cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of a mouse model to evaluate clinical and environmental isolates of Sporothrix spp. from the largest U.S. epidemic of sporotrichosis.

Five clinical and 69 environmental isolates from the largest U.S. epidemic of sporotrichosis were evaluated in NYLAR male mice following intravenous injection of 5 x 10(6) to 2 x 10(8) conidia per mouse. The clinical isolates and eight environmental isolates produced 100% mortality in groups of three mice each between 12 and 24 days after injection. These virulent isolates grew at 37 degrees C, were dematiaceous by virtue of melanin (melanized) on permissive media (e.g., potato dextrose agar), produced ovoid conidia borne sympodially on lateral conidiophores and pleurogenously about the main hyphal axis, and were identified as Sporothrix schenckii. Two melanized environmental isolates that grew at 35 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C were not virulent and had subtle morphological differences from S. schenckii. The remaining environmental isolates were not melanized, were not virulent, and were not S. schenckii; five were identified as Ophiostoma stenoceras and the remainder were identified as Sporothrix spp. Quantitative organ cultures revealed that clinical isolates grew exponentially in livers and testes, in contrast to an isolate of O. stenoceras that was eliminated from liver, lung, and spleen but that persisted in the testes throughout the 14-day sample period. This model helped to confirm the identification of S. schenckii isolates obtained from the environment.
WHAT'S NEW IN LIBRARIES: Innovation and rationalization to sustain the library’s future

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest that librarians and libraries must demonstrate rationalization of, and innovation in, the library, with the goal of ensuring a sustainable future for both the profession and the institution. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, literature review and commentary on this topic have been addressed by professionals, researchers and practitioners. Findings – Myth-shattering remains as critical for the library’s survival as is a forward-facing posture. If the public, the funders, grantors, legislators and other government entities can recognize the continuing need filled by the library, not only as a welcoming and respected center of a community, but as a knowledge hub brimming with research to support innovation, the rationalization regarding its continuance will be unnecessary. Originality/value – The value in addressing this issue is to highlight the libraries must be viewed not only as a symbol of stability in the community but also as innovators.
Mass Technology for the Teaching of Swimming

(1975). Mass Technology for the Teaching of Swimming. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 77-80.
CHAPTER 283 – FOXO Transcription Factors: Key Targets of the PI3K-Akt Pathway That Regulate Cell Proliferation, Survival, and Organismal Aging

Publisher Summary Forkhead transcription factors of the FOXO subfamily act as key players in controlling cell cycle progression, cell survival, detoxification, and DNA damage repair by integrating extracellular signals and triggering changes in gene expression. FOXO family members are regulated by the PI3K-Akt pathway in response to growth factor stimulation. Binding of growth factors or insulin to their receptors triggers the activation of the phosphoinositide kinase (PI3K), which in turn is responsible for the activation of several serine/threonine kinases, including serum glucocorticoid inducible kinase (SGK or Akt). The three FOXO regulatory sites are phosphorylated in response to a wide range of stimuli that activate Akt and SGK, including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin, interleukin 3, erythropoietin, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth factor β. The phosphorylation of FOXO transcription factors by Akt and SGK in response to growth factors triggers a change in the subcellular localization of FOXOs. The translocation of FOXOs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm appears to be the primary mechanism of regulation of these transcription factors in response to growth factors. The phosphorylation of the first FOXO regulatory site (Thr 32 in FOXO3a) creates a perfect 14-3-3 binding site, and the phosphorylation of the second FOXO regulatory site (Ser 253 in FOXO3a). FOXOs bind to DNA as a monomer via the Forkhead box, a 100 amino acid region located in the central part of the molecule. The NMR structure of the DBD of FOXO4 shows that this domain adopts a winged helix structure similar to those of the other FOX family members such as FOXA and FOXD.
Species duration and extinction patterns in Cenozoic non-marine Ostracoda, Western United States

About 260 species of non-marine Ostracoda appeared and, for the most part, became extinct during the approximately 65 million years of the Cenozoic Era in the western United States. Lacustrine rock sequences containing the ostracode faunas in the Colorado Plateau and Great Basin total as much as 10.000 m.
Bandwidth Limitations of Linearly Polarized Infinite Planar Phased Arrays in Free Space

For elements of an infinite planar phased array in free space, fundamental bandwidth bounds are derived from the optical theorem for periodic scatterers. The bounds are based on Gustafsson’s theory of fundamental bandwidth limits for electrically small antennas of arbitrary shape, but extended to periodic configurations. The element bandwidth bound is found to be a function of the strengths of the induced static dipole moments in constant background fields as well as the unit-cell dimensions and the scan angle. Explicit bandwidth bound expressions are found for narrowband and ultrawideband array cases. They are numerically tested using example free-space array designs.
Supersymmetry, the Cosmological Constant and a Theory of Quantum Gravity in Our Universe

