cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ORGAN SPECIFICITY OF TISSUES OF THE DOG AND MAN AS SHOWN BY PASSIVE ANAPHYLAXIS IN GUINEA PIGS

The immunization of rabbits for periods of 6 to 8 weeks with sedimented, heat-killed vaccines of Pasteurella boviseptica grown in infusion broths made from six different tissues of the dog and seven tissues of man, caused the production of sera containing antibodies for the broths as well as for the bacteria. The broth made from human fibromyoma of the uterus was the least antigenic of all, as indicated by passive anaphylactic tests in guinea pigs. When these animals were prepared by intraabdominal injection with the rabbit antisera and tested 48 hours later by intravenous injection with autoclaved aqueous extracts of a large number of organs of the dog and man, the guinea pigs were found to be passively sensitized so that severe or fatal anaphylaxis was generally obtained with broths made from the homologous organ and in some instances with those prepared from heterologous organs of the same species. In most instances, the injection of broths from heterologous tissues did not desensitize to later injections of that from the homologous tissue. The most organ-specific antisera were those for striated muscle, small intestine (ileum), kidney, placenta, and fibromyoma, and the least so those for whole blood, liver, and lung. The cross-reactions of the antiserum for blood were mostly with extracts of tissues which normally contain large amounts of blood. The presence of Forssman antigen in the tissues of the dog did not interfere with the demonstration of organ specificity by the methods used. In general, the results indicate that the various tissues of man and the dog contain thermostable, water-soluble, organ-specific substances which can be demonstrated by passive anaphylaxis in guinea pigs. The chemical nature of these substances has not been definitely determined, although there are some indications that they are protein split-products, probably proteoses.
Radiation and cataracts: cause or cure?

David Glendinning Cogan, MD, founded the American Ophthalmic History Society to encourage the study of ophthalmic history. This society met for the first time on March 18 and 19, 1988, at the National Library of Medicine. Cogan hosted an annual gathering until his death in 1993, and the group has continued as the Cogan Ophthalmic History Society. Twenty-five members and 13 guests attended the 1999 meeting in Montreal, Quebec.
A Theoretical Study of Free and Fe(CO)4-Complexed Borylenes (Boranediyls) and Heavier Congeners: The Nature of the Iron-Group 13 Element Bonding

The singlet and lowest-lying triplet states of the univalent group 13 ligands MeM, (η5-C5H5)M, (η5-C5Me5)M, and (H3Si)2NM (M = B, Al, Ga, In) have been investigated by DFT methods. Each ligand possesses a singlet ground state. Four models were considered for the interaction of these ligands with the Fe(CO)4 fragment: a purely M → Fe σ-bonded model (A) supplemented by one back-bonding interaction from Fe to M (B), or a M → Fe σ-bonded model supplemented by two back-bonding interactions from Fe to M (C), and a MFe double-bonded model (D). In general, the DFT calculations indicated that the RM ligands behave as two-electron donors (i.e. bonding model A). The RM ligands with non π-bonding substitutents, R, were found to have some π-acceptor capability that would be appropriate for iron → ligand back-bonding. However, evidence for such an interaction was only found in the case of MeBFe(CO)4.
Evolution of the Shape and Size of Ingaas Selforganized Quantum Dots

We have found a shape transformation of InGaAs quantum dots formed via a fractional monolayer deposition technique on GaAs (001) surfaces. This is evidenced by the bimodal quantum dot height (peaked at 8.5 nm and 14.5 nm) and aspect ratio (peaked at 0.18 and 0.26) distributions. The lateral size, height, and aspect ratio all become convergent, suggesting a simultaneous quantum dot size equalization and shape stabilization. Photoluminescence peaks red shift as a consequence of dot growth, and their line-widths become smaller due to dot shape stabilization and size equalization. A record low inhomogeneous broadening of 18.4 meV at a wavelength of 1180 nm (4 K) is obtained for vertically-aligned, shape-stabilized, and size-equalized InGaAs dots.
Introduction to the ISOLDE X Special Issue

This special issue of the International Regional Science Review represents a collection of papers presented at the International Symposium on Locational Decisions (ISOLDE) XII held in Nagoya and Kyoto, Japan, in the summer of 2012. This was a remarkable event for a number of reasons. Tragic circumstances following the 2011 earthquake and subsequent tsunami lead to widespread death, flooding, and destruction in Japan, including damage to several nuclear reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi plant that impacted a substantial area in and around the energy generation site. The scope of the disaster meant that the originally scheduled conference for June 2011 had to be postponed. Fortunately, a year later, the conference was able to proceed with attendance of participants both within and outside of Japan. ISOLDE generally occurs every three years, with representation by researchers and practitioners specializing in mathematics, engineering, economics, geography, management science, operations research, business, and regional science, among others, to discuss and explore advances in location analysis involving application, model building, and theory. The first ISOLDE meeting was held in 1978 in Banff, Canada, and subsequent meetings have spanned the globe since then, with meetings held in Denmark, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Spain, and the United States. Publication of this special issue comes just before the next ISOLDE to be held in Italy later this year (http://www.isolde2014.org/). The symposium in Japan witnessed approximately fifty academic papers presented over five days as a single stream of talks to an audience of about sixty participants. As has always been the case, intellectual stimulation, interaction, and discourse was engaging and the symposium was a success on many fronts.
Making the case for differentiation of registered nurse practice: Historical perspectives meet contemporary efforts

