cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transformational Change in Health Care Through Operational Excellence

ᅟThe USA has one of the most expensive health care delivery systems in the world. As a result, US hospitals are focusing on improving operational efficiency and safety in order to deliver higher value, in terms of outcomes, experiences, and costs. The kinds of change that are required are transformational in nature. Transformational change is a kind of continuous change that represents a fundamental shift in the priorities, strategies, and culture of an organization. Herein, we will review the concept of operational excellence as one management approach that has been used to achieve transformational change. Operational excellence is really about achieving process reliability through continuous process improvement, which translates to better outcomes, better experiences, and lower costs.
A robust multi-stage information-theoretic approach for registration of partially overlapped hyperspectral aerial imagery and evaluation in the presence of system noise

Image registration is employed in a wide spectrum of fields ranging from medical imaging to remote sensing. This work presents a multi-stage hyper spectral image registration technique utilizing a hybrid feature-based and an area-based similarity measure for partially overlapped aerial imagery. The resulting selectively guided execution of similarity measures provides a reduction in search space for area based methods, reducing the computational cost of the proposed algorithm. The inherent statistical attributes of area-based methods are exploited through the sequential use of correlation and mutual information on physics-based features. The algorithm is evaluated in the presence of sensor uncertainty and system noise. This is critical as data acquired from different sensors may have varying level of sensor uncertainty that may reduce the performance of the post processing techniques. The registration parameters are assessed in the presence of sensor noise, quantization noise, and impulse noise. The three noise sources are modeled and injected into the images to determine the algorithmic performance as a function of signal to noise ratio (SNR). A method to enhance aerial image registration with no well-defined feature structures.Information theoretic and correlation methodology for image low spatial resolution.A derived multi-stage approach resulting in search space and computational reduction.Analysis and modeling of the effect of sensor, quantization and impulsive noise.The method is also applied to heterogeneous hyper spectral bands registration.
Application of polyploid adeno-associated virus vectors for transduction enhancement and neutralizing antibody evasion

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have been used successfully in clinical trials for patients with hemophilia or blindness, but pre-existing neutralizing antibodies (Nab) are common in the general population and exclude many patients from clinical trials. Exploration of effective strategies to enhance AAV transduction and escape from Nab activity is still imperative. Previous studies have shown the compatibility of capsids from AAV serotypes and homology of recognition sites of AAV Nab located on different capsid subunits from one virion. In this study, we co-transfected AAV2 and AAV8 helper plasmids at different ratios (3:1, 1:1 and 1:3) to assemble haploid capsids and study both their transduction efficiency and Nab escape activity. After muscular injection, all of the haploid viruses induced higher transduction than their parental AAV vectors (2- to 9-fold over AAV2), with the highest of these being the haploid vector AAV2/8 3:1. After systemic administration, a 4-fold higher transduction in the liver was observed with haploid AAV2/8 1:3 than that with AAV8 alone. We then packaged the therapeutic factor IX cassette into haploid AAV2/8 1:3 capsids and injected them into FIX knockout mice via the tail vein. Higher FIX expression and improved phenotypic correction were achieved with the haploid AAV2/8 1:3 virus vector when compared to that of AAV8. Additionally, the haploid virus AAV2/8 1:3 was able to escape AAV2 neutralization and did not increase capsid antigen presentation capacity when compared to AAV8. To improve the Nab evasion ability of the haploid virus, we produced the triploid vector AAV2/8/9 by co-transfecting AAV2, AAV8 and AAV9 helper plasmids at a ratio of 1:1:1. After systemic administration, a 2-fold higher transduction in the liver was observed with the triploid vector AAV2/8/9 than that with AAV8. Nab analysis demonstrated that the triploid AAV2/8/9 vector was able to escape Nab activity from mouse sera immunized with parental serotypes. These results indicate that polyploid viruses might potentially acquire advantages from parental serotypes for enhancement of AAV transduction and evasion of Nab recognition without increasing capsid antigen presentation in target cells. Polyploid AAV vectors can be generated from any AAV serotype, whether natural, rational, library derived or a combination thereof, providing a novel strategy that should be explored in future clinical trials in patients with neutralizing antibodies.
Sustainable Ammonia Production from U.S. Offshore Wind Farms: A Techno-Economic Review

Ammonia production with offshore wind power has the potential to transform energy and fertilizer markets within the United States. As summarized in this paper, the offshore wind resource can be converted directly into liquid ammonia using state-of-the-art technologies. The liquid ammonia can either be used as a fertilizer or a fuel. This work reviews the technologies required for all-electric, wind-powered ammonia production and offers a general design of such a system. Cost models based on the physical equipment necessary to produce ammonia with wind power are developed; offshore wind farm cost models are also developed for near-shore, shallow, wind farms in the United States. These models are capable of calculating the capital costs of small, industrial-sized ammonia plants coupled with an offshore wind farm. A case study for a utility-connected, all-electric ammonia plant in the Gulf of Maine is used to assess the lifetime economics of such a system. The results show that significant utility grid backu...
Magnetic Structures of Mn 2 As and Mn 2 Sb 0.7 As 0.3

