cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Testing of advanced permanent magnet machines for a wide range of applications

Permanent magnet machines are widely used across a wide range of applications. One of the key challenges is that there are no well-established standards for testing PM machines similar to those used for testing induction machines and wound-field synchronous machines. This paper will provide an overview of the key tests that need to be performed in order to fully quantify the PM machine performance. The paper also provides an overview of three distinct applications of advanced permanent magnet machine technologies. It describes the specific application benefits that are accomplished with permanent magnet solutions for automotive, and Oil & Gas. The details of the technology development for these three first-of-a-kind machines have been previously presented in other publications showing that each of which advances the state of the art in power density, torque density, or speed. The focus of this paper is the various tests that were performed on each of these machines as well as the test results.
Proton Beams for Imaging Applications

The idea of using protons for imaging purposes was suggested more than a decade ago. Since that time, several attempts to demonstrate the usefulness of this technique for medical imaging have been made. However, only recently have detailed analyses of the physical advantages between proton and x-ray imaging been made. These studies show an expected dose reduction of about a factor of 10 for proton compared to x-ray imaging. All of these studies assume that both proton and x-ray systems are working at the quantum statistical limit of sensitivity. However, the complexity of the bremsstrahlung beam, rapid variation of absorptive coefficient with energy, and complexity of making high spatial accuracy and high detection efficiency detectors could seriously limit the practical sensitivity with x-ray imaging.
Type A behavior, need for control, and reactions to group participation

The present study examines the behavior of Type A coronary-prone subjects in group problem-solving sessions. Subjects discuss possible solutions to two problems in same-sex groups containing both Type As and Bs. As are much more likely than Bs to be seen as leaders and are rarely nominated as the least helpful member. Although A and B leaders are both seen as moderately likeable, A leaders' problem solutions are rated as lower in quality. Manipulations of problem importance and incentive for good solutions have similar effects on As and Bs. The results are discussed as being generally consistent with the proposal that Type As are primarily motivated by a need for control. Some indirect support is obtained for the idea that As are more susceptible than Bs to learned helplessness.
Combined 624-nm and 850-nm illumination at low rates leads to enhanced inhibition of Candida albicans -

Background: To determine whether combinations of red and infrared light could improve inhibition of Candida albicans and whether combining wavelengths and altering rate of energy delivery could prevent the formation of resistance to light energy. Methods: C. albicans was tested because of the common appearance in human skin and mucous membrane infections. The organism was treated in vitro with a combination of 624-nm (red) and 850-nm (infrared) light emitted from a supraluminous diode (SLD) array. Doses of 9, and 30 J/cm 2 were used. Rate of energy delivery was also manipulated. Colony counts were performed and compared to untreated controls using Student t tests and one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc analysis. Results: The combination of 624 and 850-nm light energy at 30 J/cm 2 was an effective (p ≤ 0.05) inhibitor of C. albicans across all seven stages of the experiment. The combination of 624 and 850-nm wavelengths produced a maximum kill rate [{control – treated / control} X 100] of 76.24% and an average kill rate of 54% across the seven stages of the experiment. Conclusions: A Combination of 624-nm and 850-nm light from an SLD array can inhibit the growth of C. albicans in vitro. Altering delivery rate of the energy can delay resistance formation in this organism.
Predictive Control Algorithm Technique for Multilevel Asymmetric Cascaded H-Bridge Inverters

Predictive control algorithms have been proposed for power electronic converters, featuring a high performance in terms of dynamic behavior. This is true due mainly to the accurate modeling and the finite set of inputs or possible switching combinations. However, when it is used in multilevel converters, the dynamic performance is degraded, because the optimization algorithm needs to evaluate and search over a large number of possible switching combinations. In this paper, a predictive control algorithm, which exhibits high dynamic performance for multilevel converters, is proposed. The algorithm reduces the complexity of calculations and the number of possible combinations, allowing the use of predictive control with a large number of switching states. Experimental results on a 27-level asymmetric multicell converter, which validate the proposed algorithm, are presented.
Automatic anatomy recognition via multiobject oriented active shape models.

