cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determining earthquake recurrence intervals from deformational structures in young lacustrine sediments

Examination of the silty sediments in the lower Van Normal reservoir after the 1971 San Fernando, California earthquake revealed three zones of deformational structures in the 1-m-thick sequence of sediments exposed over about 2 km2 of the reservoir bottom. These zones are correlated with moderate earthquakes that shook the San Fernando area in 1930, 1952, and 1971. The success of this study, coupled with the experimental formation of deformational structures similar to those of the Van Norman reservoir, led to a search for similar structures in Pleistocene and Holocene lakes and lake sediments in other seismically active areas. Thus, studies have been started in Pleistocene and Holocene silty and sandy lake sediments in the Imperial Valley, southeastern California; Clear Lake, in northern California; and the Puget Sound area of Washington. The Imperial Valley study has yielded spectacular results: five zones of structures in the upper 10 m of Late Holocene sediments near Brawley have been correlated over an area of approximately 100 km2, using natural outcrops. These structures are similar to those of the Van Norman reservoir and are interpreted to represent at least five moderate to large earthquakes that affected the southern Imperial Valley area during Late Holocene time. The Clear Lake study has provided ambiguous results with respect to determination of earthquake recurrence intervals because the cores studied are in clayey rich in organic material sediments that have low liquefaction potential. A study of Late Pleistocene varved glacio-lacustrine sediments has been started in the Puget Sound area of Washington, and thirteen sites have been examined. One has yielded 18.75 m of sediments that contains 1,804 varves and fourteen deformed zones interpreted as being caused by earthquake, because they are identical to structures formed experimentally by simulated seismic shaking. Correlation of deformational structures with seismic events is based on: 1. (1) proximity to presently active seismic zones; 2. (2) presence of potentially liquefiable sediments; 3. (3) similarity to structures formed experimentally; 4. (4) small-scale internal structures within deformed zones that suggest liquefaction; 5. (5) structures restricted to single stratigraphic intervals; 6. (6) zones of structures correlatable over large areas; and 7. (7) absence of detectable influence by slopes, slope failures, or other sedimentological, biological, or deformational processes.
Evaluation of soldering, washout and thermal fatigue resistance of advanced metal materials for aluminum die-casting dies

Abstract Anviloy1150, H13, Mo-785, Ti–6Al–4V, Ni-718, cast iron, and copper-base alloys have been evaluated for their resistances to soldering, washout, and thermal fatigue. Anviloy1150 shows the best soldering and washout resistance, followed by Ti–6Al–4V, Mo-785, H13, and Ni-718. Anviloy1150 and Mo-785 also show the best resistance to thermal fatigue and H13 is in the middle while Ti–6Al–4V shows very bad thermal fatigue resistance. Difficulty is found to evaluate the thermal fatigue resistance of Ni-718.
Isolation of a cyclopropane-containing product from the rearrangement of a 3-aza-3-ene-1,5-diyne under acid catalysis

Abstract A 3-aza-enediyne that undergoes rapid aza-Bergman rearrangement was treated with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in the presence of 1,4-cyclohexadiene in an attempt to trap the putative 2,5-didehydropyridinium aza-Bergman intermediate. No pyridine products were detected; rather, a cyclopropane derivative of 1,4-cyclohexadiene derived from a 5-oxazolylcarbene was isolated.
REPERTOIRE TURNOVER AND THE TIMING OF SONG ACQUISITION IN EUROPEAN STARLINGS

In order to establish unambiguously whether a reputed open-ended learner, the European starling, could memorize new songs in adulthood, we exposed hand-reared male starlings to a series of either live conspecific tutors or tape recordings of conspecific song over a period of 18 months, and isolated them from any other exposure to conspecific song. The song motifs produced by the birds were compared with those of their tutors or training tapes to infer the time of motif memorization. We found that the starlings continued to memorize and produce new song motifs, both within and between breeding seasons, up to the age of at least 18 months. Not all the new motifs in the repertoires had been recently memorized; in some cases there was an apparent lag of a year and a half between memorization and production. There were no significant differences between live-tutored and tape-tutored groups in the timing of learning or in the rate of repertoire turnover (55-92% new motifs in each repertoire sample), although, as we have reported previously, live-tutored birds imitated a greater number of motifs and developed larger repertoires.
Cutaneous manifestations of disseminated candidiasis

Recognition of the characteristic cutaneous lesions of disseminated candidiasis may allow earlier diagnosis and treatment of this often fatal fungal infection. The skin lesion developed in patients with hematologic malignancies and compromised host defenses, at a time when they were febrile, clinically deteriorating, and failing to respond to multiple antibiotics. This report discusses two patients with acute myelogenous leukemia with cutaneous manifestations of disseminated candidiasis due to Candida tropicalis. Single or multiple erythematous or purpuric 0.5- to 1-cm papulonodules with pale centers were seen on the trunk and proximal extremities. In most reported cases of disseminated candidiasis with skin lesions, the diagnosis can be confirmed by histologic evaluation of a skin biopsy before appropriate cultures identify the organism.
Scheduling flexible manufacturing cells using Tabu Search

