cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metastatic malignant melanoma with "rhabdoid" features.

The authors propose the addition of malignant melanoma to the list of extrarenal neoplasms that may be predominantly composed of polygonal cells with the cytologic features of «rhabdoid» tumor. A review of 313 metastatic melanomas disclosed 49 examples with rhabdoid features, from which 31 had sufficient material for further pathologic and immunohistologic characterization. A control group of 46 nonrhabdoid metastatic melanomas was examined in parallel fashion. In 39% of cases, rhabdoid melanomas manifested relative deletion of S100 protein compared with the control tumors. However, there were no differences in staining with HMB-45. Vimentin immunoreactivity was concentrated in the paranuclear cytoplasm of rhabdoid melanoma cells
Water Effects in Polymers Through Molecular Dynamics

Unless hermetically sealed, one issue that will always be a concern for any polymer used in electronics is the effect of water on the physical properties of the polymers used, and the reliability of the final composite structure. Over the years, molecular modeling has proven that it can be used in a qualitative fashion to target the most likely interface impacted by water and determine trend-wise how the adhesion or integrity will change. This paper will show specific examples of how water influences were modeled and deduced, both in pure molecular models and in scaled mesoscale models. These models demonstrate that newtonian dynamics on such a small scale is still sufficient to inform the developer how the molecular structure can impact the expected mechanical integrity such as adhesion, and how water or other molecules (that can influence interfacial properties) may arrive at an interface through diffusion. For instance, when molecular simulations of specific interfaces are targeted, the trajectories show very graphically how water interacts at the interface and serves to drop the energy resistance to an applied stress. The same may be said for the effect of water on the diffusion properties of unwanted molecules through polymer layers, however in the case of diffusion, there are issues of association/agglomeration that may impact the diffusing species. The paper will also capture work showing the scalability of molecular models up thru the coarse-grained molecular-mesoscale level (using parameters derived from molecular models), and the possibilities of scaling further.
30 Minutes of Acute Moderate-Intensity Exercise Prior to a High Fat Meal Does not Attenuate Postprandial Triglycerides in Postmenopausal Women

There is an increased instance of circulating triglycerides among older adults which could lead to atherosclerosis; therefore, we sought to determine if 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise, prior to a high fat meal, attenuates postprandial triglycerides (PPT) in postmenopausal women. Five postmenopausal women (59.8 years), participated in an exercise trial consisting of 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise 60% heart rate reserve (HRR), heart rate, blood pressure, and blood lipids collected. Following exercise participants ingested a high-fat meal (62 grams CHO, and 57 grams fat) and rested for four hours. Lipid levels were collected at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours post-feeding. The control trial did not exercise and were given the high fat meal followed by rest. A randomized cross-over design was utilized, in which all subjects participated in the control and exercise trial. There was no difference in PPT between the control and exercise trials. PPT increased from pre-exercise in both trials (p<0.05) (pre-feeding 88.4±26.7 con. 93.6±36.8 ex., 1hr 141±51.7 con. 139±65.4 ex., 2hrs 195±32.7 con. 166±82.4 ex., 3hrs 203±52.2 con. 185±78.1 ex., 4hrs 179±22.4 con. 193±50.5 ex). Glucose values were similar between trials; peaking post-feeding followed by a gradual return to baseline in both trials (p<0.05) (prefeeding 86±5.5 con. 84.6±5.8 ex., 1hr 117±11.3 con. 125±23.5 ex., 2hrs 104±4.1 con., 113±16.7 ex., 3hrs 97.4±6.3 con., 88.6±11.6 ex., 4hrs 87.6±6.7 con., 81.2±9 ex). 30 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise does not attenuate PPT in postmenopausal women.
Characterizing Early State Regulation in Preterm Infants.

ABSTRACT:Objectives:To characterize state regulation and behavior of preterm infants after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods:We recruited singleton infants born at ≤35 weeks of gestational age (GA) before NICU discharge. Parents completed surveys at discharge and 1, 3, a
Medical Management of Achalasia

Achalasia is a rare esophageal disorder for which a definitive treatment strategy has not been defined. Medical therapy plays a minor role in the treatment of achalasia and should not be considered first-line therapy. Patients fit enough to undergo endoscopic procedures or surgery for achalasia are better served with these interventions.
Mapping the literature of nephrology nursing.