In recent years, the nursing profession in the United States (U.S.) has made new efforts to advance the education of registered nurses (RNs) who provide direct patient care to the baccalaureate degree in nursing (BSN). This renewed focus is partially due to current research noting that an RN’s education is positively correlated with improved patient outcomes. In spite of the research and efforts, multiple educational pathways for entry into RN practice continue to thrive throughout the U.S. and around the globe. The purposes of this paper are to present three historical cases describing the original intent of the graduates’ differentiated practice role for entry-level RN educational pathways in America and evaluate the current efforts to advance the education of RNs within the U.S. for practice differentiation by education. Lack of practice differentiation among differently prepared RNs has persisted in America for more than a century and until recently hospitals often disregarded the RN’s education when hiring direct care nurses. Lack of practice differentiation by education has affected the quality of nursing care as shown by the recent research. The current efforts to advance the education of the RN do not differentiate the practice of the differently prepared RNs. The present context provides the nursing profession an opportunity to differentiate RN practice based on education. Thus, the clinical ladder program is proposed as a model to initiate differentiated RN practice at the institutional level. Clinical ladder programs can be revised to meet the needs of the individual regions around the globe.
A note on the supplementation of low-protein, maize-soya-bean meal diets with lysine, tryptophan, threonine and methionine for growing pigs

An experiment conducted at two experimental stations was designed to identify the limiting amino acids in maize-soya-bean meal diets with 120 g crude protein per kg given ad libitum to pigs from 20 to 40 kg body weight. The effects of additions of tryptophan and of tryptophan plus threonine in both the presence and absence of added methionine were studied. The responses to supplemental amino acids were not significantly different at the two stations (P > 0·10). The addition of tryptophan tended to improve growth rate. However, significant improvements in rate and efficiency of gain were not realized until both tryptophan and threonine were added (P < 0·05). Interactive effects between supplemental amino acids on pig performance were not detected. Thus, the maize-soya-bean meal diet with 120 g crude protein per kg and given ad libitum to 20-kg pigs appeared to be limiting in lysine, tryptophan, threonine and possibly methionine.
Does Providing Care for Uninsured Patients Decrease Emergency Room Visits and Hospitalizations

Background: Access to primary care could reduce use of more costly health care by uninsured individuals through prevention and early treatment. We analyzed data from a program providing free primar...
Characterization and modeling of silicon carbide power devices and paralleling operation

This paper presents recent research on several silicon carbide (SiC) power devices. The devices have been tested for both static and dynamic characteristics, which show the advantages over their Si counterparts. The temperature dependency of these characteristics has also been presented in this paper. Then, simulation work of paralleling operation of SiC power MOSFETs based on a verified device model in Pspice is presented to show the impact of parasitics in the circuit on the switching performance.
Comparison of some random-barrier, continuous-time random-walk, and other models for the analysis of wide-range frequency response of ion-conducting materials.

Several theoretical models are fitted to an exact wide-frequency-range data set representing a new randomfree-energy, effective-medium expression for mobile-ion response at low temperatures. A continuous-time, random-walk K1 model, indirectly involving a stretched-exponential temporal correlation function, led to the best fit, much superior to those of two dielectric-dispersion models as well. Two types of approaches are compared for analyzing 0.4Ca(NO3)2 ·0.6KNO3 (CKN) experimental data covering a very wide frequency range: a simplified conventional approach, usually involving only some or all of the real part of conductivity, denoted type 1, and an approach involving nonlinear least-squares fitting of full complex data over its entire range, denoted type 2. The type-2 analysis uses a composite fitting model involving the K1 and involves 10 free parameters needed to well represent electrode polarization, conductive-system dispersion, nearly constant loss, and limiting far-infrared vibrational effects. It confirmed that the latter were purely dielectric and led to σ′′ and e′′ boson peaks; included a mobile-charge explanation of the nearly constant loss region; and yielded reasonable values of the K1-model fractional exponent, � 1, and plausible values of a completely blocking double-layer capacitance. The good type-2 fit parameter estimates were used to generate extrapolated model response over a 20-decade range at complex conductivity and complex relative permittivity levels, as well as their accurate slopes over that range. The maximum slope of the log-log σ′ curve failed to approximate well the value of 2 usually inferred from data of the present type but instead led to a novel double peak with peak slope values of about 1.6 and 1.7 before decreasing to zero at the limiting far-infrared plateau region of σ′ response. Nearly constant loss was found to be well described by the series combination of the bulk highfrequency-limiting dielectric constant of the material and a translational ionic-motion constant-phase-element expression, one whose inclusion was also needed for representing low-frequency electrode polarization effects. Further, this combination should dominate the full response at sufficiently low temperatures.
Alternatate methods for generating and analyzing the output series of frequency domain experiments

