cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of nanostructures with complex shape using improved generalized method of moments

Summary form only given. The study of light-matter interactions is of great importance to many applications ranging from optical device characterization to material design to analysis of photonic band gap (PBG) structures etc. Many nanostructures of interest possess complex geometries and topologies that are difficult to model geometrically, and even more difficult to characterize in terms of electromagnetic response; for instance, modeling of biomimetic structures (including naturally occurring PBGs) such as butterfly wings. Furthermore, topology optimization for design requires a method that has the ability to adaptively manipulate and deform the geometry in an efficient manner. The use of canonical modeling methods to meet these challenges is difficult. Some of the authors recently introduced the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) [N. Nair and B. Shanker, Proceedings of 2011 IEEE COMCAS, 1-4] that provides an effective framework both for geometry description and manipulation of locally smooth PEC surfaces, as well as great latitude in the choice and mixing of approximation function spaces. However, the method has not been advanced to the analysis of dielectric scatterers. The goal of this work is to extend GMM to a robust integral equation solver for complex dielectric nanostructures using locally smooth surface descriptions.
SLAP lesions: an update on recognition and treatment.

Synopsis Superior labral tears (SLAP lesions) can pose a significant challenge to orthopaedic surgeons and rehabilitation specialists alike. Although advancement in arthroscopic techniques has enhanced arthroscopic repair of SLAP lesions, the clinical diagnosis of SLAP lesions can still be difficult. There is a variety of etiologic factors associated with SLAP lesions and a thorough clinical evaluation is crucial to make the diagnosis. Concomitant injury to the capsular-labral complex or rotator cuff is not uncommon and can further confuse the clinical presentation. The purpose of this paper is to review the pathomechanics, diagnosis, and treatment of SLAP lesions. We will specifically review some of the physical examination tests that are used to diagnose SLAP lesions and report on our technique of arthroscopic repair. Additionally, we will discuss the operative management of associated intra-articular pathology and, finally, we will briefly discuss our postoperative rehabilitation guidelines. Level of E...
Privatization and Democracy: The Effects of Regime Type in the Developing World

What is the effect of regime type on privatization of state-owned enterprises? The authors investigate the relationship between regime type and privatization through a panel data set for 76 developing countries from 1987 to 1994. The results show that, contrary to most studies that claim that authoritarian regimes are better able to ignore societal interests opposed to economic measures that impose austerity, democracies privatize more than authoritarian regimes. Moreover, challenging conventional interpretations that claim that economic difficulties contribute to state sell-offs, the authors find that privatization is most likely in wealthier developing democracies whose budgets operate with current account surpluses. Hence authoritarian regimes provide neither the right nor the correct model for countries wishing to pursue unpopular economic policies.
A microcomputer data base system for an in vitro fertilization clinic programmed in BASIC

A computer program was developed for the IBM personal computer to be used for in vitro fertilization and gamete intrafallopian transfer clinics. This program, written in BASIC, allows input, editing, updating, sorting, and printing of patient data. Statistical functions permit summation of patient data based on various combinations of user-defined treatment cycles, diagnoses, and protocols, thus making possible comparison of pregnancy and other patient data between and among various treatment groups and diagnoses. The statistical information can be continually updated and revised when new data become available on patients (such as confirmation of pregnancy by ultrasound or live births) and at the end of each cycle. The formats used are useful in assimilating individual clinic data for various surveys and other reporting requirements. The program can be easily modified by anyone with minimal training in the BASIC programming language.
Verification of Einstein's formula for fluctuations in thermal radiation

Abstract The wave-interaction noise term of Einstein's formula for the fluctuations in the number of quanta received from a black-body radiator var n= n 1+ 1 e hv kT −1 is verified by splitting the beam and cross correlating the photodetector noise currents. This technique eliminates the shot noise and measures the wave-interaction noise directly. Good agreement between theory and experiment is obtained when the effects of optical losses and the wavelength dependence of the optical filter are taken into account.
Time Sharing, Management, and Management Science

This is going to be a talk: mostly about time sharing, a little bit about the implications for management and an even smaller bit about the implications for management science. Not that these implications are minor. On the contrary, I think time sharing is going to produce profound, irreversible changes in both the practice and the science of management. But instead of the usual inspirational harangue on the revolutionary future that time sharing will bring, let's take a close look at the technical and economic fundamentals which define the invention and the necessity that it answers. Once these fundamentals are clear, you can make your own forecasts.
Submicrometer control of a traction drive using state feedback and estimation

