cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A second growth state for Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Abstract The kinetics of volume increase in individual cells of Schizosaccharomyces pombe were determined by phase microscopy at osmolalities lower than those reported in the literature. At the highest osmolality, 550 mmol/kg, all cells followed a biphasic pattern of growth, in which cell volumes increased to their maximum values approximately four-fifths of the way through the growth cycle. At lower osmolalities (400–420 mmol/kg), many or most of the cells followed a different growth pattern, with a linear increase in cell volume throughout the cycle. The following evidence indicates that a different regulatory mechanism is responsible for the linear growth pattern: (1) Regulation of cell length and diameter differed for the two cases. During biphasic growth, cell length also increased biphasically and cell diameters remained essentially constant during the cycle, whereas during linear growth, both cell length and diameter increased linearly until formation of the cell plate very late in cycle. (2) The two different growth states were observed for cells growing on two very different kinds of medium. (3) Frequency distributions of the two growth patterns showed that there were two distinct groups of growing cells, with and without a cell volume plateau; these results rule out a single growth state in which plateaus are graded from large to infinitesimally small. (4) Linear regressions fitted to the data for linear growth did not differ significantly from the theoretical model for linear growth without a terminal plateau. These results reveal the operation of a second regulatory system for cell growth in S. pombe at osmolalities closer to those in liquid medium. The occurrence of transitions between the two growth states in successive generations and the agreement between several growth parameters for the two modes suggest that the growth states are closely related.
Imaging wellbore cement degradation by carbon dioxide under geologic sequestration conditions using X-ray computed microtomography.

X-ray microtomography (XMT), a nondestructive three-dimensional imaging technique, was applied to demonstrate its capability to visualize the mineralogical alteration and microstructure changes in hydrated Portland cement exposed to carbon dioxide under geologic sequestration conditions. Steel coupons and basalt fragments were added to the cement paste in order to simulate cement-steel and cement-rock interfaces. XMT image analysis showed the changes of material density and porosity in the degradation front (density: 1.98 g/cm3, porosity: 40%) and the carbonated zone (density: 2.27 g/cm3, porosity: 23%) after reaction with CO2-saturated water for 5 months compared to unaltered cement (density: 2.15 g/cm3, porosity: 30%). Three-dimensional XMT imaging was capable of displaying spatially heterogeneous alteration in cement pores, calcium carbonate precipitation in cement cracks, and preferential cement alteration along the cement-steel and cement-rock interfaces. This result also indicates that the interface...
The RDF virtual machine

The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a semantic network data model that is used to create machine-understandable descriptions of the world and is the basis of the Semantic Web. This article discusses the application of RDF to the representation of computer software and virtual computing machines. The Semantic Web is posited as not only a web of data, but also as a web of programs and processes.
Highly Asymmetric, Interfaced Dimers Made of Au Nanoparticles and Bimetallic Nanoshells: Synthesis and Photo-Enhanced Catalysis

Synthesis of a class of exotic interfaced dimers with high asymmetries in terms of composition, morphology, structure (solid versus hollow), and dimension of the individual nanoscale components in the dimers is successfully accomplished. Typical examples include the interfaced dimers made of solid Au nanoparticles and hollow bimetallic nanoshells with different compositions, such as Au/Ag, Pt/Ag, and Pd/Ag. The success of the synthesis relies on the combination of asymmetric overgrowth of Ag nanodomains on the partially passivated Au nanoparticles and a following galvanic replacement reaction between the Ag nanodomains and appropriate noble metal precursors. The entire synthesis is processed on the unique superparamagnetic colloidal substrates that offer many advantages, such as time-efficiency, scalability, and high yield. The Au nanoparticle and the bimetallic nanoshell in each interfaced dimer are in direct contact, resulting in the possible strong coupling between them as well as novel properties that cannot be observed in either the nanoparticle or the nanoshell. For example, dimers made of Au nanoparticles and Pd/Ag nanoshells exhibit enhanced catalytic performance toward Suzuki coupling reactions under illumination of visible light because the strong surface plasmon resonances in the Au nanoparticles can influence the catalytic activity of the Pd/Ag nanoshells through coupling between the nanoparticles and the nanoshells.
Congenital auricular fibrillation in a newborn infant with endocardial fibroelastosis

An exceedingly fast heart rate was noted, first in utero and again at birth; the presence of auricular fibrillation was confirmed by an electrocardiogram at 2 hours of age. The fibrillation persisted throughout the infant's five months of life despite the administration of digitalis and 2 trials of quinidine administration. Postmortem examination confirmed the diagnosis of endocardial fibroelastosis.
MIXED VARIABLE STRUCTURAL OPTIMIZATION USING CONVEX LINEARIZATION TECHNIQUES

