cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Platelet Count and Cardiotomy Suction Return

A simple, inexpensive, accurate method of measuring the amount of blood returned by the cardiotomy suction system was devised and calibrated. Preoperative and postoperative platelet counts were obtained in 76 patients with congenital heart disease in whom the amount of cardiotomy suction return was measured. The mean percentage of total perfusate returned by the cardiotomy suction system was 8.9%. Both postoperative platelet count and the percentage change between preoperative and postoperative platelet counts correlated with the amount of blood returned by the cardiotomy suction system, time on bypass, and the percentage of total perfusate aspirated by the system.
DFB Fiber Laser Magnetic Field Sensor Based on the Lorentz Force

A high sensitivity DFB fiber laser based DC magnetic field sensor is presented. The laser is mounted on a current carrying conductor which vibrates due to the Lorentzian force generated by an external magnetic field.
"I hereby leave my email to...": Data Usage Control and the Digital Estate

In most data control scenarios there is the opportunity for oversight by those who, while perhaps not directly involved in the creation of the data, understand the intended usage of the data. We argue that due to the proliferation of online data and our aging population, data owners will increasingly face requests for data access and usage when such oversight is not present because the original data owner/creator is unavailable (e.g. because of death or incapacitation). We outline the technical and user experience challenges in supporting this data usage scenario, focusing on the online service setting, and highlight some emerging research problems.
MolefI Kete Asante: The Afrocentric Idea and the cultural turn in intercultural communication studies

Abstract Molefi Kete Asante is one of the most important scholars in the field of communication studies in the late twentieth century. His general interests range from intercultural communication, rhetoric, media and public communication to Africana studies. He has taught at several universities, led several organizations and is recognized as a leader within the communication discipline and in the broader national and global society; especially within Africa and the African diaspora. Asante is credited with the development and eventual emergence of what is referred to as the Afrocentric Idea, a theoretical perspective focusing on the agency of African peoples. Asante's groundbreaking work in the 1970s and 1980s would foreshadow and frame many of the debates of not only communication studies, but in the fields of education, sociology, literary, and cultural studies, as well as history from the 1990s and early twenty first century. The current article focuses on Asante's important contributions to intercultural communication in the areas of rhetoric, media and public communication, Africana Studies, and intercultural/interracial communication. Asante's emergence corresponded with the American multiracial struggle against domestic racism and segregation; and the international fight against imperialism and advanced stages of colonialism. Many of Asante's ideas reflect the spirit of the 1955 Bandung conference that helped launch intellectual and political opposition to oppression by people of color.
Topographic measurements of precision-ground optical glasses

We studied the surfaces of six precision-ground optical glass samples of fused silica, BK-7, BaCD16, LaC14, NbF1, and LHG8 glass, using a mechanical profiler, a photon tunneling microscope, and a scanning force microscope. The measured roughnesses of the scanning force microscope varied from 3.5 A rms for BK-7 glass to 30 A rms for LHG8 laser glass. Good agreement was obtained among the roughness values measured with all three instruments.
Novel gliosarcoma cell line expressing green fluorescent protein: A model for quantitative assessment of angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis is essential for tumor proliferation and metastasis. The extent of angiogenesis is measured by microvessel density (MVD) which has been identified as an independent prognostic factor for relapse-free survival in cancer patients. Existing methods of MVD assessment measure the microvessel count in the most active area of neovascularization ("hot spots") using antibodies against vascular endothelial antigens. This may produce unreliable results because of tissue volume loss and misshapening during the fixation and dehydration procedures. We report here a genetically engineered 9L cell line constitutively expressing green fluorescent protein that can be visualized using fluorescence microscopy without additional histological staining. The model developed in this study allows for the performance of simple and easy MVD counting, assuming that nonfluorescent "black spots" visible by fluorescence microscopy within the borders of the tumor tissue represent blood vessels. This assumption was confirmed by a comparative study utilizing conventional histological methods, anti-CD31 immunohistology, and Hoechst 33258 dye exclusion. This model is also useful for delineation of the true borders between tumor and normal brain tissue, including microscopic tumor extensions, without multiple histological staining. The suggested model allows quantification of tumor angiogenesis in tissue specimens, thus providing independent prognostic information about tumor growth and regression. It is expected to be most valuable in evaluating the efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy.
Reconceptualizing Social Movement Abeyance: The Role of Internal Processes and Culture in Cycles of Movement Abeyance and Resurgence

