cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chromosomal plasticity: mitigating the impacts of herbivory

Endoreduplication, the replication of the genome without mitosis, leads to endopolyploidy, an increase in cellular chromosome number. Although endoreduplication is widespread among angiosperms and other groups of eukaryotes, the degree to which this process is plastic under varying environmental conditions and its potential adaptive significance are not known. Here, using flow cytometry, we measured plasticity in chromosome number following the removal of apical dominance (simulating natural herbivory) in two ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana: Columbia and Landsberg erecta. We report that endopolyploidy of clipped Columbia plants was significantly different than unclipped controls following the removal of apical dominance and regrowth, and that cellular ploidy is positively associated with attributes of fitness (biomass, flower, fruit, and seed production). In contrast, clipped Landsberg erecta showed no significant differences in endopolyploidy and a decrease in seed production compared to unclipped controls; representing a significant genotype x environment interaction between ecotypes. Altering ploidy via endoreduplication adds a previously unknown way in which plants may be able to cope with environmental stress: enhancing regrowth rates and fitness following plant damage.
INTERBAND ANYON PLASMON EXCITATIONS IN AN ALTERNATING-LAYERED INTERACTING ANYON GAS SYSTEM

With the use of a self-consistent mean-field theory, where the anyon gauge field is approximated by its expectation value and the Coulomb interaction is calculated in the Hartree approximation, we have calculated the coupled acoustic anyon plasmon modes for an alternating-layered interacting anyon gas structure. In a single-layer system, we obtain a phonon mode for a noninteracting anyon gas. This is different from the result given by the random- phase approximation. When the Coulomb interaction is included, this phonon mode is suppressed. In a multi-layered system, we get an acoustic anyon plasmon mode with its sound velocity renormalized by the Coulomb interaction. The uniform liquid ground state is shown to be stable against solid crystallization.
Full-Length Genome Sequences of Senecavirus A from Recent Idiopathic Vesicular Disease Outbreaks in U.S. Swine

Since July 2015, vesicular lesions affecting growing pigs and sows accompanied with neonatal mortality have been reported in multiple U.S. states. Senecavirus A has been consistently detected from these cases. The complete genome sequences of 3 recent U.S. Senecavirus A isolates were determined to further characterize this virus.
Fibroblast-Mediated Human Epithelial Tumor Growth and Hormonal Responsiveness in Vivo

Mesenchymal-epithelial interaction is an integral part of embryonic development (1,2). This interaction continues throughout adult life and is responsible for maintaining the differentiative functions of a variety of mature organs (3). Classical approaches demonstrating the inductive activity of mesenchymes on epithelial growth and phenotypic expression have used surgically and enzymatically dissected cellular components (e.g., mesenchyme or epithelium) and recombined them either homo- or heterotypically (4-6). The advantages of this approach are that mesenchymal-epithelial interactions can be studied in purely separated cellular compartments and that the resultant recombinants are capable of developing fully into functional mature organs or body parts.
Post-Issue Operating Performance Of Nasdaq IPOs

In the ’90s bullish stock markets, it was the IPO which created the bubble of ‘excessive exuberance’, particularly in the technology-heavy NASDAQ market. In our study we have taken a fair sample of NASDAQ IPOs issued during 1990-2000 in order to examine the post-issue operating performance of these IPOs. We have found that during 1990-1995, the mean post-issue one-month return was 1.67%, the mean six-month return was 4.28%, and the mean one-year return was 5.23%, respectively. This could be compared with the results for the 1996-2000 period when the mean one-month return was 3.29%, mean six-month return was 16.96%, and the mean one-year return was 19.97%, respectively. As for the debt/asset and debt/equity ratios for the same two periods, the former was 11.98% and 15.23% for the two periods, and the latter ratio was 5.38% in 1990-1995 and 3.13% in 1996-2000. This clearly shows that the NASDAQ bubble was mainly created by the equity issues, not by the issuance of debt securities. Using the multiple regression equations, we also have found that only the first-day closing price was consistently and negatively associated with annual returns. Obviously, the phenomenon of initial underpricing played a big role in determining the annual return of the NASDAQ IPOs during the last decade in the U.S. securities markets.
Investigation of Fluorescence Emission from CdSe Nanorods in PMMA and P3HT/PMMA Films

Complementary fluorescence microscopy and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy measurements spanning a range of time scales from seconds to femtoseconds probe the interfacial dynamics of charge carriers in CdSe nanorod/polymer blends. Together, these very different techniques provide new information about the origin and dynamics of below-band-edge emission from CdSe nanorods in CdSe/PMMA and CdSe/P3HT/PMMA films [PMMA = poly(methyl methacrylate); P3HT = poly(3-hexylthiophene)]. Emission below the band edge of the CdSe nanorods is associated with surface defects (traps) at the nanoparticle/polymer interface, where conduction band electrons radiatively relax to the intraband defect sites. The fluorescence microscopy experiments simultaneously monitor both the trap emission and the band edge emission from single nanoparticles, and reveal that the two emission channels are distinct. Transitions between the two emissive states occur on time scales longer than ∼20 ms, and always involve an intermediate d...
A Simple Proof of Series Convergence

