cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Follow-up study of long-term survivors of osteosarcoma in the prechemotherapy era

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone sarcoma. Several studies published in the 1960s established that approximately one fifth of patients survive when treated with surgery alone. There is no information, however, about the long-term consequences of osteosarcoma. It is especially relevant to know if these patients are at risk for a second malignancy. We reviewed all clinical records from long-term (defined as more than 10 years) osteosarcoma survivors treated at Mayo Clinic in the prechemotherapeutic era from 1900 to 1960. We re-reviewed histological sections for most cases. Patients or next of kin provided follow-up information during telephone interviews. Rates of second malignancy were compared with expected rates in the population at large. We identified 465 patients treated for osteosarcoma. Of these patients, 83 (17.8%) were long-term survivors, including 19 who were alive up to 65 years after treatment. Of the 7 patients with pulmonary metastases, 3 died. A second malignancy developed in 26 patients, 15 of whom died of the malignancy. Although long-term survivors of osteosarcoma have a higher incidence of a second malignant tumor than a normal population, this increase was not statistically significant. No demographic or histological variables predicted long-term survival.
Where Is Social Structure in Personality Research? A Feminist Analysis of Publication Trends

For decades, feminist scholars have argued that to understand a person’s behavior, one must understand not only that individual but also the social structure in which she or he is embedded. Has psychology heeded these calls? The authors investigated this question using the subfield of personality as an exemplar. Based on a systematic analysis of publication trends in nine prominent journals, the authors found that social-structural analyses rarely appear in highly cited journals specifically devoted to personality research. Instead, these analyses appear in journals that focus on certain social structures (gender and race/ethnicity), while still neglecting others (social class and sexual orientation). To illustrate how greater attention to social structure can advance the scientific understanding of individuals, the authors then identified specific research programs that look closely at both personality and structure. The article concludes with specific recommendations for research and teaching in persona...
Pandemic Serotypes of Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Ships’ Ballast Tanks and Coastal Waters: Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes (tcpA and ctxA)

There is concern that ships’ ballasting operations may disseminate Vibrio cholerae to ports throughout the world. Given evidence that the bacterium is indeed transported by ships, we isolated pandemic serotypes O1 and O139 from ballast tanks and characterized them with respect to antibiotic resistance and virulence genes ctxA and tcpA. We carried out concurrent studies with V. cholerae isolated from coastal waters. Of 284 isolates, 30 were serotype O1 and 59 were serotype O139. These serotypes were overrepresented in ballast tanks relative to the coastal waters sampled. All locations, whether coastal waters or ballast tanks, yielded samples from which serotype O1, O139, or both were isolated. There were three groups among the 62 isolates for which antibiotic characterization was conclusive: those exhibiting β-lactamase activity and resistance to at least one of the 12 antibiotics tested; those negative for β-lactamase but having antibiotic resistance; those negative for β-lactamase and registering no antibiotic resistance. When present, antibiotic resistance in nearly all cases was to ampicillin; resistance to multiple antibiotics was uncommon. PCR assays revealed that none of the isolates contained the ctxA gene and only two isolates, one O139 and one O1, contained the tcpA gene; both isolates originated from ballast water. These results support the bacteriological regulations proposed by the International Maritime Association for discharged ballast water.
Protein kinase C-dependent regulation of l-arginine transport activity in Caco-2 intestinal cells

Abstract The regulation of plasma membrane l -arginine transport activity was investigated in differentiated and undifferentiated states of the human intestinal cell line, Caco-2. The sodium-independent, leucine-insensitive uptake of l -arginine measured in this study has been assigned by us previously to system y + in Caco-2 cells. Treatment of cells with serum-free media containing epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor α (TGFα), or the protein kinase C (PKC) activator 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), stimulated system y + arginine transport activity in Caco-2 cells. Transport upregulation by these growth factors or by TPA was blocked by cycloheximide or the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine. Arginine uptake was diminished during the course of differentiation, attributable to a reduction in the transport system y + capacity ( V max ) with no change in apparent affinity ( K m ). TPA stimulated arginine uptake required at least 3 h of continual exposure, and increased the membrane's transport capacity ( V max ) in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells. TPA elevated the diminished transport V max of differentiated cells TPA to the elevated V max value associated with undifferentiated cells. We conclude that upregulation of arginine transport is part of a pleiotropic response to EGF/TGFα, and that this involves PKC and de novo synthesis of polypeptides associated with system y + transport activity.
Thermal expansion of neptunium

Mesures experimentales par dilatometrie entre 100 et 870 K de la dilatation thermique de Np−α et Np−β
A comparative assessment of resources of e-business-spawned and e-business-adopting export management companies

