cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diabetes-Related Microvascular and Macrovascular Diseases in the Physical Therapy Setting

Physical therapists commonly treat people with diabetes for a wide variety of diabetes-associated impairments, including those from diabetes-related vascular disease. Diabetes is associated with both microvascular and macrovascular diseases affecting several organs, including muscle, skin, heart, brain, and kidneys. A common etiology links the different types of diabetes-associated vascular disease. Common risk factors for vascular disease in people with diabetes, specifically type 2 diabetes, include hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, tobacco use, and obesity. Mechanisms for vascular disease in diabetes include the pathologic effects of advanced glycation end product accumulation, impaired vasodilatory response attributable to nitric oxide inhibition, smooth muscle cell dysfunction, overproduction of endothelial growth factors, chronic inflammation, hemodynamic dysregulation, impaired fibrinolytic ability, and enhanced platelet aggregation. It is becoming increasingly important for physical therapists to be aware of diabetes-related vascular complications as more patients present with insulin resistance and diabetes. The opportunities for effective physical therapy interventions (such as exercise) are significant.
A near-optimal algorithm for gossiping in a d-dimensional mesh bus interconnection network

We present a near-optimal algorithm for gossiping in a d-dimensional mesh interconnection network (for arbitrary d/spl ges/2) of busses, under the assumptions that a processor may send/receive simultaneously on all its ports, and message transmission takes unit time regardless of length. For d>2, this significantly improves the known upper bound for gossiping on the d-dimensional mesh bus. The algorithm has an interesting geometric characterization for d=3. We speculate on a possible improvement which, if realizable, would make the algorithm optimal for d=3. >
New methodology for through silicon via array macroinspection

A new methodology for inspection of through silicon via (TSV) process wafers is developed by utilizing an optical diffraction signal from the wafers. The optical system uses telecentric illumination and has a two-dimensional sensor for capturing the diffracted light from TSV arrays. The diffraction signal modulates the intensity of the wafer image. The optical configuration is optimized for TSV array inspection. The diffraction signal is sensitive to via-shape variations, and an area of deviation from a nominal via is analyzed using the signal. Using test wafers with deep via patterns on silicon wafers, the performance is evaluated and the sensitivities for various pattern profile changes are confirmed. This new methodology is available for high-volume manufacturing of future TSV three-dimensional complementary metal oxide semiconductor devices.
Translational haptic feedback for post-stroke rehabilitation

The aftermath of a stroke can produce physical side effects such as reduced hand function, difficulty walking, and loss of sensation on one side of the body, all of which can lead to significant changes in lifestyle. Hand functionality is complex but vital to daily living. Researchers evaluate hand function by measuring hand posture and grip strength while individuals perform common daily activities. Loss of sensation makes using the hand even more difficult. Haptic feedback can be developed to provide some of the missing sensory information based on measured joint angles and force on the finger tips. Initial data shows fusion of joint angle and fingertip pressure can be used to describe basic hand postures. An algorithm transforms this information into feedback using micro-vibrators placed on the individual's non-affected side to provide feedback when inappropriate force is being used. A goal of this research is to improve the current rehabilitation procedures to help individuals recover hand function and regain quality of life.
How Should Land Be Taxed? Analyzing the Jamaican Land Value Tax

In 2002, Jamaica conducted a property tax revaluation, the first revaluation in nine years. In response, Jamaica reduced the property tax rates of its progressive-rate structure and added a set of ...
Non-bullous neutrophilic dermatosis: an uncommon dermatologic manifestation in patients with lupus erythematosus.

Background: Rare cases of a non-bullous neutrophilic dermatosis occurring in patients with lupus erythematosus (LE) have been reported, often as the presenting manifestation of the disease. Methods: We reviewed hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides and obtained clinical information from four additional patients, two of whom had no prior history of LE. Results: All patients were female, aged 16–59 (mean age 37). Clinically, the skin lesions were characterized by widely distributed pruritic papules and plaques. Three patients presented with systemic symptoms, including fever, arthritis and malaise. Histopathologic examination in all cases showed a superficial perivascular and interstitial neutrophilic infiltrate with leukocytoclasis. There was no evidence of vasculitis. Mild focal vacuolar change was a subtle feature seen only in the biopsies of the two patients with a prior history of LE. Conclusions: It is important to consider LE in the differential diagnosis of non-bullous neutrophilic dermatoses.
A New Parameterization for Shallow Cumulus Convection and Its Application to Marine Subtropical Cloud-Topped Boundary Layers. Part I: Description and 1D Results

