cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mifepristone in the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala Reduces Yohimbine Stress-Induced Reinstatement of Ethanol-Seeking

Chronic ethanol exposure leads to dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, leading to changes in glucocorticoid release and function that have been proposed to maintain pathological alcohol consumption and increase vulnerability to relapse during abstinence. The objective of this study was to determine whether mifepristone, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, plays a role in ethanol self-administration and reinstatement. Male, Long-Evans rats were trained to self-administer either ethanol or sucrose in daily 30 min operant self-administration sessions using a fixed ratio 3 schedule of reinforcement. Following establishment of stable baseline responding, we examined the effects of mifepristone on maintained responding and yohimbine-induced increases in responding for ethanol and sucrose. Lever responding was extinguished in separate groups of rats and animals were tested for yohimbine-induced reinstatement and corticosterone release. We also investigated the effects of local mifepristone infusions into the central amygdala (CeA) on yohimbine-induced reinstatement of ethanol- and sucrose-seeking. In addition, we infused mifepristone into the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in ethanol-seeking animals as an anatomical control. We show that both systemic and intra-CeA (but not BLA) mifepristone administration suppressed yohimbine-induced reinstatement of ethanol-seeking, while only systemic injections attenuated sucrose-seeking. In contrast, baseline consumption, yohimbine-induced increases in responding, and circulating CORT levels were unaffected. The data indicate that the CeA plays an important role in the effects of mifepristone on yohimbine-induced reinstatement of ethanol-seeking. Mifepristone may be a valuable pharmacotherapeutic strategy for preventing relapse to alcohol use disorders and, as it is FDA approved, may be a candidate for clinical trials in the near future.
Intimacy in the Public Realm: The Case of Co-workers

This article reexamines the social ecology of intimacy and some meanings we assign to public and private. Historically, structural differentiation turns the home world into a segregated compartment of society, but it similarly structures the "public" realm. Intimate refuges may then arise throughout the differentiated social structure, as people intermingle in functionally specific settings to pursue their purposes, and as they find or create private spaces to elaborate this intimacy. I use the General Social Survey and the Northern California Community Study to generate findings on co-workers. Finally, I note some advantages of conceptualizing intimacy, private worlds, and institutional locales as analytically distinct, and I consider how co-worker intimacy is an active, constructive process, whether it has conservative or transformative consequences. The concept of structural differentiation points to a historical process in which institutional structures move toward increasing complexity and functional specificity. Economic production, home maintenance, child rearing, health care, education, and leisure - all once fused together as home activities - separate from each other and become more autonomous and specialized. As people are then pulled outside the gemeinschaft to meet many of their needs, they enter a variety of social circles and life worlds. They grow more mobile and more individuated, even from other household members. The use of space becomes more privatized, reflecting this process of individuation. In households and at work, then, everyone craves a separate, private little niche.
Is Wage Rate Dispersion a Good Index of Labor Market Integration? A Comment on Rothenberg

In a recent article in this JOURNAL, Winifred Rothenberg seeks to document the emergence of rural labor markets in late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century New England.' Examining a rich body of wage data which she has collected from the account books of farmers, Rothenberg traces first temporal variations in the dispersion of wages, and then the pattern of variation in nominal and real wage rates over more than one hundred years. These aggregative measures of the operation of the labor market do not begin to exhaust the potential of the data which Rothenberg has accumulated, however, and I look forward to further and more detailed examinations of the behavior of farm wages in antebellum New England. Since such research is likely to be directed by the interpretation placed on the broad trends documented in her article, I offer the following comments to suggest fruitful lines of research. According to Rothenberg, the existence of a "market process" can be confirmed by a trend decline in the dispersion of wage rates-as measured by the coefficient of variation. Rather than finding a monotonic trend convergence in this measure, however, she finds that the dispersion of general farm labor wage rates increased in the first half of the period, reaching a peak sometime shortly after 1800, and then declined. While the onset of decline after this peak might indicate "the emergence of a market for farm labor by 1800. . ." as Rothenberg proposes, other interpretations of the inverted-U shape pattern of wage dispersion are possible.2 In her article, Rothenberg identifies and dismisses two alternative explanations for the inverted-U shape of dispersion over time: (1) that it is a statistical artifact produced by the greater number of wage observations in the middle years of the sample, and (2) that it is the result of a temporary increase in wage dispersion caused by the macroeconomic disturbances of the Revolutionary War. These alternatives do not exhaust the possibilities, however. Let me suggest two other explanations that need to be considered before we can firmly establish the hypothesis that the decline in wage dispersion after 1800 was a reflection of what Rothenberg terms the "market process."
A Neural Network Classifier Capable of Recognizing the Patterns of All Major Subcellular Structures in Fluorescence Microscope Images of HeLa Cells

