cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A history of low back pain affects pelvis and trunk mechanics during a sustained lift/lower task

This study compared three-dimensional trunk and pelvis range of motion (ROM) during a sustained asymmetric box lift/lower task between a group with a history of low back pain (HBP, n = 9) and a group with no history of low back pain (NBP, n = 9). Participants lifted an 11-kg box for 10 min at 12 cycles/min from ankle height in front to shelves 45 deg off-centre at waist height. Kinematic data were collected at the beginning (min1), middle (min5) and end of the bout (min9). Two-way analyses of variance were performed for all variables. Pelvis and trunk transverse ROM were similar at min1. By min9, HBP group did not change (31.9 ± 9 deg); however, ROM decreased in NBP group (21.6 ± 6 deg, p < 0.05). Therefore, despite no current pain, the HBP group demonstrated protective lifting mechanics compared to controls. Also discussed are implications for studying lifting paradigms at sub-maximal effort over longer periods of time. Practitioner summary: Differences between groups over time demonstrate residual cons...
Evaluation of an Intervention Program for Chinese Immigrant Adolescents' Cultural Adjustment

ABSTRACT The current study evaluated a school-based intervention program developed for the cultural adjustment of recent Chinese immigrant youth. The authors investigated whether or not students’ social connectedness, bonding to teacher, school interest, and career/college and academic help seeking will increase after participation in the exploratory program. T-Test analyses revealed a significant increase in scores on social connectedness, bonding to teachers, and college and career help-seeking after participating in the program. Implications for developing programs for Asian immigrant youth are discussed.
Structural influences on the lanthanide-actinide selectivity of some aminocarboxylates

Abstract Data for the resolution of americium from europium and terbium using 2,2′-diaminodiethylether-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetate and 1,5-diaminopentane-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetate are reported along with values of the formation constants of the La-Lu and Y chelates of the latter. It is shown that the minimum single-stage separation factor for Am 3+ from Ln 3+ cations, using 2,2′-diaminodiethylether-N,N,N′,-N′-tetraacetate with Dowex 50 resin, exceeds 1.7 for all Am-Ln pairs, and runs as high as 350 in the case of Am 3+ , La 3+ . The minimum of 1.7 occurs at Eu 3+ in the lanthanon sequence. A novel separation of Am 3+ , Cm 3+ and heavier actinons from each other and from all the lanthanons and yttrium appears to be feasible.
Release of calcitonin gene-related peptide and tachykinins from the rat trachea.

Abstract The release of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), neurokinin A (NKA) and substance P (SP) from intralumenally perfused rat trachea was examined in vitro. In accord with the relative tissue levels of the respective peptides, capsaicin (10 −8 to 10 −5 M) and K + (120 mM) added to the perfusate resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in the levels of CGRP and NKA, and to a minor extent SP, in the perfusates. Sequential exposure of the trachea to capsaicin revealed a concentration-dependent tachyphylaxis of CGRP release. Thus, 40 min after the application with capsaicin 10 −5 M, a second exposure to capsaicin at the same concentration, or K + 120 mM, did not evoke CGRP release. In contrast, prior stimulat release induced by a second stimulation with K + 120 mM or capsaicin 1 diminished or abolished in the absence of Ca 2+ . HPLC analysis of CGRP which eluted in the same fraction as synthetic rat CGRP. These data demonstrate that CGRP, NKA and SP exist in releasable, capsaicin-sensitive pools in terminals which lie within the proximal lumen of the trachea.
Fall risk and fitness among older adults enrolled in balance and strength training classes

Background The fall risk profile of older adults who participate in community balance/strength classes for fall prevention is not well described. Aims/Objectives/Purpose We examined fall risk and fitness in older adults taking N9Balance™, an 8-week community-based balance/strength programme. Methods All 241 first-time participants aged 60+ in 34 consecutive N9Balance programmes held in the study community completed surveys, and staff-administered 30-second chair stand and 8-foot up-and-go tests, during the first and last class. 89% consented to release results to investigators. We calculated fall risk and fitness estimates with Wald 95% CIs. We analysed before-after changes using paired-t or Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results/Outcomes Mean participant age was 75.7 years; 82.1% were female, 96.7% had secondary or higher education, and 26.1% (95% CI 20.5% to 32.7%) had BMI≥30. Half (48.1%; 41.3%, 54.9%) had fallen at least once in the past year. Overall, 79.9% (73.9%, 84.8%) had at least one important fall risk (age≥75, fairly-to-very concerned about falling, frequent ‘near falls’, or fall history). At post-test (83% response), frequency of ‘near’ falls decreased significantly (Z=−6.816, p Significance/Contribution to the Field Most older adults in community balance/strength classes are at high risk of falls, indicating that such classes are successfully reaching those in need of fall prevention. The N9Balance programme decreased self-reported ‘near’ falls and fear of falling, and improved fitness; controlled evaluation of its effect on falls is needed.
A comparison of the inhibitory effects of 2-methyl-1, 2-bis(3-pyridyl)-1-propanone and amphenone B on adrenal cortical secretion in the dog.

