and local searches. While existing approaches usually involve costly offline algorithms and methodical pruning of the search space, our new methods provide direct real-time search for the optimal route without the offline preprocessing. Our methods significantly reduce computational time for the high dimensional MSR problems from days to seconds based on the real-world data as well as the synthetic ones. We efficiently provide solutions to MSR problems with thousands of pick-up points without offline training, compared to the published record of 25 pick-up points.
The Alpha Taxonomy of Australopithecus africanus

The identification of species in the fossil record has long vexed paleontologists because of its inherent difficulty, and it has long preoccupied them because of its fundamental significance. Australopithecus africanus exemplifies this difficulty and importance. This species, as commonly defined, is viewed by some as having played a role in the evolution of the genus Homo, while others consider it to have been uniquely related to Paranthropus. A third opinion places it near the base of the evolutionary divergence of the “robust” australopith and human lineages. Various analyses find A. africanus to be phylogenetically unstable, and this is almost certainly owing to its craniodental variability. This has led to questions concerning the taxonomic homogeneity of the assemblages from Taung, Sterkfontein, and Makapansgat that comprise its hypodigm. Initial discoveries at these sites were attributed to different species and possibly genera, but subsequent studies suggested that these fossils represent a single, albeit variable taxon. This paradigm has become current conventional paleoanthropological wisdom, but observations about the degree and pattern of variability evinced by these fossils have raised anew the possibility that the A. africanus hypodigm is taxonomically heterogeneous. Various workers have proposed that at least some of these fossils belong to a different taxon, but there is notable lack of agreement over the manner in which they should be sorted. Morphometric studies tend to find little, if any, support for taxonomic heterogeneity, but they may not have directly addressed those features that have been suggested to differ. Novel innovative technological and quantitative approaches are required to adequately address the possible taxonomic heterogeneity of the A. africanus hypodigm.
Devices for Quantitative Analysis

Since the development of the first quantitative method of microscopic analysis by Deles se (1) who mathematically demonstrated the area and volume relations of any random cross section of a uniform aggregate, many techniques and improved methods have been developed and applied to this endeavor. These improvements included both the mathematical means (2, 3) for describing and evaluating a given system as well as the equipment developed to actually make the measurements and perform the data acquisition and reduction. Because of this, the role of quantitative microscopy, or stereology as it is more generally referred to today, is being used in the solution of an ever increasing number of problems encompassing a wide variety of scientific disciplines as well as a number of different types of image forming devices.
Role of cyclic nucleotides in rapid platelet adhesion to collagen

Adhesion of human platelets to type I collagen under arterial flow conditions is extremely fast, being mediated primarily by the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin (glycoprotein Ia/IIa). We have investigated the involvement of cyclic nucleotides in platelet adhesion to soluble native collagen immobilized on Sepharose beads using a new microadhesion assay under arterial flow conditions. To prevent platelet stimulation by thromboxanes and adenosine diphosphate (ADP), experiments were performed with aspirin-treated platelets in the presence of ADP-removing enzyme systems such as creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase or apyrase. Rapid reciprocal changes in platelet adenosine 3′5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3′5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) occurred during adhesion. cAMP levels in adherent platelets were 2.4-fold lower than in effluent platelets or in static controls, whereas cGMP levels were increased 2.4-fold. These results suggest that contact between platelets and collagen stimulates guanylate cyclase and inhibits adenylate cyclase. This occurs in the absence of the platelet release reaction. We also studied short-term effects of agents that regulate cyclic nucleotide synthesis, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). After only 3.8 seconds at 10 to 30 dyne/cm2, PGE1 (10 mumol/L) increased cAMP 16.4- fold, whereas SNP (50 mumol/L) increased cGMP ninefold and caused a 3.2- fold increase in cAMP. Both PGE1 and SNP rapidly (< 5 seconds) inhibited platelet adhesion in a dose-dependent manner that was correlated with the increase in cyclic nucleotides. Our data suggest that cAMP and cGMP play a regulatory role in the initial phases of platelet adhesion to collagen mediated by the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin receptor.
Directional ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux and apoB-lipoprotein secretion in the retinal pigment epithelium

