cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The price of advice

We develop a model of consulting (advising) where the role of the consultant is to reveal signals to her client that refine the client's original private estimate of the profitability of a project. Although the client can perfectly observe and evaluate these signals, the consultant may only be able to do the same imperfectly, or not at all. This captures the idea that the expert may not fully understand the impact of her advice on the client. We characterize the optimal contract between the consultant and her client. It is a menu consisting of pairs of transfers specifying payments between the two parties in case the project is undertaken by the client and in case it is not. The main result of the article is that in the optimal mechanism, the consultant obtains the same profit as though she could perfectly observe and evaluate the impact of the signals whose release she controls on the client's profit estimate.
A Comparative Study of Public Food Marketing as Viewed by Consumers in Mexico and India

Public marketing of essential goods and services is frequently undertaken in developing economies, often with controversial results. Most evaluation and planning of public marketing has been from the perspective of economists, or public policy planners. Relatively few analyses have examined public marketing from the perspective of its impact upon those the system serves-consumers. This article presents an analysis of two national public food marketing agencies, one in Mexico and one in India. It reports on the performance of each agency as an active participant in the marketplace from the end user's perspective.The data in both countries suggest that consumers support each public marketing agency as important to economic development and as offering good values. However, CONASUPO in Mexico appears to serve better its intended target market than does FCI in India. Both agencies are viewed by consumers as powerful competitors, although their impact on prices in private stores was not apparent. Data also sugg...
Selective Nucleation of Organic Single Crystals from Vapor Phase on Nanoscopically Rough Surfaces

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are attractive for microelectronic applications such as sensor arrays or flexible displays, due to their adequate performance and relatively low production costs. Organic single-crystal transistors have emerged as benchmark devices for studying the intrinsic charge-transport properties in organic semiconductor materials. Conventional approaches for growing organic single crystals result in uncontrollable dimensions and the formation of extremely fragile crystals. In addition, the hand-selection and placement of individual crystals on a device structure represents a severe limitation for producing arrays of single-crystal transistors with high density and reasonable throughput. As a result, the application of organic single-crystal transistors has been restricted to fundamental charge transport studies, with their commercial application not yet realizable. We recently reported a materials-general method of fabricating large-area arrays of patterned organic single crystals. Microcontact-printed octadecyltriethoxysilane (OTS) film domains on smooth, inert substrates were found to act as preferential nucleation sites for single crystals for a broad range of organic semiconductor materials, such as pentacene, tetracene, rubrene and C60. In order to understand the underlying mechanism of preferential nucleation, the stamped OTS domains and the contact plane between the OTS domains and the organic crystals were inspected by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy. Our analysis suggests that crystals nucleate at the base of tall OTS pillars that form the significantly rough surface in the stamped domains. The selective nucleation inside the rough surface regions is discussed by means of a rate-equation model of the growth process.
The hurried consumer: Time-saving perceptions of Internet and catalogue shopping

This study explored the relationship between consumer activity level and time stress and perceptions and practices regarding catalogue and online purchasing. There was a sharp contrast between perceptions and practices. Internet and catalogue shopping were perceived as time-savers; yet, respondents only rarely purchased from them to save time. Hours worked outside the home and time spent on the Internet were significantly related to Internet and catalogue time-saving perceptions and practices. Self-reported activity levels had little effect. Disparity between Internet time-saving perceptions and practices were attributed to difficulty of online shopping, implying that relationship management strategies grounded in enhanced databases might be promising.
Problems for pure probabilism about promotion (and a disjunctive alternative)

Humean promotionalists about reasons think that whether there is a reason for an agent to ϕ depends on whether her ϕ-ing promotes the satisfaction of at least one of her desires. Several authors have recently defended probabilistic accounts of promotion, according to which an agent’s ϕ-ing promotes the satisfaction of one of her desires just in case her ϕ-ing makes the satisfaction of that desire more probable relative to some baseline. In this paper I do three things. First, I formalize an argument, due to Jeff Behrends and Joshua DiPaolo, to the effect that Mark Schroeder’s and Stephen Finlay’s probabilistic accounts of promotion cannot be correct. Next, I extend this argument to a recent alternative offered by D. Justin Coates and show how Coates’ attempt to avoid the argument by introducing a distinction between ‘intrinsic’ and ‘extrinsic’ probability doesn’t help. Finally, I suggest an alternative way of understanding promotion in terms of increase in degree of fit between the causal upshot of an action and the content of a desire. I show how this view, disjunctively paired with probabilism about promotion, solves the problems with previous accounts.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of red clover necrotic mosaic virus.

Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) is a species that belongs to the Tombusviridae family of plant viruses with a T = 3 icosahedral capsid. RCNMV virions were purified and were crystallized for X-ray analysis using the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method. Self-rotation functions and systematic absences identified the space group as I23, with two virions in the unit cell. The crystals diffracted to better than 4 A resolution but were very radiation-sensitive, causing rapid decay of the high-resolution reflections. The data were processed to 6 A in the analysis presented here.
1,2,5-Thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide: a powerful scaffold for probing the S' subsites of (chymo)trypsin-like serine proteases.

Abstract The 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide scaffold (I) embodies a motif that allows it to dock to the active site of (chymo)trypsin-like proteases in a predictable and substrate-like fashion. Consequently, inhibitors derived from this heterocyclic scaffold interact with both the S and S′ subsites of an enzyme. Exploitation of binding interactions with both the S and S′ subsites of a target enzyme may lead to compounds with greatly enhanced enzyme selectivity and inhibitory potency. This preliminary report describes the use of a series of compounds having the heterocyclic scaffold linked to various amino acids to probe the S′ subsites of human leukocyte elastase (HLE), proteinase 3 (PR 3), and cathepsin G (Cat G). For comparative purposes, a series of compounds derived from a related scaffold, isothiazolidin-3-one 1,1 dioxide (II), was also generated. Several of the compounds were found to be highly potent and selective time-dependent inhibitors of HLE, PR 3, and Cat G.
Generalized information theory

Provides an overview of major developments pertaining to generalized information theory during the lifetime of Kybernetes. Generalized information theory is viewed as a collection of concepts, theorems, principles, and methods for dealing with problems involving uncertainty‐based information that are beyond the narrow scope of classical information theory. Introduces well‐justified measures of uncertainty in fuzzy set theory, possibility theory, and Dempster‐Shafer theory. Shows how these measures are connected with the classical Hartley measure and Shannon entropy. Discusses basic issues regarding some principles of generalized uncertainty‐based information.
EVALUATION OF METHODS OF ESTIMATING SUB-GLOTTAL AIR PRESSURE.

The following measures were simultaneously recorded as each of 10 adult male subjects phonated vowels at a variety of frequency and intensity levels: (a) intraesophageal pressure sensed by a small ...
Therapeutics in Pediatric Epilepsy, Part 1: The New Antiepileptic Drugs and the Ketogenic Diet

Epilepsy is one of the most common and challenging neurologic disorders affecting children. Although various modalities exist to treat pediatric-onset seizures, seizures in 25% of children who are diagnosed as having epilepsy remain refractory to available therapies. Of the 8 new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) (felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, topiramate, tiagabine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, and zonisamide), all but 2 (zonisamide and levetiracetam) have received Food and Drug Administration approval for adjunctive use in the pediatric population. However, most of the new AEDs used in adults have also been used in children, beyond the AEDs' approved indications. The ultimate goal of patient management is to choose the therapeutic option that provides the best chance of improving the patient's quality of life. Issues that relate to treatment choice include the likelihood of seizure recurrence, type and severity of seizures, available AED efficacies and toxicities, need for hematologic monitoring, ease of dosing, underlying medical conditions, medication interactions, urgency of initiating therapy, and cost. In this review, we discuss these issues for each of the 8 new AEDs; we also discuss the ketogenic diet and briefly review the older AEDs. Knowledge of the available AEDs will enable the practitioner to choose the best drug or drugs for individual patients.
Analog implementation of neural networks

Analog silicon-based neural hardware, which represents a large category among special-purpose analog and digital neurocomputers, and neural processing algorithms are reviewed. Artificial neural networks usually contain a large number of synaptic connections and many fewer processing neurons. The central problem in implementing artificial neural networks-making weights that are continuously adjustable, preferably in response to an analog control signal-is discussed. A simple integrated-circuit analog multiplier built from all-MOS components for use in electrically tunable synapses is described. >
TU-E-BRB-01: AAPM New Member Symposium

The New Members Symposium will provide an introduction to the AAPM, our current officers, council chairs and operations. This will be followed by a brief review of how to apply for a job by past president Howard Amols. AAPM leaders will remain at the symposium to continue informal discussions following the brief opening presentations. The New Members Symposium is followed directly by the Meet the Experts sessions in the same room. Bill Hendee, Gary Barnes, Dan Low and Jim Hevezi, all individuals with many years of experience will address current issues and lead discussions on many medical physics aspects of Imaging Research, Imaging Clinical, Therapy Research and Therapy clinical. Objectives: 1. To introduce new members to the AAPM leadership and operations. 2. To provide discussions with experts in medical physics.
OPTIMAL EAVESDROPPING IN QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY. II. A QUANTUM CIRCUIT

It is shown that the optimum strategy of the eavesdropper described in the preceding paper can be expressed in terms of a quantum circuit in a way which makes it obvious why certain parameters take on particular values, and why obtaining information in one basis gives rise to noise in the conjugate basis.
Are maternal and community risk factors associated with the presence of asthma among children placed in foster care