Abstract Questions of social movement emergence and decline have long been of interest to social movement analysts, but discussions related to social movement endurance are relatively new to the field. In this work, we explicitly adapt Verta Taylor's concept of abeyance to a local grassroots social movement organization (SMO), Solutions to Issues of Concern to Knoxvillians (SICK), that has endured for 18 years and achieved success in multiple campaign issues. Arguing that an unfavorable external political climate is not the only reason for an SMO to decline in mass membership and mass-based challenges, we use the concept of abeyance to explain the SMO's continuity as a product of internal SMO processes and organizational culture. Our findings indicate that the grassroots organization emerged, won considerable victories, and then continued to survive rather than disbanding. The SMO subsequently underwent two cycles of abeyance-and-resurgence, which we assess using Taylor's set of five characteristics of mo...
The Transition from Traditional Teaching to Web-Assisted Technology

Abstract This research note presents a conceptual model for understanding how students embrace technology, briefly presents results of a pilot study supporting this conceptualization, and makes suggestions for web-assisted teaching and research. The conceptual framework helps the reader understand how instructors' “Marketing strategies” may need to change over the course of the semester to generate maximum acceptance of, and satisfaction with, high-tech classrooms. The conceptual framework is illustrated with data collected during a pilot study involving two web-assisted graduate foundation research courses at the Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville. Students enrolled for two web-assisted research courses without knowing that web-assisted technology would be used in the course. The students' attitudes towards computers, their ability to access computers, as well as their skill levels in using computers were assessed. Suggestions and challenges for web-assisted teaching and research are pr...
Effect of clustering interactions on the steady-state interface width during epitaxial growth.

The steady-state interface width or roughness during growth by molecular-beam epitaxy is treated theoretically, and results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations. Short-range cohesive interactions that stabilize small clusters are included. This extends previous work by the author, which considered only noninteracting adatoms. The qualitative features of that work remain: The mean-square width {sigma}{sup 2} appears to saturate even in the limit of infinite interaction strength and {sigma}{sup 2} increases logarithmically with the size of the lateral region over which observations are made. Both the near-neighbor width {sigma}{sub 1}{sup 2} and the relative importance of the logarithmic dependence are greatly enhanced by interactions. The step density is also calculated. Agreement between theory and simulation data is good for the step density and relative size of the logarithmic dependence, but the theory underestimates {sigma}{sub 1}{sup 2} by about a factor of 2 in the limit of strong interactions and relatively large deposition rates. As an aid to making contact with experimental results and other simulations, curves are shown for the temperature dependence with typical values of deposition rate and activation energies.
A NOTE ON A VARIATIONAL PROBLEM IN BIOLOGY AND SOCIOLOGY.

The author's suggestion that the behavior of an individual or of a society may be described not by maximizing the satisfaction function but by maximizing the integral of it over a period of time (Rashevsky,Mathematical Biology of Social Behavior, rev. ed., p. 233, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press) has been considered applicable to other biological functions in a recent paper by R. Rosen (Bull. Math. Biophysics,24, 279–290, 1962). It is pointed out that the possibility of introducing such variational principles into biology or sociology requires that the corresponding functions depend explicitly and in a nonlinear manner on the rate of change of some of the variables. An example of a satisfaction function is given that describes the behavior of an individual who derives more satisfaction from the process of approaching a goal than from the actual goal itself.
Intermolecular Multiple Quantum MR Thermography

An accurate method for noninvasive temperature monitoring in vivo would be invaluable for hyperthermic cancer treatments [1]. These therapies selectively heat tumors with RF or microwave radiation, thereby bringing about enhanced drug delivery (up to 30-fold), inhibited cell repair, and even cell death [2]. Unfortunately, this promising treatment has been stymied by the inadequacy of current methods to map temperature in vivo. Conventional magnetic resonance (MR) temperature maps are easily distorted, and provide only a relative measurement of the temperature. Instead we propose a physically different method based on the detection of water-fat iZQCs (intermolecular Zero Quantum Coherences) which produce an absolute temperature map and are insensitive to other distorting factors [3]. Novel but simple modifications to the pulse sequence allow us to isolate the relevant signal, and early applications demonstrate an order of magnitude improvement of temperature accuracy, both in vitro and in vivo.© 2007 ASME
Living life for others and/or oneself: The social development of life orientations.

Abstract A range of social science research suggests Americans are becoming more self-oriented over time, and that this focus comes at a cost to general concern with community. Examining data from a large-scale national study of college students, we explore this influential hypothesis on two fronts. First, we empirically investigate whether people who are especially concerned with personal achievement are necessarily less concerned about contributing to their community. Contrary to most iterations of the individualism thesis, we find that significant numbers of individuals are concerned with both personal success and political/social involvement. To explore further, we expand this supposed single dimension into a fourfold typology, showing that many people are ‘idealists’ (concerned with both self and others) and ‘apathists’ (relatively unconcerned with either). After broadening the taken-for-granted egoist/altruist continuum, we explore antecedent social structural, aspirational, and social psychological factors that predict membership in these value preference groups. The findings from our preliminary model suggest that these broad orientations are shaped by a complex array of factors across multiple domains.
Preparation of anhydrous lanthanide halides, especially iodides☆

