cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The microstructure and creep behavior of cold rolled Udimet 188 sheet

Udimet 188 was subjected to thermomechanical processing (TMP) in an attempt to understand the effects of cold-rolling deformation on the microstructure and tensile-creep behavior. Commercially available sheet was cold rolled to varying amounts of deformation (between 5–35% reduction in sheet thickness) followed by a solution treatment at 1,464 K (1,191°C) for 1 h and subsequent air cooling. This sequence was repeated four times to induce a high-volume fraction of low-energy grain boundaries. The resultant microstructure was characterized using electron backscattered diffraction. The effect of the TMP treatment on the high-temperature [1,033–1,088 K (760–815°C)] creep behavior was evaluated. The measured creep stress exponents (6.0–6.8) suggested that dislocation creep was dominant at 1,033 K (760°C) for stresses ranging between 100–220 MPa. For stresses ranging between 25–100 MPa at 1,033 K (760°C), the stress exponents (2.3–2.8) suggested grain boundary sliding was dominant. A significant amount of grain boundary cracking was observed both on the surface and subsurface of deformed samples. To assess the mechanisms of crack nucleation, in situ scanning electron microscopy was performed during the elevated-temperature tensile-creep deformation. Cracking occurred preferentially along general high-angle grain boundaries (GHAB) and less than 25% of the cracks were found on low-angle grain boundaries (LAB) and coincident site lattice boundaries (CSLB). Creep rupture experiments were performed at T = 1,088 K (815°C) and σ = 165 MPa and the greatest average time-to-rupture was exhibited by the TMP sheet with the greatest fraction of LAB+CSLB. However, a clear correlation was not exhibited between the grain boundary character distribution and the minimum creep rates. The findings of this work suggest that although grain boundary engineering may be possible for this alloy, simply relating the fraction of grain boundary types to the creep resistance is not sufficient.
Resource management and process change in a simplified model of the emergency department

Using a simplified model of an emergency department (ED), we illustrate a 2-step methodology for determining the optimal mix of resources (beds, clerks, triage nurses, registered nurses, and physicians) for different arrival rates. These arrival rates cover the range of annual visit volumes typically observed in EDs in the United States. We also use the model to test a widely recommended process change in EDs: bedside registration. Rather than perform registration immediately after triage, registration is now performed only after the patient is placed in an ED bed and assessed by a nurse and physician. Our results show that bedside registration is efficient only when sufficient beds are available; when an ED is crowded and bed availability is low it actually leads to an increased length of stay. We view our model as a first step in the development of a more elaborate, multiple-acuity ED model.
Some quantitative experiments on a fluid salt‐dome model and their geological implications

The tectonics of salt-dome formation has long been a subject for speculation on the part of petroleum geologists and pure geophysicists alike. To the former, the problem has been closely bound with that of locating the oil accumulations which frequently occur in proximity to salt domes. To the latter, it has provided a direct application for theories and experiments relating to the deformation of rocks in general. Conversely, in the development thus far of the various theories upon the mechanics of salt-dome formation, full use has been made of the geologists' field-data as well as the results of experiments in the geophysical laboratories.
Comparison of phase noise simulation techniques on a BJT LC oscillator

The phase noise resulting from white and flicker noise in a bipolar junction transistor (BJT) LC oscillator is investigated. Large signal transient time domain SPICE simulations of phase noise resulting from the random-phase flicker and white noise in a 2 GHz BJT LC oscillator have been performed and demonstrated. The simulation results of this new technique are compared with Eldo RF and Spectre RF based on linear circuit concepts and experimental result reported in the literature.
Role of the S3-S4 Linker in Shaker Potassium Channel Activation

Structural models of voltage-gated channels suggest that flexibility of the S3-S4 linker region may be important in allowing the S4 region to undergo large conformational changes in its putative voltage-sensing function. We report here the initial characterization of 18 mutations in the S3-S4 linker of the Shaker channel, including deletions, insertions, charge changes, substitution of prolines, and chimeras replacing the 25-residue Shaker linker with 7- or 9-residue sequences from Shab, Shaw, or Shal. As measured in Xenopus oocytes with a two-microelectrode voltage clamp, each mutant construct yielded robust currents. Changes in the voltage dependence of activation were small, with activation voltage shifts of 13 mV or less. Substitution of linkers from the slowly activating Shab and Shaw channels resulted in a three- to fourfold slowing of activation and deactivation. It is concluded that the S3-S4 linker is unlikely to participate in a large conformational change during channel activation. The linker, which in some channel subfamilies has highly conserved sequences, may however be a determinant of activation kinetics in potassium channels, as previously has been suggested in the case of calcium channels.
HEV Component Design and Optimization for Fuel Economy