Abstract Objective The occurrence of pediatric asthma has been associated with exposure to chronic stress. This study examined the relationship between maternal and community risk factors and asthma in a sample of maltreated children in foster care. Method Interviews were conducted with 365 maltreated children in foster care. Measures included youth/caregiver reports of asthma, an index of maternal risk based on data abstracted from child welfare records and community violence exposure. Results After controlling for demographic variables, maternal risk was associated with the presence of asthma (OR = 1.314, 95% CI = 1.09–1.58). Community violence exposure, however, was not related to the presence of asthma. Conclusion Maternal risk factors were significantly associated with the presence of asthma in a foster care population. Physicians who care for maltreated children in foster care should be particularly attuned to the presence of these additional risk factors that may place high-risk children at increased risk for chronic health problems.
Lung endothelial cell platelet-activating factor production and inflammatory cell adherence are increased in response to cigarette smoke component exposure

An early event in the pathogenesis of emphysema is the development of inflammation associated with accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in small airways, and inflammatory cell recruitment from the circulation involves migration across endothelial and epithelial cell barriers. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) promotes transendothelial migration in several vascular beds, and we postulated that increased PAF production in the airways of smokers might enhance inflammatory cell recruitment and exacerbate inflammation. To examine this possibility, we incubated human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-L) with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and found that CSE inhibits PAF-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) activity. This enhances HMVEC-L PAF production and PMN adherence, and adherence is blocked by PAF receptor antagonists (CV3988 or ginkgolide B). CSE also inhibited PAF-AH activity of lung endothelial cells isolated from wild-type (WT) and iPLA2β knockout mice, and with WT cells, CSE enhanced PAF production and RAW 264.7 cell adherence. In contrast, CSE did not affect PAF production or RAW 264.7 cell adherence to iPLA2β-null cells, suggesting that iPLA2β plays an important role in PAF production by lung endothelial cells. These findings suggest that inhibition of PAF-AH by components of cigarette smoke may initiate or exacerbate inflammatory lung disease by enhancing PAF production and promoting accumulation of inflammatory cells in small airways. In addition, iPLA2β is identified as a potential target for therapeutic interventions to reduce airway inflammation and the progression of chronic lung disease.
Visual Symptoms During Hypoglycemia: A Case Series

ABSTRACT Objective: To recognize visual symptoms that occur during hypoglycemia to help patients avoid severe hypoglycemic events. Methods: A series of adults with insulin-requiring diabetes were asked to complete questionnaires concerning visual symptoms during hypoglycemia (blood glucose Results: Participants (n = 107) were 68.6% female, with a mean age of 50.4 years, duration of diabetes of 9 to 46 years, 59.2% of participants had type 1 diabetes (39% pump users) and 22 participants were using CGMS (2 of these 22 participants were excluded because of incomplete data). Of the CGMS users, 75.0% had ≥1 visual symptom, and 86.6% had glucose levels Conclusion: Visual symptoms are common during hypoglycemia but not widely appreciated. Blurred vision, common with hyperglycemia, is also seen during hypoglycemia. It is especially important for patients with poor hypoglycemic awareness to be educated to better recognize that changes in vision may indicate hypoglycemia. Abbreviations: CGMS continuous glucose monitoring system
Interactions between Rickettsiae and Dermacentor variabilis Ticks

Tick-borne spotted fever group rickettsiae are maintained in nature primarily through transstadial and transovarial transmission in their vector. In the tick, Dermacentor variabilis, the infection of, and persistence within, the ovaries are critical steps in the transmission cycle of rickettsiae from one generation to the next. Although ixodid ticks can experimentally maintain several species of rickettsiae, often only a single species is maintained transovarially. The molecular mechanisms underlying exclusion processes are unknown. In this study, an attempt to identify the molecules that may be involved in rickettsial adhesion to tick cells was carried out. Monoclonal antibodies to mammalian alpha and beta subunits of integrins were used to screen a lambda phage library, constructed from uninfected tick ovarian tissues. Positive plaques for both alpha and beta integrins were identified. For one integrin, beta(3), the plaque was isolated and the insert sequenced. The role of these molecules, identified by library screening, in rickettsial infection and survival are discussed.
Age-related differences in using optical flow and landmark information for steering control