Abstract In this paper, the use of convex approximation techniques is investigated for optimizing the configuration of planar trusses. It has been previously shown that simultaneous treatment of sizing and configuration variables is feasible. This work demonstrates that not only do the two types of variables not require separation but that they can be handled efficiently together. Problems with both types of variables can be solved within a small number of analyses (typically ten) This work also indicates that approximation techniques can be used to great advantage on problems with both configuration and sizing variables. The addition of the second type of design variable causes little increase in the computational difficulty of the problem. The use of approximation techniques improves the convergence properties and greatly reduces the number of analyses required Various convex linearization schemes are investigated on problems of shape optimization of truss structures. In particular, the Convex Lineariza...
Distribution of Capillaries in Normal and Ischemic Turkey Skeletal Muscle

Capillary to fiber relationship was studied in musculi biceps femoris and musculi pectoralis thoracicus from 20 normal and 10 ischemic turkeys. Capillary density, the number of capillaries surrounding a fiber, capillary to fiber ratio, intercapillary distance, and fiber area were measured. The muscles from the ischemic group had significantly lower (P less than .05) values for capillary density and capillary to fiber ratio and significantly higher intercapillary distance than those from the normal group. There was no evidence of larger muscle fiber size in the ischemic versus normal birds. It is suggested that the occurrence of muscle ischemia in the domestic turkey is due to alterations in capillarity and reduced vasodilatation, resulting from lack of exercise.
Strategies for Screening for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma in High-Risk Patients

Identification of high-risk individuals, genetic counseling, and informed consent are important components of a screening program for familial pancreatic cancer. Screening high-risk individuals with imaging tests, such endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and computed tomography (CT), can lead to the detection and treatment of predominantly asymptomatic early pancreatic neoplasms, as well as extra-pancreatic tumors. These pancreatic neoplasms consist of resectable, mostly branch-type non-invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). EUS can visualize these very early IPMNs as focal duct ectasias or cysts. EUS features of chronic pancreatitis are highly prevalent in high-risk individuals and these directly correlate with multifocal lobulocentric parenchymal atrophy due to multifocal pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). No one molecular marker is ready for “prime time” screening of high-risk individuals. Translational studies are underway to discover novel biomarkers for IPMNs, PanIN-3 lesions, or microinvasive adenocarcinoma, which are likely to be cured by timely intervention. Long-term, multi-prospective studies are needed to determine if screening for early pancreatic neoplasia and timely intervention results in decreased pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality in high-risk individuals.
Shear flow instability generated by non-homogeneous external forcing

An experiment has been designed and conducted in order to ascertain whether instability waves can be generated by nonhomogeneous forcing, using a biconvex vane located outside the mixing layer whose oscillation was induced by an electromagnetic shaker through a linkage. The vane was oscillated at 20 Hz, and the resulting spectra were computed by a spectrum analyzer. The data are judged to provide an example of instability waves generated solely through nonhomogeneous forcing.
A synthetic alanyl-initiator tRNA with initiator tRNA properties as determined by flourescence measurements: comparison to a synthetic alanyl-elongator tRNA

Two synthetic tRNAs have been generated that can be enzymatically aminoacylated with alanine and have AAA anticodons to recognize a poly(U) template. One of the tRNAs (tRNA(eAla/AAA)) is nearly identical to Escherichia coli elongator tRNA(Ala). The other has a sequence similar to Escherichia coli initiator tRNA(Met) (tRNA(iAla/AAA)). Although both tRNAs can be used in poly(U)-directed nonenzymatic initiation at 15 mM Mg2+, only the elongator tRNA can serve for peptide elongation and polyalanine synthesis. Only the initiator tRNA can be bound to 30S ribosomal subunits or 70S ribosomes in the presence of initiation factor 2 (IF-2) and low Mg2+ suggesting that it can function in enzymatic peptide initiation. A derivative of coumarin was covalently attached to the alpha amino group of alanine of these two Ala-tRNA species. The fluorescence spectra, quantum yield and anisotropy for the two Ala-tRNA derivatives are different when they are bound to 70S ribosomes (nonenzymatically in the presence of 15 mM Mg2+) indicating that the local environment of the probe is different. Also, the effect of erythromycin on their fluorescence is quite different, suggesting that the probes and presumably the alanine moiety to which they are covalently linked are in different positions on the ribosomes.
Isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, and thiazolylpropionic acid derivatives as potent α4β1 integrin antagonists

Abstract A series of isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, and thiazolylpropionic acid derivatives derived from LDV was found to be a potent antagonist of the α 4 β 1 integrin. The synthesis and SAR leading up to 3-[3-(1-{2-[3-methoxy-4-(3- o -tolyl-ureido)-phenyl]-acetylamino}-3-methyl-butyl)-isoxazol-5-yl]-propionic acid ( 22 ) are reported. In an allergic mouse model, compound 22 was efficacious delivered systemically (58% inhib @ 10 mg/kg, sc) as well as by intra-tracheal instillation (ED 50 =2 μg/kg).
Stratigraphy, Age, and Flora of the Southport Forest Bed, Southeastern Wisconsin

