cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Geochemistry of organic and inorganic ions of late winter arctic aerosols

Abstract In order to examine possible natural as well as anthropogenic aerosol ionic components in the Arctic troposphere, we have measured the concentrations of 12 organic and inorganic ions in late winter Arctic aerosols at Barrow, Alaska, sampled as separated coarse and fine fractions. Inorganic ion concentrations are similar to previous data reported from the Arctic. The organic anion methanesulfonate (MSA), in total coarse + fine, averages 0.12 ± 0.02 nmol m−3. High levels of formate (Fo −) and acetate (Ac−) and traces of propionate (Pp−) and pyruvate (Py−) are found, which altogether account for 20% of the total aerosol mass. Total concentrations, as mean ± S.E. nmol m−3, are (Fo−) 5.3± 0.7, (Ac−) 12.4 ± 2.2, (Pp−) 0.3±0.1, and (Py−) 0.1 ± 0.04. Internal relationships among the carboxylic acid anions suggest emissions from natural vegetation. Lacking local sources during winter, these organic anions are likely to have come from lower latitudes as acid vapors that condensed with gaseous NH3 into aerosols in the cold Arctic. Four aerosol types, evidenced by seven principal components in the coarse and fine aerosol fractions of 69 12-h samples, are found by absolute principal component analysis (APCA). The most prominent type is a contaminated sea salt, apparently transported to the Arctic after scavenging combustion products. The second contains carboxylic acid anions, such as could have resulted from co-condensation with NH3 of organic acid vapors from natural sources at lower latitudes. The third is a marine aerosol component containing most of the MSA, Br− and NO−3, as well as small amounts of carboxylic acid anions and some sea salt, and may be a collection of products from gas phase oxidation of precursors. Finally, a fine non-sea salt sulfate (nssSO2−4) component is found that may have come from SO2 conversion in air. Most components have good charge balance of the measured ions as indicated by anion/cation ratios near unity. The ratios reflect approximate acid-base neutralization in the components and indicate aged aerosol systems with long atmospheric residence times. Viewing similar components in coarse and fine fractions together, about 10% of the carboxylic acid anions are associated with pollutants in aerosol type 1. Type 2 accounts for 80% of Fo−and 60% of Ac−. Type 3 accounts for 18% of Fo− and 10% of Ac−. Thus, the carboxylic acid anions appear to be mostly natural, with more than 90% of Fo− and 70% of Ac− in types 2 and 3. In coarse aerosols viewed separately, 67% of nssSO2−4 is in the contaminated sea salt. In fine aerosols, 52% of nssSO2−4 is in a separate SO2−4 component which may be formed by SO2 oxidation. Some nssSO2−4 is associated with MSA in both fractions and is attributed to natural marine biogenic S precursors. This SO2−4 is about 20% of total measured nssSO2−4. These results show that natural compounds are measurable constituents of Arctic aerosols and can account for 60% of the total measured aerosol mass. In future Arctic haze studies both natural and anthropogenic substances should be considered.
An environmentally friendly coating for corrosion protection of aluminum and copper in sodium chloride solutions

Abstract Triacetoxyvinylsilane (TAVS) has been used as precursor to prepare sol–gel under aqueous conditions for the surface treatment of aluminum and copper metals. The corrosion behavior of the sol–gel-treated metals has been investigated with cyclic voltammetry, potentiodyamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results from the electrochemical measurements have shown that the TAVS sol–gel-coated metal provided a better corrosion protection than the triethoxysilane (TES) sol–gel-coated metal due to the hydrophobic nature of vinyl group. Contact angle measurements have been conducted and the results have been applied to explain the degree of the corrosion protection of the coating film.
Split course pelvic irradiation and a boost for carcinoma of the prostate.

Summary Fifty nine patients with prostatic cancer treated by definitive external, irradiation were retrospectively evaluated. The true pelvis and prostate gland were irradiated by a split course technique for 48–50 Gy and 68–70 Gy in 7 weeks with a booster dose of 20 Gy delivered in the rest period (after 24–26 Gy) to the prostate via small ports. The overall 3 and 5 year actuarial survival was 83% and 75%, respectively. Only four patients had persistent local disease and two of these (Stage D) died with local disease and distant metastases. Acute mild diarrhea or mild cystitis occurred in 26 patients whereas two patients developed chronic diarrhea lasting for 2 and 12 months after therapy. There were no long-term complications requiring interventional surgery. Sexual potency did not seem to be affected. These results indicate that carefully performed external radiotherapy with a booster dose delivered half-way through whole pelvic radiation is very well tolerated without affecting the local control rate.
Competitive signal discrimination, methylation reprogramming and genomic imprinting

