cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Morphologic and biomechanical comparison of tendons used as free grafts

The palmaris longus (n = 10), plantaris (n = 11), and extensor digitorum longus (n = 10) tendons were harvested from cadaver limbs for morphologic and biomechanical comparisons. Eleven flexor digitorum profundus tendons from the index finger were also harvested for comparison of biomechanical properties of the free graft tendons with those of a typical digital flexor. Maximal tendon length, cross-sectional area, volume, stiffness, and modulus of elasticity were determined by measurement, laser micrometry, and tensile testing. The plantaris and extensor digitorum longus yielded the longest grafts, 334 and 325 mm, respectively, compared with the palmaris longus, which yielded only 161 mm of length. Cross-sectional areas were as follows: palmaris longus, 3.1 mm2; plantaris, 1.4 mm2; extensor digitorum longus, 3.3 mm2; and flexor digitorum profundus, 10.6 mm2. Mean volumes were as follows: palmaris longus, 529 mm3; plantaris, 557 mm3; and extensor digitorum longus, 1006 mm3. The palmaris longus and the extensor digitorum longus showed greater stiffness, 42.0 and 47.8 N/mm, respectively, than the plantaris, which had a stiffness of 25.5 N/mm. However, the flexor digitorum profundus showed significantly greater stiffness than all of the graft tendons. The modulus of elasticity ranged from 1161.6 to 1673.0 MPa, with no significant difference between tendons tested. The findings in this study provide data that may be useful in the selection of a specific donor for free tendon grafting.
U.S. Military Deployment During 2001–2006: Comparison of Subjective and Objective Data Sources in a Large Prospective Health Study

PURPOSE: Studies researching service members’ health after deployment have relied on self-reported deployment history, although validity of these data remains unknown. This study compared self-reported and electronic deployment data and explored differences in functional health. METHODS: Self-reported and military deployment data were compared for more than 51,000 participants enrolled in the Millennium Cohort Study (2004–2006). Kappa statistics were used to measure agreement. Analysis of variance was used to assess functional health, as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-Item Health Survey for Veterans (SF-36V). RESULTS: Of 51,741 participants who completed the initial deployment question, objective records and self-report agreed in 47,355 (92%). Agreement was substantial for deployment status, frequency, and number of deployments (kappa Z 0.81, 0.71, and 0.61, respectively). Deployment start dates agreed within 1 month for 82% of participants confirmed as deployed once. Participants’ Mental and Physical Component Summary scores from the SF-36V did not differ by agreement level. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate substantial agreement between self-reported and objective deployment information and no clinically meaningful differences in functional health for the small proportion with inconsistent deployment information. These findings should be reassuring to investigators who examine military deployment as a determinant of future health. Ann Epidemiol 2007;17:976–982. 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
The Role of Transient Brightenings in Heating the Solar Corona

Nanoflare reconnection events have been proposed as a mechanism for heating the corona. Parker's original suggestion was that frequent reconnection events occur in coronal loops due to the braiding of the magnetic field. Many observational studies, however, have focused on the properties of isolated transient brightenings unassociated with loops, but their cause, role, and relevance for coronal heating have not yet been established. Using Hinode SOT magnetograms and high-cadence EIS spectral data we study the relationship between chromospheric, transition region, and coronal emission and the evolution of the magnetic field. We find that hot, relatively steadily emitting coronal loops and isolated transient brightenings are both associated with magnetic flux regions that are highly dynamic. An essential difference, however, is that brightenings are typically found in regions of flux collision and cancellation whereas coronal loops are generally rooted in magnetic field regions that are locally unipolar with unmixed flux. This suggests that the type of heating (transient vs. steady) is related to the structure of the magnetic field, and that the heating in transient events may be fundamentally different than in coronal loops. This implies that they do not play an important role in heating the "quiescent" corona.
The Analects Jade Candle: A Classic of T'ang Drinking Custom

(1986). The Analects Jade Candle: A Classic of T'ang Drinking Custom. Tang Studies: Vol. 1986, No. 4, pp. 69-89.
Thermoelasticity and thermal shock

Abstract T he relevant equations for a thermoelastic solid are derived from thermodynamical principles. The problem of “initial” thermal shock is formulated and the solution is found to be similar to that of the Fourier equation with a modified diffusivity. The solution of the more general case of thermal shock is expressed as a perturbation expansion about the usual solution.
Generation of a Tryptophan Radical in High Quantum Yield from a Novel Amino Acid Analog Using Near-UV/Visible Light

Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the conversion of nucleotides to deoxynucleotides. An initial step in this process has been postulated to be a coupled proton and electron transfer between the essential tyrosyl radical (•Y122) on the R2 subunit and a cysteine residue (C439) on the R1 subunit, the site of nucleotide reduction. One of our long-term goals is to generate the cysteinyl radical on R1 in the absence of R2 using a photoreactive peptide that binds to the R2 binding site of R1. Toward this end, the synthesis of an N-hydroxypyridine-2-thione derivative of tryptophan, designed to generate a tryptophan radical with a quantum of near-UV/visible light, is described. Laser flash photolysis (λexc = 355 nm) of this derivative gave rise to a transient absorption spectrum which showed a ground state depletion centered at its absorption maximum near 370 nm and a broad absorption band at 490 nm. The latter band partially decayed with a lifetime of ∼3 μs to leave an underlying band at 5...
Wavelet-based hyperspectral and multispectral image fusion

Different research groups have recently studied the concept of wavelet image fusion between panchromatic and multispectral images using different approaches. In this paper, a new approach using the wavelet based method for data fusion between hyperspectral and multispectral images is presented. Using this wavelet concept of hyperspectral and multispectral data fusion, we performed image fusion between two spectral levels of a hyperspectral image and one band of multispectral image. The reconstructed image has a root mean square error of 2.8 per pixel and a signal-to- noise ratio of 36 dB. We achieved our goal of creating a composite image that has the same spectral resolution as the hyperspectral image and the same spatial resolution as the multispectral image with minimum artifacts.
The consultant game

One of the issues we face with new consultants coming into the position is an unrealistic perception of the demands of a job while going to school, especially with time management. So, we came up with an exercise in the form of a board game which gives new consultants some idea of what might happen on the job and what might happen in their personal lives and how this all works together with their time management and self-esteem.The Consultant Game is a fun game of chance and choice, much like life, and consultants learn how their work and personal lives are integrated, as well as finding out that they are expected to grow in the position by learning new skills and teaching others. The Consultant Game takes consultants through a month of consulting in which they have just so many Time and Self-Esteem Units. As they go through the days, there are chance events that occur and choices to be made which can improve or worsen their Self-Esteem and/or take or save some Time. They can also choose to expend Time units to learn new skills and can even teach others that skill once they mastered it for Self-Esteem Units. They also go through Paydays, of course, which gives them Self-Esteem as well as money.The game is followed up with a 15-20 minute 'debriefing' session to make sure all consultants understand the learning points from the game.
Activated oxygen species and oxidation of food constituents

Activated oxygen species which may be important in initiating oxidative changes in foods include singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, ozone, superoxide anion (perhydroxyl radical at low pH), and hydrogen peroxide. Chemical and enzymic reactions known to occur in biological materials can generate singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide. Ozone is primarily a product of photoreactions in polluted air. Reactions involving singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, and ozone with food constituents can ultimately yield peroxides which decompose to initiate oxidative chain reactions. Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide are relatively inert toward organic molecules but can decompose to produce the more reactive singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical. Inhibition of reactions initiated by reactive oxygen species in foods should be very important in preserving the oxidative stability of foods. The generation, detection, measurement, reaction, and inhibition of reactions of active oxygen species are surveyed in this review.
The role of abnormal phosphorus metabolism in the progression of chronic kidney disease and metastatic calcification

The role of abnormal phosphorus metabolism in the progression of chronic kidney disease and metastatic calcification. The role of abnormal phosphorus metabolism in the progression of renal disease and metastatic calcification. Hyperphosphatemia is a common biochemical abnormality in advanced renal failure. The resulting increase serum calcium × phosphorus product results in the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals. The crystalline properties of these deposits incite an inflammatory response manifested by encapsulated tumoral deposits around joints, acute inflammatory arthritis, and irritative conjunctivitis. These deposits occur in association with marked elevation of serum phosphorus levels, and are prevented and eradicated by normalizing serum phosphorus levels. The calcium-phosphate deposits which occur in heart and lungs are nonapatitic. These deposits were never clearly related to hyperphosphatemia. They are mainly of historic interest because currently they are rarely seen. Their eradication appears to be more of a result of improved dialytic techniques than correction of serum phosphorus levels. The presence, persistence, and progression of vascular calcification are more closely related to patient age and duration of dialysis than hyperphposphatemia. This suggests that these deposits are a result of dystrophic calcification occurring de novo in a diseased or damaged vessel wall. Phosphorous restriction has also been shown to be protective of renal functional deterioration in experimental renal disease. It is unclear whether the protective effect is mediated through phosphate restriction or phosphate depletion. In conclusion, control of serum phosphorus levels in dialyzed uremic patients has clearly decreased morbidity associated with periarticular, articular, and conjunctiva hydorxyapatite deposits. In contrast, phosphorous control has had little effect on the presence or severity of vascular calcification.
Self-relevance as a moderator of self-enhancement and self-verification.

