cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reductions in Coronary Flow Under Resting Conditions in Collateral-Dependent Myocardium of Patients With Complete Occlusion of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery

Flow per unit weight in collateral-dependent myocardium was quantified selectively in seven patients with complete occlusion of the proximal left anterior descend ing artery and prominent distal collateralization from the right coronary artery by infusing dissolved hydrogen into the right coronary artery for 10 to 15 minutes and monitoring hydrogen desaturation in the great cardiac vein. Coronary flow per unit weight in all myocardium draining into the great cardiac vein was quantified simultaneously by having the patient breathe helium and by monitoring arterial and great cardiac vein helium desaturation. Flow per unit weight in collateral-dependent myocardium averaged 38 ± 8 (standard deviation) ml/min per 100 g and was in each case below the 95% confidence limit for normal individuals with the same rate-pressure product. Flow per unit weight in all myocardium draining into the great cardiac vein was systematically higher (51 ± 8 ml/min per 100 g); because arteries other than the anterior descending had no stenoses greater than 30% in diameter, these values presumably reflect mixtures of subnormally perfused collateralized myocardium and adjacent normally perfused tissue. The findings suggest that coronary flow per unit weight is not maintained at usual basal values in densely collaterlized myocardium that is entirely collateral-dependent. The reductions in flow are presumably associated with marked reductions in local arterial pressure and raise the possibility of a chronic reduction in local myocardial metabolic demand
Optical Command And Beamrider Missile Guidance

Optical Command and Beamrider activities at Redstone Arsenal are described. Historical results including actual flight tests, along with present effort and future plans are described. Several iterations of early development hardware are shown and discussed. Potential system applications and opportunities for integrated optics/large scale integrated circuit application are explored.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Euler's “letters to a princess of Germany” as an expression of his mature scientific outlook

In the past few decades historians and scientists have increased and broadened their study of the Swiss-born mathematician and theoretical physicist Leonhard Euler (1707-1783). The publication during this time of most of the 74 quarto volumes of his Opera Omnia and large portions of his correspondence has prompted and provided a sound base for their research, which has made increasingly clear the pivotal institutional and intellectual role which he played in the history of the exact sciences during the eighteenth century. * They have definitely established his leadership, indeed dominance, at mid-century within the St. Petersburg and Berlin Academies of the Sciences (the principal centers of scientific research then in Russia and Prussia respectively).2 They have also delved deeply into his truly remarkable intellectual achievements. Brilliant and prolific, he wrote over 866 books and articles, which alone account for approximately on third of the entire corpus of research on mathematics, theoretical physics, and engineering mechanics published from 1726 to 1800. 3 In his most significant work he extensively developed the calculus; laid the founda-
Interferometric Astrometry with Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor 3: The Parallax of the Cataclysmic Variable TV Columbae

TV Col is a 13th magnitude intermediate polar cataclysmic variable with multiple periods found in the light curves. Past estimates predicted a distance of 400 pc to greater than 500 pc. Recently completed Hubble Space Telescope fine guidance sensor interferometric observations allow us to determine the first trigonometric parallax to TV Col. This determination puts the distance of TV Col at 368 pc. CD-32 2376, a 10th magnitude Tycho Catalog star, is a reference star in the TV Col frame. We find a distance of 127.7 ± 1 pc.
Life Events as Correlates of Burden in Spouse Caregivers of Persons with Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract The first goal of this study was to examine the occurrence and appraised distress of 20 stressful life events in 175 spouse caregivers (mean age = 68.6) of persons with Alzheimer's disease and 92 age- and gender-matched controls (mean age = 68.5). The second goal was to determine whether, in the caregivers, life stressors were related to burden after controlling for caregiver age, gender, satisfaction with social supports, and care-recipient cognitive and activities of daily living functioning. Caregivers and controls had similar occurrences and appraisals for all but 3 events, which occurred more frequently in caregivers (i.e., “changes in your spouse's health,“ ”changes in your relationship with your spouse,” and “changes in the way you friends and family treat you (social relations)”). Only “changes in finances” was appraised as more distressing by caregivers. Six events explained burden in the regressions: “victim of crime,” “age discrimination,” “serious family arguments (not including spous...
Genetic relations among basic lavas and ultramafic nodules: Evidence from oxygen isotope compositions