Genomic imprinting (parent-of-origin-dependent gene regulation) is associated with intra-genomic evolutionary conflict over the optimal pattern of gene expression. Most theoretical models of imprinting focus on the conflict between the maternally and paternally derived alleles at an imprinted locus. Recently, however, more attention has been focused on multi-directional conflicts involving not only the imprinted gene itself, but also the genes that encode the regulatory machinery responsible for establishing and maintaining imprinted gene expression. In this paper, I examine the conflict involved in epigenetic reprogramming of imprinted genes in early mammalian embryonic development. In the earliest phase of development, maternal-store proteins are responsible for most regulatory activity in the embryo. These proteins are under selection to maximize the mother's inclusive fitness, which is not identical to that of either of the sets of genes present in the embryo. Both the maternally and paternally derived genomes in the embryo favor maintenance of the epigenetic modifications established in the female and male germlines, respectively. Maternal-store proteins favor maintenance of some of these modifications, but erasure of others. Here I consider the logical structure of the machinery responsible for these two activities. Methylation maintenance is most effectively performed by AND-linked architectures, which may explain the unusual trafficking behavior of the oocyte-specific DNA methyltransferase, Dnmt1o. By contrast, demethylation is better supported by OR-linked architectures, which may explain the difficulty in identifying the factor(s) responsible for the active demethylation of the paternal genome following fertilization.
Worsening Heart Failure in the Setting of Dronedarone Initiation

Objective:To describe a challenging patient case in which dronedarone was selected for a patient with atrial fibrillation and heart failure; the drug may have been associated with worsening heart failure, leading to acute renal and hepatic failure.Case Summary:A 47-year-old male with a history of heart failure with New York Heart Association class III—IV symptoms presented to our institution with ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia storm. Torsade de pointes secondary to a combination of doletilide and hypokalemia was determined to be the etiology. Upon stabilization, the patient was initiated on dronedarone 400 mg orally twice daily by the electro physiology service for atrial fibrillation. The patient had a questionable history of amkxtaroπe intolerance. By hospital day 9 (day 4 of dronedarone therapy), the patient demonstrated a clinical picture consistent with acute renal and hepatic failure possibly due to worsening heart failure. Dronedarone was discontinued on hospital day 10. He wa...
Incidence of sudden cardiac death in minnesota high school athletes 1993-2012 screened with a standardized pre-participation evaluation

Objectives This study sought to determine the incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) during Minnesota State High School League (MSHSL) games and practices for high school (HS) athletes (12 to 19 years of age, with most age 15 to 18 years of age) using a uniform statewide pre-participation health screening examination (PPE) form every 3 years on a defined population across 19 academic years. Background Adding electrocardiographic screening is being considered by some to reduce cardiac death rates in athletes, but the death rates in defined groups screened by the current U.S. PPE recommendations are unknown. Methods MSHSL participation records were surveyed to determine the number of unduplicated athletes for 1993/1994 through 2011/2012 academic years, and catastrophic insurance records were used to find cardiac deaths. Results There were 4 SCDs (2 cross country, 1 basketball, 1 wrestling), all male, during practice or games in 1,666,509 unduplicated athletes participating in ≥1 sports. The incidence of SCD in athletes screened every 3 years with a history and physical during MSHSL activities is 0.24 per 100,000 athlete-years over 19 years and 0.11 per 100,000 athlete-years over the past decade. Conclusions The incidence of SCD in athletes screened every 3 years with standard PPE during MSHSL activities is 0.24 per 100,000 athlete-years in 19 academic years. This incidence is much lower than that observed in studies of Division 1 National Collegiate Athletic Association and Italian athletes (ages 18 to 25 and mean age 24 years, respectively). Our data do not warrant screening HS athletes with electrocardiography to prevent SCD episodes. The decision to screen athletes with electrocardiography should consider age, training intensity, and genetic predisposition.
Bombesin and nutrients independently and additively regulate hormone release from GIP/Ins cells

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) regulates glucose homeostasis and high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms that regulate GIP re...
The Novel Genes emmABC Are Associated with Exopolysaccharide Production, Motility, Stress Adaptation, and Symbiosis in Sinorhizobium meliloti

The nitrogen-fixing symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti senses and responds to constantly changing environmental conditions as it makes its way through the soil in search of its leguminous plant host, Medicago sativa (alfalfa). As a result, this bacterium regulates various aspects of its physiology in order to respond appropriately to stress, starvation, and competition. For example, exopolysaccharide production, which has been shown to play an important role in the ability of S. meliloti to successfully invade its host, also helps the bacterium withstand osmotic changes and other environmental stresses. In an effort to further elucidate the intricate regulation of this important cell component, we set out to identify genetic factors that may affect its production. Here we characterize novel genes that encode a small protein (EmmA) and a putative two-component system (EmmB-EmmC). A mutation in any of these genes leads to increased production of the symbiotically important exopolysaccharide succinoglycan. In addition, emm mutants display membrane-associated defects, are nonmotile, and are unable to form an optimal symbiosis with alfalfa, suggesting that these novel genes may play a greater role in the overall fitness of S. meliloti both during the free-living stage and in its association with its host.
Destination image differences between visitors and non-visitors: a case of New York City.