Abstract We examined the influence of self-esteem on reactions to favorable or unfavorable feedback. We also varied the relevance of this information for participants' self-image—the information was either low or high in self-relevance. When asked how important it was to personally perform well, low self-esteem persons were more likely to engage in self-enhancement in the low than in the high self-relevant context. This finding supports predictions derived from Swann and Schroeder's (1995) analysis. Furthermore, low self-esteem participants engaged in self-enhancement strategies to a greater extent than high self-esteem participants in the low self-relevant condition, whereas an opposite pattern was obtained in the high self-relevant condition. Our analysis bridges the gap between two opposing schools of thought—one that believes that low self-esteem persons will evidence especially strong self-enhancement tendencies and the other that believes that it is high not low self-esteem persons that will demonstrate especially strong self-enhancement tendencies. We discuss the importance of self-relevance for determining when self-enhancement and self-verification will and will not occur.
In vitro assessment of local computed tomography for the detection of longitudinal tooth fractures.

Objective To test the accuracy of local computed tomography (LCT) in detecting longitudinal fractures in comparison with conventional periapical radiographs. Study design Longitudinal fractures were induced in 30 of 60 teeth. The teeth were placed in a dry dentate mandible with soft tissue simulation. A laboratory LCT unit was used to acquire 180 basis projections with 1° separation along a 180° arc. Conventional radiographs served as the control modality. Correlated axial, coronal, and sagittal views were presented to 10 observers. The observers determined the presence of a root fracture by using a 5-point receiver operating characteristic confidence scale. Results The mean A z for LCT was 0.91 (SD = 0.07). The mean A z for conventional radiography was 0.70 (SD = 0.07). The difference between the modalities was statistically significant (analysis of variance: P P = .319). Conclusion Local CT significantly improves the detection of longitudinal fractures in vitro compared with conventional periapical radiography.
Limit-state surface element method: Application to fatigue reliability with NDE inspections

A new method, named the limit-state surface element (LSSE) method, for problems in structural reliability is presented. The method is based on discretization of the limit-state surface into a finite number of elements. This allows for better representations of the failure surface in regions of high curvature than is possible with standard FORM techniques. The reliability is estimated as a sum of integrals over subdomains in the space of standard normal variables associated with the surface elements. Several benchmark problems are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and utility of the method, and a problem in fatigue reliability with NDE inspections is presented as a practical application of the method and a demonstration of the potential interrelations between QNDE and reliability assessment.
Pulmonary hypertension secondary to partial pulmonary venous obstruction in a child with Cantu syndrome

We report on an African-American male with Cantu syndrome who required a pericardial window for a significant pericardial effusion in infancy and was subsequently found to have partial pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO) leading to pulmonary hypertension. Measurement of bilateral pulmonary capillary wedge pressures is important to uncover partial PVO.
ARE BARRED OWLS DISPLACING SPOTTED OWLS

Abstract Barred Owls (Strix varia) have expanded their range into the Pacific Northwest, and anecdotal evidence suggests that they may be displacing the federally threatened Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina). Our objectives were to describe the current status of Barred Owls in Oregon and compare occupancy of Spotted Owls in historic Spotted Owl territories before and after Barred Owls were first detected in those territories. Between 1974 and 1998, we estimated that 706 different Barred Owl territories were located in Oregon. From 1989–1998 an average of 60 new Barred Owl territories were located in Oregon each year. In Spotted Owl demographic study areas in Oregon and Washington, Barred Owl detections increased at Spotted Owl territories from 1987–1999. Occupancy of Spotted Owl territories declined after Barred Owls were detected within 0.80 km of the territory center. When Barred Owls were detected 0.81–2.40 km from Spotted Owl territory centers, occupancy of Spotted Owls was only margin...
The Moenave Formation: Sedimentologic and stratigraphic context of the Triassic-Jurassic boundary in the Four Corners area, southwestern U.S.A.

Abstract The Moenave Formation was deposited during latest Triassic to earliest Jurassic time in a mosaic of fluvial, lacustrine, and eolian subenvironments. Ephemeral streams that flowed north-northwest (relative to modern geographic position) deposited single- and multi-storeyed trough cross-bedded sands on an open floodplain. Sheet flow deposited mainly silt across broad interchannel flats. Perennial lakes, in which mud, silt and carbonate were deposited, formed on the terminal floodplain; these deposits experienced episodic desiccation. Winds that blew dominantly east to south-southeast formed migrating dunes and sand sheets that were covered by low-amplitude ripples. The facies distribution varies greatly across the outcrop belt. The lacustrine facies of the terminal floodplain are limited to the northern part of the study area. In a southward direction along the outcrop belt (along the Echo Cliffs and Ward Terrace in Arizona), dominantly fluvial–lacustrine and subordinate eolian facies grade mainly to eolian dune and interdune facies. This transition records the encroachment of the Wingate erg. Moenave outcrops expose a north–south lithofacies gradient from distal, (erg margin) to proximal (erg interior). The presence of ephemeral stream and lake deposits, abundant burrowing and vegetative activity, and the general lack of strongly developed aridisols or evaporites suggest a climate that was seasonally arid both before and during deposition of the Moenave and the laterally equivalent Wingate Sandstone. We interpret growth of the erg as a consequence of marine regression during the latest Triassic through earliest Jurassic that exposed sediments on the coast of the back-arc sea to eolian reworking. Tectonic processes that created accommodation space enhanced preservation of the erg.
New developments in operative hysteroscopy.