In this paper we compare two different methods of spectral estimates for Frequency Domain Experiments and present some performance data for execution on a SUN 3/50 workstation. We also suggest an alternative method for generating the output series by replication and demonstrate that at least for some cases this is more efficient than using a single run of longer length.
John Wild, phenomenology in America, and the origins of SPEP

In preparing for this occasion, I thought that one of the best references that I could consult would be Volume XXVI of Analecta Husserliana, a special issue published in 1989 and devoted to the theme ‘‘American Phenomenology: Origins and Developments,’’ which was co-edited by Eugene Kaelin and, yes, Calvin Schrag. Under the heading ‘‘Founders,’’ the section that constitutes the first third of this volume, they had invited articles concerning Marvin Farber, Fritz Kaufmann, Moritz Geiger, and Alfred Schutz, plus a single essay by Lester Embree on both Dorion Cairns and Aron Gurwitsch and two essays on John Wild, one by James Edie and one by myself. I felt quite honored at the time. The late James Edie, whom I had by then come to know quite well, had chaired the Philosophy Department at Northwestern during what was perhaps the time of its greatest growth as a center for Continental European philosophy following John Wild’s unexpected departure for Yale just 2 years after his arrival in Evanston in the fall of 1961. Despite the comparative brevity of their time spent working together as colleagues, I had always regarded the two of them, and still do regard them, as close associates sharing many common philosophical goals despite their very disparate personalities. It was midway through that 2-year period that, with the indispensable help of Robert Scharff and other graduate students, Northwestern played host to the first meeting of SPEP, in the fall of 1962. By the time the next year’s meeting, also at Northwestern, took place, John Wild was already ensconced in New Haven. I was not present at the first meeting nor, if memory serves me, at the second one either. But the third one, in fall 1964, was held at Yale, and I had by then successfully defended my thesis 4 months earlier and was in my first year as a full-time Yale faculty member. It was at a break between sessions during that SPEP meeting that John Wild introduced me to Jim Edie, and Jim and I immediately began arguing over whether Merleau-Ponty’s two principal works on politics, Humanism and Terror and The Adventures of
Insights into the finer issues of native chemical ligation: an approach to cascade ligations.

An efficient and broadly useful two-step ligation protocol is developed. Important mechanistic issues of ligation were probed from diastereomeric competition studies on the formation of the ligation products. We also report an instance of kinetically controlled ligation through the exploitation of selectivity differences between related N-termini. This study potentially provides a valuable approach to facilitate polypeptide synthesis by minimizing protecting group manipulations and intermediate isolations..
Bridge Piers with Structural Fuses and Bi-Steel Columns. I: Experimental Testing

Structural fuses, easily replaceable sacrificial elements to dissipate seismic energy while preventing damage to the gravity load-resisting structural system, are proposed as part of a multicolumn accelerated bridge construction (ABC) pier concept. Different types of structural fuses are investigated to compare the effect of each on ABC bridge bents. The piers of a three span-continuous bridge prototypes having two twin-column pier bents were designed using double-composite rectangular columns and structural fuses. Two corresponding 2/3-scale models were developed and were subjected to cyclic quasi-static tests. For the first specimen, steel-plate shear links (SPSLs) were installed between the columns as a series of structural fuses. Testing was performed, first up to a drift corresponding to the onset of columns yielding to investigate the effectiveness of adding the fuses in dissipating the seismic energy, then up to failure of the composite columns. The second tested specimen has buckling restrained braces (BRBs) as a series of structural fuses between the columns. The BRBs were then removed, and a cyclic test of the composite bent continued until failure of the columns. Both specimens exhibited stable hysteretic behavior, with the structural fuses also increasing stiffness and strength of the bent. Individual testing results for the SPSLs with various geometries and boundary conditions are then presented.
An Augmented Reality based Simulation of Obstetric Forceps Delivery

During the process of human childbirth, obstetric forceps delivery is a justified alternative to Caesarean section when vaginal delivery proves difficult or impossible. Currently, training of forceps interventions is done on a real case due to the lack of realistic dummy models. This paper presents a basic augmented reality implementation of a forceps delivery which provides a platform for both training of forceps placement and manipulation for junior obstetricians as well as the assessment of any mechanical effects these actions may have on the fetus, and the fetal head and skull in particular.
Epitaxial overgrowth of platinum on palladium nanocrystals

