cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Towards a formal theory of social roles in cognitive computing and cognitive informatics

This paper addresses the complicated issue of social roles in a formal theory of cognition as well as in the methodology and implementation of natural language meaning representation in various computational applications. We start with analyzing a specific set of operational and substantive difficulties encountered in processing social roles in computational semantics. While exemplified within a specific approach, Ontological Semantic Technology, these difficulties pertain to any approach that will aim at representing social roles adequately and reasoning with them computationally to emulate human cognition. After relating these difficulties to the long, highly respectable, and torturous pedigree of the issue of social roles in philosophy, philosophy of science, and cognitive science, the paper culminates in an apparently novel idea to establish them, very differently from other ontological concepts, as ontological operators, a sort of triggering mechanisms or meaning procedures, with interesting theoretical and operational consequences and links to such important elements of semantic interpretation as emphasis and focus.
A case of latent Coccidioides immitis mycetoma in a Massachusetts resident who visited the region of endemicity 7 years ago

0196-4399/00 (see frontmatter) © 2006 Elsevier Clinical Microbiology Newsletter 28:1,2005 A 62-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with a 2-week history of hemoptysis. She also complained of fatigue, easy bruising, and a chronic cough for years. The patient was a smoker. She did not have any history of exposure to tuberculosis. Chest X rays were performed, and the patient was treated with ciprofloxacin and released. Posterior-anterior and lateral chest X rays were taken, which showed an interval mass on the left upper lobe, possibly representing a mycetoma; stable scarring; and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease changes. The radiologist deterCase Report
Analytical combustion/emissions research related to the NASA High-Speed Research Program

Increasing the pressure and temperature of the engines of new generation supersonic airliners increases the emissions of nitrogen oxides to a level that would have an adverse impact on the Earth's protective ozone layer. In the process of implementing low emissions combustor technologies, NASA Lewis Research Center has pursued a combustion analysis program to guide combustor design processes, to identify potential concepts of greatest promise, and to optimize them at low cost, with short turn-around time. The approach is to upgrade and apply advanced computer programs for gas turbine applications. Efforts have been made to improve the code capabilities of modeling the physics. Test cases and experiments are used for code validation. To provide insight into the combustion process and combustor design, two-dimensional and three-dimensional codes such as KIVA-II and LeRC 3D have been used. These codes are operational and calculations have been performed to guide low emissions combustion experiments.
Traveling faster than the speed of light in noncommutative geometry

We study various dynamical aspects of solitons in noncommutative gauge theories and find surprising results. Among them is the observation that the solitons can travel faster than the speed of light for arbitrarily long distances.
Sedimentation, sea-level change, and tectonics on an early Pleistocene continental shelf, northern California

The Rio Dell Formation was deposited in a tectonically active area during a time of fluctuating eustatic sea-level. Detailed interpretation of Rio Dell shelf sediments, facilitated by comparison to the nearby, analogous, modern Eel River shelf, has proved a vital tool for decoding the record of these influences. Understanding of the nature and relative roles of processes on the modern and ancient shelf, including those associated with storms and with river floods, not only allows for detailed paleobathymetric reconstruction of the ancient sequence, but also for recognition of relatively subtle effects of syndepositional tectonism. Shelf sediments of the Rio Dell Formation comprise four depositional sequences bounded by thin, submarine condensed sections. The condensed sections formed during periods of rapid, probably largely eustatic, sea-level rise. The sequences each record progradation of the shelf, predominantly during sea-level highstands. Paleobathymetric reconstruction provides the basis for interpretation of the magnitude of local, relative sea-level changes within and between the sequences. Subsidence of the Rio Dell shelf apparently played a role in recorded local sea-level fluctuations, as did eustasy. Subsidence ("geohistory") analysis of the sequence indicates that the shelf was subsiding throughout its existence, due not only to sediment loading but also due to tectonism. The analysis points to a period of rapid shelf subsidence, accompanied by onland uplift, between about 1.3 and 1.2 Ma. An increase in subsidence rates after about 1.3 Ma apparently caused an increase in Rio Dell shelf gradient, which changed the balance between flood and storm processes on the middle shelf. Increased shelf inclination evidently resulted in restriction of storm-wave reworking to a narrower zone extending from the shoreline, whereas distance from shoreline to the shelf area most influenced by river-flood deposition remained unchanged. The resultant increased segregation of flood and storm effects caused a fining of background grain-size distributions at mid-shelf sites.
Integrated Access to heterogeneous databases using forthcoming OSI standards

Integrated access to distributed data managed by heterogeneous database management systems is a critical requirement in most organizations. ISO's OSI appears to be the most promising systems integration framework for providing integrated access to heterogeneous databases. ISO is currently advancing key standards to meet this requirement. The paper presents a functional overview of these forthcoming database access standards and a strawman architecture for integrated database access. It also discusses the use of these standards for supporting integrated access to nonrelational systems. Practical aspects such as standardization schedule and vendor and user support are also discussed. >
Energy scavenging from insect flight