Vehicle components can have significant impact on fuel economy and emissions. Hence, this chapter discusses the design optimization of various types of hybrid vehicles. We first study the total optimization problem in a HEV using evolutionary algorithms to the multi-objective optimization problem of a series HEV. Then, we compare the different optimization algorithms for a parallel HEV. Since the analytical expression of the objective function does not exist, a vehicle simulation model is used for function evaluations. The optimization algorithm is implemented in the simulation software, PSAT and ADVISOR, with simulated experiments on a test drive cycle, which is a combination of city cycle UDDS and highway cycle HWFET. The simulation results obtained in this study show that the proposed optimization approach is effective and important for vehicle designers and vehicle control optimization: the proposed optimization algorithm has the capability of generating a set of trade-off optimal solutions among the fuel economy and three emissions, and all these solutions have better performances in all four objectives: fuel economy, HC, CO and NOx. Vehicle designers can use their own criteria to select optimal solutions from this population of trade-off optimal solutions.
Urban Slums and Children's Health in Less-Developed Countries

We utilize first-difference panel regression analysis to assess the direct effect of urban slumprevalence on national level measures of under-5 mortality rates over the period 1990 to 2005.Utilizing data on 80 less developed countries, the results illustrate increasing urban slumprevalence over the period is a robust predictor of increasing child mortality rates. This effectobtains net the statistically significant influence of gross domestic product per capita, fertilityrate, and educational enrollment. Cross-sectional analyses for 2005 that include additionalcontrols provide further evidence of the mortality / urban slum relationship. The results confirmurban slum prevalence growth is an important contextual dynamic whereby the socialproduction of child mortality is enacted in the less developed countries.
Separable Sampling of the Limit State for Accurate Monte Carlo Simulation

Reliability-based design simulations often use the Monte Carlo method as a sampling procedure for predicting failure. The combination of designing for very small failure probabilities (~10 -8 – 10 -6 ) and using computationally expensive finite element models, makes Monte Carlo simulations very costly. This paper uses an improved sampling procedure for calculating the probability of failure, called separable Monte Carlo. Separable Monte Carlo takes advantage of statistical independence of limit state random variables of the response and capacity for improved accuracy in reliability calculations. The separation of response and capacity sampling enables flexible sample sizes, permitting low samples of the more expensive component (usually the response). In turn, this motivates the beneficial reallocation of uncertainty by reformulating the limit state. Previous research has shown significant improvements for simple limit state problems, however in this work we extend the separable Monte Carlo to a non-separable limit state. The example considered in this study is for predicting failure in a composite laminate with the Tsai-Wu failure criterion. It was found that grouping sets of random variables that involve inexpensive calculations and sampling them separately in the limit state improved the accuracy in the probability of failure estimate.
Rationalizing NATO Strategy

Dialectics about NATO strategy have become tiresomely repetitious. One wishes they were unnecessary, ideally because a military threat had assuredly disappeared, or because a strategic nearconsensus had emerged. At least the strategic debate should have become more specific. But doctrine in the end is paramount, however unfortunate the consequences of trying to settle upon it ex cathedra . Quantitative analyses that are not systematically related to possible doctrines can lose critical issues in a welter of data, while analyses confined to ways to implement a single doctrine are too constricted. If within NATO one or more nations insist that the mid-1950 doctrine fits the logo's, official alliance planners can be stifled.
Numerical simulation of resonant cavity microwave systems for materials processing

A single mode microwave resonant cavity used for materials heating is simulated using the FDTD method. The simulation includes both the resonant cavity structure and the input microwave power coupling structure. An overlapping grid method with interpolation between the conformal grid systems developed for each section of the microwave system is used to simulate geometrically complex microwave structures. Comparisons of the FDTD solution for a simplified, lossy-loaded cavity is made with a known analytical solution.
ATHEROGENIC LIPOPROTEIN PARTICLE SUBCLASSES AND RESIDUAL CARDIOVASCULAR RISK: AN ANALYSIS OF THE JUPITER TRIAL

Despite potent statin therapy, residual risk of CVD events remains unacceptably high. Atherogenic lipoprotein particles and subclass distribution on statin therapy may identify markers of residual risk. Among 11,984 participants in JUPITER ([NCT00239681][1]; AstraZeneca) with lipoproteins measured
Imaging Brain Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder with Diffuse Optical Tomography

We present a feasibility study on applying diffuse optical tomography to school-aged children with autism. Feasibility is tested via assessments of raw data quality and functional activations to language processing and social-perception paradigms.
Heterogeneous Reactions of Acetic Acid with Oxide Surfaces: Effects of Mineralogy and Relative Humidity.

