cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas: Effect of Invasion and Pancreatic Margin Status on Recurrence and Survival

The natural history and prognosis for patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) with and without invasion remain poorly defined. This study evaluated the outcome after pancreatectomy for IPMN according to the pancreatic transection margin status and the presence or absence of invasive carcinoma. Data from a prospective pancreatic tumor database and medical records were reviewed for all patients who underwent pancreatic resection for IPMN at our institution between July 1990 and July 2003. Surgical specimens were re-reviewed by a single pathologist. IPMN was diagnosed in 35 (26%) of 137 patients who underwent pancreatic resection for cystic neoplasms. Invasive IPMN was confirmed in 13 (37%) of 35 patients. Noninvasive IPMN was found in 22 (63%) of 35 patients; pathology re-review changed the original diagnosis from invasive to noninvasive IPMN in 6 patients. Noninvasive IPMN was found at the final pancreatic margin in eight patients; none developed recurrent disease at a median follow-up of 34 months. Recurrent disease was identified in 7 (58%) of 13 patients with invasive IPMN and in none with noninvasive IPMN. The median overall survival was 22.9 and 84.9 months in patients with invasive and noninvasive IPMN, respectively (P = .0009). Distinction between invasive and noninvasive IPMN is essential in estimating prognosis and determining the need for adjuvant therapy and the frequency of follow-up surveillance. Noninvasive IPMN, even if present at the pancreatic margin, was not associated with recurrent disease. In contrast, invasive IPMN was associated with early recurrence and short survival.
The Lingering Presence of the Nightingale Legacy

The history of the nursing profession is still evolving. One-hundred years ago, Nightingale died, leaving a legacy of philosophical cornerstones that still infuses the profession. Her idealism flows through her writings, as fresh today as 150 years ago. The initiatives of nursing today had their roots in Nightingale ideals. The alignment of current trends in nursing with Nightingale constructs is striking. Contemporary nurses are challenged to propel these ideals forward. The author here tracks Nightingale quotes, events, and writings with current initiatives, linking philosophical ideals to practical realities of current nursing practice. Nightingale constructs influencing nursing theories and models are examined.
Systems commonality: integrated avionics for the MH-47E and the MH-60K

The program described involves two aircraft: the MH-47E, which is a special modification of the Boeing CH-47D Chinook, and its complement, the MH-60K version of the Sikorsky UH-60L Black Hawk. The author provides an overview of the IBM integrated avionics subsystem (IAS), which extends the communication and navigation capabilities of the Chinook and Black Hawk aircraft by integrating avionics processing and supplying cockpit management. The hardware and mission processor software functions that constitute the IAS are discussed, in addition to the redundant system architecture which is based on Mil-Std-1553B data bus. One-hundred percent hardware and software commonality has been achieved in the IAS design. Maximum aircraft availability is enhanced through the commonality of equipment and software while the number of spares and test equipment required to support both aircraft is reduced. >
The Katz cell-survival model and beams of heavy charged particles

Abstract In this paper, we describe how the Katz cell-survival model has been used to predict survival along the central axis of the dose vs depth curve of beams of heavy charged particles. Unmodified beams with sharp Bragg peaks as well as ridge-filter-modulated beams with spread Bragg peaks have been studied. The analysis in terms of this model leads to the definition of twocoefficients, “ion kill” and “gamma kill”, which characterize the radiation quality of the beams. In this way, the relative importance of the primary and secondary (fragmentation) contributions can be assessed easily. Setting the model parameter m equal to 2 yields two interesting results: the survival expression becomes linear-quadratic at low doses and the inactivation cross-section at small values of Z ∗2 /β 2 (low-LET) increases as (Z ∗2 /κβ 2 ) 2 in accordance with the Lethal-Potentially Lethal (LPL) model. With this restriction on m and these approximations (low-LET and low dose) and for delayed plating experiments of stationary phase cells (i.e. when repair is complete), the Katz model and the LPL model reduce to the same analytical form (linear-quadratic) with simple expressions linking the constants.
Geometric optimization for radiation hardness assurance

The probability of a single event effect occurring is generally a function of the energy deposited in a sensitive volume, which is typically expressed as the absorbed dose in that volume. For short segments of high energy particle tracks, the dose due to a single event is proportional to the chord length through the sensitive volume. Thus, the distribution of dose in chord length is likely to relate to the probability of single event effects. For various geometries, a differential chord length distribution was generated and from this the dose distribution, frequency mean chord length, and dose mean chord length were calculated. In every case, the dose mean chord length was greater than the frequency mean chord length by a minimum of 26% and increased with the eccentricity of the volume. The large value of the dose mean chord length relative to the frequency mean chord length demonstrates the need to consider rare, long-chord-length crossings in radiation hardness testing, despite their relatively low probability of occurrence.
Rethinking the human-readability infrastructure

