cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Where Have All the Giants Gone?: Reconciling Medical Education and the Traditions of Patient Care with Limitations on Resident Work Hours

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education recently approved regulations that would prohibit residents from working more than 80 hours per week and more than 24 hours at a stretch.These regulations are scheduled to take effect in all U.S. teaching hospitals on 1 July 2003.Those who approve of the proposed regulations argue that house staff fatigue is responsible for physician error, depression, anger, and a lack of compassion for patients. But critics point to the adverse effects on key goals of house staff training—the development of accountability and responsibility. Can the rigorous discipline of medical education and the long tradition of medicine as a profession be reconciled with the current calls for limiting resident duty hours and on-call schedules? The intensity of patient care in teaching hospitals today is far greater than it was in the past.These changes in medical care make it critical to develop new programs that will reconcile rigorous, scientifically based humanistic medicine with the needs of patients and physicians. This will require imaginative and creative solutions that take a larger view of medical education and medical care than mere manpower cal- culations and numerical solutions focused simply on compliance with an 80-hour work week.
Is Adoption an Option? The Role of Importance of Motherhood and Fertility Help-Seeking in Considering Adoption

Americans have positive views of adoption, yet many never consider adoption. This study examined characteristics that predict whether women ever consider adoption as a pathway to motherhood using an analytic sample of 876 childless women from the National Survey of Fertility Barriers. Using Risman’s theory of gender as a social structure as a framework, we focused on the role of the importance of motherhood and infertility in predicting adoption consideration. Women who held higher levels of importance of motherhood and engaged in medical help-seeking for infertility were more likely to consider adoption at both the bivariate and multivariate levels. Women currently considering adoption were more likely to have seen a doctor for infertility, to have a high importance of motherhood, to be African American, and were generally older. Longitudinal research is needed to evaluate how views of adoption and the importance of motherhood change over time for individual women.
Involvement of Fas-mediated apoptosis in the inhibitory effects of interferon-α in chronic myelogenous leukemia

Interferon-α (IFN-α) is an established treatment for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in chronic phase, but the mechanism of its antileukemic activity is not clear. One possible mechanism of action might include the induction of apoptosis, and especially Fas-mediated cell killing may play an important role in the elimination of malignant cells. We investigated Fas receptor (Fas-R) expression and the consequences of Fas-R triggering in CML patients. Using two-color flow cytometry, we found a significantly higher number of Fas-R–expressing CD34+ cells in the bone marrow (BM) of CML patients compared with normal subjects. We have previously shown that IFN-γ induces Fas-R expression on CD34+ cells; in this study, we investigated whether IFN-α induces Fas-R expression on CML progenitor cells. Dose-dependent induction of Fas-R expression was observed after IFN-α stimulation of CD34+ cells from CML BM. In methylcellulose culture, IFN-α alone at a therapeutic concentration showed only marginal antiproliferative effects on both normal and CML BM progenitors. In contrast, a Fas-R agonist, the anti-CD95 monoclonal antibody CH11, inhibited colony formation from normal progenitors, and the inhibition was even stronger on CML progenitors. When CML BM cells were cultured in the presence of IFN-α, Fas-R–mediated inhibition of colony growth was potentiated in a dose-dependent fashion, consistent with IFN-α induction of Fas-R expression. This functional effect did not require the presence of accessory cells, since similar results were obtained with purified CD34+ cells. In suspension cultures, we demonstrated that suppression of CML hematopoiesis by IFN-α and Fas-R agonist was exerted through Fas-R–mediated induction of apoptosis. Our findings suggest that the Fas-R/Fas-ligand system might be involved in the immunologic regulation of CML progenitor growth and that its effect can be amplified by IFN-α.
Parameterizations of Sea-Spray Impact on the Air-Sea Momentum and Heat Fluxes

AbstractThis paper focuses on parameterizing the effect of sea spray at hurricane-strength winds on the momentum and heat fluxes in weather prediction models using the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory (a common framework for the parameterizations of air–sea fluxes). In this scheme, the mass-density effect of sea spray is considered as an additional modification to the stratification of the near-surface profiles of wind, temperature, and moisture in the marine surface boundary layer (MSBL). The overall impact of sea-spray droplets on the mean profiles of wind, temperature, and moisture depends on the wind speed at the level of sea-spray generation. As the wind speed increases, the mean droplet size and the mass flux of sea-spray increase, rendering an increase of stability in the MSBL and the leveling-off of the surface drag. Sea spray also tends to increase the total air–sea sensible and latent heat fluxes at high winds. Results from sensitivity testing of the scheme in a numerical weather prediction model...
Keynote Speech: Opportunities and Challenges for Mexico Today

