cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mystery God and Olympian God

That man's social instincts and emotions have been intimately bound up with his religious emotions and ideas is, happily, in no danger of being forgotten. Through the cumulative impact of many motives, we are learning to look to man's social experience for such insight as the analysis of individual experience seemed not to afford. Thus far, the most striking instance of this—at least in the popular mind—is in the domain of morals. Conscience, when viewed as the possession and experience of the individual alone, has every appearance of something sacred and imperious, absolute and inexplicable. But once let conscience be put into the crucible of anthropology and social psychology, and its mysteriousness and absoluteness seem to have vanished. We see its function and we comprehend its genesis. It is simply the echo within the individual of the past experience of the race, an inherited instinct, which has a definite survival value in the struggle for existence. It would hardly be fair to say that every question about the meaning and worth of conscience is forthwith settled. Concerning the ultimate inferences to be drawn from the undoubted fact that conscience has had a history within man's social experience, there is much which may easily escape us in our first enthusiasm for the concepts of history, development, and social experience.
The effects of monensin on amino acid catabolizing bacteria isolated from the Boer goat rumen

When ruminants consume feed, as much as half of the amino acid nitrogen can be lost due to microbial degradation in the rumen. Hyper ammonia-producing bacteria (HAB) are primarily responsible for amino acid loss in sheep and cattle, and ionophores (e.g. monensin) are used to inhibit the HAB. Ionophores are sometimes included in the diets of meat goats, but the effects on caprine HAB have not been investigated. Five amino acid catabolizing bacteria were isolated from the rumina of Boer goats, which were consuming a supplement that contained monensin. Two of the isolates were most closely related to the bovine HAB, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, but the other three were more closely related to Peptoniphilus indolicus. When the isolates were exposed to monensin, intracellular potassium was lost, and ammonia production was inhibited. However, the P. indolicus-like isolates demonstrated a greater capacity to overcome this inhibition in growth experiments. These results indicate that the monensin sensitivity of these bacteria can be variable, even when previous exposure to monensin occurred in the rumen environment.
Blind recognition of retransmitted packets for HARQ system

A simple approach to blindly detect the status of incoming packets (new or retransmitted), in a type-II selective repeat HARQ scheme is presented. Performance results are given showing that the approach is not only able to recognize new from retransmitted packets but also to properly associate retransmitted ones to already stored ones in the receiver, in order to improve the decoding process. Results are given for Rayleigh channel and turbo-codes. Such method could then save signaling in any systems using HARQ transmission.
Utility of levetiracetam in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage

Abstract Purpose To determine the utility and tolerability of levetiracetam (LEV) compared to phenytoin (PHT) in preventing clinical seizures in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Methods Utility and tolerability of PHT and LEV in patients with SAH were determined by the occurrence of breakthrough clinical seizures or adverse events necessitating a change of medication. Comparisons were performed with Chi-square tests. Results All 176 patients were initially treated with PHT. No breakthrough clinical seizures occurred. In 70 (39.8%) patients, PHT was replaced with LEV due to adverse events including elevation of transaminases, thrombocytopenia, unexplained fever, rash, gastrointestinal disturbance, and worsening mental status. After switching to LEV, all adverse effects resolved except gastrointestinal disturbance and worsening mental status in 4 patients. Adverse events occurred more often in patients taking PHT. Conclusions In patients with SAH, LEV appears to have superior tolerability compared to PHT.
Atrial natriuretic peptide attenuates LPS-induced lung vascular leak: role of PAK1.

Increased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the models of sepsis, pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) suggest its potential role in the modulation of acute lung injury. We have recently described ANP-protective effects against thrombin-induced barrier dysfunction in pulmonary endothelial cells (EC). The current study examined involvement of the Rac effector p21-activated kinase (PAK1) in ANP-protective effects in the model of lung vascular permeability induced by bacterial wall LPS. C57BL/6J mice or ANP knockout mice (Nppa−/−) were treated with LPS (0.63 mg/kg intratracheal) with or without ANP (2 μg/kg iv). Lung injury was monitored by measurements of bronchoalveolar lavage protein content, cell count, Evans blue extravasation, and lung histology. Endothelial barrier properties were assessed by morphological analysis and measurements of transendothelial electrical resistance. ANP treatment stimulated Rac-dependent PAK1 phosphorylation, attenuated endothelial permeability caused by LPS, TNF-α, and IL-6, decreased LPS-induced cell and protein accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and suppressed Evans blue extravasation in the murine model of acute lung injury. More severe LPS-induced lung injury and vascular leak were observed in ANP knockout mice. In rescue experiments, ANP injection significantly reduced lung injury in Nppa−/− mice caused by LPS. Molecular inhibition of PAK1 suppressed the protective effects of ANP treatment against LPS-induced lung injury and endothelial barrier dysfunction. This study shows that the protective effects of ANP against LPS-induced vascular leak are mediated at least in part by PAK1-dependent signaling leading to EC barrier enhancement. Our data suggest a direct role for ANP in endothelial barrier regulation via modulation of small GTPase signaling.
SiO2 Nanorod Thin Film Encapsulated by Al2O3 with Atomic Layer Deposition and its Optical Application

