cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
I want it all and I want it now!: data retrieval in a distributed multimedia database system

A distributed algorithm for data retrieval in a distributed multimedia database system is presented. The algorithm combines the idea of a token ring algorithm with the use of parallelism to solve the 'hiccups' problem. Data objects are replicated across an array of disk stations to increase the total throughput of the system, and to prevent object requests from becoming unserviceable due to a failure of a disk station. Two replication strategies are examined: media independent partitioning and media type partitioning.
Chinese Imperial City Planning

Discusses what is known from textual and archaeological evidence about every Chinese imperial capital, from the earliest times to the end of the 20th century. It explains the fundamental architectural principles and the visual characteristics of imperial planning in China.
Recording Method for Chemical Relaxation Experiments

THE aim of all relaxation kinetic experiments (of the temperature jump type, pressure jump type and so on) is to measure the relaxation times (τ values) of chemical equilibria. In most cases, the detailed mechanism of the reaction involved can be established from the concentration dependence of these constants and the individual rate constants of the elementary steps determined1,2. This communication describes a new method for recording and evaluation of relaxation kinetic data. In principle, this technique makes possible the detection and measurement of all relaxation times of a chemical equilibrium from the recording of a single transient function.
Pigmented basal cell epithelioma arising in the scar of an onchocerciasis nodule.

: Pigmented basal ceil epithelioma (BCE) arose in the scar of an onchocercoma nodule in a 45-year-old white man. There were extensive fibrosis. inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia. and nests of basal cancer cells. The authors believe that the development of epithelioma in this case was more than a chance occurrence. There is little doubt that the malignant change was subsequent to the scarring-proliferative process of the disease. To the authors’knowledge, this complication has not been reported previously.
Assessing the Validity of Participant-Derived Compared to Staff-Derived Values to Compute a Binge Score

Aims This study examined the validity of two methods of classifying binge drinkers. Methods Adult drinkers ( n = 166) completed the Alcohol Use Questionnaire (AUQ) and a Timeline Followback (TLFB) interview to characterize drinking during the past 28 days. Using Townshend and Duka's (2005) recommendations, answers on three AUQ items (average drinks per hour, number of times drunk within the prior 6 months and percentage of times drunk when drinking) were used to derive a binge score that was then used to classify drinkers as Binge, Non-Binge and Unclassifiable. Two methods for calculating binge scores were compared: (a) Participant-derived, using participants' answers on the 3 AUQ items; and (b) Staff-derived, staff used TLFB interview information to answer the 3 AUQ items. Additionally, Participant- and Staff-derived classifications were used to predict future drinking behaviors assessed by a second TLFB interview. Results Participant- and Staff-derived binge scores had a low concordance rate. Staff-derived classifications were better than Participant-derived classifications at predicting future binge drinking behavior and identifying group differences in drinking behavior reported during the second TLFB interview (average drinks per hour, number of times drunk within the prior 6 months, and percentage of times drunk when drinking). Conclusions Classifying drinkers using staff-guided TLFB interview methods instead of self-reported participant generalizations of typical drinking habits better relates to real-world drinking. Classification schemes that rely on dichotomous categorization of drinkers (Binge vs. Non-Binge) may be missing individuals who engage in harmful patterns of drinking. A continuous scale or index characterizing problematic drinking may be more useful.
Translating Research Into Practice for Healthcare Providers The American Heart Association’s Strategy for Building Healthier Lives, Free of Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke

The American Heart Association's (AHA's) mission is "to build healthier lives, free of cardiovascular diseases and stroke." This first article in a 2-part series will serve to present an overview of the work the AHA has undertaken to translate evidence into practice for healthcare professionals. It describes the extensive work of the AHA to support and further the delivery of evidence-based medicine, which includes the following: (1) supporting scientific discovery and the next generation of healthcare professionals and researchers; (2) disseminating scientific information; (3) developing evidence-based guidelines and statements; (4) creating and advocating for the implementation of performance indicators/measures; (5) developing clinical decision support and quality improvement tools; and (6) developing directed-cause campaigns, all of which can lead to improved patient care. This article also discusses the need for novel approaches and some of the AHA's evolving strategies to help address gaps in care. The second article, which will be published shortly after this one, will examine the AHA's efforts to engage and empower healthcare consumers to become more involved with their own health and health care.
Recoverable work versus asymptotic relaxation modulus in agar, carrageenan and gellan gels

Cylindrical specimens of agar, carrageenan and gellan gels (1&2%) were uniaxially compressed to various predetermined strain levels and then decompressed. In an independent set of tests, specimens of the same gels were compressed to the same strains and then allowed to relax. Both the percent recoverable work, calculated from the stress-strain relationships in the compression-decompression cycles and the magnitude of the asymptotic relaxation modulus, calculated from the normalized and linearized relaxation curves, decreased as the strain increased. In all three gels there was a linear correlation between the percent recoverable work and the magnitude of the asymptotic modulus at corresponding strains, a sign that both parameters are indicative of these gels’ degree of elasticity and the latter's strain dependency.
Acute ischaemic colitis associated with oral phenylephrine decongestant use.

