cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of Early Neurologic Deterioration on 90 Day Stroke Outcomes after Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke (P05.228)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the greatest contributor to outcome after thrombolysis: intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), early neurologic deterioration (END) or both. BACKGROUND: Recent definitions of symptomatic ICH after thrombolysis (e.g. ECASS 2) have included assessment of END, defined by worsening of ≥4 on the 24 hour NIHSS. However, the degree of END making the greatest impact on final outcome is undefined. DESIGN/METHODS: Using the NINDS TPA Trials, we examined subjects in the tPA group who had END without ICH vs. those with ICH, comparing them to subjects who had ICH and END, and ICH patients without END. Using a 16-variable prognostic ordinal logistic model derived from the placebo group, we compared the actual 90 day mRS for these groups to their model-predicted mRS had they not received TPA. RESULTS: Among the 624 subjects in the trials, 55 (17.6%) placebo and 43 (13.7%) tPA subjects developed END (p=0.38). The relationship was approximately linear between 90 day mRS and change in 24 hr NIHSS score in both the TPA and placebo groups, with Spearman correlation coefficients of -0.51 and -0.37 (r-square 0.24 and 0.15), respectively (p=0.031 difference). When comparing TPA subjects with END to those without END, the mean mRS was 4.86 vs. 2.37(p=0.001, Wilcoxon rank sum test) respectively. Of all subjects with END, the mean 90 day mRS was 5.83 with ICH and 4.48 (p=0.009) w/o ICH. When compared to the prognostic model, there was a larger difference between observed and predicted mean mRS between those with ICH who had END and those that did not (2.24 vs. 0.03, p=0.004) compared to subjects with END who had ICH and those without ICH (2.27 vs. 1.36, p=0.09). CONCLUSIONS: END has a significant impact on 90 day mRS. The relationship between END and 90 day outcome is nearly linear. ICH with END confers worse prognosis than END alone. Disclosure: Dr. Rao has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gornbein has nothing to disclose. Dr. Levine has received personal compensation in an editorical capacity for MEDLINK. Dr. Saver has received personal compensation for activities with The University of California, Regents as a scientific consultant to BrainsGate, CoAxia, ev3, Talecris, PhotoThera, and Sygnis. Dr. Saver has received research support from the University of California, Regents,
The Obsession with being Number One

As I travel around the world, increasingly I have found that assessment and evaluation systems are getting in the way of why one should pursue a career in the sciences. So many scientists and institutions are striving to be at the very top of their fields, but do not realize that being the best is often the enemy of doing better. For these scientists, good is never enough; there is always more to do. They must outscore and outperform all their peers. All this leads to nothing but a vicious academic rat race. It is too easy to forget that if you win the rat race, you are still a rat.
Economic Development is Interdisciplinary

The dominant theory of economic development espoused today, particularly by the World Bank, is a bandaged version of neoclassicism. The neoclassical economist takes a people’s preferences, endowments and technology as given datum and then seeks to allocate the given endowments optimally to suit the given preferences subject to the constraints of technology. (On several occasions hereafter, I will refer to those who hold to these views as the primary source of their policy proposals as the ‘necons’) It has often been remarked that the whole point of development economics is to change those given preferences and that old technology. The failure of the neoclassical view is visible in its inability to understand the phenomenon of East Asia, let alone predict the “East Asian Miracle” (or the subsequent financial crisis); it is suggested by the frequent references to “Technology” as the sustainer of growth, while economists find themselves unable to say anything useful on this fundamental issue.
Characterizing Autoimmune Disease-associated Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma in a SEER-Medicare Cohort.

Abstract Background Severe immune dysregulation such as seen in autoimmune (AI) disease is known to act as a significant risk factor for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, little is known about the demographics or clinical outcomes of DLBCL that arises in the setting of AI disease. Patients and Methods We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database for patients with a diagnosis from 1999 to 2009 linked to their Medicare claims data through 2011 to characterize the presentation, treatment, and survival patterns in DLBCL patients, including those with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren syndrome, and other B-cell–mediated AI diseases. We examined the baseline clinical characteristics for patients with B-cell–mediated AI disease, plotted the overall survival and lymphoma-related survival (LRS) for these groups, and compared the median survival times. Results Patients with DLBCL and AI disease were more commonly female. However, patients with DLBCL and rheumatoid arthritis, SLE, Sjogren syndrome, or other B-cell AI diseases did not differ from other DLBCL patients in any other baseline presenting features and received similar first-line treatment. A trend toward decreased LRS was seen in patients with SLE and DLBCL compared with all other groups, but this difference was not statistically significant in this cohort. Conclusion In the present retrospective claims-based cohort of older patients with DLBCL, concomitant AI disease was uncommon and was more likely to occur in female DLBCL patients, which likely reflects the greater incidence of AI disease in women. The possibility of lower LRS for SLE patients should be explored in future studies.
The potential to characterize ecological data with terrestrial laser scanning in Harvard Forest, MA

Contemporary terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is being used widely in forest ecology applications to examine ecosystem properties at increasing spatial and temporal scales. Harvard Forest (HF) in P...
Role of Sediments in Insecticide Runoff from Urban Surfaces: Analysis and Modeling.

