cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Human neutrophils incorporate arachidonic acid and saturated fatty acids into separate molecular species of phospholipids

Abstract The incorporation of radiolabeled arachidonic acid and saturated fatty acids into choline-linked phospho-glycerides (PC) of rabbit and human neutrophils was investigated by resolving the individual molecular species by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. PC from neutrophils incubated with a mixture of [ 3 H] arachidonic acid and [ 14 Cjstearic or [ 14 C]palmitic acid contains both radiolabeis; however, double labeling of individual molecular species is minimal. After labeling for 2 h, the [ 3 H]arachidonate is distributed almost equally between diacyi and 1- O - alkyl -2- acyl species, but it is incorporated into diacyi species containing unlabeled stearate or palmitate at the sn -1 position. In contrast, labeled saturated fatty acids are incorporated only into diacyl species and contain predominantly oleate and linoleate at the sn -2 position. Labeled linoleate is not incorporated into ether-linked species, but is found in the same species as labeled stearate. The findings suggest that mechanisms exist in neutrophils for specific shunting of exogenous arachidonic acid into certain phospholipid molecular species and support the concept that the 1- O - alkyl -2- arachidonoyl species may be a functionally segregated pool of arachidonic acid within the PC of neutrophils.
Sparse spectrum model for the turbulent phase simulations

Monte-Carlo simulation of phase front perturbations by atmospheric turbulence finds numerous applications for design and modeling of the adaptive optics systems, laser beams propagation simulations, and evaluating the performance of the various optical systems operating in the open air environment. Accurate generation of two-dimensional random fields of turbulent phase is complicated by the enormous diversity of scales that can reach five orders in magnitude in each coordinate. In addition there is a need for generation of the long “ribbons” of turbulent phase that are used to represent the time evolution of the wave front. This makes it unfeasible to use the standard discrete Fourier transform-based technique as a basis for the Monte-Carlo simulation algorithm. We propose a novel concept for turbulent phase – the Sparse Spectrum (SS) random field. The principle assumption of the SS model is that each realization of the random field has a discrete random spectral support. Statistics of the random amplitudes and wave vectors of the SS model are arranged to provide the required spectral and correlation properties of the random field. The SS-based Monte-Carlo model offers substantial reduction of computer costs for simulation of the wide-band random fields and processes, and is capable of generating long aperiodic phase “ribbons”. We report the results of model trials that determine the number of sparse components, and the range of wavenumbers that is necessary to accurately reproduce the random field with a power-law spectrum.
Observations on the mechanism of reduction of sulfones to sulfides

The ease of reduction of sulfones to sulfides by treatment with LiAlH4 has been observed to be highly dependent on the structure of the sulfone.' Thus, four and five-membered cyclic sulfones are rapidly reduced to the corresponding sulfides with LiAlH4 in ether at 35'C. On the other hand, six-membered cyclic sulfones and open chain sulfones require much more vigorous conditions. In a classic experiment Whitney and Cram showed that reduction of optically active 2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene-2-d, -l,l-dioxide with LiA1H4 leads to the corresponding sulfide with neither loss of deuterium nor optical activity.2 Thus reduction of five-membered cyclic sulfones does not involve formation of a carbanion alpha to the sulfone group, and therefore probably occurs by nucleophilit attack of coordinated hydride on sulfur leading to displacement of oxygen as the critical step. As expected, we find that reduction of thiacyclopentane-2,2,5,5-d4-l,ldioxide3 with LiAlH4 in ether yields the corresponding thiacyclopentane-2,2,5,5d4 in virtually quantitatlve yield.4
A sylvester-equation based parametric approach for minimum norm and robust Partial Quadratic Eigenvalue Assignment Problems

The Partial Quadratic Eigenvalue Assignment Problem is the problem of reassigning a small number of undesirable eigenvalues of a quadratic matrix pencil using feedback. The problem arises in controlling resonance in vibrating structures and also in stabilizing control systems. The solution involves the computation of a pair of feedback matrices. For practical effectiveness, the magnitudes of the feedback norms need to be reduced and the conditioning of the closed-loop eigenvalues needs to be improved. In this paper, we propose new optimization methods for solving these problems. An important practical aspect of these methods is that the gradient formulas needed to solve the underlying unconstrained optimization problems are computed using only a small number of eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the quadratic pencil, which are all that can be computed using the state-of-the-art computational techniques.
Cooperative spontaneous emission of N atoms: Many-body eigenstates, the effect of virtual Lamb shift processes, and analogy with radiation of N classical oscillators

