cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Neutron Flux Measuring Channel Covering Ten Decades of Reactor Power with a Single Fixed-Position Detector

A new type of instrument for neutron flux measurement in reactor control systems is described. It requires only a single fixed-position fission chamber of standard design to continuously cover ten decades of neutron flux level. The wide range of coverage is achieved by utilizing both the individual pulses from the chamber and the statistical fluctuation signal developed by the overlap of individual pulses. The channel provides a logarithmic indication of neutron flux level from approximately 1 nv to 1 × 1010 nv, with period indication over the range from approximately 1 × 104 nv to 1 × 1010 nv. It also provides a range-switched linear indication of neutron flux level over the range from approximately 1 × 104 nv to 1 × 1010 nv.
The family partners for health study: a cluster randomized controlled trial for child and parent weight management

The purpose of this study was to test a two-phased nutrition and exercise education, coping skills training, and exercise intervention program for overweight or obese low-income ethnic minority 2nd to 4th grade children and their parents in rural North Carolina, USA. A cluster randomized controlled trial was carried out with 358 children (7–10 years) and a parent for each child (n=358). General linear mixed models were used to determine the effects of the intervention on weight, adiposity, health behaviors, and eating and exercise self-efficacy by examining changes in children and parents from baseline to completion of the study (18 months). At 18 months, children in the experimental group did not have a significantly decreased body mass index (BMI) percentile (P=0.470); however, they showed a reduction in the growth rate of their triceps (P=0.001) and subscapular skinfolds (P<0.001) and an improvement in dietary knowledge (P=0.018) and drank less than one glass of soda per day (P=0.052) compared with the control group. Parents in the experimental group had decreased BMI (P=0.001), triceps (P<0.001) and subscapular skinfolds (P<0.001) and increased nutrition (P=0.003) and exercise (P<0.001) knowledge and more often drank water or unsweetened drinks (P=0.029). At 18 months, children in the experimental group did not show significant improvement in eating (P=0.956) or exercise self-efficacy (P=0.976). Experimental parents demonstrated improved socially acceptable eating self-efficacy (P=0.013); however, they did not show significant improvement in self-efficacy pertaining to emotional eating (P=0.155) and exercise (P=0.680). The results suggest that inclusion of children and parents in the same intervention program is an effective way to decrease adiposity and improve nutrition behaviors in both children and parents and improve weight and eating self-efficacy in parents.
Diagnostic Role of Chromosomal Instability in Melanoma

Early diagnosis gives melanoma patients the best chance for long term survival. However discrimination of an early melanoma from an unusual/atypical benign nevus can represent a significant challenge. There are no current pathological markers to definitively define malignant potential in these indeterminate lesions. Thus, there is a need for improved diagnostic tools. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and is markedly prevalent in melanoma. Advances in genomics have opened the door for the development of molecular tools to better segregate benign and malignant lesions. This paper focuses on CIN in melanoma and the role of current diagnostic approaches.
Electron Microscopy of Astasia longa

SYNOPSIS. Cells of Astasia longa (Jahn) were grown on a simple defined medium, fixed in the stationary phase of growth with OsO4, stained with uranyl acetate, and embedded in Vestopal for electron microscopy. The cell wall was found to be a membranous structure 100 A thick. A double nuclear membrane, nucleolus, and many darkly staining bodies were observed in the nucleus. Cells contained ribosomes and elaborate Golgi bodies, but no well developed endoplasmic reticulum. The numerous mitochondria typically had well-defined cristae running longitudinally in the mitochondrion. Two bodies of unknown function were observed, one sometimes seen to surround mitochondria, the other bounded by a double membrane. A model of the reservoir structure of the euglenoids is presented, based on observations of the reservoir of A. longa and on published data from Euglena gracilis and E. viridis.
Trends in Satellite-Observed Circumpolar Photosynthetic Activity from 1982 to 2003: The Influence of Seasonality, Cover Type, and Vegetation Density

Time series analyses of a 22-yr record of satellite observations across the northern circumpolar high latitudes were conducted, and trend si n vegetation photosynthetic activity were assessed using a series of statistical tests. The results indicate that most of the northern circumpolar high latitudes (>85%) showed no significant trend in vegetation activity despite systematic climate warming during the period of analysis. Of the areas that did change, many showed the expected trends in "greening" of vegetation activity. There were, however, significant differences in the magnitude and even in the direc- tion of trends when stratified by vegetation type and density. Tundra areas consistently and predominantly showed greening trends. Forested areas showed declines in activity ("browning") in many areas, and these were systematically higher in areas with denser tree cover—whether deciduous or evergreen, needle- or broad-leafed. The seasonality of the trends was also distinct between vegetation types, with a divergence in trends between late spring and early summer (positive) versus late summer (negative) portions of the growing sea-
On the capability of delay tests to detect bridges and opens