Purpose: This paper studies the feasibility of developing an automatic anatomy recognition (AAR) system in clinical radiology and demonstrates its operation on clinical 2D images. Methods: The anatomy recognition method described here consists of two main components: (a) multiobject generalization of OASM and (b) object recognition strategies. The OASM algorithm is generalized to multiple objects by including a model for each object and assigning a cost structure specific to each object in the spirit of live wire. The delineation of multiobject boundaries is done in MOASM via a three level dynamic programming algorithm, wherein the first level is at pixel level which aims to find optimal oriented boundary segments between successive landmarks, the second level is at landmark level which aims to find optimal location for the landmarks, and the third level is at the object level which aims to find optimal arrangement of object boundaries over all objects. The object recognition strategy attempts to find that pose vector (consisting of translation, rotation, and scale component) for the multiobject model that yields the smallest total boundary cost for all objects. The delineation and recognition accuracies were evaluated separately utilizing routine clinical chest CT, abdominal CT, and foot MRI data sets. The delineation accuracy was evaluated in terms of true and false positive volume fractions (TPVF and FPVF). The recognition accuracy was assessed (1) in terms of the size of the space of the pose vectors for the model assembly that yielded high delineation accuracy, (2) as a function of the number of objects and objects’ distribution and size in the model, (3) in terms of the interdependence between delineation and recognition, and (4) in terms of the closeness of the optimum recognition result to the global optimum. Results: When multiple objects are included in the model, the delineation accuracy in terms of TPVF can be improved to 97%–98% with a low FPVF of 0.1%–0.2%. Typically, a recognition accuracy of ≥90% yielded a TPVF ≥95% and FPVF ≤0.5%. Over the three data sets and over all tested objects, in 97% of the cases, the optimal solutions found by the proposed method constituted the true global optimum. Conclusions: The experimental results showed the feasibility and efficacy of the proposed automatic anatomy recognition system. Increasing the number of objects in the model can significantly improve both recognition and delineation accuracy. More spread out arrangement of objects in the model can lead to improved recognition and delineation accuracy. Including larger objects in the model also improved recognition and delineation. The proposed method almost always finds globally optimum solutions.
Nutrient and particulate fluxes in a salt marsh ecosystem: Tidal exchanges and inputs by precipitation and groundwater 1

Waterborne nutrients enter Great Sippewissctt Marsh through groundwater, rain, and tidal flooding. The ebb of tidal water removes nutrients. During summer, uptake by marsh biota leads to net import of nutrients. The increased export of ammonium in August may be due to leaching from senescent marsh plants. There is a net annual export of ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, dissolved organic (DON) and particulate (PN) nitrogen, particulate carbon (PC), and phosphate. Ammonium, DON, and PN are the major forms of nitrogen exported. Nutrient concentrations in coastal and marsh water are correlated, and marsh exports could contribute substantially to nutrient supplies of coastal waters. Groundwater entering the marsh provides primarily N03-N and DON. Nutrient inputs through precipitation consist primarily of DON, NO,-N, and NIIcN. Particulate materials in rain have a high C:N ratio, contributing little to enrichment of the nitrogen-limited salt marsh. Groundwater carries over 20 times the amount of nutrients brought in by rain. The nitrogen provided by both sources is more than enough to support annual plant growth. Inputs of nitrogen by groundwater are therefore important to the nitrogen economy of a salt marsh. About half the dissolved inorganic nitrogen brought into the marsh by groundwater is converted to and exported as PN. The marsh thus transforms the nitrogen that would have been used by primary producers into a form suitable for consumers such as shellfish. Large amounts of apparently refractory DON enter the marsh in groundwater and similar amounts are exported by tides. PC exported to coastal water is equivalent to 40% of the net annual production of Spartina alterniflora, the dominant marsh plant.
Palmitoylations on Murine Coronavirus Spike Proteins Are Essential for Virion Assembly and Infectivity

Coronavirus spike (S) proteins are palmitoylated at several cysteine residues clustered near their transmembrane-spanning domains. This is achieved by cellular palmitoyl acyltransferases (PATs), which can modify newly synthesized S proteins before they are assembled into virion envelopes at the intermediate compartment of the exocytic pathway. To address the importance of these fatty acylations to coronavirus infection, we exposed infected cells to 2-bromopalmitate (2-BP), a specific PAT inhibitor. 2-BP profoundly reduced the specific infectivities of murine coronaviruses at very low, nontoxic doses that were inert to alphavirus and rhabdovirus infections. 2-BP effected only two- to fivefold reductions in S palmitoylation, yet this correlated with reduced S complexing with virion membrane (M) proteins and consequent exclusion of S from virions. At defined 2-BP doses, underpalmitoylated S proteins instead trafficked to infected cell surfaces and elicited cell-cell membrane fusions, suggesting that the acyl chain adducts are more critical to virion assembly than to S-induced syncytial developments. These studies involving pharmacologic inhibition of S protein palmitoylation were complemented with molecular genetic analyses in which cysteine acylation substrates were mutated. Notably, some mutations (C1347F and C1348S) did not interfere with S incorporation into virions, indicating that only a subset of the cysteine-rich region provides the essential S-assembly functions. However, the C1347F/C1348S mutant viruses exhibited relatively low specific infectivities, similar to virions secreted from 2-BP-treated cultures. Our collective results indicate that the palmitate adducts on coronavirus S proteins are necessary in assembly and also in positioning the assembled envelope proteins for maximal infectivity.
On the moral hazard problem without the first-order approach☆