In short termexperimentsinthedog2-methyl–l,2-bis(3-pyridyl)-l-propanonc (SU 4885) in high dosage totally suppressed the secretion of steroids by the adrenal gland. In low dosage there was a shift from cortisol and corticosterone to 11-desoxycortisol (Reichstein's Compound S) and desoxycorticosterone suggesting a selective inhibition of hydroxylation at C11. In contrast amphenone suppressed total steroid secretion (i.e., of cortisol and corticosterone) with no evidence for a selective action on 11-hydroxylation.
Survey Anatomy of the Paranasal Sinuses in the Normal Mouse

Objective: To provide researchers with a survey atlas of normal paranasal sinus anatomy in the mouse as well as to standardize the reporting of data within the murine nose and sinuses. Study Design: Histologic and radiographic study in mice. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were killed and their heads sectioned in the axial and coronal planes as well as imaged using a small animal micro-computed tomography (CT) scanner. Distinctive regions within the nose and paranasal sinuses were delineated and labeled A to G for identification. Results: Definable regions within the normal murine nose and paranasal sinuses include A) the nasal airway, B) the superior nasal vault, C) the osteomeatal complex, D) the anterior ethmoid sinuses, E) the posterior ethmoid sinuses, F) the true maxillary sinus, and G) the secondary maxillary sinus. Mice also possess discernible sphenoid sinuses. CT scans confirmed the histologic plane of section. Conclusions: A survey atlas of normal murine sinonasal anatomy shall provide laboratories seeking to use mice in sinus research a reference for beginning their work. As new transgenic and gene knockout mice become available, phenotypic changes in sinonasal architecture can be more easily discerned using such a reference. Defining specific regions (A-G) within the sinuses will standardize the nomenclature used for reporting data.
Post-Bariatric Body Contouring

The reader should enjoy this timely issue of Seminars in Plastic Surgery for it contains original clinical experience and research from plastic surgeons committed to post-bariatric reconstructive surgery. I have enjoyed recruiting these experts (and friends) and reviewing their contributions for this issue. They have labored hard to present interesting and relevant information, for which we are indebted. Some of the material is straightforward or historical and needs no clarification. Some of the work is being presented for the first time. This Seminars begins with a succinctly progressive history of body contouring surgery as it applies to the weight loss patient by Drs. O'Toole, Song, and Rubin. Many novel and aggressive skin excision approaches have already been performed, and you should read this review before submitting your “original” work. This is followed by an excellent review from Drs. Sacks and Mattar on contemporary bariatric surgery. As subsequently treating physicians, plastic surgeons need to be aware of the altered physiology and complications related to bariatric surgery. Excess food restrictions with nutritional deficiencies can be subtle and are determined by a nutritionist. The article by Dr. Jacobs and coauthors also examines the problem of obesity and progress in gastric bypass surgery. Their approach to abdominoplasty is straightforward and should be followed. They describe the problems of residual obesity and abdominal surgical scars. They artfully use a pedicled groin flap to circumvent precarious abdominal skin. Although there are various presentations of the massive weight loss deformity, Song and coworkers from the University of Pittsburgh have shown that the deformity for reconstruction can be ranked by degree of severity. Improvement is noted by a reduction of the rating scale after corrective operations. This registry permits application of the scientific method to clinical research. Increasingly, surgeons are adopting techniques to improve sensuous contours, and there is no better example than the autogenous fat flap augmentation of the buttocks reported by Gerut. I find that the lateral flap extensions over the hips have precarious blood supply. I also wish to emphasize that the L thighplasty is often complicated by scattered areas of delayed healing. Severely oversized legs do poorly. For the right patient, the satisfaction is high. In fact, as a group, patients with massive weight loss are extremely appreciative of well-performed reconstructive aesthetic surgery.
Anxiety and affective style : role of prefrontal cortex and amygdala

This article reviews the modern literature on two key aspects of the central circuitry of emotion: the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the amygdala. There are several different functional divisions of the PFC, including the dorsolateral, ventromedial, and orbital sectors. Each of these regions plays some role in affective processing that shares the feature of representing affect in the absence of immediate rewards and punishments as well as in different aspects of emotional regulation. The amygdala appears to be crucial for the learning of new stimulus-threat contingencies and also appears to be important in the expression of cue-specific fear. Individual differences in both tonic activation and phasic reactivity in this circuit play an important role in governing different aspects of anxiety. Emphasis is placed on affective chronometry, or the time course of emotional responding, as a key attribute of individual differences in propensity for anxiety that is regulated by this circuitry.
Coherent backscattering of polarized light for tissue diagnostics: an electric field Monte Carlo study