Since its pre-colonial history, Mexico has demonstrated two contrary tendencies: the outward-looking, global trader and the protective, nationalist instinct. Today, the seven major constitutional reforms of the PRI government reflect the former. However, the teacher’s union, some presidential advisors, and the criminal justice system reflect a preference for the latter. The more progressive sectors of Mexican society assert the need to participate in the global economy, but latent protective and nationalist tendencies throw up challenges. This article examines several contemporary examples of each tendency and demonstrates how they coexist uneasily in modern Mexico.
Sexual Behaviors of University Freshmen and the Implications for Sexuality Educators

Descriptive data collected on the sexual behaviors of 531 freshmen at a large midwestern university found that the majority of students were sexually active in a monogamous relationship and used some method of birth control on a regular basis. Of those who had multiple partners, fewer than 50% used condoms to lower the risk of disease. Approximately 16% had increased their level of sexual activity since the fall semester began. Related findings and programming suggestions for post-secondary sexuality educators are discussed.
Uncovering the Market Price of Bribes: Information, Competition, and Corruption in India

Corruption is known to inhibit economic growth. The dearth of data on actual bribe payments, however, has been the major impediment for reliable quantitative knowledge of bribery and resulted in little consensus in methods of fighting corruption. This paper tests whether increased access to information on corruption affects prices and price dispersion of bribes paid when obtaining public services in India. In doing so, we take advantage of a novel dataset that is the most comprehensive ever-compiled on bribery. Our findings are three-fold. First, we find existence of substantial price dispersion of bribery for given month, city, and transactions. Second, the price and price dispersion tend to fall over time in competitive market but not in monopoly market. Third, we find that increased access to information on-line reduces price and price dispersion in monopoly market but not in competitive market. Consistent with the search cost models in industrial organization, these results highlight substantial effect of information on competition in the market of bribery.
Do You Know Where Your Headers Are? Comparing the Privacy of Network Architectures with Share Count Analysis

Online privacy is more important now than ever. Using encryption goes a long way by hiding application data from third parties, but some amount of private information is still exposed in packet headers. Tools like Tor are designed to address this concern, and, more recently, research efforts to replace IP have begun to consider how a network architecture itself can improve privacy.Unfortunately, we do not have a good way to quantitatively compare network architectures (in terms of privacy and in general). We take the first steps in this direction by presenting share count analysis, a methodology for measuring "how private" an architecture is. We describe our design and implementation and present initial results indicating that this approach is promising.
On the mechanisms of the grammaticalization of comitative and instrumental categories in Slavic

This article critically assesses probabilistic predictions on the theory of contact-induced grammaticalization of the comitative-instrumental polysemy in those Slavic languages which have had a history of long and intense interaction with either German or Italian. Having provided extensive dialectal data, I argue instead that there are no grounds for positing a direct correlation between the introduction of the comitative preposition to instrumental in “high-contact” Slavic languages and the history of language contact with German or Italian. I propose to distinguish between the grammaticalization of the comitative-instrumental polysemy due to analytic simplification and the grammaticalization of the instrumental-comitative polysemy due to synthetic simplification. The comitative marking for instrumentals in Slavic is likely to develop in places of prolonged multilingual contacts, not necessarily with German or Italian. Under these conditions one can predict the development of convergent analytic features in closely related or even areally contingent languages (dialects), as is the case of the Circum-Baltic area.
VI. The Future Organizational Pattern of the Executive Branch.

recognize that the best-laid plans on the books were quite inadequate as measured by events and quite impossible in the face of political realities. Third, they should see by now that "it worked"-that the war organization of the United States, such as it was, produced a mobilization of total national power and a welding together of world military operations beyond the highest dreams of 1939 or 1940 or the greatest fears of Hitler. Those of us who write recipes should taste this pudding !
A Framework for Integration of ns-3 with RAMS simulator

RAMS is a low-fidelity discrete-event simulator, created for simulating multiple agents in a single environment. The simulator is designed to be modular and versatile for use in future research of algorithms in the field of robotics and Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). A low-fidelity wireless network simulator is already present in RAMS for simulating simple ad-hoc network connectivity between agents. For more accurate testing and simulation of the algorithms, higherfidelity network simulation is required. This paper describes in detail the process of integrating a widely used academic network simulator called ns-3 into the existing framework of RAMS.
Some considerations for distribution automation planning

Distribution automation planning is the fundamental element to ensure the success of distribution automation by which the network reliability and operation performance could be greatly improved, and both social and economical benefit could be obtained. The distribution automation planning based on the cooperation of multi-disciplinarity, combined with network planning, can avoid the network reinforce- ment repeatedly and can improve investment return of the distribution automation project. Because distribution automation is still in a pri- mary stage in China, much more researches are still necessary for the basic procedure of distribution automation planning.
Hurler-like disorders in infancy.

