cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genistein combined polysaccharide enhances activity of docetaxel, bicalutamide and Src kinase inhibition in androgen-dependent and independent prostate cancer cell lines.

OBJECTIVE To determine the benefit of genistein combined polysaccharide (GCP) in combination with the androgen receptor antagonist bicalutamide, the antimicrotubule taxane docetaxel, and the Src kinase inhibitor pp2 as part of a treatment regimen for advanced prostate cancer (CaP). MATERIALS AND METHODS The growth inhibitory and apoptotic effects of GCP in combination with bicalutamide, docetaxel and pp2 were evaluated in both the androgen-dependent LNCaP line, and three androgen-independent lines: CWR22Rv1, PC-3, and LNCaP-R273H. The LNCaP-R273H model is an LNCaP variant expressing a p53GOF allele; like CWR22Rv1 and PC-3, it is able to grow in a minimal androgen environment. The effects of GCP treatment in combination with the aforementioned drugs were measured using an MTT assay, Western blotting, flow cytometric analysis, and caspase activation assay. Altered schedules of drug administration were explored using combinations of GCP and docetaxel. RESULTS GCP potentiated the activity of docetaxel in all four cell lines, resulting in growth inhibition and increased apoptosis. The combination of GCP and bicalutamide had enhanced activity in both the LNCaP and LNCaP-R273H lines, which may better represent patient tumour cells after progression to androgen independence. Administration of docetaxel followed by GCP resulted in a synergistic interaction in LNCaP cells, with increased apoptosis. By contrast, GCP administered first showed subadditivity, probably resulting from GCP-mediated induction of G1 arrest interfering with docetaxel activity. CONCLUSION These data suggest that GCP, an isoflavone-enriched compound with minimal side-effects and far superior intestinal absorption rate of genistein, has significant clinical potential in combination with docetaxel, bicalutamide or targeted agents for the treatment of advanced CaP.
Reducing the latency of Lee-O'Sullivan interpolation through modified initialization

Low-rate Reed-Solomon (RS) codes can be adopted in biometric encryption and digital communication systems to achieve high error-correcting capability. The interpolation step of RS decoding can be solved by the Lee-O'Sullivan (LO) algorithm, which converts an initial basis of polynomials to a Gro¨bner basis. This paper proposed a modified basis initialization for the LO algorithm for low-rate codes. The proposed modification leads to significant reduction on the degree of the polynomials and the number of clock cycles needed in the conversion process. Hardware implementation architectures are also developed in this paper. Compared to architectures using the original initialization, the proposed design can achieve 44% higher efficiency in terms of speed-over-area ratio for a (30,9) RS code over GF(216).
The Use of Physostigmine by Toxicologists in Anticholinergic Toxicity

The anticholinergic toxidrome is well described and relatively common. Despite controversy, studies have shown that physostigmine is relatively safe and effective in reversing this toxidrome. We would expect toxicologists would be liberal in its use. We retrospectively analyzed data in the Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC) registry, representing data from medical toxicologists in multiple institutions nationwide, searching for patients who exhibited an anticholinergic toxidrome, determining what treatment(s) they received, and classifying the treatments as physostigmine, benzodiazepines, physostigmine and benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, or no definitive treatment. The causal agents of the toxidrome were as reported by the treating toxicologist. Eight hundred fifteen consecutive patients with anticholinergic toxidromes were analyzed. Benzodiazepines alone were given in 28.7 %, 12.4 % were given physostigmine alone, 8.8 % received both physostigmine and benzodiazepines, 2.7 % were given antipsychotics, and 47.4 % were given no definitive treatment. In patients who received only physostigmine, there was a significant difference in the rate of intubation (1.9 vs. 8.4 %, OR 0.21, 95 % CI 0.05–0.87) versus other treatment groups. Physostigmine was given at varying rates based on causative agent with use in agents with mixed or unknown effects (15.1 %) being significantly lower than those with primarily anticholinergic effects (26.6 %) (p < 0.001). Patients with anticholinergic toxicity were more likely to receive benzodiazepines than physostigmine. Those patients who received only physostigmine had a significantly lower rate of intubation. Physostigmine was more likely to be used with agents exerting primarily anticholinergic toxicity than in those agents with multiple actions.
Inhibition of inspiratory motor output by high-frequency low-pressure oscillations in the upper airway of sleeping dogs.