This note discusses the influences of previous visits on tourists' destination images. The cognitive and affective images of New York City (NYC) appear to change in certain directions after visiting. The results also found that city images have a significant influence on tourists' visit intention. However, previous visits to NYC did not play any moderating effect between destination images and visiting intention. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The in vivo kinematics of the rheumatoid wrist.

The objectives of this study were to describe the three-dimensional in vivo kinematic behavior of wrists affected by rheumatoid arthritis, to correlate kinematic parameters and two radiographic indices of carpal disease, and to describe the in vivo kinematic behavior of the Swanson Silastic wrist implant. Fifteen normal wrists, 17 rheumatoid wrists, and 7 wrists with Silastic wrist implants were tested using a three-dimensional sonic digitizing system. The motion of the hand segment relative to the forearm segment, corresponding to the positions exhibited during flexion-extension motion (FEM) and radial-ulnar deviation (RUD), was described using the equivalent screw displacement (ESD) concept. The mean magnitudes of ESD rotation for both FEM and RUD were statistically different (p less than 0.05) among the normal, rheumatoid, and implant groups. The remaining ESD parameters (i.e., mean values for the translation, the direction angles of the ESD axis, and the intercepts of this axis with the planes of motion), the minimum separation between the FEM and RUD axes, and the coordinates of the midpoint of this separation were not statistically different (p greater than 0.05) among the normal, rheumatoid, and implant groups. The two radiographic indices (carpal collapse and carpal translation) did not correlate with the magnitude of rotation or with any other ESD parameter.
Mechanism and Specificity of Lanthanide Series Cation Transport by Ionophores A23187, 4-BrA23187, and Ionomycin

Abstract A23187, 4-BrA23187, and ionomycin transport several lanthanide series trivalent cations at efficiencies similar to Ca 2+ , when compared at cation concentrations of ∼10 −5 M, ionophore concentrations of ∼10 −6 M, and a pH of 7.00. Selectivity sequences and the range of relative rates are as follows: A23187, Nd 3+ >La 3+ >Eu 3+ >Gd 3+ >Er 3+ >Yb 3+ >Lu 3+ (∼34-fold); 4-BrA23187, Nd 3+ >Eu 3+ >Gd 3+ >La 3+ >Er 3+ >Yb 3+ >Lu 3+ (∼34-fold); ionomycin, La 3+ >Yb 3+ >Nd 3+ >Lu 3+ >Er 3+ >Eu 3+ >Gd 3+ (∼4-fold). At concentrations between 9 and 250 μ M, La 3+ is transported by an electroneutral mechanism, predominately through mixed complexes of the type (ionophore) 2 La·OH (A23187 and 4-BrA23187) or (ionophore)La·OH (ionomycin), when no membrane potential is present. For all three ionophores, an induced potential of ∼160mV accelerates transport by ∼50–100%. However, measured values of H + /La 3+ exchange indicate that only 4-BrA23187 displays a significant electrogenic activity under these conditions. At a La 3+ concentration of 17mM, transport by all three ionophores is electroneutral and apparently occurs through complexes of type (ionophore) 3 La (A23187 and 4-BrA23187) or (ionophore)La·OH (ionomycin). Analysis of these patterns in a context of comproportionation equilibria involving the transporting species and free La 3+ indicates that the species containing three ionophore molecules are formed on the membrane when aqueous phase solution conditions would strongly favor a 1:1 complex, based upon previous studies in solution. The implications of this and other findings are discussed.
An exploratory evaluation of state road provision to commuters and shippers

Purpose – Due to mounting fiscal pressures, the federal government as well as many state and municipal governments in the USA have had to re-examine their transportation policies. Tax increases and/or spending cuts which aim to trim budget deficits are preoccupations of most policy makers and legislative bodies nowadays. With regard to the task of building new or rehabilitating old bridges, highways, and toll gates, cost-benefit analysis and economic impact studies are often undertaken by various government entities to rank and prioritize spending in the hopes of maximizing fiscal efficiency and road usage benefits. Since most highway construction and maintenance expenditures are absorbed by state governments, it is mostly up to state policy makers to decide transportation priorities. Not much research to date has been conducted to evaluate the comparative efficiency of state road provision to commuters and shippers. Such research would be useful to a state government’s budgetary allocation, road planning...
Chicana/Latina Education in Everyday Life: Feminista Perspectives on Pedagogy and Epistemology. Dolores Delgado Bernal, C. Alejandra Elenes, Francisca E. Godinez, and Sofia Villenas (Eds.), New York: State University of New York Press, 2006, 292 pages, $28.98 (paperback)

Chicana/Latina Education in Everyday Life, edited by Dolores Delgado Bernal, C. Alejandra Elenes, Francisca E. Godinez, and Sofia Villenas, is a revolutionary text that bridges Chicana/Latina femin...
Rand PPM: A lowpower compressive sampling analog to digital converter

