cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Terahertz plasmonic field effect transistors for imaging applications

Terahertz (THz) imaging technology applications require fast electronic devices with high responsivity, good selectivity, and large bandwidth. Field Effect Transistors operating in the THz or sub-THz range and using the rectification of plasma waves satisfy these requirements. InGaAs-based, GaN-based, and Si nanostructure arrays of plasmonic devices (referred to as TeraFETs) compete for plasmonic THz imaging applications. Depending on the channel size and the electron mobility, TeraFETs could operate in three different plasmonic regimes - collision-dominated, ballistic, and viscous with the highest modulation frequency reaching the sub-THz range of frequencies. Another advantage of TeraFETs as imaging elements is a wide dynamic range - from relatively low intensity signals up to the high intensity impinging THz beam causing the excitation of nonlinear plasma waves, such as shock waves or solitons propagating in the device channels. The TeraFETs could achieve resolution down to the nanometer scale. The plasmonic electronics technology might become a dominant THz electronics technology and support sensing, imaging, and communications at THz frequencies
Galileo’s Ghost and the haunting of the Protestant (and scholarly) mind

This paper examines the legacy of the Galileo Affair as a weapon used by Protestants against those who, despite the scientific age of the earth, read Genesis literally. Believing science to have a ...
770-P: Behavioral Outcomes of High-Risk Spanish Speaking Latino Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Participating in a Novel Culturally Sensitive Shared Medical Appointment Model

Objective:Spanish speaking (SS), Latino patients (LP) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) face cultural, language and socioeconomic barriers that add to the risk of complications and higher distress. Shared medical appointments (SMAs) are effective models of care to help overcome these barriers. Behavioral outcomes of SS LP with T1D attending a novel culturally sensitive SMA pilot were analyzed. Methods: Patients 1-20 years old and caregivers participated in the SMA pilot program. Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL), Diabetes distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes-PAID) surveys and satisfaction scores were obtain baseline and yearly. Higher scores on PedsQL indicate a better overall QoL. Results: Mean A1C at baseline was 9.6% (sd=2.3). Mean distress scores for children and teens decreased from Baseline to Year 2 (47.4 vs. 37.9; p=0.21 and 54.1 vs. 51.8; p=.002, respectively) and showed improvement (not statistically significant) on mean overall QoL. Diabetes specific QoL improved from Baseline to Year 1 (78.4 vs. 81.5, p=0.46 and 68.2 vs. 73.2, p=0.24, respectively). For caregivers from Baseline to Year 2 there was significant increase in distress (39.5 vs. 65.1, p Conclusions:The novel culturally sensitive SMA model seems an effective strategy to lessen overall distress and increase QoL for High-risk SS LP youth. Parent’s final PAID scores correlated to children’s baseline A1C. It is likely that parent’s data was a result of increased education and awareness of disease seriousness. Sample size was small. Data from continued participation should be further analyzed. Disclosure R. Jensen: None. S. Suttiratana: Employee; Spouse/Partner; CVS Caremark. D. Naranjo: None. A. Gerard Gonzalez: None. Funding The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (2015PG-T1D060)
A Narrative Review of Interventions to Teach Medical Students How to Break Bad News.

Breaking bad news (BBN) is a key advanced communication skill that physicians must learn. Despite the breadth of literature describing patients’ preferences and data citing poor physician competency in this arena, there remains significant dissatisfaction with how doctors deliver bad news. One way to solve this dilemma is to ensure that we are using the best evidence-based educational approaches to train the cadre of medical students who graduate from medical school each year. This article provides a 15-year review of articles on BBN in the undergraduate medical education curriculum that have been validated using the Medical Education Research Quality Instrument (MERSQI) (Acad Med 90:1067–76, 2015). This narrative review aims to identify articles which describe undergraduate medical education curriculum that evaluate how to best teach students to communicate bad news to patients. In the process, the authors reviewed 179 abstracts in 118 academic journals. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated using the MERSQI and those that scored higher than 11.3 were chosen for analysis. This paper summarizes the 15 articles that met the criteria. The review reveals (1) standard components which should be included in an undergraduate BBN curriculum, (2) a pressing need for utilizing a teaching and evaluation tool that incorporates nonverbal communication, and (3) a further need to test long-term curriculum retention.
Multipole Graph Neural Operator for Parametric Partial Differential Equations

One of the main challenges in using deep learning-based methods for simulating physical systems and solving partial differential equations (PDEs) is formulating physics-based data in the desired structure for neural networks. Graph neural networks (GNNs) have gained popularity in this area since graphs offer a natural way of modeling particle interactions and provide a clear way of discretizing the continuum models. However, the graphs constructed for approximating such tasks usually ignore long-range interactions due to unfavorable scaling of the computational complexity with respect to the number of nodes. The errors due to these approximations scale with the discretization of the system, thereby not allowing for generalization under mesh-refinement. Inspired by the classical multipole methods, we purpose a novel multi-level graph neural network framework that captures interaction at all ranges with only linear complexity. Our multi-level formulation is equivalent to recursively adding inducing points to the kernel matrix, unifying GNNs with multi-resolution matrix factorization of the kernel. Experiments confirm our multi-graph network learns discretization-invariant solution operators to PDEs and can be evaluated in linear time.
CsPbBr3 perovskite detectors with 1.4% energy resolution for high-energy γ-rays