Abstract A new parameterization of shallow cumulus convection is presented. The parameterization consists of a mass flux scheme based on a buoyancy-sorting, entrainment–detrainment plume model. The mass flux scheme is coupled to a 1.5-order turbulence closure model with an entrainment closure for convective boundary layers. Model performance is verified using single-column-model simulations at relatively high vertical resolution of pure trade-cumulus convection and a cumulus to stratocumulus transition. Mixing rates, cloud cover, and vertical flux profiles, as deduced from previously published large-eddy simulation studies, are well reproduced by the parameterization. The model is used to demonstrate that height variations of lateral mixing rates can be successfully captured by a simple implementation of a buoyancy-sorting mechanism in the updraft cloud model. A companion paper describes the implementation of the scheme in a mesoscale model.
The Biochemistry of Microtubules

The whole of the complex field of microtubule structure and function is far too broad to cover in this brief review. The intention has been to give a brief overview of the field and to place emphasis on a few areas of recent significant progress. In particular, the related topics of microtubule “treadmilling,” polarity of assembly, and role of nucleotide hydrolysis have been addressed at some length, as has the topic of tubulin heterogeneity. For a more detailed discussion, several recent books can be recommended. Microtubules (Roberts and Hyams, eds., 1979) contains excellent reviews on the major areas of microtubule structure, chemistry, mechanisms of assembly, and functions. Microtubules and Microtubule Inhibitors (De Brabander and De Mey, eds., 1980) contains briefer articles on many topics of current interest. In Microtubules (1978), P. Dustin has authored a remarkably comprehensive review which is especially strong in providing historical perspective, to which this present review is heavily indebted. Also to be recommended is the more recent book Biological Functions of Microtubules and Related Structures (Sakai et al.,1982).
Multiaccess, mobility and teletraffic for wireless communications: volume 5

The unrelenting growth of wireless communications continues to raise new research and development problems that require unprecedented interactions among communication engineers. In particular, specialists in transmission and specialists in networks must often cross each other's boundaries. This is especially true for CDMA, an access technique that is being widely accepted as a system solution for next-generation mobile cellular systems, but it extends to other system aspects as well. Major challenges lie ahead, from the design of physical and radio access to network architecture, resource management, mobility management, and capacity and performance aspects. Several of these aspects are addressed in this volume, the fourth in the edited series on Multiaccess, Mobility and Teletraffic for Wireless Communications. It contains papers selected from MMT'99, the fifth Workshop held on these topics in October 1999 in Venezia, Italy. The focus of this workshop series is on identifying, presenting, and discussing the theoretical and implementation issues critical to the design of wireless communication networks. More specifically, these issues are examined from the viewpoint of the impact each one of them can have on the others. Multiaccess, Mobility and Teletraffic for Wireless Communications: Vol 4 is an important book for researchers, students and professionals working in the area of Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing.
Food Relationships of a Rodent Fauna in a California Coastal Sage Scrub Community

During a 13 month live-trapping study on a 2.3 ha grid located in upland coastal sage scrub near Irvine, California, the food habits of seven species of rodents were determined using fecal analysis. These included four cricetids, Reithrodontomys megalotis , Peromyscus maniculatus , P. eremicus , and P. calif omicus , and three heteromyids, Dipodomys agilis , Perognathus fallax , and P. longimembris . Laboratory feeding experiments using the cafeteria method in autumn 1971 indicated different patterns of food preference from wide acceptance of shrubs, forbs, and grasses ( Dipodomys ) to lower preferences for shrubs and high preferences for grasses (all cricetids except P. maniculatus ) to relatively narrow acceptance of only grasses ( P. longimembris ). Comparison of diet composition by weight with volumetric percentages using fecal analysis of animals in feeding experiments indicated highest correlations for shrubs and forbs in cricetids and shrubs and grasses in heteromyids. Food habit trends revealed a high utilization of insects and Eriogonum fasciculatum by Reithrodontomys , a generalized diet for P. maniculatus , and a specialization on various seeds, flowers, and fruits by P. californicus and to a lesser degree by P. eremicus . The three heteromyids ate large amounts of annual and grass seeds during most months with the most opportunistic feeding shown by Dipodomys on grasses and forbs during winter-spring months. Food habits were most similar among the heteromyids, and P. eremicus-P. californicus . Of these, P. longimembris utilized winter torpor, whereas P. californicus was a seasonal resident. Food habit responses of subordinate cricetids to the spring immigration of P. californicus suggest the presence of both flexible feeding strategies and seasonally abundant resources in spring. These conditions may explain the continued coexistence of the diverse rodent fauna during this period.
Trace determination of metal ion inhibitors of the urea-urease system by a ph -stat kinetic method

