cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stresses on a thin strip or slab with different elastic properties from that of the substrate due to elliptically distributed load

Abstract The solution for the state of stresses on a thin strip (or a thin slab in the three dimensional case) and the semi-infinite substrate, rigidly adhering to each other and with different elastic properties, under elliptically distributed normal and tangential boundary stresses is obtained in terms of Fourier integrals. Nominal results are obtained to show the effect of the difference in the elastic properties between the thin strip (or slab) and the substrate on the state of the existing stresses.
Protein Composition and Quality of Some New Hard White Winter Wheats

The production of hard white winter (HWW) wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) in the USA is expected to increase in the future and to replace, at least to some extent, the traditional hard red winter (HRW) wheats that are currently grown. To monitor the effects of this change, nine HWW wheat lines including new cultivars and advanced breeding lines were evaluated for protein composition and functional quality and compared with eight corresponding HRW wheat lines. The percentages of the different classes of proteins, measured by size exclusion-HPLC, were similar in HWW lines to those of the HRW lines. Quality characteristics of the white wheat lines as measured by lactic acid solvent retention capacity, mixograph dough development times, and bake-test bread volume also equaled those for the red wheats. These data should serve as a benchmark for HWW wheats as more cultivars are released.
Formation of the vitelline membrane and chorion in developing oocytes of Ephestia kühniella.

Ultrastructural studies on developing egg chambers of the moth, Ephesita kuhniella reveal that the precursors of the vitelline membrane are synthesized within follicle cells which are in contact with the oocyte. The vitelline membrane precursors appear to be synthesized by the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, and this material apparently moves to the Golgi cisternae where the definitive vitelline membrane precursor body is produced. The previtelline bodies are then secreted into the spaces between the oocyte and follicle cells, where they fuse to form a continuous membrane. Chorion formation begins with the deposition of a layer of tubules at the outer edge of the vitelline membrane which coalesce to form the inner edge of a thin, striated layer. In subsequent stages, several compartmented layers are rapidly secreted external to the striated layer, giving rise to the mature chorion.
Evolution of magnetic oxygen states in Sr-doped LaCoO 3

Magnetism in La(1-x)Sr(x)CoO(3) as a function of doping is investigated with x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dicrhoism at the O K edge, and corresponding first principles electronic structure calculations. For small x, the spectra are consistent with the formation of ferromagnetic clusters occurring within a nonmagnetic insulating matrix. Sr-induced, magnetic O-hole states form just above E(F) and grow with increasing Sr doping. Density functional calculations for x=0 yield a nonmagnetic ground state with the observed rhombohedral distortion and indicates that doping introduces holes at the Fermi level in magnetic states with significant O 2p and Co t(2g) character for the undistorted pseudocubic structure. Supercell calculations show stronger magnetism on oxygen atoms having more Sr neighbors.
Evidence for a constant b-value above magnitude 0 in the southern San Andreas, San Jacinto and San Miguel Fault Zones, and at the Long Valley Caldera, California

The cumulative b-value (the slope of the Gutenberg — Richter relationship between earthquake occurrence rate and magnitude) is commonly found to be constant (∼1). Network catalogues, however, reveal a decrease at small magnitudes (< 3). Some recent studies have suggested that this decrease in b-value is not just an artifact of catalogue incompleteness, but that small earthquakes are really not as numerous as a constant b-value extrapolated from larger events would predict. Brune & Allen [1967] recorded microseismicity in both the San Andreas and San Jacinto fault zones in southern California, calculating that they were complete to magnitude 0. Reyes et al. [1975] performed a similar study of the San Miguel fault zone, Baja California, estimating completeness above magnitude −0.5. We compare the results of these studies with the occurrence rates of earthquakes on the same faults recorded by the Southern California and RESNOR seismic networks. The observed microseismicity rates are in good agreement with the rates predicted by extrapolating the b-values of the larger earthquakes. In a new microseismicity survey at the Long Valley caldera, Mammoth Lakes, California, microearthquakes were recorded and counted within 24 km of stations CLK and CHS. This study is estimated to be complete above 0.6 M at CLK and 0.9 M at CHS, and the microseismicity rates are found to be in good agreement with the rate predicted by extrapolating the b-value from the local network recorded seismicity. The constant b-value in the magnitude range 0 to 5 observed in all four areas considered is consistent with a scale invariant earthquake rupture process.
Bump and Trench Modifications to Film-Cooling Holes at the Vane Endwall Junction

The endwall of a first-stage vane experiences high heat transfer and low adiabatic effectiveness levels because of high turbine operating temperatures and formation of leading edge vortices. These vortices lift the coolant off the endwall and pull the hot mainstream gases toward it. The region of focus for this study is the vane-endwall junction region near the stagnation location where cooling is very difficult. Two different film-cooling hole modifications, namely, trenches and bumps, were evaluated to improve the cooling in the leading edge region. This study uses a large-scale turbine vane cascade with a single row of axial film-cooling holes at the leading edge of the vane endwall. Individual hole trenches and row trenches were placed along the complete row of film-cooling holes. Two-dimensional semi-elliptically shaped bumps were also evaluated by placing the bumps upstream and downstream of the film-cooling row. Tests were carried out for different trench depths and bump heights under varying blowing ratios. The results indicated that a row trench placed along the row of film-cooling holes showed a greater enhancement in adiabatic effectiveness levels when compared to individual hole trenches and bumps. All geometries considered produced an overall improvement to adiabatic effectiveness levels.
Reliability of surface micromachined MicroElectroMechanical actuators

