cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of lifting and lowering velocities while using a patient lift for transfer during nursing care

Abstract Using a patient lift to assist in transfer can alleviate physical burden and reduce the risk of lower back disorders. However, it requires more time than applying manual transfer techniques, often resulting in caregivers opting out of its use. This study used two experiments to examine the lifting and lowering velocities experienced by caregivers and residents when using a patient lift during nursing care. In experiment 1, the usability, subjective assessment of velocity, heart rate (HR), electromyography (EMG), working time, and so on were measured at eight lift velocities (ranging from 0.01 to 0.15 m/s in 0.02 m/s intervals) during the transfer task of 10 female students in a laboratory. In experiment 2, the same measured parameters as in experiment 1 except for HR and EMG were measured at four lift velocities (ranging from 0.03 to 0.09 m/s in 0.02 m/s intervals) during the transfer task of six elderly residents by 12 caregivers at an elderly care facility. The residents and caregivers rated 0.05–0.09 m/s as appropriate velocities in both experiments. Specifically, the best velocities for lowering the lift without the resident, lifting with the resident, and lowering were 0.07–0.09 m/s, 0.05–0.07 m/s, and 0.05 m/s, respectively. We conclude that the studied velocities are appropriate when the lift is used by caregivers at an elderly care facility. Since the appropriate velocity is different for each transfer subtask, we suggest that manufacturers should program suitable velocities into lifts according to the subtasks deemed important by the caregivers.
Stem Cells, Plasticity, and Regeneration

This chapter discusses various types of stem cells and their role in the regeneration process. In most cases, adult stem cells are best defined by the cell types that they can produce, rather than by intrinsic properties of the cells themselves. Adult stem cells, although quiescent for long periods, must be able to enter the cell cycle when stimulated. Expansion of a stem-cell population is triggered by external events, which are often topographically removed from the stem cells themselves. Stem cells are often long lived, and they must be protected from DNA damage, which means that they must possess a functional system for DNA repair. Another important but poorly understood property is translocation. The final progeny of most stem cells mature and settle down in a location other than that of the original stem cell, but what causes them to translocate and how they do it are, for the most part, unknown. Stem-cell progeny are known to populate a wide variety of human tissues and organs.
Social manipulation of online recommender systems

Online recommender systems are a common target of attack. Existing research has focused on automated manipulation of recommender systems through the creation of shill accounts, and either do not consider attacks by coalitions of real users, downplay the impact of such attacks, or state that such attacks are difficult to impossible to detect. In this study, we examine a recommender system that is part of an online social network, show that users successfully induced other users to manipulate their recommendations, that these manipulations were effective, and that most such manipulations are detectable even when performed by ordinary, non-automated users.
Bounds on the spectral radius of a Hadamard product of nonnegative or positive semidefinite matrices

X. Zhan has conjectured that the spectral radius of the Hadamard product of two square nonnegative matrices is not greater than the spectral radius of their ordinary product. We prove Zhan's conjecture, and a related inequality for positive semidefinite matrices, using standard facts about principal submatrices, Kronecker products, and the spectral radius.
Gene action at the werner helicase locus: its role in the pathobiology of aging

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses an approach used to determine the extent to which aberrations in DNA metabolism might form the basis for various human progeroid syndromes. It provides a review of the present status of the knowledge of what is the most striking of the segmental progeroid syndromes—a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder known as the “Werner syndrome.” There has been steady progress toward the elucidation of structure and function of the WS locus Werner (WRN). It is clear that the WRN gene product (WRNp) has both helicase and exonuclease functions. There is also evidence that null mutations of WRN are responsible for classical forms of WRNs. WRN is expressed during fetal development despite the fact that many symptoms of WRNs begin after puberty. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western analysis of human aortic tissues ranging from 49 days of gestation to a 91-year-old adult showed large variations of the WRN expression levels, even within the same individual. The possible roles of such variations in physiology and pathophysiology should be investigated. There are several possible mechanisms by which defects of WRNp might affect multiple areas of DNA metabolism. First, WRNp or a WRNp complex may play a role in an intermediate step common to different DNA transactions. Second, different sets of functional domains of WRNp might be utilized in different steps of DNA metabolism.
Grammatical Inference and Language Frameworks for LANGSEC

Formal Language Theory for Security (LANGSEC) has proposed that formal language theory and grammars be used to define and secure protocols and parsers. The assumption is that by restricting languages to lower levels of the Chomsky hierarchy, it is easier to control and verify parser code. In this paper, we investigate an alternative approach to inferring grammars via pattern languages and elementary formal system frameworks. We summarize inferability results for subclasses of both frameworks and discuss how they map to the Chomsky hierarchy. Finally, we present initial results of pattern language learning on logged HTTP sessions and suggest future areas of research.
The equilibrium ensemble of conformational states in staphylococcal nuclease