For the past several years, few developments have been made in operative hysteroscopy to change therapeutic procedures for the treatment of benign uterine conditions. New instrumentation, howevei) has recently contributed to the safety of operative hysteroscopy. This article discusses developments in fluid management systems, resectoscopes, and hysteroscopes.
Sensitive enhanced diffusivities for flows with fluctuating mean winds: a two-parameter study

Enhanced diffusion coefficients arising from the theory of periodic homogenized averaging for a passive scalar diffusing in the presence of a large-scale, fluctuating mean wind superimposed upon a small-scale, steady flow with non-trivial topology are studied. The purpose of the study is to assess how the extreme sensitivity of enhanced diffusion coefficients to small variations in large-scale flow parameters previously exhibited for steady flows in two spatial dimensions is modified by either the presence of temporal fluctuation, or the consideration of fully three-dimensional steady flow. We observe the various mixing parameters (Peclet, Strouhal and periodic Peclet numbers) and related non-dimensionalizations. We document non-monotonic Peclet number dependence in the enhanced diffusivities, and address how this behaviour is camouflaged with certain non-dimensional groups. For asymptotically large Strouhal number at fixed, bounded Peclet number, we establish that rapid wind fluctuations do not modify the steady theory, whereas for asymptotically small Strouhal number the enhanced diffusion coefficients are shown to be represented as an average over the steady geometry. The more difficult case of large Peclet number is considered numerically through the use of a conjugate gradient algorithm. We consider Peclet-number-dependent Strouhal numbers, S = Q P e -(1+γ) , and present numerical evidence documenting critical values of y which distinguish the enhanced diffusivities as arising simply from steady theory (y 0). The transitional case with y = 0 is examined in detail. Steady averaging is observed to agree well with the full simulations in this case for Q ≤ 1, but fails for larger Q. For non-sheared flow, with Q ≤ 1, weak temporal fluctuation in a large-scale wind is shown to reduce the sensitivity arising from the steady flow geometry; however, the degree of this reduction is itself strongly dependent upon the details of the imposed fluctuation. For more intense temporal fluctuation, strongly aligned orthogonal to the steady wind, time variation averages the sensitive scaling existing in the steady geometry, and the present study observes a P e 1 scaling behaviour in the enhanced diffusion coefficients at moderately large Peclet number. Finally, we conclude with the numerical documentation of sensitive scaling behaviour (similar to the two-dimensional steady case) in fully three dimensional ABC flow.
Syndapin I, a Synaptic Dynamin-binding Protein that Associates with the Neural Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein

The GTPase dynamin has been clearly implicated in clathrin-mediated endocytosis of synaptic vesicle membranes at the presynaptic nerve terminal. Here we describe a novel 52-kDa protein in rat brain that binds the proline-rich C terminus of dynamin. Syndapin I (synaptic, dynamin-associated protein I) is highly enriched in brain where it exists in a high molecular weight complex. Syndapin I can be involved in multiple protein–protein interactions via a src homology 3 (SH3) domain at the C terminus and two predicted coiled-coil stretches. Coprecipitation studies and blot overlay analyses revealed that syndapin I binds the brain-specific proteins dynamin I, synaptojanin, and synapsin I via an SH3 domain-specific interaction. Coimmunoprecipitation of dynamin I with antibodies recognizing syndapin I and colocalization of syndapin I with dynamin I at vesicular structures in primary neurons indicate that syndapin I associates with dynamin I in vivo and may play a role in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Furthermore, syndapin I associates with the neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, an actin-depolymerizing protein that regulates cytoskeletal rearrangement. These characteristics of syndapin I suggest a molecular link between cytoskeletal dynamics and synaptic vesicle recycling in the nerve terminal.
Volatile Indicators of Deterioration in Liquid Egg Products

Abstract Pasteurized, liquid egg products were allowed to deteriorate over a period of days. Products were periodically evaluated for odor and sampled for analysis of volatile components by combined purge and trapgas chromatography. Peaks were identified by mass spectrometry. In general, first detection of unacceptable odor in whole egg, albumen, or yolk samples was accompanied by the appearance of significant amounts of dimethyl sulfide. Concentrations of dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, and ethanol increased on further deterioration of the products.
The social re-orientation of adolescence: a neuroscience perspective on the process and its relation to psychopathology.

