cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Telescopes for the 1980s

In the last decades, astronomy has been changed in a number of significant ways. The number of large optical telescopes with diameters on the order of or larger than 2.3 m has increased from 3 shortly after World War II to about 20 at the present time. Whereas prewar astronomy was largely devoted to the visual wavelengths (0.3–0.8 μm), astronomical observations currently span the range from γ ray wavelengths to the longest radio wavelengths. Most significantly, astronomy outside conventional optical astronomy has developed into sophisticated disciplines rather than experimental explorations. Many of the observational advances at the forefront of astronomy now come from other than visual observations. Along with these changes have come fundamental changes in visual astronomy itself. Observations with photographic plates are the exception rather than the rule at most large observatories. Instead, electronic cameras are in common use. A second change, especially in the United States, is that the funding has gone from largely private funding (e.g., the Carnegie Institution of Washington) to funding with the government providing a main share of the support. Indeed, the government has provided the total funding for those disciplines, like X ray astronomy, which use space-borne platforms. These changes have also affected the character of doing astronomy, and astronomers have become much more politically active on the national science scene.
Much ado about very little: The small effect sizes when home and laboratory collected dreams are compared.

We report a reanalysis of the original codings of dream reports collected at home and in the sleep laboratory from the same participants studied by Hall and Van de Castle in 1964. We used Cohen'sh statistic for effect sizes to argue that, even when statistically significant, most of the differences between the two samples are small to medium in magnitude. This finding suggests that past arguments over the relative usefulness of the two types of samples might not have occurred if the magnitude of effect sizes had been taken into account. The one exception concerns aggressions of various kinds, which also show the greatest variability with age, gender, and culture. It is concluded that useful dream samples for studies using the Hall and Van de Castle coding system can be collected in the laboratory or from normal recall at home and that effect sizes should be calculated in all dream content studies.
On the characteristic equations of elasto-plastic flow

Abstract Three dimensional characteristic surfaces (slip surfaces) of elasto-plastic Navier's equations and the criteria for their existence are discussed, and the solutions are also applied to two dimensional cases. By making use of isotropic yield function, the following results are proved. If, and only if the plastic/elastic moduli ratio is zero and Det (φ ij )=0,(φ ij = ∂φ ∂σ ij , φ: yield function,σij: stress tensor), characteristic surfaces exist. There are two and only two characteristic surface elements at each point, and they are identical with the surfaces of maximum shearing stress.
Molecular Fingerprinting in Human Lung Cancer

Abstract The behavior and outcome of lung cancers are highly variable, and not only is the molecular basis of this variability unknown, but neither standard histopathology nor currently available molecular markers can predict these characteristics. Accordingly, the identification of novel biomarkers to differentiate tumor from normal cells and predict tumor behavior such as pathologic stage, response to chemotherapy, and site of relapse, is of great importance in clinical practice. None of the hundreds of single markers evaluated to date have demonstrated significant clinical utility, but by surveying thousands of genes at once with use of microarrays or proteomic technologies, it is now possible to read the molecular signature of an individual patient's tumor. When the signature is mathematically analyzed, new classes of cancer can be observed and insight can be gained into prediction, prognosis, and mechanism. Although some success has been achieved with genomic approaches, proteomics-based approaches allow examination of expressed proteins of a tissue or cell type, complement the genome initiatives, and are increasingly being used to address biomedical questions. This review aims to summarize the state of the art of gene and protein expression profiling for non–small-cell lung cancer.
Coupling of sausage, kink, and magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities in a cylindrical liner

This paper analyzes the coupling of magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor (MRT), sausage, and kink modes in an imploding cylindrical liner, using ideal MHD. A uniform axial magnetic field of arbitrary value is included in each region: liner, its interior, and its exterior. The dispersion relation is solved exactly, for arbitrary radial acceleration (-g), axial wavenumber (k), azimuthal mode number (m), liner aspect ratio, and equilibrium quantities in each region. For small k, a positive g (inward radial acceleration in the lab frame) tends to stabilize the sausage mode, but destabilize the kink mode. For large k, a positive g destabilizes both the kink and sausage mode. Using the 1D-HYDRA simulation results for an equilibrium model that includes a pre-existing axial magnetic field and a preheated fuel, we identify several stages of MRT-sausage-kink mode evolution. We find that the m = 1 kink-MRT mode has a higher growth rate at the initial stage and stagnation stage of the implosion, and that the m = 0 sausage-MRT mode dominates at the main part of implosion. This analysis also sheds light on a puzzling feature in Harris' classic paper of MRT [E. G. Harris, Phys. Fluids 5, 1057 (1962)]. An attempt is made to interpret the persistence of the observed helical structures [Awe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 235005 (2013)] in terms of non-axisymmetric eigenmode.
Effects of Semantic and Nonsemantic Orienting Tasks on the Free Recall of Words