Motivation: Assessment of protein subcellular location is crucial to proteomics efforts since localization information provides a context for a protein’s sequence, structure, and function. The work described below is the first to address the subcellular localization of proteins in a quantitative, comprehensive manner. Results: Images for ten different subcellular patterns (including all major organelles) were collected using fluorescence microscopy. The patterns were described using a variety of numeric features, including Zernike moments, Haralick texture features, and a set of new features developed specifically for this purpose. To test the usefulness of these features, they were used to train a neural network classifier. The classifier was able to correctly recognize an average of 83% of previously unseen cells showing one of the ten patterns. The same classifier was then used to recognize previously unseen sets of homogeneously prepared cells with 98% accuracy. Availability: Algorithms were implemented using the commercial products Matlab, S-Plus, and SAS, as well as some functions written in C. The scripts and source code generated for this work are available at http://murphylab.
What are the real constraints on the existence and magnitude of the late heavy bombardment

Geochronological evidence for and against a late heavy bombardment (LHB) spike in impact rates on the Moon and meteorite parent bodies is re-examined. In particular, we find that the sampling of impact melts on the Moon is strongly biased against older examples, possibly due to preferential surface deposition of such melts and/or blanketing and burial by basin ejecta (arguments that the bias might be due to pulverization of old impact melts at depth are incorrect). The apparent absence of melts older than 4 Ga thus provides much weaker evidence for a pre-nectarian lull in bombardment (which would define a post-nectarian cataclysm) than has been argued, although their absence compared with other rocks from depth may remain a weak constraint. Differences in rock-age histograms between meteorite parent bodies and the Moon may imply that different sampling biases exist for bodies in the asteroid belt; otherwise, the more straightforward interpretation is that the bombardment that affected the asteroids was more long-lasting than the lunar LHB. Since the strongest constraint on the dynamics of source populations for the LHB remains the very rapid decline in rate of basin formation from 3.90 to 3.85 Ga, we must re-establish that the associations of dated samples with particular basins are robust. Further studies of processes that can bias sampling are warranted, in particular more quantitative modeling of regolith and megaregolith evolution. In summary, we find that constraints either for or against the lunar cataclysm as a spike in the bombardment rate that commenced shortly before the formation of Nectaris are very weak. There may or may not have been a lull in bombardment before 3.9 Ga. Only the rapid decline in bombardment rate after Imbrium is fairly secure and can be adopted as a constraint to be matched by various dynamical scenarios for the impact history of the Moon.
A skew normal dilation on the numerical range of an operator

Simple facts about the Poincare-Neumann double layer potential are used in the construction of a normal dilation, on the numerical range of an arbitrary Hilbert space operator. Recent and old ideas in the theory of the numerical range are unified by this framework. A couple of mapping results for the numerical range are derived.
Efficient waypoint tracking hybrid controllers for double integrators using classical time optimal control

This paper is a response to requests from several respected colleagues in academia for a careful writeup of the classical time-optimal control based hybrid controllers that we have been using for material transport control in our modular reconfigurable manufacturing systems application. Specifically, we show how classical closed form time optimal control, which exploits the special structure of double integrator systems (ie ones with point-mass Newton?s Law dynamics) can be used to design hybrid controllers for waypoint tracking. While double integrator dynamics are very simple, they are extremely prevalent in many domains, beyond manufacturing systems, eg, transportation, disk drives, robotics, and aerospace. We present two methods, one which will track general way point specs, and another which will track waypoints that lie on convex or concave trajectories. Both approaches are based on appropriate setting (switching) of the state of a reference generator with the same point mass dynamics in a two-degree-of-freedom controller topology. The techniques we present admit very compact implementations, suitable for use in low cost micro controllers and DSP chips used in modular reconfigurable embedded systems applications. Since these controllers were to be integrated with a discrete planner, as part of the control software of a large complex new research platform, every effort was made to keep the controllers as simple as possible. Our controllers can be viewed as examples of basic hybrid controllers that are being used successfully in practice, and can be used as benchmarks by controls researchers for more sophisticated hybrid control design methods.
Scanning electron microscopy of primordial germ cells in early chick embryos

