cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Responses to High‐Dose Narcotic “Anesthesia” During Cardiac Surgery

Narcotics as Anesthetics. Production of profound analgesia (“narcotic anesthesia”) without hemodynamic deterioration is easily and reliably achieved in patients with compromised cardiovascular systems by intravenous administration of large doses of opioids. Even extremely high plasma levels of opioids alone often fail to prevent hypertensive responses to anesthetic and surgical stimulation. It has not been possible to define a blood level of the narcotic that is consistently associated with prevention of hemodynamic or hormonal responses. Since some of the interventions that are associated with hemodynamic and hormonal responses are probably not painful per se, the hemodynamic and hormonal responses may not represent inadequate “anesthesia,” as it is usually defined. Different narcotics have different systemic and neurally mediated effects upon muscle vascular resistance. Local infusion of morphine produces a decline in vascular resistance, whereas local infusion of sufentanil does not. Intravenous administration of morphine is associated with a transient neurally mediated, passive decline in muscle vascular resistance that appears to be due to central sympatholysis, and a persistent neurally mediated increase in muscle vascular resistance. Sufentanil actively dilates muscle vasculature by a neural mechanism. Since the latter may be blocked by local α1-adrenergic blockade or by the combination of local H1 and H2 blockers, we interpret these data to indicate that a local histaminergic system in the blood vessel walls is activated by withdrawal of α1-adrenergic activity, possibly related to an α2 agonist action of sufentanil at central nervous system receptors.
Instantaneous Load Intensities Incorporated with a Cold Region Environment for CFRP-Confined Concrete in Axial Compression

This paper presents the durability performance of axially loaded concrete cylinders with or without carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) confinement subjected to a typical cold region environment associated with various instantaneous load intensities. These factors have been identified from previous research that examines critical attributes affecting the deterioration of constructed bridges in cold climate: aging and live load. A total of 31 cylinders are tested to study the effect of such critical factors. A three-dimensional finite-element model is developed to predict test results. Load-carrying capacity of the unconfined concrete decreases due to the environmental exposure and the decrease rate is accelerated with the presence of live load effects, including substantial crack propagation. For the confined cylinders, the effect of environment and instantaneous intensities is not significant in terms of strength and energy dissipation. The ACI440.2R-08 provisions are found to be adequate to estimate the capacity of CFRP-confined concrete subjected to a combined cold region environment and live load effect.
Optimum conical bodies for grazing hyperbolic entry.

Thermal phase noise and VCO effects at ground receiver output of coherent two-way Doppler communication system
Avoiding secondary rhinoplasty

Secondary rhinoplasty can be avoided by careful analysis of the preoperative anatomy, the patient's goals, and meticulous execution of the rhinoplasty. In addition, knowledge of the problems that more commonly cause revision will allow the surgeon to avoid these pitfalls. In this article, we concentrate on the most likely causes of a secondary rhinoplasty in the dorsum, lobule, and airway and how to avoid them.
Interpersonal Problem Solving: Problem Conceptualization and Communication Use.

To date, researchers have not studied the relationship between the mental representation of interpersonal problem situations and interpersonal communication used to manage problem situations. This report examined the relationship between four types of communication (i.e., integrative, distributive, indirect, and avoidance) and fourteen perceptions of problem situations (i.e., problem uniqueness and frequency; goal importance, complexity, and mutuality; uncertainty about the other, relationship, and goal‐path; causal attribution to the self, other, intent of the other, relationship, and environment; and feelings for the other). Two studies tested hypotheses. The first study used self‐reports based on personally experienced problem situations to examine the relationship between the perceptions and perceived use of the types of communication. The second study explored the relationship between communication stimuli likely to be used in problem situations and the likelihood of the conceptualization perceptions...
THE EFFECT OF BUOYANCY ON PHASE DISTRIBUTION IN DISPERSED TURBULENT TWO-PHASE FLOWS

Advanced generation three-dimensional (3-D) two-fluid models and computational multiphase fluid dynamic (CMFD) solvers give good predictions of dispersed flows on earth (i.e., at 1 g), where the lift, wall, and turbulent dispersion forces determine the lateral void fraction distribution. However, for microgravity (μ-g) conditions these buoyancy-related forces become quite small and two-fluid model predictions are generally inadequate. This implies that some of the physics lost during ensemble averaging was not included back into the two-fluid model with the closure laws that were used. Recent modeling advances that include the effect of the phasic velocity fluctuations on the phase distribution are presented. The resultant two-fluid model was evaluated and compared with various data sets for steady, fully developed turbulent conditions using a novel one-dimensional (1-D) CMFD solver that is numerically very efficient. It was found that with the addition of these new physical mechanisms to the closure laws...
Magnetic circular dichroism: adapting an electromagnet to accommodate a standard cryostat.

