cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supporting the Implementation of Tiered Models of Behavior Support in Early Childhood Settings

The design and delivery of effective interventions to address challenging behavior in young children is a critical concern for practitioners, families, and researchers. Challenging behavior in the early years of development, defined as “any repeated pattern of behavior or perception of behavior that interferes with or is at risk of interfering with optimal learning or engagement in pro-social interactions with peers and adults” (Systems of service delivery: A synthesis of evidence relevant to young children at risk of or who have challenging behavior, University of South Florida, Tampa, 2003), can have pervasive deleterious effects on the child’s social emotional functioning, learning, and longitudinal outcomes over time (Behav Disord, 32:29–45, 2006; Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people: Progress and possibilities. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2009). In this chapter, we describe a framework of promotion, prevention, and intervention practices with a focus on effective practices for children who have persistent challenging behavior. We begin the chapter by describing the developmental trajectory of challenging behavior and the importance of a prevention framework for the implementation of evidence-based practices that promote social emotional competence and prevent or reduce challenging behaviors. We then describe the design and implementation of individualized behavior interventions and the importance of partnerships with families. The final section of this chapter describes how professionals can support practitioners and programs in the implementation of effective interventions through coaching and consultation.
A life cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions analysis of the corn stover feedstock supply system for cellulosic biorefineries

Corn stover is the primary feedstock choice for most of the near-term first-generation cellulosic biorefineries in the Midwest with rated capacities between 76 and 114 million liters per year (MLPY). These biorefineries will require an annual feedstock supply of around 250–375 metric ton (t) to meet their feedstock demand. However, there is a dearth of studies based on sustainable ways to supply a vast quantity of feedstock to the biorefinery gate, thus this study focuses on stochastically evaluating the life-cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) of the different components of corn stover based feedstock supply system of a 114 MLPY cellulosic biorefinery in the Midwest by using production-scale experimental field data collected in Iowa. Different components of the supply chain considered includes corn stover harvesting in a large rectangular bale form, field collection, storage, handling and transportation. This study also evaluates the energy use and GHGE of nutrients removed from the field with collected stover. Average energy use, energy-use ratio (EUR) and GHGE for this feedstock supply system of a Midwest-based 114 MLPY biorefinery plant are estimated to be 1,502 MJ std. t−1, 21%, and 95.2 kg-CO2e std. t−1, respectively. Nutrients removed during stover harvest shares 38 to 47% of the overall life-cycle energy use and GHGE for the supply chain, followed by harvesting (~24–28%) and transportation (~23–27%). Life-cycle GHGE and energy use are identified to be the most sensitive to the quantity of nitrogen removed, bale density, bale length, harvest rate, baler field efficiency and dry matter loss. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Critique [of Retention of Undergraduate Minority Students in Institutions of Higher Education]

Increased retention of minority undergraduates is a goal that can be supported for a variety of reasons, from the avoidance of human waste, to concern for balanced institutional budgets, to the desirability of turning out larger numbers of minority graduates who will become professional role models for the next generation. The authors have presented a state-of-the-art review of some promising retention programs, together with recommendations for strengthening such programs.
Quantization of the Electromagnetic Field: the Photon

Understanding the classical field theory of coupled dynamical scalar fields and vector potentials is rather difficult, with the quantized theory even more so, due to the fact that the Hamiltonian is no longer quadratic in the field variables and the field equations are nonlinear. Simplifying the problem by ignoring the scalar fields and only considering the vector potentials gives a theory with quadratic Hamiltonian that can be readily understood and quantized.
The neo-liberal transformation of the university

At the 11th International Interpretive Policy Analysis Conference at the University of Hull, UK (5–7 July 2016), we organized two panels dealing with ‘the neo-liberal transformation of the universi...
Evaluating the effect of growing patient numbers and changing data elements in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database over the years: a study of posterior lumbar fusion outcomes.