This paper reports the design, fabrication and testing of an energy scavenger that generates power from the wing motion of a Green June Beetle (Cotinis nitida) during its tethered flight. The generator utilizes non-resonant piezoelectric bimorphs operated in the d31 bending mode to convert mechanical vibrations of a beetle into electrical output. The available deflection, force, and power output from oscillatory movements at different locations on a beetle are measured with a meso-scale piezoelectric beam. This way, the optimum location to scavenge energy is determined, and up to ∼115 μW total power is generated from body movements. Two initial generator prototypes were fabricated, mounted on a beetle, and harvested 11.5 and 7.5 μW in device volumes of 11.0 and 5.6 mm 3 , respectively, from 85 to 100 Hz wing strokes during the beetle’s tethered flight. A spiral generator was designed to maximize the power output by employing a compliant structure in a limited area. The necessary technology needed to fabricate this prototype was developed, including a process to machine high-aspect ratio devices from bulk piezoelectric substrates with minimum damage to the material using a femto-second laser. The fabricated lightweight spiral generators produced 18.5‐22.5 μ Wo n a bench-top test setup mimicking beetles’ wing strokes. Placing two generators (one on each wing) can result in more than 45 μW of power per insect. A direct connection between the generator and the flight muscles of the insect is expected to increase the final power output by one order of magnitude. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Teaching in a Family-Centered Care Model: The Exam Room as the Classroom

* Abbreviations: FCC — : family-centered care FCR — : family-centered rounds “To study the phenomenon of disease without books is to sail an uncharted sea, while to study books without patients is not to go to sea at all.”Sir William Osler, 1903 Although Osler challenges us to study disease in the context of patients, family-centered care (FCC) challenges us to study disease in front of and alongside our patients. This article focuses on teaching in the presence of patients and families, at the bedside and during outpatient encounters, as part of the ongoing Council on Medical Student Education in Pediatrics series on skills and strategies used by superb clinical teachers. FCC is rooted in collaboration among patients, families, physicians (including those in training), and nurses.1 It is guided by the principles of respecting the patient and family, building on each family’s strengths, being flexible, offering choices about care when possible, being transparent, and collaborating with families to make shared decisions.1 Long before the term was coined in the second half of the 20th century, FCC was practiced by many pediatricians and family physicians. FCC in practice has decreased length of stay and readmission rates,2 but benefits to learners have been less well documented. FCC is difficult to teach in a traditional classroom setting and is better demonstrated though role modeling and including learners in the partnership of care. One method of incorporating FCC into teaching is through family-centered rounds (FCR) or family-centered discussions both at the bedside and in the examination room. Sisterhen et al3 defined FCR as “interdisciplinary work rounds at the bedside in which the patient and family share in the control of the management plan … Address correspondence to Suresh Nagappan, MD, MSPH, Cone Health Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, 1200 North Elm St, Greensboro, NC 27401. E-mail: suresh.nagappan{at}conehealth.com
Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia.

To test the ability of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae in blood, we generated two sets of nested primers. The first defined 559-bp and 649-bp regions of the pneumolysin gene, and the second defined 445-bp and 553-bp regions of the autolysin gene. These nucleotide segments were detected in DNAs from isolates of all 20 pneumococcal serotypes tested, but they were not detected when used to test DNAs from 41 isolates of nonpneumococcal bacteria and fungi. The sensitivity was evaluated by using purified pneumococcal DNA. We were able to detect 10 fg of S. pneumoniae DNA, or 4.3 genome equivalents. Blood samples were obtained from 16 patients with culture-proven pneumococcal bacteremia and were subjected to PCR analysis. Of eight buffy coat fractions tested, six showed reactivity in the PCR with the pneumolysin primers, and five of the eight produced the expected products when tested with the autolysin primers (sensitivities, 75 and 63%, respectively). Of the eight whole-blood specimens tested, only three produced the expected products with either set of primers. Additionally, we tested 14 samples from patients with bacteremia that were culture positive for nonpneumococcal bacterial species, and 13 were negative (specificity, 93%). This combination of sensitivity and specificity may make detection of S. pneumoniae in blood by PCR in comparison with that by blood culture a very promising alternative for a means of definitive diagnosis. Images
Trends in pediatric firearm-related injuries over the past 10 years at an urban pediatric hospital

Abstract Purpose Firearm injuries are the second most common cause of trauma deaths in American children. We reviewed gunshot wounds treated at an urban children's hospital to determine the most likely time for injuries to occur over 10years. Methods A retrospective chart review was completed for patients with a firearm injury from January 2003 to December 2012. Patients were excluded if over 17years or readmitted. Demographics, injury circumstances, interventions, and outcomes were reviewed for 289 patients. Chi square and ANOVA analyses were completed. Alpha was chosen as p Results Mean age was 12years, 74% were male and 80% African American. Unintentional injuries occurred in 26% and violence related in 72%. The most common months of injury were August and June, the least common November and October. Unintentional injuries were more likely to occur during the day and violence related injuries were more likely at night (p=0.01). The incidence was lowest 2008–2010 and highest in 2006 and 2011. Mortality was 3.5%. Conclusions We noted an increasing incidence of pediatric firearm related injuries in the last two years of the study with over half requiring operative intervention. Most injuries were violence related and occurred in a large city during summer months.
An algorithm for generating NC tool paths for arbitrarily shaped pockets with islands