An electromagnet was modified for measurements of the magnetic circular dichroism of samples held at cryogenic temperatures using a standard laboratory cryostat. The external dimensions of the cryostat are too great to permit its insertion in the air gap between the poles of the magnet without an unacceptable reduction in the strength of the magnetic field at the sample. This problem was overcome by designing new pole caps which become an integral part of the vacuum system of the cryostat. The ends of the new pole caps project into the body of the cryostat so that the gap between them is 1 in. or less, thus achieving a magnetic field exceeding one Tesla at the sample. No permanent alterations of the cryostat are required. The chief advantages of this design are economy and flexibility since a general purpose cryostat is used instead of a special unit designed to fit in the small space between the poles of an unmodified magnet. The cryostat used in this design cools the sample by conduction; thus the problem of optical distortions resulting from bubbling of liquid nitrogen or other cryogen is avoided and the temperature can be varied continuously using standard auxiliary equipment. Extramore » windows at 90/sup 0/ with respect to the optical beam permit inspection of the sample in situ and could be used for experiments such as fluorescence-detected magnetic circular dichroism which require optical access perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field.« less
Government policy and the form of local labor markets

The form of local labor markets, their rules and procedures, determine how they function. Exchange relations are then a product of specific power relations between labor and capital, mediated and s...
New and Improved Constructions of Nonmalleable Cryptographic Protocols

We present a new constant-round protocol for nonmalleable zero-knowledge. Using this protocol as a subroutine, we obtain a new constant-round protocol for nonmalleable commitments. Our constructions rely on the existence of (standard) collision-resistant hash functions. Previous constructions either relied on the existence of trapdoor permutations and hash functions that are collision resistant against subexponential-sized circuits or required a superconstant number of rounds. Additional results are the first construction of a nonmalleable commitment scheme that is statistically hiding (with respect to opening) and the first nonmalleable commitments that satisfy a strict polynomial-time simulation requirement. Our approach differs from the approaches taken in previous works in that we view nonmalleable zero-knowledge as a building block rather than an end goal. This gives rise to a modular construction of nonmalleable commitments and results in a somewhat simpler analysis.
The energetics, chemistry, and mechanics of a processive motor protein.

Abstract When kinesin moves along microtubule, it can occasionally malfunction and make a backward step. Recent single molecule experiments on moving kinesin have revealed that the forward to backward step ratio depends exponentially on the load force. We introduce a model of a Brownian step that accounts for recorded data with great accuracy. We find that the forward to backward step ratio does not depend on any structural features of the kinesin. The stepping statistics appear fully determined by the 8 nanometer stepsize, the energy that drives the step, and k B T , which is the natural “quantum” of thermal energy. With this model we next analyze the energetics of the Brownian stepper. We derive force–velocity relations for the vicinity of the “static head” case, which is when the applied force is close to the stopping force. We also derive force–velocity relations for the close-to-equilibrium case, i.e. a small load and a small ATP-ADP chemical potential.
Glassware apparatus for determining motile bacteria. 1. Salmonella.

Abstract BIBB (1927) studied the relative motilities of Salmonella typhosa, Shigella and coliform organisms through capillary tubes. When 0.5% agar was added to a lactose broth, shigellae did not migrate. The lactose fermenting coliforms could be distinguished from the Salmonella by the formation of air bubbles. Stuart and Pivnick (1965) suggested isolating Salmonella by means of a motility system. Their system required 1 to 11 days for the organisms to migrate through the medium. Then salmonellae were detected by plating on selective agars. A similar procedure incorporating an indicator to detect fermentation of mannitol and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production during the migration of the organisms through agar was reported by Banwart et al. (1966). If serological tests and isolations could be made from the organisms after growing through the agar, further enrichment would not be necessary. A glass apparatus for this purpose was developed. The apparatus is described and pure-culture studies . . .
Identity Federation-Based Mobile Messaging

This paper proposes an Identity Federation-based Mobile Messaging Framework. It leverages the existing Identity Federation concepts, with enhancements for adapting them to a Mobile Messaging scenario. We further present how the framework, can enable User Control and Privacy, with regards to their Mobile Messaging-based service invocations. Application providers can be issued dynamic transaction-based transient authorizations, which can be delegated to further Application providers for service composition-based use-cases. At the same time, the Mobile Service Provider, by virtue of having an authentication and billing-based relationship with the User, is guaranteed a place in the MM-based services value chain. We also present a set of exemplary, yet novel use-cases, enabled by the framework.
Electromagnetic coupling of coplanar waveguides and microstrip lines to highly lossy dielectric media

The spectral-domain technique is utilized to analyze the coupling characteristics of coplanar waveguides and microstrip lines coupled with multilayer lossy dielectric media. Numerical results illustrating the dispersion characteristics of coplanar and microstrip lines, as well as the various electric field components coupled to highly lossy dielectric media, are presented. It is shown that the presence of a superstrate of lossless dielectric between the coplanar waveguide and the lossy medium plays a key role in setting up an axial electric field component that facilitates leaky-wave-type coupling to the lossy medium. The thickness of the superstrate relative to the gap width in the coplanar waveguide is important in controlling the magnitude of this axial electric field component. The coupling characteristics of the microstrip and coplanar lines are compared, and results generally show improved coupling if coplanar waveguides are utilized. Values of the attenuation constant alpha are higher for coplanar waveguide than for microstrip line, and for both structures alpha decreases with frequency. >
Identifying Success in Online Teacher Education and Professional Development