We have investigated the heterogeneous uptake of gaseous acetic acid on different oxides including γ-Al2O3, SiO2, and CaO under a range of relative humidity conditions. Under dry conditions, the uptake of acetic acid leads to the formation of both acetate and molecularly adsorbed acetic acid on γ-Al2O3 and CaO and only molecularly adsorbed acetic acid on SiO2. More importantly, under the conditions of this study, dimers are the major form for molecularly adsorbed acetic acid on all three particle surfaces investigated, even at low acetic acid pressures under which monomers are the dominant species in the gas phase. We have also determined saturation surface coverages for acetic acid adsorption on these three oxides under dry conditions as well as Langmuir adsorption constants in some cases. Kinetic analysis shows that the reaction rate of acetic acid increases by a factor of 3–5 for γ-Al2O3 when relative humidity increases from 0% to 15%, whereas for SiO2 particles, acetic acid and water are found to comp...
Unlocking the proteomic information encoded in MALDI-TOF-MS data used for microbial identification and characterization

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) is increasingly utilized as a rapid technique to identify microorganisms including pathogenic bacteria. However, little attention has been paid to the significant proteomic information encoded in the MS peaks that collectively constitute the MS ‘fingerprint’. This review/perspective is intended to explore this topic in greater detail in the hopes that it may spur interest and further research in this area.Areas covered: This paper examines the recent literature on utilizing MALDI-TOF for bacterial identification. Critical works highlighting protein biomarker identification of bacteria, arguments for and against protein biomarker identification, proteomic approaches to biomarker identification, emergence of MALDI-TOF-TOF platforms and their use for top-down proteomic identification of bacterial proteins, protein denaturation and its effect on protein ion fragmentation, collision cross-sections ...
A proof-of-concept classifier for acoustic signals from the knee joint on a FPAA

A proof-of-concept low-power analog classifier for assessing acoustic signals from the knee joint on a reconfigurable Field Programmable Analog Array (FPAA) is presented in this paper. Knee joint sounds are measured using piezoelectric (contact) microphones and processed using the front end analog filters. A single layer of neural network composed of Vector Matrix Multiplication (VMM) and Winner-Take All (WTA) is used for the classification. A simple classifier detecting an anterior cruciate ligament injury is implemented here. Measurement from a single subject's healthy and injured knees are used here as an input. The FPAA is fabricated in a 350nm CMOS process. A bank of 12 parallel filters is used for feature extraction and a 12×2 VMM-WTA is used as a classifier. The compiled system, front-end and the classifier, consumes a power of 15.29μW with a power supply of 2.5 V.
The character of humanity

In a Facebook posting on 24 June 2015, the following claim is made by Francis Kong: Human beings never outgrow their need for appreciation.Since a genuine expression of appreciation is unequivocall...
Network-as-a-Service and network cloudification in the next generation Internet

A fundamental strategy taken by the research for the next generation Internet lies in application of the service-orientation principle in the field of networking, which enables the as-a-Service paradigm that has been widely adopted in cloud computing, for example, Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), inside future networking systems. Therefore, such an approach to future network design is referred to as Network-as-a-Service (NaaS). NaaS is expected to play a crucial role in the next generation Internet that may introduce significant changes in both network architecture and service delivery model. The main objective of this chapter is to give a high-level overview of the NaaS concept with its key enabling technologies and to present the significant impact of NaaS on the development of Internet architecture and service model. The author hopes to provide readers with a big picture about the NaaS paradigm and its important role in the next generation Internet together with a holistic vision across networking and cloud computing for future service provisioning.
Working-Through Perspectives in Nietzsche and Object Relations Psychoanalysis

This chapter provides a reading of certain aspects of Nietzsche’s thinking with that of Melanie Klein and D.W. Winnicott . A key developmental task in Kleinian psychoanalysis is the ability to integrate a primitive schizoid position toward the same object into a more holistic position. Nietzsche’s critique of dualisms—paradigmatically the opposition between Good and Evil—can be read on this model as valorizing the integration of the non-integrable. Similarly, Winnicott’s concept of transitional phenomena presents a model of an environmentally mediated ordeal of integrating subjectivity with nonintegrable objectivity, which is similar to Nietzsche’s account of subjectivity’s formation within suffered social scenes. Both thinkers suggest that purportedly “pure” or “independent” subjects are symptomatic of relational histories that have not gone well and thereby need to be changed.
Influence of Different Habitat Factors on Creek Chub (Semotilus atromaculatus) within Channelized Agricultural Headwater Streams

Natural history information on habitat relationships of Semotilus atromaculatus (Creek Chub) in channelized agricultural headwater streams in the northeastern region of North America is limited. We hypothesized that Creek Chubs within channelized agricultural headwater streams would be more strongly influenced by instream habitat than other physical and chemical habitat variables. We sampled Creek Chubs and measured watershed characteristics, riparian habitat characteristics, geomorphology, instream habitat characteristics, and water chemistry in 14 channelized agricultural headwater streams in central Ohio from 2006 to 2011. We found that the abundance, mean length, and biomass of Creek Chub were most strongly influenced by watershed characteristics (land use, soil type) and geomorphology (channel shape, channel size). Our results indicate that conservation and restoration practices designed to mitigate physical habitat degradation are most likely to benefit Creek Chub within channelized agricultural headwater str eams.
Transforming Negative Attitudes About Learning Spanish Through Community Service Learning