Analog-to-digital converters that digitize time information are known for their low power consumption. Coupling them with sampling techniques that take advantage of the signal compressibility leads to a further efficient data conversion. In this direction, we propose a new analog-to-digital converter, rand PPM, that employs compressive sampling techniques to efficiently sample at sub-Nyquist rates. The PPM (pulse-position-modulation) architecture uses a periodic ramp signal as reference and compares it with the analog input signal to eventually measure the ramp crossing times which determine the signal amplitudes. By appropriately introducing randomness into the reference ramp signal the PPM ADC architecture can be modified into a compressive sampling analog-to-digital converter. The sub-sampled signal is reconstructed using the developed algorithms tailored for practical hardware implementation. We have developed a theoretical analysis of the hardware system and reconstruction algorithm along with a suite of numerical experiments that support the theory.
Average-Case Communication-Optimal Parallel Parenthesis Matching

We provide the first non-trivial lower bound, p - 3/p ? n/p, where p is the number of the processors and n is the data size, on the average-case communication volume, ?, required to solve the parenthesis matching problem and present a parallel algorithm that takes linear (optimal) computation time and optimal expected message volume, ? + p.The kernel of the algorithm is to solve the all nearest smaller values problem. Provided n/p = ?(p), we present an algorithm that achieves optimal sequential computation time and uses only a constant number of communication phases, with the message volume in each phase bounded above by (n/p + p) in the worst case and p in the average case, assuming the input instances are uniformly distributed.
The energetic costs of stereotyped behavior in the paper wasp, Polistes dominulus.

Polistes wasps engage in many behavioral interactions. Although there has been debate over the meaning of these interactions, these stereotypical behaviors can be used to determine a colony’s linear dominance hierarchy. Due to the implicit relationship between behavioral and reproductive dominance, behavioral interactions are commonly used to distinguish the reproductively dominant alpha foundress from the beta foundress. It has been suggested that in order to maintain reproductive control, the alpha foundress is forced to remain at a physiologically constrained activity limit. This, in turn, may allow aggressive interactions to be used as determinants influencing reproductive partitioning between cooperating individuals. Energetic costs can place important limitations on behavior, but the energetic cost of the interactions has not previously been measured. To address this, we measured the CO2 production of 19 non-nestmate pairs displaying interactive and noninteractive behavior. The rate of energy used during interaction behavior was positively associated with published rankings of aggression. However, our results indicate that interactions are not very energetically costly in Polistes, particularly when compared to the likely cost of foraging. These data suggest that maintaining reproductive dominance is not very energetically expensive for the dominant and that the dominant foundress expends energy at a lower rate than the subordinate foundress.
In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio

Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Violating apartheid in the United States 2. A street history of El Barrio 3. Crackhouse management: addiction, discipline, and dignity 4. 'Goin' legit': disrespect and resistance at work 5. School days: learning to be a better criminal 6. Redefining gender on the street 7. Families and children in pain 8. Vulnerable fathers 9. Conclusion Epilogue.
The explosive pollination mechanism and mating system of the weedy Hyptis suaveolens (Lamiaceae).

The flower of the perennial shrubby herb, Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. is representative of an explosive pollination mechanism. The carinal structure formed by the middle lobe of corolla lower lip conceals the stamens and stigma and does not open following the natural anthesis. Upon anthesis, the carinal lobe is under tension which is later released by wind or bees. The violent explosion of the carinal lobe caused by wind results in self-pollination; by bees, it results in self- and cross-pollination. Foraging activity of some bees which collect pollen from the anthers and stigma on H. suaveolens may reduce the success of pollination. The mating system involves both autogamy and allogamy. Both require explosion of carinal lobe for pollination. The flexibility of the mating system is considered a safeguard ensuring its ruderal nature for weediness.
In-Situ Alumina/Aluminate Platelet Composites

Alumina composites containing in-situ-formed hexaluminate (LaAl11O18, LaMgAl11O19, SrAl12O19, and Mg2NaAl15O25) platelets can be pressureless-sintered to high density. The grain morphology of the aluminates can be controlled by composition. A peak toughness 50% higher than that of alumina is obtained at 30 vol% aluminates, with a modest reduction (10%) in hardness and Young's modulus. Although crack-bridging by aluminate platelets is apparently operating, the maximum toughness is intrinsically limited by the low cohesive strength of these layer compounds.
China as an Economic Power in the Contemporary Era of Globalization

China's rising profile in world economic affairs is beyond dispute. This article explores several ways to think about China's experience as a latecomer, offering a preliminary assessment of its development trajectory and the evolving nature of its foreign economic relations. In particular, the analysis rejects the view that China is emerging as the hub of a regional economic order in East Asia that is increasingly cohesive and independent vis-a-vis other regions of the world. Alternatively, the article highlights the promise of research that focuses on the role of Chinese economic activity within global commodity chains and how this particular form of cross-border integration affects interdependence among nation-states at multi-continental distances.
Total Dose and Transient Response of SiGe HBTs from a New 4th-Generation, 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology

The total ionizing dose and laser-induced transient response of a new 4th generation 90 nm IBM SiGe 9HP technology are investigated. Total dose testing was performed with 63.3 MeV protons at the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory at the University of California, Davis. Transient testing was performed on the two-photon absorption system at Naval Research Laboratory. Results show that the SiGe HBTs are dose-tolerant up to 3 Mrad(SiO2) and exhibit reduced single event transients compared to earlier SiGe generations.
Some of professor Tai's contributions to linear antenna theory

Professor Tai has made significant contributions to our understanding of the self impedance of a dipole (through his use of a variational technique) and the mutual impedance between dipoles (through his solution of coupled integral equations). These achievements have had impact not only on the design of dipole arrays but also on the design of waveguide-fed slot arrays, despite the disparity in methods of feeding.
Phosphotyrosine Signaling Analysis in Human Tumors Is Confounded by Systemic Ischemia-Driven Artifacts and Intra-Specimen Heterogeneity

Tumor protein phosphorylation analysis may provide insight into intracellular signaling networks underlying tumor behavior, revealing diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic information. Human tumors collected by The Cancer Genome Atlas program potentially offer the opportunity to characterize activated networks driving tumor progression, in parallel with the genetic and transcriptional landscape already documented for these tumors. However, a critical question is whether cellular signaling networks can be reliably analyzed in surgical specimens, where freezing delays and spatial sampling disparities may potentially obscure physiologic signaling. To quantify the extent of these effects, we analyzed the stability of phosphotyrosine (pTyr) sites in ovarian and colon tumors collected under conditions of controlled ischemia and in the context of defined intratumoral sampling. Cold-ischemia produced a rapid, unpredictable, and widespread impact on tumor pTyr networks within 5 minutes of resection, altering up to 50% of pTyr sites by more than 2-fold. Effects on adhesion and migration, inflammatory response, proliferation, and stress response pathways were recapitulated in both ovarian and colon tumors. In addition, sampling of spatially distinct colon tumor biopsies revealed pTyr differences as dramatic as those associated with ischemic times, despite uniform protein expression profiles. Moreover, intratumoral spatial heterogeneity and pTyr dynamic response to ischemia varied dramatically between tumors collected from different patients. Overall, these findings reveal unforeseen phosphorylation complexity, thereby increasing the difficulty of extracting physiologically relevant pTyr signaling networks from archived tissue specimens. In light of this data, prospective tumor pTyr analysis will require appropriate sampling and collection protocols to preserve in vivo signaling features.
Technique for repair of minimal distal balanitic hypospadias

Abstract Objectives Although not pernicious, minimal distal hypospadias is frequently obvious to parents, whose concern that their child be completely normal prompts their request for repair. A simple technique for the repair of this anomaly that results in an elliptical meatus is presented. Methods A total of 28 boys ranging in age from 3 to 100 months (mean 21.8) underwent a surgical technique in which the distal urethral plate was excised, followed by advancement of the meatus into the defect thus created. Only 5 boys (17.8%) underwent hypospadias repair as an isolated procedure. Other concomitantly repaired anomalies included hooded prepuce, phimosis, redundant prepuce after neonatal circumcision, ventral penile curvature, inguinal hernia, undescended testis, penile torsion, and meatal stenosis. Results All patients had healed well at a follow-up of 3 to 4 months (mean 3.2) and uniformly had an excellent cosmetic appearance with an elliptical meatus. Conclusions We recommend a technique for the repair of minimal distal hypospadias, consisting of excision of the distal urethral plate with advancement of the dorsal lip of the meatus into the created defect, for its simplicity and resultant elliptical meatus.
Magnet coil electrical gaskets of high compliance and ampacity

Coils employed in the magnets of the PHENIX Detector, presently under construction for RHIC (Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, are massive (weight /spl sim/8000 kG each). For that reason we subdivided them into a series of manageable subcoils that we will subsequently bolt together. Electrical terminals attached to the subcoils conductors are rigidly embedded and precisely located during vacuum impregnation. However, we anticipate some misalignment and nonuniform gaping to occur between terminals at assembly. We have elected to use electrical gaskets of high compliance and ampacity between the bolted terminals to enhance the current carrying capability of the electrical joints. This paper describes the material candidates selected, the tests performed, and the relative ranking of the materials tested.
Ubiquitous computing and the role of geometry

M. Weiser ( ) described ubiquitous computing as "invisible, everywhere computing that does not live on a personal device of any sort, but is in the woodwork everywhere". The EasyLiving project at Microsoft Research is focused on those aspects of ubiquitous computing that are relevant to smart environments, including work in distributed computing, geometric world modeling, computer vision and user interfaces. Though the need for research in distributed computing, perception and interfaces is widely recognized, the importance of an explicit geometric world model for ubiquitous computing has not been well-articulated. This article elucidates the role of geometry in ubiquitous computing, offering example scenarios that require or benefit greatly from geometric knowledge, and describing four primary benefits of a geometric model.
Yield Learning and Process Optimization on 65-nm CMOS Technology Accelerated by the Use of Short Flow Test Die