The rapid pace of technological innovation, along with the global fascination with the Internet, continue to result in a dominating call to integrate Internet technologies into higher education. As this practice has evolved in recent years, the field has learned much. However, pressing questions remain as to how online and hybrid (online and face-to-face) classes may support quality and success in professional development, teacher education, and professional schools' programs. This paper presents case study research that explores the dynamics and experience offered for a professor and learners participating in a hybrid-modeled classroom in teacher education. The conceptual discussion includes potentials and limitations to be considered in further dialogue, development, and research in this area.
Expanders In Group Algebras

Let G be a finite group and let p be a prime such that (p, |G|) = 1. We study conditions under which the Abelian group $$\Bbb F$$ p [G] has a few G-orbits whose union generate it as an expander (equivalently, all the discrete Fourier coefficients (in absolute value) of this generating set are bounded away uniformly from one).We prove a (nearly sharp) bound on the distribution of dimensions of irreducible representations of G which implies the existence of such expanding orbits. We further show a class of groups for which such a bound follows from the expansion properties of G. Together, these lead to a new iterative construction of expanding Cayley graphs of nearly constant degree.
Simple cubic perovskites as components in R1−yNayBa2Cu3Ox(R=Ce, Pr, Tb)

Abstract Simple cubic perovskites derived from RBaO 3 appear in the X-ray diagrams of materials with nominal composition R 1− y Na y Ba 2 Cu 3 O x with R = Ce, Pr, Tb. Y 1− y Bi y Ba 2 Cu 3 O x also contains this structure type. Materials are not superconducting at 77 K. The absence of YBa 2 Cu 3 O x type structures in these cases is explained on thermodynamic arguments considering the high stability of phases R 4+ Ba 2+ O 3 which dominate the phase diagram.
`Brain Death' and Organ Retrieval: A Cross-sectional Survey of Knowledge and Concepts Among Health Professionals

A sample of 195 physicians and nurses likely to be involved in organ procurement for transplantation was interviewed about knowledge, personal concepts, and attitudes concerning "brain death" and organ donation. Only 68 respondents (35%) correctly identified the legal and medical criteria for determining death. Personal concepts of death varied widely. Most respondents (58%) did not use a coherent concept of death consistently; others (19%) had a concept of death that was logically consistent with changing the whole-brain standard to classify anencephalics and patients in a persistent vegetative state as dead. The findings demonstrate confusion about correct criteria for determining death and differences in concepts of death that might prove troublesome to the transplantation enterprise. We conclude that health professionals should do more to resolve the clinical and conceptual issues in the definition and determination of death before policies concerning organ retrieval are changed. (JAMA. 1989;261:2205-2210)
Improved Liver Function Following Treatment with an Extracorporeal Liver Assist Device

A 68-year-old woman with fulminant hepatic failure of unknown etiology was treated with a bioartificial liver assist device. Prior to treatment, she had a number of clinical and laboratory features that suggested a hopeless outcome. Treatment was associated with a dramatic change in her mental status, and her clinical picture improved progressively during 6 days of continuous therapy. Evidence of recovery of native liver function allowed the discontinuation of treatment, and she continued to improve for a further 3 1/2 days before her demise from septic shock. We propose that a metabolically active liver assist device is a logical and practical method for treating the critical phase of fulminant hepatic failure.
Robotics and its applications in stereotactic radiosurgery

✓ Stereotactic radiosurgery has undergone a remarkable evolution since its conception and the subsequent introduction of image-guided radiosurgery, primarily because of the concurrent advances in imaging and computer technology. However, recent improvements in real-time imaging, inverse planning techniques, and frameless alternatives have greatly enhanced the conformity and accuracy of the radiosurgical procedure. As a consequence, the possibility of hypofractionation is offered, and both intra- and extracranial targets can now be ablated with sustained submillimetric precision. Although all indispensable features, none is as impressive or useful as the incorporation of robotics, robotic beam delivery, or robotic-assisted planning, which has only served to improve the accuracy and homogeneity of therapy. The aim of this article was to describe the general technological basis of robots in radiosurgery and to review current clinical usage of robotic radiosurgery devices. Emphasis has been placed on robotic ...
Postdiapause development and phenology of the trefoil seed chalcid (Hymenoptera : Eurytomidae) and its parasitoids