We consider collective emission of a single photon from a cloud of $N$ two-level atoms (one excited, $N\ensuremath{-}1$ ground state). For a dense cloud the problem is reduced to finding eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of an integral equation. We discuss an exact analytical solution of this many-atom problem for a spherically symmetric atomic cloud. Some eigenstates decay much faster then the single atom decay rate, while the others undergo very slow decay. We show that virtual processes yield a small effect on the evolution of rapidly decaying states. However, they change the long time dynamics from exponential decay into a power-law behavior which can be observed experimentally. For trapped states virtual processes are much more important yielding additional decay channels which results in a slow decay of the otherwise trapped states. We also show that quantum mechanical treatment of spontaneous emission of weakly excited atomic ensemble is analogous to emission of $N$ classical harmonic oscillators.
Logarithmic Sobolev inequalities and hypercontractive estimates on the circle

Abstract A logarithmic Sobolev inequality, analogous to Gross' inequality, is proved on the circle. From this inequality it follows that the Poisson and heat semigroups on the circle satisfy Nelson's hypercontractive estimates.
Dosimetry: New approaches

Abstract New and improved high-dose dosimetry systems and applications have been introduced for beam mapping, radiation damage studies and processing applications. These include: Better reference and transfer standards; more accurate calorimeters; alanine (ESR analysis) with greater precision and wider dose ranges; several solid polymeric dosimeters, including new Nylon, GafChromicTM, and other plastic films. The latter are commercially available in large quantities and are relatively inexpensive for use over the absorbed dose ranges encountered in radiation processing (101 − 105 Gy). Some are especially useful for dose monitoring in particle beams incident in heterogeneous absorbers and at interfaces where high-resolution, two- and three-dimensional imaging of dose distributions is required. Others are used for routine radiation damage detection, as visual indicators.
Pump Fluctuations and Their Effect on Cyclone Performance

Research has been carried out to characterize personal sampling pump pulsations and their effect on the performance of the 10 mm nylon cyclone. The fluctuation about mean flows equal to 1.2 L/min and 2.0 L/min of four each of three commercially available pumps has been determined. Measurements were made both near the sampling head as well as at the sampling pump without load, since resonance of the air column between pump and sampler was found to alter the fluctuations significantly. The cyclone itself was characterized by measuring the aerodynamic diameter dependent penetration under purely harmonic flow conditions in terms of frequency and amplitude. This information is combined with Fourier analysed pump data in determining the expected effect of given pump characteristics on cyclone sampling of dust of specific size distribution.
The LRR and RING Domain Protein LRSAM1 Is an E3 Ligase Crucial for Ubiquitin-Dependent Autophagy of Intracellular Salmonella Typhimurium

Several species of pathogenic bacteria replicate within an intracellular vacuolar niche. Bacteria that escape into the cytosol are captured by the autophagic pathway and targeted for lysosomal degradation, representing a defense against bacterial exploitation of the host cytosol. Autophagic capture of Salmonella Typhimurium occurs predominantly via generation of a polyubiquitin signal around cytosolic bacteria, binding of adaptor proteins, and recruitment of autophagic machinery. However, the components mediating bacterial target selection and ubiquitination remain obscure. We identify LRSAM1 as the E3 ligase responsible for anti-Salmonella autophagy-associated ubiquitination. LRSAM1 localizes to several intracellular bacterial pathogens and generates the bacteria-associated ubiquitin signal; these functions require LRSAM1's leucine-rich repeat and RING domains, respectively. Using cells from LRSAM1-deficient individuals, we confirm that LRSAM1 is required for ubiquitination associated with intracellular bacteria but dispensable for ubiquitination of aggregated proteins. LRSAM1 is therefore a bacterial recognition protein and ubiquitin ligase that defends the cytoplasm from invasive pathogens.
Synergistic effects of BMP2 and Nell-1, with nanosilver for the healing of infected long bone defects

from 0 to 5,355 mg, mean 809 mg (Sd: 1025 mg). Mean LOS was 3.8 days (Sd: 3.0). Patients receiving a block were more likely to have insurance vs. none (56% vs. 29%, p 0.02) and surgery for reconstruction (73%) vs. trauma (44%) or infection (32%) (p 0.003). A shorter LOS (3.0 days) was found for patients receiving a nerve block vs none (4.6 days) (p 0.002). Nerve block remained a significant predictor of LOS, after controlling for age, injury severity, insurance status, surgery type, and comorbidities.
Physics with Tau Leptons at HERA

Recent results of analyses investigating the production of tau leptons in ep collisions at HERA are reviewed. In total, four different types of analyses are presented: the production of τ + τ − pairs, the production of single, isolated tau leptons in events with large missing transverse momentum (in addition to that resulting from the tau decay); plus two searches for specific new phenomena - for doubly charged Higgs bosons with subsequent decay H + + → e + τ + and for tau leptons produced in lepton flavor violating processes e p → τ X .
Brief training with co-speech gesture lends a hand to word learning in a foreign language