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the basic statistical thermodynamic formalism required to interpret hydrogen exchange protection factors. The agreement between predicted and experimental hydrogen exchange protection factors for staphylococcal nuclease (SNase) and other proteins suggests that the probability distribution of partially folded states generated with the COREX algorithm mimics the general features of the ensemble of conformations under native conditions and that this approach can be used to examine general aspects of the equilibrium ensemble of partially folded states. It has also been shown that this approach accounts for the cooperativity of folding/unfolding transitions and successfully predicts the apparent two-state behavior observed in temperature and denaturant induced folding/unfolding reactions. The folding/unfolding equilibrium of proteins as observed by global macroscopic observables can be usually described by simple models, including two, three, or at most a few conformational states. The situation is different when the equilibrium is studied by physical observables that monitor the behavior of individual residues. It is possible for some residues to exhibit high stability constants or protection factors and simultaneously m values close to zero. This behavior should be contrasted with that expected for the logarithm of a two-state equilibrium constant that should be linear with denaturant concentration.
Do Audits Matter?: A Parallax Theory of the Relation between Tax Enforcement and Underreporting

Do audits affect individual tax compliance? This question is not new and multiple answers have been attempted over the past four decades. Those who have made such attempts have suffered from the impediment of an inability to test their theories against known, or even approximated, rates of underreporting on individual income tax returns. The first part of this paper develops a method for approximating the underreporting rate for individual income tax returns, since no such method currently exists. The second part uses this method to take a stab at answering the question whether audits affect tax underreporting rates.
Romano-British Mosaics

Abstract Mosaic floors have been excavated throughout the countries which were part of the Roman Empire. While Romano-British mosaics are the primary topic, references to closely related subjects are included. The sources in this bibliography are chosen to give the reader an understanding of Romano-British mosaics, including the artistic, social and political influences and purposes for their creation. This bibliography presents print and electronic sources for readers ranging in interest levels including the casual tourist to the serious researcher.
Risk factors associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction in horses undergoing elective procedures under general anaesthesia

SummaryReasons for performing study Gastrointestinal dysfunction occurs commonly following elective anaesthesia. Identification of risk factors may allow implementation of preventative measures to reduce the prevalence of colic following elective anaesthetic procedures. Objectives To examine risk factors associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction or post anaesthetic colic for horses undergoing elective surgical or diagnostic procedures under general anaesthesia. Study design Retrospective case series. Methods Medical records were collected from adult horses undergoing general anaesthesia from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2010 using a retrospective cohort design. Potential risk factors were examined using univariable logistic regression with a limit of a P<0.25. Through backward elimination, the final multivariate model was created to identify variables significantly associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction. Results Colic or delayed faecal output was reported in 36 out of 416 (8.7%) horses undergoing general anaesthesia in the study period. In the final multivariable model, horse breed (P = 0.05), intraoperative peripheral blood lactate (P = 0.02), right lateral recumbency during general anaesthesia (P = 0.04), post anaesthetic rectal temperature (P = 0.03) and hours to first passage of faeces (P<0.01) were statistically significant between horses that exhibited colic compared with those that did not. Arabians were more likely to develop colic compared with other horse breeds (4/13, 30.8%). Horses that exhibited gastrointestinal dysfunction passed faeces later than those that did not (7.2 ± 0.8 h and 5.4 ± 0.2 h, respectively). As blood lactate increased at the end of anaesthesia, the odds of colic occurring also increased (odds ratio:1.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.83, P = 0.02). Conclusions This study demonstrated the prevalence of colic in horses undergoing elective general anaesthetic procedures in our hospital population. Arabian horses, increasing blood lactate and delayed passage of faeces were significantly associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal dysfunction.
Justice in old age: An analysis of corporatist social theory

It is sometimes argued that a tacit contract exists between the generations in industrial society that requires that the present structure of Social Security benefits not be altered in any way that would serve to diminish the present benefit levels. The demands of social justice, it is thought, require that Western societies maintain their commitments to Social Security programs, especially to those programs of the type administered in the United States. This paper examines questions of justice pertaining to the aged in contemporary society. It is argued here that the demands of justice pertain not only to the satisfaction of basic needs for subsistence but also to the satisfaction of the need for self-realization. The commitment of capitalist nations like the U.S. to social justice for the aged is analyzed using a theory of justice that is based on Durkheim's political writings on corporatism and the “solidarist” theory of the Catholic social movement. The corporatist theory of justice would require that public pension systems like Social Security be revised to provide more adequately for the social needs of the working-class aged.
Determination of latex particle size by light scattering. V. Polarization ratio at 90

Abstract Unpolarized incident light was used to determine the polarization ratio, ρ u , for a series of polystyrene and butadienestyrene latices. The experimentally observed ρ u 'S were found to differ appreciably from those predicted by Mie theory. The discrepancy is shown to be due to inherent anisotropy of the latex particles, and this conclusion is confirmed by a study of the polarization ratios with vertically and horizontally polarized incident light. This presence of anisotropy makes uncertain the determination of the particle size of latex from ρ u measurements at 90° by use of Mie theory. Since latex particles are spherical, the anisotropy is believed to arise from nonrandom orientation of polymer chains in the colloidal latex particles.
The ineffectiveness of carbazochrome salicylate (adrenosem) in the reduction of surgical bleeding.