1We utilized a chronically tracheostomized, unanaesthetized dog model to study the reflex effects on inspiratory motor output of low-amplitude, high-frequency pressure oscillations (HFPOs) applied to the isolated upper airway (UA) during stable non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. 2HFPOs (30 Hz and ±2 to ±4 cmH2O) were applied via a piston pump during eupnoea, inspiratory resistive loading and tracheal occlusion. 3When applied to the patent UA during expiration, and especially during late expiration, HFPOs prolonged expiratory time (TE) and tonically activated the genioglossus muscle EMG. When applied to the patent UA during inspiration, HFPOs caused tonic activation of the genioglossus muscle EMG and inhibition of inspiratory motor output by either: (a) a shortening of inspiratory time (TI), as inspiration was terminated coincident with the onset of HFPOs; or (b) a prolonged TI accompanied by a decreased rate of rise of diaphragm EMG and rate of fall of tracheal pressure. These effects of HFPOs were observed during eupnoea and inspiratory resistive loading, but were maximal during tracheal occlusion where the additional inhibitory effects of lung inflation reflexes were minimized. 4During eupnoea, topical anaesthesia of the UA abolished the HFPO-induced prolongation of TE, suggesting that the response was mediated primarily by mechanoreceptors close to the mucosal surface; whereas the TE-prolonging effects of a sustained square wave of negative pressure (range, -4·0 to -14·9 cmH2O) sufficient to close the airway were preserved following anaesthesia. 5These results demonstrate that high-frequency, low-amplitude oscillatory pressure waves in the UA, similar to those found in snoring, produce reflex inhibition of inspiratory motor output. This reflex may help maintain UA patency by decreasing the collapsing pressure generated by the inspiratory pump muscles and transmitted to the UA.
Reproductive Costs Arising From Incomplete Habitat Segregation Among Three Species of Leucorrhinia Dragonflies

Three species of Leucorrhinia dragonflies show extensive temporal and spatial overlap in their use of mating grounds. This sets the stage for potentially costly interspecific interactions during mating and subsequent oviposition. Males frequently attempt to mate with heterospecific females, but prolonged interspecific matings are uncommon. Males guard ovipositing mates against takeovers by intruding males. Guarding males were as likely to chase heterospecific intruders as conspecific intruders during the oviposition period. Males incurred considerable reproductive cost from this lack of species discrimination; 29% of the successful takeovers by conspecifics occurred while males were chasing heterospecific intruders. One hypothesis for lack of species discrimination in this group is that effective discrimination would require a time investment by the guarding male while he assessed the species identity of the intruder. During this assessment period, the guarding male would risk losing his female to the intruder.
Minocycline-induced cutaneous pigmentation.

A 76-year-old man receiving long-term prednisone therapy for rheumatoid arthritis had a four-part intertrochanteric fracture after a fall. The patient underwent an open reduction with internal fixation and dynamic hip screw placement. Two months later, when the patient presented with significant pain and difficulty ambulating, radiographs revealed dissociation of the compression screw from the femoral head. At the time of removal of failed hardware, a total hip replacement procedure was aborted when intraoperative findings were consistent with infection. Thorough irrigation and debridement were performed, with placement of antibiotic-impregnated cement spacers. One month after a 4-week course of intravenous cefazolin, the patient underwent left total hip arthroplasty. Intraoperative cultures grew methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Corynebacterium jeikeium. A 4-week course of intravenous vancomycin was followed by long-term antibiotic suppression with long-term minocycline (100 mg twice daily). Six months after starting minocycline, the patient noticed a blue-gray discoloration of the forearms. During the next 4 months, the pigmentation progressed considerably. He was admitted to Mayo Clinic for a myocardial infarction. Three-vessel coronary artery disease was discovered, necessitating bypass grafting. Before surgery, dermatology was consulted. A main concern of the primary service was the discoloration representing ecchymoses in a surgical candidate with a possible bleeding diathesis. Cutaneous examination revealed slate gray, ill-defined patches in the preauricular, flank, upper thigh, and shoulder areas. Similar patches coalesced on the upper and lower extremities (Fig. 1). There was no scleral or mucous membrane involvement. Histologically, minocycline pigmentation with pigment-laden macrophages and free dermal pigment in the papillary and superficial reticular dermis stained positive with Prussian blue and Fontana-Masson (Fig. 2). Minocycline was discontinued, and the patient was started on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole double strength once daily for long-term antimicrobial therapy. Figure 1. Minocycline-induced slate gray discoloration of the (a) arms and (b) shins Download figure to PowerPoint Figure 2. Pigment-laden macrophages and free dermal pigment. (Hematoxylin-eosin; original magnification ×600) Download figure to PowerPoint
Miniature fiber optic pressure sensor for turbine engines

In this paper, we present a miniature fiber optic pressure sensor. The sensor is extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) based with its FP cavity directly fabricated on the tip of the fiber by fusion splicing and chemical etching. The processes are simple, with no other materials but silica fibers involved. The sensor has the same dimension as the fiber itself, only 125μm in diameter. The length of the FP cavity and the interference pattern will change in response to ambient pressure variation. The signal is demodulated by tracing the spectrum shift. Sensitivity can be adjusted for different applications with low or high pressure range. Prototype sensors were fabricated and tested for static response. Dynamic measurements were performed in a turbine engine. Theoretical and experimental analysis of the sensor response are also presented.
Cardiovascular and plasma prolactin responses to stereoisomers of phencyclidine.

