cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tractability in probabilistic databases

Probabilistic databases are motivated by a large and diverse set of applications that need to query and process uncertain data. Uncertain and probabilistic data arises in RFID systems [22], information extraction [12], data cleaning [1], scientific data management [17], biomedical data integration [9], business intelligence [14], approximate schema mappings [10], data deduplication [13]. All these applications have large collections of data, where some, or most individual data items are uncertain.
Chemical composition and potential hazards of electrocautery smoke

Electrocautery is widely used for dissection of tissues and cauterization of blood vessels. A visible plume of smoke is produced, which has an unpleasant odour and can induce acute and chronic inflammatory changes in the respiratory tract'. Airborne particles arc not effectively filtered or evacuated by operating room scavenging systems and facial masks only offer protection from large particles. Little is known about the chemical composition of this smoke and the health risks to the operating room staff have not been identified. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of electrocautery smoke produced in the course of standard colorectal surgery.
Market impacts of Japanese rice policies with and without supply control

An imperfect competition model for the Japanese rice market is developed to examine the impact of the current supply control policy used in Japan. The model simulates farm revenues with and without the current Acreage Reduction Program (ARP). The results indicate that the current ARP enhances farmers' revenue by 600 to 1,000 billion yen compared with the no supply control policy. Consequently, contrary to popular negative opinion regarding the ARP, rice farmers are benefiting from the current ARP. The market impacts of a loan rate system without the ARP are also investigated. The results indicate that if farmers' marketing organizations have some market power to restrict sales through diverting sales to the government, then a loan rate system would result in a relatively high price for farmers accompanied by modest government costs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Possible influence of a low-lying "covalent" excited state on the absorption spectrum and photoisomerization of 11-cis retinal

The anomalous temperature dependence of the absorption spectrum and photochemical isomerization efficiency of 11-cis retinal is analyzed in terms of an equilibrium mixture of distorted 12-s-cis and distorted 12-s-trans conformers with the latter increasingly populated at lower temperature and/or greater solvent polarity. Inclusion of all possible singly and doubly excited configurations in the PFP formalism predicts a conformationally variant level ordering in that all 12-s-cis conformations have a lowest excited “1Bu”-like singlet state whereas the majority of the 12-s-trans conformations have a lowest excited “1Ag”-like singlet state.
Association between new electrocardiographic abnormalities after coronary revascularization and five-year cardiac mortality in BARI randomized and registry patients ☆

There are few data comparing the relative frequency of new electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) compared with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and their association with long-term cardiac mortality. The study population consisted of 3,373 patients who were either randomized or eligible to be randomized to CABG or PTCA in the BARI trial. The frequency of new postprocedural ECG abnormalities was significantly greater after a CABG procedure than after PTCA. The incidence of new postprocedural major Q waves, ST-segment elevation, and T-wave abnormalities were significantly more frequent after CABG. After PTCA (n = 1,869), the 5-year cardiac mortality rates associated with the new development of major Q waves, ST-segment elevation, ST-segment depression, T-wave abnormalities, or no abnormality was 18.1%, 8.5%, 8.9%, 6.0%, and 5.4%, respectively. After CABG (n = 1,427), 5-year cardiac mortality rates were 8.0%, 4.2%, 3.8%, 2.8%, and 3.7%, respectively. The adjusted relative risk of 5-year cardiac mortality for new Q-wave abnormalities was 2.6 after CABG (p <0.04) and 4.6 after PTCA (p <0.01). Thus, patients who undergo CABG have more postinitial procedural ECG abnormalities than patients who undergo PTCA. Cardiac mortality is significantly increased by the new development of postprocedural Minnesota code Q-wave abnormalities regardless of whether patients undergo CABG or PTCA.
An automated approach to quantitative air trapping measurements in mild cystic fibrosis.

Purpose: To automatically derive the degree of air trapping in mild cystic fibrosis (CF) disease from high-resolution CT (HRCT) data, and to evaluate the discriminating power of the measurement. Materials and methods: The data consist of six pairs of anatomically matched tomographic slices, obtained during breath-holding in triggered HRCT acquisitions. The pairs consist of an inspiratory slice, at ≥ 95% of slow vital capacity, and an expiratory slice at near residual volume (nRV). The subjects are 25 patients with mild CF and 10 age-matched, normal control subjects. Subjects: Lung segmentation is automatic. The limits defining air trapping in the expiratory slices are determined by the distribution of densities in the expanded lung. They are modulated by density changes between expiration and inspiration. Air trapping defects consist of contiguous low-density voxels. The difference between patients and control subjects was evaluated in comparison to pulmonary function test (PFT) results and lung density distribution descriptors (global density descriptors). Results: In mild CF, air trapping does not correlate with global PFT results, except for the ratio of residual volume (RV) to total lung capacity (TLC); however, the size of air trapping defects was the best discriminator between patients and control subjects (p Conclusion: Air trapping defined as defect size and measured in an objective automated manner is a powerful discriminator for mild CF.
The use of apexcardiography in the assessment of left ventricular diastolic pressure.

