cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reduced switch count double converter fed wound rotor induction machine drive for wind energy application

A reduced switch count double side converter fed wound rotor induction machine control for a wind energy application is proposed in this paper. The outputs of two converters are combined electromechanically in the machine and are capable of sharing the power equally both from stator and rotor simultaneously. In order to reduce the cost a new configuration using two half controlled converters for both the stator and rotor circuit is proposed. The proposed controller reduces the required kVA rating of both machine side converters, improves the efficiency and helps operating over a wide speed range. It is shown that the combined kVA rating of both the machine side converters are even less than that of the machine side converter for a conventional rotor side control configuration. Also, the proposed configuration is suitable for use with a rotary transformer since neither the stator nor the rotor winding will encounter zero frequency over the entire operating speed range. The proposed configuration is simulated for a 30 kW wound rotor machine in SABER and the simulation results are presented.
Structure and Learning in Self-Managed Teams: Why “Bureaucratic” Teams Can Be Better Learners

This paper considers the effect of team structure on a team's engagement in learning and continuous improvement. We begin by noting the uncertain conceptual status of the structure concept in the small groups literature and propose a conceptualization of team structure that is grounded in the long tradition of work on formal structure in the sociology and organization theory literatures. We then consider the thesis that, at least in self-managed teams dealing with stable tasks, greater team structure---i.e., higher levels of specialization, formalization, and hierarchy---can promote learning by encouraging information sharing, reducing conflict frequency, and fostering a climate of psychological safety; that is, we examine a mediated model in which the effect of structure on learning and improvement in teams is mediated by psychological safety, information sharing, and conflict frequency. This model was largely supported in a study of self-managed production teams in a Fortune 100 high-technology firm, although the observed pattern of mediation was more complex than anticipated. Higher structure was also associated with actual productivity improvements in a subsample of these teams. The theory and results of this study advance our understanding of team learning and underscore the importance of team structure in research on team processes and performance.
Is apology worth the risk? Predictors, outcomes, and ways to avoid regret

Abstract Why do people choose to apologize or withhold apology, and what are the consequences of these decisions? We addressed these questions in two within–participants studies of undergraduates. Participants consistently reported more regret about non-apology than apology. Regrets about apology were linked with mutual grudges, protests of innocence, unsafe relationships, and apologies seen as insincere, premature, or fear–based. Regrets about non-apology were linked with persistent remorse, self–punishing attitudes, and seeing the offended party as innocent of wrongdoing. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
SILVER: Fine-Grained and Transparent Protection Domain Primitives in Commodity OS Kernel

Untrusted kernel extensions remain one of the major threats to the security of commodity OS kernels. Current containment approaches still have limitations in terms of security, granularity and flexibility, primarily due to the absence of secure resource management and communication methods. This paper presents SILVER, a framework that offers transparent protection domain primitives to achieve fine-grained access control and secure communication between OS kernel and extensions. SILVER keeps track of security properties e.g., owner principal and integrity level of data objects in kernel space with a novel security-aware memory management scheme, which enables fine-grained access control in an effective manner. Moreover, SILVER introduces secure primitives for data communication between protection domains based on a unified integrity model. SILVER's protection domain primitives provide great flexibility by allowing developers to explicitly define security properties of individual program data, as well as control privilege delegation, data transfer and service exportation. We have implemented a prototype of SILVER in Linux. The evaluation results reveal that SILVER is effective against various kinds of kernel threats with a reasonable performance and resource overhead.
Quality of Life Amenities as Contributors to Local Economies: Views of City Managers

Is the level of importance attached to quality of life amenities, such as parks and restaurants, influenced by the objectives of the economic development strategy developed by city leaders? This re...
Assessing Court Deference to the Comptroller of the Currency's Regulations: Incidental Powers of Banks and Blackfeet National Bank

In this article, I analyze the question of incidental powers of national banks, raised in Blackfeet National Bank v. Nelson, but not fully addressed: whether banking powers are limited to those enumerated in Paragraph 24 Seven of the National Bank Act. If not, whether courts usually defer to the Comptroller of the Currency's expansion of these powers. The Eleventh Circuit answered the question in the negative. The court's opinion exposes the deeply uncertain interpretation of incidental powers of banks. The timid but constant departure from the Chevron doctrine has allowed courts to stop the rapid expansion of banking powers by the Comptroller of the Currency. The result would be that the standard for judicial review of the Comptroller of the Currency's regulations is no longer under Chevron rule, but under the defunct Skidmore rule.
The Institutional Medical Library

Although a good personal study center may be the physician’s most valuable continuing education tool, and although modern textbooks are useful in answering many clinical questions, the physician’s collection at home or the office cannot possibly approach that of the hospital, medical society, or medical school library. Medical libraries have changed and will change even more during the next decade. Librarians have new skills and are acquiring others. Most physicians are not using the library optimally, partly because they are unaware of the ways in which libraries can serve them.
Heterogeneous Flow of Solids in Pipelines