Abstract The effect of phencyclidine (PCP) and dextro- and levorotatory isomers of its derivatives 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-3-methylpiperidine [(+)-PCMP and (−)-PCMP] (5 mg/kg, SC) on blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and plasma prolactin (PRL) were examined. PCP and (+)-PCMP but not (−)-PCMP increased BP and HR and suppressed plasma PRL.
Sensitivity of Twenty-First-Century Global-Mean Steric Sea Level Rise to Ocean Model Formulation

AbstractTwo comprehensive Earth system models (ESMs), identical apart from their oceanic components, are used to estimate the uncertainty in projections of twenty-first-century sea level rise due to representational choices in ocean physical formulation. Most prominent among the formulation differences is that one (ESM2M) uses a traditional z-coordinate ocean model, while the other (ESM2G) uses an isopycnal-coordinate ocean. As evidence of model fidelity, differences in twentieth-century global-mean steric sea level rise are not statistically significant between either model and observed trends. However, differences between the two models’ twenty-first-century projections are systematic and both statistically and climatically significant. By 2100, ESM2M exhibits 18% higher global steric sea level rise than ESM2G for all four radiative forcing scenarios (28–49 mm higher), despite having similar changes between the models in the near-surface ocean for several scenarios. These differences arise primarily fro...
The isolation and genetic characterization of X-linked mutations that affect pyrimidine metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster

Summary. This paper focuses on the number of Xlinked genes which play a role in pyrimidine metabolism. A series of mutation screens have been carried out for the following types of mutants: (a) mutants which reduce pyrimidine synthesis, (b) mutants which reduce pyrimidine catabolism, and (c) mutants which are unable to utilize dietary pyrimidines and depend upon de novo synthesis for survival. The genetic characterization of the 95 X-linked mu~cants obtained indicates that there are very few X-linked genes which play a direct role in pyrimidine metabolism.
A large-aperture Cherenkov hodoscope for identification of multi-particle states

Abstract A large-aperture Cherenkov chamber has been designed and constructed at SLAC for use in identifying particles in 1, 2 and 3 body-final states. It is basically a threshold type counter, but the optics is designed such that each of the eight 62.5 × 62.5 cm2 spherical mirrors reflects the Cherenkov light into a corresponding light horn and phototube; the counter may therefore be used as a hodoscope of eight optically independent Cherenkov cells. In addition, the pulse-height information from each phototube is recorded so that particle identification may be made in some cases on the basis of how much light was emitted. The performance of the counter for single and multi-particle identification is discussed.
Sex differences in attitudes toward gay men and lesbians: A multidimensional perspective

We addressed four components of attitudes toward gay men and lesbians: condemnation/tolerance, morality, contact, and stereotypes. We hypothesized that attitudes would vary by component and by the sex of the person being rated. Results indicated that men (n = 137) held more negative attitudes toward homosexuals than did women (n = 133) on all factors except stereotypes, and that attitudes toward gay men were more negative than were attitudes toward lesbians on all factors. On all subscales except stereotypes, men rated gay men more negatively than lesbians. Women rated gay men and lesbians similarly on the condemnation/tolerance subscale and the morality subscale, but rated lesbians more negatively on the contact subscale. The results confirm that to understand sex differences in attitudes toward homosexuality fully, researchers must consider both attitude component and the sex of the person being rated.
Do environmental agents affect semen quality

In the early 1990s, Skakkebaek and colleagues 1 noted the decline in semen quality in Danish men and reviewed the literature for evidence of a global trend. Although there had been earlier reports of declining semen quality2–4 it was not until Skakkabaek’s paper that this issue received wide public attention. This paper concluded that “there has been a genuine decline in semen quality over the past 50 years.” Sharpe and Skakkebaek5 linked this decline to trends in testicular cancer and other male reproductive parameters, suggesting that all shared a common etiology, hypothesized to be prenatal exposure to environmental agents, particularly xenoestrogens. After this publication, researchers reviewed historical records from sperm banks and infertility clinics and published numerous reports on trends in semen quality. The results of this intensive effort were conflicting and inconclusive, suggesting the need for a new approach to this problem. If xenobiotics had produced global trends, as suggested by Sharpe and Skakkebaek,5 these exposures (unless uniformly distributed), should also produce geographic variation. Moreover, geographic differences, unlike historical trends, can be examined using well-controlled, cross-sectional studies—and, in fact, two recent studies provide convincing evidence of such variation in semen quality.6,7 However, neither study addresses the causes of these geographic differences in semen quality. Researchers are now searching for environmental agents that may have contributed to the reported geographic (and temporal) variability in male reproductive function; agents that are reproductive toxins in the laboratory and prevalent in the environment are natural candidates. The papers by Storgaard et al.8 and Duty et al.9 in this issue of EPIDEMIOLOGY are among the first to examine such exposures in humans. Storgaard and colleagues8 study maternal smoking in relation to semen quality, sex hormones and sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) integrity in the offspring. Duty et al.9 ask whether adult exposure to phthalates can alter semen quality. Because the exposures examined by these authors are prevalent, the reported associations could, if causal, explain a substantial fraction of the reported decline in semen quality.
Sources and observers in motion. IV! Acoustic measurements on aerofoils moving in a circle at high speed

Recently a rotor aerodynamics and noise facility has been constructed at Stanford University. The experimental approach is to rotate blade elements from a quiet, rigid rotor arm in good anechoic conditions. The capabilities and limitations of this technique are considered, together with initial data. It is concluded that the approach provides a simple and inexpensive method of investigating rotor aerodynamics and noise from windmilling speeds through to high subsonic velocities.
The distribution of half-cystine in the ribosomal proteins of Escherichia coli.