Parasitoids associated with Bruchophagus platypterus (Walker) were collected in 1988 and 1989 in Wisconsin. Included were Aprostocetus (=Tetrastichus) bruchophagi (Gahan), Mesopolobus bruchophagi Gahan, Habrocytus medicaginis Gahan, and Eupelmella vesicularis (Retzius). A. bruchophagi and M. bruchophagi were the most abundant parasitoids found. Parasitism ranged from 0 to 62% and seed damage ranged from 2 to 39%. Diapause was initiated in B. platypterus and A. bruchophagi between 1 August and 5 September in northern Wisconsin. The postdiapause developmental thresholds for B. platypterus , M. bruchophagi , and A. bruchophagi were 12, 15, and 12°C respectively. Degree-day accumulations above those thresholds for adult emergence were 454, 86, and 559 for B. platypterus , M. bruchophagi , and A. bruchophagi , respectively. Sweep sample data from 3 yr agree with degree-day predictions for adult emergence.
Balanced angiotensin II receptor antagonists. II.1,2 4-aminomethyl- and acylaminomethylimidazoles

Abstract The introduction of aminomethyl and acylaminomethyl substituents at the imidazole 4-position of 1-biphenylmethylimidazole-5-carboxylates imparts affinity for the AT2 receptor. The highest affinity was found with the 4-(2-pyridyl)-piperazin-1-ylmethyl group and the use of hexanoylsulfonamide as a tetrazole replacement, which led to XM953 (18d), with an AT2IC50 of 20 nM and an AT2/AT1IC50 ratio of 3.
SPIRIT, METHOD, AND CONTENT IN SCIENCE AND RELIGION: THE THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF A GENETICIST

. There are three ways in which bridges may be built between science and theology: spirituality, methodology, and content. Spirituality is the power which drives each to address reality and the expectations with which each approaches the pursuit of truth. The methodology of science is summarized in terms of three activities: taxonomy; the hypothetico-deductive cycle; derivative technology. The content of science, especially with respect to the phenomena of givenness, connectedness and openness in the life sciences, is correlated with theological constructs. Attention is drawn to the role of the double helix in biology and a possible parallel is proposed to the function of the icon in religion and theology.
Caveolins in Epidermal Lamellar Bodies: Skin Is an Interactive Interface, Not an Inflexible Barrier

Depending on which side of skin biology one is interested in, secretion of epidermal lamellar bodies ^ the basic mechanism underlying formation, maintenance and repair of the epidermal permeability barrier ^ is viewed either as a crucial defense allowing survival in the desiccating terrestrial environment, or as a pesky challenge to be overcome in transdermal delivery of drugs, vaccines or genes. Hence the topic of permeability barrier continues to be of high interest for investigative dermatologists, as evidenced by the multitude of published papers in this journal. Caveolins are proteins associated with caveolae (a member of the membrane lipid raft family). Lipid rafts are specialized, liquid-ordered micro domains in the plasma membranes of most mammalian cells. They exhibit a unique protein and lipid composition, with a large number of signaling molecules concentrated within their domains. Lipid rafts facilitate signal trans
On gauge theories of mass

Abstract The classical Einstein–Hilbert action in general relativity extends naturally to a blow-up (in the sense of algebraic geometry) of the usual space of pseudo-Riemannian metrics; this presents the metric tensor g i k as a kind of Goldstone boson associated to the real scalar field defined by its determinant. This seems to be quite compatible with the Higgs mechanism in the standard model of particle physics.
LACK OF SIGMA-1 RECEPTOR EXACERBATES ALS PROGRESSION IN MICE

The function of the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) has been implicated in modulating the activity of various ion channels. In the CNS S1R is enriched in cholinergic postsynaptic densities in spinal cord motoneurons (MNs). Mutations in S1R have been found in familial cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this study we show that a knockout of S1R in the SOD1*G93A mouse model of ALS significantly reduces longevity (end stage). Electrophysiological experiments demonstrate that MN of mice lacking S1R exhibit increased excitability. Taken together the data suggest the S1R acts as a brake on excitability, an effect that might enhance longevity in an ALS mouse model.
Physiological and 15N-NMR analysis of molecular nitrogen fixation by Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus, Methanobacterium bryantii and Methanospirillum hungatei

Two mesophilic methanogenic bacteria, Methanobacterium bryantii strain MOH and Methanospirillum hungatei strain GP1 were demonstrated, using several different experimental approaches, to fix dinitrogen. Evidence includes (1) growth with N2 as the sole nitrogen source; (2) incorporation of 15N2 into cellular material (both soluble amino acid pools and insoluble cell protein and other macromolecules) detected by 15N-NMR spectroscopy; (3) acetylene reduction to ethylene by the cells, and inhibition of this reaction by bromoethanesulfonic acid (BES), a methanogen inhibitor. High-resolution 15N-NMR analysis of ethanol extracts of these organisms and cross-polarization magic-angle sample spinning analysis of the solid debris from these extracts are compared to labeled material from Methanococcus thermolithotrophicus, a methanogen previously determined to fix dinitrogen.
Kinetics of the complexation of nickel (II) with 8-hydroxyquinoline in aqueous solution