In this paper we describe algorithms for generating NC tool paths for machining of arbitrarily shaped 2 l/2 dimensional pockets with arbitrary islands. These pocketing algorithms are based on a new offsetting algorithm presented in this paper. Our offsetting algorithm avoids costly two-dimensional Boolean set operations, relatively expensive distance calculations, and the overhead of extraneous geometry, such as the Voronoi diagrams, used in other pocketing algorithms.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolomics of the fatty pancreas: implicating fat in pancreatic pathology.

Background: Obesity is a worldwide epidemic and a significant risk factor for pancreatic diseases including pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer; the mechanisms underlying this associ
Evaluation of the relationship between ATP bioluminescence assay and the presence of organisms associated with healthcare-associated infections

Background: High prevalence and high mortality rates associated with healthcare-associated Infections (HAI) indicate there is a need to prevent HAIs from spreading. Cleaning and disinfection of hospital surfaces are fundamental to preventing HAIs, as is the confirmation of the success of these processes. Adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence has been identified as a quicker way to confirm cleaning, but questions remain regarding its specificity regarding microorganisms important to HAIs. Methods: This study evaluated ATP bioluminescence' se fficacy in determining microbial contamination on 17 surfaces from the healthcare environment, and to determine if the ATP measurements of Acinetobacter baumannii, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus corresponded to quantitative microbiology. Results: A strong positive correlation was discovered for each of the six organisms associated with HAIs, as well as an additional 'all organisms' analysis that combined all the six organisms. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a correlation between ATP bioluminescence measurements and quantitative microbiology; however, it was not as strong at low bacterial concentrations. Additional keywords: Acinetobacter baumannii, Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), ATP measurement, Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, healthcare-associated infections, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Surreptitious Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection Detected in the Majority of Patients with Cryptogenic Chronic Hepatitis and Negative HCV Antibody Tests

Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to identify hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in peripheral whole blood (WB) and plasma samples from 15 patients with chronic, unexplained hepatitis. These patients were serologically negative for hepatitis A, B, and C and were classified as having chronic non-A, non-B, non-C hepatitis (NANBNC). HCV RNA was repeatedly detected in WB samples from 10 (67%). In contrast, plasma samples from only 5 were intermittently positive. Statistically, HCV RNA detection in WB was significantly more sensitive than in plasma. Nucleic acid hybridization and HCV genotypic analysis confirmed the specificity of the HCV RNA assay. Liver biopsies from these patients suggested histopathologic differences between HCV RNA-positive and -negative groups. These data demonstrate that HCV infection is present in patients with unexplained chronic hepatitis more frequently than previously believed. Additionally, WB HCV RNA detection is more sensitive than plasma assays in identifying antibody-negative HCV infection.
Concerted Nitric Oxide Formation and Release from the Simultaneous Reactions of Nitrite with Deoxy- and Oxyhemoglobin *

Recent studies reveal a novel role for hemoglobin as an allosterically regulated nitrite reductase that may mediate nitric oxide (NO)-dependent signaling along the physiological oxygen gradient. Nitrite reacts with deoxyhemoglobin in an allosteric reaction that generates NO and oxidizes deoxyhemoglobin to methemoglobin. NO then reacts at a nearly diffusion-limited rate with deoxyhemoglobin to form iron-nitrosyl-hemoglobin, which to date has been considered a highly stable adduct and, thus, not a source of bioavailable NO. However, under physiological conditions of partial oxygen saturation, nitrite will also react with oxyhemoglobin, and although this complex autocatalytic reaction has been studied for a century, the interaction of the oxy- and deoxy-reactions and the effects on NO disposition have never been explored. We have now characterized the kinetics of hemoglobin oxidation and NO generation at a range of oxygen partial pressures and found that the deoxy-reaction runs in parallel with and partially inhibits the oxy-reaction. In fact, intermediates in the oxy-reaction oxidize the heme iron of iron-nitrosyl-hemoglobin, a product of the deoxy-reaction, which releases NO from the iron-nitrosyl. This oxidative denitrosylation is particularly striking during cycles of hemoglobin deoxygenation and oxygenation in the presence of nitrite. These chemistries may contribute to the oxygen-dependent disposition of nitrite in red cells by limiting oxidative inactivation of nitrite by oxyhemoglobin, promoting nitrite reduction to NO by deoxyhemoglobin, and releasing free NO from iron-nitrosyl-hemoglobin.
Natural Polymorphisms of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase and Inherent Susceptibilities to a Panel of Integrase Inhibitors