Recent empirical and simulation studies show that adding at-speed testing to the test suite helps in detecting defective ICs missed by slow-speed and I/sub DDQ/ testing. At-speed testing attempts to detect ICs with defects, like bridges and opens, which cause faulty dynamic logic behavior. Path delay tests and transition tests are two popular tests used during at-speed testing. We show that these tests often fail to detect many bridges and opens which cause faulty dynamic behavior. Computing at speed tests is therefore fundamentally different from computing delay tests for parametric testing and new techniques need to be developed.
Evaluating Thermal and Sensorial Performance of Organic Cotton, Bamboo-Blended, and Soybean-Blended Fabrics:

In recent years, consumers have begun showing an increased interest in environmentally friendly fibers along with growing concerns about environmental problems. This trend encourages the developmen...
Direct intraoperative confirmation of penetration of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx) into the vasa nervosa of the facial nerve

The case history is described of a patient referred to our institution with facial nerve palsy following embolization of a middle cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistula using ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH). Facial nerve decompression was performed which showed evidence of extensive penetration of EVOH into the vasa nervosa of the facial nerve. Facial nerve palsy is a debilitating complication that can be avoided by attention to the lower cranial nerve arterial supply during careful procedural planning and consideration of alternative strategies for fistula obliteration in cases where eloquent feeders are involved.
Role of Interleukin-1β Converting Enzyme (ICE) in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cell Proliferation and Programmed Cell Death

The proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 has been shown to play a pivotal role in stimulating acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cell proliferation. The gene for its prominent IL-1b˜ form produces a 31-kDa precursor protein (pro-IL-1b˜) that is biologically inactive unless cleaved to its mature form by a cytoplasmic cysteine protease termed IL-1b˜ converting enzyme (ICE). Although ICE was first thought to be a unique enzyme with a single biologic activity, several investigators have demonstrated that ICE shares sequence homology with the protein product of ced-3, the gene for cell death of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, and induces apoptosis in different experimental models. It was therefore hypothesized that ICE may either augment the production of mature IL-1b˜ and stimulate the proliferation of cells, in which IL-1b˜ acts as an autocrine growth factor, or induce apoptosis. Recent data indicate that ICE is a member of an increasingly recognized family of cysteine proteases. Unlike ICE, the ot...
Effect of Retention in First Grade on Parents’ Educational Expectations and Children’s Academic Outcomes:

The effect of retention in first grade (Year 1) on parents’ educational expectations was tested in a sample of 530 ethnically diverse and academically at risk children. Participants attended one of three school districts in Texas. Of the 530 children, 118 were retained in first grade. Retention had a negative effect on parent expectations in Year 2, which was maintained in Year 3. Year 2 parent expectations partially mediated the effect of retention in first grade on Year 3 reading and math achievement and child academic self-efficacy. All effects controlled for Year 1 measures of the outcome. Results were similar across gender, economic adversity, and ethnicity. Implications for minimizing the negative effect of retention on parents’ expectations are suggested.
Metabolism in Human Leukocytes of Anti‐HIV Dideoxypurine Nucleosidesa

Of the dideoxynucleosides described to date, the purine analogues ddA and ddI have exhibited very favorable therapeutic ratios in vitro. ddI is presently undergoing extensive phase I-II clinical trials. Whereas the action of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) is usually to convert a given analogue of Ado to an inactive or less active form, ddI appears to retain the same biological activity as that of the parent ddA. An explanation for these observations was possible when we found that ddI (1) underwent only a slow cleavage to hypoxanthine through the action of PNP and (2) accumulated the same active antiviral metabolite (i.e., ddATP) as ddA in human lymphoid cells. The use of human lymphoid cells with deficiencies in cellular nucleoside kinases and of inhibitors of pathways of nucleotide metabolism have also revealed new aspects of dideoxypurine metabolism in human lymphoid cells, including the identification of a salvage pathway (phosphotransferase/5'-nucleotide pathway) by which ddA/ddI may be metabolized preferentially to the active nucleotide. The effectiveness of ddA and ddI as orally administered antiviral agents may be limited by their susceptibility to acid hydrolysis and the low efficiency for nucleotide conversion in human lymphoid cells. The presence of a fluorine atom in the arabinose configuration on C-2 confers resistance to solvolysis and renders the analogue less susceptible to enzymatic deamination and resistant to phosphorylytic cleavage by PNP. In addition, human lymphoid cells accumulated several fold higher levels of the putative active triphosphate, 2'-F-dd-ara-ATP, than those of ddA or ddI. This increased accumulation of the analogue triphosphate could be accounted for by a more direct conversion of 2'-F-dd-ara-A by a direct phosphorylation through dCyd kinase than ddA. Thus, a single substitution with fluorine at the 2' "up" position of the sugar moiety of ddA markedly improves several biochemical properties relating to dideoxynucleotide accumulation in human lymphoid cells. Whether there are significant alterations of other biochemical properties, such as the ability of the analogue triphosphate to interact with the target enzyme reverse transcriptase, has not yet been determined. Thus, a definitive resolution of the relative merit of ddA/ddI and its 2'-fluoro-arabinosyl analogue is not yet possible on the basis of the studies described here.
Radioimmunoassay of Plasma ACTH in Intact Rats

