cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of chronic carbon dioxide retention in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease

Abstract The investigation was designed to determine the extent to which the arterial carbon dioxide tension (Pa CO 2 ) in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease is under ventilatory control. Thirty male patients, aged thirty-two to fifty-one years, were studied. Hypercapnia occurred almost exclusively in those with the more severe obstruction; only one of ten patients with a 1 second forced expiratory volume (FEV 1 ) above 1,300 cc. had hypercapnia during exercise, whereas fifteen of nineteen patients with an FEV 1 below 1,300 cc. had hypercapnia during exercise. Total minute ventilation during exercise was normal or increased in all patients, and there was no relationship between minute ventilation either at rest or during exercise and Pa CO 2 . There was a correlation between values for Pa CO 2 obtained during exercise and the ratio of physiological dead space to tidal volume (R = 0.607, p CO 2 and often resulted in a further increase in Pa CO 2 ; this was especially true during exercise. Two mechanisms accounted for this: (1) ineffectiveness of the ventilatory process so that increases in minute ventilation produced no change or actual decreases in alveolar ventilation, and (2) even with increases in alveolarventilation, there were proportional increases in carbon dioxide output, which prevented a fall in Pa CO 2 . Thus chronic hypercapnia in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease is not due to overall underventilation. The disease state requires an effective increase in ventilation for the maintenance of a normal Pa CO 2 . Subjects with hypercapnia appear unable to accomplish this increase without an excessive dead space ventilation or without an excessive increase in the carbon dioxide production of the respiratory muscles.
The interaction of cognitive styles and classroom environment in determining first-graders' behavior

Abstract This study investigates the importance of two “person” variables, reflection impulsivity and divergent thinking, and one “situation” variable, the classroom climate of first-grade classrooms, for the classroom adaptation of first-graders. Three types of classrooms differing in classroom climate were selected: open, intermediate, and traditional. Subjects were the children (n = 189) in these classrooms. Classroom adaptation variables included self concept, school attendance, and teacher ratings of classroom behavior, overall academic rank, and personal preference. Both main effect and interactional relationships between “person” and “situation” variables and classroom adaptation were hypothesized. Classroom environment was found to affect degree of classroom disturbance manifested by the children with students in open classrooms exhibiting most and students in the intermediate classrooms exhibiting least. Boys in the open classrooms had higher achievement anxiety and lower teacher preference ratings than boys in traditional or intermediate classrooms. Reflective children obtained higher ratings as self-reliant learners and, for boys, reflection was related to low classroom disturbance and high achievement anxiety. Interactional relationships between classroom environment and reflection-impulsivity were also found for boys. Divergent thinking was not related to classroom adjustment for boys. Girls high in divergent thinking were higher in school involvement and achievement anxiety and more preferred by teachers.
Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition After Small Bowel Resection

Malnutrition is frequently observed in the hemodialysis patient population. It may be associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well as affect overall quality of life, which may already be compromised from dialytic physical and psychological demands. In the past, intradialytic parenteral nutrition (IDPN) has been available to hemodialysis patients as an adjunct to their dietary intake. In this time of cost containment and the increasing need to scientifically justify the benefit of such therapies to have them paid for by third party reimbursers, IDPN is coming under much scrutiny. This report describes a case of inadequate enteral nutrient absorption in a malnourished hemodialysis patient. This is a case in which IDPN was beneficial and without which other alternatives would have proven more costly physically, emotionally, and economically to the patient.
Testosterone Metabolism by Proximal and Distal Regions of the Vas Deferens from Immature and Mature Rats

The vas deferens, an androgen-dependent organ, may have physical importance in sperm maturation, yet very little is known about its steroid capabilities. To explore the steroid metabolic activities and their possible changes during sexual maturation, a comparative study of [14C]testosterone metabolism by the proximal (VDP) and distal (VDD) segments of the vas deferens from immature and mature rats was carried out in vitro. Approximately 50 mg of the VDP and VDD portions of the vas deferens, devoid of spermatozoa, were incubated in duplicates for 3 h at 37 degrees C with [14C]testosterone (53.5 microCi/mmol) and the essential cofactors. After the addition of appropriate 3H-labeled recovery tracers to the incubates, the steroids were extracted, separated by paper and thin-layer chromatography and crystallized to constant 3H/14C ratio in 3 consecutive crystals. The results showed that all tissues metabolized [14C]testosterone into 4 major steroids: dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha-17 beta diol (5 alpha-3 alpha-diol), delta 4-androstenedione and androsterone. The metabolites accounted for approximately 16% and approximately 6% of the conversion products in the immature and mature vas deferens respectively. There was no significant difference in [14C]testosterone metabolism when VDP and VDD were compared within either age group of animals. However, the immature vas deferens was significantly more active compared to mature vas deferens in the synthesis of these metabolites, indicating that the activities of 5 alpha-reductase, 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase diminish during sexual maturation. The possible physiological significance of these changes during maturation of the vas deferens is discussed.
Moment adjusted imputation for multivariate measurement error data with applications to logistic regression