There are many theories of quantum gravity, depending on asymptotic boundary conditions, and the amount of supersymmetry. The cosmological constant is one of the fundamental parameters that characterize different theories. If it is positive, supersymmetry must be broken. A heuristic calculation shows that a cosmological constant of the observed size predicts superpartners in the TeV range. This mechanism for SUSY breaking also puts important constraints on low energy particle physics models. This essay was submitted to the Gravity Research Foundation Competition and is based on a longer article, which will be submitted in the near future.
Quantum-Chemical Study of the Adsorption of DMMP and Sarin on γ-Al2O3

Ab initio calculations, using density functional theory with the B3LYP functional, have been applied to the adsorption of the chemical warfare agent simulant dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and the corresponding real agent Sarin on γ-Al2O3. The goals are to determine the accuracy with which the adsorbed molecules (for which experimental data are available) can be modeled and to conduct a “side-by-side” comparison of the bonding of these species to γ-Al2O3. Free-standing Al8O12 and Al20O30 clusters give reasonable descriptions of the adsorbate structure and properties, and the results are not strongly dependent on cluster size or basis-set quality. For either molecule, the energetically favorable mode of adsorption is Al−OP dative-bond formation, in agreement with experiment. Results for the physisorption of H2O are compared to those reported for a two-dimensionally periodic slab in order to test the reliability of the free-standing cluster model. The adsorption energy of DMMP on the Al20O30 cluster (−57...
Stem Cell Dormancy: Maintaining a Reserved Population

Military strategy commonly relies on holding a reserve force. In order to respond quickly to unforeseen situations or weaknesses, this tactical reserve is not initially committed to the conflict; it may also be called on to exploit opportunities against an opponent. Recent evidence has revealed that stem cell populations similarly maintain a reserve population. Reserved stem cells remain in a dormant, quiescent state until, in response to stress and aging, they serve to replenish and maintain, respectively, the stem cell pool. Unfortunately, cancer may also be maintained by an analogous reserved population that can replenish a neoplasm, especially following cytotoxic chemotherapy. Understanding the biology of reserved stem cells has important implications for stem cell therapy and cancer treatment. In this chapter, stem cell dormancy and quiescence – and its implications for normal stem cell biology and tumorigenesis – will be reviewed. Keywords: Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC); Long-term HSC; Quiescence; Dormancy; Self-renewal; Reserved stem cell; Primed stem cell; Active stem cell; Niche; Label-retaining cell; Cell cycle
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Notion of a Legal Class of Gender

Elizabeth Cady Stanton “the chief philosopher of feminism and women’s rights in the nineteenth century” used narratives of women and their involvement with the law of domestic relations to collectivize women. This recognition of a gender class was the first step towards women’s transformation of the law. Stanton’s stories of working-class women, immigrants, Mormon polygamist wives, and privileged white women revealed common realities among women in an effort to form a collective conscious. The parable-like stories were designed to inspire a collective consciousness among women, one capable of arousing them to social and political action. For to Stanton’s consternation, women showed a lack of appreciation of their own oppression. To shift the status quo, Stanton used stories of real women from different walks of life to develop women’s own sense of outrage. In Stanton’s stories, the law of domestic relations operated the same regardless of class or power, exemplifying the law’s treatment of women as a class based on gender. Stanton’s writings and public lectures drew upon the law of marriage, divorce, and parenting to demonstrate the gendered implications of coverture on all women. The goal was to first, facilitate women’s own empowerment and then, second, to garner that collective power to challenge the law itself. By creating a collective consciousness among women, Stanton identified the operative component important to the law of discrimination today — the existence of a class. The recognition of this collective group was important to identity-based politics of both the first and second-wave feminist movements and fundamental to modern notions of legal equality. Modern sex equality law is premised on the existence of a group of “women” and individual association with the stereotypes and biases of that group. Stanton’s work to awaken women to their own subordination and to unite women as a group to reform the laws was the first step to women identifying collectively, and thus providing the social foundation for legal transformation.
Tumor-stroma interactions and stromal cell density regulate hepatocyte growth factor protein levels: a role for transforming growth factor-beta activation

Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), a fibroblast-derived mediator of epithelial and endothelial growth and motility, is regulated by factors present in media conditioned by breast tumor cell lines. Both inhibitory and stimulatory effects were observed dependent on culture conditions. The present work shows that breast tumor cell conditioned medium contains a latent HGF/SF inhibitory activity, which can be activated by a variety of treatments known to activate latent transforming growth factor-beta. Using blocking antibodies and other criteria, we show that transforming growth factor-beta present in epithelial cell conditioned medium is primarily responsible for mediating the down-regulation of fibroblast HGF/SF. Epithelial cell conditioned medium also contains a trypsin-sensitive and heat-stable stimulatory activity. Stromal cell density but not proliferation rate markedly alters HGF/SF expression. These results indicate that the expression of at least one epithelial morphogen, HGF/SF, is in...
Effects of GnRH analogs on six ovarian cancer cell lines in culture.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the possible direct anti-tumor effects of the GnRH agonists buserelin and leuprolide acetate and the GnRH antagonist antide on ovarian cancer cell lines in culture. Evidence from several hormone-responsive tumor systems suggests that GnRH analogs may have direct anti-tumor effects at the cellular level. In small clinical trials, the use of GnRH analogs in advanced refractory ovarian cancer has produced some dramatic responses. With this in mind, we evaluated the growth effects of the GnRH agonists buserelin and leuprolide and the GnRH antagonist antide over a range of concentrations on six established ovarian cancer cell lines over a period of 7 days. Cell viability was measured by an ATP-bioluminescence assay and expressed as a percentage of untreated control cultures. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate significant growth differences from control cultures. Although we were able to demonstrate statistically significant reduction in cell growth in two of six cell lines with buserelin, no dose-related response patterns were seen. While buserelin caused a maximum 16% inhibition of growth, antide had on effect on tumor growth at the same doses. Leuprolide acetate produced significant dose-dependent inhibition of growth in all six cell lines when doses were increased to supraphysiologic levels, but demonstrated no significant inhibition at doses that are clinically attainable. Furthermore, competitive binding assays showed no specific GnRH binding in any of the six ovarian cell lines tested. Although GnRH analogs have growth inhibitory effects on ovarian cancer cells in vitro , the magnitude of this effect at doses that are clinically achievable is insufficient to support direct tumor effects as the mechanism behind the clinical responses reported.
Workshop on navigation in electronic worlds

This two-day workshop will bring together researchers and designers working on different topics relevant to navigation in electronic information worlds. The central focus will be on human navigation in electronic information emphasizing fundamental issues in research and design. The chosen focus requires awareness of the broader topics of navigation in general, the impact of information structures, and properties of the electronic world--all in relation to properties of users, their tasks and contexts.
Automating Bivariate Transformations

We automate the bivariate change-of-variables technique for bivariate continuous random variables with arbitrary distributions. This extends the algorithm for univariate change-of-variables devised by Glen et al. [Glen, A. G., L. M. Leemis, J. H. Drew. 1997. A generalized univariate change-of-variable transformation technique. INFORMS J. Comput. 9(3) 288–295]. Our transformation procedure handles one–to–one, k–to–one, and piecewise k–to–one transformations for both independent and dependent random variables. We also present other procedures that operate on bivariate random variables (e.g., calculating correlation and marginal distributions).
Bacteriostatic Actions of Three Thiazol Derivatives of Sulfanila-mide upon Bacteria in Broth Cultures

SummaryThree new thiazol derivatives of sulfanilamide have been studied with respect to their bacteriostatic action upon microorganisms. These compounds were found to be superior to sulfanilamide and sulfapyridine in their inhibitory actions upon pneumo-cocci Types I, II and III and beta Streptococcus hemolyticus Group A in concentrations as low as 5 mg %. Concentrations of 1 mg % proved the new derivatives to be more effective against the gono-coccus than the parent compound and sulfapyridine. The methyl and phenyl derivatives were found to be markedly bacteriostatic for Staphylococcus aureus. Sulfanilamide and sulfapyridine exhibited a moderate degree of inhibition upon the latter organism.
Longitudinal Flow Along Circular Cylinders and Thick Plates, Including Blunt Leading-Edge Separation

L'ecoulement axisymetrique sur une classe de corps de revolution ainsi que l'ecoulement bidimensionnel correspondant sont etudies a l'aide des equations de Navier Stokes. On emploie une methode de direction alternee pour obtenir des solutions numeriques
DICOM server for CT and MR acquisition

The challenge to archiving images in the modern radiology department arises from the need to interface heterogeneous modalities. The DICOM 3 standard is an industry-wide attempt to produce a homogeneous solution to this problem. Our initial attempt at a unified archive server (Frost et al., 1994) demonstrated that there were limitations imposed by vendor interpretation of the DICOM standard, and initial DICOM toolkit solutions. More rigorous compliance by the vendors to the adopted DICOM standard has allowed the development of a uniform archive server process. As new DICOM conferment equipment is added to the Department of Radiology, the identical archive server process can be utilized, thus significantly reducing the installation, maintenance, and operational costs.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cyclooxygenase 2 mediates the antiangiogenic effect of rapamycin in Ewing sarcoma.

Abstract Background Rapamycin can inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis in various human cancers. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is involved in the angiogenic process. We hypothesized that the antiangiogenic effect of rapamycin may be mediated by suppression of COX-2. Methods Ewing sarcoma (ES) cells were implanted in athymic mice. Selected animals were treated with rapamycin for 5 weeks. Tumor vascularity was assessed by lectin perfusion angiography and immunohistochemistry. Phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin pathway proteins was determined by Western blot analysis. Staining of COX-2 protein was determined by immunohistochemistry, and expression of COX-2 messenger RNA levels was assessed with quantitative real-time (RT) polymerase chain reaction. Results Mean tumor weights were significantly reduced in the treated group (5.43 g ± 1.43 SEM vs 0.49 g ± 0.15 SEM, P Conclusion Low-dose rapamycin inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in human ES without inhibiting the phosphorylation of p70s6k and Akt. Cyclooxygenase 2 levels are inhibited by low-dose treatment of ES with rapamycin. Cyclooxygenase 2 suppression may mediate the antiangiogenic effect of rapamycin in Ewing sarcoma.
The primary sex determination signal of Drosophila acts at the level of transcription