A radioimmunoassay using human ACTH as a standard was employed to follow 3 variables of pituitary ACTH secretion in intact rats. Plasma ACTH levels in nonstressed rats were higher between 6 PM and 3 AM (86–98 pg/ml) than those between 8 AM and 12 noon (39–46 pg/ml). This is the opposite of the diurnal variation pattern in humans. Plasma ACTH levels in unanesthetized, unexcited rats showed peaks 2 and 8 hr after a single intravenous injection of metyrapone. Plasma ACTH levels started to increase immediately after stress and reached almost maximum levels (932 pg/ml) 5 min after stress. This maximum response persisted for 60 min, followed by a gradual decrease throughout the remaining period of ether anesthesia and laparotomy. (Endocrinology 88: 692, 1971)
New insights into genotype and phenotype of VWD

Recent advances in VWD research have improved our understanding of the genotype and phenotype of VWD. The VWF gene is highly polymorphic, with a large number of sequence variations reported in healthy individuals. This can lead to some difficulty when attempting to discern genotype-phenotype correlations because sequence variations may not represent disease. In type 1 VWD, mutations can be found throughout the VWF gene, but likely pathogenic sequence variations are found in only ∼2/3 of type 1 VWD patients. Sequence variations in type 2 VWD are located in the region corresponding to the defect in the VWF protein found in each type 2 variant. In type 3 VWD, sequence variations are not confined to a specific region of the VWF gene and also include large deletions that may not be picked up using conventional sequencing techniques. Use of genetic testing may be most helpful in diagnosis of type 2 VWD, in which a larger number of known, well characterized mutations are present and demonstration of one of these may help to confirm the diagnosis. Bleeding symptoms in general are more severe with decreasing VWF levels and more severe in type 2 and type 3 VWD compared with type 1 VWD. Prediction of phenotype for an individual patient, however, is still difficult, and the addition of genetic data will be most helpful in ascertaining the correct diagnosis for VWD patients.
A fully abstract may testing semantics for concurrent objects

This paper provides a fully abstract semantics for a variant of the concurrent object calculus. We define may testing for concurrent object components and then characterise it using a trace semantics inspired by UML interaction diagrams. The main result of this paper is to show that the trace semantics is fully abstract for may testing. This is the first such result for a concurrent object language.
Performance characterization of IP network-based control methodologies for DC motor applications. Part II

Using a communication network, such as an IP network, in the control loop is increasingly becoming the norm. This process of network-based control (NBC) has a potentially profound impact in areas such as: teleoperation, healthcare, military applications, and manufacturing. However, limitations arise as the communication network introduces delay that often degrades or destabilizes the control system. Four methods have been investigated that alleviate the IP network delays to provide stable real-time control. This paper presents the four methodologies, while the companion paper presents a case study on a DC motor with a networked proportional-integral (PI) speed controller with various network delays and noise levels. The four methodologies are gain scheduling middleware (GSM), optimal stochastic methodology, queuing methodology, and robust control methodology. Simulation results show that NBC combined with these techniques can successfully maintain system stability, allowing control of real-time applications.
Test Setup for Determination of Bat Flight Kinematics

Bats can achieve great feats of agility by utilizing more than twenty degrees of freedom, however, this makes aerodynamic data extremely difficult to obtain, even for the simplest flight modes. Therefore, a test setup was developed to accurately map bat flight kinematics throughout the entire flap cycle with minimal occlusion using 3-D Stereo Triangulation. A controlled flight room was constructed in which the two bat species, Hipposideros Pratti and Hipposideros Armiger, could be safely monitored and directed. 3-D Stereo Triangulation was performed using three rings of ten high-speed cameras, as well as matte white markers on all of the major joint locations and scattered throughout the wing membrane. Flight direction was controlled by use of an elevated flight tunnel, ensuring that each bat would fly straight through all three camera rings. Obstacles were also incorporated to investigate the incredible banking and flight reversal that these bats are capable of. This research builds off of a previous study where markers were only placed on the major joint locations and Two-Camera Stereo Triangulation was used.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Antipsychotic utilization in the intensive care unit and in transitions of care