Abstract Traction drives are direct-drive systems that are more sensitive to noise and disturbances than lead screws. Their performance using PID control is not always satisfactory. Therefore, there is a need to improve the tracking performance of traction drives while overcoming their inherent sensitivity to disturbances. To understand their behavior better, their operating characteristics are investigated and a system model is developed. Using this model, a state feedback regulator is designed. To eliminate steady-state errors to step commands and improve tracking performance, an outer PID loop is added. The performance of this controller is then compared with that of a PID controller. It is shown that the state feedback/PID scheme rejects disturbances more than three times as fast as the PID controller and reduces tracking errors by over 50%.
Optical determination of hydrogen atom concentration behind a gas sampling orifice

A technique has been developed for measuring both temperature and atomic radical concentration. The technique combines the features of resonance absorption and direct sampling to produce a relatively simple, intrusive diagnostic method applicable to transient combustion work. In this study, a propagating hydrogen/air flame was used as a transient source of hydrogen radicals. Concentration curves were generated by first recording the absorption of Lyman-α radiation at 121.6 nm in a flow tube positioned downstream from the sampling orifice inside a low pressure chamber. Concentration values were then obtained by using known sample temperatures from previous data on krypton absorption in the sample at 123.5 nm. Narrow emission bands at the required wavelengths were produced by microwave excitation of hydrogen and krypton in a lamp. Recorded spectral line profiles of lamp emission are presented as well as model results for the fitting of the absorption data recorded during the course of experimentation. Our results indicate a maximum hydrogen atom concentration of approximately 0.5% around the sampling orifice. This value is affected by radical loss mechanisms such as wall recombination and boundary layer mixing near the probe.
Patient with terbinafine-induced subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus followed by thalidomide-induced orofacial neuropathy; Beta blocker use, hypertension, and the risk of psoriasis; eczematous reaction to intravenous immunoglobulin; nicolau syndrome after intra-articular glucocorticoid injection; troponin leak associated with drug-induced methemoglobinemia.

Chair and Clinical Professor, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Clinical Advisor, Institute for Safe Medication Practices, Horsham, Pennsylvania The purpose of this feature is to heighten awareness of specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), discuss methods of prevention, and promote reporting of ADRs to the US Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA’s) MedWatch program (800-FDA-1088). If you have reported an interesting, preventable ADR to MedWatch, please consider sharing the account with our readers. Write to Dr. Mancano at ISMP, 200 Lakeside Drive, Suite 200, Horsham, PA 19044 (phone: 215-707-4936; e-mail: mmancano@temple.edu). Your report will be published anonymously unless otherwise requested. This feature is provided by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) in cooperation with the FDA’s MedWatch program and Temple University School of Pharmacy. ISMP is an FDA MedWatch partner.
A novel model to combine clinical and pathway-based transcriptomic information for the prognosis prediction of breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide. With the increasing awareness of heterogeneity in breast cancers, better prediction of breast cancer prognosis is much needed for more personalized treatment and disease management. Towards this goal, we have developed a novel computational model for breast cancer prognosis by combining the Pathway Deregulation Score (PDS) based pathifier algorithm, Cox regression and L1-LASSO penalization method. We trained the model on a set of 236 patients with gene expression data and clinical information, and validated the performance on three diversified testing data sets of 606 patients. To evaluate the performance of the model, we conducted survival analysis of the dichotomized groups, and compared the areas under the curve based on the binary classification. The resulting prognosis genomic model is composed of fifteen pathways (e.g., P53 pathway) that had previously reported cancer relevance, and it successfully differentiated relapse in the training set (log rank p-value = 6.25e-12) and three testing data sets (log rank p-value < 0.0005). Moreover, the pathway-based genomic models consistently performed better than gene-based models on all four data sets. We also find strong evidence that combining genomic information with clinical information improved the p-values of prognosis prediction by at least three orders of magnitude in comparison to using either genomic or clinical information alone. In summary, we propose a novel prognosis model that harnesses the pathway-based dysregulation as well as valuable clinical information. The selected pathways in our prognosis model are promising targets for therapeutic intervention.
Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in Photobacterium phosphoreum

The aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were evaluated for their effects on the in vivo bioluminescence of Photobacterium phosphoreum. Their order of potency for producing cytotoxic effects was AFB1 > AFG1 > AFB2 > AFG2. The mutagenic effects of these compounds were determined with a dark mutant of P. phosphoreum. Both aflatoxin B1 and G1 induced luminescent revertants in a manner similar to mutagenic chemicals known to attack guanine sites in DNA, but no inductive activity was observed for aflatoxin B2 or aflatoxin G2 at the concentrations tested.
Gender Attitudes Mediate Gender Differences in Attitudes Toward Adoption in Guatemala

Gender differences in gender role attitudes, including machismo, and attitudes toward adoption were studied in Guatemala, a country that provides a large number of children for international adoption. Guatemalan university students (N = 152) completed the machismo subscale of the Multiphasic Assessment of Cultural Constructs–short form (Cuellar, Arnold, & Gonzalez, 1995), the attitudes toward women scale for adolescents (Galambos, Peterson, Richards, & Gitelson, 1985), and an adoption beliefs scale developed for the present study. Men endorsed more machismo, more traditional gender role attitudes, and held less favorable attitudes toward adoption than women did. Gender differences in adoption attitudes were mediated by machismo and gender role attitudes. These results suggest that machismo and traditional gender role attitudes may serve as barriers in the promotion of intra-country adoption.
Construction of a cDNA library from polyadenylated RNA of Bacillus subtilis and the determination of some 3′-terminal sequences