Abstract The loss of blood was measured in fifty-three patients who underwent multiple extractions and alveoloplasty under general anesthesia. No local anesthetic was employed in any case. Of the fifty-three patients, twenty-six were prepared preoperatively by the intramuscular injection of 5 mg. of carbazochrome (Adrenosem) salicylate one and one-half to two hours prior to the operation. The remaining twenty-seven patients served as a control group. When operations of equal extent and severity were compared, it was found that no effective benefit in reduction of loss of blood at operation was noted in the patients treated with carbazochrome salicylate.
Reliability evaluation methodology for chip-package interaction - die corner edge failure mechanism

A novel reliability qualification methodology to evaluate chip-package interaction (CPI) is presented. Experimental and finite element analysis results are combined in a new protocol that provides solutions to address the need of CPI test vehicles for pre-qualification purposes, more accurate CPI risk projection, and more flexibility for productization.
Resonance excitation of spiral density waves in a gaseous disk. I. A linear theory

The wave propagation in a gaseous disk which is self-gravitating and viscous is studied. Waves are generated by an external disturbance and are maintained in motion among forces due to rotation, self-gravity, and pressure. A linear theory is developed for the general case in which all factors are taken into account. The general solution can be applied to the photostellar disk of the solar nebula and the circumstellar disk of a binary in which the effects of self-gravity and pressure are equally important. The theory confirms in great detail that a long wave is excited at one of the Lindblad resonances gravitationally by the external periodic potential, propagates toward the corotation, is reflected before reaching there at the Q-barrier, and finally propagates in the reverse direction toward and past the Lindblad resonance as a short wave.
Oil filtration in automotive engines

1. The efficiency of oil cleaning in automotive engines to remove contaminants depends both on the type of cleaner and on the dispersancy of the oil. 2. With low-dispersancy oils, the use of a centrifuge results in a greater amount of contaminants in the oil than does the use of fine filters; with high-dispersancy (additive) oils, the reverse is true. 3. Prolonged efficient operation of a full-flow fine filter is possible only when using oils with dispersant additives. 4. The reduction in operating efficiency of DASFO filters on additive oils is caused by the rapid plugging of the cartridge filter elements.
Short-chain fatty acids have polarized effects on sodium transport and intracellular pH in rabbit proximal colon

Abstract Background & Aims: Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) stimulate colonic Na + absorption, presumably by acidification of colonocytes and activation of apical Na + /H + exchangers. It is unclear whether this effect depends on SCFA gradients across the colonic epithelium, and, if so, why. The aim of this study was to determine (1) whether SCFAs added unilaterally to either the apical or basolateral border of the cell have similar effects on intracellular pH (pH i ); (2) whether SCFA gradients alter Na + transport and; (3) what regulatory factors are involved in gradient-induced Na + transport. Methods: pH i was measured in intact epithelial rabbit proximal colon using the pH-sensitive indicator 2',7'-bis(carboxyethyl)-5-(6)-carboxyfluorescein, and Na + transport was measured under short-circuit conditions. Results: Apical and basolateral SCFAs had equivalent effects on decreasing pH i , but the recovery toward baseline was more vigorous after apical SCFAs. Gradients of both propionate and lactate (50 mmol/L [mucosal], 0 mmol/L [serosal]) stimulated electroneutral Na + absorption, which was inhibited by bicarbonate, mucosal 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid, and Cl − removal. However, it was not blocked by amiloride. The differential response to a series of pharmacological agents showed that gradient-stimulated transport is distinct from epinephrine-stimulated electroneutral Na + absorption. Conclusions: A physiological gradient of SCFAs across the colonic epithelium elicits polarized effects on both pH i and Na + absorption that may be important determinants of colonic fluid transport. GASTROENTEROLOGY 1998;114:737-747
First-principles study of the structural properties of alkali metals

The structural properties of lithium, sodium, and potassium are studied with use of an ab initio pseudopotential method to calculate the total energies of these systems as a function of volume. The results show very small energy differences between the bcc, fcc, and hcp phases in these materials in good agreement with the measured crystal structures for all three metals. The lattice constants are computed to within 2% of experiment except for sodium where the calculation gives a lattice constant 3% smaller than experiment.
Tumor-specific targeting of an anticancer drug delivery system by LHRH peptide