Low refractive index materials such as SiO2 nanorods or nanoporous SiO2 (np-SiO2) and MgF2 have been attractive for use in various types of optical coatings. Due to the high porosity of the films, however, the material properties of these films are unstable. This phenomenon is confirmed in dry versus humid ambient where both the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and refractive index change dramatically. We report here that the properties of np-SiO2 can be stabilized by depositing a cap layer of Al2O3 using atomic layer deposition (ALD) on top. This stabilizing ability is demonstrated successfully for single layer and distributed Bragg reflectors (DBR). With this method, one can pattern nanoporous sensors so that some regions are stable for packaging while others are exposed to show enhanced interactions with environment for sensing.
Pattern of uric acid excretion after intravenous administration of hydrochlorothiazide

Abstract 1. 1. The sequential events of water, electrolyte and uric acid excretion are presented in eight normal subjects, seven hypertensive patients, four patients with advanced renal impairment and seven patients with gouty arthritis, following intravenous injection of 50 mg. of hydrochlorothiazide. 2. 2. There was an immediate and sustained increase in urine flow, sodium and potassium excretion as well as osmolal clearance. On the other hand, there was no significant change in glomerular filtration rate. 3. 3. Free water clearance was quite variable and appeared dependent on the electrolyte concentration of the hydrating solution. 4. 4. Uric acid clearance decreased in normal subjects as well as those with hypertension, renal disease and gouty arthritis. The depression of uric acid clearance occurred at a time when the diuretic and electrolyte effects were still increased. The serum uric acid did not increase in these acute studies. 5. 5. Symptoms of gouty arthritis appeared in two hypertensive patients following prolonged administration of hydrochlorothiazide. However, continuation of hydrochlorothiazide therapy was possible with the concomitant exhibition of uricosuric agents.
Cold-tolerance of hatchling painted turtles (Chrysemys picta bellii) from the Southern limit of distribution

Painted turtles (Chrysemys picta) have a natural history unlike that of other chelonians from the northern United States and southern Canada. Although neonates of other freshwater turtles usually emerge from their subterranean nests in late summer or autumn and move to nearby marshes, lakes, or streams to spend their first winter, hatchling painted turtles typically remain inside their shallow (8-14 cm) nests throughout their first winter and do not emerge above ground until the following spring (Ernst et al., 1994). This behavior commonly causes neonatal painted turtles from Nebraska (Packard, 1997; Packard et al., 1997a), northern Illinois (Weisrock and Janzen, 1999), and New Jersey (DePari, 1996) northward to the limit of distribution in southern Canada (Storey et al., 1988)
Authorship and Love

This early essay from German media theorist Friedrich Kittler examines a number of epistemic shifts occurring in late 18th-century Germany, anticipating in both methodology and content his groundbreaking 1985 work Aufschreibesysteme [Discourse Networks]. Of primary concern to Kittler here is the invention of what he calls (drawing upon Foucault) the ‘authorship-function’, product of a new constellation of medial, pedagogical and juridical forces. Alongside broader societal transformations (the transition from societies of the law to societies of the norm, the appearance of new sexualities), Kittler documents the emergence of the author in the late 18th century through analyses of new pedagogical practices (including the invention of hermeneutics), changes in childhood alphabetization, and new erotic relationships between authors and their readers.
Stability of hydrous phases in subducting oceanic crust

Experiments in the basalt-H2O system at 600–950°C and 0.8–3.0 GPa, demonstrate that breakdown of amphibole represents the final dehydration of subducting oceanic tholeiite at T≥650°C; the dehydration H2O occurs as a free fluid or in silicate melt co-existing with an anhydrous eclogite assemblage. In contrast, about 0.5 wt% of H2O is stored in lawsonite at 600°C, 3.0 GPa. Our results suggest that slab melting occurs at depths shallower than 60 km for subducting young oceanic crust; along a subduction zone with an average thermal gradient higher than 7°C/km, H2O stored in hydrated low-potassium, metabasaltic layers cannot be subducted to depths greater than 100 km, then released to generate arc magma.
Oxidation of silicon implanted with high-dose aluminum

Si(100) wafers were implanted with Al at 500 C to high doses at multi-energies and were oxidized in 1 atm flowing oxygen at 1000-1200 C. Morphology, structure, and oxidation behavior of the implanted and oxidized Si were studied using optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with selected area electron diffraction and energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Large Al precipitates were formed and embedded near the surface region of the implanted Si. Oxidation rate of the Al-implanted Si wafers was lower than that of virgin Si. The unique morphology of the implanted Si results from rpaid Al diffusion and segregation promoted by hot implantation. Reduction of the oxidation rate of Si by Al implantation is attributed to preferential oxidation of Al and formation of a continuous diffusion barrier of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}.
In vitro fermentation vessel type and method alter fiber digestibility estimates