Objectives: A bibliometric investigation was done to identify characteristics of the literature that nephrology nurses utilize. It is one component of a broader study, “Mapping the Literature of Nursing,” by the Medical Library Association's Nursing and Allied Health Resources Section Task Force to Map the Literature of Nursing. Methods: Following a standard protocol, this project utilized Bradford's Law of Scattering to analyze the literature of nephrology nursing. Citation analysis was done on articles that were published from 1996 to 1998 in a source journal. Cited journal titles were divided into three zones, and coverage in major article databases were scored for Zones 1 and 2. Results: During the three-year period, journals were the most frequently cited format type. Eighty-one journals were cited in Zones 1 and 2. As Bradford's Law of Scattering predicted, a small number of the cited journals accounted for the most use. Coverage is most comprehensive for cited journals in Science Citation Index, PubMed/ MEDLINE, and EMBASE. When looking just at cited nursing journals, CINAHL and PubMed/MEDLINE provide the best indexing coverage. Conclusion: This study offers understanding of and insights into the types of information that nephrology nurses use for research. It is a valuable tool for anyone involved with providing nephrology nursing literature.
Entrepreneurial Activity of Small Colleges and Universities: UBIT Liability Issues

Although the focus of UBIT issues has mostly been on large universities, many smaller schools are now looking to commercialize their operations to generate additional revenue. This can lead to substantial UBIT liability exposure.
Novel ionization reagent for the measurement of gas‐phase ammonia and amines using a stand‐alone atmospheric pressure gas chromatography (APGC) source

Author(s): Perraud, Veronique; Li, Xiaoxiao; Smith, James N; Finlayson-Pitts, Barbara J | Abstract: RationaleContaminants present in ambient air or in sampling lines can interfere with the target analysis through overlapping peaks or causing a high background. This study presents a positive outcome from the unexpected presence of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, released from a PALL HEPA filter, in the analysis of atmospherically relevant gas-phase amines using chemical ionization mass spectrometry.MethodsGas-phase measurements were performed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with a modified atmospheric pressure gas chromatography (APGC) source which allows sampling of the headspace above pure amine standards. Gas-phase N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) emitted from a PALL HEPA filter located in the inlet stream served as the ionizing agent.ResultsThis study demonstrates that some alkylamines efficiently form a [NMP + amine+H]+ cluster with NMP upon chemical ionization at atmospheric pressure. The extent of cluster formation depends largely on the proton affinity of the amine compared with that of NMP. Aromatic amines (aniline, pyridine) and diamines (putrescine) were shown not to form cluster ions with NMP.ConclusionsThe use of NMP as an ionizing agent with stand-alone APGC provided high sensitivity for ammonia and the smaller amines. The main advantages, in addition to sensitivity, are direct sampling into the APGC source and avoiding uptake on sampling lines which can be a significant problem with ammonia and amines.
Rapid cooling of laser sintered part cakes using airflow through cracks

Abstract In polymer laser sintering, the generated part cake is a large mass of powder, and the part cake is heated to nearly its melting point. Accelerating this cooling process would allow the quick harvesting of the parts. Here we propose a method that promotes the cooling of the part cake using injected air into the cracks formed inside the part cake. Further, a system was designed and experimentally tested to inject air into the bottom of the fabricated part cake. The results denoted that the internal temperature of the part cake reached the glass transition point 17 h earlier than it did by natural cooling without airflow. Furthermore, the airflow did not result in any significant deformation or adversely affect the mechanical properties of parts. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient of the crack was estimated using the finite element method and was used to evaluate the cooling enhancement limit based on a parametric study. Thus, we concluded that the airflow through the cracks facilitated the rapid cooling of the part cakes, reducing the production time required for polymer laser sintering.
Two-dimensional legislative conflict: unique implications for the effectiveness of local councils

Organisational scholars argue there are two distinct types of conflict found in the private-sector workplace. One is referred to as task conflict and the other relational conflict. We use their ins...
Abstract 417: Control of Adipose Tissue Macrophage Metabolism by Oxidized Phospholipids

Our group has previously shown that oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) induce a unique macrophage (MΦ) phenotype known as “Mox,” distinct from pro- and anti-inflammatory M1 and M2 phenotypes. We have al...
Focused Education Increases Hepatocellular Cancer Screening in Patients with Cirrhosis Regardless of Functional Health Literacy.

Health education interventions are successful in modifying lifestyle. Functional health literacy (FHL) can determine patient adherence to clinic visits and procedures and may adversely impact the success of these interventions. We sought to evaluate the hypothesis that a health education intervention would improve compliance with hepatocellular cancer (HCC) screening and that poor FHL would reduce such compliance. We assessed FHL using a short version test of functional health literacy in adults (STOFHLA). Cirrhotic patients free of HCC were prospectively enrolled from clinics and provided an educational intervention consisting of focused physician-led discussion regarding cirrhosis and HCC, along with written material on these topics for the subject to review at home. Patients were subsequently followed for 6 months (prospective time period), and the same cohort’s clinic/HCC screening behavior between 6 and 12 months prior to the educational intervention (retrospective time period) was compared. In total, 104 cirrhotic patients (age 60.01 ± 8.58 years, 80% men, MELD 12.70 ± 5.76) were included. Of these, 89 (85.57%) of patients had educational level 12th grade and higher. There were 76% (n = 79) with adequate, while 24% (n = 25) had inadequate/marginal FHL on S-TOHFLA. The number of HCC-related imaging increased from 59 (56.7%) to 86 (82.6%, p < 0.0001) post-education in the prospective compared to prior time period which was similar regardless of FHL. While the educational intervention was successful in improving compliance with HCC screenings, FHL status did not impact the power of this intervention. Hence, the combination of specific verbal information, along with targeted written material, improved compliance with clinic visits and liver imaging for HCC.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors retain effectiveness in older patients with cutaneous metastatic melanoma.