(1987). A Simple Proof of Series Convergence. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 410-410.
Population loss of goldenseal, Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae), in Ohio'

MULLIGAN, M. R., AND D. L. GORCHOV. (Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056). Population loss of goldenseal, Hydrastis canadensis L. (Ranunculaceae), in Ohio. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 131: 305310. 2004.-Goldenseal, Hydrastis canadensis L., is harvested from forests in the eastern U.S. for its rhizome, which is considered to have medicinal properties. While listed as rare or threatened in many states, its status in Ohio has not been assessed. To establish the status of historic goldenseal populations, we assessed 71 sites where voucher specimens had been collected from 1845 to 1998. Of these sites, 13% were deforested and no longer supported populations. Goldenseal was found on 65% of the remaining forested sites. Nearly half of documented goldenseal populations have become extinct, suggesting an overall decline of goldenseal in Ohio. The major cause of extinction appears to differ among Ecoregions, with deforestation important in the Eastern Corn Belt Plains, herbivory by white-tailed deer in Erie/Ontario Drift and Lake Plain, and overcollection in the Western Allegheny Plateau.
Spontaneous Conversion of Basal Plane Dislocations in 4° Off-Axis 4H–SiC Epitaxial Layers

The conversion of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) to electrically benign threading edge dislocations in 4° off-axis 4H–SiC epilayers has been investigated using ultraviolet photoluminescence imaging. The conversion spontaneously occurred throughout the epitaxial layer for all substrates studied using similar epitaxial growth conditions. BPD conversion in highly doped epilayers was suppressed compared with lower n-type doped layers, suggesting that nitrogen concentration influences the conversion mechanism. However, it is technologically important for the conversion to occur in a heavily doped buffer layer. The densities of BPDs in low-doped (∼1014 cm–3) films having a thickness of 20 μm were significantly reduced when a ∼20 μm thick highly doped N+ buffer layer was grown between the low-doped layer and the substrate. Without the buffer layer, an average of ∼50 BPDs cm–2 was observed and with the buffer layer, an average of 1.5 BPDs cm–2 was detected; the best result was 0.2 BPD cm–2. A PiN structure consi...
Management of Trauma to the Nasal Bones and Septum

■ A thorough history and physical should be part of any nasal fracture evaluation. Visual inspection, manual palpation and anterior rhinoscopy are essential. A thorough exam of the septum is also necessary to rule out septal hematoma and to properly access any septal deformity.
Deformation and failure characteristics of four types of lithium-ion battery separators

Abstract Mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of battery separators play a crucial role in integrity of Lithium-ion batteries during an electric vehicle crash event. In this study, four types of commonly used battery separators are characterized and their mechanical performance, strength, and failure are compared. This includes two dry-processed polyethylene (PE) and trilayer separators, a wet-processed ceramic-coated separator, and a nonwoven separator. In detail, uniaxial tensile tests were performed along machine direction (MD), transverse direction (TD) and diagonal direction (DD). Also, through-thickness compression tests and biaxial punch tests were conducted. Comprehensive mechanical tests revealed interesting deformation and failure patterns under extreme mechanical loads. Last, a finite element model of PE separator was developed in LSDYNA based on the uniaxial tensile and through-thickness compression test data. The model succeeded in predicting the response of PE separator under punch tests with different sizes of punch head.
Savings Generation and Financial Programming in a Basic Need Constrained Developing Economy

This paper attempts to outline an approach to economic development that aims at avoiding domestic inflationary pressures and external payments’ imbalances, while increasing the per capita consumption of certain commodities which are treated as ‘basics’. Predictably, a prior assessment of the availability of and demand for ‘basics’ emerges as the keystone of policies for balanced development. The argument is offered, however, as no more than a tentative first step toward strengthening the real economic content of policies for financial balance. Also, the aim is not so much to present a complete formal system as to assemble a few operationally related ideas. As such, the most that the paper can offer is a theoretical basis for further reflections upon a somewhat new framework for analysing an old problem.
Abstract 3127: MiR-BART9 is a prognostic biomarker associated with PD-1 expression in colon cancer patients