The central problem in cancer chemotherapy is the severe toxic side effects of anticancer drugs on healthy tissues. Invariably the side effects impose dose reduction, treatment delay, or discontinuance of therapy. To limit the adverse side effects of cancer chemotherapy on healthy organs, we proposed a drug delivery system (DDS) with specific targeting ligands for cancer cells. The proposed DDS minimizes the uptake of the drug by normal cells and enhances the influx and retention of the drug in cancer cells. This delivery system includes three main components: (i) an apoptosis-inducing agent (anticancer drug), (ii) a targeting moiety-penetration enhancer, and (iii) a carrier. We describe one of the variants of such a system, which utilizes camptothecin as an apoptosis-inducing agent and poly(ethylene glycol) as a carrier. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was used as a targeting moiety (ligand) to LHRH receptors that are overexpressed in the plasma membrane of several types of cancer cells and are not expressed detectably in normal visceral organs. The results showed that the use of LHRH peptide as a targeting moiety in the anticancer DDS substantially enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy, led to amplified apoptosis induction in the tumor, and minimized the side effects of the anticancer drug on healthy organs. The LHRH receptor targeting DDS did not show in vivo pituitary toxicity and did not significantly influence the time course or the plasma concentration of luteinizing hormone and its physiological effects on the reproductive functions of mice.
Serving the mental health needs of families with children under three: A comprehensive program

This paper describes a pregnancy and infant/parent program that was developed to provide comprehensive mental health services to families with children under 3 years of age. Because either the infant or parent can be the identified patient, we are able to treat families who define their problems in a variety of ways. The program has four basic premises: (1) the mental health of all family members should be addressed, (2) treatment of family members should be provided with minimum fragmentation of services, (3) the treatment plan must be individualized for each family, and (4) modes of therapy must be changed as the needs of the family change over time. This paper presents the rationale and techniques necessary for integrated services to families with children under 3 years of age. Two cases are presented: one with the infant as the identified patient, and one with the mother as the identified patient. Cet article decrit un programme grossesse et enfadparent developpe pour offrir des services complets en matiere de medecine mentale a des familles ayant des enfants de moins de trois ans. Puisque l'enfant ou le parent peuvent tout aussi bien ětre le patient identifie, nous avons pu traiter des familles qui definissent leurs problemes de facons tres variees. Le programme part de quatre hypotheses fondamen-tales: 1) il faut aborder la sante mentale de tous les membres de la famille, 2) on devrait traiter les mem-bres de la famille avec une fragmentation de services minimum, 3) le traitement doit ětre individualise pour chaque famille, et 4) les modes de theapie doivent ětre changes a mesure que les besoins de la famille evoluent avec le temps. Cet article presente le raisonnement et les techniques necessaires pour offrir des services integres a des familles ayant des enfants de moins de trois ans. Deux etudes de cas sont presentees: l'une avec un enfant en tant que patient identifie et l'autre avec une mere en tant que patiente identifiee.
'Hop the skip' with extended segment intestinal biopsy in Hirschsprung's disease.

INTRODUCTION Skip segment Hirschsprung's is an extremely rare condition, with only 25 reported cases in the English language literature. Diagnosis of skip segment Hirschsprung's may be missed as it is rarely suspected at initial surgery.
The Thinking Man's Cell

In the Preface of his book, Bray insists his work is not about single cells possessing consciousness. “I say repeatedly in the book as clearly as English words will allow that in my opinion single cells are not sentient or aware in the same way that we are,” he writes (p. ix). The key part of this claim, however, is the clause “in the same way that we are.” Bray is not equating cellular and human cognition. However, he is up to something profound and perhaps slightly sneaky. Rather than place consciousness on a pedestal that only humans can reach, Bray seeks to define it along a continuum of systems and states.
Lamellar silica mesostructures assembled from a new class of Gemini surfactants: alkyloxypropyl-1,3-diaminopropanes

Representative members of a new class of commercially available Gemini surfactants, namely, the alkyloxypropyl-1,3-diaminopropanes, are shown to template the direct assembly of mesoporous silicas with lamellar framework structures. The hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate in the presence of a derivative with a straight hydrophobic chain, C n H2n+1O(CH2)3NH(CH2)3NH2 with n = 8 and 10 (Tomah3 DA1214), afforded a layered mesophase with a surface area of 464 m2/g, a pore volume of 0.39 cm3/g, a pore size of 3.6 nm and a vesicular hierarchical structure. The introduction of electrostatic forces into the assembly process through the protonation of up to 33% of the amine centers improves the quality of the lamellar framework order as evidenced by increases in X-ray diffraction and textural properties. Also, the vesicular hierarchical structure formed under electrically neutral assembly conditions is replaced by well dispersed multilamellar nanoparticles upon surfactant protonation. Chain branching in the hydrophobic segment of Gemini derivative i-C10H21O(CH2)3NH(CH2)3NH2 (Tomah3 DA14) compromises the quality of the lamellar framework structure, but affords higly dispersed nanoparticles with hierarchical coiled slab to vesicular motifs depending on the degree of surfactant protonation. In addition to providing unusual lamellar framework structures, these Gemini surfactants afford hierarchical nanoparticle motifs of relatively uniform size (50–200 nm) and a very high degree of dispersion for a potential use in a variety of materials applications. Commercially available Gemini surfactants based on alkyloxypropyl-1,3-diaminopropanes template the direct assembly of mesoporous silicas with lamellar framework structures.
Interactions between adsorbed molecules