We evaluated the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase coding region of the pol gene for the presence of natural polymorphisms in patients during early infection (AHI) and with triple-class drug-resistant HIV-1 (MDR). We analyzed selected recombinant viruses containing patient-derived HIV-1 integrase for susceptibility to a panel of strand transfer integrase inhibitors (InSTI). A pretreatment sequence analysis of the integrase coding region was performed for 112 patients identified during acute or early infection and 15 patients with triple-class resistance. A phenotypic analysis was done on 10 recombinant viruses derived from nine patients against a panel of six diverse InSTI. Few of the polymorphisms associated with in vitro InSTI resistance were identified in the samples from newly infected individuals or those patients with MDR HIV-1. We identified polymorphisms V72I, L74I, T97A, V151I, M154I/L, E157Q, V165I, V201I, I203M, T206S, and S230N. V72I was the most common, seen in 63 (56.3%) of the AHI samples. E157Q was the only naturally occurring mutation thought to contribute to resistance to elvitegravir, raltegravir, and L-870,810. None of the patient-derived viruses demonstrated any significant decrease in susceptibility to the drugs tested. In summary, the integrase coding region contains as much natural variation as that seen in protease, but mutations associated with high-level resistance to existing InSTI are rarely, if ever, present in integrase naive patients, especially those being used clinically. Most of the highly prevalent polymorphisms have little effect on InSTI susceptibility in the absence of specific primary mutations. Baseline testing for integrase susceptibility in InSTI-naive patients is not currently warranted.
Modification of TOUGH2 for Enhanced Coal Bed Methane Simulations

The GEO-SEQ Project is investigating methods for geological sequestration of CO{sub 2}. This project, which is directed by LBNL and includes a number of other industrial, university, and National Laboratory partners, is evaluating computer simulation models including TOUGH2. One of the problems to be considered is Enhanced Coal Bed Methane (ECBM) recovery. In this scenario, CO2 is pumped into methane-rich coal beds. Due to adsorption processes, the CO2 is sorbed onto the coal, which displaces the previously sorbed methane (CH4). The released methane can then be recovered, at least partially offsetting the cost of CO2 sequestration. Modifications have been made to the EOS7R equation of state in TOUGH2 to include the extended Langmuir isotherm for sorbing gases, including the change in porosity associated with the sorbed gas mass. Comparison to hand calculations for pure gas and binary mixtures shows very good agreement. Application to a CO{sub 2} well injection problem given by Law et al. (2002) shows good agreement considering the differences in the equations of state.
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Women Results From the Women’s Health Initiative

Background—Conclusive data about cardiovascular toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are sparse. We hypothesized that regular NSAID use is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women, and that this association is stronger with greater cyclooxygenase (cox)-2 when compared with cox-1 inhibition. Methods and Results—Postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative were classified as regular users or nonusers of nonaspirin NSAIDs. Cox regression examined NSAID use as a time-varying covariate and its association with the primary outcome of total cardiovascular disease defined as cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. Secondary analyses considered the association of selective cox-2 inhibitors (eg, celecoxib), nonselective agents with cox-2>cox-1 inhibition (eg, naproxen), and nonselective agents with cox-1>cox-2 inhibition (eg, ibuprofen) with the primary outcome. Overall, 160 801 participants were availab...
EVOLUTIONARY IMPLICATIONS OF A DUPLIVINCULAR LIGAMENT IN THE CARBONIFEROUS PINNID PTERONITES (MOLLUSCA, BIVALVIA, PTERIOMORPHIA)

Modern pinnoideans, or “pen shells,” are shallowly to deeply endobyssate, equivalved, edentulous, ham-shaped bivalves with a single, slightly submerged, opisthodetic ligament. Malacologists have generally regarded pinnids as closely related to the pterioid superfamily Pterioidea, especially its Paleozoic family Pterineidae (e.g., Zittel, 1927, p. 446; Thiele, 1935, p. 803; Pojeta, 1978; Waller, 1978). As early as 1890, Jackson suggested that pinnids evolved from the Silurian-Permian pterineid Leptodesma Hall, 1883. More recently, Pojeta (1978, p. 239) speculated that they evolved from the pterineid Pteronitella Billings, 1874 (a Silurian genus similar to Leptodesma ) through the morphologically intermediate Devonian Palaeopinna Hall, 1883. The hinge and ligament of Palaeopinna remain unknown, so its family-level placement is uncertain (Newell and LaRocque, 1969, p. N301). However, Leptodesma and Pteronitella have hinge teeth, inequivalved shells, and a duplivincular ligament similar to other pterineids (Newell and LaRocque, 1969, p. N299–N301; Pojeta, 1978, p. 239; Pojeta and Runnegar, 1985, fig. 16D; Carter, 1990a, p. 205; 1990b, p. 334). Newell (1969, p. N271) stressed the difference in shell symmetry between inequivalved pterineids and equivalved pinnids, and he cautioned that “…there is no paleontological evidence that the Pinnidae were derived from inequivalve [i.e., pterineid] ancestors.” Additionally, the modern pinnid ligament resembles the modern mytilid ligament, which is slightly submerged and opisthodetic, buttressed laterally by prismatic shell material, lacks a true ligament nymph, and has a single fibrous sublayer in the adult stage (Yonge, 1953; Waller, 1978, 1990; Carter, 1990a, p. 213). Both Newell (1969) and Morton (1992) placed the Pinnoidea in the order Mytiloida. Recent molecular genetic studies by Campbell (2000), Steiner and Hammer (2000), and Giribet and Wheeler (2002) suggest a closer phylogenetic relationship between the Pinnoidea and a Pterioidea-Ostreoidea clade …
Ponapensin, a cyclopenta[bc]benzopyran with potent NF-κB inhibitory activity from Aglaia ponapensis