Abstract The complexation of nickel ion (II) with 8-Hydroxyquinoline were studied in aqueous solution for the pH range from 4.6 to 5.4 and the temperature range from 15[ddot]C to 50[ddot]C. The reactions were found to be first-order for the nickel ion concentration and inverse first-order far .the hydrogen ion concentration. The formula of the observed rate constant may be expressed as where K+1 and K−1 represent the forward and the backward step reaction rate constant, and KH1 is the eqilibrium constant for 8-hydroxyquinoline in aqueous solution. Both K+1 K−1 follow Arrhenius equation behavior and the activation energy is calculated as 8.9 Kcal/g-mole for the forward reaction and 10.63 Kcal/g-mole for the backward reaction.
Acylation of Class A β-lactamases by Penicillins: A Theoretical Examination of the Role of Serine 130 and the β-lactam Carboxylate Group

Herein we present results of a computational study on the benzylpenicillin acylation of the class A TEM1 β-lactamase via hydroxyl-only and hydroxyl and carboxylate assisted processes. These mechanisms correspond to a one-step Ser130-assisted process and a second route in which the β-lactam carboxylate and the Ser130 hydroxyl group help the proton transfer from the hydroxyl group of Ser70 to the β-lactam leaving N atom. The internal geometry of the reactive part of the TEM1-benzylpenicillin system is taken from a B3LYP/6-31+G* computational study on the methanol-assisted methanolysis reaction of a penicillin model compound (3α-carboxypenam). The 6-acylamino side chain and the 2-methyl groups of benzylpenicillin, together with the closer residues around the essential Ser70, are relaxed by carrying out geometry optimizations with a hybrid QM/MM method. The corresponding relative energies in the protein combine the B3LYP/6-31+G* electronic energies of the reactive subsystem with semiempirical PM3 energies of ...
THE HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN NERVE CELLS DUE TO TOTAL TEMPORARY ANÆMIA OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

With the return of the circulation, dilation of the pericellular lymph space and slight swelling of the cell body occurs, disappearing as recovery progresses. Chromatolysis, as evidenced by poor affinity for stains, clumping, diffuse staining, and breaking into dust-like particles, induced by anaemia, is not necessarily fatal. Death of the cell is not shown histologically when tissue is removed and fixed immediately after the experiment. Some time must elapse for the detection of the vacuolation, displacement of the nucleus and solution of the chromatic substance, indicative of profound changes. Neurones from different regions as well as neurones of the same region differ in degree of resistance to anaemia. The small pyramidal cells are the most susceptible, and then come the Purkinje cells, cells of the medulla oblongata, retina, cervical cord, lumbar cord, spinal ganglia and, most resistant of all, the sympathetic ganglion cells. Failure to resuscitate animals after anaemia of the central nervous system is probably due to the destruction of many of the cells of the vital centers (vaso-motor and respiratory) which do not have histological peculiarities by which they may be defined. Death, however, of a few cells of any center does not necessarily mean the total loss of function of that center, since the remaining cells may be sufficient to discharge the function of the center.
Infant looking patterns

Abstract The looking ability of infants the ability to integrate head and eye movements to a line of sight was examined in infants 4–5 weeks old 8–10 weeks old and 14–15 weeks old. The apparatus allowed for independent measurement of head movements eye movements and a combined line of sight measurement. Four looking patterns were found in all the infants regardless of age. The Shift pattern integrated saccadic eye movements with smooth head movements. The Search pattern coordinated a large slow head displacement with a series of eye fixations. The Compensation pattern maintained the line of regard despite head or eye drifts. In the Focal pattern the head was stable while a series of eye fixations explored a limited portion of the visual field. The older infants showed more frequent changes of line of regard and their looks were of larger amplitude.
Full wave EM calculation of polarimetric variables for the atmospheric scatterers with nonspheroidal shape

A model of spheroid is commonly utilized to simulate polarimetric characteristics of natural scatterers in atmosphere such as hydrometeors or biota (birds, insects, bats, etc.) The estimates of polarimetric radar variables are usually obtained using either closed form Rayleigh solutions, if size of particle is much smaller than radar wavelength or T-matrix codes otherwise.
Mode analysis of a multilayered dielectric-loaded accelerating structure

Abstract In this paper we evaluate a cylindrical metallic waveguide lined with multiple layers of dielectric for use as a slow-wave microwave accelerating structure. A general analysis of this traveling wave, multilayered, dielectric-loaded accelerating structure is presented including field solutions for both the TM (acceleration) modes and HEM (parasitic) modes. Furthermore, we present a recursive design procedure for choosing the layer thicknesses, calculation of the standard accelerator figures of merit such as the quality factor Q and shunt impedance per unit length r , and an easy to implement method for damping the HEM modes. Most importantly, it is shown that this multilayered DLA structure has a dramatically improved attenuation compared to the conventional single-layered dielectric-loaded structure while maintaining comparable shunt impedance. As a numerical example, we compare an 11.424 GHz multilayered structure using 4 layers and an 11.424 GHz conventional single-layered structure.
Concern about toxic wastes: Three demographic predictors