A total of 58 observations of simultaneous left ventricular pressure and apex-cardiograms (ACG) was made on 18 patients. An a wave percentage amplitude (aWPA) of greater than 15% of the total deflection of the ACG indicated an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). In 12 observations on six patients, an aWPA of less than 15% was associated with a high LVEDP. Patients with high LVEDP and aWPA of less than 15% had a high early left ventricular diastolic pressure with further rise in pressure prior to atrial contraction. These patients had small LV a waves ("atrial kick"). The aWPA of the ACG correlated better with the magnitude of the LV a wave than the absolute level of LVEDP in all patients. Correlation was good between changes in aWPA and changes in LVEDP in individual patients; but the ACG as an indirect means of evaluating left ventricular function is limited by the fact that elevations in LVEDP can exist in the presence of a normal aWPA. The ACG is a complex tracing reflecting no...
Street Blocks with more Nonresidential Land Use have more Physical Deterioration: Evidence from Baltimore and Philadelphia

Divergent theories offer two possible connections between nonresidential land use and physical deterioration among urban residential street blocks. Jane Jacobs's model of street blocks indicates th...
Political Parties in Indonesia

Writing about political parties in Indonesia makes one suddenly aware of how little research has been done on the subject. With the decline of the parliamentary system since 1957, interest has shifted away from the party order towards the forces of Guided Democracy: President Soekarno, the army, and the Communists. Among the parties, only the Communists have received a great deal of specific attention.
Investigating response styles in self-report personality data via a joint structural equation mixture modeling of item responses and response times

Abstract Distinct, independent lines of experimental and model-based measurement research have converged on the presence of multiple, aberrant response styles potentially detrimental to the validity of self-report personality test scores. However, these two lines of research have been confounded with the nature in which the theoretical latent personality trait is measured – particularly, the item score and response time (RT)–which reflect structure and process, respectively, of the trait score. The purpose of the current study was to conjointly model item scores and RTs and extend this flexible, exploratory method beyond the domain of cognitive ability constructs to the detection and distinction between distinct latent (i.e., unobserved; unknown a priori) response styles in self-report personality data. Results supported multiple forms of distortion simultaneously present for two constructs, Dutifulness and Extraversion. Unintentional and intentional distortion dominated latent structures in former, whereas response sets dominated in the latter.
Hybrid near-field acoustic holography

Hybrid near-field acoustical holography (NAH) is developed for reconstructing acoustic radiation from an arbitrary object in a cost-effective manner. This hybrid NAH is derived from a modified Helmholtz equation least squares (HELS) formula that expands the acoustic pressure in terms of outgoing and incoming waves. The expansion coefficients are determined by solving an overdetermined linear system of equations obtained by matching the assumed-form solution to measured acoustic pressures through the least squares. Measurements are taken over a conformal surface around a source at close range so that the evanescent waves can be captured. Next, the modified HELS is utilized to regenerate as much acoustic pressures on the conformal surface as necessary and take them as input to the Helmholtz integral formulation implemented numerically by boundary element method (BEM). The acoustic pressures and normal velocities on the source surface are reconstructed by using a modified Tikhnov regularization (TR) with its regularization parameter determined by generalized cross validation (GCV) method. Results demonstrate that this hybrid NAH combines the advantages of HELS and inverse BEM. This is because a majority of the input data are regenerated but not measured, thus the efficiency of reconstruction is greatly enhanced. Meanwhile, the accuracy of reconstruction is ensured by the Helmholtz integral theory and modified TR together with GCV method, provided that HELS converges fast enough on the measurement surface. Numerical examples of reconstructing acoustic quantities on the surface of a simplified engine block are demonstrated. [Work supported by NSF.]
The Algebra of Multiple Harmonic Series

Abstract Recently there has been much interest in multiple harmonic series ζ(i 1 , i 2 ,…,i k ) = ∑ n 1 > n 2 > ··· > n k ≥ 1 1 n 1 i 1 n 2 i 2 ···n k i k (which converge when the exponentsijare positive integers andi1 > 1), also known as multiple zeta values or Euler/Zagier sums. Starting with the noncommutative polynomial algebraQ〈x, y〉, we define a second multiplication which is commutative and associative, and call the resulting structure the harmonic algebra h . As a graded commutative algebra, h turns out to be a free polynomial algebra with the number of generators in degreengiven by the Witt formula for the numberN(n) of basis elements of degreenin the free Lie algebra on two generators. Multiple harmonic series can be thought of as images under a map ζ : h 0 → Rwhich is a homomorphism with respect to the commutative multiplication, where h 0is an appropriate subalgebra of h . If we calli1 + ··· + ikthe weight of the series ζ(i1,…,ik), then (forn > 1) there are at mostN(n) series of weightnthat are irreducible in the sense that they are not sums of rational multiples of products of multiple harmonic series of lower weight. In fact, our approach gives an explicit set of “algebraically” irreducible multiple harmonic series. We also show that there is a subalgebra h 0 ⊂ h 1 ⊂ h related to the shuffle algebra which contains the algebra S of symmetric functions: in fact, ζ maps the elements of S ∩ h 0to algebraic combinations of zeta values ζ(i), for integeri ≥ 2. The map ζ is not injective; we show how several results about multiple harmonic series can be recast as statements about the kernel of ζ, and propose some conjectures on the structure of the algebra h 0/ker ζ.
Neuroleptic-induced "painful legs and moving toes" syndrome: successful treatment with clonazepam and baclofen.