Neutron diffraction has been performed on powder specimens of Mn2As and Mn2Sb0.7As0.3. Mn2As has the antiferromagnetic structure found in Mn1.9Cr0.1Sb below the exchange inversion temperature. The atomic moments are 3.7 and 3.5 Bohr magnetons for Mn(I) and Mn(II), respectively. The moments lie perpendicular to the tetragonal axis. The magnetic structure of Mn2Sb0.7As0.3, which undergoes exchange inversion over the 35° to 115 °C temperature range, is the same as that of Mn2As at room temperature and is the same as that of ferrimagnetic Mn2Sb at 150°C. The atomic moments at room temperature (antiferromagnetic) are 2.3 and 2.8 Bohr magnetons, respectively, for Mn(I) and Mn(II). The moments are perpendicular to the tetragonal axis at room temperature and parallel to it at 150°C.
Immunothrombotic Activity of Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Extracellular Vesicles in Secondary Organ Failure Induced by Trauma and Sterile Insults.

Despite significant improvements in injury prevention and emergency response, injury-related death and morbidity continues to increase in the US and worldwide. Patients with trauma, invasive operations, anti-cancer treatment, and organ transplantation produce a host of danger signals and high levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic mediators, such as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs). DAMPs (e.g., nucleic acids, histone, high-mobility group box 1 protein, S100) are molecules released from injured, stressed, or activated cells that act as endogenous ligands of innate immune receptors, whereas EVs (e.g., microparticle, exosome) are membranous vesicles budding off from plasma membranes and act as messengers between cells. DAMPs and EVs can stimulate multiple innate immune signaling pathways and coagulation cascades, and uncontrolled DAMP and EV production causes systemic inflammatory and thrombotic complications and secondary organ failure. Thus, DAMPs and EVs represent potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for secondary organ failure. High plasma levels of DAMPs and EVs have been positively correlated with mortality and morbidity of patients or animals with trauma or surgical insults. Blocking or neutralizing DAMPs using antibodies or small molecules has been demonstrated to ameliorate sepsis and secondary organ failure in animal models. Furthermore, a membrane immobilized with nucleic acid-binding polymers captured and removed multiple DAMPs and EVs from extracellular fluids, thereby preventing the onset of DAMP- and EV-induced inflammatory and thrombotic complications in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we will summarize the current state of knowledge of DAMPs, EVs, and secondary organ failure, and we will discuss potential therapeutics and preventive intervention for organ failure secondary to trauma, surgery, anti-cancer therapy, and allogeneic transplantation.
Relationship between muscle strength and dyslipidemia, serum 25(OH)D, and weight status among diverse schoolchildren: a cross-sectional analysis

The relationship between muscle strength and cardiometabolic risk factors in youth, and the potential influence of vitamin D status on this relationship, is not well understood. This study examined associations between muscle strength and dyslipidemia, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], and weight status in diverse schoolchildren. Measures of hand-grip strength (standardized for sex and body weight), anthropometrics (height and weight converted to BMI z-score [BMIz]), sociodemographics, and fasting blood concentrations of plasma HDL-C and triglycerides and serum 25(OH)D were collected from 350 4th-8th grade schoolchildren (11.2 ± 1.3 y, 49.4% female, 56.3% non-white/Caucasian). Logistic regression was used to measure associations between standardized tertiles of grip strength and blood lipids, 25(OH)D, and weight status along with associations between 25(OH)D and dyslipidemia and weight status. Children with higher grip strength had lower odds of overweight/obesity (OR: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.01-0.06, in the highest tertile of grip strength vs. lowest, p for trend< 0.0001), borderline/low HDL-C (OR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.16-0.50, p for trend< 0.0001), and borderline/high triglycerides (OR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.25-0.92, p for trend< 0.05), adjusting for covariates. Associations between blood lipids and grip strength became non-significant after further adjustment for BMIz. No association was observed between grip strength and 25(OH)D, nor between 25(OH)D and borderline/low HDL-C or weight status; however, vitamin D sufficiency was associated with lower odds of borderline/high triglycerides compared with vitamin D deficiency (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09-0.74, p for trend< 0.05) before BMIz adjustment. Among racially/ethnically diverse children, muscle strength was associated with lower dyslipidemia. Longitudinal studies are needed to explore whether changes in muscle strength impact this relationship in children, independent of weight status. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (No. NCT01537809 ) on February 17, 2012.
RAMP: a system for capturing and tracing provenance in MapReduce workflows