In clinical studies, covariates are often measured with error due to biological fluctuations, device error and other sources. Summary statistics and regression models that are based on mis-measured data will differ from the corresponding analysis based on the ''true'' covariate. Statistical analysis can be adjusted for measurement error, however various methods exhibit a tradeoff between convenience and performance. Moment Adjusted Imputation (MAI) is a measurement error in a scalar latent variable that is easy to implement and performs well in a variety of settings. In practice, multiple covariates may be similarly influenced by biological fluctuations, inducing correlated, multivariate measurement error. The extension of MAI to the setting of multivariate latent variables involves unique challenges. Alternative strategies are described, including a computationally feasible option that is shown to perform well.
Isolation of carbohydrate-metabolizing, extremely halophilic bacteria

Four previously unrecognized strains of extremely halophilic bacteria that utilize carbohydrates have been isolated. Gas production proved an unreliable index of carbohydrate metabolism; therefore, carbohydrate utilization was measured by determining acid formation and sugar disappearance during growth. By these procedures, carbohydrate utilization was readily detected. The results suggest that carbohydrate dissimilation by extremely halophilic bacteria may be more common than previously thought and that the apparent rarity of carbohydrate-metabolizing halophiles may be an artifact of the isolation procedures used.
Synthesis and dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the heterocyclic diphosphacyclopolysilanes, (PhP)2(SiMe2)n. Crystal and molecular structure of (PhP)2(SiMe2)3

Abstract The heterocyclic diphosphasilanes (PhP)2(SiMe2)n(n - 2, 3, 4) were synthesized by the reactions of 1, 2-dilithium-1, 2-diphenyldiphosphide with α, ω-dichloropermethylpolysilanes Cl(SiMe2)nCl (n - 2, 3, 4). Stereochemical fluxionality in these compounds was examined by dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance. The1H, 13C, 31P and29Si NMR spectra are reported and discussed in terms of a phosphorus inversion mechanism. Values of the free energy of activation for phosphorous inversion are reported for (PhP)2(SiMe2)n (n - 3, 4) and compared with related compounds. A single-crystal X-ray structure analysis has been carried out on (PhP)2-(SiMe2)3. The material crystallizes in the monoclinic space groupP21/c with four molecules per unit cell. The cell dimensions area - 12.526(11)A˚, b - 11.828(10)A˚, c - 15.412(7)A˚and β - 103.56(6)°. The molecule exists in thedl (trans) form with the five-membered ring significantly twisted. The angle between the phosphorus-phosphorus bond and the plane of the three silicon atoms is 42.9°.
Recombining Activity Domains in Activity Systems: A Modularity Perspective

A firm’s system of activities can be decomposed into sub-domains of activities, which can adapt and innovate almost independently from one another because of few interdependencies across domains. S...
Short-Term Violent Video Game Play by Adolescents Alters Prefrontal Activity During Cognitive Inhibition

Prior research has indicated an association between exposure to violent media and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior, potentially as a result of effects on inhibitory mechanisms. However, the role of violence in video games in modulating subsequent neural activity related to cognitive inhibition has received little attention. To examine short-term effects of playing a violent video game, 45 adolescents were randomly assigned to play either a violent or a nonviolent video game for 30 minutes immediately prior to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During the fMRI procedure, participants performed a go/no-go task that required them to press a button for each target stimulus and withhold the response for non-target stimuli. Participants who played the violent game demonstrated a lower BOLD response in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) when responses were appropriately inhibited. The DLPFC is involved with executive functioning, including suppression of unwanted thoughts and beha...
Endoscopic subureteral injection is not less expensive than outpatient open reimplantation for unilateral vesicoureteral reflux.

Purpose: Extravesical ureteral reimplantation and subureteral Deflux® injection are used to correct vesicoureteral reflux with success rates of 94% to 99% and up to 89%, respectively. It was reported that unilateral extravesical reimplantation may be performed safely in an outpatient setting. Given that, we analyzed total system reimbursement to compare planned outpatient unilateral extravesical reimplantation to subureteral Deflux injection in patients with unilateral vesicoureteral reflux.Materials and Methods: Data were collected on consecutive patients undergoing outpatient procedures for unilateral vesicoureteral reflux. Assessment of total system reimbursement was made using a payer mix adjusted calculation of surgery plus anesthesia plus hospital reimbursement. This was compared per procedure and in terms of total system reimbursement for each approach to obtain a similar resolution rate.Results: A total of 209 consecutive patients were identified, of whom 26 underwent subureteral Deflux injection ...
Three dimensional laminar dispersion in open and closed rectangular conduits