Halide perovskite semiconductors are poised to revitalize the field of ionizing radiation detection as they have done to solar photovoltaics. We show that all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 devices resolve 137Cs 662-keV γ-rays with 1.4% energy resolution, as well as other X- and γ-rays with energies ranging from tens of keV to over 1 MeV in ambipolar sensing and unipolar hole-only sensing modes with crystal volumes of 6.65 mm3 and 297 mm3, respectively. We report the scale-up of CsPbBr3 ingots to up to 1.5 inches in diameter with an excellent hole mobility–lifetime product of 8 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 and a long hole lifetime of up to 296 μs. CsPbBr3 detectors demonstrate a wide temperature region from ~2 °C to ~70 °C for stable operation. Detectors protected with suitable encapsulants show a uniform response for over 18 months. Consequently, we identify perovskite CsPbBr3 semiconductor as an exceptional candidate for new-generation high-energy γ-ray detection. Energy resolution of high-energy photon detectors is desired for applications ranging from biomedical imaging to homeland security. In this work, perovskite-based γ-ray detection with 1.4% energy resolution is demonstrated.
Investigation of racial disparities in semen parameters among white, black, and Asian men.

BACKGROUND Male factor infertility is the primary cause of infertility in 20% of couples. Primary evaluation of male factor infertility includes a semen analysis (SA). The World Health Organization (WHO) criteria are widely used to interpret SA. However, the current normative values seen in WHO criteria have led to research showing racial disparities in prevalence of abnormal SA. OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between different self-reported racial groups and rates of abnormal SA. MATERIALS & METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a single large tertiary care facility. All men who underwent a SA for evaluation of suspected male infertility, unexplained infertility, intrauterine insemination, and in vitro fertilization between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019, were considered for inclusion in the study. Exclusion criteria were unreported race or ethnicity, SA for fertility preservation only, history of varicocele or testicular surgery, chromosomal abnormalities, congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens, prior testosterone use, or prior exposure to chemotherapy and/or radiation. Samples obtained via testicular sperm extraction or post-ejaculatory urine collection, or those analyzed ≥1 h from ejaculation, were also excluded. RESULTS 872 SAs were identified, of which 615 met inclusion criteria, yielding 384 normal and 231 abnormal results. Only race (p < 0.0001) and age (p = 0.002) were statistically significant. Black men had the highest rate of abnormal SA (54%) and were significantly more likely to have lower semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, percent motile sperm, and total motile sperm (p < 0.05). In a logistic regression model, controlling for age and using White Non-Hispanic as the referent group, only Blacks had lower odds for a normal SA (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.28, 0.60). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Black men are more likely to have an abnormal SA based on the 2010 WHO criteria. Black men seeking infertility treatment should be educated on the incidence of abnormal SA and actively seek infertility evaluation.
A Simple Approach to Parameterize Gompertz Photovoltaic Model

The complication of PV modeling has been reduced recently through Gompertz model with retaining comparable accuracy. However, parameterizing of this newly developed PV model is nontrivial due to the need for solving complex nonlinear equations. A simple, yet accurate, approach to parametrize Gompertz based PV model is suggested in this paper. The proposed approach relies only on manufacturer datasheets information to derive a set of equations that calculates the model parameters ensuring accurate match of the characteristic curve to the information provided by datasheets. The equations are simple and can be solved directly without complicated special functions. The accuracy of the new approach is validated by evaluating its results with those of the existing method.
Strategies to Address Homelessness in the Trump Era: Lessons from the Reagan Years

Modern homelessness first emerged as a national crisis in the early 1980s, during the Reagan era; Now, with the advent of the Trump Administration, anti-government rhetoric is driving proposed cuts to safety net supports, bolstered by racism, sexism, xenophobia, and discrimination of all types. At the same time, progressive activism is also on the rise, and resistance to the current regime is pushing more people to engage in the political process to champion social justice on a range of fronts. During the Reagan years, the author and other activists were able to spur a federal response to homelessness despite steep political odds. Now, despite the challenges, there may also be opportunities for progress—in fact there may be more. The article looks back at the initial emergence of the crisis and the early advocacy to address to offer lessons for the current moment and for the future.
Proposition of Value and Fintech Organizations in Banking 5.0