Abstract We study the moral hazard problem without the first-order approach or other common structure. We present sufficient conditions under which the shadow value of simultaneously tightening the minimum payment and individual rationality constraints has a simple and intuitive expression. We then show how this expression can be used to perform comparative statics exercises in which we study (i) the effect of a change in the agentʼs wealth on the well-being of the principal; and (ii) the effects of the outside option and minimum payment on the effort level optimally implemented.
Feasibility Study of a Two-Mile Superconducting Linac

Assuming that investigations now underway will result in superconducting accelerator structures capable of withstanding gradients of 33 MeV/m, a feasibility study of a two-mile 100 GeV superconducting electron linac with 6% duty cycle has been made at frequencies of 1428 and 2856 MHz. Tentative machine parameters and the preliminary design of components and systems have been examined. These studies are based upon a traveling-wave accelerator structure with RF feedback in each 20-ft section.
The changing face of cancer care: evolution to a collaborative model.

Oncology has never been more exciting, or more challenging. At long last, the fruits of many years of labor in research investigating the basic science of cancer are being realized through genomic-based diagnostics and therapeutics as well as through highly active, novel immunotherapy. At the same time, the cost of medical care has skyrocketed, with cancer costs leading the way. In fact, the cost of care per patient with cancer exceeds that of all other medical conditions. Given the aging of the US population and the number of people diagnosed with cancer, this clinical burden adds up to a very large healthcare bill. Serious questions abound regarding whether the money is being spent wisely and whether value is being delivered. Certainly, the delivery of cancer care has room for improvement, and this improvement can increase the quality of care and reduce the cost of care. The Institute of Medicine has estimated that up to 30% of our nation's healthcare spending is wasteful.1 Most of this waste is in areas of low-value, redundant, or futile care.1 It is safe to say that similar waste occurs in oncology care. For example, the cost is often lower for newly diagnosed patients as opposed to patients with recurrent disease, especially those in the last 6 to 12 months of life. Indeed, there is a disproportionate increase in hospitalization costs for symptoms of advanced malignancy at the end of life. Hospice services clearly reduce this pattern of care, and hospice use has increased. Still, almost half of all hospice-appropriate patients with cancer never receive this service.2–4 The cost of novel agents to treat cancer has become front-page news. Many of the new medications recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration are targeted for subsets of patients with a specific molecular marker. Many of these agents are also oral, and cost more than $100,000 annually. At the June 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology annual meeting, novel immunotherapies to treat melanoma, a notoriously difficult cancer to treat, generated tremendous excitement. It has been theorized that these novel agents will be used in combination and may actually cure a subset of patients—but with a projected price tag of close to $200,000 for an average course of treatment. So how can we ensure that we offer these highly active therapies to our patients, while confronting the challenges of uneven quality and uncontrolled costs of care?
A Geosolitary Wave Solution on an f Plane

Abstract This paper presents an exact solution for nonlinear shallow-water waves on an f plane. It is a long wave satisfying the hydrostatic balance. It is also a solitary wave maintained by the balance of a dispersion effect of Coriolis force and the nonlinear effect of advection and finite wave amplitude. It satisfies the conservation of potential vorticity. It has a negative wave height, a negative (positive) relative vorticity in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere, and a propagation speed smaller than that of the shallow-water wave. It propagates upstream, as a consequence of the conservation of potential vorticity, with a speed of (1 − |a|/h)[gh(1 − |a|/h)]1/2, where a is the wave height (a < 0). The trough of the surface elevation is a singular point where the first-order derivative approaches infinity. However, the region of this singularity is very small for such a wave on earth. For instance, with a 1-m amplitude, the horizontal length scale of the wave is several hundred kilometers but the large...
Moisture Reduction Factors for Shear Strength of Unsaturated Reinforced Embankments

AbstractThis paper describes the construction and testing of six 1-m-high model embankments constructed at three different gravimetric water content (GWC) values to study their performance and to validate a set of moisture reduction factors (MRFs) introduced by the authors in their recent studies. The earlier MRF values were obtained from a series of pullout and interface shear tests on the same soil and reinforcement materials. The MRF in this study is defined as the ratio of soil-reinforcement interface shear strength at an increased GWC value [e.g., optimum moisture content (OMC) + 2%] to the shear strength at OMC − 2% representing construction conditions. Therefore, MRF values can be used to account for an anticipated reduction in the shear strength of the soil-geotextile reinforcement interface caused by wetting in the stability analysis and design of reinforced soil structures constructed with marginal soils. The embankment models were built using a lean clay (CL) at the GWC values ranging between O...
Heritability of factors in creative thinking and esthetic judgment.

