cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A "FAIR" COMPARISON OF PROGRESSIVE AND IMAGINAL RELAXATION

Progressive and imaginal relaxation-training procedures are difficult to compare because the latter takes many forms. In this study, an imaginal procedure was used that closely followed progressive operations except that muscle tension was imagined rather than experienced. The dependent variable was the total score on the Relaxation Inventory. College students were placed in groups (ns = 50) high and low on suggestibility based on scores on the Creative Imagination Scale, assigned in equal numbers to the imaginal and progressive relaxation conditions and given four sessions of relaxation training The pre- and posttrials effects were significant within each of the four training sessions. There were no significant differences in reports of relaxation by the progressive and imaginal treatments. The expected cumulative effect of relaxation training across the four sessions was not found; in fact, the imaginal condition showed a significant decrease. The only significant suggestibility effect was an interactio...
WATER SENSITIVITY OF SANDSTONES.

Experimental and theoretical studies have been carried out to elucidate the mechanism of water sensitivity of Berea Sandstone and quantify a number of important parameters. Based on the results of a number of novel experiments, a physical model has been developed. In this model, clay particles are released only when the salt concentration falls below a critical salt concentration. These colloidal clay particles remain dispersed in fresh water and are carried with the flowing fluid until they are captured at a local pore constriction, thereby decreasing permeability. A mathematical model based on this mechanism has been developed. This model contains two parameters stemming from the rate equations of the release and capture of clay particles. Correlations of these parameters with flowrate and temperature are presented. 9 refs.
Use of Native and Derivatized Cyclodextrin Based and Macrocyclic Glycopeptide Based Chiral Stationary Phases for the Enantioseparation of Pterocarpans by HPLC

Abstract The enantioselectivity of native and derivatized cyclodextrin stationary phases and macrocyclic glycopeptides for chiral pterocarpans was evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All enantiomers could be baseline resolved in the reverse phase mode on cyclodextrin‐based Cyclobond chiral stationary phases (CSPs). The hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, acetyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, and gamma‐cyclodextrin CSPs show the broadest enantioselectivity in the reverse phase mode. Some compounds were baseline separated on the ristocetin A and vancomycin macrocyclic glycopeptide chiral stationary phases in the reverse phase mode. Separations on the ristocetin A columns produced the highest resolutions (up to ∼7.1) in this study. The 3,5‐dimethylphenyl carbamate derivatized cyclodextrin column showed the broadest enantioselectivity in normal phase LC. Of the macrocyclic glycopeptide CSPs, ristocetin A and teicoplanin aglycone (Chirobiotic R and TAG, respectively) showed enantioselectivity for the mos...
Evidence for the DNA binding and adduct formation of estrone and 17β-estradiol after dimethyldioxirane activation

Abstract Estrogens, used widely from hormone replacement therapy to cancer treatment, are themselves carcinogenic, causing uterine and breast cancers. However, the mechanism of their carcinogenic action is still not known. Recently, we found that estrone (E 1 ) and 17 β -estradiol (E 2 ) could be activated by the versatile epoxide-forming oxidant dimethyldioxirane (DMDO), resulting in the inhibition of rat liver nuclear and nucleolar RNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Since epoxidation is often required for the activation of chemical carcinogens, we proposed that estrogen epoxidation is the underlying mechanism for the initiation of estrogen carcinogenesis (Carcinogenesis 17 (1996) 1957–1961). It is known that initiation requires the binding of a carcinogen to DNA with the formation of DNA adducts. One of the critical tests of our hypothesis is therefore to determine whether E 1 and E 2 after activation are able to bind DNA. This paper reports that after DMDO activation, [ 3 H]E 1 and [ 3 H]E 2 were able to bind to both A-T and G-C containing DNAs. Furthermore, the formation of E 1 –DNA and E 2 –DNA adducts was detected by 32 P-postlabeling analysis.
A normal coordinate analysis of the vibrational modes of the three redox forms of methylviologen: Comparison with experimental results

Abstract A normal coordinate analysis of the three redox forms of methylviologen (MV) was accomplished using a simplified valence force field. The calculated band frequencies are compared with those observed experimentally. The plausibility of the assignments for the Raman Ag modes, as inferred from the normal coordinate analysis, is discussed. The assignments of several Raman Ag modes were checked by a comparison of the observed Raman spectra of viologens with different substituents, such as methyl group deuterated methyl viologen (DV), N-octyl-N′-methyl viologen (C8MV), N-hexadecyl-N′-methyl viologen (C16MV) and dibenzyl viologen (BV), with MV. The values of the root mean square (r.m.s.) amplitudes of vibrations between the bonded and the nonbonded atom pairs, and r.m.s. Cartesian displacements from the equilibrium geometry for MV2+ were computed. These data provide important insight with respect to the molecular geometry.
Acute toxicity of copper to three life stages of Chironomus tentans as affected by water hardness-alkalinity