This chapter deals with the products and services supplied or potentially offered by financial institutions within the framework of banking 5.0. The chapter analyzes new types of financial institutions: challengers, neo banks, open banking, and especially fintech organizations. The second part of this chapter examines financial institutions’ new services, such as instant payments, mobile wallets, request to pay, and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) banking. The chapter uses a method based on a distinction between new value-adding services based on the technologies used and new services based on better serving the customer. Banking 5.0 draws particular attention to sustainable banking. Sustainable banking integrates environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria into banking. It sets ESG as a critical goal also for banking. Banking decisions used to be based on a two-dimension risk and return analysis. In sustainable banking, decisions rely on three dimensions: risk, return, and ESG impacts.
Computer-Aided Design of Three-dimensional Knitwear

In this paper, using the principle of three-dimensional knitting, we introduce a computeraided design system and the basic knitting technology of three-dimensional knitwear in the flat knitting machine. We also provide the corresponding mathematic models
Odd, spoof perfect factorizations

Abstract We investigate the integer solutions of Diophantine equations related to perfect numbers. These solutions generalize the example, found by Descartes in 1638, of an odd, “spoof” perfect factorization 3 2 ⋅ 7 2 ⋅ 11 2 ⋅ 13 2 ⋅ 22021 1 . More recently, Voight found the spoof perfect factorization 3 4 ⋅ 7 2 ⋅ 11 2 ⋅ 19 2 ⋅ ( − 127 ) 1 . No other examples appear in the literature. We compute all nontrivial, odd, primitive spoof perfect factorizations with fewer than seven bases—there are twenty-one in total. We show that the structure of odd, spoof perfect factorizations is extremely rich, and there are multiple infinite families of them. This implies that certain approaches to the odd perfect number problem that use only the multiplicative nature of the sum-of-divisors function are unworkable. On the other hand, we prove that there are only finitely many nontrivial, odd, primitive spoof perfect factorizations with a fixed number of bases; this generalizes previous results, which presupposed positivity of the bases.
Determining effects of temperature abuse timing on shelf life of RTE baby spinach through microbial growth models and its association with sensory quality

Abstract Maintaining cold chain integrity during postharvest handling is of paramount importance to ensure the quality and shelf life of ready-to-eat (RTE) fresh-cut produce. However, breaks in cold chain may occur due to supply logistical issues and system failures. This study evaluated the effect of temperature abuse encountered i) immediately after processing and ii) in a late stage of shelf life on microbial growth and on related quality attributes of RTE baby spinach. Baby spinach samples, maintained at 1 °C and transported to the research facility via a refrigerated truck within 2 d of commercial production, were divided into two groups. The first group was immediately transferred to refrigerated rooms maintained at 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 °C while the second group was transferred to the same storage temperatures after 6 d of storage at 1 °C. Total aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, and yeast and mold counts indicated that all tested microorganisms grew slowly when held consistently at 4 °C, but more rapidly when stored at 8 °C and above. The effect of temperature abuse on microbial growth was described by a no-lag phase (primary) model and a suboptimal Huang square-root (secondary) model, which were validated and therefore can be used to predict the microbial growth in baby spinach with a reasonable accuracy. Indigenous microbial populations were highly associated with sensory attributes, with a negative correlation between aerobic plate acount and overall quality. The results of this study accentuate the importance of cold chain maintenance during the distribution of RTE baby spinach and the potential application of predictive modeling for estimating shelf-life. Such models can help the industry make science-based decisions to improve safety and quality of fresh produce. It can also serve as the basis for future artificial intelligence research to optimize the shelf life of RTE produce.
Intramurals: Improving the Supervision of Intramural Contests

(1975). Intramurals: Improving the Supervision of Intramural Contests. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 46, No. 9, pp. 51-52.
Models, Transformations of Scale, and Weighting

A realistic model is an indispensable prerequisite to any meaningful data analysis. Since most common statistical procedures are based on models involving specific assumptions, such as homoscedasticity or absence of certain interactions, it has become c..
Risk and Resilience: Animal Models Shed Light on the Pivotal Role of Inflammation in Individual Differences in Stress-Induced Depression

Data indicate a compelling relationship between inflammation and depression that may have profound clinical relevance (1). A significant proportion of patients with depression reliably exhibit increased inflammatory markers, and exposure of humans to stress, a well-known precipitant of depression, is associated with activation of inflammatory responses. Nevertheless, an important unresolved question is whether inflammation is a cause or a consequence of depression. For example, if inflammation causes depression, strategies to reduce inflammation would be a rational approach to reduce the risk of the disease and ultimately to treat it. Alternatively, if increased inflammation is a consequence of the many biologic alterations that occur as a result of stress or depression including changes in the regulation of the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system, both of which have potent immunomodulatory effects, increased inflammation in depression, while representing a significant deleterious repercussion of the disorder, may have limited relevance to its pathogenesis. Thus, teasing apart this issue of cause or consequence becomes essential for understanding the relative strategy for addressing inflammation and determining its relevance to the risk for depression and other stress-related disorders.
¿Tecnologías para pobres o tecnologías pobres?: poscolonialismo, desarrollo y tecnología en India