Resistance to foreign language education remains strong in the United States, presenting a challenge for language educators who find that many of their students are antagonistic toward the subject. It is convenient to blame this negative attitude on factors we can’t control, such as American ethnocentricity or a market-driven approach to higher education that fails to recognize the value of language study. Yet while these and other factors certainly may play a role, much of the pessimism surrounding foreign language study is based on how we as educators, and consequently the students, approach language learning. In this paper, I explore some causes of the negativity regarding foreign language study that can be attributed to even the most innovative pedagogical approaches. I suggest that a community service-learning (henceforth CSL) model is one way to effectively challenge the unfortunate portrayal of the dreaded foreign language class.
Efficient nonlocal regularization for optical flow

Dense optical flow estimation in images is a challenging problem because the algorithm must coordinate the estimated motion across large regions in the image, while avoiding inappropriate smoothing over motion boundaries. Recent works have advocated for the use of nonlocal regularization to model long-range correlations in the flow. However, incorporating nonlocal regularization into an energy optimization framework is challenging due to the large number of pairwise penalty terms. Existing techniques either substitute intermediate filtering of the flow field for direct optimization of the nonlocal objective, or suffer substantial performance penalties when the range of the regularizer increases. In this paper, we describe an optimization algorithm that efficiently handles a general type of nonlocal regularization objectives for optical flow estimation. The computational complexity of the algorithm is independent of the range of the regularizer. We show that nonlocal regularization improves estimation accuracy at longer ranges than previously reported, and is complementary to intermediate filtering of the flow field. Our algorithm is simple and is compatible with many optical flow models.
Upper Extremity Nerve Entrapment

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) are the two most common upper extremity nerve entrapment neuropathies. They both present with numbness, paresthesia, and often pain, but they effect distinct anatomic areas, have different risk factors, and separate indications for conservative or surgical treatment. Diagnosis is dependent on a careful history and examination, while electrodiagnostic tests are frequently used to confirm clinical suspicions and rule out other diagnoses.
Dynamic Routing Problem in Distributed Parameter Setting

The aim of this chapter is to design control law for the DTR (Dynamic Traffic Routing) problem modeled in the distributed parameter setting. For the control design, the chapter uses the sliding mode control technique for regulating the error. Sliding mode control provides a robust method against bounded uncertainties. The price to pay for that robustness is chattering. The chapter shows methods to deal with chattering reduction in the control implementation. Control design and its software simulation using sliding mode control are presented in this chapter. The chapter also provides a simple study of discretization errors that are obtained in the numerical approximation of the distributed model for software simulation. The chapter shows the development of a simple software simulation code and its simulation to study this problem.
Reactivity study of CO+NO reaction over Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/CeZrO2 catalysts

Abstract To elucidate the reactions involved in the three-way catalyst under stoichiometric conditions, the reactivity of CO + NO has been studied by continuous flow and surface reactions over Pd supported on Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 (CZO) and Al2O3 model catalysts with different Pd particles sizes and oxidation states. Pd/CZO showed higher activity with complete NO removal at 125 °C than Pd/Al2O3 at 300 °C As a primary by-product, N2O was produced on both catalysts prior to reaching complete CO conversion in a 1:1 NO/CO feed ratio. NO inhibition through N2O formation was intensified when 2:1 NO/CO feed ratio was used, where the complete CO conversion can’t be achieved during the course of the reaction. When 1:1 NO/CO feed ratio was used over Pd/Al2O3, a concave feature in the CO light-off curve was observed, where the CO light-off curve showed a downward inflections after complete NO conversion had been reached, and then started to increase again with further increase in temperature. The inflection of CO conversion coincided with the maximum yield of N2O vs. reaction temperature. It was also found that the CO + NO reactivity was affected by the Pd oxidation state and particles size. in situ DRIFT experiments showed that the formation of NCO and NCO-derived N2O intermediate species is closely related to the inflection of CO conversion. A pathway of N2O formation via the NCO intermediate species has been proposed to be responsible for the fallback in CO conversion when the reaction temperature increased, as both interactions of “NCOad + Nad” and “NCOad + NOad," which produce N2 and N2O, respectively, consume NO but generate CO.
Making Room for Labor in Business Ethics

Thesis: The exclusion of organized labor/management issues from the principal arenas for business ethics study and discussions needs to be remedied. The paper develops this thesis in three steps: 1) Exclusion: A careful examination of select textbooks, journals, and conferences provides evidence as to the virtual absence of unions and such crucial organized labor/management issues as labor organizing and collective bargaining; 2) Inclusion: A series of brief arguments favoring inclusion of these issues in business ethics based on the notion of privileged institutions, adversarial posturing, the societal benefits, and globalization; 3) Suggestions: Some practical, cooperative initiatives involving the academy, management and labor, such as, labor officials as guest speakers and members of business school committees, internships in labor organizations, training workshops in business ethics for labor leaders, fora for joint management/labor discussions of issues each group faces in the economy and the legislatures.
Design and Implementation of a Pediatric ICU Acuity Scoring Tool as Clinical Decision Support.