Abstract We review recent work aimed at measuring and understanding interactions between adsorbed atoms and molecules separated by a few surface unit cells. At these distances, poorly understood phenomena associated with substrate mediation play a major role in determining both the sign and the magnitude of the lateral interactions. Our limited fundamental understanding of such interactions leads to limited predictive power in a broad range of important surface kinetic and thermodynamic phenomena, ranging from kinetic compensation to ensemble effects in catalytic reactions.
Unique continuation for schrodinger operators with singular potentials

It is shown in this paper that the Schrodinger operator with a potential satisfying ∣V(x)∣ ≤ M/∣x∣2a.e. in the unit ball B has the strong unique continuation property in H2,2(B) for for n≥2.
Application of Finite Element Methods to the Design of Prestressed Tooling

The finite element method (FEM) was used to calculate stresses and deformations in metalworking tooling. This procedure provides a tool designer with an accurate method to specify the shape of tooling for a net shape forming operation. This method includes effects that the classical design procedure, based on thick wall cylinder theory, does not include.
Self-trapping of planar optical beams by use of the photorefractive effect in InP:Fe

We demonstrate what we believe to be the first experimental observation of self-trapping and self-deflection of a planar optical beam by the photorefractive effect in a semiconductor. The semiconductor material is indium phosphide doped with iron. We show that the observed focusing and defocusing effects follow the component of the two-wave-mixing space charge field that is in phase with the intensity pattern, whereas the spatial beam deflection effects follow the 90°-shifted component.
Alterations in uterine and placental prostaglandin F and E with gestational age in the rat

Experiments were designed to determine the chronological alterations in placental and uterine prostaglandin F and E (PGF and PGE) during pregnancy in the rat. Pregnant rats (sperm in the vagina = day 0) were sacrified at days 15, 18,19, 20, 21 and delivery (day 21 12) and placental and uterine tissues assayed (RIA) for PGF and PGE immediately (“in vivo”) or after 1 hour incubation (“in vitro”). Uterine content of PGF and PGE in vivo (ng PG/mg DNA) was increased significantly by day 19 and further increases were seen through delivery. Incubation of uterine tissue resulted in enhanced net production of PGF and PGE (p <.05) per mg DNA (as judged by tissue content and release into the incubation medium) by day 18 of pregnancy vs. day 15. Net production in vitro peaked around the time of delivery thus paralleling the alterations in tissue content in vivo. By contrast, no differences with gestational age were found in placental content of PGF and PGE in vivo, the concentrations throughout late gestation remaining in the range of uterine PGs at day 15. However, production of PGs per mg placental DNA increased markedly during incubation in vitro with significant enhancement detected by day 19 vs. 15, achieving levels even greater than the uterus in vitro. The in vivo and in vitro findings for the uterus are consistent with the hypothesis that increases in uterine PGs levels at the end of pregnancy may play an important role in parturition. The in vitro experiences with placental tissue suggest that the potential for PG production per placental cell may also increase in late gestation and thereby contribute to the augmented intrauterine availability of PGs at that time.
Characteristics of Multitube Multishroud Supersonic Jet Noise Suppressor

A supersonic jet noise suppressor with 191 tubes and 191 hexagonal shrouds was investigated at jet Mach numbers of 1.4 and 0.71. Flow and acoustic data were obtained for the plain jet and various suppressor configurations. With 191 tubes the sonic location was decreased from 19 in. for an equivalent iT^-in.-diam. jet to approximately 1 in. The jets coalesced at approximately 1^ in. and the Mach number was 0.73, with an over-all sound power level reduction of 15.2 db from the plain jet and a thrust loss of 10.2%. By adding 6.0-in. multishrouds to the tubes, the over-all sound power level reduction was 20.4 db. The impact pressure fluctuations decreased as x~2 downstream of the peak location for all configurations. The calculated thrust loss for the tubes and 6 in. multishrouds was 20.8% and the measured loss was 26.7%. Multitubes with the 6.0 in. multishrouds decreased the sound power level by 9.4 db for a Mach 0.71 jet.
Multi-Input, Multi-Output, Band-Limited Transducer Selection for Disturbance Rejection