Abstract The acute toxicity of copper to first-and fourth-instar larvae of the midge Chironomus tentans was determined in soft, medium and hard water (43, 110 and 172 mg litre −1 as CaCO 3 total hardness, respectively). Percentage hatch of C. tentans eggs as influenced by copper concentration was studied in soft and hard water. Fourth instars were 12–27 times more resistant to copper stress than were first instars. Eggs were much more resistant to copper than either larval stage. Water hardness-alkalinity had a significant effect on copper toxicity to both larval instars. The concentration of copper necessary to immobilise 50% of the test population after 96 h (96-h EC 50 ) was not significantly different in soft and medium water (16·7 and 36·5 μg Cu litre −1 , respectively) for first-instar larvae, but both were significantly less than in hard water (98·2 μg Cu litre −1 ). Mean 96-h EC 50 s for fourth-instar larvae were not significantly different in medium (997·5 μg Cu litre −1 ) and hard (1184·6 μg Cu litre −1 ) water, but both were significantly higher than in soft (211·8 μg Cu litre −1 ) water. The influence of hardness-alkalinity on hatching success was less apparent. Percentage hatch in soft water was significantly reduced only at 5000 μg C litre −1 , while in hard water, percentage hatch was not affected even at that copper concentration. If sensitivity to copper is representative of sensitivity to other chemicals, the practice of using fourth-instar larvae in toxicity tests may grossly underestimate the sensitivity of the species to toxicants.
Differential methylation of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA in cultured mouse, hamster and virus-transformed hamster cells. In vivo and in vitro methylation.

Abstract Information has been lacking as to whether mitochondrial DNA of animal cells is methylated. The methylation patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear DNAs of several mammalian cell lines have therefore been compared by four methods: (1) in vivo transfer of the methyl group from [methyl-3H]methionine; (2) in vivo incorporation of [32P]orthophosphate and a combination of (1) and (2); (3) in vivo incorporation of [3H]deoxycytidine; (4) in vitro methylation of DNAs with 3H-labeled S-adenosylmethionine as methyl donor and DNA methylase preparations from L cell nuclei. The cell lines were mouse L cells, BHK21 C13 , C13 B4 (baby hamster kidney cells transformed by the Bryan strain of Rouse sarcoma virus), and PyY (BHK cells transformed by polyoma virus). DNA bases were separated chromatographically, using 5-methylcytosine, 6-methylaminopurine and, in some cases, 7-methylguanine as markers. Mitochondrial DNA was found to be significantly less methylated than nuclear DNA with respect to 5-methylcytosine in all cell types studied and by all methods used. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each method have been discussed. The level of 5-methylcytosine in mitochondrial DNA as compared with that in nuclear DNA was estimated as one-fourth to one-fourteenth in various cell lines. The estimated 5-methylcytosine content per circular mitochondrial DNA molecule (mol. wt 10 × 106) was about 12 methylcytosine residues for L cells and 24, 30 and 36 methylcytosine residues for BHK, B4 and PyY cells, respectively. Relative to cytosine residues, the estimate was one 5-methylcytosine per 500 cytosine residues of mitochondrial DNA and one 5-methylcytosine per 36 cytosine residues of nuclear DNA from L-cells. The values for methylcytosine of mitochondrial DNA are presumed to be maximal. PyY cells as compared with other cells had the highest methylcytosine content of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA as estimated by method (3). No methylation of nuclear DNA was observed in confluent L cells. Evidence for the presence of DNA methylase activity associated with mitochondrial fractions was obtained. This activity could be distinguished from other cellular DNA methylase activity by differential response to mercaptoethanol. Radioactivity from 3H-labeled S-adenosylmethionine was found only in 5-methyl-cytosine of DNA.
Value of skin biopsy.

In regard to the recent report, “The specificity of histopathology in erythrodernia” by Zip, Murray and Walsh (j cutaneous Pathology 1993: 20: 393) 1 would like to Comment on the conclusions drawn from our previous article (Ref. #8, Southern Medical J 1986: 79: 1210). We reported that 43% of skin biopsies were highly suggestive or truly diagnostic and did not “aver that it [skin biopsy] is of little or no value” (Discussion, p. 395). We do not agree that the diagnostic value ol skin biopsies in erythrodermic patients is in question as both positive and negative data are highly relevant. Skin biopsies are helpful and the results are accurate in the setting described, but the clinical population was very different from that likely to be evaluated by pathologists in a general hospital setting.
Replacement of the ascending aorta in bicuspid aortic valve disease: where do we draw the line?