We had found previously that polyadenylated RNA constitutes a surprisingly large fraction of mRNA in both Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis [Gopalakrishna et al., Nucl. Acids Res. 9 (1981) 3545-3554; Biochem. 21 (1982) 2724-2729]. We have also shown [Gopalakrishna and Sarkar, J. Biol. Chem. 257 (1982) 2747-2750] that polyadenylated RNA from B. subtilis can serve as a template for the synthesis of complementary DNA by reverse transcriptase using oligo(dT) as primer. In this work, we show that the cDNA thus synthesized contains sequences representative of poly(A)+RNA and can serve as template for double-stranded (ds) cDNA synthesis. The ds cDNA could be inserted into the PstI site of pBR322 and cloned in E. coli DH1. The cDNA inserts from a few cloned recombinant pBR322 plasmids were transferred to M13mp18 bacteriophage for sequence determination. Six cDNA species had terminal oligo(dT) sequences, indicating that they represented the complement of poly(A)+RNA. This constitutes independent and direct evidence for the existence of bacterial polyadenylated mRNA and opens the way for studying the nucleotide sequences that control polyadenylation.
Evaluation of Histamine and Other Biogenic Amines and Bacterial Isolation in Canned Anchovies Recalled by the USFDA

: Histamine and other biogenic amines were evaluated in canned anchovies recalled by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In addition, bacteria were isolated from the products and identified to species. The recalled products were divided into 2 groups of high and low histamine, depending on the histamine contents as determined by the AOAC method. The high histamine group had the histamine contents >200 ppm, and 24 of the 30 cans analyzed belonged to this group. The most prevalent biogenic amine in this group was histamine followed by cadaverine. On the other hand, the low histamine group of 6 cans contained approximately 50 ppm histamine. The most prevalent biogenic amine found in this group of samples was cadaverine at levels >200 ppm. Other biogenic amines, such as putrescine, serotonin, and spermidine, were also detected in all the products, although at varied levels. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial counts, if present in all of the recalled products, were below the detection limit of 102 colony-forming units (CFU)/g. Bacteria were recovered only after enrichment of the test samples. They were mostly halophilic bacteria. Bacillus spp. were most frequently identified, followed by Staphylococcus spp. However, these isolates produced negligible amounts of histamine in culture broth, indicating that they are not the contributors to histamine accumulation in the canned anchovies.
Understanding the risks associated with resource allocation decisions in health: An illustration of the importance of portfolio theory

While a number of health economists have recently applied portfolio theory to the economic evaluation of health care, its importance for resource allocation and medical decision making has not been well illustrated. Portfolio theory is concerned with optimal investment strategies, based on both return and risk, and demonstrates the potential benefits from pooling different investments into a single portfolio. Portfolio theory differs from other methods that focus on risk in medicine as it focuses on the variance around the mean for a single aggregated health outcome measure. This paper demonstrates the importance of using a portfolio theory framework when evaluating a number of health interventions from the perspective of a representative individual and it expands upon the existing literature on portfolio theory in several ways. First, it highlights the importance of distinguishing between risk and uncertainty. Next, it demonstrates that portfolio theory has implications for all types of statistical analy...
Thoracic malignant fibrous histiocytoma metastatic to the tongue and skin of the face

A 60-year-old white man was found to to have metastatic malignant fibrous histocytoma in the tongue and facial skin 15 months after diagnosis of the primary lesion in the thorax. This is believed to be only the fourth reported case of this tumor metastatic to the oral cavity and the first lingual metastasis from outside the jaws.
Toward a phenomenology of attention

There is a considerable amount of research being done on attention by cognitive psychologists. I claim that in the process of measuring and mapping consciousness, these researchers have missed important phenomenological findings. After a synopsis and illustration of the nature of attention as described by Aron Gurwitsch, I critique the assumptions of current psychological research on this topic. Included is discussion of the metaphor of attention as a “beam” or “spotlight”, the concept of selective attention as the standard accomplishment, and the cognitive bestowal of organization on otherwise unorganized data. It is concluded that cognitive psychologists and others working on attention can benefit from Gurwitsch's work, and that a credible account of attention is crucial to the success of any comprehensive statement on the nature of consciousness.
Neuromuscular blocking properties of lincomycin