Summary Three studies of male and female undergraduates examined the effects of incidental orienting tasks on the free recall of concrete nouns. In Experiments 1 (between-Ss design N = 53) and 2 (within-Ss design N = 54) semantic orienting tasks resulted in recall that was equal to or higher than recall following intentional learning. Nonsemantic orienting tasks produced poorest recall. In Experiment 3 (N = 59), Ss performed a word recognition task between two free-recall trials. The target and distractor words were either acoustically, orthographically, or semantically related or were unrelated to each other. On the second free-recall trial, recall was highest for target words that had been paired with semantically related distractors. The results of the three experiments add to the growing support for a levels-of-processing model of memory.
Teaching as Chaos

In this article, the authors advance a metaphor born of chaos theory that views the college classroom as a complex dynamical system. The authors reason further that "teaching as chaos" provides a more accurate representation of the teaching—learning process than the existing linear scientific metaphors on which traditional learning assessments are typically based. Finally, the authors discuss the implications of the chaos metaphor for better understanding the learning that takes place in the college classroom and a professor's role in facilitating that learning.
Localization of [3H]2-deoxyglucose at the cellular level using freeze-dried tissue and dry-looped emulsion

The dry-loop technique was employed to demonstrate [3H]2-deoxyglucose localization at the cellular level in the inner ear. Excellent localization was achieved, with no detectable movement or loss of tracer.
Angle-resolved photoemission determination of the band structure and multielectron excitations in Ni

Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy utilizing polarized synchrotron radiation has been used to determine the electronic energy states of Ni. The dispersion of the $\mathrm{sp}$ band and all of the high-symmetry points in the Ni band structure have been determined. The linewidth in the spectra from the various high-symmetry points is used to estimate the magnitude of the exchange splitting throughout the $d$ band. The measured $d$-band width is 30% smaller than predicted by calculations whereas the $\mathrm{sp}$-band width agrees within 10%. Several peaks in the photoelectron spectra which appear between 6 and 27 eV below the Fermi energy are shown to originate from multielectron excitations.
Inhibition of IAPP aggregation by insulin depends on the insulin oligomeric state regulated by zinc ion concentration

While islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) aggregation is associated with β-cell death in type-II diabetes (T2D), environmental elements of β-cell granules - e.g. high concentrations of insulin and Zn(2+) - inhibit IAPP aggregation in healthy individuals. The inhibition by insulin is experimentally known, but the role of Zn(2+) is controversial as both correlations and anti-correlations at the population level are observed between T2D risk and the activity of a β-cell specific zinc ion transporter, ZnT8. Since Zn(2+) concentration determines insulin oligomer equilibrium, we computationally investigated interactions of IAPP with different insulin oligomers and compared with IAPP homodimer formation. We found that IAPP binding with insulin oligomers competes with the formation of both higher-molecular-weight insulin oligomers and IAPP homodimers. Therefore, zinc deficiency due to loss-of-function ZnT8 mutations shifts insulin oligomer equilibrium toward zinc-free monomers and dimers, which bind IAPP monomers more efficiently compared to zinc-bound hexamers. The hetero-molecular complex formation prevents IAPP from self-association and subsequent aggregation, reducing T2D risk.
A board game to assist pharmacy students in learning metabolic pathways.

Objectives. To develop and evaluate a board game designed to increase students’ enjoyment of learning metabolic pathways; their familiarity with pathway reactions, intermediates, and regulation; an...
Behavioral staff management in institutions: A critical review of effectiveness and acceptability

Abstract Managing the work performance of institutional direct care staff has been a serious concern among researchers in applied behavior analysis and developmental disabilities. This paper reviews the research on behavioral staff management strategies with a focus on procedural effectiveness and acceptability. Four categories of management programs are discussed; antecedent, contingency management, self-control, and multi- faceted interventions. Generally, antecedent approaches appear to be the least successful in improving staff performance whereas contingency management, particularly performance feedback systems, and multi-faceted programs appear to be the most successful. However, a number of methodological problems have plagued the staff management research, including probable reactivity of the typical performance monitoring systems used in the investigations, minimal external validation regarding the effectiveness of specific management strategies, lack of data on the longterm and generalized effects of behavioral interventions, and insufficient attention given to the acceptability of the procedures as well as the social validity of effects of various programs. In addition to remedying methodological deficiencies as just noted, future research needs are discussed in respect to the development of procedures that affect more comprehensive areas of staff responsibilities, evaluations of punishment strategies commonly used by supervisors, and analyses of the day-to-day contigencies that affect attendant performance in the usual institutional work environment.
NOGO-A induction and localization during chick brain development indicate a role disparate from neurite outgrowth inhibition

Background Nogo-A, a myelin-associated protein, inhibits neurite outgrowth and abates regeneration in the adult vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) and may play a role in maintaining neural pathways once established. However, the presence of Nogo-A during early CNS development is counterintuitive and hints at an additional role for Nogo-A beyond neurite inhibition.
Periodontal fiber attachment and apical root resorption.