variables with a mean of zero and standard deviation of 3 rad/s. A sample size of 50 simulations was used in computing impact point dispersion statistics. Figures 2 and 3 show the Monte Carlo simulation impact points for the baseline rigid and gimbal nose projectile con gurationsat a range of 1 and 3 km, respectively.In both charts, the circles correspond to a region such that 66% of the shot impacts fallwithin the circle.The largedashedcircle correspondsto the rigid projectile whereas the small solid circle corresponds to the gimbal nose con guration. The dispersion circle radii for the rigid projectile at 1 and 3 km is 1.1 and 3.3 m whereas the dispersion circle radii for the gimbal nose projectile at 1 and 3 km is 0.5 and 1.4 m, respectively.Notice that the mean impact point of the two projectile con gurations is different. The ratio of the dispersion circle radius for the gimbal nose to rigid projectile con guration is 0.43 and is independent of range. Thus, for the example penetrator projectile equippedwith a gimbal nose, dispersionat any rangecan be reduced by a factor of 0.43.
The slimmest arrangements of hyperplanes: II. Basepointed geometric lattices and Euclidean arrangements

We calculate the minimum numbers of k -dimensional flats and cells of any Euclidean d -arrangement of n hyperplanes. The bounds are obtained by calculating lower bounds for the values of the doubly indexed Whitney numbers of a basepointed geometric lattice of rank r with n points. Additional geometric results concern the minimum number of cells of a Euclidean or projective arrangement met by a subspace in general position and the minimum number of non-Radon partitions of a Euclidean point set. We include remarks on the relationship between Euclidean arrangements and basepointed geometric lattices and on the minimum numbers of cells of arrangements with a bounded region.
Syntheses and radiosyntheses of two carbon-11 labeled potent and selective radioligands for imaging vesicular acetylcholine transporter.

Purpose The vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) is a specific biomarker for imaging presynaptic cholinergic neurons. The syntheses and C-11 labeling of two potent enantiopure VAChT inhibitors are reported here.
Growth of Turkeys. I. Influence of Strain, Sex, and Ration

Abstract STRAIN differences in mature weight and rate of growth are well known in chickens (Lerner and Asmundson, 1938, and others reviewed by Lerner, 1937). Existence of differences in the size and rate of growth in different varieties of turkeys are also indicated by the reports of Funk (1930) and others. Jaap (1938) has also reported sex and varietal differences in body weight and live measurements of turkeys. Most turkeys are marketed at six to eight months of age, although increases in body weight continue until 44 to 48 weeks of age (Asmundson and Jukes, 1939, p. 8). Since little is known about the growth of the muscles and skeleton of turkeys to market age an investigation was started to determine the factors influencing growth in the turkey. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two strains of Bronze turkeys were selected for this work, one considerably inbred and of medium size, designated strain A, . . .
Regurgitation Rates of Intragastric Radio Transmitters by Adult Chinook Salmon and Steelhead during Upstream Migration in the Columbia and Snake Rivers

Abstract Regurgitation rates for radio tags gastrically implanted into adult salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and steelhead O. mykiss are difficult to estimate in the wild because most fish are never recaptured to allow inspection of secondary tags. During 1996–2000, 9,006 Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha and steelhead with both radio tags and secondary tags were released near Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River (Washington–Oregon), and 1,764 fish were recaptured in mid-migration 460 km upstream on the lower Snake River. Minimum annual regurgitation rates ranged from 0.4% to 10.9% for spring–summer Chinook salmon (pooled rate = 3.0%; n = 838), from 3.5% to 4.3% for steelhead (pooled rate = 4.0%; n = 881), and from 0% to 5.6% for fall Chinook salmon (pooled rate = 2.2%; n = 45). Fish that lost transmitters retained them a median of 7 d (average = 14.1 d) before regurgitation, and a majority of losses occurred in the lower Columbia River. Transmitter retention was improved by placing rubber bands or a ring of surgica...
Application of a multiobjective electric power production costing model to the U.S. acid rain problem

Abstract In this paper a new methodology for state- and utility-level analysis of the cost and regional economic impacts of strategies for lowering utility SO 2 emissions is discussed and applied to the state of Ohio. The methodology is based upon probabilistic production costing and economic input-output analysis. The model considers the entire range of potential control strategies from a systems perspective and develops trade-off curves between the costs of electricity and the production of SO 2 emissions. This approach to the U.S. acid rain problem focuses on utility planning, coal-field employment, and economic impact assessment of proposed U.S. Congressional legislation. The paper initially reviews uncertainties involved in evaluating acid rain control programs and discusses modeling techniques that have been used in the past. Five specific aspects of the Bush Administration 's proposed amendments to the U.S. Clean Air Act are investigated: hardware retrofits, energy conservation, industrial sources of SO 2 , credits for NO x reductions, and emissions banking. The paper concludes with an example of a non-inferior set generated by the model.
Short persistence of Trichomonas vaginalis in reinfected immune mice.