In this case, the authors have presented for the first time that ischaemic colitis may be associated with phenylephrine use. Since phenylephrine is the more common active ingredient in over-the-counter (OTC) cold medications, other presentations may follow this case. A MEDLINE search was performed for all case reports or case series of ischaemic colitis secondary to pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine use published between 1966 and 2013. The search resulted in four case reports and one case series describing patients with acute onset ischaemic colitis with exposure to pseudoephedrine immediately prior to onset. However, we found no case reports of ischaemic colitis associated with phenylephrine use. We present this case as an unexpected clinical outcome of phenylephrine, which has not been associated with ischaemic colitis in the literature. Also, this case serves as a reminder of the important clinical lesson to question all patients’ use of OTC and prescribed medications.
Are Heart-Lung Transplant Recipients Protected From Developing Transplant Coronary Artery Disease? A Case-Matched Intracoronary Ultrasound Study

Background Accelerated coronary artery disease is a major cause of mortality in heart transplant recipients; however, it does not appear to play a major role in the clinical outcome of heart-lung transplant recipients. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the incidence and severity of transplant coronary artery disease as detected by intracoronary ultrasound in heart-lung transplant recipients are less than those encountered in heart transplant recipients. Methods and Results We studied the left anterior descending coronary artery with the use of intracoronary ultrasound imaging in 22 heart-lung transplant recipients at the time of their routine annual coronary angiogram. Twenty-two heart transplant recipients were case matched for number of years after transplant at ultrasound study, recipient age, donor age, and diagnosis of nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Mean intimal area, intimal index, Stanford class, and incidence of at least moderate disease (Stanford class ≥3) were measured and calculat...
Transmission scheduling based on a new conflict graph model for multicast in multihop wireless networks

In multicast applications, the end-to-end delay from the source to a group member is determined by the multicast tree topology and the waiting time at each relay node. This paper addresses when the multicast tree is given how to schedule wireless nodes for transmission so that network delay is minimized. We first model the conflict relation among wireless transmissions in a conflict graph, and then we compute a transmission schedule based on an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model. Since solving ILP problem is NP-hard, a heuristic is designed to solve the ILP problem. The resulting schedule is conflict-free, which is guaranteed by the feasibility of the ILP model. Simulation results show significant reduction of delay when compared with a First Come First Serve (FCFS) scheduling policy.
Comparison of the i-STAT handheld activated clotting time with the Hemochron activated clotting time during and after percutaneous coronary intervention.

calcium and comparison with electron beam CT. AJR 2000;174:915–921. 8. Becker CR, Kleffel T, Crispin A, Knez A, Young J, Schoepf UJ, Haberl R, Reiser MF. Coronary artery calcium measurement: agreement of multirow detector and electron beam CT. AJR 2001;176:1295–1298. 9. Hoffmann U, Bodlaj G, Derfler K, Bernhard C, Wicke L, Herold CJ, Kostner K. Quantification of coronary artery calcification in patients with FH using EBCT. Eur J Clin Invest 2001;31:471–475. 10. Agatston AS, Janowitz WR, Hildner FJ, Zusmer NR, Viamonte M, Detrano R. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;15:827–832. 11. Hoff JA, Chomka EV, Krainik AJ, Daviglus M, Rich S, Kondos GT. Age and gender distributions of coronary artery calcium detected by electron beam tomography in 35,246 adults. Am J Cardiol 2001;87:1335–1339. 12. Goodman WG, Goldin J, Kuizon BD, Yoon C, Gales B, Sider D, Wang Y, Chung J, Emerick A, Greaser L, Elashoff RM, Salusky IB. Coronary-artery calcification in young adults with end-stage renal disease who are undergoing dialysis. New Engl J Med 2000;342:1478–1483. 13. Callister TQ, Raggi P, Cooil B, Lippolis NJ, Russo NJ. Effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on coronary artery disease as assessed by electron-beam computed tomography. New Engl J Med 1998;339:1972–1978. 14. Corti R, Fayad ZA, Fuster V, Worthley SG, Helft G, Chesebro J, Mercuri M, Badimon JJ. Effects of lipid-lowering by simvastatin on human atherosclerotic lesions: a longitudinal study by high-resolution, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 2001;104:249–252. 15. Delsing DJ, Offerman EH, van Duyvenvoorde W, van Der Boom H, de Wit EC, Gijbels MJ, van Der Laarse A, Jukema JW, Havekes LM, Princen HM. Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor avasimibe reduces atherosclerosis in addition to its cholesterol-lowering effect in ApoE*3-Leiden mice. Circulation 2001;103:1778–1786. 16. Shah PK, Yano J, Reyes O, Chyu KY, Kaul S, Bisgaier CL, Drake S, Cerek B. High-dose recombinant apolipoprotein A-I Milano mobilizes tissue cholesterol and rapidly reduces plaque lipid and macrophage content in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Potential implications for acute plaque stabilization. Circulation 2001;103:3047–3050. 17. Kramsch DM, Aspen AJ, Rolzer LJ. Atherosclerosis. Prevention by agents not affecting abnormal levels of blood lipids. Science 1981;213:1511–1512. 18. Schinke T, McKee MD, Karsenty G. Extracellular matrix calcification: where is the action? Nat Genet 1999;21:150–151. 19. Luo G, Ducy P, McKee MD, Pinero GJ, Loyer E, Behringer RR, Karsenty G. Spontaneous calcification of arteries and cartilage in mice lacking matrix GLA protein. Nature 1997;386:78–81. 20. Bjorkerud S, Bjorkerud B. Apoptosis is abundant in human atherosclerotic lesions, especially in inflammatory cells (macrophages and T cells), and may contribute to the accumulation of gruel and plaque instability. Am J Pathol 1996;149:367–380.
The absorption in the rat of a 1,3-dioleyl-2-deuteriostearyl glyceride-C14 and a 1-monodeuteriostearyl glyceride-C14.