The number of disorders which may present with a Hurler-like phenotype and the complexities of establishing a specific diagnosis require a combined clinical and laboratory approach. If, based on physical and radiographic features, such a disorder is suspected, screening tests can facilitate an orderly approach toward biochemical confirmation of a specific diagnosis.
5-Hydroxytryptamine responses in immature rat rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons in vitro

Hwang, L. L. and N. J. Dun. 5-Hydroxytryptamine responses in immature rat rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons in vitro. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 1033–1041, 1998. Whole cell patch recordings were made...
Oxidant exposure stimulates cultured coronary artery endothelial cells to release 15-HETE: differential effects on PGI2 and 15-HETE synthesis.

Oxidant stress to the endothelium is an important component of inflammatory processes involved in the pathogenesis of ischemic/reperfusion injury. The effects of acute oxidant exposure on cultured bovine coronary artery endothelial cell (BCA) functions including arachidonic acid metabolism, permeability, tissue factor expression, and viability were assessed after exposure of cells to the hydrogen peroxide-generating system of glucose-glucose oxidase (GO). GO markedly stimulated the synthesis of the arachidonic acid metabolites 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) and prostacyclin (PGI2). Both sublethal and lethal concentrations of GO increased 15-HETE release from BCAs by as much as 15-fold. In contrast to 15-HETE, enhanced PGI2 synthesis occurred at concentrations of GO that did not injure the BCA monolayers, whereas lethal doses of GO had no stimulatory effect on PGI2 production. Moreover, the sublytic oxidant-induced stimulation of PGI2 synthesis in BCAs (50-fold) was significantly greater than that induced by other mediators or that observed in parallel studies with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In vitro endothelial cell barrier function was determined by measuring iodine 125-labeled albumin clearance across confluent cell monolayers. GO increased cellular permeability in a concentration-dependent manner, although statistically significant increases were only observed at the highest (i.e., lethal) concentrations (C(alb) = 0.840 +/- 0.16 with 1.0 U/ml GO vs C(alb) = 0.24 +/- 0.02 in control cells). Finally, oxidant exposure did not induce BCA tissue factor activity at any concentration examined. These results suggest that oxidant exposure, as might occur during ischemic reperfusion, could affect subsequent coronary vascular responses by releasing the arachidonate metabolite 15-HETE, which can cause vasoconstriction as well as attract and activate leukocytes. In addition, oxidants may also modulate vascular reactivity by altering the release of the potent vasodilator and neutrophil modulator PGI2 as lower levels of oxidant generation stimulate its synthesis, whereas higher levels suppress PGI2 release. Thus the degree of oxidant stress may profoundly affect the endothelial synthesis and release of 15-HETE and PGI2, compounds with antagonist effects on vascular tone and neutrophil activation. Consequently the balance between oxidant-induced production of these mediators by the coronary endothelium may significantly affect the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury.
Anna Comnena’s Contemporaries

In the middle of the twelfth century, after an interval of comparative quiescence, Byzantine historiography regained its vigor. Before Nicephorus Bryennius died leaving his history unfinished, in 1138, Byzantine writers had produced only two histories over more than fifty years: the world chronicles by John Scylitzes and George Cedrenus, who say nothing about the reigns of the two emperors under whom they wrote. By contrast, during the fifty years beginning with 1138, seven histories appeared, including those of Bryennius and Anna Comnena. Three of these were world chronicles, but six dealt partly or entirely with contemporary events. Moreover, to judge from the number of our surviving manuscripts, the three world chronicles were among the most popular of the whole Byzantine period. All seven histories were substantial works, and one of them was the longest to be written in middle Byzantine times. Thus Byzantine historians and readers of history seem to have been relatively abundant during this prosperous, momentous, and ultimately disastrous period.
Model criticism for growth curve models via posterior predictive model checking

Longitudinal data structures are frequently encountered in a variety of disciplines in the social and behavioral sciences. Growth curve modeling offers a highly extensible framework that allows for...
Radio frequency interference detection for passive remote sensing using eigenvalue analysis

Radio frequency interference (RFI) can corrupt passive remote sensing measurements taken with microwave radiometers. With the increasingly utilized spectrum and the push for larger bandwidth radiometers, the likelihood of RFI contamination has grown significantly. In this work, an eigenvalue-based algorithm is developed to detect the presence of RFI and provide estimates of RFI-free radiation levels. Simulated tests show that the proposed detector outperforms conventional kurtosis-based RFI detectors in the low-to-medium interferece-to-noise-power-ratio (INR) regime under continuous wave (CW) and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) RFIs.
Anticancer actions of lysosomally targeted inhibitor, LCL521, of acid ceramidase