Character encodings and text editing widgets and applications together form the current human-readability infrastructure. We outline an alternative human-readability infrastructure that is simultaneously appropriate for textual formats and binary runtime data structures. Our approach consists of a binary metaformat and corresponding language-independent structure editor. Here we describe our prototype editor, its suitability to supersede text editors, and several case studies that explore its immediate and repeat benefit to various content domains.
Impact of Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Immediate Tissue Expander Breast Reconstruction

Delayed wound healing or infection leads to premature tissue expander (TE) explantation after immediate postmastectomy breast reconstruction. A large study with sufficient duration of follow-up focusing on the impact of chemotherapy (CT) on premature TE removal after immediate breast reconstruction is lacking. A retrospective review of patients undergoing immediate TE reconstruction was conducted. Multivariate analyses identified factors contributing to premature removal of TEs including neoadjuvant and adjuvant CT, specific chemotherapeutic regimens, and other factors like cancer stage, body mass index, smoking, radiation, and age. Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted to study the timing of premature TE removal. Of 899 patients with TEs, 256 received no, 295 neoadjuvant, and 348 adjuvant CT. Premature removal occurred more frequently in the neoadjuvant (17.3 %) and adjuvant (19.9 %) cohorts than the no-CT (12.5 %) cohort (p = 0.056). Premature TE removal occurred earlier (p = 0.005) in patients who received no CT than those with adjuvant CT. Radiation in patients receiving neoadjuvant CT prolonged the mean time to premature removal (p = 0.003). In the absence of radiation, premature removal occurred significantly sooner with neoadjuvant than adjuvant CT (p = 0.035). Premature removal of a TE occurs more commonly in patients treated with neoadjuvant or adjuvant CT and is most commonly observed 2–3 months after placement—well after the follow-up period recorded by the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. These findings can be used to aid preoperative counseling and guide the timing of follow-up for these patients.
Using student interactions to foster rule-diagram mapping during problem solving in an intelligent tutoring system

In many domains, problem solving involves the application of general domain principles to specific problem representations. In 3 classroom studies with an intelligent tutoring system, we examined the impact of (learner-generated) interactions and (tutor-provided) visual cues designed to facilitate rule–diagram mapping (where students connect domain knowledge to problem diagrams), with the goal of promoting students’ understanding of domain principles. Understanding was not supported when students failed to form a visual representation of rule–diagram mappings (Experiment 1); student interactions with diagrams promoted understanding of domain principles, but providing visual representations of rule–diagram mappings negated the benefits of interaction (Experiment 2). However, scaffolding student generation of rule–diagram mappings via diagram highlighting supported better understanding of domain rules that manifested at delayed testing, even when students already interacted with problem diagrams (Experiment 3). This work extends the literature on learning technologies, generative processing, and desirable difficulties by demonstrating the potential of visually based interaction techniques implemented during problem solving to have long-term impact on the type of knowledge that students develop during intelligent tutoring.
Computer Aided Cognition to Support Problem-Centered Decomposition of Complex Problems

Complex problems such as analysis of military situation assessment, homeland defense, diagnosis of the health of complex systems, medical diagnosis, and environmental monitoring require the ability to utilize a wide variety of data such as signals, images, textual information, and scalar data. The rapid evolution of micro-scale sensors, wideband communications, and microprocessors enables the collection and dissemination of huge amounts of data to be provided to a human analyst. Unfortunately, the analyst cannot directly understand nor process the data. Instead, analysts reason about high-level abstractions via language. A challenge exists to decompose general problems into detailed models that link to specific types of data (viz., problem centered decomposition) and to compose data into meaningful relationships to assist the understanding of semantic representations of abstract concepts. This paper discusses the challenge of problem-centered analysis (including problem centered decomposition and problem ...
Hydrogenation of carboxylic acids catalyzed by half-sandwich complexes of iridium and rhodium.

A series of half-sandwich Ir and Rh compounds are demonstrated to be competent catalysts for the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids under relatively mild conditions. Of the structurally diverse group of catalysts tested for activity, a Cp*Ir complex supported by an electron-releasing 2,2'-bipyridine ligand was the most active. Higher activity was achieved with employment of Bronsted or Lewis acid promoters. Mechanistic studies suggest a possible reaction pathway involving activated carboxylic acid substrates. The hydrogenation reaction was shown to be general to a variety of aliphatic acids.
Abstract 2041: Her2/Neu has an essential role for the gamma-irradiation-induced ERK1/2 signaling activation and G2/M checkpoint response

