cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rapid Mapping of Protein Structure, Interactions, and Ligand Binding by Misincorporation Proton-Alkyl Exchange

Understanding protein conformation, interactions, and ligand binding is essential to all biological inquiry. We report a novel biochemical technique, called misincorporation proton-alkyl exchange (MPAX), that can be used to footprint protein structure at single amino acid resolution. MPAX exploits translational misincorporation of cysteine residues to generate probes for physical analysis. We apply MPAX to the triosephosphate isomerase (β/α)8 barrel, accurately determining its substrate-binding site, a protein-protein interaction surface, the solvent-accessible protein surface, and the stability of the barrel. Because MPAX requires only microgram quantities of material and is not limited by protein size, it is ideally suited for proteins not amenable to conventional structural methods, such as membrane proteins, partially folded or insoluble proteins, and large protein complexes.
An approach for looking at sediment quality on a national perspective

Sediment quality analyses are conducted for specific reasons and most for some type of regulatory purpose. These purposes could include support for: sediment remediation, dredged material disposal, and sediment monitoring. One such sediment monitoring effort in the United States is to fulfill the requirements set forth in the Water Resources Development Act of 1992 (WRDA). This Act requires EPA to develop the National Sediment Quality Survey, a national evaluation of sediment quality in the United States. The first report was prepared in 1997 and described the incidence and severity of sediment contamination nationwide. The first update to this report was recently released (USEPA, 2004) and is designed to be a screening-level assessment for the identification of potentially contaminated sediments. While there are many challenges to assessing sediment contamination on a localized area, these are drastically magnified at a national scale. One of the biggest challenges was the reliance on existing sediment q...
Resonance damping in tightly coupled d.c. SQUIDs via intra-coil resistors

Abstract Intra-coil damping is demonstrated to be an effective method for reducing resonance structure in well coupled d.c. SQUIDs with large input coils. A resistance of 1 Ω is placed across each turn of a 137 turn coil coupled to a planar washer d.c. SQUID. Non-ideal structure in the voltage–flux curve is greatly reduced, extending the range (in current bias) of satisfactory device operation. The resulting flux noise, while higher than the thermal noise limit, is less than that observed in undamped devices and can be predicted with a simple model.
Intrathecal toxicity studies with benzyl alcohol

Aseptic meningitis has been observed following intrathecal administration of radiopharmaceuticals that contain benzyl alcohol as a preservative. Cisterna magna injections of benzyl alcohol in concentrations as high as 10 times that normally used did not produce meningitis in adult or immature dogs. With 9% benzyl alcohol, transient respiratory arrest was observed in adult dogs and death was observed in immature dogs; 7% and 4.5% benzyl alcohol produced clonic seizures in puppies.
Sexual size dimorphism in parasitoid wasps

Sexual dimorphism in body length and proportion of overlap between the ranges of body length for males and females were estimated for 361 species of parasitoid wasps from 21 families. In most species, females are generally larger than males, though the range of male and female sizes overlap. Species in the family Ichneumonidae differ significantly from species in other families in three ways: (1) ichneumonids on average are larger, (2) in most species, females are generally smaller than males, and (3) on average, proportion overlap between the ranges of body length for males and females is greater. At present, there is a paucity of life history data on parasitoid wasp species for which size dimorphism is known. Thus it is not clear why ichneumonids differ from species in other families. Possible evolutionary explanations for variation in dimorphism among parasitoid wasp species are discussed.
Investigation of the Statistical Power of the Content Uniformity Tests Using Simulation Studies

A simulation study was performed to investigate the statistical power of the revised US Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. and Bergum’s revised test acceptance limits for 95% confidence. In this simulation exercise, relatively small artificial lots of dosage units (20,000 U) were created to represent various probability distributions with increasing levels of defects. A simulation tool was developed to extract valid samples from each lot and perform the compendial test repeatedly for a minimum of 11,000 trials. This paper describes the results of these simulation trials.
Cytosol androgen receptor (AR) in human skin fibroblasts: characterization of the binding reaction and differentiation from androgen binding molecules of lower affinity.

Abstract Androgen binding was studied in cytosol of human fibroblasts at 4°C. When 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was the ligand, a curvilinear Scatchard plot was seen, which was resolved into two components: I the androgen receptor (AR), K d = 0.12–0.44 nM, and II a low affinity species, K d = 6.3–28 nM. The same cytosol demonstrated only type I binding for 3 H-methyltrienolone (MTr), K d = 0.10–0.40 nM. The AR, i.e., 3 H-MTr binding activity, eluted at 440,000 d by gel filtration chromatography in pre-labeling and post-labeling experiments. When the ligand was 3 H-DHT, binding activity in the 10,000–45,000 d range was seen in addition to AR. Thus, saturable nonreceptor steroid binding was seen for DHT but not for MTr. The latter is the preferred ligand for the study of the AR in this system.
The fluorescein-mediated interaction of bovine serum albumin with fluorescent derivatives of prolactin and other polypeptides in polarization of fluorescence based assays