Abstract Background Context The use of national databases in spinal surgery outcomes research is increasing. A number of variables collected by the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) changed between 2010 and 2011, coinciding with a rapid increase in the number of patients included per year. However, there has been limited study evaluating the effect that these changes may have on the results of outcomes studies. Purpose The present study aimed to investigate the influence of changing data elements and growth of the NSQIP database on results of lumbar fusion outcomes studies. Study Design/Setting This is a retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data. Patient Sample The NSQIP database was retrospectively queried to identify 19,755 patients who underwent elective posterior lumbar fusion surgery with or without interbody fusion between 2005 and 2014. Patients were split into two groups based on year of surgery: 2,802 from 2005 to 2010 and 16,953 from 2011 to 2014. Outcome Measures The occurrence of adverse events after discharge from the hospital, within postoperative day 30, was determined. Methods Preoperative characteristics and 30-day perioperative outcomes were compared between the era groups using bivariate analysis. To illustrate the effect of such changing data elements, the association between age and postoperative outcomes in the era groups was analyzed using multivariate Poisson regression. The present study had no funding sources, and there were no study-related conflicts of interest for any authors. Results There were significant differences between the era groups for a variety of preoperative characteristics. Postoperative events such blood transfusion and deep vein thrombosis were also significantly different between the era groups. For the 2005–2010 cohort, age was significantly associated with septic shock by multivariate analysis. For the 2011–2014 cohort, age was significantly associated with septic shock, urinary tract infection, blood transfusion, myocardial infarction, and extended length of stay. Conclusions The NSQIP database has undergone substantial changes between 2005 and 2014. These changes may contribute to different results in analyses, such as the association between age and postoperative outcomes, when using older versus newer data. Conclusions from early studies using this database may warrant reconsideration.
Experiments of Two-Dimensional Transom Stern Flow

Measurements of the free-surface behind a backward facing step are made using laser-induced fluorescence and a digital video camera. Tests are conducted for two Reynolds numbers and a range of Froude numbers. An edge detection algorithm is used to locate the free surface from the digital images, and the ensemble of images are used to calculate the mean and root mean square of the elevation. The results of amplitude, length, and steepness are determined from the mean profiles and compared to existing potential flow theories. It is found that the potential flow theories overpredict the real-fluid measured mean-wave amplitude. The experimentally determined wavelength is much shorter than the nominal length, and an existing stream function theory is implemented to explain how the viscous wake acts to shorten the steady wavelength.
Bayes zieht in den Krieg

1939 war das Bayes-Theorem fur alle, die zur Statistikerszene gehorten, so gut wie tabu, ja tot und begraben. Es gab jedoch eine beunruhigende Frage: Wie konnten die Militars im Krieg schnelle Entscheidungen – moglicherweise uber Leben und Tod – treffen, ohne erst auf vollstandige Informationen warten zu mussen? Unter strenger Geheimhaltung trugen einige der grosten Mathematiker des Jahrhunderts dazu bei, die Rolle des Bayes-Theorems fur die kommenden unsicheren Jahre neu zu uberdenken.
Sex differences in the relationships among weight stigma, depression, and binge eating

Weight stigma and weight discrimination are prevalent in the United States and binge eating has been found to be associated with these experiences in numerous studies. One issue with the current literature on weight stigma and binge eating, however, is that study samples are primarily female, resulting in a lack of understanding of this relationship among males. To address this gap, we examined potential sex differences in the association between weight stigma and binge eating, as well as mediators of this relationship. Specifically, we examined experiences of weight discrimination and weight stigma consciousness as predictors of binge eating, and we assessed whether these relationships were mediated by depression, perceived stress, and/or perceived control. Results showed that, among females and males, experiences of weight discrimination significantly predicted binge eating and depression mediated this relationship; perceived stress also mediated this association, but only among males, and perceived control did not mediate for either sex. Results also showed that, among males, the relationship between weight stigma consciousness and binge eating was mediated by depression and perceived control, but not perceived stress. Weight stigma consciousness was unrelated to binge eating among females. Together, these findings suggest that weight stigma constructs differentially impact females and males, thereby illuminating the possible need for consideration of sex as an important component of efforts to reduce weight stigma.
Investigating Personally Identifiable Information Posted on Twitter Before and After Disasters

Through social media, users may consciously reveal information about their personality; however, they could also unintentionally disclose private information related to the locations of where they live/work, car license plates, signatures or even their identification documents. Any disclosed information can endanger an individual’s privacy, possibly resulting in burglaries or identity theft. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first to claim and demonstrate that people may reveal information when they are vulnerable and actively seek help; evidently, in the event of a natural disaster, people change their behavior and become more inclined to share their personal information. To examine this phenomenon, we investigate two hurricane events (Harvey and Maria) and one earthquake (Mexico City) using datasets obtained from Twitter. Our findings show a significant change in people’s behavioral pattern in the disaster areas, regarding tweeting images that contain Personally Identifiable Information (PII), before and after a disaster event.
What does the sharing economy mean for electric market transitions? A review with sustainability perspectives

Abstract The power sector is in transformation around the globe, thus opening the need to consider perspectives of related consequences and changes. Its main characteristic is a shift from a centrally organized system to one with many more market actors. A new organization, supported by technological advances, led to emergence of a prosumer (producer–consumer) system in which the same actor manages both the generation and consumption of its own electric energy, consequently creating an important and new social and business change. This paper is an analysis of the principles and perspectives of sharing economy in the electricity market, aiming to define its main current and foreseen facts and to provide recommendations for mitigations where thought to be needed. Special attention is paid to assessment of sustainability perspectives, based on its economic, social and environmental pillars. Since electricity generation and consumption have a vital role in stable and sustainable development and quality of life, any change introduced in the electricity market must be correspondingly assessed carefully and as quantitatively as possible. A method which can be used for analysis of the Shared Economy-Sustainability nexus was also presented. Four main perspectives are highlighted: regulation, technological challenges, market, and sustainability assessment.
Potential Selection Bias in Observational Studies Comparing Cervical Disc Arthroplasty to Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion.