Abstract A general method is described which can be used to synthesize nearly all the lanthanide halides in high purity and good yield. It involves heating in vacuo, a molecularly dispersed mixture of hydrated lanthanide halide with the proper ammonium halide until the water and ammonium halide are expelled to leave pure, anhydrous lanthanide halide. All tri-halides except the iodides of samarium and europium are obtained. These are obtained as di-halides. Optimum condition for synthesis are discussed. The procedure is the only one which has been reported for preparing pure anhydrous iodides with relatively simple apparatus and technique.
Dynamically reconfigurable neuron architecture for the implementation of self- organizing learning array

Summary form only given. We describe a new dynamically reconfigurable neuron hardware architecture based on the modified Xilinx Picoblaze microcontroller and self-organizing learning array (SOLAR) algorithm reported earlier. This architecture is aiming at using hundreds of traditional reconfigurable field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to build the SOLAR learning machine. SOLAR has many advantages over traditional neural network hardware implementation. Neurons are optimized for area and speed, and the whole system is dynamically self-reconfigurable during the runtime. The system architecture is expandable to a large multiple-chip system.
Free oscillations of a spherical anelastic earth

SUMMARY We shbw how to calculate exact complex eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions and exact single mode synthetic seismograms for a spherical anelastic earth model. The real frequencies of oscillation of some spheroidal modes differ by 1 to 2 pHz from the corresponding spherical elastic earth eigenfrequencies. The decay rates are generally well approximated by conventional first-order perturbation theory. The complex radial eigenfunctions of the most strongly affected modes differ substantially from the corresponding real elastic eigenfunctions, and this can lead to significant perturbations in the initial phase and amplitude of the associated free oscillations following an earthquake. Most, but not all, of the strongly affected modes have large displacements in the inner core. Long-period synthetic seismograms on a spherical, non-rotating, elastic, isotropic (SNREI) earth are commonly calculated by summing the spheroidal and toroidal free oscillations. Anelasticity is generally accounted for by letting each mode decay at a rate determined by first-order perturbation theory; perturbations to the elastic radial eigenfunctions are ignored (Gilbert 1970). This intuitively appealing approach neglects the possibility of mode coupling due to anelasticity. In this paper we show how to calculate the exact complex eigenfrequencies and eigenfunctions of a spherical, non-rotating, anelastic, isotropic (SNRAI) earth model, and how to calculate exact synthetic seismograms on such an earth model. We adopt a coupled mode approach in which every SNRAI radial eigenfunction is expressed as a complex linear combination of the SNREI radial eigenfunctions; anelasticity and physical dispersion are fully accounted for. Unperturbed SNREI modes that are closely spaced in frequency and whose radial eigenfunctions are similar may be strongly coupled by spherical anelasticity; this coupling causes small shifts in the real parts of the complex SNRAI eigenfrequencies relative to the unperturbed SNREI eigenfrequencies. The complex SNRAI eigenfunctions of strongly coupled modes can differ substantially from the corresponding real SNREI eigenfunctions, and this can lead to significant perturbations in the initial phase and amplitude of the associated free oscillations following an earthquake. To gain insight into the phenomenon of anelastic mode coupling, we first consider the elementary classical mechanics problem shown in Fig. 1. The system consists of two linear springs each with an attached mass m; the first spring has stiffness k and the second spring has stiffness k + Sk, where Sk > 0. In the absence of friction the two masses oscillate independently with angular frequencies w = (k/m)'" and w + 60 = [(k + Sk)/m]'n. Let ul(t) and u2(t) denote the displacements of the two masses and let a dot denote differentiation with respect to time. Suppose that the first oscillator is impulsively excited at time t = 0, so that the initial conditions are U,(O) ='O, U2(O) = 0, li'(0) = 1, liZ(0) = 0.
Early Central Atlantic Ocean seafloor spreading history