Abstract 1. 1. The isolation of free glycerol-C14 from the lumen of rats fed 1,3-dioleyl-2-deuteriostearyl glyceride-C14 and mono-1-deuteriostearyl glyceride-C14 has demonstrated hydrolysis to completion at this site. Further verification in the case of the latter compound was furnished by the substantiation of the presence of free deuterium-containing fatty acids in the unabsorbed residues. 2. 2. Following the ingestion of both substances, fractionation and identification of the intestinal neutral fat components has established the existence of a monoglyceride with an isotopic ratio very nearly equal to that of the glycerides fed. The capacity of the monoglyceride to enter the mucosa without previous hydrolysis was thus unequivocally proven. 3. 3. The C 14 D ratios of the intestinal neutral fats after the administration of the triglyceride averaged 0.61 at 3 hr. and 0.45 at 6 hr. Reduction of isotopic ratios with time was also noted in the unabsorbed residues. These observations would therefore indicate that absorption in the glyceride form is dominant in the early stages, with the penetration of free fatty acids increasing in importance in the later stages. 4. 4. The absorbed glycerides have been implicated here as precursors of both the higher glycerides and the phospholipides. The relation of these processes to the structure of the ingested glyceride has been discussed.
A new epicardial lesion set for minimal access left atrial maze: the Dallas lesion set.

Purpose Improvements in enabling technology have facilitated minimal access techniques to the surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation. A variety of lesion sets (usually targeting only the left atrium) have been used in attempts to ablate atrial fibrillation. We describe a new epicardial approach to apply a set of left atrial lesions, which are electrophysiologically equivalent to all the left atrial lesions of the Cox maze III while using minimal access techniques. Description Using minimal access techniques, we have isolated the pulmonary veins and made connecting lesions on the dome of the left atrium to create a set of lesions electrophysiologically equivalent to all the left atrial lesions of the Cox maze III. Intraoperative electrophysiological evaluation is used to insure complete isolation across each lesion line. Evaluation Using these minimal access procedures, we have obtained a complete block across all lesion lines in all patients. Conclusions These techniques have made it possible to perform the full Cox maze III left atrial lesion set with minimal access techniques.
Using Ethnography to Assess Barriers to Services in a Washington DC Community Clinic

There are over 42 million uninsured people living in the United States today. Even though a small percent of these 42 million are immigrants, they are more likely to be uninsured because of limited access to low-cost insurance. This is particularly true for those who are low-income, unemployed or under-employed (Kaiser Family Foundation, April 2001). Low-income immigrants may face a number of barriers to accessing health care services, which, in turn, can cause disparity in health outcomes compared to individuals who have health insurance. Latinos represent about 12% of the population, but make up 25% of the Nation's uninsured (American College of Physicians 2000). Newly immigrant Latinos are almost three times less likely to have a consistent source of medical care, which is a strong predictor of obtaining preventative health care screening (American College of Physicians 2000). Since each community experiences the health care system in different ways and because political, economic and social conditions...
Plerixafor mobilization leads to a lower ratio of CD34+ cells to total nucleated cells which results in greater storage costs

Background Plerixafor (Mozobil, AMD3100) with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) mobilizes more CD34+ cells/kg compared to G-CSF alone. Given that plerixafor enhances mobilization of multiple WBC lineages, we determined if more storage space is required for products collected from patients mobilized with plerixafor.
Authority, Self-Determination, and Community in Cosmopolitan War

This paper examines Cecile Fabre’s cosmopolitan reductionist approach to war. It makes three main points. First, I show that Fabre must ‘thin down’ justice’s content in order to justify the cosmopolitan claim that the same rights and duties bind people everywhere. Second, I investigate Fabre’s account of the values at stake in national sovereignty and territorial integrity. Can cosmopolitanism explain why it is permissible to fight in defense of one’s political community? I doubt it. I argue that Fabre’s reductionist approach cannot justify national self-defense in many cases. Finally, I explore the role that authoritative institutions play in specifying the rights and duties we have under cosmopolitan justice. I believe Fabre takes an overly simple view of the relationship between rights, duties, and authoritative institutions. A more complex account may leave less space for private war on the part of individuals than she does.
Upper limits for the rate constant for the reaction Br + H2O2 → HBr + HO2