Two new compounds, a cyclopenta[bc]benzopyran, ponapensin (1), and an aglaialactone, 5,6-desmethylenedioxy-5-methoxy-aglalactone (2), together with nine known compounds were isolated from the CHCl3 soluble extract of the leaves and twigs of Aglaia ponapensis. Their structures were established by spectroscopic data interpretation. Ponapensin (1) exhibited significant NF-κB inhibitory activity in an Elisa assay, and was found to be more potent than the positive control rocaglamide. All of the compounds isolated were also tested in a panel of human cancer cell lines, with the known sterol E-volkendousin (3) and methyl rocaglate (aglafoline) found to be the only active substances.
Vehicle Routing and Scheduling

After you have studied this chapter, you should: Know the classification system for vehicle routing problems and algorithms. Know the following for each of the classes of vehicle routing and scheduling problems: The characteristics of the base problem and its variants. The mathematical formulation. Simple solution algorithms. How to solve problems of modest size with a computer program.
Diagnosis of Bone and Joint Disorders. 4th ed.

Donald Resnick. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2002. 4944 pages. $795.00. This is the fourth edition of a classic encyclopedic work on the musculoskeletal system largely written by one internationally respected teacher of musculoskeletal imaging, Dr. Donald Resnick. Although it contains only five volumes (the third edition contained six volumes), the current edition has 322 more pages of text and references than the last edition. The organization of the material is similar to that in the last edition, although some chapters that dealt with outdated material have been dropped and others have been incorporated into existing chapters. New chapters have been …
Combining Feature Selection and Ensemble Learning for Software Quality Estimation

High dimensionality is a major problem that affects the quality of training datasets and therefore classification models. Feature selection is frequently used to deal with this problem. The goal of feature selection is to choose the most relevant and important attributes from the raw dataset. Another major challenge to building effective classification models from binary datasets is class imbalance, where the minority class has far fewer instances than the majority class. Data sampling (altering the dataset to change its balance level) and boosting (building multiple models, with each model tuned to work better on instances misclassified by previous models) are common techniques for resolving this problem. In particular, ensemble boosting, which integrates sampling with AdaBoost, has been shown to improve classification performance, especially for imbalanced training datasets. In this paper, we investigate approaches for combining feature selection with this ensemble learning (boosting) process. Six feature selection techniques and two forms of the ensemble learning method are examined. We focus on two different scenarios: feature selection performed prior to the ensemble learning process and feature selection performed inside the ensemble learning process. The experimental results demonstrate that performing feature selection inside of ensemble boosting generally performs better than using feature selection prior to ensemble boosting.
Studies toward the Development of Antiproliferative Neoclerodanes from Salvinorin A.

The success rate for central nervous system (CNS) drug candidates in the clinic is relatively low compared to the industry average across other therapeutic areas. Penetration through the blood–brain barrier (BBB) to reach the therapeutic target is a major obstacle in development. The rapid CNS penetration of salvinorin A has suggested that the neoclerodane nucleus offers an excellent scaffold for developing antiproliferative compounds that enter the CNS. The Liebeskind–Srogl reaction was used as the main carbon–carbon bond-forming step toward the synthesis of quinone-containing salvinorin A analogues. Quinone-containing salvinorin A analogues were shown to have antiproliferative activity against the MCF7 breast cancer cell line, but show no significant activity at the κ-opioid receptors. In an in vitro model of BBB penetration, quinone-containing salvinorin A analogues were shown to passively diffuse across the cell monolayer. The analogues, however, are substrates of P-glycoprotein, and thus further modi...
Fetal Development of the Collared Peccary

Forty-three known aged embryos and fetuses were obtained from captive collared peccaries ( Dicotyles tajacu ). Fetuses were weighed, measured, and described. Litter size ranged from one to four and averaged two. There was 9.6 percent intrauterine mortality of fetuses. Fetuses were equally distributed in the left and right horns of the uterus, although a few ova migrated before implantation. Of 36 fetuses which were sexed, 63 percent were females and 37 percent were males. Hindhoof length, weight, forehead-rump length, shoulder height, ear length, and hindfoot length of the fetuses were significantly correlated with their age ( P < .05). Ear length and hind-foot length were the most highly correlated and can be used to estimate ages. Single and quadruple fetuses deviate most from calculated regression lines. Sex does not seem to influence fetal size.
Congregational Diversity and Attendance in a Mainline Protestant Denomination

