cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of hydrolysis of soy β-conglycinin on the oxidative stability of O/W emulsions

Abstract In this study, the effect of limited hydrolysis of soy β-conglycinin (7S) on the oxidative stability of 7S hydrolysate (7SH)-stabilized emulsions was investigated under different conditions of pH, ionic strength, degrees of hydrolysis (DH), and protein concentration in the continuous phase. The hydrolysis was performed using trypsinization and acid hydrolysis. Interfacial protein conformations were studied by thioflavin T fluorescence, scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques, and Raman spectroscopy at oil-mimicking, functionalized silver surfaces. The antioxidant property was tested by the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. At DH 0.7%, trypsinization improved emulsion oxidative stability at pH 7 under low ionic strength, as a result of an increase in protein antioxidant property and enhanced interfacial barrier property due to substantial increment of intermolecular β-sheets. The loose coil/helix to intermolecular β-sheet transition was deemed essential in the building of an effective interfacial barrier. At pH 3, however, the tryptic 7SH turned pro-oxidant, and interfacial coverage by the protein became uneven. As such, the emulsion oxidative stability was not better than that based on the native 7S at pH 7. The modification of the surface charge of the oil from non-polar to anionic led to increased formation of intermolecular β-sheet, but it did not improve the emulsion oxidative stability. Lastly, acid hydrolysis of 7S at a similar DH led to flocculation-induced destabilization of the emulsion at pH 3, which exacerbated the intrinsic oxidation of the encapsulated oil even further. Depletion flocculation and bridging were a result of fibril formation during acid hydrolysis.
Discriminative stimulus properties of oxazepam in the pigeon.

Abstract Five pigeons were trained to discriminate IM injections of oxazepam (4.0 mg/kg) from vehicle with responding maintained under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of food delivery. Under test conditions, responding increased in a dose-dependent manner in all pigeons after the administration of other benzodiazepines including diazepam (0.01–1.0 mg/kg), temazepam (0.01–3.0 mg/kg), halazepam (0.1–56.0 mg/kg), and midazolam (0.1–1.0 mg/kg) as well as the barbiturate pentobarbital (2.0–8.0 mg/kg) and the non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic CL 218,872 (1.0–8.0 mg/kg). At the higher doses of each of these compounds, over 80% of responding occurred on the oxazepam-appropriate key. Cocaine (0.5–4.0 mg/kg), bupropion (3.0–56.0 mg/kg) and nortriptyline (3.0–56.0 mg/kg) failed to substitute for oxazepam even at doses that decreased rates of responding. The discriminative stimulus (DS) effects of the lowest doses of oxazepam and CL 218,872 that produced 100% drug-appropriate responding were blocked by the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15–1788. This antagonism was reversed by increasing the dose of the agonists. The DS effects of diazepam were antagonized partially by Ro 15–1788 (3 of 5 pigeons), and the antagonism was reversed by higher doses of diazepam in two of these pigeons. The DS effects of pentobarbital were antagonized by Ro 15–1788 in 2 of 5 pigeons, but the blockade was not reversed by higher pentobarbital doses.
Invest in Yourself: Maintainig

As we rush around attendin to the essentials of our lives (family, friends, clients, employers), what is left? Nursing Forum invits readers to engage in thoughts and activities that may awaken an untouched place. We hope these writings will kindle your personal involvement in something that was previoulsy avoided– because of bias, fear, or uneasiness–on order to stretch your mind and spirit. The ability to be competitive in the shifiting marketplace of professional nursing practice is dependent upon a nurse attaining the credentials or experiences being sought. Identifying those knowledges and skills and developing a working plan to achieve them is essential. The Career Development Work Plan presented here is the framework to help do that, and the accompanying Professional File Management system provides the mechanism to monitor and document achievements and abilities over time. This career development approach provides the foundation and preparation nurses will need when presenting themselves to the professional job market.
Metal-titanium dioxide-silicon capacitors

Titanium dioxide capacitors were fabricated on silicon wafers using electron-beam evaporation. The titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) films on the silicon wafers were annealed in oxygen at 900° C to assure conversion of the films to the rutile phase. For long anneal times with thin films, significant silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) grows under the TiO 2 as a result of oxygen diffusion through the TiO 2 film. Good quality TiO 2 films were obtained in the thickness range of 500 A to 10,000 A. Aluminum electrodes were evaporated on the TiO 2 to complete the capacitors. Capacitive densities of greater than 2 pf/sq. mil with a leakage current of less than 2 nanoamps/sq. mil were obtained. Longer anneal times result in a trade off of lower capacitance with less leakage and higher breakdown voltages due to the influence of the SiO 2 layer.
Purification and reconstitution of functional human P-glycoprotein