Abstract The effect of side walls on the dispersion process in open and closed rectangular ducts is studied. As the aspect ratio increases, the steady state convection coefficient approaches an asymptotic value, obtained by neglecting side wall effects. However, the dispersion coefficient does not reduce to that for a flow with no side walls. The asymptotic steady state dispersion coefficient is about eight times larger than that obtained by neglecting side wall effects. The time dependent behavior of the convection and dispersion coefficients is also studied and it is shown that the real time required to reach the corresponding steady state value may be very large even for turbulent systems. In such cases simple constant coefficient models lead to serious error, and the present approach is a useful alternative. A simple approximate method of calculating the time dependent dispersion coefficient by adding the contribution of vertical and horizontal gradients, is shown to be useful over a wide range of operating conditions. This work provides a basis for studying three dimensional unsteady convective diffusion which occurs in various separation processes, including chromatography, electrophoresis, ultrafiltration and other systems.
Placement of multimedia blocks on zoned disks

We examine the impact on optimal data placement schemes for random retrieval due to a new trend in disk technology, namely zoned magnetic disks, which record data with a constant linear density and have a constant angular velocity. This modifies the optimal data placement that minimizes response time, since now the data transfer time varies with block placement whereas the transfer time and cylinder capacity was constant for traditional magnetic disks. We focus on the optimal placement of video objects stored in multimedia servers that consist of fixed-size blocks of constant-bit-rate encoded data or varying-size blocks of variable-bit-rate encoded data. The differences in popularity and access rates among these objects allow minimization of seek times by varying the data placement. We describe an optimal placement of fixed-size blocks on zoned disks that minimizes response time. Video objects are accessed by streams that playout the blocks at a given rate, requiring disk access by a deadline in order to avoid glitches in playout. For the placement of varying-size blocks on zoned disks, we study a scheme that minimizes the probability that a block access misses its deadline. This is done by adjusting the value representing the popularity of blocks to take into account both block size and the relative importance of seek time and transfer time using a weighting factor. We quantify the improvements in disk throughput for a given block-deadline miss probability.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Resource utilization in the management of subglottic stenosis

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine resource utilization in managing subglottic stenosis.STUDY DESIGN: The Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) 2003 was analyzed.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: I...
The political failure of employment policy, 1945-1982

This political history of US manpower training and employment policy from the 1946 Employment Act to the current Job Training Partnership Act attempts to analyze the failure of the US to adopt viable employment policies. Between these two landmarks of legislation lie the War on Poverty, attempts to create public service employment (PSE), the abortive Humphrey-Hawkins Act and the beleaguered Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA). Mucciaroni aims to trace the impact of economic ideas and opinions on federal employment policy. Efforts at reform, he believes, are frustrated by a culturally entrenched belief in economic liberty that restricts the role of government and holds workers themselves accountable for success or failure.
Imaging Techniques For Low-Flux Neutron Radiography

A number of direct imaging techniques were compared by analysis of radiographs, and density versus exposure curves were generated for the various techniques. Fiber optics face plates were used to improve the resolution of scintillator-produced neutron radiographs while calcium-tungstate scintillation screens were employed to enhance transfer radiographs. The use of gadolinium oxysulfide scintillation screens resulted in reduced exposure times compared to standard metal screens.© (1972) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Quenching of the excited state of hydrated europium(III) ions by electron transfer

Abstract The quenching of * Eu 3+ aq by several metal complexes and organic compounds takes place by electron transfer. The reactions are rather slow and only the most powerful reductants quench * Eu 3+ effectively. The most reactive quenchers were Ru(NH 3 ) 2+ 6 , Fe(C 5 Me 5 ) 2 , and Fe(C 5 H 5 ) 2 . It was observed that Eu 2+ and Cr 2+ have similar reactivity with * Eu 3+ . Quenching with N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (TMPD) and N,N′-diphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (DPPD) yields the strongly absorbing radicals TMPD + and DPPD + , thus providing direct evidence for electron transfer. The slow rates of the * Eu 3+ reactions imply that the electron-exchange rate constant for * Eu 3+ aq /Eu 2+ aq is small, like that for the ground-state couple. The energy transfer quenching by metal ion complexes is also inefficient, as demonstrated by the lack of reactivity of non-reducing Mn 2+ and Co(NH 3 ) 3+ 6 complexes. Eu 3+ in the ground state reacts effectively with excited state biacetyl by energy transfer to form * Eu 3+ .
RB activity affects checkpoint control and chemosensitivity in lung cancer lines