Selected vessel types and conditions used for in vitro fermentation were compared to evaluate their effects on determinations of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility (NDFD) in 2 replicate 48-h fermentations. Treatments included 50-mL polyethylene centrifuge tubes with gas-release valves (treatment 1); 50-mL polyethylene centrifuge tubes with continuous gassing with CO2 (treatment 2); 50-mL polyethylene centrifuge tubes sealed, oriented horizontally, and shaken continuously parallel to the long axis of the tube, with manual gas release (treatment 3); 125-mL Erlenmeyer flasks with continuous gassing with CO2 (treatment 4); and 125-mL serum vials sealed with stoppers and crimp seals with (treatment 5) or without (treatment 6) manual gas release. Goering and Van Soest medium and blended ruminal inoculum from 4 lactating cows were used. Substrates were alfalfa hay, corn silage, ryegrass hay, and soyhulls. Gas was released and measured in treatments 3 and 6 at 3.0, 5.5, 9.0, 11.5, 23.5, 29.5, and 47.5 h by using a syringe with a hypodermic needle. Vessels from each treatment were harvested at 0, 6, 12, 24, 30, and 48 h for NDF analysis, with NDFD calculated as 1 - [(residual NDF, g - residual NDF in fermentation blank, g)/sample NDF, g]. Medium pH did not decline below 6.3 for any treatment. Average values for NDFD for 24 through 48 h were 0.576, 0.639, 0.688, 0.668, 0.679, and 0.681 for treatments 1 through 6, respectively (standard error of the difference = 0.008). The lowest NDFD was noted for treatment 1, which differed from all other treatments; treatments 3, 4, 5, and 6 did not differ by treatment or by the interaction of treatment and substrate. Treatments 1 and 2 gave lower NDFD values than the other treatments, but these differences were not consistent and differed by substrate, with alfalfa showing the fewest differences among treatments and soyhulls the most. Net energy of lactation values for substrates, as predicted from differences in 48-h NDFD, were 7 to 15% lower for treatment 1 than for the average of all other treatments. Slopes of the gas production per gram of substrate dry matter curves differed between treatments 3 and 5. In conclusion, measured NDFD was altered by fermentation treatment, with polyethylene tubes + gas-release valves giving the lowest values. Consequently, NDFD values may not be comparable across fermentation methods, but the effect will vary among feedstuffs. The combination of methods used for sealing, gassing, or agitating vessels may have a greater impact on NDFD than does vessel type.
Hopfield/ART-1 neural network-based fault detection and isolation

A new approach to detect and isolate faults in linear dynamic systems is proposed. System parameters are estimated by Hopfield type neural network, while the system is in certain operating mode. When the system dynamics changes, estimated parameters go through a transition period and this period is used to detect faults. These estimates, however, are not reliable enough to be used for isolating faults. The judgment on the instance at which the estimates move out of the transition zone is made through a set of statistical tests performed on the residuals in a moving window. Once the system is out of the transition zone and settles to a new operating level, the estimated parameters are classified using an ART-1 based neural network. The proposed scheme is implemented to detect and isolate faults in a position servo system. >
Range and DOA estimation of polarized near-field signals using fourth-order statistics

An enhanced technique for estimating the range and direction-of-arrival (DOA) of narrowband near-field sources is presented. This technique utilizes fourth-order cumulants of the received signal across an array of two orthogonally polarized sensors. It is shown that the incorporation of the source polarization in an ESPRIT-based angle and range estimation technique provides improved performance over the case where the polarization information is absent in the problem formulation.
Video-aware opportunistic network coding over wireless networks

In this paper, we study video streaming over wireless networks with network coding capabilities. We build upon recent work, which demonstrated that network coding can increase throughput over a broadcast medium, by mixing packets from different flows into a single packet, thus increasing the information content per transmission. Our key insight is that, when the transmitted flows are video streams, network codes should be selected so as to maximize not only the network throughput but also the video quality. We propose video-aware opportunistic network coding schemes that take into account both the decodability of network codes by several receivers and the importance and deadlines of video packets. Simulation results show that our schemes significantly improve both video quality and throughput. This work is a first step towards content-aware network coding.
Semiconductor nanomembranes for integrated and flexible photonics

Crystalline semiconductor nanomembranes (NMs), which are transferable, stackable, bondable and manufacturable, offer unprecedented opportunities for unique and novel device applications. We review here nanophotonic devices based on stacked semiconductor NMs on Si, glass and flexible PET substrates. Photonic crystal Fano resonance-based surface-normal optical filters and broadband reflectors have been demonstrated with unique angle and polarization properties. Flexible photodetectors and solar cells have also been developed based on the NM stacking processes. Such NM stacking process can lead to a paradigm shift on silicon photonic integration and hybrid organic/inorganic flexible photonics.
The chemistry of subduction-zone fluids

