cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analytical Chemical Sensing in the THz Spectral Range

Highly sensitive and selective Terahertz sensor utilized to quantitatively analyze a complex mixture of Volatile Organic Compounds is reported. This study serves as basis for our research in environmental sensing and analysis of expired breath.
Aspects of in vitro fatigue in human cortical bone: time and cycle dependent crack growth

Abstract Although fatigue damage in bone induced by cyclic loading has been recognized as a problem of clinical significance, few fracture mechanics based studies have investigated how incipient cracks grow by fatigue in this material. In the present study, in vitro cyclic fatigue experiments were performed in order to quantify fatigue-crack growth behavior in human cortical bone. Crack-growth rates spanning five orders of magnitude were obtained for the extension of macroscopic cracks in the proximal-distal direction; growth-rate data could be well characterized by the linear-elastic stress-intensity range, using a simple (Paris) power law with exponents ranging from 4.4 to 9.5. Mechanistically, to discern whether such behavior results from “true” cyclic fatigue damage or is simply associated with a succession of quasi-static fracture events, cyclic crack-growth rates were compared to those measured under sustained (non-cyclic) loading. Measured fatigue-crack growth rates were found to exceed those “predicted” from the sustained load data at low growth rates (∼3×10 −10 to 5×10 −7 m/cycle), suggesting that a “true” cyclic fatigue mechanism, such as alternating blunting and re-sharpening of the crack tip, is active in bone. Conversely, at higher growth rates (∼5×10 −7 to 3×10 −5 m/cycle), the crack-growth data under sustained loads integrated over the loading cycle reasonably predicts the cyclic fatigue data, indicating that quasi-static fracture mechanisms predominate. The results are discussed in light of the occurrence of fatigue-related stress fractures in cortical bone.
A mechanical treatment of the leaky faucet experiment

Abstract Experimental observation of a series of bistable regions in a string of time intervals between successive drops as a function of flow rate is presented and discussed. A quantitative one-dimensional model is proposed for various moderate flow-rate phenomena observed in a dripping faucet experiment. The existence of a series of bistable regions is explained in terms of a feedback loop in the phase angle of drops oscillating on the end of a pipette.
Exposure to Maternal- and Paternal-Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence, Emotion Regulation, and Child Outcomes

The current study examined the relationship of maternal- and paternal-perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) to children’s internalizing and externalizing symptomatology. Mother-child dyads (N = 53; child ages 8–11) reported maternal- and paternal-perpetrated IPV exposure and measures of child symptomatology. Results demonstrated that: (a) maternal- and paternal-perpetrated IPV have similar but not identical relations with child outcomes, (b) mothers’ and children’s reports of paternal-perpetrated IPV were positively related, (c) mother and child report of maternal- and paternal-perpetrated IPV related to child emotional and behavior problems, and (d) emotion dysregulation mediated the link between IPV exposure and child outcomes. Notably, findings differed by reporters. Results support emotion dysregulation as one mechanism through which IPV exposure may lead to child behavior problems, with implications for clinical intervention.
In-process metrics for software testing

In-process tracking and measurements play a critical role in software development, particularly for software testing. Although there are many discussions and publications on this subject and numerous proposed metrics, few in-process metrics are presented with sufficient experiences of industry implementation to demonstrate their usefulness. This paper describes several in-process metrics whose usefulness has been proven with ample implementation experiences at the IBM Rochester AS/400® software development laboratory. For each metric, we discuss its purpose, data, interpretation, and use and present a graphic example with real-life data. We contend that most of these metrics, with appropriate tailoring as needed, are applicable to most software projects and should be an integral part of software testing.
Computer head control software to compensate for neck movement limitations

Computer head controls provide an alternative means of computer access for people with disabilities. However, a person's ability to use head controls may be reduced if his or her disability involves neck movement limitations. Software was developed which incorporates five methods of compensating for a user's neck movement limitation. This software will be used to evaluate and compare these methods, in order to determine their effectiveness in helping people operate a computer using head controls.
Code protection for resource-constrained embedded devices

While the machine neutral Java bytecodes are attractive for code distribution in the highly heterogeneous embedded domain, the well-documented and standardized features also make it difficult to protect these codes. In fact, there are several tools to reverse engineer Java bytecodes. The focus of this work is the design of a substitution-based bytecode obfuscation approach that prevents code from being executed on unauthorized devices. Furthermore, we also improve the resilience of this substitution-based approach to frequency-based attacks. Using various Java class files, we show that our approach is 2.5 to 3 times less computationally intensive as compared to a traditional encryption based approach. Our experiments reveal that the protected class files could not execute on unauthorized clients.
Interactive risk factors for treatment adherence in a chronic psychotic disorders population