Background and Objective Pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest most commonly occurs in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and is frequently preceded by early warning signs of clinical deterioration. In this study, we describe the implementation and evaluation of criteria to identify high-risk patients from a paper-based checklist into a clinical decision support (CDS) tool in the electronic health record (EHR). Materials and Methods The validated paper-based tool was first adapted by PICU clinicians and clinical informaticians and then integrated into clinical workflow following best practices for CDS design. A vendor-based rule engine was utilized. Littenberg's assessment framework helped guide the overall evaluation. Preliminary testing took place in EHR development environments with more rigorous evaluation, testing, and feedback completed in the live production environment. To verify data quality of the CDS rule engine, a retrospective Structured Query Language (SQL) data query was also created. As a process metric, preparedness was measured in pre- and postimplementation surveys. Results The system was deployed, evaluating approximately 340 unique patients monthly across 4 clinical teams. The verification against retrospective SQL of 15-minute intervals over a 30-day period revealed no missing triggered intervals and demonstrated 99.3% concordance of positive triggers. Preparedness showed improvements across multiple domains to our a priori goal of 90%. Conclusion We describe the successful adaptation and implementation of a real-time CDS tool to identify PICU patients at risk of deterioration. Prospective multicenter evaluation of the tool's effectiveness on clinical outcomes is necessary before broader implementation can be recommended.
Altering the attendance rate successfully for new patients at an outpatient mental health clinic

Show rates for psychiatric outpatient appointments are low among new patients, which affects all patients as well as providers and programs. This column describes two initiatives implemented to add...
Delayed photoacidity produced through the triplet–triplet annihilation of a neutral pyranine derivative

A novel pyranine derivative, EtHPTA-OH, was synthesized via the substitution of the anionic sulfonate groups with neutral diethylsulfonamide groups. The photophysical and photochemical properties of EtHPTA-OH were studied using photoluminescence quenching and transient absorption spectroscopy. The singlet state of EtHPTA-OH was found to be highly photoacidic (pKa* = 8.74 in acetonitrile). A series of aniline and pyridine bases were used to investigate excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) from singlet EtHPTA-OH, and rate constants for singlet quenching via ESPT were determined (kq = 5.18 × 109 to 1.05 × 1010 M-1 s-1). EtHPTA-OH was also found to exhibit a long-lived triplet state which reacts through a triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) process to reform singlet EtHPTA-OH on timescales of up to 80 μs. Detection of ESPT photoproducts on timescales comparable to that of TTA singlet regeneration provides strong evidence for photoacidic behavior stemming from the regenerated singlet EtHPTA-OH.
Direct-Write Printed Current Sensor for Load Monitoring Applications

We report on a flexible current sensor development employing direct-write printing and additive manufacturing techniques. The integrated current sensor unit incorporates sensing, data processing & storage, and in-field calibration capabilities. A combination of direct-write printing technique and low-temperature curable metallic ink is used to print Ag wires around a $12.5-\boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{m}$ -thick permalloy film. The overall thickness of the polyimide substrate and permalloy sheet remains well-below $500\ \boldsymbol{\mu} \mathbf{m}$ enabling wrap-around sensor functionality. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive manufacturing is used to build custom parts for sensor mounting, encapsulation, and an in-field calibration unit using heat and chemical-resistant thermoplastic which responds well to mechanical stress. In the present configuration, the integrated current sensor unit can be powered through USB or 4 AAA batteries to allow data collection and sensor calibration in the field. The flexible current sensor employing a continuous sheet of the permalloy exhibited a well-behaved signal output response at peak current levels exceeding 15A and in the applied ac frequency range of 60 Hz–10 kHz. Overall, the combination of direct-write printing, thin permalloy material, and additive manufacturing technique shows promise for the development of a reconfigurable low-cost current sensor that can be deployed in large numbers at locations of interest to avail the cost and energy-saving opportunities in industrial/commercial and residential applications.
Technocratic and deliberative governance for sustainability: rethinking the roles of experts, consumers, and producers