Background: Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is widely expressed in the population in a latent stage. During cancer progression, antiviral immunity is compromised by the same mechanisms leading to suppression of anticancer immunity. This study was aimed at developing the expression of miR-BART as biomarkers to select patients at risk of fast progression for a defect of the antiviral/anticancer immunity. Methods: We first analyzed the expression of EBV-miRNAs in a panel of 438 colon cancer (CC) patients of the TCGA dataset. Analysis was conducted using level 1 miRNA-seq and level 3 RNA-seq available on the same patients. In order to confirm the results, we tested the expression of miR-BART9 in an additional set of 271 CC patients using spectral imaging and quantitative fluorescent immunohistochemistry (PD-1 and PD-L1 antigens at the protein level and miR-BART9 using a specific designed ISH probe). In order to increase the clinical applicability of our findings, we also developed a qPCR test to analyze the expression of miR-BART9 in serum of colon cancer patients. Results: In the analysis of 438 CC patients of the TCGA dataset, expression of miR-BART9 was found in 78 patients (18%). Levels of miR-BART9 were prognostic of poor outcome in a multivariate Cox model including age and stage (HR = 2.8, CI 1.6-4.7, p In order to confirm this hypothesis, we performed spectral imaging in an additional set of 271 CC patients. Expression of miR-BART9 was found in 32 (12%) patients with a prevalent stromal pattern. Also in this case expression of miR-BART9 was associated with poor outcome in Cox-multivariate analysis including age and stage (HR = 2.5, CI 1.6-3.4, p Based on these results, we have designed a qPCR test to analyze the expression of miR-BART9 in serum using an EBV-infected B lymphoma cell line (Raji) as positive control. The assay was employed for monitoring miR-BART9 expression in serum from CC patients (n = 89) and healthy controls (n = 95). Human miR-486 and miR-17 were used as positive controls.MiR-BART9 expression was found in 33 (37%) of CC patients and only in 5 (5%) of the 95 healthy controls. Conclusions: Our results reveal that expression of miR-BART9 is associated with aggressive CC. Patients featuring reactivation of latent EBV-infection have also expression of PD-1+ T cells, which will impact both anticancer and antiviral immunity. The expression of miR-BART9 can be detected also in serum and may serve to identify the right timing to treat CC patients with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in order to restore an effective anticancer and antiviral immunity. Citation Format: Marisa Mariani, Deep Pandya, Mirko Andreoli, Shiquan He, Manuela Spennato, Cristiano Ferlini. MiR-BART9 is a prognostic biomarker associated with PD-1 expression in colon cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3127.
Biogeochemistry: Nocturnal escape route for marsh gas

A field study of methane emissions from wetlands reveals that more of the gas escapes through diffusive processes than was thought, mostly at night. Because methane is a greenhouse gas, the findings have implications for global warming.
Multi-path overlay routing to improve latency while tolerating intrusions

Many online services require better latency guarantees than offered by the general internet infrastucture, and previous work has shown this is achievable with overlay networks. We consider mission-critical network services which need to maintain these latency guarantees despite outages or intrusions of overlay nodes. Our approach is to route data along multiple node-disjoint paths to ensure data delivery along at least one path. We consider a new routing problem which optimizes the worst path out of a set of chosen paths which are node-disjoint. We formulate a Mixed Integer Program to solve this optimization problem, and we experiment on a real-world dataset to test the feasibility of our solution.
Neural coupling between homologous muscles during bimanual tasks: effects of visual and somatosensory feedback

This study investigated the effects of somatosensory feedback during bimanual tasks on the neural coupling between arm muscles, which remains largely unexplored. Somatosensory feedback using a bala...
‘Superbowling’: Using the Super Bowl’s Yearly Commentary to Explore the Evolution of a Sporting Spectacle in the American Consciousness

AbstractIn the days following Super Bowl III, New York Times columnist Robert Lipsyte coined the phrase ‘superbowling’. Consisting of the ‘chatter’ and diverse perspectives voiced throughout the nation in the days surrounding each Super Bowl, superbowling includes the off-the-wall psychiatric evaluations and epic gloating by football fans, political reactions and sociological analyses concerning the game’s affect on the nation’s institutions, as well as the hasty generalizations by alarmed moralists and university professors. This paper utilizes the ‘superbowling’ penned between Super Bowls I and XXXVI as evidence that provides insight into ‘the variety of ways in which Americans understood and enacted their political culture at a specific time’. By investigating the varieties of superbowling topics highlighted within each yearly Super Bowl, one cannot only better understand the evolution of Super Bowl Sunday, but can also understand its relationship to the prominent historical happenings and personalitie...
Designing eBee: a reflection on quilt-based game design

eBee is a game that integrates quilting and soft circuits with the goal of bridging the disparate communities of making and crafting through intergenerational play. In this paper, we describe the design process for eBee and our goals for bringing the social, creative, and cooperative values associated with the quilting community to a new kind of game experience. Using an affordance-driven game design process, we identify a new space of potential games that is ripe for exploration.
Anisotropic Neutron Slowing Down in Aluminum-Water Mixtures-II: Monte Carlo Calculations

(1968). Anisotropic Neutron Slowing Down in Aluminum-Water Mixtures-II: Monte Carlo Calculations. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 313-318.
Fatty Acid Profiles of In Vitro Digested Processed Milk