Acid ceramidase, which catalyzes ceramide hydrolysis to sphingosine and free fatty acid mainly in the lysosome, is being recognized as a potential therapeutic target for cancer. B13 is an effective and selective acid ceramidase inhibitor in vitro, but not as effective in cells due to poor access to the lysosomal compartment. In order to achieve targeting of B13 to the lysosome, we designed lysosomotropic N, N-dimethyl glycine (DMG)-conjugated B13 prodrug LCL521 (1,3-di-DMG-B13). Our previous results indicated the efficient delivery of B13 to the lysosome resulted in augmented effects of LCL521 on cellular acid ceramidase as evaluated by effects on substrate/product levels. Our current studies indicate that functionally, this translated into enhanced inhibition of cell proliferation. Moreover, there were greater synergistic effects of LCL521 with either ionizing radiation or Tamoxifen. Taken together, these results clearly indicate that compartmental targeting for the inhibition of acid ceramidase is an efficient and valuable therapeutic strategy.
Der Preisbegriff in der linearen Programmierung

In fruheren Kapiteln haben wir haufig die Simplexmultiplikatoren als „Preise“ bezeichnet. In diesem Kapitel wollen wir Beispiele aus der Wirtschaft besprechen, die nicht nur zeigen, wie sich diese Ansicht uber die Multiplikatoren in naturlicher Weise ergibt, sondern auch, wie dieser Gesichtspunkt eine wirtschaftstheoretische Interpretation der Simplexmethode selbst erlaubt. Wie wir sehen, sind diese Multiplikatoren selbst die Losung eines zweiten linearen Programmierungsproblems, das das duale des ersten genannt wird. Unser erstes Beispiel zeigt, wie ein Preis in einer Situation auftreten kann, bei der zunachst keine Preise vorliegen; das zweite und dritte Beispiel zeigen (in § 12-2), wie das duale System konkurrenzfahiger Preise fur neue Waren sich „in naturlicher Weise“ bei einer Situation ergibt, wo bereits Preise fur alte Produkte und Methoden existieren. Eine ausfuhrlichere Behandlung der Beziehungen zwischen linearer Programmierung und Wirtschaftstheorie findet man in mehreren ausgezeichneten Buchern (siehe die Literaturangaben am Ende des Kapitels).
Aren't Bosses Supposed to Manage You? A Qualitative Examination of Managing Your Boss

The concept of managing your boss (“MYB”) is gaining increasing attention among subordinates and the popular press; however, the academy to date has offered little insight into this phenomenon. The...
Speckle and Sensitivity in Modern Systems

In the previous chapter, Dr. Kessler has shown that it is possible to categorize the many types of modern acoustic imaging systems in various ways. One simple way, which we shall use below, is particularly clear cut in terms of ease of categorization. In addition it is especially effective in distinguishing between systems on the basis of the very important behavioral characteristics associated with speckle and sensitivity.
Utility of Oral Reading and Retell Fluency in Predicting Proficiency on the Montana Comprehensive Assessment System.

The purpose of this study was to document the relationship between two commonly-used indicators of reading proficiency (i.e., Oral Reading Fluency [ORF] and Retell Fluency [RTF]) and two reading ou...
A Pairing-Looping Model for Position-Effect Variegation in Drosophila

L. J. Stadler’s critical review, “The Gene” (Stadler, 1954), was published shortly after his death in 1954, when genes were defined abstractly by mutation, not molecularly by sequence, as they are today. In Stadler’s time, position-effect variegation (PEV) represented a challenge to any simple view of the gene, because a PEV mutation could act to silence multiple linked genes, a feature commonly referred to as “spreading”. One extreme view cited by Stadler was Goldschmidt’s contention that PEV reveals that genes do not exist, at least not as discrete entities. Whereas such uncertainties concerning the existence and nature of the gene were soon cleared up during the molecular biology revolution, the problem of spreading seen with PEV remains: how can a single lesion affect multiple discrete genes in a region?
PALEOCLIMATE | Timescales of Climate Change

Climate varies across a range of different timescales. This article discusses both time-domain and frequency-domain illustrations of climatic variations. In the frequency domain, a schematic variance spectrum describes the general increase in the variability of climate with increasing timescale, and the several timescales of greater variability that are related to the influence of external controls of climate and to internal mechanisms that generate quasiperiodic variations. In the time domain, examples from some representative time series illustrate the small number of typical or characteristic kinds of variation that recur across the full range of timescales. In addition to variations in its mean state, the climate system also experiences changes in variability over time, and such changes are examined using evolutionary spectral analysis. The potential for observing spurious periodicities in time series is also briefly addressed. The article also discusses the potential for observing spurious periodicities in time series.
Changes in the acute response of respiratory diseases to PM2.5 in New York State from 2005 to 2016.