The intravenous injection of lincomycin (12.5, 25, and 50 mg./Kg.) into rabbits produced a dose-related neuromuscular blockade. This blockade was not reversed by the injection of neostigmine methylsulfate.
Acute intermittent porphyria: A single-base deletion and a nonsense mutation in the human hydroxymethylbilane synthase gene, predicting truncations of the enzyme polypeptide

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) is an autosomal-dominant inborn error of metabolism that results from the half-normal activity of the third enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway, hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMB-synthase). AIP is an ecogenetic condition, since the life-threatening acute attacks are precipitated by various factors, including drugs, alcohol, fasting, and certain hormones. Biochemical diagnosis is problematic, and the identification of mutations in the HMB-synthase gene provides accurate detection of presymptomatic heterozygotes, permitting avoidance of the acute precipitating factors. By direct solid-phase sequencing, two mutations causing AIP were identified, an adenine deletion at position 629 in exon 11(629delA), which alters the reading frame and predicts premature truncation of the enzyme protein after amino acid 255, and a nonsense mutation in exon 12 (R225X). These mutations were confirmed by either restriction enzyme analysis or family studies of symptomatic patients, permitting accurate presymptomatic diagnosis of affected relatives.
The Myth behind the Subject Leader as a School Key Player

A school subject leader (SL) is formally considered to make a difference in the educational system as a leader of a professional learning community, being responsible for the efficient and effective performance of the subject department. Since the department entails frequent and significant interactions among teachers, and organizational structures of schools contribute to innovation, the SL calls for a role that has characteristics of both a manager and a transformational leader. However, there seems to be less qualitative information in contemporary literature about the SL’s act as a facilitating key player among departmental teachers. In order to study the real‐life role of an SL, I chose as my unit of case study research English SLs, departmental teachers, and school principals, all working in five high schools in the centre of Israel. Semi‐structured interviews, non‐participant observations, and a reflective diary assisted me in accompanying each school. The cases were particularly different both in ...
Blast measurements and equivalency for spherical charges at small scaled distances

Abstract An experimental program was conducted to obtain direct measurements of side-on overpressures at small scaled distances from spherical charges of six different high explosives. The pressure-time recordings made on the experiments were processed to obtain peak over pressures, shock wave arrival times, side-on impulses, and positive durations of the incident or side-on pressure pulse. In addition to comparisons of the data with TNT reference curves for these four parameters, TNT equivalency for each explosive was obtained based on side-on peak overpressures and impulses.
Serine and threonine glycosidic linkages in bovine submaxillary mucin.

Abstract Gottschalk, 1960 , Gottschalk and Murphy, 1961 a , Murphy and Gottschalk, 1961 b , Gottschalk, 1963 b provided evidence for ovine submaxillary mucin that the aspartic and glutamic acids of the peptide core are linked to oligosaccharide side chains mainly by ester bonds. Hashimoto and Pigman, 1962 , Hashimoto et al., 1963 suggested, after comparisons of the amino acid compositions of mucins from several different animals and of the glycopeptides formed by enzymatic degradation of bovine submaxillary mucin that a glycosidic linkage through the hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine is more probable for this mucin. The presence of such a serine linkage was suggested for chondroitin sulfate by Anderson, Hoffman and Meyer (1968) because a disappearance of serine occurred after treatment with alkali; this was ascribed to a beta-elimination reaction from an O-substituted serine with the creation of a double bond and a loss of serine. In the present work, the reductive cleavage of bovine submaxillary mucin by alkaline sodium borohydride is reported. The premise was that if the hydroxyl groups of serine or threonine are involved in glycosidic linkage, reduction of the double bonds by alkaline borohydride may occur after the beta elimination reaction and that a conversion to alanine or to α-aminobutyric acid would result. In this communication it is reported that treatment of bovine submaxillary mucin with sodium borohydride caused an extensive conversion of serine to alanine and a small conversion of threonine to α-aminobutyric acid.
Lap-belt syndrome: management of aortic intimal dissection in a 7-year-old child with a constellation of injuries

We present a case of lap-belt motor vehicle injury in a 7-year-old male who was admitted with abdominal ecchymoses and pain with associated aortic intimal flap, bowel injury, hemoperitoneum, and retroperitoneal hematoma at initial imaging with CT. Most of these findings were confirmed at subsequent laparotomy, and the patient underwent operative repair of bowel injuries. His aortic intimal flap was followed with US and color Doppler imaging during which time he was treated conservatively until there was sonographic evidence of intimal healing. This patient illustrates a multimodality approach to imaging and conservative management.
Probing and Oviposition Behavior of the Bayberry Whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Young and Mature Lemon Leaves