Campaigns against toxic waste problems are emerging as a grass-roots social movement in hundreds of American communities. This article examines survey data from two such communities (Acton, Massachusetts, and Williamstown, Vermont), which have recently experienced problems with toxic waste contamination. Multivariate log-linear analyses indicate that concern about contamination problems is highest among younger respondents, among women, and among those who have children under 18. These basic conclusions are found to be robust across different model specifications, different estimation strategies, and across a wide variety of specific issues and measures for toxic-waste concern in three different communities. The findings provide insight into the intensity of opposition to toxic wastes, differences between toxic wastes and many other environmental issues, and the difference in perspective between local citizens' groups and the corporate and government officals with whom they must deal.
Seasonal abundances of the psammic rotifers of a physically controlled stream

The psammic rotifer community inhabiting the bottom of a second order stream partially under the influence of acid mine drainage was studied from May, 1978 to November, 1979. Thirty-one species of rotifers were found, but abundances were very low (range 0.0 to 8.6 cm-3). Total rotifer density and densities of major genera differed significantly over time, among sites and between depths in the sediment (P < .01). Highest densities occurred in the top 1 cm of sediment during periods of stream stability in the late summer and fall. Total rotifer density and densities of Lecane spp., Cephalodella spp. and Trichocerca spp. were positively correlated with alkalinity and negatively correlated with manganese (canonical correlation, p < .05). Densities of all taxa were negatively correlated with variability in water chemistry. Total rotifer density was found to be positively correlated with minimum monthly temperature (r = 0.6, P <. 05) and to lag behind the temperature cycle by 6 weeks. Rotifer species were found to be randomly distributed in time and space with no evidence which might suggest competitive exclusion. A highly variable and unpredictable environment is thought to keep density and diversity low in this community.
Layered Manufacturing by Electrophotographic Printing

A layered manufacturing technique that uses electrophotography is described where powder is picked up and deposited using a charged photoconducting surface and deposited layer by layer on a build platform. A test bed was designed and constructed to study the application of electrophotography to layered manufacturing. The test bed can precisely deposit powder in the desired shape on each layer. The feasibility of printing powder layer by layer was demonstrated. The electric field required to transfer the powder on to the platform (or onto previously printed layers) was studied. It was found that corona charging the top layer of the part is necessary to continue printing powder as the part height increases.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Estimation of fixed effect models for time series of cross-sections with arbitrary intertemporal covariance

Abstract Models for time series of cross-sections with fixed effects and with intertemporal correlation are considered. The regression coefficients, and their standard errors, can be estimated by generalized least squares applied to a transformed model. The procedure is given a conditional likelihood interpretation.
Mutation of the Theiler's virus leader protein zinc-finger domain impairs apoptotic activity in murine macrophages.

NOTICE: This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Virus Research. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Virus Research, Vol 177, Issue 2, 2013 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.09.001
Lung volumes and distribution of ventilation in survivors to congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) during infancy.

The assessment of lung volumes, particularly functional residual capacity (FRC), is crucial for understanding lung development during infancy in CDH patients. Aim To evaluate changes in lung function during infancy in subjects with CDH treated with a “gentle ventilation” technique and delayed surgery strategy in the neonatal period. Methods 13 CDH infants were studied twice and compared with a population of 28 healthy infants (HI). Tidal-Volume (Vt), respiratory rate (RR) and time to peak expiratory flow/expiratory time ratio (tPTEF/Te) were measured with an ultrasonic flow meter; Compliance (Crs) and Resistance (Rrs) of the respiratory system were studied with the single occlusion technique; FRC and Lung Clearance Index (LCI), were assessed with the sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) wash-in/wash-out technique. The differences between the first (T1) and second (T2) measurement in the CDH group were assessed by the Student's t-test for paired values. For each set of measurement (T1 and T2) the values were compared with HI by Student's t-test. Results Mean age at test was 7.5 ± 5.2 months for HI, 4.5 ± 2.5 at T1 and 11.9 ± 4.5 months at T2 for CDH infants. At T1 there were no significant differences between CDH infants and HI in Vt, Crs, and FRC, while tPTEF/te ratio was lower and RR, Rrs, and LCI were higher in CDH patients than in HI. At T2 Vt, Crs, and FRC remained normal in CDH patients as well as RR that, at this time was not different between CDH and healthy infants; tPTEF/te remained below and Rrs and LCI remained above normal ranges, indicating a persistent impairment in lower airways patency. Conclusions Lung function in infants with severe CDH is characterized by a persistent impairment in airways patency and significant inhomogeneity of ventilation, suggesting a peripheral bronchial obstruction even if the other lung function tests are within normal ranges. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:600–604. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Conditional Yeast E1 Mutant Blocks the Ubiquitin–Proteasome Pathway and Reveals a Role for Ubiquitin Conjugates in Targeting Rad23 to the Proteasome