We report on a novel Electric field Monte Carlo (EMC) approach for directly simulating coherent backscattering (CBS) of coherent or partially coherent polarized light. The strong dependence of CBS on the polarization state of light is first demonstrated. The penetration depth of low coherence backscattering light is then investigated using the EMC approach. EMC simulations of linearly polarized light backscattering from a human epithelial tissue model show that the penetration depth of low coherence backscattering light is reduced to the level of one scattering length under illumination by a source of an extreme low spatial coherence. The penetration depth less than one scattering length has not been obtained even when the spatial coherence length is shortened to be one percent of the scattering mean free path. It is found that the penetration depth of low coherence backscattering light may remain orders of magnitude larger than the spatial coherence length of the partially coherent source when the coherence length is shortened in an attempt to shrink the probing depth of light. This calls for a careful interpretation of the penetration depth for low coherence backscattering techniques applied to tissue diagnostics.
Deletion mapping of the mouse ornithine decarboxylase-related locus Odc-rs8 within Igh-V

The Odc-rs8 locus belongs to a family of mouse DNA sequences related to the gene encoding ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Odc-rs8 was mapped by recombinant inbred (RI) strain analysis to the region of Chromosome (Chr) 12 occupied by the variable region genes of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) complex. In the present study, alleles at Odc-rs8 were shown to cosegregate with those for Igh variable region (Igh-V or VH) genes among 37 inbred mouse strains that had been characterized previously for their haplotypes at Igh. For a more precise definition of the location of Odc-rs8 relative to Igh-V, DNAs from 17 Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV)-transformed pre-B cell lines cultured from mice heterozygous at Igh and Odc-rs8 were analyzed for the presence of DNA restriction fragments (RFs) derived from each parental Odc-rs8 allele. These cell lines, each of which has rearranged one or both Igh genes, previously were employed in mapping members of nine VH gene families by deletion analysis (Brodeur et al. 1988). Comparing the deletion profiles of the cell lines for Odc-rs8 with those for the VH gene families has located Odc-rs8b within the VHJ558/VH3609 gene cluster and Odc-rs8c either within or upstream of the 5'-most 9% of VHJ558, identifying Odc-rs8 as a potentially useful marker for the 5' end of the Igh complex.
Application of a Color-Difference Index to Highly Selective Transparent Specimens

The Adams color difference index has been applied to small color differences (mainly obtained from exposure to light) between highly selective transparent colors in acrylic resins. The results have been compared with visual estimates of the color differences. A satisfactory correlation, with some interesting exceptions, exists between the two methods.
Missed opportunities for adult immunization in diverse primary care office settings.

Abstract Adult vaccination rates are well below national goals of 90%. We examined medical records of 810 adults ≥65 years to determine number and type of visits, discussion and patient refusals of vaccines, influenza vaccinations over three seasons, and pneumococcal and tetanus vaccinations over 5 years. From the medical record, immunization rates were 24.1% for annual influenza, 49.1% for pneumococcal polysaccharide and 28.6% for tetanus vaccine. During the 27 month study period, patients averaged 1.3±1.9 acute visits, 6.9±5.1 chronic visits and 0.48±0.91 preventive visits (mean±S.D.). Missed opportunities to vaccinate ranged from 38.4 to 94.5% of visits. Vaccination rates were higher if medical records included health maintenance flow sheets. Failure to discuss vaccination, to vaccinate at acute care visits, and low frequency of preventive visits resulted in missed opportunities to vaccinate. A health maintenance flow sheet can prompt providers to discuss vaccination and record vaccines as they are administered.
Clinical implications of the response of enamel and dentin to masticatory loads

The success of restorative procedures is dependent on comprehension of the responses of enamel and dentin, including responses to masticatory forces. The regional variation resulting from masticatory forces is critical because clinically it relates to the thickness of enamel and dentin occlusogingivally. Three-dimensional finite element models of an intact mandibular molar were developed to analyze stresses in enamel and dentin occlusogingivally, buccolingually, and mesiodistally. There were dramatic regional variations in the magnitude and character of different stresses caused by masticatory forces, and despite being organically "bonded," enamel and dentin responded independently. This unique behavior with regional variations of these tissues could have serious clinical implications during restorative procedures.
Energy management of dense wireless heterogeneous networks over slow timescales

Future cellular networks are expected to be heterogeneous with dense deployments of base transceiver stations and access points (wireless nodes). Energy consumption and interference management are two major issues in such networks. The goal of this work is to develop a framework for deciding if particular nodes should be powered off to reduce interference and save energy. This is envisioned to occur over slow time-scales, i.e., on the order of minutes. The active nodes should provide a target quality of service (QoS) to all mobile users. A network utility maximization problem is formulated, which takes as input the network topology and aggregate demand information, and optimizes over the set of active nodes and the assignment of demands to the nodes. Centralized and distributed algorithms are presented that search for a local optimum, and numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance.
Effects of sex and normal aging on regional brain activation during verbal memory performance.