The syndrome of “painful legs and moving toes” is characterised by spontaneous causalgic pain in the lower extremities associated with peculiar involuntary movements of the toes and feet. It has been observed after a variety of lesions affecting the posterior nerve roots, the spinal ganglia and the peripheral nerves. The pathophysiology of the syndrome is unknown. I report a patient who developed the syndrome during treatment for schizophrenia with the antipsychotic agent molindone hydrochloride. The patient’s response to the combination of clonazepam and baclofen suggests that the pathophysiology of the “painful legs and moving toes” may be linked to impairment of spinal serotonergic and GABA functions.
The Effects of Local Structure on Seafloor Ambient Noise at the Hawaii-2 Observatory

Analysis of long time series, broadband (0.001-60 Hz) seismometer and hydrophone data from the Hawaii-2 Observatory reveals many time-independent characteristics in power spectral density and coherence that persist regardless of the type or location of the noise sources. These characteristics can be attributed to the water depth, sediment thickness, igneous crustal structure, and other geological features local to the observatory. It is important to recognize these characteristics as due to local structure so that they do not confuse the interpretation of noise generated by storms and earthquakes in terms of other physical processes such as infra-gravity wave excitation and propagation, wave-wave interaction, breaking waves, Rayleigh/Stoneley/Scholte wave effects, and propagation and leakage from the ocean wave guide. Some examples of local, physical mechanisms include: 1) shear wave resonances (modes) in sediments [24], 2) water multiples (organ pipe modes) in the ocean [31], and 3) secondary scattering of Scholte waves from local seafloor heterogeneities [23].
Triazine Dendrimers for Drug Delivery: Evaluation of Solubilization Properties, Activity in Cell Culture, and In Vivo Toxicity of a Candidate Vehicle

Three criteria are evaluated to assess the potential of a dendrimer based on triazines, 1, for use as a vehicle for drug delivery. These criteria are: (1) its ability to solubilize small hydrophobic guests as measured spectrophotometrically; (2) its ability to deliver a drug in vitro as evaluated using a gene reporter assay; and (3) its in vivo toxicity in mice as determined by autopsy and screens of liver and kidney function. Vehicle 1 solubilizes pyrene to a similar extent to dendrimers based on poly(arylether)s, 4, encapsulating approximately 0.2 molecules of pyrene per dendrimer. This activity is approximately 10-fold greater than that of the more polar poly(propyleneimine) and poly(amidoamine) dendrimers, 2 and 3. Gas-phase computational models reveal that both 1 and 4 have cores that are accessible to solvent, suggesting that these dendrimers can occupy much greater volumes than 2 and 3 whose cores are confined toward the interior of the structure. Electrostatic potential maps can be used to rationa...
The heat is on: Molecular mechanisms of drug-induced hyperthermia

Thermoregulation is an essential homeostatic process in which critical mechanisms of heat production and dissipation are controlled centrally in large part by the hypothalamus and peripherally by activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Drugs that disrupt the components of this highly orchestrated multi-organ process can lead to life-threatening hyperthermia. In most cases, hyperthermic agents raise body temperature by increasing the central and peripheral release of thermoregulatory neurotransmitters that ultimately lead to heat production in thermogenic effector organs skeletal muscle (SKM) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). In many cases hyperthermic drugs also decrease heat dissipation through peripheral changes in blood flow. Drug-induced heat production is driven by the stimulation of mechanisms that normally regulate the adaptive thermogenic responses including both shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) mechanisms. Modulation of the mitochondrial electrochemical proton/pH gradient by un...
Retorical implications of the “aggression” thesis in the Johnson administration's Vietnam argumentation

The “aggression from the North” argument was the Johnson Administration's primary justification for the historic February 1965 escalation of the Vietnam war. Anti‐war critics charge that the “aggression” thesis was a manifestation of 1984 “doublethink.” This article examines the “aggression” thesis argument from both historical and rhetorical perspectives and concludes that “doublethink” may be more pervasive than many anti‐Johnson critics suspect.
Chemical protection of the alimentary tract of whole-body x-irradiated mice. 1. Changes in weight, histology, and cell division in relation to nucleic acid and protein synthesis.