Digestion of milkfat releases some long-chain (18-carbon) fatty acids (FAs) that can provide health benefits to the consumer, yet because they are found in small amounts and can be difficult to identify, there is limited information on the effects that common fluid milk processing may have on the digestibility of these FAs. This study provides FA profiles for raw and combinations of homogenized and/or heat-treated (high and ultra-high temperature pasteurization) milk, before and after in vitro digestion, in order to determine the effects of processing on the digestibility of these healthy fatty acids. Use of a highly sensitive separation column resulted in improved FA profiles that showed that, when milk was subjected to both pasteurization and homogenization, the release of the 18-carbon FAs, oleic acid, linoleic acid (an omega-6 FA), rumenic acid (a conjugated linoleic acid, CLA), and linolenic acid (an omega-3 FA) tended to be higher than with either pasteurization or homogenization, or with no treatment. Milk is noted for containing the omega-3 FAs and CLAs, which are associated with positive health benefits. Determining how processing factors may impact the components in milk will aid in understanding the release of healthy FAs when milk and dairy foods are consumed.
Evaluation of art therapy on mood, anxiety, and pain levels in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy treatment.

e21713Background: Art therapy is a mental health modality that uses art-making to improve the physical, mental, and emotional wellbeing of individuals for a variety of purposes. The primary purpose...
System identification for sleep-mediated, stimulation-enhanced memory consolidation

Memory consolidation is part of the process by which memories are formed in the brain, a process which confers improved memory retention and recall. Sleep enhances memory consolidation. Electrical stimulation or the presentation of sensory stimuli during sleep can further boost sleep-related memory consolidation. The enhancement of naturally occurring sleep oscillations, namely sleep spindles and slow-wave oscillations, appears critical for stimulation-based improvement of sleep-related memory consolidation. Thus, the memory benefits of sleep may benefit from a stimulation paradigm that optimally augments both slow-waves and spindles. In this work, by focusing on stimulated sleep-spindle prevalence, a first step towards this broader goal is taken. Specifically, this work introduces an adaptive experimental design paradigm which reduces the problem dimension through the use of a library of stimuli in a fashion directly motivated by experimental questions, and then employs an approximate 1-step D-optimal adaptive experimental design based upon this library for the purpose of system identification. This work provides methodological advancements stepping towards the larger system identification goal within the framework of a neural mass model that can generate neural activity that is faithful to the characteristics of non-rapid eye movement sleep, including sleep spindles and slow-wave oscillations.
Endogenous Sodium-Transport Inhibitors as Physiological Regulators of the Sodium Pump

since the discovery of endogenous analogues of opium, the endorphins and enkephalins (16, 27), it has been tempting to postulate that parallel situations might obtain for other pharmacologically potent substances from the plant kingdom that exert their effects through specific receptors in animal tissues. Thus the Nat and Ktactivated ATPase (Na+-K+-ATPase) in animal species might have an endogenous analogue to the cardiac glycosides. Several “endogenous factors” that either inhibit active sodium transport, inhibit Na+-K+ATPase activity in vitro, or prevent ouabain binding to the Na+-K+-ATPase have been extracted from amphibian and mammalian sources (for a review, see ref. 12). Such an endogenous sodium-transport inhibitor has been implicated in many important physiological and pathophysiological processes. De Wardener et al. (30) suggested that the natriuresis of intravascular volume expansion was mediated in part by a humoral substance distinct from known regulators of renal hemodynamics and tubular cation transport. Hillyard et al. (15) recognized the ouabainlike effects of such a substance during their attempts to characterize a natriuretic principle extracted from renal tissue of volume-expanded rats. At about the same time Overbeck et al. (21) showed that volume expansion was associated with the elaboration of a heat-stable substance in plasma that inhibited cell membrane sodium transport in vascular muscle, and Haddy and Overbeck (9) postulated that the unknown compound might be responsible for the sequence of physiological events characterizing the development of experimental volume-expanded hypertension in animals. A decrease in sodium-pump activity was documented in uremia (7, 31), and a natriuretic factor was found in the urine of uremic patients with intravascular volume expansion but not in that of nephrotic uremics who demonstrate the physiology of intravascular volume depletion (2). It was hypothesized that this factor might be important in the adaptive response to progressive nephron loss whereby an enhanced fractional excretion of sodium permits maintenance of normal sodium balance in patients with nonnephrotic chronic renal failure (23). It also seems that patients with essential hypertension have an elevated concentration of a circulating pump inhibitor (6, 11, 22), raising the provocative possibility that an abnormality in regulation of Na+-K+-ATPase plays a role in a prevalent human disease.
From the “RNAWorld” to Brain Complexity: Generation of Diversity