RAMP (Reduce And Map Provenance) is an extension to Hadoop that supports provenance capture and tracing for workflows of MapReduce jobs. RAMP uses a wrapper-based approach, requiring little if any user intervention in most cases, while retaining Hadoop's parallel execution and fault tolerance. We demonstrate RAMP on a real-world MapReduce workflow generated from a Pig script that performs sentiment analysis over Twitter data. We show how RAMP's automatic provenance capture and tracing capabilities provide a convenient and efficient means of drilling-down and verifying output elements.
Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy Type I and Type II: Characterization of Two Distinct Genetic Defects and Identification of Carriers of Each Gene

Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) Type I and FAP Type II have previously been classified on the basis of clinical presentation. Amyloid fibrils have been isolated from the tissues of patients with FAP Type I (Swedish) and FAP Tyep II (Indiana-Swiss) and the subunit protein of each type of amyloid structurally characterized as a variant of prealbumin. The FAP Type I prealbumin has a methionine for valine amino acid substitution at position 30 of the 127 residue molecule. FAP Tyep II subunit has a glycine for threonine substitution at position 49 as has been reported previously for amyloid from a Jewish patient in Israel. Carriers of the FAP Type I genetic defect have been identified by cleavage of their plasma prealbumin with cyanogen bromide. This generates two extra peptides because CNBr cleaves the variant prealbumin at both methionine residues. This difference from normal is readily seen by HPLC analysis of the cleaved prealbumins. Carriers of FAP Type II prealbumin have been shown to have significantly depressed plasma retinol binding protein concentrations. These two separate methods allow identification of carriers of the aberrant prealbumin genes before expression of the disease and may be useful in genetic counseling.
PRIMORDIAL INFLATION AND THE MONOPOLE PROBLEM

We discuss the cosmological abundance of magnetic monopoles in locally supersymmetric GUTs and primordial inflation. Depending on the temperature scale of the GUT phase transition (Λ5 in this model) monopoles may or may not be suppressed sufficiently to satisfy cosmological and astrophysical limits. For example, if the GUT transition occurs after inflation (Λ5 TH, SU(5) breaking may occur during inflation and hence the monopole abundance is greatly suppressed as it was in non-primordial inflation. We show that both scenarios are possible with the latter (Λ5 > TH) being preferred for monopole suppression.
Do signs Matter? Consumers’ Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Responses Toward Exterior Retail Store Signage

Retail store signage represents a multi-billion dollar industry and serves as an essential marketing tool to brand visibility and brand identification. However, the benefits of signage to, and its effects on, consumers are not fully understood, nor are these aspects well represented in the marketing literature (Kellaris 2009). To address this gap in the literature, this study examined consumers’0 cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses toward exterior retail store signage. The three outcomes were chosen based on the conceptual framework for signage communication proposed by Kellaris (2009).
Inducing musical-interval learning by combining task practice with periods of stimulus exposure alone.

A key component of musical proficiency is the ability to discriminate between and identify musical intervals, or fixed ratios between pitches. Acquiring these skills requires training, but little is known about how to best arrange the trials within a training session. To address this issue, learning on a musical-interval comparison task was evaluated for two four-day training regimens that employed equal numbers of stimulus presentations per day. A regimen of continuous practice yielded no learning, but a regimen that combined practice and stimulus exposure alone generated clear improvement. Learning in the practice-plus-exposure regimen was due to the combination of the two experiences, because two control groups who received only either the practice or the exposure from that regimen did not learn. Posttest performance suggested that this improvement in comparison learning generalized to an untrained stimulus type and an untrained musical-interval identification task. Naive comparison performance, but not learning, was better for larger pitch-ratio differences and for individuals with more musical experience. The reported benefits of the practice-plus-exposure regimen mirror the outcomes for fine-grained discrimination and speech tasks, suggesting that a general learning principle is involved. In practical terms, it appears that combining practice and stimulus exposure alone is a particularly effective configuration for improving musical-interval perception.
Thirty Day Resource Utilization after Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Infusion for Hematologic Malignancies