SummaryChemical protection, by AET, of the alimentary tracts of mice against radiation doses of 900, 1500 and 2000 r was studied. Although the small intestine was studied most intensively, data were also collected on the oesophagus, stomach, caecum and colon. For all measurements AET-treated mice were compared with non-treated mice and normal controls. The weights of organs and their contents were measured separately. Histological evaluation was made throughout the radiation injury and recovery period. Mitotic counts were obtained on the histologic sections of the alimentary tracts. Chemical analyses, including DNA-, RNA- and protein-synthesis, were performed on the small intestine at the 1500-r exposure level only. All measurements demonstrated a marked protective action of AET on the alimentary tract at these radiation exposure doses.
Works on an information geometrodynamical approach to chaos

Abstract In this paper, I propose a theoretical information-geometric framework suitable to characterize chaotic dynamical behavior of arbitrary complex systems on curved statistical manifolds. Specifically, I present an information-geometric analogue of the Zurek–Paz quantum chaos criterion of linear entropy growth and an information-geometric characterization of regular and chaotic quantum energy level statistics.
Perinatal modification of a sexually dimorphic motor nucleus in the spinal cord of the B6D2F1 house mouse

The sexually dimorphic dorsomedial nucleus (DM) of the spinal cord of mice is affected by gonadal steroids in adulthood and these effects are dependent upon genotype. Following castration of adult mice there is a decrease in DM cell size in DBA/2J and hybrid B6D2F1 strains and a decrease in the number of cells staining with thionin in C57B1/6J and B6D2F1 strains. The effects of androgens on development of the DM nucleus were examined in B6D2F1 mice, which exhibit both characteristics in adulthood. Testosterone propionate (TP) administered to females pre- or postnatally resulted in a significantly larger number of motoneurons in the region of the DM when compared to administration of the vehicle alone, while soma area remained unchanged. Adult males castrated on the day of birth had significantly fewer cells in the DM than did intact males. Differences in cell size between shams and castrates were dependent upon age.
Toward Assembly of Non-close-packed Colloidal Structures from Anisotropic Pentamer Particles.

Particles combining multiple anisotropy dimensions offer possibilities for self-assembly that have not been extensively explored to date. The scope for assembly of microparticles in which the anisotropy dimensions of internal bond angle and chemical ordering have been varied is investigated. Colloidal assemblies with interesting open (i.e., non-close-packed) structures can be assembled from these building blocks. The structure of the assemblies formed is linked to thebuilding blockanisotropybecausethesteric constraintsintroducedinduce deviations from close packing. Key challenges addressed in pursuit of these structures are parallelization of microfluidic synthesis methods, simulation to efficiently search the available anisotropy space, and methods that characterize the properties of the resulting assemblies. This combined program of synthesis, simulation, assembly, and characterization may be applied to develop design rules that guide efforts to fabricate microparticle building blocks and their assemblies.
The Biological Availability of Riboflavin Solubilized with Sodium 3-Hydroxy-2-Naphthoate

Abstract THE limited solubility of riboflavin in water, 12 mg. per 100 ml., has stimulated investigations towards producing biologically active derivatives which would have greater water solubility. These are desired for high potency pharmaceutical vitamin preparations and for use in feeds because the spraying of the vitamin in water solutions on feeds is a preferred method for assuring uniform distribution. As another approach to the problem of obtaining large amounts of the vitamin in solution, several investigators have suggested the use of agents which act by solubilizing the vitamin. Furter, Haas and Rubin (1945) have reviewed the difficulties attending the preparation of soluble riboflavin derivatives, the primary one being the readiness with which the biological activity falls off as soon as promising solubility properties are acquired. Greater success has been achieved through the use of compounds which simply solubilize the vitamin. Among the most useful of these appear to be salts . . .
The transfer of one-way and handled-shuttle pretraining to standard-shuttle avoidance learning☆

Abstract In Experiment I, three groups of 15 rats received pretraining on a one-way or handled-shuttle task, or both, before training under standard (unhandled) shuttle conditions. The extent to which each pretraining experience transferred to the more complex task was evaluated. The major findings were these: performance on the handled-shuttle task was intermediate to that found with the one-way or standard-shuttle tasks; one-way transferred moderately well to the handled-shuttle task; on the other hand, standard-shuttle was easily mastered after pretraining with the handled-shuttle task. Furthermore, transfer tended to be all-or-none for S s pretrained on one-way. That is, a few pretrained S s performed without error when shifted to the shuttle tasks, whereas the performance of S s who made one or more nonavoidances following transfer was not facilitated by pretraining. Experiment II, which investigated the effect of the particular temporal locus of handling, found a tendency for faster conditioning to occur when handling was given immediately, rather than at delayed or random intervals, following a response. These results were consistent with the hypothesis that handling functions as a non-directional, informational cue (NDIC) in the shuttle task.
On the relevance of t-ratios in empirical modelling: two special cases

It is a common practice to rescale data to assist model estimation. Rescaling in general does not affect the model fit or the statistical inference from the estimation results. This article however, describes two cases where care is called upon when interpreting the t-ratio associated with the constant terms. One case is a linear model with a continuous dependent variable and the other case is a nonlinear model with a discrete dependent variable. It is proved in this article that in these two cases, one can arbitrarily manipulate the t-ratio associated with the constant term by rescaling the data. Implications from these results on empirical modelling are also given.
Inclusion and overlayer effects on the electric fields in dielectric films