Abstract During the course of studies relating to the interaction of bovine prolactin with its receptor, it was observed that the fluorescence polarization of prolactin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (fluorescein prolactin) increased from 0.10 to 0.15 upon the addition of bovine serum albumin. Dilution titration measurements show an apparent Kdissociation for the BSA-fluorescein-prolactin complex of 1.1 × 10−7 M. The stoichiometry of the complex was shown to be approximately 2 mol of fluorescein-prolactin per mole of BSA. The fluorescence emission spectra of the fluorescein moiety in the fluorescein-prolactin is slightly red shifted and increased in intensity in the presence of BSA. The interaction between prolactin and BSA is dependent on the fluorescein attached to the prolactin since [125I]prolactin does not form a complex with BSA under identical conditions. The fluorescence polarization of fluorescein-labeled growth hormone and α-lactalbumin also increased in the presence of BSA, suggesting that BSA may interact generally with fluorescein-labeled proteins to form complexes bridged through the fluorescein moiety.
Gains from Improved Irrigation Water Use Efficiency in Egypt

Egypt's fortunes hinge on the Nile. However, little research to date has evaluated economic efficiency improvements that could be achieved by altering Egypt's agricultural water use patterns. This study develops an integrated catchment scale framework to identify potential economic benefits that can be supported by Egypt's irrigation water use. An optimization framework is developed to identify improvements in national farm income, which can be produced with current water supplies that are compatible with Egypt's hydrological, environmental, and institutional constraints. Results suggest that limited water trading across locations and seasons can increase national farm income by up to 28%. The methods used provide a framework for informing decisions on sustainable use of land and water for improved rural livelihoods in the developing world's irrigated areas.
Residential treatment of males: the influential role of parental attitudes.

Considering the enormous financial cost and the clinical complexity of treating disturbed children in a psychiatric inpatient program, it seems important to look at the factors involved in successful residential treatment. The present study assessed the relation between attitudes and reactions expressed by parents prior to their children's admission and the outcome of treatment. The results show that parents may influence the hospital course of their children in ways that seem subtle and indirect. The extent to which parents expressed relief was predictive of negative outcome. More surprisingly, the parents' subjective sense of control over the hospitalization process was negatively associated with progress, and separation difficulties forecast positive outcome. The results raise the question of whether a child's progress in a psychiatric inpatient program can be augmented by addressing these factors prior to and in the course of the child's hospitalization.
Interferon-α and -β Restrict Polyomavirus JC Replication in Primary Human Fetal Glial Cells: Implications for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Therapy

One of the major limitations of highly active antiretroviral therapy is its inability to inhibit the replication of polyomavirus JC (JCV), the etiologic agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining illness. We previously demonstrated the induction of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs) by JCV. In the present study, we characterize the specific viral events required to induce ISGs and the potential antiviral effects of type I IFN on JCV replication in human fetal glial cells in the presence and absence of type I IFNs. Productive JCV replication was essential for the induction of the antiviral host response. JCV replication at all steps was significantly inhibited in the presence of IFN, and neutralizing anti-IFN antibody rescued the inhibitory effect of IFN. These results support the use of IFN as an adjunct therapy for patients with PML. Because IFN cannot cross the blood-brain barrier to achieve its direct antiviral effect, intrathecal administration of IFN is warranted.
Shear and Compressional-Wave Surface and Downhole Tests in Southern Louisiana: ABSTRACT

Shear- and compressional-wave seismic tests using the Vibroseis system were performed near a well in south-central Louisiana to study acquisition, processing, and interpretation problems typically encountered in low-velocity, relatively uncompacted Gulf Coast sediments. The primary objectives envisioned for these tests were to improve S-wave data quality by studying surface noise patterns to optimize source and receiver arrays, provide a direct correlation of P- and S-wave seismic data by using vertical seismic profiles (VSP), and measure the decay of P- and S-wave seismic energy with depth by using a downhole geophone. To achieve these objectives, an expanding reflection profile (ERP), a walkaway noise analysis, and a VSP were recorded with both S- and P-wave sources. The S-wave ERP shows reasonable data quality although it was very band-limited (5-12 Hz). In contrast, the P-wave data quality is excellent. The difference in data quality is primarily due to strong, source-generated End_Page 465------------------------------ noise from the S-wave vibrators. Time-depth data available from the S- and P-wave VSPs were used to convert the time sections to depth, and hence provide the best visual tie of common reflecting horizons. The accuracy of the ties is mainly limited by the poor signal-to-noise ratio and narrow bandwidth of the S-wave data. Finally, energy decay measurements from first breaks on VSP data show that S waves have a higher loss than P waves in the near surface. However, below 3,000 ft (915 m), the slopes of the energy decay curves are similar, thus implying S-wave data quality will not deteriorate faster than P-wave data quality at greater depths. End_of_Article - Last_Page 466------------
Intraoperative assessment of renal and visceral artery reconstruction: The role of duplex scanning and spectral analysis***