Although the heritability of general intelligence has been the subject of much study and can be considered to be well established, the heritability of specific factors in intellectual functioning has not as yet been the object of such intense scientific inquiry. The recent work of Nichols (1965), utilizing a large sample of twins from the National Merit Scholarship testing program and employing a battery of tests measuring achievement in five different academic areas, is an excellent pioneering study. Nichols used a composite score derived from the five subtests, presuming this to be a measure of general ability, and he found that MZ twins were much more alike than DZ twins with respect to the composite score; about 70% of the variance in the composite could be attributed to heredity. The novel result of his investigation is his discovery that the specific subject areas also have significant heritability components. When the influence of the composite general ability upon subtests was removed statistically, the residual subtest scores also showed considerable heritability. A limitation of Nichols' findings is that the subtests do not offer any potential theoretical link to basic factors in mental functioning. Such measures, however, may be provided by the fundamental factor analytic explorations of Guilford and his associates during the past twenty years. Since our own interest has been in the area of creative thinking and esthetic judgment, we have restricted ourselves in the present investigation to the use of tests in those areas whose factorial classification has been studied previously.
Malleable services

Deploying distributed services over a complex network topology presents a challenge, one of mapping the objects to locations in an optimal manner. This mapping needs to be dynamic, taking current network conditions into consideration. Remapping services is manual-intensive, requires operator effort and may result in service downtime. The Mojave project described here investigates an architecture for implementing malleable (auto-configuring) services using reactive and mobile agents. In contrast to past efforts, Mojave views agents as a wrapper technology implemented over a Jini-tuplespace based architecture. The paper describes the Mojave architecture and implementation, experiences in building an adaptive systems manager application, and benefits of the Mojave architecture for thin-client computing.
Expression of the tryptophan operon in merodiploids of Escherichia coli

Under conditions of derepression,Escherichia coli K12 strains diploid for thetrp operon specify more than twice as much enzyme as a haploid. The disproportionate increase probably occurs because episomally carriedtrp genes tend to specify more enzyme than do chromosomal genes.
An Analysis on the treatment outcome of 68 cases of MDR-TB patients

Objective To analyze the treatment outcome of MDR- TB( Multidrug- resistant Tuberculosis) patients and to provide suggestions for standard management of MDR- TB patients. Methods Information of MDR- TB patients enrolled in Global Fund Multi- drug Resistant Tuberculosis Project between July 2009 and June 2010 were collected and analyzed.Results Among the 68 treated patients,44 patients were cured and 1 patient finished the course. The cure rate was66. 18%. While 5 patients died,5 patients quitted the treatment as a result of side effects. Significant differences on the cure rate were observed between patients who had relapsed and failure of treatment( P 0. 05). Conclusion The cure rate of MDR- TB needs to be improved. It is necessary to promote standard treatment and management and to improve the patient compliance.
Detecting Multivariate Gene Interactions in RNA-Seq Data Using Optimal Bayesian Classification

Differential gene expression testing is an analysis commonly applied to RNA-Seq data. These statistical tests identify genes that are significantly different across phenotypes. We extend this testing paradigm to multivariate gene interactions from a classification perspective with the goal to detect novel gene interactions for the phenotypes of interest. This is achieved through our novel computational framework comprised of a hierarchical statistical model of the RNA-Seq processing pipeline and the corresponding optimal Bayesian classifier. Through Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling and Monte Carlo integration, we compute quantities where no analytical formulation exists. The performance is then illustrated on an expression dataset from a dietary intervention study where we identify gene pairs that have low classification error yet were not identified as differentially expressed. Additionally, we have released the software package to perform OBC classification on RNA-Seq data under an open source license and is available at http://bit.ly/obc_package .
Abstract 2841: Continuous androgen receptor stimulation in thyroid cancer cells induces irreversible senescence

Cancer of the thyroid gland accounts for 3.8% of all cancer cases in the United States as indicated by the SEER report by the NCI. The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased three-fold over the last thirty years and the American Cancer Society estimates that there will be approximately 62,450 new cases and 1,950 deaths due to the disease in the country in 2015. Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy with a three-fold higher incidence in women than in men. However, PTC exhibits increased aggressiveness with poor prognosis in men diagnosed with the disease. These incongruent observations led us to explore the role of androgen and androgen receptor in this disease. We found an approximately 70% decrease in median AR expression (p Citation Format: Anvita Gupta, Melanie Jones, Timmy O’Connell, Dorota Halicka, Jiangwei Li, Hong Zhao, Augustine Moscatello, Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Raj Tiwari, Jan Geliebter. Continuous androgen receptor stimulation in thyroid cancer cells induces irreversible senescence. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2841.
Experiments in intellectual property