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study using a national administrative database. OBJECTIVE To define the cohort differences in patient characteristics between patients undergoing cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in a large national sample, and to describe the impact of those baseline patient characteristics on analyses of costs and complications. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA CDA was initially studied in high quality, randomized trials with strict inclusion criteria. Recently a number of non-randomized, observational studies have been published an attempt to expand CDA indications. These trials are predisposed to falsely attributing differences in outcomes to an intervention due to selection bias. METHODS Adults undergoing ACDF or CDA between 2004 and 2014 were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 9, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) diagnosis and procedure codes. Perioperative demographics, comorbidities, complications, and costs were queried. Patient characteristics were compared via chi-square and t tests. Cost, mortality, and complications were compared between ACDF and CDA cohorts using models that adjusted for demographics and comorbidities, as well as "naive" models that did not. RESULTS A total of 290,419 procedures, 98.2% ACDF and 1.8% CDA, were included in the sample. Compared with ACDF patients, CDA patients were younger, healthier as evidenced by number of comorbidities, and had an improved socioeconomic status as measured by income and insurance. The naive logistic regression model showed that hospital costs for CDA were $549 lower than ACDF. In the fully specified model, CDA was $574 more expensive. The naive model for medical complications suggests a protective advantage for CDA over ACDF, odds ratio of 0.627, P < 0.01. No statistically significant difference was found in the fully specified model in terms of complications. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing CDA were younger and healthier with higher socioeconomic statuses compared with ACDF patients. Accounting for these baseline differences significantly attenuated the apparent benefit for CDR on costs and medical complications. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3.
Use of Student Peer Review in a Writing-Intensive Fashion Course

Fashion students can benefit from having adequate writing skills in pursuing a job in he fashion industry. In order to meet such demands in writing skills and to have a better chance at getting a desired job, fashion students can significantly enhance their writing skills pertinent to possible jobs, in an in-major writing intensive course. The discussions in the abstract includes the benefits of implementing peer reviews along the process of writing a term paper, how to implement it, and the student feedback on the pedagogical strategy.
Identification of Individuals at Increased Risk for Pancreatic Cancer in a Community-Based Cohort of Patients With Suspected Chronic Pancreatitis.

Objectives We lack reliable methods for identifying patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) at increased risk for pancreatic cancer. We aimed to identify radiographic parameters associated with pancreatic cancer in this population. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with suspected CP within an integrated healthcare system in Southern California in 2006-2015. Patients were identified by a diagnostic code and confirmed by imaging findings (parenchymal calcification, ductal stones, glandular atrophy, pseudocyst, main duct dilatation, duct irregularity, abnormal side branch, or stricture) defined by the natural language processing of radiographic reports. We used Cox regression to determine the relationship of smoking, alcohol use, acute pancreatitis, diabetes, body mass index, and imaging features with the risk of incident pancreatic cancer at least 1 year after abnormal pancreas imaging. Results We identified 1,766 patients with a diagnostic code and an imaging feature for CP with a median follow-up of 4.5 years. There were 46 incident pancreatic cancer cases. Factors that predicted incident pancreatic cancer after 1-year of follow-up included obesity (hazard ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.2-6.1) and duct dilatation (hazard ratio 10.5, 95% confidence limit: 4.0-27). Five-year incidence of pancreatic cancer in this population with duct dilatation was 6.3%. Discussion High incidence of pancreatic cancer in suspected patients with CP with pancreatic duct dilatation warrants regular surveillance for pancreatic cancer.
UHRF1 drives the poor prognosis associated with RB loss in osteosarcoma