Insecticides, such as pyrethroids, have frequently been detected in runoff from urban areas, and their offsite transport can cause aquatic toxicity in urban streams and estuaries. To better understand the wash-off process of pesticide residues in urban runoff, the association of pyrethroids with sediment in runoff from residential surfaces was investigated in two watersheds located in Northern California (Sacramento County). Rainfall, flow rate, and event mean concentrations/loads of sediments and pyrethroids, collected during seasonal monitoring campaigns from 2007 to 2014, were analyzed to identify relationships among stormwater quality and rainfall characteristics, primarily using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Pyrethroid wash-off was strongly related to sediment wash-off whenever sediment loads exceeded 10 mg; this value was conveniently selected as a threshold between dissolved and particle-bound control of off-site pyrethroid transport. A new mechanistic model for predicting pyrethroid wash-off profiles from residential surfaces at basin-scale was implemented in the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The accuracy of the model predictions was estimated by evaluating the root mean square error (RMSE), Nash–Sutcliff efficiency (NSE), and Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE) for each pyrethroid detected (RMSEtot = 0.13; NSEtot = 0.28; KGEtot = 0.56). The importance of particle-bound transport revealed in this work confirms previous field investigations at a smaller scale, and it should be a key consideration when developing policies to mitigate pesticide runoff from urban areas.
Prostate Cancer Bone Colonization: Osteomimicry in the Bone Niche

Maintenance of a healthy skeleton requires a stable relationship between osteoblast and osteoclast activity. When cancer cells spread to bone, they interact with the bone cells to express bone-like proteins and participate with bone cells in inducing osteoclasts and osteoblasts, thereby bringing about a metabolic imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This imbalance may favor osteosclerotic/osteoblastic processes, as in prostate cancer (PCa) or osteosarcoma, or activate osteolytic processes, as in breast cancer and myeloma. The ability of cancer cells to undergo phenotypic changes that allow them to form bone is termed “osteomimicry” and permits cancer cells to home, adhere, and migrate to bone, to invade bone space, and then to utilize the rich bone microenvironment to proliferate and survive because of the abundance of growth factors (GFs) and extracellular matrix molecules (ECMs) found in the bone niche (see Chapter 1).
A combination of curcumin and oligomeric proanthocyanidins offer superior anti-tumorigenic properties in colorectal cancer

Combining anti-cancer agents in cancer therapies is becoming increasingly popular due to improved efficacy, reduced toxicity and decreased emergence of resistance. Here, we test the hypothesis that dietary agents such as oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) and curcumin cooperatively modulate cancer-associated cellular mechanisms to inhibit carcinogenesis. By a series of in vitro assays in colorectal cancer cell lines, we showed that the anti-tumorigenic properties of the OPCs-curcumin combination were superior to the effects of individual compounds. By RNA-sequencing based gene-expression profiling in six colorectal cancer cell lines, we identified the cooperative modulation of key cancer-associated pathways such as DNA replication and cell cycle pathways. Moreover, several pathways, including protein export, glutathione metabolism and porphyrin metabolism were more effectively modulated by the combination of OPCs and curcumin. We validated genes belonging to these pathways, such as HSPA5, SEC61B, G6PD, HMOX1 and PDE3B to be cooperatively modulated by the OPCs-curcumin combination. We further confirmed that the OPCs-curcumin combination more potently suppresses colorectal carcinogenesis and modulated expression of genes identified by RNA-sequencing in mice xenografts and in colorectal cancer patient-derived organoids. Overall, by delineating the cooperative mechanisms of action of OPCs and curcumin, we make a case for the clinical co-administration of curcumin and OPCs as a treatment therapy for patients with colorectal cancer.
Endothelial Contributions to Zebrafish Heart Regeneration

Studies over the past two decades have shown heart regeneration in zebrafish to be a dynamic process, choreographed by multiple cell types. In particular, recent work has identified revascularization of the wound to be a sentinel event during heart regeneration. The cardiac endothelium has emerged as a key orchestrator of heart regeneration, influencing cardiomyocyte hyperplasia and tissue morphogenesis. Here, we review how the coronary vasculature regenerates after injury, how signaling pathways link the cardiac endothelium to heart regeneration, and how understanding these signaling dynamics can lead to targeted therapies for heart regeneration.
Interactive effects of family functioning and sleep experiences on daily lung functioning in pediatric asthma: An ecological momentary assessment approach