Twenty-three Mesozoic “Chrons” (specific time intervals) from M0 to M40, including several in the Jurassic Magnetic Quiet Zone (“Jurassic Quiet Zone”), as well as Cenozoic Chron C34, are identified and mapped between the Atlantis and Fifteen-Twenty fracture zones on the North American plate, and between the Atlantis and Kane fracture zones on the African plate. Asymmetric seafloor spreading is indicated by the distances spanned over Chron intervals for the western and eastern flanks of the Central Atlantic ocean basin: C34 to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (84 Ma to 0 Ma), M0 to C34 (120.6 Ma to 84 Ma), and M25 to M0 (154 Ma to 120.6 Ma). Chron M40 (167.5 Ma) is mapped ∼65 km outboard of the S1 magnetic anomaly over the African flank, and its conjugate, the Blake Spur Magnetic Anomaly (“Blake Spur Anomaly”) over the North American flank. Another pair of conjugate anomalies, the S3 magnetic anomaly over the African flank, and the East Coast Magnetic Anomaly (“East Coast Anomaly”) over the North American flank, are respectively located ∼30 km and 180 km inboard of the S1-Blake Spur Magnetic Anomaly pair. Therefore, the ridge jump to the east between “Blake Spur” and “East Coast” anomalies at ∼170 Ma theorized by [Vogt and others in 1971][1] is supported by this study. Between the Atlantis and Kane fracture zones, the width of the African Jurassic Magnetic Quiet Zone is ∼70 km greater (22%) than the North American Jurassic Magnetic Quiet Zone. Correlatable anomalies exist over the African plate, suggesting a second ridge jump, to the west. Modeling results indicate that this jump occurred between 164 Ma and 159 Ma (Chrons M38 and M32). The ridge jumps can be related to plate interactions as North America separated from Gondwana. However, we note that the second ridge jump occurred approximately at the time suggested for the onset of seafloor spreading in the Gulf of Mexico. [1]: #ref-40
The potential of endogenous neurogenesis for brain repair and regeneration following traumatic brain injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and disability of persons under 45 years old in the United States, affecting over 1.5 million individuals each year. It had been thought that recovery from such injuries is severely limited due to the inability of the adult brain to replace damaged neurons. However, recent studies indicate that the mature mammalian central nervous system (CNS) has the potential to replenish damaged neurons by proliferation and neuronal differentiation of adult neural stem/progenitor cells residing in the neurogenic regions in the brain. Furthermore, increasing evidence indicates that these endogenous stem/progenitor cells may play regenerative and reparative roles in response to CNS injuries or diseases. In support of this notion, heightened levels of cell proliferation and neurogenesis have been observed in response to brain trauma or insults suggesting that the brain has the inherent potential to restore populations of damaged or destroyed neurons. This review will discuss the potential functions of adult neurogenesis and recent development of strategies aiming at harnessing this neurogenic capacity in order to repopulate and repair the injured brain.
Intermediary variables and algorithm parameters for an electronic algorithm for intravenous insulin infusion.

Background:Algorithms for intravenous insulin infusion may assign the infusion rate (IR) by a two-step process. First, the previous insulin infusion rate (IRprevious) and the rate of change of bloo...
Why Military Technology Is Difficult to Restrain

Military technology is difficult to restrain for many reasons. Military forces and associated technology serve important functions in the foreign policy of states. Military technology is also pursued to enhance military capability and cost-effectiveness of military forces, to ensure that one's own forces outperform those of an adversary, to play symbolic roles, and to preserve or improve stability in the international system. In addition, new military technology and new systems are advocated by military services and military equipment manufacturers for organizational and economic as well as strategic reasons. To date, arms control agreements have not significantly restrained innovation in military technology, nor are they likely to do so in the future. This is a result of asymmetries between the forces of the United States and the Soviet Union and of the intrinsic difficulties of designing arms control agreements that restrain technological innovation m ways that are both meaningful and verifiable. Althou...
New nonhydrolytic route to synthesize crystalline BaTiO3 nanocrystals with surface capping ligands

A new nonhydrolytic route for the preparation of well-crystallized size-tunable barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanocrystals capped with surface ligands is reported. Our approach involves: (i) synthesizing a “pseudo” bimetallic precursor, and (ii) combining the as-synthesized bimetallic precursor with a mixture of oleylamine with different surface coordinating ligands at 320 °C for crystallization and crystal growth. Different alcohols in the precursor synthesis and different carboxylic acids were used to study the effect of size and morphological control over the nanocrystals. Nanocrystals of barium titanate with diameters of 6–10 nm (capped with decanoic acid), 3–5 nm (capped with oleic acid), 10–20 nm (a nanoparticle and nanorod mixture capped with oleyl alcohol), and 2–3 nm (capped with oleyl alcohol) were synthesized, and can be easily dispersed into nonpolar solvents such as hexane or toluene. Techniques including x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and high-resolution electron microscopy confirm the crystallinity and morphology of these as-synthesized nanocrystals.
Topography-driven variations in backscatter strength and depth observed over the Greenland Ice Sheet with InSAR

ERS radar observations of the Greenland Ice Sheet have yielded images characterized by small-scale (/spl sim/10 km) variations in backscatter. While these variations are associated with topography, they are not due to local incidence angle differences, since the undulations in topography are small enough (/spl sim/tens of meters in height) that changes in slope amount to less than a degree; moreover the variations are independent of look direction. These variations are then caused by differences in terrain scattering properties. To investigate this phenomenon further, the authors utilize all three products of interferometric processing: phase (for topography), power, and correlation. The correlation images also show these variations. They find that one side of the "hill" has greater backscatter but with less decorrelation due to volume scatter than the other side. Coupled with prevailing wind data, this corresponds to the leeward and windward side, respectively. Through simple modeling of the observed changes in power and correlation, they derive estimates of variations in grain size and accumulation rates, and find a /spl sim/40% drop in accumulation between the windward and leeward sides.
Rates of Sediment Supply to Arroyos from Upland Erosion Determined Using in Situ Produced Cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al