Cholesterol-containing soft drusen and subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDDs) occur at the basolateral and apical side of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), respectively, in the chorioretina and are independent risk factors for late age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Cholesterol in these deposits could originate from the RPE as nascent HDL or apoB-lipoprotein. We characterized cholesterol efflux and apoB-lipoprotein secretion in RPE cells. Human RPE cells, ARPE-19, formed nascent HDL that was similar in physicochemical properties to nascent HDL formed by other cell types. In highly polarized primary human fetal RPE (phfRPE) monolayers grown in low-lipid conditions, cholesterol efflux to HDL was moderately directional to the apical side and much stronger than ABCA1-mediated efflux to apoA-I at both sides; ABCA1-mediated efflux was weak and equivalent between the two sides. Feeding phfRPE monolayers with oxidized or acetylated LDL increased intracellular levels of free and esterified cholesterol and substantially raised ABCA1-mediated cholesterol efflux at the apical side. phfRPE monolayers secreted apoB-lipoprotein preferentially to the apical side in low-lipid and oxidized LDL-feeding conditions. These findings together with evidence from human genetics and AMD pathology suggest that RPE-generated HDL may contribute lipid to SDDs.
Signals of Opportunity: Enabling New Science Outside of Protected Bands

Signals-of-opportunity (SoOp) is a new technique for microwave remote sensing, re-utilizing powerful satellite transmissions as illumination sources for bistatic radar. SoOp has some beneficial characteristics of both active and passive microwave techniques, as well as its own unique features. These include the high signal to noise ratio resulting from the forward-scatter configuration, the use of a direct signal for calibration, and a resolution that is usually set by the signal bandwidth, rather than antenna pattern (assuming a sufficiently wide beam antenna, similar to pulse-limited altimetry). Perhaps the most revolutionary advancement possible with SoOp, however, is the capability of making remote sensing measurements outside of spectral bands protected for science applications. In this overview, a summary of ongoing research using broadcast signals allocated for space-to-earth communications will be presented. This work spans multiple Earth science applications and frequencies ranging from P- to Ka-band.At the lower frequency end, spaceborne P-band remote sensing has been a challenge due to the large antennas required, radio frequency interference from spaceborne and terrestrial UHF communications, and competition for spectrum. P-band, due to its ability to penetrate vegetation and soil layers, would enable new hydrological science through direct measurement of snow and root-zone soil moisture.At the upper end, several commercial and government-operated satellite constellations broadcast high bandwidth (> 500 MHz) and high power (> 50 dBW) sources. Full-bandwidth coastal altimetry has been demonstrated from fixed locations, with error models predicting cm-level sea surface height precision from orbit. The distribution of these sources promises improved coastal altimetry from small satellite constellations.
Withering Gongzhi: Cyber Criticism of Chinese Public Intellectuals

This article explores why the term “public intellectual” has turned into a disgraceful label in Chinese cyberspace. Through examining how netizens have constructed the negative perception of “public intellectuals,” it shows that the Internet has not only empowered regime critics, but also promoted pluralization of expression by bringing different values, beliefs and identities into contact with an unprecedented frequency and intensity. The denigration of public intellectuals illustrates the contestation between digitally expressed civility and incivility, which has yet to be sufficiently discussed. Findings in this study also suggest that “authoritarian resilience” depends on the regime’s adaptability as well as the dynamics between its supporters and challengers.
(147) Relation of Fibromyalgia Severity and the Exercise-Induced Pain Response, Prognostic or Inconsequential?