Abstract Purpose The objective of this study was to quantify the rate at which newly initiated antipsychotic therapy is continued on discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU) and describe risk factors for continuation post–ICU discharge. Materials and methods This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients receiving an antipsychotic in the ICUs of a large academic medical center from January 1, 2005, to October 31, 2011. Medical record review was conducted to ascertain whether a patient was newly started on antipsychotic therapy and whether therapy was continued post–ICU discharge. Results A total of 39,248 ICU admissions over the 7-year period were evaluated. Of these, 4468 (11%) were exposed to antipsychotic therapy, of which 3119 (8%) were newly initiated. In the newly initiated cohort, 642 (21%) were continued on therapy on discharge from the hospital. Type of drug (use of quetiapine vs no use of quetiapine: odds ratio, 3.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.5-4.0; P P ≤ .0001) was a significant risk factor for continuing antipsychotics on discharge despite adjustment for clinical factors. Conclusions Antipsychotic use is common in the ICU setting, and a significant number of newly initiated patients have therapy continued upon discharge from the hospital.
Explaining Religion: Notes Toward a Research Agenda

I begin by arguing that our model of religion is often based on Christianity. A Christian model of religion is going to look for gods and creeds, churches, priests, prayer, collective worship, moral codes, each of which is absent in some of the things we might want to call religions. And it may well ignore dietary and sumptuary rules or cult for ancestors, which are important in some of them. Religion is a paradigm of what Wittgenstein taught us to call a “family-resemblance” concept: each religion, like each member of a family, is like every other, in some respect, but there are few, if any, characteristics they all share. So the first thing we need to do in trying to decide what it is we’re explaining is disaggregate the elements that come together in Christianity; if we find that they usually come together that will be one of the things that we need to explain. What then are the questions worth focusing on? I think that, from an evolutionary point of view, it will be two families of issues. First will be the social and the cognitive features of religions that make their explanation challenging. A second family of issues worth exploring, once we have identified these components, is how they fit together. Why, for example does belief in invisible beings go with rituals dealing with disaster? Why does agreement in creeds go with creating powerful social groups that last across the generations? When one finds broad patterns across many societies there are usually two natural types of explanation that spring to mind. One is that the pattern reflects shared solutions to common problems, independently discovered: evolutionary homology, as it were. The other is diffusion from common sources: in a word, copying. I suspect that much of what is share in the organization of religions globally today is the result of diffusion. But, of course, why some patterns diffuse successfully and others don’t is itself something that needs explaining.
An intelligent and unified framework for multiple robot and human coalition formation

This dissertation develops the intelligent-Coalition Formation framework for Humans and Robots (i-CiFHaR), an intelligent decision making framework for multi-agent coalition formation. i-CiFHaR is a first of its kind that incorporates a library of coalition formation algorithms; employs unsupervised learning to mine crucial patterns among these algorithms; and leverages probabilistic reasoning to derive the most appropriate algorithm(s) to apply in accordance with multiple mission criteria. The dissertation also contributes to the state-of-the-art in swarm intelligence by addressing the search stagnation limitation of existing ant colony optimization algorithms (ACO) by integrating the simulated annealing mechanism. The experimental results demonstrate that the presented hybrid ACO algorithms significantly outperformed the best existing ACO approaches, when applied to three NP-complete optimization problems (e.g., traveling salesman problem, maximal clique problem, multi-agent coalition formation problem).
Probing the Linguistic Strengths and Limitations of Unsupervised Grammar Induction

Work in grammar induction should help shed light on the amount of syntactic structure that is discoverable from raw word or tag sequences. But since most current grammar induction algorithms produce unlabeled dependencies, it is difficult to analyze what types of constructions these algorithms can or cannot capture, and, therefore, to identify where additional supervision may be necessary. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the errors made by unsupervised CCG parsers by evaluating them against the labeled dependencies in CCGbank, hinting at new research directions necessary for progress in grammar induction.
Federal Constitutional Childcare Interests and Superior Parental Rights in Illinois

Even without a majority rationale, the opinions in Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57 (2000), support the notion that there are federal constitutional “liberty interests of parents in the care, custody, and control of their children” which generally foreclose state – compelled nonparent childcare over parental objections. They also recognize there can be exceptions, including perhaps when parental wishes are accorded “at least some special weight;” when “harm or potential harm” to children may ensue; when there are already “substantial relationships” between children and nonparents; or when states legitimately seek to preserve “established familial or family-like bonds.” As well, the opinions recognize that definitions of parenthood can include, at times, those without biological or adoptive ties. In Illinois, as elsewhere, the Troxel interests of parents are protected by the “superior rights doctrine.” The doctrine appears in both statutes and case precedents as do its increasing exceptions. The doctrine is also increasingly unavailable to some biological and adoptive parents because new forms of parenthood are recognized, expanding those with superior rights under Troxel. Such new parentage forms can have different labels, like de facto parent; equitable parent; parentage by estoppel; and, psychological parent. The article describes current Illinois statutes and precedents on both superior rights exceptions and parentage definitions. It examines the facts of In re Marriage of Mancine, 2012 IL App (1st) 111138, a childcare dispute between an adoptive parent and a former stepparent after comparing current Illinois policies with the policies in other American states. The article concludes with recommendations for further exceptions and new parentage definitions. It finds incomplete the proposals of the Illinois Family Law Study Committee, a General Assembly appointee whose suggestions will very likely be significantly debated in 2013. In particular, the article focuses on preferred approaches taken in other states and changes to Illinois laws on voluntary parentage acknowledgments, family relations contracts and guardianships.
Improved Motor Performance Associated with Smoother Levodopa Time-Concentration Profiles with DM-1992, a Gastroretentive, Extended-Release Carbidopa/Levodopa Tablet, in Patients with Advanced Parkinson’s Disease (P7.082)