One of the surprising oversights of existing research on racially/ethnically diverse congregations is the inattention to how racial composition relates to patterns of attendance. Is diversity associated with attendance growth, stability, or decline? A popular assumption from the Church Growth Movement is that cultural homogeneity is a foundation for growth, but recent research challenges this long-standing belief. We test these competing views with longitudinal data from over 10,000 congregations in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA). We examine the relationship between changes in racial/ethnic diversity and changes in average weekly attendance over a 19-year time period (1993–2012). In spite of the ELCA's denominational push for racial diversity in its local churches, our analysis finds increasing racial diversity associated with decreasing average attendance, most notably during the 1990s. To conclude, we discuss the implications of our findings for congregations and denominations.
Perinatal Screening for Child Abuse and Neglect

An increased awareness of the frequency and severity of child abuse and neglect in our society has prompted consideration of the feasibility of perinatal screening and early intervention for this problem. This article reviews the available information on screening and early intervention for high-risk parenting in the perinatal period. The advantages, disadvantages, and cost-effectiveness of screening and intervention for children and families at risk for abuse and neglect are also discussed.
Analysis on monitoring results of Campylobacter jejuni in Nantong by using multiple PCR technology

Objective:To understand the distribution of Campylobacter jejuni from chickens, poultry meat, the population and the environment in our city. Methods:Multiple PCR method was applied to detect Campylobacter jejuni from anal swabs of adult chicken, chicken manure, environmental samples of chicken farms, fresh poultry meat, frozen chicken,environmental samples of open fair, feces of diarrhea patients and anal swabs of healthy physical examination. All the data were processed and analyzed by SPSS 19.0. Results:There were 38 positive specimens(31.93%) in 119 anal swabs of adult chicken, 9(7.26%) positive in 124 chicken manure, 5(8.93%) positive in 56 environmental samples of chicken farms, 28(17.28%) positive in 162 fresh poultry meat, 2(1.12%) positive in 178 frozen chicken, and 4(7.02%) positive in 57 environmental samples of open fair, 9(2.15%) positive in 418 diarrhea cases and none positive in healthy physical examination. Conclusion:Except for healthy physical examination, Campylobacter jejuni were detected in 7 categories of samples,which prompts the city to consider the risk of Campylobacter jejuni diseases, and to strengthen control measures.
Measurements of Vector Polarization Transfer Coefficients for \((\vec d,\vec n)\) Reactions on 14N, 160, and 28Si

In a \((\vec d,\vec n)\) reaction, the polarization transfer coefficient K y y′ measures the fraction of vector polarization of the incident deuteron transferred to the outgoing neutron. For the D\((\vec d,\vec n)\) 3He reaction at θ = 0°, it is known that this parameter remains at nearly 90% of a simple stripping model value of 2/3 over the energy range extending from 4 to 15 MeV1,2). In order to investigate the systematics of the same polarization transfer coefficient for heavier nuclei, we have made similar measurements for targets of 12C, 14N, 160, and 28Si. In this paper we report our results for the reactions \(^{16}0{(\vec d,{\vec n_0} + {\vec n_1})^{17}}F,{^{28}}Si{(\vec d,{\vec n_o})^{29}}p,an{d^{14}}N{(\vec d,\vec n)^{15}}0\) (leading to states around 5 MeV in excitation of 150.) In each of these reactions, it is believed that the dominant contribution to the measured neutron groups is lp = 0.
Impact of Lake Breezes on Summer Ozone Concentrations in the Salt Lake Valley

AbstractDuring the late afternoon of 18 June 2015, ozone concentrations in advance of a strong lake-breeze front arising from the Great Salt Lake in northern Utah were ~20 ppb lower than those in its wake. The lake-breeze progression and ozone concentrations in the valley were monitored by an enhanced observation network that included automated weather stations, a nearby Terminal Doppler Weather Radar, state air quality measurement sites, and mobile platforms, including a news helicopter. Southerly flow opposing the lake breeze increased convergent frontogenesis and delayed the onset of its passage through the Salt Lake valley. Ozone concentrations were exceptionally high aloft at the lake-breeze frontal boundary. The progression of this lake breeze was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model at 1-km horizontal grid spacing over northern Utah. The model was initialized using hourly analyses from the High Resolution Rapid Refresh model. Errors in the underlying surface initialization wer...
The Stress and Coping Context of Type 1 Diabetes Management Among Latino and Non-Latino White Early Adolescents and Their Mothers.