Abstract Body. Our hypothesis was that restoration of retinoblastoma (RB) activity alters cell-cycle checkpoint control and chemosensitivity in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lines. Methods. Adenoviral constructs were created containing wild-type RB, RBΔcdk (a constitutively active phosphorylation-site mutant), and an empty control. NSCLC lines NCI-H520 (wild-type RB), NCI-H596 (RB null), NCI-H1734 (RB null), and NCI-H2172 (mutant RB) were infected. Protein levels were determined by immunoblotting. Cell-cycle distribution was measured using flow cytometry. Chemosensitivity was tested by MTT viability assay. Results. NSCLC lines with disrupted RB expressed elevated levels of thymidylate synthase (TS) and Topoisomerase IIα (TopoIIα). Reintroduction of RB activity into H596, H1734, and H2172 down regulated TS and TopoIIα, as well as cyclin A. However, RB and RBΔcdk could not be overexpressed after adenoviral introduction into H520, and no alteration of TS, TopoIIα, or cyclin A levels were seen. Adenovirally mediated RB and RBΔcdk expression in H596, H1734, and H2172 led to a G1 arrest, while H520 exhibited no change in cell-cycle distribution. The cell-cycle checkpoint responses to chemotherapeutic treatments varied between cell lines. In H520, exposure to cisplatin, VP-16, or 5-FU resulted in a G1 arrest. But S, G2/M, or limited G1 arrests were observed in lines deficient for RB activity. Reintroduction of RB activity established a G1 arrest with chemotherapeutic exposure. MTT assays showed normal viability in all NSCLC lines after 5-FU treatment, but cisplatin and VP-16 reduced viability in all lines. Restoration of RB activity conferred partial chemoresistance in H596, H1734, and H2172. Conclusions. RB reconstitution into NSCLC lines with disrupted RB re-establishes normal expression of targets of RB-mediated repression and confers a G1 arrest. The G1 checkpoint response to chemotherapy is restored by RB reintroduction. Restoration of RB activity in RB-deficient NSCLC lines decreases chemosensitivity.
Using Factor Analysis to Estimate Parameters

Abstract Factor analysis has been traditionally utilized for three broad purposes: First, as a data reduction technique which will hopefully simplify a multivariate situation to a smaller set of dimensions and enable the researcher to utilize data on a large number of variables; second, as an indexing device in which overtly manifested data are transformed to provide the latent or unobservable trait of a phenomenon; finally, as a cluster technique which helps the researcher to classify a variety of observations into a small set of clusters which are also generally ordered. All three approaches have used a common starting point, namely, a matrix of correlations either among the variables (R type factor analysis) or among the observations (Q type factor analysis). In other words, factor analysis has been limited to associative relations. The same technique can be used in functional relations, especially to estimate parameters of all linear and several nonlinear functions. It, therefore, essentially seems to...
Socially computed scripts to support social problem solving skills

The social world that most of us navigate effortlessly can prove to be a perplexing and disconcerting place for individuals with autism. Interactive tools to teach social skills that are personalized to the individual's needs show promise, but it is challenging to author them. We describe the design, development, and preliminary evaluation of an approach to using human computation that enables the creation of models of complex and interesting social scenarios, possible obstacles that may arise in those scenarios, and potential solutions to those obstacles. Our preliminary evaluation of the models confirms that these models have the potential to help an author create a social skills instructional module.
Temperamental turkeys: reliability of behavioural responses to four tests of fear

Abstract Open field (OF), tonic immobility (TI), voluntary approach (VA) and novel object (NO) tests are used to assess fear responses, activity levels and coping styles of poultry. Fear tests are also used as part of welfare assessment programmes. Little is known about fear responses of turkeys. Specifically, it is unknown whether turkeys' fear responses are reliable which is important when developing tests for assessing welfare. This study examined the short- (between days) and long-term (between weeks) changes in, and test–retest reliability of, turkeys' fear responses. Male commercial turkeys were housed in groups of four to six in 16 pens. Turkeys were individually tested in OF ( n =60) and TI ( n =66) tests. VA and NO tests were administered to groups of turkeys in their pens ( n =16). Turkeys were tested three times in each test. The first (Period 1) and second (Period 2) tests were administered on consecutive days between 4 and 6 weeks, and the third test (Period 3) between 8 and 10 weeks. Other than increased sitting and reduced standing during OF testing and more birds approaching and pecking the observer during VA testing (Period 2 vs. 1), frequencies of responses did not differ between test periods. However, test responses (e.g. latencies to ambulate, vocalise, approach and peck) differed between periods depending on the fear test used. All VA test measures differed between periods, whereas most TI test measures did not. Most OF and NO test measures differed between weeks, but not between days. Except for the number of vocalisations ( r S =0.39), most OF test responses were moderately reliable ( r S >0.40). The latency to vocalise ( r S ≥0.51) and number of vocalisations ( r S ≥0.59) were the most reliable TI test measures, whereas reliability of TI duration ( r S ≤0.31) was low. All VA test measures were moderately to highly repeatable between days and weeks (e.g. latency to peck: r S ≥0.67). Reliability was lowest for the NO test, where only the latency to peck was moderately repeatable ( r S =0.61). These findings suggest that although some fear responses of turkeys change over time and with repeated testing, most OF, TI and VA responses are reliable between days and weeks. However, few NO test measures were reliable under the conditions of this study. Further research is needed to assess the validity of OF, TI, VA and NO tests for assessing fear responses of turkeys.
Magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in coronal arcades