The probing and Oviposition behaviors of bayberry whitefly, Parabemisia myricae (Kuwana), on young and mature excised lemon leaves were studied. Discrimination among leaf ages took place on the leaf surface, not after phloem feeding. Ninety-two percent of contacts with the leaf surface resulted in a probe on young leaves compared with 31% on mature leaves ( P < 0.0001). In contrast to long probes ≥2 min) observed on young leaves, none of the probes on mature leaves were greater than 40 s in duration and half the probes on mature leaves were terminated within 8 s of initiation. This suggests that mature leaves were rejected prior to penetration of the thick mature leaf cuticle. Seven pairs of previously undescribed sensoria were found at the apex of the whitefly's rostrum, and may play a role in host selection at the leaf surface. Oviposition occurred only on young leaves. Half the ovipositions took place within a minute of probe initiation, indicating that oviposition usually occurred before phloem feeding. When oviposition occurred during a probe, the probe was usually terminated shortly after oviposition (median = 5.5 s) and subsequent probes tended to be long (≥10 min).
One Carbon Metabolism in SAR11 Pelagic Marine Bacteria

The SAR11 Alphaproteobacteria are the most abundant heterotrophs in the oceans and are believed to play a major role in mineralizing marine dissolved organic carbon. Their genomes are among the smallest known for free-living heterotrophic cells, raising questions about how they successfully utilize complex organic matter with a limited metabolic repertoire. Here we show that conserved genes in SAR11 subgroup Ia (Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique) genomes encode pathways for the oxidation of a variety of one-carbon compounds and methyl functional groups from methylated compounds. These pathways were predicted to produce energy by tetrahydrofolate (THF)-mediated oxidation, but not to support the net assimilation of biomass from C1 compounds. Measurements of cellular ATP content and the oxidation of 14C-labeled compounds to 14CO2 indicated that methanol, formaldehyde, methylamine, and methyl groups from glycine betaine (GBT), trimethylamine (TMA), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) were oxidized by axenic cultures of the SAR11 strain Ca. P. ubique HTCC1062. Analyses of metagenomic data showed that genes for C1 metabolism occur at a high frequency in natural SAR11 populations. In short term incubations, natural communities of Sargasso Sea microbial plankton expressed a potential for the oxidation of 14C-labeled formate, formaldehyde, methanol and TMAO that was similar to cultured SAR11 cells and, like cultured SAR11 cells, incorporated a much larger percentage of pyruvate and glucose (27–35%) than of C1 compounds (2–6%) into biomass. Collectively, these genomic, cellular and environmental data show a surprising capacity for demethylation and C1 oxidation in SAR11 cultures and in natural microbial communities dominated by SAR11, and support the conclusion that C1 oxidation might be a significant conduit by which dissolved organic carbon is recycled to CO2 in the upper ocean.
Characterization of proteinase recovered from Pacific whiting surimi wash water

Pacific whiting surimi wash water (SWW) proteinase was recovered by ohmic heating, ultrafiltration, and freeze-drying. By these processes, 5.9-fold purification was achieved. The most efficient step was ohmic heating, which concentrated the proteinase by 4.8 fold. Specific activity of the recovered SWW proteinase on casein and Z-Phe-Arg-NMec was 28.2 and 0.17 U/mg protein, respectively. The SWW proteinase showed good hydrolytic activity towards casein, acid-denatured hemoglobin and myofibrils. Acidification increased specific activity on all substrates tested but reduced thermal stability. β-Mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol and urea enhanced activity against Z-Phe-Arg-NMec. Proteinase activity on Z-Phe-Arg-NMec showed an optimum pH of 4.0. The recovered proteinase showed 18.5% residual activity after 7 week storage at 4C.
Development of two radioimmunoassays to detect paclitaxel in sera and in cerebrospinal, ascitic, and pleural fluids

BACKGROUND Paclitaxel is an antimitotic agent isolated from the Pacific yew tree. It has demonstrated antitumor activity in several cancers and is the first of a new class of antineoplastic agents containing a taxane ring system. Its levels in serum and urine have been measured previously by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, the authors developed two competitive radioimmunoassay methods to determine whether they could reliably be used to measure levels of paclitaxel in sera and in cerebrospinal, ascitic, and pleural fluids. METHODS A monoclonal antibody prepared against paclitaxel was employed in an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA), in which 125I-labeled antibody was used, and in a more conventional tritiated radioimmunoassay (RIA),in which 3H-paclitaxel was used. RESULTS Both radioimmunoassays detected levels of paclitaxel in sera that were comparable to those observed with HPLC. However, the IRMA was the most sensitive. Only the IRMA was able to detect low levels of paclitaxel in cerebrospinal fluid after paclitaxel infusion and in sera 3 weeks after infusion. Both the IRMA and RIA methods were able to detect paclitaxel in ascitic and pleural fluids. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring paclitaxel levels reliably in sera and other bodily fluids is possible with these radioimmunoassays and may be of value in predicting and preventing toxicity and optimizing paclitaxel treatments. Cancer 1997; 79:1022-30. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Phytoremediation of mine tailings in temperate and arid environments