A pH-stat, kinetic method, based on the decreased rate of the ureasecatalyzed hydrolysis of urea, was developed for the trace determination of eight metal ion inhibitors. The kinetic parameters,vM andKm for the urease system and the apparent inhibition constants,K0′, for the metal ion interactions were measured. The sensitivities of the metal ions in decreasing order ofK0′ are: Ag(I) > Hg(II) > Cu(II) > Cd(II)> > Mn(II) ∼Co(II) > Pb(II) > Ni(II).
Why Buckwheat Was Shot

Sometime last year, a character called Buckwheat was shot to death on a segment of Saturday Night Live, NBC's popular comedy show geared to the tastes of a college-age audience whose sense of humor has not matured beyond the second year of high school. Who shot Buckwheat? Why would anyone want to shoot an adorable creature like him, with his endearing baby talk, his harmless mental retardation and his big, innocent grin? We shot him, of course. Those of us Black viewers who remembered the original Buckwheat and understood the dangerous implications of his reincarnation on national televison had smoking psychological pistols aimed at the screen every time Eddie Murphy appeared on it with his portrayal of that slow-witted, speech-impaired, unkempt adult male child.
Fractions Derived from Soy Beans and Navy Beans Which Retard Tryptic Digestion of Casein

SummaryAqueous extracts of soy beans or navy beans contain a fraction which inhibits the in vitro digestion of milk casein by trypsin. The fraction can be precipitated with acetone. It is partially heat labile at pH 4. Its presence may account for the low nutritive value of raw soy and navy beans.
Sublethal Effects of Permethrin on Pheromone Response and Mating of Male Pink Bollworm Moths

Dosage-mortality studies with permethrin against males of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) indicated that percent mortalities occurring 96 h after dosing were more stable and reliable as dosage-dependent responses than those which occurred at 48 h. Tests measuring percent mortality, percent prostration, and uncoordinated behavior for 12 days after dosing showed that, regardless of dosage, ca. 90% of the total mortality occurred in the first 96 h. Although prostrate and uncoordinated behavior were high in the first 96 h, it was negligible for the remaining time. Activation (wing fanning) responses by male survivors of 96-h LD50 and LD80 dosages of permethnn were reduced 0.5- to 0.05-fold as compared with controls over a range of gossyplure concentrations from 0.01 to 1.0 μg Mating experiments showed that 96-h LD50 and LD80 male survivors mated as frequently as controls when confined to small mating cages with three virgin females for a 7-day period.
The Crying of Lot 49 : Pynchon's Heart of Darkness

Recent studies of Thomas Pynchon have demonstrated that1allusion is one of the central premises of his art. His works are a thicket of references to music, painting, scientific theory, pop culture, and other literature. Among writers who have influenced Pynchon, according to David Cowart, Thomas Schaub, and others, Conrad figures prominently. Schaub, for example, discussing v. and Gravity's Rainbow, asserts that Pynchon's writing "integrates Conrad's view of civilization as a white force mining the southern darkness, trying in this way to domesticate the black unknown which threatens our conscious lives." Specific Conradian echoes in v. and Gravity's Rainbow underscore Pynchon's debt to the early modernist master in those two books which see colonialism as a central burden of modern Western man. While imperialism and colonialism are not central concerns of The Crying of Lot 49 Pynchon's second and shortest novel, it too has its Conradian dimension.
Comparative aspects of acrosomal formation

The acrosome is an organelle which is attached to the anterior part of the nucleus of animal sperm and forms the apical body of the sperm. It contains enzymes which lyse the oocyte membranes to permit entry of the sperm for fertilization. In some marine sperm the acrosome also ejects a filament which makes the initial contact of the sperm with the egg. Acrosome structure (1), and evolution (2), have been carefully reviewed recently, as well as aspects of acrosome formation and physiology (3).
Practical Applications of Hierarchical Rotation

This chapter discusses the practical applications of hierarchical rotation in the area of ability testing. Ability testing has followed two major lines of development. Earlier stages consisted mainly of tests administered individually by trained professionals. The Stanford–Binet has been designed to measure general intelligence and to yield a single IQ measure. The Wechsler scales also yield an overall score but were designed to yield separate verbal and performance measures as well. Paralleling the development of individual testing has been the development of group administered tests such as the early Otis, Army Alpha, and Wonderlic, and later the more comprehensive test batteries developed by Thurstone, Holzinger, Flanagan, and agencies such as the United States Civil Service Commission and the various Armed Services. The relative importance of higher-order versus group factors has been an issue for debate in this testing area as well. It is necessary to present evidence and support for the usefulness and general applicability of the hierarchical-rotation approach. Oblique-rotation devotees have seldom obtained higher-order factors and have held that higher-order factors are incidental, unreliable, uninterpretable, and uninteresting. The chapter reviews three factor analyses in the ability area, all based upon groups of 13 year olds: (1) Stanford–Binet, (2) the Wechsler, and (3) a 24-test battery designed by Holzinger.
Performing Privacy and Early Modern Women