This study investigated the relation of fibromyalgia severity on the acute pain response following isometric and dynamic muscle contractions. Thirty-four participants with fibromyalgia (52.5±11.9yr.; BMI:31.1±6.1; 32 women) completed a quiet rest and two randomized exercise sessions (isometric or dynamic) of the elbow flexors matched for intensity, duration, and duty-cycle. The quiet rest session included assessment of fibromyalgia severity (Fibromyalgia Symptom Scale [FS]), conditioned pain modulation (CPM), and mechanical temporal summation (TS). CPM was assessed by measuring the change in pressure pain thresholds (PPT) at the biceps and quadriceps muscles prior to and during immersion of the foot in noxious ice water. TS was measured as the change in pain ratings during application of a constant mechanical stimulus to the index finger for two-minutes. Exercise sessions included assessment of PPT at the biceps and quadriceps muscles, TS, and self-report whole-body pain (0-10 VAS) before and immediately after exercise. FS correlated with baseline TS (r=0.343, p=0.047) but not with CPM (p>0.05) or the change in PPT following both exercise types (p>0.05). Only isometric contractions lead to a significant decrease in TS (p=0.042) and FS correlated with this change (r=-0.465, p=0.006). Whole-body pain increased following isometric (p=0.049) and dynamic (p
Race/ethnicity and carotid care: Separate and unequal.

It has been 53 years since Dr. Martin Luther King uttered the iconic words, “Of all the forms of inequality, injustice in health care is the most shocking and inhumane.”1 The fact that more than a half century later, articles and editorials about health inequality are still necessary underscores the need for all of us in clinical medicine to act to remedy this situation. In this issue of Neurology ®, Faigle et al.2 shift the attention away from individual demographic differences to focus on differences in the hospitals providing stroke care. The authors report that hospitals that predominantly serve minority populations (≥40% minority patients) perform fewer carotid procedures for stroke that are presumably caused by carotid disease, compared with hospitals with mostly non-Hispanic white clients (<40% minority patients). The difference was not large: 21.2% in the majority-serving hospitals vs 17.6% in the minority-serving hospitals.
Collapsin Response-Mediator Protein 5-Associated Retinitis, Vitritis, and Optic Disc Edema.

Purpose Collapsin response-mediator protein 5 (CRMP5) immunoglobulin G (IgG) has been associated with paraneoplastic optic neuritis, vitritis, retinitis, or a combination thereof, but few reports of these findings exist in the literature. We reviewed the neuro-ophthalmic findings and visual outcomes in a large series of CRMP5 IgG–positive patients to characterize further its clinical phenotype and response to treatment. Design Retrospective case series. Participants Seventy-six patients with CRMP5 autoimmunity examined at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Methods Single academic medical center chart review of all CRMP5 IgG–positive (serum titer, >1:240) patients seen between 2001 and 2017. Main Outcome Measures Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations and outcomes of CRMP5 autoimmunity, coexisting neural autoantibody presence and paraneoplastic associations, and the impact of immunosuppressant therapy. Results Twenty-nine of 76 patients (38%) demonstrated neuro-ophthalmic manifestations. Of the 29 patients with neuro-ophthalmic findings, the median age was 67 years (range, 33–88 years) and 20 (69%) were women. Cancer was diagnosed in 62% of the patients (small-cell carcinoma in 83%). Neuro-ophthalmic symptoms occurred before the diagnosis of cancer in 72%. Seventeen of 29 patients (59%) showed ocular (i.e., anterior visual pathway or intraocular) manifestations; presenting median visual acuity was 20/50 (range, 20/20–counting fingers) and the final median visual acuity was 20/40 (range, 20/20–hand movements). Fourteen of 17 patients (82%) demonstrated optic neuropathy, with 12 of these patients also showing retinitis or uveitis. Three of 17 patients (18%) showed retinitis or uveitis without optic neuropathy. All 12 patients with optic neuropathy and a documented fundus examination at visual symptom onset demonstrated optic disc edema. No patients showed optic nerve enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging. Twelve of 29 patients (41%) demonstrated ocular motility dysfunction consisting of central nystagmus and diplopia. Among those receiving immunosuppressive therapy, visual function improved in 50%. Conclusions In our cohort of 29 CRMP5 IgG–positive patients with neuro-ophthalmic manifestations, optic neuropathy presented with optic disc edema, often associated with uveitis, retinitis, or both. The combination of retinitis, vitritis, and optic disc edema without optic nerve enhancement should prompt serologic testing for CRMP5 IgG to expedite vision-sparing immunosuppressant therapy and a targeted search for a systemic cancer.
Magnetic Field Measurement and Analysis for the Muon g-2 Experiment