Recent research in psychology and neuroscience has demonstrated that co-speech gestures are semantically integrated with speech during language comprehension and development. The present study explored whether gestures also play a role in language learning in adults. In Experiment 1, we exposed adults to a brief training session presenting novel Japanese verbs with and without hand gestures. Three sets of memory tests (at five minutes, two days and one week) showed that the greatest word learning occurred when gestures conveyed redundant imagistic information to speech. Experiment 2 was a preliminary investigation into possible neural correlates for such learning. We exposed participants to similar training sessions over three days and then measured event-related potentials (ERPs) to words learned with and without co-speech gestures. The main finding was that words learned with gesture produced a larger Late Positive Complex (indexing recollection) in bi-lateral parietal sites than words learned without g...
Leadership Image‐Building: After Clinton and Watergate

Leadership images are built collectively by leaders and their relevantconstituencies—elected officials, the news media, and the public. The process of buildingleadership image rests on prior expectations about the leader, policy outputs, the course ofevents, and the disposition of political resources. In building images of leadership, each of thethree constituencies puts more weight on some aspects of image-building than on others: Thepublic sees the president primarily in terms of his previous behavior, the media view thepresident through the lens of immediate events, and other elected officials focus on politicalresources. One of the president's most important resources is his public image. It can helphim to maintain the loyalty of other officials, which in turn contributes to balanced newscoverage, even in times of crisis. President Clinton was able to preserve his public image throughthe impeachment debacle in large part because of low public expectations about his personalmoral behavior and satisfaction with his economic leadership. Conversely, President Nixon wasforced to resign because of high public expectations about his personal probity anddisappointment with his management of the economy.
Subsurface currents off Cape Hatteras

Abstract In October 1962, direct current measurements at depths of 800 m to 2500 m beneath the zone of swiftest surface currents near Cape Hatteras revealed a subsurface flow to the south. Analyses of temperature-salinity and dissolved oxygen distributions indicate that the immediate source of the southward flowing water was the region east of Cape Hatteras between the Gulf Stream and the Continental Slope. These measurements seem to affirm that continuity exists between the deep westward flow observed in the Slope Water Region by Volkmann and the southward flow east of Cape Romain, near 33°N, reported by Swallow and Worthington . The geostrophic volume transport of the southward flow was between 4 million and 12 million m3/sec. The surface of zero axial velocity was at a depth of about 500 m at the left side of the region of swift surface current (inshore), and deepened rapidly in the offshore direction.
Applicability of the independence principle to subsonic turbulent flow over a swept rearward-facing step

Prandtl (1946) has concluded that for yawed laminar incompressible flows the streamwise flow is independent of the spanwise flow. However, Ashkenas and Riddell (1955) have reported that for turbulent flow the 'independence principle' does not apply to yawed flat plates. On the other hand, it was also found that this principle may be applicable to many turbulent flows. As the sweep angle is increased, a sweep angle is reached which defines the interval over which the 'independence principle' is valid. The results obtained in the present investigation indicate the magnitude of the critical angle for subsonic turbulent flow over a swept rearward-facing step.
Fundamental system for biosensor characterization: application to surface plasmon resonance (SPR)

The aim of the described research is to develop a general system for characterizing and developing signal transduction systems for microbiosensors. The approach that we are using is applicable to signal transduction systems based on surface plasmon resonance, chemiluminescence, fluorescence, mass as well as other phenomena. The specific goal of our approach is to develop a general system that will allow for the systematic characterization of the effects of the affinity of the sensor specificity element for the target analyte, the effect of analyte mass on signal size and the general performance of the sensor system with respect to sensitivity and selectivity. At the same, time this system should allow for the characterization of the distribution of biospecificity elements on the sensor surface. We chose the anti-fluorescein monoclonal antibody approach for this development system, since the antigen fluorescein can be attached to many different molecules and organisms through free amine groups via reaction with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Also, well characterized monoclonal antibodies with a broad range of Kd values are available. We also describe rapid procedures for generating proteins for use in biosensor applications.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Gridding requirements for accurate finite difference simulation

Finite difference simulation in heterogeneous models is subject to two kinds of error. The first type results in frequencydependent grid dispersion. High order schemes successfully control this well-known dispersive error. The second error type stems from misalignment of grids and model parameter discontinuity surfaces. This error is of first order (proportional to the grid spacing or time step) and is insensitive to scheme order. The study reported here examined the influence of this second error type in modeling variable density acoustic wave propagation using staggered grid schemes. The examples suggest that the grid-interface misalignment error can be quite large. Achieving accurate simulation output for such models appears to require a far larger number of gridpoints per wavelength than common rules, derived from homogeneous medium analysis, suggest.
The Hard Rod Fluid in a Uniform Gravitational Field