Abstract Introduction Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have dramatically changed the treatment landscape for advanced melanoma, but their use in older patients remains understudied. An age-related decline in immune function is of concern when treating older patients because host immune factors can influence clinical outcomes with immunotherapy. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ICIs in patients 65 years and older. Methods Using the SEER-Medicare data, we evaluated survival by first systemic treatment type in a retrospective cohort study of patients aged 65 years and older who were diagnosed with stage IV cutaneous melanoma between 2012 and 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 541 patients were included in this study. Median survival differed significantly between groups (p Conclusions In a nationally representative cohort of patients with advanced melanoma, ICI therapy delivered in a real world setting significantly improved survival in patients aged 65 years and older.
Foureye: Defensive Deception Against Advanced Persistent Threats via Hypergame Theory

Defensive deception techniques have emerged as a promising proactive defense mechanism to mislead an attacker and thereby achieve attack failure. However, most game-theoretic defensive deception approaches have assumed that players maintain consistent views under uncertainty. They do not consider players’ possible, subjective beliefs formed due to asymmetric information given to them. In this work, we formulate a hypergame between an attacker and a defender where they can interpret the same game differently and accordingly choose their best strategy based on their respective beliefs. This gives a chance for defensive deception strategies to manipulate an attacker’s belief, which is the key to the attacker’s decision-making. We consider advanced persistent threat (APT) attacks, which perform multiple attacks in the stages of the cyber kill chain (CKC) where both the attacker and the defender aim to select optimal strategies based on their beliefs. Through extensive simulation experiments, we demonstrated how effectively the defender can leverage defensive deception techniques while dealing with multi-staged APT attacks in a hypergame in which the imperfect information is reflected based on perceived uncertainty, cost, and expected utilities of both the attacker and defender, the system lifetime (i.e., mean time to security failure), and improved false-positive rates of intrusion detection.
Aromatic Dimer Dehydrogenases from Novosphingobium aromaticivorans Reduce Monoaromatic Diketones.

Lignin is a potential source of valuable chemicals, but its chemical depolymerization results in a heterogeneous mixture of aromatics and other products. Microbes could valorize depolymerized lignin by converting multiple substrates into one or a small number of products. In this study, we describe the ability of Novosphingobium aromaticivorans to metabolize 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propane-1,2-dione (G-diketone), an aromatic Hibbert diketone which is produced during formic acid-catalyzed lignin depolymerization. By assaying genome-wide transcript levels from N. aromaticivorans during growth on G-diketone and other chemically-related aromatics, we hypothesized that the Lig dehydrogenases, previously characterized as oxidizing β-O-4 linkages in aromatic dimers, were involved in G-diketone metabolism by N. aromaticivorans. Using purified N. aromaticivorans Lig dehydrogenases, we found that LigL, LigN, and LigD each reduced the Cα ketone of G-diketone in vitro but with different substrate specificities and rates. Furthermore, LigL, but not LigN or LigD, also reduced the Cα ketone of 2-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propan-1-one (GP-1) in vitro, a derivative of G-diketone with the Cβ ketone reduced, when GP-1 was provided as a substrate. The newly identified activity of these Lig dehydrogenases expands the potential range of substrates utilized by N. aromaticivorans beyond what has been previously recognized. This is beneficial both for metabolizing a wide range of natural and non-native depolymerized lignin substrates and for engineering microbes and enzymes that are active with a broader range of aromatic compounds. Importance Lignin is a major plant polymer composed of aromatic units that have value as chemicals. However, the structure and composition of lignin has made it difficult to use this polymer as a renewable source of industrial chemicals. Bacteria like Novosphingobium aromaticivorans have the potential to make chemicals from lignin not only because of their natural ability to metabolize a variety of aromatics but also because there are established protocols to engineer N. aromaticivorans strains to funnel lignin-derived aromatics into valuable products. In this work, we report a newly discovered activity of previously characterized dehydrogenase enzymes with a chemically-modified byproduct of lignin depolymerization. We propose that the activity of N. aromaticivorans enzymes with both native lignin aromatics and those produced by chemical depolymerization will expand opportunities for producing industrial chemicals from the heterogenous components of this abundant plant polymer.
The Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Coal

This chapter presents an introductory overview of the chemical and physical characteristics of coal. A description on the definition of coal, how it is formed, coal resources that are recoverable in the world, and coal and coal fields in the United States are given. The characteristics of coal and coal classification systems relevant to commercial coal use are given. The main purpose of this chapter is to present the reader with basic coal information as a prelude to the subsequent chapters, which explains coal in more detail. The origins of coal are presented in the chapter. The process of coalification, types of coal, its uses, and the international classification/codification systems are explained with data tables and figures to benefit the reader. The geochemical process, which is the main process that transforms plant material into coal, is explained.
The balanced budget amendment: Clarifying the arguments