Background We aimed to characterize institutional resources utilized (other than T cell collection and CAR T cell manufacturing and infusion) peri-chimeric antigen receptor-modified (CAR) T cells administration. Methods Adult patients treated on selected investigator-initiated clinical trials of CAR T cell therapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center were identified from the institutional database. Utilization data was collected from the start of admission for CAR T cell infusion through the end of the initial admission for infusion or through 30 days following initial CAR T cell infusion, whichever was longer. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results Between 6/2007 to 4/2018, 106 pts (56 pts (53%) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 37 (35%) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and 13 (12%) multiple myeloma (MM)) on 4 clinical trials receiving inpatient CAR T cell infusions. The median age was 53 yrs (range 22-77) with 65% male. The median length of stay for the admission during which CAR T cells was given was 23 days (range 4 -133), with ALL patients admitted longer (Figure 1). 43 (41%) spent at least one day in the intensive care unit (ICU), with a range of 0-43 days. Outpatient clinic visits through day 30 post CAR T cell infusion occurred in 57 (53%) patients. A total of 62,953 laboratory panels and 1,190 radiology studies done during the study time frame. Fourteen percent of the labs were complete blood counts, basic or comprehensive metabolic panels, or liver function tests. For the total population, ALL, CLL/NHL, MM, there were a median of 63.5 (range 13-368), 91.5 (21-368), 47 (13-167), and 51 (range 38-113) of these panels done per patient during the time frame, respectively. Among the radiology studies, 25% were CT scans, 10% MRIs, 7% PET scans, 5% ultrasounds, and 53% x-rays, with differences in patterns of use by disease type (Figure 2). Chemotherapy accounted for 328 units (0.8%) of the 41,331 units of medications given in this time frame. The median medication units per patient was 255 (range 35-2091), 423 (range 35-2091), 200 (range 41-1190), and 207 (range 90-666) for the total population, and the ALL, CLL/NHL, and MM pts, respectively. Thirty-two doses of tocilizumab were given to 25 patients (24%), with ALL pts receiving 23 of those doses (72%). Conclusion CAR T cell therapy utilizes many resources and can create challenges in institutional resource capacity. Identifying these resources will allow for better allocation and care delivery. Further refinement of CAR T cell products and improvements in CAR T cell-related toxicity management may permit safer delivery of this therapy and reduce costs per patient. Comparison with alternative therapies and analysis of resource utilization for the commercial CAR T cell products is warranted.
Framing Silence and Absence Regarding Presidential Debates: Successful and Unsuccessful Performances of Democratic Leadership

An academically neglected aspect of presidential debates seems fundamental to public judgments about candidates: their silences or absences regarding debates. This essay argues that the meanings of such performance fragments are negotiated in a complex of power relations, expectations for a president, and political factors. It examines four cases in which competing rhetorical framings of candidates' debate absences or silences were significant. It analyzes the broad range of ways in which rhetorical resources and choices combine to characterize candidate judgments as political gaffes or leadership displays that, either way, reflect on relative assessments of contenders' potential for successful democratic leadership and the health of the democratic system.
Measurement errors and misestimation: their effects on drinking outcomes

Definitions and measures form the foundation for epidemiological, clinical trials, or any other quantitative research. Thus, the operational definitions and measurements of substance use we select ...
Language Planning and Its Discontents: Lines of Flight in Haugen's View of the Politics of Standardization.

In this article, I claim that, while placing his theory of language, language planning, and standardization within a conceptual and historical framework inspired by Modernity, the emergence of the nation-state and liberal democracy, Haugen carefully mapped sociolinguistic phenomena onto their political treatment. And it was this careful and honest cartography—unafraid of generating internal tensions—that revealed aspects of language planning practice and scholarship in need of a critical treatment. Ultimately, Haugen embraced an understanding of linguistics that revolves around normativity and accepts language’s fundamentally political nature.
Stoichiometry and Kinetics of Sequential Dimethacrylate Enzymolysis

The increasing use of methacrylate-based materials in tissue engineering and dental restorations demands detailed evaluation of enzymolysis of these materials due to toxicity, durability, and biocompatibility concerns. The objective of this study is to develop tools for assessing and ranking the enzymolysis kinetics of dimethacrylate (DMA) compounds. Triethyleneglycol DMA and diurethane DMA are employed as model DMAs for kinetic studies of 2-step enzymolysis by 2 esterases, pseudocholine esterase and cholesterol esterase. In addition, the intermediate hydrolysis products, mono-methacrylates (mono-MAs), are prepared via esterases. The kinetics of DMA enzymolysis are evaluated per the concentrations of DMA. The enzymolysis products are quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Additionally, stoichiometric analysis and a Berkeley Madonna model are employed to compare the efficacy of esterases in DMA enzymolysis. The chemical structure of mono-MAs is verified by proton and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D 1H-13C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. In evaluating the ratio of sequential and simultaneous degradations of DMA and mono-MA, the stoichiometric analysis draws the same conclusions without using [mono-MA] as the experimental observation using [mono-MA]. The majority of the 4 esterase-DMA combinations undergo the sequential enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis, from DMA to mono-MA to diol. However, cholesterol esterase is more effective than pseudocholine esterase in maintaining sequential degradation until >90% of DMA is decomposed. Both enzymolysis steps are first-order reactions. The mono-MAs are more hydrolysis resistant than DMAs. Moreover, esterase efficacy and selectivity on DMA enzymolysis are presented. The stoichiometric analysis provides valuable tools in assessing DMA enzymolysis when mono-MA is difficult to be obtained. The resistance of mono-MAs to enzymolysis suggests a need for thorough toxicity evaluations of these intermediate compounds. It also advocates the alternative approaches in designing and developing durable and biocompatible materials.
19 F NMR relaxation studies of fluorosubstituted tryptophans