Abstract To refine our ability to assess intraoperatively renal and visceral reconstructions, we have investigated the usefulness of combined duplex scanning and Doppler spectral analysis to determine the technical adequacy and flow characteristics of these repairs. We studied 62 patients (116 arteries) who underwent renal (83 arteries) or visceral (13) reconstruction by transaortic endarterectomy (76), autogenous graft (12) or prosthetic (5) bypass, reimplantation (2), and dilation (1). Twenty-six nonreconstructed vessels were also studied, including preoperative arteries (6), unrepaired arteries (14), and normal renal arteries (donor nephrectomies) (6). Duplex scanning was performed by means of a 7.5 or 10 MHz probe placed in a sterile glove and plastic sleeve. Peak (V s ) and mean (V m ) velocities measured in meters per second were subsequently calculated from frequency spectral analysis. Spectral broadening (SB) and aortic inflow data were also collected and analyzed. There were no complications related to ultrasound scanning. Mean scan time was 7.8 minutes. Fourteen of 26 nonreconstructed vessels (54%) appeared normal by duplex scanning, including all six control (normal) renal arteries. Sixty-five reconstructed arteries (68%) appeared normal, 27 had various minor defects, and four had major defects (three occlusions and one floating thrombus). The major defects were repaired, whereas minor ones were not. Confirmatory studies were obtained in 19 (73%) nonoperated and 73 (76%) operated vessels. There were two false negative duplex studies (sensitivity 89%) and 17 false positive duplex studies—all minor defects (specificity 77%). The predictive value of duplex scans in detecting the presence of confirmed defects was Tau=0.47 (p = 0.01). Although SB correlated with B-mode imaging alone (Tau = 0.21, p=0.07), it added no independent value in predicting the results of a confirmatory study. No other variable (V s , V m , or aortic inflow) added to the duplex scan in predicting an abnormal confirmatory study. Detailed renal and visceral artery spectral analysis data are provided for validation of this technique and comparison with transcutaneous studies. These data suggest that the requirement for reliable and immediate assessment of renal and visceral reconstructions, particularly those involving transaortic extraction endarterectomy, is satisfied by duplex scanning. (J VASC SURG 1987;5:137-47.)
A heuristic search and its roughness

This paper introduces an abstract model of heuristic search for handling uncertainty. In the search, heuristic information and evaluation are precisely defined mathematically. As special cases, the model includes a previous probabilistic game-tree search and a pattern search. This paper also considers the relationship between the model and the rough set approach. Each rough set formulation can be reformulated as a special case of the abstract model.
Scan blindness free phased array design using PBG materials

Scan blindness occurs for phased arrays when propagation constants of Floquet modes (space harmonics) coincide with those of surface waves supported by the array structure. In this paper, we studied the possibility of using photonic band-gap (PBG) substrate to eliminate scan blindness. A specially designed printed PBG substrate can suppress surface wave propagation inside its bandgap range, therefore it can be used to eliminate scan blindness. In this paper, we presented a method of moments (MoM) analysis of the scan properties of dipole arrays on PBG substrates with ominidirectional bandgap(s). We found that scan blindness is completely eliminated. The elimination of scan blindness makes PBG materials very attractive in phased array design.
On the thermodynamics of a degenerate two-dimensional electron gas in a strong magnetic field: density of states

Systematic expansions, in powers ofB−1, for the free energy and the density of states, are derived for a two-dimensional degenerate electron gas in the presence of a strong magnetic field and an arbitrary potential. They are then applied to a system involving random impurities. Landau levels are shown to be broadened, with level widths related to the impurity concentration and potential. We show that level broadenings, induced by long range electron-impurity ineractions, do not depend on the magnetic field in the strong field limit, confirming the existing theories. But broadened Landau levels can have a large variety of shapes as one changes the impurity potential, distribution and concentration. Our theory, with a Gaussian potential, leads to a good agreement with the recent experiment on the de Haas-van Alphen effect in Br2-graphite intercalation compounds
Therapy of Petit Mal (Absence) Seizures

Although petit mal or typical absence seizures are not life threatening, it is important for the pediatrician to recognize the disorder because untreated they can affect school performance, increase the risk of accidental injury, and lead to the victim9s being ridiculed by classmates for being "spacey." CLASSIFICATION Unfortunately, petit mal is probably the most misused term in epileptology. In 1969, The International League Against Epilepsy published a classification of epileptic seizures entitled The International Classification of Epilepsy. This classification, which has recently undergone revision, categorizes seizures into two groups: partial, seizures in which the first clinical and electroencephalographic changes indicate initial activation of a system of neurons limited to a part of one cerebral hemisphere, and generalized, those in which the first clinical changes indicate initial involvement of both hemispheres. In absence seizures, as in all primary generalized seizures, the ictal EEG patterns are bilateral and reflect neuronal discharge which is widespread. Absence seizures can be further subdivided into typical and atypical absences (Table 1). Although the term petit mal has been eliminated from the revised International Classification of Seizures, the term is still widely used by physicians. Most physicians use it to describe a simple absence with impairment of consciousness only, and with a rhythmic, three cycles per second, spike and wave discharge on the electroencephalogram in a child between age 3 years and puberty who has normal intelligence and in whom a neurologic examination prduces normal findings.
Both Subunits of ATP-Citrate Lyase from Chlorobium tepidum Contribute to Catalytic Activity