During the past decade, there has been increasing attention to the risk of aortic complications associated with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) disease. BAV is a curious experiment of nature in the biology of aortic aneurysmal disease and, therefore, has been the subject of considerable scientific investigation. It iswidely recognized that BAVdisease is a heritable condition transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion with incomplete penetrance. The occurrence of an associated aortopathy independent of functional valve disease is also well documented. Although the associated aneurysmal dilatation of the ascending aorta has been thought by many to be a hemodynamic effect, analogous to post-stenotic dilatation, it is increasingly recognized that this is an inherent abnormality of the aorta. Significant ascending aortic enlargement is present in 30% to 60% of patients with BAV, and in many instances, particularly when BAV is associated with aortic insufficiency, the aortic valve annulus is significantly enlarged, as may be the sinuses of Valsalva. It has also long been recognized that patients with BAV are overrepresented in autopsy studies of dissection, making up as many as 10% of these individuals. Because BAV is thought to occur in the general population at a frequency of 1%, this is a significant overrepresentation. Of note, the diameter of these BAV-associated aortas before dissection is, of course, unknown. In addition, progressive enlargement of the ascending aorta after aortic valve replacement has been documented, as has excess longterm mortality among patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for bicuspid disease compared with trileaflet valves. Accordingly, an increasingly aggressive approach to the surgical replacement of the ascending aorta at the time of aortic valve replacement in the presence of BAV has been advocated. Given the evidence from multiple studies that aortic dissection may occur at dimensions less than 5 cm, including among patients with BAV, current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend concomitant ascending aortic
Music as a Medium of Oral Transmission in Jesus Communities

The oral transmission of early Christian traditions continues to be a subject of scholarly interest (see, e.g., Bauckham, J. Dewey, Dunn, Gerhardsson, Hearon, Kelber, Le Donne, Wire). Relatively unexplored is the intersection between the transmission of oral traditions and music as a medium of communication in the ancient world. In turn, while there is no shortage of studies on music, singing, and hymnody in the early church (Cosgrove, McKinnon, Quasten, J. A. Smith, W. S. Smith, Page, to name but a few), these studies tend to focus more on questions of terminology, origins, settings, and content than on how music functioned as a medium of communication. In this essay, I seek to fill this gap by examining music as a medium of communication in the ancient world and proposing ways in which attention to music opens new avenues of exploration in the study of oral traditions.
Explaining the Gender Gap in Fear of Crime: Assessments of Risk and Vulnerability Among New York City Residents

In the fear of crime literature, there is a consensus that women consistently report higher levels of fear. I examine how men and women assess their risks in light of prior experience, the environm...
Heavy systems at intermediate energies in the Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck approach

The Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck equation is applied to nucleus-nucleus collisions with heavy targets, extending previous work on light systems. The model exhibits a hot source of nonequilibrated particles, giving single-particle spectra that are in reasonable agreement with experiment for the case studied, 84A MeV $^{12}\mathrm{C}$${+}^{197}$Au. However, the source is not localized in space, which questions the validity of models using global or local thermal equilibrium. The equilibration of the heavy remnant is not completed by 180 fm/c and turns out to be a complicated interplay between the mean field and collisions. The projectile transfers nearly all of its linear momentum to the target for energies up to 30A MeV. At higher energies the linear momentum transfer is incomplete, even for central collisions.
Ecological Adaptations in Douglas-Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca): a Synthesis

Abstract Measurements of 3rd-year height of 228 seedling populations, grown in four separate studies in two of the same common gardens, were used to summarize patterss of genetic variation for Douglas-fir across 250 000 km2 of forested lands in Idaho and Montana, U.S.A. Because each study was conducted in different years with a different set of populations, measurements were transformed to standard deviates and then were scaled according to the performance of populations common between studies. Genetic variation in 3rd-year height was related to the elevation and geographic location of the seed source by a regression model that accounted for 87% of the variance among populations. In addition, 3rd-year height of 169 of the populations was strongly correlated (r = 0.80) to freezing injury observed in previous studies. Both variables showed hat populations from elevationally or geographically mild sites were tall but had low freezing tolerance. Populations from harsh sites were short and cold-hardy. In Douglas-fir, adaptation to heterogeneous environments can be viewed as physiological specialization for a relatively small portion of the environmental gradient; populations separated by a relatively short distance along the environmental gradient (e.g., 20 frost-free days) tend to be different genetically.
Evaluating screw performance: Extrusion process stability and the degree of mixing from melt rheology data and from measurement on an instrumented extruder