Using 10Be and 26Al measured in sediment and bedrock, we quantify rates of upland erosion and sediment supply to a small basin in northwestern New Mexico. This and many other similar basins in the southwestern United States have been affected by cycles of arroyo incision and backfilling several times in the past few millennia. The sediment generation (275 ± 65 g m−2 yr−1) and bedrock equivalent lowering rates (102 ± 24 m myr−1) we determine are sufficient to support at least three arroyo cycles in the past 3,000 years, consistent with rates calculated from a physical sediment budget within the basin and regional rates determined using other techniques. Nuclide concentrations measured in different sediment sources and reservoirs suggest that the arroyo is a good spatial and temporal integrator of sediment and associated nuclide concentrations from throughout the basin, that the basin is in steady-state, and that nuclide concentration is independent of sediment grain size. Differences between nuclide concentrations measured in sediment sources and reservoirs reflect sediment residence times and indicate that subcolluvial bedrock weathering on hillslopes supplies more sediment to the basin than erosion of exposed bedrock.
Geographic variation in the frequency of scarring and tail stubs in eastern gartersnakes (Thamnophis s. sirtalis) from Michigan, USA

Tail loss, urotomy, in reptiles and amphibians has been the emphasis of many ecological and evolutionary studies, especially in lizards and salamanders; however, less is known about this phenomenon in snakes. In addition, while hypotheses for variation in tail loss across natural populations exist, none have been strongly supported. We conducted much needed research on tail loss in snakes and attempted to elucidate any relationship between variation in predator composition and frequency of wounds. 523 common gartersnakes, Thamnophis sirtalis, from 5 Michigan, USA field sites characterized by diverse predator compositions were examined for tail loss and other predator-inflicted wounds and historical records of predator composition for Michigan were updated. Our results indicate that frequency of wounds vary geographically, and that this variation may be due, in part, to differences in predator diversity. Our data also suggest that other environmental variables (e.g., predator inefficiency) that may influence the frequency of wounds in populations may be at work.
650-AA self-aligned-gate pseudomorphic Al/sub 0.48/In/sub 0.52/As/Ga/sub 0.2/In/sub 0.8/As high electron mobility transistors

The authors report on the design and fabrication of a 650-AA self-aligned-gate pseudomorphic Al/sub 0.48/In/sub 0.52/As/Ga/sub 0.2/In/sub 0.8/As high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with a state-of-the-art current gain cutoff frequency of over 300 GHz. This work clearly demonstrates the potential of sub-0.1- mu m gate-length HEMTs for near-future microwave and millimeter-wave applications. >
Patchiness and long-term change in early Eocene insect feeding damage

Many studies have examined temporal changes in insect feeding on angiosperm leaves, but none have considered variability within a single stratigraphic level. If spatial variability within a level is high, a single sample will not adequately represent the level and may either mask true temporal changes or create spurious ones. In order to measure the spatial variability in fossil insect feeding damage, I collected 12 replicate samples from two laterally extensive carbonaceous shale beds (55.2 and 52.6 Ma) from the early Eocene of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. Over 2800 fossil angiosperm leaves were scored for presence or absence of 50 insect damage morphotypes. Damage frequency, diversity, and composition were computed for both the bulk flora and individual plant species in each sample, and variation within a bed was compared with differences between the two beds. Differences in diversity and composition between beds were significantly greater than variations within a bed, and intra-bed variation was primarily due to differing floral composition. Damage frequency within a bed, however, was more variable than diversity. Damage diversity and composition reflect the number of insect species present, whereas damage frequency also depends on the number of insects present, which may be much more variable over small distances.
Uphill or Downhill? Locating the Firm on a Profit Function

When deciding about changes in levels of multiple marketing investments aimed at improving profits, managers need to know whether they are on the uphill side or the downhill side of the profit function with respect to each investment variable. Spending errors made by an uphill-located firm that believes that it is a downhill-located firm can have serious consequences. This article offers an econometric “diagnostic tool” to infer a company’s current location on a multivariable profit function and to determine the changes in investments that will take the company to the neighborhood of the maximum profit. The authors apply the proposed approach to daily newspaper industry data and investigate the optimality of companies’ allocation behaviors with respect to three marketing efforts: investments in quality, distribution, and advertising space sales effort. A novel feature of this problem setting is that it involves a “dual-revenue” market with possibly interrelated demands for subscriptions and advertising space. The authors derive normative rules for marketing investments in four dual-revenue market types. The empirical analysis finds that daily newspapers’ dual revenues are positively interrelated and that a majority of these companies are located near the optimal level of spending for quality, a surprising finding considering that previous studies have characterized marketing managers as overspenders. Indeed, when these companies are suboptimal, they are much more likely to be underspending (i.e., they are located on the uphill side of the profit function) than overspending. In addition, the research furnishes estimates of sales elasticities with respect to quality, personal selling, and distribution investments, which are sparsely available in the extant literature.
Impact of recent North Atlantic Anomalies on surrounding land areas based on dendroclimatic evidence