Abstract The system of hard rods in an external, uniform gravitational field is studied and exact expressions obtained for the partition functions, and the one- and two-particle distributions. In principle all higher order distributions can be exactly expressed as finite sums and the Laplace transforms of the one-particle density and pressure for a semi-infinite system are reducible to single integrals. Limiting cases of weak field and small rod diameters are examined. In the former case, these results agree with Percus and Lebowitz's local density expansion. In the latter case, corrections to the barometric pressure and density laws are obtained. Finally some mathematical difficulties involved in the calculation of the virial expansion and distribution of roots of the grand partition function are mentioned.
Immunosuppressive dendritic and regulatory T cells are upregulated in melanoma patients.

Immunologic therapies for melanoma rarely succeed, suggesting a persistent counter-regulatory immune modulation. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and plasmacytoid subpopulations of dendritic cells (pDCs) inhibit the immune response. We hypothesize that melanoma upregulates Tregs and subpopulations of immunosuppressive dendritic cells (DCs). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from healthy controls, stage I and stage IV melanoma patients. Tregs were identified as CD4+ and CD25hi. Dendritic cells were identified using a DC cocktail of antibodies including CD11c+ myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and CD123+ pDCs. Serum transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Stage IV melanoma patients had a doubling of regulatory T cells compared to both normal subjects and stage I melanoma patients. There was a significantly higher number of DCs in all melanoma patients compared to normal subjects. Stage I melanoma patients had a significantly higher number of pDCs than normal subjects, and all melanoma patients had a higher concentration of mDCs than controls. Serum IL-4 and IL-10 were not detectable but serum TGF-β levels were significantly higher in stage I and stage IV melanoma patients compared to normal controls. Advanced melanoma is associated with increased numbers of circulating dendritic cells and regulatory T cells. These data suggest that melanoma induces immunosuppressive DCs and regulatory T cells in the systemic circulation.
Specialist and generalist herbivores exert opposing selection on a chemical defense.

Summary • Plant defense traits often show high levels of genetic variation, despite clear impacts on plant fitness. This variation may be partly maintained by trade-offs in the defense against multiple herbivore species, for example between generalists and coevolved specialists. Despite a long-standing discussion in the literature on the subject, no study to date has specifically manipulated specialist and generalist herbivores independently of one another to determine whether the two guilds exert opposing selection pressures on specific defensive traits. • In two separate experiments, the dominant specialist and generalist herbivores of Brassica nigra were independently manipulated to test whether the composition of the herbivore community altered the direction of selection on a major defensive trait of the plant, sinigrin concentration. • It was found that generalist damage was negatively correlated but specialist loads were positively correlated with increasing sinigrin concentrations; and sinigrin concentration was favored when specialists were removed, disfavored (past an intermediate point) when generalists were removed and selectively neutral when plants faced both generalists and specialists. These results suggest that specialist and generalist herbivores can exert opposing selection pressures on chemical defenses, and thus that changes in herbivore community composition can alter the net selective value of defensive traits.
GIS in seismic evaluation of essential facilities

: This research used PC ARC/INFO, a geographic information system (GIS), to assess the potential seismic vulnerability of essential facilities in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee. The GIS is a powerful tool for spatial operations. It offers a link between spatial data in a computerized map form and related nonspatial attribute files. It has the ability to overlay, compare, and analyze several maps in digital form with speed and efficiency. In order to assess the potential vulnerability of essential facilities, evaluation criteria with rational weighting (including soil type, liquefaction potential, slope, foundation, structural conditions, and important elements of bridges such as detour length and average daily traffic) were identified. This research proved that GIS is a reliable and efficient tool for vulnerability assessment of essential facilities in an earthquake-prone area. The GIS is convenient and productive in data management. It is easy to produce special-purpose maps at selected scale and tabular analysis reports in desired format. Results of the study are important for future facility maintenance and improvement and earthquake preparedness /response planning.
Third generation photovoltaics based on multiple exciton generation in quantum confined semiconductors.

Improving the primary photoconversion process in a photovoltaiccell by utilizing the excess energy that is otherwise lost as heat can lead to an increase in the overall power conversion efficiency (PCE). Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) with at least one dimension small enough to produce quantum confinement effects provide new ways of controlling energy flow not achievable in thin film or bulk semiconductors. Researchers have developed various strategies to incorporate these novel structures into suitable solar conversion systems. Some of these methods could increase the PCE past the Shockley–Queisser (SQ) limit of ∼33%, making them viable “third generation photovoltaic” (TGPV) cell architectures. Surpassing the SQ limit for single junction solar cells presents both a scientific and a technological challenge, and the use of semiconductor NCs to enhance the primary photoconversion process offers a promising potential solution.The NCs are synthesized via solution phase chemical reactions prod-ucing stable c...
Oral creatine supplementation enhances upper extremity work capacity in persons with cervical-level spinal cord injury.