From the perspective of a supporter, this paper responds to the several criticisms that have been raised to the proposed constitutional amendment to require budget balance. Economists have concentrated on the loss of fiscal flexibility. This objection is countered by reference to the political inefficacy of attempted budgetary manipulation. Lawyers have concentrated on problems of enforcement. This objection is countered by reference to observed respect to other constitutional rules.
Autonomous Wide Aperture Cluster for Surveillance (AWACS) - WHOI Component

Abstract : Our long-term goal is to demonstrate the utility of collaborative autonomous vehicle-array systems in shallow water ASW. This necessitates the development of both advanced towed arrays and in-vehicle processing systems which include adaptive oceanographic sampling. This also necessitates at-sea testing of these components in realistic, shelfbreak environments.
Reconfigurable RF circuits based on integrated MEMS switches

MEMS phase shifters, based on switchable passive components, are used to achieve a variety of circuits with low insertion loss, wide bandwidth and compact die size. Integration of MEMS switches with active GaAs pHEMT MMICs achieves reconfigurable LNA and PA devices. A 4 b true time-delay phase-shifter achieves /spl les/1.2 dB insertion loss on a 7 mm/sup 2/ die.
Initial Effects of Clear Coatings on Water Permeance of Masonry

The results of water permeance tests on twelve walls before and after coating with a proprietary clear water repellant are reported. Half of the single-wythe walls were brick; and other half, normal-weight concrete masonry units. Half of the walls used masonry cement mortar; the other half, portland cement-lime mortar. Comparison of results revealed a significant reduction in the amount of leakage, an increase in the amount of time required to achieve maximum rate of leakage, and a decrease in the percentage of damp area as a result of the application of the coating. The walls will be retested after six months of outdoor exposure.
Strong nonlinear coherent effects in a single semiconductor quantum dot

Summary form only given. The optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots have been studied intensively in the past few years. Recently the experiment has demonstrated not only the ability to probe a single QD but also how to coherently control the exciton in a single QD on a time scale that is short compared with the decoherence time. We had proposed a scheme to use the excitons in QD as qubits and to use strong ultra-fast laser pulses to manipulate the qubits via Rabi flopping. As a result a full understanding of the multi-exciton coherent nonlinear spectroscopy with strong pump field is needed. In this work we present a non-perturbative calculation of the nonlinear CW pump-probe spectra.
Proton‐ionizable crown compounds. 9. Synthesis and structural studies of new 14‐crown‐4 compounds containing a pyridine or 4‐pyridone subcyclic unit

Four new 14-crown-4 macrocyclic ligands containing either a pyridine or a 4-pyridone subcyclic unit have been prepared. Two of the 4-pyridono-crowns contained lipophilic hydrocarbon substituents. The starting octyl- and benzyl-substituted 4-oxa-1,7-heptanediols were prepared from the 2-octyl- or 2-benzyl-1,3-propane-diol. When the two substituted 4-oxa-1,7-heptanediols were treated with tosyl chloride, both the expected 2-substituted-4-oxaheptane-1,7-ditosylates and the ditosylate of the dimeric diol were isolated. X-ray structure determinations were carried out on two of the new 14-crown-4 compounds.
Lipid peroxidation up‐regulates BACE1 expression in vivo: a possible early event of amyloidogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease

Increased lipid peroxidation is shown to be an early event of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is not clear whether and how increased lipid peroxidation might lead to amyloidogenesis, a hallmark of AD. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) is an essential antioxidant defense enzyme that protects an organism against lipid peroxidation. Gpx4+/- mice show increased lipid peroxidation in brain, as evidenced by their elevated levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. To understand the role of lipid peroxidation in amyloidogenesis, we studied secretase activities in Gpx4+/- mice as a function of age. Both young (6 months) and middle-aged (17-20 months) Gpx4+/- mice had higher levels of beta-secretase activity than their age-matched wildtype controls, and the increased beta-secretase activity in Gpx4+/- mice was a result of up-regulation of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression at the protein level. The high level of BACE1 protein led to increased endogenous beta-amyloid (Abeta)(1-40) in middle-aged Gpx4+/- mice. We further studied amyloidogenesis in APPGpx4+/- mice. Our data indicate that APPGpx4+/- mice had significantly increased amyloid plaque burdens and increased Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42) levels compared with APPGpx4+/+ mice. Therefore, our results indicate that increased lipid peroxidation leads to increased amyloidogenesis through up-regulation of BACE1 expression in vivo, a mechanism that may be important in pathogenesis of AD at early stages.
Evaluation of the Noah Land Surface Model Using Data from a Fair-Weather IHOP_2002 Day with Heterogeneous Surface Fluxes