δ18O values of unaltered basic lavas range from 4.9 to 8.3 but different types of basalts are usually restricted to narrow and distinct ranges of isotopic composition. The average δ18O values for Hawaiian tholeiites, mid-ocean ridge tholeiites, and alkali basalts are 5.4, 5.7, and 6.2 permil, respectively. Potassic lavas and andesites tend to be more 18O rich with δ18O values between 6.0 and 8.0 permil. The differences among the oxygen isotopic compositions of most of these lavas can be attributed to partial melting of isotopically distinct sources. The oxygen isotope compositions of the sources may be a function of prior melting events which produce 18O-depleted partial melts and 18O-enriched residues as a consequence of relatively large isotopic fractionations that exist at high temperatures. It is proposed that lavas with relatively low δ18O values are derived from primitive, 18O-depleted sources whereas 18O-rich basalts are produced from refractory sources that have already produced partial melts. High temperature fractionations among silicate liquids and coexisting minerals can be used in conjunction with the oxygen isotope compositions of ultramafic nodules to place constraints on the genetic relations between some nodules and different types of basic lavas.
Measurement of absolute partial reaction cross sections for the hydrogen exchange reaction

Abstract We report the first measurement of rotationally and vibrationally product-state-resolved absolute cross sections for H+H 2 and H+D 2 collisions. There is generally good agreement between these experimentally determined partial reaction cross sections and those that result from quasiclassical trajectory calculations.
Measuring the frequency of contact between nursing home residents and their family and friends.

Background: The involvement of family and friends in nursing home care represents an important resource for an overburdened long-term care system. However, little guidance exists for researchers interested in measuring family involvement. Objectives: This methodological report provides an overview of approaches to measuring family involvement in nursing home care and examines agreement between family and staff on the frequency of visits and telephone calls to a resi-dent by family and friends. Agreement is also assessed for subgroups of the sample based on characteristics of the family, staff, facility, and resident. Methods: From a large and representative sample of nursing home residents, 823 pairs of significant others and staff were interviewed. Primary variables were reports of visitation and telephone contact received by the resident in the preceding 2 weeks according to the significant other and staff person. Results: Significant other reports of visitation and telephone contact were significantly higher than staff reports (p <.001 and p <.01). Agreement (via intraclass correlation) between significant others and staff was moderate for reports of visit and telephone call frequency. With one exception, no significant differences in agreement were found between subgroups defined by characteristics of the family, staff, facility, or resident. For visits, agreement between nurse's aides and significant others was lower than between other staff persons (e.g., LPNs and RNs) and significant others (p <.05). Discussion: Due to the complexity of nursing home settings as well as of the social support system of residents, researchers need to carefully consider their approach to the measurement of the involvement of family and friends in the nursing home.
Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors: pancreatic endocrine tumors.

Pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs) have long fascinated clinicians and investigators despite their relative rarity. Their clinical presentation varies depending on whether the tumor is functional or not, and also according to the specific hormonal syndrome produced. Tumors may be sporadic or inherited, but little is known about their molecular pathology, especially the sporadic forms. Chromogranin A appears to be the most useful serum marker for diagnosis, staging, and monitoring. Initially, therapy should be directed at the hormonal syndrome because this has the major initial impact on the patient's health. Most PETs are relatively indolent but ultimately malignant, except for insulinomas, which predominantly are benign. Surgery is the only modality that offers the possibility of cure, although it generally is noncurative in patients with Zollinger–Ellison syndrome or nonfunctional PETs with multiple endocrine neoplasia-type 1. Preoperative staging of disease extent is necessary to determine the likelihood of complete resection although debulking surgery often is believed to be useful in patients with unresectable tumors. Once metastatic, biotherapy is usually the first modality used because it generally is well tolerated. Systemic or regional therapies generally are reserved until symptoms occur or tumor growth is rapid. Recently, a number of newer agents, as well as receptor-directed radiotherapy, are being evaluated for patients with advanced disease. This review addresses a number of recent advances regarding the molecular pathology, diagnosis, localization, and management of PETs including discussion of peptide-receptor radionuclide therapy and other novel antitumor approaches. We conclude with a discussion of future directions and unsettled problems in the field.
New fuel rod design based on LEU/Th fuel and an assessment on in-core fuel cycle length of the MHR core

Abstract The current Modular Helium Reactor (MHR) fuel cycle uses fissile LEU (19.8 wt% U-235) and depleted uranium in separate TRISO particles, in a single fuel rod within a graphite matrix. The TRISO particle volume packing fraction (PF) in the fuel rods is 29%, of which the LEU particle PF is 62%. The lifetime between refuelings is about 476 effective full power days (EFPD). In this paper we assess the possibility of replacing the depleted uranium TRISO particles with thorium TRISO particles, and evaluate the impact of such replacement on fuel cycle length. A preliminary scoping study was performed to determine the most promising fuel rod/zoning configurations. The scoping study indicates that there is advantage to separating the thorium TRISO particles from the LEU particles at the fuel rod level instead of mixing them within a single rod. An axial checkerboard distribution of the fuel rods where all uranium and all thorium rods are interchangeable along the axial direction within the graphite block is the most promising configuration that was identified in this study and can be lead to a fuel cycle length extension of 50–80% relative to the current design, with only a modest increase in the fissile material loading (15–20%). To this advantage can be added the benefit of a significant reduction in nuclear waste and in health risk. This study also lays the foundation for improving the fuel rod arrangement within the graphite block and the graphite blocks within the entire reactor core. The analysis is limited to a once – through fuel cycle based on in situ fissioning of the U-233, without further separation and reprocessing. The preliminary heat transfer analysis indicates that the maximum temperature in the fuel will be raised by about 10–15% over that of current MHR design.
Software Aids for Radiologists: Part 2, Essential Apps for Handheld Devices