The recent finding that LINE-1 (Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements-1, or L1) retroelements are active in somatic neuronal progenitor cells has provided a potential additional mechanism for generating neuronal diversification. L1 retrotransposition in the nervous system challenges the idea of static neuronal genomes, adding a new element for neuronal plasticity. Long dismissed as selfish or “junk” DNA, retroelements are thought to be intracellular parasites from our distant evolutionary past. Together with their mutated relatives, retroelement sequences constitute 45% of the mammalian genome, with L1 alone representing 20%. The fact that L1 can retrotranspose in a definedwindowof neuronal differentiation, changing the genetic information in single neurons in an arbitrary fashion, could allow the brain to develop in distinctly different ways. These characteristics of variety and flexibility may contribute to the uniqueness of an individual brain. However, the extent of the impact of L1 on the neuronal genome is unknown. In this chapter we will discuss the potential influence of L1 retrotransposition during brain development and the evolutionary pressures that may have selected this unexpected machinery of diversity in neuronal precursor cells. The characterization of somatic neuronal diversification will not only be relevant for the understanding of brain complexity and neuronal organization but may also shed light on the differences in cognitive abilities, personality traits and many psychiatric conditions observed in humans.
Automated Cell Tracking Using Motion Prediction-Based Matching and Event Handling

Automated cell segmentation and tracking enables the quantification of static and dynamic cell characteristics and is significant for disease diagnosis, treatment, drug development, and other biomedical applications. This paper introduces a method for fully automated cell tracking, lineage construction, and quantification. Cell detection is performed in the joint spatio-temporal domain by a motion diffusion-based Partial Differential Equation (PDE) combined with energy minimizing active contours. In the tracking stage, we adopt a variational joint local-global optical flow technique to determine the motion vector field. We utilize the predicted cell motion jointly with spatial cell features to define a maximum likelihood criterion to find inter-frame cell correspondences assuming Markov dependency. We formulate cell tracking and cell event detection as a graph partitioning problem. We propose a solution obtained by minimization of a global cost function defined over the set of all cell tracks. We construct a cell lineage tree that represents the cell tracks and cell events. Finally, we compute morphological, motility, and diffusivity measures and validate cell tracking against manually generated reference standards. The automated tracking method applied to reference segmentation maps produces an average tracking accuracy score ( $TRA$ T R A ) of 99 percent, and the fully automated segmentation and tracking system produces an average $TRA$ T R A of 89 percent.
Sodium tris­(acetyl­acetonato-κ2O,O′)­cobalt(II)

The title compound, Na[Co(acac)3], where acac is acetyl­acetonate (C5H7O2), crystallizes in the rhombohedral space group R\overline 3c. The sodium ion is found to sit on a 32 crystallographic site. The cobalt complex is located on a site of \overline 3 symmetry.
Do framing effects debunk moral beliefs

May argues that framing effects do not undermine moral beliefs, because they affect only a minority of moral judgments in small ways. We criticize his estimates of the extent of framing effects on moral judgments, and then we argue that framing effects would cause trouble for moral judgments even if his estimates were correct.
Serotonylation and neuronal function

Abstract Although serotonin was discovered over 70 years ago, serotonin as a substrate for posttranslational modifications is a recent discovery. Transglutaminase enzymes catalyze the covalent binding of serotonin and other monoamines to substrate proteins. This calcium-dependent posttranslational modification is known as “serotonylation”, a process identified in the periphery and in both neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system. Small guanine nucleotide binding (small G) proteins in the Rho and Rab families are among the most common targets of serotonylation which results in their prolonged activation. Serotonylation of Rab4 regulates the presence of the serotonin and glucose transporters on the cell membrane. Serotonylation can be regulated by receptor-stimulated increases in local calcium concentrations. As such, serotonylation of Rac1 and Cdc42 is increased following stimulation of several receptors including G protein–coupled receptors and ligand-gated ion channel receptors leading to changes in dendritic spine morphology. Serotonylation and other monoaminylation reactions are implicated in key processes involved in synaptic plasticity, depression, and neurodegeneration.
Differential effects of SNARE-dependent gliotransmission on behavioral phenotypes in a mouse model of Huntington's disease.