The Muon g-2 Experiment (E989) at Fermilab measures the muon magnetic anomaly, aiming to resolve the greater than 3$\sigma$ discrepancy between the previous measurement and the Standard Model calculation with an improved precision of 140 part-per-billion (ppb). In E989, the muon beam is stored in a ring magnet. The spin precession frequency $\omega_{a}$ is measured by counting the decay positrons in 24 calorimeters, and the magnetic field is measured by nuclear magnet resonance (NMR) probes. An in-vacuum field scanning system consisting of NMR probes and read-out electronics has been implemented to measure the magnetic field applied to the muon beam. An additional 378 NMR probes, placed at fixed locations outside the vacuum chamber, monitor the field drift in between field scans. A high-accuracy probe was designed for calibrating the probes in the scanner. In this presentation, the magnetic field measurement hardware system and analysis methods will be described in detail. The progress of the Run-1 data analysis and improvements in Run-2 will be presented as well.
Abstract 2497: Topological data analysis revealed complexity behind ER positive breast cancer subtypes in TCGA transcriptome data

Introduction: Breast cancer subtyping is still not fully agreed among oncologists. Today, many guidelines separate patients into four subtypes, luminal A, luminal B, Her2 positive, and triple negative breast cancers. However, distinction between luminal A and luminal B cases is not clear cut although many use Ki67 index. As more treatment options including immune checkpoint blockade are available, it is imperative to define strata and to find optimum treatments for each stratum. Method: TCGA BRCA transcriptome data (BRCA-UQ) is used, which has a sample size of 1089. We employed topological data analysis (TDA) which can handle high dimensional nature of transcriptome data in elegant manner. For characterization of the clusters, we used clinical data such as metastasis status, tumor sizes, age of diagnosis, survival, and pathological data and molecular data including PIK3CA, TP53, GATA3 mutations, MYC amplification, 8p23.2 deletion, 16q24.3 deletion, and tumor mutation burden (TMB). In addition, state of tumor microenvironment is assessed using CD45 expression for tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TIL) and HOXD12 expression for cancer associated fibroblast (CAF). Results: TDA cleanly clustered breast cancer transcriptome data separating ER+, Her2+ and triple negative cases. However, among ER+ cases, boundary between Luminal A and Luminal B is vague except for ER+/Her2+ cases. In ER+ cases, there are four clusters with poor prognosis. One has PIK3CA mutation, high MYC, and low TIL. Another cluster is characterized by GATA3 mutations. The other has low TIL and PIK3CA mutations. Also, high CAF cluster coincides with poor prognosis ones. Conclusions: The study revealed complexity behind ER+ breast cancer stratification from molecular and clinical perspectives. A TDA based method will likely to classify a patient into a right stratum better than conventional methods. Identified clusters with high TIL and high TMB which are good candidates for immune checkpoint blockade. Further study on identification of optimal treatments for each stratum will be warranted. Citation Format: Takahiko Koyama, Aldo G. Saenz, Laxmi Parida. Topological data analysis revealed complexity behind ER positive breast cancer subtypes in TCGA transcriptome data [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2497.
The effect of motor engagement on memory: Testing a motor-induced encoding account

The motor system is traditionally thought to reflect the output of cognition. However, the inverse relationship of how the motor system impacts cognitive processes is less known. Work on this interaction has demonstrated that recognition memory for stimuli presented in combination with the inhibition of a prepared action is weaker compared to stimuli associated with the execution of an action (Chiu & Egner, Psychological Science, 26, 27-38, 2015a). This effect has been explained through competition for common neural resources: to the extent that response inhibition processes are recruited, fewer resources are available for memory encoding (Chiu & Egner, Journal of Neuroscience, 35, 11936-11945, 2015b). Alternatively, it has been proposed that action execution enhances memory encoding (Yebra et al., Nature Communications, 10(1), 1-12, 2019). In this report, we examined how recognition memory for stimuli paired with both the preparation and execution of a motor response compare to stimuli absent of any motor processes. We first replicated Chiu and Egner (2015a, 2015b). Next, we added a motor-neutral condition as a baseline comparison. Across three experiments, recognition memory for stimuli associated with action execution was superior to stimuli absent of motor demands. More importantly, we found that recognition memory for stimuli associated with motor preparation, but no subsequent execution, was also superior to stimuli that did not engage the motor system (Experiments 2a and 2b). These results support a motor-induced encoding effect, in which the degree of motor processing (both action preparation and action execution) enhanced memory encoding.
“It Changes Me from Nothing to Something”: Identifying Educative-Psychic Violence in a Public Diplomacy Program for Nonelite Youths