The state of knowledge of predicting the head losses of heterogeneous flow of slurries in pipes has been reviewed. From published and unpublished papers and these, data for solid-liquid flow in pipes, encompassing a wide range of experimental variables, were collected (including 2,549 data points). This information was converted to a common set of units. For various reasons, 1,097 data points were discarded. Those remaining were used to investigate the validity of three leading equations of solid-liquid flow as prediction equations. A dimensionless number NI has been introduced, which permits quantitative differentiation of heterogeneous flow from saltation. It is recommended that this number be used in the same manner as the Reynolds number in single-phase flow. A set of two equations of Durand's type has been proposed for the prediction of head losses of the heterogeneous regime. The prediction by this set of new equations has been found to be quite accurate, and superior to all existing ones.
Strain-tunable extraordinary magnetocrystalline anisotropy in Sr 2 CrReO 6 epitaxial films

We report the discovery of extraordinarily large anisotropy fields and strain-tunable magnetocrystalline anisotropy in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CrReO}}_{6}$ epitaxial films. We determine the strain-induced tetragonal distortions and octahedral rotations in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CrReO}}_{6}$ epitaxial films grown on (${\mathrm{LaAlO}}_{3}$)${}_{0.3}$(${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{AlTaO}}_{6}$)${}_{0.7}$ (LSAT), ${\mathrm{SrTiO}}_{3}$ (STO), and ${\mathrm{SrCr}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$/LSAT substrates using x-ray diffraction and density functional theory. The structural distortions drive dramatic changes in magnetocrystalline anisotropy. We use magnetometry measurements and first principles calculations to determine the atomic origins of the large anisotropy observed. These techniques elucidate the interplay between structural deformations and magnetic behavior and lay the groundwork for the study of other strongly correlated systems in this class of ferromagnetic oxides.
Faking and Faking Detection on the Comrey Personality Scales: Replication and Extension

normal behavior, and providing scores on 8 personality dimensions and two validity scales. Braun and Iervolino (1972) found that mean scores were significantly higher under faking vs standard instructions for the two validity scales, and for five of the eight personality scales. Also, 71% of faking instruction Ss had unacceptable scores on at least one of the rwo validity scales, compared with only 20% of Ss having standard instructions. In the present study, 155 university students completed the scales under instructions identical with those used by Braun and Iervolino. Thus, 75 had instructions to be honest and forthright, and 80 had instructions to fake so as to make an excellent impression but to also conceal their faking. Results of t tests based on independent groups showed that mean scores on the two validity scales, Validity Check (V) and Response Bias (R), were significantly higher under faking vs standard instructions, as was also true for six of the eight personality scales: Trust, Social Conformity, Activity, Emotional Stability, Extraversion, and Empathy. These findings are highly similar to those of the original study. Detection of faking was studied as follows. As in the original investigation, the percent of Ss equaling or exceeding the following cut-off points was determined for each group separately: V,19; V,26; R,57; R,70. These represent values that would be either one or two SDs above the manual means for both men and women. This procedure had to be used in the original study since Ss were not asked to indicate their sex. Also determined in both studies were the percents scoring one or more SDs above the mean on eirher V or R. This latter method is the one which correctly detected 71 % o[ the faking group in the original study at the expense of 20% of the control group's false positives. The present smdy again found 20% of the control group's false positives, but only 54% of faking Ss detected, and with the difference between control and faking percents significant (p < .01). However, the percent of faking group detections in the present study was significantly less than in the original invesr~gauon (54 vs 71; p < .01). Since in the present study, S did record own sex, a modified faking detection analysis was also run using V and R norms specific to a given S's sex. While the percent of faking Ss detected increased from 54 to 64, the percent of control false positives also increased from 20 to 26, resulting in no substantial net gain in effectiveness of detection. In conclusion, the present results confirm those of the original investigation. The Comrey scales may be faked, but the detection keys show some degree of usefulness even when Ss are aware of their existence and try to beat them.
p21Waf1 inhibits the activity of cyclin dependent Kinase 2 by preventing its activating phosphorylation

p21 Waf1 inhibits the activity of cyclin dependent Kinase 2 by preventing its activating phosphorylation
Shape and Kinematic Design Optimization of the Pterosaur replica

A multi-objective aerodynamic optimization problem of the wing kinematics and planform of the Pterosaur replica is performed. Objective functions include minimization of the required cycle-averaged aerodynamic power and maximization of the propulsive efficiency. It is found that inclusion of the inertial power requirements is necessary for a physical and proper formulation of the optimization problem. Furthermore, the mere addition of the inertial power requirements is not enough to obtain reasonable results. Rather, one has to consider a partial (or even zero) elastic energy storage. The minimum power optimum kinematic parameters are close to the operating design variables of the pterosaur replica compared to the maximum efficiency design; though the obtained efficiency for such a design (minimum power) is (10 %) which is relatively low. Furthermore, the optimized planform for maximum efficiency of the Pterosaur yields a propulsive efficiency of 46.0%.
Japan’s Under-Researched Visible Minorities: Applying Critical Race Theory to Racialization Dynamics in a Non-White Society