The overexpression of the P-glycoprotein, theMDR1 gene product, has been linked to the development of resistance to multiple cytotoxic natural product anticancer drugs in certain cancers and cell lines derived from tumors. P-glycoprotein, a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transporters, is believed to function as an ATP-dependent drug efflux pump with broad specificity for chemically unrelated hydrophobic compounds. We review here recent studies on the purification and reconstitution of P-glycoprotein to elucidate the mechanism of drug transport. P-glycoprotein from the human carcinoma multidrug resistant cell line, KB-V1, was purified by sequential chromatography on anion exchange followed by a lectin (wheat germ agglutinin) column. Proteoliposomes reconstituted with pure protein exhibited high levels of drug-stimulated ATPase activity as well as ATP-dependent [3H]vinblastine accumulation. Both the ATPase and vinblastine transport activities of the reconstituted P-glycoprotein were inhibited by vanadate. In addition, the vinblastine transport was inhibited by verapamil and daunorubicin. These studies provide strong evidence that the human P-glycoprotein functions as an ATP-dependent drug transporter. The development of the reconstitution system and the availability of recombinant protein in large amounts due to recent advances in overexpression of P-glycoprotein in a heterologous expression system should facilitate a better understanding of the function of this novel protein.
Returns to different ‘learning styles’: Evidence from a course in microeconomics

An extant literature suggests students learn differently. Previous studies in Economics courses have used the Myers-Briggs Personality Type indicator to proxy for preferred learning style. The four dichotomous personality characteristics yield 16 potential personality types. Previous studies found some personality types are more successful in economics classes than other types. However, evidence on the impact on student learning of a student's personality type matching their professor's type has been mixed. We use a continuous measure of learning style (left hemisphere/right hemisphere thinking preference) and find that for most instructors, after controlling for student inputs, the students' final grades do not seem to be mediated by the deviations in the students' hemispheric preference from that of the instructors'. We also attempt to adjudicate the inconsistent results of previous research in terms of students learning and matching their instructor's type.
Chronic respiratory failure in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: Successful long-term therapy with nasal bilevel positive airway pressure

Chronic respiratory failure is a major factor contributing to mortality in progressive neuromuscular disorders. Among the muscular dystrophies, respiratory failure most commonly occurs with Duchenne dystrophy, while in Becker, limb-girdle, and facioscapulo-humeral dystrophies, respiratory failure is infrequent and generally occurs in the more severe cases that have progressed to a nonambulatory, advanced functional stage. We report two brothers with a myopathic disease in which the distribution of weakness, initial clinical course, heredity, and muscle pathology most closely resembled a limb-girdle type of dystrophy. Both brothers, however, presented with chronic alveolar hypoventilation and respiratory failure when their locomotor disabilities were still mild. Respiratory failure was reversed, and satisfactory ventilation has been maintained for more than a year using a type of non-invasive intermittent positive pressure ventilation, with a bilevel positive airway pressure device (Bi-PAP), administered through a nasal mask during sleeping hours. These cases demonstrate an unusual presentation of limb-girdle dystrophy, and document that nocturnal, nasal administration of continuous airway pressure using the Bi-PAP device may be sufficient to maintain adequate long-term ventilation in some patients with neuromuscular causes of respiratory failure, and thus significantly improve quality of life and delay the need for more complex or invasive forms of assisted ventilation.
Note on the lifting of liquids by withdrawal

The results of previous studies on the problem of estimating the thickness and the flux of liquid being dragged out of a reservoir by a moving plate are summarized. An asymptotic solution is derived for the limiting case where the effect of surface tension may be neglected. This solution agrees better with the experimental results than that predicted by Jeffreys' theory and serves to explain the phenomenon of a definite maximum flux obtainable in the experiments.
Efficient transfection of dissociated mouse chromaffin cells using small-volume electroporation

We have developed an improved procedure for isolating and transfecting a chromaffin cell-enriched population of primary cells from adult mouse adrenal glands. Significantly, the parameters of a novel electroporation transfection technique were optimized to achieve an average transfection efficiency of 45 % on the small number of cells derived from the mouse glands. Such transfection efficiency was previously unachievable with the electroporation protocols conventionally used with bovine chromaffin cells, even with use of large cell numbers. Our small scale technique now makes feasible the use of genetically homogenous inbred mouse models for investigations on the exocytotic pathway without the time, expense, and cellular changes associated with viral approaches. High fidelity co-expression of multiple plasmids in individual cells is a further advantage of the procedure. To assess whether the biophysical characteristics of mouse adrenal chromaffin cells were altered by this process, we examined structural integrity using immunocytochemistry and functional response to stimuli using calcium imaging, amperometry, and whole-cell capacitance and current clamp recordings. We conclude these parameters are minimally affected. Finally, we demonstrate that high transfection efficiency makes possible the use of primary mouse adrenal chromaffin cells, rather than a cell line, in human growth hormone secretion assays for high throughput evaluation of secretion.
Incidence and origin of symmetric and asymmetric dicentrics in Bloom's syndrome☆