SummaryIn mice immunized by intramuscular infection with live T. vaginalis the parasites of a homologous reinfection were found to survive in the tissue of the host for 4 hours. At later intervals from 8 hours to 10 days after the reinfection. viable parasites could no longer be recovered by culture from the majority of animals.
Black Eye: The Ethics of CBS News and the National Guard Documents

This case study applies ethics theories and codes to the mainstream news media's response to the CBS News-National Guard forged documents fiasco of 2004. It finds that 177 newspaper editorials applied truth telling, accountability, independence, and stewardship principles in their criticism of CBS, but only in a limited way. While the editorials dealt well with the specific issues of the case, they missed an opportunity to discuss the broader ethical principles involved.
Accumulation of single-stranded regions in DNA and the block to replication in a human cell line alkylated with methyl methane sulfonate.

Abstract DNA synthesized by cells from a human carcinoma of the larynx (HEp.2 cells) contains regions of single strandedness as judged by chromatography with benzoylated naphthoylated DEAE-cellulose and sensitivity to single-strand specific nucleases. DNAss † is observed after 10 or 30-minute labeling periods and the label becomes associated with native DNA after further incubation. Hydroxyurea induces an increase in the proportion of DNAss and this increase is correlated with the inhibition of DNA synthesis. There is a dose-dependent increase in the proportion of DNAss synthesized by HEp.2 cells after alkylation with MMS. Addition of hydroxyurea prevents the conversion of DNAss into native DNA in both control and alkylated cells. Single-stranded regions are found in parental DNA and the total extent of single strandedness is greater in parental than in daughter DNA. The amount, as opposed to the proportion, of single strandedness is only slightly greater in alkylated than in control cultures. DNA synthesized eight hours after treatment with MMS has the same proportion of DNAss as the control. Repair synthesis can be measured as the MMS-induced incorporation of thymidine in the presence of hydroxyurea. An MMS-induced increase in thymidine incorporation in the caffeine eluate from BND-cellulose indicates repair synthesis in DNAss. We interpret these data as follows: (a) the single-stranded regions are normal intermediates, which occur transiently at the growing point as a result of discontinuous DNA synthesis; (b) fragments of daughter DNA become single stranded as a result of strand displacement; (c) the growing point is held up by the alkylation lesion; (d) repair synthesis in the growing point region removes the alkylation lesion and permits DNA synthesis to continue.
Effects of experimentally induced chronic hyperprolactinemia on the ultrastructure of pinealocytes in male rats

The influence on the ultrastructure of pinealocytes of long-term hyperprolactinemia caused by ectopic pituitary transplants and of suppression of prolactin release by bromocriptine was examined morphometrically in male rats. Hyperprolactinemia resulted in an increase in the relative volumes of granular endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles containing a flocculent material, mitochondria, and lipid droplets. Treatment of grafted rats with bromocriptine reversed the effects of hyperprolactinemia. However, bromocriptine had no apparent influence on the pinealocytes of intact rats. The effects of hyperprolactinemia on the ependymallike secretory process in the pinealocyte were especially pronounced.
Human Cytidine Triphosphate Synthetase 1 Interacting Proteins

We investigated the interacting proteins and intracellular localization of CTP synthetase 1 (CTPS1) in mammalian cells. CTPS1 interacted with a GST- peptidyl prolyl isomerase, Pin1 fusion (GST-Pin1) in a Ser 575 (S575) phosphorylation-dependent manner. Immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that CTPS1 also bound tubulin, and thirteen additional coimmunoprecipitating proteins were identified by mass spectrometry. Immunolocalization experiments showed that tubulin and CTPS1 colocalized subcellularly. Taxol treatment enhanced this but cotreatment of cells with the CTPS inhibitor, cyclopentenyl cytosine (CPEC), and taxol failed to disrupt the colocalization. Thus, these studies provide novel information on the potential interacting proteins that may regulate CTPS1 function or intracellular localization.
[D-Thr2, Thz5]-enkephalinamide: A potent analgesic by subcutaneous and oral administration

Abstract [D-Thr 2 , Thz 5 ]-enkephalinamide administered orally or subcutaneously inhibited the tail-flick response to heat stimuli in mice. On a molar basis, this peptide was found to be 1.5–1.7 times more potent than morphine by oral administration.
Photoperiod-dependent negative feedback effects of thyroid hormones in Fundulus heteroclitus