A privacy performed would, it seems, be a facsimile of true privacy. However, the phrase prompts us to think about performance as constitutive of privacy, and therefore pries open the apparently natural opposition between “private” and “public.” For example, applying the notion of “performing privacy” to authorship and publication usefully complicates the meaning of becoming “public.” We think of entry into the public sphere as a defining moment in which a text, released from the immediate control of its author, risks scrutiny and judgment. Harold Love defines publication as “a movement from a private realm of creativity to a public realm of consumption.”1 This notion of publication as a movement between two discrete and well-defined realms has seemed particularly appropriate for early modern women’s writing, which is often marked as transgressive.2 Since women’s rare appearances in print violated the period’s explicit gender norms, women’s publication appears as a moment of liberation in which the writer escapes, in her authorial persona at least, her imprisonment in the domestic cares of the private realm. The work that follows proposes that the early modern public/private boundary was the site of both discipline and self-creation for women; and that rather than separating two fully distinct realms, the boundary was flexible and dynamic, open to new definition with each author’s work.
Epitopes within recombinant α-actinin protein is serodiagnostic target for Trichomonas vaginalis sexually transmitted infections.

Abstract To date there is no commercially-available serodiagnostic for women and men infected with Trichomonas vaginalis. Thirteen epitopes of the immunogenic T. vaginalis α-actinin (106.2-kDa) are detected by sera of women patients, and 5 epitopes, a subset of the 13, are detected by sera of men. A truncated recombinant protein called ACT-P2 (63.5-kDa) encoding the 5 epitopes is used for screening by ELISA for antibody in sera of women and men. Because ACT-P2 is poorly expressed in E. coli, we wanted alternative recombinant α-actinin proteins as serodiagnostic targets. We, therefore, constructed plasmids encoding two novel, small recombinant proteins of ∼25-kDa comprised of 15-mer peptides, each peptide of which contains one of the 13 epitopes. We refer to these novel proteins as α-actinin::string-of-epitopes1 (ACT::SOE1) and ACT::SOE2. We found the proteins to be unrecoverable from insoluble inclusion bodies without denaturing conditions, which rendered the proteins unsuitable for antibody detection. Thus, we synthesized a third ACT::SOE3 protein (72.4-kDa) with 7 epitopes that was synthesized in high amounts and was readily purified. Monoclonal antibodies to α-actinin detected ACT::SOE3 and ACT-P2 by ELISA. Further, we show that ACT::SOE3 is equal to ACT-P2 as a target protein for detection of serum IgG in positive sera of women and men. Data indicate that ACT::SOE3 is a target for screening of populations at-risk for this STI. Finally, the paper discusses the findings with regard to Point-of-Care diagnostic targets and vaccine candidates.
Interinstitutional collaboration for end-user bioinformatics training: Cytoscape as a case study.

Background: This case study describes the value of and need for interinstitutional collaboration to train biomedical researchers in data visualization, using Cytoscape network analysis software as an example. To provide training on Cytoscape software to Yale University biomedical researchers, a collaboration was formed between the Yale Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library’s (CWML’s) biomedical sciences research support librarian and the University of Michigan (U-M) Taubman Health Sciences Library’s bioinformationist, who has expertise in Cytoscape software. Case Presentation: The U-M bioinformationist offered a webinar to the Yale community, followed by a one-day onsite workshop. This collaboration allowed Yale biomedical researchers and librarians to receive training on Cytoscape software, in addition to giving the Yale librarian a collaborator for answering future questions about the software. Conclusions: This collaboration furthered the U-M bioinformationist’s role in the field as an expert in Cytoscape instruction, while also establishing the CWML as a leader in providing support for analyzing and visualizing molecular data at Yale University. The authors found this collaboration to be a successful way for librarians to fill end-user training gaps in rapidly changing fields such as bioinformatics.
Acceleration and Relativistic Mechanics

Double differentiation of the particle location 4-vector with respect to proper times produces the 4-acceleration. We show that our usual physical reality has a range of truly negligible acceleration. We explore many unexpected properties of 4-acceleration before proposing the generalization of Newton’s force to a covariant format. A deeper look at these equations allows us to identify a new physics content that the effective inertial resistance of a particle depends on its state of motion parallel or perpendicular to the applied force.
An Integrated Microcomputer, Minicomputer, and Mainframe Classroom

Educators are currently searching for the best means of incorporating the computer into curricula. The growing interest in using the computer in the classroom is in response to the institutional desire to provide revelant contemporary training and to the changing accreditation standards. This paper describes the current computer resources available at the College of Business Administration, University of Arkansas. A comprehensive integrated microcomputer, minicomputer, and mainframe computer environment is discussed. In addition, the use of this facility as an integral part of the College courses and the computer curricula is presented.
VPAC1-targeted PET/CT scan: improved molecular imaging for the diagnosis of prostate cancer using a novel cell surface antigen.