For Drosophila, the choice between male and female development is made by the switch gene, Sxl, in response to the X:A ratio. Once Sxl is turned on in females, it actively maintains the determined state, independent of the X:A signal, by a positive autoregulatory feedback loop in which Sxl proteins direct the female-specific splicing of Sxl transcripts. In this paper we have investigated the mechanism controlling pathway initiation. Our results suggest a two-step model for the initial activation of Sxl in females. In the first step, a special class of Sxl mRNAs is expressed in female embryos from an early promoter that responds to the genes signaling the X:A ratio. The proteins produced from these early mRNAs then initiate the autoregulatory loop by directing the female-specific processing of transcripts from the late Sxl promoter.
Optical properties of liquid carbon measured by femtosecond spectroscopy.

A comprehensive report of femtosecond time-resolved reflectivity and transmission of graphite and diamond following optical excitation above critical melting fluences ${\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{m}}$ of 0.13 and 0.63 J/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, respectively, is presented. Normal- and oblique-incidence reflectivity has been measured with 100-fs resolution at wavelengths ranging from 700 to 310 nm. Within 1 ps following excitation above ${\mathit{F}}_{\mathit{m}}$, probe reflectance increases sharply at visible frequencies, remains nearly unchanged at near-ultraviolet frequencies, and depends weakly on excitation fluence. These optical changes are interpreted as an ultrafast melting transition from crystalline graphite or diamond to a common, more reflective liquid state. During the first picosecond following excitation, electron and lattice temperatures substantially equilibrate, and the lattice melts, before heat conducts out of the absorbing volume or the surface hydrodynamically expands. A Drude model of the reflectance spectrum 1 ps after excitation reveals a strongly damped plasma (plasma frequency-relaxation time product ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{p}}$\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\sim}1), in contrast to liquid silicon (${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{\mathit{p}}$\ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\sim}5). Inferred electron mean free paths approach the average interatomic spacing (2 \AA{}), implying electron localization. Optically determined dc resistivities up to 625\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}75 \ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\Omega} cm agree with measurements at kilobar ambient pressure, but significantly exceed resistivities measured and calculated at low pressure. Thus, the attribution ``metal'' is questionable for fluid carbon under these conditions. The results demonstrate that femtosecond lasers can extend condensed-matter thermophysics measurements to temperature-pressure regimes inaccessible by other methods.
Development of flat, smooth (100) faceted diamond thin films using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition

A novel approach has been used to develop (100) faceted diamond films with flat, smooth surfaces. A morphological study of the early stages of growth behavior of (100) homoepitaxial films versus process temperature and methane percentage was carried out using atomic force microscopy. The results showed that spiral growth features and penetration twin density were dominant for growth conditions not well suited for (100) growth. Optimized process parameters were found to proceed via a step mechanism consistent with ledge growth on (2{times}1) reconstructed (100) diamond surfaces. These optimized conditions were then applied to growth of polycrystalline diamond on pretreated silicon susbtrates. A unique octahedral faceted film resulted, indicating strong preference for growth in the {l_angle}100{r_angle} direction. Scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy were used to assess film morphology, internal fiber texture, and carbon phase, respectively. A second stage growth step was used to flatten the surface topography to achieve the desired (100) flat tile-like morphology. This smooth (100) surface exhibited enhanced tribological performance compared to a typical randomly textured diamond film. {copyright} {ital 1997 Materials Research Society.}
Movement Duration, Fractionated Reaction Time, and Response Programming

The purpose of this study was to determine how the manipulation of movement duration affects components of fractionated reaction time and presumably motor programming. Twelve subjects, in a simple reaction time paradigm, responded to an auditory signal by executing an elbow flexion movement in the sagittal plane through a range of motion of 100° in 150, 300, 600 and 1200 ms. Results indicated no changes in motor time but small increments in premotor and reaction time through the 600 ms condition. At 1200 ms, reaction time increased faster than premotor time, and this appeared to be predominantly a consequence of an increment in motor time. These data were interpreted to be supportive of the notion that movement duration is related to response complexity and the time required for motor programming.
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) Protein Degradation in Response to Persistent c-Jun N-terminal Kinase 1 (JNK1) Activation Contributes to Hepatic Steatosis in Obesity

SIRT1 is involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, diabetes, and aging. However, it is not clear how SIRT1 activity is regulated by intracellular kinases in cells. In this study, we investigated SIRT1 phosphorylation and protein degradation in response to JNK1 activation in obese mice. Mouse SIRT1 is phosphorylated by JNK1 at Ser-46 (Ser-47 in human SIRT1), which is one of the four potential residues targeted by JNK1. The phosphorylation induces a brief activation of SIRT1 function and degradation of SIRT1 thereafter by the proteasome. Ubiquitination occurs in SIRT1 protein after the phosphorylation. Mutation of Ser-46 to alanine prevents the phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation. In vivo, SIRT1 undergoes an extensive degradation in hepatocytes in obesity as a consequence of persistent activation of JNK1. The degradation leads to inhibition of SIRT1 function, which contributes to development of hepatic steatosis. The degradation disappears in obesity when JNK1 is inactivated in mice. JNK2 exhibits an opposite activity in the regulation of SIRT1 degradation. The JNK1-SIRT1 pathway provides a new molecular mechanism for the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis in obesity.
Genetic algorithm optimization of phononic bandgap structures