A mid-Holocene buried organic layer 10 to 60 cm thick is present along the Lake Michigan shoreline in southeastern Wisconsin. Named the Southport forest bed for its location in Kenosha County, the unit has yielded abundant wood specimens, including large logs, branches, twigs, stumps, and root material. Roots of truncated in situ oak (Quercus) and elm (Ulmus) trees extend into the underlying till of the late Wisconsin Oak Creek Formation. Nearshore lacustrine sand above the organic layer contains abundant driftwood, overlain by 2 to 3 m of cross-bedded dune sand. More than 50 wood samples have been identified; the assemblage is that of a mixed hardwood forest dominated by oak (Quercus) and hickory (Carya), which account for about 60% of the assemblage. Although the site has been mostly concealed for many years, it was beautifully exposed in the 1960s and early 1970s, when it was initially studied by Phil Sander, who discovered the site and documented it with field notes and numerous photographs. Here we report several new (unpublished) radiocarbon dates and details of the stratigraphy and arboreal flora. Radiocarbon dates suggest that the Southport forest probably lived for 900–1000 14C years, possibly longer, reaching its climax at about 5300 B.P. The site is of particular importance because of its proximity to the Nipissing shoreline and provides a significant point on the Nipissing transgression time curve. The unusually large number of identified specimens affords an accurate evaluation of the warm and relatively dry climate that characterized the southern Great Lakes region during the mid-Holocene.
The sensitivity of the forward cross section in transfer reactions between heavy ions to the edge of the nuclear field

The ratio of the cross section for two nucleon transfer in heavy ion reactions measured at forward angle and at the grazing angle depends very sensitively on the location of the edge of the imaginary potential compared to the real.
Linking Consumer Debt and Consumer Expenditures: Do Borrowers Spend Money Differently?

This study uses data from 5,174 households in the 1994–1995 Consumer Expenditure Surveys to investigate differences in expenditure patterns between households who borrow money and households who do not borrow money. Findings show that, holding total expenditure constant, compared with otherwise similar nonborrowers, borrowers spend less money on necessities such as shelter, food at home, and utilities, but more money on some luxury commodities that have the potential for social display, such as car purchases, household furnishings and equipment, and entertainment. Furthermore, borrowers are found to be almost unitarily income elastic with respect to apparel, medical services, alcoholic beverages, and food away from home, whereas these commodities are luxuries for nonborrowers. Borrowers are also found to spend more money on health insurance and prescription drugs and medical equipment, possibly due to poor health. Theoretical and empirical implications of this research are discussed in this study.
Decision‐Making in Children with Asthma and their Parents

Purpose To learn how children with asthma and their parents make treatment-related decisions. Data Sources Verbatim transcripts of focus group interviews of 28 school age children with asthma and their parents. Children had attended an educationally based asthma camp program. Questions related to choices parents and children made regarding implementation of their asthma treatment plans both, at home and at school. Conclusions Parents and children made many non-adherence decisions especially with respect to preventive aspects of the treatment plan. Symptoms were the driving force for children's decisions. Parents and children had concerns about implementing the management plan school. Parents and children may not perceive asthma treatment options as true choices, thus affecting motivation for adherence. Implications Practitioners need to form partnerships with parents and children in developing treatmentgoals. Goals should focus on achievement of normal daily activities. Asthma education needs to be concrete and include school personnel. Practitioners need to give families positive, informational feedback.
Human genes involved in cholesterol metabolism: chromosomal mapping of the loci for the low density lipoprotein receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase with cDNA probes

Cellular cholesterol metabolism is regulated primarily through the coordinate expression of two proteins, the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase (EC 1.1.1.34). We have used cDNA probes for the human genes encoding these proteins to determine the precise chromosomal location of the two loci. By in situ hybridization we have regionally mapped the LDL receptor gene, LDLR, to the short arm of chromosome 19 in bands p13.1-p13.3. This result concurs with and extends a previous study in which LDLR was mapped to chromosome 19 by screening somatic cell hybrids with a species-specific monoclonal antibody. We have assigned the HMG-CoA reductase gene, HMGCR, to chromosome 5 by Southern blotting of DNA from a somatic cell hybrid panel and to bands 5q13.3-q14 by in situ hybridizations of the cDNA probe to human metaphase cells with normal and rearranged chromosomes.
Effect of stabilization of a bilateral sagittal split on orthodontic finishing after mandibular setback: a case for bicortical fixation.