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this review is to summarize applications (apps) for hand-held computing devices that can be essential aids to radiologists. CONCLUSION. Numerous apps are relevant to radiologists. Although the author prefers Apple iPad and iPhone apps, similar Android apps fill many of the same software niches.
A divergent quasi-geostrophic model for wind-driven oceanic fluctuations in a closed basin

The oceanic current and sea-level fluctuations driven by the fluctuating component of a wind stress field are analyzed by considering a linear, deterministic, barotropic, quasi-geostrophic model on the β plane in a circular domain. Divergent and non-divergent forced solutions are obtained analytically and their structure in different frequency ranges is discussed. For parameter values roughly representative of the Mediterranean Sea, divergent oscillations with a clear boundary layer character are found in the range T < O (1 month) (i.e below the fundamental eigenperiod of the system), while Rossby wave-like behavior is observed for higher forcing periods. Moreover, the comparison between divergent and non-divergent solutions reveals the inadequacy of the rigid-lid approximation for frequencies larger than the highest eigenfrequency, even in cases in which the divergence parameter is much less than unity.
Soleus H-reflex phase-dependent modulation is preserved during stepping within a robotic exoskeleton

Abstract Objective To investigate to what extent the phase-dependent modulation of the soleus H-reflex is preserved when bilateral leg movements are electromechanically driven by a robotic exoskeleton at different levels of body weight support (BWS) in healthy subjects. Methods The soleus H-reflex was elicited by posterior tibial nerve stimulation with a 1-ms single pulse at an intensity that the M-waves ranged from 4% to 9% of the maximal M-wave across subjects. Stimuli were randomly dispersed across the step cycle which was divided into 16 equal bins. At each bin, a maximal M-wave was elicited 100 ms after the test H-reflex and was used to normalize the associated M-wave and H-reflex. Electromyographic (EMG) activity from major hip, knee, and ankle muscles was recorded with surface bipolar electrodes. For each subject and muscle, the integrated EMG profile was established and plotted as a function of the step cycle phases. The H-reflex gain was determined as the slope of the relationship between the H-reflex and soleus EMG amplitudes at 100 ms before the H-reflex for each bin. Results During robotic assisted stepping, the phase-dependent soleus H-reflex modulation pattern was preserved and was similar at 25% and 50% BWS, a linear relationship between soleus H-reflex amplitude and background activity was found, and the reflex gain did not change with alterations of the BWS level. EMG amplitudes were smaller at 50% compared to 25% BWS. Conclusions Body unloading, decreased EMG amplitude of ankle extensors, and reduced ankle movement are not key factors for the soleus H-reflex phasic excitability to be manifested. Significance Robotic devices are utilized for rehabilitation of gait in neurological disorders. Based on our findings, spinal interneuronal circuits involved in the phase-dependent modulation of the soleus H-reflex will be engaged in a physiological manner during robotic assisted stepping in neurological disorders.
Evaluation of the generalizability (reliability and validity) of analog functional assessment methodology

The reliability and validity of analog functional assessment methodology in developing hypotheses about the variables maintaining excess behavior was evaluated within the context of generalizability theory and the Behavioral Assessment Grid. Three children with developmental disabilities who exhibited excess behavior participated. Two complete analog and contingency reversal assessments were conducted to evaluate the reliability (temporal and setting generalizability) of the methodology. Treatment validity was evaluated by conducting contingency reversals in all analog conditions, during which all targeted excess behaviors were ignored and programmed consequences were delivered following the occurrence of alternative behaviors. Results suggest that the analog assessments were both a reliable and valid methodology for all three of the participants. Implications for the future application of analog assessment are discussed.
Traditionally Defined Client, Meet Feminist Therapist: Feminist Therapy as Attitude Change

This article explores feminist therapy within the framework of the social-psychological influence process, outcomes of feminist therapy, and some cautions about the influence process.
How damaged brains repeat words: A computational approach

Abstract Two routes have been proposed for auditory repetition: a lexical route which activates a lexical item and retrieves its phonology, and a nonlexical route which maps input phonology directly onto output phonology. But when is the nonlexical route recruited? In a sample of 103 aphasic patients, we use computational models to select patients who do and do not recruit the nonlexical route, and compare them in light of three hypotheses: 1 – Lexical –phonological hypothesis: when the lexical route is weak, the nonlexical route is recruited. 2 – Nonlexical hypothesis: when the nonlexical route is weak, it is abandoned. 3 – Semantic-access hypothesis: when access to meaning fails, the nonlexical route is recruited. In neurocognitive terms, hypotheses 1 and 2 identify different aspects of the intactness of the dorsal stream, while the third hypothesis focuses on the ventral stream. Our findings (and a subsequent meta-analysis of four studies) support hypotheses 2 and 3. Ultimately, we claim that the choice about whether to recruit the nonlexical route is guided, not by assessment of production abilities that support repetition, but instead by relying on accessible cues, namely whether the speaker understands the word, or can remember its sequence of phonemes.
Double-blind randomized comparison of intravenous tocainide versus lidocaine in the treatment of chronic ventricular arrhythmias.

