cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1472: The differential expression of miRNAs in breast cancer cell lines

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Breast cancer is a heterogenous disease that is the second leading cause of death amongst women in the United States. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a very aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by its loss of estrogen, progesterone and HER2 receptor expression which limits its targets for effective drug therapies. Micro Ribonucleic Acids (miRNAs) are a class of small, endogenous non-coding ribonucleic acids that seem to play an essential role in gene regulation. Changes in the patterns of miRNA expression profiles are serving as potential biomarkers for tumor diagnosis, prognosis of disease-specific outcomes, and the prediction of therapeutic responses in cancer. We analyzed miRNA array (Agilent) expression profiles in triple negative breast cancer cell lines (HCC70, HCC1806, MDA-MB-157) and non-cancerous (AG11132) African American women breast cell lines. We revealed that the TNBC cells exhibited a different miRNA expression pattern when compared to the normal breast cancer cell line. We analyzed the hybridization data files using standard Microsoft Excel techniques and verified our findings using PARTEK Genomics Suite. We combined the data sets from the TNBC cell lines and compared the miRNA array expression profiles to the normal control cell line AG11132. We revealed that there were significant dysregulation of miRNAs including those of the let-7 family, miR-16, miR-31, and miR-25b-1, miR34a, and miR-95 in the triple negative cells as compared to the normal cells. These miRNAs have been described in previous scientific studies to be associated with tumorigenesis in breast cancer. These studies are initial observations that we will follow up with molecular techniques such as real-time PCR and siRNA to validate the results in order to establish more direct correlations to miRNAs and their roles in triple negative breast cancer. Citation Format: Checo J. Rorie, Brianna L. Arrington, Sherette S. Godfrey, Armeshia S. McCoy, Kashenya M. Gurley. The differential expression of miRNAs in breast cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1472. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1472
Psychological treatment of adolescent substance abusers:: A review

Alcohol and drug abuse among youth has become a major national concern. Psychological treatment strategies reported in the literature that have been used with adolescent substance abusers include five approaches: (a) behavior therapy, (b) skills training, (c) reality therapy, (d) psychodynamic therapy, and (e) family therapy. A limited number of studies have evaluated these treatments. Behavior therapy, skills training, and family therapy approaches show some evidence of effectiveness. However, most studies had methodological flaws.
Isothermal diffusion—reaction in a slab catalyst with bimolecular Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics: Connections with negative first-order kinetics

Abstract The problem of isothermal diffusion-reaction in a slab catalyst with bimolecular Langmuir—Hinshelwood kinetics is studied. Analytic solutions for the concentration profile and the catalytic effectiveness factor are reported for the full range of Thiele modulus values, in the limit of large adsorption inhibition constant. In this limit, connections with negative first-order kinetics are shown, and rather good explicit estimates of the region of multiple steady states are provided. Comparisons with numerical calculations are also made.
A multi-scale, multi-domain approach for LES of high Reynolds number wall-bounded turbulent flows

A major impediment to LES of high Reynolds number wall-bounded turbulent flows is the prohibitive resolution requirements of LES in the near-wall region. In the recent years, a number of wall modelling approaches have been proposed to bypass these resolution requirements (see [1] for a detailed review). Existing approaches are generally based on solving a reduced set of RANS equations in the near-wall region to obtain appropriate boundary conditions for LES, which is applied only in the outer layer of the flow. In application, these approaches have generally proved to be wanting in accuracy or scope [1]. In this study, we present a new multi-domain, multi-scale approach for LES of high Reynolds number wall-bounded turbulence. This approach capitalizes on the well-known quasi-periodicity of the turbulence structures in the near-wall region to solve the near-wall region in a minimal flow domain. This near-wall domain is then repeated periodically (or quasi-periodically) and matched to a full-domain LES in the core, solved at a much coarser resolution. This multi-scale approach has been implemented in LES of turbulent channel flow using a non-conforming, spectral domaindecomposition (patching) method. A schematic of the channel and the domains used in the nearwall and outer regions is shown in Fig. 1. Simulations have been performed for Re� � 1000, 2000, 5000, 10,000, and 20,000. The subgrid-scale model used in the simulations is the Nonlinear Interactions Approximations (NIA) model, recently developed in our group [2]. This model uses graded filters and deconvolution to directly model the nonlinear terms in the filtered Navier-Stokes equations, instead of the traditional subgrid-scale stresses. The NIA model has been shown to give very accurate predictions of both the filtered and full (filtered plus subgrid) turbulence statistics. In the multi-scale approach, the near-wall region is solved in a domain spanning the full length of the computational domain in the streamwise (x) direction, a height of 100 250 wall units in the wall-normal (z) direction, and a width of several hundred wall units in the spanwise (y) + +
Spektroskopische Untersuchung einiger α,β‐ungesättigter cyclischer Ketone