Gamma-irradiation (IR)-induced double strand DNA breaks frequently results in G2/M cell cycle arrest, allowing time for DNA repair prior to re-entering cell cycle. Previous studies from our laboratory have shown that the G2/M checkpoint activation following exposure of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to IR is dependent on the activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling. Studies presented in this report indicate that IR exposure of several breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, SKBR3 and T47D) is associated with a marked increase in HER2/neu phosphorylation and that the inhibition of HER2/neu using specific inhibitors abrogates the IR-induced activation of both MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 in these cells. Furthermore, the HER2/neu inhibition also results in attenuation of IR-induced G2/M arrest and concomitant diminution of IR-induced activation of ATM, ATR, Chk1 and Chk2 kinases. In contrast, inhibition of HER1/EGFR using specific inhibitors has no detectable effect on IR-induced increase of ERK1/2 phosphorylation as well as the induction of G2/M arrest following IR exposure. Collectively, results in this report suggest that HER2/neu plays an essential role in the activation of IR-induced of MEK/ERK signaling and subsequent G2/M checkpoint response. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2041. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2041
Electron kinetics in atmospheric-pressure argon and nitrogen microwave microdischarges

Electron kinetics in atmospheric-pressure argon and nitrogen microwave (4 GHz) microdischarges is studied using a self-consistent one-dimensional Particle-in-Cell Monte Carlo Collisions model. The reversal of electric field (i.e., inverted sheath formation) is obtained in nitrogen and is not obtained in argon. This is explained by the different energy dependencies of electron-neutral collision cross sections in atomic and molecular gases and, as a consequence, different drag force acting on electrons. A non-local behavior of electron energy distribution function is obtained in both gases owing to electrons are generated in the plasma sheath. In both gases, electron energy relaxation length is comparable with the interelectrode gap, and therefore, they penetrate the plasma bulk with large energies.
266 DIETARY PROTEIN INDUCES REMNANT KIDNEY INJURY BY INCREASED INTRINSIC ACID PRODUCTION MEDIATED THROUGH ENDOTHELIN RECEPTORS.

Purpose We tested the hypothesis that acid-producing dietary protein induces endothelin-mediated parenchymal injury in the 5/6 nephrectomized rat by increasing intrinsic acid production. Methods Munich-Wistar rats underwent surgical 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) and were studied 12 weeks after eating diets with either acid-producing protein (casein) or non-acid-producing protein (soy). Intrinsic acid production in the casein group was reduced by added Ca ++ citrate with Ca ++ phosphate as a control. Intrinsic acid production in the soy group was increased by added (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 with Na 2 SO 4 as a control. Both casein-eating Nx and soy + (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 -eating Nx received either the oral endothelin A/B receptor antagonist bosentan or the oral endothelin A antagonist darunsentan. Distal nephron Net HCO 3 reabsorption (Net J HCO3 ) was measured at 4 weeks by in vivo microperfusion. Urine endothelin 1 excretion (U ET-1 V), urine albumin excretion (U alb V), kidney glomerulosclerosis (GS), and tubulointerstitial injury (TII) were measured at 12 weeks. Results (1) Casein-eating Nx versus soy-eating Nx had higher U ET-1 V (315 ± 52 vs 78 ± 13 fmol/d, p alb V (180 ± 22 vs 74 ± 10 mg/d, p p p ++ citrate versus Ca ++ phosphate had lower U ET-1 V (89 ± 22 vs 341 ± 56 fmol/d, p alb V (105 ± 11 vs 177 ± 20 mg/d, p p p 4 ) 2 SO 4 versus Na 2 SO 4 had higher U ET-1 V (350 ± 40 vs 211 ± 26 fmol/d, p alb V (145 ± 16 vs 86 ± 10 mg/d, p p p HCO3 in acid-ingesting groups. By contrast, the endothelin A but not endothelin A/B antagonist reduced U alb V and TII in acid-ingesting groups. Conclusions Acid-producing dietary protein induces endothelin B-mediated increased acidification and endothelin A-mediated TII in the 5/6 nephrectomized rat through increased intrinsic acid production.
Passivation of Nickel Vacancy Defects in Nickel Oxide Solar Cells by Targeted Atomic Deposition of Boron

Localized trap states, which are deleterious to the performance of many solar-energy materials, often originate from the under-coordinated bonding associated with defects. Recently, the concept of targeted atomic deposition (TAD) was introduced as a process that permits the passivation of trap states using a vapor-phase precursor that selectively reacts with only the surface defect sites. Here, we demonstrate the passivation of nickel oxide (NiO) with the TAD process using diborane gas for selective, low-temperature deposition of boron (B) under continuous flow in a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system. NiO is a ubiquitous cathode material used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic photovoltaic devices, and organo-lead halide perovskite solar cells. The deposition of B at 100 °C is shown to follow first-order kinetics, exhibiting saturation at a B to Ni atomic ratio of ∼10%. Electrochemical measurements, combined with first-principles calculations, indicate that B passivates Ni vacancy defects ...
Modeling the biophysical and social dynamics of a ‘River of Grass’: a challenge for hydroinformatics