The present study examined age related decrements in the use of optical flow and landmark information for the control of steering. Older and younger drivers were presented with computer generated displays simulating vehicle motion through a random dot ground plane scene and they were asked to steer the vehicle to null out the side wind perturbation. In the first experiment, on half the trials landmark information was presented by color coding one of the dots on the ground plane. In the second experiment the number of landmark in the scene was manipulated. Overall younger drivers had reduced steering error than older drivers. Older drivers, as compared to younger drivers, also had reduced steering error when more landmark information was present with rich optical flow information. These results suggest that older drivers may be more reliant on optical flow information for controlling a vehicle and may have a reduced ability to use alternative sources of information, such as landmarks, for steering control.
Gas sorption and transport in poly(phenylene oxide) and comparisons with other glassy polymers

The sorption and transport of several gases in poly(phenylene oxide) were measured at 35°C, and the results have been analyzed in terms of the dual sorption/mobility models which have been successfully employed for this purpose for other glassy polymers. Both the extent of sorption and rate of permeation of gases are quite large for poly(phenylene oxide) compared to other glassy polymers with rigid chain backbones. It is shown that the high extent of sorption is owing to the high glass transition temperature of this polymer, but this is not a significant factor in its high permeability to gases. The latter stems from large diffusion coefficients. It is shown that the capacity of the Langmuir mode of sorption inherent to glassy polymers is related to the value of the glass transition temperature in a general way for a wide variety of polymers. Observations about the diffusion coefficients for numerous gas–polymer pairs are discussed.
Low-dose trimetrexate glucuronate and protracted 5-fluorouracil infusion in previously untreated patients with advanced pancreatic cancer

Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-based regimens have not been shown to prolong survival or provide clinical benefit in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the tolerability of protracted venous infusion (PVI) of 5-FU, modulated by a low dose of the synthetic antifolate trimetrexate, in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Patients and methods: Twenty-three chemotherapy-naive patients were evaluated. Patients were enrolled in four consecutive cohorts in which the weekly dose of trimetrexate was escalated in 10 mg/m 2 increments, from 20 to 50 mg/m 2 . PVI 5-FU was administered at a fixed dose of 225 mg/m 2 /day. Treatment was administered for 6 successive weeks, every 8 weeks. Results: Twenty-two patients were assessable. The maximum tolerated dose of trimetrexate was 40 mg/m 2 . The most common grade 3 and 4 toxicity was diarrhea. There were no treatment-related deaths. Preliminary analysis of activity revealed a response rate of 9%, with 41% of the patients having stable disease for a median duration of 3.8 months. The median survival for the entire group was 6.9 months (range 1–29 months). A clinical benefit response was experienced by 27.2% of patients. Conclusions: Low-dose trimetrexate can be safely administered in combination with PVI 5-FU. This treatment is well tolerated and is associated with palliative activity in advanced pancreatic cancer.
Utopian Movements and Ideas of the Great Depression: Dreamers, Believers, and Madmen Donald W. Whisenhunt. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2013.

Utopian Movements and Ideas of the Great Depression: Dreamers, Believers, and Madmen Donald W. Whisenhunt. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, 2013.In Utopian Movements and Ideas of the Great Depression: Dreamers, Believers, and Madmen, histoubiquity rian Donald Whisenhunt surveys an array of lesserknown reformers during the Great Depression, whose ideas ranged from communal living to a Moneyless Government. This study is based around Whisenhunt's assertion that "the entire American experience.. .has been a Utopian experiment" (1). While studies of figures such as Father Coughlin, Huey Long, and proponents of the New Deal are quite numerous in scholarship, Whisenhunt hopes that this work will fill the gap in scholarship surrounding "Utopian movements of this period [that] have escaped serious scrutiny until now" (175).Utopian Movements centers on six people and/or movements. Whisenhunt has taken on the rather unenviable project of fitting these figures together in a unified book, a task at which he is unevenly successful. As the space of this review will not permit an exhaustive account of all the figures in the book, this reviewer will focus on a few that he found particularly compelling or relevant to Whisenhunt's emphasis on the American experience being a Utopian one.The first selection focuses on the Utopian Society of America, which reached its pinnacle from 19331936. The Utopian Society arose quickly and gained "as much as half a million or more" members during its brief tenure (26). The third chapter focuses on Maury Maverick and the Diga Relief Colony, a self-help community that Maverick founded in San Antonio, Texas. The Diga Relief Colony, which was in existence from 1932 to 1933, worked to help the poor, but also worked to help the "world war veterans who were affected especially by the hard time of the 1930s" (31). Despite its efforts, Diga, like most of the Utopian projects in the work, ultimately went into the history books as a failure. Maverick attributed Diga's failure to the inability of communal economics to live alongside a capitalist system.The Socialist Party of America is the focus of chapter 5, which primarily discusses the ultimate failure of the Continental Congress of Workers and Farmers of 1933. The Continental Congress was unable to gain national support for its program, which included a New Declaration of Independence that advocated a conversion to socialism (84). Whisenhunt argues that "probably the best that can be said for the Continental Congress" is that it was a "case of bad timing," as they met after the New Deal and Hundred Days Congress had already begun to tackle many of the economic concerns the Socialist Party had hoped to address (84). …
ClickWatch — An experimentation framework for communication network test-beds