This paper describes a systematic study on the epitaxial overgrowth of Pt on well-defined Pd nanocrystals with different shapes (and exposed facets), including regular octahedrons, truncated octahedrons, and cubes. Two different reducing agents, i.e., citric acid and L-ascorbic acid, were evaluated and compared for the reduction of K2PtCl4 in an aqueous solution in the presence of Pd nanocrystal seeds. When citric acid was used as a reducing agent, conformal overgrowth of octahedral Pt shells on regular and truncated octahedrons of Pd led to the formation of Pd-Pt core-shell octahedrons, while non-conformal overgrowth of Pt on cubic Pd seeds resulted in the formation of an incomplete octahedral Pt shell. On the contrary, localized overgrowth of Pt branches was observed when L-ascorbic acid was used as a reducing agent regardless of the facets expressed on the surface of Pd nanocrystal seeds. This work shows that both the binding affinity of a reducing agent to the Pt surface and the reduction kinetics for a Pt precursor play important roles in determining the mode of Pt overgrowth on Pd nanocrystal surface.
Teleradiology in a military training area

A pilot teleradiology project was established for the medical service providers at the Pohakuloa Training Area (PTA) in Hawaii. It connected them with radiologists at Tripler Army Medical Center (TAMC) on the island of Oahu, approximately 400 km away. This involved changing the standard practice of sending soldiers from the PTA to a civilian hospital in Hilo for radiographs. These emergency trips to Hilo, 55 km away, were expensive, manpower intensive, and dangerous due to road and weather conditions. During 51 days of a training exercise involving 2600 personnel, 29 evacuations were avoided, which would have cost $36,569 in total. The expected savings during one year of training were $176,540. The cost of teleradiology during the first year, including the cost of the equipment, was $167,203. Over five years, the costs and savings were estimated to be $349,940 and $882,700, respectively.
Extracting guidance from extraction data.

Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) provide life-saving therapy for selected patients at increased risk of sudden cardiac death. In the 3 decades since the first human implant, millions of patients have undergone ICD implantation, and innumerable lives have been saved. Critical to the
IntroducciÃ³n de Fricciones en el Mercado Laboral en Modelos DSGE

Este trabajo revisa las principales formas que existen en la literatura para modelar las friccionesen el mercado laboral en el contexto de los modelos de equilibrio general dinAimico y estocAistico. Secubre en detalle el modelo de bAosqueda de Mortensen y Pissarides (1994) y posibles ampliacioneshacia rigideces a la negociaciA³n y rigideces reales sobre el mercado laboral. TambiA©n se presentanmA©todos para incorporar el margen de participaciA³n de los hogares y dos modelos alternos de desempleoen equilibrio, Blanchard y Gali (2010) y GalA­ (2011a). Los principales consensos presentesen la literatura giran en torno a la incapacidad de mejorar el ajuste de los modelos con la sA³lapresencia de fricciones en el mercado laboral y la necesidad de incluir rigideces nominales sobre lanegociaciA³n.
Contribution of prostaglandins to exercise-induced vasodilation in humans

It has been postulated that endothelial release of prostaglandins contributes to exercise-induced vasodilation of skeletal muscle arterioles. To test this hypothesis, 12 normal subjects underwent brachial arterial and venous catheter insertion and instrumentation of their forearm to measure plethysmographic forearm blood flow. Forearm blood flow and arterial and venous 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF1 alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were then measured during two levels of wrist flexion exercise (0.2 and 0.4 W). In nine of the subjects, exercise was repeated after intra-arterial infusion of indomethacin (0.3 mg/100 ml forearm vol). Exercise increased forearm blood flow (2.0 +/- 0.2 to 12.1 +/- 1.1 ml.min-1.100 ml-1) and forearm release of PGF1 alpha (162 +/- 28 to 766 +/- 193 pg.min-1.100 ml-1) and PGE2 (26 +/- 6 to 125 +/- 46 pg.min-1.100 ml-1) (all P < 0.05). Indomethacin virtually abolished forearm prostaglandin release and reduced forearm blood flow at rest (2.2 +/- 0.2 to 1.7 +/- 0.2 ml.min-1.100 ml-1), at 0.2 W (6.3 +/- 0.7 to 5.4 +/- 0.7 ml.min-1.100 ml-1), and at 0.4 W (12.2 +/- 1.5 to 10.3 +/- 1.3 ml.min-1.100 ml-1) (all P < 0.02). These data suggest that release of vasodilatory prostaglandins contributes to exercise-induced arteriolar vasodilation and hyperemia in skeletal muscle.
Le Liban : un modèle pour l'édition francophone en Afrique

In Africa, most books by African writers in French appear in the context of local African Francophone markets, rather than at a continental level. With globalization, there are now better tools to analyze these markets in terms of other markets located on other continents and contexts. This article, drawing on editorial experiences both in Lebanon and the United States as well as a study of three West African markets, will examine how successful practices in the Lebanese context and market have provided solutions adaptable to Francophone Africa, for example Senegal, Ivory Coast and Cameroon, where, in fact, some of these solutions have been implemented. The following issues will be reviewed: partnerships between local publishing companies and foreign publishers, newspapers, magazines and French-language Internet sites; sponsorship and the conditions for its success; the sharing of rights (for example, according to geographical areas); loans to help publishing companies as well as strategies for republishing culturally important works. In Lebanon, Patrimoine, a Dar An-Nahar collection characterized by an original editorial line, has helped define a cultural project which has allowed the development of local strategies of legitimation, the return of some writers to Lebanon, and the resurgence of new forms of literary renationalization and relocation.
Photoreceptor proliferation and dysregulation of cell cycle genes in early onset inherited retinal degenerations.