A number of major water resource ecosystem restoration projects are currently underway in the United States. One is focused on the Everglades, a unique ecosystem in southern Florida. The Everglades restoration project is estimated to cost some $8 billion over a period of about 50 years. It is not only a challenge to scientists attempting to understand the physical and biological processes affecting the unique hydrology and ecology but also to planners and decision makers dealing with the social dynamics of the people living in the area. People impact the Everglades, and the rate of population growth in southern Florida shows no sign of decreasing. The outcome of this ecosystem restoration effort will largely be determined by the land use decisions and social activities of these people over the next several decades. It may also be influenced by political decisions made far outside the region, such as in Washington with respect to sugar subsidies (i.e., our relations with Cuba). It may be influenced by climate change (e.g., sea level rise) as well. In this complex physical and social environment, scientists from private and public agencies are working together with all concerned stakeholders to plan and manage the restoration project. Models are being developed and used to estimate the various impacts that may result from any plan or management policy. As expected, there exist conflicts among various stakeholders. If there was ever a challenge for those involved in building models and associated decision support systems for impact prediction and for communicating information to multiple stakeholders having quite different interests and concerns—all in an effort to obtain some consensus or shared visions of what should be done, and why—this project provides one.
Turn: Weak Interactions and Rotational Barriers in Molecules-Insights from Substituted Butynes.

The nature of the bonding and a definite preference for an eclipsed geometry in several substituted but-2-ynes, including certain novel derivatives are uncovered and examined. In particular, we consider the molecular species R3C—C≡C—CR3 (where R= H, F, Cl, Br, I, and CN), their R3C—B≡N—CR3 analogues, and a few novel exo-bridge systems with intramolecular hydrogen bonds running parallel to the C—C≡C—C chain. In some cases, the potential energy surfaces are remarkably flat—so flat, in fact, that free rotation is predicted for those molecules at very low temperatures. A systematic investigation of the bonding in the halogenated butynes demonstrates that the eclipsed conformation actually becomes more stable relative to the staggered form as R becomes larger and less electron-withdrawing. The rotational barriers (the differences in energy between the eclipsed and staggered geometries) are magnified significantly, however, in a special case where selected R groups at the ends of the R3C—C≡C—CR′3 molecule form ...
Experiences with the survivorship care plan in primary care providers of childhood cancer survivors: a mixed methods approach

Focusing on primary care providers (PCPs) of known childhood cancer survivors, we used a mixed methods approach to understand providers’ experiences with the survivorship care plan (SCP), as well as preferences and barriers regarding survivorship care. The SCP was sent to 202 eligible PCPs of patients attending a regional survivorship clinic. The PCPs then completed quantitative postal surveys. Sixteen PCPs underwent an additional qualitative interview. Provider characteristics were examined as potential predictors of experiences, preferences, and barriers regarding survivorship care. Grounded theory was utilized to analyze the qualitative data. Respondents (n=134) included 55% pediatricians, 23% internists, 20% family practitioners, and 2% obstetricians/gynecologists. Only 8% of PCPs preferred to have primary responsibility for survivorship care; 46% favored a specialized clinic. A minority of PCPs reported that they felt “very comfortable” using the SCP to guide surveillance (31%) or deliver all survivorship care (3%). Endorsed barriers included lack of knowledge/training (74%), not recalling or understanding the contents of the SCP (69%), and uncertainty about who is responsible for providing care (58%). Two distinct themes emerged from the qualitative interviews: a preference not to be responsible for survivorship care, and uncertain utility of the SCP. Our study suggests that PCPs of childhood cancer survivors generally felt uncomfortable using the SCP and providing survivorship care. Even with the availability of the SCP, the biggest barrier was lack of knowledge. Our data suggests that including PCPs in survivorship care will require additional educational opportunities and evaluation of more collaborative models of care delivery.
Endoxifen has antiestrogenic effects in breast cancer cells with potency similar to 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen.

3758 Tamoxifen is a commonly used drug for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer. It is metabolized to several metabolites by the CYP450 enzymes. One of these is endoxifen (4-hydroxy-N-desmethyl-tamoxifen). Plasma endoxifen concentrations are several-fold higher than that of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4-OH-Tam) in patients taking tamoxifen. Patients that are CYP2D6 poor metabolizers have lower plasma endoxifen concentrations than extensive metabolizers. We conducted experiments to compare the potency of endoxifen and 4-OH-Tam on breast cancer proliferation and progesterone receptor expression, a commonly used estrogen regulated gene in breast cancer cells. Cells were treated with 17β-estradiol for 24 hrs. Total RNAs were harvested for progesterone receptor analysis and cDNAs were synthesized from RNA for PCR amplification. Dose response curves of 17β-estradiol indicate an EC50 of approximately 50 pM. Both endoxifen and 4-OH-Tam alone did not affect PR mRNA expression. However, endoxifen and 4-OH-Tam inhibited the 17β-estradiol-induced PR expression and both metabolites showed similar inhibiting potency in the range of 10−9M to 10−5M. Also, they both inhibited estradiol induced proliferation with a similar potency. Since plasma concentrations of endoxifen are 5 to 10-fold greater than 4-OH-Tam, these data indicate that endoxifen may be more important than 4-OH-Tamoxifen to the total anti-estrogenic effect of tamoxifen in breast cancer patients.
A Consensus-Based Framework and Model for the Design of Responsive Computing Systems