Desde una perspectiva postcolonial, este trabajo analiza el lugar alcanzado por la india durante el siglo XX, redefiniendo su papel en el escenario mundial como una fuerza economica moderna a traves de tecnologia de la informacion. las representaciones populares de la ciencia, los medios de comunicacion y la tecnologia, sirven para entender los traslapes entre la cultura, la historia y la economia, y los conjuntos mutuamente constitutivos entre la subjetividad y la tecnologia. se propone que las viejas politicas de casta, clase, genero e identidad nacional son reimaginadas en la "nueva" era digital
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Figitumumab, a Monoclonal Antibody Targeting the Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Receptor, in Healthy Participants

This study determined the pharmacokinetics (PK) of figitumumab and its effects on insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis-related biomarkers, following a single intravenous dose (10 [n = 16] and 20 [n = 12] mg/kg) in healthy adults. Serial blood sampling for PK and biomarkers was conducted up to 84 days postdose. A dose increase from 10 to 20 mg/kg led to 1.9- and 2.4-fold increases in mean C(max) and AUC∞, respectively. Median disposition half-life was 21.1 and 27.8 days at 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. At 10 and 20 mg/kg, figitumumab increased total IGF-1, free IGF-1, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3, and insulin by 4.1- and 4.8-, 8.3- and 12.1-, 2.4- and 2.9-, and 7.3- and 9.8-fold, respectively; increases were sustained throughout the 84-day period. There was a slight and transient elevation in IGF-2. Mean plasma glucose increased by 18% and 16% at 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Most treatment-related adverse events were mild in severity; the most common included dry eye (n = 9) and ocular hyperemia (n = 9) in the 20-mg/kg group. No antidrug antibodies were detected. Overall, figitumumab (10 or 20 mg/kg) demonstrated PK properties typical of IgG2 antibodies and produced substantial and sustained increases in IGF-1 (total and free), IGFBP-3, and insulin.
Studies of the Solution Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate in the Aqueous Solution of Partially Acetylated Polyvinyl Alcohol. IV. The Interfacial Properties of the Graft Polymer

The interfacial properties of the graft polymer, which consists of polyvinyl alcohol with polyvinyl acetate branchings prepared according to the procedure given in the previous papers, have been investigated. No significant difference between the inward and outward form of the graft polymer in interfacial tension has been observed, but remarkable differences in the ability of foming fine droplets and in the stability of the emulsion were found. This seems to-be attributable to the existence of two configurational forms of the graft polymer of which the affinity with the oil phase are different from each other. It is conceivable that neither form of the graft polymers has a solubilization power for water insoluble substances. But the effect of substances slightly soluble in water on the viscosity of the polymer solution is dependent on the different configurational conditions of the polymer molecule in solution. This is considered to depend on the intra-action of the polymer molecules, the interaction between the polymer molecules, and the medium into which the substances dissolve.
Influence of culture media on the antistaphylococcal activity of fosfomycin.

Abstract Antagonism or double zones of inhibition (or both) resulted when Staphylococcus aureus was exposed to fosfomycin in Brain Heart Infusion, tryptic/papaic digest of casein/soybean, and Mueller Hinton culture media; neither occurred with a totally defined, completely synthetic medium. The extent of antagonism was quantitated by determination of the absolute minimal inhibitory concentration of fosfomycin in each medium. By using the synthetic medium and inducers, the hexose-phosphate transport system appeared to be more important than the α-glycerophosphate transport system in providing ingress of fosfomycin into staphylococci.
Trends in solar spectral irradiance variability in the visible and infrared

[1] The Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM) on-board the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite provides the first multi-year continuous measurements of solar spectral irradiance (SSI) variability from 200–2400 nm, accounting for about 97% of the total solar irradiance (TSI). In addition to irradiance modulation from active region passage, the SSI values for wavelengths with a brightness temperature greater than 5770 K show a brightening with decreasing solar activity, whereas those with lower brightness temperatures show a dimming. These results demonstrate that different parts of the solar atmosphere contribute differently to the TSI with the behavior in the deep photospheric layers giving an opposing and nearly compensating trend to that in the upper photospheric and lower chromospheric layers. These findings need to be incorporated into Earth-climate assessments since the solar forcing induced by these differential trends are inherently different from the relatively flat spectral contributions employed in the IPCC assessments.
The relationship between multidimensional spirituality and depressive symptoms in college students: Examining hope agency and pathways as potential mediators

In this study, we examined goal-focused hope as a potential mediator between the association of multidimensional spirituality and depressive symptoms in a sample of 319 college students. Results of conducting a series of multiple mediation tests indicated that hope agency, but not hope pathways, fully and significantly accounted for the associations of ritualistic, theistic, and existential spirituality with depressive symptoms. Overall, our findings offer support for the contention that hope agency plays an important role in accounting for the association between spirituality and psychological adjustment in college students. Some implications of the present findings are discussed.
The Will as Personal Narrative