Primordial germ cells (PGCs) of the early chick embryo were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Temporal changes in the form and distribution of surface projections were found to be correlated with migratory phases of PGCs. Non-migrating PGCs were spherical to ovoid with relatively smooth surfaces. Their transition to the migratory phase was first evidenced by a burst of membrane activity. Migrating PGCs became somewhat flattened against the underlying hypoblast (which serves as the substratum for their migration) and exhibited blebs and lamellar processes. The lamellar processes were most prominent at the leading edges of actively migrating PGCs. Overall results of the present study indicates that PGCs found in the germinal crescent area of early chick embryos actively migrate on the dorsal surface of the hypoblast towards posterior embryonic regions.
Control of the tropical tropopause and vertical transport across it

Abstract A 3D primitive equation model is used to investigate how the tropical tropopause is influenced by cumulus convection in the troposphere and mean upwelling in the stratosphere. The model simulates the residual mean circulation explicitly, whereas it represents the influence of convection on large-scale structure through statistical properties of cloud. Within this global framework, a change of extratropical planetary waves induces a large change of downwelling over the winter hemisphere, compensated at lower latitudes by a change of upwelling. This exerts a major influence on thermal structure in the extratropics, but only a minor one in the Tropics. On seasonal time scales, however, the influence in the Tropics is significant. During northern winter, extratropical planetary waves are sharply amplified. The accompanying intensification of tropical upwelling, while small compared to the intensification of extratropical downwelling, accounts for about half of the observed seasonal change of the trop...
Parallel Processing on an IBM 3090 with Vector Facility

The IBM 3090 processor supports tightly-coupled multi-processor vector processing resulting from adding the Vector Facility as a feature to the base multi-processor configurations of the IBM 3090 models 200 and 400. The IBM VS FORTRAN Multitasking Facility permits a single VS FORTRAN application program to simultaneously using multiple processors in a multi-processor system.
Electric vehicle charging algorithms for coordination of the grid and distribution transformer levels

Abstract The need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel consumption has increased the popularity of plug-in electric vehicles. However, a large penetration of plug-in electric vehicles can pose challenges at the grid and local distribution levels. Various charging strategies have been proposed to address such challenges, often separately. In this paper, it is shown that, with uncoordinated charging, distribution transformers and the grid can operate under highly undesirable conditions. Next, several strategies that require modest communication efforts are proposed to mitigate the burden created by high concentrations of plug-in electric vehicles, at the grid and local levels. Existing transformer and battery electric vehicle characteristics are used along with the National Household Travel Survey to simulate various charging strategies. It is shown through the analysis of hot spot temperature and equivalent aging factor that the coordinated strategies proposed here reduce the chances of transformer failure with the addition of plug-in electric vehicle loads, even for an under-designed transformer while uncontrolled and uncoordinated plug-in electric vehicle charging results in increased risk of transformer failure.
Modes of Religiously Grounded Moral Discernment

This chapter is focused on the differing ways in which religious institutions go about thinking about moral issues — to put it another way, differing ways of discerning God's will — rather than on the substantive content of differing views of religiously grounded morality. Again, we will see similarities as well as differences between religious traditions and differences (as well, of course, as similarities) within them. MORAL ABSOLUTES: TRADITION, REVISION, AND TRUTH JOHN FINNIS (1991) The foundations of Christian moral doctrine are being tested as never before. [Although] the moral norms whose very possibility (as truths) is now disputed are not morality's fundamental principles, the moral norms whose truth is now contested are decisively important for conscience, conduct, and civilization. I shall set up the issue (not settle it) with some words of Pope John Paul II. There is, he says, a “doctrine, based on the Decalogue and on the preaching of the Old Testament, and belonging to the earliest teaching of the Church, and constantly reaffirmed by her to this day…. The whole tradition of the Church has lived and lives on the conviction [that] there exist acts which, per se and in themselves, independently of circumstances, are always seriously wrong by reason of their object.” Correspondingly, “there are moral norms that have a precise content which is immutable and unconditioned, for example, the norm which forbids the direct killing of an innocent person.”
Science's powers and limits