A comprehensive study of polyethylene extrusion was carried out with an instrumented extruder on several screws differing in geometry and paralleled with capillary rheometry of the extrudate leading to melt viscosity and elasticity functions. Assuming Oldroyd's constitutive equation for molten polyethylene and the extrudate melt temperature oscillation (ΔTm) as a measure of the process stability and an indication of melt mixing quality, it was found that the product of the dimensionless numbers (Deborah, De and Brinkman, Br) correlates well (r = 0.93) with ΔTm. Since the Br and De groups follow from the rheological characteristics of the melt and the extrusion process parameters, a relationship of type: ΔTm = a + b (De) (Br) appears useful in designing an extrusion process (for a polymer of known rheology) with respect to its stability, and indirectly, its mixing efficiency.
Mechanism and regulation of acetylated histone binding by the tandem PHD finger of DPF3b

Histone lysine acetylation or methylation helps to regulate chromatin functions during gene transcription. Histone acetylation marks are typically recognized by proteins containing bromodomains, but recently, an alternative mechanism of acetyl-lysine binding was recognized in the tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) finger of human DPF3b, a protein that functions in gene activation. The three-dimensional solution structures of DPF3b bound to a lysine 14-acetylated histone H3 peptide have now been determined, offering mechanistic insight into the way the protein recognizes acetylation marks. The lysine residues of histone proteins can be acetylated or methylated, with important effects on gene expression. Until recently the protein modules that bind acetyl-lysine have been limited to bromodomains. However, the tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) finger of human DPF3b — which is involved in gene activation — has also been reported to bind to acetylated histones. Here, three-dimensional solution structures of DPF3b offer mechanistic insight into how this protein recognizes acetylation marks. Histone lysine acetylation and methylation have an important role during gene transcription in a chromatin context1,2. Knowledge concerning the types of protein modules that can interact with acetyl-lysine has so far been limited to bromodomains1. Recently, a tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) finger3 (PHD1–PHD2, or PHD12) of human DPF3b, which functions in association with the BAF chromatin remodelling complex to initiate gene transcription during heart and muscle development, was reported to bind histones H3 and H4 in an acetylation-sensitive manner4, making it the first alternative to bromodomains for acetyl-lysine binding5. Here we report the structural mechanism of acetylated histone binding by the double PHD fingers of DPF3b. Our three-dimensional solution structures and biochemical analysis of DPF3b highlight the molecular basis of the integrated tandem PHD finger, which acts as one functional unit in the sequence-specific recognition of lysine-14-acetylated histone H3 (H3K14ac). Whereas the interaction with H3 is promoted by acetylation at lysine 14, it is inhibited by methylation at lysine 4, and these opposing influences are important during transcriptional activation of the mouse DPF3b target genes Pitx2 and Jmjd1c. Binding of this tandem protein module to chromatin can thus be regulated by different histone modifications during the initiation of gene transcription.
The recent behavior of Japanese imports: A disaggregated analysis

Abstract This study investigates the factors behind the recent surge in Japanese imports. It finds evidence of a rise in the long-run income elasticity of total real imports in the mid-1980s. The increase derives from similar behavioral changes at the end-use level and, to a lesser extent, major compositional shifts in the structure of Japanese imports. The behavioral changes in aggregate and end-use imports are likely to reflect important structural developments in the Japanese import market and have potentially significant implications for the impact of macroeconomic policies in Japan on future import performance.
Prevascular hernias of the abdominal wall: a difficult problem, a difficult repair.

Secondary prevascular hernias occurring anterior to the iliofemoral vessels and involving the lower abdominal wall are rare. These hernias can be difficult to repair because of loss of the inguinal ligament and the musculofascial elements of the inguinal region. We describe a new technique of repair using an intraperitoneal sling of prosthetic material. The sling is sewn posteriorly to the anterior surface of the sacrum, and is then draped caudally to be sewn to the pubis and Cooper’s ligaments before being reflected anterior to be sewn to the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall. This sling “patches” the hernia defect as a form of intraperitoneal sublay. We describe three such patients with satisfactory results at follow-ups of 8–16 months. Potential problems and considerations are discussed.
Extent, Type, Preferences and Consequences of Crisis Intervention Training for Teachers

Abstract This study addresses the issue of including crisis intervention training as a component of teacher preparation programs. Results demonstrated that (a) few teachers receive training as a component of formal coursework, but the substantive majority are expected to perform crisis intervention at varying levels of involvement; (b) measurable improvements in self‐efficacy to perform interventions were achieved with short‐term training; (c) recognition and delivery training produced higher self‐efficacy than recognition training alone; and (d) recognition training using behavioral cues, rather than life events, was the preferred approach. Noting the important need for training of this type in teacher preparation programs, it was concluded that, if mental health instruction cannot be expanded generally, crisis intervention training should be provided specifically.
CAUSE: Critical Application Usage-Aware Memory System using Non-volatile Memory for Mobile Devices