It is hard to experiment with test-beds for communication networks: data produced in the network has to be retrieved and analyzed, networks must be reconfigured before and between experiments, data is often little structured (log-files) and analysis methods and tools are generic. Even though many problems of experimentation are the same for all experiments, re-use is sparse and even simple experiments require large efforts. We present a framework that attempts to solve these problems: we define a set of requirements for experimenting with network test-beds, we describe the principles and inner workings of our framework, demonstrate it with a typical example experiment, and present measurement results that illustrate the feasibility and scalability of our approach. Some qualitative and quantitative aspects of ClickWatch are compared to the commonly used logfile based approach to experimentation.
Geometrical plenoptic sampling

In this paper, we present a general framework for analysis of plenoptic sampling by investigating the spectral analysis of plenoptic imaging. The proposed framework provides a unified representation that generalizes several existing methods for plenoptic sampling. The plenoptic sampling theory presented extends the study of plenoptic imaging to parallel cameras that are not restricted to lie on a plane corresponding to a camera array. Furthermore, we conduct an analysis of plenoptic sampling for unstructured camera systems, in which the cameras can reside at arbitrary locations and orientations. Finally, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for unoccluded imaging, which is a critical precondition for plenoptic sampling. These conditions are shown to introduce constraints on the position and curvature of the surface of the scene as well as the position and orientation of the cameras.
Effect of interstitial fluid on a granular flowing layer

A dominant aspect of granular flows is flow in thin surface layers. While an understanding of the dynamics of dry granular surface flow has begun to emerge, the case of flow when air is completely replaced by a liquid is largely unexplored. Experiments were performed using particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) in a quasi-two-dimensional rotating tumbler to measure the velocity field within the flowing layer of monodisperse spherical particles fully submerged in liquids, a granular slurry, for a range of Froude numbers, bead sizes, fluid densities and fluid viscosities. The thickness of the flowing layer and the angle of repose with a liquid interstitial fluid are generally larger than for the dry system under similar conditions, although the shear rate is generally smaller
Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease

Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GvHD) is a rare complication of transfusion of cellular blood components producing a graft-versus-host clinical picture with concomitant bone marrow aplasia. The disease is fulminant and rapidly fatal in the majority of patients. TA-GvHD is caused by transfused blood-derived, alloreactive T lymphocytes that attack host tissue, including bone marrow with resultant bone marrow failure. Human leucocyte antigen similarity between the transfused lymphocytes and the host, often in conjunction with host immunosuppression, allows tolerance of the grafted lymphocytes to survive the host immunological response. Any blood component containing viable T lymphocytes can cause TA-GvHD, with fresher components more likely to have intact cells and, thus, able to cause disease. Treatment is generally not helpful, while prevention, usually via irradiation of blood components given to susceptible recipients, is the key to obviating TA-GvHD. Newer methods, such as pathogen inactivation, may play an important role in the future.
Brief communication. Genetic analysis of a short-petiolule-type soybean, LN89-3502TP

An abnormal-leaf soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plant was observed in an F4:8 line at Urbana, Illinois, in the summer of 1992. Petiolules of the plant were shorter than normal and leaflet margins curled uniformly upward forming a cuppedshaped leaf. All progeny of the single plant exhibited leaf cupping. Laboratory analysis showed an absence of soybean mosaic and tobacco ringspot virus in the plants. Seeds from the progeny were bulked and designated line LN89-3502TP. Further observation of LN89-3502TP revealed dense pubescence on the short petiolule plants. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of the short petiolule trait of LN89-3502TP. In F2 populations derived from LN89-3502TP crossed with normal leaf-type cultivars, three petiolule phenotypes (short, intermediate, and normal) segregated in a 1:2:1 ratio. The 1:2:1 ratio was confirmed in the F2:3 families. These ratios indicate the short petiolule trait is controlled by a single gene showing incomplete dominance that we designated lc.
DISTRIBUTION OF ATPASE IN CELLS OF SALICORNIA PACIFIC A VAR. UTAHENSIS AS DETERMINED BY LEAD PHOSPHATE PRECIPITATION AND X-RAY MICROANALYSIS

SUMMARY Salicornia pacifica stem tissues were treated with ATP, Ca(NO3)2 and Pb(NO3)2 to localize ATPase. ATPase activity was present along the plasma membranes and in the cytoplasm of the cortical palisade, inner cortex and vascular cells of young shoots. ATPase was also present in the plasma membranes of tracheids which are present in the palisade region. Ouabain did not inhibit ATPase, but NaF-, crown ethers, and N.N′-dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCCD) did so in vitro. Only DCCD significantly inhibited (82 %) ATPase in tissues processed for electron microscopy. Energy dispersive microanalysis was used to verify that the precipitates were Pb phosphate.
Pd/AlN/Si or SiC Structure for Hydrogen Sensing Device