What are science's powers and limits? That is, where is the boundary between what science is and is not able to discover? The American Association for the Advancement of Science has identified that issue as a critical component of science literacy: “Being liberally educated requires an awareness not only of the power of scientific knowledge but also of its limitations,” and learning science's limits “should be a goal in all science courses” (AAAS 1990:20–21; also see p. xv). As Caldin (1949:vii) warned, “The prestige of science to-day is very great; scientists have therefore a certain responsibility to consider carefully the scope and limitations of their professional activities.” This question about science's reach has elicited great interest. For instance, Horgan (1996) interviewed dozens of leading scientists regarding the limits of scientific knowledge, and his book became a runaway best-seller and made the front page of the New York Times book-review section (30 June 1996). Likewise, the end-of-the-millennium special issue of Scientific American offered fascinating reading on “What Science Will Know in 2050” (December 1999). People's motivations for exploring the limits of science can easily be misconstrued, so they should be made abundantly clear from the outset. Unfortunately, for some authors writing about science's limits, the motivation has been to exaggerate the limitations in order to cut science down, support anti-scientific sentiments, or make more room for philosophy or religion.
Computational Thinking and Social Skills in Virtuoso: An Immersive, Digital Game-Based Learning Environment for Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The adoption of computational thinking (CT) has been increasing in K-12 classrooms and curricula. One population that could benefit from early instruction in CT is students with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Unfortunately, many individuals with ASD lack the social competencies to successfully navigate a work environment. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a digital games-based learning intervention for youth with ASD to learn computational thinking and social skills. Dubbed “Virtuoso”, the intervention targets youth with ASD to gain social skills while working together to solve introductory computer programming problems with virtual, programmable robots. One objective is to create learning materials that embed social competency instruction within a CT-focused curriculum. Another objective is to develop an immersive space where participants can work together on curricular content. Using educational design research methods, we are developing and refining instructional interventions so as to maximize their educational impact.
Management of Parenteral Nutrition in Hospitalized Adult Patients

Despite the high prevalence of malnutrition in adult hospitalized patients, surveys continue to report that many clinicians are undertrained in clinical nutrition, making targeted nutrition education for clinicians essential for best patient care. Clinical practice models also continue to evolve, with more disciplines prescribing parenteral nutrition (PN) or managing the cases of patients who are receiving it, further adding to the need for proficiency in general PN skills. This tutorial focuses on the daily management of adult hospitalized patients already receiving PN and reviews the following topics: (1) PN basics, including the determination of energy and volume requirements; (2) PN macronutrient content (protein, dextrose, and intravenous fat emulsion); (3) PN micronutrient content (electrolytes, minerals, vitamins, and trace elements); (4) alteration of PN for special situations, such as obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, refeeding, and hepatic/renal disease; (5) daily monitoring and adjustment of PN formula; and (6) PN-related complications (PN-associated liver disease and catheter-related complications).
Enumeration of Vjable Lactobacillus acidophilus Organisms in Dairy Products.

Pasteurized low fat milk to which is added Lactobacillus acidophilus has now become a product of major volume on the U.S. market. The product contains millions of L. acidophilus per ml and is considered to be in the general category of cultured milk products for application of regulatory monitoring. There is a growing interest in developing standards for allowable minimum numbers of L. acidophilus in such products at point of sale. This can be accomplished best by use of a medium selective for lactobacilli such as Lactobacillus Selection Agar (LBS); non-selective media, such as APT agar, can also be used to enumerate L. acidophilus . The latter would provide less assurance that the counts were due to lactobacilli. The non-selectivity of APT, however, usually results in higher counts of L. acidophilus . There is need for application of accurate monitoring of such products to ensure the numbers as well as the identity of the culture used as the milk supplement.
Tobacco Town: Computational Modeling of Policy Options to Reduce Tobacco Retailer Density.

Objectives. To identify the behavioral mechanisms and effects of tobacco control policies designed to reduce tobacco retailer density.Methods. We developed the Tobacco Town agent-based simulation model to examine 4 types of retailer reduction policies: (1) random retailer reduction, (2) restriction by type of retailer, (3) limiting proximity of retailers to schools, and (4) limiting proximity of retailers to each other. The model examined the effects of these policies alone and in combination across 4 different types of towns, defined by 2 levels of population density (urban vs suburban) and 2 levels of income (higher vs lower).Results. Model results indicated that reduction of retailer density has the potential to decrease accessibility of tobacco products by driving up search and purchase costs. Policy effects varied by town type: proximity policies worked better in dense, urban towns whereas retailer type and random retailer reduction worked better in less-dense, suburban settings.Conclusions. Comprehe...
One foot out the door or two? A review of the path from turnover intentions to turnover.

The direct relationship between turnover intention and turnover has received much attention in organizational research, yet the potential mechanisms and boundary conditions between the two have rec...
Adsorption and Biodegradation of Aromatic Chemicals by Bacteria Encapsulated in a Hydrophobic Silica Gel.