Since 2004, the English Access Microscholarship Program, a U.S. public diplomacy initiative, has impacted at least 150,000 nonelite youths. U.S. Department of State employees created the program in response to suicide bombings committed by Moroccan youths at international sites in Casablanca. The program later expanded throughout the Middle East and then across the world, eventually operating in more than eighty-five countries for students aged thirteen to twenty. [Author’s name] examines images promoted by the program associated with the mission for students to develop an “appreciation for U.S. culture and democratic values through cultural enhancement activities” using critical concepts such as educative-psychic violence and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s description of education as a cultural bomb. Troubling content promoted by the program features students depicting themselves as lacking dignity and worth paired with portrayals of gaining dignity and worth through their participation in the program. Additionally, the program’s “cultural enhancement activities” intended to promote “appreciation for U.S. culture and democratic values” often occur in communities deeply impacted by the U.S.-led War on Terror and amid dramatic economic and military power differentials. Finally, [the author’s] analysis encourages academic engagement with policy makers on the use of education within public diplomacy initiatives.
Mental toughness in youth sport coaches: A phenomenological exploration

The growing privatization and professionalization of youth sport have undeniably resulted in an increase in the demands for coaches who work with children and adolescents. Researchers have suggeste...
A new structural analysis/synthesis capability - ACCESS

The creation of an efficient automated capability for minimum weight design of structures is reported. The ACCESS 1 computer program combines finite element analysis techniques and mathematical programming algorithms using an innovative collection of approximation concepts. Design variable linking, constraint deletion techniques and approximate analysis methods are used to generate a sequence of small explicit mathematical programming problems which retain the essential features of the design problem. Organization of the finite element analysis is carefully matched to the design optimization task. The efficiency of the ACCESS 1 program is demonstrated by giving results for several example problems.
Aortic valve replacement among patients with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Background Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has made palliation from aortic stenosis more broadly available to populations previously thought to be too high risk for surgery, such as those with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD); however, its safety and effectiveness in this context are uncertain. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of national Medicare beneficiaries, aged 66 and older with Parts A and B, between 2010 and 2016. Patients undergoing AVR were identified, and follow-up was available through 2017. Multivariable regression was used to measure the independent association between having a diagnosis of ADRD at the time of AVR, stratified by TAVR and surgery, and outcomes (mortality and Medicare institutional days at 1 year after AVR). Results The average rate of increase in AVR per year was 17.5 cases per 100,000 ADRD and 8.4 per 100,000 non-ADRD beneficiaries, largely driven by more rapid adoption of TAVR. Adjusted mortality following AVR declined significantly between those treated in 2010 and 2016, from 13.5% (95% CI 10.2%-17.7%) to 6.3% (95% CI 5.2%-7.6%) and from 13.7% (95% CI 12.7%-14.7%) to 6.3% (95% CI 5.8%-6.9%) in those with and without ADRD, respectively. The sharpest decline was noted for patients undergoing TAVR between 2011 and 2016, with adjusted mortality declining from 19.9% (95% CI 11.2%-32.8%) to 5.2% (95% CI 4.1%-6.5%) and from 12.2% (95% CI 9.3%-15.8%) to 5.0% (95% CI 4.4%-5.6%) in patients with and without ADRD, respectively. Similar declines were evident for Medicare institutional days in the year after AVR in both patient groups. Conclusions Rates of AVR in those with ADRD increased during the past decade largely driven by the diffusion of TAVR. The use of TAVR in this vulnerable population did not come at the expense of increasing Medicare institutional days or mortality at 1-year.
Propulsion Controls and Diagnostics Research in Support of NASA Aeronautics and Exploration Mission Programs