This paper will review some of the investigations into MicroElectroMechanical systems (MEMS) reliability. It will categorize the major reliability issues of MEMS actuators. Reliability concerns of stiction, mechanical wear, fracture, fatigue, shock, and vibration will be discussed.
Flexible ultrasonic guided wave sensor development for structural health monitoring

Sensor development and signal processing are two key issues in structural health monitoring (SHM). A process of PVDF annular array sensor design via guided ultrasonic wave propagation, excitation, and wave damage interaction modeling is presented in this paper. A sample problem to monitor the occurrence and progression of simulated corrosion damage in an aluminum plate is studied. An effective guided wave mode for easy corrosion depth assessment was selected based on guided wave propagation analysis. Three dimensional finite element method (FEM) analyses were performed to study the wave field excited from PVDF annular arrays and sectioned annular arrays in the aluminum plate. Annular arrays with enhanced mode selection capabilities were permanently bonded to a 1mm aluminum plate. Simulated corrosion damage with progressive corrosion depths was successfully detected in the structure using wave mode based signal analysis and feature extraction. The relation between the damage depth and the reflection wave amplitude from the signal were studied with both numerical simulation and experiments.
Aspirin Has A Gender-Dependent Impact on Antiinflammatory 15-Epi-Lipoxin A4 Formation

Objective— Aspirin blocks thromboxane production that contributes to its well-appreciated antiplatelet action. Aspirin also initiates the biosynthesis of novel antiinflammatory mediators from arachidonic acid, namely aspirin-triggered 15-epi-lipoxin A 4 . We recently conducted a double-blinded clinical trial with healthy subjects in whom low-dose aspirin (81 mg daily) significantly increased aspirin-triggered 15-epi-lipoxin A 4 and concomitantly inhibited thromboxane. Here, we assessed whether plasma aspirin–triggered 15-epi-lipoxin A 4 was age or gender dependent in subjects taking low-dose aspirin. Methods and Results— A total of 128 subjects were allocated to: placebo, 81, 325, or 650 mg daily aspirin for an 8-week period. Plasma thromboxane B 2 and aspirin-triggered 15-epi-lipoxin A 4 were assessed from blood collected at baseline and the conclusion of the trial. We then performed a post-trial analysis in the group receiving low-dose aspirin. In female subjects, we found a positive correlation between age and aspirin-triggered 15-epi-lipoxin A 4 (increase of 0.37 ng/mL per decade), and a negative correlation was observed in men (decrease of 0.29 ng/mL per decade). These trends were significantly different from each other ( P =0.045). Conclusions— Low-dose aspirin has a gender-specific impact on aspirin-triggered 15-epi-lipoxin A 4 production, which may contribute to the gender-dependent clinical benefits of aspirin. Also, they may provide a molecular rationale for low-dose aspirin therapies in elderly women to reduce inflammation-related disorders.
A Simulation Study of the CRAY X-MP Memory System

One of the significant differences between the CRAY X-MP and its predecessor, the CRAY-1S, is a considerably increased memory bandwidth for vector operations. Up to three vector streams in each of the two processors may be active simultaneously. These streams contend for memory banks as well as data paths. All memory conflicts are resolved dynamically by the memory system. This paper describes a simulation study of the CRAY X-MP interleaved memory system with attention focused on steady state performance for sequences of vector operations. Because it is more amenable to analysis, we first study the interaction of vector streams issued from a single processor. We identify the occurrence of linked conflicts, repeating sequences of conflicts between two or more vector streams that result in reduced steady state performance. Both worst case and average case performance measures are given. The discussion then turns to dual processor interactions. Finally, based on our simulations, possible modifications to the CRAY X-MP memory system are proposed and compared. These modifications are intended to eliminate or reduce the effects of linked conflicts.
Genetic analysis of a poliovirus/hepatitis C virus (HCV) chimera: interaction between the poliovirus cloverleaf and a sequence in the HCV 5' nontranslated region results in a replication phenotype.

Internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) can function in foreign viral genomes or in artificial dicistronic mRNAs. We describe an interaction between the wild-type hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific sequence and the poliovirus (PV) 5′-terminal cloverleaf in a PV/HCV chimeric virus (containing the HCV IRES), resulting in a replication phenotype. Either a point mutation at nucleotide (nt) 29 or a deletion up to nt 40 in the HCV 5′ nontranslated region relieved the replication block, yielding PV/HCV variants replicating to high titers. Fortuitous yet crippling interactions between an IRES and surrounding heterologous RNA must be considered when IRES-based dicistronic expression vectors are being constructed.
Dominance based analysis for large volume production fail diagnosis

A procedure for using fault dominance in a large volume diagnosis environment is described. Fault dominance is shown to be useful for reducing the fault simulation time during diagnosis when used together with the concept of pattern dependence and maximally dominating faults. Results for both ISCAS benchmarks and industrial circuits are reported. The results show 9 % to 44% average reduction in the fault simulation time for these circuits.
Retinoic acid as cause of cell proliferation or cell growth inhibition depending on activation of one of two different nuclear receptors

Retinoic acid can combine with the nuclear retinoic acid receptor (RAR), leading to cell growth inhibition, as in certain tumors. Retinoic acid can also bind to the orphan nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ), resulting in stimulation of cell growth and inhibition of apoptosis. To bind to RAR, retinoic acid is carried into the nucleus by the cytosolic cellular retinoic acid-binding protein-II; to bind to PPARβ/δ, it is transported into the nucleus by the cytosolic fatty acid-binding protein 5.
An accelerator based neutron gun micro-fabricated with ceramic/metal packaging

This paper reports on a MEMS accelerator based neutron generator that is hermetically sealed in all ceramic/metal packaging. Conventional sources are radionucleides such as 252Cf. However, these isotopes do not lend themselves to pulsed neutron applications and present many safety issues. Accelerator based neutron generators have been developed, but they tend to be large, expensive, and unreliable. The device reported here is capable of being turned on and operated in pulsed neutron mode for the safe and reliable production of neutrons. Our MEMS neutron gun uses an inexpensive ceramic injection micro-molding and metallizing paste process for the batch fabrication of many neutron guns with standard industrial fabrication processes.
Lung Bullae With Air-Fluid Levels: What Is the Appropriate Therapeutic Approach?

Air-fluid levels within emphysematous lung bullae are a relatively uncommon occurrence in patients with preexisting bullous disease, and are not commonly reported. We report 2 cases of new onset air-fluid levels in patients with underlying bullous disease with substantially different clinical presentations but with clinical improvement after medical therapy only.
The mixing of rain with near-surface water

Rain experiments were run with various temperature differences between the warm rain and the cool receiving water. The rain intensities were uniform and the raindrop sizes were usually uniform (2.2 mm, 3.6 mm, and 5.5 mm diameter drops). Two drop size distributions were also used.
Childhood Maltreatment, Depression, and Suicidal Ideation: Critical Importance of Parental and Peer Emotional Abuse during Developmental Sensitive Periods in Males and Females

BACKGROUND: The Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) study found that risk for depression increased as a function of number of types of childhood maltreatment, and interpret this as a result of cumulative stress. An alternative hypothesis is that risk depends on type and timing of maltreatment. This will also present as a linear increase, since exposure to more types of abuse increases likelihood of experiencing a critical type of abuse at a critical age. METHODS: 560 (223M/337F) young adults (18-25 years) were recruited from the community without regard to diagnosis and balanced to have equal exposure to 0-4 plus types of maltreatment. The Maltreatment and Abuse Chronology of Exposure scale assessed severity of exposure to 10 types of maltreatment across each year of childhood. Major depression (MDD) and current symptoms were evaluated by SCID, interview and self-report. Predictive analytics assessed importance of exposure at each age and evaluated whether exposure at one or two ages was a more important predictor than number, severity or duration of maltreatment across childhood. RESULTS: The most important predictors of lifetime history of MDD was non-verbal emotional abuse (NVEA) in males and peer emotional abuse (EA) in females at 14 years of age, and these were more important predictors across models than number of types of maltreatment (Males: t9=16.39, p<10-7; Females t9=5.78, p<10-4). Suicidal ideation was predicted, in part, by NVEA and peer EA at age 14, but most importantly by parental verbal abuse at age 5 in males and sexual abuse at age 18 in females. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence for sensitive exposure periods when maltreatment maximally impacts risk for depression, and provides an alternative interpretation of the ACE study results. These findings fit with emerging neuroimaging evidence for regional sensitivity periods. The presence of sensitive exposure periods has important implications for prevention, preemption and treatment of MDD.
Brother versus brother: competitive stabilization of carbocationic centers by flanking cyclopropanes and π‐systems

B3LYP and MP2 quantum chemical calculations on cyclopropylcarbinyl cations fused to various cyclic and polycyclic architectures are described. ‘Competition’ for delocalization between the cyclopropane and other cyclopropanes and/or π-systems incorporated into the (poly)cyclic framework to which it is fused was assessed, primarily through the use of characteristic geometric perturbations to the cyclopropane substructure. For example, a linear correlation between the orientation of the ‘empty p-orbital’ at the carbocationic center, which is affected by the nature of the (poly)cyclic framework, and the magnitude of bond elongation in the cyclopropane was observed. Possible bis- and trishomoaromaticity of some systems was also evaluated using nucleus independent chemical shift (NICS) and magnetic susceptibility exaltation calculations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolation of phyllosilicate-iron redox cycling microorganisms from an illite-smectite rich hydromorphic soil