Abstract Subduction zones generate voluminous magma and mediate global element cycling. Fluids are essential to this activity, yet their behavior is perhaps the most poorly understood aspect of the subduction process. Though many volatile components are subducted, H2O is the most abundant, is preferentially fractionated into the fluid phase, and, among terrestrial volatiles, is by far the most effective solvent. H2O therefore controls the chemical properties of subduction-zone fluids. Rising pressure (P) and temperature (T) along subduction paths yield increased H2O ionization, which enhances dissolved solute concentrations. Under appropriate conditions, silicate solubilities may become so high that there is complete miscibility between hydrous melts and dilute aqueous solutions. Miscible fluids of intermediate composition (e.g., 50% silicate, 50% H2O) are commonly invoked as material-transport agents in subduction zones; however, phase relations pose problems for their existence over significant length scales in the mantle. Nevertheless, this behavior provides a key clue pointing to the importance of polymerization of alkali aluminosilicate components in deep fluids. Aqueous aluminosilicate polymers may enhance solubility of important elements even in H2O-rich fluids. Subduction-zone fluids may be surprisingly dilute, having only two to three times the total dissolved solids (TDS) of seawater. Silica and alkalis are the dominant solutes, with significant Al and Ca and low Mg and Fe, consistent with a role for aqueous aluminosilicate polymers. Trace-element patterns of fluids carrying only dissolved silicate components are similar to those of primitive island-arc basalts, implying that reactive flow of H2O-rich, Cl-poor, alkali-aluminosilicate-bearing fluid is fundamental to element transport in the mantle wedge. Better understanding of the interaction of this fluid with the mantle wedge requires quantitative reaction-flow modeling, but further studies are required to achieve this goal.
Retinogeniculate synaptic properties controlling spike number and timing in relay neurons.

Retinal ganglion cells (RGC) transmit visual signals to thalamocortical relay neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus via retinogeniculate synapses. Relay neuron spike patterns do not simply refl...
Hard-soldered InGaAsP single-emitter diode lasers on CTE-matched heatsinks deliver record power

Applications such as direct pumping of rare-earth doped solid state and fiber lasers are driving development of higher power commercial diode lasers operating in the 1400 -nm to 2000 -nm band. In this work, we report on recent progress in high-power hard-soldered InGaAsP-based single emitter diode lasers. Peak continuous wave (CW) powers of 4 W, 2.3 W, and 1.4 W are measured at 25 degC for lasers operating at 1470 nm, 1700 nm, and 1940 nm, respectively. Quasi-continuous wave (QCW) power at 1700 -nm in excess of >10 W (peak) is reported from a single 150 -mum stripe emitter and >150W (peak) in a 16 emitter array configuration.
Aphidius ervi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Increases Its Adult Size by Disrupting Host Wing Development

The parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi (Haliday) disrupts formation of wings by its host, the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). Because apterous aphids are larger than alates, we hypothesized that blocking wing formation leads to larger parasitoids emerging from apterous hosts. In an initial experiment, we found that parasitoid larvae could not always prevent host wing formation when the parasitoid began development in fourth instar hosts, allowing us to experimentally test the hypothesis. Both male and female parasitoids emerging from hosts that did not develop wings were heavier than those emerging from alate hosts. Parasitoids emerging from apterous mummies also had significantly longer thoraxes. For insect parasitoids, increasing size has been positively correlated with several measures of fitness. Thus, A. ervi likely gains a fitness advantage by disrupting host wing development.
Organ Donation: Psychiatric, Social, and Ethical Considerations

The authors examine the issue of solid cadaveric and living organ donation, taking into account the psychological, legal, and ethical issues of donating an organ. Future recommendations for increasing organ donations are made.
Psychosocial Aspects of Orbitofacial Disfigurement in Cancer Patients

The idea of an attractive face is socially constructed through interaction. The face is a fundamental element in the definition of identity and behavior, and individuals endowed with an attractive face are treated better than others. Accordingly, orbitofacial cancer survivors who are disfigured because of their cancer or cancer treatment suffer from stigmatization and social exclusion. Patients with acquired facial disfigurement suffer more serious psychosocial consequences than do individuals with congenital facial disfigurement. However, among patients with acquired facial disfigurement, cancer patients experience less severe social and psychological problems than do trauma patients. With time, as patients’ fear of dying of cancer diminishes, the process of dealing with facial disfigurement begins and affects both patients and their family members. Active forms of coping generate better results than do passive coping strategies. Women with facial disfigurement tend to report more stress than men, and partners may experience more stress than patients. Interaction with acquaintances and strangers originates different levels of stigmatization in different social settings. Because facial disfigurement will continue to occur as a result of successful treatment of cancer, surgeons should be educated regarding the psychosocial consequences of facial disfigurement, and the roles that partners and other social actors play in social interaction and stigmatization should be considered in the formulation of protocols.
Oral tofacitinib for the treatment of adults with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis

ABSTRACTNew treatments for psoriasis have been developed based on increasing knowledge of the underlying pathogenesis of the disease. The development of very safe and highly effective biologics has revolutionized the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Biologics are not perfect, however, as they are delivered parenterally, immunogenic, and costly. Small molecule agents, with molecular weights of less than 1 kDa, are being developed and hold the advantage of being administered orally. Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor that has been developed to disrupt the aberrant JAK-STAT pathway that contributes to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Phase II and Phase III clinical trial results for tofacitinib are encouraging, demonstrating substantial efficacy and satisfactory safety in the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis. An effective oral treatment without the organ toxicities of methotrexate and cyclosporine, tofacitinib is a promising alternative to biologics in...
Regulation of stanniocalcin in MDCK cells by hypertonicity and extracellular calcium.