A locket. A stamp collection. The lake house. Our sister. Our best friend. Our alma mater. The things we keep. The people and entities we associate with are a reflection of self. The legal document that addresses these is our last will and testament. Yet all too often, the will is viewed by a testator as a dreary, dense, mechanical document that reflects little of his or her personality, hopes, and fears. This Article seeks to reconceptualize this most personal of legal documents as a personal narrative. To situate this assertion, the author considers the intersection of narrative and law. The Article then explores the origin of the will as a spoken document, termed the "vessel of truth" in Ancient Rome. Examples and illustrations are drawn from probated wills, both infamous (such as the wills of Alfred Nobel, Doris Duke, Bing Crosby, and Jerry Garcia) and ordinary. In an area of law that centers on the intent of the testator, the last will and testament should be a reflection of self. The examples reported here form the basis for recommendations to promote clients' goals, enrich the effectiveness of estate planning documents, and better serve the purposes of estate planning representation.
General corrosion of alloy 22: Experimental determination of model parameters from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data

Models used to predict general corrosion damage of Alloy 22 high level nuclear waste (HLNW) containers must be deterministic, relying upon the time-invariant natural laws, because of long time scales involved in the predictions compared with the time over which the corrosion of this alloy has been studied. The point defect model (PDM) is one such model and requires high-accuracy experimental data to determine model parameters that will accurately predict corrosion over the long times required for HLNW disposal. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and steady-state polarization data were collected in deaerated 4 M NaCl, pH 6 solutions at 30 °C and 60 °C. This work, which was carried out under a quality assurance program, emphasized data reproducibility and adherence to the steady-state condition in order to ensure confluence between theory and experiment. Thus, fresh electrolyte was continuously flowed through test cells allowing test specimens to remain undisturbed for up to 6 weeks during data collection. Parameters for the PDM have been estimated by optimizing the PDM on the impedance data, and the ability of the parameter values to account for the steady-state passive current density and barrier oxide layer thickness has been evaluated using phase space analysis. The calculated impedance gives generally good agreement with experimental data showing that the PDM is a valid approach.
A Unified Taxonomic Approach to the Laboratory Assessment of Visionic Devices

The increased usage of visionic devices necessitates the development of a unified approach to testing and evaluation of such devices. A NATO working group was established to achieve this goal. This paper describes a taxonomy to classify a given visionic device (based on optical design and display type) and to recommend specific test parameters that should be measured to ensure planned operational performance is delivered in the final product.
Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans by Human Plaque Flora

The ability of human oral bacteria to inhibit Streptococcus mutans was studied under a variety of in vitro conditions using an agar overlay assay. Extensive inherent variability in microbial antagonism by certain organisms was demonstrated. Antagonistic activity was also significantly influenced by changes in the assay conditions.
A mechanism for sodium oxide catalyzed CO2 gasification of carbon

Abstract Temperature-programmed reaction was used to study sodium oxide catalyzed CO2 gasification of 13C. The stoichiometry of the reaction is CO2 + a13C CO + (1 − a)13CO2 + (2a − 1)13CO, where the factor a is dependent on CO2 conversion. This stoichiometry is consistent with a mechanism composed of a reversible catalyst oxidation step and an irreversible catalyst reduction step. On the surface the catalytic surface species is oxidized by CO2 and forms CO; during the reduction reaction the oxidized species decomposes. The reversible oxidation step, which incorporates substrate carbon into gas-phase carbon dioxide, is at equilibrium. Carbon monoxide, via the reverse of the oxidation reaction, inhibits gasification of the substrate by decreasing the number of oxidized catalytic sites on the surface. The catalyst appears both to increase the amount of oxygen on the surface and to decrease the activation energy of the reduction reaction. Similar mechanisms describe potassium- and calcium-catalyzed gasification, but Na2CO3 does not interact with the carbon surface as readily as K2CO3 does. A similar mechanism is also consistent with steam gasification results reported by others and shows that a separate water-gas shift reaction is not required for CO2 production.
OPENING THE BLACK BOX

By Gunther K. H. Zupanc Oxford University Press (2004) 360pp. ISBN 0-19-870056-3 £23.99 (pbk) ![Figure][1] In Behavioral Neurobiology: An Integrative Approach , Gunther Zupanc provides an excellent introduction to the field of neuroethology, the study of the
Off-lattice pattern recognition scheme for kinetic Monte Carlo simulations

We report the development of a pattern-recognition scheme for the off-lattice self-learning kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) method, one that is simple and flexible enough that it can be applied to all types of surfaces. In this scheme, to uniquely identify the local environment and associated processes involving three-dimensional (3D) motion of an atom or atoms, space around a central atom is divided into 3D rectangular boxes. The dimensions and the number of 3D boxes are determined by the accuracy with which a process needs to be identified and a process is described as the central atom moving to a neighboring vacant box accompanied by the motion of any other atom or atoms in its surrounding boxes. As a test of this method to we apply it to examine the decay of 3D Cu islands on the Cu(100) and to the surface diffusion of a Cu monomer and a dimer on Cu(111) and compare the results and computational efficiency to those available in the literature.
The Impact of Fantasy on a Treatment Program