Abstract Jacobs PL, Mahoney ET, Cohn KA, Sheradsky LF, Green BA. Oral creatine supplementation enhances upper extremity work capacity in persons with cervical-level spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:19-23. Objective: To examine the effects of short-term creatine monohydrate supplementation on the upper extremity work capacity of persons with cervical-level spinal cord injury (SCI). Design: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design study. Consists of 2 treatment phases lasting for 7 days, separated by a 21-day washout period. Setting: University research laboratory trial. Participants: Sixteen men with complete cervical-level SCI (C5-7). Intervention: Subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups and received either 20g/d of creatine monohydrate supplement powder or placebo maltodextrin powder for the first treatment phase; the treatment was reversed in the second phase. Incremental peak arm ergometry tests, using 2-minute work stages and 1-minute recovery periods, were performed immediately before and after each treatment phase (total of 4 assessments). The initial stage was performed unloaded, with power output progressively increased 10 watts/stage until subjects had achieved volitional exhaustion. Main Outcome Measures: Peak power output, time to fatigue, heart rate, and metabolic measurements, including oxygen uptake (VO 2 ), minute ventilation, tidal volume (V T ), and respiration frequency. Results: Significantly greater values of VO 2 , VCO 2 , and V T at peak effort after creatine supplementation ( P Conclusions: Creatine supplementation enhances the exercise capacity in persons with complete cervical-level SCI and may promote greater exercise training benefits. © 2002 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Differential expression of ErbB3 and ErbB4 neuregulin receptors in dopamine neurons and forebrain areas of the adult rat.

Neuregulins have been shown to play an important role in the development of the central nervous system, but their function in adult tissues is still unclear. We investigated the expression of the neuregulin receptors erbB3 and erbB4 in the adult rat brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry. Areas with considerable expression of erbB4 receptor mRNA include cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, medial habenula, reticular thalamic nucleus, several hypothalamic nuclei, subthalamic nucleus, substantia nigra pars compacta, and ventral tegmental area. Immunostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine depletion by 6-hydroxydopamine indicate that erbB4 is expressed in dopamine neurons in the latter two nuclei. Substantial erbB4 expression is also present in clusters of cells along the ventral and medial border of the striatum/nucleus accumbens and in the subependymal zone along the lateral and olfactory ventricles (rostral migratory stream), suggesting a role for neuregulins in adult cell proliferation. In contrast, erbB3 mRNA is mostly expressed in white matter throughout the brain and in the ependyma of the ventral half of the third ventricle (tanycytes). These results demonstrate that expression of erbB3 and erbB4 receptors is widespread in the adult rat brain and suggest a function for neuregulins into adulthood.
Optical fiber beamformer for processing two independent simultaneous RF beams

We propose a novel architecture for an optical programmable dispersion matrix (PDM) able to process simultaneous independent RF beams. The proposal is demonstrated by processing the transmission of two independent RF signals in two-channels with a resolution of 3-bit. The optical beamformer processes two independent RF-beams, for eight different angular directions, and it is based on a binary array of three delay lines. Each delay line is composed of four fiber Bragg gratings whose center wavelengths are channels 30 to 33 of the ITU grid. Beampatterns are characterized in transmit mode for two simultaneous RF beams in 0.6-1.5 GHz frequency range and azimuth angles from 0° to 70°.
The Effects of Gas Composition and Pressure on RF Plasma Sintering of MgO

Rapid densification of MgO in an rf plasma without sintering aids is demonstrated. The sintered densities of MgO are sensitive to the plasma composition and gas pressure. In general, specimens are sintered to higher densities in Ar/O2 and Ar/H2O plasmas than in pure Ar plasmas. This may be explained by the effects of plasma enthalpy and surface recombination of charged particles and of atomic species. Analyses show that the evolution of the microstructures of the sintered specimens remains similar, regardless of the plasma conditions. No substantial grain growth is observed.
Financial management knowledge of the low-income population: Characteristics and needs

While financial management programs for the low-income population have developed in recent years, little is known about financial knowledge levels of participants in these programs. This study examines pre-training financial knowledge and related participant characteristics among participants in one large financial management training program for low-income people. Results indicate that knowledge deficiencies exist on basic financial management issues, especially with respect to public and work-related benefits and savings and investing. Results from regression analyses also indicate that participants' education, English proficiency, race/ethnicity and banking experience are among the factors associated with financial knowledge levels. Policy and practice implications for developing effective financial management training for low-income audiences are discussed.
Surgical approaches to the pituitary gland, with emphasis on the transseptal route