The emerging discipline of responsive systems demands fault-tolerant and real-time performance in uniprocessor, parallel, and distributed computing environments. A new proposal for a measure of responsiveness is presented, followed by an introduction of a consensus-based framework and model for responsive computing. The model, called CONCORDS (CONsensus/COmputation for Responsive Distributed Systems), is based on the integration of various forms of consensus and computation (management, then progress or recovery). The consensus tasks include clock synchronization, phase initialization and termination, diagnosis, checkpointing, resource allocation, and scheduling.
Editorial Commentary: Increased Risk of Second Ruptures and Poorer Outcomes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction in Hypermobile Athletes: A Potential Synergism of Passive Ligamentous and Active Muscular Control of Dynamic Knee Stability Related to Age and Sex?

Abstract Graft failure rates were higher and inferior subjective outcomes were observed after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in patients with generalized hypermobility. This is a clear and corroborative finding that is highly consilient with other reports of similar studies from the published literature. However, controversy remains regarding other potentially predictive and confounding variables. For example, age, activity level, sex, and dynamic neuromuscular control were not considered in this interesting, important, and potentially impactful study. Dynamic stability of the knee joint is determined by both passive (ligamentous and tendinous) and dynamic (neuromuscular) restraints. Most anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in high-risk sports such as basketball, football, lacrosse, soccer, and volleyball occur by noncontact mechanisms (landing, deceleration, or lateral pivoting). Noncontact ACL injuries often occur in female athletes by a common 3-part mechanism: dynamic lower extremity valgus loading combined with an extended knee on a single leg. Increased passive laxity of the knee combined with an increased dynamic joint loading profile may lead to the increased ACL injury rates in females. Therefore, the combination of insufficiently taut ligaments and tendons of the lower extremity that may passively destabilize the joint and high knee joint forces and torques that dynamically load an already loose joint may be diagnostic for both primary and secondary ACL injury risk.
Are We Ready to Use ESR1 Mutations in Clinical Practice

The recurrent ligand-binding domain ESR1 mutations are an important mechanism of endocrine resistance in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) metastatic breast cancer. These mutations evolve under the selective pressure of endocrine treatments and are rarely found in treatment-naive ER+ breast cancers. Preclinical studies showed that these mutations lead to ligand-independent activity facilitating resistance to aromatase inhibitors and relative resistance to tamoxifen and fulvestrant. Retrospective analyses of ESR1 mutations in baseline plasma circulating tumor DNA from clinical trials suggest that these mutations are prognostic of poor overall survival and predictive of resistance to aromatase inhibitors in metastatic disease. Larger datasets and prospective studies to confirm these results are lacking. In addition, response to other standard treatments for metastatic breast cancer in the presence of the ESR1 mutations is unknown, and studies to determine the optimal treatment combinations for patients with ESR1 mutations are also needed.
A design methodology for selecting ratios for a variable ratio gearbox used in a wind turbine with active blades

Abstract This paper investigates the performance of a variable ratio gearbox (VRG) used in a small fixed-speed wind turbine with active blades. The major components of the VRG-enabled drivetrain are an automatic-manual gearbox and squirrel cage induction generator that connects directly to the grid. The simplicity of this system may be appealing for applications when cost and reliability are of concern. It is an alternative to variable speed systems, which necessitate a modified generator and power conditioning equipment. During partial load operation the VRG provides a discrete set of rotor speeds. This allows the controller to track the wind speed and to achieve a greater efficiency. This study suggests three VRG ratios are sufficient to improve performance when used with active blades. A case study is presented where the performance is simulated using three different wind data sets. The study suggests that the VRG can improve production between 7 and 8.5% in low wind areas. The design procedure also illustrates a technique for finding the lowest and highest gear ratios needed for VRG design. These ratios allow the system to achieve the lowest cut-in and rated speeds. The approach also has useful implications for the design of a continuously variable transmission.
Optimizing Hybrid Closed-Loop Therapy in Adolescents and Emerging Adults Using the MiniMed 670G System

OBJECTIVE The MiniMed 670G System is the first commercial hybrid closed-loop (HCL) system for management of type 1 diabetes. Using data from adolescent and young adult participants, we compared insulin delivery patterns and time-in-range metrics in HCL (Auto Mode) and open loop (OL). System alerts, usage profiles, and operational parameters were examined to provide suggestions for optimal clinical use of the system. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data from 31 adolescent and young adult participants (14–26 years old) at three clinical sites in the 670G pivotal trial were analyzed. Participants had a 2-week run-in period in OL, followed by a 3-month in-home study phase with HCL functionality enabled. Data were compared between baseline OL and HCL use after 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months. RESULTS Carbohydrate-to-insulin (C-to-I) ratios were more aggressive for all meals with HCL compared with baseline OL. Total daily insulin dose and basal-to-bolus ratio did not change during the trial. Time in range increased 14% with use of Auto Mode after 3 months (P CONCLUSIONS In transitioning young patients to the 670G system, providers should anticipate immediate C-to-I ratio adjustments while also assessing active insulin time. Users should anticipate occasional Auto Mode exits, which can be reduced by following system instructions and reliably bolusing for meals. Unique 670G system functionality requires ongoing clinical guidance and education from providers.
Relationship between initial corneal hydration and stiffening effects of corneal crosslinking treatment.