Differential display RT-PCR cloning method was applied to poly(A)+ RNA isolated from Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells in isotonic or hypertonic medium. A differentially expressed 360-bp PCR f...
Effects of Precision of Knowledge of Results on Acquisition and Retention of a Simple Motor Skill

Sammmy.-The direct relation of response accuracy and precision of knowledge of results was re-examined for a linear discrete-positioning task. Analysis of absolute errors confirmed that the levels of response accuracy produced as a function of precision of knowledge of results during acquisition were sustained throughout retention test trials. A study by Trowbridge and Cason (1932) which demonstrated a direct relation between precision of knowledge of results and accuracy of response during acquisition of a simple motor skill, was replicated for two reasons. First, the generalization of Trowbridge and Cason's result to all levels of precision of knowledge of results (Rogers, 1974) and across age groups (Newell & Kennedy, 1978) has been challenged. Second, the original study did not include a retention test in which all subjects transfer to a protocol requiring a series of trials to be completed without the benefit of knowledge of results. Without this test conclusions are restricted to the effect precise knowledge of results has on acquisition, leaving questions unanswered about the effect on learning. Forty right-hand dominant university students (mean age = 20.4 yr.), volunteered to complete 30 acquisition and 30 retention test trials on a linear-positioning apparatus. On a single trial, the slide was moved to a target area 3 cm wide and centered 50 cm from the starting position of the movement. Knowledge of results, if appropriate, was provided at the beginning of a 15-sec. inter-trial interval during acquisition. No knowledge of results was given to any subject during the retention test trials. Subjects were randomly assigned to a control group who were not provided knowledge of results, another group given a quantitative knowledge of results which included both the magnitude and direction of errors to the nearest millimeter, a qualitative group who were informed correct or wrong if the movement terminated inside and outside the target area, respectively, and a group given irrelevant knowledge. A subject in this last group was yoked to a subject in the group who received quantitative knowledge of results and was given errors produced by that individual throughout acquisition. Absolute errors were grouped into five blocks of six trials for acquisition and retention test trials and separately analyzed. The mean absolute errors for all G trial blocks in acquisition and retention are presented in Table 1. A simple analysis of main effects was conducted to clarify a significant interaction of precision of knowledge of results groups by trial block (PE.IBL) = 5.19, fi < .05). This additional test showed a significant reduction in absolute errors by the groups receiving qualitative and quantitative knowledge of results. There was no change in absolute errors over blocks of trials by the control group and the one given irrelevant knowledge of results. At trial Blocks 5 and G of acquisition, all four groups differed significantly from each other; the group receiving quantita
25+ Observations Over 25+ Years for Surviving and Thriving in the Dietary Supplement Quality Control and/or Perception Versus Reality World

“Vitamin E is dangerous!” “Herbal products have no evidence!” ______ does not treat or cure advanced cancer“? “Supplements don’t do anything, so don’t waste your money!” For almost 30 years I have watched not just patients, but especially some influential clinicians generalize, embellish, and misconstrue data on dietary supplements. This type of commentary just mirrors the lack of objective education in this area, does nothing to improve the clinician and patient relationship, and arguably sends countless individuals to less credible sources for information and misguided sales pitches (as it did through the years for many of my own family members). At the same time, I have watched many in the supplement industry embellish data and supplement efficacy and promote a “we vs. them” contentious milieu that only continues to confuse the public. Again, this acrimonious dichotomy or profound polarization does nothing for overall patient care [1].
79 ADIPOSE TISSUE MACROPHAGES EXPRESS HIGH LEVELS OF PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1 IN HUMANS AND ARE HIGHLY RESPONSIVE TO INCREASED FREE FATTY ACIDS.

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) levels are increased in obesity and the metabolic syndrome and heighten the risk of atherothrombotic disease. Since obesity is characterized by adipose tissue macrophage infiltration (JCI 112:1796 and 1821, 2003), we proposed that adipose macrophages might be an important source of circulating PAI-1. We therefore biopsied subcutaneous abdominal (SAT) and omental (OAT) adipose tissue in six nondiabetic elective surgery patients (4 F/2 M, age 33 ± 3 years, BMI 31.9 ± 1.5 kg/m2). Following collagenase digestion and adipocyte filtration, macrophages were separated from other stromal cells by CD14-coated Dynabeads (A80% recovery). Gene expression was quantified by real-time rt-PCR using plasmid standard curves. PAI-1 gene expression was A2-fold higher in SAT vs OAT (whole fat) and 4-fold higher in macrophages and stromal cells than in adipocytes. We previously showed that increasing free fatty acids (FFA) up to levels seen in obesity stimulated PAI-1 gene expression in adipose tissue. Therefore, we hypothesized that FFA have stimulatory effects on PAI-1 expression in adipose tissue macrophages. Subcutaneous abdominal fat was biopsied in 17 obese nondiabetic subjects (5 F/12 M, age 45 ± 4 years, BMI 30 ± 1 kg/m2) after 5-hour euglycemic (5mM) insulin (40 mU/m2.min) clamp studies, with infusion of saline (Sal) or Liposyn 20% (Lip). Increasing FFA to A800 mM for 5 hours induced 5-fold increases in whole adipose tissue PAI-1 gene expression (p
Research of Forecasting New Method for Dry Matter Accumulation of Crop in Solar Greenhouse