ABSTRACT It is axiomatic in milieu therapy that the man on top is responsible for success or failure of the program. However, little research attention has been given to the impact of a superintendent upon an institution. One reason may be that only rarely is an institution's stewardship uncomplicated by a past history. This case report is of the first-year operation of a correctional institution for adolescent delinquent girls. The superintendent literally created policy and program and trained staff in an attempt to satisfy goals of custody and rehabilitation. In this relatively unique enterprise the values, dynamics and motives of the superintendent were reflected in the life of the institution. The power invested in the superintendent in this particular setting is enhanced by an isolated location. Other employment is non-existent; commuting is not possible. Approximately a one-third population loss (i.e., 1,000 persons) has occurred during a period of extraordinary growth for every other county in the...
Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase from Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) Cells PURIFICATION AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION

An insect ovarian cell, Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9), has been widely used to express recombinant proteins, including adenylyl cyclase, as a host cell in the baculovirus expression system. We report the presence and characterization of a soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) distinct from a membrane-bound form of adenylyl cyclase (mAC) that is also present in Sf9 cells. sAC was purified 3,500-fold to near homogeneity; a single band at 25 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis correlated well with adenylyl cyclase catalytic activity. The purified enzyme had a catalytic activity of 0.1 µmol/min·mg and the Km of 0.55 mM for the substrate ATP. In contrast to mAC, sAC was heat-stable. Enzymatic activity of sAC was not stimulated by forskolin and was inhibited by salts at high concentrations. sAC utilized both manganese- and magnesium-ATP as substrate. Di- or triphosphate-containing nucleotides, such as GTP and GDP, as well as pyrophosphate, noncompetitively inhibited sAC. Our data suggest that the physical and biochemical characteristics of sAC are different from those of mAC in Sf9 cells as well as from those of other known forms of adenylyl cyclase in animal cells; sAC in Sf9 cells may constitute a new member of adenylyl cyclase found in animals.
Microfocus X-ray sources for 3D microtomography

Abstract An analytic model for the performance of cone beam microtomography is described. The maximum power of a microfocus X-ray source is assumed to be approximately proportional to the focal spot size. Radiation flux penetrating the specimen is predicted by a semi-empirical relation which is valid for X-ray energies less than 20 keV. Good signal to noise ratio is predicted for bone specimens of 0.1 to 10 mm when scanned at the optimal energy. A flux of about 1 × 10 10 photons/mm 2 /s is identified for 0.2 mm specimens. Cone beam volumetric microtomography is found to compare favorably with synchrotron based methods.
An Evaluation of the Effects of Lithium in the Treatment of Chronic Alcoholism, Clinical Results

To evaluate the efficacy of lithium in chronic alcoholism, we enrolled 47 male alcoholics in a prospective double-blind two-period crossover study. Nineteen subjects completed the 6-mo study during which they received lithium and placebo each for a 3-mo period. Self-reported alcohol intake and social and psychological factors were monitored. Three subjects claimed that they did not drink during the study. Mean self-reported alcohol intake of the remaining 16 was less during lithium therapy but was also less during the first treatment period. Neither of these differences reached statistical significance. The nine depressed patients, diagnosed from their profiles on the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory did not consume significantly less alcohol and did not change scores for depression significantly during lithium therapy. We could not demonstrate that lithium therapy was of benefit in our group of alcoholic patients.
Pigmentation-associated glycoprotein of human melanomas and melanocytes: definition with a mouse monoclonal antibody

Pigmented melanoma cells and cultured melanocytes express a differentiation-related glycoprotein designated as pigmentation-associated antigen (PAA) of Mr 70,000-80,000. As described previously, PAA was initially defined by reactivity with antibodies in the serum of a patient with melanoma. Here we describe the production and characterization of a mouse monoclonal antibody to PAA. This antibody (TA99, an IgG2a) was shown by sequential immunoprecipitation experiments to react with the same component as the human antibody. Ab TA99 immunoprecipitated PAA from lysates of cells radiolabeled with [35S]methionine, [3H]glucosamine, [3H]fucose, and [3H]mannose as well as 125I. Using Ab TA99, the distribution of PAA was examined in frozen sections of 19 normal tissues and quantitatively in 68 tissue culture cell lines. In frozen sections, only melanin-containing cells were positive, including epithelial cells in the basal layer of the epidermis, in which pigment originates from melanocytes by transfer of melanosomes, and pigmented cells of the eye. In tissue culture cell lines, only pigmented melanoma cells were positive. PAA is an intracellular antigen, with a distribution very similar to that of melanosomes. This evidence confirms the close association of PAA with melanin production, and suggests that PAA may be a melanosome component. PAA was shown to be different from tyrosinase, the enzyme involved in melanin synthesis, but it was found to be identical to the previously recognized glycoprotein, gp75, characteristic of pigmented melanomas and melanocytes.
Contralateral Boundary Conditions Affect the Biomechanical Response of the Pubic Symphysis During Pelvic Side Impacts