ABSTRACT ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) is an essential enzyme of the reductive tricarboxylic acid (RTCA) pathway of CO2 assimilation. The RTCA pathway occurs in several groups of autotrophic prokaryotes, including the green sulfur bacteria. ACL catalyzes the coenzyme A (CoA)-dependent and MgATP-dependent cleavage of citrate into oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA, representing a key step in the RTCA pathway. To characterize this enzyme from the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobium tepidum and determine the role of its two distinct polypeptide chains, recombinant holo-ACL as well as its two individual subunit polypeptides were synthesized in Escherichia coli. The recombinant holoenzyme, prepared from coexpressed large and small ACL genes, and the individual large and small subunit polypeptides, prepared from singly expressed genes, were all purified to homogeneity to high yield. Purified recombinant holo-ACL was isolated at high specific activity, and its kcat was comparable to that of previously prepared native C. tepidum ACL. Moreover, the purified recombinant large and small subunit polypeptides were able to reconstitute the holo-ACL in vitro, with activity levels approaching that of recombinant holo-ACL prepared from coexpressed genes. Stoichiometric amounts of each subunit protein were required to maximize the activity and form the most stable structure of reconstituted holo-ACL. These results suggested that this reconstitution system could be used to discern the catalytic role of specific amino acid residues on each subunit. Reconstitution and mutagenesis studies together indicated that residues of each subunit contributed to different aspects of the catalytic mechanism, suggesting that both subunit proteins contribute to the active site of C. tepidum ACL.
Toddlers' prosocial behavior: from instrumental to empathic to altruistic helping.

The study explored how the meaning of prosocial behavior changes over toddlerhood. Sixty-five 18- and 30-month-olds could help an adult in 3 contexts: instrumental (action based), empathic (emotion based), and altruistic (costly). Children at both ages helped readily in instrumental tasks. For 18-month-olds, empathic helping was significantly more difficult than instrumental helping and required greater communication from the adult about her needs. Altruistic helping, which involved giving up an object of the child’s own, was the most difficult for children at both ages. Findings suggest that over the 2nd year of life, prosocial behavior develops from relying on action understanding and explicit communications to understanding others’ emotions from subtle cues. Developmental trajectories of social-cognitive and motivational components of early helping are discussed.
Evaluation of an electromagnetic position tracking device for measuring in vivo, dynamic joint kinematics

An electromagnetic position tracking device was evaluated to determine its static and dynamic accuracy and reliability for applications related to measuring in vivo joint kinematics. The device detected the position and orientation of small coiled sensors, maintained in an electromagnetic field. System output was measured against known translations or rotations throughout the measurement volume. Average translational errors during static testing were 0.1 +/- 0.04, 0.2 +/- 0.17, and 0.8 +/- 0.81 mm (mean+/-SD) for sensors 50, 300, and 550 mm away from the field generator, respectively. Average rotational errors were 0.4 +/- 0.31 degrees, 0.4 +/- 0.21 degrees, and 0.9 +/- 0.85 degrees (mean +/- SD) for sensors located at the same distances. Since we intended to use this system in an animal walking on a treadmill, we incrementally moved the sensors under various treadmill conditions. The effects of treadmill operation on translational accuracy were found to be negligible. The effects of dynamic motions on sensor-to-sensor distance were also assessed for future data collection in the animal. Sensor-to-sensor distance showed standard deviations of 2.6 mm and a range of 13 mm for the highest frequency tested (0.23 Hz). We conclude that this system is useful for static or slow dynamic motions, but is of limited use for obtaining gait kinematics at higher speeds.
Residential microgrid model for disaster recovery operations

Microgrids hold great potential to improve the reliability of modern power systems, to foster the integration of renewable sources, and to enable smart grid development. In this paper, we design a microgrid that provides all of these benefits. The proposed microgrid serves a notional residential area located in South Florida, which is a region that is annually exposed to hurricanes. It meets all the design requirements raised by the environmental attributes of that region. It has been modeled in MATLAB for energy analysis and in PSCAD for dynamic simulations. By combining novel inverter control and central control from previous research, it has been demonstrated that the proposed microgrid can support sustained islanding mode of operation before, during, and after a major storm.
Reaction Engineering for Emulsion Polymerization

The mechanisms and kinetics of emulsion polymerization reactions have been presented in earlier papers. Although some uncertainties remain, especially for complex commercial recipes, significant progress has been made in our understanding of the physical and chemical phenomena involved in these reactions. This expanded knowledge base has proven to be useful for the design of latex products and manufacturing processes.
The Solar Neutral Iron Spectrum. I: Measurement of Solar Fe I Line Profiles from Center to Limb