An AlN (insulator) MIS Hydrogen Sensor was created using plasma source molecular beam epitaxy (PSMBE) deposition on Si (111) and 6H-SiC. A Pd layer was deposited on top of the AlN film via magnetron sputtering technique utilizing a hard mask. Pd was chosen since H 2 readily diffuses within its bulk, thus Pd acts not only as a metal electrode of the MIS structure, but also as a catalyst for hydrogen dissociation. To optimize the design structure several sensors with different AlN and Pd thickness have been developed. RHEED and XRD measurements show that AlN film is epitaxial on both Si (111) and 6H-SiC substrates. The sensors were characterized using capacitance versus voltage C(V) and I(V) measurements, at different frequencies ranging from 1kHz to 1 MHz. Shifts in the C-V and I-V curves occurred with the introduction of hydrogen in the chamber. The temperature, hydrogen partial pressure, effects of oxygen and hydrocarbon gases, insulator and metal thicknesses on sensor response were analyzed.
The adult with repaired coarctation of the aorta.

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a common congenital cardiovascular defect which affects approximately 1 in 3000 live births. In the past, CoA was considered to be a simple congenital abnormality with a surgical cure. However, long term follow-up has shown that many patients with repaired CoA have substantial morbidity and premature mortality.1 w1 It is now clear that CoA is not simply an anatomic narrowing which can be cured by surgical repair or percutaneous dilation. Rather, CoA is a diffuse arteriopathy characterised by widespread perturbation in vascular structure and function which manifests as hypertension, premature cardiovascular disease, and aneurysmal disease. Each of these manifestations has an impact on the management of the adult with repaired CoA. In the pre-surgical era, the prognosis of CoA was poor. The mean age of death was 34 years and only 5% of patients were alive at 60 years of age. The causes of death were predominantly related to uncontrolled hypertension: congestive heart failure (25%), aortic rupture (21%), and intracranial haemorrhage (12%).w2 Surgical palliation for CoA has been successfully performed for more than 60 years. Since the initial surgery, many authors have demonstrated that repair can be performed with low mortality, and that repair results in excellent haemodynamics and improvement in associated hypertension.w3 w4 There ensued a period of enthusiasm when it was believed that an anatomic repair would lead to normal longevity. Unfortunately, despite excellent anatomic repairs, late complications remain common and lifespan may be shorter than expected. In 1973, Maron et al reported on 248 patients with repaired CoA who were followed for up to 25 years after surgical repair. There was a 12% mortality with an average age at death of 34 years—an age which did not differ significantly from the preoperative era.w1 w2 In another series of 571 patients with repaired …
Perceiving benefits after adversity: The relationship between self-reported posttraumatic growth and creativity.

Anecdotal and scientific evidence has documented the existence of a relationship between the experience of adversity and creativity. Accounts of the challenges endured by creative individuals suggest that they may have been able to channel their negative experiences as sources of inspiration and motivation for their work. Increased creativity may therefore constitute a manifestation of posttraumatic growth, defined as retrospective perceptions of positive psychological changes that take place following experiences of highly challenging life circumstances. To investigate this hypothesis, the present study tested whether scores on a measure of posttraumatic growth and depreciation related to scores on self-reported measures of creativity in the aftermath of adversity. Results of a path analysis showed that adversity-induced distress predicted self-reported creative growth and breadth in a sample of online participants. Cognitive processing (intrusive/deliberative rumination) as well as domains of posttraumatic growth/ depreciation—in particular, self-reported changes in interpersonal relationships and in the perception of new possibilities for one’s life—mediated the link between self-reported distress and creativity outcomes. This study is the first focused investigation showing that self-reported posttraumatic growth may be manifested through perceptions of increased creativity.
Stimulation of Glycolytic Activity of Rat Corpus Luteum Tissue by Luteinizing Hormone

Investigations of the glucose metabolism of rat luteinized ovary tissue have been undertaken in attempts to shed further light upon the stimulatory action of luteinizing hormone on this tissue. Studies with glucose-U-C14 in vitro indicate that respiratory CO2, lipids and lactic acid on the average account for 13, 2 and 74%, respectively, of the amount of glucose taken up by the tissue. These percentages remain essentially unaltered when the rate of glucose uptake is increased by LH treatment in vivo. Rate of lactic acid formation increases with increasing medium glucose concentration, essentially reaching a plateau at 16 mg glucose/ ml. LH treatment in vivo results in stimulation of lactic acid formation at all medium glucose concentrations tested. Lactic acid formation from endogenous materials in the absence of medium glucose is very small, a finding consistent with negligible amounts of glycogen found in rat luteal tissue. The ability of LH to stimulate lactic acid production and glucose uptake is grea...
CONSTITUENCIES OF JOURNALS IN PRODUCTION AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT: IMPLICATIONS ON REACH AND QUALITY*