BACKGROUND: DM-1992 is a carbidopa/levodopa (CD/LD) tablet containing an immediate-release (IR) layer and an extended-release, gastroretentive core. OBJECTIVE: To compare pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of DM-1992 with standard IR CD/LD in patients with advanced PD. METHODS: This open-label, randomized, cross-over study had a 3-day baseline period and two 10-day treatment periods separated by a one-week washout. Inclusion criteria included daily OFF time 2.5 hr, H&Y stage 2-3 when ON, daily LD dosage of 400-1600 mg in 4 doses/day. During Days 2-6, patients were titrated to optimal dosages of DM-1992 2x/day or IR-CD/LD 3-8x/day, which were then maintained. On Day 10, blood was drawn and motor tasks including finger-tapping (FT), walking time (WT), and UPDRS III were assessed over 12 hr. Responses were calculated as percent change from baseline, determined pre-dose on Day 1. RESULTS: Thirty-four patients (mean age, 61 yr; duration of PD, 8.2 yr; baseline daily LD dosage, 968 mg) were enrolled and all completed the study. On Day 10, DM-1992 administered once and IR-CD/LD administered a median of 4 times achieved similar LD Cmax and AUC. DM-1992, however, was associated with significantly higher Cmin, pre-dose concentrations and significantly lower Cmax/Cmin ratios. These smoother plasma-LD concentrations over time were associated with improved motor performance. The higher mean pre-dose LD concentration observed with DM-1992 (823 ±4 ng/ml versus 93 ±25 ng/ml with IR-CD/LD) led to improved FT (34% vs. 25%), WT (-35% vs. -4%) and UPDRS-III (-9% vs. +8%) at pre-dose compared with IR-CD/LD). Overall 12-hour responses were similar. Of the 34 patients, 35% experienced adverse events (AEs) while on DM-1992 and 14.7% while on IR-CD/LD,evidenced with no consistent pattern. Except for 1 moderate AE/treatment group, AEs were mild with no increased dyskinesia. CONCLUSION: Compared with IR-CD/LD 3-8x/day, DM-1992 2x/day achieved significantly smoother plasma concentrations associated with improved motor performance. Disclosure: Dr. Verhagen has received personal compensation for activities with Medtronic Inc., and Impax as a consultant. Dr. Verhagen has received research support from Medtronic Inc., St. Jude Medical, Ceregene Inc., Impax, Bayer Schering, the National Institutes of Health, and the Michael J Fox Foundation. Dr. Stover has received research support from GlaxoSmithKline Inc. Dr. Chen has received personal compensation for activities with Depomed as an employee. Dr. Cowles has received personal compensation for activities with Depomed as an employee. Dr. Sweeney has received personal compensation for activities with Depomed, Inc. as an employee.
Panel: Engage in Reasoning with Tools

A central goal of computer science education is to teach students how to reason about the correctness of the code they write. Typically, students use a trial and error process and check that their logic "works" by running it on test inputs. Typically, instructors encour-age them towards logical reasoning through manual tracing of the code. Rarely reasoning tools are used in the process, at least partly because few instructors are familiar with them and fewer have the time to investigate and experiment. The purpose of this panel is to introduce the attendees to a variety of reasoning tools the presenters have used in their classrooms. In some cases, the tools have been used in only one or two classes of a course to illustrate specific points. In other cases, entire projects have been done using the tools. The courses range from the introductory sequence and dis-crete structures to software engineering and graduate-level courses. The tools are freely available on the web and attendees will be encouraged to experiment with the reasoning tools on their own laptops to solve simple reasoning problems.
Temporal coupled-mode theory for light scattering by an arbitrarily shaped object supporting a single resonance

We develop a temporal coupled-mode theory to describe the interaction of plane wave with an individual scatterer having an arbitrary shape. The theory involves the expansion of the fields on cylindrical or spherical wave basis for the two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases, respectively, and describes the scattering process in terms of a background scattering matrix and the resonant radiation coefficients into different cylindrical or spherical wave channels. This theory provides a general formula for the scattering and absorption cross sections. We show that for a subwavelength asymmetric scatterer with a single resonance, the scattering and absorption cross sections can exceed the single-resonance limit for some specific incident angles of illumination, but the sum of these cross sections over all angles has an upper limit. We validate the theory with numerical simulations of a metallic scatterer that does not have any rotation symmetry.
Endogenous carcinogenesis: the role of tumor promotion.