Abstract Upper limits for the rate constant for the reaction Br + H 2 O 2 → HBr + HO 2 have been measured over the temperature range 298 to 417 K in a discharge flow, system using a mass spectrometer as a detector. Results are K 1 −15 cm 3 s −1 at 298 K and K 1 −15 cm 3 s −1 at 417 K, respectively. The implication to Stratospheric chemistry is discus
Fibrosarcoma of penis.

Abstract A case of fibrosarcoma arising from a circumcision scar is presented. Electron microscopy studies and a review of the literature are included.
Crystallinity and compositional changes in carbonated apatites: Evidence from 31P solid-state NMR, Raman, and AFM analysis

Solid-state (magic-angle spinning) NMR spectroscopy is a useful tool for obtaining structural information on bone organic and mineral components and synthetic model minerals at the atomic-level. Raman and 31P NMR spectral parameters were investigated in a series of synthetic B-type carbonated apatites (CAps). Inverse 31P NMR linewidth and inverse Raman PO43− ν1 bandwidth were both correlated with powder XRD c-axis crystallinity over the 0.3–10.3 wt% CO32− range investigated. Comparison with bone powder crystallinities showed agreement with values predicted by NMR and Raman calibration curves. Carbonate content was divided into two domains by the 31P NMR chemical shift frequency and the Raman phosphate ν1 band position. These parameters remain stable except for an abrupt transition at 6.5 wt% carbonate, a composition which corresponds to an average of one carbonate per unit cell. This near-binary distribution of spectroscopic properties was also found in AFM-measured particle sizes and Ca/P molar ratios by elemental analysis. We propose that this transition differentiates between two charge-balancing ion-loss mechanisms as measured by Ca/P ratios. These results define a criterion for spectroscopic characterization of B-type carbonate substitution in apatitic minerals.
Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for Conn’s syndrome complicated by ipsilateral congenital pelvic kidney

A patient presented with hypertension, hypokalemia, and a 1.2-cm left adrenal tumor. Conn's syndrome was diagnosed, for which laparoscopic adrenalectomy is now the therapy of choice. This case was complicated by an ipsilateral ectopic pelvic kidney. A laparoscopic left adrenalectomy was performed via a lateral transabdominal approach. Without the usual anatomic landmark of the ipsilateral kidney, the left adrenal gland was difficult to identify, so intraoperative ultrasound was used to locate the lesion. Postoperatively, the patient's blood pressure and potassium normalized. This is the first documented report of a laparoscopic adrenalectomy performed for adrenal adenoma with the anatomic disruption of an ipsilateral pelvic kidney.
Asymmetric nafion/(zirconium oxide) hybrid membranes via in situ sol-gel chemistry

Nafion-in situ sol-gel reactions were affected for Zr(OBu)4 that permeated low water content membranes unidirectionally. IR peaks reflecting ZrO2 and incomplete hydrolysis of ZrOBu groups near both surfaces were detected. Vibrations of Zr(OEt)4 detected near both sides arise from alkoxy exchange in the presence of the solvent EtOH. Unreacted alkoxy group bands are more distinct near the nonpermeated surface. An IR band for the ZnOBu group diminishes, whereas that for ZnOEt increases with increasing time near the permeated surface due to progressive alkoxy exchange. The ZrO2 band becomes more intense with time near the permeated surface. X-ray spectroscopy/scanning electron microscopy studies of Zr concentration across the membrane thickness verified compositional asymmetry. CO2 gas permeability versus upstream pressure plots are monotonically increasing, suggesting diffusion accompanied by complex plasticization. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A reconfigurable platform for the design and verification of domain-specific accelerators

In this paper we present Vortex: a reconfigurable Network-on-Chip platform suitable for implementing domain-specific hardware accelerators in a design efficient manner. Our Vortex platform provides a flexible means to compose domain-specific accelerators for streaming applications such as performance critical machine vision systems. By substituting a traditional shared-bus architecture with low latency packet-switched routers and high utility network adaptors, maximum performance is exploited with minimal regard to communication infrastructure design and validation. To highlight the utility of the Vortex platform we present a case study in which a video analytics pipeline is mapped onto a multi-FPGA system. The system meets real-time throughput requirements on 3 Megapixel 48-bit image sequences with minimal resource overhead attributed to the Vortex communication infrastructure.
Critical current behavior in narrow YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films