Purpose This report reviews the diagnosis and management of patients with Class III skeletal patterns and discusses the stability of a bilateral sagittal split to set back the mandible using 2 fixed bicortical screws and a monocortical plate. Materials and Methods The database of the University of Kentucky was searched for code 524.02 of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and 21,196 cases from 2006 through 2010. Of these, cases with large anterior posterior discrepancies were identified that required maxillary advancement and mandibular setback. Two representative cases were chosen to illustrate the stability of the mandibular setback. Results The 2 patients had good esthetic results and were debanded before their 6-month postoperative appointment. The case in which the mandible was set back the least showed the greatest skeletal stability. Conclusions Patients with Class III occlusal patterns often have maxillary and mandibular skeletal components to their malocclusions. A bilateral sagittal split that is rigidly fixed with 2 bicortical screws and a monocortical plate will produce excellent occlusal and skeletal results when the 2 components of the deformity are addressed.
Protein-facilitated RNA folding

In the absence of protein collaborators, both simple and complex RNAs often misfold or are unfolded. Biologically important RNAs solve their folding problem, in part, using the assistance of chaperone and cofactor proteins. Recent work emphasizes several rules for RNA-protein complexes: formation involves induced fit; many large RNAs fold slowly; and ribonucleoprotein assembly requires multiple steps. Finally, protein binding can introduce thermodynamic side effects.
Effect of trauma and infection on lyozyme in poultry tissue.

SummaryCharacterization of lysozyme free, bound, and total in traumatized tissues revealed that trauma elicited the release of free lysozyme in damaged areas. Within 1 day, lysozyme (μg lysozyme equivalent/g of wet tissue) increased from 4.9 in superficial to 7.8 in medium and to 8.8 in severe trauma. The percentage free lysozyme in these tissues was 51% of total in superficial, 59% in medium, and 65% in severe trauma. No lysozyme was detected in control tissue, in periphery of damaged area, or in symmetrically located control muscle on the same traumatized birds. Ratio of total to free lysozyme concentration was 1:0.6 to 1:0.7 and was constant during healing. Enhancement of lysozyme concentration in traumatized tissue was also affected by bacterial infection. Within 1 day S. aureus-infected traumatized tissue had 23.5 μg lysozyme equivalent/g of tissue compared to 8.7 in control-infected tissue; E. coli-infected traumatized tissues had the same value as that of S. aureus. In control E. coli-infected tiss...
An investigation of response competition in retrieval-induced forgetting

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that retrieval practice on a subset of studied items can cause forgetting of different related studied items. This retrieval-induced forgetting (the RIF effect) has been demonstrated in a variety of recall studies and has been attributed to an inhibitory mechanism activated during retrieval practice by competition for a shared retrieval cue. The current study generalizes the RIF effect to recognition memory and investigates this competition assumption. Experiment 1 demonstrated an effect of RIF effect in item recognition with incidental encoding of category-exemplar association during the study phase. Experiment 2 demonstrated evidence of RIF with use of an independent retrieval cue during retrieval practice. Results from this study indicate that response competition may occur outside of the retrieval-practice phase, or may not be limited to situations where there is an overt link to a shared category cue.
Choosing a Help-Giver: Sex of Subject, Type of Problem, Age of Helper, and Relationship of Helper to Subject:

In Exp. 1 20 male and 20 female undergraduates responded to questionnaire items requiring choice between two types of advisors for help in solving two types of problems. Subjects chose either a low...
Optical Magnetic Field Detection: Intracavity Phase Interferometry

A new approach to magnetometry is demonstrated. Using intracavity phase to frequency conversion a sensitivity of 10nT corresponding to a polarization rotation of 2x10-9rad can be achieved, using a short TGG crystal as sensing element.
Effect of particle size on iron nanoparticle oxidation state

Abstract Selecting catalyst particles is a very important part of carbon nanotube growth, although the properties of these nanoscale particles are unclear. In this article iron nanoparticles are analyzed through the use of atomic force microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in order to understand how the size affects the chemical composition of nanoparticles and thus their physical structure. Initially, atomic force microscopy was used to confirm the presence of iron particles, and to determine the average size of the particles. Next an analytical model was developed to estimate particle size as a function of deposition time using inputs from atomic force microscopy measurement. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was then performed with a focus on the spectra relating to the 2p Fe electrons to study the chemical state of the particles as a function of time. It was shown that as the size of nanoparticles decreased, the oxidation state of the particles changed due to a high proportion of atoms on the surface.
Toxinological studies of the venom from Cassiopea xamachana nematocysts isolated by flow cytometry

The tentacle epithelial tissue of Cassiopea xamachana contains nematocysts and symbiotic algal particles. These two structures were dissociated, analyzed and sorted by flow cytometry. A simple separating method was developed utilizing the algal chlorophyll autofluorescence and the nematocysts' fluorescence after the uptake of fluorescent stains. A five-fold increase in mouse lethality; significantly more potent hemolytic and cytosensing activities; as well as a cleanup in the capillary electropherogram and SDS gel profiles for the crude nematocyst venom preparations prepared by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), was observed relative to alternative methods. Because the hemolytic potency of pre-sorting nematocyst venom was minimal and the post-sorting counterpart was significantly positive, the possibility that algae inhibited the venom's toxinological activity was considered.
Rapid Kinetic Analysis of Multichannel Records by a Simultaneous Fit to All Dwell-Time Histograms