That environmental factors are predominant in the causation of human cancer is now regarded as a fact. It has been variously estimated (1) that up to 80–90% of neoplasms in humans result from such factors. Diet and smoking probably account for the greatest proportion of these neoplasms, but infectious agents, industrial and occupational exposures, and ultraviolet radiation also play significant roles (2). Yet, with the exception of tobacco abuse as a direct causative factor in the development of bronchogenic and bladder carcinoma, the exact mechanism and proportion of cancers attributable to other agents is not clear. Furthermore, although endogenous hormonal factors play a role in the relationship of parity to breast cancer incidence (3) and possibly to ovarian cancer (4), endogenous factors in the causation of human cancer have only been hinted at. Henderson and his associates (5) have suggested that endogenous estrogens may play a significant role in the development of a number of human cancers. A role...
A Study on Standards and Development Paths of China's Three Synchronization from Development Law of Industrialization,Urbanization and Agricultural Modernization of World

Accelerating industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization synchronous development is a major task of China's "12th Five-Year" period.This paper,using data of 206 countries from 1961 to 2009 and the method of econometric model,analyzes the relationship between economic development and industrialization,urbanization and agricultural modernization,and then determine specific criteria of the "three synchronization".The study found that under the same level of GDP,the level of industrialization in China is higher than in developed countries,urbanization is significantly lower than in developed countries,and the modernization of agriculture is far behind the developed countries with the low level of agricultural inputs,land and labor productivity.As a consequence,to achieve three of sync in China,it needs to accomplish new style of industrialization through optimizing the industrial structure;accelerate the urbanization process with resource-saving;speed up agricultural modernization with path of Chinese characteristics agricultural modernization.
Expression of human lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferase in transgenic mice: effects on cholesterol efflux, esterification, and transport

Human lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is a key enzyme in the plasma metabolism of cholesterol and is postulated to participate in a physiologic process called reverse cholesterol transport. We have used transgenic mice expressing the human LCAT transgene to study the effect of increased plasma levels of LCAT in each of the proposed steps involved in the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. High density lipoprotein (HDL) from LCAT transgenic mice was 44% more efficient than control mouse HDL in the efflux of cholesterol from human skin fibroblasts. Esterification of cell-derived cholesterol was also markedly increased in mice expressing the human LCAT transgene. The rate of plasma clearance of HDL cholesteryl ester was virtually the same in both types of animals whereas the HDL cholesteryl ester transport rate was significantly increased in mice expressing the human LCAT transgene (152.3 +/- 16.9 micrograms/h vs. 203.1 +/- 30.9 micrograms/h in control and transgenic mice, respectively). Liver cholesteryl ester uptake was significantly increased in mice expressing human LCAT (58.0 +/- 1.4 micrograms/h/g liver vs. 77.9 +/- 1.7 micrograms/h/g liver in control and transgenic mice, respectively). These studies indicate that LCAT modulates the rate by which cholesterol is effluxed from cell membranes onto HDL, esterified, and transported to the liver.
Forced Nonlinear Evolution Equations and the Inverse Scattering Transform

On considere les equations de Korteweg-De Vries et de Schrodinger non lineaire avec un forcage externe de type distribution. On trouve que le coefficient de reflexion satisfait une equation non lineaire d'une forme caracteristique qui apparait aussi dans le probleme semi-infini
From Pre-Industrial Crowd to Revolutionary Underground: Dublin’ s Street Politics, 1759–97

Dublin’s radical and popular politics represent a special case in the history of the 1790s, and the peculiarities of their development before then merit extended treatment. Despite much exciting and important work on urban riots and crowds in other countries, notably the studies of eighteenth-century Paris and London pioneered by George Rude,1 and in contrast with the attention devoted to rural unrest in Ireland, Dublin’s crowd has been largely ignored. The explanation for this may lie in the perception that these urban disorders were episodic and minor. This was indeed the perception of certain contemporaries. In a clear reference to the Gordon riots, Henry Grattan once asked, ‘What are our riots compared to those of London?’ and supplied the answer, ‘nothing’. At the other end of the political spectrum, Castlereagh’s private secretary, Alexander Knox, made a similar point, expressing ‘both surprise and satisfaction that the Dublin mob of 31 March, 1795, fell short so amazingly, both in violence and in outrage, of the London mob of 2 June, 1780’2 More concisely, a modern historian of ‘class conflict’ remarks, ‘Dublin was not Paris’ 3 Although Dublin never witnessed events on the scale of the Gordon riots or the Parisian ‘September massacres’ of 1792, its street politics were nonetheless significant. The same historian acknowledges this when he observes that the 1779 riot probably ‘galvanized Lord North into action’, ‘induc[ing]’ the British cabinet to grant ‘Free Trade’.4
GLUONIUM AND QCD IN THE J / psi REGION