There are many different surgical approaches to the pituitary gland. The earliest approach was intracranial. Extracranial methods (transsphenoidal) then became briefly popular but were subsequently dropped in favor of a return to intracranial methods. Now extracranial approaches have definitely returned to favor, and the reasons for this interesting evolution are discussed. The various techniques are also described. The authors prefer the transseptal-transsphenoidal variation of the extracranial approach and explain the advantages.
The CIC metadata portal: A collaborative effort in the area of digital libraries

ABSTRACT The CIC consortium includes 12 major Midwestern Universities. Their libraries have decided to share the cost of a joint project (2003-2006) aimed at better understanding the mechanisms by which emerging technologies and standards can facilitate metadata sharing and the creation of value-added services for their users. The CIC metadata portal project has performed advanced work in the area of Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting, collection-level descriptions, metadata transformation and enrichment, and practices and usability of metadata standards. It has provided an opportunity for increased collaboration between CIC academic libraries and a way to highlight the wealth of digital resources held by the participating libraries. This article describes the project and enumerates project accomplishments. The project has helped to better the way in which partner institutions share information about digital content and provide access to digital resources. Four content providers of ...
Omphalocele and gastroschisis: an 18-year review study.

Purpose: Using data from a single University Genetics Division practice, the authors sought to determine if gastroschisis is increasing in occurrence compared to omphalocele. Associated abnormalities were also examined. In addition, prenatal exposure to teratogens and other parameters were compared. Methods: All fetal and infant cases of omphalocele and gastroschisis seen in the University of South Florida Division of Genetics between January 2, 1982 and December 31, 1999 were retrieved through the database and analyzed through chart review. Results: There were 127 cases of omphalocele and 121 cases of gastroschisis. Ninety-three of the 127 probands with omphalocele had karyotype determinations and 20% were abnormal; for gastroschisis, 37 had cytogenetic studies and none had chromosomal anomalies. Seventy-six percent of the probands with omphalocele had associated abnormalities; twenty-three percent of the probands with gastroschisis, none of which were syndromic, had associated anomalies. The prematurity rate for omphalocele was 42% and mortality was 22%; for gastroschisis, the figures were 57% and 9%, respectively. There were no significant differences in teratogen exposure between the two groups. Familial cases of both defects occurred in < 4%, and the prevalence of dizygous twinning was increased in both groups. Mean maternal age was 21.8 years for the gastroschisis group, 27.2 years for the omphalocele group. Conclusions: In this study, the number of cases of omphalocele and gastroschisis were similar, compared to the expected 3:2 ratio, suggesting an increase in the occurrence of gastroschisis. Cases with omphalocele had more syndromic and nonsyndromic anomalies, more chromosomal anomalies, a higher mortality rate, and older mothers.
The relation of a particular chromosomal element to the development of the nucleoli in Zea mays

1. The nucleolus is organized in the telophase through the activity of a distinct deep-staining body having a definite position in one chromosome (the satellited chromosome) of the monoploid complement. Correlated with the number of satellited chromosomes present, the telophases of somatic tissue of haploids show one nucleolus, diploids, two nucleoli and triploids, three nucleoli. That the nucleolus develops through the activity of this body (refered to as the nucleolar-organizing body or element) was obtained from a reciprocal translocation which broke this body into two parts. Both interchanged chromosomes possessed a section. Nucleoli developed from each of these two segments. Thus, plants homozygous for the interchange developed four nucleoli in their somatic telophases; plants heterozygous for the interchange developed three nucleoli in their somatic telophases. Similarly, the telophase nucleoli resulting from the first division within the monoploid microspore of normal diploids show only one nucleolus, whereas, those of plants homozygous for the interchange are characterized by the development of two nucleoli. 2. The functional capacity to develop a nucleolus is not the same for both segments of the severed nucleolar-organizing body. This is evident when the two interchanged chromosomes are present in the same nucleus. The segment of the nucleolar-organizing body possessed by one interchanged chromosome produced a large nucleolus, whereas, the segment of the nucleolar-organizing body possessed by the other interchanged chromosome produced a small nucleolus. When this latter chromosome, with the nucleolar-organizing element of slower rate of functional capacity is present without the former (i. e. without a competing nucleolarorganizing element) it produces, in contrast, a large nucleolus. 3. The activity of the nucleolar-organizing element is hindered by certain genomic deficiencies. When this occurs, many small nucleolarlike bodies are produced and remain associated with the other chromosomes of the complement. These small nucleoli appear to develop from a swelling and later collection into droplets of the matrix substance of the chromosome.
A new asymptotic distribution for Hollander's bivariate symmetry statistic