Current approaches to prostate cancer screening and diagnosis are plagued with limitations in diagnostic accuracy. There is a compelling need for biomolecular imaging that will not only detect prostate cancer early but also distinguish prostate cancer from benign lesions accurately. In this topic paper, we review evidence that supports further investigation of VPAC1-targeted PET/CT imaging in the primary diagnosis of prostate cancer. A non-systematic review of Medline/PubMed was performed. English language guidelines on prostate cancer diagnosis and management, original articles, and review articles were selected based on their clinical relevance. VPAC1 receptors were overexpressed 1000 times more in prostate cancer than benign prostatic stromal tissue. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that Copper-64 labeled analogs of VPAC1 ligands can be synthesized with high radiochemical efficiency and purity. The radioactive probes had excellent VPAC1 receptor binding specificity and affinity. They had good biochemical stability in vitro and in mouse and human serum. They had minimal urinary excretion, which made them favorable for prostate cancer imaging. Initial feasibility study in men with prostate cancer showed that the probes were safe with no reported adverse reaction. 64Cu-TP3805 PET/CT detected 98% of prostate cancer lesions and nodal metastasis as confirmed with whole mount histopathological evaluation. VPAC1 receptors are promising targets for biomolecular imaging of primary prostate cancer that can distinguish malignant from benign lesions non-invasively. Further investigations are warranted to validate initial findings and define the clinical utilities of VPAC1-targeted PET imaging for prostate cancer diagnosis and management.
Voilà! Taking the Judge Out of Divorce

Divorce and court go together like a horse and carriage, but that may be changing. Recently, France allowed couples to contract into a divorce without any judicial involvement. This Article examines the implications for American courts recognizing divorces from France and whether the United States will join the non-judicial divorce movement.
Potential Role of Mast Cell Proteases in Asthma

Much information implicates mast cells in the pathogenesis of asthma. These cells are numerous in human airways1,2, and IgE-mediated reactions lead to the release of mediators which produce bronchoconstrictor and inflammatory responses in airways. The presence of spontaneously degranulated mast cells in the airways of asthmatic subjects is important suggestive evidence that the mast cells are activated to secrete in these individuals3,4,5. This circumstantial evidence implicating the participation of mast cells in asthma has led investigators to seek mast cell mediators that might explain the heightened airway smooth muscle responses, the increased vascular permeability (leading to edema formation), and the abnormal mucus secretion that are landmarks of asthma. Because known mast cell mediators may not explain adequately the various manifestations of asthma, the search continues! I will present evidence that the mast cell enzymes, tryptase and chymase, have potent effects on appropriate airway cells, suggesting that they may play key roles in the pathophysiology of asthma.
Arbitrage and Martingales

The martingale theory of arbitrage pricing is one of the greatest triumphs of probability theory. It is of immense practical importance, and it has a direct bearing on financial transactions that add up to billions of dollars per day. It is also of great intellectual appeal because it unites our economic understanding of the world with genuinely refined insights from the theory of stochastic integration.
Influence of stereoselective pharmacokinetics in the development and predictability of an IVIVC for the enantiomers of metoprolol tartrate.

Purpose. To investigate the ability of an IVIVC developedwith a racemate drug as well as each enantiomer in predicting the invivo enantiomer drug performance.
Beyond the Virtual Public Square: Ubiquitous Computing and the New Politics of Well-Being

In this chapter Gregory Ulmer theorizes augmented reality, and ubiquitous computing in general, while John Craig Freeman presents examples of his work in place-based augmented reality public art and describes the work within the framework of electracy (the digital apparatus). Apparatus theory correlates technological innovations with the corresponding inventions in institutional practices, including individual and collective identity behaviours. Ulmer and Freeman, working with an electrate consultancy–the EmerAgency–test an augmented deliberative design rhetoric intended to overcome individual alienation from collective agency. It is an electrate equivalent of the ancient Theoria, a community practice in which a team of trusted citizens travelled to sites of events to sort out fact from rumour. Results of this theory tourism were reported in the public square and certified as truth. Theoria, augmented by literacy, became journalism–the fourth estate of a democratic society. The konsult practice described in this essay updates Theoria for a fifth estate with a new function supporting collective well-being, in the global experience of a potentially ubiquitous public square.
Encore adulthood: Boomers on the edge of risk, renewal, and purpose

Gerontological social workers are all too familiar with the estimate that approximately 10,000 baby boomers turn 65 each and every day (Pew Research Center, 2010). This demographic trend which star...
Association of Systemic Antibiotic Treatment of Acne With Skin Microbiota Characteristics.