The spread of e-business not only compelled the existing export management companies (EMCs) to reintermediate themselves, but also engineered the formation of new types of EMCs. Although the international business literature is mostly aware of the resource profiles of the traditional EMCs that adopted e-business and became reintermediated, however, little is known about the resource profiles of the new types of EMCs. This study advances the literature by building a comparative assessment of resource profiles of the new types of EMCs, necessary for the future development of responsive export marketing strategies for all types of EMCs and their suppliers.
The Conditional Effects of Gender and Delinquency on the Relationship Between Emotional Distress and Suicidal Ideation or Attempt Among Youth

Using data provided by a national sample of youth studied at two points in time (N = 4,221), this study assesses the independent and interactive effects of emotional distress and delinquency involv...
Implications for Entry Level Test Professionals

This paper discusses the product and manufacturing trends that are currently impacting the testing function. In addition, since educational experiences relevant to testing is minimal at most universities, the impact of current and future trends in testing are noted.
The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy on changing eating disorder symptoms and psychopathology of 32 anorexia nervosa patients at hospital discharge and one year follow-up

Background. This study aims to assess changes in core eating disorder psychopathology (Eating Attitudes Test, EAT; Eating Disorders Inventory-2, EDI-2), depression (Hamilton Rating Scale, HRSD; Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) and general psychopathology (MMPI-2) after inpatient treatment and one-year follow-up among patients diagnosed with anorexia. Methods. Thirty-two patients were treated for anorexia nervosa on an inpatient unit, and were assessed before and after treatment. The inpatient milieu was designed to use cognitive therapy as the primary therapeutic intervention, along with weight restoration. Results. At discharge, all patients displayed significant change in core eating disorder psychopathology in their depressive symptoms, as well as in general aspects of psychopathology. At one-year follow-up, changes in some areas of core eating disorder psychopathology and depressive symptoms continued to be significantly different than from admissions. Conclusions. The combination of CBT and weight restoration can significantly reduce eating disorder symptoms, depression, and general psychopathology during hospitalization, with some sustained benefit over a one year period. Future research is needed to identify the effect of CBT on anorexia nervosa during a wide variety of treatment settings. Also, research must focus on the influence of outpatient treatment in the outcome of anorexia nervosa.
Program Components and Outcomes of Individuals With Dementia: Results From the Replication of an Evidence-Based Program:

This study examines whether the delivery of three components, (a) exercise training, (b) behavior management skill building, and (c) dementia-related education, in an evidence-based program are differentially associated with changes in outcomes for individuals with dementia (IWDs) after 3 months. Data come from 508 IWDs participating in the community replication of the evidence-based “Reducing Disability in Alzheimer’s Disease” program. Regression results indicate that after 3 months, more exercise sessions are associated with improvements in physical functioning, mobility, minutes exercising, and symptoms of depression; more dementia education sessions are related to fewer restricted activity days; and more behavior management sessions are related to more symptoms of depression. As resource-strapped agencies look to best serve participants, further analysis and consideration is needed to determine the ideal balance of program efficacy, feasibility, and resources, as well as program benefits for IWDs and ...
Test planning for the effective utilization of port-scalable testers for heterogeneous core-based SOCs

Many SOCs contain embedded cores with different scan frequencies. To better meet the test requirements for such heterogeneous SOCs, leading tester companies have recently introduced port-scalable testers, which can simultaneously drive groups of channels at different data rates. However the number of tester channels available for scan testing is limited; therefore, a higher shift frequency can increase the test time for a core if the resulting test access architecture reduces the bitwidth used to access it. We present a scalable test planning technique that exploits port scalability of testers to reduce SOC test time. We compare the proposed heuristic optimization method to two baseline methods based on prior work that use a single scan data rate for all the embedded cores.
Real-time configurations for space transforms for obstacle avoidance

A method is presented for computation of obstacle bound aries in configuration space, with particular emphasis on time efficiency. Properties of configuration space transfor mations are presented in general, and these properties are invoked in algorithms that result in highly efficient com putations. The approach depends on the definition of a set of primitives, which are themselves efficiently trans formed and may be combined logically to construct more complex transformations. The concepts are illustrated with both computed and empirically obtained configura tion space obstacles in two and three dimensions. Perfor mance data for real-time transformations are reported.
Universal scheme for measuring the electron T1 in semiconductors and application to a lightly-doped n-GaAs sample

Abstract A new technique has been developed for measuring the T 1 spin lifetime of electrons, and should have near universal applicability among III–V semiconductors. The technique has been applied to a lightly doped GaAs sample with n = 3 × 10 14 cm − 3 . Spin decays were measured for fields from 0.5 to 7 T, at temperatures of 1.5 and 5 K. The spin lifetimes were shorter than expected, possibly due to compensation in the sample.
The Dynamics of Health Care Opinion, 2008–2010: Partisanship, Self-Interest, and Racial Resentment