Apical root resorption is frequent after physiological and orthodontic tooth movement. Current resorption concepts emphasize a protective effect due to cell and fiber attachment to surfaces at risk. The present study investigated relationships between fiber attachment to the root surface and susceptibility to root resorption. The material comprised 10 normal mandibular second and third bicuspids with surrounding periodontia from 4 squirrel monkeys. On step-serial histological sections, defined coronal, middle and apical root surface regions were examined, and attached fiber density and diameter were quantified using computerized digitization methods. For each root surface region, the density and diameter value was used to calculate the fiber occupancy per unit root length. Analysis of variance testing between animal, tooth surface, and defined root surface region showed a significant effect for root surface region only. In the apical region of the root surface, the fiber density was significantly less and the fiber diameter was significantly greater than in the coronal and middle regions. The product of density and diameter showed that attached fiber occupancy was significantly less in the apical region (58%) than in coronal (70%) and middle (74%) regions. It was concluded that differences in attached fiber occupancy may contribute to the greater susceptibility of the root apex to resorption.
Network Framing of Pest Management Knowledge and Practice

Conventional technology transfer is based on the assumption that autonomous individuals independently make behavioral decisions. In contrast, Actor-Network Theory (ANT) suggests that people and technolo- gies are interconnected in ways that reinforce and reproduce some types of knowledge and consequent behavioral practices, but not others. Research on pest management in Mali shows the extent to which farm-level decisions are shaped off-farm through contracts that communicate commercial and regulatory decision-making information. Findings from the analysis of Ukrainian farmer pest management decision-making demonstrate the exercise of power of commercial interests. In light of these findings, evidence from Farmer Field School experiences in Indonesia is re- interpreted. This paper concludes that knowledge networks are not monolithic and, furthermore, there is competition between network segments to define appropriate knowledge and practice. It also recommends that agricultural scientists pay more attention to the negotiations framing legitimate knowledge about the networks in which their producer clienteles are embedded.
Cofaciale Bis(metallo)diporphyrine als potentielle molekulare Katalysatoren für Mehrelektronenreduktionen und ‐oxidationen kleiner Moleküle

Die Rolle von Metalloenzymen in wichtigen biologischen Prozessen hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten zunehmend Beachtung gefunden. Von den vielen chemischen Reaktionen, die durch Enzyme gesteuert werden, sind nur wenige eine so grose Herausforderung wie die Mehrelektronen-Redoxreaktionen. In neueren Untersuchungen ist es gelungen, einige strukturelle und mechanistische Merkmale derartig redoxaktiver Metalloenzyme aufzuklaren, doch im Hinblick auf den Mechanismus der Substratumwandlung tappt man weiterhin im Dunkeln. Wegen der Komplexitat von Metalloenzymsystemen verwendet man einfachere Modellsysteme, um strukturelle oder funktionelle Merkmale des Enzyms nachzuahmen. In Mehrelektronen-Redoxenzymen sind vermutlich mehrere Metallatome an der Substratbindung und den anschliesenden Redoxreaktionen beteiligt. Brauchbare Imitatoren der Funktionen von Mehrelektronen-Redoxenzymen benotigen deshalb vermutlich ebenfalls zwei oder mehr Metallzentren fur eine ausreichende Wirksamkeit. Diese Metallzentren ubernehmen folgende Funktionen: 1) sie verbessern die Affinitat des Substrats zum Katalysator, 2) sie erhohen die Geschwindigkeit des Elektronentransfers auf das gebundene Substrat, 3) sie steigern die Reaktivitat des gebundenen Substrats und 4) sie verhindern storende Nebenreaktionen. Eine Bewertung dieser Faktoren hinsichtlich ihrer Wichtigkeit konnte fur die Entwicklung solcher Katalysatoren hilfreich sein. Cofaciale Metallodiporphyrine sind ideale Dimetallmodellkomplexe, weil bei ihnen die geometrischen und elektronischen Eigenschaften des synthetischen Reaktionszentrums gezielt beeinflust werden konnen. Die anhand von Modellstudien gewonnenen Erkenntnisse konnen dazu beitragen, die Wirkmechanismen von Metalloenzymen aufzuklaren und neue homogene Katalysatoren fur Mehrelektronen-Redoxreaktionen zu entwickeln.
Multiscale Model Validation Based on Generalized Interval Bayes’ Rule and its Application in Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Reliable simulation protocols supporting integrated computational materials engineering requires uncertainty to be quantified. In general, two types of uncertainties are recognized. Aleatory uncertainty is inherent randomness, whereas epistemic uncertainty is due to lack of knowledge. Aleatory and epistemic uncertainties need to be differentiated in validating multiscale models, where measurement data for unconventionally very small or large systems are scarce, or vary greatly in forms and quality (i.e. sources of epistemic uncertainty). In this paper, a recently proposed generalized hidden Markov model is used for cross-scale and cross-domain information fusion under the two types of uncertainties. The dependency relationships among the observable and hidden state variables at multiple scales and physical domains are captured using generalized interval probability. The update of imprecise credence and model validation are based on a generalized interval Bayes’ rule. Its application in molecular dynamics simulation for irradiation of Fe is demonstrated.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Allergen immunotherapy: routes, safety,efficacy, and mode of action

Allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and allergic asthma have been steadily increasing in prevalence in recent years. These allergic diseases have a major impact on quality of life and are a major economic burden in the US. Although allergen avoidance and pharmacotherapy are currently the mainstays of therapy, they are not always successful in treating patients' symptoms effectively. If a patient fails allergen avoidance and medical therapy, immunotherapy may be indicated. Furthermore, immunotherapy is the only therapy that may change the course of the disease and induce long-term remission. Though subcutaneous administration has been the standard route for immunotherapy for many decades, there are several other routes of administration that have been and are currently being studied. The goal of utilizing alternative routes of immunotherapy is to improve safety without decreasing the efficacy of treatment. This paper will review the novel routes of immunotherapy, including sublingual, oral, local nasal, epicutaneous, and intralymphatic.
A Comparison of Electrophysiologically Determined Spectral Responses in Six Subspecies of Lymantria

The spectral sensitivity of the compound eye in three gypsy moth species from six different geographical regions (Lymantria dispar asiatica Vnukovskij [Asian gypsy moth], Lymantria dispar japonica Motschulsky [Japanese gypsy moth], and Lymantria dispar dispar L. [North American gypsy moth]) was tested electrophysiologically in the wavelength region 300-700 nm. For all moths examined, a maximum response occurred in the 480-520-nm range (blue-green region) with a shoulder peak occurring at 460 nm. A smaller, secondary peak was observed for both sexes at the 340-380-nm range, which is in the region considered behaviorally maximal in night-flying insects. No peaks in sensitivity were observed between 520 and 700 nm (red region) for any of the moths tested. Based on our retinal recording data, a short wavelength blocking filter with a transition wavelength near 500 nm should reduce gypsy moth attraction to artificial lighting sources. This would help reduce the number of Lymantria-infested ships traveling to and from foreign ports.
Human amyloid peptides Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 exhibit NADH oxidase acitivity with copper‐induced oscillations and a period length of 24 min

Human amyloid beta peptides Abeta1-40 and Abeta1-42 exhibit NADH oxidase activity with regular oscillations at intervals of ca 6 min. In the presence of copper, the oscillations in Abeta1-40 and Abeta1-42 become more pronounced and now assume a period length of 24 min. In the presence of copper, the oscillations are similar to those observed with NADH oxidase activities of cell surface ECTO-NOX proteins in general including a period length of 24 min. Solutions of copper sulphate in the presence of all the reagents except for the peptides did not exhibit the oscillatory behavior. NOX proteins have been reported previously to have properties of prions and to form amyloid rods of indeterminant length similar to those formed by the 39-43 residue amyloid beta proteins (Abeta). In this report, we demonstrate a second similarity between ECTO-NOX proteins and amyloid beta, that of an oscillating NADH oxidase activity with a period length of 24 min when assayed in the presence of copper.
Prediction, policy, and quantitative inquiry: A reply to Worrall

In his critique of my 1997 JCJE article, John Worrall attempts a partial defense of the current emphasis on quantitative methods in criminal justice education and research. Despite some hesitation, especially near the end of his critique, he suggests that it is reasonable for quantitative methods to receive more attention than qualitative methods. His argument centers on the ability of quantitative methodology to facilitate correct predictions in the field of criminal justice, the contributions of quantitative research to criminal justice policy, and a distinction between theoretical and methodological problems. In this reply, I argue that Worrall's examination of these issues is insufficient and reflects several misinterpretations. I conclude there remains no clear logical basis for the privileging of quantitative methods over qualitative methods in criminal justice education.
On-board removal of CO and other impurities in hydrogen for PEM fuel cell applications

Abstract Carbon monoxide (CO) in the hydrogen (H 2 ) stream can cause severe performance degradation for an H 2 polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The on-board removal of CO from an H 2 stream requires a process temperature less than 80 °C, and a fast reaction rate in order to minimize the reactor volume. At the present time, few technologies have been developed that meet these two requirements. This paper describes a concept of electrochemical water gas shift (EWGS) process to remove low concentration CO under ambient conditions for on-board applications. No on-board oxygen or air supply is needed for CO oxidation. Experimental work has been carried out to prove the concept of EWGS and the results indicate that the process can completely remove low level CO and improve the performance of a PEM fuel cell to the level of a pure H 2 stream. Because the EWGS electrolyzer can be modified from a humidifier for a PEM fuel cell system, no additional device is needed for the CO removal. More experimental data are needed to determine the rate of CO electrochemical removal and to explore the mechanism of the proposed process.
Hydrogen-deuterium exchange in vivo to measure turnover of an ALS-associated mutant SOD1 protein in spinal cord of mice.