Phytoremediation is an emerging technology for the remediation of mine tailings, a global problem for which conventional remediation technologies are costly. There are two approaches to phytoremediation of mine tailings, phytoextraction and phytostabilization. Phytoextraction involves translocation of heavy metals from mine tailings to the plant shoot biomass followed by plant harvest, while phytostabilization focuses on establishing a vegetative cap that does not shoot accumulate metals but rather immobilizes metals within the tailings. Phytoextraction is currently limited by low rates of metal removal which is a combination of low biomass production and insufficiently high metal uptake into plant tissue. Phytostabilization is currently limited by a lack of knowledge of the minimum amendments required (e.g., compost, irrigation) to support long-term plant establishment. This review addresses both strategies within the context of two specific climate types: temperate and arid. In temperate environments, mine tailings are a source of metal leachates and acid mine drainage that contaminate nearby waterways. Mine tailings in arid regions are subject to eolian dispersion and water erosion. Examples of phytoremediation within each of these environments are discussed. Current research suggests that phytoextraction, due to high implementation costs and long time frames, will be limited to sites that have high land values and for which metal removal is required. Phytostabilization, due to lower costs and easier implementation, will be a more commonly used approach. Complete restoration of mining sites is an unlikely outcome for either approach.
E-government: a special case of ICT-enabled business process change

The literature on business process reengineering (BPR) has evolved into a strand of literature which studies organizational change (OC), and more specifically, business process change (BPC), induced and enabled by information and communication technology (ICT). With the unfolding of electronic government (e-government) changes to the way government works also seem to be imminent. Electronic government increasingly impacts business processes and workflows in the public sector. The BPC/ICT research, hence, has the capacity to directly inform both the research and practice of electronic government. In this paper, the findings of the BPC/ICT literature are reviewed and discussed regarding their applicability to electronic government. Both the theory and preliminary empirical evidence suggest that electronic government must be seen as a special case of ICT-enabled business process change.
Three-Dimensional Wave Theory of Optical Image Formation from Scattered Sound*

A three-dimensional wave theory for the scattering of light by sound waves in a fluid is presented that clearly indicates the formation of optical images of objects immersed in the sound field. This technique, introduced by Korpel, allows real-time visualization of internal structure in opaque objects. In this paper, a scattering theory due to Wolf [ Opt. Commun.1, 153 ( 1969)] is adapted to this problem and a general three-dimensional theory is developed in which both the sound and the light fields are represented by expansion into angular spectra of plane waves. This new theory describes the imaging phenomena without the use of Bragg’s law or similar additional physical assumptions and yields important image information, such as sufficiency conditions for image formation and a description of the location and character of the image.
High gain AlInAs/GaInAs/InP HEMT's with individually grounded source finger vias

High gain, millimeter wave AlInAs/GaInAs/InP HEMT's with individually grounded source finger vias have been fabricated for the first time using a high resolution Cl/sub 2/:HBr:BCl/sub 3/:Ar RIE process. For comparison of device characteristics at millimeter wave frequencies, HEMT's with end source vias were also fabricated on the same wafer. Fixtured RF characterization has revealed significant reduction in source inductance and reverse transmission in addition to higher gain on devices with individual source vias. These superior RF characteristics exhibited by the HEMT with individually grounded source finger vias illustrate the importance of the via technology for high performance InP-based millimeter wave system applications. >
Automatic detection of immutable fields in Java

This paper introduces techniques to detect mutability of fields and classes in Java. A variable is considered to be mutable if a new value is stored into it, as well as if any of its reachable variables is mutable. We present a static flow-sensitive analysis algorithm which can be applied to any Java component. The analysis classifies fields and classes as either mutable or immutable. In order to facilitate openworld analysis, the algorithm identifies situations that expose variables to potential modification by code outside the component, as well as situations where variables are modified by the analyzed code. We also present an implementation of the analysis which focuses on detecting mutability of class variables, so as to avoid isolation problems. The implementation incorporates intra- and inter-procedural data-flow analyses and is shown to be highly scalable. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithms.
Lysophosphatidic acid differentially regulates axonal mRNA translation through 5′ UTR elements

Abstract Sensory neurons transport a complex population of mRNAs into their axons, including many encoding ER chaperone proteins. Transport of the mRNA encoding the ER chaperone protein calreticulin is regulated through 3′UTR elements. In other cellular systems, translation of chaperone protein mRNAs can be regulated by ER stress. Here, we have asked if the translation of axonal calreticulin mRNA is regulated in a different manner than its transport into axons. Treatment with lysophosphatidic acid, which is known to trigger axon retraction and stimulate ER Ca2 + release, caused a translation-dependent increase in axonal calreticulin protein levels. RNA sequences in the 5′UTR of calreticulin confer this translational control through a mechanism that requires an inactivating phosphorylation of eIF2α. In contrast to calreticulin, these signaling events do not activate axonal translation through β-actin's 5′UTR. Together, these data indicate that stimulation of ER stress can regulate specificity of localized mRNA translation through 5′UTR elements.
Testing a Theoretical Model of the Stress Process in Alzheimer's Caregivers With Race as a Moderator

Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to test the stress process model (SPM; Pearlin, Mullan, Semple, & Skaff, 1990 ) in a racially diverse sample of Alzheimer ’ s caregivers (CGs) using structural equation modeling (SEM) and regression techniques. A secondary aim was to examine race or ethnicity as a moderator of the relation between latent constructs (e.g., subjective stressors and role strain) in the SPM. Sample : Participants included White or Caucasian ( n = 212), Black or African American ( n = 201), and Hispanic or Latino ( n = 196) Alzheimer ’ s CGs from the Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer ’ s Caregiver Health (REACH) II clinical trial. Results: SEM revealed that the Pearlin model obtains a satisfactory fi t across race or ethnicity in the REACH II data, despite signifi cant racial differences in each of the latent constructs. Race or ethnicity moderated the impact of resources on intrapsychic strain, such that CGs reported similar intrapsychic strain across race at lower levels of resources, but White or Caucasian CGs reported more intrapsychic strain than Black or African American or Hispanic or Latino CGs when resources are higher. Implications: Strengths and weaknesses for each race or ethnicity vary considerably, suggesting that interventions must target different aspects of the stress process to provide optimal benefi t for individuals of different cultural or ethnic backgrounds.
An adaptive logical link layer protocol for Underwater Acoustic Communication channels

Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) is characterized by long propagation delays and very noisy channels. Further, both the signal propagation speed and the channel bit error rate are not constant but rather change dynamically depending on the depth and salinity of the water, the activity in the water's surface, the topography of the bottom, and many others factors. This paper builds upon our previous work on logical link control protocols for underwater communications improving the performance of the SW-MER protocol by making it adaptive to channel conditions. In the proposed adaptive version, the protocol exchanges channel quality information to change the number of retransmitted copies, improving the throughput without compromising the reliability of SW-MER. Our simulation experiments with Bernoulli errors and synthetic traces demonstrate that the throughput can be improved in as much as 15% compared with the non-adaptive original version.
Instability of a compressed elastic film on a viscous layer

A flat, compressed elastic film on a viscous layer is unstable. The film can form wrinkles to reduce the elastic energy. A linear perturbation analysis is performed to determine the critical wave number and the growth rate of the unstable modes. While the viscous layer has no effect on the critical wave number, its viscosity and thickness set the time scale for the growth of the perturbations. The fastest growing wave number and the corresponding growth rate are obtained as functions of the compressive strain and the thickness ratio between the viscous layer and the elastic film. The present analysis is valid for all thickness range of the viscous layer. In the limits of infinitely thick and thin viscous layers, the results reduce to those obtained in the previous studies. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Power allocation for cooperative relaying in wireless networks

Power allocation strategies are developed for amplify-and-forward cooperative relaying networks in fading channels. The average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and outage performances are optimized in some sense by maximizing the sum and product, respectively, of the average SNR of the direct link and an upper bound on the SNR of the relay link. The power allocation strategies require knowledge of only the mean strengths of the channels.
Brief announcement: the design of an internet-scale monitoring and assertion-checking infrastructure

In this paper, we describe the design of a global infrastructure for monitoring and assertion-checking which is scalable and resilient to network and node failures, leveraging the benefits of distributed hash tables. Our mechanism distributes the event notification, predicate evaluation, and predicate reporting tasks across the Internet and is orthogonal to the specific monitoring techniques deployed. Our approach creates a hierarchy of event reporting and monitoring relationships, decoupling the event notification task from the monitored node and facilitating decomposition of the predicate evaluation and monitoring task if the semantics of the monitoring approach permits. The proposed infrastructure is designed for a best effort monitoring service, but may be strengthened to support stronger guarantees. The proposed has many desirable properties, including scalability, efficient routing, load balancing and good behavior under flash crowds, resiliency to node failure, including failure of monitored hosts and monitoring end-hosts, loose coupling of the monitored hosts and the monitoring task, and self-organizing behavior.
View-invariant tensor null-space representation for multiple motion trajectory retrieval and classification

In this paper, we propose a novel general framework for tensor based null space affine invariants, namely, tensor null space invariants (TNSI) with a linear classifier for high order data classification and retrieval. We first derive TNSI, which is perfectly invariant to multidimensional affine transformations due to camera motions for multiple motion trajectories in consecutive motion events. We subsequently propose an efficient classification and retrieval system relying on TNSI for archiving and searching motion events consisting of multiple motion trajectories. The simulation results demonstrate superior performance of the proposed systems.
Parallelizing skyline queries for scalable distribution