I analyzed the contributions made by members of the following constituencies in terms of the number of articles published in the Journal of Operations Management (JOM), Manufacturing and Service Operations Management (MS 9 of which are also in the list of top 20 U.S. business schools. Authors from the schools with top 10 programs in production and operations management contributed 20.2% of the articles published in POM and 3.5% of the articles published in JOM during 1997-2001. They contributed 24.6% of the articles in the eight issues (from July 2000 through June 2002) of M&SOM. During these periods, authors from the top 27 schools contributed 29.3% of the articles published in POM, 9.4% of the articles published in JOM, and 37.4% of the articles to the eight issues of M&SOM. Also during the same periods, authors from business and government organizations contributed 6.6% of the articles published in POM, 1.9% of the articles published in JOM, and 5.8% of the articles published in the eight issues of M&SOM. The findings reported in this paper reflect the reach of the three journals and the perceptions of various constituencies regarding journal quality. The findings about POM and JOM have a very high degree of validity because both journals are more than 10 years old and have well-established constituencies. The conclusions about the M&SOM constituencies are tentative because it is about 3 years old, and it is still developing its constituencies.
Subwavelength metal-optic semiconductor nanopatch lasers

We report on near infrared semiconductor nanopatch lasers with subwavelength-scale physical dimensions (0.019 cubic wavelengths) and effective mode volumes (0.0017 cubic wavelengths). We observe lasing in the two most fundamental optical modes which resemble oscillating electrical and magnetic dipoles. The ultra-small laser volume is achieved with the presence of nanoscale metal patches which suppress electromagnetic radiation into free-space and convert a leaky cavity into a highly-confined subwavelength optical resonator. Such ultra-small lasers with metallodielectric cavities will enable broad applications in data storage, biological sensing, and on-chip optical communication.
Fragmenting forests: the double edge of effective forest monitoring

a b s t r a c t The link between ineffective forest monitoring and forest degradation is well known. Under REDD+, monitoring stands to become more important as a means of maintaining incentive. Little attention however has been paid to the possible adverse consequences of forest monitoring. Our research develops a spatially explicit, agent-based model (ABM) of timber extraction in a Congo Basin forest concession to investigate the potential conservation impact of more effective monitoring. We modeled the building of access roads, and logging of legal timber and illegal timber, where illegal timber may be interpreted broadly to include prohibited species, smaller trees, or trees in areas where cutting is not permitted. We investigated road building under (1) random spot monitoring of logging sites and (2) monitoring of logged trunks at checkpoints. Our findings indicate that although more effective monitoring can reduce illegal harvesting, it can also lead to construction of denser road networks and higher levels of forest fragmentation, with an implied loss of biodiversity. These insights are particularly relevant in the context of REDD+, as they suggest that some monitoring strategies may lead to more forest fragmentation, even as they help reduce emissions.
Detection of a spatially distributed target in white noise

A detector of a spatially distributed target in white Gaussian noise is developed. A reasonable distribution for the a priori target scatterer density is assumed, and a detector that incorporates this a priori knowledge is given. A simple detector form results, whose detection performance is robust over different scattering densities.
Influence of nano-clay compounding on thermo-oxidative stability and mechanical properties of a thermoset polymer system

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of Cloisite 20A (C20A) nano-clay compounding on the thermo-oxidative degradation and the residual stresses due to thermal oxidation for a thermoset polymer. A variant of bismaleimide (BMI) is considered for this work, which could potentially be used in high temperature airframe applications. To examine the influence of nano-clay compounding on the thermo-oxidative behavior of BMI, isothermal aging experiments were conducted at 250 °C on nano-clay modified BMI with 3 wt% C20A and baseline BMI in different oxygen environments (0%, 20% and 60% O2) for more than 1000 h. Comparing the weight loss data for neat BMI and C20A modified BMI; it was observed that nano-clay enhances the thermal stability of thermoset polymer BMI by reducing oxygen diffusion and mitigating oxidative degradation during isothermal aging. Reaction–diffusion modeling parameters involved in the modeling of thermal-oxidation of BMI were obtained from weight loss data. To study the effect of nano-clay compounding on the mechanical properties, nano-indentation experiments were conducted on neat as well as nano-clay modified BMI. To determine the long term shrinkage strains caused by thermal oxidation at elevated temperatures, shrinkage experiments were conducted at 250 °C. For these experiments, digital image correlation (DIC) technique was used to capture the strain field. Using data from these experiments as input, a three-dimensional (3-D) micro-mechanics based finite element analysis (FEA) was carried out to investigate the residual stresses due to thermal oxidation using an in-house FEA code (NOVA-3D). Based on the FEA analysis, the presence of elevated radial stresses at the fiber–matrix interface near the free edge during the early stages of oxidation makes the fiber end a likely site for debond initiation, both for neat resin and for C20A modified resin. Similarly, elevated hoop stresses, responsible for possible matrix cracking were also observed, and are corroborated by experimental observations. The micromechanical FEA model predicted a significant (∼25%) reduction in the residual radial and hoop stresses for the 3 wt% C20A modified BMI, because of the ameliorating effect of dispersed nano-clay on resin shrinkage.
On the power of the t‐test and some rank tests when outliers may be present