Scheduling is an important aspect in the overall control of a flexible manufacturing system. The research presented focuses on production scheduling of jobs within a flexible manufacturing cell (FMC)–one type of flexible manufacturing system. Due to the complexity of the FMC scheduling problem, a 0–1 mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated for M machines and N jobs with alternative routings. Although small instances of the problem can be solved optimally with MILP models, a two-stage Tabu Search (TS2 ) algorithm that minimises the manufacturing makespan (MS) is proposed to solve medium-to-large-scale problems more efficiently. During Stage I (construction phase), two heuristics are utilised to generate an initial feasible sequence and an initial MS solution. In Stage II (improvement phase), the acquired initial solutions from Stage I are combined with a Tabu Search meta-heuristic procedure that provides improved MS solutions. The TS2 algorithm provides tremendous savings in computation...
A General Circulation Model Study of January Climate Anomaly Patterns Associated with Interannual Variation of Equatorial Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures

Abstract A general circulation model has been run in the perpetual January mode to produce several long-term simulations, each distinguished by a different imposed equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature. From each of them simulations we have extracted an eight-member ensemble of 90-day averaged fields. Ensemble-mean difference maps are presented in this paper, together with an estimate of the statistical significance of features which appear in thee maps. These results are compared with observational studies in the literature that present difference maps of Northern Hemisphere winter fields composited according to some index related to the two extremes of equatorial Pacific sea-surface temperature variation. The results show many anomaly patterns of high statistical significance that are also in good agreement with those observed. In the tropics, them include 990 mb wind, sea level pressure and rainfall anomalies constituting the Southern Oscillation, as well as a 200 mb height anomaly at all longitud...
MIMO adaptive beamforming for nonseparable multipath clutter mitigation

The performance of ground-moving target indicator radars is often degraded in complex terrain by multipath spread-Doppler clutter. Multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) beamforming with limited training data has been previously proposed with separable transmit and receive weights appropriate for discrete multipath scenarios. In this paper, partially adaptive MIMO beamforming is presented for suppression of a nonseparable continuum of multipath clutter with limited training data. Simulation results for a forward-looking vehicle-mounted radar in a simplified urban environment are described.
Direct-injection NMR (DI-NMR): a flow NMR technique for the analysis of combinatorial chemistry libraries.

A new tool for analyzing compound libraries by NMR has been developed. Aliquots of solution-state samples (between 120 and 350 μL) are directly injected, using a standard liquids handler, into an NMR (LC-NMR) flow probe. Automated NMR software tracksand suppressesintense signals arising from the nondeuterated solvents used (if any) and acquires high-sensitivity one-dimensional 1H NMR spectra. An 88-member combinatorial library, dissolved in DMSO and stored in a 96-well microtiter plate, has been analyzed a number of ways using this technique. This nondestructive technique, which we call direct-injection NMR (DI-NMR) and which is embodied in our versatile automated sample changer (VAST) hardware, has proven to be both routine and robust. Our success in automatically acquiring the NMR data for entire plates of library compounds (within 4−8 h) has caused us to develop new ways to display and analyze the resulting NMR data, as will be shown here.
Effect of criminal justice mandate on drug treatment completion in women

AbstractBackground: Drug and alcohol abuse among women is a growing problem in the United States. Drug treatment is an effective way to manage the psychological, biological, financial, and social cost of drug abuse. Prior research has identified criminal justice referrals or coercion as a predictor of treatment completion among men but questions remain about the same effect in women. Objectives: This study uses the Treatment Episodes Datasets Discharge 2006–2008 (TEDS-D) to explore the association between coercion and treatment completion among women. Methods: Analysis compared primary treatment episodes of coerced women to those who entered treatment voluntarily. A logistic model of the odds of treatment success was performed controlling for race/ethnicity, age, education, employment, primary substance of abuse, number of substances reported at admission, referral source, treatment setting, and treatment duration. Results: 582 671 primary treatment episodes were analyzed comparing women with coercion ref...
An Efficient Interlaced Multi-Shell Sampling Scheme for Reconstruction of Diffusion Propagators

In this paper, we propose an interlaced multi-shell sampling scheme for the reconstruction of the diffusion propagator from diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). In standard multi-shell sampling schemes, sample points are uniformly distributed on several spherical shells in q-space. The distribution of sample points is the same for all shells, and is determined by the vertices of a selected polyhedron. We propose a more efficient interlaced scheme where sample points are different on alternating shells and are determined by the vertices of a pair of dual polyhedra. Since it samples more directions than the standard scheme, this method offers increased angular discrimination. Another contribution of this work is the application of optimal sampling lattices to q-space data acquisition and the proposal of a model-free reconstruction algorithm, which uses the lattice dependent sinc interpolation function. It is shown that under this reconstruction framework, the body centered cubic (BCC) lattice provides increased accuracy. The sampling scheme and the reconstruction algorithms were evaluated on simulated data as well as rat brain data collected on a 600 MHz (14.1T) Bruker imaging spectrometer.
Structural identification and simulation of a MAV forewing