This study examined the main and interactive effects of age and sex on relative glucose metabolic rate (rGMR) within gray matter of 39 cortical Brodmann areas (BAs) and the cingulate gyrus using 18FDG-PET during a verbal memory task in 70 healthy normal adults, aged 20–87 years. Women showed significantly greater age-related rGMR decline in left cingulate gyrus than men (BAs 25, 24, 23, 31, 29). Both groups showed a decline in the anterior cingulate—a neuroanatomical structure that mediates effective cognitive-emotional interactions (BAs 32, 24, 25), while the other frontal regions did not show substantial decline. No sex differences in rGMR were identified within temporal, parietal and occipital lobes. Sex differences were observed for rGMR within subcomponents of the cingulate gyrus with men higher in BA25 and BA29, but lower in BA24 and BA 23 compared to women. For men, better memory performance was associated with greater rGMR in BA24, whereas in women better performance was associated with orbitofrontal-BA12. These results suggest that both age-related metabolic decline and sex differences within frontal regions are more marked in medial frontal and cingulate areas, consistent with some age-related patterns of affective and cognitive change.
Adolescents' Aggressive and Prosocial Behavior: Associations With Jealousy and Social Anxiety

The authors examined how relational aggression, physical aggression, and proactive prosocial behavior were associated with jealousy and social anxiety in a diverse sample of 60 middle school students. After the authors controlled for gender and race, jealousy predicted relational aggression and proactive prosocial behavior, but it did not predict physical aggression. Additionally, social anxiety predicted proactive prosocial behavior. Adolescents who were more jealous in their peer relationships also tended to engage in relational aggression and proactive prosocial behavior, and adolescents who were more socially anxious also tended to be proactively prosocial. The authors discuss the implications of these findings and suggest directions for future research.
DIRECT AND INDIRECT DETERMINATIONS OF PERMEABILITY

1. Methods are described for obtaining cell sap from Nitella without contamination. 2. Tests of the cell sap show that in a balanced solution of NaNO3 plus Ca(NO3)2 there is a slow penetration of NO3 and that the cell remains in a normal condition, but in pure NaNO3 there is rapid penetration accompanied by injury. 3. Inasmuch as determinations of electrical conductivity give the same result it may be concluded that this method gives reliable information regarding permeability. 4. While observations on recovery from plasmolysis give similar results, the method is less satisfactory.
A feline immunodeficiency virus vif-deletion mutant remains attenuated upon infection of newborn kittens

This report characterizes lentivirus attenuation associated with a vif mutation by inoculation of newborn kittens with a vif-deleted feline immunodeficiency virus provirus plasmid (FIV-pPPRDeltavif). Virus in peripheral blood, antiviral antibody or CD4 T-cell count alterations were not detected in kittens inoculated with FIV-pPPRDeltavif plasmid, with the exception of one kitten that demonstrated FIV Gag antibody production at 42 weeks after inoculation. In contrast, wild-type FIV-pPPR-infected kittens were viraemic, seropositive and exhibited a decrease in the CD4 T-cell subset in peripheral blood. Interestingly, FIV-specific T-cell proliferative responses detected at 32 and 36 weeks after infection were comparable for both FIV-pPPRDeltavif- and wild-type FIV-pPPR-inoculated kittens and suggested the possibility of a discreet tissue reservoir supporting sustained FIV-pPPRDeltavif expression or replication. Overall, these findings confirmed that the severe virus attenuation for both replication and pathogenicity exhibited by a vif-deleted FIV mutant is similar for both neonatal and adult hosts.
Energy flow in an intertidal oyster population

Abstract The numbers (1000–4400 individuals/m 2 ) and biomass (1548–2513 kcal/m 2 ) of an intertidal oyster population are shown to be very high for a macro-invertebrate population. The population has high production (4132/kcal/ m 2 /year), energy flow (9788 kcal/m 2 /year) and net growth efficiency (42%) values. Of the energy utilized in production, up to 48% may be lost from the population as reproductive products. Energy flow is high in the summer and low during the winter. The intertidal oysters are shown to be an important consumer in the North Inlet salt marsh estuarine ecosystem and it is speculated that dense populations of intertidal oysters may be correlated with the area of salt marshes.
Minimizing emissions in microgrids while meeting reliability and power quality objectives

Fossil fuel generators like diesel and natural gas gen-sets are the mainstays of microgrids for reliable power generation. This paper investigates different methods or modes to maximize fuel efficiency of the online generators in a microgrid where a substantial portion of the total generation capacity comes from fossil fuel generators. Energy storage is used to facilitate high efficiency operation of the generators and ensure conformation with the power quality standards and reliability metrics. The methods to maximize fuel efficiency, involving generator scheduling, peak shaving, and power cycling, are discussed. Various case studies are simulated to determine the impact of these three methods or modes on fuel consumption for two particular types of load profiles.
On the Barnes function

The multiple Barnes function, defined as a generalization of the Euler gamma function, is used in many applications of pure and applied mathematics and theoretical physics. This paper presents new integral representations as well as special values of the Barnes function. Moreover, the Barnes function is expressed in a closed form by means of the Hurwitz zeta function. These results can be used for numeric and symbolic computations of the Barnes function.
A radiometric technique for measuring nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in femtomole quantities: methodology and application.