Abstract This paper describes the use of genetic algorithms (GAs) for the optimal design of phononic bandgaps in periodic elastic two-phase media. In particular, we link a GA with a computational finite element method for solving the acoustic wave equation, and find optimal designs for both metal–matrix composite systems consisting of Ti/SiC, and H 2 O-filled porous ceramic media, by maximizing the relative acoustic bandgap for these media. The term acoustic here implies that, for simplicity, only dilatational wave propagation is considered, although this is not an essential limitation of the method. The inclusion material is found to have a lower longitudinal modulus (and lower wave speed) than the surrounding matrix material, a result consistent with observations that stronger scattering is observed if the inclusion material has a lower wave velocity than the matrix material.
The γ phosphorylase kinase gene, Phkg, maps to mouse Chromosome 5 near Gus

Phosphorylase kinase is a multimeric regulatory enzyme in the glycogenolytic pathway. Interest in various types of phosphorylase kinase enzyme deficiency has focused attention on cloning and mapping the enzyme subunits. We report the mapping of the catalytic γ subunit gene, Phkg, to mouse Chromosome (Chr) 5 near β-glucuronidase (Gus), between alpha fetoprotein (Afp) and erythropoietin (Epo). In addition, PCR-based polymorphism assays have been developed for the human (EPO) and mouse erythropoietin genes, and a unique recombinant inbred strain distribution pattern has been defined for Epo, a distal anchor marker on mouse Chr 5.
Riboflavin uptake by rat liver basolateral membrane vesicles

Abstract The present study examined riboflavin (RF) uptake by purified rat liver basolateral membrane vesicle (BLMV). Uptake of RF was found to be Na + -and pH-independent in nature. Studies on RF uptake by BLMV as a function of incubation medium osmolarity have indicated that the uptake is the result of transport (66.5%) into the intravesicular space as well as binding (33.5%) to membrane surfaces. The process of RF uptake by BLMV was saturable as a function of substrate concentration with an apparent K m of 3.55 ± 0.70 μ M and V max of 39.89 ± 3.24 pmol/mg protein/5 s, respectively. cis -Addition of unlabeled RF and its structural analogs lumaflavin and lumichrome inhibited the uptake of [ 3 H]RF while trans -addition of unlabeled RF stimulated the efflux of [ 3 H]RF from preloaded vesicles. No effect on RF uptake was found by the membrane transport inhibitors probenecid, 4,4-diisothiocyanotostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid (DIDS) and 4-acetamido-4-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (SITS). Induction of a transient positive intravesicular space led to a slight stimulation of RF uptake, while induction of a negative intravesicular space led to a slight inhibition in RF uptake. These results demonstrate the existence of a membrane-associated carrier system for RF uptake by liver BLMV. This system appears to be Na + - and pH-independent and is influenced to a certain degree by changes in transmembrane electrical potential.
Issues of Institutionalization: Five Percent Fallacies and Terminal Care.

Place-of-death data are analyzed for King County, Washington (1971) and Whatcom County, Washington (1971, 1975, 1978), allowing comparisons with previous studies on "the five percent fallacy." The King County findings agree with past research on a major metropolitan area. For large urban areas, sex is found to be a significant correlate of place of death for whites (but not nonwhites), and race is found significant for females (but not males). Whatcom County data differ from earlier findings on a smaller geographic area. Changes in place-of-death distributions over time for Whatcom County are noted. Explanations are proferred for differences between the current data and past research, and for changes observed over time in one location. The implications of the findings for nursing homes and other extended care facilities, hospitals, health and old-age agencies, and the elderly themselves are discussed.
Ovarian hormones, copulatory stimuli, and female sexual behavior in the Mongolian gerbil.

Abstract The effects of repeated estradiol benzoate (1.0 or 3.3 μg) and progesterone (0.5 mg) injections and mating experiences (10 min or 4 hr) were examined in ovariec-tomized female Mongolian gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus ) paired with sexually vigorous but unfamiliar males. Estradiol benzoate alone for 2 days did not elicit female sexual responses. Estradiol benzoate for 2 days followed by progesterone facilitated lordosis in the female. In females injected daily with 1.0 μg estradiol benzoate, progesterone exposure for approximately 1 day produced a significant inhibition in subsequent lordosis, although these females continued to respond to the male with lordosis quotients of approximately 60. A 4-hr mating experience produced a nearly complete elimination of sexual activity in tests observed 24 hr later with a fresh male. Footstomping was positively associated with sexual activity in both sexes, although females footstomped more often in the 1.0 rather than the 3.3-μg estradiol benzoate condition. Fighting was most frequent in tests in which lordosis quotients were low. Interactions among copulatory experiences and inhibitory effects of progesterone summed to terminate female sexual receptivity and alter other social interactions in the gerbil.
Neuropsychological performance of emotionally disturbed students on the LNNB and LNNB-C