Abstract The dynamic forced response of the forewing of the Manduca sexta under a variety of loading conditions is determined through analytical and experimental methods. This work is a continuation of efforts to better model and simulate the biological system to garner a better understanding of the critical structural features of the wing for using in future bio-inspired designs. This work furthers previous efforts by providing a simple and intuitive way to capture critical geometry, material properties, and dynamic response from the forewing of the M. sexta species. Modal analysis simulations are performed analytically and tested using experimental techniques in both air and vacuum.
Control Mechanisms for Physiological Hypertrophy of Pregnancy

Background Pregnancy represents an excellent model of acute physiological hypertrophy and atrophy secondary to a transient hemodynamic load. This investigation examined the effects of pregnancy on ventricular mechanics using load-independent indexes of contractility to test the hypothesis that the cardiac trophic response functions as a servomechanism with wall stress as the feedback variable. Methods and Results Serial studies were performed in 33 women at six time periods during and shortly after normal gestation. Changes in ventricular dimension, wall thickness, and left ventricular mass were parallel to changes in body size. Fractional shortening and velocity of shortening progressively diminished during pregnancy, with a nadir at the first postpartum examination, despite a progressive fall in afterload. Cardiac index rose rapidly in early gestation and remained elevated throughout pregnancy. Peak wall stress was elevated in early gestation coincident with the rapid rise in cardiac index due to elevat...
Cryopreservation of Human Platelets Using 6% Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Storage at -80°

Platelet studies were done in healthy male volunteers and in thrombocytopenic patients. Some of the platelets used in the study were isolated by mechanical apheresis using either the Haemonetics blood processor 30, the IBM blood processor 2997 or the Fenwal CS-3000 blood processor before freezing. Other platelets were isolated from individual units of whole blood and pooled before freezing. The platelets were frozen with a 6% cryoprotectant (DMSO) in a polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastic bag or a polyolefin plastic bag at -80 degrees C in a mechanical freezer and stored for as long as 3 years. Some of the frozen platelets were transported in dry ice in polystyrene foam containers to determine whether they would be adversely affected by such treatment. Platelet recovery after freezing, thawing and washing was about 75%. In the healthy male volunteers, in vivo recovery of autologous platelets 1-2 h after transfusion was about 33%, and the life span was about 8 days. In the thrombocytopenic patients, in vivo recovery values were 50% of those from fresh platelets. The transfusion of previously frozen washed platelets reduced clinical bleeding in the thrombocytopenic patients with bleeding. There was no evidence of quality deterioration in platelets after storage at -80 degrees C for at least 2 years, as determined from in vivo recovery and in vivo survival values, nor was there any adverse effect as a result of shipment of the frozen platelets in dry ice in polystyrene foam containers from one facility to another.
Circumflex Coronary Artery Injury During Mitral Valve Replacement

he recent development of satisfactory prosthetic heart valves has greatly advanced the treatment of acquired mitral valve disease. T Although excision of a hopelessly damaged mitral valve and replacement with a prosthesis can usually be accomplished without difficulty, valve replacement may be associated with certain operative hazards. One of the more serious of these is injury to structures which lie in close proximity to the valve, particularly the circumflex coronary artery. T h e actual incidence of injury to this vessel is probably not reflected in published reports. In a recent review, Hughes [2] cites ten reported complications of Starr-Edwards mitral valve replacement but does not include injury to the circumflex coronary artery. It is listed, however, as a theoretical or possible complication. In order to emphasize the possibility of injury to the circumflex coronary artery during prosthetic valve insertion in the mitral area, three cases are presented below. They have been collected from a total of 178 mitral valve replacements which were performed at the University of Pennsylvania between February 26, 1962, and December 31, 1965, and at the University of Kentucky between January 1, 1966, and December 31, 1966. Mitral valve replacements done as single valve operations are included as well as those performed in combination with multiple valve procedures. Four of the prostheses used were of the Kay-Shiley type, two were Gott-Daggett valves, and the remainder were Starr-Edwards valves. A total of three senior cardiac surgeons performed or supervised the operations.
Observations on the woolly monkey ( Lagothrix lagothricha ) in northern Colombia

Woolly monkeys,Lagothrix lagothricha, were briefly studied in a cloud forest in Bolivar, Colombia during the dry season. Results suggest that this species is wholly arboreal, lives in multi-male heterosexual groups and does not defend territory. Woolly monkeys are folivorous and frugivorous. Social and auto-grooming are both reported. All age-sex classes except natal-coated infants and adult males indulge in play. Agonistic behaviour is very rare. There seem to be various consistent patterns of greeting behaviour and scent-marking of the environment was observed. Woolly monkeys tended to approach the observers rather than flee from them. They were observed in close proximity toCebus, Alouatta, andAteles species.
Maintained synaptophysin immunoreactivity in Tg2576 transgenic mice during aging: correlations with cognitive impairment.