Mobile devices are severely limited in memory, which affects critical user-experience metrics such as application service time. Emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies such as STT-RAM and PCM are ideal candidates to provide higher memory capacity with negligible energy overhead. However, existing memory management systems overlook mobile users application usage which provides crucial cues for improving user experience. In this paper, we propose CAUSE, a novel memory system based on DRAM-NVM hybrid memory architecture. CAUSE takes explicit account of the application usage patterns to distinguish data criticality and identify suitable swap candidates. We also devise NVM hardware design optimized for the access characteristics of the swapped pages. We evaluate CAUSE on a real Android smartphone and NVSim simulator using user application usage logs. Our experimental results show that the proposed technique achieves 32% faster launch time for mobile applications while reducing energy cost by 90% and 44% on average over non-optimized STT-RAM and PCM, respectively.
Acute locomotor responses to cocaine in adolescents vs. adults from four divergent inbred mouse strains

Growing evidence suggests that adolescent mice display differential sensitivity to the acute locomotor activating effects of cocaine as compared to adults, but the direction of the difference varies across studies and the reasons are not clear. Few studies have directly examined genetic contributions to age differences in locomotor stimulation from cocaine. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which reduced stimulation in C57BL/6J adolescents as compared to adults generalizes to other strains. Therefore, we examined male and female mice from four genetically divergent inbred stains (BALB/cByJ, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J and FVB/NJ) at two ages, postnatal day 30 and postnatal day 65. Mice received either saline or cocaine (15 or 30 mg/kg), and then immediately were placed back into their home cages. Locomotor activity was recorded continuously in the home cage by video tracking. Adolescents displayed reduced stimulation as compared to adults for C57BL/6J, BALB/cByJ and female FVB/NJ mice. No age differences were observed for DBA/2J or male FVB/NJ. No main effects of sex were observed. Strain differences in pharmacokinetics, neural development or physiology could contribute to the observed differences between ages across strains. Future comparative studies could discover biological differences between strains that explain age differences in cocaine sensitivity.
Mechanism of oxidation in firefly luminescence

The oxidation of luciferin catalyzed by firefly luciferase results in the emission of light. Molecular oxygen is required and CO2 is released. Using 18O2 and H18OH we have shown that one of the oxygens of the released CO2 originates from water. Neither of the oxygens of CO2 is derived from molecular oxygen. A mechanism for the oxidation is proposed.
Direct behavioral observation in school settings: Bringing science to practice

Schools provide a useful, controlled setting for evaluating child behavior problems, yet direct observational coding procedures evaluated by child researchers have not been widely incorporated by practicing clinicians. This article provides a summary of procedures useful to clinicians performing direct behavioral observation in school settings. We describe the need for and usefulness of comprehensive school observations; provide a primer on the identification, definition, and assessment of target behaviors; and outline and discuss specific clinical procedures, including formulating primary referral questions, interviewing teachers, describing the classroom context, and conducting the observation. We also provide practical advice for synthesizing the obtained information into a report that guides clinical intervention. A sample of school observation coding forms and guidelines for report writing are also included to facilitate the use of these techniques by clinicians and teachers involved with the child.
Network support for mobile multimedia using a self-adaptive distributed proxy

Recent advancements in video and audio codec technologies~(e.g., RealV ideo [18] make multimedia streaming possible across a wide range of network conditions. With an increasing trend of ubiquitous connectivity, more and more areas have overlapping coverage of multiple wired and wireless networks. Because the best network service changes as the user moves, to provide good multimedia application performance, the service needs to adapt to user movement as well as network and computational resource variations. For wireless multimedia applications, one must ensure smooth transitions when network connectivity changes. We argue that network adaptations for multimedia applications should be provided at the application layer with help from proxies in the network. The reasons are ease of programming, ease of deployment, better fault-tolerance, and greater scalability.We propose aself-adaptive distributed proxy systemthat provides streaming multimedia service to mobile wireless clients. Our system intelligently adapts to the real-time network variations and hides handoff artifacts using application protocol specific knowledge whenever possible. It also uses application-independent techniques such as dynamic relocation of transcoders and automatic insertion of forward error correction and compression into the data transcoding path. We advocate a composable, relocatable transcoding data path consisting of a directed acyclic graph ofstrongly-typedoperators to bridge any data format mismatch between the client and the data source. In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of our system in the context of streaming video playback involving a series of transcoding proxies and a mobile client.
An investigation of the use of soybean oil in hydraulic systems