Abstract A number of researchers have reported an association between neuropsychological impairment and psychiatric disorders. However, there has been relatively little research on the neuropsychological functioning of emotionally disturbed students served in public schools. The purpose of this study was to determine the neuropsychological performance of 65 emotionally disturbed students 8–18 years old on the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery: Form I (LNNB) and the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery: Children's Revision (LNNB-C). The results indicated that approximately 42% of the younger group (99–154 months) and 38% of the older group (156– 226 months) demonstrated neuropsychological impairment as defined by criterion values for the various scales of the two batteries. On average, the emotionally disturbed students appeared to demonstrate more difficulty on more complex cognitive tasks, such as writing, arithmetic, and intellectual processes, than for less complex tasks, such as motor functions.
Spectroscopic and computational studies of Ni3+ complexes with mixed S/N ligation: implications for the active site of nickel superoxide dismutase.

Both Ni-containing superoxide dismutase (NiSOD) and NiFe hydrogenases feature thiolate-rich active sites that are capable of stabilizing the Ni3+ oxidation state in catalytically relevant species. In an effort to better understand the role of Ni3+−S bonding interactions in these metalloenzymes, we have employed various spectroscopic and computational methods to probe the geometric and electronic structures of three Ni3+ complexes with mixed S/N ligation: [Ni3+(pdtc)2]- (1), [Ni3+(emb)]- (2), and [Ni3+(ema)]- (3) [where pdtc is pyridine-2,6-bis(monothiocarboxylate) and emb and ema are the tetraanions of N,N‘-ethylenebis(o-mercaptobenzamide) and N,N‘-ethylenebis(2-mercaptoacetamide), respectively]. Each complex has been examined with electronic absorption, magnetic circular dichroism, electron paramagnetic resonance, and resonance Raman (rR) spectroscopies. Detailed assignments of the features observed in the corresponding spectra have been established within the framework of density functional theory calc...
Immunophoretic Evaluation of Blood Serum Proteins in Chickens. III. Effects of Nutritional Myopathy-Producing Diets Deficient in Vitamin E and Sulfur Amino Acids.∗:

Summary and Conclusions1. Eleven one-day-old chickens were placed on diets deficient in vitamin E or any synthetic antioxi-dant and on sulfur amino acids. Eight chickens of the same hatch were kept on normal stock diets for comparison. All of the experimental chickens developed paralyses of breast muscles, and weakness of leg muscles in from 6 to 8 weeks. Normal chickens were free from symptoms. Both sets of chickens were sacrificed at the same time. Blood sera, obtained by cardiac puncture, were examined by immunophoresis, using anti-chicken serum antibodies in rabbit serum. 2. Significant im-munophoretic finding was the persistence of a precipitation curve in the beta lipoprotein mobility range in sera of experimental chickens, which is normally not found in chickens of the same age. The remainder of the im-munophoretic preparations pattern was alike in experimental and normal sera. 3. Interpretation of the altered serum protein in chronic vit E-deficient chickens is discussed in terms of altered lipid ...
The Application of Science- and Risk-Based Concepts to Drug Substance Stability Strategies

The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) has provided practical guidance on the amount and type of drug substance stability data needed to support marketing applications (International Conference on Harmonization 2001, 2002, 2003a, b). Additional guidance has been issued by the World Health Organization (WHO 2009). Recent scientific advances and practices have resulted in improved scientific understanding of the chemical and physical attributes that contribute directly or indirectly to drug substance stability. Combining this improved understanding with the science- and risk-based approaches detailed in ICH Q8, Q9, and Q10 allows for alternative and more scientifically driven approaches to meet the scientific and regulatory objectives for drug substance stability (International Conference on Harmonization 2005, 2008, 2009). In this paper, proposals are presented to more fully leverage enhanced product knowledge to design improved stability strategies. The chemical and physical attributes that potentially impact drug substance stability are discussed, and strategies that leverage accelerated stability studies are presented.
Induction of c-fos by an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody

The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or a monoclonal antibody to the human EGF receptor on c-fos and c-myc gene expression was examined in KB epidermoid carcinoma cells. EGF increased c-fos transcripts within 30 min and c-myc transcripts within 6–24 hours. The antibody transiently increased c-fos expression within 30 minutes, but did not alter expression of c-myc. Cycloheximide potentiated the c-fos induction by both EGF and antibody. C-fos induction by antibody was less consistent, and was of briefer duration and lesser intensity than the induction by EGF. Nuclear transcription of c-fos decreased in cells treated with EGF or antibody, indicating that c-fos induction by EGF or antibody resulted from post-transcriptional mechanisms.
Effect of Intralipid, Amino Acids, Container, Temperature, and Duration of Storage on Vitamin Stability in Total Parenteral Nutrition Admixtures