While there is general consensus regarding the urgent need for sustainability transitions in food and agriculture, tensions exist regarding how to best stimulate and manage them. Generally, there are two competing agrifood governance models for advancing sustainability: technocratic and deliberative democratic procedures. Taking up Fischer’s (Citizens, experts, and the environment: The politics of local knowledge, Duke University Press, Durham, 2000) call to develop new ways of bringing citizens and experts together in governance, this paper examines an integrative sustainability governance system that uses both technocratic and deliberative procedures. Drawing on a case study of a Japanese consumer cooperative, Seikatsu Club Consumer Cooperative, this paper analyzes the ways that technocratic and deliberative governance procedures use different forms of knowledge, measure and assess sustainability differently, and produce different outcomes. The analysis finds that whereas technocratic forms of governance are most effective at monitoring, verification, and compliance assurance, deliberative processes facilitate relationships, mutual understanding, and commitment among stakeholders. For sustainability governance to address not only the technical but also social dimensions of sustainability, the findings on Seikatsu Club Consumer Cooperative’s integrative governance system support the need for deliberative procedures.
Evaluation and minimization of Cas9-independent off-target DNA editing by cytosine base editors

Cytosine base editors (CBEs) enable targeted C•G-to-T•A conversions in genomic DNA. Recent studies report that BE3, the original CBE, induces a low frequency of genome-wide Cas9-independent off-target C•G-to-T•A mutation in mouse embryos and in rice. Here we develop multiple rapid, cost-effective methods to screen the propensity of different CBEs to induce Cas9-independent deamination in Escherichia coli and in human cells. We use these assays to identify CBEs with reduced Cas9-independent deamination and validate via whole-genome sequencing that YE1, a narrowed-window CBE variant, displays background levels of Cas9-independent off-target editing. We engineered YE1 variants that retain the substrate-targeting scope of high-activity CBEs while maintaining minimal Cas9-independent off-target editing. The suite of CBEs characterized and engineered in this study collectively offer ~10-100-fold lower average Cas9-independent off-target DNA editing while maintaining robust on-target editing at most positions targetable by canonical CBEs, and thus are especially promising for applications in which off-target editing must be minimized.
Bouveret Syndrome: A Rare Case of Instance and Treatment in a Younger Patient.

Bouveret syndrome, a specific form of gallstone ileus, is the obstruction of the gastric outlet by a gallstone, which can enter the duodenum through a fistula. While the average age of individuals with Bouveret syndrome is 74 years, our patient was 42 years of age at the time of operation, significantly younger than the average patient afflicted with this condition. In the treatment of our patient’s condition, the operation conducted entailed a partial duodenectomy, gastrojejunostomy, cholecystectomy, common bile duct exploration, extraction of bile duct stones, and insertion of a t-tube in the bile duct. The patient was found to be in healthy condition upon check-up six months after the operation. The outcome of our case suggests that younger Bouveret patients can safely undergo multiple surgical procedures in the treatment of Bouveret syndrome. Our case also suggests that a cholecystectomy and the removal of the obstructing gallstone can both be carried out within one operation, although coupling these two procedures in one operation might be riskier for patients within the normal age range of Bouveret syndrome. We also suggest that fistula repair be carried out for younger Bouveret patients in particular and that the patient be subjected to a CT scan in the diagnosis of Bouveret syndrome when this condition is suspected.
MSF: A Comprehensive Security Framework for mHealth Applications

Mobile health (mHealth) applications are growing in popularity due to their effectiveness in delivering healthcare services and improving patient health outcomes. mHealth apps are also increasingly targeted by attackers as they handle sensitive and private medical and personal data. Existing research indicates that lack of security cognizance among app developers is the leading cause of security vulnerabilities in mHealth apps. In this paper, we propose a security framework that provides authentication, authorization, secure storage and transmission of medical data and workflows for mHealth applications. The proposed framework can be easily imported into new and existing mHealth apps to mitigate its security and privacy vulnerabilities. To prove the framework's effectiveness, we use a dummy mHealth app built on top of it and confirm via our findings that the framework can be easily integrated into any mHealth app and reduce its security and privacy risks without compromising user experience.
The Desperation of the Military's Economists: Advertising as a Way to Fight Inflation in 1970s Brazil

This article describes the Brazilian civil–military dictatorship's anti-inflation advertising campaigns in 1973 and 1977. It shows how Finance Ministers Antonio Delfim Netto and Mario Henrique Simonsen used advertising as a substitute for economic policy. It argues that they turned to advertising to divert attention from their own policy failures by blaming urban women, small shopkeepers and consumers for the growing inflation problem. This article details the background of the campaigns and examines the advertisements, especially their use of normative gender ideologies. By reference to newspapers and political speeches, it also documents the social and political reaction to the campaigns.
Postnatal Changes of Neural Stem Cells in the Mammalian Auditory Cortex