Abstract Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the widely expressed huntingtin protein. Multiple studies have indicated the importance of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) in astrocytes to HD pathogenesis. Astrocytes exhibit SNARE-dependent exocytosis and gliotransmission, which can be hampered by transgenic expression of dominant negative SNARE (dnSNARE) in these glial cells. We used BACHD mice and crossed them with the dnSNARE model to determine if pan-astrocytic SNARE-dependent exocytosis plays an important role in vivo in the progression of HD behavioral phenotypes. We assessed motor and neuropsychiatric behaviors in these mice. At 12 months of age there was a significant improvement in motor coordination (rotarod test) in BACHD/dnSNARE mice when compared to BACHD mice. Analyses of open field performance revealed significant worsening of center entry (at 9 and 12 months), but not distance traveled in BACHD/dnSNARE when compared to BACHD mice, and variable/inconclusive results on vertical plane entry. While no differences between BACHD and BACHD/dnSNARE mice at 12 months of age in the forced swim test were found, we did observe a significant decrease in performance of BACHD/dnSNARE mice in the light-dark box paradigm. Thus, reduction of astrocytic SNARE-dependent exocytosis has differential effects on the psychiatric-like and motor phenotypes observed in BACHD mice. These data suggest broadly targeting SNARE-dependent exocytosis in astrocytes throughout the brain as a means to modulate gliotransmission in HD may contribute to worsening of specific behavioral deficits and perhaps a brain-region specific approach would be required.
Hemispheric asymmetry of the dayside aurora due to imbalanced solar insolation.

Unlike the nightside aurora, which is controlled mainly by magnetic field reconnection in the magnetotail, the dayside aurora is closely associated with magnetic field merging at the dayside magnetopause. About two decades ago, it was discovered that the aurora is also controlled by solar insolation. Because the finding was based on data acquired mainly in the Northern Hemisphere, an outstanding question is if the auroral solar insolation effect also exists in the Southern Hemisphere. The present study addresses this question by studying dayside auroras from both hemispheres. We analyze 6 years’ worth of Earth disk emissions at far ultraviolet wavelengths acquired by the Global UltraViolet Imager on-board the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite from 2002 to 2007. It is found that the solar insolation effect also exists in the Southern Hemisphere. In essence, the energy flux deposited as electron precipitation, is larger when the polar hemisphere is sunlit and is smaller when the polar hemisphere is dark. Because auroras are produced mainly by electron precipitation and because electrons are the main current carrier, this north–south asymmetry is consistent with the previous finding that larger (smaller) field-aligned currents are flowing out of the sunlit (dark) hemisphere. This trend is independent of the solar wind driving, suggesting that it is an effect associated with solar insolation. A small north–south asymmetry in the dayside auroral energy flux was identified. We discuss the asymmetry in the context of magnetospheric current and voltage generators.
Institutional differences in management of compartment syndrome at academic and community-based trauma centers: A survey of Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) members.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare management of compartment syndrome at academic and community trauma centers and to identify any institutional variables that influence the number of adverse events reported to the hospital's peer review process. Design Web-based survey. Setting N/A. Participants Orthopedic Trauma Association (OTA) members. Methods A link to a 9-item web-based questionnaire was sent to members of the OTA. Results Two hundred twenty-four (21%) of 1031 OTA members completed the survey. Respondents indicated that residents were primarily responsible for checking compartments at academic trauma centers (91%), while community trauma centers reported higher utilization rates of ortho attendings (81%), trauma attendings (26%), and nurses (27%). Seventy-five percent of respondents at academic trauma centers relied on intra-compartmental pressure monitoring to make the diagnosis in intubated/obtunded patients as opposed to just 56% of respondents at community centers. Seventy percent of all respondents utilizing prophylactic fasciotomies practiced at community trauma centers. Forty-four percent indicated that they had submitted cases involving management of compartment syndrome to their hospital peer review process. While most submitted only 1 or 2 cases (75% of positive replies), 5% had submitted 5 or more cases for peer review. Use of a pressure monitor and orthopaedic surgeons performing all fasciotomies were associated with a lower number of cases submitted to peer review (P < .02 and P < .04, respectively). Conclusion Academic and community trauma centers differ in their utilization of in-house staff for early assessment, in the diagnostic modalities employed in obtunded patients, and in their threshold for fasciotomy. Adverse events are regularly reported for peer review at both academic and community trauma centers. As there is great variability between institutions in terms of clinical practice as demonstrated by the responses to this survey, it is recommended that institutions devise their own written protocol based on the resources they have available to reduce adverse events. Level of Evidence Therapeutic Level V.
Practical application improvement to Quantum SVM: theory to practice.

Quantum machine learning (QML) has emerged as an important area for Quantum applications, although useful QML applications would require many qubits. Therefore our paper is aimed at exploring the successful application of the Quantum Support Vector Machine (QSVM) algorithm while balancing several practical and technical considerations under the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) assumption. For the quantum SVM under NISQ, we use quantum feature maps to translate data into quantum states and build the SVM kernel out of these quantum states, and further compare with classical SVM with radial basis function (RBF) kernels. As data sets are more complex or abstracted in some sense, classical SVM with classical kernels leads to less accuracy compared to QSVM, as classical SVM with typical classical kernels cannot easily separate different class data. Similarly, QSVM should be able to provide competitive performance over a broader range of data sets including ``simpler'' data cases in which smoother decision boundaries are required to avoid any model variance issues (i.e., overfitting). To bridge the gap between ``classical-looking'' decision boundaries and complex quantum decision boundaries, we propose to utilize general shallow unitary transformations to create feature maps with rotation factors to define a tunable quantum kernel, and added regularization to smooth the separating hyperplane model. We show in experiments that this allows QSVM to perform equally to SVM regardless of the complexity of the data sets and outperform in some commonly used reference data sets.
Optical Fiber Photonic Crystal Hydrophone for Cellular Acoustic Sensing