Loss of function mutations at the retinoblastoma (RB1) gene are associated with increased mortality, metastasis and poor therapeutic outcome in several cancers, including osteosarcoma. However, the mechanism(s) through which RB1 loss worsens clinical outcome remain to be elucidated. Ubiquitin-like with PHD and Ring Finger domains 1 (UHRF1) has been identified as a critical downstream effector of the RB/E2F signaling pathway that is overexpressed in various cancers. Here, we show that UHRF1 upregulation is critical in rendering osteosarcoma cells more aggressive. We confirmed that UHRF1 is transcriptionally regulated by the RB/E2F pathway and overexpressed in osteosarcoma. Using novel genetically engineered mouse models, we determined that Uhrf1 loss dramatically reverses the effects of Rb1 loss. Based on gain- and loss-of-function assays, we report that UHRF1 promotes cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses revealed the involvement of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in UHRF1-mediated cell mobility. Our work presents a new mechanistic insight into RB1 loss-associated poor prognosis, revealing UHRF1 as a critical driver of tumor promotion, progression, and metastasis in osteosarcoma. This study provides substantial support for targeting UHRF1 or its downstream effectors as novel therapeutic options to improve current treatment for osteosarcoma and other cancers with RB/E2F pathway inactivation.
Predicting Mortality Risk in Viral and Unspecified Pneumonia to Assist Clinicians with COVID-19 ECMO Planning

Respiratory complications due to coronavirus disease COVID-19 have claimed tens of thousands of lives in 2020. Many cases of COVID-19 escalate from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) to viral pneumonia to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to death. Extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-sustaining oxygenation and ventilation therapy that may be used for patients with severe ARDS when mechanical ventilation is insufficient to sustain life. While early planning and surgical cannulation for ECMO can increase survival, clinicians report the lack of a risk score hinders these efforts. In this work, we leverage machine learning techniques to develop the PEER score, used to highlight critically ill patients with viral or unspecified pneumonia at high risk of mortality or decompensation in a subpopulation eligible for ECMO. The PEER score is validated on two large, publicly available critical care databases and predicts mortality at least as well as other existing risk scores. Stratifying our cohorts into low-risk and high-risk groups, we find that the high-risk group also has a higher proportion of decompensation indicators such as vasopressor and ventilator use. Finally, the PEER score is provided in the form of a nomogram for direct calculation of patient risk, and can be used to highlight at-risk patients among critical care patients eligible for ECMO.
Optimal designs and surgical technique for hip and knee joint replacement: The best is yet to come!

Over the last three decades there has been significant advancements in knee and hip replacement technology. The implants and the surgical technology we now have to aid in their implantation are advancing and improving functional outcomes and survivorship. Despite these advancements there are still issues with patient satisfaction, functional limitations and early revisions due to instability and aseptic loosening. This article reviews the state of current technology in hip and knee replacement implant design and surgical technique, and reviews some the current implant designs and surgical technology that may be able to solve some of the most common issues in knee and hip replacement surgery. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Strategic Communications of the Arctic Council: 20 Years of Circumpolar Imaging

This article aims to delve deeper in the underexplored but critical role Arctic Council representations and visual images have played over its first 20 years of existence. Through a visual discourse narrative of Arctic Council publications and media platforms, the article will explore how the Artic Council’s self-constructed visual narrative has evolved over the past two decades, moving from a primarily environmentally focused narrative in 1996 to one imbued with political legitimacy and power in 2016 through strategic communications. The research is multidisciplinary and lends its foundation to four areas of study: (i) international relations, power, and the esthetic turn; (ii) art history, identity, power, and iconography; (iii) the history and production of science visuals in the history and philosophy of science; and (iv) geography, imagined geographies, and border studies. While the research is positioned primarily in the first of these areas, the so-called Esthetic Turn of International Relations, its analysis rests at the nexus of all four. By offering an analysis of 20 years of the strategic visual communication of the Arctic Council, this article aims to fill a gap in current scholarship with a case study of strategic communication strategies in visual imagery and political iconography in perceptions of Northern governance.
Cooperative drag reduction in turbulent flows using polymer additives and superhydrophobic walls

The injection of long-chain polymer additives and the water-repellent (or superhydrophobic) texturing of submerged solid walls, have both evolved independently over the years into effective, stand-alone methods for frictional drag reduction in wall-bounded turbulent flows. Experiments performed in turbulent Taylor-Couette flow demonstrate that the two techniques, when combined carefully, result in an additive effect, producing significant enhancements in the overall level of drag reduction achieved.
A Conceptual Model to Improve Care for Individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias and Their Caregivers: Qualitative Findings in an Online Caregiver Forum.