Recent debate over the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act highlights the extent of party polarization in Washington. While the partisan divide on this issue is stark among political elites, it is less clear how the mass electorate has responded to this divisive conflict. In this article we examine individual-level dynamics in health care attitudes between 2008 and 2010. We find partisan attachments and self-interests strongly predict change in health care attitudes, with Republicans growing more opposed to universal health insurance between 2008 and 2010, and those personally worried about medical expenses less likely to abandon support. We find, however, that the effect of partisanship is moderated by self-interest, with strong Republicans significantly less likely to switch to opposition if they were personally worried about medical expenses. Finally, we find that health care policy preferences, already tinged with racial attitudes in 2008, became increasingly so by 2010.
Triacylglycerol Secretion in Rats: Effects of Essential Fatty Acids and Influence of Dietary Sucrose, Glucose or Fructose

The rate of triacylglycerol (TG) secretion into plasma was determined in vivo in essential-fatty-acid(EFA)-adequate and EFA-deficient rats fed for 8-10 weeks on diets containing either sucrose, glucose or fructose (66.5% wt/wt) as the sole source of carbohydrate. The rate of TG secretion was increased in EFA-deficient rats, irrespective of the type of dietary carbohydrate. The secretion rate in EFA-deficient rats fed fructose was 50% higher than the rate in similar animals fed glucose or sucrose, although in the EFA-adequate rats, the secretion rate with fructose was not significantly higher than with sucrose or glucose. The concentrations of triacylglycerols and cholesteryl esters in plasma were generally reduced in EFA deficiency, whereas the concentrations of these lipids in liver were increased. Plasma free fatty acid concentrations were unchanged. The fatty acid composition of plasma and hepatic lipids was altered both by EFA deficiency and to a smaller extent by the type of dietary carbohydrate. The concentration of plasma glucagon was reduced in the deficient animals, although plasma insulin concentration was not affected. The resulting increase in the plasma insulin:glucagon molar ratio may explain some of the alterations in lipid concentrations and in lipid metabolism observed in EFA deficiency.
Global stabilization of a fully actuated mechanical system on a Riemannian manifold: controller structure

We present a general intrinsic controller for stabilization of an arbitrary configuration of a fully actuated simple mechanical control system, evolving on a Riemannian manifold. We explicitly determine conditions for an error function on the configuration manifold and present a family of controllers. We show that under certain assumptions the controllers achieve stabilization with an almost global domain of attraction. The controllers do not cancel benign nonlinearities and can accommodate control saturation effects. Being intrinsic, we do not assume any coordinates. Finally, we illustrate our technique by explicitly deriving a control law that almost globally asymptotically stabilizes the inverted position of a spherical pendulum. Continuing this work by N. A. Chaturvedi, et al., we explicitly present error functions for many configuration manifolds encountered in engineering examples, and show how to design almost globally stabilizing controllers, under saturation effects. In this paper, we present the structure of such a controller and establish the properties of the resulting closed-loop.
Comparing Online to Face-to-Face Delivery of Undergraduate Digital Circuits Content

This paper presents a comparison of online to traditional face-to-face delivery of undergraduate digital systems material. Two specific components of digital content were compared and evaluated: a sophomore logic circuits course with no laboratory, and a microprocessor laboratory component of a junior-level computer systems course. For each of these, a baseline level of student understanding was evaluated when they were being taught using traditional, face-to-face delivery. The course and lab component were then converted to being fully online, and the level of student understanding was again measured. In both cases, the same purpose-developed assessment tools were used to carry out the measurement of understanding. This paper presents the details of how the course components were converted to online delivery, including a discussion of the technology used to accomplish remote access of the electronic test equipment used in the laboratory. A comparison is then presented between the control and the experimental groups, including a statistical analysis of whether the delivery approach impacted student learning. Finally, student satisfaction is discussed, and instructor observations are given for the successful remote delivery of this type of class and laboratory.
Commentary: Social Science Intellectuals, Sustainable Development and the Political Economies of Bolivia

Sustainable development has become used as a master framework for development policies in Bolivia. It also has become a major source of employment for many social science intellectuals. Their activities are set amid the coupling of repressive neo-liberal policies with the progressive pluri-cultural and multi-ethnic reforms (the pluri-multi reforms). Their work is based also on the coupling of academic-applied livelihoods and identities. Shifts in both academic and applied employment are marked by the increase of short-term work contracts, spatial fragmentation, and ideological pressure to produce efficiently managed citizens and environments. These shifts threaten the cultural logics that have been used to justify the role of many social science intellectuals in sustainable development
Mediated Messages: Gender, Class, and Cosmos in Home Video Games