Abstract A radiometric technique for measuring as little as 1 × 10 −13 moles (100 femtomoles) of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is presented. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) (EC 1.1.1.1) is used to oxidize 1-[ 3 H]-ethanol to acetaldehyde in the presence of NAD. The [ 3 H]-NAD so produced is used to reduce pyruvate to [ 3 H]-lactate in the presence of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) (EC 1.1.1.27). In this manner, [ 3 H]-lactate is generated, and NAD is regenerated, permitting the reactions to cycle. After a suitable incubation period, unreacted 1-[ 3 H]-ethanol and acetaldehyde in the reaction mixture are evaporated. Nonvolatile [ 3 H]-lactate is quantitated in a scintillation spectrometer. The applicability of the technique to the measurement of NAD in isolated islets of Langerhans is presented.
Ancient oceans and oxygen

The ocean chemistry of 1.5 billion years ago, inferred from rocks of that age, supports the view that marine conditions then were very different from those that pertained at earlier and later times.
Use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to determine double-layer capacitance in doped nonpolar liquids.

Abstract Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in a thin cell (10 μm) was used to infer conductivity, permittivity and the differential double-layer capacitance of solutions of dodecane doped with OLOA 11000 [poly(isobutylene) succinimide] for concentrations of dopant between 0.1% and 10% by weight. All spectra (frequencies between 1 Hz and 100 kHz) were well fit by an equivalent circuit having four elements including a constant-phase element representing the double-layer capacitance. Using Gouy–Chapman theory for small zeta potentials and assuming univalent charge carriers, the double-layer capacitances were converted into charge carrier concentration which was found to be directly proportional to the weight percent of dopant with a 1 wt% solution having 87 carriers/μm3 (the concentration of either positive or negative charges). This is only 17 ppm of the total monomer concentration calculated from the average molecule weight of the dopant. Dividing the measured conductivities by the charge carrier concentration, we inferred the mobility and hydrodynamic diameters for the charged micelles. The hydrodynamic diameters of carriers were significantly larger than the average diameter of all micelles measured independently by dynamic light scattering. This suggests that only large micelles become charged.
Beta attenuation—a technique for estimating forage yield in situ

Abstract A new, rapid method of estimating yield is proposed using the “thickness gauging” principle, where beta particle attenuation by plant material is considered a direct measure of the density (D) of the plant material. When these measurements are summed over height (H), a term representing D x H is obtained that has been shown to predict green matter yield very accurately. Simple regression analysis shows that the variable obtained by the “Beta-foliageometer” accounted for approximately 98 per cent of the variation in green matter yield. The advantage of the proposed “Beta-foliageometer” is that the method is rapid and gives accurate determinations of forage yield in situ.
A phylogenetic review of the North American band-winged grasshopper genus, Encoptolophus Scudder with description of Nebulatettix gen.n. (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae).

A taxonomic review of the North American band-winged grasshopper genus Encoptolophus Scudder (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) was conducted. This genus is hypothesized to be non-monophyletic following a cladistic analysis of the genera in the Chortophaga genus group. We examined all species currently classified in this genus group for morphological characters and one behavioral character. The phenotypic character data were combined with three mitochondrial genes: cytochrome c oxidase subunit II, 16S rRNA and 12S rRNA. A parsimony analysis was performed on the combined data resulting in two equally parsimonious trees. Encoptolophus, as historically defined, is resolved in three separate clades. The results support erection of a new genus, Nebulatettix Gomez, Lightfoot & Miller gen.n. to comprise one of the groups historically classified in Encoptolophus. In addition, we transfer the species Encoptolophus californicus Bruner to Chimarocephala Scudder, comb.n., a combination used historically. The evolution of certain characters in the Chortophaga group is discussed, and a key to the genera is provided.
Near-Optimal Control Strategies for Hybrid Cooling Plants

This paper develops and evaluates a set of operating strategies that when implemented together provide near-optimal performance for hybrid cooling plants in terms of operating costs. A hybrid chiller plant employs a combination of chillers that are “powered” by electricity and natural gas. Operating cost minimization for hybrid plants must account for effects of electrical and gas energy costs, electrical demand costs, and differences in maintenance costs associated with different chillers. Control strategy development was facilitated by separating hourly energy cost minimization from the problem of determining trade-offs between monthly energy and demand costs. A demand constraint is set for each month based upon a heuristic strategy and energy cost optimal strategies that attempt to satisfy the demand constraint are applied for cooling tower and chiller control at each decision interval. Simulated costs associated with the individual control strategies compare well with costs for optimal control.
NMR study of the structure and motion of charge density waves in NbSe3

The authors report NMR measurements of the $^{93}\mathrm{Nb}$ resonance in the charge-density-wave (CDW) conductor ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$ on aligned, multicrystalline samples. They have observed the resonance with and without current flow in the sample at temperatures above 59 K, where a single incommensurate CDW is present. Results include (1) a demonstration that the CDW is not discommensurate, (2) quantitative measurements of CDW displacements below threshold, and (3) evidence, including current-induced motional narrowing, of CDW motion throughout the entire sample, above the threshold.
Evidence for temporal variations in polar plumes