Clearer understanding of the biomechanics of the pubic symphysis in lateral pelvic impact tests may serve to elucidate the mechanisms of injury in automotive side impacts. While numerous experimental and computational studies have been conducted on the human pelvis, stresses and deformations of the symphysis were never measured, and the role of the boundary conditions supporting the pelvis was not emphasized. The objective of the present study was to develop a biofidelic FE model to investigate the deformations and stresses experienced by the pubic ligaments and interpubic disc under side impact conditions simulating both drop tower experiments and automotive side impacts.© 2007 ASME
The relative equivalence of senders in studies of nonverbal encoding and decoding

As an aid to researchers who study encoding and decoding of nonverbal cues, we compared the relative equivalence of encoders sending a single scene with the relative equivalence of scenes when one encoder sent many scenes. Length-corrected internal consistency was identical in both cases, indicating that no necessary gain in generality results from employing more senders each of whom sends fewer scenes rather than one sender who sends more scenes.
Using the WorldCat Collection Analysis Tool: Experiences From the University of Kansas Libraries

In March 2009, the University of Kansas (KU) Libraries began a yearlong subscription to OCLC's WorldCat Collection Analysis (WCA) tool, which was recommended by the associate dean of Technical Services and the assistant dean of Collections and Scholar Services. KU Libraries bases many of its collections decisions on collected data, including usage statistics, overlap analysis, and interlibrary loan statistics. The WCA was perceived as another method of collecting data to make collection development decisions. An implementation committee was appointed by the deans and led by the authors, the head of Collection Development and a social sciences librarian who had experience with the WCA at another institution. The implementation committee set institutional goals and priorities for the project as well as prepared informational documents and conducted training sessions for subject librarians. Librarians submitted reports for each of their collections. Although the project coordinators dealt with the many frust...
Enhancement of the Antiplaque Value of Antibacterial Agents by Enamel Conditioning Methods: III. Animal Results

Rat experiments demonstrate that adding a suitable antibacterial agent to a placebo dentifrice markedly reduces plaque accumulations on teeth brushed with the experimental product. When an enamel-conditioning vehicle is used instead of the placebo, the antiplaque effectiveness is increased many-fold.
An Investigation of the Mechanisms of Chemical Regeneration of Activated Carbon

The mechanisms underlying chemical regeneration of activated carbon loaded with physisorbed organics have been explored. Using four aromatic adsorbates and five chemical regenerants in batch equilibrium and regeneration experiments, it has been shown that solubility of the organics and surface characteristics of the adsorbent under regeneration conditions strongly influence the regeneration efficiency. Solubility in the regenerant has been enhanced either by the addition of micelles or by the generation of soluble forms of the adsorbate. In general, the latter technique is more effective. It has been demonstrated that soluble forms of the adsorbate can be obtained by pH control or the use of reactive regenerants. pH can also be used to control surface charge characteristics and, consequently, adsorbate affinity for the adsorbent. For adsorbates that are difficult to solubilize or are very strongly bound to the surface, reduced affinity for the adsorbent through a change in surface charge characteristics c...
Further studies on the electro-aerodynamic precipitator

Abstract In an electro-aerodynamic precipitator a set of high voltage wire electrodes is installed at a finite distance from a set of collector plates of the opposite polarity. The direction of the electric field formed between the electrodes and the plates is aligned with the direction of the dust-laden gas flowing into the precipitator. These alternately charged plates mounted on a drum are then rotated below cleaning shoes where the dust is removed and drained into a sump. In such a configuration, electric wind and field have the same directions as the dusty gas flow. This, together with small passages which maintain laminar flow, eliminates reentrainment by electric wind and turbulence. The corona current also increases with dust loading, thus maintaining high operating efficiency at heavy loading. A small-scale preliminary experimental study has demonstrated that such a precipitator provides consistently high efficiency (above 99%), compactness, and light weight. When collecting fly ash it does not depend on the sulfur content of the ash for high operating efficiency. Highest efficiency obtained so far has been 99–98% with cigarette smoke.
Hot clocks, jingles, and top tunes: The Bartell group stations and the development of top 40 Radio

(1997). Hot clocks, jingles, and top tunes: The Bartell group stations and the development of top 40 Radio. Popular Music and Society: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 51-62.
Descriptive Anatomy and Evolutionary Patterns of Anatomical Diversification in Adenia (Passifloraceae)