E1 ubiquitin activating enzyme catalyzes the initial step in all ubiquitin-dependent processes. We report the isolation of uba1-204, a temperature-sensitive allele of the essential Saccharomyces cerevisiae E1 gene, UBA1. Uba1-204 cells exhibit dramatic inhibition of the ubiquitin–proteasome system, resulting in rapid depletion of cellular ubiquitin conjugates and stabilization of multiple substrates. We have employed the tight phenotype of this mutant to investigate the role ubiquitin conjugates play in the dynamic interaction of the UbL/UBA adaptor proteins Rad23 and Dsk2 with the proteasome. Although proteasomes purified from mutant cells are intact and proteolytically active, they are depleted of ubiquitin conjugates, Rad23, and Dsk2. Binding of Rad23 to these proteasomes in vitro is enhanced by addition of either free or substrate-linked ubiquitin chains. Moreover, association of Rad23 with proteasomes in mutant and wild-type cells is improved upon stabilizing ubiquitin conjugates with proteasome inhibitor. We propose that recognition of polyubiquitin chains by Rad23 promotes its shuttling to the proteasome in vivo.
The Effect of Hyperventilation on Various Arrhythmias

The influence of hyperventilation on various cardiac arrhythmias is examined. Auricular and ventricular extrasystoles disappear temporarily, paroxysmal auricular and ventricular tachycardias aswell as attacks of short paroxysmal auricular fibrillation are abolished by hyperventilation. An attempt is made to explain these phenomena.
Comparison of results of Mussel Watch Programs of the United States and France with Worldwide Mussel Watch Studies

As part of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program compiled the World Mussel Watch (WMW) data base with results from the analyses of marine or estuarine mussels or oysters as far back in time as possible. Here we compare WMW data with results from two long-term Mussel Watch Programs, the Reseau National d'Observation de la Qualite du Mulieu Marin (RNO) Mussel Watch in France and NS&T Program in the United States. The medians and 85th percentiles for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Ag, Cd, Hg and Pb in mussels and oysters were calculated for the WMW, NS&T and RNO Mussel Watch programs. While there was generally good agreement for medians among all three data sets, the upper ends of the WMW concentrations tend to be higher than their NS&T and RNO counterparts. This probably reflects the fact that the latter two programs emphasize collection of mollusks at representative sites rather than within small areas of extreme contamination such as near waste discharges.
Application of the Bethe-Weiss Method to the Theory of Antiferromagnetism

The P. R. Weiss method developed in the theory of ferromagnetism is applied to antiferromagnetism by introducing sublattices. Atomic lattices (spin \textonehalf{} per atom) with negative Heisenberg exchange coupling $J$ between the nearest neighbors are investigated. It has been found that two-dimensional lattices cannot sustain antiferromagnetic order. The Curie temperatures of the simple cubic and b.c.c. structure are, respectively, $\frac{2.004|J|}{k}$ and $\frac{3.18|J|}{k}$. That the f.c.c. lattice cannot be ordered by the interactions among the nearest neighbors is deduced from the disorder of a quadratic layer and the ineffectiveness of the interactions between layers in a f.c.c. lattice in producing order. This helps to understand why the ordering pattern of spins in Mn ions in MnO should be such as observed by Shull. Curves are obtained for reciprocal susceptibility and for short-range order vs temperature above the Curie point ${T}_{c}$. The experimental formula $\ensuremath{\chi}=\frac{\mathrm{const}}{(T+\ensuremath{\theta})}$ is compared with our theory. We obtain for the simple cubic and b.c.c. lattice $\ensuremath{\theta}=1.5{T}_{c} \mathrm{and} 1.25{T}_{c}$ respectively if we extrapolate our theoretical curve from extremely high temperatures, and $\ensuremath{\theta}$ is slightly higher than these values if we extrapolate from the temperature range at which experimental readings are taken. This compares more favorably with the experimental data than the prediction $\ensuremath{\theta}={T}_{c}$ of the molecular field theory. The general validity of our theory and its failure in the range of low temperatures are discussed.
International cometary explorer encounter with giacobini-zinner: magnetic field observations.

The vector helium magnetometer on the International Cometary Explorer observed the magnetic fields induced by the interaction of comet Giacobini-Zinner with the solar wind. A magnetic tail was penetrated about 7800 kilometers downstream from the comet and was found to be 10,000 kilometers wide. It consisted of two lobes, containing oppositely directed fields with strengths up to 60 nanoteslas, separated by a plasma sheet about 1000 kilometers thick containing a thin current sheet. The magnetotail was enclosed in an extended ionosheath characterized by intense hydromagnetic turbulence and interplanetary fields draped around the comet. A distant bow wave, which may or may not have been a bow shock, was observed at both edges of the ionoshpeath. Weak turbulence was observed well upstream of the bow wave.
A Replication of “Coveting Thy Neighbor’s Manufacturing: The Dilemma of State Income Apportionment” (Journal of Public Economics 2000)