Background As the population rapidly ages, a growing number of families are engaging in care for individuals living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). The perceived challenges and burdens that face informal caregivers are enormous. Objective The objective of this study was to 1) explore from the family caregivers' perspective, the daily lives of individuals living with ADRD, and the challenges family caregivers encounter when caring for a family member with ADRD; and 2) to develop a comprehensive model with the endeavor to improve care for individuals with ADRD and their family caregivers. Methods Posts were extracted from the ALZConnected online caregiving forum in May 2019. Guided by a triangular model focused on Caregiver, Individual with ADRD, and Context of Care, two researchers independently analyzed 654 posts with a combination of deductive and inductive thematic analysis approach. Researchers all agreed on finalized codes and themes. Results Thematic analysis resulted in four themes: Individual with ADRD, Caregiver, Dynamic between Caregiver and Individual with ADRD, and Context of Care. The most frequently discussed topics among caregivers were informational and emotional support for caregivers, and the capabilities and functioning of individuals with ADRD. Conclusion Online forums provide a valuable platform for caregivers to support each other informationally and emotionally, share care strategies, and navigate caregiving burdens. An expanded model was derived to support a comprehensive and dynamic approach to improve care for both caregivers and individuals with ADRD. The unique nature of the caregiver forum data is worthy of further data mining using a novel analysis approach.
Lateral migration of explosive hazards during maar eruptions constrained from crater shapes

Maar volcanoes are produced by subsurface phreatomagmatic explosions that can move vertically and laterally during an eruption. Constraining the distances that maar-forming explosions move laterally, and the number of relocations common to these eruptions, is vital for informing hazard scenarios and numerical simulations. This study uses 241 intact Quaternary maar crater shapes to establish global trends in size and spacing of explosion position relocations. Maar craters are sorted into shape classes based on the presence of uniquely identifiable combinations of overlapping circular components in their geometry. These components are used to recognize the minimum number of explosion locations responsible for observed crater shapes. Craters with unique solutions are then used to measure the size and spacing of the explosion footprints, the circular area of the largest crater produced by a single explosion of a given energy, that produce the crater shape. Thus, even in the absence of abundant observations of maar-type eruptions, the typical range, size and spacing of explosion positions are derived from maar crater shapes. This analysis indicates that most Quaternary maar eruptions involved at least three different explosion locations spanning distances of 200–600 m that did not always follow the trend of the dike feeding the eruption. Additional evaluation of larger maars, consistent with stratigraphic studies, indicates that centers of explosive activity, and thus the origin of ballistic and density current hazards, can move as many as twenty times during a maar-forming eruption. These results provide the first quantitative constraints on the scale and frequency of lateral migration in maar eruptions and these values can directly contribute to hazard models and eruption event trees in advance of future maar-type eruptions.
Hiking Trails Increase Abundance of Harvester Ant1 Nests at Clear Creek, Arizona

Anthropomorphic changes to the environment can sometimes unintentionally benefit ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) when habitats are made favorable for nesting. We examined the effects of a hiking trail on nest abundance of Pogonomyrmex barbatus (Smith) and Novomessor cockerelli (Andre) harvester ants at Clear Creek, AZ. Nest abundance for both species was compared along paired transects on- and off-trail. P. barbatus was twice as abundant on-trail while N. cockerelli showed a similar directional trend, but the differences were not significant. To test potential mechanisms driving the increase on-trails, soil and habitat differences were compared. Soil compaction was two times greater and canopy cover was five times less on- versus off-trails. For P. barbatus, which nests in soil, we compared on- and off-nest soils, both on- and off-trail. Soil 5 m away from ant nests was twice as compacted whether on- or off-trail. Reduction of canopy cover and compaction of soils might create beneficial nesting conditions for the two species of ant, leading to greater abundance near the hiking trail. Increase of stinging insects near recreational trails might pose health risks, especially in remote areas distant from medical treatment. We discuss management considerations and potential ecological consequences of increased abundance of ants along trails.
Race for profit: How banks and the real estate industry undermined black homeownership, by Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor: Chapel Hill, NC, University of North Carolina Press, 2019

In Race for Profit, Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor traces a careful and compelling history of efforts to expand access to homeownership across the United States in the aftermath of World War II. Specifica...
Wave Attenuation in Disordered Periodic Structures

The ability of a periodic structure to transmit wave motions from one location to another is reduced due to disorder, namely random variations of material and geometric properties. The phenomenon is known as localization, and the average exponential decay rate of wave transmission with respect to the wave propagation distance is called the localization factor. Two systematic procedures are presented in this paper for calculating the localization factor of a disordered periodic structure on the basis of probability theory. One employs the concept of invariant probability of phase difference between two waves traveling in opposite directions; another takes into account reflections from nearby disordered periodic units successively. In both methods, the random variation of each physical parameter in a disordered unit is represented by a random variable, and a sequence of such random variables corresponding to different units is assumed to be an ergodic sequence; therefore, the sequential averages may be replaced by ensemble averages. Application of the method is illustrated by an example and the results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations.
Reverse Code Generation for Parallel Discrete Event Simulation