Critical Race Theory (CRT), an analytical framework grounded in American legal academia, uncovers power relationships between a racialized enfranchised majority and a disenfranchised minority. Although applied primarily to countries and societies with Caucasian majorities to analyze White Privilege this Article applies CRT to Japan, a non-White majority society. After discussing how scholarship on Japan has hitherto ignored a fundamental factor within racialization studies—the effects of skin color on the concept of “Japaneseness”—this Article examines an example of published research on the Post-WWII “konketsuji problem.” This research finds blind spots in the analysis, and re-examines it through CRT to uncover more nuanced power dynamics. This exercise attempts to illustrate the universality of nation-state racialization processes, and advocates the expansion of Whiteness Studies beyond Caucasian-majority societies into worldwide Colorism dynamics in general.
407 VARIATION IN CARDIAC INDEX BY THERMODILUTION METHODS IN HEART TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS.

Background While several methods are used to measure thermodilution (TD) cardiac index (CI), most catheterization laboratories use proprietary systems that have not been recently validated. Because cardiac rejection may present with decreased CI, heart transplant recipients routinely undergo hemodynamic assessment, making accurate CI assessment essential in these patients. Methods As a quality improvement initiative, we measured CI in 39 stable heart transplant recipients without tricuspid regurgitation by one or more of three different TD methods: with the injectate temperature probe in the water bath through which the injectate was drawn (“open” systems) at room temperature (“RT,” n = 26) or iced (“Iced,” n = 13) or with direct injectate temperature measurement (“Inline,” n = 14). As a control, Fick CI (with assumed O 2 consumption) was measured in all patients. Standard nonparametric tests were used for comparison. Results Fick CI was overestimated by each TD method by median (interquartile range) values of 36% (21-61%) for Open-Iced ( p = .0012), 26% (14-39%) for Open-RT ( p Conclusions As compared to Fick, each TD method significantly overestimated CI in stable patients, often to an extent that may be clinically relevant. This was especially true if the injectate temperature was measured with an “open” system.
Localizing Legitimation: Bargaining Through the Law in a Provincial Court

Processes of legitimation in the Ottoman Empire are usually approached from the center-from the perspective of the dynasty, the entity assumed to be seeking legitimacy. This essay approaches the question of law and legitimacy in the Ottoman polity from a provincial vantage point, the province of Aintab, which took its name from its capital city (today's Gaziantep). It also examines the question of legitimation at a particular moment, from September 1540 to September 1541, the period encompassed by the first two extant registers of the court of Aintab available to researchers. In this microstudy of the events of a single year, I treat mid-sixteenth-century Aintab as a laboratory for examining the extent to which legal discourse furthered the process of legitimation, and the ways in which the two were related at the grassroots level. I argue that law broadly construed was a field of negotiation through which the constituent elements of legitimacy were debated and defined. This negotiation was a reciprocal process in which both province and dynasty aimed to establish legitimacy in each other's eyes-that is, they aimed to establish rightful claims over the control of local society and local resources. As the principal site of this process at the grassroots level, the local court provided a venue where this contest for control was articulated in what might be called a civil discourse of legitimation.
The Endocrinology of the Mammalian Ovary

Publisher Summary This chapter emphasizes the roles of hormones and paracrine regulators that regulate, or are produced by, the mammalian ovary. It discusses the roles of hormones and other regulatory agents in the development of the ovary as well as in the processes of folliculogenesis, ovulation, and corpus luteum function. Understanding the structure, function, and regulatory control of the mammalian ovary is basic to any consideration of mammalian reproduction. The cyclic reproductive events of female mammals are referred to as the estrous cycle and include a short period of heightened receptivity of the female for mating, which is called estrus. The roles of hormones and paracrines during the ovarian cycle are separatedduring the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase. Induced versus spontaneous ovulation is discussed in the chapter as well as aspects of ovarian aging.
Extreme Resume Makeover: The Ultimate Guide to Renovating Your Resume

Extreme Resume Makeover focuses on the written communication involved in finding a job, including resumes, cover letters, and thank you notes. “Before and after” examples of real resumes are incorporated providing concrete visual examples to use as models for the final product. Each resume example indicates the errors in the initial attempt and suggested improvements. There are also sections on electronic formatting and electronic resumes, as well as lists of key words for various careers. Table of contents Part One: ResumesChapter 1 – Getting StartedChapter 2 – Resume WorksheetChapter 3 – Choosing a FormatChapter 4 – Before and After Resume ExamplesChapter 5 – Electronic Resume Guidelines Part Two: Cover LettersChapter 6 – Your Cover Letter: A Resume’s Introducer Part Three: Thank You NotesChapter 7 – Creating a Personalized Thank-You NoteAppendix A – Action VerbsAppendix B – Resume Checklist
Critical issues for homoepitaxial GaN growth by molecular beam epitaxy on hydride vapor-phase epitaxy-grown GaN substrates