Of the standard set of 54 ribosomal proteins in Escherichia coli MRE600 the ones which contain half-cystine are: S1, S2, S4, S8, S11, S12, S13, S14, S17, S18, S21, L2, L5, L6, L10, L11, L14, L17, L27 and L28. The number of residues of half-cystine in each species is reported.
Stunned Silence: Gene Expression Programs in Human Cells Infected with Monkeypox or Vaccinia Virus

Poxviruses use an arsenal of molecular weapons to evade detection and disarm host immune responses. We used DNA microarrays to investigate the gene expression responses to infection by monkeypox virus (MPV), an emerging human pathogen, and Vaccinia virus (VAC), a widely used model and vaccine organism, in primary human macrophages, primary human fibroblasts and HeLa cells. Even as the overwhelmingly infected cells approached their demise, with extensive cytopathic changes, their gene expression programs appeared almost oblivious to poxvirus infection. Although killed (gamma-irradiated) MPV potently induced a transcriptional program characteristic of the interferon response, no such response was observed during infection with either live MPV or VAC. Moreover, while the gene expression response of infected cells to stimulation with ionomycin plus phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), or poly (I-C) was largely unimpaired by infection with MPV, a cluster of pro-inflammatory genes were a notable exception. Poly(I-C) induction of genes involved in alerting the innate immune system to the infectious threat, including TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha and beta, CCL5 and IL-6, were suppressed by infection with live MPV. Thus, MPV selectively inhibits expression of genes with critical roles in cell-signaling pathways that activate innate immune responses, as part of its strategy for stealthy infection.
RETRIEVAL FROM SHAPE DATABASES USING CHANCE PROBABILITY FUNCTIONS AND FIXED CORRESPONDENCE

Similarity-based retrieval from shape databases typically employs a pairwise shape matcher and one or more indexing techniques. In this paper, we focus specifically on the design of a pairwise matcher for retrieval of 2-D shape contours. In the past, the matchers used for the one-to-many problem of shape retrieval were often designed for the problem of matching an isolated pair of shapes. This approach fails to exploit two characteristics of the one-to-many matching problem that distinguish it from the one-to-one matching problem. First, the output of shape retrieval systems tends to be dominated by matches to relatively similar shapes. In this paper, we demonstrate that by not expending computational resources on unneeded accuracy of matching, both the speed and the accuracy of retrieval can be increased. Second, the shape database is a large statistical sample of the population of shapes. We introduce a probabilistic model for exploiting that statistical knowledge to further increase retrieval accuracy. The model has several benefits: (1) It does not require class labels on the database shapes, thus supporting unlabeled retrieval. (2) It does not require feature independence. (3) It is parameter-free. (4) It has a fast runtime implementation. The probabilistic model is general and thus potentially applicable to other one-to-many matching problems.
Classification of Hypervascular Liver Lesions Based on Hepatic Artery and Portal Vein Blood Supply Coefficients Calculated from Triphasic CT Scans

Perfusion CT of the liver typically involves scanning the liver at least 20 times, resulting in a large radiation dose. We developed and validated a simplified model of tumor blood supply that can be applied to standard triphasic scans and evaluated whether this can be used to distinguish benign and malignant liver lesions. Triphasic CTs of 46 malignant and 32 benign liver lesions were analyzed. For each phase, regions of interest were drawn in the arterially enhancing portion of each lesion, as well as the background liver, aorta, and portal vein. Hepatic artery and portal vein blood supply coefficients for each lesion were then calculated by expressing the enhancement curve of the lesion as a linear combination of the enhancement curves of the aorta and portal vein. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hypervascular metastases, on average, both had increased hepatic artery coefficients compared to the background liver. Compared to HCC, benign lesions, on average, had either a greater hepatic artery coefficient (hemangioma) or a greater portal vein coefficient (focal nodular hyperplasia or transient hepatic attenuation difference). Hypervascularity with washout is a key diagnostic criterion for HCC, but it had a sensitivity of 72 % and specificity of 81 % for diagnosing malignancy in our diverse set of liver lesions. The sensitivity for malignancy was increased to 89 % by including enhancing lesions that were hypodense on all phases. The specificity for malignancy was increased to 97 % (p = 0.039) by also examining hepatic artery and portal vein blood supply coefficients, while maintaining a sensitivity of 76 %.
How Landau-Zener Tunneling Takes Time

We calculate the time evolution of Landau-Zener tunneling for atoms in an accelerating optical lattice. Analytical expressions are obtained that are in good agreement with a recent observation of nonexponential decay. We identify new experimental regimes that show a crossover from strong coherent oscillations to exponential decay in the temporal evolution of the survival probability. We establish the time scale of this crossover, and make connection to a tunneling time of Zener breakdown.
Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation and electrochemical detection of retinol and its isomers