Les jeux video domestiques sont devenus monnaie courante dans les foyers americains. Ils renferment les valeurs de la culture dominante et sont donc des moyens utilises pour renforcer, a travers le jeu, les comportements et les modeles d'ordre de la societe, par le biais de recompense et de punition. Or, la culture ne peut etre uniformement partagee lorsque la societe est composee de nombreuses subcultures. Etudier les jeux video sur differentes periodes peut donner une indication sur la maniere dont est developpee la culture de masse. Les valeurs recues correspondent-elles a celles transmises ? Comment sont-elles transmises et comment les enfants interpretent-ils le contenu des jeux ?
New Method of Probability Density Estimation with Application to Mutual Information Based Image Registration

We present a new, robust and computationally efficient method for estimating the probability density of the intensity values in an image. Our approach makes use of a continuous representation of the image and develops a relation between probability density at a particular intensity value and image gradients along the level sets at that value. Unlike traditional sample-based methods such as histograms, minimum spanning trees (MSTs), Parzen windows or mixture models, our technique expressly accounts for the relative ordering of the intensity values at different image locations and exploits the geometry of the image surface. Moreover, our method avoids the histogram binning problem and requires no critical parameter tuning. We extend the method to compute the joint density between two or more images. We apply our density estimation technique to the task of affine registration of 2D images using mutual information and show good results under high noise.
Murine hepatic β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase gene expression involves usage of a novel upstream exon region

ST6Gal I (β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase, SiaT-1, ST6N, EC 2.4.99.1) mediates the attachment of the α2,6-sialyl linkage common on N-linked glycans. Previous work suggests substantial inter-species conservation in SIAT1, the gene encoding ST6Gal I. In human and in rat, hepatic-specific SIAT1 transcription is initiated at Exon I. Here we report a surprising departure in the structural organization of the murine ST6Gal I gene. By a combination of primer extension analysis, 5′-RACE analysis, and analysis of genomic sequences, we show that the murine hepatic ST6Gal I mRNA contains a novel region 5′ of Exon I. This novel sequence is encoded on a discrete upstream exon, Exon H. In contrast to human and rat hepatic ST6Gal I, the murine mRNA is transcriptionally initiated at the start of Exon H. Differential mRNA blot analysis indicates that transcripts containing Exon H sequences are preferentially expressed in liver.
Creation and extinction: The geological background to the initial American reception of Charles Darwin's Origin of Species

On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin (1809–1882) was published in 1859 in England and in 1860 in the United States. Its relatively positive initial reception in the United States was facilitated by a number of factors including the prominence of geology among the sciences, the high standing of Darwin with James Dwight Dana (1813–1895), and common knowledge about geology among many non-geologists. As indicated by the example of Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865), knowledge of a long duration for the Earth and of the fact of species extinction was taken for granted. At the level of elite science, knowledge of geological concepts was also widespread, as indicated by the example of Joseph Henry (1797–1878), first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Instructed in geology not only by Amos Eaton (1776–1842) but also by the lectures of Charles Lyell (1797–1875), Henry proved a well-placed advocate for giving Darwin's book a fair hearing. In doing so Henry allied himself with the Harvard botanist Asa Gray (18...
Der Stoffwechsel der Trypanosomen

Der Erforschung des Stoffwechsels der Protozoen stellen sich Schwierigkeiten entgegen, denen man bei den meisten anderen Phyla nicht begegnet. Diese Schwierigkeiten sind im allgemeinen auf die Kleinheit der Versuchstiere zuruckzufuhren. Es ist haufig nicht leicht und manchmal unmoglich, genugend Material fur chemische Bestimmungen herbeizuschaffen, fur die keine spezifischen Mikromethoden zur Verfugung stehen. Weiter ist die Frage bakterieller Verunreinigungen nicht zu vernachlassigen. Es liegt auf der Hand, das dieser Faktor bei einigermasen sauberem Arbeiten mit groseren Wirbellosen, wie Schnekken, vielen freilebenden Wurmern und Insekten, eine nur untergeordnete Rolle spielt, obwohl selbst hier in Spezialfallen und fur besondere Fragestellungen Vorsicht am Platz ist. Wenn man die Literatur uber den Stoffwechsel der Protozoen studiert, wird man sofort gewahr, das wahrer Fortschritt nur oder, vielleicht richtiger gesagt, fast nur mit solchen Formen erzielt wurde, bei denen eine bakterienfreie Zuchtung groserer Mengen moglich war. Das ist z. B. der Fall mit dem viel untersuchten Ciliaten Tetrahymena, und es ist bezeichnend, das fur keinen anderen Ciliaten auch nur annahernd so viel bekannt geworden ist als gerade fur Tetrahymena.
catena-Poly[[[bis­(O,O′-diisobutyl dithio­phosphato-κ2S,S′)nickel(II)]-μ-1,2-bis­(4-pyridylmethyl­ene)hydrazine-κ2N:N′] toluene disolvate]