Abstract The efficacy and safety of intravenous tocainide were compared with intravenous lidocaine in patients with chronic ventricular arrhythmias in a double-blind, parallel study. Twenty-nine patients were randomized to a tocainide (n = 15) or lidocaine (n = 14) group. Antiarrhythmic efficacy was defined as a ≥50% reduction in single ventricular premature complex (VPC) frequency, ≥90% reduction in paired VPC frequency, and total abolition of ventricular tachycardia. Efficacy was observed in 40% (6 of 15) of patients in the tocainide group and in 36% (5 of 14) patients in the lidocaine group. A 75% or greater reduction in total VPCs occurred in 40% (6 of 15) of patients in the tocainide group and in 57% (8 of 14) of patients in the lidocaine group. Greater than 90% suppression of paired VPCs occurred in 9 of 13 (69%) patients taking tocainide and in 6 of 11 (54%) patients taking lidocaine. Total abolition of ventricular tachycardia was documented in 5 of 11 (45%) patients given tocainide and in two of six (33%) patients given lidocaine. A total of 17 adverse reactions affecting 86% (12 of 14) of patients taking lidocaine and 11 adverse reactions affecting 53% (8 of 15) of patients taking tocainide occurred. Four patients in each treatment group suffered dose-limiting adverse effects. This study suggests that the efficacy and safety of intravenous tocainide are similar to that of intravenous lidocaine in patients with chronic ventricular arrhythmias.
Establishing the Framework for Tissue Engineered Heart Pumps

Development of a natural alternative to cardiac assist devices (CADs) will pave the way to a heart failure therapy which overcomes the disadvantages of current mechanical devices. This work provides the framework for fabrication of a tissue engineered heart pump (TEHP). Artificial heart muscle (AHM) was first fabricated by culturing 4 million rat neonatal cardiac cells on the surface of a fibrin gel. To form a TEHP, AHM was wrapped around an acellular goat carotid artery (GCA) and a chitosan hollow cylinder (CHC) scaffold with either the cardiac cells directly contacting the construct periphery or separated by the fibrin gel. Histology revealed the presence of cardiac cell layer cohesion and adhesion to the fibrin gel scaffold, acellular GCA, and synthesized CHC. Expression of myocytes markers, connexin43 and α-actinin, was also noted. Biopotential measurements revealed the presence of ~2.5 Hz rhythmic propagation of action potential throughout the TEHP. Degradation of the fibrin gel scaffold of the AHM via endogenous proteases may be used as a means of delivering the cardiac cells to cylindrical scaffolds. Further development of the TEHP model by use of multi-stimulus bioreactors may lead to the application of bioengineered CADs.
First application of Green’s theorem-derived source and receiver deghosting on deep-water Gulf of Mexico synthetic (SEAM) and field data

ABSTRACTDeghosting benefits traditional seismic processing and is a prerequisite to all inverse-scattering-series based processing. The freedom of choosing a convenient reference medium (and associated Green’s function) means Green’s theorem offers a flexible framework for deriving useful algorithms including deghosting. Among advantages over traditional deghosting methods are: (1) no need for Fourier transforms over receivers and sources, and (2) can accommodate a horizontal or non-horizontal measurement surface, the latter of particular interest for ocean bottom and onshore applications. The theory of Green’s theorem-derived deghosting is presented, and its first application on deep-water Gulf of Mexico synthetic (SEAM) and field data is reported. The source and receiver deghosting algorithms work with positive and encouraging results.
Real-Time Transrectal Ultrasound Guidance During Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: Impact on Surgical Margins

Purpose: We evaluated whether intraoperative real-time TRUS navigation during LRP can decrease the incidence of positive surgical margins.Materials and Methods: Since March 2001, 294 patients with clinically organ confined prostate cancer undergoing LRP have been retrospectively divided into 2 groups, including group 1—217 who underwent LRP without TRUS from March 2001 to February 2003 and group 2—77 who have undergone LRP with TRUS since March 2003. Various baseline parameters were similar between the groups. Before March 2001 the senior surgeon had already performed more than 50 cases of LRP, thus, gaining reasonable familiarity with the technique.Results: Compared to group 1, group 2 had a significantly decreased rate of positive surgical margins in patients with pT3 disease (57% vs 18%, p = 0.002). Positive margin rates also decreased in our overall experience (29% vs 9%, p = 0.0002). Intraoperative TRUS correctly predicted pT2 and pT3 disease in 85% and 86% of patients, respectively. Of the 54 TRUS v...
RACIAL SEGREGATION AND INSURANCE ENTERPRISE AMONG BLACK AMERICANS IN NORTHERN CITIES