Abstract Baseline separation of the isomers of retinol using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in less than 30 min is presented. A new approach to the detection of retinol using electrochemical detection is developed. The oxidative electrochemistry of retinol is studied at a glassy-carbon electrode using coulometry, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and HPLC. Amperometric detection in HPLC for retinol provided a linear response from 0 to 1.5 μg/ml and a detection limit of 4.1 ng/ml. Electrochemical detection was compared to ultraviolet-visible absorbance detection for the determination of retinol in human serum extracts. Good agreement is found for the results obtained with the two detectors.
Preparation and Characterization of Sodium Poly(α,l-glutamate)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Macromolecular Complexes

Two series of macromolecular complexes of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) [100K and 600K]/sodium poly(α,l-glutamate) (PGNA) [MW 1K and 45K] and poly(ethylene glycol) [MW 350−2000]/PGNA [1K] have been prepared by solution blending using water/methanol mixtures. All the macromolecular complexes were soluble in water. The PGNA/PEO macromolecular complexes were mechanically reliable opaque films and may be stretched a couple of fold to form white opaque fibrils. Formation of the α-helical conformation of PGNA in the complexes was determined by CD studies; e.g., the CD spectrum of a film of PGNA 1K−PEO 600K (1:2.5, w/w) complex showed a positive peak at 200 nm and two negative peaks at 207 and 220 nm, indicating the presence of the α-helical PGNA conformation in the complex. FT-IR spectra of the complexes support the presence of the α-helical PGNA conformation in the macromolecular complexes. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns of the PGNA 1K−PEO 600K (1:2.5 and 1:5, w/w) indicate that some of the PEO crys...
Splicing signals in Drosophila: intron size, information content, and consensus sequences

A database of 209 Drosophila introns was extracted from Genbank (release number 64.0) and examined by a number of methods in order to characterize features that might serve as signals for messenger RNA splicing. A tight distribution of sizes was observed: while the smallest introns in the database are 51 nucleotides, more than half are less than 80 nucleotides in length, and most of these have lengths in the range of 59-67 nucleotides. Drosophila splice sites found in large and small introns differ in only minor ways from each other and from those found in vertebrate introns. However, larger introns have greater pyrimidine-richness in the region between 11 and 21 nucleotides upstream of 3' splice sites. The Drosophila branchpoint consensus matrix resembles C T A A T (in which branch formation occurs at the underlined A), and differs from the corresponding mammalian signal in the absence of G at the position immediately preceding the branchpoint. The distribution of occurrences of this sequence suggests a minimum distance between 5' splice sites and branchpoints of about 38 nucleotides, and a minimum distance between 3' splice sites and branchpoints of 15 nucleotides. The methods we have used detect no information in exon sequences other than in the few nucleotides immediately adjacent to the splice sites. However, Drosophila resembles many other species in that there is a discontinuity in A + T content between exons and introns, which are A + T rich.
TIME-DOMAIN SIMULATION OF THE GENERATION AND PROPAGATION OF SECOND-ORDER STOKES WAVES IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL WAVE FLUME. PART I: MONOCHROMATIC WAVEMAKER MOTIONS

A time-domain simulation of the generation and propagation of second-order Stokes waves in a semi-infinite, narrow channel of uniform depth is presented. The wave motion is generated by the small-amplitude, oscillatory motion of a generic planar wavemaker. A novel second-order radiation boundary condition is applied at the far-field boundary. The suitability of this condition is verified by considering the forms of the computed second-order wave profiles for various locations of the radiation boundary. The accuracy of the solution is studied by monitoring the difference between the energy flux at the boundaries of the computational domain and the rate of change of kinetic energy of the fluid. Free-surface elevations predicted by the present approach exhibit good agreement with experimental results in a laboratory wavetank, and with those obtained from a second-order frequency-domain solution. In order to test the solution methodology further, the problem of wave propagation in a channel containing a rectangular step of infinite extent is also considered. The numerical results for this case indicate that the step may have a significant influence on the second-order wave field. It is concluded that the present approach provides an accurate and efficient technique to simulate the generation and propagation of nonlinear Stokes waves in a two-dimensional wavetank.
SCS URBAN CURVE NUMBERS FROM A LANDSAT DATA BASE

Estimating the Curve Numbers used in the Soil Conservation Service hydrologic models is a tedious and costly task. Recent advances in remote sensing and data processing have led to the development of readily available land cover data bases for many areas of the United States. This study evaluated the potential of using a Landsat data base to make the Curve Number estimation process more cost-effective and less tedious. Ten watersheds in the Washington, D.C., area were evaluated using a Landsat land cover data base developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Results showed that these data can be useful. Predictions can be improved if ancillary data on residential lot size are included. It was concluded that this type of data base must be examined carefully before implementation.
Effects of active MEK1 expression in vivo