Objectives: Children living in urban, underserved settings are at risk for experiencing sleep difficulties as well as poor asthma outcomes. The family is important for both asthma management and ensuring children are getting the necessary amount of sleep, but how family functioning and sleep patterns influence children's asthma remains unclear. Methods: Fifty-nine children (7-12 years old; 90% African American) diagnosed with asthma, and their primary caregivers, participated in this study. In a single research session, caregivers rated overall family functioning via the Family Assessment Device. Caregivers also completed daily diaries delivered via smartphone for a two-week period rating their children's daily sleep quantity and quality; a home-based spirometer (AM2) was used to assess children's pulmonary functioning across that same period. Two-level multilevel models tested associations among overall family functioning, children's sleep quality/quantity, and pulmonary functioning. Results: Child sleep quality, quantity, and general family functioning did not predict child pulmonary functioning directly. Family functioning and sleep quality interacted to predict children's pulmonary functioning; children with poor family functioning and bad/very bad sleep quality had the poorest levels of lung functioning. Conclusions: These findings highlight a subset of children who are at higher risk for poor lung functioning based on sleep quality and family functioning. Results may inform routine monitoring of family functioning and sleep difficulties at pediatric asthma visits and intervention strategies to augment children's lung functioning.
Acoustic radiation force and torque on inhomogeneous scatterers in the Born approximation

If an object and the host fluid have similar material properties, and the dominant contribution to the acoustic radiation force is due to energy density gradients in the sound field, the Born approximation may be used to reduce calculation of the radiation force and torque on an object of arbitrary shape to an integral over the volume of the object. Previous comparisons with full solutions based on wave function expansions demonstrate that the approximation is accurate for homogeneous spheres and prolate spheroids in a standing plane wave for objects as large as the wavelength. The Born approximation may also be applied to inhomogeneous objects having spatial variations in compressibility and density. Simplified integral expressions are presented for axisymmetric particles in a standing plane wave that are small compared with the wavelength and possess inhomogeneity that varies along their axis of symmetry. The integrals yield analytical expressions for the force and torque on finite cylinders and prolate spheroids for inhomogeneity that varies linearly along their axis of symmetry. Also considered are the force and torque on a homogeneous red blood cell, which are compared with the corresponding results for a cylindrical disk and oblate spheroid having equivalent volume and aspect ratio.
Transoral Robotic Surgery for Obstructive Sleep Apnea

The review briefly explores the history of sleep surgery and the advent of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in the treatment of patients intolerant to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). TORS for obstructive sleep apnea demonstrates increased effectiveness compared to single-level surgery in the treatment of the CPAP-intolerant patient. However, recent studies on newer therapies (upper airway stimulation) have demonstrated improved efficacy and fewer complications. TORS of the airway to treat OSA is an effective means of lowering the sequela of untreated sleep apnea in patients intolerant to CPAP therapy; however, consideration for newer, less invasive technologies (upper airway stimulation) should be considered in patients who meet its indications.
Genetic variability of T cell responses in hypersensitivity pneumonitis identified using the BXD genetic reference panel.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease that may progress to fibrosis and significant risk of death. HP develops following repeated exposures to inhaled environmental anti...
Pediatric Urologic Ultrasound

Ultrasound maintains its position as the primary imaging study of the genitourinary tract in children despite technological advances in computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MR). Some of the attributes of ultrasound that help to maintain this position include its ease and rapidity to perform, noninvasive nature, reproducibility, and its avoidance of ionizing radiation and sedation/general anesthesia. These are all important, particularly in the small child whose behavior may preclude a second chance to properly image the abnormality. The commonplace performance of prenatal ultrasound leads to the need for postnatal sonographic confirmation of possible urologic pathology. The other commonly ordered studies, voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), diuretic renography, CT, and MR are ordered mainly based upon the results of the ultrasound.
Protease Digestions on PVDF Membranes for Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the protease digestions on polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes for matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry. Membranes can be scanned by laser desorption to locate protein. The chapter reviews the digestion of protein on the membrane and the determination of the molecular weights of digestion products. It describes experiments with proteins that have been separated by gel electrophoresis and electroblotted. Membrane absorption of protein depends strongly on the type of membrane, and the buffer used in the application of the protein to the membrane. Proteins absorbed on PVDF can be digested on the membrane, and the products found on the membrane, and characterized by laser desorption mass spectrometry. The numbered peaks correspond to expected tryptic products indicated by bracketed amino acid residue numbers. The complete sequence of lysozyme can be found in reference. Peptides for the whole sequence were not seen, but enough for positive identification from a database search were characterized.
3 – Molecular Epidemiology