A method is presented for rapidly extracting single-channel transition rate constants from patch-clamp recordings containing signals from several channels. The procedure is based on a simultaneous fit of the observed dwell-time distributions for all conductance levels, using a maximum likelihood approach. This algorithm allows estimation of single-channel rate constants in cases where more advanced methods may be impractical because of their extremely long computational time. A correction is included for the limited time resolution of the recording system, according to theory developed by Roux and Sauve (Biophys. J. 48:149-158, 1985), by accounting for the impact of undetected transitions on the dwell-time distributions, and by introducing an improved practical implementation of a fixed dead time for the case of more than one channel. This feature allows application of the method to noisy data, after filtering. A computer program implementing the method is tested successfully on a variety of simulated multichannel current traces.
Engagement, Ecology, and Design Education: Outreach Work of the Tulane City Center

of Architecture, the Tulane City Center (TCC) supports teams of architecture faculty members and students, who work with local nonprofit groups to provide design and “visioning” help to underserved neighborhoods of the Greater New Orleans community. Since the center’s establishment less than two months after the devastating floods that followed Hurricane Katrina, Tulane School of Architecture students and faculty have collaborated on the design and construction of dozens of innovative and award-winning projects that support the city’s recovery. These projects include six ecologically sound single-family houses, several green markets and their related “urban agriculture” facilities, shade and watercollection pavilions that promote neighborhood communication and environmental education, and more than 50 other projects that range from neighborhood planning to the development of cooperative grocery stores in urban areas that lack access to healthful food. Tulane City Center projects are designed with extensive and diverse community input that is gathered through formal community meetings and informal neighborhood events, which often involve food and music (we are in New Orleans, after all). The design proposals are then published in “visioning booklets” that enable prospective supporters and constituents to read about the goals and ambitions. Finally, many of the projects are constructed by groups of students who gain hands-on experience in the execution of progressive design concepts and new construction technologies. This work gives students a unique educational experience—applying classroom lessons to real design problems and engaging a broad range of issues to connect the built and natural environments.
MULTI-COMPONENT DIFFUSION AND PENETRATIVE CONVECTION

Abstract The problem is the investigation of penetrative thermal convection in a three constituent fluid. The stability criteria are derived by a Chebyshev tau method. Very interesting neutral curves are derived including non-perfect “heart shaped” oscillatory curves affording a variety of complex dynamical behaviour, and an isolatory curve allowing stability in distinct finite regions of the Rayleigh number space. When the penetration effect is increased the closed oscillatory curves become more skew and for certain parameters it is found that the closed curve has the same minimum critical Rayleigh number as the unbounded stationary convection one. This leads to the novel prediction that different types of instability will occur at the same critical Rayleigh number but for different wave numbers. The behaviour of the growth rate is investigated to some extent and we see that an exchange of stabilities is occurring between the leading group of eigenvalues (i.e. the growth rate) whereby the eigenvalue with greatest real part may be a complex conjugate pair which is “overtaken” by a purely real eigenvalue in a suitable part of the Rayleigh number domain.
Ferric chloride-induced murine carotid arterial injury: A model of redox pathology

Ferric chloride (FeCl3) induced vascular injury is a widely used model of occlusive thrombosis that reports platelet activation in the context of an aseptic closed vascular system. This model is based on redox-induced endothelial cell injury, which is simple and sensitive to both anticoagulant and anti-platelets drugs. The time required for platelet aggregation to occlude blood flow gives a quantitative measure of vascular damage that is pathologically relevant to thrombotic disease. We have refined the traditional FeCl3-induced carotid artery model making the data highly reproducible with lower variation. This paper will describe our artifices and report the role of varying the oxidative damage by varying FeCl3 concentrations and exposure. To explore a maximum difference between experimental groups, adjustment of the selected FeCl3 dose and exposure duration may be necessary.
EPR Resuscitated: A Reply to Wessels

Defense de l'argument de Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen portant sur la completude de la mecanique quantique contre les critiques, de Wessels, ("The EPR Argument: A post mortem", (Philosophical Studies, 40, 1981, p. 3-30).
Polymer supported inorganic nanoparticles: characterization and environmental applications