Background. Many changes in social behavior take place during adolescence. Sexuality and romantic interests emerge during this time, and adolescents spend more time with peers and less time with parents and family. While such changes in social behavior have been well documented in the literature, relatively few neurophysiological explanations for these behavioral changes have been presented.Method. In this article we selectively review studies documenting (a) the neuronal circuits that are dedicated to the processing of social information; (b) the changes in social behavior that take place during adolescence; (c) developmental alterations in the adolescent brain; and (d) links between the emergence of mood and anxiety disorders in adolescence and changes in brain physiology occurring at that time.Results. The convergence of evidence from this review indicates a relationship between development of brain physiology and developmental changes in social behavior. Specifically, the surge of gonadal steroids at puberty induces changes within the limbic system that alters the emotional attributions applied to social stimuli while the gradual maturation of the prefrontal cortex enables increasingly complex and controlled responses to social information.Conclusions. Observed alterations in adolescent social behavior reflect developmental changes in the brain social information processing network. We further speculate that dysregulation of the social information processing network in this critical period may contribute to the onset of mood and anxiety disorders during adolescence.
Justified Belief from Unjustified Belief

Under what conditions is a belief inferentially justified? A partial answer is found in Justification from Justification (JFJ): a belief is inferentially justified only if all of the beliefs from which it is essentially inferred are justified. After reviewing some important features of JFJ, I offer a counterexample to it. Then I outline a positive suggestion for how to think about inferentially justified beliefs while still retaining a basing condition. I end by concluding that epistemologists need a model of inferentially justified belief that is more permissive and more complex than JFJ.
The 7BM beamline at the APS: a facility for time-resolved fluid dynamics measurements

In recent years, X-ray radiography has been used to probe the internal structure of dense sprays with microsecond time resolution and a spatial resolution of 15 µm even in high-pressure environments. Recently, the 7BM beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) has been commissioned to focus on the needs of X-ray spray radiography measurements. The spatial resolution and X-ray intensity at this beamline represent a significant improvement over previous time-resolved X-ray radiography measurements at the APS.
Die quantitative spektrographische Bestimmung von Blei in Urin

Chemische Methoden zur Bestimmung von Blei in biologischen Stoffen sind muhsam und zeitraubend; sie erfordern, wenn sie genau sein sollen, die Verarbeitung von grosen Proben. Uberdies weichen die derzeit gebrauchlichen Methoden hinsichtlich der Empfindlichkeit in solchem Mase voneinander ab, das die erhaltenen Werte nicht streng vergleichbar sind. Verbesserte Ergebnisse hat die spektrographische Methode geliefert, weshalb dieses Verfahren hier in seinen Einzelheiten geschildert und seine Empfindlichkeit und Genauigkeit besprochen werden soll.
Delay compensation protocols for synchronization of multimedia data streams

Temporal synchronization of various data streams in multimedia information supporting voice, video, graphics and text, that are exchanged between users over a high speed network are discussed. During delivery of such data, maintaining the required association between data units across various streams in real-time is necessary to sustain quality of service in the presence of data loss and/or delay in the network. Solving this synchronization problem requires framing of data streams whereby various points in the data streams deliverable simultaneously to a user are identified. A solution in which the temporal axis of an application is segmented into intervals in which each interval is a unit of synchronization and holds a data frame is presented. Simultaneous data delivery involves delivering all data segments belonging to an interval within a certain real-time delay, as specifiable by the application. Based on the approach, end-to-end transport protocols that compensate for the data skew that may arise due to data loss/delay is described. Simulation experiments confirm the viability of the protocols. Major uses of the protocols are in broadband ISDNs and metropolitan area networks (MANs). >
Communication facilities for distributed transaction-processing systems

The study of communication designs in the context of the Raid system, a robust and adaptable distributed database system for transaction processing, is discussed. Related research work on local interprocess communication, remote interprocess communication, and communication protocols for both local area and wide area networks is briefly summarized. A series of experiments on the performance of the facilities available for building the Raid communication software is described. Raid's communication software, called Raidcomm, has evolved as a result of the knowledge gained both from other systems and from the authors' experiments. Several communication services and mechanisms that can be used to make Raid efficient are identified. >
What is driving the black–white difference in low birthweight in the US?