The variability of the O VI and Mg X emissions from four plumes is studied in order to place empirical constraints on possible plasma heating processes and acceleration mechanisms for mass flows in polar plumes. The observations comprise a 40 min seqeunce of spectroheliograms acquired with a temporal resolution of approximately 2 min. It is found that the Mg X emission from each plume has a strong 'dc' component and that any variations occurred at approximately the 10 percent (of the mean) level or less. This means that temporal variations in the density and/or temperature were 5 percent or less. Some statistically significant variations in the measured Mg X signals are seen. It is noted that two of the plumes decreased in brightness by approximately 10 percent during the 40 min period of the observations. Besides this, two plumes exhibited short-term (few minute) variations that are seen as statistically significant at a confidence level of more than 90 percent. The latter variations (if real) are thought to be due to small (approximately 20,000 K) fluctuations in temperature caused by fluctuations in the local plasma heating rate.
Managing late payments for international sales

With the global economic downturn, more of your customers worldwide will be paying late. But late payments can significantly affect your firm's net margin. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Time Variations in Teleseismic Residuals Prior to the Magnitude 5.1 Bear Valley Earthquake of February 24, 1972

Teleseismic arrivals for large earthquakes occurring in the Circum-Pacific seismic source regions have been analysed for P- velocity variations prior to the February 24, 1972, Bear Valley earthquake at several stations in the vicinity of Bear Valley, California. The teleseismic arrivals have been analysed by the method of two-station residuals and corrected for observed azimuthal variations. The data covers the time period of July, 1971, through April, 1972, and suggests that during part of January, 1972, a P-velocity anomaly occurred beneath station BVL 2 km from the epicenter of the magnitude 5.1 Bear Valley event. A maximum vertical travel time delay of 0.15 seconds is observed. No other anomalous behavior associated with this event is suggested by the data for the other stations ranging from 7 to 19 km from the event’s epicenter. These results support an anomalous zone of limited size with a maximum horizontal extent of less than 5 km perpendicular and about 10 km parallel to the San Andreas fault relative to the epicenter and confined within a 5 to 10 km portion of the uppermost crust. Also a P-velocity delay for waves travelling essentially along the intermediate stress axis would imply in this case that the P-velocity anomaly is caused by a bulk modulus mechanism such as that proposed by the dilatancy-fluid flow theory.
Pathogenesis and therapy of psoriasis

Psoriasis is one of the most common human skin diseases and is considered to have key genetic underpinnings. It is characterized by excessive growth and aberrant differentiation of keratinocytes, but is fully reversible with appropriate therapy. The trigger of the keratinocyte response is thought to be activation of the cellular immune system, with T cells, dendritic cells and various immune-related cytokines and chemokines implicated in pathogenesis. The newest therapies for psoriasis target its immune components and may predict potential treatments for other inflammatory human diseases.
Primary total hip arthroplasty with an uncemented femoral component

Abstract This study reports the outcome of total hip arthroplasty with use of an uncemented, tapered stem with a 5- to 9-year follow-up. The first 200 consecutive patients (214 hips) undergoing total hip arthroplasty with the Accolade TMZF stem (Stryker Orthopaedics, Mahwah, NJ) were enrolled prospectively. Follow-up for these patients averaged 7.6 years and encompassed review of clinical records as well as review of serial anteroposterior and lateral radiographs. There were 5 revision surgeries for aseptic loosening, 2 cases of infection, instability, and polyethylene wear. Our failure rate, defined as hips needing revision, was 2.6%, and the failure rate due to aseptic loosening of the femoral component was 0.6%. These results demonstrate the high success rate of this implant providing support for its continued use.
Generalized ray expansion for pulse propagation and attenuation in fluid-saturated porous media

Abstract A theory suitable for studying pulses propagating through a layered fluid-saturated porous medium is presented. Biot's theory is used to describe the constitutive equation of a fluid-saturated porous solid. Since fast and slow compressional waves exist in a Biot solid even at normal incidence, there is mode conversion at the interface and, therefore, the transmission and reflection coefficients are 2x2 matrices. We use matrix methods in developing the solution of the wave propagation problem. A generalized ray expansion algorithm is obtained by using the Gauss-Seidel matrix iterative method. The arrivals of the fast and the slow waves are easily identified. A compact computational algorithm is developed using combinatorial analysis and the Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
Political violence and terror: arendtian reflections