The existence of an extensive spectrum of colorless, flavorless bound states of two or more gluons has been firmly predicted by quantum chromodynamics (QCD).1 These gluonic bound states have been given the rather unaesthetic name “glueballs.” It is expected that the lower lying “glueball” states are bound states of mostly 2 gluons and in analogy to quarkonium, this system is called gluonium. It also expected that gluonium states should be by far easier to observe than other “glueballs” due to their relatively lower masses which are predicted to lie in the range 1 to 2 GeV.
Transdermal Delivery of Peptides and Proteins

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the enhancement techniques that aid the transport of proteins and peptides through skin, so advancing their delivery. The skin is the largest organ of the human body and functions as a barrier, protecting the internal structures of the body from the environment. Structurally, skin primarily consists of the epidermis, dermis, and the underlying subcutaneous fat. The epidermis forms the outermost layer, being exposed to the environment on one side and separated from the dermal tissue by a basement membrane on the other. From this basal membrane to the surface of the skin, the epidermis can be differentiated into several strata, namely: stratum germanitivum, or stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum. The lower strata: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum lucidum are together known as the viable epidermis. Transdermal delivery offers a potential alternative, overcoming setbacks associated with oral as well as injectable formulations. The passive delivery of proteins through the skin has to date been impracticable due to their macromolecular and hydrophilic nature, which limits their transport through the lipophilic skin barrier (stratum corneum). Hence, several enhancement techniques have been investigated to assist delivery of these molecules through skin. Among these, the use of chemical enhancers, iontophoresis, phonophoresis, and microporation have shown considerable promise.
Towards a Genealogy of Modern Sovereignty

This essay is an exercise in the form of eidetic analysis Husserl called “regressive inquiry (Ruckfrage).” The matter with which we are concerned is the sense (Sinn) of the modern state and our aim is to unearth the buried origins of this sense, the sedimented evidences from which it emerged. To achieve this goal we must first explicate the matter at issue, rendering it distinct. This entails specifying the defining traits of the state as it is currently encountered as well as discerning the specific nature of its ideality. This in turn will permit us to ascertain the necessary historical conditions, the “historical apriori,” and the tradition of sense-formation that has enabled it to emerge.1
Feasibility of power system structure preserving linear transformations for the AC optimal power flow problem

This paper introduces a method to construct a linear transformation on extended coordinates between two AC optimal power flow (OPF) problems. Furthermore, the paper also presents the optimality preserving conditions to map any local extremum of one problem to any local extremum of the other.
A versatile edge preserving image enhancement approach for medical images using guided filter

Medical imaging systems often require image enhancement to visualize images of the human body and its organs. This would help medical professionals in irregularity or abnormality detection and diagnosis. This paper demonstrates a method to enhance medical related images. The proposed algorithm uses techniques, such as, guided filtering, edge enhancement, contrast stretching, and image fusion to enhance low resolution images. Visually, the proposed method produces better or comparable enhanced images than several state-of-the-art methods. In addition, we also test the performance of the proposed method with the method mentioned in [1].
Mental Health Problems and Cancer Risk Factors Among Young Adults

Introduction Chronic mental health problems often emerge in young adulthood, when adults begin to develop lifelong health behaviors and access preventive health services. The associations between mental health problems and modifiable cancer risk factors in young adulthood are not well understood. Methods In 2016, the authors analyzed 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data on demographic characteristics, health service access and use, health status, and cancer risk factors (tobacco use, alcohol use, overweight or obesity, physical activity, and sleep) for 90,821 young adults aged 18–39 years with mental health problems (depressive disorder or frequent mental distress) compared to other young adults. Results Mental health problems were associated with white race; less than a high school education; lower income; being out of work or unable to work; being uninsured (for men only); poor health; previous diagnosis of asthma, skin cancer, or diabetes; and not having a recent checkup. After controlling for demographic characteristics, health service use, and health status, mental health problems among young adults were associated with smoking, binge drinking, inadequate sleep, having no leisure time physical activity, and being overweight or obese (among women only). Cervical cancer screening was not associated with mental health problems after controlling for demographic characteristics, health service use, and health status. Conclusions Mental health problems in young adulthood were associated with potentially modifiable factors and behaviors that increase risk for cancer. Efforts to prevent cancer and promote health must attend to mental health disparities to meet the needs of young adults.
P085 Lung re-transplant with repeated mismatch HLA antigens