The profiles of eighteen neutral iron lines of varying strengths were synthesized from disk center to the limb using source functions from detailed statistical equilibrium calculations. Emphasis is placed upon the analysis of the strong Fe i lines between 3500 A and 4500 A which are formed at and below the region of the initial temperature rise in the chromosphere. The major results are as follows: (1) We find an iron abundance of 1.5 × 1−5 relative to hydrogen (7.2 on a logarithmic scale with hydrogen equal to 12) that is independent of the assumed microturbulence model since it is based upon the far wing profiles of the strong lines. The far wings are formed in the photosphere where both the ionization and excitation equilibria are in detailed balance, so this abundance is directly comparable to other LTE abundances. (2) The strong line cores indicate that the chromospheric electron densities in the region of the initial temperature rise are similar to those derived by Henze (1969) from eclipse observations; i.e. higher than the HSRA model (Gingerich et al., 1971) by factors of two to five. We present (3) an anisotropic (angle-dependent) microturbulent velocity model, and (4) a mean macroturbulent velocity that aids in fitting the line cores. The formation of the two Fe i lines λ5232.95 and λ5250.21 is also discussed.
Smooth Muscle Cells and Myofibroblasts Use Distinct Transcriptional Mechanisms for Smooth Muscle α-Actin Expression

There has been considerable controversy regarding the lineage relationship between smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and myofibroblasts, because they express a number of common cell-selective markers including smooth muscle (SM) α-actin. We have shown previously that MCAT elements within the SM α-actin promoter confer differential activity in cultured SMCs versus myofibroblasts. In the present study, to determine the role of MCAT elements in vivo, we generated transgenic mice harboring an SM α-actin promoter–enhancer–LacZ reporter gene containing MCAT element mutations and compared transgene expression patterns with wild-type SM α-actin promoter–enhancer–LacZ transgenic mice. Results showed no differences in LacZ expression patterns in adult SMC-containing tissues. However, of interest, mutations of MCAT elements selectively abolished transgene expression in myofibroblasts within granulation tissue of skin wounds. In addition, mutations of MCAT elements caused a delay in the induction of transgene expression in SMCs, as well as loss of expression in cardiac and skeletal muscles during embryogenesis. Results of small interfering RNA–induced knockdown experiments showed that RTEF-1 regulated SM α-actin transcription in myofibroblasts, but not in differentiated SMCs. Moreover, quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that RTEF-1 bound to the MCAT element–containing region within the SM α-actin promoter in myofibroblasts, whereas transcriptional enhancer factor (TEF)-1 was bound to the same region in differentiated SMCs. These results provide novel evidence that, although both SMCs and myofibroblasts express SM α-actin, they use distinct transcriptional control mechanisms for regulating its expression. Results also indicate that the MCAT element-mutated SM α-actin promoter–enhancer is a useful tool to direct gene expression selectively in differentiated SMCs.
Poster abstract: connected wireless camera network deployment with visibility coverage

First responder applications often require safety surveillance using wireless camera networks~\cite{breadcrums}. To ensure visual sensing coverage, it is crucial to place optical sensor nodes at proper locations. Under the scenario of energy constrained wireless camera deployment, the issue of communication cost should also be considered. Previous camera deployment research (e.g Art Gallery Problem) mainly concerned sensing coverage. One well-known solution for the art gallery problem is to triangulate the objective polygon and then select vertices to ensure full coverage. However, deploying cameras only in the vertices of polygon may induce inefficiency both in number of necessary cameras and overall communication cost. To reduce the cost, we propose two deployment algorithms: 1) connected visibility region planning algorithm for static deployment given the floor plan is known, and 2) connected visibility region tracking algorithm for the dynamic deployment during the run time. In extensive simulations with real floor plans, our algorithms outperform previous solutions significantly.
Telecommunications and the Changing Geographies of Knowledge Transmission in the Late 20th Century

Recent innovations in telecommunications and computing, enhanced by a global wave of deregulation and the emergence of post-Fordist production regimes, have unleashed profound transformations of various service sectors in the global economy. This paper first reviews the geographical repercussions of the explosion of information services, including the birth of electronic funds transfer systems, the growth of global cities and the dispersal of back offices to low-wage sites across the globe. Secondly, it explores the political economy and spatiality of the largest of these systems, the Internet. Thirdly, it summarises how the global division of labour has recently engendered the birth of 'new information spaces', places whose recent growth is contingent upon the introduction of telecommunications, citing as examples Singapore, Hungary and the Dominican Republic.
A high-impedance, high-resolution, 1-MV radiography diode