Abstract Regional loss of synapses, particularly within the neocortex and hippocampus, is characteristic of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and strongly correlated with extent of cognitive impairment. The Tg2576 transgenic mouse model of AD develops Aβ-containing neuritic plaques by 10–16 months of age and shows cognitive impairment in several tasks. In the present study, synaptophysin immunoreactivity (SYN-IR; a marker for synaptic terminals) was evaluated in the neocortex and hippocampus of behaviorally-tested Tg2576 transgenic (Tg+) mice aged 3, 9, 14, and 19 months of age. In control non-transgenic (Tg−) mice, SYN-IR in both neocortex and hippocampus tended to decrease with age, while SYN-IR in Tg+ mice was maintained with age. Thus, 19M Tg+ mice exhibited significantly greater synaptophysin immunostaining compared to 19M Tg− mice in both inner and outer neocortical regions, as well as in the dentate gyrus’ outer molecular layer and polymorphic layer. Over all four age groups collectively, outer cortical SYN-IR was also greater in Tg+ compared to Tg− mice. Multiple factors could be responsible for maintained SYN-IR in aged Tg+ mice, including compensatory changes in synaptic morphology and staining of dystrophic neuritics associated with Aβ deposition. For all animals combined (Tg+ and Tg−), as well as for aged 19M animals alone, hippocampal SYN-IR was correlated with impaired acquisition and spatial reference memory in the Morris water maze task, suggestive that elevated hippocampal SYN-IR is a manifestation of pathophysiologic synaptic processing within the hippocampus. Also for 19M animals alone, hippocampal SYN-IR was highly correlated with impaired visible platform recognition, indicative that elevated SYN-IR is linked to visual agnosia. The results of this study are consistent with the premise that maintained SYN-IR in Tg2576 mice during aging is associated with impaired synaptic function, resulting in cognitive deficits.
Experimental study of localization and electron-electron interaction effects in thin Au wires

We have produced wires with diameters as small as 80 A\r{} by electroplating Au into etched nuclear tracks in mica. At low temperatures T, these wires exhibit a resistance R which increases as T is decreased, and below about 3 K, R varies approximately as ${T}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$. This, together with the magnitude of the resistance rise, is in reasonable agreement with previous results for somewhat larger lithographically produced wires made from other materials, and appears to be due predominantly to electron-electron interaction effects. The behavior at higher temperatures, 3\char21{}7 K, does not follow this functional form, and is somewhat different than has been observed in previous experiments. This behavior is not consistent with expectations based on electron-electron interaction theory alone, but may be accounted for, at least qualitatively, if one assumes that, while interactions are the major contributor to the resistance change, localization is also important in this range. By varying the thickness of the mica, it was possible to make wires as short as 1.5 \ensuremath{\mu}m. To within experimental error, the resistance rise is independent of the length of the wire. This appears to be different from the length dependence found for lithographically produced wires.
Clinical research and good clinical practice

Abstract Clinical research is one of the important missions of an academic Albert Einstein medical centre and forms the cornerstone for improvement of healthcare. Funding for clinical research has increased steadily over the past few decades, both from the US government and the pharmaceutical industry. In this chapter we will explore how clinical research contributes to improvements in patient care and medical education and describe the process of clinical research. Whereas there can be deficiencies in the process of conducting research, as evidenced by recent media reports, research involving human subjects is a necessary and crucial step in the mechanism of translating scientific discovery and technological advancement into procedures and products that offer the prospect of better lives for all of us. Guidelines on good clinical practice should be followed and, above all, trust between research subjects and investigators should always be upheld and respected.
A need-driven design approach: addressing latent needs in collaboration rooted in early childhood

When the latent needs are un-addressed, collaboration can be easily turned into a non-collaborative activity while the participants are unaware of why. This paper describes a need-driven approach for computer-supported collaborative interaction design, with specific focus on collaboration rooted in early childhood. We conducted a need-identification study, where explicit needs and latent needs in children's collaborative interaction were identified and constructed into a guideline for computer-supported collaboration design. Demonstrating the need-driven approach, a toolkit was designed and the prototype was evaluated based upon the guideline attempting to address the needs identified. The need-driven approach and the design guideline that the toolkit design was based upon may offer new dynamic domains for future computer-supported collaboration design.
Retrograde Superior Mesenteric Artery Stenting for Acute Mesenteric Arterial Thrombosis

Retrograde superior mesenteric artery stenting (ROMS) represents a significant development in the treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia. Compared to traditional surgical mesenteric bypass, ROMS is a less invasive technique that avoids many complications associated with emergent mesenteric bypass. This case report illustrates that retrograde superior mesenteric artery (SMA) stenting is an option for the treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia for patients in extremis.
Deep Play in a Poker Rally: A Sunday among the Ferraristi of Long Island

This article provides a narrative account of a “poker rally” conducted by Ferrari owners and enthusiasts on Long Island, New York. Evoking Clifford Geertz’s treatment of a Balinese cockfight, the author uses this elite event to interpret this ritual drama experientially and textually, thus offering a reading of Ferrari culture and of some persistent problems associated, ever since Geertz’s essay, with narrative ethnography.
Follicular and Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland.