Tree rings are useful indicators of interannual to decadal-scale climate variability. In this paper we show that tree-ring data from the northwestern Atlantic sector may reflect the great negative salinity (GSA) and related positive sea ice anomalies of the 1960's–70's. Along with cold surface air temperatures at coastal land stations, there were declines in ring widths in the 1970's in temperature-sensitive birch trees in southern Greenland, white spruce in Labrador, and white spruce and white pine from Newfoundland. Tree-ring and other data from both sides of the North Atlantic also indicate a decadal-scale warm event, with subsequent cooling, around the 1820's–1830's.
Modern Science and Conservative Islam: An Uneasy Relationship

Familiar Western debates about religion, science, and science education have parallels in the Islamic world. There are difficulties reconciling conservative, traditional versions of Islam with modern science, particularly theories such as evolution. As a result, many conservative Muslim thinkers are drawn toward creationism, hopes of Islamizing science, or other ways to retain the primacy of faith while continuing efforts to catch up with modern technology. Muslims argue that science and Islam coexist in harmony, but both intellectually and institutionally, the Islamic world harbors many tensions between science and religion.
Reliability of an m-out of-n system when component failure induces higher failure rates in survivors

An m-out-of-n:G system is composed of statistically independent and identically distributed components with exponential lifetimes. The reliability of such a system is obtained under the assumption that the failure of a component changes the failure rate of the surviving components. >
The Things We Do with Words: Ilongot Speech Acts and Speech Act Theory in Philosophy.

I begin by introducing the Ilongots and some of their attitudes toward speech. Whereas most modem theorists think of language as a tool designed primarily to “express” or to “refer,” Ilongots think of language first in terms of action. They see commands as the exemplary act of speech, displaying less concern for the subjective meanings that an utterance conveys than for the social contexts in which utterances are heard. An ethnographic sketch thus outlines how Ilongots think of words and how their thought relates to aspects of their practice – providing an external foil for theorists found closer to home. Speech Act Theory is discussed and questioned first on internal grounds, as an approach that recognizes but slights important situational and cultural constraints on forms of language use. A consideration of the application of Searle's taxonomy of acts of speech to Ilongot categories of language use then leads to a clarification of the individualistic and relatively asocial biases of his essentially intra-cultural account. Last, I return to Ilongot directives. A partial analysis of Ilongot acts of speech provides the basis for a statement of the ways in which indigenous categodes are related to the forms that actions take, as both of these, in turn, reflect the sociocultural ordering of local worlds. (Speech acts, philosophy and ethnography, ethnography of speaking, Ilongot [Philippines].)
A simulation model for the analysis of a cluster-based multiprocessor system

A cluster-based multiprocessor system that was introduced and analyzed by D. Agrawal and I. Mahgoub (1985, 1987) is considered. The analysis was based on an approximate analytical model, and the results were compared with those obtained for the crossbar and multiple-bus systems using the same model. A simulation model that relaxes two unrealistic assumptions of the approximate analytical model used by Agrawal and Mahgoub is developed here. The results obtained from the simulation model are compared with those obtained from the approximate analytical model for the cluster-based, crossbar, and multiple-bus systems. The simulation results confirm the conclusions arrived at in the previous studies.
Basic Science, RDoC, and Schizophrenia Bulletin

Since assuming operation of Schizophrenia Bulletin in 2005, the current editorial office has endeavored to increase the journal’s presence in publishing basic neuroscience research relating to schizophrenia. In the 5year period preceding the journal’s transition from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to a consortium operated jointly by the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center and Oxford University Press, the Bulletin published just 4 articles using rodent models. In the following 5-year period, that number increased to 31, a 7-fold increase in manuscripts featuring preclinical content. As of this writing, these articles have been cited nearly 1200 times, testament to the fact that Schizophrenia Bulletin is contributing to the body of basic research informing the discussion relating to the causes and treatment of schizophrenia.
Learning-based approach to real time tracking and analysis of faces