Our previous study reported neural stem cells (NSCs) in the auditory cortex (AC) of postnatal day 3 (P3) mice in vitro. It is unclear whether AC-NSCs exist in vivo. This study aims to determine the presence and changes of AC-NSCs during postnatal development and maturation both in vitro and in vivo. P3, postnatal day 14 (P14), 2-month-old (2M), and 4-month-old (4M) mouse brain tissues were fixed and cryosectioned for NSC marker immunostaining. In vitro, P3, P14, and 2M AC tissues were dissected and cultured in suspension to study NSCs. NSC proliferation was examined by EdU incorporation and cell doubling time assays in vitro. The results show that Nestin and Sox2 double expressing NSCs were observed in the AC area from P3 to 4M in vivo, in which the number of NSCs remarkably reduced with age. In vitro, the neurosphere forming capability, cell proliferation, and percentage of Nestin and Sox2 double expressing NSCs significantly diminished with age. These results suggest that AC-NSCs exist in the mouse AC area both in vitro and in vivo, and the percentage of AC-NSCs decreases during postnatal development and maturation. The results may provide important cues for the future research of the central auditory system.
Benchmarking university technology transfer performance with external research funding: a stochastic frontier analysis

Many universities engage in academic entrepreneurship, often with funding from external sources. Benchmarking technology transfer performance with external research funding can help universities identify and learn from peers that may possess strategic advantages in productivity. It also can be key for organizational learning and for communicating organizational performance to policy stakeholders and industry partners. In this study, we construct a unique dataset by linking two important data sources, AUTM and UMETRICS, and use stochastic frontier analysis to benchmark university licensing and revenue performance with different federal funding streams. Our empirical results suggest that universities looking to promote commercialization performance might look to National Science Foundation funding, and the universities best at production (i.e., licensing technologies and generating patents) with external funding are not necessarily the best at capturing benefits from generating revenue from entrepreneurial activity and launching start-ups. Our study points to the importance of the differential advantages of sources of federal research funding and offers implications for policy makers and university administrators.
Correlation of HMPAO uptake with live single cell synchrotron mid-Infrared spectromicroscopy in inherited mitochondrial disease.

1551 Objectives HMPAO uptake is decreased in genetic mitochondrial disease despite normal to increased cerebral perfusion. To understand this phenomenon we subjected fibroblasts from patients with genetic mitochondrial disease to oxidative stress and examined HMPAO uptake. We now wish to correlate the redox spectral fingerprints obtained by single cell FTIR spectromicroscopy with HMPAO uptake. Methods Cells underwent 30 minutes of oxidative stress with tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP, 0.2 mM). Cells were then washed and pelleted for HMPAO uptake assay. 5 uL of HMPAO was added to samples of 0.5 to 2 million cells and incubated for 30 minutes at 37oC. Cells were then washed and counted. Live single cells were loaded, physiologically maintained and underwent t-BHP stress while interrogated via FTIR spectromicroscopy. The spectral markers of lipid and protein oxidation are in the non-peptide carbonyl vibration region with vibrational frequencies between 1690 and 1750 cm-1, and in the peptide carbonyl region between 1600 and 1690 cm-1. Results SURF-1 and Cox-10 fibroblasts had lower HMPAO uptake compared to control. After t-BHP stress SURF-1 and controls had 55% and 43.9% decreases in uptake, respectively while Cox-10 fell 181%. Analysis of the FTIR data revealed that without stress, the spectra associated with lipid and protein oxidation were higher both in SURF-1 and Cox-10 cells relative to normal fibroblasts. With t-BHP treatment, the FTIR signal intensity in the non-peptide carbonyl region increased for both SURF-1 and Cox-10 relative to the controls. Furthermore, the signal intensity associated with lipid oxidation in Cox-10 was almost 50% higher than in SURF-1. Conclusions Decreases in HMPAO uptake of fibroblasts from patients with inherited mitochondrial disease correlate with increased rates of protein and lipid oxidation as well as decreases in glutathione. Research Support Gift funds from the Mitochondrial Disease Institute at Stanford
Insurance Status and Continuity for Young Adults With First-Episode Psychosis.

Objective: Insurance status and continuity may affect access to and quality of care. The authors characterized patterns of and changes in insurance status over 1 year among people with first-episod...
What the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 and Portability Mean to Utah Estate Planners

Congress avoided the so-called fiscal cliff with the passage of the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 and, in so doing, implemented a number of important tax provisions that affect estate planners for estates of all sizes. The act made several key estate tax provisions permanent including fixing the exclusion amount and tax rates and, most importantly, it made the concept of portability permanent. Portability enables surviving spouse’s to utilize the unused unified credit of their decedent spouse, a strategy that historically required the use of a credit shelter trust. This article also discusses additional ways that portability affects estates large and small and how estate planners may use credit shelter trusts under the current estate tax regime with portability.
Magnetoelastic coupling in A2FeReO6 (A = Ba and Ca) probed by elastic constants and magnetostriction measurements

Double perovskites A2FeReO6 (A = Ba, Ca) have been synthesized and studied using a combination of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, magnetization, and magnetostriction measurements. A large softening in C44 over a wide temperature range is observed for Ba2FeReO6 below its Curie temperature (TC ≈ 311 K), which is indicative of a structural distortion. This softening is partially suppressed upon application of a low magnetic field. For Ca2FeReO6, both the longitudinal and shear moduli show a softening starting at T ≈ 160 K. In addition, magnetoelastic coupling constants have been estimated from elastic constants and magnetostriction data, which provide direct evidence of pronounced coupling between magnetism and the lattice degrees of freedom present in both compounds.
The Feminine Matrix Of Sex And Gender In Classical Athens: Sex and Sacrifice in Aristophanes' Lysistrata