An adsorbent silica biogel material was developed via silica gel encapsulation of Pseudomonas sp. NCIB 9816-4, a bacterium that degrades a broad spectrum of aromatic pollutants. The adsorbent matrix was synthesized using silica precursors methyltrimethoxysilane and tetramethoxysilane to maximize the adsorption capacity of the matrix while maintaining a highly networked and porous microstructure. The encapsulated bacteria enhanced the removal rate and capacity of the matrix for an aromatic chemical mixture. Repeated use of the material over four cycles was conducted to demonstrate that the removal capacity could be maintained with combined adsorption and biodegradation. The silica biogel can thus be used extensively without the need for disposal, as a result of continuous biodegradation by the encapsulated bacteria. However, an inverse trend was observed with the ratio of biodegradation to adsorption as a function of log Kow, suggesting increasing mass-transport limitation for the most hydrophobic chemical...
Mycoplasma Diseases of Corn in Florida

Corn stunt is one of the most economically important diseases of corn in the United States, Mexico and Central and South America (Bradfute et al., 1981; Nault and Bradfute, 1979). Prior to the first report of MLO association with mulberry dwarf and other yellows diseases (Doi et al., 1967), corn stunt was thought to be caused by several strains of a virus based on symptomatology and vector transmission (Gordon et al., 1981; Maramorosch et al., 1965; Nault and Bradfute, 1979). Corn stunt was first named by Kunkel (1946) and later described by Maramorosch (1955) as Rio Grande corn stunt. Upon re-examination of the fixed materials, researchers at the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research discovered MLO in corn plants and leaf hopper vectors by electron microscopy (Maramorosch et al.,1968). The helical morphology of the causal agent of Rio Grande corn stunt was subsequently established (Chen and Lio, 1975; Davis and Worley, 1973; Williamson and Whitcomb, 1975) and was named as corn stunt spirosplasma (CSS).
Comparative Toxicities and Cost of Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy, Proton Radiation, and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy Among Younger Men With Prostate Cancer.

Purpose To compare the toxicities and cost of proton radiation and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer among men younger than 65 years of age with private insurance. Methods Using the MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters database, we identified men who received radiation for prostate cancer between 2008 and 2015. Patients undergoing proton therapy and SBRT were propensity score-matched to IMRT patients on the basis of clinical and sociodemographic factors. Proportional hazards models compared the cumulative incidence of urinary, bowel, and erectile dysfunction toxicities by treatment. Cost from a payer's perspective was calculated from claims and adjusted to 2015 dollars. Results A total of 693 proton therapy patients were matched to 3,465 IMRT patients. Proton therapy patients had a lower risk of composite urinary toxicity (33% v 42% at 2 years; P .05), although a higher risk of urinary fistula was noted with SBRT (1% v 0.1% at 2 years; P = .009). Mean radiation cost for SBRT was $49,504 and $57,244 for IMRT ( P < .001). Conclusion Among younger men with prostate cancer, proton radiation was associated with significant reductions in urinary toxicity but increased bowel toxicity at nearly twice the cost of IMRT. SBRT and IMRT were associated with similar toxicity profiles; SBRT was modestly less expensive than IMRT.
Epigenetic Regulation and Its Therapeutic Potential in Pulmonary Hypertension

Recent advances in epigenetics have made a tremendous impact on our knowledge of biological phenomena and the environmental stressors on complex diseases. Understanding the mechanism of epigenetic reprogramming during the occurrence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) is important for advanced studies and clinical therapy. In this article, we review the discovery of novel epigenetic mechanisms associated with PH including DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA interference. In addition, we highlight the role of epigenetic mechanisms in adult PAH resulting from undesirable perinatal environments-Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) and Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Lastly, we give a comprehensive summary for the remaining challenges and discuss future methods of epigenetic targeted therapy for pulmonary hypertension.
Engineering of a cysteine-containing variant of quadrin, a protein containing the oligomerization site of the hepatitis delta antigen

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a satellite virus of hepatitis B (HBV) that increases the severity of an existing HBV infection [1]. The hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) is the only protein coded by HDV and must form oligomers to be biologically active [2]. The crystal structure of quadrin contains the putative oligomerization domain of HDAg and forms an octamer consisting of four interacting antiparallel coiled coils [3]. Because the quadrin octamer represents a potentially useful structural motif, experiments were undertaken to design a covalently-linked variant that might be more stable.
6 – Women's Health and Managed Care

This chapter highlights the effectiveness of managed care in addressing women's health concerns. Women's concerns with the evolution of managed care cut across private and public health insurance boundaries. As a result of low incomes, a higher proportion of women than men under the age of 65 depend on Medicaid for health insurance, and women comprise the majority of the Medicare population and of those reliant on Medicare and Medicaid's support of long-term care services. As a result, women are directly affected by both public policies and employer decisions to restructure health insurance programs. Different types of managed care plans result in different experiences for women. Tightly organized managed care plans have the potential to address certain women's health problems effectively. Training programs, for example, can help physicians recognize and treat neglected problems such as depression or domestic violence. Managed care plans with good information systems can also notify women when they are due to receive periodic preventive services.
Corrosion of carbon steel under condensing water and monoethylene glycol