The results of the spectroscopic investigation of the steroidal enones 1–6 can be summarized as follows: 1. Direct absorption and phosphorescence excitation techniques have been used to locate the 3(n,π*) states, and in each case it has been found to be the second triplet state. 2. The lowest excited state in each case is assigned as 3(π,π*) state. 3. The diffuseness in the phosphorescence emission from the 3(π,π*) states is attributed to a large change in the molecular geometry upon excitation (probably to a non-planar configuration). 4. The diffuseness in the S Tn,π* absorption is correspondingly attributed to interaction between the 3(n,π*) and 3(π,π*) states. A summary of the energy levels for these compounds is given in Fig. 4.
Toughening of impenetrable interfaces by polydisperse tethered polymer chains: effect of tethered chain length

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of polydisperse tethered chains on the toughness of an impenetrable interface. The results indicate that tethered chains improved the toughness of such interfaces - an improvement that we attribute to an interaction between the tethered chains and the matrix free chains. An increase in the tethered chain length relative to the free chain length, plus the natural polydispersity of the tethered chains, appears to underlie this beneficial interaction.
A Phase I study of the oral antimetabolite, CS-682, administered once daily 5 days per week in patients with refractory solid tumor malignancies

The development of nucleoside analogues has had a major impact on cancer therapy. CS-682 is a novel, orally administered nucleoside analogue with a unique mechanism of action. CS-682 undergoes conversion to the active metabolite, CNDAC, which then leads to the inhibition of DNA polymerase and a novel “DNA self-strand breaking mechanism.” We conducted a Phase I study of CS-682, administered orally five days per week in patients with refractory solid tumor malignancies. Forty-eight patients were enrolled on study. The recommended phase II dose of 30 mg/m2 given orally once daily for 5 days a week for 4 weeks followed by 2 weeks off drug, was well tolerated. The most common dose limiting toxicity was neutropenia, which occurred at the highest dose levels of CS-682. This was correlated with higher CNDAC Cmax and AUC values. No tumor responses were noted in this heavily pretreated population. However, given the ease of administration and tolerability, further investigation of this agent is warranted.
Electrochemical synthesis and impedance characterization of nano-patterned biosensor substrate

Abstract The nano-porous anodic aluminum oxide has been used as a substrate material for enzymatic biosensor operating in aqueous solutions. Nano-scale porous structure was formed by electrical anodization in an acid solution. By changing anodization conditions, such as electrolyte concentration, temperature, and anodization time, the ordered hexagonal porous structure with well-controlled pore size and depth can be obtained. Nano-porous alumina substrate with adsorbed enzymes was used as an enzyme electrode and pH sensor. The pH changes are driven by the enzymatic reactions, e.g. penicillin G hydrolysis to form penicilloic acid in the presence of penicillinaze. The advantage of physical adsorption used to bound penicillinaze, the model enzyme in this work, to the porous structure, is that usually no reagents are required and only a minimum of “activation” or clean-up steps. Adsorption tends to be less disruptive to enzyme proteins than chemical attachment. Due to the increased active sensor area, the immobilization of enzymes has been enhanced, which in turn improved the electrode’s sensitivity. To characterize the interactions of enzymes with nano-porous alumina oxide, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used.
Thermoregulation is impaired in an environment without circadian time cues

Squirrel monkeys synchronized to a 24-hour light-dark cycle show a prominent circadian rhythm in body temperature which is regulated against mild environmental cold exposures throughout the 24-hour day. However, cold exposures produce significant decreases in core body temperature when the circadian rhythms of the animal are free-running in the absence of environmental time cues. Effective thermoregulation appears to require the precise internal synchronization of the circadian timekeeping system.
Aluminum complexes of phenolic flavones. Spectral and structural correlations

Abstract A detailed re-investigation of the diagnostic specificity of aluminum chloride as a spectral reagent for locating hydroxyl groups on a flavone nucleus has been undertaken. Examination of the aluminum chloride shifts of one hundred and forty flavones indicates that in dilute solutions in ethanol the reagent complexes specifically with 3-hydroxy- and 5-hydroxy-4-carbonyl groupings. With few exceptions shifts of characteristic magnitudes thereby result. In methanol solutions, on the other hand, complex formation also occurs with 3′–4′-dihydroxy groups and flavones with this group consistently give larger bathochromic shifts in this solvent.
Dietary Improvements among African American Youth: Results of an Interactive Nutrition Promotion Program.

BackgroundThe Junior Doctors of Health© (JDOH) program was developed from a collaboration between a large medical university, school district, and community organization to address obesity-related behaviors in children through education, skill building, and mentoring.PurposeEvaluate the impact of the JDOH program on self-efficacy for and intake of fruits, vegetables, and beverages among a sample of predominantly African American elementary students.MethodsPre- and postintervention surveys were administered to students in grades 4 through 6. A total of 224 students participated (intervention = 133, control = 91) across 5 schools. Independent t tests and mixed-model Poisson regressions were conducted to compare intervention and control groups.ResultsSelf-efficacy was associated with significant differences in reported dietary behaviors, with results varying by gender. For boys, fruit intake increased significantly, and for girls, intake of fruit, green salad, carrots, potatoes, and other vegetables increase...
In-vitro responses of leucocytes to food proteins in allergic and normal children: lymphocyte stimulation and histamine release.