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the progress made in the molecular epidemiology of rabies as practiced in a growing number of reference and public health laboratories worldwide. It discusses the fundamentals of the molecular epidemiology of rabies and how these assumptions have been used in—investigations of the human cases, as a means of enhanced surveillance of animal rabies, and to monitor the vaccine coverage. The methods of virus typing for rabies differ in the precision with which virus populations can be dissected. Some members of the Lyssavirus genus differ so significantly that serology and vaccine cross-protection tests alone are sufficient to differentiate between them. The distinctive reaction patterns between the viruses and the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) are used effectively to identify many of the terrestrial animal reservoirs for rabies. Genetic typing, especially the nucleotide sequence analysis, permits the most precise definition of the virus type and currently has the greatest utility in the epidemiologic investigations. The chapter concludes by discussing the typing of lyssavirus samples by both the antigenic and genetic methods.
Inside the Yellow Rectangle: An Analysis of Nonhuman Animal Representations on National Geographic Kids Magazine Covers

Nonhuman animals play significant roles in children’s lives. While research into children’s relationships with animals is thriving, an overlooked area is children’s vicarious experience of animals ...
Logarithmic and exponential transients in GNSS trajectory models as indicators of dominant processes in postseismic deformation

Models for postseismic transient displacements can be formulated using logarithmic and exponential decay formulas with single or multiple timescales. The logarithmic form is associated with rate and state friction theory and afterslip, while the exponential form is associated with bulk viscoelastic relaxation of coseismic stresses. It is now quite widely understood that one can model GPS/GNSS time series manifesting postseismic transient displacements almost equally well using trajectory models constructed using logarithmic or exponential transients. This is consistent with the consensus established by the late 1970s that it is difficult to use geodetic observations to distinguish between deep aseismic afterslip and more diffuse viscoelastic relaxation as the primary mechanism of postseismic deformation. In this paper, we assess the relative explanatory value of both logarithmic and exponential forms by focusing on GNSS time series measured with better than typical signal-to-noise ratios. We find that the double logarithmic transient typically provides much better fits than double exponential transient, when both models are given equal degrees of freedom. We also discuss the relative utility of the hybrid transient formulas in which the logarithmic component is assigned shorter decay timescale parameters than the exponential component. These models fit observed postseismic displacements almost as well as double logarithmic transients.
From Dynamics to Details: Live-Cell Light Microscopy and Highresolution (25 nm) Soft X-Ray Microscopy

Imaging cells using a variety of microscopy techniques has generated information about the organization of cells and subcellular structures that is the foundation for understanding cell function. Invaluable information about the dynamics of cells has been obtained from a variety of light microscopy techniques, and the exquisite structural details of cellular organization have been obtained from electron microscopy. Each of these approaches, however, has its limitations. The resolution provided by light microscopy is limited by the wavelength of light, whereas the specimen preparation required for examining cells using electron microscopy is extremely tedious and time consuming. We show that soft x-ray microscopy can bridge the gap between these two forms of microscopy by providing a method for examining whole, hydrated cells up to 10 um thick at 25 nm resolution. Examination of rapidly frozen cells provides information that closely approximates that seen in living cells.
DynamicRec: A Dynamic Convolutional Network for Next Item Recommendation

Recently convolutional networks have shown significant promise for modeling sequential user interactions for recommendations. Critically, such networks rely on fixed convolutional kernels to capture sequential behavior. In this paper, we argue that all the dynamics of the item-to-item transition in session-based settings may not be observable at training time. Hence we propose DynamicRec, which uses dynamic convolutions to compute the convolutional kernels on the fly based on the current input. We show through experiments that this approach significantly outperforms existing convolutional models on real datasets in session-based settings.
Advances of Modeling and Reduction of Conducted and Radiated EMI in Flyback Converters

Recent years have witnessed evolutions of topologies and applications of wide bandgap devices in flyback converters, in order to improve efficiency and power density. However, due to the increased topology diversity, and the increased high frequency noise, unprecedented EMI challenges are created. Those challenges lead to advances of EMI modeling and reduction techniques, to be generalized for different topologies, and to be effective at higher frequency ranges. The emerging flyback EMI challenges and research advances are analyzed in this paper. Future challenges and development of EMI in flyback converters are discussed.
Incentivizing Fair Housing

Restrictive land use regulation has thwarted the upward mobility of many Americans, particularly Americans of color. Local restrictions imposed by affluent municipalities have limited access to safe neighborhoods, better housing, and good schools. Racism and economic self-interest have both played a role in exclusionary practices which have contributed to high housing costs that place a strain on the entire economy. Fair Housing Act litigation has been one weapon in the fight against these practices. Despite the Supreme Court’s decision in Inclusive Communities, disparate impact litigation faces significant obstacles that limit its value as a tool to fight exclusionary zoning. First, because restrictive zoning ordinances have such widespread economic effect, it will generally be difficult to prove that their impact on members of protected classes is disparate. Second, municipalities are likely to have successful defenses against disparate impact claims arising from restrictive zoning – including the “business necessity” defense that zoning restrictions are necessary to minimize the tax burden on local residents. Third, litigation sets up an adversarial dynamic that leads municipalities to resist housing initiatives rather than embracing them. By contrast, incentives are better calculated to induce local co-operation in the development of fair housing. HUD made some use of incentives during the Obama administration, but those efforts were not ideally designed to promote buy-in by recalcitrant municipalities, and were abandoned during the Trump Administration. States, however, are well-positioned to use the real property tax system to create substantial incentives for municipalities to abandon exclusionary practices. Using tax incentives rather than mandates would enlist municipal self-interest as a weapon against exclusion.
Práticas de prazer na escrita de autoras brasileiras contemporâneas