The biogeochemistry of phyllosilicate-Fe redox cycling was studied in a Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) dominated redoximorphic soil from Shovelers Sink, a small glacial depression near Madison, WI. The clay size fraction of Shovelers Sink soil accounts for 16% of the dry weight of the soil, yet contributes 74% of total Fe. The dominant mineral in the clay size fraction is mixed layer illite-smectite, and in contrast to many other soils and sediments, Fe(III) oxides are present in low abundance. We examined the Fe biogeochemistry of Shovelers Sink soils, estimated the abundance of Fe redox cycling microorganisms, and isolated in pure culture representative phyllosilicate-Fe oxidizing and reducing organisms. The abundance of phyllosilicate-Fe reducing and oxidizing organisms was low compared to culturable aerobic heterotrophs. Both direct isolation and dilution-to-extinction approaches using structural Fe(II) in Bancroft biotite as a Fe(II) source, and O(2) as the electron acceptor, resulted in recovery of common rhizosphere organisms including Bradyrhizobium spp. and strains of Cupriavidus necator and Ralstonia solanacearum. In addition to oxidizing biotite and soluble Fe(II) with O(2), each of these isolates was able to oxidize Fe(II) in reduced NAu-2 smectite with [Formula: see text] as the electron acceptor. Oxidized NAu-2 smectite or amorphous Fe(III) oxide served as electron acceptors for enrichment and isolation of Fe(III)-reducing microorganisms, resulting in recovery of a strain related to Geobacter toluenoxydans. The ability of the recovered microorganisms to cycle phyllosilicate-Fe was verified in an experiment with native Shovelers Sink clay. This study confirms that Fe in the native Shovelers Sink clay is readily available for microbial redox transformation and can be cycled by the Fe(III)-reducing and Fe(II)-oxidizing microorganisms recovered from the soil.
Terrain Identification of Intelligent Bionic Leg Based on Ground Reaction Force

Biomedical research indicates that human gait is considerable different when walking on different terrain. In this paper, terrain identification scheme for an intelligent bionic leg (IBL) is presented. Terrain identification system is modeled by the procedure neural networks (PNNs) and is used to identify the current terrain type based on the ground reaction force (GRF) information. According to identification result, damping moment of magneto-rheological (MR) damper mounted on knee joint of IBL is adjusted to accommodate changing conditions. This paper presents the PNNs model and calculates the related arithmetics. Terrain identification results prove the rationality and feasibility of the proposed scheme.
Wandering Far Afield with Defined Value Clauses

The Wandry decision extends the application of defined value clauses beyond those family limited partnership cases that transfer any excess value to a charity. In Wandry, the Tax Court reads Procter narrowly and ignores the fundamental rationale of Robinette.
Light-Weight Overlay Path Selection in a Peer-to-Peer Environment

Large-scale peer-to-peer systems span a wide range of Internet locations. Such diversity can be leveraged to build overlay "detours" to circumvent periods of poor performance on the default path. However, identifying which peers are "good" relay choices in support of such detours is challenging, if one is to avoid incurring an overhead that grows with the size of the peer- to-peer system. This paper proposes and investigates the Earliest Branching Rule (EBR) to perform such a selection. EBR builds on the Earliest Diverging Rule (EDR) that selects relay nodes whose AS path diverges from the default path at the earliest possible point, but calls for monitoring a much smaller number of paths. As a result, it has a much lower overhead. The paper explores the performance and overhead of EBR, and compares them to that of EDR. The results demonstrate that EBR succeeds in selecting good relay nodes with minimum control overhead. Hence, providing a practical solution for dynamically building good overlays in large peer-to-peer systems.
Levy Downcrossing Theorem for the Arratia Flow

We study the total number of downcrossings of a fixed strip by the trajectories of a continuum system of particles from the Arratia flow. We prove the convergence of the product of the strip width by the total number of downcrossings of the strip to the total local time for the Arratia flow. This statement is an analog of the well-known Levy downcrossing theorem for a Wiener process.
ANALYSIS OF SELECTED STANDARD IMPLICIT SCHEMES WITH ARBITRARY MESH MOVEMENT

Two methods that can he used with moving meshes are developed for the solution of the I-D Euler equations. The methods are derived by applying the Beam and Warming implicit procedure to the strong conservation law form (SCLF) and chain rule conservation law form (CRCLF) of the governing equations. The modified equations for the methods are developed and analyzed. The analysis shows that the standard Beam and Warming procedures are only first-order accurate in time when used with a moving mesh, and that the following are desirable qualities for a solution adaptive mesh; smooth mesh movement, high resolution around solution gradients, and mesh movement at the same speed as the propagation velocity of the local solution features. Numerical results are obtained for a 1-D shock tube model problem using meshes that test the desirable mesh qualities. The results indicate that; 1 .) the methods are only first-order accurate in time and exhibit large solution dissiption, 2.) solution accuracy can be improved by using meshes that have the desirable qualities, 3.) the SCLF and CRCLF methods are qualitatively identical for meshes without abrupt variations in mesh point speeds.
A macromineral survey of Louisiana beef cow-calf production systems