Cell transformation is often a result of constitutive activation of genes in signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation. Indeed, the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is constitutively activated in a large number of cancers. The extent to which a single-gene mutation can alter cell fate, however, remains questionable. In vitro studies have addressed this issue, but organs are comprised of multiple cell types, and in vitro models often poorly approximate these interactions. In response to these limitations, cell-type specific mouse models have been generated as a means to examine the effect of altering a single element of the MAPK pathway in vivo. This review summarizes data from transgenic murine and human tissue models expressing constitutive active forms of MEK1.
Imprints of spin-orbit density wave in the hidden-order state of URu2Si2

The mysterious second-order quantum phase transition, commonly attributed to the ``hidden-order'' (HO) state, in heavy-fermion metal URu${}_{2}$Si${}_{2}$ exhibits a number of paradoxical electronic and magnetic properties which cannot be associated with any conventional order parameter. We characterize and reconcile these exotic properties of the HO state based on a spin-orbit density wave order (SODW), constructed on the basis of a realistic density functional theory band structure. We quantify the nature of the gapped electronic and magnetic excitation spectrum, in agreement with measurements, while the magnetic moment is calculated to be zero owing to the spin-orbit coupling induced time-reversal invariance. Furthermore, a new collective mode in the spin-1 excitation spectrum is predicted to localize at zero momentum transfer in the HO state which can be visualized, for example, by electron spin resonance at zero magnetic field or polarized inelastic neutron scattering measurements. The results demonstrate that the concomitant broken and invariant symmetries protected SODW order not only provides insights into numerous nontrivial hidden-order phenomena, but also offers a parallel laboratory to the formation of a topologically protected quantum state beyond the quantum spin Hall state and Weyl semimetals.
Abstract 2287: Nuclear localization of N-myc downstream regulated gene 4: A novel therapeutic target in meningioma

NDRG4 is a member of the N-Myc downregulated gene family (NDRG) belonging to the alpha/beta hydrolase super family. The roles of NDRG4 in meningioma tumor development have not previously been evaluated. Effective local therapies include surgery and radiation, but there is a need for novel molecular targets to improve survival and reduce morbidity for meningioma patients. We have recently identified the N-Myc down regulated gene 4, NDRG4, protein as being overexpressed in aggressive meningiomas and demonstrated that NDRG4 downregulation results in decreased cell viability, migration and invasive properties. NDRG4 was initially identified as a cytoplasmic protein. In the present study, we proposed that nuclear localization of NDRG4 and the role of NDRG4 in cell proliferation. Subcellular distribution of NDRG4 was identified by western blotting in nuclear and cytosolic extracts. Immunocytofluoresence analysis revealed the NDRG4 nuclear localization. Here we demonstrate that depletion of NDRG4 induces the predominant form of cell death is apoptosis, utilizing DNA laddering and Annexin V/APC flow cytometry assay. We show that apoptosis caused by transduction of lentiviral shNDRG4 involves of p53 phoshorylation at ser 15, Bax activation. Flow cytometry analysis revealed changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm), which was observed by JC-1. Sub-cellular distribution of Bax and Cytochrome c indicated the mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. In conclusion, we show that NDRG4 is also a nuclear protein expressed in response to cell proliferation and demonstrated the suppression of NDRG4 induces the apoptosis through p53 and Bax mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Citation Format: Rama P. Kotipatruni, Xuan Ren, Robert P. Vanderwaal, Dinesh Thotala, Jerry J. Jaboin. Nuclear localization of N-myc downstream regulated gene 4: A novel therapeutic target in meningioma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2287. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2287
A review of basin morphology and pool hydrology of isolated ponded wetlands: implications for seasonal forest pools of the northeastern United States

Seasonal forest pools (SFPs) are geographically- and hydrologically-isolated ponded wetlands, in that they are topographically isolated from other surface waters. SFPs occur commonly throughout the temperate forests of the eastern United States and adjacent Canada. SFPs are ephemeral in occurrence, typically drying annually. The regular drying of SFPs excludes fish from these habitats, and as a result, they are the preferred breeding habitat of some amphibians, notably ambystomid (‘mole’) salamanders and wood frogs (Rana sylvatica Le Conte). The pools also support a rich and diverse invertebrate fauna. The duration of the wet phase, or hydroperiod of SFPs, has been repeatedly shown to be the dominant influence on the composition and fitness of the faunal community of the pools. Despite the importance of SFP hydrology, it is a poorly studied subject. This paper reviews the limited state-of-knowledge of seasonal forest pool hydrology and associated basin morphology. The review discusses findings from studies of other isolated ponded wetlands that could be applicable to our understanding of the hydrology of SFPs.
Technological innovation in a corporatist state: The case of biotechnology in the Federal Republic of Germany