Abstract Sources of differences between observations and simulations for a case study using the Noah land surface model–based High-Resolution Land Data Assimilation System (HRLDAS) are examined for sensible and latent heat fluxes H and LE, respectively; surface temperature Ts; and vertical temperature difference T0 − Ts, where T0 is at 2 m. The observational data were collected on 29 May 2002, using the University of Wyoming King Air and four surface towers placed along a sparsely vegetated 60-km north–south flight track in the Oklahoma Panhandle. This day had nearly clear skies and a strong north–south soil-moisture gradient, with wet soils and widespread puddles at the south end of the track and drier soils to the north. Relative amplitudes of H and LE horizontal variation were estimated by taking the slope of the least squares best-fit straight line ΔLE/ΔH on plots of time-averaged LE as a function of time-averaged H for values along the track. It is argued that observed H and LE values departing signi...
Introducing accounting—A comprehensive case approach

Abstract The paper presents a 4-part case study designed to be used in introducing the subject matter of financial accounting to undergraduate students, to MBAs, or to executives in a participative and intuitive fashion. Part 1 introduces the theoretical constructs of accounting (e.g., the entity, revenue recognition, valuation) and the fundamentals of balance sheet preparation, part 2 the topic of income measurement, part 3 the subject of cash flows, and part 4 the recording of transactions in worksheet format. As the setting for the case is a mythical barter economy in the high mountains of Chatele, the student is forced to put aside preconceptions of accounting as a mere set of procedural rules and to think (and rethink) choices and issues in the manner of an intellectual puzzle. The parts are solved sequentially, with common solutions agreed upon before the undertaking of the next piece. The final section of the paper presents plausible solutions.
Furuncular Myiasis From Dermatobia Hominus: A Case of Human Botfly Infestation

Abstract Background: Travelers to tropical regions are at risk for a myriad of exotic illnesses. Malaria and dengue are diagnoses that are associated with insect bites, in particular, mosquito bites, acquired while traveling in foreign, tropical countries. Infestation with Dermatobia hominus, the human botfly, endemic to South and Central America, is usually transferred via a mosquito vector. The human botfly should be considered in patients who have traveled to these endemic regions and present with a mosquito bite history and non-healing skin lesions. Objectives: We present this case to increase awareness among emergency physicians regarding furuncular myiasis from the human botfly. Case Report: A 39-year-old pregnant woman presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with an intensely pruritic lesion to the right calf and mild systemic symptoms 6 weeks after travel to Belize. The lesion she thought was a mosquito bite had persisted despite escalating treatment modalities and had been incorrectly diagnosed by multiple physicians. Conclusion: Parasitic disease is not always a systemic process. Botfly infestation presents as local boil-like lesions that are irritating and uncomfortable. Once correctly identified, it can be easily treated in the ED.
Cronyism and Nepotism Are Bad for Everyone: The Research Evidence

Jones and Stout (2015) have made one claim that I would like to correct: There is substantial quantitative (and observational) research on the workplace and organizational performance effects of nepotism and cronyism. That these authors have missed this research is understandable; the research is not in traditional industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology publications (although some of it does appear in journals from the related field of organizational behavior). Nevertheless, this work is systematic and rigorous, and the work provides strong evidence to support the experience-based perceptions of practitioners that nepotism and cronyism damage employees and their supervisors and produces poorer organizational performance. I welcome the opportunity that Jones and Stout (2015) have provided to briefly introduce my colleagues in I-O psychology to this literature.
Synthesis of a β-D-linked disaccharide from dimeric tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-nitroso-α-D-glucopyranosyl chloride

Abstract Condensation of dimeric 3,4,6-tri- O -acetyl-2-deoxy-2-nitroso-α- D -glucopyranosyl chloride with benzyl alcohol in the presence of N,N ,2,4,6-pentamethylaniline or N,N ,2,6-tetramethylaniline gave an oximino glycoside that was reduced with lithium aluminum hydride to benzyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-α- D -gluco- and -mannopyranoside hydrochloride that were identified as the N -acetyl derivatives. Similar condensation of the nitroso chloride with benzyl 2,3,4-tri- O -benzyl-β- D -galactopyranoside (prepared via the 6- O -trityl derivative) gave an anomeric mixture of benzyl 2,3,4-tri- O -benzyl-6- O -(3,4,6-tri- O -acetyl-2-deoxy-2-oximino-α,β- D - arabino -hexopyranosyl)-β- D -galactopyranoside. From the mixture obtained by reduction with lithium aluminum hydride after de- O -acetylation, benzyl 6- O -(2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri- O -acetyl-2-deoxy-β- D -glucopyranosyl)-2,3,4-tri- O -benzyl-β- D -galactopyranoside was obtained in crystalline form; it was found to be identical with the disaccharide obtained by Helferich condensation of 2-acetamido-3,4,6-tri- O -acetyl-2-deoxy-α- D -glucopyranosyl bromide with benzyl 2,3,4-tri- O -benzyl-β- D -galactopyranoside. Paper chromatography of the mixture resulting from the reduction showed the presence of disaccharides having 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α- D -glucopyranosyl and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-α,β- D -mannopyranosyl groups.
Cultivating the inner senses

Comment on Luhrmann, Tanya. 2012. When God talks back: Understanding the American Evangelical relationship with God. New York: Alfred E. Knopf.
Cytopathology of intraocular lens implantation.