The surface and bulk microstructures inherent to the fabrication process of dielectric films, affects both the distribution of the local electric field intensities and its associated dielectric properties. In this paper, we have used a finite element electric field model to examine the effects of a low dielectric surface layer, alignment of a low dielectric component within the dielectric film, and the interaction of these two influences on the local electric fields and dielectric constants. Columnar microstructure and alignment of dielectric components perpendicular to the surface norm are shown to enhance electric intensities and dielectric constants. Predicted dielectric constants are compared against conventional effective medium approximation results.
Nordstrandite from Guam

NORDSTRANDITE (Al2O3·3H2O), previously reported only as a synthetic product1,2, occurs in Miocene limestone on Guam. In south Guam this limestone forms a cap several hundred feet thick, on the Mount Alifan–Mount Lamlan ridge, and overlies late Eocene and early Miocene basalt flows and volcanic conglomerates. The volcanic rocks below the limestone are deeply weathered. The nordstrandite occurs in secondary solution cavities and is concentrated mainly in the basal part of the limestone near its contact with the weathered basalt. In thin section the nordstrandite crystals are seen as flamboyant aggregates reaching lengths of as much as 0.4 mm. The optical properties of the mineral are as follows: The hardness is about 3 and the specific gravity was determined by Edward J. Young to be 2.436.
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome after Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection

An 11-year-old boy presented to the Emergency Department complaining of a rash over his extremities and cold sores on the lips and inside the mouth. His mother stated that about 10 days prior, the patient developed a cough and mild nasal congestion. He was given a “cough medicine” from Mexico with no improvement of symptoms. He subsequently developed a fever as high as 38.4°C (101°F), which resolved after a couple of days and did not return. The patient went on to develop swollen eyelids, eye discharge, and swollen and hemorrhagic lips that crusted with black eschars (Figure 1). The patient’s buccal mucosa and gingivae were swollen and erythematous, and later became covered with whitish plaques. He had no history of cold sores or herpetic-type lesions. After the development of eye and oral symptoms, a rash erupted on the palms, soles of the feet, back, and scattered throughout the extremities (Figures 2, 3, 4). His mother described the skin lesions as appearing as pink, fluid-filled blisters initially, then progressively became darker and flatter. The patient reported that the oral lesions and skin rash were painful, and he could not tolerate oral intake. During this period, the patient was seen by multiple physicians and given prescriptions for nystatin, acyclovir, ampicillin, gentamicin eye drops, and naprosyn. He also received an intramuscular antibiotic shot of unknown type. However, both the patient and
Conditional outcomes in mutualistic interactions

Abstract Interspecific interactions are traditionally displayed in a grid in which each interaction is placed according to its outcome (positive, negative or neutral) for each partner. However, recent field studies consistently find the costs and benefits that determine net effects to vary greatly in both space and time, inevitably causing outcomes within most interactions to vary as well. Interactions show ‘conditionality' when costs and benefits, and thus outcomes, are affected in predictable ways by current ecological conditions. The full range of natural outcomes of a given association may reveal far more about its ecological and evolutionary dynamics than does the average outcome at a given place and time.
Bioinformatic analysis of allergens

The number of resources containing data on the sequence, structure, and evolution of allergenic proteins has increased significantly in the last several years. At the same time, informatics resources related to the functioning of the immune system continue to mature rapidly. This proliferation creates a need for effective means to locate, extract, and integrate data from multiple sources to advance our understanding of allergens and allergy. Effective data integration rests on the development and application of both a system of data descriptors (metadata) and methods for data exchange between information repositories and analytic resources. A well designed metadata system for allergens should include descriptors for primary data, annotations, and data manipulation tools. An effective system would also allow integration with electronic clinical, nutrition, labeling, and health resources. The process of developing such a system for allergens creates an opportunity to identify and formalize important concepts that are widely used but often poorly defined. For example, formal terminology could be developed such that allergen databases could include descriptors for the evidence used to identify epitope sequences or cleavage sites. An XML schema called AllerML has been described that demonstrates the implementation of a terminology system for allergen data. One of the benefits inherent in using a system of shared data descriptors is that database developers can use it as the basis for implementing “application program interfaces” (APIs) that permit analysis software to directly access data within a database. The essential next steps in the creation of an integrated bioinformatics system for allergens based on currently existing opportunities and resources will be described.
Studies of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in patients with hypertension and in normal subjects