The MHD stability of coronal arcades is studied with and without a detached flux using a two-dimensional linear MHD stability numerical model. Two-dimensional magnetohydrostatic equilibria with and without gravity are computed. A coronal arcade without a detached flux tube is found to be stable for any magnetic shear and for any longitudinal mode. On the other hand, an arcade with a detached flux tube is unstable for perturbations with nonzero longitudinal wave number n and the instability mode structure and growth rate vary depending on the field twist and n. All the equilibria studied are stable to n = 0 perturbations. Gravity has a stabilizing effect on the equilibria. As the ratio lambda of the standard arcade width to the gravitational scale height increases from zero to 0.2, the m = 0 transverse mode growth rate decreases, but high m modes are stabilized. The equilibria studied here are completely stabilized for lambda larger than 0.33.
Oceanography: Carbon cycle at depth

The existence of a microbial community in the ocean crust has long been hypothesized. Isotopic evidence indicates that a deep biosphere of microbes both scrubs oceanic fluids of organic matter and produces new, yet old, organic carbon in situ.
The olfactory L -serine receptor in coho salmon: biochemical specificity and behavioral response

1. The specificity of the olfactory receptor site forl-serine in coho salmon,Oncorhynchus kisutch, was evaluated by using biochemical receptor and behavioral assays of olfaction. 2. A competitive binding experiment showed that the ability of amino acids to compete for thel-serine binding site depended on molecular size and charge.l-threonine,l-serine, andl-alanine were best able to compete withl-serine suggesting that the threonine-serine-alanine (TSA) odor binding site exists in coho salmon. 3. The behavioral response to singly-presented amino acids was evaluated by using a two-choice Y-trough. Threonine, serine, alanine, and histidine were behaviorally avoided at 10−7M. All other amino acids tested were neither aversive nor attractive. 4. A cross-adaptation experiment indicated that the detection and behavioral avoidance of serine was inhibited by the adapting amino acids serine, alanine, or glycine but not by threonine, aspartic acid, or histidine. 5. A classical conditioning experiment showed that single fish were unable to discriminate between serine and alanine but were able to discriminate serine or alanine from a qualitatively different odor such as histidine. 6. These results, taken together, indicate thatl-serine andl-alanine were functionally identical odors to coho salmon. We propose that a functional olfactory receptor site for serine and alanine (site SA) exists in coho salmon.
Vaccination in HIV-infected Patients.

Nearly 20 years into the HIV pandemic, vaccination of HIV-infected persons remains controversial. Although vaccinepreventable diseases are common in HIV, concerns about vaccine safety and lack of efficacy in this setting often lead to missed opportunities for vaccination. In this article, we review the literature regarding vaccine risks and benefits and offer recommendations regarding their use and timing in HIV-infected persons.
Electron states and electron-phonon coupling in the BEDT-TTF-based organic superconductors.

The electronic structure and the coupling of electrons to the vibrational modes of a single {ital bis} (ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF) molecule, the building block of a class of organic superconductors, are studied from quantum chemical calculations. We find that the molecular orbital structure near the Fermi energy can be described with a simple tight-binding model involving only the out-of-plane {ital p} orbitals on the carbon and sulfur atoms in the central part of the molecule. Just three of the vibrational modes of {ital A}{sub {ital g}} symmetry couple strongly to the electron states resulting in a frequency shift of typically 10{percent} for these modes. The high-frequency {ital A}{sub {ital g}}(11) mode is predicted to be broadened the most by the coupling, by an amount of {approximately}8{percent}. The calculated electron-phonon coupling constant in the solid, {lambda}{approximately}0.4, is strong enough to produce a superconducting transition temperature {ital T}{sub {ital c}}{approximately}3{endash}10 K as estimated from McMillan{close_quote}s formula, indicating that the superconductivity in the BEDT-TTF compounds can be explained within the standard BCS electron-phonon coupling theory. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Minimally Invasive Management of Boerhaave’s Syndrome

We report the case of a 42-year-old man with Boerhaave's syndrome. His medical history was significant only for a long-standing history of dysphagia. The patient presented to the emergency department with vomiting, followed by severe retrosternal and epigastric pain of sudden onset. An esophagogram showed evidence of free extravasation of contrast from the left posterolateral aspect of the distal esophagus just above the level of the hiatus. A minimally invasive technique was used to repair this injury.
Kinetics of Network Re-Formation in Hydrolytic Degraded AFR700B Polyimide Resin