Summary In vitro quantitative methods for determination of antigenic release of histamine from leucocytes and stimulation of small lymphocytes to transformation into blast forms were applied to a study of immunologic responses to food proteins in allergic and non-allergic children. The allergic group was subdivided according to positive or negative reactions to intradermal injection of the food proteins. Significant lymphocyte stimulation by proteins from foods universal in the diets, like cow's milk and eggs, occurred as frequently in non-allergic as allergic children, with or without positive skin tests to the food proteins. Furthermore, the average stimulation among the groups was not significantly different. A soybean protein gave significantly greater stimulation of lymphocytes from allergic children, in whose diets soybean formulae are frequently substituted for cow's milk. Antigenic release of histamine from leucocytes occurs only with leucocytes from skin-test positive persons, and in only about 25-50% of these in the case of food proteins. Neither the procedure for lymphocyte stimulation nor for histamine release from leucocytes, as carried out in this study, will serve to determine unequivocally whether a particular food protein is causing symptoms in question.
Sexual harassment policies in K-12 schools: examining accessibility to students and content.

BACKGROUND: Peer sexual harassment is a significant social problem with consequences for both students and schools. Four out of 5 students report experiencing sexual harassment. These experiences have been linked to poor psychological health and academic withdrawal. Recognizing the seriousness of sexual harassment in schools, Supreme Court rulings have established school liability for known instances of sexual harassment under Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972. Federal guidelines established by the Office for Civil Rights of the US Department of Education mandate schools to develop sexual harassment policies; however, the implementation of these guidelines has not been examined. Therefore, this study assessed the degree to which sexual harassment policies in primary and secondary schools adhered to said guidelines. METHODS: This study evaluated 784 primary and secondary school sexual harassment policies across 4 states on 3 key factors: accessibility to students (ie, via the Internet), consistency with federal guidelines regarding their content and the inclusion of 10 key components, and consistency of content across educational levels. RESULTS: Only 14% of sexual harassment policies were available online; the majority of policies incorporated only 5 of the 10 critical components, and elementary school policies contained significantly fewer components than all other educational levels. CONCLUSIONS: The Internet is an underused resource for disseminating school sexual harassment policies to students. When policies are available, they rarely incorporate the key elements specified in the federal guidelines. Particularly troubling are the inaccessibility and incompleteness of elementary school policies. Greater attention to policy accessibility and comprehensiveness is needed.
The intercollicular pathway in the golden hamster: An anatomical study

The intercollicular pathway of the hamster was studied by means of a combination of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), autoradiographic, and double-labeling (nuclear yellow-HRP) techniques. Small deposits of HRP marked significant numbers of cells in the contralateral colliculus only when the injection site included the laminae ventral to the stratum opticum. Anterior deposits labeled many more neurons than injections into the caudal part of the tectum. Of the cells labeled by our injections, 18.2% were located in the superficial collicular laminae (stratum griseum superficiale and stratum opticum), and the remainder (81.8%) were in the deep layers. A wide variety of morphological cell types contributed axons to the intercollicular projection, and in a given animal the loci of the labeled neurons were generally symmetrical with the injection site. Small deposits of [3H]-leucine resulted in contralateral labeling only when the injection included the deep collicular laminae. The transported label was most dense in the stratum griseum intermediale and stratum griseum profundum, and its location was generally homotopic with the injection site. Experiments in which collicular HRP deposits were combined with large cervical spinal or pontine reticular injections of Nuclear Yellow indicated that intertectal neurons did not, in most cases, contribute axon branches to the spinal or pontine reticular projections of the colliculus. Receptive field data obtained at the time of the HRP and/or [3H]-leucine deposits demonstrated that the collicular representations of the ipsilateral and at least 45° of the contralateral hemifields were encompassed by intercollicular connections. This was also true for the somatosensory representation of the entire head and a portion of the neck.
A new mixed-metal MnRh coordination polymer assembled from Mn-containing molecular building blocks and Rh2(OAc)4 dimers

Abstract The manganese-containing molecular building block Mn(2-methylpyrazine-5-carboxylato)2·(H2O)2 (1, triclinic, P-1, a=7.2042(6) A, b=7.4067(6) A, c=13.9982(12) A, α=87.205(2)°, β=81.162(2)°, γ=80.517(2)°, Z=2) was prepared and used in the synthesis of a new mixed-metal organic-inorganic polymeric material. The reaction between 1 and Rh2(OAc)4 resulted in the formation of catena-poly{[Mn(MePyzca)2(MeOH)2][Rh2(OAc)4]}·2MeOH (2, monoclinic, C2/c, a=29.711(3) A, b=7.9124(8) A, c=15.5028(15) A, β=109.212(2)°, Z=4), where the Mn(MePyzca)2(MeOH)2 building blocks are linked by Rh2(OAc)4 dimers into a one-dimensional zigzag chain structure. The magnetic susceptibility for 2 follows the Curie law, with no indication of long range magnetic order. Synthesis, X-ray structure determination and magnetic properties are presented.
Traumatic dislocation of the hip