Abstract While the heteroepitaxial growth of gallium nitride-based materials and devices on substrates such as SiC, sapphire, and Si has been well-documented, the lack of a cost-effective source of bulk GaN crystals has hindered similar progress on homoepitaxy. Nevertheless, freestanding GaN wafers are becoming more widely available, and there is great interest in growing GaN films and devices on bulk GaN substrates, in order to take advantage of the greatly reduced density of threading dislocations, particularly for vertical devices. However, homoepitaxial GaN growth is far from a trivial task due to the reactivity and different chemical sensitivities of N-polar (000 1 ) and Ga-polar (0001) GaN surfaces, which can affect the microstructure and concentrations of impurities in homoepitaxial GaN layers. In order to achieve high quality, high purity homoepitaxial GaN, it is necessary to investigate the effect of the ex situ wet chemical clean, the use of in situ cleaning procedures, the sensitivity of the GaN surface to thermal decomposition, and the effect of growth temperature. We review the current understanding of these issues with a focus on homoepitaxial growth of GaN by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on c -plane surfaces of freestanding GaN substrates grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE), as HVPE-grown substrates are most widely available. We demonstrate methods for obtaining homoepitaxial GaN layers by plasma-assisted MBE in which no additional threading dislocations are generated from the regrowth interface and impurity concentrations are greatly reduced.
Viewpoint: The aerotropolis: Urban sustainability perspectives from the regional city

The aerotropolis—a metropolitan region with cities that capitalize on proximity to a globally networked economy’s airport—is regarded as the twenty-first century’s new urban-development paradigm. Similarly, the regional city—a polycentric metropolitan region with linked mixed-use centers, multi-modal corridors, multi-functional districts, and natural preserves—is regarded as an urban form of the future with global and local advantage. In this paper, the building blocks of the regional city, which are increasingly regarded as principles of a durable urbanism, inform a multi-criteria framework toward a sustainability assessment of the aerotropolis-built form. The implications for the redevelopment of a North American city as an aerotropolis are noted. The paper concludes with an expansive discussion of the sustainable urban form of the future
Block Diagonalization for Frequency-Selective Multiuser-MIMO Downlinks

The capacity of frequency-flat multiuser MIMO downlinks is achieved with nonlinear dirty paper coding (DPC). Linear processing techniques, such as block diagonalization (BD), offer relatively low computational cost with respect to DPC and can also achieve capacity in certain cases. However, BD is not easily translated to frequency-selective channels since the channel matrix has a space-time structure (unlike the space-only information in frequency-flat channels), which induces an additional inter-symbol interference (ISI) component in the received signal. In this paper, we demonstrate that BD is feasible in frequency- selective channels when the transmitted block length is sufficiently large and the number of transmit antennas is greater than or equal to the number of users. We also present three novel techniques based on BD for frequency-selective MU- MIMO systems: time-reversal-based BD (TRBD), equalized BD (EBD), and joint processing BD (JPBD). These techniques use perfect channel state information at the transmitter (and also at the receiver, in the case of JPBD) to mitigate or eliminate both ISI and inter-user interference. We demonstrate that TRBD and EBD yield zero multiplexing gain (high SNR regime) but perform well under low SNR, while JPBD has a multiplexing gain approximately equal to the number of users for a sufficiently large transmit block length. Extensive numerical simulations show that the achievable rate performance of the proposed techniques improves that of time-reversal beamforming, a common technique for frequency- selective MU-MIMO downlinks.
The Future of Energy II: Renewable Energy

Many governments are providing support and subsidies for the development of renewable sources of energy. As a result, thousands of companies, some funded by venture capital, have been founded to tackle this problem. The incentive, however, is always commercial. The world runs on money, and nothing gets done without the possibility of profit. This incentive, however, is artificial. What matters more is the fossil footprint of each technology. That is, how much fossil energy is used in manufacturing and maintaining the equipment, including the mining of the raw materials, their transportation, and the assembly and installation of the power units.1 After all, the goal is to replace fossil fuels, not to buy more of it to buildup a new business. “Green” energy has to be self-sustaining energy-wise. This seems obvious, but only the wind people have been brave enough to calculate their fossil footprint and publicize the results. This chapter also describes new inventions and ideas which give hope for the future but are as yet untested on a large scale.
Neuroprotective Properties of Glutamate Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in Parkinson’s Disease and Other Brain Disorders