Summary form only given. A new high-impedance (~120 ohm), space-charge-limited (SCL) diode has been designed and tested on an ~1-MV, 50-ns FWHM Marx which has a characteristic impedance of ~120 ohms. The diode produces an ~1-mm diameter X-ray spot suitable for high-resolution radiography. Diodes driven with this class of Marx typically use one or more cylindrical washer-like cathodes that surrounds a tapered tungsten anode. The SCL electron beam flows along the electric field lines and spreads out symmetrically from the cathode's edge to produce a radiation source whose axial length (~2 cm) is approximately twice the AK gap spacing. This usually limits the ability to obtain a small radiographic source diameter and limits the useful off-axis angle of view. The present diode uses the same tapered tungsten anode; however the cathode is a sharp edged cylinder that is coaxial with the anode but axially located downstream of the anode tip. The SCL electron beam concentrates at the tapered tungsten tip producing a smaller-diameter radiographic source with shorter axial length. Impedance collapse is also more benign than exhibited with the conventional cathode. Results from PIC simulations agree with experimental measurements and suggest that the diode behavior is dominated by the production of low-atomic-number ions from the irradiated anode tip. These ions increase the electron current by almost a factor-of-four rather than the usual bipolar factor-of-two because of the cylindrical geometry and the large ratio of the cathode to anode radius. We speculate that the time-dependent production of ions starting from the anode tip helps to keep electrons confined near that tip. The geometry also helps to decouple expanding anode plasma from the cathode
Automated water content reconstruction of zero-offset borehole ground penetrating radar data using simulated annealing

The automated inversion of water content profiles from first arrival travel time data collected with zero-offset borehole ground penetrating radar is discussed. The inversion algorithm sets out to find the water content profile that minimizes a least-squares objective function representing the difference between the modeled and measured first arrival travel time. Ray-tracing analysis is used to determine the travel time for direct and critically refracted paths to identify the first arrival travel time. This automated method offers improvement over a previously presented graphical solution that considers both direct and critical refractions. Specifically, this approach can identify thinner layers and allow for the incorporation of uncertainty in the travel time measurements to determine the depth-specific uncertainty of the inferred water content profile through multiple simulations using a stochastic approach.
The Diversity Education Dilemma: Exposing Status Hierarchies Without Reinforcing Them

A diversity education dilemma occurs when exposure to information concerning status hierarchies, related to demographic and other socially salient identity groups, reinforces those hierarchies in the classroom. Discussions of diversity-related issues in a variety of management courses (e.g., immigrant issues in labor relations, the composition of executive leadership teams in strategy, workplace compliance issues in human resource management) may highlight or draw attention to status differences as individuals identify with—and are identified by others as belonging to—higher or lower status groups (e.g., based on race/ethnicity, gender, or physical disability). As a consequence, the “real world” status hierarchy is strengthened within the classroom with negative consequences for student learning. This study uses status characteristics theory to provide a framework for understanding ways in which one’s best-intended practices may be undermining student learning. The authors also propose a series of practic...
A distributed modelling framework for large-scale microscopic traffic simulation

Simulation modelling is an increasingly popular and effective tool for analysing transportation problems, which are not amendable to study by other means. In this paper, we examine the need for distributed simulation from the perspective of computational speedup and development of large-scale network simulation contexts and datasets. After an overview of the general techniques for the distributed discrete-event simulation and previous efforts on the distributed traffic simulation, we present the general architecture of the proposed distributed modelling framework. Two categories of modelling strategies, namely, light global control/independent subnets versus heavy global control/coordinated subnets are described. We have implemented the distributed scheme of light global control/independent subnets and the implemented details, such as communication techniques and vehicle transferring across the boundary of two subnets are discussed. Unlike the previous studies using the dedicated high performance machines, our efforts are to utilise the low-cost networked PCs that are commonly available. By using the Application Programming Interface (API) functions supported by off-the-shelf microscopic traffic simulation software Paramics, we are able to distribute the computational load of microscopic simulation to multiple single-processor PCs without access the proprietary source codes of the simulation program. Performance testing and analysis of the implemented prototype demonstrate that the proposed framework is very promising.
“Le Ciel Est Mort”: Mallarmé and a Metaphysics of (IM)Possibility

It is not my intention, in the words which follow, to explicate, extricate, or otherwise exterminate that obscurity which both torments the reader of Mallarme and allows him to delight in the pleasures of the poet’s highly self-conscious, if not intellectually narcissistic, literary output. That Mallarme’s cryptic verse resists the sort of clarification that practitioners of any of the formalist critical methods have sought to impose on it is proof not merely of the insufficiencies of a positivist reduction of poetic sensibility, but of the presence within it of the primary requisites of all poetic expression — those dimensions of intentionality, temporality, and constitutionality1 — that that sensibility renders operative by its creative function. My purpose, rather, is to explore, however briefly, the metaphysical problem continually posed by Mallarme — that of the ontological limitations of the self, and the aesthetic limitations implicated therein — and this within the framework of the interrelation of these dimensions which deny the poem the self-sufficiency of objective phenomena and determine its status of a verbal irruption of sound and meaning onto a horizon of truth and possibility.
High-Velocity Lyα Emission from SNR 1987A