In this paper, a method combine neural network and crop growth model to forecast dry matter accumulation of crop in solar had been introduced. The method solves not only the disadvantages of experience model in interpretability and eurytopicity but also the shortage of mechanism model in being difficult to understand, excessive input parameters and unstable output. A neural network has been built, effective accumulated light intensity and effective accumulated temperatures as the input parameters, and dry matter accumulation as the output parameter of the neural network. Applying actual measuring data to train the structure of neural network, the relation of dry matter accumulation with effective accumulated light intensity and effective accumulated temperatures has been confirmed. Making the cucumber as the example, apply the method to forecast the dry matter accumulation. After comparing the forecast value with the measured value, we can see that the error rate less than 10%.
BaOGa2O3GeO2 glasses with enhanced properties

Abstract Varying substitutions of In2O3 for Ga2O3 in the BaOGa2O3GeO2 glasses were made and their effects on the glass transition temperature, density, hardness, chemical durability and the infrared transmission were studied. In2O3 substitution for Ga2O3, in general, resulted in improvement in the physical properties of these glasses. The glass transition temperature, density and hardness increased with the substitution. The chemical durability of these glasses improved with the substitutions and the infrared (IR) cut-off edge shifted to longer wavelengths. Phase separation was observed in compositions with higher In2O3 substitutions. The observed changes in physical properties and phase separation with In2O3 substitutions are explained on the basis of a structural model suggesting that octahedrally coordinated In3+ replaces tetrahedrally coordinated Ga3+ in the glass structure. The observed results are in good agreement with the model which also explains the phase separation observed at higher In2O3 substitutions.
WE-AB-207A-06: Progressive Dose Control for Cone Beam CT with Deformation Assisted Temporal Nonlocal Means Method

Purpose: To reduce cone beam CT (CBCT) imaging dose, we previously proposed a progressive dose control (PDC) scheme to employ temporal correlation between CBCT images at different fractions for image quality enhancement. A temporal non-local means (TNLM) method was developed to enhance quality of a new low-dose CBCT using existing high-quality CBCT. To enhance a voxel value, the TNLM method searches for similar voxels in a window. Due to patient deformation among the two CBCTs, a large searching window was required, reducing image quality and computational efficiency. This abstract proposes a deformation-assisted TNLM (DA-TNLM) method to solve this problem. Methods: For a low-dose CBCT to be enhanced using a high-quality CBCT, we first performed deformable image registration between the low-dose CBCT and the high-quality CBCT to approximately establish voxel correspondence between the two. A searching window for a voxel was then set based on the deformation vector field. Specifically, the search window for each voxel was shifted by the deformation vector. A TNLM step was then applied using only voxels within this determined window to correct image intensity at the low-dose CBCT. Results: We have tested the proposed scheme on simulated CIRS phantom data and real patient data. The CITS phantom was scanned on Varian onboard imaging CBCT system with coach shifting and dose reducing for each time. The real patient data was acquired in four fractions with dose reduced from standard CBCT dose to 12.5% of standard dose. It was found that the DA-TNLM method can reduce total dose by over 75% on average in the first four fractions. Conclusion: We have developed a PDC scheme which can enhance the quality of image scanned at low dose using a DA-TNLM method. Tests in phantom and patient studies demonstrated promising results.
Unsteady Shear Flows of Viscoelastic Liquids Driven by Periodic Forcing

Nearly viscometric flows of viscoelastic liquids represented by integral fluids with fading memory are investigated. Oscillatory shear fields are imposed from the boundary and through pressure gradient oscillations and are superposed onto pure shear. The fluid exhibits flow enhancement effects, independent of the explicit form of the constitutive functions, due to its nonlinear internal structure. Closed form expressions for the change in the mass transport rate are given at the lowest significant order in the perturbation algorithm. It is shown that the interaction of oscillatory shear fields may generate a resonance effect, a sharp increase in the flow rate either longitudinal or orthogonal and independent of the mean pressure gradient, if certain frequency conditions are met. A method to determine the constitutive functions embedded in the internal structure is outlined.
Consumer Adoption of Cloud Computing Service: An Exploratory Study