This paper describes the design, characterization, and testing of a compact hydrophone capable of measuring acoustic signals from cardiomyocytes. Our hydrophone consists of a nanofabricated photonic-crystal diaphragm externally-mounted to the facet of an optical fiber to form a pressure-sensitive Fabry-Perot cavity. Our hydrophone can operate in small liquid volumes less than 5 mm deep and incorporates a microchannel to vent air during immersion. The venting channel is designed to optimize bandwidth and sensitivity. Modeling and experimental results in water show a bandwidth from 50 Hz to 18 kHz and a minimum detectable pressure of $3~\mu Pa/ \sqrt {Hz}$ . We demonstrate the sensitivity to simulated bio-acoustic sources with nanometer-scale displacements.
Who benefits from computerized cognitive training? Lower processing speed predicts greater cognitive improvement

Abstract Background Computerized cognitive training (CCT) is an intervention used to target cognitive deficits associated with depression, and has been found to improve mood, cognition, and everyday functioning. The aim of the present study is to determine if baseline cognitive presentation predicts improvement in cognition from CCT, and if this improvement varies based on the type of training received. Methods Forty-six young adults with depressive symptoms were recruited as part of a randomized controlled trial studying the effects of CCT on mood, cognition, and everyday functioning. Participants completed training on their mobile devices for 15 min/day, 5 days/week, for 8 weeks. Clinical and neuropsychological assessments were completed at baseline and 8 weeks. Results Individuals with below average processing speed (PS) scores showed greater improvement in 2 out of 4 PS tasks (Cohen's d range > 1) compared to above average performers. The high and low performers did not differ in change in performance in non-PS tasks. Type of training had no effect. Limitations Small college-aged sample. Conclusions CCT has differential effects on PS depending on baseline cognitive presentation. Individuals with an initial relative PS weakness improve more from CCT than those with higher baseline functioning. This study highlights the importance of identifying individual differences in cognition that may factor into CCT response.
The space of almost calibrated (1,1)–forms on a compact Kähler manifold

The space ℋ of “almost calibrated” (1,1)–forms on a compact Kahler manifold plays an important role in the study of the deformed Hermitian Yang–Mills equation of mirror symmetry, as emphasized by recent work of Collins and Yau (2018), and is related by mirror symmetry to the space of positive Lagrangians studied by Solomon (2013, 2014). This paper initiates the study of the geometry of ℋ. We show that ℋ is an infinite-dimensional Riemannian manifold with nonpositive sectional curvature. In the hypercritical phase case we show that ℋ has a well-defined metric structure, and that its completion is a CAT(0) geodesic metric space, and hence has an intrinsically defined ideal boundary. Finally, we show that in the hypercritical phase case ℋ admits C1,1 geodesics, improving a result of Collins and Yau (2018). Using results of Darvas and Lempert (2012) we show that this result is sharp.
Patients’ Perceptions Of Perinatal Depression Screening: A Qualitative Study

Screening for perinatal depression is a clinical approach to identifying women in need of mental health diagnoses, referral, and treatment. Many states mandate screening for perinatal depression, b...
Heidegger and Unconcealment: Truth, Language, and History

This book includes ten essays that trace the notion of unconcealment as it develops from Heidegger's early writings to his later work, shaping his philosophy of truth, language and history. 'Unconcealment' is the idea that what entities are depends on the conditions that allow them to manifest themselves. This concept, central to Heidegger's work, also applies to worlds in a dual sense: first, a condition of entities manifesting themselves is the existence of a world; and second, worlds themselves are disclosed. The unconcealment or disclosure of a world is the most important historical event, and Heidegger believes there have been a number of quite distinct worlds that have emerged and disappeared in history. Heidegger's thought as a whole can profitably be seen as working out the implications of the original understanding of unconcealment.
Nucleate Pool Boiling

The process of evaporation associated with vapor bubbles in a liquid is called nucleate boiling. Here attention will be focused on boiling at heated solid surfaces of interest in engineering applications.
Determination of hydrocodone in Tussionex® extended-release suspension by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)

The high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method presented is a simple and rapid analytical procedure for the determination of hydrocodone in Tussionex Pennkinetic® extended-release suspension in the presence of chlorpheniramine and several excipients. Hydrocodone was extracted and separated from the suspension with methylene chloride under alkaline pH conditions. Sample recoveries were from 99.6 to 104.3%. Satisfactory resolution was obtained using a C8 column (Alltech 10μM, 25-cm by 4.6-mm inside diameter) and a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile buffered at pH 4.5 (0.01M KH2PO4 and 0.05M KNO3) maintaining a flow rate of 1.4 mL/min. Corresponding run time for the complete separation of hydrocodone was around 14 min. The method was used to determine the concentration of HCD in five Tussionex® extended-release suspension samples that have been tampered with and in one control sample.
What should reading instructional research be the research of