Importance Given the widespread use of systemic antibiotics for treatment of moderate to severe acne, it is important to understand the associations of such antibiotic use with changes not only inCutibacterium acnes(formerlyPropionibacterium acnes) but also in the complete bacterial community of the skin. Objective To examine the composition, diversity, and resilience of skin microbiota associated with systemic antibiotic perturbation in individuals with acne. Design, Setting, and Participants This longitudinal cohort study conducted at an academic referral center in Maryland from February 11 to September 23, 2014, included 4 female participants who had received a recent diagnosis of acne vulgaris, showed comedonal and inflammatory acne on the face, were at least 18 years old, and had no recent use of systemic or topical treatments for acne, including antibiotics and retinoids. Data analysis was performed between July 5, 2017, and November 7, 2018. Interventions Participants were prescribed oral minocycline, 100 mg, twice daily for 4 weeks. Skin areas on the forehead, cheek, and chin were sampled for 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing at baseline, 4 weeks after starting minocycline treatment, and then 1 week and 8 weeks after discontinuation of treatment. Main Outcomes and Measures Skin microbiota examined with respect to relative abundance of bacterial taxa, α diversity (represents within-sample microbial diversity), and β diversity (represents between-sample microbial diversity). Acne status evaluated with photography and lesion count. Results Of the 4 patients included in this study, 2 were 25 years old, 1 was 29 years old, and 1 was 35 years old; 2 were white women, 1 was an African American woman, and 1 was an Asian woman. Across all 4 patients, antibiotic treatment was associated with a 1.4-fold reduction in the level ofC acnes(difference, −10.3%; 95% CI, −19.9% to −0.7%;P = .04) with recovery following cessation of treatment. Distinct patterns of change were identified in multiple bacterial genera, including a transient 5.6-fold increase in the relative abundance ofPseudomonasspecies (difference, 2.2%; 95% CI, 0.9%-3.4%;P Conclusions and Relevance In this study, systemic antibiotic treatment of acne was associated with changes in the composition and diversity of skin microbiota, with variable rates of recovery across individual patients and parallel changes in specific bacterial populations. Understanding the association between systemic antibiotic use and skin microbiota may help clinicians decrease the likelihood of skin comorbidities related to microbial dysbiosis.
Sex Differences in Treatment Strategies Among Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Privately Insured Patients

BACKGROUND:Sex-based treatment disparities occur in many diseases. Women undergo fewer procedural interventions, and their care is less consistent with guideline-based therapy. There is limited research exploring sex-based differences in ulcerative colitis treatment. We hypothesized that women are l
The First Clinical Use of a Novel Cold Storage System of Donor Hearts

Purpose Current cold storage heart preservation technique is associated with wide fluctuation of organ temperature and may result in freeze injury. SheraPakTM Cardiac Transport System (CTS) (Paragonix Technologies, MA, USA) was recently approved in the United States for clinical use. This single-use disposable device is designed for static hypothermic preservation of a donor heart during transport. We report the first clinical use of the SheraPakTMCTS. Methods Since July 2018, the SheraPakTMCTS has been used in 6, non-consecutive heart transplant procedures at a single institution. All organs were procured from brain dead donors and had normal systolic function. Donor hearts were procured in standard fashion and positioned within the SheraPakTMCTS per the manufacturer's instructions. The hearts were removed from the system in the recipient operating room and prepared for implantation in standard fashion. Results Six recipients (5 male; mean age 60.3 ± 19.1 years) underwent heart transplantation using donor hearts transported with SheraPakTMCTS. All donors were categorized as PHS high risk and 5 of them were hepatitis C positive. Donor heart transportation time within the shipper was 24 to 205 (109.67 ± 66.60) min and donor heart total ischemic time was 116 to 312 (225 ± 70) min. Donor hearts were preserved at static hypothermia with a mean temperature of 5.99 ± 0.52°C. Among the patients transplanted there was no observed primary graft failure, and the ICU length of stay ranged from 3 to 21 (8.5 ± 6.3) days. All recipients are alive and well beyond 30 days with normal systolic function at discharge (LVEF 72± 6%). Conclusion The SheraPakTMCTS provides consistent organ temperature regulation throughout the transport observed process. Organs transported using this system demonstrated normal perioperative function even including an organ with more than 5 hours of total ischemic time. This system may decrease cold injury during organ transportation and increase the safe interval of tolerable cold ischemia.
The next generation of hydrate prediction: I. Hydrate standard states and incorporation of spectroscopy