The survey purpose was to determine the state and regional macromineral status of Louisiana beef cow/calf production systems. Serum, forage, soil, and water were sampled from fall 2007 to spring 2009 at Louisiana beef-cattle operations (n = 25), which were divided into 7 regions (northwest, northeast, central, southwest, south central, Florida parishes, and southeast). Serum samples were collected twice annually in fall and spring, forage samples were collected quarterly, and soil and water were collected annually. The forage concentrations of Ca (0.42%); serum concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, and S (9.0, 1.9, 303.3, and 103.3 mg/100 mL, respectively); soil concentrations of P, Na, and S (56.3, 88.4, and 29.7 mg/kg, respectively); and water concentrations of Na (84.7 mg/kg) were not different (P > 0.05) among regions. For all serum samples, less than 10% of Ca, 57% of Mg, and 14% of Na were less than reported lower critical levels in serum; 40% of Ca, 45% of P, small percentage of K, 70% of Na, and 7% of S were less than the minimum reported for appropriate nutrition in forage for beef cattle. All macromineral concentrations were above critical levels in soil as required for adequate plant growth. Water Na concentrations in regions northeast, southwest, south central, and Florida parishes were at desirable levels reported for livestock. Using serum as an indicator, the results indicated Louisiana cattle maintained adequate macromineral status and perhaps are partially reflective of the macromineral supplementation programs used throughout the state.
Infrared Properties: The normal State, the Energy Gap, and the Temperature Dependence of the Gap

Because the CuO2 planes are the universal element in superconductors with Tc above ~40 K, understanding their fundamental properties is central to the problem of understanding the origin of high Tc. Here we discuss some of the contributions made by infrared measurements in this area. We emphasize reflectivity measurements of single domain Y1Ba2Cu3O7 crystals, where one can distinguish between chain and plane contributions to the infrared conductivity. For the CuO2 planes at low temperature σ 1s(ω) is very small (~0) up to roughly 500 cm-1 (8kTc), where it rises rapidly, suggesting a gap of width 8kTc in the in-plane electronic-excitation spectrum. In the normal state σ 1(ω) drops unusually slowly with ω; the ~1/ω dependence of σ 1(ω) can he directly related to the ~1/T dependence of σ dc(i.c, to the linear T resistivity), as well as to other spectroscopic properties. (Describing the conductivity in terms of a scattering rate which is linear in both frequency and temperature can help elucidate these relationships.) Examining the temperature dependence of σ(ω) in the superconducting state, one finds that the gap does not collapse as T→Tc as expected in BCS theory, but instead fills-in in a highly unconventional manner. Relationships between the infrared conductivity, the penetration depth and nuclear relaxation rates suggest a phenomenology for Y1Ba2Cu3O7 which is fundamentally different from that of BCS superconductors.
Reactions of (η6:η1-C6H5CH2CH2PR2)Ru(CH3)2 (R = Cy, Ph) with [H(Et2O)2][B(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)4] in the Presence of Carbon Monoxide, Acetylene, Ethylene, and Norbornene

The reactions of (η6:η1-C6H5CH2CH2PR2)Ru(CH3)2, where R = Cy (1), Ph (2), with boron activators in the presence of CO, acetylene, ethylene, and norbornene were explored. The reaction of 1 and 2 with H(Et2O)2[B(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)4] (H+B-) in the presence of CO afforded [(η6:η1-C6H5CH2CH2PR2)Ru(CH3)(CO)][B(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)4] (3 and 4, respectively). The reaction of 1 and 2 with H+B- in the presence of acetylene afforded polyacetylene and [(η6-C6H5CH2CH2PR2)Ru(η3-CH3CHC5H5)][B(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)4] (5 and 6, respectively). The latter reactions were proposed to proceed via coordinative insertion of acetylene into Ru−alkyl bonds. In contrast, the reaction of 2 with H+B- in the presence of ethylene initially afforded the precursor complex [(η6:η1-C6H5CH2CH2PPh2)Ru−CH3(CH2CH2)]2[B(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)4]2, which decomposed to give the dimeric species [(η6:η1-C6H5CH2CH2PPh2)RuCl][B(3,5-C6H3(CF3)2)4] (7). Finally, the reaction of 1 and 2 with H+B- in the presence of excess norbornene afforded ring-opened polynorbornene, presuma...
High frequency titrations: The silver-thiocyanate reaction

A high frequency (oscillometric) method for the titrimetric determination of small amounts of silver at dilutions down to 14000M with ammonium or potassium thiocyanate is described. Reverse titrations in the same order of dilution are also feasible. Oscillometric studies on the formation of soluble mercuric thiocyanate and of the sparingly soluble zinc tetracyanatomercuriate(l1) are in progress.
Audiospectrographic Analysis of Sounds of Hemiptera and Homoptera