SUMMARY This is a first effort to quantify the contribution of different factors in explaining racial difference in low birthweight rate (LBW). Mother's health, child characteristics, prenatal care, socioeconomic status (SES), and the socioeconomic and healthcare environment of mother's community are important inputs into the birthweight production function, and a vast literature has delved into obtaining causal estimates of their effect on infant health. What is unknown is how much of the racial gap in LBW is explained by all these inputs together. We apply a nonlinear extension of the Oaxaca–Blinder method proposed by Fairlie to decompose this gap into the portion explained by differences in observed characteristics and the portion that remains unexplained. Data are obtained from several sources in order to capture as many observables as possible, although the primary data source is the Natality Detail Files. Results show that of the 6.8 percentage point racial gap in LBW, only 0.9–1.9 points are explained by white–black differences in endowments across those measures, and of those endowments, most of the gap in LBW is explained by the differences in SES. The unexplained difference is attributed to racial differences in the returns to or the marginal product of investments in infant health. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of sills in the development of volcanic fields: Insights from lidar mapping surveys of the San Rafael Swell, Utah

Analysis of airborne and terrestrial lidar data demonstrates that >0.4 km 3 of magma cooled in sills at shallow (<1 km) depth in the now-eroded Pliocene San Rafael Swell distributed volcanic field, Utah (USA). The volumes of each of seven sills are estimated from three-dimensional (3-D) models of the lidar data and range from 10 –4 to 10 –1 km 3 . Directions of magma flow during emplacement are interpreted from precise sill thickness measurements and measurements of linear vertical offsets within the sills, helping to identify feeder conduits and dikes; 3-D map relationships derived from lidar data demonstrate that magma flowed into and out of sills from these active dikes and eruptive conduits. Mapped sill volumes account for >92% of intrusive material within the 50 km 2 study area. We conclude that sills played a significant role in modifying eruption dynamics during activity in San Rafael, and suggest that monitoring of sill inflation and deflation in active distributed volcanic fields may provide key information about unrest and potential eruption dynamics.
The Association of Neighborhood Gene-Environment Susceptibility with Cortisol and Blood Pressure in African-American Adults.

African-American adults are disproportionately affected by stress-related chronic conditions like high blood pressure (BP), and both environmental stress and genetic risk may play a role in its development. This study tested whether the dual risk of low neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and glucocorticoid genetic sensitivity interacted to predict waking cortisol and BP. Cross-sectional waking cortisol and BP were collected from 208 African-American adults who were participating in a follow-up visit as part of the Positive Action for Today’s Health trial. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped, salivary cortisol samples were collected, and neighborhood SES was calculated using 2010 Census data. The sample was mostly female (65 %), with weight classified as overweight or obese (M BMI = 32.74, SD = 8.88) and a mean age of 55.64 (SD = 15.21). The gene-by-neighborhood SES interaction predicted cortisol (B = 0.235, p = .001, r 2 = .036), but not BP. For adults with high genetic sensitivity, waking cortisol was lower with lower SES but higher with higher SES (B = 0.87). Lower neighborhood SES was also related to higher systolic BP (B = −0.794, p = .028). Findings demonstrated an interaction whereby African-American adults with high genetic sensitivity had high levels of waking cortisol with higher neighborhood SES, and low levels with lower neighborhood SES. This moderation effect is consistent with a differential susceptibility gene-environment pattern, rather than a dual-risk pattern. These findings contribute to a growing body of evidence that demonstrates the importance of investigating complex gene-environment relations in order to better understand stress-related health disparities.
QA review - Myocardial perfusion scan interpretations as a model of division-wide performance in practice evaluation

1839 Objectives To assess MPS interpretations for overdiagnosing of positive findings compared to cardiac catheterization (CC), consensus review, and national data and to determine MPS overdiagnosis causes at our institution/give examples. Methods MPS studies over 3 mo were evaluated. Initial review of reports (original reader) with positive results (ex:reversible defects) was compared to CC (gold standard). Proportion referred for CC unnecessarily (i.e. negative CC) was computed with corresponding exact binomial 95% confidence intervals (CI). Significant difference noted when CI did not contain expected FP rate of 20-25% as reported in other studies (1,2). Second blinded consensus review by 2 NM Physicians (3rd reader as tie-breaker) was correlated to CC and agreement between initial & blinded consensus reviews was examined. Results 77 studies included. Initial review-57 MPS interpreted as positive (Figure 1). Of 35 subjects who had CC, 14 were negative. This proportion of 40% (14/35;95 CI,24-58%) is significantly higher than the 20% expected to be referred unnecessarily based on 1 study, but not significantly higher than 25% reported in another(1,2). Blinded review found 8 would have still been referred so that proportion of unnecessarily referred would have been 23% (8/35;95% CI,10-40%) which is in line with what would be expected. Kappa value of 0.68 showed fair to good agreement between initial & reviewed decisions for the 77 subjects (Figure 2). No reviewed decisions indicated a positive finding when initial decision was negative, thus indicating a bias toward referral for initial reviews. There were significantly more positive results for initial review decisions compared to blinded consensus (p=0.001). Conclusions There is room for improvement through continual MPS interpretation education/future QA reviews at our institution and probably others if not already in place. (Educational images will be provided with & without technical adjustments & with explanations.
Take the money and run? Redemption of a gift card incentive in a clinician survey