Abstract This study identified the unique and primary contributions of several concurrent risk factors for poor adherence to treatment recommendations in a clinic population of individuals with chronic psychotic disorders, i.e. 48% had DSM-IV diagnoses of schizoaffective disorder, 38% had schizophrenia, paranoid type, 12% had schizophrenia, undifferentiated type, and 2% had affective disorder with psychotic features. The target cohort consisted of 87 consecutive admissions to a continuing day treatment program. As part of a services-oriented quality assurance program, clinical staff completed rating scales for all patients. These included the BASIS-32 rating scale, which consisted of the following five subscales: psychosis; depression/anxiety; impulsive/addictive behavior; relation to self and others; and daily living and role functioning, and the Working Alliance Inventory-short form (therapist version), which consisted of the following three subscales: goal; task; and bond. These data were used to identify risk factors that weaken a patient’s adherence to medication and non-medication treatment during the first 2 weeks of treatment in the clinic. Medication treatment consisted of both typical and atypical neuroleptic medications, with most patients being on multiple medications. Correlational analyses suggested that many of the risk factor variables were significantly associated with poor treatment adherence. Regression analyses suggested that the degree of psychoticism was most strongly associated with poor adherence to medication treatment and that difficulties relating to self and others were the strongest predictor of poor adherence to non-medication treatment. A large-sample services research design such as this can begin to determine patterns of associations between previous identified risk factors and poor treatment adherence in individuals with chronic psychotic disorders.
Thermal Property of a Two-Dimensional Partially Conducting Grate

A grate consisting of equally spaced rectangular cylinders is embedded in a material of different property. The heat conduction across the grate is solved exactly by eigenfunction expansion and matching. The behavior of the eigenvalues and the corner singularities are analyzed. Effective conductivities are determined for various geometries and conductivity ratios. The results may be useful in the design of composites with a layer of spaced fiber bundles
A fault tolerant flight control system for sensor and actuator failures using neural networks

Abstract In recent years neural networks have been proposed for identification and control of linear and non-linear dynamic systems. This paper describes the performance of a neural network-based fault-tolerant system within a flight control system. This fault-tolerant flight control system integrates sensor and actuator failure detection, identification, and accommodation (SFDIA and AFDIA). The first task is achieved by incorporating a main neural network (MNN) and a set of n decentralized neural networks (DNNs) to create a system with n sensors which has the ability to detect a wide variety of sensor failures. The second scheme implements the same main neural network integrated with three neural network controllers. The contribution of this paper focuses on enhancements of the SFDIA scheme to allow the handling of soft failures as well as addressing the issue of integrating the SFDIA and the AFDIA schemes without degradation of performance in terms of false alarm rates and incorrect failure identification. The results of the simulation with different actuator and sensor failures with a non-linear aircraft model are presented and discussed.
Hypertonic saline: intraosseous infusion causes myonecrosis in a dehydrated swine model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock.

Background: The Institute of Medicine has recommended intraosseous (IO) infusion of 7.5% hypertonic saline (HTS) for combat casualties in shock. We tested the safety and efficacy of this recommendation in a long-term survival model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock using dehydrated swine. Methods: Fourteen dehydrated Yorkshire swine had placement of a 12G needle in the right anterior tibia under isoflurane anesthesia. Uncontrolled hemorrhage was induced via left iliac artery and vein injury. Animals were kept in shock for 2 hours and then resuscitated over 2 hours with 5 mL/kg of 7.5% HTS given either as 10 small boluses (group I, n = 4) or two large boluses (group II, n = 6) to compare the physiologic response and blood loss. Control animals (group III, n = 4) received an equal volume of 0.9% saline IO and additional intravenous saline to equalize the salt load in all groups. Results: The three groups had similar physiologic responses, with no increase in blood loss following HTS resuscitation. However, between the second and fifth postresuscitation days, the 7.5% HTS resuscitated animals developed soft tissue necrosis or bone marrow necrosis of the right hind leg (group I, 100%; group II, 66.6%; group III, 0%). Conclusion: HTS resuscitation effectively restored hemodynamic stability in dehydrated swine without increased bleeding from an uncontrolled vascular injury. However, IO infusion of HTS in this model was associated with a very high rate of local complications. Further investigations should be undertaken before IO use of 7.5% HTS in humans.
3.508 μ-HeXe-laser line absorption by CH3COOCH3, CH3, and NO2 and infrared emission at 6.89 μ by CH3COOCH3 and CH3 at elevated temperatures