Audiospectrographs of sounds of 11 species of Hemiptera from the families Cydnidae, Pentatomidae, Reduviidae, Phymatidae, and Corixidae, and 13 species of Homoptera from the families Cercopidae, Cicadellidae, Membracidae, and Fulgoridae are presented and discussed. These sounds can be grouped as common sounds, courtship sounds, or disturbance sounds, depending on the circumstances under which they are produced. Hemiptera produce noises by moving a movable scraper over a stationary file, while Homoptera produce noises by vibrating tergal abdominal timbals. Phymatids and reduviids appear to use fewer teeth per stridulation than the total number present on the file. Also, three different patterns of head movement associated with sound production are found among the five subfamilies of Reduviidae recorded. In general, sounds produced by Hemiptera are much more uniform than the irregular series of ticks and trills produced by Homoptera. No positive evidence of function for any of these sounds has yet been presented, although many authors have linked sound production and courtship in several families of Hemiptera and Homoptera. Because they are such soft sounds, it is not likely that they function as the primary mechanism of species congregation as is the case in loud-singing insects, but rather that they function at a secondary level after congregation has occured in response to other stimuli. These soft noises probably arose in conjunction with moving visual cues in the courtship behavior of Hemiptera and Homoptera, and became functional in disturbance situations only after they became relatively intense. Species which occur in the same sound environment produce sounds which differ primarily in number of tooth-strikes or timbal-vibrations per pulse, in timbalvibration rate, in number of pulses per phrase, and in pulse rate. Special equipment has been constructed to reduce background noise and to amplify the soft sounds produced by these animals while observing them at the same time. Changes made in the tape recorder circuits and a transistor amplifier designed especially for recording soft sounds between 0.3 and 12 kcps. are described. The next logical step to be taken in the analysis of these sounds is to establish a predictable response to some naturally produced sounds, and then to proceed to analyze experimentally its function and its means of transmission and reception.
Clinical and acquired immunologic responses to West Nile virus infection of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

ABSTRACT Numerous bird species are highly susceptible to North American strains of West Nile virus (WNV), and although domestic chickens are relatively resistant to WNV-associated disease, this species currently represents the most practical avian model for immune responses to WNV infection. Knowledge of the immunomodulation of susceptibility to WNV in birds is important for understanding taxonomic differences in infection outcomes. While focusing on immunophenotyping of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD45+ lymphocyte subpopulations, we compared lymphocyte subpopulations, blood chemistries, cloacal temperatures, IgM and IgG antibody titers, and differential whole-blood cell counts of WNV-infected and uninfected hens. Total blood calcium and lymphocyte numbers were lower in WNV-infected chickens compared with uninfected chickens. The heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio increased over time from 2 to 22 d postinoculation (DPI) in uninfected chickens and from 2 to 8 DPI in WNV-infected chickens, although levels declined from 8 to 22 DPI in the latter group. No significant differences were found in the remaining immunological and hematological variables of the WNV-infected and uninfected groups. Our results reaffirm that chickens are resistant to WNV infection, and demonstrated that the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio differed between groups, allowing for sorting of infection status. Similar patterns in immune responses over time in both infected and uninfected hens may be related to age (i.e., 10 wk) and associated immune development.
Retrieval of color producing agents in Case 2 waters using Landsat 8

Abstract New approaches need to be considered to solve the current high demand for color producing agent (CPA) retrievals over inland and coastal waters (Case 2 waters). Traditional retrieval algorithms are known to fail over highly turbid Case 2 waters because they were developed specifically for the open ocean (Case 1 waters). Landsat 8 provides an improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a new spectral coastal aerosol band in the blue. This additional information provides means to tackle this retrieval endeavor. A look-up-table (LUT) and spectrum-matching methodology was implemented to simultaneously retrieve CPAs, taking advantage of Landsat 8's new features. A LUT of spectral remote-sensing reflectances (Rrs) with different concentrations of CPAs was produced using the in-water radiative transfer model HydroLight. A model-based empirical line method (MoB-ELM) algorithm was developed to atmospherically correct the Landsat 8 imagery and allow direct comparison with the LUT of Rrs. This MoB-ELM atmospheric correction algorithm uses pseudo-invariant features (PIFs) from the image, ground-truth data and the HydroLight model. The retrieval algorithm was applied over three Landsat 8 scenes and shows a normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE) of about 14% for chlorophyll-a, 11% for total suspended solids (TSS), and 7% for colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) when compared with ground-truth data. The CPA concentration maps exhibit expected trends of low concentrations in clear water and higher concentrations in turbid water. These results demonstrate that the developed algorithm allows the simultaneous mapping of concentration of all CPAs in Case 2 waters and over areas where the traditional algorithms fail or are not available due to spatial resolution. Therefore, this study shows that the Landsat 8 satellite can be utilized over Case 2 waters as long as a careful atmospheric correction is applied.
SiC RF Antennas for In Vivo Glucose Monitoring and WiFi Applications