Abstract The van der Waals and Platteeuw hydrate equation of state, coupled with the classical thermodynamic equation for hydrates, has been used in the prediction of hydrate formation for over 40 years. These equations describe a hydrate to liquid water phase change, where the hydrate is always treated as an ideal solid solution. Several limitations of this method have been removed in a new derivation of the model. In this work, a direct derivation of the standard empty hydrate lattice fugacity has been given. This allows for description of the hydrate phase itself, instead of a specific phase change. The ideal solid solution assumption is removed by defining a specific volume of the standard hydrate lattice. The activity of water in the hydrate is a function of the energy difference between the real and standard lattice. This approach, which allows for distortion of the hydrate from its standard state, is believed to give a more accurate composition of the hydrate. We propose to make the cage radii a linear function of the hydrate lattice parameter. Direct incorporation of spectroscopic data is crucial for parameter optimization in the model. Preliminary predictions with the new model are presented that show the wider applicability of the approach. H–V and I–H equilibrium can be calculated using this method as well as a correct description of high pressure behavior. This paper is the first in a series of four that the authors believe to be a more complete prescription for hydrate modeling. Therefore, this part only pertains to the theory of the hydrate model. Subsequent papers will discuss: (1) the aqueous phase model; (2) incorporation of the models into a multi-phase flash routine and (3) regressed parameter values and a comparison of our models with four commercial hydrate prediction programs.
Implicit information need as explicit problems, help, and behavioral signals

Abstract Information need is one of the most fundamental aspects of information seeking, which traditionally conceptualizes as the initiation phase of an individual’s information seeking behavior. However, the very elusive and inexpressible nature of information need makes it hard to elicit from the information seeker or to extract through an automated process. One approach to understanding how a person realizes and expresses information need is to observe their seeking behaviors, to engage processes with information retrieval systems, and to focus on situated performative actions. Using Dervin’s Sense-Making theory and conceptualization of information need based on existing studies, the work reported here tries to understand and explore the concept of information need from a fresh methodological perspective by examining users’ perceived barriers and desired helps in different stages of information search episodes through the analyses of various implicit and explicit user search behaviors. In a controlled lab study, each participant performed three simulated online information search tasks. Participants’ implicit behaviors were collected through search logs, and explicit feedback was elicited through pre-task and post-task questionnaires. A total of 208 query segments were logged, along with users’ annotations on perceived problems and help. Data collected from the study was analyzed by applying both quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings identified several behaviors – such as the number of bookmarks, query length, number of the unique queries, time spent on search results observed in the previous segment, the current segment, and throughout the session – strongly associated with participants’ perceived barriers and help needed. The findings also showed that it is possible to build accurate predictive models to infer perceived problems of articulation of queries, useless and irrelevant information, and unavailability of information from users’ previous segment, current segment, and whole session behaviors. The findings also demonstrated that by combining perceived problem(s) and search behavioral features, it was possible to infer users’ needed help(s) in search with a certain level of accuracy (78%).
The Neural State Pushdown Automata

In order to learn complex grammars, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) require sufficient computational resources to ensure correct grammar recognition. A widely-used approach to expand model capacity would be to couple an RNN to an external memory stack. Here, we introduce a "neural state" pushdown automaton (NSPDA), which consists of a digital stack, instead of an analog one, that is coupled to a neural network state machine. We empirically show its effectiveness in recognizing various context-free grammars (CFGs). First, we develop the underlying mechanics of the proposed higher order recurrent network and its manipulation of a stack as well as how to stably program its underlying pushdown automaton (PDA) to achieve desired finite-state network dynamics. Next, we introduce a noise regularization scheme for higher-order (tensor) networks, to our knowledge the first of its kind, and design an algorithm for improved incremental learning. Finally, we design a method for inserting grammar rules into a NSPDA and empirically show that this prior knowledge improves its training convergence time by an order of magnitude and, in some cases, leads to better generalization. The NSPDA is also compared to a classical analog stack neural network pushdown automaton (NNPDA) as well as a wide array of first and second-order RNNs with and without external memory, trained using different learning algorithms. Our results show that, for Dyck(2) languages, prior rule-based knowledge is critical for optimization convergence and for ensuring generalization to longer sequences at test time. We observe that many RNNs with and without memory, but no prior knowledge, fail to converge and generalize poorly on CFGs.
Ultra-fast Cycling for Multiplexed Cellular Fluorescence Imaging.

Rapid analysis of single and scant cell populations is essential in modern diagnostics, yet existing methods are often limited and slow. Here we describe an ultra-fast, highly efficient cycling method for the analysis of single cells based on unique linkers for tetrazine (Tz) / trans-cyclooctene (TCO) mediated quenching. Surprisingly, the quenching reaction rates were more than 3 orders of magnitude faster (t1/2 < 1 sec) than predicted. This allowed multi-cycle staining and immune cell profiling within an hour, leveraging the accelerated kinetics to open new diagnostic possibilities for rapid cellular analyses.
Anxiety in nursing students: The impact of using mobile technology with quick response codes.