Mutations of cytosolic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in humans and overexpression of mutant human SOD1 genes in transgenic mice are associated with the motor neuron degenerative condition known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; Lou Gehrig's disease). Gain-of-function toxicity from the mutant protein expressed in motor neurons, associated with its misfolding and aggregation, leads to dysfunction and cell death, associated with paralyzing disease. Here, using hydrogen–deuterium exchange in intact mice in vivo, we have addressed whether an ALS-associated mutant protein, G85R SOD1–YFP, is subject to the same rate of turnover in spinal cord both early in the course of the disease and later. We find that the mutant protein turns over about 10-fold faster than a similarly expressed wild-type fusion and that there is no significant change in the rate of turnover as animals age and disease progresses.
Sustainable IT services: Assessing the impact of green computing practices

Green computing refers to the practice of using computing resources more efficiently while maintaining or increasing overall performance. Sustainable IT services require the integration of green computing practices such as power management, virtualization, improving cooling technology, recycling, electronic waste disposal, and optimization of the IT infrastructure to meet sustainability requirements. Recent studies have shown that costs of power utilized by IT departments can approach 50% of the overall energy costs for an organization. While there is an expectation that green IT should lower costs and the firm's impact on the environment, there has been far less attention directed at understanding the strategic benefits of sustainable IT services in terms of the creation of customer value, business value and societal value. This paper provides a review of the literature on sustainable IT, key areas of focus, and identifies a core set of principles to guide sustainable IT service design.
Identification of Polybrominated Biphenyls in the Adipose Tissues of the General Population of the United States

Hexabromobiphenyl has been identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in pooled extracts of adipose tissue samples collected from the general population of the conterminous United States. Mass spectra derived from tissue extracts subjected to gel permeation chromatography were compared with those obtained from an authentic PBB mixture containing 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexabromobiphenyl as the principal component. GC retention times and unique characteristics of the mass spectrum permitted confirmation of identity of the hexabromo isomer. Levels in one tissue sample were determined to be in the 1 to 2 ppb range.
A further allusion in the Eumenides to the Panathenaia

Allusions to the Panathenaia 1 in the final scene of the Eumenides have been pointed out by a number of scholars. 2 Headlam identified the red robes of the Eumenides ( , E. 1028) with the cloaks worn by the Metics in the Panathenaic procession.3 In Athena's pronouncement at 1030–1
An event-state approach to handling temporal queries in an extended relational database system

Many database applications such as office information systems, computer aided design and manufacturing require temporal support. The requirement for storing all the historical information has resulted in performance and storage problems. This paper presents and illustrates an event-state approach to effectively and efficiently store and retrieve temporal data. This model demonstrates that by using the events that have occurred, facilities can be constructed that would permit the processes of 'rolling-back' to a historical state and/or 'rolling-forward' to the then current state. The proposed temporal features have been incorporated in a relational database system. Processing efficiency and temporal query capabilities have been illustrated and discussed. >
An evaluation of sampling-based size estimation methods for selections in database systems

The results of a performance study of the representative sampling-based size estimation methods in database management systems are reported in this paper. Major performance measurement includes estimation accuracy, the amount of sample taken, and the coverage. The impact of skewed data on the performance is also discussed. These results allow a better understanding and assessment of sampling estimation methods and determine the suitability of different methods under different situations. >
Factors Influencing the Transport of Air‐Borne Bacteria at Openings

SUMMARY— The factors causing transport of air-borne microorganisms from a high concentration space to a low concentration space were investigated in an aerosol chamber. The transport of bacterial aerosol through an opening between the compartments of the chamber was expressed in terms of a turbulent transfer coefficient. The experimental transfer coefficients increased significantly as the ventilation rates increased from 20 to 40 ft3/min and increased slightly between 40 and 60 ft3/min. Results obtained with ventilation rate gradients ranging from − 30 to +30 ft3/min indicated that the coefficient was maximum at equal rates. An increase in the opening height from 3 to 9 in. produced a significant decrease in the turbulent transfer coefficient. Temperature gradients ranging from −14 to +12S°F with respect to a reference temperature of 75°F resulted in an increase in the turbulent transfer coefficients from 2.09 to 8.09. The effect of temperatures between 75 and 95°F and corresponding relative humidities between 31 and 60%, on aerosol viability did not account for the entire influence of the temperature gradient on aerosol transport.
Estradiol Regulation of Constitutive and Keratinocyte Growth Factor‐Induced CCL20 and CXCL1 Secretion by Mouse Uterine Epithelial Cells

Problem Estradiol can directly affect epithelial cells or indirectly affect epithelial cells via stromal fibroblast secretion of growth factors, such as keratinocyte growth factor (KGF). The purpose of the present study was to determine if estradiol regulates constitutive as well as KGF-induced uterine epithelial cell secretion of CCL20 and CXCL1.
The Imperial Valley of California is critical to wintering Mountain Plovers

Abstract We surveyed Mountain Plovers (Charadrius montanus) wintering in the Imperial Valley of California in January 2001, and also recorded the types of crop fields used by plovers in this agricultural landscape. We tallied 4037 plovers in 36 flocks ranging in size from 4 to 596 birds. Plovers were more common on alfalfa and Bermudagrass fields than other field types. Further, most birds were on alfalfa fields that were currently being (or had recently been) grazed, primarily by domestic sheep. Plovers used Bermudagrass fields only after harvest and subsequent burning. Examination of Christmas Bird Count data from 1950–2000 indicated that the Mountain Plover has abandoned its historical wintering areas on the coastal plains of California. Numbers in the Central Valley seem to have undergone recent declines also. We believe that the cultivated landscape of the Imperial Valley provides wintering habitats for about half of the global population of Mountain Plovers. We attribute the current importance of th...
Revision of the Genus Agaporomorphus Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)