Abstract Approved continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems require the insertion of a needle-like device inside the body that lasts up to 7 days and also requires several finger prick calibrations per day. This chapter describes an alternative for CGM systems based on the remote sensing of glucose-related changes in an implanted SiC-based antenna sensor. Earlier we demonstrated that a 4H–SiC-based antenna operating at 10 GHz will experience a shift in resonant frequency as a function of change in glucose levels. A shift of 97 and 67 kHz per 1 mg/dL change in blood glucose was observed in blood-mimicking liquid and pig blood, respectively. The antenna has now been redesigned for the industrial, scientific, and medical radio band, suitable for medical applications, and tested in a platform design composed of two additional antennas to enable remote sensing. This radio frequency identification approach does not require contact with patient interstitial fluid, thus solving the short time of use issue with present day implantable CGM sensors. The correlation between the external reflected signals with the variations of shift of the parameters of the implanted antenna are recorded and analyzed to determine patient glucose level in real time.
Analysis of Influencing Factors on Electromagnetic Environment under 500kV EHV Transmission Lines with Prevention Strategies

Based on the charge equivalent method,this paper investigates the effects of the factors influencing electromagnetic environment under 500kV EHV transmission lines,such as the height of transmission lines,arrangement of phase sequence of double circuit transmission line,equivalent radius,arrangement of single circuit transmission line,and distance among phase lines,etc.This paper also offers some strategies of active prevention and passive prevention of electromagnetic environment.
Haploidentical Transplantation With Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide Following Reduced-Intensity Conditioning for Osteopetrosis: Outcomes in Three Children

Haploidentical transplantation with post-transplant cyclophosphamide following reduced-intensity conditioning for osteopetrosis: outcomes in three children
Evaluating Diabetes Educational Interventions With a Skill Development Component in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes A Systematic Review Focusing on Quality of Life

PurposeAdolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) may have reduced quality of life (QOL) when compared with their peers. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of diabetes self-management education (DSME) interventions with a skills development component on the QOL of adolescents with T1DM.MethodsSix databases were systematically searched for studies on the QOL outcomes of DSME interventions for adolescents with T1DM. Fourteen studies published between 1994 and 2014 met the inclusion criteria.ResultsOf the 14 studies, only 4 had significant QOL outcomes for the intervention participants. Successful DSME interventions had indirect behavioral skills foci or a combination of indirect and direct behavioral skills foci and a duration ≥2 months.ConclusionThis review provides evidence that educational interventions with an indirect behavioral skills development that facilitates diabetes management may improve QOL among adolescents with T1DM. Structured interventions targeting adolescents’ QOL a...
Compound-Schedules Approaches to Noncompliance: Teaching Children When to Ask and When to Work

Researchers have demonstrated for practitioners how to use multiple-schedules preparations to thin initially dense schedules of reinforcement during functional communication training, without sacrificing benefits associated with dense schedules of reinforcement for manding. However, special considerations may be required for practitioners to successfully apply this strategy to noncompliance. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether multiple-schedules preparations could maintain contextually prescribed compliance and manding during interventions for noncompliance. For one participant, a multiple-schedules intervention was sufficient to establish socially valid outcomes. For the other, chained-schedules modifications were required before compliance emerged in relevant components.
The Doctor Versus the Internet: Effects of Low-, Medium-, and High-Quality Websites on Intentions to Follow the Doctor's Advice.

ABSTRACTHow do patients respond when advice on health websites differs from advice given by a doctor? To test effects of advice concordance, 418 participants 25–80 years old were randomly assigned to read real websites that varied in quality of information about diabetes: high (medically accurate and complete), medium (accurate but incomplete), and low (inaccurate). The control group read travel sites. Participants then watched a video of a physician making treatment recommendations for a diabetic patient, and indicated how they would respond if they were the patient. There was no direct effect of condition on ratings of doctor credibility or intentions to adhere to the treatment plan, but there was an indirect effect: Those who read high-quality websites gave higher ratings of doctor–website concordance, which predicted greater confidence in the doctor’s recommendations, which in turn predicted greater intention to comply.
Hearing Impairment and Undiagnosed Disease: The Potential Role of Clinical Recommendations.

Purpose The objective of this study was to use cross-sectional, nationally representative data to examine the relationship between self-reported hearing impairment and undetected diabetes, hyperten...
Downlink Performance Analysis of Cellular-Based IoT Network with Energy Harvesting Receivers

This paper studies the downlink performance of a cellular-based internet-of-things (IoT) network where the receiving devices are solely powered by energy harvested from the ambient radio frequency (RF). Assuming that the cellular network is the only source of RF energy, we consider a time-division based approach for power and information transfer where each time slot is partitioned into two sub-lots: (i) charging sub-slot during which the base stations (BSs) act as chargers for the devices, and (ii) information sub-slot in which the devices receive information using energy harvested during the charging sub-slot. Modeling the BS locations as a Poisson Point Process (PPP), we study a new composite outage probability metric that considers the joint effect of outages due to insufficient energy harvested during the charging sub-slot and low signal quality in the information sub-slot. Using this metric, we concretely demonstrate the existence of an optimum downlink time slot division between charging and information transmission that maximizes the average downlink throughput for a given user.
The Effect of dead-timeless silicon strip readout at CDF II