We present 19F longitudinal and transverse relaxation studies for four differently fluorosubstituted l-tryptophans, which carry single F atoms in the indole ring, both in the context of the free amino acid and when located in the cyclophilin A protein. For the free 4F-, 5F-, 6F-, 7F-l-Trp, satisfactory agreement between experimentally measured and calculated relaxation rates was obtained, suggesting that the parameters used for calculating the rates for the indole frame are sufficiently accurate. We also measured and calculated relaxation rates for four differently 19F-tryptophan labeled cyclophilin A proteins, transferring the parameters from the free amino acid to the protein-bound moiety. Our results suggest that 19F relaxation data of the large and rigid indole ring in Trp are only moderately affected by protein motions and provide critical reference points for evaluating fluorine NMR relaxation in the future, especially in fluorotryptophan labeled proteins.
Heme induces rapid endothelial barrier dysfunction via the MKK3/p38MAPK axis

Abstract Several studies demonstrate that hemolysis and free heme in circulation cause endothelial barrier dysfunction and are associated with severe pathological conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute chest syndrome, and sepsis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms involved in the pathology of heme-induced barrier disruption remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of free heme in the endothelial barrier integrity and mechanisms of heme-mediated intracellular signaling of human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVECs). Heme, in a dose-dependent manner, induced a rapid drop in the endothelial barrier integrity of HLMVECs. An investigation into barrier proteins revealed that heme primarily affected the tight junction proteins zona occludens-1, claudin-1, and claudin-5, which were significantly reduced after heme exposure. The p38MAPK/HSP27 pathway, involved in the regulation of endothelial cytoskeleton remodeling, was also significantly altered after heme treatment, both in HLMVECs and mice. By using a knockout (KO) mouse for MKK3, a key regulator of the p38MAPK pathway, we showed that this KO effectively decreased heme-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Taken together, our results indicate that targeting the p38MAPK pathway may represent a crucial treatment strategy in alleviating hemolytic diseases.
Evaluating Smart Assistant Responses for Accuracy and Misinformation Regarding Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: Content Analysis Study.

Background: Almost half (46%) of Americans have used a smart assistant of some kind (eg, Apple Siri), and 25% have used a stand-alone smart assistant (eg, Amazon Echo). This positions smart assistants as potentially useful modalities for retrieving health-related information; however, the accuracy of smart assistant responses lacks rigorous evaluation. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the levels of accuracy, misinformation, and sentiment in smart assistant responses to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination–related questions. Methods: We systematically examined responses to questions about the HPV vaccine from the following four most popular smart assistants: Apple Siri, Google Assistant, Amazon Alexa, and Microsoft Cortana. One team member posed 10 questions to each smart assistant and recorded all queries and responses. Two raters independently coded all responses (κ=0.85). We then assessed differences among the smart assistants in terms of response accuracy, presence of misinformation, and sentiment regarding the HPV vaccine. Results: A total of 103 responses were obtained from the 10 questions posed across the smart assistants. Google Assistant data were excluded owing to nonresponse. Over half (n=63, 61%) of the responses of the remaining three smart assistants were accurate. We found statistically significant differences across the smart assistants (N=103, χ22=7.807, P=.02), with Cortana yielding the greatest proportion of misinformation. Siri yielded the greatest proportion of accurate responses (n=26, 72%), whereas Cortana yielded the lowest proportion of accurate responses (n=33, 54%). Most response sentiments across smart assistants were positive (n=65, 64%) or neutral (n=18, 18%), but Cortana’s responses yielded the largest proportion of negative sentiment (n=7, 12%). Conclusions: Smart assistants appear to be average-quality sources for HPV vaccination information, with Alexa responding most reliably. Cortana returned the largest proportion of inaccurate responses, the most misinformation, and the greatest proportion of results with negative sentiments. More collaboration between technology companies and public health entities is necessary to improve the retrieval of accurate health information via smart assistants.
Common Factors as a Road Map to MFT Model Integration: Implications for Training Therapists

Historically, model integration was reserved for experienced therapists (Lebow, J Marital Fam Ther 13:1–14, 1987. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.1987.tb00678.x ). Currently, many marriage and family therapy (MFT) training programs encourage trainees to develop an integrative therapy approach. This relatively new phenomenon of encouraging integration during training is not often discussed. One challenge of developing an integrative approach to therapy practice is that trainees may not receive formal training in how to thoughtfully integrate models (Lebow, J Marital Fam Ther 13:1–14, 1987. doi: 10.1111/j.1752-0606.1987.tb00678.x ). Training therapists would benefit from an explicit road map to integration, the common factors approach is one such roadmap. The common factors approach may be a useful integrational construct (Weeks and Chad, Guid Couns 19:57–64, 2004. doi: 10.1177/1066480708323205 ) for guiding trainees in their initial understanding of model integration. The present conceptual paper presents a rationale for the usefulness of common factors in informing integration and supports a more prominent role of common factors in MFT training.
Culture, democracy and regulation