Abstract Shock-tube HeXe-laser absorption data at ωL=2850.633 cm-1 for CH3COOCH3 at 757≤T, °K≤1344, NO2 at 412≤T, °K≤1859, and CH3 at 1283≤T, °K≤1562 are presented. Approximate models are used for the effective spectral absorption coefficient of vibration-rotation lines for analytical representations of the results around atmospheric pressures. For CH3COOCH3, an equivalent Voigt-profile for an isolated line was adopted in order to account for a dependence on total pressure of the laser absorption coefficient. Shock-tube emission data at λ=6.890 μ(Δλ=0.197μ) for CH3COOCH3 at 814≤T, °K≤1651 and for CH3 at 1377≤T, °K≤1562 in the v4-fundamental of the H-bond bending mode of the CH3-group are well described at atmospheric pressures by approximations of just-overlapping-line models for polyatomic molecules. The adopted models are useful for concentration-time history measurements of methyl acetate, nitrogen dioxide, and methyl radicals behind shock waves.
Cystic tumor of the atrioventricular node: an unexpected finding in an explanted heart.

Abstract Summary We report herein a unique case of cystic tumor of atrioventricular (AV) node (CTAVN), which, to our knowledge, is the first of its kind diagnosed in an explanted heart specimen and only the fourth diagnosed antemortem. Often, this rare tumor can only be diagnosed by careful gross examination and adequate sampling of AV node region. It is an important differential diagnosis in young patients with syncopal attacks and varying degrees of heart blocks. Context CTAVN is a rare, benign tumor. Most cases have been reported in young females (mean age, 38 years). Patients typically present with conduction abnormalities including complete heart block leading to sudden cardiac death. Most cases have been identified at autopsy; no cases to our knowledge have been reported in an explanted heart. Design A 19 year-old female presented to the cardiac transplant clinic for evaluation of severe congestive heart failure felt to be secondary to postpartum cardiomyopathy. The patient's history was significant for congenital heart block requiring placement of a permanent pacemaker at 12 years of age. At the time of this presentation, electrocardiogram revealed second-degree AV block, and two-dimensional echocardiogram showed lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum. Seven months later, orthotopic cardiac transplantation was performed. Results On gross examination, the explanted heart weighed 500 g and had biventricular dilatation. Histologic sections of left and right ventricle revealed myocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis consistent with dilated cardiomyopathy. Sections from the AV node showed a lesion with morphological features of CTAVN. It was composed of cysts of varying sizes lined by transitional, cuboidal and squamous epithelium. Some cysts were filled with proteinaceous debris that were periodic acid Schiff-positive and diastase resistant. Conclusions CTAVN occurs exclusively in the area of the AV node, tricuspid valve, and inferior atrial septum. These lesions are now believed to be endodermal in origin, although mesothelial origin was earlier proposed. We report herein a case of CTAVN, the first of its kind diagnosed in an explanted heart specimen and only the fourth diagnosed antemortem.
Appropriate and Inappropriate Use of Estimated True Scores for Normative Comparisons

Some commentators have argued that test users should employ estimated true scores in place of the usual observed scores for many of the interpretations of standardized test results. We agree with this position for some of the score interpretations described here. However, for normative interpretations of individual scores and class averages, the use of estimated true scores or average estimated true scores is not recommended. No change in status would result from the use of estimated true values, since regressed scores preserve the rank ordering of groups and individuals when appropriate norms are used. Since test norms are always stated in terms of observed scores, such norms would be inappropriate and misleading if used to interpret estimated true values of local pupils or groups.
QRP07-4: Generalized Selection Multiuser Scheduling with Channel Estimation Errors

We propose and study a generalized selection multiuser scheduling (GSMuS) scheme which ranks a total of L users awaiting transmission by their signal-to-noise- ratios (SNRs) and selects Nc users with the largest SNRs for parallel channel access. We derive the error and outage probabilities, the individual and sum rates of the proposed GSMuS scheme with adaptive modulation. The effect of imperfect channel estimation (ICE) on the sum and individual rates is analytically evaluated. Numerical results show that as the average channel SNR (ASNR) per user increases, assigning more users for parallel transmission (for a fixed total transmission power) will significantly improve the sum throughput than scheduling one best user. Under the block static fading assumption, as the ASNR increases the effect of ICE on the spectral efficiency tends to decrease, and the performance of GSMuS with ICE approaches that with perfect channel state information (CSI).
Altered Wound Arginine Metabolism by Corticosterone and Retinoic Acid