Abstract There have been recent arguments for expanding research on some basic beginning reading skills (i.e, phonemic awareness, word recognition) to the exclusion of other literacy competencies. Moreover, there have also been arguments that certain methodologies should be favored in reading research to the exclusion of others. The case is made in this article that these conceptualizations of reading research are too narrow. Rather, the case made here is that a number of issues in literacy development deserve support, issues that can be addressed well with diverse methodologies.
McLoyd, Vonnie C., Nancy E. Hill, and Kenneth A. Dodge (Eds.). AFRICAN AMERICAN FAMILY LIFE: ECOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY

McLoyd, Vonnie C, Nancy E. Hill, and Kenneth A. Dodge (Eds.). AFRICANAMERICAN FAMILYLIFE: ECOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL DIVERSITY. New York: Guilford Press, 2005.African American Family Life: Ecological and Cultural Diversity is composed of 15 articles that cover nearly every aspect of Black family life -e.g., marriage, religion, racial discrimination, education, socialization, caregiving, health, housing and economic status. The editors describe the book as interdisciplinary in perspective and designed to build on the work of scholars like DuBois, Frazier, and Billingsley and advance theory and research on Black families. Their introductory article provides a portrait of today's African American population, discusses the unique features of its families, and explains what it means to study them in cultural and ecological context.The other four articles in Part I of the book further examine the concept of culture, and they also discuss postmodern African American families, changes in child welfare in the past few decades, and the racial gap in wealth. I found the article by Hill, Murray, and Anderson in this section especially insightful: It weighs the merits and problems that are often associated with the cultural approach to understanding African American families, such as the determining whether specific behaviors and lifestyles are the result of cultural traditions or shared social disadvantage. They describe culture as a 'moving target,' or as evolving rather than static. This theme resonates with Tucker and James's description of postmodern African American families as "less kin-based, less specific to childrearing, less permanent, more permeable, and more flexible" (p. 89).Part II of the book looks at African American families in the broader context, and includes articles on the intersection of work and family, marital relationships, elder care, housing, and religion. The articles in this section make an excellent contribution to the literature on Black families, addressing issues that seldom get much attention. Bryant and Wickrama, for example, explore marital satisfaction among Black couples and show how it is influenced by social context. One article looks at how the quality and circumstances of work affect family life, as opposed to the mere absence of employment. Burton and Clark, in another article, look beyond statistics showing that Blacks are less likely than Whites to be homeowners by analyzing the meaning of having a 'homeplace. …
Inhibitory tract traps the epithelial Na+ channel in a low activity conformation

Proteolysis plays an important role in the maturation and activation of epithelial Na+ channels (ENaCs). Non-cleaved channels are inactive at high extracellular Na+ concentrations and fully cleaved channels are constitutively active. Cleavage of the α and γ subunits at multiple sites activates the channel through the release of imbedded inhibitory tracts. Peptides derived from these released tracts are also inhibitory, likely through binding at the inhibitory tract sites. We recently reported a model of the α subunit. We have now cross-linked Cys derivatives of the inhibitory peptide to the channel, using our model to predict sites at a domain interface of the α subunit that is in proximity to the N terminus of the peptide. Furthermore, peptide inhibition was mimicked in the absence of peptide by cross-linking the channel across the domain interface. Our results suggest a dynamic domain interface that can be exploited by inhibitory peptides and provides a mechanism for peptide inhibition and proteolytic activation.
Why Women Can't Run the World: International Politics According to Francis Fukuyama

This article critiques Francis Fukuyama's “Women and the Evolution of World Politics.” Questioning feminists' commitment to social constructivism, Fukuyama uses a sociobiological argument to make the claim that a world run by women would be more peaceful than one ruled by men, whose aggressive instincts he compares to those of chimpanzees at Gombe. While he sees a possibility of this “feminized world” being realized in the West, Fukuyama argues for keeping men in charge as protection against the non-Western world where aggressive men will continue to dominate politics. This article claims that, in spite of seemingly sympathetic attitudes toward feminist politics, Fukuyama's argument is deeply conservative and has the effect of not only keeping women out of politics, but also reinforcing recent arguments in IR about civilizational conflicts. His claims divert attention from more pressing feminist agendas, which include a better understanding of the disadvantaged political, economic, and social status of so many of the world's women. Rather than running the world, these disadvantages are closer to the realities of most women's lives. Preferred futures are ones in which both women and men work together to reduce unequal social structures, including hierarchical gender structures, which prevent the achievement of real security and social justice.