The Neotropical genus Agaporomorphus Zimmermann is revised. The genus includes five species, including three new species: A. mecolobus Miller, new species, A. dolichodactylus Miller, new species and A. grandisinuatus Miller, new species. A key is presented for identification of the species. Agaporomorphus inaciculatus Guignot is transferred to the genus Hydrodytes Miller, new combination. Male and female genitalia and other taxonomically important features are illustrated. A phylogenetic analysis of the genus is presented.
New Technologies and the Future of Cytology

Objective To compare the enzymic method and Jaffe kinetic creatinine assay for the determination of creatinine clearance(CrCl) and discuss whether using foreign CrCl reference interval is appropriate.Methods The levels of serum creatinine,urine creatinine and CrCl were determined in 266 patients by sarcosine oxidase enzymic method and Jaffe kinetic creatinine assay.The results were divided into 4 groups by the CrCl level of Jaffe kinetic creatinine assay.Their CrCl levels were 25,26-50,51-80 and 81 mL/min in Group 1-4 respectively.The two methods′ results of serum creatinine,urine creatinine and CrCl and their difference were analyzed statistically.Results The creatinine concentrations in serum and urine determined by the enzymic method were significantly lower than those determined by Jaffe kinetic creatinine assay(P0.001).However,the CrCl(except Group 1) determined by the enzymic method was much higher than that by Jaffe kinetic creatinine assay(P0.001).The relative deviation of serum creatinine between the two methods was small and was close to the relative deviation of urine creatinine in Group 1,so that CrCl values by both methods had no significant difference.The relative deviation of serum creatinine gradually increased in Group 2-4,however,the relative deviation of urine creatinine almost unchanged.The deviation of CrCl between the two methods would be larger and larger(P0.001).Conclusions When CrCl 25 mL/min,CrCl by the two methods has no difference.On the contrary,when CrCl 26 mL/min,the difference of CrCl appears and will be growing.The deviation of CrCl in normal group is large,so it is unappropriate to use foreign CrCl reference interval.
3 Drug-facilitated intimate partner violence among stimulant-using women in SAN DIEGO, CA

Statement of purpose Nationally, drug-using women are 3–5 times more likely to experience physical/sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime. While there are a number of mechanisms that link drug use and IPV, this article focuses on IPV in the context of victim and perpetrator drug use and its direct psychopharmacological effects (i.e., impaired judgment, altered emotional states). We aimed to understand the role of drug use in IPV from the perspective of stimulant-using women in San Diego, CA. Methods/approach From January to June 2014, we conducted a mixed Methods study among 30 women residing in San Diego, CA, aged >18 years reporting current stimulant use (i.e., methamphetamine, cocaine, and crack) and recent physical/sexual violence by a male intimate partner. Interviewer-administered surveys explored topics related to drug use, sexual health and experiences of IPV. Results The sample consisted of 30 ethnically diverse women with an average age of 46 years (SD = 9.2). Commonly reported stimulants included methamphetamine (90%) and crack (23%), with 80% reporting poly drug use. Ninety-three percent reported having a current drug-using partner. Over 66% of women reported their partner’s drug/alcohol use as a trigger for paranoia, jealousy and anger and subsequent IPV perpetration among partners. Half of women admitted to initiating IPV at least once in the past year, of which four women reported personal drug-facilitated anger, paranoia and distrust, as a leading cause for the initiation of violence. Conclusions Our findings indicate drug use as a potential trigger for IPV victimisation and perpetration. This research reveals drug-related triggers to violence including paranoia, jealousy and acute irritability. Significance and contributions Our research highlights the importance of integrating IPV interventions into drug treatment programs and providing domestic-violence related resources for out-of-treatment drug users experiencing IPV. Moreover, it encourages the development of couple-based interventions targeting IPV among drug-using couples.
Deceptive/Honest/Unreliable/Reliable? Unpacking Social Signaling Theory for Social Computing Systems Analysis and Design

Social signaling theory (SST) is an analytical approach for interpreting interactions in social settings that are not ostensibly explicit. Social computing researchers are beginning to apply SST to study questions of identity, trust, reliability, and multi-cultural communication. Example framing questions include: Relationships: How does social signaling theory complement existing theories used for studying social computing systems? Applications: What types of questions about social computing systems cannot currently be answered from an SST stance? Interventions: How can Social Signaling Theory be leveraged to facilitate the design of next generation social computing systems? During this workshop, through a variety of creative activities and lively discussions, we will begin to unpack SST, map how it is currently being used in research, and investigate the potential for future exploration.
Bruce Grindal's Hidden Theology, Kabbalah, and the Need for a Humanistic Theodicy