Abstract The influence of monoethylene glycol (MEG) on the condensation process and corrosion behaviour of carbon steel is investigated. The results show that increasing MEG concentrations at the bottom of the line increases MEG co-condensation, reduces condensation rates and, consequently, uniform corrosion rates. However, localised corrosion occurs and pits aggregate within the droplet boundary when MEG co-condenses with water. The corrosion product comprises of FeCO3 embedded in a Fe3C matrix. Its thickness in the areas outside the condensed droplet boundary is greater compared to that of the inside. Localised corrosion mechanism of carbon steel under condensing MEG and water is proposed.
TCT-482 Trabecular Cutting: A Novel Surgical Therapy for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is the most common cause of hospital admission in patients over 65 years old and has high mortality. HFpEF is characterized by hypertrophy of the left ventricle (LV) that reduces compliance. Current HFpEF therapies control symptoms but no
The lens of Brexit: Examining cultural divisions among Northern Ireland farmers

This article seeks to add to our understanding of the public versus private behavioral dichotomy in Northern Ireland by examining the underlying system of moralities. I argue that two sets of values, a “public” and a “private” one, exist within the Northern Ireland farming community. According to public values, it is more important to be a “good person” (honest, caring, hardworking) than a Protestant or Catholic. In contrast, the system of private values acknowledges the significance of ethnoreligious identities to economic and social relationships. Knowing when to use each set of values is a form of Northern Ireland cultural intimacy. I use the lens of a potential Brexit, as imagined by farmers in 2013–14, to examine these opposing moralities. Providing more depth to participants' views of the European Union (EU) and each other, I discuss their interactions at the Farmers' Advice Center. Both Protestants and Catholics identified England as a place of industry and Ireland as a place of agriculture. No one said that his or her views were influenced by ethnoreligious identity. However, most Protestants stated that Northern Ireland could produce “domestic” food for the United Kingdom with a national subsidy. Catholics believed that farmers benefit from EU subsidies and would benefit even more if they lived in a member state supportive of agriculture, such as the Republic of Ireland. The theory of internal colonialism, in which peripheral countries (Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales) provide resources to England, illuminates participants' political views.
An Exploratory Study of Violence and Aggression Against Teachers in Middle and High Schools: Prevalence, Predictors, and Negative Consequences

Limited empirical findings suggest that teacher victimization at school is highly prevalent, with detrimental negative impacts on victimized teachers. Given the scarce body of literature on teacher...
Proactive Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Adalimumab Is Associated With Better Long-term Outcomes Compared With Standard of Care in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background and aims Therapeutic drug monitoring [TDM] has proven to be effective for optimising anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] therapy in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Nevertheless, the majority of data refer to infliximab and reactive testing or association studies. We aimed to compare the long-term outcome of patients with IBD who received at least one proactive TDM of adalimumab, with standard of care, defined as empirical dose escalation and/or reactive TDM. Methods This was a multicentre retrospective cohort study. Patients on maintenance adalimumab therapy from June 2006 to December 2015 were eligible. We analysed time to treatment failure from start of adalimumab until the end of follow-up [July 2016]. Treatment failure was defined as drug discontinuation for secondary loss of response or serious adverse event or need for IBD-related surgery. Serum adalimumab concentrations and antibodies to adalimumab were measured using the Prometheus homogeneous mobility shift assay. Results A total of 382 patients with IBD [Crohn's disease, n = 311, 81%] were included and received either at least one proactive TDM [n = 53] or standard of care [empirical dose escalation, n = 279; reactive TDM, n = 50]. Patients were followed for a median of 3.1 years [interquartile range, 1.4-4.8 years]. Multiple Cox regression analyses showed that at least one proactive TDM was independently associated with a reduced risk for treatment failure (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.2-0.9; p = 0.022). Conclusions This multicentre, retrospective cohort study reflecting real-life clinical practice provides the first evidence that proactive TDM of adalimumab may be associated with a lower risk of treatment failure compared with standard of care in patients with IBD.
Screening for cancer-related distress among women with newly diagnosed breast cancer (BC).