Skyline queries help users make intelligent decisions over complex data, where different and often conflicting criteria are considered. Current skyline computation methods are restricted to centralized query processors, limiting scalability and imposing a single point of failure. In this paper, we address the problem of parallelizing skyline query execution over a large number of machines by leveraging content-based data partitioning. We present a novel distributed skyline query processing algorithm (DSL) that discovers skyline points progressively. We propose two mechanisms, recursive region partitioning and dynamic region encoding, to enforce a partial order on query propagation in order to pipeline query execution. Our analysis shows that DSL is optimal in terms of the total number of local query invocations across all machines. In addition, simulations and measurements of a deployed system show that our system load balances communication and processing costs across cluster machines, providing incremental scalability and significant performance improvement over alternative distribution mechanisms.
GENETIC CONTROL OF ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE SYNTHESIS IN NEUROSPORA: THE USE OF PARTIAL DIPLOIDS IN DOMINANCE STUDIES

ABSTRACT In wild-type Neurospora , alkaline phosphatase is made under conditions of phosphate limitation, but not conditions of phosphate sufficiency. Mutants at two unlinked loci, nuc-1 and nuc-2 , do not make alkaline phosphatase under any conditions, while mutants at two quite closely linked loci, pcon and preg, make alkaline phosphatase even under conditions of phosphate sufficiency. pcon is extremely closely linked to nuc-2 . nuc-2 and preg c (constitutive) mutants are recessive to their wild-type alleles in partial diploids as well as in heterokaryons, while pcon c mutants are dominant or co-dominant. nuc-1 is epistatic to both pcon c and preg c mutants. The implications of these findings for theories of metabolic control in eukaryotes are briefly discussed.
Carcinogens and mutagens that may occur in foods

The principal carcinogens and mutagens that have been identified in human foods are reviewed. These agents may occur in foods as naturally occurring components (e.g., metabolites made by plant or fungal cells), components of contaminating plants or microorganisms, food additives (usually unintentional), or products that arise during processing or cooking. In the mixed diets of developed countries the levels of the known carcinogens and mutagens are very low. However, serious contamination of foods by the potent hepatocarcinogen aflatoxin B1 has occurred in some parts of the world; contamination by N-nitroso compounds or their precursors is another important concern. Extrapolation of the data on the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of chemicals that can occur in foods to an accurate estimation of the potential hazard to human populations is not yet possible.
Load transfer in composite bolted joints

The study deals with composite bolted joints, specifically those required to transmit primary loads. Consideration is given to the ultimate load capacity of quasi-isotropic bolted joint specimens as a function of the width of the joint, the diameter of the bolt, the joint thickness, and the number of bolts. Emphasis is placed on the effect of adding a second bolt, in tandem, on the load capacity of the joint.
A switched reluctance motor model with mutual coupling and multi-phase excitation

A novel switched reluctance motor (SRM) magnetic equivalent circuit model with mutual coupling and multiphase excitation is presented which successfully predicts the magnetic behavior of an SRM with multiple phase at a time excitation. The model is new in that it spreads the saturable elements throughout the machine rather than at the tooth tips. This allows the dominant mutual coupling effect, core saturation during multi-phase excitation, to be modeled. The authors describe methods for calculating or functionally representing values for the circuit elements given the machine geometry and a minimum number of finite-element models, a method for modeling saturable materials, and a method for solving the resulting mesh for flux values given excitation levels. The model results are compared with intermediate finite-element results. >
Molecular Pathways: Targeting Diacylglycerol Kinase Alpha in Cancer

Lipid kinases have largely been neglected as targets in cancer, and an increasing number of reports suggest diacylglycerol kinase alpha (DGKα) may be one with promising therapeutic potential. DGKα is one of 10 DGK family members that convert diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PA), and both DAG and PA are critical lipid second messengers in the plasma membrane. A host of important oncogenic proteins and pathways affect cancer cells in part through DGKα, including the c-Met and VEGF receptors. Others partially mediate the effects of DGKα inhibition in cancer, such as mTOR and HIF-1α. DGKα inhibition can directly impair cancer cell viability, inhibits angiogenesis, and notably may also boost T-cell activation and enhance cancer immunotherapies. Although two structurally similar inhibitors of DGKα were established decades ago, they have seen minimal in vivo usage, and it is unlikely that either of these older DGKα inhibitors will have utility for cancer. An abandoned compound that also inhibits serotonin receptors may have more translational potential as a DGKα inhibitor, but more potent and specific DGKα inhibitors are sorely needed. Other DGK family members may also provide therapeutic targets in cancer, but require further investigation.
Relevance of Histocomp Atibility Testing in Clinical Transplantation

This article discusses HLA antigen identification procedures and the relevance of matching donor-recipient HLA to renal allograft survival. Moreover, cross-match procedures are diScussed in light of their ability to detect relevant recipient antidonor immunity and its correlation to graft outcome.