Mitotic terminally differentiated photoreceptors (PRs) are observed in early retinal degeneration (erd), an inherited canine retinal disease driven by mutations in the NDR kinase STK38L (NDR2). We demonstrate that a similar proliferative response, but of lower magnitude, occurs in two other early onset disease models, X-linked progressive retinal atrophy 2 (xlpra2) and rod cone dysplasia 1 (rcd1). Proliferating cells are rod PRs, and not microglia or Muller cells. Expression of the cell cycle related genes RB1 and E2F1 as well as CDK2,4,6 was up-regulated, but changes were mutation-specific. Changes in cyclin expression differed across all genes, diseases and time points analyzed, although CCNA1 and CCNE1 expression increased with age in the three models suggesting that there is a dysregulation of cell cycle gene expression in all three diseases. Unique to erd, however, are mutation-specific changes in the expression of NDR kinases and Hippo signaling members with increased expression of MOB1 and LATS1 in the newly generated hybrid rod/S-cones. Our data raise the intriguing possibility that terminally differentiated normal PRs are kept from dividing by NDR2-MOB1 interaction. Furthermore, they provide the framework for the selection of candidate genes for further investigation as potential targets of therapy.
Direct Neutron Capture in Co 59 ( n , γ ) Co 60

The variation in intensity of 40 individual $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays produced by neutron capture in cobalt was observed for neutron energies less than 1500 eV. The observed variations were consistent with the existence of a direct component in the radiative capture reaction mechanism. A direct-capture cross section of 9.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.4 mb at 1-eV neutron energy was deduced for the 7.492-MeV ground-state transition.
Minimal residual disease in childhood B-lineage lymphoblastic leukemia. Persistence of leukemic cells during the first 18 months of treatment.

Abstract Background. Whether patients in clinical remission for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) continue to harbor leukemic cells is not known, because methods of detecting residual malignant cells have not been sufficiently sensitive. This information might be useful for predicting recurrence and determining the duration of therapy. Methods. Using a sensitive new method — identifying complementarity-determining region III sequences with the polymerase chain reaction — we estimated the number of residual leukemic cells in the bone marrow of eight children with B-lineage lymphoblastic leukemia before and after remission. Results. Induction chemotherapy produced a 3-to-4-log reduction in the number of leukemic cells. In all samples obtained up to 18 months after diagnosis, however, 0.004 to 2.6 percent of bone marrow nucleated cells were residual leukemic cells. Among the four patients studied more than 18 months after diagnosis, three had no detectable leukemic cells in marrow samples. Despite this, one...
Dual Current-loop Control Strategy for Converter of Directly-driven Wind Generation under Unbalanced Grid Conditions

An electromagnetic transient model for network-side convertor of directly-driven wind generation under unbalanced grid condition is derived. Based on the assumption of no fluctuation of the output active-power,a dual current-loop control strategy is proposed,the steady-state characteristic of DC voltage under this strategy is analyzed and the optional feed-forward controller is designed. Two methods are used to calculate the dq voltages and currents under the frame of positive and negative sequence rotary coordinate system. One is to transfer the AC components to positive and negative sequence components and then delete the 100 Hz ripples,and the other is to calculate out their instantaneous value. The simulation results indicate that the proposed control strategy could effectively reduce the 100 Hz ripples in the output active power and the instantaneous rise of DC voltage and it does not bring ripples to AC voltages and currents.
Branched-chain fatty acid content of foods and estimated intake in the USA

Branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA) are bioactive food components that constitute about 2 % of fatty acids in cows' milk fat. There are few systematic data available on the BCFA content of other foods to estimate dietary intakes. In the present study, we report BCFA distribution and content of fresh and processed foods representing the major foods in the American diet and estimate BCFA intake. BCFA are primarily components of dairy and ruminant food products, and are absent from chicken, pork and salmon. The mean BCFA intake of 500 mg/d was delivered primarily from dairy and beef food products; by comparison, average intake of the widely studied long-chain PUFA EPA and DHA has been estimated to be 100 mg/d. Common adjustments in the diet could double the daily intake of BCFA. The fermented foods sauerkraut and miso had appreciable fractions of BCFA, but, overall, they are low-fat foods providing very small amounts of BCFA in the diet, and other fermented foods did not contain BCFA as might have been expected from the influence of microbial exposure. These data support the quantitative importance of BCFA delivered primarily from dairy and beef food products and highlight the need for research into their effects on health.
A Smart-Home System to Unobtrusively and Continuously Assess Loneliness in Older Adults