567Background: The Loyola University Chicago Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center multidisciplinary Breast Oncology Center evaluates new patients (pts) for cancer-related distress using a needs-based s...
Advocacy among counseling leaders: The Three-Tiered Legislative Professional Advocacy Model

This constructivist grounded theory study explored the process of legislative professional advocacy for 15 leaders leading to development of The Three-Tiered Legislative Professional Advocacy Model...
Rapidly progressive streptococcus dysgalactiae corneal ulceration associated with erlotinib use in stage IV lung cancer.

Abstract Purpose To present a unique case of streptococcus dysgalactiae keratitis with progression to corneal perforation and endophthalmitis, in the setting of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor (erlotinib) therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Observations An 89-year-old female with non-small cell lung cancer on erlotinib presented with corneal perforation due to infectious keratitis. Microbial cultures grew streptococcus dysgalactiae, a virulent pathogen known to affect immunocompromised patients that has not been previously described to cause infectious keratitis. Despite aggressive medical intervention, the clinical course was complicated by rapid progression to no light perception visual acuity in the setting of endophthalmitis with orbital cellulitis, necessitating evisceration. Conclusions and Importance Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor therapy can result in significant ocular complications including dry eyes, epithelial keratopathy, non-healing abrasions, infectious keratitis, and rarely, corneal melting and perforation. These side effects can predispose patients to aggressive infections with rare organisms, highlighting the importance of understanding the ocular side effects of systemic chemotherapeutic agents.
David Oliver: Doctors should campaign for adult social care reform

Social care is in crisis, with no road map to salvation in sight. Last week I wrote about the decades of government inertia in delivering credible, long term solutions to social care funding and provision. At the start of a new five year parliament we hear further vague promises of cross party talks and commitments from the prime minister of a “solution within 12 months.” But, amid competing policy priorities, further drift and fudge are real dangers.1 Yesterday’s budget was hugely disappointing in its lack of funding for social care. It will do nothing to help relieve pressures at a local level or to help push forward new proposals to solve the social care crisis. …
Seasonal patterns for Secchi depth, chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, and nutrient limitation differ between nearshore and offshore in Lake Michigan

Abstract Data on Secchi depth, chlorophyll a, total phosphorus (TP), and nutrient status of phytoplankton were collected at five nearshore sites (11–17 m deep) and two offshore sites (>100 m) between the Grand River and Muskegon River outflows during March-December 2014–2018 to describe seasonal patterns and to compare the two depth regions in southeastern Lake Michigan. In contrast to the offshore, where spring chlorophyll a and TP concentrations declined dramatically following the dreissenid mussel expansion, the nearshore region of southeastern Lake Michigan was still characterized by low Secchi depth and elevated chlorophyll a and TP in the spring. During May, median Secchi depth was 5 times higher in the offshore than the nearshore, whereas chlorophyll a and TP were over 9 and 3 times higher in the nearshore, respectively. Even though spring chlorophyll a and TP have declined substantially at some of the nearshore sites compared to 1996, particularly the sites closest to tributary outflows, the overall yield of chlorophyll a per unit TP did not change over time in the nearshore. There were indications of P-deficiency in the nearshore in 2014–2018, but P-deficiency was even more severe in the offshore during the spring where yield of chlorophyll a per unit TP was also lower than in the nearshore. Although dreissenid mussels can be abundant in the nearshore, their populations are patchy and inputs from tributaries provide conditions that apparently dampen any potential filtering impacts of mussels in the nearshore compared to the offshore, especially during the spring.
Eulerian space-time correlation of strong magnetohydrodynamic turbulence

In this work the scale-dependent temporal decorrelation of incompressible MHD turbulence is investigated by means of high-resolution numerical simulations and phenomenological modeling. The simulations show that counterpropagating Alfv\'enic fluctuations at each scale decorrelate at the same rate in both balanced and imbalanced turbulence, and consistent with random advection of small-scale eddies by the velocity of the energy containing scales.
Polynomial Prime Producers: A Computer Problem for Secondary Students.