Dynamic mechanical spectrometry was used to investigate the network formation processes during the high-temperature isothermal post-cure of virgin and hydrolytic degraded AFR700B resin. Upon exposure to hydrolytic conditions, a significant degradation in physical and mechanical properties of newly developed high-temperature PMR type polyimide resins (AFR700B) was observed. In this study we are particularly interested in the kinetics and the controlling mechanism of the network formation and re-formation processes at the high-temperature post-cure stage. In situ viscoelastic experiments were performed at a temperature of 400 °C. At this temperature the curing of polymer resin continues, thus the isochronal elastic modulus increases as the curing time increases. Furthermore, it was possible to perform a time–curing time superposition using these isothermal elastic modulus curves. This time–curing time shift-rate is then used as a direct measure of the kinetics of polyimide network formation. Interestingly, ...
Multi-View Geometry for Camera Networks

Designing computer vision algorithms for camera networks requires an understanding of how images of the same scene from dierent viewpoints are related. This chapter introduces the basics of multiview geometry in computer vision, including image formation and camera matrices, epipolar geometry and the fundamental matrix, projective transformations, and N-camera geometry. We also discuss feature detection and matching, and describe basic estimation algorithms for the most common problems that arise in multiview geometry.
Radio frequency transistors based on ultra-high purity semiconducting carbon nanotubes with superior extrinsic maximum oscillation frequency

In this paper, we report polyfluorene-separated ultra-high purity semiconducting carbon nanotube radio frequency transistors with a self-aligned T-shape gate structure. Because of the ultra-high semiconducting tube purity and self-aligned T-shape gate structure, these transistors showed an excellent direct current and radio frequency performance. In regard to the direct current characteristics, these transistors showed a transconductance up to 40 μS/μm and an excellent current saturation behavior with an output resistance greater than 200 kΩ·μm. In terms of the radio frequency characteristics, an extrinsic maximum oscillation frequency (f max) of 19 GHz was achieved, which is a record among all kinds of carbon nanotube transistors, and an extrinsic current gain cut-off frequency (f T) of 22 GHz was achieved, which is the highest among transistors based on carbon nanotube networks. Our results take the radio frequency performance of carbon nanotube transistors to a new level and can further accelerate the application of carbon nanotubes for future radio frequency electronics.
Crowdfunding: A Spimatic application of digital fandom

The digital environment has opened up new spaces for fans to engage with the production process of their favoured texts. However, fan studies have largely neglected the larger temporal structures undergirding this engagement. In this article, I augment studies of digital fandom by utilizing Bruce Sterling’s technosocial concept of the Spime as a means of investigating the relationship forged between the technology of crowdfunding and the affect of particular audiences. The successful Kickstarter campaigns for Rob Thomas and Kristen Bell’s Veronica Mars film and Zach Braff’s film Wish I Was Here, and the failed Kickstarter campaign for Melissa Joan Hart’s film Darci’s Walk of Shame, each illustrate how the entertainers drew (or did not draw) on specific support from the lineage of his or her own fan communities to generate funds and word-of-mouth publicity. These campaigns ultimately illustrate the consequential powers of the fan at multiple nodes within the production process.
The cylindrical antenna with arbitrary driving point

A new, reasonably accurate approximate solution is obtained in trigonometric form of the distribution of current and the admittance of a cylindrical antenna when driven off center. The symmetrical problem (sleeve dipole) with two equal generators at the same distances from the center is solved first, then the antisymmetrical case with equal and opposite generators. A suitable superposition of the two results provides the solution for the dipole antenna when driven at an arbitrary point along its length. The results are sufficiently simple to be useful in the study of antennas with active or passive elements located along their length.
Oxidized HDL The Paradox-idation of Lipoproteins

The strong inverse relationship between HDL level and risk for coronary artery disease has been attributed to different mechanisms. More than 30 years ago, Glomset1 proposed that HDL mediates the transfer of cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver, where the sterol and its oxygenated products are excreted into the bile. Subsequent studies demonstrated that HDL accepts cholesterol from macrophage foam cells, the cellular hallmark of the atherosclerotic lesion.2,3⇓ In this scenario, HDL accepts cholesterol from macrophage foam cells in the artery wall and transports it back to the liver for excretion.4,5⇓ Strong evidence for this process, termed reverse cholesterol transport, was provided by the recent identification of the molecular defect in Tangier disease as mutations in ABCA1, a membrane-associated ATP-binding cassette transporter.5–7⇓⇓ Patients with Tangier disease have abnormally low levels of HDL cholesterol and suffer from premature coronary artery disease.6 Importantly, macrophages with genetically engineered overexpression of ABCA1 fail to accumulate cholesteryl ester in vivo; in vitro, their ability to donate cholesterol to HDL is markedly increased.8 Studies of fibroblasts cultured from patients suffering from Tangier disease have shown that the mechanism involves the transfer of membrane-associated cholesterol from cells to poorly lipidated apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), the major protein component of HDL.9 See page 1583 A number of other properties of HDL could also contribute to its cardioprotective effects. Many lines of evidence support the hypothesis that oxidation converts LDL, the major carrier of blood cholesterol, into an atherogenic form.10,11⇓ Unmodified HDL protects LDL from oxidative modification by metal ion-dependent12 and -independent pathways.13 However, HDL that has been oxidized by …
Application of the Goutallier/Fuchs Rotator Cuff Classification to the Evaluation of Hip Abductor Tendon Tears and the Clinical Correlation With Outcome After Repair