This paper examines how culture influences business regulation across countries. Empirical analysis reveals that individualistic countries adopt fewer regulations than collectivist countries. This result is independent of political institutions, suggesting that culture directly affects regulation by shaping preferences over economic policy. Individualism’s influence is magnified in democratic countries. These results support a public choice interpretation of regulation where culture may provide an additional check on government’s ability to rent seek via inefficient regulation.
Computing to Change the World for the Better: A Research-Focused Workshop for Women

Women's underrepresentation in Computer Science (CS) can be attributed to various factors including lack of self-efficacy, role models, encouragement, awareness of the discipline and existing research pathways. In February 2019, we hosted a Google-sponsored research-focused workshop at California State University, Long Beach to raise female undergraduates' awareness and confidence in CS research pathways and careers. Forty-six students from several universities in Southern California participated in the workshop. Over the course of three days, students worked on research problems with clear real-world applications in teams led by faculty and assisted by graduate students. Additional sessions were held to inspire female undergraduates, increase their confidence and enrich their knowledge about research and graduate programs. In this paper, we report about our experience and the lessons we learned. We also present evidence of success in strengthening the research interests of our participants based on the results of the pre- and post-surveys that were designed and administered by the evaluators of our funding agency (Google Inc.) to better understand the impact of these workshops.
A Systematic Review of the Incubation Period of SARS-CoV-2: The Effects of Age, Biological Sex, and Location on Incubation Period

ABSTRACT A systematic review of the incubation period of COVID-19 was compiled and analyzed from 21 quantitative studies. We investigated the incubation period of COVID-19 with regard to age, biological sex, location, and severity of the disease. Based on the data extracted, we report an overall mean and median incubation period for SARS-CoV-2 of 5.894 days and 5.598 days, respectively. The incubation period did not statistically vary for biological sex or age, but some studies suggest a longer incubation period in the young and elderly. Cases of COVID-19 in Wuhan and Hubei Province of China may have a shorter incubation period for COVID-19 but the shorter incubation period may be due to an increase in viral load. In studying coronavirus strains such as SARS and MERS, researchers have discovered an inverse relationship between incubation period length and virus severity. Taking into consideration that SARS-CoV-2 is part of the beta-coronavirus family, as well as the study mentioned above, we suggest that people who experience more severe disease due to SARS-CoV-2 may have a shorter incubation period.
Variation in heart rate after acute cannabis exposure

Smoking botanical cannabis often produces tachycardia. However, infrequent reports describe bradycardia, particularly with edibles, concentrates, and resins. We compared the rate of tachycardia in ...
Effect of Caregiver Depressive Symptoms on the Concordance Between Caregiver and Youth Assessment of Youth Physical Health.

OBJECTIVES To explore how caregivers' (birth parents, adoptive parents, relative caregivers, and unrelated caregivers) depressive symptoms moderate the concordance between their and their youth's assessment of the youth's physical health symptoms, diseases, and physical health status. METHODS Participants included 224 youth with mean age of 18.0 years (SD = 1.3) and their caregivers. Multiple-group models were run to test whether caregiver depression status moderated the concordance between youth and caregiver report of physical health outcomes. Models compared caregivers above the mean for depression in the sample (n = 62) with caregivers below the mean for depression in this sample (n = 128). RESULTS There was a strong correlation between youth and caregiver report of pain in the last 30 days and physical health status in the caregiver group with no/fewer depressive symptoms [r (128) = 0.29, p = 0.04; r (128) = 0.59, p < 0.01], but no significant correlation between the two in the caregiver group with higher depressive symptoms [r (62) = - 0.27, p = 0.27; r (62) = - 0.14, p = 0.57]. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Higher caregiver depressive symptoms was associated with worse concordance between caregiver and youth assessment of the youth's pain and physical health status. These two health issues are less visible and more subjective and communication between caregiver and youth may be affected by the caregiver's depressive symptoms. Since both caregiver and youth assessments of a youth's physical health provide the best clinical data, it may be helpful for health providers to assess caregiver's mental health status to provide a more complete picture.
Structure and strength characteristics of compacted clays.

The influence of soil structure on shrinkage, swelling, swell-pressures, stress-deformation characteristics, undrained strength, pore-water pressures and effective strength characteristics is described and examples of the relationships between composition and the 'as-compacted' strength of compacted clays are presented. The influence of shear strain on soil structure is demonstrated and used to explain the effect of various methods of compaction on soil strength characteristics.
Functions of Helper T Cell Hybridomas in B Cell Antibody Responses

We have described the production of a series of murine T cell hybridomas which produce interleukin-2 in an antigen-specific, I-region restricted manner (1). These T cell hybridomas have also proven to be potent sources of carrier specific, H-2 restricted helper activity in B cell antibody responses to hapten coupled to the protein carrier.
A meta‐analysis of the relationship between student attitudes towards reading and achievement in reading