T WO names are outstanding in the early English literature on traumatic dislocation of the hip. They are Sir Astley Cooper and Henry Jacob Bigelow. Each of these wrote at length on the anatomic aspects of this lesion, accurately describing methods of reduction and giving classifications of the lesions. However, neither of them, so far as we are able to determine, discussed the end results of their treatment of this condition. It is to the end results of this serious injury that a great deal of attention has been drawn in the past two decades. It is hard to separate dislocations of the hip from fractures of the acetabulum, the Iatter being a complicating factor in many cases of dislocated hip. The exact incidence of fracture of the acetabuIum and its significance with regard to prognosis are important. Several papers published during the past few years have served to emphasize the importance of careful study of end resuIts. Such papers, no doubt, will stimulate all of us to greater initial efforts at gaining a perfect reduction in order that, if possible, a better end result may be obtained. Four of the more recent articles avaiIabIe on traumatic dislocation of the hip are summarized in Table I. Follow-up data were obtained in 128 of 193 cases by Speed and Stewart, in I 16 of 204 cases by Thompson and Epstein, in IOI cases by Armstrong, and in sixty-six of seventysix cases by Paus. From a review of these articles, particularly the papers of Speed and Stewart and of Thompson and Epstein, it is obvious that early reduction of the disIocated hip is a most important factor in recovery with a good end result. Speed and Stewart state, “The total figures of the cases reduced by manipulation within the first 12 hours reveal that 37 of 42 received an excehent or good result and 5 fair or poor. In the second 12 hours there were I I excellent or good and 4 fair or poor. After 24 hours there were 33 cases all rated as fair or poor regardless of the type or grade of dislocation.” 1 he late results in cases in which open reduction was carried out were less satisfactory. In 71.4 per cent of such cases in Speed and Stewart’s series, traumatic arthritis developed. Thompson and Epstein point out the same fact, that early reduction of manipulated dislocations produces significantly better results.
Post radiation hemorrhagic cystitis: MR findings

We report on the magnetic resonance findings in two patients with hemorrhagic cystitis secondary to radiation therapy. One patient's bladder wall was high in signal intensity on T1-weighted fat-suppressed spoiled gradient echo and low in signal intensity on T2-weighted fat-suppressed spin echo images, findings consistent with intracellular methemoglobin in the setting of subacute intramural hemorrhage. The second patient's bladder wall had regions that were low in signal intensity on T1-weighted fat-suppressed spin echo and high in signal intensity on T2-weighted fat-suppressed spin echo, and other regions that were high in signal intensity on T1-weighted fat suppressed spin echo and on T2-weighted fat-suppressed spin echo images, findings that were consistent with active bleeding and late subacute hemorrhage, respectively. Imaging findings correlated with the patients' clinical picture. Our two cases illustrate that magnetic resonance images may demonstrate changes of hemorrhagic cystitis and may permit determination of disease acuity.
Learning from Southern California: a typology of neighborhood‐scale projects, the emerging metropolitan form and the implications for public policy

This paper presents a typology of neighborhood‐scale projects in Southern California, examines their impact on the emerging metropolitan form and discusses policy implications. This region is growing fast and is facing several problems. It is also the focus of inquiry of municipal control of land use regulations that support Tiebout sorting and contribute to social and spatial segregation. Given this, the paper examines whether certain types of projects are being built in certain types of cities and whether these projects are likely to support Tiebout sorting. A survey of city planners was used to collect data about the attributes of 169 projects. The results suggest that the association between the attributes of projects and characteristics of cities is not strong and reveal how certain types of projects might address some of the region’s problems. The paper concludes with a discussion of opportunities to create a better metropolitan form.
Thermal-shock- and fatigue-resistant coatings for magnetically confined fusion environments

Abstract Candidate coating systems of materials of low atomic number Z under development for fusion reactor applications were exposed to a maximum of 1000 cycles of electron beam pulse heating at 2 kW cm-2 for 1.5 s. The coating/substrate systems that we investigated include chemically vapor-deposited TiB2/graphite, chemically vapor-deposited TiC/graphite, chemically vapor-deposited B/graphite, plasma-sprayed TiB2/Cu, clad V/Cu, clad Ti/Cu and clad plus borided VB2/V/Cu. All the thin coatings obtained by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) survived the testing as did the plasma-sprayed TiB2/Cu. Coatings of CVD TiB2 and CVD TiC on Poco graphite showed fatigue cracking which may have propagated into the graphite substrates. Some of the clad materials showed failure due to coating melt and deformation and separation due to thermal ratcheting.
Amiloride but Not Memantine Reduces Neurodegeneration, Seizures and Myoclonic Jerks in Rats with Cardiac Arrest-Induced Global Cerebral Hypoxia and Reperfusion