The Controls and Dynamics Branch (CDB) at National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) in Cleveland, Ohio, is leading and participating in various projects in partnership with other organizations within GRC and across NASA, the U.S. aerospace industry, and academia to develop advanced propulsion controls and diagnostics technologies that will help meet the challenging goals of NASA programs under the Aeronautics Research and Exploration Systems Missions. This paper provides a brief overview of the various CDB tasks in support of the NASA programs. The programmatic structure of the CDB activities is described along with a brief overview of each of the CDB tasks including research objectives, technical challenges, and recent accomplishments. These tasks include active control of propulsion system components, intelligent propulsion diagnostics and control for reliable fault identification and accommodation, distributed engine control, and investigations into unsteady propulsion systems.
Decrystallization of adult birdsong by perturbation of auditory feedback

Young birds learn to sing by using auditory feedback to compare their own vocalizations to a memorized or innate song pattern; ifthey are deafened as juveniles, they will not develop normal songs. The completion of song development is called crystallization. After this stage, song shows little variation in its temporal or spectral properties. However, the mechanisms underlying this stability are largely unknown. Here we present evidence that auditory feedback is actively used in adulthood to maintain the stability of song structure. We found that perturbing auditory feedback during singing in adult zebra finches caused their songto deteriorate slowly. This 'decrystallization' consisted of a marked loss of the spectral and temporal stereotypy seen in crystallized song, including stuttering, creation, deletion and distortion ofsong syllables. After normal feedback was restored, these deviations gradually disappeared and the original song was recovered. Thus, adult birds that do not learn new songs nevertheless retain a significant amount of plasticity in the brain.
Battered, Black, and Blue: An Overview of Violence in the Lives of Black Women

The purpose of this article is to review the many forms of violence in the lives of African American women, including childhood sexual abuse, dating violence, intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and sexual harassment. The first section will address definitions of violence, prevalence rates and risk factors, and suggest new directions for research. The second section is a review of the most common psychological sequelae associated with Black women's victimization. The final section is devoted to activities that promote healing, including therapy, participation in research studies, and activism.
Subtle perturbations of genital microflora alter mucosal immunity among low-risk pregnant women

Objective. Alteration in the vaginal flora has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of changes in individual microflora on genital immunity among low-risk pregnant women in early pregnancy. Design. Cross-sectional study. Setting. Large, tertiary care, academic hospital clinic. Population. Low-risk women were enrolled prior to 14 weeks’ gestation. Methods. Women were included if they had no medical or previous obstetrical complications, were non-smokers, had no sexually transmitted infections and no intercourse in the last 48 hours. Consenting women underwent speculum examination for collection of vaginal culture and Dacron swabs for cytokine analysis. Semi-quantitative vaginal cultures were performed in a reference laboratory. Main Outcome Measures. Concentrations of immune mediators were compared in the presence of various organisms. Concentrations were converted to multiples of the median to standardize the values of each mediator. Regression analyses were performed to control for race. Results. We enrolled 47 women. The frequencies of genital microorganisms were: H2O2-producing lactobacilli (70%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (66%), Gardnerella vaginalis (45%), anaerobic non-pigmented Gram-negative rods (ANPGNR, 40%), anaerobic pigmented Gram-negative rods (APGNR, 17%). After adjusting for race and body mass index, interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α and granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor were increased in the presence of G. vaginalis, ANPGNR, and APGNR. There was no consistent impact on the other markers of immune activation. Conclusion. The presence of individual species impacts genital immunity among low-risk pregnant women. Perturbations in genital immunity could partially explain heterogeneity in adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Team design of autonomous land vehicles

In this paper, we discuss the development and evolution of Trinity College's ALVIN robot, which has competed in the AUVSI Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) for the last four years. We focus the technical discussion on ALVIN's mechanical, sensing, computing, and image processing systems. The paper also reports the results of an educational outcomes survey, which indicates that the multidisciplinary ALVIN project has challenged and motivated students and encouraged their professional growth
Robust SAT-Based Search Algorithm for Leakage Power Reduction