Perhaps more than any other area, intellectual property (IP) law is grounded in assumptions about how people behave. These assumptions involve how creators respond to incentives, how rights are licensed in markets, and how people decide whether to innovate or borrow from the culture and technologies that they see around them. Until recently, there had been little effort to validate any of these assumptions. Fortunately, the last decade has witnessed significant interest in empirically testing IP law’s foundations. This Chapter discusses the use of experimental and survey methods to understand how various features of copyright and patent law affect behavior. These methods are a valuable addition to the empirical toolkit, because they allow researchers to ask and answer questions that are not generally possible to approach with other empirical strategies. We first discuss some of the advantages of using experimental research. Then we highlight some of the findings that this research has produced in the copyright and patent fields thus far. Finally, we explore a variety of methodological issues that experimental researchers face.
In vivo myomaker-mediated heterologous fusion and nuclear reprogramming

Knowledge regarding cellular fusion and nuclear reprogramming may aid in cell therapy strategies for skeletal muscle diseases. An issue with cell therapy approaches to restore dystrophin expression in muscular dystrophy is obtaining a sufficient quantity of cells that normally fuse with muscle. Here we conferred fusogenic activity without transdifferentiation to multiple non-muscle cell types and tested dystrophin restoration in mouse models of muscular dystrophy. We previously demonstrated that myomaker, a skeletal muscle-specific transmembrane protein necessary for myoblast fusion, is sufficient to fuse 10T 1/2 fibroblasts to myoblasts in vitro. Whether myomaker-mediated heterologous fusion is functional in vivo and whether the newly introduced nonmuscle nuclei undergoes nuclear reprogramming has not been investigated. We showed that mesenchymal stromal cells, cortical bone stem cells, and tail-tip fibroblasts fuse to skeletal muscle when they express myomaker. These cells restored dystrophin expression in a fraction of dystrophin-deficient myotubes after fusion in vitro. However, dystrophin restoration was not detected in vivo although nuclear reprogramming of the muscle-specific myosin light chain promoter did occur. Despite the lack of detectable dystrophin reprogramming by immunostaining, this study indicated that myomaker could be used in nonmuscle cells to induce fusion with muscle in vivo, thereby providing a platform to deliver therapeutic material.-Mitani, Y., Vagnozzi, R. J., Millay, D. P. In vivo myomaker-mediated heterologous fusion and nuclear reprogramming.
Bibliometric analysis and quality evaluation of the papers published in Chinese Journal of Trauma from 2003 to 2007

Objective To study the related literature information of the core journal, Chinese Journal of Trauma, in 2003-2007 and evaluate its academic quality. Methods Analysis on literature information and quality evaluation were performed based on the A total of 1 708 related papers were selected from 60 issues of the journal from 2003 to 2007 to evaluate the quality of the journal in seven aspects. Re-suits (1) Average publication capacity index was 0.38 in five years. (2) The major sources of the au-thors were from medical universities or their affiliated hospitals and provincial or military medical units. (3) The major types of the papers were scientific researches, original articles and experience exchange (71.0%). (4) There were 326 grant-based projects, accounting for 35.9% of scientific researches and o-riginal articles. (5) There were average 10.2 quotations in each paper, including 72.2% of foreign docu-mentation, 27.8% Chinese documentation and 6.4% serf-citation. (6) Of all, 684 (75.3%) scientific researches and original articles applied statistical analysis. (7) Of all, 756 (87.4%) scientific researches and original articles were issued with English abstracts. Conclusion Chinese Journal of Trauma has the superiority in above seven aspects, which confirms its quality as a core journal. Key words: Core journal; Bibliometrics; Quality evaluation; Chinese Journal of Trauma
Manganese oxide particles as cytoprotective, oxygen generating agents.

Abstract Cell culture and cellular transplant therapies are adversely affected by oxidative species and radicals. Herein, we present the production of bioactive manganese oxide nanoparticles for the purpose of radical scavenging and cytoprotection. Manganese comprises the core active structure of somatic enzymes that perform the same function, in vivo . Formulated nanoparticles were characterized structurally and surveyed for maximal activity (superoxide scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging with resultant oxygen generation) and minimal cytotoxicity (48-h direct exposure to titrated manganese oxide concentrations). Cytoprotective capacity was tested using cell exposure to hydrogen peroxide in the presence or absence of the nanoparticles. Several ideal compounds were manufactured and utilized that showed complete disproportionation of superoxide produced by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction. Further, the nanoparticles showed catalase–like activity by completely converting hydrogen peroxide into the corresponding concentration of oxygen. Finally, the particles protected cells (murine β-cell insulinoma) against insult from hydrogen peroxide exposure. Based on these observed properties, these particles could be utilized to combat oxidative stress and inflammatory response in a variety of cell therapy applications. Statement of Significance Maintaining viability once cells have been removed from their physiological niche, e.g. culture and transplant, demands proper control of critical variables such as oxygenation and removal of harmful substances e.g. reactive oxygen species. Limited catalysts can transform reactive oxygen species into molecular oxygen and, thereby, have the potential to maintain cell viability and function. Among these are manganese oxide particles which are the subject of this study.
Repair of Delayed Type 1a Endoleak using Fenestrated and Parallel Endografts