Abstract We show that the asymptotic distribution (Koziol, 1979, Commun. Statist.-Theor. Methods A8, 207–221) of the bivariate symmetry statistic standardized by 1/n3, where n is the number of iid paired observations from bivariate distribution F, fails to account for the conditional nature of the statistic and is very conservative for all n. We describe the dependence of the true critical values of the test on the covariance of the paired samples, σxy, which is a nuisance parameter in this problem. We propose an alternative standardization of the bivariate symmetry statistic that adjusts it for σxy as well as n. We show via a simulation study that the size of the proposed asymptotic test is close to the nominal level, even for small n.
Polyaniline: a new concept in conducting polymers

Abstract The analytically pure base form of polyaniline, , corresponding to the emeraldine oxidation state is converted from an insulator (σ 10 −10 S/cm) to a metal (σ 5 S/cm) by treatment with 1M aqueous HCl to form the corresponding salt, emeraldine hydrochloride, . This involves a new type of doping of a conducting polymer in that the number of electrons associated with the polymer undergoes no change during the protonic acid doping process. The metallic emeraldine hydrochloride is believed to be a delocalized poly(semiquinone radical cation) having a polaron conduction band, with most of the positive charge residing on the nitrogen atoms. It exhibits a finite density of states at the Fermi energy.
Notes for a Critical Personality Psychology: Making Room under the Critical Psychology Umbrella

Inspired by the liberation psychologist Martin-Baro who provocatively defined personality as that of which individuals can be robbed in conditions of social injustice and research psychologists in training whose appreciation of the possibilities of personality psychology has been limited by the dominance of trait approaches, this paper claims that we need and can practice a critical personality psychology. Conceptual and methodological tools for such an enterprise are identified in two arenas of current research: the study of narratives and new forms of history in personality psychology. Within critical personality psychology, personality is understood to be an expression of (i) a multifaceted organization that includes individual, interpersonal, social, cultural, and political contexts; (ii) individual and social change; and (iii) the moral dimensions of human psychology. Notes on future directions draw on areas of inquiry within and outside personality psychology to insure a place under the critical psychology umbrella.
Long-path differential absorption measurements of tropospheric molecules

The measurement of the important atmospheric molecules O3, NO2, CH2O, H2O, NO3, and HONO can be measured using long path differential absorption spectroscopy. The experiment is located at the Fritz Peak Observatory, 17 km west of Boulder, Colorado. This site permits both the measurement of clean continental air during times of westerly air flow, as well as polluted urban air during easterly up-slope episodes. The spectrograph used in this study is a low resolution double crossed Czerny-Turner, with a well matched receiving telescope. This spectrograph uses a 1 x 1024 element Reticon diode array detector to measure the molecular absorption spectra of these molecules in 40 nm bands in the near ultraviolet-visible region. The total optical path for this experiment is 20.6 km, and the path is folded by a 121 element retroreflector array thereby allowing the light source and spectrograph to be in the same location. Deduction of atmospheric concentrations these molecules over this path is accomplished by using a least squares procedure that employs the method of singular-value decomposition.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Anorexia nervosa "restricters" who purge: implications for subtyping anorexia nervosa.

It has not been clear from earlier studies whether it is binge eating per se or the compensatory behaviors frequently associated with binge eating (i.e., self-induced vomiting and/or laxative abuse) that provide the most relevant marker for subclassifying anorexia nervosa. The current study addressed this question by comparing the clinical and psychological features of three groups of anorexia nervosa patients: "pure restricting" patients who do not binge (by definition) and who also do not purge (AN-R, N = 116); "restricting-purging" patients who engage in purging behavior (AN-RP, N = 74); and anorexia nervosa "bulimics" who binge eat as defined in earlier studies (AN-B, N = 190). While all three groups displayed similar levels of psychological disturbance on many variables, the overall pattern of findings indicates that the AN-RP group displays significantly more psychopathology than the AN-R group and their profile of disturbance is very similar to that observed with the AN-B group. Thus, anorexia nervosa patients who purge, regardless of whether or not they report objective binge episodes, may be meaningfully distinguished from nonpurging patients. These results, combined with the medical risks associated with purging behaviors and the formidable problems associated with the definition of binge eating, support a sub-typing system for anorexia nervosa based on the presence or absence of purging rather than binge eating.
Interleukin-1 stimulates catabolism in C2C12 myotubes