Arginine metabolism plays an important role in many aspects of inflammation and wound healing. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that steroids and vitamin A have differential effects on arginine metabolism and thereby may provide a mechanism by which steroids impair wound healing, and vitamin A improves this impairment. Rats were treated with subcutaneous corticosterone pellets 2 days prior to wounding. Intraperitoneal injections of all-trans retinoic acid in peanut oil were administered at the same time and repeated 2 and 4 days later. Polyvinyl alcohol sponges were implanted subcutaneously through a dorsal incision. On Postwounding Days 1, 5, 10, and 15, wound fluid was recovered from the sponges and assayed for nitrite/nitrate (NOx), citrulline, arginine, and ornithine concentrations as well as arginase activity. Steroid treatment decreased the metabolism of arginine to nitric oxide in the early phase of wound healing, and retinoic acid did not change this relationship. Corticosterone also decreased metabolism of arginine to ornithine in the later wound. This depression was inhibited by concomitant administration of retinoic acid. Considering the importance of nitric oxide in host defense and ornithine as a precursor for polyamine and proline synthesis, these data provide a mechanism by which vitamin A improves wound strength, but does not improve wound infection rates in steroid-treated animals.
American association for the surgery of trauma prevention committee topical overview: national trauma data bank, geographic information systems, and teaching injury prevention

Abstract Background Injury is the leading cause of death for all Americans aged 1 to 35 years, and injury-related costs exceed $100 billion per year in the United States. Trauma centers can be important resources for risk identification and prevention strategies. The authors review 3 important resources for injury prevention education and research: the National Trauma Data Bank, geographic information systems, and an overview of injury prevention education. Data Sources The National Trauma Data Bank and the Trauma Quality Improvement Program are available through the Web site of the American College of Surgeons. Links to research examples using geographic information systems software and the National Trauma Data Bank are provided in the text. Finally, resources for surgical educators in the area of injury prevention are summarized and examples provided. Conclusions Database research, geographic information systems, and injury prevention education are important tools in the field of injury prevention. This article provides an overview of current research and education strategies and resources.
Financial Market Frictions, Productivity Growth and Crises in Emerging Economies

This paper documents that nancial crises in emerging countries involve large and persistent losses in labor productivity. It then presents a model which features endogenous TFP growth through the adoption of new varieties of intermediates, and in which an agency problem in nancial markets implies that technology adopters may be credit constrained. A crisis shock generates a decline in TFP of size and persistence comparable to the data. Financial frictions are quantitatively important, explaining half the medium run TFP decline. Both endogenous growth and the nancial friction substantially contribute to a more persistent output decline and to an amplied short run response of consumption. These mechanisms also help in accounting for the time series properties of Argentina’s GDP and Solow residual, especially at medium frequencies.
Alcohol consumption: the good, the bad, and the indifferent.

Dietary ethanol (alcohol) is the most widely consumed drug worldwide. High levels of mortality, morbidity, and social malaise are associated with abuse of alcohol, and increasing numbers of women a...
Discovery of Music through Peers in an Online Community

Peer influence in social networks has been studied for over four decades by social scientists and marketing researchers. Due to recent growth of internet technologies and online social networks, research on peer influence has gained even more attention over the last decade. But, most extant empirical work measuring peer effect faces challenges due to selection problem, difficulty in separating source of influence, and accounting for a user's pre-existing knowledge. In this paper we overcome these challenges by strategically dissecting the archival data and find that the online users have a small but statistically significant influence on other peers in discovery of music. We cleanly and empirically estimate that online users are 6 times more likely to discover new music because of their peers in an online community when compared to discovery in the absence of those peers.
Development of a vegetarian food guide

In the past several years there has been an increase in the number of people who avoid some or all animal products for food. Dietary guides that include animal foods are not designed for vegetarian eating patterns. The purpose of this study was to develop a food guide to be used by nutrition educators in assessing the adequacy of vegetarian diets in an educational or clinical setting and to be used to teach interested individuals how to plan an adequate vegetarian diet. The steps followed in developing the food guide are outlined. Nutrient analysis on constructed food groups are used to estimate types and quantities of food that must be included in the daily diet to achieve nutrient adequacy.
Performance of the GLAS space lidar receiver through its seven-year space mission

We report the receiver performance and key components' characteristics of the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on ICESat after seven years in space as monitored during the mission and tests at the end of mission.
Low-density lipoprotein, non-high-density lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein B as targets of lipid-lowering therapy