Abstract This article examines a decade of federal support for biotechnology in the Federal Republic of Germany in order to determine the impact of liberal corporatist patterns of decision-making on industrial policy. For this purpose, industrial policy is taken to include both public initiatives aimed at promoting the new technology and those designed to control its risks. Two distinct forms of corporatism are discernible in this case study. In the first, the principal actors are large businesses, the state, and to a lesser extent, the academic reserch community. These actors have been most influential in defining the scope and specific objectives of the federally funced R&D program in biotechnology. A more traditional form of corporatism, including organized labor, has been engaged in the debate on regulatory policies. In the case of biotechnology, these patterns of corporatism have created the consensus necessary for the adoption of a comprehensive R&D program, but have perpetuated certain barriers to technological innovation. In particular, the reliance on established peak organizations to formulate policy has discouraged structural changes that could have enhanced Germany's early competitiveness in biotechnology. Incrementalism has produced more favorable results in the context of regulatory policy, by permitting control strategies to develop in step with technological progress.
He and Ne diffraction from W(100): Two views of the c(2×2) phase transition

Abstract Helium and neon diffraction have been used to follow the phase transition of the W(100) surface, which reconstructs to a c(2 × 2) structure on cooling below room temperature. For the case of He, we find that the reconstruction-induced half order peaks broaden and shift towards the specular peak on heating through this transition, in agreement with the observations of others. However, the corresponding Ne diffraction peaks show no appreciable shift or broadening under identical conditions, indicating, that thermal He and Ne atoms probe surface structures with different periodicities.
Syntheses and X-ray structures of cerium amide complexes

Abstract Reaction of CeCl3 with an excess of LiTMP (TMP-H = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) gave [Ce(μ-OCH CH2)(TMP)2]2. The alkoxide ligand originated from THF, which was used as the solvent in the reaction. CeCl3 reacted with 3 equiv. of LiTMP in THF to produce, after crystallization, a 3:2 crystalline mixture of Ce(TMP)3 and [Ce(μ-OCH CH2)(TMP)2]2. Ce(TMP)3 could not be isolated cleanly or separated from the mixture except by handpicking the crystals under a microscope. The homoleptic amide complex Ce[N-t-Bu(SiMe3)]3 was obtained by reacting CeCl3(THF)2 with 3 equivalents of LiN-t-Bu(SiMe3). In the solid state, [Ce(μ-OCH CH2)(TMP)2]2 is a dimer with a Ce(μ-OR)2Ce four-member ring, while Ce(TMP)3 and Ce[N-t-Bu(SiMe3)]3 are trigonal planar monomers. There is structural evidence to suggest the presence of a Ce–vinyl group interaction in [Ce(μ-OCH CH2)(TMP)2]2.
SU‐D‐BRC‐04: Comparison of Tumor Shrinkage in Proton and Photon Therapy of Lung Cancer

Purpose: To compare tumor shrinkage in IMRT and proton therapy for locally advanced non‐small cell lungcancer. Methods: Twenty‐four patients enrolled in randomized clinical trial were selected in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to either IMRT or proton therapy when adequate target coverage and mean lung dose constraints can be met. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for proton therapy was assumed to be 1.1. There are three prescription dose levels allowed by the protocol, but all patients selected for this analysis received 74 Gy (RBE) in 37 fractions. All patients received weekly 4DCT scans to assess their anatomical changes. To minimize the impact of motion, the primary gross tumor volume (GTVp) and clinical target volume (CTV) were defined on the expiration phase of the 4DCT. In‐house developed deformable registration software was used to propagate the planning GTVp and CTV to the end of expiration phase of weekly 4DCT scans. One proton patient received breath‐hold gated treatment and the target volumes were assessed on the breath‐hold weekly CT. To minimize the impact of variable time delay between simulation and the start of treatment, we normalized tumor shrinkages to the first available weekly 4DCT, assuming no drastic change during the first week of treatment. Results: Although individual patient exhibited quite different shrinkage patterns, the average shrinkage for each treatment group was strikingly similar. The average GTVp shrinkage was 23% in IMRT and 23% in Proton at the end of treatment. The average CTV shrinkage was 11 % in IMRT and 8% in Proton, respectively. Conclusions: The average tumor shrinkage for patients receiving proton therapy and IMRT was remarkably similar, suggesting the adequacy of using RBE value of 1.1 for lungcancerproton therapy. Supported in part by NCI P01 CA021239
Systematic approach to ethical decision making using matrices

With origins in the decision matrices used to choose between competing alternative designs, the Ethical Decision Matrix is a practical way to ensure that a student will use a systematic approach in engineering ethical situations and at least reflect on a broad range of considerations. Alternative ethical solutions are evaluated using a subset of the professional canon of ethics from the National Society of Professional Engineers. The columns of the decision matrix correspond to the alternative ethical solutions; the rows correspond to the canons. The students fill in the matrix blanks with a ldquoyesrdquo, ldquonordquo or ldquomayberdquo (with perhaps a few words of explanation) to indicate if the solution is consistent with a particular canon. A process for introducing this method to students is described and illustrated for the case of an engineer who feels design changes may have compromised the safety of a bridge.
Replication of a Study on Teaching Singing in the Elementary General Music Classroom

This study was a replication of an investigation on the effective teaching of singing in the elementary general music classroom, using the technique of classroom observation. The purpose was to confirm or refute the results of the original study that investigated the relationship of some observational variables to the teaching of singing. The results of the study partially confirmed the results of the original study: (1) the observational form used for the investigation contained a sufficient number of reliably observed variables that discriminated between performance qualities; and (2) in both studies rhythmic reading activities were found to be the most important discriminators of differentially effective teaching procedures.
The immunoperoxidase method for the rapid diagnosis of intraoral herpes simplex virus infection in patients receiving bone marrow transplants.