A meta-analysis of the relationship between attitudes in reading and achievement in reading was conducted to provide a statistical summary to the observed variability in the magnitude of previously reported effect sizes. A total of 32 studies, with a total sample size of 224,615 were used, and included a total of 118 effect sizes. A multi-level approach was used in meta-analysis to determine if variance in the magnitude of effect sizes could be partitioned to study (level 1) and moderator (level 2) levels by using a mixed model approach. Results from the meta-analysis indicated that the mean strength of the relationship between reading attitudes and achievement is moderate (Zr=.32), while stronger for students in elementary school (Zr=.44) when compared with middle school students (Zr=.24). Findings related to selected moderator variables are discussed, with suggestions for future research.
THE MENTAL FOXHOLE

Three types of intrusive and recurrent recollections about the war have been described by Vietnam veterans. These include (1) flashbacks or involuntary reenactments of a past event; (2) nightmares or night terrors; and (3) thoughts about the war that cannot be dispelled despite a desire to do so. Numerous anecdotal accounts of the occurrence of these recollections were found in the literature. One young Vietnam veteran’s experiences with flashbacks and nightmares were described by Hogben and Cornfield 18 as: After entering the Marine Corps, he had eight months of combat in Vietnam. There he participated in much violence and frequently saw his buddies killed by mortar fire.... After discharge from the service, the patient noticed severe and frightening war-related nightmares for the first time. He was paralyzed on waking from the nightmares, but he was able to return to sleep. He also had intense, unprovoked day images of traumatic war experiences and heard bullets and mortar shells whizzing by him. Loud fireworks provoked the visual reexperiencing of war scenes (p. 442).
The Timescale and Mode of Star Formation in Clusters

I discuss two questions about the origin of star clusters: How long does the process take? What is the mode of individual star formation? I argue that observations of Galactic star-forming regions, particularly the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC), indicate that cluster formation often takes several Myr, which is many local dynamical timescales. Individual stars and binaries, including massive stars, appear to form from the collapse of gas cores.
Defying Upward and Downward Separation

Upward and downward separation results link the collapse of small and large classes, and are a standard tool in complexity theory. We study the limitations of upward and downward separation.
Factors affecting product innovations: A literature review

Product and process innovations are prime manifestations of innovativeness by an organization. Yet surprisingly little is known regarding how to initiate and maintain the innovative momentum in organizations with the ultimate target to produce an increasing number of product innovations and improve competitiveness. Of major concern has been however, the sheer volume of contributions on the subject and the complexity of issues involved. An extensive literature review has been carried out covering 400 scientific Journals during a 10-year long period (1991-2001). Over 2500 journal articles have been identified as relevant and read. Their contribution to the subject of product innovations (i.e., process innovations are not covered) has been identified using a multitude of literature mapping techniques. The present article summarizes the contributions of individual articles depicting the current state-of-the-art in the area.
The Role of Physician Assistants in Rural Health Care: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Purpose: A literature review was performed to assess the role of physician assistants (PAs) in rural health care. Four categories were examined: scope of practice, physician perceptions, community perceptions, and retention/recruitment. Methods: A search of the literature from 1974 to 2008 was undertaken by probing the electronic bibliographic databases of English language literature. Criterion for inclusion was original data published on rural PAs. Each paper was assessed and assigned to the four categories. Findings: A total of 51 papers were identified; 28 papers had a primary focus on research and specified PAs in a rural setting. Generally, the literature suggests that PAs provide cost-efficient and supplemental medical services to underserved rural populations and that these services are valued. It also appears that rural PAs possess a larger scope of practice than urban PAs. This broad range of skills and procedures may be necessary to match the extensive health care needs of underserved rural populations. Over a 35-year period of examination, the literature improved in numbers of PAs studied and the quality of research. However, the lack of longitudinal studies was considered a shortcoming of rural health PA observational research. Conclusions: Through this review, some insights about the role of PAs emerged. Overall, they seem well adapted to rural health. Important issues regarding the recruitment and retention of PAs to rural populations also emerged. Improvement in enabling legislation contributes to the utilization of PAs in America.
Three new species of Buchotrigonia Dietrich, 1938 (Bivalvia; Trigonioida), from the Lower Cretaceous of Colombia

RESUMEN. Tres nuevas especies de Buchotrigonia Dietrich, 1938 (Bivalvia; Trigonioida) del Cretacico Inferior de Colombia. En el presente articulo se describen tres nuevas especies del genero Buchotrigonia Dietrich, 1938, del Berriasiano de Colombia: Buchotrigonia etayoi sp. nov., B. perezi sp. nov. y B. kauffmani sp. nov. Las especies propuestas son las mas antiguas conocidas de este genero en el mundo.
Differentiation among targets in social perception as a function of response hierarchy

Judges high or low in number of words descriptive of others which were emitted in continuous association were asked to predict the responses of two ficticious targets. Half the judges were presented targets contrived to be similar to one another, half dissimilar targets. The presence of quantitatively more descriptive responses in one’s hierarchy facilitated differentiation among social targets when real differences existed. The usefulness of response hierarchies in investigating social perception behavior was discussed.
Representation of the Magnetization Characteristic of DC Machines for Computer Use