It has been reported that both activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and acid-sensing ion channels during cerebral ischemic insult contributed to brain injury. But which of these two molecular targets plays a more pivotal role in hypoxia-induced brain injury during ischemia is not known. In this study, the neuroprotective effects of an acid-sensing cation channel blocker and an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker were evaluated in a rat model of cardiac arrest-induced cerebral hypoxia. We found that intracisternal injection of amiloride, an acid-sensing ion channel blocker, dose-dependently reduced cerebral hypoxia-induced neurodegeneration, seizures, and audiogenic myoclonic jerks. In contrast, intracisternal injection of memantine, a selective uncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blocker, had no significant effect on cerebral hypoxia-induced neurodegeneration, seizure and audiogenic myoclonic jerks. Intracisternal injection of zoniporide, a specific sodium-hydrogen exchanger inhibitor, before cardiac arrest-induced cerebral hypoxia, also did not reduce cerebral hypoxia-induced neurodegeneration, seizures and myoclonic jerks. These results suggest that acid-sensing ion channels play a more pivotal role than N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in mediating cerebral hypoxia-induced brain injury during ischemic insult.
Subduction, the geoid, and lower mantle convection

Geoid models show that net uncompensated masses in subducting lithosphere are less than thermal models predict, and do not require elevation of mantle phase changes in the slabs. The largest deviations from hydrostatic equilibrium ignore plate boundaries and may be ascribed to lower mantle convection uncoupled to plate motions.
Ultrasonography in prostate cancer: current roles and potential applications in radiorecurrent disease

The use of ultrasound technology for prostate cancer imaging has evolved over many years. In order to fully appreciate today’s application of prostate ultrasound in the primary diagnostic setting as well as for radiorecurrent prostate cancer, it is helpful to understand the progression of this technology from its inception. This review begins with a brief history of the development of ultrasonography for the prostate. This is followed by a summary of the data evaluating ultrasound in the primary diagnosis of prostate cancer. Its application in the post-treatment setting is then addressed. Finally, several emerging technologies are discussed, including contrast-enhanced ultrasound, elastography and HistoScanning. These new modalities may hold promise for identifying incompletely ablated prostate tissue following radiation therapy or other ablative techniques.
Specific Deficiency in Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in Neurons of the Central Nervous System

The expression and activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in neurons and glia of the central nervous system (CNS) has been intensely investigated because of its potential importance in understanding how this multifunctional transcription factor controls developmental and pathological processes. In particular, there has been interest in how NF-kappaB may be differentially regulated in these two major functional subgroups of cells in the CNS to provide for specific responses to various stimuli. Of special interest are responses to both proinflammatory cytokines and microbial products that signal from specific cell receptors to activate NF-kappaB. In the present studies, both neurons and glia (astrocytes) in vivo expressed latent cytoplasmic NF-kappaB analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy and electrophoretic mobility shift analysis. In vitro, neurons and astrocytes expressed comparable levels of latent NF-kappaB molecules, but NF-kappaB nuclear localization stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines or microbial products was markedly deficient in neurons. In accord with this finding, the rapid degradation of inhibitor of NF-kappaB alpha (IkappaBalpha) that is seen in astrocytes did not occur in neurons in response to these agents. However, long-term exposure to translational inhibitors resulted in IkappaBalpha decay and activation of latent NF-kappaB in neurons, indicating potential NF-kappaB activity in these cells. Analysis of NF-kappaB-responsive interferon regulatory factor-1 gene expression indicated that increased nuclear NF-kappaB in neurons had transcriptional potential. We conclude that mechanisms responsible for inducible targeting of IkappaBalpha are uniquely regulated in neurons and account for the hypo-responsiveness of these cells to signals generated during microbial infections in the CNS. Thus, modulation of signals that target IkappaBalpha degradation may be unique and a key component of specific NF-kappaB regulation in neurons.
Have Adolescents Become Too Ambitious? High School Seniors' Educational and Occupational Plans, 1976 to 2000

This article tracks changes in high school seniors' educational and occupational plans over a twenty-five year period and assesses whether these plans have become increasingly unrealistic. Comparisons of seniors' career plans with the contemporaneous achievements of high school graduates confirms that high school seniors' ambitions outpace what they are likely to achieve, a gap that is growing over time. Teenagers' increasingly expect that community college will serve as an avenue for higher degrees and professional jobs. Together with the declining influence of grades and curricular track on students' educational and occupational plans, this provides additional evidence that teenagers have become too ambitious. Finally, longitudinal analyses of three cohorts of high school seniors confirm that the positive association between educational plans and attainments is on the decline.
The joke's on your computer.