Purpose To characterize the mechanical property improvement of riboflavin and ultraviolet light corneal crosslinking (CXL) procedure in artificially swollen human and porcine corneas. Setting Computational Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA. Design Experimental study. Methods Porcine and human donor corneas were crosslinked at different hydration levels using riboflavin–dextran solutions of different osmolality. Four porcine groups (Hw [hydration in mg H2O/mg dry tissue] = 3.3 ± 0.2 [SD]; 4.0 ± 0.1; 5.1 ± 0.1; 5.6 ± 0.1) and 3 human groups (Hw = 3.2 ± 0.1; 3.9 ± 0.2; 5.3 ± 0.3) were considered. The mechanical properties were measured by uniaxial tensile experiments during which the hydration of samples was the same as the hydration at which they were crosslinked. Tensile properties of 2 porcine groups (Hw = 5.1 ± 0.1; 5.6 ± 0.1) were also measured when their average hydration was lowered to 4.0 mg H2O/mg dry tissue. Results The CXL procedure significantly increased tensile properties of both human and porcine samples in each hydration group (P Conclusion Increasing the hydration of porcine and human corneal samples before the CXL treatment had insignificant influence on tensile property improvement, as measured by testing specimens at similar hydration.
The epistemic meaning of questions and statements

A study of questions and answers—or, more generally, questions and statements—may yield widely differing findings, depending on the overall aim one pursues. It is one thing to look for the pragmatic criteria distinguishing the various sorts of questions and statements, or selecting certain statements as adequate answers to certain questions. It is another thing to look for the most basic semantic elements distinguishing questions from statements, or rather the linguistic means used to express the one and the other. Although the latter may seem a comparatively simple task, it becomes quite intricate when questions and statements are seen as part of a system of linguistic means, whose paradigmatic and syntagmatic interdependences become apparent in the way they interact with each other, i.e. in their respective contextual properties.
Do Students Care About Learning

With the help from a grant from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, we identified 1,000 children who were in 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th grades in 12 school districts from Orlando, Florida, to Long Beach, California, and everywhere in between. Nine years later, we are still following some of the participants as young adults, although a much smaller group of them.
Constant-Tension and Constant-Field Solenoids

Large superconducting solenoids proposed for energy storage applications by utility companies are thin single-layer solenoids with forces transmitted to bedrock by means of struts [1,2]. In general, the radial and axial magnetic forces vary from turn to turn. It is the object of this study to find the current distribution in a solenoid which produces the same tensile load in all conductors. A second object of the study is to find the solenoidal current distribution which reduces end fields. This end-field problem was studied previously by Moses and Willig [3], who found a current distribution which reduces the end field and in particular could make the maximum field on each turn constant. This paper presents a different, but simpler method to obtain a current distribution for constant field per turn and compares the energy stored per unit mass of superconductor for the constant-magnetic-field and uniform-current solenoids.
The Preschool Blind Child Can Be a Cane User.

Teaching blind, preschool-age children to use a long cane in travel is a relatively new concept in orientation and mobility. This article examines this issue and discusses potential advantages of e...
Hospital length of stay following radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Development and validation of a population-based prediction model

Abstract Objective Length of hospital stay for patients following radical cystectomy is an important determinant for improved quality of care. We sought to develop and validate a predictive model for length of hospital stay following radical cystectomy. Methods Patients aged 66 to 90 years diagnosed with clinical stage T2-4a muscle-invasive bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy were included from January 1, 2002 through December 31, 2011 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare data. Linear regression analyses were used to develop and validate a predictive model for length of hospital stay. Results A total of 2,448 patients met inclusion criteria. After random assignment, 1,224 patients were included in the discovery cohort and 1,224 patients included in the validation cohort. The cohorts were well balanced with no significant difference in any of the preoperative variables. A best model was developed using marital status, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) region, clinical stage, Charlson comorbidity index, logarithm of hospital cystectomy volume, and use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in a backward selection to predict the length of stay. There was robust internal validation (sum square error (SSE): 258.1 vs. predicted sum of squares (PRESS): 264.0 at SLS = 0.10), consistent with the external validation (average square error (ASE): discovery (0.248) vs. validation (0.258)) cohort. The strength of the model in predicting length of stay for the entire cohort was (R2 = 0.048). Conclusion In this large population-based study, we developed and validated a model to predict length of hospital stay following radical cystectomy. Identification of at-risk patients for prolonged hospital stay may aid in targeted interventions to reduce length of stay, improve quality of care, and decrease healthcare costs.
La Segunda Transición, conversaciones con Alejandro Foxley