Follicular and Hurthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid gland are uncommon tumors that are genotypically similar. Current and future diagnostic adjuncts, treatment, and postoperative follow-up for patients with follicular and Hurthle cell cancer are outlined. Risk factors for recurrence and mortality and the reported outcomes of treatment of follicular and Hurthle cell carcinoma are reviewed.
LARGE DEVIATIONS OF MULTIFRACTAL MEASURES

We analyze the extremes of stationary multifractal measures using large deviation theory. We consider various cases involving discrete multiplicative cascades: scalar or vector cascades with dependent or independent generators, bare or dressed measures, and marginal (single-point) or joint (multi-point) extremes. In each case, we obtain the scaling behavior of the probability of large deviations as the resolution of the cascade diverges. Existing rough exponential limits for scalar cascades are confirmed, whereas for other cases our scaling relationships differ from previously published results. For scalar cascades, we refine the rough limits by obtaining the asymptotic pre-factor to the exponential term. Based on these refined asymptotics, we propose a variant to the Probability Distribution/Multiple Scaling (PDMS) technique to estimate the co-dimension function c(γ).
A critical view of factors affecting successful application of normative and socio-technical systems development approaches

Abstract The approaches and tools used to develop information systems are often key factors in the ultimate success of these systems. Approaches may be classified as traditional, socio-technical, process automation, and alternative; tools are descriptive or normative. While the traditional approach and descriptive tools still dominate information system development, socio-technical approaches and normative tools are gaining favor. Process automation and alternative methodologies are, for the most part, experimental. This paper describes two socio-technical approaches and two normative tools, and presents six potential problems that could hinder their success; information requirements determination; system evaluation, maintenance, and modification; conflict; user/designer roles; short-term focus on success; and post-implementation synchronization of social and technical systems. As yet, there is no formal framework for relating problem characteristics and environment to appropriate approaches and tools. To realize this framework, research must address specific questions regarding approach and tool application. Therefore, the problems noted above are stated as propositions for investigation that should lead to better understanding of the conditions for applying socio-technical development and normative tools. The propositions also serve as example of the types of issues which should be considered in research leading to the aforementioned framework.
Dynamic Roughness as a Means of Leading-Edge Separation Flow Control

The aircraft industry, as a whole, has been deeply concerned with improving the aerodynamic efficiency of current and future flight vehicles, particularly in the commercial and military markets. However, of particular interest to the field of aerodynamics is the elusive concept of a workable flow control mechanism. Effective flow control is a concept which if properly applied can increase aerodynamic efficiency. Various concepts and ideas to obtain successful flow control have been studied in an attempt to reap these rewards. Some examples include boundary layer blowing (steady and periodic), suction, and synthetic jets. The overall goal of flow control is to increase performance. The specific objectives of flow control include: 1) delay or eliminate flow separation, 2) delay boundary layer transition or 3) reduce skin friction drag. The purpose of this research is to investigate dynamic surface roughness as a novel method of flow control technology for external boundary layer flows. As opposed to standard surface roughness, dynamic roughness incorporates small time dependent perturbations to the surface of the airfoil. These surface perturbations are actual humps and/or ridges that are on the scale of the laminar boundary layer, and oscillate with an unsteady motion. Research has shown that this can provide a means to modify the instantaneous and mean velocity profile near the wall and favorably control the existing state of the boundary layer. The results of this study have shown that dynamic roughness can be a viable alternative in delaying and/or eliminating the leading edge laminar separation bubble and hence reaping some of the rewards of an effective flow control system, while also maintaining some physical advantages over other techniques.
Intranasal Zinc in the Management of the Common Cold

Because zinc ions may prevent rhinovirus from attaching to and infecting cells in the nasal cavity, it has been recently hypothesized that direct application of ionic zinc to the nasal mucosa would...
Mathematical modeling and synthetic biology.