Summary While Bruce Grindal never explicitly disclosed his own religious outlook in print, in the epilogue of the draft prospectus for his unpublished book on religious life in North Florida, he professed a “spiritual” impulsion to “admit to being one of the many” and implied that he fit a category he dubbed “quasi-religious.” I would not be the first to observe that even the most secular, allegedly impartial anthropology has a spiritual dimension. I believe that Dr. Grindal's anthropology—perhaps owing to decades of quiet reflection upon his experience of mysterious happenings during his sojourn among the Sisala—was particularly spiritual in this manner, even if not expressly so. Grindal himself likened humanistic inquiry to “a spiritual quest” and the classroom give and take to “listening to a myth and participating in a ritual.” While his published works are elusive on the matter, in graduate seminars and undergraduate lectures, office hours conversations and impromptu bull sessions, there were occasional flashes of disclosure and candid exposition of his personal convictions about the sacral mysteries of the universe. In this essay, I endeavor to demonstrate how a bricolage of such noncanonical remarks permits us to descry the underlying influence of a somewhat patchwork secret theology in Bruce Grindal's writings on synergetic consciousness and his lectures on normative anthropology and ethics. Further, I enter into dialogue with Bruce's reconstituted theology and humbly attempt to offer emendations to one area he left underdeveloped by bringing it into conversation with the Jewish mystical tradition of Kabbalah: the problem of suffering and evil.
Temporal Variation of Iodine Concentration and Speciation (127I and 129I) in Wetland Groundwater from the Savannah River Site, USA

129I derived from a former radionuclide disposal basin located on the Savannah River Site (SRS) has concentrated in a wetland 600 m downstream. To evaluate temporal environmental influences on iodine speciation and mobility in this subtropical wetland environment, groundwater was collected over a three-year period (2010–2012) from a single location. Total 127I and 129I showed significant temporal variations, ranging from 68–196 nM for 127I and <5–133 pCi/L for 129I. These iodine isotopes were significantly correlated with groundwater acidity and nitrate, two parameters elevated within the contaminant plume. Additionally, 129I levels were significantly correlated with those of 127I, suggesting that biogeochemical controls on 127I and 129I are similar within the SRS aquifer/wetland system. Iodine speciation demonstrates temporal variations as well, reflecting effects from surface recharges followed by acidification of groundwater and subsequent formation of anaerobic conditions. Our results reveal a complex...
CONSER:: A Member's Perspective of an Evolving Program

This article describes the perspective of a CONSER member (University of Florida Libraries) weighing the benefits of continued participation in this cooperative cataloging program during a time of operational reassessment and change. The author maintains that CONSER's cooperative history can work to enable its members to integrate the agenda of the program with local priority issues, in the process, improving the quality of treatment of those issues. Electronic serials cataloging is cited as the kind of issue that benefits from discussion and cooperative projects among expert colleagues.
Two Heterothallic Species of the Genus Nidula

1. Two fungi of the genus Nidula have been studied in single-spore culture for the first time. These are the North American species N. candida and N. microcarpa.2. Both species display the tetrapol...
Looking within and reaching out: bereavement counselor perceptions of grieving adults with ID.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the grief and loss experience of adults with ID through the eyes of 18 hospice-affiliated bereavement counselors. The data included interviews w...
Science and Politics of Rainmaking

(1968). Science and Politics of Rainmaking. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 24, No. 8, pp. 8-14.
20 GREATER WEIGHT LOSS ON A HIGH-PROTEIN DIET NOT EXPLAINED BY DIFFERENCES IN PERCEIVED HUNGER OR FULLNESS IN SEVERELY OBESE ADOLESCENTS.

Background High-protein, low-carbohydrate diets (HP) have been reported to produce greater short-term weight loss as compared to a low-fat, low-calorie diet (LFLC). Feelings of satiety related to ketosis have been hypothesized to result in a lower caloric intake in HP diets. Objective To investigate the effects of the HP vs LFLC diets on subjective ratings of hunger and fullness in relation to weight loss and energy intake in severely obese adolescents. We hypothesized that subjects assigned to the HP diet will lose more weight, consume fewer total calories, and report feeling more fullness and less hunger than those on the LFLC diet. Methods Thirty-three adolescents (18 males and 15 females, mean (± SD), age 14.1 ± 1.7 years, and BMI 37.4 ± 3.8) were randomly assigned to the HP or LFLC diet for 13 weeks. Throughout the 13 weeks subjects recorded food intake and also feelings of fullness and hunger 9 times during the day using a 10 cm visual analog scale with 0 cm = ‘not at all hungry/full’ and 10 cm = ‘extremely hungry/full.’ To assess compliance with the HP diet, beta-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) levels were measured at 13 weeks. Results HP subjects lost significantly more weight (-9.0 vs -5.1 kg, p = .01) and had higher βHB levels (2.28 vs 1.00 mmol/L, p = .002). Based upon a similar number of diet/satiety records (7.8 vs 8.7, p = .35 in HP vs LFLC, respectively), daily energy intake was not different between the groups (12.0 kcal/kg/d for HP vs 14.0 kcal/kg/d for LFLC, p = .20) and no differences in hunger or fullness were reported between groups. Weight loss did not correlate with hunger scores, nor was energy intake correlated with hunger or fullness scores or with weight loss. There was a trend for inverse correlation between weight loss and fullness scores (r = .31, p = .08), with greater fullness corresponding to less weight loss. Conclusions Although significantly greater weight loss was achieved by subjects on the HP diet, differences in total energy intake or in perceived hunger or fullness do not appear to account for these differences. These findings suggest that alternative explanations merit consideration. Supported by NIH Grants MO1-RR00069 (Pediatric General Clinical Research Center) and T32 DK007496 and the National Cattleman9s Beef Association.
Failure Cause Analysis on Disconnector Static Contact of 330 kV Converter Station