At the turn of the century, many white-owned insurance firms discriminated against blacks by denying them coverage or by charging them extraordinarily high premiums. This discrimination created a void that was successfully filled by black insurance entrepreneurs who built upon an old tradition of self-help. My study adds to this account by showing that, in northern cities during the Great Migration, there was a significant, positive association between the representation of blacks in insurance occupations and the spatial isolation of black populations. This finding suggests that, during the study period, many blacks were drawn into the insurance business by the prospect of serving a geographically based market of co-ethnic consumers. I conclude that residential segregation by race, an ecological factor, played an important role in the development of insurance enterprise among black Americans in the urban North. In the early twentieth century, black Americans established a number of successful insurance companies, some of which still operate. These companies arose in part because blacks, like other peoples, have long sought protection against the uncertainties of lifesickness, injury, and death-and have a very old tradition of creating organizations for this purpose. This venerable tradition, rooted in the early black churches, mutual-aid societies, and fraternal orders, is over two-hundred years old (Butler 1991, pp. 96-109). Another factor, however, was the reluctance of white-owned insurance companies to serve black consumers. Many of these companies refused to sell insurance to blacks, and nearly all that did charged blacks higher premiums than whites. These practices were based upon reports
Simultaneous brightness contrast in stereoscopic space.

Abstract We manipulated the depth and lateral displacement between the test and inducing fields of a classical simultaneous brightness contrast configuration. Depth separation varied with the binocular disparity carried by the test fields, whereas directional displacement arose from decentration of the test fields. Neither depth nor lateral displacement influenced the magnitude of simultaneous brightness contrast although stereoscopic size and distance varied directly with disparity. The present results indicate that simultaneous brightness contrast is not affected by depth adjacency.
Childhood maltreatment and intimate partner violence in dissociative disorder patients.

Background : Childhood maltreatment (CM) is a risk factor for subsequent intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood, with high rates of retrospectively reported CM among IPV victims and perpetrators. A theorized mechanism of the link between CM and IPV is dissociation. Dissociation may allow perpetrators of violence to remain emotionally distant from their behavior and minimize empathy toward those they victimize, enabling them to commit acts of violence similar to their own experiences. Indeed, elevated rates of dissociation and dissociative disorders (DD) have been found among IPV survivors and perpetrators. In addition, in pilot studies, DD clinicians have reported high levels of violent behavior among DD patients. Objective : The present study investigates IPV among DD patients with Dissociative Identity Disorder and Dissociative Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, a group with CM rates of 80–95% and severe dissociative symptoms. Methods : DD clinicians reported on rates of CM and IPV among 275 DD patients in outpatient treatment. DD patients also completed a self-report measure of dissociation. Analyses assessed the associations between CM typologies and IPV, as well as trait dissociation and IPV. Results : Physical and emotional child abuse were associated with physical IPV, and childhood witnessing of domestic violence (DV) and childhood neglect were associated with emotional IPV. Conclusions : The present study is the first to provide empirical support for a possible CM to adult IPV developmental trajectory among DD patients. Future research is needed to better understand the link between CM and IPV among those with trauma and DD. Keywords: Dissociation; dissociative identity disorder; dissociative disorders; intimate partner violence; domestic violence; childhood maltreatment; childhood abuse Responsible Editor: Sheila Sprague, McMaster University, Canada This paper is part of the Special Issue: Intimate partner violence and mental health . More papers from this issue can be found at http://www.eurojnlofpsychotraumatol.net (Published: 12 September 2014) Citation: European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2014, 5 : 24568 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.24568
On groups that are residually of finite rank

Letr be a fixed positive integer. A groupG has (Prufer) rankr if every finitely generated subgroup ofG can be generated byr elements andr is the least such integer. In this paper we consider groups that are residually of rankr. Among other things we prove that a periodic group that is residually (of rankr and locally finite) is locally finite and obtain the structure of groups that are residually (of rankr and locally soluble). A number of examples are also given to illustrate the limitations of these theorems.
Self-transcendence in stem cell transplantation recipients: a phenomenologic inquiry.