Endovascular aneurysm repair has become the first-line treatment modality for infrarenal aortic aneurysms. However, obtaining successful long-term results frequently requires reinterventions. Particularly, delayed type 1a endoleaks pose a challenging problem, as they are often associated with proximal extension of the aneurysmal process to juxtarenal or pararenal aortic segments. We describe 2 remedial techniques to repair delayed type 1a endoleak by extending the seal zone to the suprarenal aorta, while incorporating the renal arteries. In the first case, a commercially available fenestrated stent graft was used. Parallel grafting technique was used in the other case. Both cases were technically successful. Follow-up imaging revealed endoleak resolution with patent renal arteries for both patients. In addition, we describe the difference between the 2 techniques, as well as relevant anatomic and device-specific considerations.
Refusal of cervical spine immobilization after blunt trauma: Implications for initial evaluation and management: A retrospective cohort study.

Abstract Introduction Rigid cervical collars are routinely placed in the pre-hospital setting after significant blunt trauma. Patients who are deemed competent by field personnel (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) ≥13, no major distracting injury and not grossly intoxicated) may refuse cervical collar placement. Material and methods A retrospective review was conducted of all adult trauma patients presenting to a Level 1 trauma center after blunt trauma with a GCS≥13 and no distracting injury or gross intoxication from January 2014 to December 2014. Pre-hospital data was collected from emergency medical service reports and hospital data from patient charts. Cervical spine injury was identified by International Classification of Disease-9th Revision codes. Patients refusing cervical spine immobilization prior to arrival are compared to those who were compliant. Results A total of 629 patients met inclusion criteria. Cervical spine immobilization was refused by 28 patients, while 601 complied. There were 16 cervical spine injuries (2.5%), with 3 (10.7%) in noncompliant patients and 13 (2.2%) among those who were complaint (p = 0.03). Conclusion The incidence of cervical spine injuries in patients refusing cervical collar immobilization is higher than in compliant patients. Patients arriving for initial evaluation having refused cervical collar immobilization should be treated with caution.
The Argument of the Phenomenology

As we saw earlier, to overcome the opposition of consciousness and to establish complete immanence of consciousness means to transcend the limitations of finite consciousness as a principle of a priori determination of objectivity and to transform the finite unity of intuition and concept into the infinite “form” of the Concept. This means that the Phenomenology must begin with a finite consciousness, and then show why and how this finite principle develops into the radical immanence of the Concept or of Absolute Knowing. Hegel’s candidate for the initial form in which finite consciousness comes on the scene is sense-certainty. But the conditions under which the Phenomenology unfolds its argument are complex. To understand this complexity, I will first look at the larger picture, i.e. the location of the Phenomenology within Hegel’s system.
Testicular double-hit lymphoma in a patient with history of follicular lymphoma with high proliferation index.

![Figure][1] A 66-year-old man with follicular lymphoma after multiple therapies presented with a retroperitoneal mass (panel A: fine needle aspirate, Diff-Quik stain, 1000× oil immersion; panels B-C: needle biopsy, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Ki-67 stains, 500× oil immersion)
Obesity is associated with larger soft-tissue sarcomas, more surgical complications, and more complex wound closures (obesity leads to larger soft-tissue sarcomas).

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Does a link exist between obesity and soft-tissue sarcoma outcomes? We hypothesized that soft-tissue sarcomas in patients with obesity may lead to larger tumors at detection, with an increased risk for a more complex surgical excision, wound healing-related complications, higher stage at presentation, and decreased survival. METHODS One hundred thirty-nine and patients with soft-tissue sarcoma were retrospectively evaluated over 10 years. Patients were divided into 2 cohorts based on the World Health Organization body mass index (BMI) obesity grouping. A BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 was classified as obese and a BMI < 30 kg/m2 was classified as nonobese. RESULTS Eighty-five nonobese and 54 obese individuals were evaluated. The median tumor diameter was 50% larger (P = .024) and the overall complication rate was 1.7-fold higher in patients with obesity (P = .0032). Patients with obesity also had a statistically significantly higher rate of complex wound closures. In multivariable logistic regression, obesity remained a highly significant factor favoring complications after the surgical treatment of soft-tissue sarcoma (odds ratio = 3.66, 95% confidence interval = 1.54-8.71; P = .0033). No statistically significant differences were noted on comparing groups for the incidence of metastatic spread or survival. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that obesity is associated with larger tumors, a higher incidence of wound complications, and greater use of complex wound-closure methods.
Introduction of Artificial Crosslinks into Proteins