Objective Examine ethnic differences in diabetes-related stress and coping among adolescents with type 1 diabetes and their mothers. Early adolescents with type 1 diabetes ( N = 118, ages 10-15 years; 54% female; 47% Latino and 53% non-Latino White) and mothers described the adolescent's diabetes-related stressors and coping strategies, and rated stressor severity and controllability and coping competence. Surveys measured adherence; glycemic control (HbA1c) was indexed from medical records. Few ethnic differences in stress and coping emerged among adolescents. However, Latina mothers reported fewer diabetes-related stressors, had lower congruence with their adolescent on reports of diabetes-related stress, and appraised their adolescent as less competent in coping than non-Latino Whites. Lower dyadic stressor congruence and lower appraisals of coping competence were associated with poorer HbA1c. Mother-adolescent congruence in perceptions of diabetes stress, and appraisals of early adolescents' coping, may be important for understanding diabetes management in ethnically diverse samples.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE PRECIPITIN REACTION : THE ROLE OF MULTIPLE REACTIVE GROUPS IN ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY UNION AS ILLUSTRATED BY AN INSTANCE OF CROSS-PRECIPITATION.

1. Antisera to R-salt-azo-benzidine-azo-crystalline egg albumin give precipitates with crystalline egg albumin by virtue of their antidye content. 2. The quantitative course of the reactions with increasing amounts of antigen is very similar for the dye-antidye and egg albumin-anti-egg albumin systems, but differs markedly for the cross reaction between egg albumin and antidye. 3. A possible explanation for the occurrence of this one-sided crossreaction is given in terms of reactive groupings on the antigen and antibody. 4. A qualitative expression of the course of the cross-reaction is given in terms of the laws of classical chemistry.
MACROPHAGE-MONOCYTE REGULATION OF THE MITOGENIC ACTIVATION OF X-RAYED, PURIFIED HUMAN T LYMPHOCYTES

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews human monocytes that potentiate the mitogenic activation of X-rayed human T cells. The optimal activation of lymphocytes to allogeneic, antigenic, and mitogenic stimuli can be regulated by macrophages or monocytes. In a study described in the chapter, mononuclear leukocytes were isolated from human peripheral blood on Ficoll-hypaque. Monocytes were prepared by adherence to tissue culture dishes. Human T cells were X-rayed and incubated in the presence or absence of autologous monocytes with or without 10 μg Concanavalin A (ConA). The data suggest that human monocytes, in an unknown way, promote mitogen-induced DNA synthesis in X-rayed human T cells. The ability of monocytes to mediate this effect is dependent on the amount of X-ray and the number of monocytes.
Contextualizing Relationship Education and Adolescent Attitude Toward Sexual Behavior: Considering Class Climate

Using data from a statewide relationship education (RE) program targeting a diverse adolescent sample, this study examined RE implementation in classroom environments. The purpose of this study was to explore (1) whether there is a beneficial RE program effect for change in individual attitudes toward sexual delay, (2) whether individual factors—student gender and sexual activity—predict change in attitudes toward sexual delay for students experiencing the intervention, and (3) whether classmate characteristics influence individual change in attitudes toward sexual delay. This study utilized multilevel modeling procedures to examine both individual- and classroom-level predictors of change in attitudes toward sexual delay. At the individual level, results indicated that females demonstrated more change in attitudes toward sexual delay than males and students who were sexually active demonstrated less change toward sexual delay compared with students who were not sexually active. At the classroom level, both racial composition and the proportion of sexually active classmates influenced individual attitude change. Although students in classrooms with higher proportions of African American peers demonstrated less attitude change toward sexual delay, the proportion of sexually active peers in the classroom appeared to be a more salient aspect of classmate composition. Overall, this study supports the importance of considering both individual characteristics as well as social context when assessing program experience and effectiveness. Implications for future research and practice are offered.
Heat dissipation in the quasiballistic regime studied using the Boltzmann equation in the spatial frequency domain

Quasiballistic heat conduction, in which some phonons propagate ballistically over a thermal gradient, has recently become of intense interest. Most works report that the thermal resistance associated with nanoscale heat sources is far larger than predicted by Fourier's law; however, recent experiments show that in certain cases the difference is negligible despite the heaters being far smaller than phonon mean-free paths. In this work, we examine how thermal resistance depends on the heater geometry using analytical solutions of the Boltzmann equation. We show that the spatial frequencies of the heater pattern play the key role in setting the thermal resistance rather than any single geometric parameter, and that for many geometries the thermal resistance in the quasiballistic regime is no different than the Fourier prediction. We also demonstrate that the spectral distribution of the heat source also plays a major role in the resulting transport, unlike in the diffusion regime. Our work provides an intuitive link between the heater geometry, spectral heating distribution, and the effective thermal resistance in the quasiballistic regime, a finding that could impact strategies for thermal management in electronics and other applications.
The menopausal woman: The need for an individualized plan of care

With life expectancy increasing, women will spend one-third of their lives in and beyond menopause. A collaborative discussion with the clinician facilitates informed decision-making and should include evidence-based discussion of physiologic changes, assessment of symptoms and treatment options, review of screening recommendations, and discussion of disease risk-reduction strategies and psychosocial issues.
Volunteering in Older Adults in Retirement