Libro de las autoras Cony Stipicic y Cecilia Barria. Editorial Uqbar, 162 paginas, 2017. ISBN 9789563760415
Proceedings of the 2014 ACM conference on SIGCOMM

Welcome to ACM SIGCOMM 2014! This year's conference continues the SIGCOMM tradition of being the premier forum for the presentation of research on networking and communications. The technical program this year features a set of outstanding papers that cover a wide variety of areas including network architecture, software defined networks, data center networks, wireless networks, network services, congestion management, security, privacy, measurement and analysis. This year's call for papers attracted 242 submissions from all over the world. The 54 member Technical Program Committee along with a selected group of external experts carefully considered all of the submissions over two rounds of reviewing including an author feedback period - with a total of 968 detailed reviews completed. The TPC meeting to select the final program was held at ICSI, Berkeley, in late April 2014. At the conclusion of the meeting, the committee had assembled a wonderful program composed of 45 papers, to be presented over three days at the conference. The quality of submissions was extremely high as reflected in the final technical program.
Liver-Intermediary Metabolism

The liver is involved in the uptake, storage and release of amino acids, glucose, lipids and trace substances. As such, it is involved in numerous processes of intermediary metabolism. These processes, however, are not all uniform across the acinus but have a distinct zonal preference. This is associated with both an oxygen gradient and the presence or absence of Hypoxia Inducible Factor -1α induction and Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
2,5,6-Tri­chloro-4-iodo­isophthalo­nitrile

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C8Cl3IN2, is disordered in the crystal. For the major component, there is an I⋯N intermolecular contact of 3.06 (3) A and two Cl⋯N contacts of 3.10 (3) and 3.19 (3) A. In all three contacts, the angle is approximately linear at the halogen atom and bent at the nitro­gen.
Acute Tubular Injury in a Patient on a Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitor

Abstract A 72-year-old man with coronary artery disease, statin intolerance, and chronic kidney disease stage IIIa was initiated on alirocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor, and developed acute kidney injury. A kidney biopsy was performed and suggested acute tubular injury. The serum creatinine returned to baseline after discontinuation of alirocumab. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.)
Tem Study of Nano-Crystals in Strontium Ion-Implanted Cubic Zirconia

Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is an important oxygen ion conducting solid electrolyte. YSZ is used in oxygen sensors, oxygen pumps, and fuel cells. Perovskite-type oxides of general formula ABO3 are also of fundamental significance due to their electrical and electro-optical properties. SrZrO3 is a promising material- for application as protonic conductor. in this paper, we present electron microscopy analysis of the formation of SrZrO3 nano-particles in the top surface of YSZ single crystal after ion implantation. These results demonstrate a unique process for obtaining mixed-conducting oxides in the surface layer of YSZ. in addition, it is important to study the behavior of strontium in YSZ because of the potential application of YSZ as an inert fuel matrix for “burning“ excess plutonium in nuclear reactors.400 keV strontium ions have been implanted into YSZ at room temperature to a fluence of lxl021 ions/m2.
Recent changes in immigration policy and U.S. naturalization patterns

Naturalization bestows economic benefits to immigrants, their families, and communities through greater access to employment opportunities, higher earnings, and homeownership. It is the cornerstone of immigrant assimilation in the United States. Yet, less than 720,000 of the estimated 8.5 million legal permanent residents (LPRs) eligible to naturalize do so on a yearly basis. Using data from the 2008–2018 American Community Survey, we analyze how the expansion of interior immigration enforcement impacts the decision to naturalize. We find that the adoption over an entire year of one enforcement initiative, or of two enforcement initiatives for half a year, raises the naturalization hazard by 2 percent. The effect is more pronounced among LPRs who are Mexican, women, or reside in non-mixed status households. Finally, the impact is driven by police-based, as opposed to employment-based, interior immigration enforcement. In sum, immigrants who naturalize in response to intensified enforcement may be doing so out of fear or uncertainty about their ability to secure their citizenship status and rights in a rapidly changing immigration policy environment increasingly hostile towards immigrants.
Understanding carbon contamination in the proton-conducting zirconates and cerates

Carbon contamination is a significant concern for proton-conducting oxides in the cerate and zirconate family, particularly for BaCeO3. Here, we use first-principles calculations to evaluate carbon stability in SrCeO3, BaCeO3, SrZrO3, and BaZrO3. The cerates require more carbon-poor environments to prevent carbonate formation, though this requirement can be loosened through the use of more oxygen-poor growth conditions. Carbonate formation is not the only concern, however. We find that interstitial carbon has lower formation energies in the cerates relative to the zirconates, leading to higher carbon concentrations that compete with the desired oxygen vacancy formation. We also examine the mobility of carbon interstitials, finding that both migration barriers and binding energies to acceptors are lower in the cerates. As a result, the cerates are likely to degrade when exposed to carbon at operating temperatures. Our results show definitively why the cerates are less stable than the zirconates with respect to carbon and elucidate the mechanisms contributing to their instability, thereby helping to explain why alloying with zirconium will enhance their operational efficiency.
A Multicomponent UV Analysis of α- and β-Acids in Hops