The incidence and origin of dicentric chromosomes has been analyzed in Bloom's syndrome (BS) lymphocytes. In diploid cells, the dicentrics are predominantly asymmetric, consisting of two nonhomologous chromosomes. In contrast, in tetraploid cells, the majority of dicentrics are formed by two homologs, which, judging from Q-banded metaphases, have broken at identical points. Our earlier assumption that most, possibly all, chromosome abnormalities in BS originate in S-G2 is further supported by the present observation that only 26/79 cells with dicentrics also had a fragment. In other words, the dicentrics have not arisen in the previous G1 but in S-G2 of a preceding cell cycle. The symmetric dicentrics would arise in diploid cells from an adjacent counterpart to a mitotic chiasma between two homologs, and in tetraploid cells, from an adjacent exchange between two sister chromosomes in a diplochromosome. The asymmetric dicentrics can be assumed to result primarily from segregation of an adjacent QR between two nonhomologous chromosomes. Based on the frequency of symmetric dicentrics in tetraploid cells (25/61 cells), and assuming that the ratio of adjacent exchanges to mitotic chiasmata is around 1/50, we predict that the chiasma frequency in diplochromosomes of BS lymphocytes will turn out to be as high as 20/cell.
Computed Tomography of the Thorax: Current Perspectives

With improvement in computed tomography (CT) technology, including faster scanning and images with better detail, the indications for CT of the thorax have expanded. In many instances, data collected on earlier-generation scanners no longer apply. This report is an update of CT scanning of the thorax and includes information on the role of CT in diagnosis when specific clinical syndromes and diseases are suspected. It also addresses controversial subjects, such as the role of CT scanning in the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma and the evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule, as well as suggesting guidelines for deciding when a CT scan of the thorax is indicated.
Building, Thinking, and Politics: Mies, Heidegger, and the Nazis

(1993). Building, Thinking, and Politics: Mies, Heidegger, and the Nazis. Journal of Architectural Education: Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 260-265.
Sequencing analysis of Ha-, Ki-, and N-ras genes in rat urinary bladder tumors induced by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) and sodium saccharin

Male F344 rats were fed N[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) for up to 4 wk, then given the basal diet with or without 5% sodium saccharin for up to 100 wk. In a previous study, we demonstrated point mutations in codons 12 and 61 of Ha-ras gene among eleven transitional cell carcinomas (TCC), one undifferentiated carcinoma, and two sarcomas of the urinary bladder (Mol Carcinogen 3:210-215, 1990). In this study, Ha-ras, Ki-ras, and N-ras sequences were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct DNA sequencing. The results confirm the point mutation in codon 61 (CAA to CGA in 5 TCCs and to CTA in one TCC) of the Ha-ras gene. Mutation at codon 12 was not confirmed. No mutation was found in the Ki-ras gene. Sequences of the N-ras gene exons 1 and 2 were determined, and no mutations was detected. These results suggest the involvement of activated Ha-ras gene, but not Ki-N or N-ras gene, in rat urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced by FANFT. Subsequent sodium saccharin administration did not affect the changes in Ha-ras gene.
Electrolyte Case Vignette: A Case of Unusual Organic Acidosis Man

A 30-year-old white man was brought to the emergency room by his mother because of mental confusion, disorientation, slurred speech, staggering gait, nystagmus, and delirium. The pertinent laboratory findings on arrival at the emergency room were: arterial blood pH 7.14, pC02 21 mm Hg, p02 112 mm Hg, HCO, 7 mEq/L, serum creatinine 2.2 mg/dL, serum urea nitrogen 18 mg/dL, serum glucose 85 mg/dL, serum sodium 143 mEq/L, serum chloride 110 mEq/L, serum osmolality 286 mosm/L, and the serum anion gap 26 mEq/L. Urinalysis showed no protein, no glucose, pH 5.5, a few calcium oxalate crystals, no RBC, no WBC, no casts, and sp gr 1.025. Serum lactate concentration was 1.6 mEq/L (normal up to 2 mEq/L) , and Acetest (Miles Laboratories, Inc, Elkhart, IN) was negative in serum and urine. The patient subsequently denied ingestion of any drugs, toxins, or ethanol. Treatment with sodium bicarbonate increased blood pH, but the patient remained confused and disoriented. Over the next 12 hours, the patient gradually recovered from neurologic dysfunction and from acidosis, with normalization of the anion gap. The medical history obtained subsequently revealed that the patient had been in good health until the development, 3 years previously, of small bowel infarction due to superior mesenteric vein thrombosis, which required resection of all of the small bowel except for 13 inches (33 cm) of the terminal ileum. After the operation, he developed malabsorption syndrome, manifested by severe weight loss and diarrhea. His gastroenterologist instructed him to take Lactobacillus Acidophilus tablets as a treatment for his diarrhea. Shortly after he was started on Lactobacillus Acidophilus, the patient began to experience episodes of the neurologic symptoms similar to those described previously. The attacks occurred initially once a month, and then at increasingly shorter intervals. The attack
An Answerability of Memory: “Saving” Khmer Classical Dance