Abstract Nanoscale Inorganic Particles (NIPs) and their agglomerates offer excellent opportunities conducive to selective removal of a wide array of target compounds from contaminated water bodies. For example, (i) hydrated Fe(III) oxides or HFO particles can selectively sorb dissolved heavy metals like zinc, copper or metalloids like arsenic oxyacids or oxyanions; (ii) Mn(IV) oxides are fairly strong solid phase oxidizing agents; (iii) magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) crystals are capable of imparting magnetic activity; (iv) elemental Zn o or Fe o are excellent reducing agents for both inorganic and organic contaminants. Very high surface area to volume ratio of these nanoscale particles offers favorable sorption and/or reaction kinetics. However, applications of NIPs in fixed-bed columns, in-situ reactive barriers and in similar flow-through applications are not possible due to extremely high pressure drops. Also, these NIPs are not durable and lack mechanical strength. Harnessing these inorganic nanoparticles and their aggregates appropriately within polymeric beads offers new opportunities that are amenable to rapid implementation in the area of environmental separation and control. While the NIPs retain their intrinsic sorption/desorption, redox, acid–base or magnetic properties, the robust polymeric support offers excellent mechanical strength, durability and favorable hydraulic properties in the flow-through systems. This paper discusses at length the preparation, characterization and environmental applications of two classes of polymer supported nanoparticles: (i) Hydrated Fe(III) Oxide (HFO) dispersed polymeric exchanger and their As(III), As(V), and heavy metals removal properties; (ii) Magnetically Active Polymeric Particles (MAPPs). The polymer supported nanoparticles are reusable and can be easily reprocessed over many cycles of operation.
Speech perception, word recognition and the structure of the lexicon

Abstract This paper reports the results of three projects concerned with auditory word recognition and the structure of the lexicon. The first project was designed to experimentally test several specific predictions derived from MACS, a simulation model of the Cohort Theory of word recognition. Using a priming paradigm, evidence was obtained for acoustic-phonetic activation in word recognition in three experiments. The second project describes the results of analyses of the structure and distribution of words in the lexicon using a large lexical database. Statistics about similarity spaces for high and low frequency wordswere applied to previously published data on the intelligibility of words presented in noise. Differences in identification were shown to be related to structural factors about the specific words and the distribution of similar words in their neighborhoods. Finally, the third project describes efforts at developing a new theory of word recognition know as Phonetic Refinement Theory. The theory is based on findings from human listeners and was designed to incorporate some of the detailed acoustic-phonetic and phonotactic knowledge that human listeners have about the internal structure of words and the organization of words in the lexicon, and how they use this knowledge in word recognition. The theory relies on several novel techniques to formalize strategies for search space reduction from large vocabularies when only partial information about the phonetic content of a word is available. Taken together, the results of these projects demonstrate a number of new and important findings about the relation between speech perception and auditory word recognition, two areas of research that have traditionally been approached from quite different perspectives in the past.
Segmentation-free morphological character recognition

A basic class of structuring-element pairs for segmentation-free character recognition via the morphological hit-or-miss transform is developed for Courier font. Both hit and miss structuring elements are sparse and they are selected so that the hit-or-miss transform can be applied across the test image without prior segmentation. Besides being able to achieve high rates of accuracy on text with touching characters, the hit-or-miss algorithm, as developed herein, is shown to be very robust with respect to the threshold level for the input gray-scale data.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Pyourachus: an unusual surgical problem.

Abstract Five cases of pyourachus have been described that illustrate the unusual manner in which this condition may present. One of the important features is rupture with ensuing generalized peritonitis. Although initial excision of the cyst may be performed in selected cases, simple drainage is the safest and preferred procedure.
The insensitivity of endoscopic markers in celiac disease

Abstract OBJECTIVES: Celiac disease (CD) is characterized by small intestinal inflammation and mucosal atrophy. Endoscopic markers of villous atrophy are reported to be present in 88–100% of untreated celiac patients. In patients being evaluated for iron deficiency anemia (IDA), we examined whether endoscopic markers could predict histological results consistent with CD. METHODS: One hundred thirteen patients without histories of CD had small bowel biopsies to evaluate IDA using videoendoscopy. Markers suggesting villous atrophy were noted at endoscopy. Biopsy specimens were reviewed for consistency with CD. Endoscopic and histological findings were compared. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were diagnosed with CD, both clinically and histologically. Loss of folds was the most sensitive marker of villous atrophy, present in 47% with CD, with 97% specificity. The mosaic pattern was much less sensitive (12%), with 100% specificity. Nodularity and scalloping had low sensitivities (6%), but specificities of 95% and 100%, respectively. A finding of any endoscopic marker yielded a sensitivity of 59% and specificity of 92% for CD. CONCLUSIONS: Although endoscopic markers have been guides for directing small bowel biopsies in patients suspected of having CD, we found sensitivities of these markers to be low and conclude that they should not be relied upon for detecting CD in patients presenting with IDA.
Higher order time integration methods for two-phase flow

Time integration methods that adapt in both the order of approximation and time step have been shown to provide efficient solutions to Richards' equation. In this work, we extend the same method of lines approach to solve a set of two-phase flow formulations and address some mass conservation issues from the previous work. We analyze these formulations and the nonlinear systems that result from applying the integration methods, placing particular emphasis on their index, range of applicability, and mass conservation characteristics. We conduct numerical experiments to study the behavior of the numerical models for three test problems. We demonstrate that higher order integration in time is more efficient than standard low-order methods for a variety of practical grids and integration tolerances, that the adaptive scheme successfully varies the step size in response to changing conditions, and that mass balance can be maintained efficiently using variable-order integration and an appropriately chosen numerical model formulation.
The health status of women in Oaxaca: determinants and consequences.