Abstract A study was made of the effects of a high sodium (200 mEq.) and a low sodium (10 mEq.) diet and of posture on absolute changes and interrelationships between body weight, plasma volume, plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone excretion, sodium excretion and plasma electrolytes in forty-one patients with various types of hypertension and in nine normal subjects. Significant correlations were found in the normal and hypertensive subjects (except the one patient with primary aldosteronism) between successive parameters in the sequence Δbody weight → Δplasma volume→ Δ PRA → Δaldosterone excretion → Δsodium excretion. Thus, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system appears to operate in hypertensive subjects as in normal man with the following exceptions: 1.(1) Nineteen patients with essential hypertension showed a significantly subnormal rise in aldosterone excretion in response to the normal rise in plasma renin activity observed on the low sodium diet; nevertheless urine sodium was reduced normally by the low salt diet presumably partly by a nonaldosterone mechanism. 2.(2) Of ten patients with macroscopic or microscopic evidence of renal arterial occlusion(s), nine showed the expected increase in plasma renin activity on the low sodium diet after standing (but only inconsistently in other conditions); and there was significant expansion of the plasma volume on the high sodium diet, excessive aldosterone excretion on both diets, and resistance to the pressor effects of infused angiotensin. The tenth patient had normal plasma renin activity, normal resistance to infused angiotensin and no improvement after successful correction of his undoubted but probably only incidental renal arterial stenosis. 3.(3) Four patients with renal insufficiency had relatively fixed body weights, fixed elevations of plasma volume, normal levels of plasma renin activity, normal aldosterone excretion and normal sensitivity to infused angiotensin. 4.(4) Five patients could not be classified. Aldosterone excretion was excessive in three patients, associated with appropriate levels of plasma renin activity in two and with probably elevated plasma renin activity in one who, at autopsy, had normal or perhaps excessive granulation of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. Two of the unclassified patients, both Negroes, showed abnormally low levels of plasma renin activity, low aldosterone excretion and relatively fixed levels of plasma volume, raising the theoretic possibility of the presence of a deoxycorticosteronesecreting adrenocortical tumor. This possibility was supported by the finding of excessive urinary excretion of deoxycorticosterone in one of the patients.
Linear Dynamics of Flexible Risers

The objective of this paper is to present solutions for the linear dynamics of flexible risers using a novel combination of efficient embedding and asymptotic techniques. Numerical examples for a buoyant flexible riser are included and the effects of the principal parameters are discussed. Finally, a numerical scheme employing the linear solutions to develop a solution of the nonlinear problem is outlined.
Assembly of an SAP97-AKAP79-cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Scaffold at the Type 1 PSD-95/DLG/ZO1 Motif of the Human β1-Adrenergic Receptor Generates a Receptosome Involved in Receptor Recycling and Networking

Appropriate trafficking of the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1-AR) after agonist-promoted internalization is crucial for the resensitization of its signaling pathway. Efficient recycling of the β1-AR required the binding of the protein kinase A anchoring protein-79 (AKAP79) to the carboxyl terminus of the β1-AR (Gardner, L. A., Tavalin, S. A., Goehring, A., Scott, J. D., and Bahouth, S. W. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281, 33537-33553). In this study we show that AKAP79 forms a complex with the type 1 PDZ-binding sequence (ESKV) at the extreme carboxyl terminus of the β1-AR, which is mediated by the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) protein SAP97. Thus, the PDZ and its associated SAP97-AKAP79 complex are involved in targeting the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) to the β1-AR. The PDZ and its scaffold were required for efficient recycling of the β1-AR and for PKA-mediated phosphorylation of the β1-AR at Ser312. Overexpression of the catalytic subunit of PKA or mutagenesis of Ser312 to the phosphoserine mimic aspartic acid both rescued the recycling of the trafficking-defective β1-ARΔ PDZ mutant. Thus, trafficking signals transmitted from the PDZ-associated scaffold in the carboxyl terminus of the β1-AR to Ser312 in the 3rd intracellular loop (3rd IC) were paramount in setting the trafficking itinerary of the β1-AR. The data presented here show that a novel β1-adrenergic receptosome is organized at the β1-AR PDZ to generate a scaffold essential for trafficking and networking of the β1-AR.
Clearance of apoptotic cells: implications in health and disease

Recent advances in defining the molecular signaling pathways that regulate the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells have improved our understanding of this complex and evolutionarily conserved process. Studies in mice and humans suggest that the prompt removal of dying cells is crucial for immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis. Failed or defective clearance has emerged as an important contributing factor to a range of disease processes. This review addresses how specific molecular alterations of engulfment pathways are linked to pathogenic states. A better understanding of the apoptotic cell clearance process in healthy and diseased states could offer new therapeutic strategies.
EDUCATION AND THE EVOLUTION OF SOCIETY

Living on the threshold of a new age, we squabble among ourselves to acquire or retain the privileges of bygone times. We cast about for innovating ways to satisfy obsolete values. We manage individual crises while heading toward collective catastrophes. We contemplate changing almost anything on this earth but ourselves. (Laszlo, 1978, p. 3) If a society is to continue to evolve, its evolution has to be manifested in a total transformative change. Its existing state has to be transcendent. A new creative surge has to generate a new image of the future. (Banathy, 2000, p. 149, italics in original)
Development of an Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Reduced-Activation Steel for Fusion Energy