Abstract Critical current measurements are reported for narrow strips (down to ∼ 1.0 μm) of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ thin films deposited and lithographically patterned by various means. A systematic increase in the critical current densities is observed in the narrowest strips, suggesting the possible presence of edge pinning in these films. The critical currents are fpund to be near the depairing limit for these particular films. The critical currents are found to decrease with increasing temperature near zero temperature as in the flux creep formula of Tinkham. The pinning energy derived in the flux creep regime of a 6 μm wide strip is found to be approximately 100 meV.
Building the railways of the Raj, 1850-1900

Some 25,000 miles of railways were constructed in India from 1850 to 1900. This involved a substantial investment of British capital, the transplantation of Victorian railway technology to the British Indian Empire, the presence of a small, supervisary cadre of British engineers, skilled workmen and overseers, and the mobilization of millions of Indian workers. This is the first, wide-scale examination of this subject in modern times. It explains how great physical obstacles and human complexities -- for example massive rivers, epidemics of disease and the co-ordinated use of large labour gangs - tested alike the skills and fortitude of British supervisors and the Indian workers, whose labour built the railways and whose construction-related deaths numbered in tens of thousands. This book is intended for students of modern Indian history, technology transfer, labour history and railway enthusiasts.
A 802.11 based slotted dual-channel reservation MAC protocol for in-building multi-hop networks

In this paper, we propose a novel slotted Dual-Channel Reservation (DCR) MAC protocol that uses 802.11 primitives for providing both Quality of Service (QoS) and fairness. RTS/CTS handshaking is transmitted on a separated control channel to prevent successive collisions of RTS and CTS packets with existing data transmission. Furthermore, contention for channel access may be initiated by sender as well as receiver depending on the channel status for better fairness. A simple slot reservation algorithm in the data channel provides high efficiency. The main conclusion is that reservation access benefits both delay performance, and efficiency as well as fairness-the reason being that not only an exposed terminal can regain the channel more easily because of dramatically reduced contention (RTS-CTS) traffic, but also a hidden terminal receives less collisions in handshaking since any node winning a slot will quit contending on the control channel. Therefore, it is highly recommended to use reservation access even if the prevailing traffic is data, e.g. TCP. To enhance delay performance, we devise a fake packet repeating mechanism that can reserve the slot for a connection even if the user temporarily has no packets to transmit. Simulations based on key metrics-throughput, fairness index and mean delay are performed to validate the new protocol and quantify its advantages. The limitations of the proposed DCR-802.11 protocol due to need for global clock synchronization and dual channels are also discussed.
Beyond symmetry: From organic to main group to stereochemistry and back

Abstract The thesis of this paper is: molecular stereoelectronics cannot be understood on the basis of orbital symmetry considerations alone. Rather, it is symmetry coupled to color , a code word for the intrinsic ability of an atom to form bonds by overlap, that jointly dictate molecular shape. This can only be seen by a theory which explicitly and pictorially projects the interplay between atomic excitation necessary for bond formation and the energy gain due to bond-making itself. Such is MOVB theory, a theory tailored for the human mind rather than for the computer and based on a fusion of MO and VB concepts. According to MOVB, one views a molecule as a composite of two or more fragments and writes the total wavefunction as a linear combination of substates, called bond diagrams, each of which is nothing other than a distinct, symmetry-consistent way of connecting the fragments by bonds or antibonds. The method is first illustrated and then applied to specific stereochemical problems drawn from various subdisciplines of chemistry. The following conclusions emerge: (a) There is no such thing as an “Isoelectronic Principle” in molecular stereochemistry; this is, at best, a local concept often useful for “row comparisons”. (b) Organometallic fragments, such as metal carbonyls, resemble heavy main group atoms in the way they bind. (c) With respect to the entire Periodic Table, “organic” stereochemical principles are the exception and not the rule. (d) From knowledge of heavy main group structures, one may predict organometallic structures, and conversely, by reference to a dictionary of symmetry/color analogies. (e) The fact that valence isoelectronic species can have different shapes is the physical manifestation of the fact that the mechanism of electron delocalization is color-dependent, as shown in a separate paper.
Linear stability of selfsimilar solutions of unstable thin-ﬁlm equations

Steady states, which exist for all values ofm andn above, are shown to be stable ifm 6nC 2 when 0 < n 6 2, marginally stable if m 6 nC 2 when 2 < n < 3, and unstable otherwise. Dynamical selfsimilar solutions are known to exist for a range of values ofn whenmDnC 2. We carry out the analysis of the stability of these solutions when nD 1 and mD 3. Spreading selfsimilar solutions are proven to be stable. Selfsimilar blowup solutions with a single local maximum are proven to be stable, while selfsimilar blowup solutions with more than one local maximum are shown to be unstable. The equations above are gradient flows of a nonconvex energy on formal infinite-dimensional manifolds. In the special casenD 1 the equations are gradient flows with respect to the Wasserstein metric. The geometric structure of the equations plays an important role in the analysis and provides a natural way to approach a family of linear stability problems. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 35B35, 35K55, 76A20.
Computational analysis of LexA regulons in Cyanobacteria