A method is presented for the determination of α- and β-acids (humulones and lupulones) in a hops sample using a multicomponent UV spectroscopic analysis of a methanolic hop extract. When compared with standard methods, this lab can be considered “greener” because it uses smaller volumes of safer solvents (methanol instead of toluene). The data analysis for this lab is interesting because it relies on a three-component analysis, instead of the more common two-component analysis. This lab is educationally useful because it can be employed at any level, from a general introductory class up to an advanced instrumental class. The Supporting Information includes a lab procedure with instructor notes and an extensive math review that uses the hop system to introduce the student to Gaussian elimination, Gauss–Jordan elimination, matrix inversion, and matrix manipulation on TI calculators and in Excel.
SOVIET TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING POST-WELDED DEFLECTION: CASE OF BUTT WELDING

The hulls of modern ships are almost entirely welded. This makes the prediction of post-welded deformations important. The number of parameters involved in the process of welding is large, so the exact mathematical theory for prediction of deformations is unavailable. Some researchers have estimated the post-welded deflections based on empirical and semi-empirical equations. The growing literature on the study of postwelded deflections of hull plates enables the estimation of these deflections based on the plate geometry and the plate material. The limited number of critical parameters covered by these experiments makes it difficult to organize the data systematically. This has delayed the introduction of a framework for estimating the influence on the plate deflection from welding speed, current, number of passes, welding rod size and material, etc. The approach adopted in the U.S.S.R. was to develop an integrated framework to include the critical welding parameters. From the standpoint of ship production, it is useful to understand this approach. Therefore, this paper introduces the Soviet procedure for calculation of deflection due to butt welding, presents the graphical aids used in this procedure, and presents a worked example using this procedure for a butt welded plate.
Purification and Characterization of Canine Pepsinogen

Abstract Pepsinogen has been purified from the fundic mucosa of the dog. The preparation is homogeneous by chromatography, amino terminal analysis, ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips, and disc electrophoresis. Analysis indicates the presence of 352 amino acid residues, at least 12 moles of carbohydrate including some amino sugars, and 1 mole of organic phosphate per mole of protein. The amino terminus is Ala-Ile-. Canine, porcine, and bovine pepsinogens are similar in size, in the large number of acidic and small number of basic residues, and in the number of aromatic residues and cystine. The main differences are in the number of hydroxy amino acids and methionines; canine pepsinogen with 8 methionine residues is unlike the other mammalian zymogens, but resembles dogfish and chicken pepsinogens. The molecular weight of canine pepsinogen is 39,900 by amino acid and carbohydrate content and 41,667 by ultracentrifugation; the sedimentation coefficient, s20,ω, is 3.38 S and the diffusion coefficient, D20,ω, is 7.37 x 10-7 cm2 per sec
Chapter 7 Oscillatory responses and gamma band activity

Publisher Summary Sensory stimuli—olfactory, visual, or auditory—evoke periodic firing of neurons and rhythmic oscillations of membrane and local field potentials above ∼20–30 Hz. These oscillations occur in central nervous system (CNS) structures with laminar organization in bursts that are synchronous over discrete neuronal populations. Mass oscillatory responses in the same frequency range have been recorded in vivo from animals and humans. These oscillations are often referred to as gamma band (i.e. ∼20–80 Hz) activities and also known as the “40 Hz rhythm,” although the actual frequency ranges from ∼20–30 Hz to over 100 Hz and overlaps with the beta band of the EEG. Gamma rhythms are “evoked” (as responses time-locked to stimulus and hence recognizable in averages over repeated stimulation) or “induced” (as activities non-time-locked to stimulus). Oscillatory responses and gamma activities are the result of “stimuli or state changes that do not directly drive successive” oscillatory cycles. These elementary signals are thought to mediate in the spatiotemporal synchronization of activated neuronal assemblies necessary for sensory information and “cognitive” processing. The oscillatory responses have an important role in integrating visual features into coherent perceptual representations, although this concept remains controversial.
NUTRITIONAL CONTROL OF MORPHOGENESIS IN ARTHROBACTER CRYSTALLOPOIETES

Abstract Ensign, Jerald C. (University of Illinois, Urbana), and R. S. Wolfe. Nutritional control of morphogenesis in Arthrobacter crystallopoietes. J. Bacteriol. 87:924–932. 1964.—Arthrobacter crystallopoietes exhibits the cyclic, morphological variation which is a characteristic of this genus. A simple chemically defined medium was developed in which this organism is restricted to growth and division entirely in the coccoid form. Addition singly to this medium of l-arginine, l-phenylalanine, l-asparagine, l-lysine, succinate, malate, fumarate, lactate, or butyrate results in the formation of the rod-shaped stage. A large number of other compounds either increase, have no effect on, or inhibit growth without inducing morphological change in the organisms.