Purpose To assess the reliability and reproducibility of the Goutallier/Fuchs classification for the evaluation of abductor tendon tears of the hip, as well as to identify the relation between preoperative tear size, abductor muscle quality, and the success of endoscopic tendon repair. Methods This is a retrospective review of 30 consecutive endoscopic abductor tendon repairs performed by a single surgeon over a 2-year period. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging scans were reviewed, and the muscle was assigned a grade according to the Goutallier/Fuchs classification. Patient-rated outcome scores—visual analog scale score, Hip Outcome Score (HOS), and modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS)—were collected preoperatively and at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability for muscle grading was calculated. Postoperative outcome measures were compared with preoperative tear size, muscle grade, and repair type to assess for correlations. Results Of the 30 hips included in the study, over 75% were classified as grade 1 (n = 15) or grade 2 (n = 8). The intraobserver reliability and interobserver reliability of the classification system averaged 0.872 and 0.916, respectively. Two patients (grades 3 and 4) had repair failure and underwent muscle transfer. In the remaining 28 hips, improvement was seen in the visual analog scale score (6.0 v 1.7, P v 83.4, P v 75.0, P v 81.1 points, P P P = .011), HOS–Sport-Specific subscale scores (regression coefficient, −5.63; P = .016), mHHS values (regression coefficient, −3.50; P = .0008), and patient satisfaction (regression coefficient, −1.04; P v single row) did not affect postoperative outcomes. Conclusions The Goutallier/Fuchs classification system can be reliably and reproducibly applied to the evaluation of abductor tendon tears of the hip and appears to correlate with patient-rated outcomes after repair. Increasing preoperative muscle fatty atrophy correlates with increased patient pain and decreased patient satisfaction and functional outcomes after repair. Level of Evidence Level IV, prognostic case series.
Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences

One of life's great challenges is successfully regulating emotions. Do some emotion regulation strategies have more to recommend them than others? According to Gross's (1998, Review of General Psychology, 2, 271-299) process model of emotion regulation, strategies that act early in the emotion-generative process should have a different profile of consequences than strategies that act later on. This review focuses on two commonly used strategies for down-regulating emotion. The first, reappraisal, comes early in the emotion-generative process. It consists of changing the way a situation is construed so as to decrease its emotional impact. The second, suppression, comes later in the emotion-generative process. It consists of inhibiting the outward signs of inner feelings. Experimental and individual-difference studies find reappraisal is often more effective than suppression. Reappraisal decreases emotion experience and behavioral expression, and has no impact on memory. By contrast, suppression decreases behavioral expression, but fails to decrease emotion experience, and actually impairs memory. Suppression also increases physiological responding for suppressors and their social partners. This review concludes with a consideration of five important directions for future research on emotion regulation processes.
Interaction effects in models of consumer spatial behaviour

Abstract Our ability to identify the optimal location for single stores or shopping centres is very much dependent on our ability to understand and predict consumer spatial behaviour. Interaction effects are of central concern in models of consumer spatial behaviour, as the presence of such effects can have a considerable impact on the functional form of the utility expression. Using data generated from a set of Los Angeles residents, a variety of log-linear models are estimated in order to explore the issue of interaction effects in consumer choice. The results suggest that interaction effects play an important role in the individual decision-making process.
Paraneoplastic pemphigus appearing as bullous pemphigoid-like eruption after palliative radiation therapy

Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a recently described disease in which patients have polymorphous skin lesions suggestive of both erythema multiforme major and pemphigus vulgaris in association with internal neoplasms, especially non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. These patients have characteristic autoantibodies that bind specific epidermal proteins. A Nikolsky-negative bullous pemphigoid-like eruption developed within the radiation therapy field in a 72-year-old man receiving palliative treatment for recurrent large cell lymphoma. The eruption rapidly progressed to a Nikolsky-positive bullous process more typical of pemphigus vulgaris with extensive involvement of respiratory epithelia. Despite aggressive treatment with high-dose corticosteroids and antibiotics, the patient rapidly succumbed. Results of immunofluorescence studies and autopsy findings confirmed the diagnosis of paraneoplastic pemphigus.
Fluoxetine versus sertraline and paroxetine in major depression: tolerability and efficacy in anxious depression