The transcription factor LexA plays an important role in the SOS response in Escherichia coli and many other bacterial species studied. Although the lexA gene is encoded in almost every bacterial group with a wide range of evolutionary distances, its precise functions in each group/species are largely unknown. More recently, it has been shown that lexA genes in two cyanobacterial genomes Nostoc sp. PCC 7120 and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 might have distinct functions other than the regulation of the SOS response. To gain a general understanding of the functions of LexA and its evolution in cyanobacteria, we conducted the current study. Our analysis indicates that six of 33 sequenced cyanobacterial genomes do not harbor a lexA gene although they all encode the key SOS response genes, suggesting that LexA is not an indispensable transcription factor in these cyanobacteria, and that their SOS responses might be regulated by different mechanisms. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests that lexA was lost during the course of evolution in these six cyanobacterial genomes. For the 26 cyanobacterial genomes that encode a lexA gene, we have predicted their LexA-binding sites and regulons using an efficient binding site/regulon prediction algorithm that we developed previously. Our results show that LexA in most of these 26 genomes might still function as the transcriptional regulator of the SOS response genes as seen in E. coli and other organisms. Interestingly, putative LexA-binding sites were also found in some genomes for some key genes involved in a variety of other biological processes including photosynthesis, drug resistance, etc., suggesting that there is crosstalk between the SOS response and these biological processes. In particular, LexA in both Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 and Gloeobacter violaceus PCC7421 has largely diverged from those in other cyanobacteria in the sequence level. It is likely that LexA is no longer a regulator of the SOS response in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. In most cyanobacterial genomes that we analyzed, LexA appears to function as the transcriptional regulator of the key SOS response genes. There are possible couplings between the SOS response and other biological processes. In some cyanobacteria, LexA has adapted distinct functions, and might no longer be a regulator of the SOS response system. In some other cyanobacteria, lexA appears to have been lost during the course of evolution. The loss of lexA in these genomes might lead to the degradation of its binding sites.
“Omega is a Four-Letter Word”: Toward a Tension-Centered Model of Resistance to Information and Communication Technologies

The adoption of enterprise-wide information and communication technologies (ICTs) has become a growing trend in a wide range of industries. Resistance has been identified as one of the most common reasons for unsuccessful implementations. Assuming technologies as fixed objects, many existing theories tend to reduce resistance to psychological mechanisms or structural misalignment. The purpose of this study is to retheorize resistance to ICTs by integrating a social constructionist perspective of technology and a framework of organizational tensions. By employing qualitative methods, a case study examined the adoption, implementation and use of an enterprise-wide software system in a technology service organization. The in-depth case analysis revealed a tension-centered process model, which shows that resistance to ICTs is constituted in a dynamic, reflexive interplay between the ongoing construction of ICTs and organizational tensions. In this process, an ICT adoption brings into play various organization...
Sub-critical telephone cord delamination propagation and adhesion measurements

Thin film delamination can occur when the stored elastic energy per unit area in the film due to the residual stress exceeds the interfacial toughness. Telephone cord morphology is commonly observed in delaminating thin films under compressive stresses. Here, the biaxial film stress is partially relieved by film buckling in the direction perpendicular to the telephone cord propagation, and by “secondary” blister buckling in the direction of telephone cord propagation, which results in the sinusoidal fracture patterns. A superlayer indentation test, in which additional stress is supplied to the crack tip using a nanoindenter, can be used to measure the interfacial toughness. Estimates of the energy release rate for diamond-like carbon (DLC) films on magnetic media were obtained using the superlayer indentation test, as well as the delaminated buckling profiles. The results obtained by these two independent methods are in good agreement with each other. We find the average adhesion energy to be 6 J/m2 for DLC films on magnetic media. Normally telephone cord blisters “run out of steam” and stop once the interfacial toughness exceeds the strain energy release rate. It is possible to make blisters propagate further by either putting mechanical energy into the system, or by introducing liquids at the crack tip, thus reducing the film interfacial toughness. Environmental species can assist cracking and contribute to thin film delamination, which is readily observed in vintage mirrors. Crack propagation rates on the order of microns per minute were measured for DLC films in different fluid environments. We identify how telephone cord buckling delamination can be used as a test vehicle for studying crack propagation rates and environmentally assisted cracking in thin films.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi Structures in Maize Root Cells

Maize root tips were fixed in potassium permanganate, embedded in epoxy resin, sectioned to show silver interference color, and studied with the electron microscope. All the cells were seen to contain an endoplasmic reticulum and apparently independent Golgi structures. The endoplasmic reticulum is demonstrated as a membrane-bounded, vesicular structure comparable in many aspects to that of several types of animal cells. With the treatment used here the membranes appear smooth surfaced. The endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the nuclear envelope and, by contact at least, with structures passing through the cell wall. The nuclear envelope is characterized by discontinuities, as previously reported for animal cells. The reticula of adjacent cells seem to be in contact at or through the plasmodesmata. Because of these contacts the endoplasmic reticulum of a given cell appears to be part of an intercellular system. The Golgi structures appear as stacks of platelet-vesicles which apparently may, under certain conditions, produce small vesicles around their edges. Their form changes markedly with development of the cell.
Scattered lookahead without finding polynomial roots or solving simultaneous equations