Purpose/objectives To understand the meaning of self-transcendence, or the ability to go beyond the self, for patients who have had a stem cell transplantation. Research approach A phenomenologic investigation guided by the interpretive philosophy of Heidegger. Setting A cancer center in a major urban academic medical center. Participants 4 men and 4 women ages 45-63 who had received a stem cell transplantation in the previous year. Methodologic approach Two or three unstructured, open-ended interviews were conducted with each participant. Data were extracted, analyzed, and interpreted according to the Colaizzi method. Main research variables Self-transcendence. Findings Self-transcendence emerged as a process that was triggered by the suffering the participants experienced as they lived through the physical effects of the treatment, faced death, drew strength from within themselves, and perceived a spiritually influenced turning point. The experience of a human connection lessened their feelings of vulnerability in the process. As the participants recovered, they described being transformed both physically and personally. Conclusions The findings from this study highlight the power inherent in patients to not only meet the challenges they face, but to grow from their experiences. The findings also highlight patients' deep need for a human connection and the power that nurses and other healthcare professionals have to provide that connection. Interpretation The caring connections established by health-care professionals can ease the ability of patients to access the inner resource of self-transcendence and reduce their feelings of vulnerability.
The distribution of zooplankton in the Sanyati Bay, Lake Kariba; A multivariate analysis

A principal component and discriminant function analysis of zooplankton from the Sanyati Bay, Lake Kariba, indicated that the distribution of plankton was associated with the riverine in-flow into the lake.
NEMA and IEC standards: A practical approach

This paper considers the application of and provides comparisons between NEMA and IEC products and standards. Specifically, what each standard consists of, the history of both standards and where they typically apply will be reviewed. Design, application, and operational issues to consider will be addressed as well as different drivers for selecting a standard such as cost, lifecycle, equipment and personnel protection, and space requirements. Industry standard requirements and typical expectations based on location, U.S. or International will be addressed. Equipment such as motors, contactors, enclosures, controllers, and material such as raceway and wire will be addressed as well as installation methods. Case studies for each approach will be provided as well as an example of an approach that implements mixed standards in order to achieve the most economical overall system cost.
Retentions, relations and innovation: the financing of R&D in India

Based on data for a panel of several thousand Indian firms covering a period of 15 years, between 1991–1992 and 2005–2006, this article has examined the impact of financial retentions and debt types on the levels of R&D undertaken by firms. Retentions by firms clearly influence firms’ R&D spending levels. The results show that the important relational debt types, such as bank borrowing, corporate borrowings and deferred payments, have a positive and significant impact in influencing levels of R&D undertaken by firms in India. The economic impact of such debt in impacting R&D spending levels is also substantial. For Indian firms, where relational borrowings, especially from banks, have been very substantial, such borrowings have influenced their capability-building activities. Conversely, debt that is of the transactional variety has no material impact on firms’ R&D spending levels. These results hold consistently across specifications and data stratification.
Reduction of DL-selenocystine and isolation of L-seleoncysteine.

Abstract Cystine, selenocystine, and several analogs were reduced by dithiothreitol (DTT), β-mercaptoethanol (ME) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4). DTT was the most effective; DTT to cystine ratios from 10 to 80 were equally effective. With selenocysteine, however, absorption was considerably reduced at all ratios. Selenocysteine was identified as the reduction product by reaction with Gaitonde's reagent, comparison of absorption spectra, paper chromatography, utilization by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase from Paracoccus denitrificans and Vigna radiata, changes in solubility after DTT treatment, and comparison of infared spectra. During the ATP-PPi exchange assay, DTT and ME convert cysteine and selenocysteine derivatives to cysteine and selenocysteine which serve as substrates for cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase.
γ Interferon induced by S. aureus protein A augments natural killing and ADCC

Staphylococcus aureus produces a protein identified as protein A (SpA) with a molecular weight of 41,000 (ref. 1) which binds to the Fc region of many types of mammalian IgG2, activates complement, blocks opsonins and is both chemotactic and mitogenic. SpA has been used for various immunological purposes including removal of immune complexes, arming effector cells with antibody, distinguishing between antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and natural killing (NK), and exerting anti-tumor activity. We have now demonstrated that SpA induces the production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in nonadherent, T lymphocyte-depleted (E-), Fc receptor-bearing (FcR+) human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Our data also suggest that IFN-gamma is a potent stimulator of both NK and ADCC activity.
Worm propagation modeling and analysis under dynamic quarantine defense

Due to the fast spreading nature and great damage of Internet worms, it is necessary to implement automatic mitigation, such as dynamic quarantine, on computer networks. Enlightened by the methods used in epidemic disease control in the real world, we present a dynamic quarantine method based on the principle "assume guilty before proven innocent" --- we quarantine a host whenever its behavior looks suspicious by blocking traffic on its anomaly port. Then we will release the quarantine after a short time, even if the host has not been inspected by security staffs yet. We present mathematical analysis of three worm propagation models under this dynamic quarantine method. The analysis shows that the dynamic quarantine can reduce a worm's propagation speed, which can give us precious time to fight against a worm before it is too late. Furthermore, the dynamic quarantine will raise a worm's epidemic threshold, thus it will reduce the chance for a worm to spread out. The simulation results verify our analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the dynamic quarantine defense.
The introduction of deuterium into the C-19 angular methyl group