Reverse computation has become a central notion in discrete event simulation over the last decade. It is not just a theoretical line of research, but an immensely practical one that is necessary to achieve high performance for large parallel discrete event simulations (PDES). The models that are implemented for PDES are of increasing complexity and size and require various language features to support abstraction, encapsulation, and composition when building a simulation model. In this paper we focus on parallel simulation models that are written in C++ and present an approach for automatically generating reverse code for C++. The strategy we have adopted for our approach is to first assure that we can correctly handle event methods that use the entire C++ language. Although a significant runtime overhead is introduced with our technique, the assurance that the reverse code is always generated fully automatically is an enormous win that can open the door to routine optimistic simulation with models that can be implemented using the entire C++ language.
The Superconducting State in Nature

We have already remarked that superconductivity is not just the absence of electrical resistance in some solid conductors. In fact, we are dealing with a peculiar correlated state of matter. In this chapter we will talk about the properties of a number of objects which, at first glance, have nothing in common. However, the real subjects of discussion will be the interconnection of different natural phenomena and the various manifestations of the peculiar superconducting state of matter. Low-temperature physics in general, and the physics of superconductivity in particular, has had an enormous influence on other branches of physics. As we shall see, many examples of this influence were quite unexpected, which makes the picture all the more interesting.
The preparation of tryptic, peptic, thermolysin, and cyanogen bromide peptides from the acyl carrier protein of Escherichia coli.

Abstract The peptides obtained by reaction of trypsin, pepsin, and thermolysin on the acyl carrier protein of Escherichia coli have been purified by means of ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration, and differential solubility. The tryptic peptides from performic acid-oxidized acyl carrier protein were obtained in yields from 51 to 98%. The sum of the amino compositions of the tryptic peptides accounts for the amino acid composition of the intact protein. One tryptic peptide, which contains 43 of the 77 residues in acyl carrier protein, was degraded with pepsin and the resulting peptic peptides were isolated in yields from 75 to 100%. These peptides, in addition to those from thermolysin digests of acyl carrier protein, have provided the necessary overlaps in sequence that are required to deduce a partial amino acid sequence of acyl carrier protein.
La «Traduction» du Théâtre au Cinéma: Quelques Exemples du Répertoire Canadien

Generally, film adaptations of drama do not follow the principles of translation. There are too many differences between the original and the film version for the term “translation” to be applicable. However, there are a few cases where it can be said that a film actually translates a play. This article examines a number of adaptations of Canadian plays, in the light of various translation theories as well as narratological approaches, to draw a conceptual line between adaptation and translation. As is demonstrated, while Lilies, Les muses orphelines and Il etait une fois dans l’Est cannot be read as translations of plays by Michel Marc Bouchard and Michel Tremblay, Tectonic Plates and Gapi can productively be studied as translations of original works by Theâtre Repere and Antonine Maillet. In the process, the author hopes to establish the basic charateristics of filmic translation.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibition Rescues Maternal Deprivation-Induced GABAergic Metaplasticity through Restoration of AKAP Signaling

Adverse early-life experiences such as child neglect and abuse increase the risk of developing addiction and stress-related disorders through alterations in motivational systems including the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) pathway. Here we investigated whether a severe early-life stress (i.e., maternal deprivation, MD) promotes DA dysregulation through an epigenetic impairment of synaptic plasticity within ventral tegmental area (VTA) DA neurons. Using a single 24-hr episode of MD and whole-cell patch clamp recording in rat midbrain slices, we show that MD selectively induces long-term depression (LTD) and shifts spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) toward LTD at GABAergic synapses onto VTA DA neurons through epigenetic modifications of postsynaptic scaffolding A-kinase anchoring protein 79/150 (AKAP79/150) signaling. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition rescues GABAergic metaplasticity and normalizes AKAP signaling in MD animals. MD-induced reversible HDAC-mediated GABAergic dysfunction within the VTA may be a mechanistic link for increased propensity to mental health disorders following MD.
Copulatory Behavior and Fertility in Transgenic Male Mice Expressing Human Placental Growth Hormone Gene

Male transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing the human placental growth hormone (GH) variant gene (hGH-V) exhibit reproductive deficits in spite of normal testosterone levels and normal sperm counts. To evaluate the relationship of copulatory behaviors to fertility, we first measured mount, intromission, and ejaculation indices in 2-5-month-old mice (10 TG and 10 normal litter mate controls) during 1 hour tests with ovariectomized, estrogen-, and progesterone-primed females. After eight tests, each male was housed with three intact females for 27 consecutive days. Females were checked daily for vaginal plugs and sacrificed 14 days after insemination to determine the numbers of corpora lutea and live and dead fetuses. Relative to their normal siblings, TG mice mounted less often and intromitted sooner after the initial mount, made marginally more intromissions (with and without ejaculation), and were slower to ejaculate. In subsequent fertility tests, TG males inseminated fewer females and sired fewer live fetuses per insemination than non-TG controls. Across TG and normal males, the length of interval between initial mount and initial intromission was inversely correlated with the number of live offspring sired. This suggests that reduced fertility in hGH-V transgenic male mice may be related to altered copulatory behavior, including a rapid progression from first mount to first intromission.
Land ownership as a determinant of temporary migration in Nang Rong Thailand.