Short loop test flows have been commonly used in back-end-of-line (BEOL) interconnect process development to speed up learning rates and improve yields. This paper presents case studies on the expanded use of short loop test chips to the shallow trench isolation and gate and premetal dielectric/contact loops of a 65-nm process technology in addition to the BEOL. These test chips have been used to quickly identify and eliminate random and systematic defect mechanisms and generate a robust process flow, thus accelerating the rate of yield learning.
Rethinking civic education in the age of biotechnology

In this paper, I first examine the three justifications most often provided for differentiating, discounting, or even disclaiming the present generation's moral responsibility to future generations. I then discuss ideological critiques of, and educational solutions to, the complicity of formal educational institutions in propagating these justifications. Finally, I inquire into the ethical postulates by which prefigurative democratic civic and citizenship education could facilitate civic engagement in deliberating about intergenerational relations. I argue that, by challenging such hegemonic cultural values as atomistic individualism, contractual social relations, the pursuit of progress, and the sharp division between ethics and epistemology, prefigurative civic education serves as the first step toward egalitarian intergenerational relations.
Design Implications of Spatial Research

Several recent reviews of human spatial research attest to the marked growth of this area of inquiry (Altman, 1975; Baum & Epstein, 1978; Edney, 1974; Evans & Howard, 1973; Evans & Stokols, 1976; Sundstrom, 1978). While this research has increased our understanding of the role of physical space in human behavior, little effort has focused upon the problems of applying this research to the design and planning process itself. The aim of this chapter is to derive some design implications from pertinent human spatial research and to suggest some future research strategies to help bridge the gap between proxemic research and design (see Altman, 1975, Chapter 11, for a thoughtful discussion of the etiology of this gap).
Lyoprotectants modify and stabilize self-assembly of polymersomes

Abstract Polymersome formation in water was confirmed with average polymersome diameters of 237.2 ± 66.5 nm over 150 min. Empty polymersomes created by dissolving poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid) in water increased to 4.63 ± 0.01 times their size after lyophilization, showing lack of long-term stability. The use of lyoprotectants, mannitol and inulin, to maintain particle size distribution (PSD) was studied. The incorporation of both molecules was confirmed and showed no detrimental effects on PSD during formation. Differences in moisture content were found after lyophilization between samples incorporating inulin and mannitol. After lyophilization, PSD of polymersomes lyophilized with inulin was maintained. Polymersomes lyophilized with mannitol showed a significant decrease in diameter, a potential advantage for delivery of therapeutics. It was hypothesized that lyoprotectants replaced water, maintaining polymersome structure under stressful processing conditions. The ability to reconstitute polymersome drug delivery carriers without altering size distribution is paramount to the creation of effective and efficient drug delivery systems.
Kinetics of UV Irradiation Induced Chain Scission and Cross-Linking of Coumarin-Containing Polyester Ultrathin Films

Photoresponsive thin films are commonly encountered as high performance coatings as well as critical component, photoresists, for microelectronics manufacture. Despite intensive investigations into the dynamics of thin glassy polymer films, studies involving reactions of thin films have typically been limited by difficulties in decoupling segregation of reacting components or catalysts due to the interfaces. Here, thin films of coumarin polyesters overcome this limitation where the polyester undergoes predominately cross-linking upon irradiation at 350 nm, while chain scission occurs with exposure to 254 nm light. Spectroscopic ellipsometry is utilized to track these reactions as a function of exposure time to elucidate the associated reaction kinetics for films as thin as 15 nm. The cross-linking appears to follow a second order kinetic rate law, while oxidation of the coumarin that accompanies the chain scission and enables this reaction to be tracked spectroscopically appears to be a first order reacti...
Self-Adjusting Slot Configurations for Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Hadoop Clusters

The MapReduce framework and its open source implementation Hadoop have become the defacto platform for scalable analysis on large data sets in recent years. One of the primary concerns in Hadoop is how to minimize the completion length (i.e., makespan) of a set of MapReduce jobs. The current Hadoop only allows static slot configuration, i.e., fixed numbers of map slots and reduce slots throughout the lifetime of a cluster. However, we found that such a static configuration may lead to low system resource utilizations as well as long completion length. Motivated by this, we propose simple yet effective schemes which use slot ratio between map and reduce tasks as a tunable knob for reducing the makespan of a given set. By leveraging the workload information of recently completed jobs, our schemes dynamically allocates resources (or slots) to map and reduce tasks. We implemented the presented schemes in Hadoop V0.20.2 and evaluated them with representative MapReduce benchmarks at Amazon EC2. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of our schemes under both simple workloads and more complex mixed workloads.
Expectation of Life—Actual versus Predicted Trends