Abstract Background Pre-licensure nursing students often experience anxiety, especially during their clinical learning experiences. High levels of anxiety can be disruptive to both clinical learning and safe patient care. Providing students with educational resources via mobile devices to review prior to performing psychomotor skills with real patients may help reduce their anxiety. Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of using mobile devices with a scanning application for quick response codes in the clinical setting on students' anxiety levels in the clinical setting. A secondary aim was to explore the clinical faculty experience with and perceptions of the technology. Design A one-group, repeated measures, quasi-experimental design was used. Setting The intervention occurred at 6 rehabilitation centers used for first semester clinical learning experiences at a School of Nursing in the southeast United States. Participants Convenience sampling was used and 42 first semester nursing students participated. Methods The State Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to measure self-reported anxiety prior to and following the use of mobile devices with quick response codes during an 8-week clinical learning experience. One focus group was conducted with the 4 clinical faculty members who taught the students. Results The State Trait items indicated reduced anxiety for performing psychomotor skills. Median scores for positive feelings items significantly increased from 22.74 to 30.49 (p Conclusions Student anxiety for performing psychomotor skills was reduced following use of mobile technology with quick response codes. More research is needed; however, clinical faculty may consider integrating this technology into students' clinical learning experiences to assist with reducing their anxiety.
Systematicity and Philosophical Interpretation: Hegel, Pippin, and Changing Debates

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that Robert Pippin’s work is an indispensable starting point for any engagement today with Hegel and German Idealism. His approach is unmatched when it comes to refusing t...
Neuroinflammation in Children With Infantile Spasms: A Prospective Study Before and After Treatment With Acthar Gel (Repository Corticotropin Injection):

The selective effectiveness of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in treating infantile spasms suggests an underlying neuroinflammation. Because neuroinflammation is mediated by activated microglia, which express translocator protein (TSPO), we imaged neuroinflammation in children with infantile spasms using positron emission tomography (PET) with 11C-PK11195 (PK), which selectively binds to TSPO. Children were studied prospectively before and following treatment with Acthar Gel (repository corticotropin injection). We hypothesized that PK-PET would show neuroinflammation (increased PET uptake) in cortical and/or subcortical structures before treatment, and that this inflammation will be abolished/reduced following Acthar Gel treatment. Eight children with infantile spasms (5 males; mean age 1.8±1.1, range 0.9-4.1 years) were recruited. After clinical and video electroencephalograph (EEG) evaluation and dynamic PK-PET scan, children underwent treatment with Acthar Gel over 4 weeks, followed by repeat clinical evaluation/video-EEG 2 weeks after initiation of treatment and repeat PK-PET 2 weeks after treatment completion. Visual and quantitative analysis of PK-PET scans were performed. We calculated regional binding potential (measure of receptor-ligand binding) using a reference tissue model. Focal areas of increased PK-binding were found in the pretreatment PK-PET in 5 children. Following treatment, these increases were either reduced or normalized and were associated with cessation (n=4) or significant reduction (n=1) of spasms and complete disappearance of hypsarrhythmia. One child showed increased binding potential in basal ganglia and thalamus, despite normalization of cortical binding potential; however, these increases were likely associated with death-related causes. This study suggests Acthar Gel-responsive neuroinflammatory changes in children with infantile spasms, supporting a potential role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of infantile spasms.
Uniqueness of one-dimensional Néel wall profiles.

We study the domain wall structure in thin uniaxial ferromagnetic films in the presence of an in-plane applied external field in the direction normal to the easy axis. Using the reduced one-dimensional thin-film micromagnetic model, we analyse the critical points of the obtained non-local variational problem. We prove that the minimizer of the one-dimensional energy functional in the form of the Neel wall is the unique (up to translations) critical point of the energy among all monotone profiles with the same limiting behaviour at infinity. Thus, we establish uniqueness of the one-dimensional monotone Neel wall profile in the considered setting. We also obtain some uniform estimates for general one-dimensional domain wall profiles.
Joint Measurement of Target Angle and Angular Velocity Using Interferometric Radar with FM Waveforms

An architecture for a direct-downconversion complex correlation interferometric radar capable of the direct, joint measurement of angle and angular velocity of a point-target is presented. Due to the simplicity of the system, this technique can be implemented on existing radars with distributed receivers and a transmitter capable of frequency modulation. Derivations for the interferometric measurement of angle and angular velocity and guidelines for the design of such a system are presented. Simulations are provided for the proposed system with varying pulse-width, antenna baseline, and pulse center frequency. The results for all simulations show a low root-mean-square error which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed system.