This paper describes a trainable system capable of tracking faces and facial features like eyes and nostrils and estimating basic mouth features such as degrees of openness and smile in real time. In developing this system, we have addressed the twin issues of image representation and algorithms for learning. We have used the invariance properties of image representations based on Haar wavelets to robustly capture various facial features. Similarly, unlike previous approaches this system is entirely trained using examples and does not rely on a priori (hand-crafted) models of facial features based on an optical flow or facial musculature. The system works in several stages that begin with face detection, followed by localization of facial features and estimation of mouth parameters. Each of these stages is formulated as a problem in supervised learning from examples. We apply the new and robust technique of support vector machines (SVM) for classification in the stage of skin segmentation, face detection and eye detection. Estimation of mouth parameters is modeled as a regression from a sparse subset of coefficients (basis functions) of an overcomplete dictionary of Haar wavelets.
The UWB indoor channel: large and small scale modeling

In this paper we examine large and small scale channel modeling for ultra-wideband signals. Specifically, we examine the impact of UWB signals on traditional channel modeling techniques. This examination is based on measurements taken in an indoor office environment as part of the DARPA NETEX Program. Our findings suggest that while traditional channel modeling approaches are appropriate, care must be taken in both applying the results and interpreting them. In particular, the wide bandwidths do not invalidate the traditional exponential decay versus distance approach to path loss, although it is important to separate antenna effects from path effects. Additionally, the traditional small scale approach which uses the time-invariant linear filter to represent the channel impulse response can still be applied to UWB signals. However, one must use the model with caution as "paths" from the model may no longer represent physical transmission paths but rather may simply represent frequency distortion of individual pulses. We also examine the path loss exponents obtained from measurements and compare them to previous measurement campaigns. Finally, small scale statistics such as delay spread and the energy per "path" are also examined and compared to previous results
Particle trajectories in a rotating cylinder: implications for aggregation incubations

Abstract Rotating cylinders offer the possibility of being simple and fast systems to aggregate particles in seawater samples. An analysis of the flow and resulting particle trajectories for such systems under laminar conditions suggests that their dynamics are too complicated for them to be useful for quantitative studies. Among the potential problems are the substantial fluid shear associated with spin up and interactions of particles with container walls.
Midlife Career Transitions for Women

The definition of “midlife” is highly flexible. Various sources define it as beginning anywhere between 35 and 45 years of age, and ending somewhere between 55 and 64 (Madsen, 2011).
Prosocial behavior mitigates the negative effects of stress in everyday life

Recent theories of stress reactivity posit that, when stressed, individuals tend to seek out opportunities to affiliate with and nurture others in order to prevent or mitigate the negative effects of stress. However, few studies have tested empirically the role of prosocial behavior in reducing negative emotional responses to stress. The current analyses used daily diary data to investigate whether engaging in prosocial behavior buffered the negative effects of naturally-occurring stressors on emotional well-being. Results showed that on a given day, prosocial behavior moderated the effects of stress on positive affect, negative affect, and overall mental health. Findings suggest that affiliative behavior may be an important component of coping with stress, and indicate that engaging in prosocial behavior might be an effective strategy for reducing the impact of stress on emotional functioning.
Anger-Control Training for Abusive Parents

Earlier, when a social-learning conceptualization of child abuse was first described, we noted that parent anger is often an immediate antecedent to a child-abusive act. With the unusual exception of parents who calmly, intentionally seek to injure their children, or those who exhibit violent behavior so frequently that it becomes an acceptable and unemotional response, most abusive parents inflict injuries at times when they are angry (Statistical Report on Child Abuse and Neglect in Hawaii, 1975). Impulsive anger has been a personality characteristic widely observed in clinical reports of abusive parents (Green, 1976; Kempe, 1973; Kempe et al., 1962; Steele & Pollock, 1968). More recently, controlled studies have demonstrated that abusive parents exhibit atypical, heightened physiological arousal and self-reported anger when presented with realistic cues of aversive child behavior (Disbrow et al., 1977; Frodi & Lamb, 1980; Wolfe et al.,in press). Taken together, all of these findings suggest that anger arousal accompanies many instances of child abuse and, therefore, that the likelihood of violent behavior in such families should be reduced if the parent develops appropriate means to handle anger more effectively. This is particularly true if the parent’s current highprobability response when angry is physical aggression directed toward the child.
Walling, D. R.: Designing Learning for Tablet Classrooms: Innovations in Instruction

Donovan R. Walling has had a long career in the classroom and as a writer of practical guides for school policy reform and public education. His background includes past Director of Publications for Phi Delta Kappa International and Curriculum Administrator in public school districts in Wisconsin and Indiana. His practical knowledge of what it means to be a classroom teacher is based on his lengthy career as an educator in Wisconsin and for the US Department of Defense in Germany. Walling’s list of publications includes being the author or editor of 16 books and the AECT quarterly newsletter, iTECHDIGEST. He continues to be a keynote speaker and presenter at international, national, regional, and state education conferences in the United States, Canada, and Germany.
Abstract LB-30: A functional analysis of the nuclear RhoGEF Ect2 in ovarian cancer