T HE New York Times forDecember31, 1925, carried a story with the headline "Life Mean in 2000 Set at 100 Years."' This item was followed up by a feature story in The New York Times of February 28, 1926, under the headline "The Expectation of Life of Babies Born in the Year 2000 Will Be Over 100 Years."2 The above stories in The New York Times referred to a paper which had been presented before a section of the American Sociological Society in New York on December 30, 1925. The abstract of that paper, as it appeared in the proceedings, was as follows:
Branding 101

In 2001, CHI featured an unusual panel session: Marketing people were actually invited to come to CHI to explain what they did and why it was important to the objectives of SIGCHI. Boyd de Groot, Peter Eikelboom, and Florian Egger organized the session in which I was privileged to participate. As they remarked about how extraordinary it was to have dedicated marketing professionals at CHI, especially in presenter roles, the comments being exchanged among CHI professionals gave me the feeling that I was in a "Dilbert" comic strip, listening to the amusing, outrageous jibes of those characters.
Sequential Therapy and Standard Triple Therapy for Eradication of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Children

Objective To comparatively analyze the clinical effectiveness of a 10-day sequential therapy consisting of omeprazole,clarithromycin,amoxicillin and metronidazole and standard triple therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection in children. Methods A total of 109 children diagnosed with Hp infection were randomly divided into three groups. In the 10-day sequential therapy group(n=37), children were given omeprazole 0.6-0.8 mg·kg-1, clarithromycin 15-30 mg·kg-1·d-1and metronidazole 25-30 mg·kg-1·d-1for 5 days after treatment with omeprazole 0.6-0.8 mg·kg-1and amoxicillin 50 mg·kg-1·d-1for 5 days.In the 10-day triple therapy group and 14-day triple therapy group, children were given omeprazole 0.6-0.8 mg·kg-1, clarithromycin 15-30 mg·kg-1·d-1and amoxicillin 50 mg·kg-1·d-1or metronidazole 25-30 mg·kg-1·d-1for 10 and 14 days, respectively. All drugs were taken twice daily(morning and evening).The Hp eradication rate was appraised by13C-UBT at least 4 weeks after completion of treatment. In addition, the curative effectiveness and adverse drug reactions(inappetence, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, headache, rash, etc.) were compared among the three groups. Results Among the 109 children, 7 patients(6.4%) were lost to follow-up, including 1 patient in 10-day sequential therapy group, 2 patients in 10-day triple therapy group and 4patients in 14-day triple therapy group. By tent-to-treat(ITT) and per-protocol(PP) analyses, Hp eradication rates in 10-day sequential therapy group were significantly higher than those in 10-day triple therapy group( χ2=5.408 and χ2=5.137, respectively; P0.05), but not significantly different from those in 14-day triple therapy group( χ2=2.510 and χ2=0.868, respectively; P 0.05). There were no significant differences in the total effective rate among the three groups( χ2=0.320, P0.05). No serious adverse reactions occurred in all children. Conclusion The 10-day sequential therapy is an effective and safe regimen for the treatment of Hp infection in children.
A Locate Method Improvement based on the Concept of Flexible Manufacturing

Compare with characteristics of the concept of flexible manufacturing system and the actual situation, a machine locate method is found to be less flexible and restricting the efficiency of production line. Aiming at the characteristics and properties of high flexible manufacturing system, to guide improving locate method and provide working direction with strong theoretical support. Finally the degree of the machine production of flexible is increased through the improvement of locate method, and compared with its status before, the stability is increased too.
Investigation on Foreign Language Talents Training Pattern in Service Outsourcing Industry Park in Daqing

This thesis concludes on the investigate of the situation about the requirement of Outsourcing Industrial Park,explores the Purpose,objects,results,meaning and application of this investigation.And gives out possibility of the study on persons needing in Service Outsourcing Industry,then illustrates the significant of this investigation.
Cancer care in the small hospital.

When physicians at Montrose decided to upgrade the magnitude and quality of the cancer program they formed a cancer committee, organized a tumor registry, and established a tumor board as a forum for discussion of each case among involved physicians, to encourage continuing follow-up and correlation of treatment. Additional ideas are also presented.
Plasma Levels of Growth Hormone and Insulin in Protein Malnourished vs Normal Growing Pigs in Response to Arginine or Glucose Infusion

SUMMARY Sixteen male Yorkshire growing pigs fitted with indwelling jugular catheters were used to measure effects of arginine (.5 g/kg -Ts body weight) infusion over a 30-min period or glucose (1 g/kg "Ts body weight) infusion over a 3-rain period on plasma growth hormone (GH), insulin, glucose and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. Arginine or glucose infusions were given following an overnight fast .and blood samples were obtained at 15-min intervals for 2 hr after the beginning of arginine or glucose infusion. An additional sample was taken 4 hr after the beginning of arginine infusion. There were four pigs in each of four dietary groups as follows: Group 1- control (C) pigs fed an adequate diet throughout postnatal life to 12 weeks of age, and from dams fed an adequate diet during gestation; Group 2 - pigs (deficient during gestation, DG) fed an adequate diet throughout postnatal life to 12 weeks of age, but from dams fed a diet containing .5% protein during gestation; Group
How to Evaluate Specific Opportunities