The power of some rank tests, used for testing the hypothesis of shift, is found when the underlying distributions contain outliers. The outliers are assumed to occur as the result of mixing two normal distributions with common variance. A small sample case shows how the scores for the rank tests are found and the exact power is computed for each of these rank tests. A Monte Carlo study provides an estimate of the power of the usual two sample t-test.
UV polarizers based on oriented poly(vinyl alcohol)–Chrysophenine–Congo red blend films

The availability of efficient low-cost ultraviolet (UV) film polarizers is of vital importance to a number of applications, which rely on the use of polarized light in the near-UV regime. We describe here the preparation of such elements based on stretch-oriented films comprising poly(vinyl alcohol) and a combination of two commercially available azo dyes, Congo Red and Chrysophenine. Films of various dye contents were prepared and oriented by uniaxial tensile deformation. Moderately stretched films (draw ratio l/l0 = 4–8) exhibit a pronounced optical dichroism, characterized by a polarizing efficiency up to 0.98 at a wavelength of 365 nm. Initial experiments suggest that, even under rather harsh irradiation conditions and without any packaging, these azo-dye-based polarizers are surprisingly inert under simulated operating conditions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1235–1239, 2002
Academic Ethics in Higher Education Administration: The Dimensions of Decisions

This chapter will examine some cases with ethical components, discuss the current state of scholarship in ethics of higher education administration, and suggest how ethical analysis of problems can strengthen administrative success.
p27 Regulation by Estrogen and Src Signaling in Human Breast Cancer

p27 is a key regulator of G1 to S phase progression. It inhibits cyclin E-Cdk2 in G0 and early G1 and promotes the assembly and activation of D-type cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks). While the p27 gene is rarely mutated in human cancers, p27 action is impaired in breast and other human cancers through accelerated p27 proteolysis, sequestration by cyclin D-cdks and p27 mislocalization in tumor cell cytoplasm. In cancers, reduced p27 protein reflects tumor de-differentiation and is associated with high histopathologic tumor grade. Reduced p27 is an indicator of poor patient outcome in primary human breast cancers. Following estrogen binding to the estrogen receptor (ER), p27is regulatedby therapidtransientER-mediatedactivationof Srcandsignaling pathways. This review will focus on mechanisms of p27 regulation in normal cells and howSrc activationmayderegulate p27 inbreastandotherhumancancers.The relevance of this pathway to antiestrogen therapy of breast cancers will also be reviewed.
Self-reported and measured weights and heights among adults in Seattle and King County

Self-reported weights and heights can be subject to gender, socio-economic, and other biases. On the other hand, obtaining measured anthropometric data can pose a significant respondent burden. Seattle Obesity Study II (SOS II) participants (n = 419) provided self-reported height, weight, and demographic data through an interviewer-assisted behavior survey. Participants were then weighed and measured by trained staff. The entire process was repeated 12 months later. At the follow up visit, participants were also asked to recall their weight from 12 months ago. The concordance between measured and self-reported data was assessed using Bland-Altman plots. Some weight underreporting by obese individuals was observed. Gender or socio-economic status (SES) did not affect self-reports. Bland-Altman plots provided 95 % limits of agreement of −3.13 to 5.83 for weight (kg), and 1.21 to 2.52 for BMI (kg/m2). The concordance between measured and self-reported BMI categories was excellent (Kappa = 0.82 for men, and 0.86 for women). At the follow up visit, participants estimated their weight 12 months ago more accurately than their current weight. Self-reported heights and weights were highly correlated with objective measures at two points in time. No gender or SES biases were observed. Minor, yet statistically significant under-reporting (<1.5 kg) was observed for obese participants. Caution should be used when using self-reported data in obese populations.
Agenda 2020 and the Olympic Movement

This paper examines the current Olympic bidding crisis and evaluates the accompanying Agenda 2020 reform process at the International Olympic Committee. The organization’s decline in public opinion...