Although low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is widely recognized as the major atherogenic lipoprotein and the primary target of lipid-lowering therapy,1 other lipoprotein species nonetheless appear to be involved in atherogenesis. These include very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Both VLDL and IDL are triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLP). Thus, in the aftermath of unequivocal evidence that LDL lowering reduces risk for major coronary events and stroke,2 the field of lipid study is turning more of its attention to the other lipoproteins that appear to be involved in atherosclerosis. The recent Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) report1 of the National Cholesterol Education Program has summarized our current understanding of the relationship between other lipoprotein species and risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). See p 2537 ATP III1 placed more emphasis on TGRLP and HDL as secondary targets of lipid-modifying therapy than did previous ATP reports.3 There is an emerging consensus that among TGRLP, cholesterol-rich remnant lipoproteins carry atherogenic potential. This view led ATP III to designate LDL+IDL+VLDL cholesterol (called non-HDL cholesterol) as “atherogenic cholesterol” and to identify it as a secondary target of therapy, after LDL cholesterol. In the ATP III report, however, non-HDL cholesterol as a secondary target is limited to persons who have elevated serum triglyceride levels (≥200 mg/dL). In the majority of people who have lower triglyceride levels, LDL cholesterol contains the bulk of “atherogenic cholesterol” and thus is a sufficient target alone. The designation of elevated non-HDL cholesterol as a treatment target depended strongly on increasing data showing that high levels of cholesterol-rich TGRLP raise risk for CHD. Several reviews summarize the evidence for atherogenicity of triglyceride-rich remnants.4–6 On the other hand, only a limited number of studies7,8 have examined the strength of association between non-HDL cholesterol …
Evaluating the benefits and risks of postmenopausal hormone therapy

Abstract The evidence that estrogen protects against coronary heart disease is biologically plausible, consistent, and strong. These benefits have not been established by a randomized trial, however, so that the degree of protection against heart disease might have been overestimated because estrogen users tend to be healthier than nonusers. A randomized trial to determine whether estrogen alone or in combination with progestin protects against coronary heart disease should be given a high priority. Progestins generally attenuate the effects of estrogen on the concentrations of HDLC. It is not known whether this effect also limits the beneficial effects of estrogen on the risk of coronary heart disease. Recent studies suggest that estrogen may protect against coronary heart disease in other ways besides favorably altering serum concentrations of lipoproteins and that progestins might not have adverse effects on the risk of heart disease. Currently, theoretical concerns that progestins might be harmful seem outweighed by the evidence that they protect against endometrial cancer in women who have a uterus. For these women, some may find the side effects of progestins to be so bothersome that they prefer to take estrogen alone. This approach is reasonable so long as the patient has periodic endometrial biopsies for early detection of pre-malignant or malignant endometrial changes. Women without a uterus should take estrogen alone. Women who take long-term estrogen therapy appear to have about a 30% greater chance of developing breast cancer. On the other hand, breast cancer that develops while taking estrogen therapy might have a slightly better prognosis. Quantitative comparisons of fatal conditions suggest that the benefits of long-term therapy outweigh the risks. But these comparisons assume that all causes of deaths are equally important and do not adequately take account of other psychologic and physical effects of hormone therapy. Densitometry may be valuable for a woman who would not take long-term hormone therapy unless she knew that her bone density was low. Densitometry should not substitute for consideration of and counseling about the other risks and benefits of hormone therapy besides prevention of fracture. Physicians can provide useful information and make influential recommendations about hormone therapy. However, since an individual woman gains the benefits and suffers the consequences of treatment, her preferences should be respected. Ideally, the decision about hormone therapy should be based on the patient's informed preference.
Process Products: Capturing Design Iteration with Digital Fabrication

This paper introduces the concept of Process Products, or digitally fabricated objects embedded with visual representations of design process. The goal of this work is to use automation to capture the iterative process of designing and manufacturing objects using digital fabrication and encapsulate this information directly on the produced objects themselves. Documenting iteration can help designers communicate the evolution of their design, reveal strategies that designers use to create products, and help manufacturers of digital fabrication technologies understand how their tools are used. We propose three potential forms of Process Products: Process Heatmaps, Process Stacks, and Process Textures, as a way to spark discussion on capturing and representing iteration in the design of physical objects.
Effect of an oxide dispersion on the hydrogen embrittlement of a Ni 3 Al base alloy

The susceptibility of a hot isostatically pressed Ni3AI, Cr, Zr alloy to hydrogen embrittlement has been studied. The base alloy and a second alloy containing 5 vol. % Y2O3 particles were tested by cathodically charging with hydrogen prior to or simultaneously with tensile testing. Embrittlement of both alloys was noted under both charging conditions, but was much more severe for simultaneous charging. Intergranular fracture due to hydrogen was noted in the base alloy, while the dispersoid-containing alloy failed along prior particle boundaries. The results are explained by a dislocation transport mechanism in which hydrogen is delivered to interior fracture sites by mobile dislocations. Much greater penetration of hydrogen is achieved under simultaneous charging conditions.
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and inflammatory bowel disease