Survey data from a sample of 575 women from the city of Oaxaca de Juarez, Mexico, are analyzed to ascertain the effect of the receipt of job-related benefits, including health benefits, on the self-reported health status of women, their rating of the health of the members of their household, and their satisfaction with the health of the members of their household. Health status depends on the woman's age, her socioeconomic status, and the number of children she has borne. Her rating of the health of the members of her household is related to her age, her socioeconomic status, and her rating of her own health. Satisfaction with the physical health of the members of the household is a function her health, her rating of the health of her household, her age, her socioeconomic status and the number of children she has borne. The overall conclusion is that, in this study, it is socioeconomic and demographic factors that are important in determining the woman's health status, rather than the receipt of job-related benefits. That she reports good health is an important factor in her view of her family's health and her satisfaction with her own health and that of her family.
Productivity Improvements in Hip and Knee Surgery

Productivity improvements that occur as technologies become widely used are not well documented. This study measured secular trends over 1998–2010 in productivity of hip and knee procedures gauged in terms of changes in physical function and pain after versus before surgery. We used data from the Health and Retirement Study. Health outcomes from surgery were measured by 6 physical functioning scales and 2 pain indicators. We used propensity score matching to obtain nonsurgery control groups. Not only were there substantial improvements in physical functioning and pain reduction after receipt of these procedures in all years, but also we documented improvements in health outcomes over time. Largest improvements were for reductions in numbers of Activity and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living limitations for knee procedures.
Growth and process modeling studies of nickel-catalyzed metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of GaN nanowires

Abstract A combination of experimental and computational fluid dynamics-based reactor modeling studies were utilized to study the effects of process conditions on GaN nanowire growth by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) in an isothermal tube reactor. The GaN nanowires were synthesized on (0 0 0 1) sapphire substrates using nickel thin films as a catalyst. GaN nanowire growth was observed over a furnace temperature range of 800–900 °C at V/III ratios ranging from 33 to 67 and was found to be strongly dependent on the position of the substrate relative to the group III inlet tube. The modeling studies revealed that nanowire growth consistently occurred in a region in the reactor where the GaN thin-film deposition rate was reduced and the gas phase consisted primarily of intermediate species produced by the reaction and decomposition of trimethylgallium–ammonia adduct compounds. The GaN nanowires exhibited a predominant [1 1 2¯ 0] growth direction. Photoluminescence measurements revealed an increase in the GaN near-band edge emission intensity and a reduction in the deep-level yellow luminescence with increasing growth temperature and V/III ratio.
The effect of conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus on gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism and cholesterol.

UNLABELLED The use of cyclosporine for immunosuppression in renal transplantation allograft recipients is associated with hypertrichosis, gingival hyperplasia, and hypercholesterolemia. Conversion of patients to tacrolimus may lead to an improvement in these effects with minimal risk of rejection or allograft dysfunction. METHODS Sixteen renal transplant recipients were prospectively converted from CsA to tacrolimus and followed for 1 year. Gingival hyperplasia index, total cholesterol, and blood pressure were recorded at the outset, 4-, 8-, and 12-month intervals. Glomerular filtration rate was checked before conversion and 1 year later. Photographs documenting hypertrichosis were taken before conversion and 1 year later. Adverse effects from tacrolimus were recorded at 4, 8, and 12 months. RESULTS Twelve patients with hypertrichosis noted rapid improvement. Mean gingival hyperplasia index decreased from 24 to 6; mean total cholesterol decreased from 237 to 195. Glomerular filtration rate was essentially unchanged (56 to 54). One episode of rejection occurred, three patients developed diarrhea, three noted headaches, and one had a tremor. CONCLUSION If carefully monitored, patients suffering adverse effects secondary to cyclosporine may be converted to tacrolimus with minimal risk of allograft dysfunction or rejection.
Optoelectronic Techniques For Microwave Signal Processing

Research in the use of guided wave optics for processing of wideband signals is reviewed, and advantages and limitations of the technology are discussed. The signal processors employ electrooptic and fiber optic components to perform such functions as spectral analysis of radio-frequency signals, correlation and matched filtering, code and waveform synthesis, signal delay and storage, and analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion. In most cases the guided-wave approach is distinguished by the ability to perform a particular function at very high analog bandwidths or digital data rates. In concluding remarks, an effort is made to provide some perspective on competing technologies and to indicate some areas where future research might prove fruitful.
P , T -violating electron-nucleon interactions in the R -parity violating minimal supersymmetric standard model

We show that the present experimental limits on electron-nucleon interactions that violate both parity and time reversal invariance provide new stringent bounds on the imaginary parts of some of the products of the $R$-parity-violating coupling constants in the $R$-parity-violating minimal supersymmetric standard model.
Musical molecular weights and other non-linear properties of gases

Relative thermal conductivities of gases, relative viscosities of gases, and relative velocities of sound propagation in gases.
A more sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) for guanosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) involving prior 2'-O-succinylation of samples.