Abstract Prior studies reported that exposure to increased concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were associated with increased rates of hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, rates were examined from 2005 to 2016 using a case-crossover design to ascertain if there have been changes in the rates per unit mass exposure given substantial reductions in PM2.5 concentration and changes in its composition. PM2.5 concentrations were reduced through a combination of policies designed to improve air quality and economic drivers, including the 2008 economic recession and shifts in the relative costs of coal and natural gas. The study period was split into three periods reflecting that much of the emissions changes occurred between 2008 and 2013. Thus, the three periods were defined as: BEFORE (2005 to 2007), DURING (2008–2013), and AFTER (2014–2016). In general, the number of hospitalizations and ED visits declined with the decreased concentration of PM2.5. However, the rate of COPD hospitalizations and asthma ED visits associated with each interquartile range increase in ambient PM2.5 concentration was larger in the AFTER period than the DURING and BEFORE periods. For example, each 6.8 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 on the same day was associated with 0.4% (0.0%, 0.8%), 0.3% (−0.2%, 0.7%), and 2.7% (1.9%, 3.5) increases in the rate of asthma emergency department visits in the BEFORE, DURING, and AFTER periods, respectively, suggesting the same mass concentration of PM2.5 was more toxic in the AFTER period.
Iatrogenic Arterial Gas Embolism From Esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

Abstract Background Arterial gas embolus (AGE) is a rare complication of esophagoduodenoscopy (EGD) that has been described in only a few case reports in the literature. The exact etiology remains unknown, but many of the cases share some common characteristics. Case Report We report the case of a 52-year-old otherwise healthy man who underwent outpatient EGD for a sensation of retained food in his esophagus. During the procedure, he suffered a tonic–clonic seizure, bradycardia, and hypoxia. Subsequent emergency department workup showed pneumocephalus on computed tomography brain imaging, and he was diagnosed with a cerebral AGE (CAGE). He was transferred to our facility for treatment of CAGE with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). After multiple hyperbaric treatments, he was discharged with a residual left hemiparesis, which represented a significant improvement in his overall neurologic status. We also present a review of similar EGD CAGE cases from the literature and discuss their outcomes and the need for HBOT. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Although CAGE from EGD is rare, these patients will often be transferred to the ED from gastrointestinal procedural suites and an emergency physician should understand that an iatrogenic CAGE can result from this procedure and that CAGE is a clinical diagnosis. Definitive care at a critical care–capable hyperbaric chamber will provide the patient with the best chance of meaningful recovery, and transport should be arranged as expeditiously as possible.
Prevalence of Long Work Hours by Spouse’s Degree Field and the Labor Market Outcomes of Skilled Women:

Using 2009 to 2015 American Community Survey (ACS) data, this article estimates the effect of the prevalence of long hours and short hours of work in a husband’s field of work, as defined by his un...
Peer Disruption and Learning: Links between Suspensions and the Educational Achievement of Non-Suspended Students

To evaluate the net effects of classroom disciplinary practices, policymakers and educators must understand not only their effects on disciplined students but also their effects on non-disciplined ...
Different approaches of measuring high-voltage nanosecond pulses and power delivery in plasma systems

In the presented study, we consider several methods to measure high-voltage, nanosecond-duration electrical pulses, and their implementation for understanding the applied voltage, current, incident, reflected, and power at a load. We examine different probes for the most common transmission line types used in high-voltage pulser’s output, present their strengths and weaknesses, and give recommendations for their use. Special attention was given to the back current shunt and its properties. This method allows scientists and researchers to directly observe the voltage profile in real-time and may find broader use in pulsed power and plasma applications.
Abstract 6576: DNA methylation reveals alternative promoter usage in genes critical to pediatric tumors

Transcriptional regulation is fundamental for cell identity and function, and it9s deregulation is a defining feature for common diseases, including cancers. Besides directly modifying the canonical promoter activities, tumors frequently utilize alternative promoters to increase the isoform diversity, activate oncogenes when the canonical promoters are repressed, and to evade host immune attacks by immune-editing. However, fresh-tissue availability and technical challenges represent major obstacles in genomewide promoter activity assessment in patient tumors by ChIP-seq experiments. Here, we presented MethylToActivity (M2A), a deep-learning framework that reveals promoter activities (H3K4me3 and H3K27ac) from DNA methylation (DNAm) patterns, a relatively stable epigenetic regulatory mechanism that can be robustly and accurately profiled in various tissues, including retrospective tumor samples archived using the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) method. Trained from a cohort of neuroblastomas (N = 6), we demonstrate that M2A 1) approaches the accuracies of ChIP-seq experiments in revealing promoter activities, 2) is generalizable to various pediatric and adult cancers, 3) captures changes of promoter activity associated with differentially methylated regions, and 4) faithfully recapitulates differential promoter usages among tumor subtypes. Importantly, M2A uncovers oncogenic activation of alternative promoters in genes critical for tumor survival while the canonical promoter remains inactive. These results substantiate that M2A is capable of accurately measuring promoter activities, which will be of great use not only to functionally interpret differential DNAm patterns, but to unveil alternative promoter usages in patient tumors, which will facilitate precision medicine by tailoring treatments based on both epigenetic deregulations and genetic variants. Citation Format: Justin Williams, Beisi Xu, Daniel Putnam, Xiang Chen. DNA methylation reveals alternative promoter usage in genes critical to pediatric tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6576.
A review of composite polymer-ceramic electrolytes for lithium batteries