Synthetic biology is an engineering discipline that builds on our mechanistic understanding of molecular biology to program microbes to carry out new functions. Such predictable manipulation of a cell requires modeling and experimental techniques to work together. The modeling component of synthetic biology allows one to design biological circuits and analyze its expected behavior. The experimental component merges models with real systems by providing quantitative data and sets of available biological ‘parts’ that can be used to construct circuits. Sufficient progress has been made in the combined use of modeling and experimental methods, which reinforces the idea of being able to use engineered microbes as a technological platform.
Monitoring the Mechanism of Fiber Assembly of AB Peptides in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) by Two-Dimensional Ultraviolet (2DUV) Spectroscopy

Understanding the aggregation mechanism of amyloid fibrils is a critical step in the investigation of several neurodegenerative disorders associated with the misfolding of proteins. In a previous study (Rojas et al., JMB 2010 404, 537--552), the growth mechanism of β-amyloid peptide fibrils which is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), was successfully modeled by using a physics-based coarse-grained united-residue model and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We report a simulation study of coherent two-dimensional chiral signals based on the trajectories obtained by Rojas et al. to monitor this growth mechanism at different simulation times. Far ultraviolet signals (FUV)(λ = 190--250 nm) originated from the backbone nπ∗ and ππ∗ transitions, and near ultraviolet signals (NUV) ( λ >= 250 nm) are associated with aromatic side-chains (Phe and Tyr). These signals display distinct cross peak patterns in the two-dimensional spectra that can be used, in combination with MD, to monitor local dynamics and conformational changes in the secondary structure of Aβ peptides during the aggregation process. 2DUV total chiral signals in the aggregation process are combinations of subset of chiral signals from a monomer Aβ peptide, an amyloid fibril and the interactions between them.
Semantic conflict reduction through automated feature reservation in multi-user computer-aided design

Commercial computer aided design (CAD) tools are single user, thus only allowing one user to contribute to a CAD model at a time. The NSF Center for e-Design, BYU site is developing multi-user plug-ins for commercial CAD systems to extend their functionality to allow multiple users to simultaneously contribute to a collaborative design model. One central issue in developing and working in a multi-user CAD system is handling conflicts that occur between users. Semantic conflicts occur when multiple users perform operations which violate the design intent of the model, adding waste to the overall design process. Previous work has shown how automated feature reservation avoids conflicts which lead to data inconsistency, but does not discuss how this helps reduce semantic conflicts. This paper will discuss the development of a mathematical model and the results of experiments which suggest that automated feature reservation reduces semantic conflicts in multi-user CAD modeling.
A Preliminary Report on Intra-sheath Peroneal Tendon Subluxation: A Prospective Review of 7 Patients with Ultrasound Verification

Peroneal tendon dislocation with recurrent subluxation over the lateral malleolus, both acute and chronic, is well documented in the literature. However, there remains a subset of patients who report symptoms similar to peroneal subluxation that do not actually display active or passive displacement of the tendon over the lateral malleolus. In this article, we describe 7 patients who were followed prospectively for the treatment of ultrasound-confirmed, retrofibular, intrasheath subluxation without the typical lateral subluxation or dislocation of the tendon over the malleolus. Six of the 7 patients had either a low-lying peroneal muscle belly or a peroneus quartus muscle and tendon, 6 experienced a tear of either 1 or both of the peroneal tendons, and 1 of the 7 had only a peroneus brevis tendon tear without any other muscle anomaly. Repair of concomitant tendon pathology and resection of the low-lying muscle belly to a point proximal to the fibro-osseous tunnel of the retromalleolar space resulted in elimination of the subluxation symptoms and improvement in American College of Foot and Ankle Surgery ankle scores in 3 patients who were treated operatively. Level of Clinical Evidence: 4
Teaching African conflicts

Teaching African conflicts can be difficult, as an instructor confronts ideological debates, contested discourses, the historical burden of slavery and colonialism, and issues of (western) power/privilege, race and voice, all while navigating the approbation of colleagues and students alike. This article identifies four broad philosophical issues in constructing a course focusing on African conflicts: students’ lack of knowledgeabout Africa; the complexity of the material; concerns about negativity; and controversial, contested issues. The second part of the article discussesa variety of strategies for meeting these challenges, including: active learning techniques, such as role-play simulations and structured debates; theuse of documentaries, African films, and popular books/novels as teaching materials; exercises to identify stereotypes; and providing students with ‘conflict programs’ or handouts containing vital information suchas the main actors, a timeline, and a map.
Dietary intakes and health-related behaviours of Korean American women born in the USA and Korea: The Multiethnic Cohort Study

Objective: This study assessed and compared heath-related behaviours and nutrient and food group intakes between US-born and Korea-born Korean American women. Design and subjects: Cross-sectional analyses were performed for ethnic Koreans who participated in the Multiethnic Cohort Study in Hawaii and Los Angeles in 1993– 1996. The sample included 492 Korean American women aged 45–75 years who were born in the USA (n ¼ 274) or Korea (n ¼ 218). Participants were recruited using driver’s license files as a primary sampling source and completed a self-administered questionnaire, including a quantitative food frequency section. Results: The proportion overweight or obese was 31.4% in US-born and 9.4% in Korea-born women. US-born women had higher intakes of total fat and fat as a percentage of energy, and lower intakes of sodium, vitamin C, b-carotene and carbohydrate as a percentage of energy, than Korea-born women. Comparing intakes of food group servings from the Food Guide Pyramid, US-born women reported more whole grains, red meat and nuts, and less soy products, than did Korea-born women. US-born women also consumed fewer vegetables and fruit than those born in Korea. Few women in either group reported intakes that met the recommendations for dairy foods. Intake of discretionary fat from the Pyramid tip was higher in US-born than in Korea-born women. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the acculturation of Korean immigrants affects dietary intakes in ways that may alter risks of several chronic diseases. Further studies will be necessary to examine the effects of dietary acculturation on disease patterns.
Genome and metagenome sequencing: Using the human methyl-binding domain to partition genomic DNA derived from plant tissues.