Loneliness is a common condition in older adults and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, decreased sleep quality, and increased risk of cognitive decline. Assessing loneliness in older adults is challenging due to the negative desirability biases associated with being lonely. Thus, it is necessary to develop more objective techniques to assess loneliness in older adults. In this paper, we describe a system to measure loneliness by assessing in-home behavior using wireless motion and contact sensors, phone monitors, and computer software as well as algorithms developed to assess key behaviors of interest. We then present results showing the accuracy of the system in detecting loneliness in a longitudinal study of 16 older adults who agreed to have the sensor platform installed in their own homes for up to 8 months. We show that loneliness is significantly associated with both time out-of-home ( $ {\beta } = -0.88$ and $p ) and number of computer sessions ( $ {\beta } = 0.78$ and $p ). $R^{2}$ for the model was 0.35. We also show the model’s ability to predict out-of-sample loneliness, demonstrating that the correlation between true loneliness and predicted out-of-sample loneliness is 0.48. When compared with the University of California at Los Angeles loneliness score, the normalized mean absolute error of the predicted loneliness scores was 0.81 and the normalized root mean squared error was 0.91. These results represent first steps toward an unobtrusive, objective method for the prediction of loneliness among older adults, and mark the first time multiple objective behavioral measures that have been related to this key health outcome.
Red Clover Seed Production

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is an important forage legume grown in North America and Europe. A primary region for world seed production is western Oregon, USA. Stand decline in Oregon seed fields can occur from root rot disease, caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. Increasing soil pH by lime application has been shown to reduce the incidence of Fusarium-caused diseases in numerous other crops. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect and economics of soil pH on red clover seed production and root health. Lime was applied (0, 5.6, and 11.2 Mg ha(-1)) in autumn 1993 near Corvallis, OR. The effects of normal and delayed spring herbage removal, and first and second-year seed crop age (1994 and 1995) were also examined. Soil pH in May 1996 after planting a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation crop in the three lime treatments was 5.6, 6.1, and 6.4, respectively. Clover plants in the untreated control were generally chlorotic and shorter than plants in the two lime treatments before herbage removal in spring 1994. First-year seed yields were greater with than without lime, but second year yields were unaffected. Soil pH did not affect clover phytomass after herbage removal in either year, and did not affect straw and grain yields of a wheat rotation crop. Soil pH was correlated with clover root diameter (r = 0.54; P less than or equal to 0.01), and unlike other crops, was correlated with fusarium root rot severity (r = 0.69; P less than or equal to 0.001). Within the range of soil pH values examined, and for the combined 2 yr of production, neither lime treatment produced a more economical seed yield than the untreated control. For the range of soil pH conditions, without improved root health, and in the absence of any affect on rotation crop yield, lime application cannot be justified solely for the benefit of red clover seed production.
The Ocean Circulation Inverse Problem: The Time-Dependent Inverse Problem

The discussion so far has treated the ocean circulation as though it were steady-apart from concerns about aliasing from components regarded mainly as noise. But one does not really expect a fluid system as complex as the coupled ocean and atmosphere, driven externally by the sun, to remain steady. Indeed, if there were certain elements, describable as a finite band of frequencies and/or wavenumbers, which were truly steady, it would be both a remarkable phenomenon and a very powerful theoretical tool. For this would be a statement that a spectral gap existed, permitting the separation of the flow field into different dynamical regimes, as sometimes assumed in turbulence theories (e.g., Monin & Yaglom, 1975). Treatment of the ocean circulation as though it were time invariant carries the weight of history and tradition, and there is no doubt that a great deal has been learned about the ocean this way. But as oceanographers become more quantitative in their description of the circulation, it must be recognized that the steadiness assumption has been a consequence of necessity dictated by the paucity of data and intellectual inertia rather than a defensible deduction from fluid dynamics. One must question whether a steady, laminar flow field (as in Figures 2–7, 2–29) could conceivably depict the physics of a fluid that is turbulent in the sense suggested by Figure 1–1.
Remodeling of Mitochondria in Apoptosis

This chapter addresses the cellular remodeling that occurs in apoptosis with a focus on the structural changes to mitochondria, which sit in the center of the apoptotic pathway. Accumulating evidence points to the intricate timing and complex interplay of six events involved with the complete release of cytochrome c, called the execution phase or “point of no return” of apoptosis: (1) the activation of specific signaling pathways converging on mitochondria, (2) the arrival and interplay of DRP1, tBID, BAX and BAK at the mitochondrial outer membrane, (3) ER-actin filament-mitochondria association leading to mitochondrial fission remodeling, (4) the opening of crista junctions triggered by disassembly of OPA1 oligomers, (5) the dissolution of the cardiolipin–cytochrome c association leading to passage of cytochrome c from the intracristal space to the intermembrane space, and (6) the formation of mitochondrial outer membrane pores for the relatively rapid and complete release of cytochrome c from the intermembrane space to the cytosol. Each of these six events is a checkpoint for strategies that would enhance or impede apoptotic progression.
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis with obstruction: Immunological studies of seven patients