Although software and computing process have long been regarded as products among consumers (Armbrust et al., 2010; Skiba, 2011), the advancement of technologies (e.g., high-speed internet) and infrastructures leads to the notion that software and computing can be delivered as a type of service through an innovative technology called cloud computing. Cloud Computing Service (CCS) delivers applications and processing as services via the Internet, while the software and data are stored on servers at a remote location (Armbrust et al., 2010). In other words, under the context of CCS, software and computing process have become a utility such as electricity and water. Advantages of CCS include reduced investment in hardware and software, immediately elevated performance, etc. CCS is believed to be a billion dollar market and growing (Buyya, Yeo, Venugopal, Broberg, & Brandic, 2009). Nevertheless, CCS will reshape the way in which consumers perceive software and computing process (Armbrust et al., 2010) and make purchase decisions. How the notion of CCS diffuses among individual consumers remains unexplored.
Filtering of Neural Signals for Mental Control of Robotic Prosthetic Devices

We discuss the problem of "decoding" intended hand motion from direct measurement of neurons in the motor cortex, for the purpose of driving a prosthetic device. By building probabilistic models and making use of nonlinear non-Gaussian filtering techniques, we are able to obtain estimates of intended hand motion, along with associated standard errors. We use a refinement of a previous state-of-the-art model, and demonstrate how the filtering approach works in analysis of multi-neuron recordings collected from a monkey carrying out a "center-out" task.
Phase II Study of Clofarabine and Cytosine Arabinoside in Adult Patients with Relapsed AML and in Elderly Patients with Untreated AML Who Are at High Risk of Anthracycline Toxicity.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of clofarabine, a novel deoxyadenosine analog, in adult patients with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia and in selected elderly patients with untreated AML and heart disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a phase II, open-label trial, 23 patients with de-novo AML, AML evolved from MDS or relapsed AML received a 5 day regimen consisting of clofarabine 40 mg/m2 intravenously over 1 hour followed within 4 hours by Ara-C 1000 mg/m2. The median age was 68 years (range 39–79 years). Fifteen (65%) had received at least one prior cytotoxic regimen (excluding 5-AZA). Significant cardiovascular disease (history of myocardial infarction, bypass grafting, cardiomyopathy) was present in 52% (12/23) prior to therapy. RESULTS: 22/23 received at least one cycle of therapy and 5 received 2 cycles. One early death was due to disease progression. Grade 4 neutropenia developed in all patients. There were no cases of regimen-related cardiac toxicity. Most patients had some degree of edema and third-spacing syndrome. Several developed a significant but reversible acral rash. 20 patients are evaluable for response. The histologic response rate (defined as marrow blasts <5%) is 60% (12/20) consisting of 10 (50%) complete remissions and 2 (10%) partial responses. Complete cytogenetic remissions occurred in 9 patients. Durable remissions and low toxicity allowed some patients to proceed to nonablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation. CONCLUSION: Clofarabine (40mg/m2) and Ara-C (1000mg/m2) x 5 days is an active and well tolerated regimen in myeloid malignancies including “elderly AML”—a distinct entity usually associated with poor response rate and high treatment-related toxicities. Other drug combinations with clofarabine are being explored for use in allogeneic transplant regimens and with other high-risk patient groups.
A Molecular Dynamics Study of Subsurface Hydrogen-Helium Bubbles in Tungsten

Fusion reactor materials experience high ion fluxes and operating temperatures, which will ultimately produce subsurface helium and hydrogen bubbles in the tungsten divertor that can cause surface ...
30 OXYGEN DEPRIVATION DOES NOT FURTHER AUGMENT MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL IN PHARMACOLOGICALLY TREATED FIBROBLASTS FOR USE IN SOMATIC CELL NUCLEAR TRANSFER.