The calculation of flux densities in dc machines using digital computers requires a representation of the magnetization curve of the materials either as H = f1(B) or B = f2(H). A figure of merit of the approximation is defined. The representation can be achieved by the use of simple algebraic or transcendental functions. For satisfactory fit, however, the B-H characteristic has to be subdivided into several parts. As a better alternative a numerical method is proposed in which the magnetization curve is subdivided into a large number of sections. A method of linear interpolation is then employed. A computer program to accomplish this task is described.
Influence of photoperiod on development and larval diapause in the viceroy butterfly, Limenitis archippus

Abstract The butterfly Limenitis archippus represents a typical long-day insect. Young larvae show continuous rapid development to the adult when subjected to long-day conditions. However, most of their siblings exhibit slowed larval growth and form hibernacula during the third instar, subsequently entering diapause when reared under conditions of short photoperiod. Preliminary reciprocal transfer experiments indicate that second and early third instar larvae monitor absolute day length to determine whether or not they should enter diapause.
HLA-LINKED CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA RESULTS FROM A DEFECTIVE GENE ENCODING A CYTOCHROME P-450

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) deficiency is HLA-linked. The haplotype HLA-(A3);Bw47;DR7 is strongly associated with 21-OH deficiency and always carries a null allele at the complement C4A (Rodgers) locus. It seemed likely that this haplotype carries a deletion encompassing both the C4A and 21-OH loci. We hypothesized that the HLA-linked defect involved a structural gene for the adrenal microsomal cytochrome P-450 specific for steroid 21-hydroxylation. We isolated a plasmid with a 520 bp bovine adrenal cDNA insert encoding the middle third of the P-450 peptide [White et al. PNAS April 1984]. When human DNA was digested with Taq I restriction endonuclease and hybridized with the cDNA probe, DNA from 13 unrelated normal individuals yielded two hybridizing bands of equal intensity at 3.7 and 3.2 kb. The upper band was not present in DNA from a patient homozygous for Bw47. DNA from six unrelated patients heterozygous for Bw47 yielded, in five, diminished relative intensity of the upper band consistent with a heterozygous deletion, and complete disappearance of the upper band in one (X2=15.9, p=.0001). Linkage of this polymorphism to HLA was examined in the families of several of these patients; the lod score exceeds 3.0 at a recombinant fraction of 0.0. Thus 21-OH deficiency sometimes results from the deletion of a gene and sometimes, presumably, from smaller mutations. This gene is probably located very near the C4A gene encoding the 4th component of complement.
The Nation and Its Global Extension

The Domestic Abroad: Diasporas in International Relations. By Latha Varadarajan. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. 256 pp., $49.95 hardcover (ISBN-13: 978-0-199-73391-0). This book is about the external component of nations. There are references to many countries, but the focus is on India. Latha Varadarajan provides numerous details about the relationship between this south Asian country and its tens of millions of “her children” abroad. She begins with a long discourse on definitions of the concept of diaspora. She presents a summary of various approaches to the diaspora phenomenon and asserts that previous studies have obscured the role of the state of sending countries. She argues that homeland governments have been actively at work in shaping diasporas into new constituencies abroad. Like many scholars before her, she challenges the relevance of the territorial nation-state, and she calls for a diasporic “reimagining” of the transterritorial nation (p. 36 footnote). The present study contributes significantly to that end. Varadarajan's analysis of the impact of neoliberalism on India's relationship with the diaspora is impressive for its scope and sophistication. She pays particular attention to the circumstances surrounding the creation of the Indian diaspora, including the role of the colonial state, the participation of the diaspora in the development of Indian nationalism, the place of the overseas Indians in …
Transformation Theory of General Static Polyphase Networks

Starting from the canonical equations of a general, linear, bilateral network and by the application of transformation matrices, giving the various current constraints in typical polyphase systems, equations are obtained which give the response of the most general wye-wye, delta-delta, and delta-wye static systems to arbitrary electromotive forces at the sending and receiving ends. Mutual inductances and capacitances are assumed between the various branches of the circuits. The paper is concluded with a brief exposition of the method of symmetrical components from the transformation point of view and an application to the general wye-wye circuit is given as an example.
Crossing the Line

A key process in animal evolution was the development of a nerve-rich, bilaterally symmetric longitudinal structure, the central nervous system. Without such a symmetric body axis, Earth might still be populated by just sea anemones, sponges, and similar organisms ( 1 ). The switch from radial to bilateral symmetry created a distinct left- and right-hand side to the animal and its nervous system. The dividing line, or axis of symmetry, is known as the midline. One of the earliest decisions a developing neuron must make is whether to extend its long cellular process (the axon) across the midline. On page [944][1] of this issue, Yang et al. ( 2 ) uncover an unexpected level of complexity in how this initial decision is made. [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1171320