AN UNSOLVED problem in mathe matics is the existence of a formula (func tion) that produces nothing but prime numbers. Many mathematicians have thought that they had discovered such a function, only to have composite numbers eventually pop up for some integer sub stitutions. In particular, it is known that no polynomial function over the integers can produce only primes. In fact, the proof of this theorem is not difficult and is found
Metrics with nonnegative Ricci curvature on convex three-manifolds

We prove that the space of smooth Riemannian metrics on the three-ball with non-negative Ricci curvature and strictly convex boundary is path-connected; and, moreover, that the associated moduli space (i.e., modulo orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms of the threeball) is contractible. As an application, using results of Maximo, Nunes, and Smith [MNS], we show the existence of properly embedded free boundary minimal annulus on any three-ball with non-negative Ricci curvature and strictly convex boundary.
COVID-19 and the abrupt shift to remote learning: Impact on grades and perceived learning for undergraduate biology students

Institutions across the world transitioned abruptly to remote learning in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This rapid transition to remote learning has generally been predicted to negatively affect students, particularly those marginalized due to their race, socioeconomic class, or gender identity. In this study, we examined the impact of this transition in the Spring 2020 semester on the grades of students enrolled in the in-person biology program at a large university in Southwestern United States as compared to the grades earned by students in the fully online biology program at the same institution. We also surveyed in-person instructors to understand changes in assessment practices as a result of the transition to remote learning during the pandemic. Finally, we surveyed students in the in-person program to learn about their perceptions of the impacts of this transition. We found that both online and in-person students received a similar small increase in grades in Spring 2020 compared to Spring 2018 and 2019. We also found no evidence of disproportionately negative impacts on grades received by students marginalized due to their race, socioeconomic class, or gender in either modality. Focusing on in-person courses, we documented that instructors made changes to their courses when they transitioned to remote learning, which may have offset some of the potential negative impacts on course grades. However, despite receiving higher grades, in-person students reported negative impacts on their learning, interactions with peers and instructors, feeling part of the campus community, and career preparation. Women reported a more negative impact on their learning and career preparation compared to men. This work provides insights into students perceptions of how they were disadvantaged as a result of the transition to remote instruction and illuminates potential actions that instructors can take to create more inclusive education moving forward.
Characteristics of patients discharged and readmitted after COVID-19 hospitalisation within a large integrated health system in the United States.

Limited studies have explored post-discharge outcomes following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalisation. We sought to characterise patients discharged following a COVID-19 hospitalisati...
Spatial Invariance Principle and Unit Root Testing

We obtain an invariance principle for two-dimensional Brownian sheet where the underlying random field need not be independent or stationary. The invariance principle is applied to obtain and analyze a frequency-domain test for spatial unit root against local-to-unity alternatives.
Wednesday morning, September 1, 2010—Washington D.C.

Senator Jacob Searle’s assistant set the phone receiver back in its cradle as she told the visitor in the dark suit, “The Senator will see you now.”
Standard reference materials

For more than 80 years the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) has issued Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) to help people measure more accurately and have greater confidence in their technical investigations. I was especially pleased when the editor of your journal, Dr. Abel Dominguez, asked me to report to you those aspects of this program of greatest interest in forensic sciences. Not only do I appreciate the opportunity to give you that report, I also see the chance of opening communications with some of you to see what new directions NBS might take to address unmet requirements in the field.
Acid precipitation in the Colorado Front Range: an overview with time predictions for significant effects

First-level assessments were made regarding the sensitivity of Colorado Front Range to the effects of increasing acidity in precipitation. Regression analysis on historical data from 88 lakes and streams showed significant (p < 0.001) decreasing pH and alkalinity trends with increasing elevation. A similar significant (p < 0.008) decreasing trend as elevation increases was found for soil pH and base saturation. The greatest proportion of change in acid input and buffering capacity in this western region has probably occurred in the last 10 years. Considering both soil and water chemistry, regions above 3300 m (alpine) were the most sensitive to continued inputs of acidic materials. A model using reported rates of decline in buffering capacities of Front Range lakes suggests that these changes are likely to become important in a matter of decades. If acid deposition rates increase, buffering capacity losses in lakes and streams will sooner reach the threshold where adverse biological changes will occur. 76 references, 5 figures, 4 tables.
Membrane Circulation in Neurons and Photoreceptors: Some Unresolved Issues

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses several important and unresolved issues concerning the origin, circulation, and fate of membranes in neurons. A special class of modified neurons—retinal photoreceptors—is described. These cells are an attractive material for the study of membrane circulation, especially as it relates to cell polarity. They are compact and highly polarized in morphological and functional aspects. In vertebrate photoreceptors, one end is concerned with light reception, the other with synaptic transmission. The membrane systems present at the two ends are quite different in arrangement and roles. The proteins and lipids that make up the stacked membranous discs of the light-sensitive outer segments of rods and cones are synthesized in the cells' inner segments. The mechanisms of transport from inner to outer segments and the behavior of the discs once formed are describes in the chapter. The features of macromolecular synthesis in the inner segment are also discussed. The participation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi apparatus of the photoreceptor's inner segment in the synthesis of macromolecules slated for the outer segment is highlighted.