Ect2 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and activator of Rho family small GTPases. Ect2 regulates RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42, thereby playing an important role in the control of cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Originally identified as an oncogene in vitro, the role of Ect2 in regulating migration makes it of particular interest in ovarian cancer, in which local invasion and ascites are prevalent. Notably, ECT2 is located on 3q26.1-3q26.2, the most frequent amplicon in ovarian cancer, and it has been found to be overexpressed at the mRNA level in ovarian tumors. We first explored the role of Ect2 in ovarian cancer by knocking it down using shRNA and assessing anchorage-independent growth and both random and directed migration in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines. Our findings reveal that Ect2 expression is required for each of these functions. Interestingly, we found that Ect2 utilization of specific Rho GTPase substrates is highly context-dependent. In addition, to investigate the potential clinical importance of Ect2, we studied its expression and localization in primary epithelial ovarian cancers, using over 300 histological tumor and cyst samples incorporated into a tissue microarray (TMA). Ect2 is unusual among the RhoGEFs because of its localization. A critical regulator of cytokinesis, it is sequestered to the nucleus in interphase cells. It has been hypothesized that the overexpression and mislocalization of Ect2 into the cytoplasm leads to aberrant Rho activation and oncogenesis. Unexpectedly, our recently completed TMA data analysis suggests that malignant serous ovarian cancer is instead associated with nuclear Ect2, while benign disease is associated with mislocalized, cytosolic Ect2. We are currently exploring a possible nuclear mechanism to explain these findings. Although standard immunohistochemical analyses typically report only total protein levels, our new data reveal that unrestricted subcellular localization of Ect2 is likely to be more important than total protein levels for ovarian pathology. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-30. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-30
HEYDE SYNDROME: AN OFTEN MISSED CAUSE OF BLEEDING IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY

Heyde syndrome is an acquired von Willebrand syndrome (VWS), related to bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasia, in patients with aortic stenosis and obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM). The etiology is secondary to destruction of circulating von Willebrand factor multimers by sheer
RATES OF EVOLUTIONARY CHANGE IN CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN SNAILS AND VERTEBRATES

Mollusks and most non-mammalian vertebrates have been characterized as evolving an order of magnitude more slowly in morphology and karyotype compared with most groups of placental mammals. New calculations of the previously used measures of chromosomal rates of evolution for different groups of gastropods, using a larger and taxonomically broader sample, indicate that these rates had been previously underestimated, although they are still lower than those of the most rapidly evolving placental groups. When genera of approximately the same geological age are compared, little difference (less than an order of magnitude) in fossil-based measures of average rate of karyotypic evolution are found among placental mammals, frogs, lizards, and snails. Variation in rates within major groups obtained from the limited available data does not allow clear generalizations on among-group differences in chromosomal rates of evolution.
Surgical outcomes for moyamoya angiopathy at barrow neurological institute with comparison of adult indirect encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis bypass, adult direct superficial temporal artery-to-middle cerebral artery bypass, and pediatric bypass: 154 revascularization surgeries in 140 affected hemispheres

Background Untreated, moyamoya angiopathy is a progressive vaso-occlusive process that can lead to ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Objective To review 1 institution's surgical experience with both direct and indirect bypass (encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis) in adult and pediatric groups. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of a consecutive series of patients treated for moyamoya angiopathy between 1995 and 2009. Results Thirty-nine adult patients underwent indirect bypass as their initial therapy; 29 adult patients underwent direct bypass. Twenty-four pediatric patients included 20 indirect bypasses and 4 direct bypasses. Overall, 140 hemispheres were treated; 48 patients received revascularization of both hemispheres. There were 14 additional revascularization procedures (10% per hemisphere) performed over a site of continued hypoperfusion postoperatively. Fourteen postoperative ischemic strokes occurred during the entire follow-up (10% per hemisphere), and the Kaplan-Meier analysis was not significantly different between groups (P = .59). Four grafts (9.09%) had failed at radiographic follow-up of the 44 direct bypasses performed. Before the initial surgery, the modified Rankin Scale score was 1.58 ± 0.93, 1.48 ± 0.74, and 1.8 ± 1.1 in the pediatric, adult direct, and adult indirect groups (P = .39). At last follow-up, it was 1.29 ± 1.31, 1.09 ± 0.90, and 1.94 ± 1.51 (P = .04) in the pediatric, adult direct, and adult indirect groups. Conclusion This series demonstrates that both direct and indirect bypasses can be equally effective in preventing stroke. However, in adult patients, direct bypass patients had significantly greater improvement in symptoms, as seen in modified Rankin Scale scores. Pediatric patients, despite undergoing predominantly indirect bypasses, fared roughly the same as the adults in the direct bypass group.