Because of their modulatory role, cell-type-specific expression in the CNS, and anti-inflammatory properties, the metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have generated significant interest as potential therapeutic targets for various brain disorders. In addition, preclinical studies in animal models of Parkinson’s disease have revealed that specific mGluR subtypes mediate significant neuroprotective effects that reduce midbrain dopaminergic neuronal death. Although the underlying mechanisms of these effects remain to be established, there is evidence that intracellular calcium regulation, anti-inflammatory effects, and glutamatergic network regulation contribute to these properties. These protective effects extend beyond midbrain dopaminergic neurons for some mGluRs. In this review, we discuss recent evidence for mGluR-mediated neuroprotection in PD and highlight the challenges to translate these findings into human trials.
Sonnets 1–14

Empty with me, though here I am, I saw some soul set my meal with dream, then leave a gift for me: a ten-toothed comb to rake
The Number of Homomorphisms From Zm Into Zn

(1984). The Number of Homomorphisms From Zm Into Zn. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 91, No. 3, pp. 196-197.
Sound Modes of Superfluid 3He in Aerogel

We present the results of experiments on sound propagation at audio frequencies in3He-filled aerogel. Sound modes were observed at temperatures of 0.8–100 mK in an aerogel sample of 98% porosity. We find that below Tcfor superfluid3He in the aerogel matrix the speed of sound in the composite system increases by as much as 1.5%. Also below the aerogel Tcnew modes appear which correspond to propagation speeds of up to ∼10 m/s.
Other Non-neoplastic Conditions

This chapter presents cytopathologic features of bronchial asthma, sarcoidosis, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, lipid pneumonia, amyloidosis, and pulmonary infarct. Brief descriptions of the disease and differential diagnosis from other entities with similar morphology are also given.
Hidden Scriptures, Then and Now: Rediscovering “Apocrypha”:

The category of “Apocrypha” depends on a perception of the canonical Bible as a closed and definitive book of sacred texts, set apart from other writings. But before the biblical canon was established, early Jewish writers imagined Scripture in radically different ways, as vast bodies of heavenly writing that were never fully accessible. Considering evidence from the Dead Sea Scrolls and other literature reveals this surprisingly widespread belief about sacred writing: it is not contained in any specific collection, but much of it is hidden from view—illustrating a different way that texts could be “apocryphal” in the religious imagination.
Single cell analysis of oscillatory Ca2+ signalling in epithelial cells

Abstract Ca2+ signaling provides rich signal information on the metabolic, proliferative, and apoptotic states of cells. However, how this multiplexed signal information is encoded and decoded by cells is still unclear. Here, we report the development of a multi-scale high-content assays to reverse-engineer how Ca2+ dynamics encode cellular state information. We are using this pipeline to quantify relationships between Ca2+ oscillations dynamics and cell cycle length, growth rate, and cellular motility using both supervised and unsupervised learning methods. As a first analysis, we are using Cl.8 cells derived from Drosophila wing imaginal discs as new and useful system for investigating Ca2+ oscillatory dynamics. Strikingly, Cl.8 cells exhibit spontaneous oscillations when cultured in a chemically defined medium. This imaging pipeline enables large scale genomic investigations into which pathways, channels, and receptors modulate the oscillation frequency, duration, and amplitude of Ca2+ concentrations in cells.
An Exploration of the Performance and Acoustic Characteristics of UAV-Scale Stacked Rotor Configurations

As interest grows in rotor- and propeller-driven electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft for the Urban Air Mobility market, there is a potential for previously studied concepts to reemerge due to the opportunities afforded by novel technologies and operating modes. One such concept is the “stacked” rotor, which consists of multiple co-rotating rotors positioned co-axially with a small axial offset. The goal of the work presented in this paper is to determine whether stacked rotors offer a compelling advantage for eVTOL aircraft in terms of both performance and acoustic characteristics. Results are presented for new experimental tests and computational modeling of multiple stacked rotor configurations, and comparisons are made with conventional rotor configurations. Testing of thirteen separate configurations— each using the same blade shape—revealed a configuration that resulted in an increase in the rotor power loading efficiency by more than 7% and reduced noise by more than 3 dBA when compared with a conventional rotor with all blades located in the same rotational plane.
Effective Plea Bargains for Noncitizens