In this chapter, we present a brief overview of the current status of protein crosslinking technology. An attempt is made to compare the natural crosslinks and natural crosslinking agents to the artificial ones, and a brief section is devoted to the potential use of enzymes (transglutaminase and peroxidase) as cross-linking agents in vitro. Homobifunctional (x-R-x) and heterobifunctional (x-R-y) reagents are considered in terms of the kinds of functional groups and R-groups that have been used in protein crosslinking, and some examples of reagents and applications from the recent literature are tabulated.
Recent results in recursive and nonlinear image restoration

A review of the current trends in recursive linear image restoration is presented, with emphasis on a model which unifies the different approaches.
Shaping Consumer Demand through the Use of Contingent Pricing

In this chapter I assert that revenue management techniques like contingent pricing are not merely an optimal response by firms to exogenous conditions of uncertain demand that is spread over time but that sometimes one of the aims of those techniques is to shape consumer demand in such a way as to create the conditions necessary for successful employment of intertemporal price discrimination. In this view, the interaction between a firm’s policies and the strategic response of consumers to those policies leads to consumer arrival processes that are the basis of many revenue management techniques. I consider a model with strategic consumers who can decide when to show up in the market and reveal demand. Using the example of contingent pricing, I investigate how consumers’ awareness of the use of contingent pricing affects their decisions regarding when to show up in the market and how, in turn, consumers’ responses should affect the firm’s use of contingent pricing. I identify the conditions under which it is optimal for the firm to use contingent pricing to induce consumers to arrive at different times in the market. Implications for the design and use of contingent pricing and for public policy are explored.
Light Scattering with Laser Sources

When light passes through matter weak random scattered radiation appears. In the early 16th Century, Leonardo da Vinci prophetically suggested scattering by particles of air as the explanation for the blueness of the sky. This idea was pursued by many scientists including Newton and Tyndall who tried with only limited success to identify the particles responsible for the scattering. Lord Rayleigh[1] following a suggestion by Maxwell, finally proved that the air molecules themselves were responsible for the blueness of the sky. After three centuries of thought, a correct and unambiguous explanation to all known properties of scattering—frequency dependence, critical opalescence, index of refraction, etc. —became a reality. Then came the anti-climax that usually follows the insertion of the last jagged piece in a jig-saw puzzle: most physicists turned their attention elsewhere.
The Responsibility of Black Political Scientist to the Black Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Community

The paper is inspired by the seminal work, “Responsibility of Black Political Scientist to the Black Community,” by Mack Jones. Despite the recent gains by the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community, black LGBT individuals and families continue to face high levels of violence and discrimination that are thwarting their quest for equality. Unfortunately, this quest for equality by the black LGBT community has failed to garner full support of the larger black community. Thus, this paper, explores the issues that are preventing the black LGBT community from gaining equality, particularly in the areas of education, income, and the criminal justice system. Additionally, the study examines the role that black political scientist play in the black LGBT communities quest for full equality and provides the foundation for a framework by which to help the black LGBT community not only obtain full equality but form a collation with the larger black community that will increase the political power for the black community as a whole.
Evidence for the reliability and preliminary validity of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale v1.1 (ASRS v1.1) Screener in an adolescent community sample

OBJECTIVES There is a need for brief and publicly-available assessments of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) easily administered in large-scale survey efforts monitoring symptoms among adolescents. The ADHD Self-Report Scale v1.1 (ASRS; Kessler et al., 2005) Screener, a six-item measure of ADHD symptoms, is a valid and reliable screening instrument for ADHD among adults. The current study provides initial evidence for the reliability and validity of the ASRS Screener among a community sample of U.S. adolescents. METHODS Middle and high school students in grades 6 through 12 (N = 2,472) completed the ASRS Screener, along with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 2001) and several questions about school functioning. RESULTS The ASRS Screener demonstrated good internal consistency, with items captured by a single underlying latent variable, which was invariant across subsamples differing by gender. The ASRS Screener scores were associated with the SDQ subscale measuring hyperactivity/inattention (r = 0.58) and significantly less strongly associated with other SDQ subscale scores (r = -0.15-0.41). The ASRS Screener scores were also significantly associated with student-reported school functioning. CONCLUSION Findings suggest directions for future research and provide preliminary support for use of the ASRS Screener as a brief tool for identifying symptoms of ADHD among adolescents.
Speaking of Profit: Bao Shichen and Reform in Nineteenth-Century China

Bao Shichen (1775–1855) was an unconventional scholar in early nineteenth-century China. He had never succeeded in the highest level of the civil service examinations and only served briefly as a l...
SOXopathies: Growing Family of Developmental Disorders Due to SOX Mutations.