In this study I consider landownership as a determinant of temporary migrationin a rural area of Thailand. Previous researchon rural areas in developing countries hasfocused on the use of migration to diversifyhousehold incomes across economic sectors andacross geographic areas. I combine thisliterature with economic theories of migrationto understand the effect of land ownership ontemporary migration of household members inNang Rong, Thailand. I estimate regressionmodels predicting the probability of ahousehold having any temporary migrants, andpredicting the number of male or femaletemporary migrants in the household. I findthat households with smaller landholdings arediversifying through migration in order tosupplement rural income, while households withlarger landholdings are diversifying in orderto overcome the absence of accessible credit inthe village.
No Longer Just Looking under the Lamppost

It is an honor to be receiving this award from a Society for which I have the greatest affection and admiration. There are many friends, former students, post-docs, and colleagues whom I would love to acknowledge, but I won’t be able to in these brief remarks. I would, however, like to recognize and thank one person, and that’s my wife, Diane Baker, a long-term member of this Society. Her stalwart support over the many bumps in the road the last few years has never wavered and is deeply appreciated.
Towards a paradigm for adaptation in pulse-coupled neural networks

We demonstrate that pulse-coupled neural networks can be regarded in terms of classical logic operations. This opens the possibility that algorithms used for adapting logic circuits might be employed for adaptation in pulse-coupled neural networks.
Tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in acute ischemic stroke: Outcomes associated with ambulation.

Purpose: Several clinical trials have highlighted general favorable outcomes of intravenous tissue type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) in acute ischemic stroke using different measures including, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Findings from most of these measures indicate that the benefits of rt-PA are time dependent, thus, supporting intensive efforts to fast-track hospital thrombolytic treatment in patients with stroke. Despite the widespread benefits of rt-PA, the effectiveness of this therapy on specific functions such as ambulatory performance of the recovering stroke patient is not fully investigated. We aim to investigate this issue in the current study. Methods: We analyzed data from a retrospective cohort of acute ischemic stroke patients admitted to Greenville Health System (GHS) between 2010-2013. We identified patients who received rt-PA within a 4.5 hour time frame following the onset of acute ischemic stroke symptoms. Our analysis compared ambulatory variables and hospital-level characteristics in proportions of patients receiving rt-PA with those not receiving rt-PA. This analysis determined whether early treatment with rt-PA is associated with favorable changes in ambulatory status from admission to discharge following acute ischemic stroke. Results: Among 663 patients with ischemic stroke who were eligible to receive rt-PA, 241 patients received rt-PA and 422 patients did not due to several risk factors. We found a statistically significant difference (P < 0.001) for changes in ambulation status from hospital admission to discharge between patients receiving rt-PA and patients who did not receive rt-PA. Among patients who received rt-PA, 27.8% improved in their ambulation status, 41.9% saw no change in their ambulation status, 0.4% worsened in their ambulation status, and 29.9% were unable to be determined. Of the patients who did not receive rt-PA, 20.1% improved in their ambulation status, 61.8% saw no change in their ambulation status, 1.4% worsened in their ambulation status, and 16.6% were unable to be determined. Conclusion: Our current study indicates that early treatment with rt-PA may be associated with favorable changes in ambulatory status from admission to discharge following acute ischemic stroke.
Determination of Leaflet Strain Using a Novel Static Pressurization Chamber

The purpose of this study was to design a system capable of quantifying leaflet strain for transcatheter and surgical bioprosthetic aortic heart valves, as well as to present their 3D deformation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the device, a transcatheter heart valve was mounted into the testing chamber, where it experienced a physiologically appropriate loading force. The three leaflets were marked in order to determine the strain of each leaflet region for precise imaging, executed by two high speed cameras. A custom LabVIEW vi was created to conduct a direct linear transformation of the images into 3D and then to calculate the strain distribution along the leaflets surface.
Stoichiometry versus Hydrophobicity in Protein Folding

(2011). Stoichiometry versus Hydrophobicity in Protein Folding. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics: Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 589-591.
Spatial and Temporal Variation of Wind Above and Within a Soybean Canopy