This report is the result of grants from the soybean growers in Iowa for investigating the potential use of soybean oil in hydraulic systems and other industrial lubricant applications. It was observed that soybean oil naturally performs well in lubricating pump components. The lack of oxidative stability, however, causes an increase in the viscosity of untreated soybean oil during use in hydraulic systems. Three approaches were identified to address this problem. One was the use of additives, second was the use of genetically altered seeds with altered fatty acid profiles, and third was through chemical modification of the soybean oil. The results indicated that the performance of soybean oil can be improved through one or more of the approaches identified.
Structural Dynamics Verification of Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System (RCAS)

The Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System (RCAS) was acquired and evaluated as part of an ongoing effort by the U.S Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to provide state-of-the-art wind turbine modeling and analysis technology for Government and industry. RCAS is an interdisciplinary tool offering aeroelastic modeling and analysis options not supported by current codes. RCAS was developed during a 4-year joint effort among the U.S. Army's Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, Advanced Rotorcraft Technology Inc., and the helicopter industry. The code draws heavily from its predecessor 2GCHAS (Second Generation Comprehensive Helicopter Analysis System), which required an additional 14 years to develop. Though developed for the rotorcraft industry, its general-purpose features allow it to model or analyze a general dynamic system. Its key feature is a specialized finite element that can model spinning flexible parts. The code, therefore, appears particularly suited for wind turbines whose dynamics is dominated by massive flexible spinning rotors. In addition to the simulation capability of the existing codes, RCAS [1-3] offers a range of unique capabilities, including aeroelastic stability analysis, trim, state-space modeling, operating modes, modal reduction, multi-blade coordinate transformation, periodic-system-specific analysis, choice of aerodynamic models, and a controls design/implementation graphical interface.
Preoperative evaluation of patients awaiting liver transplantation: comparison of multiphasic contrast-enhanced 3D magnetic resonance to helical computed tomography examinations.

Purpose To determine the feasibility of using a multiphasic magnetic resonance (MR) examination to evaluate the hepatic arterial anatomy and parenchyma in patients awaiting orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Materials and Methods Twenty consecutive patients awaiting OLT underwent multiphasic MR (using a T1-weighted 3D gadolinium-enhanced gradient-echo (GRE) sequence and two separate injections of contrast material) and computed tomography (CT) imaging; both imaging studies were performed within a 1-week period for each patient. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of the hepatic arterial system on MR data was performed. Two independent observers classified the hepatic arterial anatomy and evaluated the hepatic parenchyma from the MR data. The prospective CT interpretation was used as the gold standard. Results Overall qualitative rating of hepatic arterial system-to-background contrast on MR data was good to excellent (average pooled score of 2.00 ± 0.27), with no significant difference between the two observers after the first or second injections of contrast material. Classification of hepatic arterial anatomy by MR angiography (MRA) and CT angiography (CTA) was concordant in 85% (17/20) of patients and discordant in 15% (3/20) of patients. Focal parenchymal lesions were detected in 25% (5/20) of patients by MR and CT; however, two lesions in one patient with multiple lesions were detected only with MR. Conclusion Multiphasic T1-weighted 3D gadolinium-enhanced MR examination can provide comprehensive evaluation of the hepatic arterial anatomy and parenchyma in patients awaiting OLT. MR may offer an advantage over CT in the detection of focal parenchymal lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2002;16:565–575. Published by Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The effect of stimulus duration on noxious-stimulus induced c-fos expression in the rodent spinal cord.

Abstract C- fos is a proto-oncogene that is expressed within some neurons following depolarization. The protein product, fos , has been proposed as an anatomical marker for neuronal activity following noxious peripheral stimulation. However, the literature on noxious-stimulus induced fos expression contains several puzzling observations on the time course and laminar distribution of neuronal labeling within the spinal cord. This study has analyzed the effect of stimulus duration on the expression of fos -like immunoreactivity (FLI) within the spinal cord of anesthetized rats. In order to examine the time course of fos expression following brief periods of stimulation, we required a type of stimulus that was intense enough to activate nociceptors but that did not produce tissue damage. We have therefore employed pulsed, high intensity electrical stimulation, with stimulus durations ranging from 3 s to 24 h. The results indicate that stimulus duration has a profound effect upon the number of labeled cells, the intensity of neuronal labeling, the laminar pattern of FLI, and the time course of fos expression. Brief stimulation periods induce relatively few and relatively lightly labeled neurons, located predominantly within the most superficial laminae of the dorsal horn. Maximal immunoreactivity appears approximately 2 h after stimulation has ceased, and disappears within hours. Continuous stimulation produces many more labeled cells, darker labeling, and FLI within both dorsal and ventral laminar regions. Maximal FLI is seen after approximately 4.5 h of continuous stimulation, with reduction in the number of labeled cells thereafter. These data indicate that the results of any study employing c- fos as a marker for neuronal activity may be affected by the duration of the exciting stimulus.
The Army and Politics in Argentina, 1962-1973: From Frondizi's Fall to the Peronist Restoration