Medical school taught us about clinical syndromes so we could recognize them when afflicted patients walk in the door. The same working knowledge of medical practices can help you ask intelligent questions and evaluate and compare the practice opportunities you are considering.
Millennials and car ownership: Less money, fewer cars

Abstract Americans are driving less. The changes are most pronounced among Millennials, those born in the 1980s and 1990s. Much ink has been spilled debating whether these changes in travel behavior are due to changing preferences or economic circumstances. In this paper, we use eight waves of data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to examine recent changes in auto ownership among US families with a particular focus on Millennials. We find that today's young adults do own fewer cars than previous generations did when they were young. However, when we control for whether young adults have become economically independent from their parents, i.e. left the nest, we find that economically independent young adults own slightly more cars than we would expect, given their low incomes and wealth. We caution planners to temper their enthusiasm about “peak car,” as this may largely be a manifestation of economic factors that could reverse in coming years.
Large‐area spectrally encoded confocal endomicroscopy of the human esophagus in vivo

Background and objective Diagnosis of esophageal diseases is often hampered by sampling errors that are inherent in endoscopic biopsy, the standard of care. Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) is a high-speed reflectance confocal endomicroscopy technology that has the potential to visualize cellular features from large regions of the esophagus, greatly decreasing the likelihood of sampling error. In this paper, we report results from a pilot clinical study imaging the human esophagus in vivo with a prototype SECM endoscopic probe. Materials and methods In this pilot clinical study, six patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for surveillance of Barrett's esophagus (BE) were imaged with the SECM endoscopic probe. The device had a diameter of 7 mm, a length of 2 m, and a rapid-exchange guide wire provision for esophageal placement. During EGD, the distal portion of the esophagus of each patient was sprayed with 2.5% acetic acid to enhance nuclear contrast. The SECM endoscopic probe was then introduced over the guide wire to the distal esophagus and large-area confocal images were obtained by helically scanning the optics within the SECM probe. Results Large area confocal images of the distal esophagus (image length = 4.3-10 cm; image width = 2.2 cm) were rapidly acquired at a rate of ∼9 mm2 /second, resulting in short procedural times (1.8-4 minutes). SECM enabled the visualization of clinically relevant architectural and cellular features of the proximal stomach and normal and diseased esophagus, including squamous cell nuclei, BE glands, and goblet cells. Conclusions This study demonstrates that comprehensive spectrally encoded confocal endomicroscopy is feasible and can be used to visualize architectural and cellular microscopic features from large segments of the distal esophagus at the gastroesophageal junction. By providing microscopic images that are less subject to sampling error, this technology may find utility in guiding biopsy and planning and assessing endoscopic therapy. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:233-239, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Partisan audience polarization: Beyond selective exposure

The proliferation of available media outlets provides unprecedented access to specialized content. This dynamic media environment facilitates the emergence of partisan selective exposure at the ind...
Trapped Between a Rock and a Hard Place

This Paper discusses the differing opinions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York and of the High Court of Justice in London with respect to whether "Flip Clauses" are enforceable in the bankruptcy/insolvency context.
Cooperative models for synchronization, scheduling and transmission in large scale sensor networks: an overview

What is the difference between classical remote sensing and sensor networks? What kind of data models that one can assume in the context of sensor networks? Can the sensors in the network concurrently contribute to the sensing objective, without creating network conflicts? It is becoming apparent that methodologies designed to resolve network resource allocation conflicts in the communications among open systems have several bottlenecks when applied to sustain networking among concurrent sensing nodes. Can we structure the network activities so that they are always directly beneficial to the sensing task? The goal of this paper is to articulate these questions and indicate how some resource allocation conflicts can be removed embracing collaborative networking approaches among the sensors.
Harmful Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Sex Expectancies as Predictors of Risky Sex Among African American Female College Drinkers

African American college women are experiencing sex-related negative consequences at alarming rates. Alcohol use and alcohol-related sex expectancies are predictors of risky sexual behavior among c...
An experimental weight function for stress-intensity-factor calibrations

This paper describes a set of experiments conducted to demonstrate application of weight-function methods to experimental stress-intensity-factor calibrations. The weight-function method allows stress-intensity-factor and crack-surface-displacement information obtained for one loading to be generalized in a form which allows direct computation of stress-intensity factors for other load configurations applied to the crack geometry under consideration. The specific results described here demonstrate that experiments with edgecracked strips loaded in four-point bending also provide stress-intensity factors for remote lension and three-point bend-load applications.