This study was designed to determine the stability of certain vitamins added to total parenteral nutrition (TPN) admixtures with or without Intralipid iv fat emulsion and with each of four amino acid solutions stored in either glass bottles or plastic bags at either ambient room (25°C) or refrigerator (5°C) temperature for a 48-hr period. Riboflavin and folacin were not affected by the experimental conditions. The presence of Intralipid resulted in higher levels of vitamin E due to Intralipid's inherent vitamin E content; no other experimental conditions affected vitamin E. Thiamin levels decreased in admixtures containing the amino acid solution C and stored at 25°C. Vitamin A levels were lower in admixtures stored in plastic but were maintained in admixtures containing Intralipid and stored in glass bottles at either temperature. Vitamin C levels were maintained in admixtures stored at 5°C for all experimental conditions. The greatest vitamin C losses occurred in admixtures containing amino acid solutio...
Do invasive mussels restrict offshore phosphorus transport in Lake Huron

Dreissenid mussels were first documented in the Laurentian Great Lakes in the late 1980s. Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) spread quickly into shallow, hard-substrate areas; quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) spread more slowly and are currently colonizing deep, offshore areas. These mussels occur at high densities, filter large water volumes while feeding on suspended materials, and deposit particulate waste on the lake bottom. This filtering activity has been hypothesized to sequester tributary phosphorus in nearshore regions reducing offshore primary productivity. We used a mass balance model to estimate the phosphorus sedimentation rate in Saginaw Bay, a shallow embayment of Lake Huron, before and after the mussel invasion. Our results indicate that the proportion of tributary phosphorus retained in Saginaw Bay increased from approximately 46-70% when dreissenids appeared, reducing phosphorus export to the main body of Lake Huron. The combined effects of increased phosphorus retention and decreased phosphorus loading have caused an approximate 60% decrease in phosphorus export from Saginaw Bay to Lake Huron. Our results support the hypothesis that the ongoing decline of preyfish and secondary producers including diporeia (Diporeia spp.) in Lake Huron is a bottom-up phenomenon associated with decreased phosphorus availability in the offshore to support primary production.
Correlations between in situ sensor measurements and trace organic pollutants in urban streams

Quantification of organic and microbial pollutant loading is expensive and labor-intensive because collection and analysis of grab samples are needed. Instruments are available, however, for in situ analysis of basic water quality parameters at high temporal resolution. Throughout the late summer and fall of 2008 a two-node water quality monitoring network was deployed to measure turbidity, specific conductance, pH, depth, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and nitrate at high frequencies in two urban streams in the Minneapolis, MN metropolitan area. Grab samples also were collected at 2 h intervals for 22 h during two dry periods and five rain events and analyzed for organic and microbial pollutants. This study investigated the viability of using in situ near real-time sensors to predict fecal coliforms, prometon (a residential herbicide), atrazine (an agricultural herbicide), and caffeine (a wastewater indicator) concentrations. Such pollutants can be used as indicators of sources that contribute to what is often termed “urban stream syndrome.” At one stream, linear correlations were observed between nitrate and caffeine (R2 = 0.66), turbidity and prometon (R2 = 0.91), and discharge and prometon (R2 = 0.92). At another location, caffeine linearly correlated with specific conductance (R2 = 0.64). A lack of correlation with sensed water quality parameters was also observed with some of the pollutants. When one considers that error is estimated to be as high as 200% when using monthly grab samples to estimate pollutant loading in streams, even moderate correlations, such as the ones found in this study, can provide better loading estimates if frequently sensed parameters can be used for load estimation. Therefore, such site-specific relationships can be used to estimate the loading of specific pollutants in near real-time until robust low-cost technologies to analyze these pollutants in situ become available.
Coupled-mode description of beam-plasma interaction

A coupled-mode method is used to analyse the interaction between the slow space-charge wave of an electron beam and the electroacoustic wave of a lossless warm plasma. A transmission-line analogue of the plasma electroacoustic wave is developed. Maximum gain expression is obtained from the solution of the beam-plasma coupled-mode equations.
Indiana university digital music library project

The Indiana University Digital Music Library project plans to create a digital library testbed system containing music in a variety of formats, designed to support research and education in the field of music and to serve as a platform for digital library research. Prototypes of user interfaces to the system will be demonstrated.
Reformatsky type additions of haloacetonitriles to aldehydes mediated by metallic nickel

Abstract Nickel in the metallic state was found to carry out the Reformatsky type addition of haloacetonitriles to aldehydes via cyanomethylnickel halides to give β-hydroxynitriles in good yields.
Effect of Dietary Phospholipids on the Choline Requirement ofLitopenaeus vannamei Juveniles