To understand evolutionary patterns and processes that account for anatomical diversity in relation to ecology and life form diversity, anatomy of storage roots and stems of the genus Adenia (Passifloraceae) were analyzed using an explicit phylogenetic context. Over 65,000 measurements are reported for 47 quantitative and qualitative traits from 58 species in the genus. Vestiges of lianous ancestry were apparent throughout the group, as treelets and lianous taxa alike share relatively short, often wide, vessel elements with simple, transverse perforation plates, and alternate lateral wall pitting; fibriform vessel elements, tracheids associated with vessels, and libriform fibers as additional tracheary elements; and well-developed axial parenchyma. Multiple cambial variants were observed, including anomalous parenchyma proliferation, anomalous vascular strands, successive cambia, and a novel type of intraxylary phloem. Successive cambia, trichomes, dermal features, and intraxylary phloem were synapomorphic for particular clades, whereas most traits were homoplastic. Several anatomical features of Adenia are consistent with xeromorphy. Repeated loss and gain of cuticularized, photosynthetic mature stems, narrow vessel elements, highly aggregated vessels, and other features indicative of xeromorphy reveal labile evolution of ecologically significant anatomical features, whereas features that are characteristic of the liana life form reveal evolutionary conservation despite diversification of life form within Adenia.
Spinoza’s Democratic Imagination

AbstractSpinoza is the great philosopher of the imagination and the first great philosopher of democracy. Rather than seeing democracy as a form of government that has overcome the need for imagination and symbols, he shows in the Tractatus Theologico-Politicus that an enlightened state depends on three myths: the myth of the sovereignty of the people so as to reconcile democracy as rule by the people with each individual living as he or she wants to live; the myth that we are a people, emotionally and morally tied to some people more than to others; and, finally, the myth that the people comprises individuals who are responsible for their own destinies. The democratic imagination differs from earlier forms of politics in that the people construct the social imaginary for themselves and are guided by it without deception. It is the social imaginary thus created, or these three myths, that make room for freedom of thought and therefore for democracy.
Sulfur in the South Florida Ecosystem: Distribution, Sources, Biogeochemistry, Impacts, and Management for Restoration

Sulfur is broadly recognized as a water quality issue of significance for the freshwater Florida Everglades. Roughly 60% of the remnant Everglades has surface water sulfate concentrations above 1 mg l−1, a restoration performance measure based on present sulfate levels in unenriched areas. Highly enriched marshes in the northern Everglades have average sulfate levels of 60 mg l−1. Sulfate loading to the Everglades is principally a result of land and water management in South Florida. The highest concentrations of sulfate (average 60–70 mg l−1) in the ecosystem are in canal water in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). Potential sulfur sources in the watershed are many, but geochemical data and a preliminary sulfur mass balance for the EAA are consistent with sulfur presently used in agricultural, and sulfur released by oxidation of organic EAA soils (including legacy agricultural applications and natural sulfur) as the primary sources of sulfate enrichment in the EAA canals. Sulfate loading to the Ever...
Age differences in academic achievement in high-functioning autistic individuals

Abstract A battery of psychoeducational tests was administered to samples of high-functioning (IQ > 70) autistic subjects and normal controls. A previous psychoeducational study indicated the presence of preserved procedural and mechanical academic skills accompanied by impaired comprehension and interpretive skills in high-functioning autistic individuals. The present findings indicate that this psychoeducational pattern also has a developmental aspect. Younger (> 13 years) autistic subjects performed as well or better than younger controls on psychoeducational measures of mechanical and procedural skills, and on some complex, interpretive tasks. However, they performed more poorly than controls on tasks that involve following complex linguistic instructions. Younger autistic subjects and controls did not differ significantly from each other on interpretive tasks, while the older autistic subjects did significantly more poorly than the older controls on such tasks. The findings are discussed in terms of ...
Visualization of catalase on acrylamide gels.

C,omparative studies have demonstrated that the superoxide dismutases present in mitochondria (1) and in bacteria (2,3) are very similar proteins ; whereas the corresponding enzyme found in the cytosol of eukaryotes (14) appears to be totally unrelated. Since superoxide diamutase functions as a defense against the toxicity of oxygen (5-7) ; it appears likely that the prokaryotic and eukaryotic types of this enzyme were independently and simultaneously evolved in response to the accumulation of 0, in the atmosphere and that mitochondria were derived from symbiotic prokaryotes. Since H?O,,, like O,-, is a potentially toxic reduction product of oxygen, we must consider the possibility that the catalases of eukaryotes and prokaryotes may also have been independently and simultaneously evolved in response to the selection pressures imposed by atmospheric oxygen. Investigations of this possibility would be facilitated by a sensitive activity stain for catalase which could be applied to polyacryl,amide gel electrophoretograms. Several procedures have been developed for the visualization of catalatic activity on gel electrophoretograms. The simplest of these depends upon the formation of visible bubbles of 0, on the surface of gels which have been immersed in solutions of H,O, (8). This method suffers from a lack of sensitivity and from the evanescent nature of the visible change. ,4 sensitive and stable colorimetrir method, based upon the starch-iodine reaction, has been described (9). This depends upon the oxidation of Ito I, by H,O, and upon t,he subsequent reaction of Iz with starch to yield a blue color. Gels will thus t’urn blue if soaked first in H,O, and then ‘in k-1. Zones of catalase are then indicated by achromatic bands. This method is restricted to starch gels. This restriction has been partially circumvented by a method which involves soaking