Through the use of the now readily accessible 19-hydroxy-Δ -steroids, methods have been developed for the introduction of one or three deuterium atoms into the C-19 angular methyl group to afford labeled substrates suitable for mass spectrometric studies. Substitution of tritiated for deuterated reagents would thus open a route to radioactive steroids labeled in the angular methyl group.
Optical Fiber Geometry: Accurate Measurement of Cladding Diameter

We have developed three instruments for accurate measurement of optieal fiber cladding diameter: a contact micrometer, a scanning confocal microscope, and a white-light interference microscope. Each instrument has an estimated uncertainty (3 standard deviations) of 50 nm or less, but the confocal microscope may display a 20 nm systematic error as well. The micrometer is used to generate Standard Reference Materials that are commercially available.
Activity and Blacklight Induced Flight of Black Cutworm and European Corn Borer as Related to Temperature and Relative Humidity

Flight behavior and response to blacklight of black cutworm (BC), Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) and European corn borer (ECB), Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) adults were determined in laboratory tests at temperatures ranging from 0–55°C. ECB was tested at 2 air moisture conditions, less than 30% RH and 30–60% RH, while BC was only tested at one condition, between 30–60% RH. BC moths were active at lower temperatures (3°C) than were ECB (15°C). Both species were above 90% active from the lower temperature limits up to 45°C. Male BC moths were slightly less responsive than females to blacklight. Male and female ECB moths responded similarly except at low temperatures. The peak for ECB flight response occurred at higher temperatures in conditions of low relative humidity than in conditions of moderate humidity.
Wife’s education and urban family size in india: The form of the relationship

Abstract The paper examines the net relationship between wife's education and completed family size based on data on 48,5 women, ages 40–49, from one city in India. The results indicate that wife's education has a curvilinear (inverted U) relationship with completed family size. Up to a threshold level of 4.4 years, an increase in wife's education results in larger completed family size; beyond this point it has a depressing effect on family size.
Evaluation and management of patients with both peripheral vascular and coronary artery disease.

The prevalence of serious angiographic coronary artery disease ranges from 37% to 78% in patients undergoing operation for peripheral vascular disease. Clinical studies have demonstrated that cardiac outcome after peripheral vascular surgery is not adequately predicted by the standard criteria of history, physical findings and rest electrocardiogram. An adequate exercise work load, left ventricular function and thallium redistribution have proved important in perioperative risk stratification. The choice of a perioperative functional cardiac test depends on patientrelated factors and the nature of the peripheral vascular operation. Although procedures involving aortic cross-clamping exert a greater hemodynamic stress than do carotid endarterectomy and femoral popliteal surgery, late cardiac morbidity and mortality are significant in all patients with atherosclerotic disease. The decision to proceed with preoperative coronary angiography and myocardial revascularization should be based primarily on indications independent of the peripheral vascular procedure. However, peripheral vascular surgery may influence the timing of myocardial revascularization. Patients with high risk or unstable coronary artery disease may benefit from preoperative coronary revascularization, although this hypothesis remains unproved. In all patients, careful monitoring during and after operation is essential. All patients with peripheral vascular disease should be considered to be at lifelong risk for fatal and nonfatal cardiac events and should undergo appropriate clinical and laboratory evaluation and be treated accordingly.
Effect of Low-Dose Irradiation and Post-Irradiation Cooking and Storage on the Thiamin Content of Fresh Pork

Low-dose gamma irradiation of vacuum-packaged, ground fresh pork resulted in a dose-dependent, first-order rate of thiamin destruction (R2= 0.99). Thiamin losses for raw pork irradiated at 0.57, 1.91, 3.76, 5.52 and 7.25 kGy were 7.7, 23.5, 38.1, 49.8 and 57.6%, respectively, of the nonirradiated sample. Post-irradiation cooking resulted in additional thiamin losses of 11.3, 11.5, 13.0, 13.6, 13.5 and 15.0% for respective treatment samples irradiated at doses of 0, 0.57, 1.91, 3.76, 5.52 and 7.25 kGy. Time of storage had little effect on the thiamin content of raw irradiated and nonirradiated pork.
Dantrolene ameliorates the metabolic hallmarks of sepsis in rats and improves survival in a mouse model of endotoxemia.