In Padilla v. Kentucky, the United States Supreme Court held that the Sixth Amendment requires criminal defense attorneys to advise non-citizen clients regarding the deportation risks associated with a guilty plea. The Court held in that case that a defendant's guilty plea may be involuntarily made when defense counsel fails to advise the client about those deportation risks. Trial judges accepting guilty pleas from criminal defendants have a duty to confirm the defendant makes the plea voluntarily and intelligently. Judges make this determination through the plea colloquy -- a series of admonishments and questions with the pleading defendant done prior to accepting the plea. Padilla at a minimum requires trial judges to inquire whether or not the defendant is a non-citizen, and if so, whether the defendant has received the correct advice regarding the guilty plea's immigration consequences. The judge's failure to do so may result in a conviction tainted by ineffective assistance or supported by a plea not voluntarily and intelligently made.This Article suggests trial judges should take affirmative steps prior to accepting a non-citizen's plea to reveal whether counsel has provided relevant and correct immigration advice to the defendant. Part I discusses Padilla's facts, rationale and holding, Part II discusses the requirement for a voluntary and intelligently made guilty plea in modern plea bargain jurisprudence and Part III discusses the process for obtaining post-conviction relief for Sixth Amendment violations under Strickland v. Washington's ineffective assistance standard. Part IV closes by discussing best practices for trial judges and counsel to safeguard a non-citizen's rights while developing a record that anticipates post-conviction Sixth Amendment claims.
Family Income is Not Associated with Outcomes in Pediatric Patients with Critical Traumatic Injury

Purpose: Injury is the leading cause of death for U.S. children, and previous studies have demonstrated concerning socioeconomic and racial disparities in outcomes, including mortality. We sought to examine associations between income level and hospital outcomes in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of an urban, Level I Pediatric Trauma Center. We hypothesized that children from low-income families would have more unfavorable outcomes, …
Explainable Semantic Mapping for First Responders.

One of the key challenges in the semantic mapping problem in postdisaster environments is how to analyze a large amount of data efficiently with minimal supervision. To address this challenge, we propose a deep learning-based semantic mapping tool consisting of three main ideas. First, we develop a frugal semantic segmentation algorithm that uses only a small amount of labeled data. Next, we investigate on the problem of learning to detect a new class of object using just a few training examples. Finally, we develop an explainable cost map learning algorithm that can be quickly trained to generate traversability cost maps using only raw sensor data such as aerial-view imagery. This paper presents an overview of the proposed idea and the lessons learned.
Is Zhang the new Friedman: How should we evaluate the first stage of labor?

Abstract Norms used to describe and evaluate the first stage of labor have been historically based upon data from the middle of the twentieth century. More recent data has characterized the normal first stage of labor differently including that the latent phase of labor is longer not transitioning from latent to active labor until about 6 cm of cervical dilation in a majority of women, regardless of parity or whether labor was spontaneous or induced. Additionally, the amount of time that can take for progress to be made in active labor be longer than previously understood. These two factors would lead to a change in management with the diagnosis of arrest of the first stage of labor being made at 6 cm cervical dilation or beyond in the setting of ruptured membranes and no cervical change for at least 4 h of adequate contractions or 6 h of inadequate contractions.
Covid-19 and Kidney Transplantation.

Kidney-Transplant Recipients with Covid-19 A cohort of 36 consecutive kidney-transplant recipients had less fever, lower CD3, CD4, and CD8 cell counts, more rapid clinical deterioration, and a high...
Validation of the Communicative Participation Item Bank as an Outcome Measure for Spasmodic Dysphonia.

OBJECTIVES Current patient-reported outcome measures do not adequately capture the impact of spasmodic dysphonia (SD) on communication in daily life situations. The aim of this study was to validate the Communicative Participation Item Bank (CPIB), which specifically measures a disease's impact on daily conversational situations, as an outcome measure for SD. STUDY DESIGN Multi-institutional prospective cohort study. METHODS A prospective study was conducted with administration of the 46-question CPIB and the Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) to 190 participants with SD before (time 1) and 6 weeks after (time 2) botulinum toxin injection. Differential item function (DIF) analyses were performed to examine potential item bias. Paired t-tests were used to assess change in each of the CPIB and VHI-10 scores after treatment. Pearson correlations were calculated between the CPIB and VHI-10. RESULTS DIF analyses revealed no clinically meaningful difference between the item parameters generated for this SD sample and the original CPIB calibration sample. There were statistically significant changes between the pre-treatment and post-treatment time points for both the CPIB and VHI-10. Correlations between the CPIB and VHI were moderate-high. CONCLUSIONS The CPIB item bank, General Short Form, and scoring parameters can be used with people with SD for valid and reliable measurement of the impact of communication disorders on communication in everyday life. The CPIB is sensitive to changes with intervention, proving useful for clinical and research purposes to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of interventions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 2, prospective observational research with an experimental design (ie, cohort study). Laryngoscope, 131:859-864, 2021.
A Ballistic Pendulum with Varied Launch Speed

The ballistic pendulum apparatus is a fairly ubiquitous element of the introductory physics laboratory, as the pendulum and launcher gun can be used together or independently to demonstrate a variety of concepts from conservation laws to projectile motion to the motion of a physical pendulum. In this work, we control the launch speed of the gun to determine the moment of inertia of the pendulum’s arm.
Reimagining magnetic resonance instrumentation using open maker tools and hardware as protocol.