Abstract The cytopathology of intraocular lens (IOL) following implantation is reviewed. A newly placed implant attracts macrophages and these settle on its surfaces to form optically clear membranes composed of so-called fibroblast-like cells and a film of proteinaceous material. The membranes apparently become tougher and more firmly adherent with time. The fibroblastlike cells have phagocytic abilities and may form fibrous structures on the surface of implants in complicated situations. Few multinucleated giant cells may be seen in successful cases, but great numbers of giant cells are indicators of adaptation problems. The giant cells on implants include foreignbody, Touton, and Langhans' types. Giant cells on lens implants are commonly associated with nongranulomatous inflammatory cell infiltration in the iris and ciliary body. Inflammatory reactions to IOLs appear to be related to the intolerance of the eye to the IOL foreign body. I present evidence that such inflammatory reactions are a limiting factor in the success of IOL implantation.
A Discussion of the Implications for Secondary School Management of a Static Career Structure

(1983). A Discussion of the Implications for Secondary School Management of a Static Career Structure. School Organisation: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 255-262.
Distributed Lagrange multipliers based on fictitious domain method for second order elliptic problems

In this article we further investigate the solution of linear second order elliptic boundary value problems by distributed Lagrange multipliers based fictitious domain methods. The following issues are addressed: (i) Derivation of the fictitious domain formulations. (ii) Finite element approximation. (iii) Iterative solution of the resulting finite dimensional problems (of the saddle-point type) by preconditioned conjugate gradient and Lanczos algorithms.
Timber harvesting technology: environmental and site preparation costs

Reforestation is a critical need in many areas of the world. Where intensive forestry is practiced, after timber is harvested the land must be prepared for reforestation. Site preparation costs are influenced by the amount of biomass remaining after harvest. Timber and pulp products are removed by comparing costs and values per unit. Harvest intensity is therefore influenced by forest products demand and by timber harvesting and transportation costs. More reforestation and less environmental damage may result when timber harvesting and site‐preparation are jointly considered.
White race discourse: preserving racial privilege in a post-racial society

Research on race relations and racism continues to fight many assumptions that we have entered a ‘post-racial’ era. Academics have examined the nuanced ways in which racism is expressed in American...
Imaging Elementary Events of Calcium Release in Skeletal Muscle Cells

In skeletal muscle cells, calcium release to trigger contraction occurs at triads, specialized junctions where sarcoplasmic reticulum channels are opened by voltage sensors in the transverse tubule. Scanning confocal microscopy was used in cells under voltage clamp to measure the concentration of intracellular calcium, [Ca2+]i, at individual triads and [Ca2+]i gradients that were proportional to calcium release. In cells stimulated with small depolarizations, the [Ca2+]i gradients broke down into elementary events, corresponding to single-channel currents of about 0.1 picoampere. Because these events were one-tenth to one-fifth the size of calcium sparks (elementary release events of cardiac muscle), skeletal muscle control mechanisms appear to be fundamentally different.
Study of the murine allantois by allantoic explants.

The murine allantois will become the umbilical artery and vein of the chorioallantoic placenta. In previous studies, growth and differentiation of the allantois had been elucidated in whole embryos. In this study, the extent to which explanted allantoises grow and differentiate outside of the conceptus was investigated. The explant model was then used to elucidate cell and growth factor requirements in allantoic development. Early headfold-stage murine allantoises were explanted directly onto tissue culture plastic or suspended in test tubes. Explanted allantoises vascularized with distal-to-proximal polarity, they exhibited many of the same signaling factors used by the vitelline and cardiovascular systems, and they contained at least three cell types whose identity, gene expression profiles, topographical associations, and behavior resembled those of intact allantoises. DiI labeling further revealed that isolated allantoises grew and vascularized in the absence of significant cell mingling, thereby supporting a model of mesodermal differentiation in the allantois that is position- and possibly age-dependent. Manipulation of allantoic explants by varying growth media demonstrated that the allantoic endothelial cell lineage, like that of other embryonic vasculatures, is responsive to VEGF(164). Although VEGF(164) was required for both survival and proliferation of allantoic angioblasts, it was not sufficient to induce appropriate epithelialization of these cells. Rather, other VEGF isoforms and/or the outer sheath of mesothelium, whose maintenance did not appear to be dependent upon endothelium, may also play important roles. On the basis of these findings, we propose murine allantoic explants as a new tool for shedding light not only on allantoic development, but for elucidating universal mechanisms of blood vessel formation, including vascular supporting cells, either in the intact organism or in existing in vitro systems.
Queer (v.) queer (v.): biology as curriculum, pedagogy, and being albeit queer (v.)