In Fundulus heteroclitus, an annual cycle in the response of the thyroid to ovine thyroid-stimulating hormone (oTSH) is characterized by maximal thyroxin (T4) secretion in mid-winter and minimal T4 secretion in summer. Four daily injections of oTSH, given in winter caused serum T4 to plateau at elevated levels for several days, while in summer fish similar treatment resulted in far more fluctuating titers of serum T4; maximum levels were similar in both groups. The difference in sustenance rather than magnitude of Peak T4 led to an examination of the negative feedback effects of thyroid hormones as they might relate to these seasonal changes. Radioiodine uptake by thyroid follicles served as a simple, but effective bioassay for endogenous TSH. Fish collected in summer were more sensitive to negative feedback of T3 than those collected in winter; feedback effects of T4 in the two groups were not significantly different. The effects of specific photoperiods on negative feedback sensitivity to T3 and T4 were also tested. Exposure of winter fish for one month to long days (LD 14:10) enhanced the degree of reduction of iodine uptake caused by T4 in the aquarium water (10 micrograms/100 ml). Negative feedback in short-day (LD 8:16) wintermore » fish was not demonstrated. It is concluded that long days increase and short days diminish the negative feedback sensitivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis to thyroid hormones in F. heteroclitus. Such photoperiodically induced changes may act to aid in the year-round maintenance of T4 levels necessary for seasonal adaptation and survival.« less
Temporal relationship between myelinogenesis and the appearance of a basic protein in the spinal cord of the white rat

In a previous study a low molecular weight basic protein, isolated from guinea pig brain, was shown to be localized in the myelin of adult nervous tissue. An antigenically similar protein was present in the central nervous system of a variety of mammals, the chicken and the frog. In the present study, the ability of the nervous system of the albino rat to react specifically with the fluorescent anti-basic protein antibody was investigated during fetal and postnatal development. Although earlier stages were examined, the spinal cord of the rat was first observed to react with the antiserum in the twenty-first day of gestation. Ultrastructural studies indicated that well formed myelin, and mature and immature synapses were present in the cervical cord at this time. A positive immune reaction was detected two days before a noticeable Weigert reaction was obtained; the sequence and spatial pattern of labeling with both techniques was similar, however. It was observed that the nucleolus and cytoplasmic web of dorsal root ganglion cells first reacted with the antiserum at a time immediately preceding the onset of rapid myelination of axonal fibers in the ganglion. The immune reaction in the cell body of the large ganglion cells diminished rapidly with the cessation of rapid myelination. The relationship of the findings to the present concept of myelinogenesis is discussed.
CRITICAL APPROACHES TO WORLD LANGUAGE EDUCATION IN THE UNITED STATES: AN INTRODUCTION

In today's rapidly changing sociopolitical world landscape, language education in the United States is in need of critical scrutiny. In schools and universities, often the rationale for teaching an...
What heritage does and does not do to identity: some answers from an ethnographic perspective

This paper explores how caretakers of slave-era heritage sites objectify and enact what Robert Bellah and his co-authors call "communities of memory" in a racially polarized United States and how the public interpret their efforts at creating what amounts to official history. It highlights the often-vexed encounter between those who are in charge of conveying public representations of slavery and race in the antebellum era in the United States and vernacular responses to such representations. It looks at Monticello, the home of Thomas Jefferson, which recently has made great efforts to make slaves prominent figures in the landscapes it reconstructs in on-site maps, tours, and literature. Of particular interest are the various ways that vernacular skepticism and cynicism about public portrayals continues to generate controversy at Monticello, and particularly at how the topic of erasure and invisibility remain enduring themes in the popular imagination of what public history is all about when such history focuses on slavery and race. By interrogating public skepticism about official portrayals of the past, the paper moves towards a performative approach to studying what heritage does to identity production rather than a representational approach. Among the identities that are produced at Monticello (and by extension other antebellum sites) are racial and oppositional identities.
Identification and Characterization of H2N3 Avian Influenza Virus from Backyard Poultry and Comparison with Novel H2N3 Swine Influenza Virus

In early 2007, H2N3 influenza virus was isolated from a duck and a chicken in two separate poultry flocks in Ohio. Since the same subtype influenza virus with hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) genes of avian lineage was also identified in a swine herd in Missouri in 2006, the objective of this study was to characterize and compare the genetic, antigenic, and biologic properties of the avian and swine isolates. Avian isolates were low pathogenic by in vivo chicken pathogenicity testing. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed that all genes of the avian isolates were comprised of avian lineages, whereas the swine isolates contained contemporary swine internal gene segments, demonstrating that the avian H2N3 viruses were not directly derived from the swine virus. Sequence comparisons for the H and N genes demonstrated that the avian isolates were similar but not identical to the swine isolates. Accordingly, the avian and swine isolates were also antigenically related as determined by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization assays, suggesting that both avian and swine isolates originated from the same group of H2N3 avian influenza viruses. Although serological surveys using the HI assay on poultry flocks and swine herds in Ohio did not reveal further spread of H2 virus from the index flocks, surveillance is important to ensure the virus is not reintroduced to domestic swine or poultry. Contemporary H2N3 avian influenza viruses appear to be easily adaptable to unnatural hosts such as poultry and swine, raising concern regarding the potential for interspecies transmission of avian viruses to humans.