Introduction Avoidance of previous donor mismatched HLA antigens is often considered for lung re-transplant due to concerns of potential HLA sensitization and memory responses. However, this approach may result in the exclusion of a large number of potential donors from consideration. Recently, we successfully performed a re-transplant with a history of multiple repeated mismatches. Patient/method A 30+ year old male with a past medical history of cystic fibrosis underwent two previous bilateral lung transplants in August 2004 and in November 2010. Both allografts failed due to CLAD/BOS that developed after respiratory viral infections. The patient also subsequently developed detectable class I and II HLA antibodies with a cPRA > 88% in May 2016. Among these antibodies, strong anti-A1, B7 and DQ2 were first donor HLA specific. The second donor shared an A3-B18-DR4 haplotype with the first donor but not the recipient. No HLA antibodies specific to this A3-B18-DR4 haplotype antigens or to any other mismatched HLA antigens of the second donor were detected. A third lung transplant became urgently necessary in October 2016. Adding his previous donors’ mismatched HLA antigens to the unacceptable HLA list resulted in a cPRA > 96%. Therefore, a personalized listing strategy was developed based on discussions between the HLA lab and the transplant program. Results A deceased donor became available in November 2016. The virtual crossmatch revealed that the donor had no unacceptable HLA antigens based on HLA antibody detection. However, this donor carried the A3-B18-DR4 haplotype which was a repeated mismatch haplotype of the previous two donors. Based on a risk and benefit assessment, this donor was accepted as the source of lungs for the third transplant. The patient received 5 plasmapheresis sessions post-transplant to prevent antibody mediated rejection. Frequent post-transplant HLA antibody monitoring has not detected development of donor specific antibodies to the third donor and the new allograft functions well. Conclusion Lung re-transplant can be performed with a cross of a repeated HLA mismatch provided that the recipient has no detectable HLA antibodies specific to the current donor. Our preliminary findings obtained from our study conducted on UNOS lung transplant data supports this conclusion. An assessment of risk and benefit of crossing the repeated mismatch HLA antigens should be done on a case-by-case basis.
Perceived Satisfaction With Long-Term Oxygen Delivery Devices Affects Perceived Mobility and Quality of Life of Oxygen-Dependent Individuals With COPD

BACKGROUND: Although routine physical activity for individuals with COPD is recommended, there are inherent limitations of available oxygen delivery devices that may result in hypoxemia during activity. Changes in Medicare laws have resulted in an increased use of oxygen cylinders and a reduction in the use of liquid oxygen devices. The aim of this survey was to assess the impact of perceived satisfaction with various oxygen delivery devices on perceived mobility and quality of life (QOL) of oxygen-dependent subjects with COPD. METHODS: A survey was developed to measure perceived satisfaction with current portable oxygen delivery devices, perceived mobility, and perceived QOL. The survey was deployed via a link posted on the COPD Foundation9s COPD360SOCIAL social media site for 5 weeks, which resulted in the recruitment of 529 participants, of which 417 were included in the data analysis. RESULTS: Quantile regression analysis revealed that the median perceived device satisfaction score was significantly higher in the liquid oxygen device group ( P P P 2 = 0.15, P 2 = 0.45, P CONCLUSIONS: For individuals with COPD requiring LTOT, perceived satisfaction with a portable LTOT device significantly and positively affects perceived mobility and QOL.
Sets and Mappings

In this chapter you will learn some of the basic ideas of set theory, particularly those associated with mappings or functions. These will be used extensively in the following chapters and, indeed, in all of mathematics. This is not a systematic treatment of set theory. It omits many essential ideas, such as, infinity, cardinal and ordinal numbers, and foundational problems, that are not directly needed in this book. I assume that you have had some experience with the use of sets, so I do not give many examples of the familiar terms. Of course, you should not look in other books to find proofs of the theorems and the exercises of this chapter, because that would defeat the purpose of the book. However, if you want to see further discussion of the topics taken up here, you can look at books in set theory.
Seed Bank—Vegetation Dynamics along a Restoration Management Gradient in Pine Flatwoods Ecosystems of the Florida Gulf Coast

Pine flatwoods ecosystems of the Gulf Coastal Plains of the southeastern United States are known for their species richness, mainly contributed by herbaceous groundcover. However, intensive silvicultural operations and exclusion of fire over a large extent of these ecosystems in the past century has led to a serious depletion of groundcover diversity. Consequently, restoration of these ecosystems has become a high priority for ecological management of forests in the area. The present study was carried out at mesic-hydric flatwoods sites in northwest Florida to examine the effects of restoration activities, including varying intensities of thinning and prescribed burning, on the dynamics of the vegetation and the soil seed bank composition and structure. Three site conditions—degraded, partially restored, and restored—representing a restoration management gradient were sampled for aboveground vegetation and soil seed bank. Vegetation and seed bank composition changed following restoration activities. However, there was little effect on the seed bank structure across the site conditions. A total of 24, 59, and 124 species in the aboveground vegetation, and 26, 39, and 64 species in the seed bank were observed in degraded, partially restored, and restored site conditions, respectively. Most of the species in the seed bank were ruderal, although native. The effect of site conditions on seed density and seed species richness and diversity was not statistically significant. However, these characteristics did vary significantly with the soil depth (main effect) where the soil sample was taken. Higher seed densities were observed in top 0–5 and 5–10 cm than 10–15 cm soil depths across all sites. Seed banks tended to resemble each other more than the vegetation and the vegetation and seed bank across all sites. The presence of mostly ruderal species in seed bank in degraded site indicates that seed bank is not a good source of regeneration of typical flatwoods communities.