Immunologic studies of lesional and nonlesional "normal"-appearing skin of a 32-year-old man with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) revealed the following: (1) Noninflammatory subepidermal bullae formation in the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive basement membrane; (2) linear deposits of polyclonal IgG, Clq, C4, C3, properdin, and factor B at the dermoepidermal junction; IgA and IgM were not found; (3) broad subbasal lamina electron-dense amorphous material (EDAM) lacking amyloid features by electron microscopy; EDAM was not associated with anchoring fibers; (4) cleavage plane below the EDAM. Gastrointestinal endoscopy showed inflammatory erosions in the duodenum. Microscopy of the involved duodenum showed a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, subepithelial edema, microvesiculation, and granular deposits of IgG and C3, but no EDAM. However, EDAM and immune reactants were found in the esophagus. EBA is a distinct entity characterized by the presence and location of EDAM ultrastructurally, and it may represent a gastrointestinal-cutaneous syndrome with an immune pathogenesis.
Propagation of light pulses in a chirped-pulse-amplification laser

The propagation and compression of a broadband pulse in a chirped-pulse-amplification (CPA) laser is studied. Gain narrowing and self-phase-modulation (SPM) are the main mechanisms that modulate the final compressed pulse temporally and spectrally. The effect of gain saturation is also investigated. Due to the large chirp of this type of laser pulse, the power gain of the amplifier can be treated as a function of instantaneous frequency to simplify the analysis. Experimental results from an Nd:glass CPA laser system are in good agreement with the theory. Both experimental and theoretical results show that SPM can play an important role in determining the final shape of the compressed pulse, even at relatively low values of the cumulative B-integral, B >
Capacity and Delay Scaling in Cognitive Radio Ad Hoc Networks: Impact of Primary User Activity

Cognitive radio ad hoc networks (CRAHNs) solve the problem of spectrum utilization when the licensed or primary user (PU) activity changes over time. This affects not only the spectrum availability, but also the network topology, making the analysis of scaling laws very challenging. Currently, the effect of PU activity on the network scaling laws has not been theoretically analyzed, to the best of our knowledge. In this paper, throughput capacity and delay scaling laws are introduced for CRAHNs by capturing the impact of PU activity in dense, and sparse PU deployment conditions. In the former case, it is observed that the scalability for the CRAHN is very low, with the capacity strongly related to the 'off' transmission times of the PU. Moreover, this is possible only under specific conditions of buffering, and queuing assumptions for the CRAHN. In the second case with sparse PUs, both the average throughput capacity and network delay of CRAHN are significantly improved. Interestingly, in both cases, the distribution of the PU locations does not impact the scalability in CRAHNs.
A comparison of low-dose risperidone to paroxetine in the treatment of panic attacks: a randomized, single-blind study

Because a large proportion of patients with panic attacks receiving approved pharmacotherapy do not respond or respond poorly to medication, it is important to identify additional therapeutic strategies for the management of panic symptoms. This article describes a randomized, rater-blind study comparing low-dose risperidone to standard-of-care paroxetine for the treatment of panic attacks. Fifty six subjects with a history of panic attacks were randomized to receive either risperidone or paroxetine. The subjects were then followed for eight weeks. Outcome measures included the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS), the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (Ham-A), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (Ham-D), the Sheehan Panic Anxiety Scale-Patient (SPAS-P), and the Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI). All subjects demonstrated a reduction in both the frequency and severity of panic attacks regardless of treatment received. Statistically significant improvements in rating scale scores for both groups were identified for the PDSS, the Ham-A, the Ham-D, and the CGI. There was no difference between treatment groups in the improvement in scores on the measures PDSS, Ham-A, Ham-D, and CGI. Post hoc tests suggest that subjects receiving risperidone may have a quicker clinical response than subjects receiving paroxetine. We can identify no difference in the efficacy of paroxetine and low-dose risperidone in the treatment of panic attacks. Low-dose risperidone appears to be tolerated equally well as paroxetine. Low-dose risperidone may be an effective treatment for anxiety disorders in which panic attacks are a significant component. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT100457106
Propulsion Technology Assessments within NASA's Integrated Technology Assessment Center

NASA's Advanced Space Transportation Program (ASTP) founded the Integrated Technology Assessment Center (ITAC) to provide a comprehensive, systematic approach to identify long-term technology needs, to quantify payoffs for technology investments, and to assess the progress of ASTPsponsored technology programs. To accomplish these goals, ITAC first assembled an experienced team representing a broad sector of the aerospace community. A systematic assessment process was defined and the tools to support the process were developed. Two available single-stage-to-orbit models were used to demonstrate the process. The ITAC team is currently in the process of completing a two-stage-toorbit model and several in-space concepts. This paper provides an overview of ITAC efforts to date including both a description of the ITAC process and a review of some of the results obtained in process demonstration efforts using available models.
Mapping and GIS Standards Meeting