People who identify as women (both cis- and transgender) often experience unease around bodily pleasure due to hegemonic power dynamics and repressions. Patriarchal, authoritarian, sexist, colonial and capitalist expectations about a woman’s worth, societal role and “place” all influence this unease. Therefore, the process of a woman feeling good in her body and attending to its needs and desires – what I refer to as a pleasure practice – is a political, healing and liberating act that involves defiance of social norms, particularly for women with intersectional, marginalized identities. Drawing on Audre Lorde’s theory of the erotic and Andrea Saad Hossne Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP) Tatiana Nascimento’s concept of the “direito ao devaneio”, I argue that the prose and poetry of Brazilian LGBTQI+ and/or Black women writers, written in the last five years, reveal an increased attention to validating a wide range of pleasure practices. These authors include Carol Bensimon, Cristiane Sobral, Katiana Souto, Kika Sena, Nanda Fer Pimenta, Piera Schnaider and Tatiana Nascimento. Although women have been using creative writing to affirm their pleasure practices for a long time, each new generation adds to this effort by asserting that there is still work to be done and by expanding conceptions of bodily pleasure beyond hetero, cis, Eurocentric, monogamous norms.
Abstract 1101: Functional genomics of HER2 and HER3 mutations and response to neratinib

Selective kinase inhibitors, such as erolotinib and lapatinib, and monoclonal antibodies, such as cetuximab, trastuzumab and pertuzumab, targeting EGFR and ERBB2 have elicited significant response rates in lung cancer patients harboring mutant EGFR alleles and breast cancer patients whose tumors harbor gene amplification of ERBB2. To date, only a small number of ERBB2 and ERBB3 mutations have been reported and biologically characterized. Moreover, the therapeutic impact of ERBB2 or ERBB3 mutant alleles and their value as an actionable target in patients has not been validated. While ERBB2 itself cannot bind ligand, it is a potent receptor that integrates growth signals via homo- or heterodimerization with other ERBB family members. Genomic alterations increase ERBB2 kinase activity by constitutively activating the kinase domain, enabling ligand-independent receptor activation, by promoting enhanced dimerization or other mechanisms that have yet to be elucidated. Although ERBB3 has limited inherent kinase activity and cannot homodimerize, ligand stimulation promotes dimerization with active kinases like ERBB2 and EGFR that can phosphorylate ERBB2 which then promotes transformation. Thus genomic alterations in ERBB3 may be a key means of promoting oncogenic signaling despite the protein lacking robust enzymatic activity. We performed an analysis of ∼100 large-scale next generation sequencing datasets newly generated by our group (bladder), our institution (MSKCC-IMPACT), or found in recently published repositories (The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Broad, Genentech, Sanger, etc) to characterize the distribution and spectrum of mutations in the ERBB2 and ERBB3 genes. Data generated suggests that ERBB2 and ERBB3 mutations are highly prevalent in bladder cancer (each ∼10%), and recurrent, but with less frequency ( Citation Format: Aphrothiti J. Hanrahan, David M. Hyman, John Sfakianos, Alexis Jones, Ricardo Ramirez, Hannah Johnsen, Gopakumar Iyer, Hikmat A. Al-Ahmadie, Dean Bajorin, Bernard H. Bochner, Jonathan A. Coleman, Jonathan E. Rosenberg, Michael F. Berger, Sarat Chandarlapaty, Jose Baselga, David B. Solit. Functional genomics of HER2 and HER3 mutations and response to neratinib. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1101. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1101
DC voltage interface standards for naval applications

MIL-STD-1399-300 and MIL-STD-1399-680 have established AC voltage interface requirements for U.S. naval surface ship electrical power systems. No such interface standards have been established for DC interfaces on U.S. naval surface ships. This paper provides recommendations for specific standard DC interface voltages for naval surface ship applications. These standard interface voltages are intended to facilitate the development and integration of DC loads. In recommending Interface Standards, the following were considered: • Existing commercial and military interface standards should be used to the maximum extent practical. • Different standard voltage levels should differ significantly (greater than 25%) • Higher voltages enable lower currents, and lighter cables. • Standard voltage ratings of available semiconductor devices and insulation ratings should be considered. In addition to nominal voltage levels, power quality requirements and conformance testing requirements are recommended.
Considering New Paths for Success: An Examination of the Research and Methods on Urban School-University Partnerships Post-No Child Left Behind.