Abstract All solid-state lithium batteries are garnering attention in both academia and industry. Lithium-ion conductive polymers and lithium-ion conductive ceramics are the two major classes of solid electrolytes that have prevalently been pursued for many years. However, each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. One approach to overcome the disadvantages and get the best out of each of those materials is a solid composite electrolyte that combines the advantages of inorganic ceramic electrolytes and solid polymer electrolytes. Such composite electrolytes can offer acceptable ionic conductivity, high mechanical strength, and favorable interfacial contact with electrodes, which can greatly improve the electrochemical performance of all‐solid‐state batteries compared to cells based on a polymer electrolyte alone or a ceramic electrolyte alone. We present in this review the state-of-the-art composite polymer-ceramic electrolytes in view of their electrochemical and physical properties for the applications in lithium batteries. The review mainly encompasses the polymer matrices, various ceramic filler materials, and the polymer/ceramics composite systems. In particular, the structures, ionic conductivities, electrochemical/chemical stabilities, and fabrications of solid composite electrolytes are discussed in-depth. On the basis of previous work, a perspective on future research directions is highlighted for developing high-performance composite polymer-ceramic electrolytes.
Carbachol and Nicotine in Prefrontal Cortex Have Differential Effects on Sleep-Wake States.

The role of the brainstem cholinergic system in the regulation of sleep-wake states has been studied extensively but relatively little is known about the role of cholinergic mechanisms in prefrontal cortex in the regulation of sleep-wake states. In a recent study, we showed that prefrontal cholinergic stimulation in anesthetized rat can reverse the traits associated with anesthesia and restore a wake-like state, thereby providing evidence for a causal role for prefrontal cholinergic mechanisms in modulating level of arousal. However, the effect of increase in prefrontal cholinergic tone on spontaneous sleep-wake states has yet to be demonstrated. Therefore, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that delivery of cholinergic agonists - carbachol or nicotine - into prefrontal cortex of rat during slow wave sleep (SWS) would produce behavioral arousal and increase the time spent in wake state. We show that unilateral microinjection (200 nL) of carbachol (1 mM) or nicotine (100 mM) into prefrontal cortex during SWS decreased the latency to the onset of wake state (p = 0.03 for carbachol, p = 0.03 for nicotine) and increased the latency to the onset of rapid eye movement sleep (p = 0.008 for carbachol, p = 0.006 for nicotine). Although the infusion of 1 mM carbachol increased the time spent in wake state (p = 0.01) and decreased the time spent in SWS (p = 0.01), infusion of 10 or 100 mM nicotine did not produce any statistically significant change in sleep-wake architecture. These data demonstrate a differential role of prefrontal cholinergic receptors in modulating spontaneous sleep-wake states.
Purposeful Rounding to Focus Attention and Drive Results in Therapist Engagement

Background: Employee engagement is a hot topic in healthcare and a strategic focus in many high performing organizations. Engagement leads to improved performance, higher productivity, and less turnover yet, according to a Gallup poll, 68% of the U.S. workforce is disengaged. The Studer Group, an authority on this topic, believes eliciting employee feedback through rounding is a foundation tactic to improve engagement. But, gathering feedback without mining for solutions delivers no opportunity for improving operational results. Methods: In 2018, the Penn Medicine Lancaster General Hospital9s Pulmonary department enhanced their rounding strategy to include focused solution finding. Termed Purposeful Rounding", the department9s leadership team added questions to their rounding that focused on lower scoring items from their previous year9s organizational employee engagement survey which included: workload, recognition, ideas and suggestions, training opportunities, and safe care (AHRQ question). Using a Likert scale, therapists were asked to rate their feelings on these topics and offer solutions to improve them. The team was continually asked for feedback to measure the impact of improvements made in the department. Results: The experiment was measured over 7 months where all therapists were rounded on at least once with a total of 135 individual rounds. The average score of the lowest scoring items of the 2017 survey was 19.3% favorable. As improvements were made and feedback was re-measured, favorable scores improved to 68.8%. Therapist retention rate was measured at 92.8% during the same time period. Conclusions: Eliciting feedback, mining for solutions, and idea execution resulted positive changes in the pulmonary department. The use of purposeful rounding provided the department the insight to identify these opportunities while providing an objective measure to the subjective metric of engagement. We hypothesize that these results will predict the results of our next formal engagement survey and improve the overall score by focusing on the lowest scoring items. "
An electric forklift routing problem with battery charging and energy penalty constraints