The SRY-related (SOX) transcription factor family pivotally contributes to determining cell fate and identity in many lineages. Since the original discovery that SRY deletions cause sex reversal, mutations in half of the 20 human SOX genes have been associated with rare congenital disorders, henceforward called SOXopathies. Mutations are generally de novo, heterozygous, and inactivating, revealing gene haploinsufficiency, but other types, including duplications, have been reported too. Missense variants primarily target the HMG domain, the SOX hallmark that mediates DNA binding and bending, nuclear trafficking, and protein–protein interactions. We here review key clinical and molecular features of SOXopathies and discuss the prospect that the disease family likely involves more SOX genes and larger clinical and genetic spectrums than currently appreciated.
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a patient with fulminant pulmonary embolism refractory to intraarrest thrombolysis

Introduction:A fulminant pulmonary embolism is a potentially reversible cause of cardiac arrest with a reported mortality rate of up to 95%. Therapeutic strategies for fulminant pulmonary embolism ...
A Psychological Exploration of the Experience of Acting

The work of actors involves realistically enacting the lives and personalities of fictional characters. Despite society’s deep fascination with actors, there has been very little psychological rese...
Building the necropolis through time and space: racial capitalist forces in the disciplinary alternative school

The critiques levied at exclusionary school discipline practices like suspensions and expulsions, are at their core, about time and space – based in concerns over how youth are spending their time,...
Numerical Study of Paramagnetic Elliptical Microparticles in Curved Channels and Uniform Magnetic Fields

We numerically investigated the dynamics of a paramagnetic elliptical particle immersed in a low Reynolds number Poiseuille flow in a curved channel and under a uniform magnetic field by direct numerical simulation. A finite element method, based on an arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian approach, analyzed how the channel geometry, the strength and direction of the magnetic field, and the particle shape affected the rotation and radial migration of the particle. The net radial migration of the particle was analyzed after executing a π rotation and at the exit of the curved channel with and without a magnetic field. In the absence of a magnetic field, the rotation is symmetric, but the particle-wall distance remains the same. When a magnetic field is applied, the rotation of symmetry is broken, and the particle-wall distance increases as the magnetic field strength increases. The causation of the radial migration is due to the magnetic angular velocity caused by the magnetic torque that constantly changes directions during particle transportation. This research provides a method of magnetically manipulating non-spherical particles on lab-on-a-chip devices for industrial and biological applications.
Emulating AC OPF solvers for Obtaining Sub-second Feasible, Near-Optimal Solutions.

Using machine learning to obtain solutions to AC optimal power flow has recently been a very active area of research due to the astounding speedups that result from bypassing traditional optimization techniques. However, generally ensuring feasibility of the resulting predictions while maintaining these speedups is a challenging, unsolved problem. In this paper, we train a neural network to emulate an iterative solver in order to cheaply and approximately iterate towards the optimum. Once we are close to convergence, we then solve a power flow to obtain an overall AC-feasible solution. Results shown for networks up to 1,354 buses indicate the proposed method is capable of finding feasible, near-optimal solutions to AC OPF in milliseconds on a laptop computer. In addition, it is shown that the proposed method can find "difficult" AC OPF solutions that cause flat-start or DC-warm started algorithms to diverge. Lastly, we show that for larger networks, the learning-based solution finds approximate solutions to AC OPF faster than it takes to find a solution to DC OPF, with a smaller optimality gap than DC OPF provides, and without the AC infeasibility of DC OPF.
Fragmentation of Heat-Strengthened Glass: Implications for Glass Not Conforming to ASTM C1048

Heat-strengthened glass with residual surface compressive stresses above those allowed by ASTM C1048 was installed in a curtain wall in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. To address building ownership’s concerns regarding postbreakage glass fallout, fragmentation tests were performed using a protocol adapted from EN 1863. Consistent with previous research, no significant difference in fragmentation was noted between samples with residual surface compressive stresses conforming to ASTM C1048 and those with residual surface compressive stresses well beyond the established ASTM limits. Simplistic analyses revealed that, under certain modes of failure, risk of glass fallout is comparable for conforming and nonconforming heat-strengthened glass. The completed testing also has implications for glass quality control processes.
What Our Waiting Rooms Will Look Like: The New Normal

The article examines the management strategies implemented at the New York University (NYU) Langone Health Department of Radiology during the COVID-19 pandemic Topics discussed include the use of electronic mail (email) newsletters and group Zoom video calls, among others, as communication modes for employees, responsibilities of the multidisciplinary committees created by NYU Langone Health, and efforts of its leaders to ensure patient and staff protection against virus transmission
Time Series Modeling of Chicago Particulates

A time series model of total suspended particulates for Chicago between 1964 and 1978 is derived from monthly data on particulates and enactment data of pollution control laws. The model estimated provides a means of testing the effectiveness of pollution control laws and also of predicting the results of easing such laws. Statistical analysis of the derived model indicates that existing laws have lowered and equilibrated particulate matter and points to as yet unknown periodic particulate sources as possible foci of future control laws.