This article examines urban school–university partnership research after No Child Left Behind. Central to the review is an analysis in the trend of research methods utilized across studies. It was ...
The Impact of Parallel Architectures on The Solution of Eigenvalue Problems

This paper presents a short survey of recent work on parallel implementations of Numerical Linear Algebra algorithms with emphasis on those relating to the solution of the symmetric eigenvalue problem on loosely coupled multiprocessor architectures. The vital operations in the formulation of most eigenvalue algorithms are matrix vector multiplication, matrix transposition, and linear system solution. Their implementations on several representative multiprocessor systems will be described, as well as parallel implementations of the following classes of eigenvalue methods : QR, bisection, divide-and-conquer, and Lanczos algorithm.
Business-Government Partnership in Nigeria: A Framework for National Development

ABSTRACT This study critically examines the role of multinational corporations in the global competitiveness of Nigeria. The primary purpose is to make a modest contribution to the debate on Nigeria's competitiveness in the emerging global economy. This study recommends the redefinition of national development goals and reorientation of the focus of MNCs toward such goals. Future industrial policy will need to address the following areas: (1) Promoting competitiveness, especially improving technological capabilities in a market economy; (2) Shifting the incentive structure strongly towards export orientation; (3) Helping import-substituting industries to restructure and upgrade their technologies and skills; (4) Investing in infrastructure, education, training and technological support services; and (5) Promoting regional cooperation to enlarge markets.
Studies on keratosulfates. Methylation, desulfation, and acid hydrolysis studies on old human rib cartilage keratosulfate.

Abstract The structure of the carbohydrate moiety of old human rib cartilage keratosulfate (KS II) was investigated by methylation of the mucopolysaccharide and its desulfated analogue. The methods used were identical with those used previously for cornea keratosulfate. The methyl ethers were characterized either as crystalline derivatives or by paper, thin layer, or gas-liquid chromatography. The data are interpreted as a repeating unit of N-acetyllactosamine polymerized via 1 → 3-linkages to the galactose. Position 6 of N-acetylglucosamine or d-galactose, or both, is esterified with sulfate. The polysaccharide appears to be more highly branched than that from cornea. Furthermore, d-mannose was isolated from KS II and characterized. Mannose was also found in corneal and other keratosulfates. Catalytic desulfation in methanol yielded two high molecular weight desulfated products, one insoluble in aqueous solvents but soluble in formamide, and the other soluble in water. In addition to sialic acid and l-fucose, some d-galactose was released by methanolysis during the desulfation.
Unified multi-bit overlapped-scanning multiplier algorithm

The authors introduce a unique formulation of multiplication for different notations with the unification of the multi-bit overlapped-scanning technique. Specifically, an algorithm for integer and fractional number representations is described for the two's-complement, sign-magnitude, one's-complement, and unsigned notations. It is indicated that a fractional, two's-complement multiplier with minor modifications can accommodate all the notations for integer and fractional representations. The minor modifications include the design of an (n+1)*(n+1) instead of an n*n multiplier with circuits for pre- and post-one's-complementation, and proper computation of the sign. >
Initial photophysical characterization of the proteorhodopsin optical proton sensor (PROPS)

Fluorescence is not frequently used as a tool for investigating the photocycles of rhodopsins, largely because of the low quantum yield of the retinal chromophore. However, a new class of genetically encoded voltage sensors is based upon rhodopsins and their fluorescence. The first such sensor reported in the literature was the proteorhodopsin optical proton sensor (PROPS), which is capable of indicating membrane voltage changes in bacteria by means of changes in fluorescence. However, the properties of this fluorescence, such as its lifetime decay components and its origin in the protein photocycle, remain unknown. This paper reports steady-state and nanosecond time-resolved emission of this protein expressed in two strains of Escherichia coli, before and after membrane depolarization. The voltage-dependence of a particularly long lifetime component is established. Additional work to improve quantum yields and improve the general utility of PROPS is suggested.
Book Review: Guide to computer forensics and investigations (3rd ed.)

Nelson, B., Phillips, A., Enfinger, F., & Steuart, C. (2008). Guide to computer forensics and investigations (3rd ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. 693 pages, ISBN: 1-4180-6733-4 (paper). Reviewed by Keyu Jiang (kjiang@fhsu.edu) and Ruifeng Xuan (r_xuan@scatcat.fhsu.edu), Department of Information Networking and Telecommunications, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS 67601 Nelson, Phillips, Enfinger, and Steuartâ€™s book is about the science of computer forensics and its implications in crime investigations. This book is not intended to provide comprehensive training in computer forensics, but introduce the science the science of computer forensics and its implications in crime investigations.Â It focused on establishing a solid foundation for those who are new to this field.Â Nelson, Philips, Enfiger, and Steuart are experienced experts in different areas of computer forensics.Â Different expertise makes this book could benefit many groups of people at different educational level and industrial background. (see PDF for full review)
Content Nouns and the Semantics of Question-Embedding