Clinician surveys provide critical information about many facets of health care, but are often challenging to implement. Our objective was to assess use by participants and non-participants of a prepaid gift card incentive that could be later reclaimed by the researchers if unused. Clinicians were recruited to participate in a mailed or online survey as part of a study to characterize women’s primary health care provider attitudes towards breast and cervical cancer screening guidelines and practices (n = 177). An up-front incentive of a $50 gift card to a popular online retailer was included with the study invitation. Clinicians were informed that the gift card would expire if it went unused after 4 months. Outcome measures included use of gift cards by participants and non-participants and comparison of hypothetical costs of different incentive strategies. 63.5 % of clinicians who responded to the survey used the gift card, and only one provider who didn’t participate used the gift card (1.6 %). Many of those who participated did not redeem their gift cards (36.5 % of respondents). The price of the incentives actually claimed totaled $3700, which was less than half of the initial outlay. Since some of the respondents did not redeem their gift cards, the cost of incentives was less than it might have been if we had provided a conditional incentive of $50 to responders after they had completed the survey. Redeemable online gift card codes may provide an effective way to motivate clinicians to participate in surveys.
Assessing efficacy of a retention-in-care intervention among HIV patients with depression, anxiety, heavy alcohol consumption and illicit drug use.

Objective We evaluated whether heavy alcohol use, illicit drug use or high levels of anxiety, and depression symptoms were modifiers of the retention through enhanced personal contact intervention. The intervention had previously demonstrated overall efficacy in the parent study. Design Randomized trial. Methods A total of 1838 patients from six US HIV clinics were enrolled into a randomized trial in which intervention patients received an 'enhanced contact' protocol for 12 months. All participants completed an audio computer-assisted self-interview that measured depression and anxiety symptoms from the Brief Symptom Inventory, alcohol use from the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption instrument, and drug use from the WHO (Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test) questions. The 12-month binary outcome was completing an HIV primary care visit in three consecutive 4-month intervals. The outcome was compared between intervention and standard of care patients within subgroups on the effect modifier variables using log-binomial regression models. Results Persons with high levels of anxiety or depression symptoms and those reporting illicit drug use, or heavy alcohol consumption had no response to the intervention. Patients without these 'higher risk' characteristics responded significantly to the intervention. Further analysis revealed higher risk patients were less likely to have successfully received the telephone contact component of the intervention. Among higher risk patients who did successfully receive this component, the intervention effect was significant. Conclusion Our findings suggest that clinic-based retention-in-care interventions are able to have significant effects on HIV patients with common behavioral health issues, but the design of those interventions should assure successful delivery of intervention components to increase effectiveness.
Differential Effects of constant Humidities on Protoparce Quinquemaculatus Haworth, and Its Parasite,Winthenia Quadripustulata Fabricus

Tomato moth larvae, both parasitized and unparasitized by the Tachinid, W. quadriPustulata were subjected to different constant humidity percentages at constant temperature during the pupal period of both host and parasite. The effects of the moisture on the length of the pupal period and the viability were noted. It was found that as the humidity incrtased the viability of the host decreased, while that of the parasite increased. Both host and parasite showed a maximum rate of metamorphosis near 73.4% humidity at 27 degrees Centigrade.
Diel Activity of Green Peach Aphid Predators as Indexed by Sticky Traps

The diel activity of the predaceous natural enemies of the green peach aphid (GPA), Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae) occurring on field potato plants was investigated to quantify time of day effects on sampling. Diel activity was determined by recording from 0900–2030 hours the predator density on 44 sticky traps placed within and on the borders of the field. Coccinellid adults were the most abundant GPA predators collected, and Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) was the most numerous species caught. Analysis of time of day counts indicated that the 1300–1700 hour sample period contained the largest diel means for H. convergens adults, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) adults, and Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni Brown (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) adults. Chrysopids were common late in the season. Ninety-five % of the chrysopids collected were Chrysopa carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). The 2030–0900 hour sample period contained the largest diet means for C. carnea .
“Food Porn” as Postfeminist Play: Digital Femininity and the Female Body on Food Blogs

The styling and online circulation of food photography has become a phenomenon endemic to social media. In this article, I explore this digital “food porn” within the feminized space of food blogs and contextualize it within a postfeminist culture rife with contradictions about women’s bodies, consumption, and sexuality. Drawing on postfeminist and feminist corporeal theory, I historicize the longstanding associations between food and the female body, eating and sex. I then analyze digital “food porn” as a form of women’s media production that draws on conventional representations of the female body in pornography, fashion, and popular culture. It is these qualities that distinguish digital “food porn” from “food porn” on other media platforms, and allow it to offer useful insights into the postfeminist subject’s construction of digital femininity. I maintain that digital “food porn” can be read as a playful, pleasurable, and entrepreneurial response to postfeminist contradictions.
Hormonal responses of dairy cows with ovarian cysts to GnRH.