Abstract Background : Major depression with high levels of anxiety (anxious depression) is a common subtype of depression associated with greater psychosocial impairment and poorer response to antidepressant treatment. It is unclear whether in this population there are differences in efficacy or tolerability across selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. For this reason, using head-to-head acute treatment comparison, we compared efficacy and tolerability of fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine among depressed patients with high levels of anxiety. Methods : Patients ( N =108) with DSM-IV major depression and high levels of anxiety (a HAM-D-Anxiety/Somatization Factor score ≥7) were randomized to fluoxetine, sertraline, or paroxetine treatment in a double-blind fashion. Changes in overall depression and anxiety were assessed. Results : Patients demonstrated similar baseline-to-endpoint improvement in HAM-D-17 and HAM-D-Anxiety/Somatization Factor scores. Patients also demonstrated similar change-over-time improvement in HAM-D-17 and HAM-D-Anxiety/Somatization Factor scores, except at week one where fluoxetine- and sertraline-treated patients had statistically significantly greater improvement than paroxetine-treated patients in the HAM-D-Anxiety/Somatization Factor score. There were no significant differences across treatments in percentages of patients with substantial emergence, any worsening, or improvement at endpoint in individual HAM-D Items 9 (agitation), 10 (psychic anxiety), and 11 (somatic anxiety). Overall, all treatments were well tolerated. Conclusion : These data showed no significant differences in efficacy and tolerability of fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine in patients with high levels of baseline anxiety symptoms during the acute treatment of major depression. Each treatment was similarly effective in improving depression in this subtype of patients with anxious depression.
Impact of Variability on Clock Skew in H-tree Clock Networks

Clock distribution networks play a key role in determining overall system performance. In this paper, the authors investigate the effect of parameter variations on the performance of a commonly used clock distribution structure, a H-tree clock network. The design of robust high performance clock networks face significant challenges due to increasing parameter variations in sub-65nm technologies. As shown in the results, the contribution of interconnect variations to clock skew has risen by upto 3 times from 180nm to 45nm technology. It also suggests that the effect of variability is most prominent at the second and third stages of the 5-stage H-tree clock network. This analysis will help develop mitigation techniques that focus on addressing specific failure mechanisms caused by variability in clock networks
Significant issues for environmental policy and air regulation for the next decade

This conference focuses on air pollution and other environmental problems that affect the Adirondack region. I wish to stand back from that focus, and ask, from the perspective of economics, what are the fundamental questions that will confront environmental policy in the United States as we move into the next century. I believe there are three central questions, all variants of the following: what is the appropriate role of the government? Those three questions are: what is the appropriate degree of government activity; what form should that activity take; what level of government should be delegated responsibility? Now, in a brief presentation such as this, I cannot provide definitive answers to these difficult and complex questions. What I will try to do, however, is define the questions clearly, and suggest criteria that can be used within a political context to evaluate responses.
Intensification of insulin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An algorithm for basal-bolus therapy

The incidence of diabetes mellitus is projected to continue to increase worldwide over the next 20 years leading to increased costs in the management of the disease and its associated co-morbidities. Insulin replacement is one of many treatment options that can help to bring about near normoglycemia in the patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glycemic control as close to normoglycemia as possible can help to reduce the risk of microvascular and macrovascular complications, yet less than one-half of patients with T2DM achieve glycemic targets as recommended by practice guidelines. The purpose of this review is to provide guidance to primary care physicians for the initiation and intensification of basal-bolus insulin therapy in patients with T2DM. Two treatment algorithms that can be both patient- and physician-driven are proposed: a stepwise approach and a multiple daily injections approach. Evidence shaping the two approaches will be discussed alongside management issues that surround the patient treated with insulin: hypoglycemia, weight gain, patient education, and quality of life.
A simple physical model including velocity overshoot for n-channel heterostructure FETs

A one-dimensional DC model is constructed for n-channel heterostructure FETs. The model includes the velocity versus field relationships, carrier diffusion, and velocity overshoot. The model and experimental data imply that the drain current increases by about 27% by velocity overshoot when the gate length is 1 mu m. >
MIMO Radar Waveform Optimization With Prior Information of the Extended Target and Clutter

The concept of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar allows each transmitting antenna element to transmit an arbitrary waveform. This provides extra degrees of freedom compared to the traditional transmit beamforming approach. It has been shown in the recent literature that MIMO radar systems have many advantages. In this paper, we consider the joint optimization of waveforms and receiving filters in the MIMO radar for the case of extended target in clutter. A novel iterative algorithm is proposed to optimize the waveforms and receiving filters such that the detection performance can be maximized. The corresponding iterative algorithms are also developed for the case where only the statistics or the uncertainty set of the target impulse response is available. These algorithms guarantee that the SINR performance improves in each iteration step. Numerical results show that the proposed methods have better SINR performance than existing design methods.