The article discusses humorous elements of computer software and websites which were created by programmers and examines Easter eggs, hidden jokes, credits, and programs which can be activated by certain sequences of keystrokes. The author provides examples of inside jokes on the Internet search website Google, in the Speech Recognition program of Mac computers, and on the website YouTube. He argues that such jokes have become less common because corporations disapproved of them.
Sharp fronts due to diffusion and stress at the glass transition in polymers

Utilisation d'un modele etendu propose par Thomas et Windle: l'effet principal du penetrant qui diffuse dans le reseau est une contrainte viscoelastique differentielle. Cela combine un processus de diffusion et mecanique via une reponse viscoelastique ou la deformation depend de la quantite de penetrant. Analytiquement, l'effet principal est de produire des termes de retard, via un parametre de relaxation, rendant compte de la difference fondamentale entre un polymere elastique et un polymere vitreux. Calcul de profils de concentration en accord avec les observations de formation du front
Management of unscheduled anterior tooth or prosthesis loss with extraction and immediate implant placement: a clinical report.

Abstract Immediate treatment to manage an unscheduled patient esthetic crisis following an anterior tooth, crown, or prosthesis loss is important. The immediate management of the anterior esthetic crisis allows for definitive treatment at a separate appointment. Following initial esthetic management, the hopeless tooth or teeth can be replaced with definitive implant prosthetic treatment a short time later on an appointment basis. Most esthetic anterior tooth replacement is done with a delayed surgical implant protocol. This delay can result in loss of both soft and hard oral tissues during the healing period, necessitating soft tissue and bone augmentation procedures, including surgical bone expansion, guided tissue regeneration, bone block grafting procedures, or a combination. These losses often can be avoided at the time of tooth removal with immediate implant replacement. This article demonstrates a technique for management of a patient's unscheduled prosthesis loss with traditional dental treatment ...
31-Year-Old Woman With Alopecia

Resident in Internal Medicine, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (N.M.L.); Fellow in Dermatopathology, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (A.K.A.); Advisor to resident and fellow and Consultant in General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.C.L.). A 31-year-old woman with a medical history notable for obesity (body mass index, 30.9) complicated by lymphedema, generalized anxiety disorder with panic attacks, chronic migraines, and asthma presented to the general internal medicine clinic for evaluation of diffuse alopecia. Her hair loss was first noted by her hairdresser, but it was dismissed as shedding from “seasonal changes.” However, over the subsequent 3 months, she gradually lost one-third of her total hair volume, prompting her to seek evaluation. She reported no use of new hair products, focal areas of hair loss, notable weight loss, major stressors, recent surgery or hospitalization, pregnancy, exposure to lice or scabies, trauma, or a personal history of alopecia or trichotillomania. She confirmed that she had started taking bupropion within the preceding 2 months for her migraines, with resultant mild anorexia and a 1.8-kg weight loss. Concurrently, she was experiencing newonset moderate fatigue. She had used an antidandruff shampoo for a 2-week trial without improvement. Her medications included an albuterol inhaler, amitriptyline, gabapentin, naratriptan, ondansetron, and verapamil. Her sister has a history of alopecia thought to be due to a thyroid disorder. Physical examination revealed diffuse thinning of the hair but no focal areas of hair loss or scarring. There was no erythema or scaling on the scalp andnohair shaft abnormalities, pustules, drainage, or crusting. Skin examination yielded normal findings with no rashes and preserved eyebrows, eyelashes, and body hair. She had no lymphadenopathy or thyroid abnormalities and no evidence of hirsutism or acne.
A class of singular nonlinear boundary value problems

We study nonlinear boundary value problems of the form y' = g(t, y) f(y'), y'(0) = m @? 0, y(1) = 0, where g > 0 on [0, 1) x (0, ~), f 1^-. For example, we distinguish cases for which lim"t" "->" "1- y'(t) either equals m"o or is greater than m"o, and obtain asymptotic formulae for y(t) and y'(t) as t -> 1^-.
Magnet status as a competitive strategy of hospital organizations: marketing a culture of excellence in nursing services.

ABSTRACT With issues of patient safety, the nursing shortage, and managed care fiscal constraints, hospital organizations can strategically capture market share, while insuring best care practices, if they adopt the “Magnet Status” accreditation model. This quality indicator signifies to the consumer a culture of excellence in nursing services and fulfills the priority of customer satisfaction as a marketing strategy objective.
Synthesis of nonionic surfactants with azole ring bearing N-glycosides and their antibacterial activity

Six azoles with n-pentyl side chain 6-9, 11 and 12 were synthesized from n-hexanoic acid. Three N-glycosides namely: 5-pentyl-2-(D-amino arabinoside)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (13), 5-pentyl-2-(D- aminoglycoside)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (14), and 3-pentyl-4-(D-amino xyloside)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol (15) were prepared from already synthesized n-pentyl azoles 6, 7 and 11, respectively. Surface activ- ity properties of water soluble synthesized compounds 6, 7, and 11-15 were studied in terms of sur- face tension, cloud point and critical micelle concentration. The antibacterial activities were assessed using the paper disk diffusion and broth dilution methods against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Some of the synthetic compounds showed promising activity against micro- organisms under test in comparison to commercially available antibiotics polymixine and oxytetra- cycline. a 2013 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University.
Parametric Statistical Inference

PART 1: MODEL BUILDING PART 2: INFERENCE PART 3: APPROXIMATIONS PART 4: DECISIONS PART 5: EXAMPLES PART 6: APPENDICES
PROTECTING TRAVELERS AGAINST INFECTIONS : IMMUNIZATIONS AND OTHER PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES

“Frequent fliers” planning a trip abroad often seek advice from their primary care physician about a wide range of issues, including altitude sickness, jet lag, and accidents and injuries away from home. But perhaps the most challenging and worrisome aspect of international travel is infectious disease, ranging from Montezuma's revenge to malaria. To assist physicians in preparing patients for international travel, Dr Blair discusses immunizations and other preventive strategies for common travel-related infections and provides a list of resources for up-to-date travel medicine information.
Synthesis and biological properties of C12,13-cyclopropylepothilone A and related epothilones

Abstract Background: The epothilones are natural substances that are potently cytotoxic, having an almost identical mode of action to Taxol TM as tubulin-polymerization abd microtubule-stabilizing agents. The development of detailed structure-activity relationships for these compounds and the further elucidation of their mechanism of action is of high priority. Results: The chemical synthesis of the C12,13-cyclopropyl analog of epothilone A and its C12,13- trans -diastereoisomer has been accomplished. These compounds and several other epothilone analogs have been screened for their ability to induce tubulin polymerization and death of a number of tumor cells. Several interesting structure-activity trends within this family of compounds were identified. Conclusions: The results of the biological tests conducted in this study have demonstrated that, although a number of positions on the epothilone skeleton are amenable to modification without significant loss of biological activity, the replacement of the epoxide moiety of epothilone A with a cyclopropyl group leads to total loss of activity.
Toward a comprehensive theory of problematic Internet use: Evaluating the role of self-esteem, anxiety, flow, and the self-rated importance of Internet activities

Problematic Internet use (PIU) has long been a matter of public concern. Study 1 examined the correlates of a well-validated measure of Internet addiction [Young, K. S. (1998). Caught in the net. New York: John Wiley and Sons] with 315 students (39% male). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that low self-esteem, unrealistic optimism, and the importance of 7-positive activities (I7PA) all contributed to the prediction of PIU. The inclusion of controls for aspects of Internet uses and demographic characters showed a clear distinction between PIU and frequent Internet use. Subjects who anticipated that negative outcomes were more likely to happen to them than to peers were none-the-less more likely to engage in PIU. The more important positive activities were, the greater the PIU. SEM model suggested that unrealistic optimism was best treated as part of PIU and that low self-esteem and the I7PA were the powerful predictors of PIU. Study 2 tested SEM models of psychosocial characteristics with 279 students (48% male). Anxiety and flow were added as predictors and the felt safety for social contacts was added to Global PIU following Caplan [Caplan, S. E. (2002). Problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being: Development of a theory-based cognitive-behavioral measurement instrument. Computers in Human Behavior, 18, 553-575]. The more complex model provided excellent fit and showed that low self-esteem, anxiety, and the I7PA were positively related to PIU. The relationship both of flow and sensation-seeking was mediated by the 17PA. Research on the topic has been relatively atheoretical. We propose a theoretical template to guide future research on PIU.
Natal dispersal in Belding's ground squirrels ( Spermophilus beldingi )

Dispersal from the natal site was documented in two populations of Belding's ground squirrels (Spermophilus beldingi) living at different altitudes in the Sierra Nevada of North America. Distance dispersed and age at dispersal were monitored by a combination of observation, trapping, radio telemetry, and examination of road kills. Dispersal was sexually dimorphic in both populations (Tables 1 and 2). All surviving males emigrated before they were 55 weeks of age, with most dispersing midway through the juvenile summer (Fig. 1). By contrast, most females remained within the boundaries of their mothers' home range (Fig. 2 and 3). Those very few females that did emigrate moved distances from their natal burrows similar to those travelled by dispersing males (200–450 m; Table 2), but females tended to disperse at a slightly older age. Significant differences between the study populations were found in distances moved by juveniles of both sexes (Fig. 2). Body weights of juvenile male dispersers were significantly greater than were those of juvenile males of equivilent ages that had not yet dispersed (Fig. 4). The results were considered in light of Shields' (1982) discussion of dispersal and inbreeding. I concluded that if dispersal is related to reproductive success, then dispersal distances selected for use in tests of evolutionary hypotheses should be measured just prior to the subject animals' first reproduction. Finally, although not tested in the present study, the evolutionary hypothesis most consistent with my data suggests that dispersal in S. beldingi may function to minimize nuclear family incest.
Store-operated Ca2+ Entry Is Suppressed During Mitosis Due To Phosphorylation Of The Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Sensor Stim1