In the aftermath of the genocide wrought in the 1970s by the Khmer Rouge, some Cambodians told themselves that dance was the reason for their survival. Hamera investigates the fraught relations between history, trauma, and truth. At stake is the survival of a family—and of a culture.
Degradation mechanism of InAlN/GaN based HFETs under high electric field stress

Degradation of InAlN/GaN based HFETs under stress for four bias conditions, namely, on-state high field stress (hot phonon, hot electron and self heating effect), off-state high field stress (hot electron effect), onstate low field stress (self heating effect), and reverse gate bias stress (inverse piezoelectric effect) has been examined. The degradation is characterized by monitoring electrical properties, such as, drain current reduction, gate lag, and low frequency noise. On-state high field stress has shown more than 50% reduction in the drain current and approximately 25-30 dBc/Hz increase in low frequency noise after 25 hours of stress, while other stress conditions led to much lesser degradation. It is demonstrated that the major degradation mechanism in InAlN/GaN HFETs is the hot-phonon and hot-electron effect in the realm of short term effects.
Liquid and Condensed Milk for Chicks

Abstract MILK products are used in rations for growing chicks and laying hens either as the sole protein supplement or in combination with packing house by-products or vegetable protein concentrates. The common practice, where laying hens have only milk to drink, has been to omit protein concentrates from the mash. Martin (1925) and Cassel (1927) have shown that when all of the animal protein is supplied in the form of skimmilk or condensed milk, there is no advantage in feeding a dry mash containing ground grains and wheat by-products. Martin (loc. cit.), however, obtained maximum egg production when a mash containing 10 percent of tankage was fed in addition to skimmilk ad libitum. When chicks are given milk as their only drink it seems to be the practice either to use no other protein supplement or to include approximately 5 percent of meat scraps in the mash. Buttermilk and skimmilk, in . . .
Escalator-related injuries in children

Objective. Escalator-related trauma is uncommon but can cause significant injury. This study reviewed escalator-related injuries in children to determine risk factors, types of injuries, medical interventions, and long-term outcomes. Design and Setting. Retrospective clinical patient series, Municipal Hospital Pediatric Emergency Service. Participants. All children less than 18 years of age who presented to the Pediatric Emergency Service with an escalator-related injury from August 1990 through February 1995. Methods. We reviewed the chart and interviewed the parent of each child by telephone. We collected the following information: age, gender, child9s supervision and activity while on the escalator, escalator location, direction of motion, presence of escalator defects, nature and extent of injury, medical interventions, and outcome. Results. Twenty-six children had escalator-related injuries. The average age was 6 years (range, 2–16). Thirteen children (50%) were 2 to 4 years old. There were 15 (57%) boys. Eighteen children (69%) were accompanied by an adult. All children 7 years and younger were accompanied by an adult; however, 50% were not holding the hand of their guardian. Eight children (31%) were injured while riding improperly, ie, walking, running, playing, or sitting on the escalator, and among these, all who were standing fell down before the injury. Six (23%) children were injured while stepping off the escalator. Of 9 children less than 4 years old, 7 (78%) were riding the escalator properly. Of 9 children 4 years or older, only 3 (33%) were riding properly. Circumstances of injury included falling down with subsequent blunt trauma, falling down with subsequent entrapment of an extremity, and entrapment of an extremity not related to falling down. Locations of entrapment were between two steps, between a step and the side-rail, and between the last step and the comb plate. Twenty-one (81%) injuries occurred in rail or subway stations. Eight escalators were reported to have functional or structural problems. Seventeen (65%) children sustained lower extremity injuries and 8 (31%) sustained upper extremity injuries. Injuries included lacerations, avulsions and degloving injuries of the extremities, tendon and nerve lacerations, and digit fractures and amputations. Thirteen (50%) children were admitted to the hospital for operative management; the average length of hospitalization was 13 days (range 1–29). Four children (15%) suffered significant functional loss, and 12 (46%) sustained permanent cosmetic deformities. Conclusion. Children are at risk for sustaining severe injuries on escalators. Young age, inadequate adult supervision, improper activity while riding on the escalator, and escalator-related mechanical problems all increase the risk of injury. Public and parent education directed toward escalator safety issues may help to reduce escalator-related injuries in children.
International Visions and Goals for the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute

Abstract The Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) has recently added public advocacy for seismic safety to its rich history of facilitating the discussion amongst earthquake scientists and engineers. In recognition of its unique role as the authoritative source for information in the United States, EERI also seeks to partner with other nations to develop information for use worldwide. In 2002, EERI began forming cooperation agreements with organizations in other countries that encourage the exchange of information, collaborative efforts in learning from earthquakes, joint memberships, development of mitigation tools and techniques, and access to seminars, conferences, and technical publications. The ultimate goal of the program is to arrest the growth of seismic vulnerability worldwide and thereby save lives, protect capital investments, and minimize economic impacts.
Mdm2 is critically and continuously required to suppress lethal p53 activity in vivo