In this paper, we describe a method of calculating scattered lookahead coefficients that leads to a simple closed-form expression for the scattered lookahead filters. The coefficients are then found by simple polynomial multiplication. We also give closed-form expressions for any recursive decomposition of scattered lookahead.
Evidence from olivine/melt element partitioning that nonbridging oxygen in silicate melts are not equivalent

Abstract Partitioning of Ca, Mn, Mg, and Fe2+ between olivine and melt has been used to examine the influence of energetically nonequivalent nonbridging oxygen in silicate melts. Partitioning experiments were conducted at ambient pressure in air and 1400°C with melts in equilibrium with forsterite-rich olivine (Fo >95 mol%). The main compositional variables of the melts were NBO/T and Na/(Na+Ca). In all melts, the main structural units were of Q4, Q3, and Q2 type with nonbridging oxygen, therefore, in the Q3 and Q2 units. For melts with high Q3/Q2-abundance ratio (corresponding to NBO/T near 1), increasing Na/(Na+Ca) [and Na/(Na+Ca+Mn+Mg+Fe2+)] results in a systematic decrease of the partition coefficients, KCaol/melt, KMnol/melt, KMgol/melt, and KFe2+ol/melt, because of ordering of the network-modifying Ca, Mn, Mg, and Fe2+ among nonbridging oxygen in Q3 and Q2 structural units. This decrease is more pronounced the smaller the ionic radius of the cation. With decreasing Q3/Q2 abundance ratio (less-polymerized melts) this effect becomes less pronounced. Activity-composition relations among network-modifying cations in silicate melts are, therefore, governed by availability of energetically nonequivalent nonbridging oxygen in individual Qn-species in the melt. As a result, any composition change that enhances abundance of highly depolymerized Qn-species will cause partition coefficients to decrease.
Developing faculty bodies through training and infusing industrially experienced engineers and scientists

The objective of this paper is to advance faculty development for engineering eduction by training and infusing into established faculty bodies a new category of faculty. To achieve this objective, a sample of senior industrially-experienced engineers and scientists would be recruited, reoriented, retrained, and placed in supervised interactive teaching internships in preparation for services on engineering faculties to fulfil special needs.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 overexpression improves central nitric oxide-mediated sympathetic outflow in chronic heart failure

Angiotensin (ANG)-converting enzyme (ACE)2 in brain regions such as the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) controlling cardiovascular function may be involved in the regulation of sympathetic outflow in...
A framework for countering denial of service attacks

Recent trend of the adversaries "if I can't have it, nobody can" has changed the emphasis of information assurance with respect to information availability. This paper presents a knowledge discovery framework to detect DoS attacks at the boundary controllers (routers). The idea is to use machine learning approach to discover network features that can depict the state of the network connection. Using important network data (DoS relevant features), we have developed kernel machine based and soft computing detection mechanisms that achieve high detection accuracies. We also present our work of identifying DoS pertinent features and evaluating the applicability of these features in detecting novel DoS attacks. Architecture for detecting DoS attacks at the router is presented. We demonstrate that highly efficient and accurate signature based classifiers can be constructed by using important network features and machine learning techniques to detect DoS attacks at the boundary controllers.
Research based on concept maps and Hidden Markov Model for multi-document summary

A method of generating multi-document summary was proposed based on concept maps and Hidden Markov Model. Handling the original text file, extract concept based on improved Hidden Markov Model and generate concept map, finally calculate the importance and related degree of sentences according to concept map, and then generate semantic summary. The experiment result shows that the summary generated by this method is better than method based on statistics in readability.
An ab initio molecular dynamics study of the aqueous liquid-vapor interface.

We present an ab initio molecular dynamics simulation of the aqueous liquid-vapor interface. Having successfully stabilized a region of bulk water in the center of a water slab, we were able to reproduce and further quantify the experimentally observed abundance of surface “acceptor-only”(19%) and “single-donor”(66%) moieties as well as substantial surface relaxation approaching the liquid-vapor interface. Examination of the orientational dynamics points to a faster relaxation in the interfacial region. Furthermore, the average value of the dipole decreases and the average value of the highest occupied molecular orbital for each water molecule increases approaching the liquid-vapor interface. Our results support the idea that the surface contains, on average, far more reactive states than the bulk.
HTLV Tax: A Fascinating Multifunctional Co-Regulator of Viral and Cellular Pathways