Abstract Crop surface geometry and, hence, surface roughness are functions of the stage of crop development. As a result, the concepts on which boundary layer descriptions are based, or modeled, must vary with the stage of crop growth. Five basic types of turbulent flow have been recognized: normal flow, semi-smooth flow, hyperturbulent flow, quasi-smooth flow, and the vertical displacement of normal flow. Wind profile measurements have demonstrated the requirement that the conceptual model of flow occurring within a soybean canopy be based on a two-dimensional cavity or a quasi-smooth flow model. The phenomenological turbulent parameters should be based on the mode of the velocity rather than the mean as the probability distributions of the wind velocity were largely non-Gaussian. The turbulent integrated length scale describes the long, thin types of “eddies” flowing within the turbulent boundary layer above the crop canopy. The relation of the integrated turbulent length scales as computed from the Eulerian and auto-correlation coefficients and the standard deviation of the velocity have shown that the wind profiles were neither uniform nor homogeneous.
Learning from numerical calculations of ion-atom collisions

Abstract Violent collisions of two independent many-particle systems, victims, are discussed in the atomic sphere. The asymmetric region where the charge of the projectile Z p is less than the target nuclear charge Z N is now well understood, though interesting details still need to be worked out. Negatively charged projectiles offer a new illustration of Fadeev re-arrangement collisions. Multi-electron coherence effects illustrate the richness of the field but a symmetric ( Z p ∼ Z N ) collision treatment is needed. A new one-and-a-half center expansion method promises a solution to this problem. Future areas of interest are discussed.
Effect of Inbreeding on 8-Week Weight in Chickens

Abstract During investigations for another purpose data were accumulated indicating inbreeding depression of 8-week weight in Athens-Canadian Randombred (A.C.R.) chickens. When inbred birds were compared with contemporary non-inbreds from a mass mating the inbreds were lighter in 31 of 34 comparisons. The differences are listed in Table 1. A search of indices in Poultry Science revealed only three published values of regression of body weight on inbreeding in chickens. Shoffner (1948) reported a non-significant estimate (−0.004 ± 0.003) of regression of mature body weight in pounds on inbreeding. Glazener et al. (1951) reported a significant estimate (−0.1297 ± 0.005) of regression of 12-week weight in ounces on inbreeding. Blow and Glazener (1953) reported another non-significant estimate (−1.044 ± 0.851) of regression of body weight at sexual maturity in grams on inbreeding. There have, however, been several estimates of regression of body weight on inbreeding in mammals. Some of these are tabulated…
Spatial correlation of precipitating and trapped protons associated with an isolated substorm

[1] We compare the global morphology of medium energy (few keV) energetic neutral atom measurements from IMAGE/MENA with proton aurora measurements from IMAGE/FUV and in situ energetic proton data from LANL/SOPA before and during a magnetospheric substorm that commenced at 1245 UT on 19 September 2000. In the hours before substorm onset, several small auroral activations occurred at locations scattered around local midnight. The neutral atom (ENA) emissions increased continuously throughout the substorm growth phase, mimicking the pseudo-breakup behavior seen in the proton aurora and in situ energetic particle data. Half an hour before substorm onset, the rate of ENA flux increase accelerated. The substorm onset is characterized by a rapidly expanding proton aurora brightening starting near 22 magnetic local time. ENA fluxes continued to rise until 30 minutes after onset. Throughout the whole event the local time distribution of ENA and auroral emissions was remarkably similar.
Selectively eliminating cochlear microphonic contamination from the frequency-following response

The frequency-following response (FFR) is the scalp recorded response to low frequency stimuli. As an electrophysiological method for determining auditory threshold, it has application in both clinical and research settings. However, the response is often contaminated with the cochlear microphonic (CM), reflecting the response of outer hair cells, rather than neural generators (i.e., auditory nerve, cochlear nucleus, superior olivary nucleus, inferior colliculus, etc.). The FFR needs to be a purely neural response to establish its clinical and experimental usefulness. The methods applied to date have failed to accomplish this. The present study demonstrates a method of deriving a pure neural response by subtracting a forward masked FFR, which contains only CM, from an unmasked FFR. To confirm that the residual response after forward masking is solely CM, one needs to record two forward masked responses with opposite phase probe stimuli. When the responses are added they will sum to zero only if the residual response with forward masking is pure CM. This study demonstrates that the traditional method for removing CM from FFR, by simple summation of unmasked responses recorded with stimuli of opposite phase, does not accurately reflect the amplitude or frequency of the FFR, while the proposed method provides an accurate assessment of the FFR amplitude free of CM contamination.
Potential application of radial splitter diffuser to shrouded wind turbines

The application of a new concept of efficient wide-angle conical diffuser utilizing radial splitters is proposed. With this diffuser concept a significant pressure recovery has been demonstrated with expansion angle as high as 40 degrees together with good exit flow uniformity. Competitive aerodynamic performance will be shown possible with the proposed shroud, with potential for improved cost-effectiveness over the current shroud designs.