A recent and important trend in geropsychology that has emerged during the last 20 years termed positive aging addresses behavioral, psychological, and social factors that hold the potential to enhance the physical and mental well-being of older adults. This recent trend shifts the focus from aging-related decline to older adulthood as a stage that holds potential for contribution, adaptation, and success (Johnson and Mutchler 2013). Not surprisingly, maintaining a physically and mentally active lifestyle has repeatedly been noted to enhanced health and overall well-being during the later years. As this research domain has become more sophisticated, it has become clear that not all types of activity are equally beneficial; certain types of activity are more robustly related to enhance well-being among older adults than others. Volunteering, the provision of unpaid services to organizations, community groups, or individuals, has been shown to be one of the most salubrious types of activity a postretirement older adult can engage in (Anderson et al. 2014). This entry will provide an overview of the current understanding of the relationship between older-adult volunteering and physical and mental well-being, theoretical explanations of why volunteering benefits older adults, how volunteering can be encouraged in the elderly with brief intervention, and concludes with a discussion of how the enthusiasm surrounding older-adult volunteering as a public health strategy should be tempered with caution, particularly among elderly from diverse backgrounds.
Early Polyolefin Synthesis with Ziegler Catalysis

This paper covers the author’s early work at the Hercules Research Center in Wilmington, Delaware, on polyolefin synthesis with Ziegler catalysts. This work began shortly after Hercules Incorporated acquired a license in 1954 to Ziegler’s new organometallic-transition metal compound catalysts for polymerizing ethylene at low pressure and temperature to very high molecular weight, linear polyethylene. The emphasis will be on the author’s independent discoveries with Ziegler catalysts which led to important commercial developments including (1) isotactic polypropylene, (2) high rate, high yield TiCl3 catalysts for making isotactic polypropylene and (3) the hyarogen method of controlling molecular weight with olefin monomers.
An Informatics Approach to Facilitate Clinical Management of Patients With Retrievable Inferior Vena Cava Filters.

OBJECTIVE. Long indwelling times for inferior vena cava (IVC) filters that are used to prevent venous thromboembolism can result in complications. To improve care for patients receiving retrievable...
Abstract 1810: Stapled peptide inhibitors of mutant estrogen receptor/coactivator interactions

A current limitation in treating estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer is the development of resistance to endocrine therapy. Among the many possible mechanisms of resistance, mutations in the estrogen receptor ligand binding domain have been recently shown to be a contributing factor. Specifically, estrogen receptor mutations Y537S and D538G have been reported to contribute to resistance by decreasing the efficacy of the clinically used drug tamoxifen. A standing hypothesis in estrogen receptor pharmacology is that coactivator binding inhibitors can be used in place of traditional endocrine therapy to block cellular proliferation mediated by estrogen receptor. To validate the coactivator binding inhibitor hypothesis within a cellular context, we have prepared cell-permeable stapled peptides to function as inhibitors of the estrogen receptor/steroid receptor coactivator interaction in both wild-type and mutant estrogen receptors. Guided by x-ray crystallography, we have applied molecular dynamics and structure-based rational design to develop stapled peptides with high affinity for the estrogen receptor. In targeting the wild-type receptor, we have found that stapled peptides mimicking steroid receptor coactivators have even higher affinity against mutant receptors Y537S and D538G. In addition to inhibiting the estrogen receptor/coactivator interaction in biochemical assays, we find inhibition of estrogen receptor function within multiple breast cancer cell lines. The stapled peptides reported in this research support the coactivator binding inhibitor hypothesis and shed light on estrogen receptor coactivator interactions in cells expressing both wild-type and mutant receptors. Citation Format: Thomas E. Speltz, Jeanne M. Danes, Sean W. Fanning, Christopher G. Mayne, Emad Tajkhorshid, Geoffrey L. Greene, Jonna M. Frasor, Terry W. Moore. Stapled peptide inhibitors of mutant estrogen receptor/coactivator interactions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1810.
Savings—the Missing Element in Chapter 13 Bankruptcy Cases?

This paper examines the effects of debtor savings on the viability of chapter 13 bankruptcy plans. The paper further examines the impact of lawyer culture, debtor participation in the bankruptcy process, and judicial activism in the use of the savings program by chapter 13 debtors. Using a data set of randomly selected chapter 13 bankruptcy cases filed in the Southern District of Texas, the analysis demonstrates that while savings has a direct positive impact on the success of chapter 13 plans, the degree of that success is significantly influenced by the views held by debtors' lawyers, chapter 13 trustees, and judges.
A case of normoprolactinemic galactorrhea following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Galactorrhea is most commonly associated with elevated levels of prolactin; however, it does happen in individuals whose prolactin level is within normal range. Galactorrhea has been reported after neurosurgical procedures, cranial trauma or cerebral hemorrhage affecting the hypothalamus, pituitary or pituitary stalk, but these were associated with elevated levels of prolactin. In our knowledge, there has not been a case reported wherein a patient developed normoprolactinemic galactorrhea after an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The etiology and pathophysiology of normoprolactinemic galactorrhea have not been distinctly defined making this entity a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for physicians.