The polymeric title compound, {[Ni(C8H18O2PS2)2(C12H10N4)]·2C7H7}n, has a linear topology and features octa­hedrally coordinated Ni atoms with a trans-N2S4 donor set. The toluene solvent mol­ecules occupy channels defined by the three-dimensional stacking of the polymeric chains. The Ni atom is located at a centre of inversion and the bridging 1,2-bis­(4-pyridylmethyl­ene)hydrazine4-pyridine mol­ecule is also disposed about a centre of inversion. One isobutoxy group is disordered equally over two positions.
Univalent solutions of elliptic systems of Heinz-Lewy type

Under consideration are homeomorphisms u = (u1(x1, x2), u2(x1, x2)) with finite Dirichlet integral which solve binary, quasilinear elliptic systems (3) with quadratic growth in the gradient of the solution mapping. Regularity results are derived under minimal assumptions on the coefficients of the system. The non-vanishing of the Jacobian is shown for the Heinz-Lewy system (1) together with an a priori estimate from below under suitable normalizations. This involves proving an asymptotic expansion for real-valued functions φ(x) satisfying the differential inequality (2).
Determination of Optimal Handle Sizes by use of Normalized Hand Sizes in a Pulling Task

Two handle shapes (double frustum and oval) with different sizes, resulting in a total of 10 handles were tested to determine optimal handle sizes in a pulling task. Force data were collected by force sensitive resistors (FSR), which were placed on the palmar surface of the fingers. Subjective ratings of discomfort were also recorded for each handle. The results of subjective ratings showed that medium sized-handles were described as being more comfortable than the other sizes, and double frustum handles required less finger forces than oval handles. ‘Normalized Hand Size (NHS)’, which is the ratio of handle circumference to user's hand length was applied to predict the optimum handle size for the subjective ratings as well as finger forces in a pulling task according to the user's hand size. in oval handles, generally medium handles showed higher preference and required less finger forces than large handles. in case of the double frustum handles, the 60.9% NHS was the best ratio for the least subjective ...
Measurement of p+d. -->. /sup 3/He+. gamma. and comparison with the inverse reaction

Seven differential cross sections of the reaction $p+d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{3}\mathrm{He}+\ensuremath{\gamma}$ have been measured at ${T}_{p}=450 \mathrm{and} 550$ MeV between 52\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 92\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} (${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ c.m.). $^{3}\mathrm{He}$'s were analyzed by the SPES I spectrometer in coincidence with photons detected by Cherenkov counters. The results are about twice the cross sections of the inverse reaction measured recently by Hegerath et al. and by Argan et al. The data are consistent, however, with the $\ensuremath{\gamma}+^{3}\mathrm{He}\ensuremath{\rightleftarrows}p+d$ data of Heusch et al.
Large-reach memory management unit caches: Coalesced and shared memory management unit caches to accelerate TLB miss handling

Within the ever-important memory hierarchy, little research is devoted to Memory Management Unit (MMU) caches, implemented in modern processors to accelerate Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) misses. MMU caches play a critical role in determining system performance. This paper presents a measurement study quantifying the size of that role, and describes two novel optimizations to improve the performance of this structure on a range of sequential and parallel big-data workloads. The first is a software/hardware optimization that requires modest operating system (OS) and hardware support. In this approach, the OS allocates page table pages in ways that make them amenable for coalescing in MMU caches, increasing their hit rates. The second is a readily-implementable hardware-only approach, replacing standard per-core MMU caches with a single shared MMU cache of the same total area. Despite its additional access latencies, reduced miss rates greatly improve performance. The approaches are orthogonal; together, they achieve performance close to ideal MMU caches. Overall, this paper addresses the paucity of research on MMU caches. Our insights will assist the development of high-performance address translation support for systems running big-data applications.
Other Diseases in Endocrinology

Because diabetes is one of the most researched diseases regarding the autonomic nervous system and due to its near epidemic conditions, other endocrine diseases are often overlooked. This is unfortunate, especially given the intimate relationship between the ANS and the endocrine system. Virtually, all hormones are at least neuromodulators and some serve as neurotransmitters. This relationship often makes these “other” endocrine diseases (the title is in no way meant to be de minimis) some of the more interesting diseases to diagnose and treat. Unfortunately, at this time, we only have significant amounts of data to discuss hypothyroid and estrogen dysfunction. In many cases, establishing and maintaining P&S balance helps to maintain a more normal endocrine function. However, the challenge is in the fact that changes, due to therapy, in the functioning of the ANS and the endocrine system are on different time scales and treating one affects the other. As a result, the physician and the patient must treat one and wait to see the response in the other, treat the other, and wait again. This “seesawing” back and forth may happen three or more times over 18 or more months before a final equilibrium is reached. Examples are included.
Determination of eleven phthalate esters in drinking water by automated solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry

Objective:To develop a method for the determination of 11 phthalate esters in drinking water by automated solid phase micro-extraction and gas chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Methods:The PAEs in water were extracted using polyacrylate(PA) fiber,and then the fiber was introduced into the GC injector port and the extracts were desorbed at 270 ℃ with CTC automated solid phase micro-extraction device. The detection of 11 PAEs was carried out by GC-QqQ-MS/MS in the multi-reaction monitoring(MRM) mode and quantified using external standard method. Results:The detection limits ranged from 0. 0004 μg/L ~ 0. 06 μg/L with recoveries of 79. 3% ~ 129. 0% and relative standard deviations of 6. 8% ~ 22. 7%(n = 5). Conclusion:The method is simple,rapid,sensitive,and it is suitable for qualitative and quantitative determination of 11 phthalates in drinking water.
Evidence from Psycholinguistics:How to Learn English More Efficiently?

Considering the passive situation of English learning,such as large scale students are left behind, the phenomenon of high score vs.low competence is pervasive and the phenomenon of"deaf""dumb"English is serious,this article,from a psycholinguistic perspective,systematically explores how to learn English more efficiently based on human's English learning talent evidence.It argues that every normal person should be able to learn English well,acquisition with learning as assistant is an effective approach to overcome the phenomena of high score vs.low competence and"deaf""dumb"English,taking advantage of one's multiple intelligence is the best way to ensure no one left behind in English learning.
Interdisciplinary Research in SCM: Through the Lens of the Behavioral Theory of the Firm

To accelerate research discoveries—those required to address paramount challenges facing business today—researchers from diverse disciplines must work together. Interdisciplinary research (IDR) is a research that involves bringing together perspectives from two or more disciplines in an integrative manner to address complex and multifaceted supply chain management (SCM) problems. IDR is needed to address contemporary business challenges. We look at SCM research through the lens of the Behavioral Theory of the Firm (BTF) drawing parallels in research evolution and noting similar antecedents in theoretical development. We point to the advances BTF has offered to organizational theory built on IDR and consider the possibilities for SCM. We make a case for methodological diversity in supporting this research, further paralleling lessons from BTF. Last, we describe the state of IDR in SCM today, discuss the objective of this special issue, and showcase the five contributing papers.
“For the Means of Your Subsistence ... Look Under God to Your Own Industry and Frugality”: Life and Labor in Gerrit Smith's Peterboro

The rural hamlet of Peterboro, the home of Gerrit Smith, the nineteenth century's most famous social reformer, has been portrayed as an idyllic and peaceful community free of class conflict. The extensive documentary record suggests a less harmonious situation and indicates that the community was fraught with struggle, engendered as much by Smith's reform efforts as by general class relations. This article examines class-based struggle through several vignettes, including a look at the voting patterns of the Liberty party in Smithfield, the social conditions of African Americans who lived in Peterboro, and the story of the temperance hotel.
Reconstruction of the Female Urethra to Allow Intermittent Catheterization for Neurogenic Bladders and Urogenital Sinus Anomalies

AbstractThree girls with a neurogenic bladder and vaginally placed urethral meatus are described. Reconstructive techniques to allow intermittent catheterization and successful undiversion are discussed. All 3 girls currently are continent on intermittent catheterization and have been followed for 1 to 3 years.
The Statin Trilogy (II): Tripped and Fell at the Train ‘Statin’

This case discusses the pharmacokinetic interaction between simvastatin and ketoconazole resulting in rhabdomyolysis. Simvastatin is a cytochrome P450 3A4 substrate and ketoconazole is a 3A4 inhibitor.
Mass Instruction or Higher Learning? The Impact of College Class Size on Student Retention and Graduation

This paper measures the effects of collegiate class size on college retention and graduation. Class size is a perennial issue in research on primary and secondary schooling. Few researchers have fo...
The Populus Genome Initiative

The genus Populus consists of about 29 species organized into six major sections that occur primarily in the Northern Hemisphere (Eckenwalder 1996). Species from the different sections of the genus have diverse ecological characteristics. Two of the most economically important sections (Aigeiros and Tacamahaca) contain species collectively known as cottonwoods. These occur mostly in riparian zones and are characterized by primarily ruderal life history, dominating early successional stages and thriving on flood-mediated disturbance (Braatne et al. 1996; Karrenberg et al. 2002). The other major section of the genus (section Populus, also known as Leuce), contains species commonly known as aspens, which are characterized by extensive clonal growth, and which can occur in very diverse sites, from mixed upland forests to boreal regions (Barnes 1969; Peterson and Peterson 1992; Romme et al. 2001). The cottonwood sections of the genus are highly interfertile and readily hybridize, and the aspen species are also highly interfertile, but the cottonwoods are reproductively isolated from the aspens. This isolation is reflected by the strong ecological, morphological, and genetic distinctions between these groups of species (Stettler et al. 1980). All Populusspecies have 38 chromosomes in their diploid genomes (Blackburn and Heslop Harrison 1924), with exceptions apparently occurring regularly within species due to meiotic nondisjunction (Einspahr et al. 1963; Bradshaw and Stettler 1993).
The 21-gene recurrence score assay for node-positive, early-stage breast cancer and impact of RxPONDER trial on chemotherapy decision-making: Have clinicians already decided?