Abstract Over the course of its history, the field of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been characterized by alternating periods of intensive instrumentation development and rapid expansion into new chemical application areas. NMR is now both a mainstay of routine analysis for laboratories at all levels of education and research. On the other hand, new instrumentation and methodological advances promise expanded functionality in the future. At the core of this success is a community fundamentally dedicated to sharing ideas and collaborative advancements, as exemplified by the extensive remixing and repurposing of pulse sequences. Recent progress in modularity, automation, and 3D printing have reignited the tinkering spirit and demonstrate great promise to mature into a maker space that will enable similarly facile sharing of new applications and broader access to magnetic resonance.
An Examination of Vicarious Trauma Among Refugee Mental Health Interpreters

Vicarious trauma has been studied in a myriad of professionals working with traumatized populations; however, much of the existing research does not include interpreters working in refugee mental health, who face similar experiences as other professionals working with trauma survivors. The current study investigated the experiences of Arabic-speaking interpreters working in refugee mental health. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each interpreter and qualitative grounded theory design allowed for the exploratory analysis of refugee mental health interpreter (n = 10) experiences. A total of 10 themes emerged from the findings related to interpreting experiences, support resources, and the current socio-political impact on participants. Although all participants reported work-related emotional distress, they also described experiencing positive growth from interpreting. These findings suggest that interpreters may develop a sense of resilience, empowerment, and positive life perspective due in part to experiencing marked emotional strain from interpreting refugee trauma narratives and receiving emotional support from friends, family, and coworkers/organizations. Overall, the current study provided insight into the challenges and needs of Arabic refugee mental health interpreters.
Purpose and career development: Implications for career counseling and counselor education

The aim of the present study was to explore the experiences and constructed meanings that described counseling students’ purpose in life in relation to their career development. After conducting semi-structured interviews with 22 students, we adopted an inductive thematic analysis approach to the data. Findings suggested four themes: a career is a way to fulfill and awaken to life’s purpose, an awareness of purpose leads to wellness and career growth, the role of counseling in fostering clients’ purpose, and the role of faculty in strengthening students’ purpose. Based on these findings, we have provided recommendations on how to incorporate purpose, a critical component of wellness and career development in counseling sessions and counselor education programs.
Incentive Structures Within Mental Health Financing Strategies

Abstract This paper analyzes the incentive structure contained in traditional fee-for-service and capitated managed care models and finds both to be inadequate in encouraging the attainment of client outcomes. An incentive financing scheme is proposed that links funding to outcomes, and describes the necessary elements of such a system. This framework is then applied to the New Hampshire and Colorado incentive financing systems.
Metabolic Pathway Flux Enhancement by Synthetic Protein Scaffolding

Spatial control over enzyme organization presents a promising posttranslational strategy for improving metabolic flux. Directly tethering enzyme polypeptides has had inconsistent success. Use of a separate scaffold molecule, built from modular protein-protein interaction domains, provides designable control over enzyme assembly parameters, including stoichiometry, as well as providing scalability for multiple enzymes. Thus, metabolic flux can be optimized by expression of these scaffolds in vivo. It is important to note that exploration of the use of synthetic scaffolds for improving metabolic flux is in its early stages. Accordingly, in this chapter, we describe efforts to date, hypotheses for scaffold function, and parameters to consider for application to new pathways.
Heart Rate and Blood Pressure in Black Newborns and in White Newborns

Sixty-one full-term, appropriate-weight black newborns had higher heart rates, replicating a racial heart rate difference, but did not differ significantly in systolic blood pressure from 71 white newborns. Systolic blood pressure in the newborn is related both to the total number of feedings from birth and to the total fluid intake.
Corticotropin Releasing Factor Binding Protein and CRF2 Receptors in the Ventral Tegmental Area: Modulation of Ethanol Binge Drinking in C57BL/6J Mice.

Background Most studies with corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and ethanol (EtOH) consumption have focused on CRF type 1 (CRF1) receptors; less is known about other components of the CRF system, such as the CRF type 2 (CRF2) receptors and the CRF binding protein (CRFBP). In humans, several nucleotide polymorphisms in the CRFBP gene have been associated with EtOH abuse. Methods The role of the CRFBP within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) was investigated in C57BL/6J mice exposed to an EtOH binge drinking paradigm (drinking in the dark [DID]), or to a dependence-producing drinking protocol (2-bottle choice, intermittent access to alcohol [IAA]) for 4 weeks. Potential interactions between VTA CRFBP and CRF2 receptors on EtOH binge drinking were also assessed. Mice were microinjected with the CRFBP antagonist CRF fragment 6–33 (CRF6–33) into the VTA or CeA, or with the CRF2 antagonist astressin-2B (A2B) alone or in combination with CRF6–33 into the VTA, and had access to 20% (w/v) EtOH for 4 hours (DID). Separate cohorts of mice received vehicle and doses of CRF6–33 into the VTA or CeA and had access to EtOH/water for 24 hours (IAA). Blood EtOH concentrations (BECs) were measured, and signs of withdrawal by handling-induced convulsions were determined. Results Intra-VTA CRF6–33 and A2B reduced EtOH intake dose dependently in mice during DID. Furthermore, a combination of a subeffective dose of CRF6–33 and a lower dose of A2B promoted additive effects in attenuating EtOH binge drinking. Intra-VTA CRF6–33 did not affect EtOH consumption in mice given IAA, and intra-CeA CRF6–33 did not change alcohol consumption in both models of drinking. DID and IAA promoted pharmacologically relevant BECs; however, only mice given IAA exhibited convulsive events during withdrawal. Conclusions These findings suggest that VTA CRFBP is involved in the initial stages of escalated EtOH drinking by mechanisms that may involve CRF2 receptors.
On Q -matrices