The Mapping and GIS Standards Section D18.01.05, under Subcommittee D18.01 Surface and Subsurface Reconnaissance, met on January 24 as part of the Spring Meeting of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Committee D18 on Soil and Rock, in Orlando, Fla., January 22–27, 1989. The section was recently established to develop standards for mapping and GIS for ASTM publication. ASTM standards are voluntary full consensus standards, normally accepted by all sectors having an interest in the subject area and, when adopted, can become a basis for commercial and regulatory actions. Six presentations were given at the session followed by a discussion on mapping and GIS standards.
Interactive control of three dimensional viewing

Many visualization and teleconferencing applications can be enhanced if the user can control the viewpoint of either a single three dimensional perspective projection or a pair of projections presented with stereo viewing capability. This work explores the possibility of implementing this control by synthesizing the desired views from an array of fixed cameras rather than remotely controlling a camera. Computational requirements are considered for general purpose platforms and platforms with special purpose processors or parallel implementations.
How Can We Further Optimize the Invasive Evaluation of Coronary Physiology

There has been growing interest in and use of wire-based methods for measuring various indexes of coronary physiology to provide information beyond the coronary angiogram regarding the functional significance of coronary artery disease. In particular, fractional flow reserve (FFR) has become the
Detection of ovulation.

None of the many methods to detect ovulation is infallible or entirely satisfactory; a reliable, consistently accurate, simple technic is urgently needed.It is not possible to claim definite preference for one method, as so much depends on available facilities, experience, and diligence of application, but the author has found the serial vaginal smear to be the most valuable and accurate technic.
Towards an Inclusive Framework to Assess Human Rights in Tourism: A Review of Major Stakeholder Perspectives

The present paper is an attempt to integrate the concept of human rights into the mainstream tourism discourse. In the name of development, human rights are often neglected while there are definite long-term advantages to be gained by actively promoting it. The paper examines the human rights perspectives of the major stakeholder groups in tourism to finally arrive at a comprehensive picture. Implications of some of the general principles and proclaimed guidelines of human rights for tourism are discussed. It is concluded that sustainable development of tourism is not possible until human rights as a relevant category is recognized by all the stakeholders. In addition, a case study is provided as an account to make the readers understand the ways in which tourism practice can potentially violate the human rights of a destination community.
Financial Sector Reforms and Bank Efficiency in Developing Countries: Lessons from India

In 1991, decades of government stranglehold on the economy gave way to liberalization and reforms in India. Financial sector reforms played a major part in this push towards a more market oriented economy. Based on the recommendations of the first Narasimham Committee, the Reserve Bank of India sought to create a more efficient and reliable banking system by implementing a three pronged strategy that involved (a) deregulation (b) competition and (c) reliability. The primary focus of this paper therefore is to study the extent to which the "three pillars" that support the financial reforms have affected bank performance. Specifically, we address two questions: have banks become more efficient and productive after the reforms, and which strategies have had the greatest impact? We find evidence that the liberalization process has had a significant impact on some bank performance measures. Preliminary results suggest: (a) the increase in competition after deregulation has had a positive impact on most measures of performance and productivity, (b) public sector banks have gained as much as private banks though there is no difference between the two sectors if we include the dominant State Banks of India, (c) improved private sector profitability has taken the form of new banks expanding output as opposed to established banks reducing costs, and (d) non performing loans have a consistently significant and negative impact on profitability.
Experimental Comparison of Infrared Surface Texturing Using a Diode-Pumped Laser and Fiber Laser

Surface texturing of a micron dimensioned sinusoidal topology is generated on Aluminum 6111 thin film by comparing a diode-pumped solid state laser and a pulsed fiber laser in the 1064 wavelength experimentally.
Design Strategies To Improve the Sensitivity of Photoactive Metal Carbonyl Complexes (photoCORMs) to Visible Light and Their Potential as CO-Donors to Biological Targets

ConspectusThe recent surprising discovery of the beneficial effects of carbon monoxide (CO) in mammalian physiology has drawn attention toward site-specific delivery of CO to biological targets. To avoid difficulties in handling of this noxious gas in hospital settings, researchers have focused their attention on metal carbonyl complexes as CO-releasing molecules (CORMs). Because further control of such CO delivery through light-triggering can be achieved with photoactive metal carbonyl complexes (photoCORMs), we and other groups have attempted to isolate such complexes in the past few years.Typical metal carbonyl complexes release CO when exposed to UV light, a fact that often deters their use in biological systems. From the very beginning, our effort therefore was directed toward identifying design principles that could lead to photoCORMs that release CO upon illumination with low-power (5–15 mW/cm2) visible and near-IR light. In our work, we have utilized Mn(I), Re(I), and Ru(II) centers (all d6 ground...
Report of a Case in which the Fusiform Bacillus was Isolated from the Blood Stream

cases of angina. Two years previous to the work of Vincent, Plant2 reported five cases of angina caused by "Miller's bacillus," which was apparently the same organism as that described by Vincent. The organism is frequently referred to in the German literature as the Plant-Vincent bacillus, while to the French and English writers it is known as the bacillus of Vincent or B. fusiformis. The earlier investigators were unsuccessful in their attempts to isolate the fusiform bacillus, and hence only certain morphological characters of the organism could be studied. Abel3 was probably the first to cultivate this organism in the laboratory. He succeeded in growing B. fusiformis in a mixed culture with an unidentified diplococcus; after the second transplant, however, the fusiform bacillus was lost and further attempts to cultivate the organism were unfruitful.
The capacity of MTD method for distinguishing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculosis mycobacteria