This essay takes a critical look at the rubric “age of terror,” a rubric which has enjoyed a certain amount of theoretical and philosophical cachet in recent years. My argument begins by noting the continuity between this hypostatization and contemporary “war on terror” rhetoric, a continuity that is, in certain respects, ironic given the politics of the “age of terror” theorists. It then moves—via Machiavelli, Max Weber, and Hannah Arendt—to a consideration of the topics of state violence (on the one hand) and totalitarian terror (on the other). I use Arendt’s theorization of totalitarian terror for a dual purpose: first, to emphasize the gap between totalitarian terror and the more familiar “terror as means”; second, to question the characterization of recent Islamic terrorism as totalitarian in essence. Arendt’s distinctions between violence, terror and totalitarian terror help us avoid the Schmittian logic installed by advocates of the “war on terror” and by a variety of writers anxious to identify a ill-defined and generic “totalitarianism” as the transhistorical and transcultural “other” of liberalism. Keywords : terror; islamic terrorism; Hannah Arendt; Max Weber; totalitarianism; “Age of Terror”; liberalism; Machiavelli; evil as policy (Published online: 25 August, 2008) Citation: Ethics & Global Politics 2008. DOI: 10.3402/egp.v1i3.1861
Stable Isotope Evidence for Large-Scale Infiltration of Metamorphic Fluids Generated during Shallow Subduction into the Eastern Peninsular Ranges Mylonite Zone (EPRMZ), Southern California

New δ18O and δD data confirm and amplify the conclusion by Holk et al. (1991) that, during the late Cretaceous or earliest Tertiary, there was large-scale infiltration of metamorphic water at depths of at least 15 km into the lower plate of the EPRMZ, a major crustal shear zone that transects a 15 x 15 km tonalite pluton west of Borrego Springs, California. Whole-rock δ18O values in undeformed tonalite are +11.2 ± 0.4 (n = 9) and in mylonitized tonalite are +12.3 ± 0.3 (n = 21), indicating a 1 per mil increase in 18O during open-system water-rock exchange. Quartz, feldspar, and biotite δ18O values in undeformed tonalite are +12.9 ± 0.4 (n = 8), +11.0 ± 0.6 (n = 8), and +7.7 ± 0.7 (n = 8), compared with +13.5 ± 0.2 (n = 8), +11.8 ± 0.3 (n = 9), and +9.2 ± 0.3 (n = 10) in mylonitized tonalite. The extremely uniform quartz-feldspar and quartz-biotite 18O fractionations in the mylonitized tonalite indicate equilibration at 500-600°C. Biotite and hornblende δD values from undeformed tonalite are -73 ± 3 (n = 1...
Deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance unambiguously quantifies pore and collagen‐bound water in cortical bone

Bone water (BW) plays a pivotal role in nutrient transport and conferring bone with its viscoelastic mechanical properties. BW is partitioned between the pore spaces of the Haversian and lacuno-canalicular system, and water predominantly bound to the matrix proteins (essentially collagen). The general model of BW is that the former predominantly experiences fast isotropic molecular reorientation, whereas water in the bone matrix undergoes slower anisotropic rotational diffusion. Here, we provide direct evidence for the correctness of this model and show that unambiguous quantification in situ of these two functionally and dynamically different BW fractions is possible. The approach chosen relies on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of deuterium (2H) that unambiguously separates and quantifies the two fractions on the basis of their distinguishing microdynamic properties. Twenty-four specimens of the human tibial cortex from 6 donors (3 male, 3 female, ages 27–83 years) were cored and 2H spectra recorded at 62 MHz (9.4 Tesla) on a Bruker Instruments DMX 400 spectrometer after exchange of native BW with 2H2O. Spectra consisted of a doublet signal resulting from quadrupole interaction of water bound to collagen. Doublet splittings were found to depend on the orientation of the osteonal axis with respect to the magnetic field direction (8.2 and 4.3 kHz for parallel and perpendicular orientation, respectively). In contrast, the isotropically reorienting pore-resident water yielded a single resonance line superimposed on the doublet. Nulling of the singlet resonance allowed separation of the two fractions. The results indicate that in human cortical bone 60% to 80% of detectable BW is collagen-bound. Porosity determined as the difference between total BW and collagen bound water fraction was found to strongly parallel micro–computed tomography (µCT)-based measurements (R2 = 0.91). Our method provides means for direct validation of emerging relaxation-based measurements of cortical bone porosity by proton MRI. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Effect of ecdysone agonists on vitellogenesis and the expression of EcR and USP in codling moth (Cydia pomonella).

The effects of tebufenozide and methoxyfenozide on vitellogenin (Vg) synthesis/release in the fat body, translocation in hemolymph, uptake by the ovary, and the expression of the ecdysone receptor (EcR) and its heterodimer partner, ultraspiracle protein (USP) in fat body, were investigated in Cydia pomonella. The results indicated that both ecdysone agonists significantly increased the Vg level in the adult hemolymph when the moths were exposed to agonist-treated surfaces. However, these agonists did not affect Vg release from the fat body nor Vg deposition in the first batch oocytes. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of EcR and USP was significantly increased in tebufenozide- and methoxyfenozide-treated samples compared to the control, suggesting that ecdysone agonists regulated the Vg synthesis via the EcR and USP proteins complex.
The urology match as a prisoner's dilemma: a game theory perspective.