The conductive contact is an important component of high-voltage opening switch device,and can impact the safe operation of the device directly.The paper analyzes static contact failure by means of some methods such as macroexamination, chemical elements analysis as well as thickness and hardness test.The results show that the contact failure is caused by poor quality coating,compression spring failure and unreasonable contact structure.Based on which,the paper proposes preventive measures that strengthen the incoming inspection of HV disconnector static contact and regularly check its working state.
Analysis of 51 Cases of Adverse Reactions/Events of Aripiprazole

Objective To investigate aripiprazole adverse reactions/events,provide a reference for clinical safety of drugs.Methods We Searched two types of magazimes on mental illness in recent years,15 cases of aripiprazole adverse reaction reports were collected,together with 36 clinical cases of adverse reactions,acomprehensive statistical analysis wa conducted.Results Aripiprazole adverse reactions/events involve 9 systems-organs,including 22 manifestations.The hepatobiliary system,extrapyramidal system,blood system and cardiovascular system were more commonly involved.88.24% of the adverse reactions occurred within 30 days,acute adverse reactions were less.Conclusion Aripiprazole adverse reactions/events commonly involved the hepatobiliary system,extrapyramidal system and blood system and cardiovascular system,fewer acute adverse reactions occurred.It is an ideal antipsychotic drug.
Community water fluoridation predicts increase in age-adjusted incidence and prevalence of diabetes in 22 states from 2005 and 2010

Community water fluoridation is considered a significant public health achievement of the 20th century. In this paper, the hypothesis that added water fluoridation has contributed to diabetes incidence and prevalence in the United States was investigated. Panel data from publicly available sources were used with population-averaged models to test the associations of added and natural fluoride on the outcomes at the county level in 22 states for the years 2005 and 2010. The findings suggest that a 1 mg increase in the county mean added fluoride significantly positively predicts a 0.23 per 1,000 person increase in age-adjusted diabetes incidence ( P P P P
Melanopsin: The Tale of the Tail.

In this issue of Neuron, Mure et al. (2016) demonstrate that two mechanisms-phosphorylation of a C-terminal intracellular region, and mechanism involving the whole of the C terminus-oppositely shape the kinetics and sensitivity of the nonvisual photoreceptor melanopsin.
Students’ Metaphors as Descriptors of Effective and Ineffective Learning Experiences

The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of how college students characterise their learning experiences. A Scholarship of Teaching and Learning research project was undertaken in which students were asked to describe, and create metaphors for, effective and ineffective learning experiences. Our focus was on experiences explicitly and solely perceived by students (i.e., listening to their voices) rather than on outcome-based or performance-based measures. Data was collected from 142 U.S. students attending both four-year and two-year higher education institutions. Three categories to describe effective/ineffective learning experiences emerged from an analysis of the metaphors: Connection/Disconnection, Empowerment/Disempowerment, and Engagement/Disengagement. Implications for instructional practice and for the use of metaphor as a method to understand student voices in SoTL research are explored.
Top-down and bottom-up approaches to stable clock synthesis

In this work we present and study bottom-up, or multiplicative, clock synthesis and compare it to a proposed and alternative top-down, or divisive, methodology. The focus of the work is on the short-term stability for each approach and the implications associated with frequency multiplication and division. The analysis and simulation demonstrate that for a common application, a top-down clock synthesis approach achieves similar stability performance when compared to bottom-up synthesis, while also being substantially simpler to implement.
Perceptions of developmental hierarchies in Taiwan: Conceptual, substantive, and methodological insights

Motivated by a growing awareness of the penetration of developmental idealism into the daily lives of ordinary people, this paper analyzes Taiwanese college students’ perceptions of developmental hierarchies, a key element of developmental idealism. We investigate the extent to which Taiwanese students hold hierarchical views of the world, whether these views match the views of the United Nations, the stability of these views across time, and the reliability of measurement. Data for this paper come from the survey of ‘Political Values and Attitudes among University Students in Taiwan,’ a panel study conducted by the Election Study Center in Taipei, Taiwan. Our results from this panel study conducted in 2006, 2007, and 2008 show that Taiwanese students have worldviews that include developmental hierarchies that are very similar to the country development ratings of the United Nations. We show that these perceptions of developmental hierarchies can be measured reliably at both the individual and the aggrega...