This is the third and concluding volume of a widely-acclaimed study of the crucial role of the Argentine Army in the nation's politics since 1928. The period covered extends from the overthrow of President Arturo Frondizi to the restoration to power of Juan D. Peron following the elections of March 1973. This period encompasses the seven-year military regime known as the Argentine Revolution, ending in the complex political duel that arrayed President Alejandro A. Lanusse against the exiled Peron. The book is based to an extraordinary degree on new Argentine sources. The author's access to the private archives of key military men, together with data obtained from scores of interviews with both civilians and military men - including ex-Presidents, cabinet ministers, and commanders-in-chief - have made possible this detailed, authoritative account of a hectic period in Argentine history. An epilogue gives a brief summary of developments since 1973.
New developments in targeted molecular therapies for glioblastoma

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Robust interchannel phase difference modeling with wrapped regression splines

Inter-channel phase differences (IPD) are commonly used as features in microphone array-based source separation and localization algorithms. However, under real-world conditions, we may observe significant deviations from the assumed anechoic, linear model. Non-linearities arise from spatial aliasing, reverberation, and poor array calibration. In this work, we view the features as comprising a circular-linear dataset and model them with a wrapped regression spline. Experimental results demonstrate that this approach leads to more robust speech denoising than a linear model.
Work in Progress: A Quantitative Study of the Effectiveness of PowerPoint in the Classroom

At New Mexico State University (NMSU), a quantitative study has begun of the effectiveness of PowerPoint for learning in introductory physics. The study is expected to run for a total of five years and the final results will include data for more than 1000 engineering and computer science students completing the mechanics and electricity and magnetism portions of beginning physics. Tests will include a study of the change in standardized test scores (e.g. Force Concept Inventory), as well as performance on targeted problems in specific areas of physics. The study will focus on four areas of pedagogy and how they are enhanced by the use of PowerPoint: the use of dynamic content, external learning, cognitive enhancement and integration of static, dynamic and demonstrative teaching. Preliminary results showing an increase in FCI scores are shown here for one semester with 100 students participating.
Genetic Modification Removes an Immunodominant Allergen from Soybean

The increasing use of soybean (Glycine max) products in processed foods poses a potential threat to soybean-sensitive food-allergic individuals. In vitro assays on soybean seed proteins with sera from soybean-sensitive individuals have immunoglobulin E reactivity to abundant storage proteins and a few less-abundant seed proteins. One of these low abundance proteins, Gly m Bd 30 K, also referred to as P34, is in fact a major (i.e. immunodominant) soybean allergen. Although a member of the papain protease superfamily, Gly m Bd 30 K has a glycine in the conserved catalytic cysteine position found in all other cysteine proteases. Transgene-induced gene silencing was used to prevent the accumulation of Gly m Bd 30 K protein in soybean seeds. The Gly m Bd 30 K-silenced plants and their seeds lacked any compositional, developmental, structural, or ultrastructural phenotypic differences when compared with control plants. Proteomic analysis of extracts from transgenic seed detected the suppression of Gly m Bd 30 K-related peptides but no other significant changes in polypeptide pattern. The lack of a collateral alteration of any other seed protein in the Gly m Bd 30 K-silenced seeds supports the presumption that the protein does not have a role in seed protein processing and maturation. These data provide evidence for substantial equivalence of composition of transgenic and non-transgenic seed eliminating one of the dominant allergens of soybean seeds.
Potential adverse effects of the inhaled corticosteroids

The purpose of this review is to provide the clinician with an update on the potential adverse effects caused by the inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs). The systemic effects of ICSs are a result of that portion swallowed and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and not eliminated by first-pass metabolism and that portion delivered to the lung and absorbed. If administered in high enough doses, any of the ICSs will produce clinically significant systemic activity. This review will explore the risks for clinically significant adverse effects from sustained use of ICSs, as recommended by the current guidelines. The standard method for assessing systemic activity in short-term studies is measurement of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. The ICSs provided in the medium dose range can produce measurable effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. However, clinically significant suppression is unlikely to occur except at high doses. The effect on growth in children over 1 to 4 years occurs at low to medium doses, might be dependent on the specific ICS, and is small (1-2 cm). The data are insufficient to determine whether there is an effect on attainment of predicted adult height. The ICSs affect bone mineral density and risk of fractures in a dose-dependent fashion that appears significant at high doses.
Meaningful Dialogue? The Los Angeles Sentinel’s Depiction of Black and Asian American Relations, 1993-2000