Recently, Jeter and Pye gave an example to show that Pang's conjecture, thatL1 źQ $$ \subseteq R_0 $$ , is false. We show in this article that the above conjecture is true for symmetric matrices. Specifically, we show that a symmetric copositive matrix is inQ if and only if it is strictly copositive.
Serotonin syndrome in a patient with chronic pain polypharmacy.

Dear Editor: We report a case of serotonin syndrome in a patient taking five agents that have known or reported serotonergic association. Symptoms began a year prior and were missed by multiple clinicians despite the addition of more serotonergic agents. We would like to discuss the importance of medication review, physical examination, and awareness of serotonin syndrome. A 41-year-old 84-kg woman presented to our chronic pain management clinic for removal of a lumbar spinal stimulator. Her past medical history included lumbar spondylosis with radiculopathy, cervical spondylosis with radiculopathy, anxiety, depression, osteoarthritis of the shoulders, and seasonal allergic rhinitis. Her surgical history included the placement of a spinal cord stimulator 3 years prior, multiple lumbar facet joint injections, a lumbar nerve radiofrequency ablation, a cervical epidural steroid injection, and two cesarean sections. Her medication list at the time of presentation was amitriptyline 50 mg daily, carisoprodol 350 mg three times daily, cetirizine 10 mg daily, cyclobenzaprine 5–10 mg at bedtime, duloxetine 120 mg at bedtime, gabapentin 800 mg three times daily, and tramadol 50 mg four times daily. She had been treated by a chronic pain specialist up to 3 years prior to her presentation with us. She received multiple injections and eventually a spinal cord stimulator for her lumbar back pain. She reported taking duloxetine for several years at 60 mg daily. She also reported taking a combination of duloxetine, celecoxib, pregabalin, and over-the-counter analgesics during that time …
Cardiovascular Catastrophes in the Obstetric Population

Pregnancy is a complex and dynamic physiologic state, in which the needs of the mother and fetus must achieve a fine balance with one another. Some of the most dreaded and deadly complications that can arise during this period affect the cardiovascular system are hypertensive emergencies (including preeclampsia and eclampsia), acute coronary syndrome, peripartum cardiomyopathy, dysrhythmias, dissection, thromboembolism, and cardiac arrest. This review provides emergency physicians, obstetricians, intensivists, and other health care providers with the most recent information on the diagnosis and management of these deadly cardiovascular complications of pregnancy.
Annual direct and indirect health costs of the congenital ichthyoses.

: The aim of this study is to estimate annual, per patient, health care costs for congenital ichthyoses (CI). We conducted a cost analysis through an online survey posted on the Foundation for Ichthyosis and Related Skin Types Website. We assessed cutaneous disease severity, via the previously validated Congenital Ichthyosis Severity Index (CISI™), demographics, and CI type. We estimated direct health care costs: prescription and over-the-counter medications, outpatient visits, and emergency department and hospital visit costs; and indirect costs: earnings lost owing to absences from work because of CI-related illness. The CI subjects of our study (n = 224) consumed a mean (SD) of $3,192 ($7,915) annually. Direct costs accounted for 90%, whereas indirect costs accounted for 10%. These costs resulted in an estimated annual cost of $37MM/year (excluding ichthyosis vulgaris) of which $17MM is borne out-of-pocket by patients. Depending on the CI diagnosis, patients were responsible for 30–51 cents of every dollar of mean annual medical care costs. Our estimated annual CI costs are comparable to cutaneous lymphoma. More effective treatments for CI would help minimize this burden. Traditional insurance products do not appear to substantially alleviate the financial burden of disease, as a significant amount is from out-of-pocket expenses.
Facilitating Critical Thinking in an Introduction to Business Freshman Course.

The current article presents an example of the development, implementation, and evaluation of a teaching intervention intended to facilitate student critical thinking through the integration of knowledge in an introductory business course. The intervention is grounded in the scholarship of teaching and learning literature. A discussion of the initial evaluation of the impact of the intervention on student learning is presented and directions for future research on the effectiveness of the intervention are discussed.