There is currently much interest in the idea of restoring p53 activity in tumor cells by inhibiting Hdm2/Mdm2. However, it has remained unclear whether this would also activate p53 in normal cells. Using a switchable endogenous p53 mouse model, which allows rapid and reversible toggling of p53 status between wild-type and null states, we show that p53 is spontaneously active in all tested tissues of mdm2-deficient mice, triggering fatal pathologies that include ablation of classically radiosensitive tissues. In apoptosis-resistant tissues, spontaneous unbuffered p53 activity triggers profound inhibition of cell proliferation. Such acute spontaneous p53 activity occurs in the absence of any detectable p53 posttranslational modification, DNA damage, or p19ARF signaling and triggers rapid p53 degradation.
Behaviour of the insecticides ethoprophos and carbofuran during soil—water transport

The movement of the organophosphate nematicide-insecticide ethoprophos (ethoprop; O-ethyl S,S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate) and the carbamate insecticide-nematicide carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran-7-yI methylcarbamate) was studied under steady-state flow in small-scale laboratory soil columns. Miscible displacement column experiments, mass balance calculations, and batch incubation studies furnished information on insecticide sorption and degradation processes that occur during transport through soil. Miscible displacement studies demonstrated that ethoprophos degradation could be described as first-order and that both insecticides exhibited non-equilibrium sorption. Both batch and miscible displacement results showed ethoprophos to be more strongly sorbed by soil than carbofuran. Measured equilibrium sorption coefficients were 1.29 cm3 g−1 for ethoprophos and 0.29 cm3 g−1 for carbofuran on a Riverhead soil (0.011 organic carbon fraction); 035 cm3 g−1 for carbofuran on Valois soil (0.016 organic carbon fraction); and 2.38 cm3 g−1 for ethoprophos on Rhinebeck soil (0.031 organic carbon fraction). Two solutions to the convection-dispersion equation, one that incorporated equilibrium sorption and another (bicontinuum model) that included a non-equilibrium sorption term, allowed quantitative evaluation of transport processes. The bicontinuum model used in conjunction with experimental batch and mass balance techniques provided estimates of insecticide sorption and degradation parameters.
Mechanism of the Beneficial Effects of Pentoxifylline during Sepsis: Maintenance of Adrenomedullin Responsiveness and Downregulation of Proinflammatory Cytokines

Background. Although it is known that pentoxifylline (PTX) produces various beneficial effects during sepsis, it remains unknown whether this agent has any salutary effects on the depressed vascular responsiveness to adrenomedullin (ADM), a novel potent vasodilatory peptide, under such conditions. Materials and methods. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to polymicrobial sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). One hour after CLP, PTX (50 mg/kg body wt) or vehicle (normal saline) was infused intravenously over 90 min. Twenty hours after CLP (i.e., the late, hypodynamic stage of sepsis), the thoracic aorta and small intestine were isolated and preconstricted by norepinephrine. Rat ADM (10−7 M) was applied, and the percentage of ADM-induced relaxation in the aortic rings and resistance vessels in the small intestine was determined. In addition, plasma ADM was determined by radioimmunoassay and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The percentage of ADM-induced vascular relaxation in the aortic rings and resistance vessels of the isolated gut was significantly reduced 20 h after CLP. Administration of PTX early after the onset of sepsis, however, prevented the decrease in vascular ADM responsiveness at the macro- and microcirculatory levels. Plasma ADM levels increased after CLP, irrespective of PTX infusion, indicating that the effect of PTX was not mediated by altering ADM release. The upregulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 during late sepsis were, however, attenuated by PTX administration, suggesting that maintenance of ADM responsiveness by this agent appears to be due to downregulation of these cytokines. Conclusions. Since early administration of PTX maintains vascular ADM responsiveness even during the late stage of sepsis, this agent appears to be a useful adjunct in preventing the deterioration in hemodynamics and cardiovascular function during the progression of polymicrobial sepsis.
Simulation and experimental studies of dielectric resonator arrays for designing metamaterials

Electromagnetic responses of linear arrays of cylindrical dielectric resonators, which are building blocks of metamaterials, are investigated by full-wave simulations and measurements in a standard waveguide in the microwave range. It is demonstrated that electromagnetic interaction between ceramic resonators fabricated of the material with the relative permittivity of ∼37 can cause the resonance mode splitting and the formation of the resonance band even at distances between resonators exceeding several resonator diameters/heights. Interaction-related effects are found to be sensitive to the geometry of interaction and, correspondingly, to 3D positioning of arrays with respect to incident wave setting. The observed effects should be accounted for at designing metamaterial structures.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Parkinson's Disease

Recent developments in brain imaging methods are on the verge of changing the evaluation of people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This includes an assortment of techniques ranging from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to iron-sensitive methods such as T2 *, as well as adiabatic methods R1ρ and R2ρ, resting-state functional MRI, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Using a multi-modality approach that ascertains different aspects of the pathophysiology or pathology of PD, it may be possible to better characterize disease phenotypes as well as provide a surrogate of disease and a potential means to track disease progression.
Volume and Surface Area of the Hand