A reduced-activation steel having a nominal chemical composition of Fe, 9% Cr, 2% W, 0.25% V, 0.1% Ta, and 0.1% C was mechanically alloyed with a fine dispersion of Y2O3 and TiO2 to assess the potential for extending the elevated temperature limit of this alloy for structural applications. The total oxide dispersion content was varied from 0.25% to 1% and the molar ratio, TiO2/Y2O3 from 0 to 2. An argon atomized 9Cr2WVTa steel powder was ball milled under vacuum, extruded at 1150°C to a 16 to 1 reduction in area, followed by a normalize and age heat treatment. Mechanical properties were assessed by elevated temperature tensile tests over the temperature range from room temperature to 800°C. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a favorable dispersion of the oxide particles. Oxide dispersion strengthening by mechanical alloying resulted in significant improvement in elevated temperature tensile strengths. Extended ball-milling times improved oxide dispersion, microstructural refinement, and mechanical properties.
Malignant Vasovagal Syncope

A 62-year-old man without significant medical history presented to his doctor with repeated episodes of syncope. The episodes were always associated with micturition (often at night) and had caused falls resulting in head injury. His wife was particularly concerned, noting that he became apneic while sleeping. He was diagnosed with sleep apnea. A 24-hour Holter monitor was obtained …
Cyclic blockade of initiation sites by streptomycin-damaged ribosomes in Escherichia coli: an explanation for dominance of sensitivity.

In bacterial extracts streptomycin is known not only to inhibit ribosomal activity but also to cause gradual release of ribosomes from polysomes. Nevertheless, we now find that after streptomycin has virtually halted protein synthesis in cells of Escherichia coli K12 a substantial (though reduced) level of polysomes persists. These polysomes are evidently maintained by turnover rather than by static blockade, for in streptomycin-treated cells [3H]uracil pulses are rapidly incorporated in the polysomal messenger RNA; moreover, if the synthesis of RNA or the formylation of methionyl-transfer RNA is blocked the polysome level decreases rapidly. Streptomycin thus appears to cause a cycle of ribosomal initiation, blockage of chain extension, gradual release, and reinitiation. The resulting cyclic blockade of initiation sites can account for the dominance of streptomycin sensitivity over resistance in strsstrr† heterozygotes. In confirmation of this model, the inactive resistant ribosomes in treated heterozygotes were found to resume activity if the cells were lysed and excess messenger was provided. These findings further suggest that in sensitive cells damage to only a fraction of the ribosomal population by streptomycin may be sufficient to block protein synthesis.
Exploring the Drugs-Homicide Connection

The relationship between drugs and homicide has been well documented for some period of time. Drugs can play many different roles in homicide events. Drug homicides are disaggregated into peripheral drug homicides and drug-motivated homicides. In the former, drugs were present at the scene or drugs were being used by the victim or offender but were not the central causal feature of the event. In the latter, the sale or use of drugs was the primary cause of the lethal interaction. Using multinomial logistic analysis, we analyze the extent to which individual, situational, and contextual factors discriminate between different drug-homicideevents. We found variables indicative of risky lifestyles were significant predictors of the different types of drug homicides. More important, findings suggest the variables considered in the multivariate model had different effects on different measures of the dependent variable. Policy implications are discussed.
The Efficacy of Computer Mediated Communication Technologies to Augment and Support Effective Online Helping Profession Education

With the increased adoption of online education, it has become vital for helping profession educators to consider the use of online education. It is also vital for them to consider technologies that can support effective online education for the profession. This study considers the use of both synchronous and asynchronous technologies in helping profession courses. Results of the causal comparative design suggested that online students who used a combination of technologies had statistically significantly higher levels of social presence than the students who used only asynchronous technologies. No difference in cognitive presence, teacher presence, and perceived learning was found between the two groups.
Future of Subspecialty Training in Vascular Neurology

In 2003, the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN) received approval from the American Board of Medical Specialties (ABMS) to recognize the expertise of those board-certified neurologists who were providing specialized care of patients with a broad spectrum of cerebrovascular diseases (vascular neurology.) This designation reflected the growth in knowledge about stroke as reflected by dedicated meetings and focused journals. The expansion in knowledge in vascular diseases of the brain and spinal cord, which was the result of advances in experimental, epidemiological, and clinical research, also served as an impetus. In 2005, the ABPN started the process of awarding 10-year time-limited certificates in vascular neurology. Now, ≈10 years later, it is reasonable to review the progress in the field of vascular neurology and to look at the future of the subspecialty. Because of their demonstrated special expertise and experience in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with a broad spectrum of vascular diseases of the central nervous system, vascular neurologists are and will continue to be at the forefront of stroke management. Patients, third-party payers, and colleagues will continue to seek the advice and care of vascular neurologists. With the advent of specialized training and resultant certification, many general neurologists now refer their problematic cases to vascular neurologists. This trend likely will continue and probably will accelerate. In addition, vascular neurologists are well-suited for leadership positions within hospital quality improvement programs and clinical initiatives. As of January 2013, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services began mandatory hospital reporting of 7 stroke quality metrics known as core measures. Performance on these measures may become incorporated in determining reimbursement incentives and penalties in the future. The Joint Commission also is certifying primary and comprehensive stroke centers based on the recommendations of the Brain Attack Coalition. Certification standards include a well-defined …
Extension of atomic configuration sets of the Non-LTE model in the application to the Kα diagnostics of hot dense matter