In order to advance the purpose of education as creating a sustainable world yet to be imagined, educationally, queer (v.) queer (v.) expounds curriculum, pedagogy and being, which has roots in sexuality—the public face of the private confluence of sexuality, gender, race and class, are a necessary framework for queer. If queer is a complicated conversation of strangers’ eros, then queer facilitates the creation of space, revolution and transformation. In other words, queer, for science education, is more than increasing and privileging the heteronormative and non-heteronormative science content that extends capitalism’s hegemony, but rather science as the dignity, identity, and loving and caring of and by one’s self and fellow human beings as strangers.
Personality correlates of drug preference among college undergraduates.

Three groups of college drug users–those expressing a preference for marijuana, amphetamines, or barbiturates–reported on experiences resulting from their drugs, and these groups, together with a group of nondrug-users, completed the Omnibus Personality Inventory (OPI). On the OPI the nonusers appeared more conventional and conforming than each drug group. Those preferring marijuana were less anxious than any other group, but the most distinctive group was that preferring barbiturates, which appeared the least intellectually inclined and the most emotionally distressed. This group's personality dispositions also seemed generally concordant with the experiences they reported from the drug.
Fabrication of thin metallic membranes by MOCVD and sputtering

Abstract Thin (0.1–1.5 μm) Pd and Pd Ag alloy membranes have been prepared on porous ceramic substrates consisting of a macroporous α-Al2O3 disk coated with a sol-gel derived, mesoporous γ-Al2O3 top layer. Metallorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and magnetron sputtering were used to coat the thin metallic membranes employing Pd(II) acetylacetonate and a 75% Pd-25% Ag alloy target, respectively. The gas transport properties of the thin metallic membranes were determined by multicomponent permeation experiments with He, H2 and Ar at 25–300°C and 1 atm total pressure. The H2 permeance and H2: He selectivity were in the range 1.0–2.0 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 and 30–200 at 300°C, respectively. The dependence of H2 permeation rates on membrane thickness and temperature suggest that surface reaction steps are rate-limiting for H2 transport through the thin, ceramic-supported metallic membranes made by MOCVD and sputtering.
Theories of defects in amorphous semiconductors

Abstract The existence of defects in amorphous semiconductors is itself an problem of fundamental interest. Conventional approaches accept their existence only phenomenologically. We described a new approach to defining and understanding defects. The existence of defects is a natural outgrowth of our thermodynamical ensemble theory of electronic states in disordered systems. Specific properties are also predicted through properties of thermodynamic ensembles and the relationship between defect electronic properties and structural energies. Thus we obtain directly electronic properties without a need for detailed microscopic information.
Computer generation of directed trees and complete trees

Abstract It is well known that tho network functions of an active network can be evaluated by means of complete trees or directed trees of ita associated graphs. The paper presents and implements a matrix algorithm that generates all the directed trees or complete trees by a digital computer without redundancies due to duplications. The quantitative statistics of eight practical networks is given.
Quantification of Shigella IcsA required for bacterial actin polymerization

Shigella move through the cytoplasm of host cells by active polymerization of host actin to form an "actin tail." Actin tail assembly is mediated by the Shigella protein IcsA. The process of Shigella actin assembly has been studied extensively using IcsA-expressing Escherichia coli in cytoplasmic extracts of Xenopus eggs. However, for reasons that have been unclear, wild type Shigella does not assemble actin in these extracts. We show that the defect in actin assembly in Xenopus extracts by Shigella can be rescued by increasing IcsA expression by approximately 3-fold. We calculate that the number of IcsA molecules required on an individual bacterium to assemble actin filaments in extracts is approximately 1,500-2,100 molecules, and the number of IcsA molecules required to assemble an actin tail is approximately 4,000 molecules. The majority of wild type Shigella do not express these levels of IcsA when grown in vitro. However, in infected host cells, IcsA expression is increased 3.2-fold, such that the number of IcsA molecules on a significant percentage of intracellular wild type Shigella would exceed that required for actin assembly in extracts. Thus, the number of IcsA molecules estimated from our studies in extracts as being required on an individual bacterium to assemble actin filaments or an actin tail is a reasonable prediction of the numbers required for these functions in Shigella-infected cells.
Asymptotic distribution of statistics based on quadratic entropy and bootstrapping

Abstract We investigate the asymptotic properties of some statistics based on quadratic entropy (QE), a notion introduced by Rao (Sankrya A 44 (1992) 1–21) as a general measure of variability in a population. Sample QE based on i.i.d. observations from a distribution function is defined and its asymptotic distribution is derived. The use of QE in the place of variance in analysis of diversity of cross classified data provides a generalization of ANOVA. We call this method ANOQE (analysis of quadratic entropy). The ANOQE statistic for testing equality of populations based on one-way classified data is constructed and its asymptotic and bootstrap distributions are derived.
Development of a virtual mobile robot laboratory