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has been identified as the causative agent of adult T cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The virus infects between 15 and 20 million people worldwide of which approximately 2 to 5% develop ATL. The past 35 years of research have yielded significant insight into the pathogenesis of HTLV-1, including the molecular characterization of Tax, the viral transactivator and oncoprotein. In spite of these efforts, the mechanisms of oncogenesis of this pleiotropic protein remain to be fully elucidated. In this review, we illustrate the multiple oncogenic roles of Tax by summarizing a recent body of literature that refines our understanding of cellular transformation. A focused range of topics are discussed in this review including Tax-mediated regulation of the viral promoter and other cellular pathways, particularly the connection of the NF-κB pathway to both post-translational modifications of Tax and sub-cellular localization. Specifically, recent research on polyubiquitination of Tax as it relates to the activation of the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex is highlighted. Regulation of the cell cycle and DNA damage responses due to Tax are also discussed, including Tax interaction with minichromosome maintenance proteins and the role of Tax in chromatin remodeling. The recent identification of HTLV-3 has amplified the importance of the characterization of emerging viral pathogens. The challenge of the molecular determination of pathogenicity and malignant disease of this virus lies in the comparison of the viral transactivators of HTLV-1, -2, and -3 in terms of transformation and immortalization. Consequently, differences between the three proteins are currently being studied to determine what factors are required for the differences in tumorogenesis.
Spermatogenesis in Animals as Revealed by Electron Microscopy: VI. Researches on the Spermatozoon-Dimorphism in a Pond Snail, Cipangopaludina malleata

This paper reports an electron microscope study of typical and atypical spermatogenesis in the pond snail, Cipangopaludina malteata. In the typical spermatid the nucleus undergoes profound changes as development proceeds, affecting both its form and internal fine structure. A large number of roughly parallel, dense filaments, arranged along the long axis of the nucleus, fuse with each other to form in the end the homogeneous helical body characteristic of the head of the adult spermatozoa. The nebenkern is apparently mitochondrial in nature and, in its early development, is similar to that of insects except that it appears as a double structure from the beginning. As differentiation proceeds, the mitochondria lose their membranes, and the residual, now denuded cristae, reorganize to give a parallel radial arrangement. In the last stages of development, the nebenkern derivations become applied to the sheath of the middle piece in a compact helical fashion. In the development of the atypical spermatozoa, the nucleus fails to differentiate and simply shrinks in volume until only a remnant, devoid of DNA, is left. The cytoplasm shows numerous vesicles containing small Feulgen-positive bodies, 80 to 130 mmicro in diameter. These vesicles plus contents increase in number as spermatogenesis proceeds. The "head" structure of the atypical spermatozoa consists of a bundle (7 to 17) of tail flagella, each with a centriole at its anterior end. The end-piece of the atypical form appears brush-like and is made up of the free ends of the several flagella.
Two patients with overlapping de novo duplications of the long arm of chromosome 9, including one case with Di George sequence

Duplications of chromosome 9q are rare. We describe the cytogenetic and phenotypic findings in 2 patients, one with a large duplication covering most of 9q(q12-q33.2) and one with a smaller duplication (q21.12-q22.1) who had Di George sequence (DGS). The chromosome 9 origin of the extra material in the second case was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis with a whole chromosome 9 paint. Microdeletions of chromosome 22 are common in DGS and have been reported in CHARGE association. This is the first report of an association of a chromosome 9 abnormality with DGS in the absence of a chromosome 22 abnormality and the seventh report of a patient with a duplication of a large portion of 9q (q11-q13 to q32-q33).
Asymmetric distribution of the C. elegans HAM-1 protein in neuroblasts enables daughter cells to adopt distinct fates

One mechanism of generating cellular diversity is to distribute developmental potential asymmetrically to daughter cells at mitosis. Two observations described in this report suggest that the C. elegans HAM-1 protein functions in dividing neuroblasts to produce daughter cells that adopt distinct fates. First, HAM-1 is asymmetrically distributed to the periphery of certain mitotic cells, ensuring that it will be inherited by only one daughter cell. Second, ham-1 mutations disrupt the asymmetric divisions of five neuroblasts. In one of these divisions, loss of ham-1 function causes the daughter cell that does not inherit HAM-1 to adopt the fate of the daughter cell that normally inherits HAM-1. We propose that asymmetric distribution of HAM-1 enables daughter cells to adopt distinct fates.
Preliminary Results For a Near Surface 3-D Seismic Survey of a Geothermal System In Colorado

As part of an effort to understand a complicated shallow lowtemperature geothermal system in the Arkansas Valley, Colorado, we focused on Chalk Cliff Valley by acquiring a 3-D seismic data with a 240 m2 footprint. In order to optimize a reflection image of the site, we use refraction and wavefield modeling in an initial attempt to interpret the shot gathers. Our results show the bedrock dipping to the south by up to 31◦, up to 110 m deep at the southern extent of the site. We also find a water table depth of 10 m and present evidence that the saturated sediments are terminating near the northern end of the site where the bedrock is shallowing. We also find that the velocity field may be anisotropic with the refraction model results estimating a 12 percent increase in the N-S direction. Our findings, and particularly the fractured bedrock and a termination of the saturated sediments on the northern end of our study area are consistent with geologic observations and SelfPotential data identifying a localized anomaly associated with up-welling (hot) water. The velocity model will guide reflection imaging to be performed shortly.