INTRODUCTION The previous chapters have illuminated the way that a variety of Athenian authors construct femininity through a negotiation of various public roles for women. In this chapter, moving backward in time, I will show how this polyvalent discourse was at play on the comic stage. I will suggest that in Lysistrata , Aristophanes represents the women of Greece by combining the idiom of the prostitute with that of the priestess and ultimately subjects the prostitute to the process of ritualization. In a sense this analysis provides a counterpoint to the dynamics explored in “Against Neaira”: there we saw the threat posed by a prostitute who trespassed into the realm of civic ritual; in this chapter we will encounter the mechanism by which ritual could contain the potential disorder posed by the prostitute. By elaborating the relationship between the sacred and sexual in his depiction of women, Aristophanes avails himself of a rich spectrum of juxtapositions and unexpected associations for the sake of his comedy. The image of the prostitute is superimposed over that of the priestess, resulting in humorous associations of sex and food, the sacred and the profane, the bedroom and the temple. In addition to providing fodder for humor, the conflation of sex and ritual also imparts a violent undertone to the play. Aristophanes’ Lysistrata was produced in 411 BCE and was performed at the Lenaia, a festival in honor of Dionysos, to an audience composed exclusively of Athenians. It was just two years after the disastrous Athenian expedition to Sicily, which resulted in extensive casualties.
Employer Discrimination Against Individuals with a Criminal Record: The Unfulfilled Role of State Fair Employment Agencies

Lost in the debate about employer discrimination against individuals with criminal records has been the availability of disparate impact claims under state law and the underenforcement of such claims by state Fair Employment Practices Agencies (FEPAs). While budget-conscious FEPAs are rightfully weary of disparate impact litigation’s often exorbitant costs, these costs can be effectively mitigated in the criminal record context. Based on the availability of highly probative data on both racial disparities in the criminal justice system and the minimal recidivism risk posed by ex-offenders who have remained crime free for many years, this Comment proposes a set of presumptions that would enable FEPAs to limit their attention to complaints provable at trial without resort to costly statistical analyses. Although disparate impact’s ultimate potential contribution to the reentry process is limited, FEPA involvement would bring significant advantages over current Title VII-based litigation and should be encouraged.
Two Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Hydrodynamics and Pollutant Transport in a Wet Detention Pond

A vertically averaged two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was developed to simulate water movements in a small shallow unstratified impoundment. The hydrodynamic model was then coupled with a two-dimensional pollutant transport model to calculate the mass fluxes of pollutant. The differential equations were numerically solved on a space staggered grid using a two-level time ADI integration scheme. The model was used to simulate the flow and pollutant transport and to assess the pollutant removal performance of an urban detention pond located in Charlottesville, VA. Results of the simulation were compared to field data taken at the site. The model was successfully utilized in simulating pollutant transport and trapping, making it useful in analyzing wet detention pond modification for urban pollution control.
Development of Penile Hydrocele Following Placement of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis: A Rare Entity

Abstract Introduction The development of a penile hydrocele following the placement of an inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) for erectile dysfunction has never been documented. We herein report an unusual complication of penile hydrocele formation that developed following placement of an IPP for erectile dysfunction. Methods The penile hydrocele was successfully repaired by excision of the hydrocele sac. Results Successful surgical repair of a penile hydrocele was accomplished following placement of an IPP without removal of any implant components. The penile implant was functional at the end of the procedure as well as at all scheduled follow‐up appointments. Conclusions With advances in both surgical techniques and improved devise technology, high volume penile implanters encounter fewer IPP‐related complications such as infectious or mechanical complications. We herein report for the first time a rare complication of penile hydrocele development after IPP placement that was treated successfully with surgical excision of the hydrocele sac. Urologists who perform these types of procedures should be aware of this unusual complication and know that it is curable with prompt diagnosis and meticulous surgical repair. Raheem OA, Cohen SD, Chandrasekaran B, and Goldstein I. Development of penile hydrocele following placement of inflatable penile prosthesis: A rare entity. J Sex Med 2015;12:270–273.
Height Uniformity for Algebraic Points on Curves

We recall the main result of L. Caporaso, J. Harris, and B. Mazur's 1997 paper of ‘Uniformity of rational points.’ It says that the Lang conjecture on the distribution of rational points on varieties of general type implies the uniformity for the numbers of rational points on curves of genus at least 2. In this paper we will investigate its analogue for their heights under the assumption of the Vojta conjecture. Basically, we will show that the Vojta conjecture gives a naturally expected simple uniformity for their heights.