Objective To investigate the potential inefficiency in allowing urology residency applicants the ability to apply to an unlimited number of programs, and to study whether an application limit would lead toward a more efficient urology match. Materials and Methods Eleven-year data from the American Urological Association were assessed to investigate whether an increase in the yearly mean number of submitted applications was associated with an increase in the yearly mean number of interviews attended or yearly match rate. A match model resembling the current match, except for an application limit, was created to assess the financial and time savings of an application limit. Results There was no statistically significant relationship between the mean number of submitted applications per applicant with the mean number of interviews an applicant attends (P = .545), match rate (P = .383), or match rate when adjusted to account for additional positions becoming available (P = .100). The cost and time savings of a urology residency match that features an application limit in our model are substantial (up to $575,000 for applicants collectively and 1639 minutes per program director). Conclusion Allowing urology residency applicants the ability to submit an unlimited number of applications is inefficient. A urology residency match program featuring an application limit would be more financially practical for applicants and engender significant time savings for program directors.
A comparative analysis of the stationary points of the constant modulus algorithm based on Gaussian assumptions

A comparative analysis of the stationary points of the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) performance function that is based on two different Gaussian assumptions is presented. In one case, it is assumed that the received signal is unconditionally Gaussian. This approach leads to an infinity of solutions, all of which correspond to a minimum of the performance function. In the second case, it is assumed that the received signal conditioned in one of the transmitted symbols in Gaussian. This approach leads to several possible solutions that depend not only on the channel characteristics, but also on the symbol on which the conditioning is performed. >
Effect of research and development outsourcing on new drug approvals in the pharmaceutical industry

Objectives This paper studies the relationship between the outsourcing of research and development activities in the pharmaceutical industry and the approval of new drug applications by the US Food and Drug Administration. Methods We controlled for the unobserved company-specific effect and other econometric issues. Unique company-level pharmaceutical outsourcing data were used for the period from 1995–2006. Key findings and conclusions Results show that contemporaneous, one and two periods lagged outsourcing are more helpful than early outsourcing in getting successful new drug applications. The study also shows the importance of the sales figures of a company in relation to its likelihood of introducing a new drug onto the market.
Single-electron devices and their applications

The goal of this paper is to review in brief the basic physics of single-election devices, as well as their-current and prospective applications. These devices based on the controllable transfer of single electrons between small conducting "islands", have already enabled several important scientific experiments. Several other applications of analog single-election devices in unique scientific instrumentation and metrology seem quite feasible. On the other hand, the prospect of silicon transistors being replaced by single-electron devices in integrated digital circuits faces tough challenges and remains uncertain. Nevertheless, even if this replacement does not happen, single electronics will continue to play an important role by shedding light on the fundamental size limitations of new electronic devices. Moreover, recent research in this field has generated some by-product ideas which may revolutionize random-access-memory and digital-data-storage technologies.
Clinician versus reading center assessment of cytomegalovirus retinitis lesion size.

Purpose To compare clinician and fundus photograph reading center assessments of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis area and change in the CMV retinitis area over time, and to investigate how these assessments correlate with the visual field (VF) of eyes with CMV retinitis. Design Analysis of pooled data from 2 multicenter randomized clinical trials and 1 prospective multicenter epidemiologic study. Participants Ninety-five eyes of 79 patients. At baseline, each eye had CMV retinitis restricted to zone 1 and/or zone 2 (approximately the photographable postequatorial retina), as assessed by the evaluating clinician. Methods Comparison of CMV retinitis area, change in area over time as assessed by clinicians and a fundus photograph reading center, and correlation of these assessments with VF measurement. Main Outcome Measures Cytomegalovirus retinitis area, change in CMV retinitis area over time, and VF score. Results Baseline assessments of the mean retinitis area were, by clinicians, 12.8% of the total retinal area and, by the reading center, 6.3% of the total retinal area ( P P P P P = 0.68). Regression analysis showed a positive concordance (ρ = 0.42, P Conclusions Awareness of the similarities and differences between clinician and reading center assessments of CMV retinitis area should permit clinicians to apply research data to clinical practice more effectively. Clinician assessment of retinitis area correlates negatively with VF, a clinically meaningful visual outcome in patients with CMV retinitis.
Antisecretory factor expression is regulated by inflammatory mediators and influences the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Antisecretory factor (ASF) was originally identified as a potent inhibitor of intestinal fluid secretion induced by a number of enterotoxins. In addition to its involvement in intestinal fluid secretion, ASF modulates the proliferation of memory/effector T cells and is expressed by cells of the immune system. This report describes the role of ASF in modulating immune responses and assesses the regulation of ASF during an in vivo immunological reaction. ASF expression was redistributed during adoptively transferred experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), and in response to other inflammatory stimuli. Administration of the anti-ASF antibody TLD-1A8A increased the clinical severity and duration of the disease. Consistent with these findings, addition of TLD-1A8A to T cell proliferation assays resulted in up-regulation of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-18 and IL-6 and in down-regulation of IL-10. Furthermore, we identified cytokines that regulated the expression of ASF at both the mRNA and protein level. ASF, therefore, appears to play a previously unappreciated and potentially important role in the regulation of immune responses.