Premise of the study: Variation in the distribution of methylated CpG (methyl-CpG) in genomic DNA (gDNA) across the tree of life is biologically interesting and useful in genomic studies. We illustrate the use of human methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD2) to fractionate angiosperm DNA into eukaryotic nuclear (methyl-CpG-rich) vs. organellar and prokaryotic (methyl-CpG-poor) elements for genomic and metagenomic sequencing projects. Methods: MBD2 has been used to enrich prokaryotic DNA in animal systems. Using gDNA from five model angiosperm species, we apply a similar approach to identify whether MBD2 can fractionate plant gDNA into methyl-CpG-depleted vs. enriched methyl-CpG elements. For each sample, three gDNA libraries were sequenced: (1) untreated gDNA, (2) a methyl-CpG-depleted fraction, and (3) a methyl-CpG-enriched fraction. Results: Relative to untreated gDNA, the methyl-depleted libraries showed a 3.2–11.2-fold and 3.4–11.3-fold increase in chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), respe...
Color Difference Predicted by Color Component Differences

A relationship between assessed color differences and assessed components of colors is presented. The perceptual difference between colors j and k is converted to a lightness difference of two Munsell grays, VA and VB, and djk= |VA− VB|. Scaled values of principal hue components of a color ξα(H|V/C), α = R, Y, G, and B, are read from charts based on assessments of observers. Previous charts (Color Research and Application, 1999, 24, 266–279) are enlarged and extended. A linear combination of ΔV = |Vj− Vk| and Δξα = |ξα(Hj|Vj/Cj) − ξα(Hk|Vk /Ck)|, djk, is the best to predict djk. The root-mean-squares of (djk− djk) is 0.34 V, about one third of the lightness difference from V to V + 1 on the Munsell Value Scale.
Abstract 629: Combination hypoxia-specific chemotherapy and immunotherapy of prostate cancer

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Tumor hypoxia contributes to chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance, and helps foster metastasis. Hypoxia likely also supports tumor immune resistance by supporting development of suppressive myeloid and T cell populations by activating immunosuppressive signaling pathways in the tumor and stroma, and by creating a metabolically hostile environment for immune effector cells. TH-302 is a hypoxia-specific chemotherapeutic drug which is activated only in the hypoxic cores of tumors and remains harmless in the periphery. We hypothesized that concurrent combination therapy with TH-302 and T cell checkpoint blockade would promote inside-out tumor destruction with the drug killing at the core, releasing antigen, and diminishing suppression, while the antibodies helped expand and protect the T cells activated as a result. In the TRAMP-C2 prostatic adenocarcinoma model, we found that antibody blockade of CTLA-4 and PD-1, used in conjunction with TH-302 administration, promoted tumor rejection in a significantly larger percentage of mice than either therapy alone. The combination therapy promoted uniquely advantageous ratios of effector T cells to MDSC within the prostate cancer microenvironment. This novel combination of immunotherapy and hypoxia-specific chemotherapy has the potential to offer profound anti-tumor responses to a much greater percentage of patients than either chemotherapy or immunotherapy alone with the same or fewer side effects. Citation Format: Midan Ai, Todd Bartkowiak, Ashvin R. Jaiswal, Krishna Shah, Casey Ager, Beatrisa Lerman, Michael A. Curran. Combination hypoxia-specific chemotherapy and immunotherapy of prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 629. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-629
A short note on integer complexity

Building on an earlier approach by Isbell and Guy, this short note gives a new, constructive upper bound on the smallest number of 1's needed in conjunction with arbitrarily many +, *, and parentheses to write an integer n for generic integers n.
Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernias.

Laparoscopic repair of incisional hernia has been shown safe and efficacious, with low rates of conversion to open, short hospital stay, moderate complication rate, and low recurrence. Using the benefits of open retromuscular, sublay repair, the laparoscopic approach provides adequate mesh overlap and allows for identification of the entire abdominal wall fascia at risk for hernia formation. Fixation of the prosthesis to the abdominal wall is best provided by transabdominal sutures to secure the mesh during the initial phase of incorporation. Long-term follow-up data support the durability of laparoscopic repair of ventral hernias with reduced rate of recurrence, low risk of infection, and applicability to difficult patient populations, such as the morbidly obese and those with prior failed repair attempts.
Drug-assisted effects on protective airway reflexes during out-of-hospital endotracheal intubation (preliminary report).