Goolsbee and Maydew (G&M) reported that lowering the weight on payroll in states’ corporate income tax apportionment formulae had the potential to raise manufacturing employment. Their analyses continue to be cited in academic articles and are still influential in the policy debate. I gather data and attempt to replicate their analyses and findings. I identify an apparent but inconsequential error in G&M’s sample, and I replicate the most widely cited result in the original article. Other results are substantively but not quantitatively replicated. I show that G&M’s results are sensitive to relatively arbitrary choices about the sample that is used. I argue that the most cited result in the article does not come from the most preferred econometric specification and that when the most preferred econometric specification is used G&M’s original article found no statistically significant evidence that lowering the apportionment weight on payroll raises employment. Similarly, when I use this specification with...
Surface Temperature Measurement Errors

Mathematical models are developed for the response of surface mounted thermocouples on a thick wall. These models account for the significant causes of errors in both the transient and steady-state response to changes in the wall temperature. In many cases, closed form analytical expressions are given for the response. The cases for which analytical expressions are not obtained can be easily evaluated on a programmable calculator or a small computer.
Periodontal disease is associated with renal insufficiency in the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (ARIC) study

Background: Periodontitis, a chronic bacterial infection of the oral cavity, is a novel risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given the numerous shared risk factors for CVD and chronic kidney disease (CKD), we hypothesized that periodontitis also is associated with renal insufficiency in the Dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 5,537 middle-aged black and white men and women. Periodontitis was determined by using an independent clinically derived definition and categorized as healthy/gingivitis, initial, and severe. Renal insufficiency is defined as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for renal insufficiency using healthy/gingivitis as the referent group. Results: A total of 2,276 individuals had initial periodontitis, and 947 individuals had severe periodontal disease. One hundred ten individuals (2%) had a GFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Compared with healthy/gingivitis, initial and severe periodontal disease were associated with a GFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (odds ratio, 2.00; 95% confidence interval, 1.23 to 3.24) for initial periodontal disease and an odds ratio of 2.14 for severe disease (95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 3.85) after adjustment for important risk factors for CVD and CKD. Sensitivity analysis showed that initial and severe periodontitis were each associated with an elevated serum creatinine level (men, >1.4 mg/dL [>124 μmol/L]; women, >1.2 mg/dL [>106 μmol/L]; odds ratio, 3.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.32 to 7.76 and odds ratio, 5.39; 95% confidence interval, 2.08 to 13.99, respectively). Conclusion: This is the first study to show an association of periodontal disease with prevalent renal insufficiency. A prospective study is necessary to determine the exact nature of the observed relationship.
Wallace's unfinished business: The “Other Man” in evolutionary theory

After a century in the shadows, Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913) has recently become the subject of increasing attention. It is suggested here, expanding on observations made by anthropologist Gregory Bateson some years ago, that Wallace's cybernetics-like view of the operation of natural selection—as a governor-like principle tending to keep species unvarying—can be expanded to a more complete evolutionary understanding by exploring in modern context Wallace's idea that “more recondite forces” are driving the process. Specifically, when the environment is regarded as a final cause (but not a deterministic force), individual adaptations may be viewed as entropy-relaying structures (acting in response to, and as a part of, larger scale biogeochemical agenda), whereas negentropy is accumulated by nonrandomly directed organism- and population-level forms of ecological engagement. Thus, range change in particular is viewed as a process that is both driven and nonrandom, and ultimately connected to the derivation of more and more organized individual, population, and community structures. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 10:25–32, 2004
An associative static and dynamic convex hull algorithm

This paper presents a new static and dynamic recursive parallel algorithm for the convex hull problem. This algorithm is a parallel adaptation of the Graham Scan and Quick Hull algorithms. The computational model selected for this algorithm is the associative computing model (ASC) which supports massive parallelism through the use of data parallelism and constant time associative search and maximum functions. Also, ASC can be supported on existing SIMD computers. The static algorithm requires O(n) space, O(log n) average case running time, and O(n) worst case running time. If O(log n) ISs are used the, static algorithm should have an average running time of O(log log n).
Trajectory design for formations of robots by kinetic energy shaping

We develop a method for generating smooth trajectories for a set of mobile robots. Given two end configurations, by tuning one parameter, the user can choose an interpolating trajectory from a continuum of curves varying from that corresponding to maintaining a rigid formation to motion of the robots toward each other The idea behind our method is to change the original constant kinetic energy metric in the configuration space and can be summarized into three steps. First, the energy of the motion as a rigid structure is decoupled from the energy of motion along directions that violate the rigid constraints. Next, the metric is "shaped" by assigning different weights to each term. Finally, geodesic flow is constructed for the modified metric. The optimal motions generated on the manifolds of rigid body displacements in 3D space or in plane, and the uniform rectilinear motion of each robot corresponding to a totally uncorrelated approach are particular cases of our general treatment.