Abstract The sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) for cGMP has been increased approximately thirtyfold by prior 2′- O -succinylation of the assay samples according to the procedure of Cailla et al. ( Anal. Biochem. (1973) 56, 394). Assay samples (100 μl, in 50 m m sodium acetate, pH 6.2) were first reacted with succinic anhydride (50 μl, 100 mg/ml in tetrahydrofuran) in the presence of triethylamine (10 μl) for 10 min at 20–30°C. These reaction conditions were shown to result in quantitative derivatization of picomole amounts of [ 3 H]cGMP. The RIA was then carried out in the usual manner with these derivatized samples, employing heterologous anti-γ globulin to precipitate the [ 125 I] antigen-antibody complex. With this methodology, 1 fmol of cGMP could be detected using commercially available cGMP antiserum. This modified RIA exhibited excellent specificity for cGMP and routinely operated with a precision of ±10%. Tissue levels of cGMP determined with this modified RIA are generally in good agreement with those reported with other assay procedures.
Family- and Neighborhood-Level Factors as Predictors of Conduct Problems in School among Young, Urban, Minority Children.

Minority children attending schools in urban socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods are at high risk for conduct problems. Although a number of family and neighborhood characteristics have been implicated in the onset and progression of conduct problems, there remains incomplete understanding of the unique contributions of poverty-related factors early in development. This prospective study of 298 black public school children considered family- and neighborhood-level predictors of teacher-reported conduct problems from pre-kindergarten through first grade. Results from multi-level analyses indicate that percentage of poor residents in a student's neighborhood made a robust independent contribution to the prediction of development of conduct problems, over and above family- and other neighborhood-level demographic factors. For children of single parents, the percentage of black residents in the neighborhood also predicted the development of conduct problems. School-based interventions to prevent con...
The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939–1945

The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939–1945 Saul Friedlander New York: Harper Collins, 2007 870 pp, US$39.95 (hbk) The Holocaust remains, for many, the defining genocide. In Th...
Early experience with minimally invasive esophagectomy in head and neck surgical patients.

Background Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) via thoracoscopy and laparoscopy have reduced the morbidity and mortality of total esophagectomy at experienced centers. MIE has not been evaluated in combination with major head and neck surgery, or in the otolaryngology literature. Methods Case series of 11 consecutive patients undergoing either open or MIE with an ablative neck procedure. Results Comparing 4 MIEs and 7 open operations, similar operative time, blood loss, and ICU and hospital length of stay were observed. There was one mortality in the open group. A 100% rate of major complications was observed in the MIE group. Conclusion Our multidisciplinary team was unable to achieve improved outcomes in a series of head and neck surgical patients undergoing MIE. This result may represent an early stage of the learning curve for MIE, but may also be attributed to the escalated surgical requirements of head and neck patients.
A simple ultrasonic method for assessing renal size.

The relation between renal length (L) and the distance between the first four lumbar transverse processes, (4TP) as measured by sonography and intravenous urography, has been studied in 20 adults with normal urograms. The ratio of L/4TP (Mean +/- 2.S.D.) was 1.04 +/- 0.22 for sonograms and 1.25 +/- 0.26 for urograms. The possible reasons for these differences are discussed. It is suggested that measurement of the distance between the 4TP is a simple method for estimating expected normal renal size in patients referred for renal ultrasonography.
The N-Terminal Domain of Y-Box Binding Protein-1 Induces Cell Cycle Arrest in G2/M Phase by Binding to Cyclin D1

Y-box binding protein YB-1 is a multifunctional protein involved in cell proliferation, regulation of transcription and translation. Our previous study indicated that disruption of one allele of Chk-YB-1b gene in DT-40 cells resulted in major defects in the cell cycle. The abnormalities seen in heterozygous mutants could be attributed to a dominant negative effect exerted by the disrupted YB-1 allele product. To test this hypothesis the N-terminal sequence of the YB-1 was fused with the third helix of antennapedia and the green fluorescent protein. These purified fusion proteins were introduced into rat hepatoma cells and their effect on cell proliferation was studied. Results indicate that the N-terminal 77 amino acid domain of the YB-1 protein induced the cells to arrest in G2/M phase of the cell cycle and undergo apoptosis. Additional deletion analysis indicated that as few as 26 amino acids of the N-terminus of YB-1 can cause these phenotypic changes. We further demonstrated that this N-terminal 77 amino acid domain of YB-1 sequesters cyclin D1 in the cytoplasm of cells at G2/M phase of cell cycle. We conclude that the N-terminal domain of YB-1 plays a major role in cell cycle progression through G2/M phase of cell cycle.