Hand volume and surface area were measured on 30 subjects (28 male) between the ages of 18 and 25.Volume of the preferred hand averaged 379.7 cc (100%) while the non-preferred volume was 371.6 (97....
Biochemical sensor tubing for point-of-care monitoring of intravenous drugs and metabolites

In medical facilities, there is strong motivation to develop detection systems that can provide continuous analysis of fluids in medical tubing used to either deliver or remove fluids from a patient's body. Possible applications include systems that increase the safety of intravenous (IV) drug injection and point-of-care health monitoring. In this work, we incorporated a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor comprised of an array of closely spaced metal nanodomes into flexible tubing commonly used for IV drug delivery and urinary catheters. The nanodome sensor was fabricated by a low-cost, large-area process that enables single use disposable operation. As exemplary demonstrations, the sensor was used to kinetically detect promethazine (pain medication) and urea (urinary metabolite) within their clinically relevant concentration ranges. Distinct SERS peaks for each analyte were used to demonstrate separate detection and co-detection of the analytes.
Lighting: White phosphorescent LEDs offer efficient answer

White organic LED technology is rapidly coming of age thanks to the latest research in phosphorescent designs that offer record-breaking efficiency.
Economies of Scale in the Gaming Industry: an Analysis of Casino Operations on the Las Vegas Strip and in Atlantic City

ABSTRACT This study investigates economies of scale in the gaming industry. Vertical analyses of aggregate income statements were performed comparing large casinos with small casinos on the Las Vegas Strip and in Atlantic City. In addition, correlations between cost ratios and casino revenue of Atlantic City casinos were examined. The findings show that large casinos enjoy economies of scale in terms of cost of sales, payroll, and general and administrative (including marketing) expenses. The study suggests that consolidation via mergers and acquisitions to achieve economies of scale is a viable strategy for casinos to remain profitable in saturated gaming markets.
Evaluation of the Variation in Sample Preparation for Comparative Proteomics Using Stable Isotope Labeling by Amino Acids in Cell Culture

In comparative proteomic studies, it is important to know the variability associated with sample preparation. In this study, we report the strategy of using SILAC (stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture) to evaluate the effect of the variation in sample preparation for quantitative proteomics. Variability can be measured when equal amounts of light and heavy SILAC samples undergo the same sample preparation procedures in parallel, and the two samples are mixed for relative protein quantitation by mass spectrometry. The high quantitative accuracy of SILAC allows for characterization of small variations. First, the reproducibility of immunoprecipitation (IP) and in-gel digestion was evaluated, and the impact of replicate number on quantitative accuracy was characterized. Second, we evaluated the overall variation in a comparative workflow involving three sequential sample preparation steps: IP, SDS-PAGE fractionation, and in-gel digestion. The evaluation of individual sample preparation steps was very valuable for experimental design: the optimal number of replicates for each step could be readily determined and the overall variation of the workflow could be predicted from the variation of the individual steps involved. By using informed experimental design, we demonstrated that the error associated with multiple steps of sample preparation in a comparative experiment can be limited to a reasonably low level.
Visual localization: age and practice.

Older people seem to be highly susceptible to the distracting effects of irrelevant or interfering visual stimuli, We studied this susceptibility using visual displays in which observers had to localize the position of a face. When a face appeared in isolation, observers of all ages did equally well; when distracting stimuli surrounded the face, older observers alone performed poorly. Brief periods of practice produce substantial and long-lasting improvement in performance.
Introduction to Decision Rule Systems

Decision rule systems may be used to assist special educators who must make timely, numerous, and complicated decisions. This paper defines decision rule systems and discusses their critical features and the advantages and disadvantages of their use in order to assist special educators in understanding decision rule systems. Further, the paper examines practical considerations and steps in selecting decision rule systems for use in classroom decision making.
Preventive Policy Strategy for Banking the Unbanked: Savings Accounts for Teenagers?

Concern over percentages of unbanked and underbanked households in the United States and their lack of connectedness to the financial mainstream has led to policy strategies geared toward reaching these households. Using nationally-representative longitudinal data, a preventive strategy for banking households is tested that asks whether young adults are more likely to be banked and own a diversity of financial assets when they are connected to the financial mainstream as teenagers. Young adults are more likely to own checking accounts, savings accounts, certificates of deposit, and stocks when they had savings accounts as teenagers. Policy implications are discussed.
Community Improvements and Services Costs

Unit costs of construction and maintenance of municipal public works and public utilities are a function of residential neighborhood population density. There has been a need for cost data on such municipal improvements for single-family residential neighborhoods to assist planners and engineers in setting planning and design standards for various development densities and in evaluating the costs of developing urban areas at varying densities. The investigation developed some of the needed information by means of a field study of expenditures for construction and maintenance in four residential communities and by synthesizing data for a hypothetical residential neighborhood. An account of the sources of field data is given. The manner of defining and determining residential population density is described. Some results of the data analysis for sanitary sewerage and water lines are presented as a series of 15 graphs with textural references and interpretations.
Responses to hypotension in conscious rats with chronic portal venous hypertension

Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and vascular conductance response to intravenous nitroprusside were compared in conscious, unrestrained portal vein-stenosed and sham-operated rats chronically instrumented for pulsed Doppler flowmetry. Ten to twelve days after portal vein stenosis, portal venous pressures were elevated and resting heart rates were greater. Portal vein-stenosed animals' depressor responses to nitroprusside were similar to those of sham-operated animals, despite a 41% reduction in their tachycardic response to arterial hypotension. Skeletal muscle vascular bed reflex responses to nitroprusside-induced hypotension were significantly attenuated in the portal vein-stenosed group, whereas their renal artery and superior mesenteric artery responses resembled that of the sham-operated group. After ganglionic blockade, tachycardic responses to hypotension were abolished, but portal vein-stenosed rats' heart rates remained greater than sham-operated rats. Comparisons of arterial pressure changes, renal artery, abdominal aorta, and superior mesenteric artery vascular conductance changes after ganglionic blockade revealed no differences in neurogenic vascular tone between groups. Ganglionic blockade enhanced nitroprusside depressor responses and increased vascular conductance responses to nitroprusside in both treatment groups while abolishing the between group difference in the skeletal muscle baroreflex response. These findings indicate that chronic prehepatic portal vein stenosis with portal venous hypertension results in reduced reflex tachycardic and skeletal muscle baroreflex responses to nitroprusside-induced hypotension.
Public Administration and the Political World: Three Future Prospects

This essay discusses future research directions for public administration scholars attracted to the intersection of citizens, public agencies, and politics. The conclusion provides summary recommendations for studying representational capacity of public organizations, political networks, and democratization of performance management.
Insulin and Na-dependent alanine transport in skeletal muscle of obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats

Obese Zucker (fa/fa) rat skeletal muscle is characterized by a reduced rate of muscle protein deposition possibly due to alterations in amino acid transport. The purpose of the present study was to investigate alanine transport in plasma membrane vesicles from skeletal muscle of lean and obese Zucker rats, facilitating the study of alanine transport independent of cellular metabolism. Initial rates of alanine transport were measured in the presence and absence of Na using a rapid filtration technique, and the properties of membranes from control and maximally insulin-treated lean and obese Zucker rats were studied. For lean rats, the maximal stimulation (Vmax) for Na-dependent alanine transport was 207 pmol.mg-1.s-1, and the half-maximal affinity constant (K1/2) was 2.3 mM. Insulin treatment increased the Vmax to 387 pmol.mg-1.s-1 with no changes in K1/2. For the obese rats, the Vmax for Na-dependent alanine transport was 248 pmol.mg-1.s-1, and the K1/2 was 2.8 mM. These values were not changed by insulin treatment. Thus Na-dependent alanine transport in obese rat skeletal muscle is resistant to stimulation by insulin; this alteration may contribute to the abnormal muscle protein metabolism observed in these animals.
How colors in business dashboards affect users' decision making

Business dashboards that overuse or misuse colors cause cognitive overload for users who then take longer to make decisions.
New windows into the brain: using glass to see deeper

We present the use of simple glass structures, such as plugs, prisms, and prism-plug combinations, for chronic in vivo multiphoton microscopy of cortical and sub-cortical structures with high-resolution and large fields-of-view.
The fabrication of self-assembling peptides into nanofiber scaffolds through molecular self-assembly

We designed and fabricated a class of self-assembling peptides into nanofiber scaffolds. KLDL-12 has been shown to be a permissible nanofiber scaffold for chondrocytes in cartilage 3-D cell cultures. However, the biochemical, structural, and biophysical properties of KLDL- 12 remain unclear. We show that KLDL-12 peptides form stable β-sheet structures at different pH values and that KLDL-12 and RIDI-12 self-assemble into nanofibers. The nanofiber length, though, is sensitive to pH changes. These results not only suggest the importance of electrostatic attraction or repulsion affecting the fiber lengths but also provide us with useful information for rational design and fabrication of peptide scaffolds.
Management of Warfarin in Patients Desiring Tattoo Placement A Review of Recommendations for Cutaneous Procedures

Objective: To provide a review of the primary literature regarding recommendations for management of chronic warfarin therapy during tattoo placement. Data Sources: PubMed and IDIS were searched (u...
Abstract 709: Mitosis interference of cancer cells by NovoTTF-100A causes decreased cellular viability.