A study was undertaken to observe hormonal and clinical responses of 24 cows assigned to 1 of 4 dosage groups with ovarian cysts to a single IM injection of 0 50 100 or 250 mcg of synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). 16 normally cycling lactating cows were used as the control group. Of the 18 cows receiving GnRH 13 (72%) responded to treatment and returned to estrus 9-26 days following treatment compared with 1-6 receiving 0 mcg GnRH. Increasing firmness of the cystic structures subsequently feeling like corpora lutea was noticed in most cases. A significant increase of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) was noticed on Day 0 in cows following injection of GnRH. Difference in plasma LH on Day 0 between responders and nonresponders to treatment were insignificant. Plasma progesterone and estradiol concentrations on Day 0 were higher (p less than .01) for responding cows than for nonresponders. Lower LH concentrations were found among responders than among nonresponders on Posttreatment Days 1-13; progeste rone and estradiol concentrations were higher (p less than .05). Mean plasma LH and progesterone concentrations among responders on these days were the same as postestrous concentrations or as mean LH and progesterone concentrations in controls during the postestrous period. Mean plasma estradiol concentrations of cows with ovarian cysts were higher (p less than .005) on the injection day (Day 0) and on Days 1-13 posttreatment than during the subsequent estrous cycle or in postestrous controls. Results of this study indicate that cows with ovarian cysts are capable of releasing LH in response to GnRH.
Optimization of stroke prophylaxis strategies in nonvalvular AF - Drugs, devices or both?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia with the prevalence increasing over time. AF probably afflicts ≥2% of worldwide adult population and increases with age.[1-3] In the Framingham Heart Study, the lifetime risk of having at least one episode of AF for 40-year-old men and women was 26% and 23% respectively.[4].
A sugar-coated pacifier reduces procedural pain in newborns.

Purpose To examine the efficacy of pacifiers and sugar, alone and in combination, for pain management in neonates. Methods An experimental design examined pain responses of 84 newborns undergoing heelstick. They were randomly assigned to one of four groups: (a) water-moistened pacifier, (b) sugar-coated pacifier, (c) 2 cc of a 12% oral sucrose solution, or (d) control. Pain measures were duration of cry, vagal tone, and salivary cortisol. Results Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed that the sugar-coated pacifier group cried significantly less than the water-moistened pacifier and control groups. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the sugar-coated pacifier group demonstrated significantly lower vagal tone during heelstick than the oral sucrose solution and control groups. This difference between the sugar-coated pacifier and control groups persevered for 15 minutes after heelstick. Conclusions Offering a sugar coated pacifier during heelstick in healthy neonates reduces pain behaviors more effectively than a water-moistened pacifier, 2 cc of a 12% sucrose solution, or no intervention.
Changing Concepts in the Treatment of Advanced Seminomatous Tumors

AbstractThe treatment of patients with advanced seminomatous tumors represents a challenge for the medical and urological oncologists. In contrast to the reported excellent results of radiotherapy in the treatment of patients with clinical stages I and II disease the survival rate for those with advanced seminomatous disease is only around 40 per cent. Six consecutive patients with metastatic seminomas were treated with systemic chemotherapy and all achieved a complete response. The combination of vincristine, cis-platinum, bleomycin and prednisone was used in 4 patients and an excellent tolerance was observed even in patients with previous radiation therapy. Two other patients who had had radiation therapy to the mediastinum were treated with VP-16 and cis-platinum and again a complete response was observed. However, a significant potentiation of myelosuppressive effect of VP-16 was observed in the previously radiated patients. In view of the observed sensitivity of seminomatous tumors it appears that al...
Tracheobronchomalacia and Excessive Dynamic Airway Collapse

Tracheobronchomalacia is the weakness of the supporting cartilages of the trachea and main-stem bronchi, resulting in collapsibility during the respiratory cycle. In comparison, excessive dynamic airway collapse refers to the dynamic invagination of the posterior membrane during expiration. Both conditions can coexist in the same patient and frequently result in significant morbidity and decrease in quality of life. Herein, we describe the current definitions, classification, and clinical and radiologic evaluation of the patients considered for the therapeutic interventions that include airway stent trial and tracheoplasty.
Black Panther Party for Self-Defense

Black Panther Party founders Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale had drifted in and out of black nationalist groups, and Newton had read voraciously in philosophy and third world politics. In late 1966, they acquired weapons and uniforms (leather jackets and black berets), and Newton issued the party’s Ten-Point Program. This platform embodied the complexity of the Black Power movement, demanding both practical reforms such as guaranteed jobs and housing and a United Nations-organized referendum “to be held throughout the black colony … for the purpose of determining the will of black people as to their national destiny.” A measure of Newton’s intellectual audacity can be seen in point 10, where he claimed America’s revolutionary legacy as his own.