Background: The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay is retrospectively validated for assessing prognosis and benefit from chemotherapy in hormone receptor-positive, early-stage breast cancer (EBC) with low RS. We hypothesized that oncologists have already incorporated the RS assay for decision-making in higher-risk, node-positive disease, despite the lack of prospective data and contrary to NCCN Guideline recommendations. This study provides the first analysis of trends and differences in RS use and therapeutic implications in a population-based data set of patients with node-positive EBC. It also assesses the impact of the RxPONDER trial on clinicians' chemotherapy recommendations. Methods: Node-positive EBC cases diagnosed during 2010 through 2012 and included in the National Cancer Data Base were used. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate test use and impact on chemotherapy recommendations. Results: The RS assay was ordered for 16.5% of the 80,405 identified patients. Of all variables, the RS assay had the strongest association with chemotherapy recommendation, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of 19 for scores >30. Odds of chemotherapy recommendation were significantly lower for the group who received the test (AOR, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.20-0.22). When divided based on the cutoff point of 25 adopted by the RxPONDER trial, those with an RS of 18 to 25 had significantly lower odds of chemotherapy recommendation compared with those with an RS of 26 to 30 (AOR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.26-0.40). Test use was lower for blacks, community centers, uninsured/governmentally insured patients, higher tumor grade, larger tumor size, and more nodes involved. Chemotherapy recommendation was higher for patients of younger age, with private insurance, and with higher tumor grade, size, and number of nodes involved. Black patients had significantly higher RS (AOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.25-1.79). Conclusions: The RS assay influences clinicians' chemotherapy recommendation in node-positive EBC. Clinicians are using the inclusion criteria of the RxPONDER trial before its final release. Black patients have higher RS, likely representing worse biology. Significant differences exist in test use and clinical implications based on race, insurance, and facility.
The effect of stereotype threat on student-athlete math performance

Abstract Objectives To assess whether a subtle stereotype threat of student-athletes would cause a decrease in both academic effort and performance. Design A 2 (Male/Female) x 2 (Athlete Prime/No Athlete Prime) design was used to assess effort and performance on a math test. Method A subtle threat manipulation was used to prime half of 60 NCAA Division III student-athletes with their athletic identity prior to taking a difficult math test. Results Supporting the hypotheses, student-athletes who were primed with their athletic identity attempted significantly fewer problems and received lower mean math scores than those who were not primed. Contrary to hypotheses, gender did not impact effort or performance, and there was no evidence of buffering effects of priming non-athlete identities. Conclusions The results of this experiment provide evidence for stereotype threat effects across genders and into Division III athletes, which potentially impact student-athlete academic performance.
The Complexity of Family Reactions to Identity among Homeless and College Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Young Adults

Familial responses to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) young people's identities range on a spectrum from rejection to acceptance and these reactions strongly impact family relationships and young adult well-being. Less is known, however, about how family members' reactions may differ based on young people's contexts of socioeconomic status. Through a qualitative, life course analysis of in-depth interview data from 46 LGBTQ college students and LGBTQ homeless young adults, our study highlights the diverse, contextual nuances of young people's "linked lives" within their families. We find that the context of socioeconomic status influenced how a young person managed family rejection. Conversely, processes of familial acceptance were also connected to life course transitions that worked in some cases to enhance LGBTQ young adults' family relationships. Finally, the intricacy of familial reactions to a young person's LGBTQ identity transcended socioeconomic contexts as many respondents shared similar experiences of rejection and acceptance. These findings have implications for understanding how young people manage family relationships across different contexts of socioeconomic status and how these experiences can shape their life course trajectories. Results from this study can inform LGBTQ youth service providers by tailoring intervention programs that account for contextual social diversity.
Preparing an Online Java Parallel Computing Course