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an inflammatory cytokine that has been linked to muscle catabolism, a process regulated by muscle-specific E3 proteins of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. To address cellular mechanism, we tested the hypothesis that IL-1 induces myofibrillar protein loss by acting directly on muscle to increase expression of two critical E3 proteins, atrogin1/muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and muscle RING-finger 1 (MuRF1). Experiments were conducted using mature C2C12 myotubes to eliminate systemic cytokine effects and avoid paracrine signaling by nonmuscle cell types. Time-course protocols were used to define the sequence of cellular responses. We found that atrogin1/MAFbx mRNA and MuRF1 mRNA are elevated 60–120 min after myotube exposure to either IL-1α or IL-1β. These responses are preceded by signaling events that promote E3 expression. Both IL-1 isoforms stimulate phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and stimulate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling; I-κB levels fall and NF-κB DNA binding activity increases. Other regulators of E3 expression are unaffected by IL-1 [cytosolic oxidant activity, Forkhead-O (Foxo) activity] or respond paradoxically (AKT). Chronic exposure of C2C12 myotubes over 48 h resulted in reduced myotube width and loss of sarcomeric actin. We conclude that IL-1α and IL-1β act via an oxidant- and AKT/Foxo-independent mechanism to activate p38 MAPK, stimulate NF-κB signaling, increase expression of atrogin1/MAFbx and MuRF1, and reduce myofibrillar protein in differentiated myotubes.
Extraction of base and emitter series resistances from the net transadmittance parameter

We report a new high-frequency technique for extracting base and emitter resistances (R/sub bb/ and R/sub e/, respectively) of a bipolar junction transistor. We highlight, for the first time, the physical significance of the net transadmittance parameter (y/sub 12/-y/sub 21/) as a figure of merit for the transistor's intrinsic performance. We report that while Real(y/sub 12/-y/sub 21/) increases monotonically with frequency, Imag(y/sub 12/-y/sub 21/) exhibits a peak in the GHz range. This peak is attributed to competition between the obstruction of signals as a result of the base-collector capacitance, and the shunt path to ground. We have proven, both theoretically and experimentally, that -1/Real(y/sub 12/-y/sub 21/) is linearly proportional to /spl omega//sup 2/ with a y-intercept of 1/g/sub m/+R/sub e/+R/sub bb///spl beta//sub dc/. By combining this result with the Basaran-Berroth method, individual values of R/sub e/ and R/sub bb/ are extracted and plotted as a function of V/sub be/. Data from transistors with various emitter lengths further validate the efficacy of this extraction technique.
A field-based estimate of the zircon fission-track closure temperature

Abstract A field-based estimate of the zircon fission-track closure temperature is proposed from 13 zircon fission-track cooling ages of the Gold Butte block, SE Nevada. Using previously published and new thermochronological data, the thermal history of the Gold Butte block is re-evaluated, resulting in a geothermal-gradient estimate of 20.3 °C/km and a slow cooling rate of 0.55 ± 0.02 °C/m.y. from the Late Jurassic to the early Miocene before onset of rapid Miocene cooling. The rapidly cooled part of the Gold Butte block provides a slip rate of 10.5 km/m.y. of the hanging wall that caused the Miocene exhumation of this crustal section. Assuming these thermal conditions are correct, the closure temperature of the zircon fission-track system is determined at 205 ± 18 °C, which is in good agreement with previous field-based estimates. Because of the variation in zircon fission-track annealing behavior with radiation damage, field studies are a suitable way to calibrate the closure temperature of the zircon fission-track system.
Induction of intrachromosomal homologous recombination in human cells by raltitrexed, an inhibitor of thymidylate synthase.

Thymidylate deprivation brings about “thymineless death” in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Although the precise mechanism for thymineless death has remained elusive, inhibition of the enzyme thymidylate synthase (TS), which catalyzes the de novo synthesis of TMP, has served for many years as a basis for chemotherapeutic strategies. Numerous studies have identified a variety of cellular responses to thymidylate deprivation, including disruption of DNA replication and induction of DNA breaks. Since stalled or collapsed replication forks and strand breaks are generally viewed as being recombinogenic, it is not surprising that a link has been demonstrated between recombination induction and thymidylate deprivation in bacteria and lower eukaryotes. A similar connection between recombination and TS inhibition has been suggested by studies done in mammalian cells, but the relationship between recombination and TS inhibition in mammalian cells had not been demonstrated rigorously. To gain insight into the mechanism of thymineless death in mammalian cells, in this work we undertook a direct investigation of recombination in human cells treated with raltitrexed (RTX), a folate analog that is a specific inhibitor of TS. Using a model system to study intrachromosomal homologous recombination in cultured fibroblasts, we provide definitive evidence that treatment with RTX can stimulate accurate recombination events in human cells. Gene conversions not associated with crossovers were specifically enhanced several-fold by RTX. Additional experiments demonstrated that recombination events provoked by a double-strand break (DSB) were not impacted by treatment with RTX, nor was error-prone DSB repair via nonhomologous end-joining. Our work provides evidence that thymineless death in human cells is not mediated by corruption of DSB repair processes and suggests that an increase in chromosomal recombination may be an important element of cellular responses leading to thymineless death.