Objective. Out-of-hospital rescuers often use drug-assisted intubation (DAI) to facilitate endotracheal intubation (ETI) of nonarrest patients. However, the relationship between the ablation of individual protective airway reflexes andresulting DAI success has not been defined. We sought to describe the relationship between the depression or ablation of protective airway reflexes andDAI success. Methods. We analyzed data from a prospective multicenter trial. Rescuers from 42 emergency medical services systems reported clinical ETI data using standardized reporting forms. We analyzed the subset receiving sedative and/or neuromuscular blocking agents to facilitate ETI. We defined successful ETI as intratracheal placement of the endotracheal tube on the last ETI attempt. Rescuers reported the presence andablation of six protective airway reflexes, including the presence of a gag, trismus, inadequate relaxation, combativeness, laryngospasm, andseizure/myoclonus. We examined the relationship between protective...
Iterative row-column-file soft decision feedback equalizer for three-dimensional intersymbol interference channels

This paper presents a three-dimensional intersymbol interference (ISI) equalization algorithm employing turbo equalization for detection of 3D binary images in holographic storage systems. The algorithm scans the 3D received image along rows, columns, and files, and iteratively exchanges weighted soft information between maximum a posteriori (MAP) detectors for each scan direction until convergence is achieved. Each MAP detector exploits soft decision feedback from previously processed rows, columns, or files. An EXIT chart technique is proposed for efficient optimization of the weights applied to the log-likelihood ratios exchanged between MAP detectors. On the 2×2×2 averaging-mask channel, the proposed algorithm achieves performance within 2.0 dB of the maximum likelihood performance bound. The MAP detectors may be updated in parallel at little cost in system performance, allowing parallel implementation for increased execution speed.
Contact Stimulation of Tgl and Type IV Pili in Myxococcus xanthus

Myxococcus xanthus tgl mutants lack social motility and type IV pili but can be transiently stimulated to swarm and to make pili by contacting tgl + cells. The absence of pili in tgl mutants is shown not to be due to the absence of pilin. The rate of pilus elongation after Tgl stimulation is shown to be similar to the rate of pilus elongation in wild-type cells, using a new more rapid assay for stimulation.
K-nearest neighbor particle filters for dynamic hybrid Bayesian networks

In state estimation of dynamic systems, Kalman filters and HMM filters have been applied to linear-Gaussian models and models with finite state spaces. However, they do not work well in most practical problems with nonlinear and non-Gaussian models. Even when the state space is finite, the dynamic Bayesian networks describing the HMM model could be too complicated to manage. Sequential Monte Carlo methods, also known as particle filters (PFs), have been introduced to deal with these real-world problems. They allow us to treat any type of probability distribution, nonlinearity and nonstationarity although they usually suffer major drawbacks of sample degeneracy and inefficiency in high-dimensional cases. We show how we can exploit the structure of partially dynamic hybrid Bayesian networks (PD-HBN) to reduce ``sample depletion'' and increase the efficiency of particle filtering by combining the well-known K-nearest neighbor (KNN) majority voting strategy and the concept of evolution algorithm. Essentially, the novel method resamples the dynamic variables and randomly combines them with the existing samples of static variables to produce new particles. As new observations become available, the algorithm allows the particles to incorporate the latest information so that the fittest particles associated with a proposed objective rule will be kept for resampling. We also conduct a theoretical analysis on the proposed KNN-PF algorithm, and demonstrate the accuracy of the performance prediction with extensive simulations. Performance analysis and numerical results show that this new approach has a superior estimation/classification performance compared to other related algorithms.
Immigration and the Health of Asian and Pacific Islander Adults in the United States

The authors used the 1992-1995 National Health Interview Survey to examine the effect of immigrant status (both nativity and duration of residence in the United States) on the health of Asian and Pacific Islander adults by constructing models in which national origin was also specified. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, marital status, living arrangement, family size, and several socioeconomic indicators, immigrants were found to be in better health than their US-born counterparts, but their health advantages consistently decreased with duration of residence. For example, for Asian and Pacific Islander immigrants whose duration of residence was less than 5 years, 5-9 years, and 10 years or more, the odds ratios for activity limitations were 0.45 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33, 0.62), 0.65 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.93), and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.90), respectively. Similar findings emerged for respondent-reported health and bed days due to illness. These results support the validity and complementarity of the migration selectivity and acculturation hypotheses. However, the picture was not uniformly positive. The health of certain Asian and Pacific Islander groups, notably Pacific Islanders and Vietnamese, was found to be less favorable than average. Finally, after adjustment for health status, immigrants seemed to have less adequate access to formal medical care.
Singular perturbation of linear regulators: Basic theorems

The behavior of the solution of the Riccati equation for the linear regulator problem with a parameter whose perturbation changes the order of the system is analyzed. Sufficient conditions are given under which the solution of the original problem tends to the solution of a low-order problem. This result can be used for the decomposition of a high-order problem into two low-order problems.