When ER Ca2+ stores are depleted due to physiological Ca2+ release or pharmacological perturbation, Ca2+ influx via plasma membrane Ca2+ channels is activated by a process known as store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). The current associated with SOCE is Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ current (Icrac). SOCE involves Orai Ca2+ influx channels and STIM ER Ca2+ sensors. When ER Ca2+ stores are full, STIM1 is localized throughout the ER membrane; however, ER Ca2+ store depletion induces rearrangement of STIM1 into punctate structures near the plasma membrane where it activates Orai channels. Interestingly, mitosis is the only known physiological situation in which Ca2+ store depletion is dissociated from SOCE or Icrac activation. Identification of the molecular components of the SOCE signaling pathway has facilitated analysis of the mechanism underlying mitotic SOCE suppression. We found that in mitotic HeLa cells, an enhanced yellow fluorescent protein-tagged STIM1 (eYFP-STIM1) did not rearrange into puncta in response to Ca2+ store depletion and accordingly, SOCE was not activated. We hypothesized that mitosis-specific phosphorylation of STIM1 may underlie the block of STIM1 rearrangement and SOCE suppression. To this end, the phospho-specific MPM-2 antibody recognized eYFP-STIM1 immunoprecipitated from mitotic but not interphase cells. MPM-2 recognizes phosphorylated serine or threonine followed by proline, and human STIM1 contains 10 instances of S/T-P, all located in the cytoplasmic, C-terminus. STIM1 truncation mutants indicate that at least 2 sites within the C-terminus account for the mitosis-specific phosphorylation. Individual phosphorylation site mutants are being created to identify specific phosphorylated residues and to determine the functional consequences of phosphorylation during mitosis. Suppression of SOCE during mitosis may be an important signaling event, because mitotic processes such as chromosome separation and cytokinesis are exquisitely sensitive to small changes in cytoplasmic Ca2+.
Lindane Inhibition of Gap Junctional Communication in Myometrial Myocytes Is Partially Dependent on Phosphoinositide-Generated Second Messengers

Abstract The ability of environmental contaminants to modulate gap junctional communication between uterine smooth muscle cells is generally unknown, despite recognition that myometrial gap junctions may play a role in synchronizing uterine contractions during parturition. The present study tested the hypothesis that the organochlorine pesticide lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) inhibits gap junctional communication in myometrial myocytes due to the release of phosphoinositide-dependent second messengers. The effect on gap junctional communication by lindane was tested in cultured rat myometrial smooth muscle cells by monitoring transfer of the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow. A rapid, concentration-dependent, but reversible inhibition of dye transfer was noted with 4-min exposures, and inhibition was complete with 10 μM lindane. Lindane also stimulated the production of the Ca 2+ -releasing species inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate which peaked at 5 min (100 pmol/mg protein) and remained elevated after a 15-min exposure. To examine the possible inhibitory role of Ca 2+ on gap junctions, the Ca 2+ ionophore 4-br-A23187 was used. Although A23187 also inhibited gap junctional communication, inhibition was not complete even at concentrations that appeared cytotoxic (70% inhibition at 2 μM A23187). Cells were then loaded with the Ca 2+ chelator BAPTA-AM, which blocked the lindane-induced rise in calcium, and dye transfer experiments with lindane were repeated in Ca 2+ -free medium. Inhibition of dye transfer was still complete under these conditions, showing that increased intracellular calcium was not required for lindane-induced inhibition of gap junctional communication. Subsequently, 10 μM lindane was shown to produce a sustained increase in protein kinase C (PKC) activity (31, 17, and 15 pmol of PKC peptide phosphorylated/min/mg protein for 2-, 5-, and 10-min exposures, respectively). Known activators of PKC, 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) and 1,2-dioctanoyl- sn -glycerol, abolished gap junctional communication at nanomolar concentrations. Although use of the PKC inhibitor staurosporine failed to reverse lindane′s inhibitory action, depletion of PKC activity through prolonged exposure to TPA partially reversed lindane′s effect. This suggests that PKC activation potentiates but does not solely mediate lindane′s inhibitory action on gap junctional communication.
The rate of error growth in Hamiltonian-conserving integrators

In this note, we consider numerical methods for a class of Hamiltonian systems that preserve the Hamiltonian. We show that the rate of growth of error is at most linear in time when such methods are applied to problems with period uniquely determined by the value of the Hamiltonian. This contrasts to generic numerical schemes, for which the rate of error growth is superlinear. Asymptotically, the rate of error growth for symplectic schemes is also linear. Hence, Hamiltonian-conserving schemes are competitive with symplectic schemes in this respect. The theory is illustrated with a computation performed on Kepler's problem for the interaction of two bodies.
Consideration of the social context of auditors’ reliance on expert system output during evaluation of loan loss reserves

Auditors are accountable for judgments made within the social context of the accounting firm. Tetlock (1985) states that decision makers often use the acceptability heuristic to cope with accountability. According to this heuristic, individuals make decisions which they are reasonably confident will be acceptable by others to whom they are accountable. When auditors form judgments with the aid of expert system output, they must determine the appropriate level of reliance on the expert system output. Since the expert system output is based on the input of experts, auditors may decide the output is ‘acceptable‘ and overrely on the output. In addition, because of the conservative nature of the accounting firm, expert system output which is negative may be viewed as more acceptable than positive output leading to greater overreliance. The results indicate that auditors do overrely on expert system output and rely to a greater degree on output which is negative versus output which is positive. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.