Concerns about environmental degradation and fossil fuel depletion have led to the advent of energy-aware manufacturing and material handling processes in factories and warehouses. However, as the transition to eco-friendly material handling by electric material handling vehicles (EMV) is progressing, the use of electric forklifts (EFs) remains a challenge, as these EMVs are recognized only as energy consumers. In this paper, we develop an integrated dynamic algorithm for solving the EF routing problem with battery charging constraints in which EFs’ picking or put-away routes, EFs’ battery charging schedules, and the number of EFs operated are simultaneously determined while considering electricity consumption in a warehouse. Time series of electricity-usage penalty estimated by predicted energy consumption in a warehouse facility and equipment level play key roles in establishing EF battery charging schedules. Dynamic models for the arrival processes in material handling and EF battery charging jobs in multiple EF queues are developed and implemented as core engines in the proposed dynamic control algorithm. Operational performance and energy performance of the proposed dynamic algorithm are examined using real energy and operational parameters of the Toyota 9BRU23/16.5 reach truck and compared to those of the metaheuristic approach, called adaptive large neighborhood search. Experimental results of large-size instances with uniformly distributed job locations show that an average 5.6% better performance is achieved by the proposed dynamic algorithm. An additional experiment with the proposed approach and clustered job locations results in 8.9% lower energy-related costs and 1.2% shorter EF travel distances, demonstrating the competitiveness of the proposed energy-aware EF operations strategy for warehouse administration.
Trust, Transparency, and Trauma Informed Care.

Not only is deception commonplace in medical encounters, according to Christopher Meyers (2021), but the clinical ethicist might have moral obligations to support and even enact deception. Descript...
Modeling Stability of Vacuum Electronic Devices With the Large-Signal Code TESLA-Z

We present a new approach to the study of the stability of Vacuum Electronic devices using the large-signal code TESLA-Z. The approach combines a precomputed complex impedance matrix for the structure Z with a TESLA computed admittance matrix Y of the beam-tunnel loaded with an electron beam. The gain matrix G for a given device then can be found as the product of the Z-matrix of the structure and admittance matrix Y of the beam-tunnel. Subsequent analysis of the eigenvalues of the gain-matrix G uses the Nyquist method to determine the stability of the device. We discuss details of the new algorithms and illustrate its application using available examples.
Coalition Formations and the Social Goal-Objective Setting

At the end of Chapter 3 of this monograph, we discussed social power and the exercise of the decision-making power in relation to social goal-objective formations in support of the national interests and social vision. The control of this decision-making power and the exercise of it may substantially depend on organized groups to claim power in the political structure and alter the conditions of individual and collective freedoms as may be seen in the economic and legal structures. The organized groups are called coalitions which are formed on the basis of common social preferences to will some form of social decision-making power. The direction to which the coalitions move the social decision-choice process is called the coalition effect. The coalition effect is part of the systemic causation that shapes the dynamics of the democratic collective decision-choice system from within. Three major social blocks are advanced. They are the public-sector-interest advocates, the private-sector-interest advocates and the social decision-making core. The public-sector and private-sector advocates constitute the initial decision-making group that creates the social decision-making core who then assumes the public responsibilities of governance and management of the social setup. These groups may be subdivided into other smaller groups with common sub-interest.
Advances in multiaxial fatigue life prediction for components with stress concentrations

Methodologies for predicting the multiaxial fatigue life of notched components are reviewed and discussed. As background, a brief overview of approaches for predicting the multiaxial fatigue life of smooth specimens is presented. Representative test data generated prior to the mid 1980s are summrized to demonstrate complexities involved in the multiaxial fatigue behavior of notched specimens. During the past decade, research efforts on this topic have increased, with emphasis on the development of new multiaxial fatigue damage parameters and approaches for simulating notch elastic-plastic cyclic stress-strain behavior. Progress towards the application of simplified approaches, such as Neuber's rule, to the prediction of notch stress-strain behavior for proportional multiaxial loading is described. Other promising work for predicting notch stress-strain behavior under nonproportional loading is summarized. The newer approaches have considered blunt circumferential notches or shoulder fillets and are based on surface stress-strain behavior. Test data are shown which suggest that such approaches may not be adequate for other types of notches (e.g. splines) for which the effect of notch geometry and subsurface stress-strain distributions may be important. It is suggested that development of methodologies appropriate for certain categories of notches may be the most fruitful approach to take in future studies, rather than seeking a universal methodology.
The joint DoD/NASA advanced launch system: Pathway to low-cost, highly operable space transportation