In this paper, we focus on the semantics of the first class of attitude verbs, such as know, forget and tell, which can select either a declarative or an interrogative complement. Hereafter, we refer to this class of attitude verbs as RESPONSIVE PREDICATES, following Lahiri (2002). One of the basic issues in the semantics of question-embedding concerns the selectional property of these predicates. Namely, how we can semantically account for their compatibility with both declarative and interrogative complements. This question does not have a straightforward answer if we assume that responsive predicates are unambiguous, and that declarative complements and interrogative complements denote different kinds of objects, i.e., propositions and questions. The standard answer to this question states that the basic denotation of responsive predicates selects for a proposition, which is the meaning of declarative clauses, and assumes some form of reduction from the meaning of embedded interrogatives to propositions (e.g., Karttunen 1977; Groenendijk and Stokhof 1984). However, such an account wrongly predicts that a believetype predicate would be able to embed an interrogative complement if it were not for further stipulations.1 For example, in Groenendijk and Stokhof’s (1984) theory, the intension of an interrogative clause is a propositional concept (i.e., a function from worlds to propositions). Thus, the extension of an interrogative clause is a proposition (corresponding to the true exhaustive
A Non Spatial Continuous Semigroup of *-Endomorphisms of \mathfrak{B}(\mathfrak{H})

In this paper a continuous one parameter semigroup at of ^-endomorphisms of is constructed having the property that there does not exist a strongly continuous one parameter semigroup of intertwining isometrics (i. e. there is no strongly continuous semigroup of isometrics £/(Oe93(€>) so that U(t)A = at(A)U(t) for all
Three stage cascade diode lasers generating 500 mW near 3.2 μm

GaSb-based type-I quantum well 3.1–3.2 μm diode lasers with two- and three-cascade heterostructures were designed, fabricated, and characterized. Devices with ∼100-μm-wide aperture, 3-mm-long cavity, and anti-/high-reflection coated mirrors demonstrated continuous wave output power of 500 mW, threshold current density of ∼200 A/cm2, and peak power conversion efficiency of ∼7% at 17 °C. This corresponds to more than twofold improvement in terms of output power and efficiency as compared to standard diode lasers operating in the same spectral region. The experiment showed that the increase in the number of cascades from two to three led to critical enhancement of the differential gain and reduction of the threshold current density. Light p-doping of the AlGaAsSb graded section did not introduce extra optical loss but aided hole transport as required for realization of the efficient multi-stage cascade pumping scheme.
Cyclic estradiol treatment modulates the orexigenic effects of ghrelin in ovariectomized rats

Data from a wide variety of mammalian species indicate that feeding behavior can be influenced by changes in endogenous estrogens and exogenous estrogenic treatments. Ghrelin is an important physiological signal for the regulation of energy balance, and ghrelin treatment increases eating and body weight in male rodents. The following studies evaluated the hypothesis that the inhibitory effects of estradiol on feeding involve interactions with orexigenic peptides by examining the ability of estradiol to modulate the behavioral effects of ghrelin in female rats. In these experiments, adult rats were ovariectomized and assigned to an estradiol benzoate (EB) or an oil (control) group. Three weeks after ovariectomy, animals received two daily subcutaneous injections of EB or the oil vehicle. Animals then received intraperitoneal (ip) injections of ghrelin (6.0 or 12.0 nmol) or saline during the nocturnal and diurnal periods three days after the first injection of estradiol or oil. Food intake, meal size, and meal number were determined during the 2-hour period following ghrelin or saline treatments. Ghrelin significantly increased food intake during nocturnal tests in oil-treated but not estradiol-treated rats. The hyperphagic effects of ghrelin on nocturnal food intake were also accompanied by an increase in meal size, and this effect of ghrelin on meal size was attenuated in estradiol-treated females. These findings support the hypothesis that the effects of estradiol on feeding behavior involve an attenuation of orexigenic signals, possibly by modulating the effects of the peripheral ghrelin signal on hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in the control of food intake.
Self-Control and Criminal Opportunity Cross-Sectional Test of the General Theory of Crime

In this study, the authors tested two hypotheses drawn from the general theory of crime. The first hypothesis is that low self-control is a major individual-level cause of crime. The second, that the effect of self-control is contingent on criminal opportunity. The measure of self-control used was a 23-item self-report index. To measure criminal opportunity, two proxy variables were used: gender and crime-involved friends. Crime measures included number of criminal acts of force and number of criminal acts of fraud reported in a 6-month recall period by a sample of 522 criminal offenders. Self-control was lower among offenders reporting more crimes of force and fraud, but the variance explained by self-control was low in each case. The relationship between self-control and fraud crimes was contingent on criminal opportunity, but the relationship between self-control and force crimes was not. Implications of these findings for the general theory of crime are reviewed.
Bilateral Mycobacterium abscessus keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis

A 35-year-old man was diagnosed with Mycobacterium abscessus keratitis in the left eye 3 weeks after bilateral laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Infection in the right eye developed 6 weeks after surgery. Despite aggressive treatment with topical amikacin and clarithromycin and oral clarithromycin, the infection progressed in both eyes. To improve antibiotic penetration, the LASIK flap was removed in both eyes. Culture positivity was prolonged; however, after 8 weeks of intensive topical antibiotics, the infection was eradicated. The final best corrected visual acuity was 20/30 in both eyes.
A biomechanical modeling of injury, repair, and rehabilitation of ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the thumb.