Leakage current promises to be a major contributor to power dissipation in future technologies. Bounding the maximum and minimum leakage current poses an important problem. Determining the maximum leakage ensures that the chip meets power dissipation constraints. Applying an input pattern that minimizes leakage allows extending battery life when the circuit is in standby mode. Finding such vectors can be expressed as a satisfiability problem. We apply in this paper an incremental SAT solver, PBS [1], to find the minimum or maximum leakage current. The solver is called as a post-process to a random-vector-generation approach. Our results indicate that using a such a generic SAT solver can improve on previously proposed random approaches [7].
Safety and efficacy of a side-to-side duodeno-ileal anastomosis for weight loss and type-2 diabetes: duodenal bipartition, a novel metabolic surgery procedure

Partial bypass of the GI tract may promote weight loss by decreased absorption of nutrients and changes in incretins. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of performing a side-to-side duodeno-ileal anastomosis. Seven 40–50 kg female Yorkshire pigs were allocated to a duodeno-ileal anastomosis (DIA), and were compared to a control group (SHAM). Swine’s weights were followed for 56 days. Gastroscopies were also performed at 28 days. Blood samples were also taken at regular intervals (CBC and Basic biochemistry profiles). At autopsy, gross changes and histological changes of the liver, duodenum and ileum samples were performed. While the SHAM group gained 33.2 % more weight at 56 days, the DIA group had shown a weight loss of −6.8 %, for a difference of 40.0 % between the 2 groups (p < 0.05). One pig developed an incisional hernia. Gastroscopies demonstrated normal healing without ulceration or inflammation at 28 days. Histological examination of the anastomosis at 56 days showed normal and smooth healing, with absence of liver toxicity. In this porcine model with short follow-up, a side-to-side duodeno-ileal anastomosis provided excellent weight loss without apparent nutritional or grossly aberrant histological changes.
Locus of Control and Use of Public Information

A 43-item mail survey of 400 persons in a Colorado community included a locus of control measurement to assess whether internality-externality correlates with use of public information provided by the mass media. A significant negative correlation was observed between externality and self-reported use of water conservation information in lawn-watering practices.
Removal, Suppression, and Control of Chaos by Nonlinear Design

Techniques to remove, suppress, and control the chaotic behavior of nonlinear systems are reviewed. Analysis of a forced damped nonlinear oscillator provides a brief overview of the relevant nonlinear dynamics of dissipative systems. Various techniques for suppression and control of chaos are then outlined, compared and contrasted. A unified mathematical notation facilitates the comparison. The successes of each strategy in numerical simulations and physical experiments are carefully noted. Their strengths and weaknesses are analyzed, and they are evaluated according to whether they employ feedback, are goal-oriented, are model-based, merely remove chaos–or truly exploit it. An elementary derivation of the important OGY control equation is supplied. Critical references provide an entry into the literature. It is argued that nonlinearity can be a real-world advantage, and it is hoped that this review will serve as summary of, and invitation to, the nascent field of nonlinear design.
Application of Jacobi polynomials to approximate solution of a singular integral equation with Cauchy kernel

Abstract In this paper, exact solution of the characteristic equation with Cauchy kernel on the interval [−1, 1] is presented. Next, Jacobi polynomials are used to derive approximate solutions of the characteristic and general Cauchy-type singular integral equations. Moreover, estimations of errors of the approximated solutions are presented and proved.
Comments on "Grosch's law re-revisited: CPU power and the cost of computation"

Taking Ein-Dor's recent reevaluation of Grosch's law one step further, the authors find evidence of different slopes for different classes of computers and the utility of an additional variable: the IBM or IBM-compatible factor. The analysis indicates that Grosch's law no longer applies to minicomputers.
Multiple subpial transection in patients with extratemporal epilepsy.

Multiple subpial transection (MST) was developed to permit the treatment of partial epilepsies that reside in or encroach on eloquent cortex (language and sensorimotor cortex). It was conceived after the discoveries of the columnar organization of neocortex and that expression and spread of seizures utilize the transverse fiber network. Although the technique is simple in principle. it takes a skilled and practiced hand to avoid damage to the neocortical columns and vascular supr ply. The efficacy in controlling seizures with MST in extra- temporal epilepsy is similar to that of resective surgery. Acr tivities of daily living are not adversely impacted by MST. f MST is a viable alternative to resection in extratemporal epilepsy.