The Run IIa CDF Silicon Upgrade has recently finished installation. The detector uses revision D of the SVX3 readout IC. This final revision incorporated new features in order to improve the potential of dead-timeless operation. This paper describes measurements of dead-timeless effects on silicon strip readout on the test bench. This paper also describes tests of the dynamic pedestal subtraction circuitry, which is shown to improve greatly the dead-timeless performance of the silicon systems.
Is the European Union Secular? Christian Democracy in the European treaties and jurisprudence

This paper develops a theoretical framework for understanding the way in which the relations between politics and religion are structured institutionally at the level of the European Union. The argument advanced is that, although it is common to assume that European institutions provide a bulwark for the protection of ‘secularism’ and ‘laicite’, a more adequate category for describing the way in which these relations are structured within the framework of the European Union as it exists today is offered by an ideal-typical notion of ‘Christian Democracy’. In order to substantiate this thesis, the paper focuses on the discussion of a number of concrete features of the institutional structure of the European Union that do not fit with traditional definitions of secularism and laicite, but resonate with the way in which the notion of ‘Christian Democracy’ was theorized in the work of some of its most representative exponents, such as Luigi Sturzo, Alcide De Gasperi and Jacques Maritain.
miR-30e* is overexpressed in prostate cancer and promotes NF-κB-mediated proliferation and tumor growth.

// Shawn M. Egan 1 , Ellen Karasik 2 , Leigh Ellis 3 and Sandra O. Gollnick 4 1 Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA 2 Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA 3 Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA 4 Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA Correspondence to: Sandra O. Gollnick, email: Sandra.gollnick@roswellpark.org Keywords: NF-κB, microRNA, prostate cancer, cyclin D1 Received: December 30, 2015 Accepted: June 02, 2017 Published: June 28, 2017 ABSTRACT According to the CDC prostate cancer (CaP) has the highest incidence and second highest mortality rate amongst cancers in American men. Constitutive NF-κB activation is a hallmark of CaP and this pathway drives many pro-tumorigenic characteristics of CaP cells, including cell proliferation and survival. An activated NF-κB gene signature is predictive of CaP progression and biochemical recurrence following therapeutic intervention. However, the mechanisms that perpetuate NF-κB activation are incompletely understood. Genes that control NF-κB activity are rarely mutated in CaP suggesting that epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to constitutive NF-κB activation. microRNAs (miRs) epigenetically regulate many genes involved with NF-κB activation. IκBα is a direct inhibitor of NF-κB; it binds to and sequesters NF-κB in the cytoplasm resulting in functional inhibition. IκBα is a target gene of miR-30e* yet the expression and oncological impact of miR-30e* in CaP is unknown. We report that miR-30e* expression is elevated in multiple murine models of CaP and is most pronounced in late stage disease. miR-30e* drives CaP proliferation and tumor growth through inhibition of IκBα, which results in chronic activation of NF-κB. Additionally, we show that inhibition of miR-30e* improves chemotherapeutic control of CaP. Thus, miR-30e* may prove to be a novel clinical target whose inhibition leads to decreased CaP cell proliferation and sensitization of CaP cells to chemotherapeutics.
Liberalismo Perfeccionista y Liberalismo Político. (Parte II)

In the first part of the article, the author discusses two types of liberalism from the thoughts of prominent philosophers. On the one hand, she analyzes the ideas of Isaiah Berlin and Joseph Raz as examples of perfectionist liberalism and, on the other hand, those of John Rawls and Charles Larmore as examples of political liberalism. He then discusses the notion of comprehensive doctrines in John Rawls’s oeuvre, for from Nussbaum´s perspective, the construction of this notion brings Rawls close to a variant of perfectionist liberalism that he himself would try to avoid. That is why Nussbaum’s proposal is to restore a notion of comprehensive doctrines simply understood as those kinds of doctrines to which reasonable citizens adhere.
Human Capital and Entrepreneurial Performance under Different Information Conditions

Researchers have long been interested in how prior experience and human capital investments shape entrepreneurial outcomes. However, less is known about how these investments impact performance acr...
Social Behavior and Husbandry of the Fowl – an essay

Abstract. Changing environments causes changes in the relative fitness of individuals. Understanding behaviors and how they relate to husbandry is necessary in the production of the fowl. Most behaviors that have adaptive significance are inherited in a polygenic manner and behaviorists should not be surprised at consistent differences among individuals in responses to environmental factors because fhere are good reasons for expecting them. Just as consideration is no longer given to the nervous and endocrine Systems as separate entities, internal and externa! factors must be considered in behaviors. Behavior research must consider not only the responses of the individual and the population, but also developmental aspects. An understanding of the processes involved and application of this knowledge should be of value in development of husbandry Systems not only for the fowl but for all of animal agriculture.
‘Colour-evasiveness’ and racism without race: the disablement of asylum-seeking children at the edge of fortress Europe

This article explores discriminatory discourses articulated by Italian professionals operating in educational, health and social services for refugees in Rome, in relation to the educational and so...