Abstract Purpose The use of early active motion protocols after repair of the thumb ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) theoretically could avoid the complications of postoperative immobilization and improve ligament healing. The goals of this study were as follows: (1) to develop an accurate model of acute UCL rupture, (2) to determine the strain pattern in the UCL during constrained active thumb motion in intact and repaired thumbs, and (3) to determine the load to failure and strain of the UCL during rupture in forced abduction. Methods Sixteen fresh-frozen adult cadaver thumbs were mounted in a testing apparatus designed for testing the strain in the UCL during constrained active motion and abduction load to failure. Strain data for the UCL during motion were measured. Specimens were tested to failure using an MTS machine. Dynamic strain data were acquired throughout the loading cycle. Repair of the torn ligament was performed with a suture anchor technique. Strain and load-to-failure measurements then were repeated in the repaired specimens. Differences in the strain values and failure forces between the intact and repaired specimens then were compared. Results A reliable model of a UCL rupture was created. Strains in the UCL were similar during active motion in both intact and repaired specimens. A significant decrease in maximum load to failure was noted in repaired specimens but failure reliably occurred at strains 3 times greater than expected with active motion. Conclusions A controlled active motion therapy protocol after suture anchor repair of a ruptured UCL of the thumb is safe from a biomechanical point of view.
Clostridium difficile-associated Enteric Disease.

Clostridium difficile was identified as the putative agent of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis in 1978 and is now recognized as the major identifiable cause of antibioticassociated diarrhea. This microbe causes a spectrum of enteric disease ranging from nuisance diarrhea to life-threatening colitis. Risk factors include increasing age, exposure to antibiotics, colonization or acquisition of toxin-producing strains of C. difficile, and lack of circulating antibody to C. difficile toxin A. Detection is relatively simple by stool assay for C. difficile toxin—usually an enzyme immunoassay that will detect toxin A and B. Most nonsevere cases will respond with discontinuation of the implicated antibiotic. More severe cases require metronidazole and supportive care. The major complications include ileus, toxic megacolon, relapsing disease after antibiotic treatment, and nosocomial epidemics.
Nanophase Fe alloys consolidated to full density from mechanically milled powders

Nanophase elemental Fe powders prepared by mechanical milling were sinter forged to full density with an average grain size in the nanophase range (below 100 nm). If Cu additions are introduced during milling to form supersaturated solid solutions (Fe{sub 85}Cu{sub 15} and Fe{sub 60}Cu{sub 40}), grain sizes can be easily controlled to below 50 nm after consolidation. For Fe-Cu, it was observed that atomic level alloying between the two elements during milling was very helpful for obtaining a homogeneous microstructure and nanocrystalline grain/domain sizes in the consolidated product. The advantages of using sinter forging (upset die forging), as well as the role of the Cu addition, in the retention of nanocrystalline grain sizes are discussed. The consolidated Fe alloys exhibit very high strength under compression, further demonstrating that low populations of flaws and nanophase grain structures were attained in the consolidated products. (c) 2000 Materials Research Society.
A picture tells a thousand words: Impact of an educational nutrition booklet on nutrition label gazing

Overweight and obesity are major health issues in many countries. Nutritional labels provide a means to making healthier food choices. Gazing longer at nutrition labels rather than the products' packaging may be a first step in making a healthy decision when purchasing or consuming a product. Using eye-tracker methodology, we examined the influence of an educational nutrition booklet on duration of gaze at nutrition labels. Thirty-two adults from New York City participated in a pretest–posttest study. Participants were randomly assigned to the nutrition education group (NE) or the control group for 10 min. The NE group reviewed a picture-based educational nutrition booklet. The control group worked on a word find puzzle. Participants' duration of gazing at nutrition labels was assessed. Results revealed a significant interaction of group and nutrition label gazing such that the NE group gazed significantly longer at the nutritional label in the posttest compared to the pretest. The NE group gazed significantly longer at nutrition labels during the posttest than the control group. There was no effect for the control group. The findings show that briefly reviewing an educational nutrition booklet increases duration of gaze at nutrition labels.
Finite Surfaces a Study of Finite 2-Complexes

(1960). Finite Surfaces a Study of Finite 2-Complexes. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 11-22.