Abstract Sepsis is the systemic inflammatory response resulting from serious infection and is the most common cause of death in intensive care units. Intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) is an important regulator of numerous cellular processes and when increased excessively may act as a potent cellular toxin. To determine if [Ca2+]i is responsible for the major metabolic changes which are hallmarks of sepsis, we examined if sodium dantrolene, a drug which decreases release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum, affected the metabolic abnormalities in plasma and epitrochlearis muscles of rats made septic by cecal ligation and perforation. Dantrolene when added in vitro or when given in vivo decreases many of the metabolic hallmarks of sepsis--i.e., muscle protein breakdown approximately 30%, muscle glucose transport approximately 38%, muscle lactate formation approximately 28%, and plasma lactate approximately 29% (P 2-fold improvement in survival when it was administered concurrently with endotoxin (54% vs. 20% survival in dantrolene-treated and control mice, respectively (P < 0.001). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that an increase in [Ca2+]i plays an important role in the metabolic abnormalities which occur during sepsis and that dantrolene administration may be an effective therapeutic strategy.
Quantitative Determination of Pneumococcal Capsular Polysac-charide by Photronreflectometric Titration of Precipitation with Excess Antibody.

SummaryA standard solution of antipneumococcal rabbit antibody type III was titrated with varying dilutions of capsular polysaccharide, in the zone of antibody excess. Photronreflectometric readings were made after 20 minutes of incubation at 37°C and a standard curve made. Unknown concentrations of SSS can be determined by identical titrations of varying dilutions with reference to the standard curve, provided a single system is utilized.
Implicit Theories of Organizational Power and Priming Effects on Managerial Power-Sharing Decisions: An Experimental Study1

Over 60 years of research on participative leadership has documented the many benefits of power sharing in organizations. However, a common obstacle to power sharing is the unwillingness of those with power to share it. An experimental study is presented that investigated the effects of managers' implicit theories of power in organizations on their willingness to share power with subordinates. The study proposed that chronic differences in implicit power theories (the degree of competitive vs. cooperative beliefs and ideals regarding organizational power relations) would affect managers' decisions to share or withhold power. Subliminal priming was predicted to temporarily enhance the accessibility of these differences in implicit power theories, thereby fostering or inhibiting spontaneous decisions to share power. Results indicate that the subliminal priming of competitive theories of organizational power negatively influenced managers' immediate, spontaneous decisions to share power, whereas chronic differences in their implicit theories similarly affected their more systematic decisions to share power. The theoretical and applied contributions of the study are discussed.
A simple model for the refractive index of sodium iodide aqueous solutions

A model for predicting the refractive index of sodium iodide (NaI) aqueous solution n NaI as a function of temperature T, NaI concentration c and wavelength λ was determined for moderate parameter variations. The equation accurately predicted the salt concentration required to match n NaI to the refractive index of Pyrex n P.
Phase II Trial of Intravenous CI-1042 in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Purpose: To evaluate the antitumor activity, safety, immune response, and replication of CI-1042 (ONYX-015), an E1B 55-kd gene-deleted replication-selective adenovirus, administered intravenously to patients with metastatic colorectal cancer Patients and Methods: Eighteen patients with metastatic colorectal cancer for whom prior chemotherapy failed were enrolled onto an open-label, multicenter, phase II study. CI-1042 was administered intravenously at a dose of 2 × 1012 viral particles every 2 weeks. Patients were evaluated for tumor response and toxicity; in addition, blood samples were taken for adenovirus DNA and neutralizing antibody analysis. Results: Common toxicities included flu-like symptoms, nausea, and emesis. All 18 patients eventually were removed from study because of progressive disease. Seven patients were assessed as having stable disease after 2 months of treatment, whereas two patients were considered to have stable disease after 4 months. Detectable circulating CI-1042 DNA was identifi...
A scalar function formulation for optical flow: applications to X-ray imaging

The author presents results from a new formulation for determining velocities from a time-sequence of X-ray projection images of an incompressible fluid. Starting with the conservation of mass principle, and physics of X-ray projection, the author derives a motion constraint equation for projection imaging, a practical special case of which is shown to be the Horn and Schunck's optical flow constraint. The formulation is particularly efficient, as the flow field is obtained from a 90 degrees rotation applied to the gradient of a scalar function. It is shown that if specific criteria are met, in addition to normal flow which is commonly recoverable, the tangential component of optical flow is also recoverable, without the need for smoothness. An algorithm is presented to illustrate this. Preliminary results from the optical flow formulation applied to synthetic images, as well as contrast-injected X-ray images of flowing fluid, in a cylindrical phantom are presented. >
Cytochemical study of delta-5-3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in testicular cells grown in vitro.

Cytochemical reaction for Δ5-3/3- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was studied in monolayers of testicular cells grown in vitro. Cells in cultures established from testicular tissue of immature rats were essentially negative for Δ6-3/3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Cells in cultures established from testicular tissue of similar animals pretreated with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were strongly positive for Δ5-3/3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Addition of HCG to the culture medium failed to induce a positive reaction for this enzyme. These studies show that testicular cells which may be active in steroid biosynthesis can be grown in vitro. (Endocrinology 79: 406,1966)