We studied 7 patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis presenting with obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. Five had required surgical treatment for relief of obstructive symptoms or because of diagnostic uncertainty. Immunological studies, including serum immunoglobulins, serum complement, lymphocyte quantitation, and lymphocyte response to nonspecific mitogens revealed no striking abnormalities. None was clinically allergic or food sensitive, and serum IgE was normal in all. A review of the literature since 1970 suggests that the obstructive form of eosinophilic gastroenteritis accounts for about half of the reported cases. Allergy, especially hypersensitivity to food, is not required for the diagnosis.
Investigating Plasmonic Structure-Dependent Light Amplification and Electronic Dynamics Using Advances in Nonlinear Optical Microscopy

Our group has made several recent advances using single-particle nonlinear optical (NLO) microscopy techniques to examine nanostructure-specific plasmon-mediated interactions with electromagnetic energy. These efforts are directed toward the larger goal of optimizing the structure of photonic nanoparticle assemblies for the use and control of energy at the nanoscale. By combining statistical localization methods with second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging, nonlinear signal hot spots can be located within a plasmonic network with nanometer spatial accuracy. This experimental capability was applied to study electromagnetic lensing effects in plasmonic nanoparticle assemblies, with the efficiency of cascaded energy transfer through the network being determined by the resonantly excited plasmon mode. The polarization and time dependencies of the NLO signals were examined using a sequence of phase-locked broad bandwidth femtosecond laser pulses. The methodologies for generating, characterizing, and incorpora...
Coleoptera (Beetles) in Aquatic Ecosystems

About 12 000 species of beetles in more than 40 different families are known to inhabit lakes, streams, and wetlands worldwide. Several additional families of beetles have species that feed strictly on aquatic plants or live along rocky intertidal coasts. Beetles have invaded aquatic habitats many times over their history, as evidenced by the wide variety of adaptations and life cycles. The more primitive suborders Myxophaga and Adephaga are largely aquatic in egg, larval, and adult stages with only the pupae remaining ‘terrestrial.’ Many of the Myxophaga feed on blue-green algae, while Adephaga (e.g., Dytiscidae and Gyrinidae) are primarily predators. The suborder Polyphaga contains the majority of the beetle families. Polyphaga feeding habits range from predators (Hydrophilidae), to grazers on algae and bacteria (Elmidae), to macrophyte feeders (Curculionidae). Some taxa may be long-lived as both adults and larvae (years for Elmidae), have long-lived adults with larvae present only a few weeks (Hydrophilidae), or have long-lived larvae with adults present only for a few days (Psephenidae). In a few groups, the larvae are truly aquatic but adults are terrestrial (Ptilodactylidae), while in one family only the adults are aquatic (Dryopidae). All adult beetles are capable of flight that aids in their dispersal to new habitats. Few aquatic larvae have special adaptations for obtaining oxygen. Many of the adults, however, have air reserves beneath the elytra connected to external bubble (Dytiscidae) or plastrons (Hydrophilidae). The plastrons of adult Elmidae are so efficient that they never need to return the surface for air.
What you can see is what you can feel-development of a visual/haptic interface to virtual environment

We propose a new concept of visual/haptic interfaces called WYSIWYF display. The proposed concept provides correct visual/haptic registration using a vision based object tracking technique and a video keying technique so that what the user can see via a visual interface is consistent with what he/she can feel through a haptic interface. Using Chroma Keying, a live video image of the user's hand is extracted and blended with the graphic scene of the virtual environment. The user's hand "encounters" the haptic device exactly when his/her hand touches a virtual object in the blended scene. The first prototype has been built and the proposed concept was demonstrated.
Recording the Accessory His Bundle Potential from a Right Atriofascicular Accessory Pathway

The author discusses the case of a 42-year-old man with a long history of episodes of rapid palpitations. Recordings from the proximal end of a right atriofascicular accessory pathway at the lateral tricuspid annulus are discussed. There was successful catheter ablation of the right atriofascicular accessory pathway, without recurrence of tachycardia.
China's HIV Crisis

"To GET RICH IS GLORIOUS," the late Chinese leader DengXiaoping once exhorted his people. Defending this reformist vision, he added, "If you open the window for fresh air, you have to expect some flies to blow in." In the two decades of breakneck economic development since China's embrace of gaige kaifang (reform and opening), both the promise and the peril ofDeng's two maxims have become abundantly clear. Although China enjoys growing wealth, increasing per capita incomes, and rising living standards, it also suffers from environ mental degradation and a host of social ills including political unrest, increased crime, and a fraying social safety net. China, like other developing nations, faces tough choices between the benefits and the costs of modernity. Unfortunately for China, however, the very nature of its par ticular political, social, and economic systems exacerbates the dangers of opening up. The growing problem of HIV/AIDS in China is a glaring example of this phenomenon, and one with enormous implications. Once dismissed by Chinese officialdom as a Western problem, the spread of HIV/AIDS has only recently gained serious attention from Beijing. But it may be too late: China now faces a major epidemic, one that the government will find extremely difficult to combat.
Organizational Characteristics Associated With the Predicted Sustainability of Villages.