Objective To evaluate the capacity of MTD method to distinguish between Myeobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculosis mycobacteria.Methods Ten standard strains(including 1 H_(37)Rv strain and 9 nontuberculosis mycobacteria strains),94 clinical strains(including 48 Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 46 nontuberculosis mycobaeteria strains)and 40 sputum specimens were tested by MTD method(AMPLIFIED-MTI))and traditional methods.The results of these methods were compared.Results For all Myeobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculosis mycobacteria strains,the agreement of MTD method and traditional method was 100%.And the positive detectable rate for sputum samples was 65% that was obviously higher than that for the direct smear(5/40),concentration smear(10/ 40)or culture(5/40).Conclusion MTD is a rapid test for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculosis mycobaeteria with high sensitivity and specificity.
On the Use of Data Mining Techniques to Build High-Density, Additively-Manufactured Parts

The determination of process parameters to build additively-manufactured parts with desired properties remains a challenge, especially as we move from machine to machine or process new materials. In this chapter, we show how we can combine simple simulations and experiments to iteratively constrain the design space of parameters, and quickly and efficiently identify parameters to create parts with \(>\)99 % density. Our approach is based on techniques from statistics and data mining, including design of physical and computational experiments, feature selection to identify important variables, and data-driven predictive models that can act as surrogates for the simulations.
Book review: The Logical Foundations of Artificial Intelligence. by Michael R. Genesereth and Nils Nilsson (Morgan Kaufmann 1987)

This book is an updated version of the author's Ph.D. dissertation[1]. In this book, the author presents an abstract model for parallel execution of logic programs and attempts to define a framework for implementing parallel interpreters. The author describes the research in three layers of abstraction: theory, operation, and implementation. At the theory level, the author discusses syntax, semantics, and control strategies for logic programming and Prolog. For the operation level, the author presents his AND/OR Process Model and an updated survey of related work. For the implementation level, he describes implementation techniques for interpreters based on the specification of the abstract model. The book is divided into seven chapters as follows:
Thermalization and Thermal Transport in Molecules

The nature and rate of thermal transport through molecular junctions depend on the length over which thermalization occurs. For junctions formed by alkane chains, in which thermalization occurs only slowly, measurements reveal that thermal resistance is controlled by bonding with the substrates, whereas fluorination can introduce thermal resistance within the molecules themselves, although the mechanism remains unclear. Here we present results of quantum-mechanical calculations of elastic and inelastic scattering rates, the length over which thermalization occurs, and thermal conductance in alkane and perfluoroalkane junctions. The contribution to thermalization of quantum effects that give rise to many-body localization (MBL) in isolated molecules is examined. While MBL does not occur due to dephasing, thermalization is typically too slow to establish local temperature if the same molecule in isolation exhibits MBL. The results indicate limitations on the applicability of classical molecular simulations ...
Search for composite fermions at filling factor 5/2: Role of Landau level and subband index

The pairing of composite fermions (CFs), i.e., electron-flux quasiparticles, is commonly proposed to explain the even-denominator fractional quantum Hall state observed at $\ensuremath{\nu}=5/2$ in the first excited $(N=1)$ Landau level (LL) of a two-dimensional electron system (2DES). While well established to exist in the lowest $(N=0)$ LL, much is unknown about CFs in the $N=1$ LL. Here we carry out geometric resonance measurements to detect CFs at $\ensuremath{\nu}=5/2$ by subjecting the 2DES to a one-dimensional density modulation. Our data, taken at a temperature of 0.3 K, reveal no geometric resonances for CFs in the $N=1$ LL. In stark contrast, we observe clear signatures of such resonances when $\ensuremath{\nu}=5/2$ is placed in the $N=0$ LL of the antisymmetric subband by varying the 2DES width. This finding implies that the CFs' mean free path is significantly smaller in the $N=1$ LL compared to the $N=0$ LL. Our additional data as a function of in-plane magnetic field highlight the role of subband index and establish that CFs at $\ensuremath{\nu}=5/2$ in the $N=0$ LL are more anisotropic in the symmetric subband than in the antisymmetric subband.