While multi-core platforms are now ubiquitous in all areas of information technology, from enterprise software engineering to mobile app development, parallel computing education is still lagging behind the demand for skilled parallel programmers. At many universities today, parallel and concurrent computing is still not part of the core curriculum because of resistance to major curriculum changes. Many other universities lack the necessary educators or infrastructure to teach a comprehensive parallel computing course. Furthermore, even addressing these issues would do nothing towards supporting software professionals who have already entered the work force and have no plans to return to school. To address this broad need for a standalone, publically available, comprehensive, and easily accessible course on parallel computing, we have developed an online offering packaged as a Coursera Specialization on Parallel, Concurrent, and Distributing Computing in Java. In this paper, we describe the preparations for this online course and the unique challenges we encountered in terms of both curriculum development and technical infrastructure. We describe how lessons learned from an on-campus parallelism course at Rice University helped to shape the Coursera specialization, and summarize our experience with implementing this specialization on the Coursera platform at scale.
The Challenges of Becoming a White Ally

The four articles in this Major Contribution represent a major step toward defining, identifying, discussing, and analyzing the many internal and external challenges faced by White individuals on t...
South–South trade and collective labour laws: do developing countries race to the top when they trade with the South?

Scholars have long debated whether trade leads to a ‘race to the bottom’ or to a ‘race to the top’ in the labour standards of developing countries. Recent literature has offered encouraging findings consistent with the latter theory: stringent labour laws diffuse from importing countries to their export partners in the developing world. This finding has advanced our understanding of trade and labour rights, but more fine-grained analysis can further clarify what sorts of bilateral trade partnerships generate diffusion. In particular, South–South trade appears not to be characterised by the competitive pressures and foreign policy norms that produce labour rights diffusion. As such, this study compares the diffusion effects of South–South trade to those of other types of trade, using data covering 104 developing countries from 1986 to 2011. Results demonstrate that South–South trade is not accompanied by diffusion of labour laws, in contrast to other types of trade. This finding has important implications: whereas empirical results in earlier work suggest that developing countries will experience labour rights betterment if they export intensively to partners with stringent labour standards, my findings clarify that this will not occur if those partners are countries of the Global South.
The Political Economy of the Textile Industry and Its Labor

The political economy of textile labor in colonial Bombay cannot be fully understood without accounting for the structural negligence of workers’ health and physical well-being, which were crucial to the global dynamics of the textile markets and the competitive practices of cotton manufacturers. This chapter delineates how from the inception of the industry, the labor force encountered carbonic emissions, close contact with cotton particles, and an excruciating working schedule without recess or regular holidays. Inadequate housing and dismal sanitary management in the chawls posed serious threats to workers’ health. However, both the colonial state and Indian millowners evaded responsibility for workers’ health and well-being. Because Indian millowners dominated the commercial and political life of Bombay, they could thwart regulations regarding workers’ welfare. Contemporary nationalist thought, which defended a nascent Indian enterprise against unfair foreign competition, ignored the indifference of Indian millowners.
Robust and efficient pharmacokinetic parameter non-linear least squares estimation for dynamic contrast enhanced MRI of the prostate.

Abstract Purpose To describe an efficient numerical optimization technique using non-linear least squares to estimate perfusion parameters for the Tofts and extended Tofts models from dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI data and apply the technique to prostate cancer. Methods Parameters were estimated by fitting the two Tofts-based perfusion models to the acquired data via non-linear least squares. We apply Variable Projection (VP) to convert the fitting problem from a multi-dimensional to a one-dimensional line search to improve computational efficiency and robustness. Using simulation and DCE-MRI studies in twenty patients with suspected prostate cancer, the VP-based solver was compared against the traditional Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) strategy for accuracy, noise amplification, robustness to converge, and computation time. Results The simulation demonstrated that VP and LM were both accurate in that the medians closely matched assumed values across typical signal to noise ratio (SNR) levels for both Tofts models. VP and LM showed similar noise sensitivity. Studies using the patient data showed that the VP method reliably converged and matched results from LM with approximate 3 × and 2 × reductions in computation time for the standard (two-parameter) and extended (three-parameter) Tofts models. While LM failed to converge in 14% of the patient data, VP converged in the ideal 100%. Conclusion The VP-based method for non-linear least squares estimation of perfusion parameters for prostate MRI is equivalent in accuracy and robustness to noise, while being more reliably (100%) convergent and computationally about 3 × (TM) and 2 × (ETM) faster than the LM-based method.
“A Good Martha?” Female Leadership and Domestic Life in Radical Pietistic Communities

Radical pietistic and renewal movements gave rise to a diverse number of communities throughout northern Europe starting in the late seventeenth century. Many groups practiced a conventicle-style piety, in which they held religious services in private settings such as houses. A distinctive feature of these semi-sequestered communities was the extent to which women took on active roles, sometimes to the point of leading and directing their fellow believers. Focusing on the Netherlandish mystic Antoinette Bourignon and the English Philadelphian Jane Lead, this article examines how these women adapted their religious, social, and domestic activity to meet the functions and demands of community leadership. It argues that Bourignon and Lead redefined and troubled the boundaries between their religious and domestic lives as they sought to practice an individual piety while also transforming private houses into sites of active communal religious life.