Abstract High intensity short-pulse laser experiments are used for various applications from fast ignitor concept to proton beam generation. These systems produce substantial fluxes of energetic electrons, and the production of Kα spectrum by these energetic electrons has become a key diagnostics of interaction of short-pulse laser and solid-density matter. In general, spectral modeling is required to derive the thermal electron temperature from measured Kα spectrum and it is essential to use a Non-LTE (local thermodynamic equilibrium) model for this purpose. In this paper, we investigate the assumptions necessary for the application of the Non-LTE models and show that an extensive set of configurations is required to provide a valid Kα diagnosis of hot dense matter.
3′-Terminal addition to HeLa cell nuclear and cytoplasmic poly(A)

Abstract Examination of poly(A) labeling in the nucleus and cytoplasm of HeLa cells indicates: (1) in accord with previous conclusions (Jelinek et al. , 1973) that the nucleus is the site of de novo synthesis of poly(A), (2) both a nuclear and cytoplasmic 3′-terminal addition to poly(A) is described confirming and extending reports by Brawerman (1976) and colleagues, and (3) apparently only molecules bearing poly(A) ~230 nucleotides or longer exit to the cytoplasm.
TRAJECTORY MAPPING OF QUASI-PERIODIC STRUCTURES IN A VORTEX FLOW

Steady vortex flows over swept wings develop quasi-periodic velocity fluctuations. The nature of such fluctuations is explored. A 59.3-deg. delta wing is set at 25 deg. incidence in a low-speed wind tunnel. Cross-spectral analysis of velocity fluctuations sensed by two hot-wire sensors is used to track these phenomena to the region of their origin. The evolution and growth of the fluctuations are studied. The power spectral density of the fluctuations is mapped in several regions of interest. Results show the existence of narrow, dominant frequency bands in which the majority of the fluctuation energy is contained. This frequency band narrows and the peak frequency decreases while the peak magnitude increases as the sensors are moved downstream from the apex. The coherence between the signals from the two sensors and the spectral density at the peak frequency are used to determine the trajectory of the flow structures responsible for the fluctuations. Investigations along the leading-edge of the model show that the quasi-periodicity first originates in the first 20 to 30% of the chord. The structures then apear to follow a helical trajectory around the core of the vortex system. Convection speeds of the sturctures responsible for the quasi-periodicity, determined from cross-correlation shifts, are on the order of 50 % of the free stream speed.
Design and analysis of high-performance air-cooled heat exchanger with an integrated capillary-pumped loop heat pipe

We report the design and analysis of a high-power air-cooled heat exchanger capable of dissipating over 1000 W with 33 W of input electrical power and an overall thermal resistance of less than 0.05 K/W. The novelty of the design combines the blower and heat sink into an integrated compact unit (4″ × 4″ × 4″) to maximize the heat transfer area and reduce the required airflow rates and power. The device consists of multiple impeller blades interdigitated with parallel-plate condensers of a capillary-pumped loop heat pipe. The impellers are supported on a common shaft and powered with a low-profile permanent magnet synchronous motor, while a single flat-plate evaporator is connected to the heat load.
Caspase inhibition enhances ischemic tolerance of fasciocutaneous flaps.

Objectives/Hypothesis: To demonstrate the significance of apoptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury in revascularized fasciocutaneous flaps and test the hypothesis that pharmacologic inhibition of caspases prolongs the allowable primary ischemia time of these flaps. Study Design: Animal study using the epigastric flap in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods: Fifty-nine rats were treated with the caspase inhibitor (Q-VD-OPH) reconstituted in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (n = 20, 8 mg/kg:0.8 mL/kg), DMSO alone (n = 19, 0.8 mL/kg), or saline (n = 20, 0.8 mL/kg). Treatment was given as a single intraperitoneal injection 30 minutes before starting primary ischemia. Epigastric flaps were subjected to increasing ischemia times followed by reperfusion. The flaps were harvested and analyzed 7 days later, and viability was assessed. Probit statistical analysis was used to determine the critical ischemia time. This was defined as the time point when 50% of the flaps in each group were expected to survive. Results: The calculated critical ischemia times were 8.92 hours (95% confidence interval 7.19–10.47 h) for the saline group, 16.35 hours (95% confidence interval 11.82–19.89 h) for the DMSO group, and 21.73 hours (95% confidence interval 19.39–25.37 h) for the DMSO with Q-VD-OPH group. These differences were significantly different from each other. Conclusions: Pretreatment of fasciocutaneous flaps with a free radical scavenger alone or in combination with a caspase inhibitor significantly increases the flap's tolerance of primary ischemia. The added benefit of the caspase inhibitor suggests that apoptosis plays an important role in ischemia-reperfusion injury in soft tissue flaps.