Cancer cell death from traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiation is a result of triggering cell cycle checkpoint with p53 playing a prominent role in orchestrating this effect. Unlike these traditional approaches, the NovoTTF-100A device, which has been approved for the treatment of recurrent glioblastomas, kills tumor cells by a novel mechanism that interferes with the proper progression through mitosis. As is the case with earlier therapeutic interventions, only a subset of patients shows significant response to TTFields treatment. Our research reveals that the tumor-treating fields (TTFields) affects processes proximal to the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, leading to cell cycle arrest in anaphase and eventual cell death. Tissue culture cells exposed to the TTFields during mitosis exhibit a variety of outcomes, including cell arrest in anaphase, cytokinesis with cytokinetic furrow regression, and slippage out of mitosis without division. Time-lapse movies of cells stained with the DNA stain DRAQ5 and exposed to the TTFields revealed membrane blebbing and oscillation, as well as failed segregation of sister chromatids from the metaphase plate, both of which were initiated near the time of metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Immunoflourescence of cells after short-term treatment with TTFields during mitosis showed disordered separation of chromosomes from metaphase plates accompanied by lagging chromosomes, dispersion of chromosomes from the metaphase plate, chromosomes de-condensation in the absence of cytokinesis, and daughter cells with asymmetric chromosomal segregation. Flow cytometry also revealed the presence of cells with abnormal DNA content in cultures treated with TTFields. In contrast to the p53 mutant cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and HCT 116, U87 cells with wild-type p53 exhibit increased Annexin V binding, Caspase activation and increased markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress after brief exposure during mitosis. This suggests the TTFields induced cellular damage is able to trigger p53-dependent cell death in cells that escape killing during M-phase. These data show that the effects of TTFields on cellular damage during M-phase and provide evidence for the notion that the differential responses to treatment seen in patients may be rooted in the underlying genetic alterations in their tumors. Citation Format: Sze Xian Lee, Eric T. Wong, Kenneth D. Swanson. Mitosis interference of cancer cells by NovoTTF-100A causes decreased cellular viability. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 709. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-709
Variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and computational studies examining water and potassium adsorption on Au(100)

The coadsorption of water and potassium on a Au(100) surface is examined using variable-temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM). The two-layer system initially formed on the reconstructed Au(100) through addition of K is converted into a labyrinthine row structure upon the introduction of water. This structure features KOH molecules likely covered with a water adlayer. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations provide further insight into the observed labyrinthine striped structures formed by adsorbed KOH. Images obtained following limited introduction of water feature larger unreacted areas and a more disordered row structure.
6,7-Di­chloro-2,3-bis(pyridin-2-yl)quinox­aline

The title compound, C18H10Cl2N4, synthesized by the condensation reaction between 4,5-di­chloro­benzene-1,2-di­amine and 1,2-di(pyridin-2-yl)ethane-1,2-dione in boiling acetic acid, has a nearly planar quinoxaline moiety [maximum deviation = 0.070 (1) A] whose mean plane makes dihedral angles of 40.51 (2) and 39.29 (3)° with the pyridine rings. Within the unit cell, there are no classical hydrogen bonds. Molecules in the structure pack with π–π stacking contacts between the quinoxaline units and nearby pyridine rings with an intercentroid distance of 3.7676 (9) A.
Experimental study on HSV-tk gene therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma

Objective:To study the effect of HSV-tk suicide gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods:A vector LXpsp-AFP-hytk which contains hy-tk fusion gene and a vector LXSH which contains only hygromycin phosphotransferase(hph)gene were used in the experiments.These two vectors were transduced separately into two groups of hepatocellular carcinoma cell line,HEPG2,by lipofectin.HEPG2 was selected by hygromycin B.The dosage of hygromycin B was determined as following:all cells of HEPG2 died after twelve days,the lowest concentration of hygromycin B was 60μg/ml.Results:60μg/ml hygromycin B was the best dosage to select HEPG2.The hy-tk cell clone and hy cell clone were obtained by hygromycin B at the dosage of 60μg/ml in this experiment,and named as HEPG2-AFP-hytk and HEPG2-hy respectively.There was no difference in the growth curve of HEPG2,HEPG2-hy and HEPG2-AFP-hytk.Different Ganciclovir(GCV)dosage was given to HEPG2,HEPG2-hy and HEPG2-AFP-hytk.The cytotoxic effect of GCV on HEPG2-hy-tk cells(0.03-400μmol/L)was obvious(IC50=0.03μmol/L),while GCV almost showed no any cytotoxic effect on HEPG2 and HEPG2-hy cells(IC50400μmol/L).HEPG2-AFP-hytk was killed by 30μmol/L GCV effectively.Over dosage of GCV didn' t show any adding effect.The killing effect of 30μmol/L GCV on HEPG2-AFP-hytk cells strengthened as time went on,killing began after 24 hours,and killed over 80% of cells after 96 hours.At the dosage of 30μmol/L GCV for 120 hours,38% of the cells of HEPG2-AFP-hytk and HEPG2-hy mixture were killed when HEPG2-AFP-hytk occupied only 18% of the mixture culture cells.It obviously showed the bystander effect.Conclusions:The best dosage of hygromycin is 60μg/ml for selecting HEPG2-AFP-hytk.The best dosage of GCV is 30μmol/L to kill HEPG2-AFP-hytk.HEPG2-AFP-hytk has the bystander effect,if it is greater than 18% of the mixture cells of HEPG2-AFP-hytk in the HSV-tk/GCV system.