There is an increasing interest in developing new Mobile Robots because of their applications in a variety of areas. Mobile robots can reach places, which are either inaccessible or unsafe for human beings. TACOM has developed a lab where new mobile robots can be tested. However to save cost and time it is advisable to test robots in a virtual environment before they are tested in a real Lab. The objective of this paper is to explore techniques whereby mobile robots can be tested in a simulated environment. Different techniques have been studied for such simulations and testing in a virtual environment. In particular, State flow and Zed3d software, VRML and Fuzzy Logic approaches have been exploited for this purpose. Different robots, obstacles and terrains have been simulated. It is hoped that such work will prove useful in the study of development and testing of mobile robots.
Congenital Muscular Dystrophy With Complete Laminin-α2-Deficiency, Cortical Dysplasia, and Cerebral White-Matter Changes in Children

Congenital muscular dystrophy consists of Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, Walker-Warburg syndrome, muscle-eye-brain disease, and occidental congenital muscular dystrophy, which is further divided into laminin-α2-positive and laminin-α2-negative subgroups. These forms of congenital muscular dystrophy are frequently associated with abnormal white-matter changes, whereas the Fukuyama form, Walker-Warburg syndrome, and muscle-eye-brain disease are also frequently found to have polymicrogyria. We now report two infants with complete laminin-α2-deficiency who have not only abnormal cerebral white-matter lesions, but also bioccipital polymicrogyria. There are significant similarities in the clinical and cerebral manifestations among the various types of congenital muscular dystrophy. The diagnosis of the Fukuyama form, laminin-α2-deficiency, Walker-Warburg syndrome, and muscle-eye-brain disease cannot always be established on radiological studies alone. (J Child Neurol 1998;13:253-256)
Pituitary adenoma: a clinician's perspective.

ABSTRACT Objective To review the underlying causes of pituitary lesions, a rational approach to their diagnosis, and therapeutic options. Methods The types of pituitary lesions and their clinical manifestations are reviewed, and treatment strategies and long-term follow-up are discussed. Results A pituitary adenoma is quite common and poses a challenge to the clinician to determine the clinical significance, the appropriate diagnosis, the need for treatment, and the appropriate therapy or therapies. The treatment of a pituitary adenoma depends on the type of tumor; a prolactinoma is treated medically with a dopamine agonist drug, and other lesions are usually treated by transsphenoidal surgical removal. Replacement of a deficient hormone or hormones is necessary for optimal functioning. Some patients require more than one treatment, including surgical intervention, replacement of a hormone or hormones, medications to lower hormone hypersecretion to normal (for prolactinoma, acromegaly, or Cushing disease), pituitary radiation therapy (optimally with focused irradiation such as the Gamma Knife or LINEAC), and, in the situation of persistent Cushing disease, bilateral adrenalectomy as a last resort. Lifelong monitoring is necessary for all these patients. Conclusion The goal is to decrease the mass effect of the adenoma, to restore normal pituitary function, and to suppress hormone hypersecretion. Achievement of this goal necessitates the cooperation and interdisciplinary efforts of several medical specialties. (Endocr Pract. 2008;14:757-763)
Scale, scope, and regulation in the Texas gas transmission industry

This article describes and analyzes the Texas Railroad Commission's regulatory policies for the intrastate gas transmission industry, paying special attention to the impact of direct utility competition on scale and scope economies. Our econometric results suggest that most firms operate at substantial decreasing returns to scale, and the largest firms suffer the biggest diseconomies of scale. There are economies of scope between types of gas sales, but diseconomies of scope when a pipeline combines transportation with multiple categories of gas sales. These results suggest that the Texas Railroad Commission's liberal policies on entry and private contracting have not resulted in inefficient entry.
Diode-laser-based in-situ atomic absorption spectroscopy for deposition rate control

In-situ atomic absorption spectroscopy with diode lasers has been performed for monitoring and study of the deposition process in electron beam evaporation. The combination of the wavelength-modulation spectroscopy with external-cavity diode lasers and the balanced detection scheme guarantees the high sensitivity and reliability of the system. Direct measurements of atomic flux in e-beam evaporated yttrium and barium, which are components in YBCO superconducting thin films, have been demonstrated. Atomic number density and velocity were measured through absorption and Doppler shift measurements, respectively, to monitor the atomic flux. The measured velocities show that the e-beam evaporated atoms are in a non-thermal equilibrium state, dependent on source conditions, implying that the flux measurement rather than a simple density measurement for rate control is necessary. Comparison with quartz crystal monitors shows that the present scheme, employing two laser beams counterpropagating at an angle to the substrate surface for measuring the velocity component normal to the substrate surface, can provide a pressure-independent flux measurement. In yttrium, which has an additional significantly populated metastable level, results show that pressure-independent flux measurement requires measurements at both the ground state and the metastable levels. Real-time curve-fitting for in- situ flux measurement was demonstrated. In addition, sticking and re-evaporation characteristics of barium was also investigated, demonstrating the feasibility of in-situ sticking coefficient measurement.