Out of what some call America's first truly multiracial riot in Los Angeles in 1992 was spawned a clarion call from Black newspapers to build an interminority alliance to avert a repeat performance. This article examines whether and how the Los Angeles Sentinel changed its coverage of Black-Asian American relations in the years after 1992. Using Ethnic NewsWatch, the author analyzed 102 articles published from 1993 to 2000 that included some discussion about that connection. Several things stand out: (a) The Sentinel's reporting for that period almost tripled output from all Black newspapers for 1980-1992; (b) the focus and breadth of coverage changed, from highlighting enmity between Korean (American) merchants and Blacks to emphasizing interminority collaboration and inclusion in a wide range of settings; and (c) rarely noted were intimate relationships and personal ties. The Sentinel provides proof that news organizations can significantly improve their coverage of race relations very quickly.
The Model Rules: A Foreword

This quarter's American Bar Foundation Research Journal book review section is devoted to review articles of the American Bar Association's proposed Model Rules of Professional Conduct.' In the strict sense the current draft of the Model Rules is not a book-its typescript pages and denomination as "Discussion Draft" clearly identify it as subject to change. Yet even in their preliminary form the Model Rules merit careful analysis. First, the Discussion Draft is important in its own right. It is the most significant legislative proposal in the field of legal ethics in over a decade. Second, the problems discussed in these reviews-for example, enforcement, lying in negotiation, disclosure of client confidences, and client control of decision making-will continue to be serious problems no matter what changes are made in future drafts of the Model Rules. Third, by inviting the comments of some of the leading scholars in legal ethics before a final draft is written, we have been able to supply the Commission on Evaluation of Professional Standards with drafts of the symposium contributions in ample time for the Commission to consider making some of the changes the reviewers suggest. Last, because these scholars (most of whom are also practitioners) are familiar with the ethical literature of the last decade, they should be able to set the Model Rules in the context of that literature-no small accomplishment. A recurrent theme of the reviews in this symposium is the problem of determining what the drafters of the Model Rules are trying to do. The simple answer is that they are trying to write a better code of ethics. But better in what way? Are they merely trying to codify existing customs and practices or are they trying by legislation to reform lawyer behavior? Not all legislation is designed for reform. Perhaps the best historical example of a mere codification of custom occurred during the early years of the European codification movement. In the late Middle Ages communities wrote down the accepted customs that had previously been transmitted orally in maxims.' Codification, then, was meant to reduce law to James Lindgren is a Research Attorney, American Bar Foundation, and Book Review Editor,
Enhancing UCA-ESPRIT for non-circular sources

UCA-ESPRIT is a subspace-based algorithm that is applicable to uniform circular arrays (UCAs). It is a closed-form algorithm that provides automatically paired estimates of the azimuth and elevation angles of multiple farfield plane waves incident on the circular array. Work (M. Haardt and F. Romer, 2004) has shown how ESPRIT type algorithms can be enhanced when the signals incident on the array are non-circular signals such as BPSK or ASK. These enhancements were applicable only to arrays with centrosymmetric manifolds. This paper shows how UCAs can take advantage of the non-circular source enhancements (which include better estimator performance and the ability to resolve a higher number of sources) despite the fact that the UCA is not a centrosymmetric array.
Association of medical student burnout with residency specialty choice

Context Given the trend among medical students away from primary care medicine and toward specialties that allow for more controllable lifestyles, the identification of factors associated with specialty choice is important. Burnout is one such factor. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between burnout and residency specialty choice in terms of provision for a less versus more controllable lifestyle (e.g. internal medicine versus dermatology) and a lower versus higher income (e.g. paediatrics versus anaesthesiology). Methods A survey was sent to 165 Year 4 medical students who had entered the residency matching system. Students answered questions about specialty choice, motivating factors (lifestyle, patient care and prestige) and perceptions of medicine as a profession. They completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services (MBI), which defines burnout in relation to emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA). Burnout and other variables were tested for associations with specialty lifestyle controllability and income. Results A response rate of 88% (n = 145) was achieved. Experiences of MBI-EE, MBI-DP and MBI-PA burnout were reported by 42 (29%), 26 (18%) and 30 (21%) students, respectively. Specialties with less controllable lifestyles were chosen by 87 (60%) students and lower-income specialties by 81 (56%). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) indicated that the choice of a specialty with a more controllable lifestyle was associated with higher MBI-EE burnout (OR = 1.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06–2.96), as well as stronger lifestyle- and prestige-related motivation, and weaker patient care-related motivation. The choice of a higher-income specialty was associated with lower MBI-PA burnout (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.32–0.98), weaker lifestyle- and patient care-related motivation, and stronger prestige-related motivation. Conclusions Specialty choices regarding lifestyle controllability and income were associated with the amount and type of medical school burnout, as well as with lifestyle-, prestige- and patient care-related motivation. Given that burnout may influence specialty choice, particularly with regard to the primary care specialties, medical schools may consider the utility of burnout prevention strategies.