An 8-wk feeding trial was conducted with a 3 ± 4 factorial design for evaluating the nutritional relationship between phospholipids (lecithin at 0, 1.5% or 3% of diet) and choline chloride (0, 1,000, 2,000, or 4,000 mg/kg diet) in juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei. In addition, diets with five graded levels of choline chloride (0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 mg/kg) without supplemental phospholipids or cholesterol were fed for determining the dietary choline requirement. Overall survival was 99% with no difference among the dietary treatments. The choline requirement was estimated to be 871 mg/kg diet without dietary phospholipids. No choline requirement was evident when lecithin was provided at 1.5% and 3% of diet. Shrimp growth significantly increased with incremental dietary phospholipids regardless of choline chloride level. These results indicate that lecithin could effectively provide choline. Conversely, synthesis of phospholipids from choline could not meet the phospholipids requirement of shrimp. Both dietary lecithin and choline chloride supplementation reduced lipid in shrimp muscle. However, only lecithin supplementation increased lipid in hepatopancreas, and dietary choline chloride decreased the level of other phospholipids (except phosphatidylcholine) in shrimp muscle.
On whisker toughening in ceramic materials

Abstract Toughening achieved by incorporation of whiskers to ceramic matrices was calculated based on an approach that combines individual contributions from effective toughening mechanisms. The relative importance of each mechanism, among others, was found to substantially vary depending on the selection of whisker and composite parameters. Analysis of the effect of various parameters showed that whisker strength, pullout length, debond length, and volume fraction of whiskers are the most important parameters in whisker toughening. Very good agreement was found between predictions made by the combinatory approach and experimental toughness values of Al2O3/SiCw composites.
Pindolol in the treatment of hypertension: Systolic time intervals as a predictor of response to beta receptor blockade

Seventy-two hypertensive patients were treated with pindolol, a beta adrenergic blocking drug with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. Serial measurements of systolic time intervals were utilized (1) to determine whether the therapeutic response to pindolol was predictable from pretreatment measurements, and (2) to assess changes in cardiac function during a 15 week treatment period. Patients with an abnormal pretreatment ratio of preejection period to left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET) of greater than 0.42 were less likely to respond with a decrease in mean blood pressure of greater than 10 percent (8 of 22) than were patients with a normal (0.42 or less) pretreatment PEP/LVET ratio (33 of 50) (p
Zero-field optically detected magnetic resonance study of the lowest triplet state of magnesium tetraphenylchlorin

Abstract The triplet state zero-field splitting parameters and intersystem crossing (ISC) decay constants for the individual triplet spin sublevels of magnesium tetraphenylchlorin and magnesium porphin dissolved in pyridine are presented. Comparison is made with previously published data for other model photosynthetic compounds and chlorophylls.
Current Status of Transcatheter Management of Neoplasms

Transcatheter arterial infusion and arterial embolization are employed in the treatment of various neoplasms. In patients with carcinoma of the colon metastatic to the liver, the hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of floxuridine and Mitomycin© produced a 55% partial response and a 12% complete response, as well as an improved median survival of 18 months. In metastatic breast carcinoma, a 30% response was achieved. In some cases, proximal embolization of aberrant hepatic arteries was performed to redistribute the hepatic flow to a single vessel to assist infusion of the entire liver using a single catheter. Devascularization by hepatic artery embolization has also been used to treat hepatic neoplasms. Arterial occlusion of renal carcinoma, followed after four to seven days by nephrectomy and hormonal therapy, produced a 36% response rate in 49 patients with distant metastases. In 14 patients with osteosarcoma treated with cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) arterial infusion, a 57% response rate was achieved. Benign bone tumors were treated with arterial occlusion with a 60% response rate. Tumors of the pelvis were managed by bilateral internal iliac artery infusion using CDDP. In 21 patients with recurrent bladder carcinoma, control of pain and hematuria and prolonged survival were achieved.
Use of Preclinical Drug Vs. Food Choice Procedures to Evaluate Candidate Medications for Cocaine Addiction

Drug addiction is a disease that manifests as an inappropriate allocation of behavior towards the procurement and use of the abused substance and away from other behaviors that produce more adaptive reinforcers (e.g. exercise, work, family and social relationships). The goal of treating drug addiction is not only to decrease drug-maintained behaviors, but also to promote a reallocation of behavior towards alternative, nondrug reinforcers. Experimental procedures that offer concurrent access to both a drug reinforcer and an alternative, nondrug reinforcer provide a research tool for assessment of medication effects on drug choice and behavioral allocation. Choice procedures are currently the standard in human laboratory research on medications development. Preclinical choice procedures have been utilized in biomedical research since the early 1940's, and during the last 10-15 years, their use for evaluation of medications to treat drug addiction has increased. We propose here that parallel use of choice procedures in preclinical and clinical studies will facilitate translational research on development of medications to treat cocaine addiction. In support of this proposition, a review of the literature suggests strong concordance between preclinical effectiveness of candidate medications to modify cocaine choice in nonhuman primates and rodents and clinical effectiveness of these medications to modify either cocaine choice in human laboratory studies or metrics of cocaine abuse in patients with cocaine use disorder. The strongest evidence for medication effectiveness in preclinical choice studies has been obtained with maintenance on the monoamine releaser d-amphetamine, a candidate agonist medication for cocaine use analogous to use of methadone to treat heroin abuse or nicotine formulations to treat tobacco dependence.