Abstract In response to changing needs, a major change in U.S. space transportation policy has occurred in the last few years. The joint Department of Defense/National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advanced Launch System program (ALS) intends to respond to this change in policy. The program, initiated in July 1987, completed Phase I at the end of August 1988 and is currently in Phase II. The ALS is cost optimized, rather than performance optimized, and will utilize advanced technology and innovative management and design approaches to achieve an ambitious congressionally mandated cost goal of $300/lb to low Earth orbit by the year 2005. The technological innovations will directly benefit other U.S. space transportation programs, such as the commercial programs and the National Aero Space Plane (NASP).
Zinc inhibition of rat NR1/NR2A N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors.

Zinc ions (Zn2+) are localized in presynaptic vesicles at glutamatergic synapses and released in an activity-dependent manner. Modulation of NMDA-type glutamate receptors by extracellular Zn2+ may play an important role under physiological conditions and during pathologies such as ischaemia or seizure. Zn2+ inhibits NMDA receptors containing the NR2A subunit with an IC50 value in the low nanomolar concentration range. Here we investigate at the single-channel level the mechanism of high affinity Zn2+ inhibition of recombinant NR1/NR2A receptors expressed in HEK293 cells. Zn2+ reversibly decreases the mean single-channel open duration and channel open probability determined in excised outside-out patches, but has no effect on single-channel current amplitude. A parallel series of experiments demonstrates that lowering extracellular pH (increasing proton concentration) has a similar effect on NR1/NR2A single-channel properties as Zn2+. Fitting the sequence of single-channel events with kinetic models suggests that the association of Zn2+ with its binding site enhances proton binding. Modelling further suggests that protonated channels are capable of opening but with a lower open probability than unprotonated channels. These data and analyses are consistent with Zn2+-mediated inhibition of NMDA receptors primarily reflecting enhancement of proton inhibition.
Vacancies in solid 4 He: Conflicting experimental evidence

We compare the properties of vacancies in4He implied by X-ray, NMR, and acoustic measurements with specific heat, pressure, and melting curve data. Taken together, these different measurements indicate that the model of vacancies as occupying a narrow band of states cannot be correct. Better agreement can be obtained by assuming that vacancies occupy a wide band but inconsistencies remain. An unambiguous determination of the properties of vacancies requires additional experimental and theoretical work.
Encounters with Jupiter - The Low Energy Charged Particle results of Voyager

Results of the Low Energy Charged Particle (LECP) experiments on board the Voyager spacecraft, designed to measure the fluxes and compositions of ions of energies 28 keV or greater and electrons of energies 15 keV or greater, during Jupiter encounter are presented. Observations of intense particle bursts coming from Jupiter several weeks before Jovian magnetosphere entry, magnetopause crossings, a hot corotating outer magnetospheric plasma, decreases in particle fluxes at the orbits of the Galilean satellites 10-hr particle flux periodicities and a magnetospheric wind are discussed. A new model of the Jovian magnetosphere based on the Voyager results is presented, and areas of continuing LECP Jovian data analysis are indicated.
NCLA’s Pay Equity Project:It’s About More than Loving being a Librarian!

The North Carolina Library Association recently completed an ambitious undertaking – a salary survey of every public and academic library in the state. The impetus behind the project was to assess pay equity of library positions in the state, and the survey also included every local government and institute of higher education in North Carolina. The result of this large-scale project is an impressive set of searchable and customizable databases of all survey findings, available to each and every participating organization, most likely including your library! As you’ll see from the statistics provided in this article, pay equity of library positions remains a problem in North Carolina. Findings from this project can help your library more effectively seek out funding for salaries.
Mathematical Model of Channel Catfish Foodfish Production in Multiple-Batch

Market size requirements for catfish change periodically, and catfish farmers must adjust quickly. Data from catfish pond studies at the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB) were used to develop mathematical models of catfish foodfish in multiple-batch culture across a variety of management alternatives. Two different functional forms (Cobb–Douglas and a modified translog) were each developed into average and stochastic frontier models. Inefficiency terms were found to be non-significant in the frontier models, thus making the average and frontier models equivalent. In the average regression models, the modified translog form demonstrated superior statistical values as compared to the Cobb–Douglas form, but the latter resulted in lower prediction error and was validated with the Chow test when used to predict observations from commercial catfish farms. This approach appears to have merit from the perspective of its statistical properties, and represents a step towards development of a model that co...