Guided by resource dependence theory, this mixed-methods study examined organizational characteristics contributing to the perceived sustainability of Villages, a rapidly proliferating grassroots approach for promoting social participation and service access for community-dwelling older adults. Surveys conducted with leaders of 86% of Villages in the United States in 2012 found that higher predicted confidence in their Village’s 10-year survival was associated with greater financial reserves, human resources, number of Village members, formal policies and procedures, and formal collaboration agreements. Respondents’ explanations of their confidence ratings revealed additional themes of organizational leadership and perceived community need. Member resource inputs were not found to be as salient for Village leaders’ perceptions of sustainability as was anticipated given the Village model’s emphasis on consumer involvement. Despite the lack of longitudinal prospective data, study findings suggest potential ...
Energy-Harvesting Mechanism of a Heaving Airfoil in a Vortical Wake

Energy conversion from vortical flows using flapping wings is widely observed in nature flyers and has great potential for improving energy efficiency of micro aerial vehicles. Therefore, it has re...
Health Care Organizations: For-profit and Nonprofit

Health care in the USA is mostly provided in the private rather than governmental sector. Private health care providers may be incorporated as for-profit or nonprofit organizations. Basic legal and organizational differences between these forms are associated with different constraints and expectations. The most fundamental differences pertain to the absence in nonprofits of owners who have an economic stake, the nondistribution constraint which forbids nonprofits from distributing profits to those who control the organization, and various benefits accorded to nonprofits under federal, state, and local tax laws. The for-profit, nonprofit, and governmental shares vary widely across fields and have changed over time. Thus, hospitals are predominantly nonprofit, while nursing homes are predominantly for-profit. The ownership composition of hospitals has been rather stable in the second half of the twentieth century, while the composition of HMOs and home health agencies changed rapidly toward for-profit ownership in the 1980s. Social scientists have theorized about the relative advantages and disadvantages of for-profit and nonprofit organizations in different fields. Health care, with its unusual mix of ownership forms, has proved to be a rich field for empirical inquiry. This research shows that ownership form interacts with many other factors in influencing the comparative behavior of the two types of organizations.
Introduction to Hoeffding (1948) A Class of Statistics with Asymptotically Normal Distribution

Wassily Hoeffding was born on June 12, 1914 in Mustamaki, Finland, near St. Petersburg (now Leningrad), USSR. His parents were of Danish origin; his father was an economist and his mother had studied medicine. Although at that time, Finland was a part of the Russian Empire, the Bolshevik movement was quite intense and consolidated under the Lenin dictatorship in the Civil War of 1918-20. The Hoeffding family left Russia for Denmark in 1920, and four years later, they moved on to Berlin. In 1933, Wassily finished high school and went on to college to study economics. However, a year later, he gave up economics and entered Berlin University to study mathematics. He earned a Ph.D. degree from Berlin University in 1940 with a dissertation in correlation theory, which dealt with some properties of bivariate distributions that are invariant under arbitrary monotone transformations of the margins. In this context, he studied some (mostly, descriptive) aspects of rank correlations, and a few years later, while investigating the sampling aspects of such measures, he formulated in a remarkably general and highly original form the general distribution theory of symmetric, unbiased estimators (which he termed U-statistics). This is depicted in this outstanding article (under commentary). During World War II, Wassily worked in Berlin partly as an editorial assistant and partly as a research assistant in actuarial science. In September 1946, he was able to immigrate to the United States, and there he started attending lectures at Columbia University in New York. In 1947, he was invited by Harold Hotelling to join the newly established department of Statistics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Since then Wassily had been in Chapel Hill with occasional visits to other campuses (Columbia University and Cornell University in New York, the Steklov Institute in Leningrad, USSR, and the Indian Statistical Institute in Calcutta, among others). In 1979, he retired from active service. He died on February 28, 1991 at Chapel Hill.
Anti-Reflux Surgery

New onset post fundoplication dysphagia is among the most significant potential adverse events following antireflux surgery. Although this occurs in a small number of patients, its prevention is important and largely possible. Importantly, the majority of patients with preoperative dysphagia, report an improvement in swallowing postoperatively. Early postoperative dysphagia is common and well tolerated; however, persistent or new onset dysphagia occurs in approximately 5–10% of patients. Patient selection, preoperative abnormalities and accurate construction of a short, loose fundoplication will help minimize the incidence of persistent postoperative dysphagia. Although adequate esophageal body contractility has received the vast majority of attention, careful study suggests that hiatal outflow resistance is among the most common reasons for new onset dysphagia. When persistent dysphagia causing severe dietary limitations or significant weight loss prompts treatment bougie dilation may be attempted, although its benefit remains untested in controlled studies. Most patients will improve with time. Remedial surgical correction including takedown of hiatal closure, reclosure and conversion to partial fundoplication may be occasionally necessary.