The high-velocity Lya emission from SN 1987A observed with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) evidently comes from a reverse shock formed where the outer envelope of SN 1987A strikes ionized gas inside the inner circumstellar ring. The observations can be explained by a simple kinematic model, in which the Lya emission comes from hydrogen atoms with radial velocity »15,000 km s 21 crossing a reverse shock in the shape of a slightly prolate ellipsoid with equatorial radius cm or »80% of the distance to the 17 4.8 # 10 inner surface of the inner ring. N v ll1239, 1243 emission, if present, has a net luminosity &30% times that of the Lya emission. Future STIS observations should enable us to predict the time of impact with the inner ring and to determine unambiguously whether or not N v emission is present. These observations will offer a unique opportunity to probe the structure of SN 1987A’s circumstellar environment and the hydrodynamics and kinetics of very fast shocks. Subject heading: circumstellar matter — hydrodynamics — supernovae: individual (SN 1987A) — ultraviolet: ISM
Applicability of the Hierarchical Scales of the Tufts Assessment of Motor Performance for School-Aged Children and Adults with Disabilities

The relative difficulty of motor performance tasks for school-aged children and adults with physical disabilities within a standardized motor performance test was examined. The Tufts Assessment of Motor Performance (TAMP) was administered to 69 children (ages 6-18 years, X = 12.1, SD = 3.9) and 137 adults (ages 19-83 years, X = 46.7, SD = 20.0) with neurological and musculoskeletal impairments. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the hierarchical scales of the motor performance tasks between the pediatric and adult disability samples were congruent. Correlations of task difficulty calibrations (r = .76; P less than .01) and task rank ordering (rho = .76; P less than .01) were moderately high and positive between pediatric and adult subjects. Significant age-group differences emerged in relation to a number of individual motor performance tasks. In general, mobility and ambulation tasks were relatively easier for children, whereas manipulation tasks were relatively easier for adults. The data suggest a strong similarity in the overall pattern of motor performance task difficulty for children and adults. The results support the use by physical therapists of two parallel versions of the TAMP to describe the motor performance of adults and school-aged children with physical disabilities.
Prolactin and growth hormone synthesis: effects of perphenazine, alpha-methyltyrosine and estrogen in different thyroid states.

SummaryThe effects of thyroid hormones on prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) synthesis by the rat anterior pituitary gland were assessed in vitro. A marked reduction (84–87%) in the rate of H3-leucine incorporation into GH was evident 2–4 weeks after thyroidectomy, while incorporation into PRL was 52–71% less than that measured in glands from intact rats. A single injection of T4 (200 μg/kg) administered to thyroidectomized (THX) rats 48 hr before sacrifice significantly increased incorporation into both pituitary hormones, although the stimulation of GH synthesis was much more dramatic.Perphenazine, α-methyltyrosine and estrogen enhanced the rate of PRL synthesis in intact rats. Thyroid ablation did not affect the response to perphenazine, but significantly increased the response to α-methyltyrosine and estrogen. On the other hand, administration of T4 to THX rats receiving perphenazine, α-methyltyrosine or estrogen diminished the stimulatory influence of these treatments on PRL synthesis.Perphenazi...
Listening to Herakleitos

But because Hippolytus, in his Refutations (IX.9), gives the same quotation as the words of Herakleitos himself with the particle de, some scholars respond that the fragment must have followed an opening state ment in which Herakleitos, according to a supposed custom of the times, named himself and stated his subject-matter, namely, the logos of what there is tou d'eontos.2 And other scholars, such as Bywater in his well known edition, have placed one or another likely fragment just before DK22 Bl, as properly preceding it.3 But this is all based on the assumption that Herakleitos himself wrote, or put together, a book of his own utterances and divided these?in just the way later compilers did?into a set of sayings about "nature" and a set of sayings about "man." Herakleitos, however, like his still basically oral aural culture, would at best have been recitation-literate, as we call the situation in which people compose their messages to be heard, and only put them down in writing later, for some ulterior purpose. And it is both unliterary and probably anachronistic to attribute to an oracular aphorist, the standard opening used by later historians or the compartmentalization of subject-matter practiced by fourth-century treatise-writers. This, of course, doesn't mean that the logos is not one of Herakleitos' principal
MODIFIED BMI DOES NOT PREDICT ADVERSE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC AMYLOID UNDERGOING HEART TRANSPLANTATION: A REPORT FROM ICCAT (INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM FOR CARDIAC AMYLOID TRANSPLANTATION)

Modified body mass index (mBMI), (BMI × serum albumin) predicts clinical outcomes after liver-transplant for transthyretin-related amyloidosis (ATTR). We sought to evaluate the utility of mBMI to predict outcomes in patients with cardiac amyloidosis undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT
SEANet: A Software-Defined Acoustic Networking Framework for Reconfigurable Underwater Networking