Bone marrow transplant patients (N = 12) with oral lesions consistent with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection were studied to compare the sensitivity of two rapid cytodiagnostic methods with viral cultures. Routine viral cultures and exfoliative cytology smears were prepared for microscopic evaluation using the Papanicolaou method and an immmunoperoxidase staining technique for detection of HSV type 1. Patients with a positive viral culture (N = 10) showed positive staining for HSV, using the immunoperoxidase technique. Multinucleated giant epithelial cells were observed in only seven of the ten positive specimens, using the Papanicolaou method. The results from this preliminary study suggest that the immunoperoxidase method may provide the dentist with a reliable and rapid approach for the diagnosis of intraoral HSV.
Material requirements planning system infusion

Abstract There is increasing pressure upon manufacturing firms to make their processes more efficient and effective. An important factor for improving these manufacturing processes is production and inventory management, and a variety of production and inventory management information systems such as Material Requirements Planning (MRP) have thus been developed. However, MRP has a significant history of implementation problems. To help explain why these problems occur, this paper examines factors affecting MRP implementation from a innovation diffusion perspective. Within this perspective, the effect of manufacturing tasks and MRP technology on the infusion of MRP are examined. Data are gatherered via longitudinal telephone survey of US manufacturing firms to determine these effects. A logistical regression analysis of the data indicates that factors such as production complexity which affect MRP adoption can work in an opposite direction for MRP infusion (the use of MRP to its “fullest potential”). This implies that it may be advantageous for some firms to adopt and maintain MRP at low infusion levels rather than attempting to increase infusion over time. These results help explain some of the problems currently associated with MRP implementation and help point out potential problem areas for those contemplating MRP implementation.
Workplace justice and employee worth

Distributive and procedural justice gain new meaning in light of other distinctions about how organizations value employees (the employees' “worth”). Fair compensation gives employees worth as achieved status: how the employee is like some employees (similarly rewarded) and not like others (dissimilarly rewarded). But employees also want to be treated uniquely as individuals and in other ways to be treated like all other employees, both reflecting worth as ascribed status. Such worth need not involve the distribution of outcomes; it can be gained if procedures function as ends in themselves. Different types of worth thus become the source of different criteria for justice.
On the relations among priming, conscious recollection, and intentional retrieval: Evidence from neuroimaging research

Neurobiological distinctions among forms of memory have been investigated mainly from the perspective of lesion studies in nonhuman animals and experiments with human neurological patients. We consider recent neuroimaging studies of healthy human volunteers using positron emission tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) that provide new information concerning the neural correlates of particular forms of memory retrieval. More specifically, we consider evidence indicating that priming, a form of implicit retrieval, is associated with decreased activity in various cortical regions. We also consider evidence suggesting that two components of explicit retrieval-intentional or effortful search and successful conscious recollection-are preferentially associated with increased activity in prefrontal and medial temporal regions, respectively.
Hydranencephaly and cerebellar hypoplasia in two kittens attributed to intrauterine parvovirus infection.

Six weeks after vaccination with modified live feline parvovirus vaccine, a cat gave birth to five kittens, three of which died soon afterwards. The remaining two kittens (A and B) survived, but at 8 weeks of age were unable to walk and showed abnormal behaviour, with lack of menace and oculovestibular responses, and severe dysmetria. These signs suggested multifocal disease associated with the cerebrum and cerebellum. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated severe bilateral (kitten A) or unilateral (kitten B) hydrocephalus or hydranencephaly, combined with cerebellar agenesis (kitten A) or severe hypoplasia (kitten B). Hydranencephaly was confirmed histopathologically in both kittens. Parvovirus was isolated from the kidney of one kitten. Parvoviral DNA was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from paraffin wax-embedded brain of both kittens. The severe malformations observed in these kittens presumably resulted from an in-utero parvovirus infection, possibly due to vaccination, that occurred late in the first, or early in the second, trimester of pregnancy.
Predicting the use of outpatient mental health services: do modeling approaches make a difference?

Studies attempting to project the impact of providing health coverage to the uninsured population have demonstrated considerable variation in the estimated costs of mental health care. Different modeling approaches to project health care use and costs have been shown to address some data characteristics well, but not all of them. Using data from Health Care for Communities, a recent national household survey, this paper attempts to estimate and predict the use of mental health outpatient services if insurance coverage were extended to the uninsured. The study employs two-part models, with the second part based on an ordinary least squares (OLS) approach and a generalized linear model (GLM), and a zero-inflated negative binomial model (ZINB). Estimates and predictions are not sensitive to the modeling approaches chosen, although the ZINB model outperforms the two-part models in terms of out-ofsample prediction.