Somatic cells commonly used in nuclear transfer primarily utilise the tricarboxylic acid cycle and cellular respiration for energy production. Comparatively, the metabolism of somatic cells contrasts that of cells within early embryos, which predominantly use glycolysis and exhibit Warburg Effect (WE)-like characteristics. We hypothesised that fibroblast cells can become more blastomere-like if driven either pharmacologically or by oxygen constraint and could result in improved in vitro embryonic development after somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The pharmaceuticals used (PS48 and CPI-613) should decrease mitochondrial use of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and promote the PI3K pathway, respectively. Furthermore, we hypothesised that oxygen constraint (1.3%) would hinder TCA cycle activity and promote glycolysis. The goal was to achieve a WE-like effect in donor cells before nuclear transfer (NT) by treating Day 35 porcine fetal fibroblasts with CPI-613 (100 µM), PS48 (10 µM), both drugs combined (MIX), or as controls (CON, 0 µM) for 7 days under stepwise oxygen constraint (OC; 1.3%) or under normal conditions (ON; 5%). Three biological replicates were collected and data were analysed for main effect of treatment via GLM procedure of SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). To determine if our treatments affected mitochondria respiratory capacity (thereby TCA cycle capability) within embryos, we measured mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) using JC-10, a biphasic cationic dye. Mitotracker green (MTG) was used to estimate mitochondrial quantity. The percentage of cells with low Δψm was increased (P = 0.02) with any CPI or MIX treatment (treatments ≥ 95%) compared with OC-PS48 and both control (ON and OC) treatments (treatments ≥ 77.4%), whereas ON-PS48 had an intermediate level (90.4%; error = 4.9%). Contrary to our prediction, MTG intensity was lower across all ON treatments compared with OC treatments (NO treatments ≤ 736 AU v. OC treatments ≥ 872 AU; error = 23 AU; P < 0.01). Regardless of oxygen level, controls and PS48 treatments yielded the highest percentages of viable cells (treatments ≥ 94%) and OC-CPI and NO-MIX the lowest (treatments ≤ 86%) with NO-CPI and OC-MIX being intermediate (treatments ≥ 90%; error = 3%; P < 0.01). Oxygen constraint did not promote a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential in pharmacologically treated fibroblasts. Additionally, intensity of MTG was increased in fibroblasts cultured under oxygen constraint compared with those cultured in 5% oxygen. Our results warrant further investigation of the mitochondrial changes occurring with oxygen deprivation in donor-cells. Experiments are underway to determine if gene expression in cells treated pharmacologically and with oxygen constraint are augmented, and whether these treatments will result in better development after SCNT. This study was funded by Food for the 21 st Century and NIH R01HD080636.
Feeling, Affect, Melancholy, Loss: Millais’s Autumn Leaves and the Siege of Sebastopol

John Millais’s Autumn Leaves (1856) has long been recognized as a painting that sets out to produce certain feelings in the spectator — feelings that are usually identified as very abstract ones of melancholy and loss. As such, it tends to be read either alongside contemporary poetry that seeks to evoke a similar response, or as a forerunner of the aesthetic turn of the 1860s. I examine first some of the general questions that surround the production of feeling and affect in relation to nineteenth-century painting, and argue for the importance of understanding aesthetically generated feeling in the context of the available vocabulary — both verbal and artistic — of its time. I acknowledge the importance of critical interpretations of Autumn Leaves that have been generated over the last couple of decades (especially in the work of Malcolm Warner, Jason Rosenfeld, and David Peters Corbett), and explore the grounds on which they are based. I expand the grounds on which we might consider this a work that depicts transience and transition, and that is, itself, stylistically transitional. But I consider it in a new light by reading it alongside other visual material that depicts the Crimean War, including paintings by Millais himself, John Dalbiac Luard, and Noel Paton; and I put it alongside contemporary photographs, especially those by James Fenton, which Luard drew to Millais’s attention. I also explore the importance of Autumn Leaves being painted in the Scottish town of Perth, which had many men involved in Crimean warfare. With a glance at Andrew Wyeth’s work, I look at the tension between explicit and implicit subject matter when it comes to representing feelings generated by the devastation of war, and argue that the melancholy evoked by Autumn Leaves may have its origins, at least in part, in the very specific circumstances in which it was not only painted, but in which it would initially have been viewed. By extension, this article is an argument for the necessity of understanding the historic specificity of feeling.
Los Macheteros y el rol de la prensa en la Lucha De Liberación Nacional en Puerto Rico

The following paper reviews the press coverage of the arrest, detention and prosecution of members of the clandestine Puerto Rican separatist group Los Macheteros. We emphasize the relevance of the independent press and political solidarity groups’ defiance of the official stance against the anticolonial armed movement and the mass media reproduction of the hegemonic discourse. Pointing the authorities’ interference with the right to freedom of the press. As well as pointing out the writter press value as a rich historical research reference.
Northrop Frye and R.S. Crane

This article explores the relationship between Northrop Frye and R.S. Crane, a connection resulting from their several contacts with each other in the 1950s, before the publication of Anatomy of Criticism. Frye was influenced by the neo-Aristotelian Crane, sometimes obliquely, and Crane was aware of the theoretical power of Frye as it had begun to emerge from four essays he had published in the Kenyon Review and the University of Toronto Quarterly. This article looks at what resulted from these two critics having rubbed up against each other.
A Critical Perspective on Nonprofit Accreditation

In this paper, we draw on a critical theory perspective to address the question, would a minimally invasive accreditation process be wise, possible, and credible? We do this by first providing an assessment of what we see as current oppressive structures that accreditation would likely affirm rather than challenge. Next, we present evidence from the literature on the consequences of accreditation. We suggest that although accreditation might be possible, it may not be wise or credible if we are concerned with preparing students for social change efforts. Finally, we present an alternative approach to thinking about and providing nonprofit management education.
Development of Mathematical Tools of a Module for Calculating Parameters of Blades in Cad/Cam System for Designing Sectional Axial Tools

The basic aspects of mathematical tools for developing a module for calculating parameters of blades of sectional axial tools are elucidated. The place of the module in the CAD/CAM system of designing sectional tools developed around graph models is determined. The main stages of CAD/CAM system operation are indicated. The results of operation of the module for designing sectional drill fitted with two detachable plates are reported.