As of today, Underwater Acoustic Networks (UANs) are heavily dependent on commercially available acoustic modems. While commercial modems are often able to support specific applications, they are typically not flexible enough to satisfy the requirements of next-generation UANs, which need to be able to adapt their communication and networking protocols in real-time based on the environmental and application conditions. To address these needs, we present SEANet (Software-dEfined Acoustic Networking), a modular, evolving software-defined framework for UAN devices that offers the necessary flexibility to adapt and satisfy different application and system requirements through a well-defined set of functionalities at the physical, data-link, network, and application layers of the networking protocol stack. SEANet is based on a structured modular architecture that enables real-time reconfiguration at different layers, provides a flexible platform for the deployment of new protocol designs and enhancements, and ensures software portability for platform independence. Moreover, we present a prototype of a low-cost, fully reconfigurable underwater sensing platform that implements the SEANet framework, and discuss performance evaluation results from water tank tests.
The Genus Gomphidius with a Revised Description of the Gomphidiaceae and a Key to the Genera

SUMMARYThree sections containing nine species and two varieties are described for the genus Gomphidius Fries including two new species and two new varieties. Additional ecological information and extended ranges of many of the taxa are reported. The monotypic genus Cystogomphus is included along with a key to the genera and a revised description of the Gomphidiaceae. Camera lucida drawings, photomicrographs, and photographs of many of the species are included.
Structure and Dynamics of Turbulence in Super-Hydrophobic Channel Flow

The structure and dynamics of turbulence in turbulent channel flow with super-hydrophobic (SH) walls has been investigated using DNS with Lattice Boltzmann methods. The channel walls consisted of longitudinal arrays of SH microgrooves of width g, separated by distances of w. The liquid/gas interfaces in the SH walls were modeled as idealized, flat, shear-free surfaces. Simulations were performed at a bulk Reynolds number of \(Re_b = U_{bulk} h/\nu = 3600\), corresponding to \(Re_{\tau _0} = u_{\tau _0} h / \nu \approx 223\). Drag reductions (DR) of 5–47 % and 51–83 % were obtained with \(g/w=1\), and \(g/w = 7\) and \(g/w = 15\), respectively. DR was found to be primarily due to surface slip. Mathematical analysis shows that the magnitude of DR in both laminar and turbulent flow is given by \(DR = U_{slip}/U_{bulk} + O(\varepsilon )\). In laminar flow, where DR is purely due to surface slip, \(\varepsilon \) is zero. In turbulent flow, \(\varepsilon \) attains a small nonzero value at high DR, reflecting additional DR effects resulting from modification of the turbulence dynamics in the interior of the flow due to the presence of the SH surface. Analysis of the turbulence statistics and kinetic energy budgets in the drag-reduced flow reveals that the influence of the SH surface remains confined to a surface layer of thickness on the order of the SH microgrooves width, g. Outside of this layer, the ‘normalized’ turbulence dynamics proceeds as in regular turbulent channel flow. Within the surface layer, the presence of the pattern of longitudinal microgrooves on the SH surfaces gives rise to spanwise variations in all Reynolds-averaged turbulence quantities, leading to development of a mean secondary flow and additional turbulence production and Reynolds shear stresses within the surface layer of the SH channel.
Surveillance for 1000 kV Transmission Tower Deformation Using High-resolution SAR Satellite

Under the conditions of present situation and requirements of wide area surveillance for UHV transmission line and tower in natural disaster weather,the technology of using high-resolution SAR satellite to detect UHV transmission line and tower deformation was discussed. Firstly,the fundamental characteristics of SAR image were analyzed. And the target characteristics and target recognition technology of UHV transmission tower in high-resolution SAR images were studied. The algorithm of peak characteristics detection was adopted to recognize the UHV tower targets in Wuhan UHV AC test base. Then,the test of UHV transmission tower deformation was processed. The experimental results show that using SAR target recognition technology can extract the main structure of UHV transmission tower,and the method of using high-resolution SAR images to identify the deformation of UHV transmission tower is feasible.
Therapeutic effect of nitroglycerin combined with magnesium sulfate for pregnancy-induced hypertensive crisis

Objective To observe hypotensive effect of nitroglycerin combined with magnesium sulfate for pregnancy-induced hypertensive crisis.Methods Forty patients with pregnancy-induced hypertensive crisis were treated with 10 mg of nitroglycerin(added in 250ml of 5% glucose solution) for intravenous drip at a speed of 25~100μg/min,combined with magnesium sulfate at the same time.Blood pressure,heart rate and heart rhythm were monitored before and after treatment.Results In blood pressure decrease after 1-hour treatment,the drugs were effectual for 30 patients and were effective for 10 patients,no ineffective patients were found,so the effectual rate was 75% and the total effective rate was 100%.The blood pressure of all patients was lowered to the expected level,both systolic blood pressure [SBP:(23.5±1.6 vs 19.9±1.2)kPa,P0.05] and diastolic blood pressure [DBP:(15.6±0.8 vs 12.0±0.7)kPa,P0.05] were lowered evidently after 1-hour treatment.Before and after treatment,there was no change in the heart rate(including maternal and fetal heart rates) of the patients found(P0.05).Conclusion Nitroglycerin combined with magnesium sulfate poses a smooth hypotensive effect on pregnancy-induced hypertensive crisis with fast efficacy and without any side effects,so it is safe for the mother and the fetus and can be used for those patients with pregnancy-induced hypertensive crisis.