cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs): Incidence and recent trend toward improved survival

4584 Background: PETs (islet cell tumors) are uncommon and often indolent tumors, but little is known about the incidence of PETs in the US and trends in survival. Methods: The SEER registry was us...
The Renal Biopsy in Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract The renal biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis, therapeutic management, and outcome prediction in patients with renal parenchymal disease. The indications for a renal biopsy in evaluation of proteinuria, microscopic hematuria, renal manifestations of systemic disease, and unexplained acute kidney injury are discussed. The utility of renal biopsy in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is less defined. Given higher risk of complications and a lower chance of diagnostic or therapeutic success in CKD, the risk–benefit analysis in the context of clinical setting is of utmost importance. Percutaneous renal biopsy is the most widely accepted approach to obtaining renal tissue. Absolute and relative contraindications to the percutaneous approach are discussed. Alternative methods such as transvenous or an open renal biopsy can be used as substitute in high risk patients. Finally, the spectrum of minor and major complications and associated risk factors are explored.
Sensitivity analysis of area-wide, mobile source emission factors to high-emitter vehicles in Los Angeles

Abstract The absolute principal component scores (APCS) model was applied to on-road, background-adjusted measurements of NOx, CO, CO2, black carbon (BC), and particle number (PN) obtained from a continuously moving platform deployed during 16 afternoon sampling periods in Los Angeles, CA. High-emitter biasing observations were separated from the vehicle fleet population based on a sensitivity analysis of different a priori screening values of the ratio of CO to CO2. A BC/PN-rich feature consistent with heavy-duty vehicle exhaust, and a separate CO/CO2-rich feature consistent with light-duty vehicle exhaust, described 66% of the variance of the observations. We used bootstrapped APCS model predictions to estimate area-wide, average fuel-based emission factors and their respective 95% confidence limits. If no screening was used, we obtained incongruous average emission factors relative to recent field studies for NOx, CO, BC and PN (5.1, 2.0, 0.13 g/kg, and 1.0 × 10^15 particles/kg for heavy-duty vehicles, and 2.0, 111, 0.023 g/kg, and 0.09 × 10^15 particles/kg for light-duty vehicles, respectively). However, if reasonable a priori screening values were applied, which differentiate measurements reflecting high-emitter outliers, average emission factors for NOx, CO, BC and PN (12.8, 4.0, 0.37 g/kg, and 2.6 × 10^15 particles/kg for heavy-duty vehicles, and 1.5, 40.9, 0.004 g/kg, and 0.08 × 10^15 particles/kg for light-duty vehicles, respectively) were consistent with previous estimates based on remote sensing, vehicle chase studies, and recent dynamometer tests.
A Comparison of Machine Learning Tools for Early Prediction of Sepsis from ICU Data

We explore the efficacy of modern machine learning methods for the task of modeling sepsis progression. We applied a novel imputation and feature selection scheme based on signal processing technology and our medical expertise. We compared the performance of several approaches including neural networks, sparse quantile regression, and baseline classification algorithms such as random forest and SVMs. Among all the experimented methods, CNN-LSTM neural network performed the best with the full test utility score of the challenge being 0.076. We conclude that the application of neural network, random forest, sparse quantile regression, neighborhood algorithms, and naive Bayes classifiers yields superior performance with respect to accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. [Team: Sepsis ReSepsion]
Focus Detection Using Spatial Release From Masking

Individuals are often subjected to environments where multiple conversations occur simultaneously. In these situations, most hearing-abled individuals are able to focus on the auditory stimulus of their choice by filtering out other present auditory stimuli. This ability is also referred to as ‘The Cocktail Party Effect’. Unfortunately, this ability is not yet applicable for people who use assistive listening devices or digital communications devices to communicate with more than one individual [1]. In this study, Spatial Release from Masking techniques are used within the context of its influence on Speech Intelligibility. A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system was used to take electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, through noninvasive methods, for machine learning classification training. The goal of using EEG signals to train a machine learning classifier is to find a model that can accurately predict if a subject is listening to a particular auditory stimulus in the presence of multiple auditory stimuli. A similar study has been conducted before but without the use of machine learning for data processing [2].
Commercial genetic testing for type 2 polysaccharide storage myopathy and myofibrillar myopathy does not correspond to a histopathological diagnosis.

Author(s): Valberg, Stephanie J; Finno, Carrie J; Henry, Marisa L; Schott, Melissa; Velez-Irizarry, Deborah; Peng, Sichong; McKenzie, Erica C; Petersen, Jessica L | Abstract: BackgroundCommercial genetic tests for type 2 polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM2) and myofibrillar myopathy (MFM) have not been validated by peer-review, and formal regulation of veterinary genetic testing is lacking.ObjectivesTo compare genotype and allele frequencies of commercial test variants (P variants) in MYOT (P2; rs1138656462), FLNC (P3a; rs1139799323), FLNCn(P3b; rs1142918816) and MYOZ3n(P4; rs1142544043) between Warmblood (WB) and Arabian (AR) horses diagnosed with PSSM2/MFM by muscle histopathology, and phenotyped breed-matched controls. To quantify variant frequency in public repositories of ancient and modern horse breeds.Study designCross sectional using archived clinical material and publicly available data.MethodsWe studied 54 control-WB, 68 PSSM2/MFM-WB, 30 control-AR, 30 PSSM2/MFM-AR and 205 public genotypes. Variants were genotyped by pyrosequencing archived DNA. Genotype and allele frequency, and number of variant alleles or loci were compared within breed between controls, PSSM2/MFM combined and MFM or PSSM2 horses considered separately using additive/genotypic and dominant models (Fisher's exact tests). Variant frequencies in modern, early domestic and Przewalski horses were determined from a public data repository.ResultsThere was no significant association between any P locus and a histopathological diagnosis of PSSM2/MFM, and no difference between control and myopathic horses in total loci with alternative alleles, or total alternate alleles when PSSM2/MFM was considered combined or separately as PSSM2 or MFM. For all tests, sensitivity wasnl0.33. Allele frequencies in WB (controls/cases) were: 8%/15% (P2), 5%/6% (P3a/b) and 9%/13% (P4); in AR, frequencies were: 12%/17% (P2), 2%/2% (P3a/b) and 7%/12% (P4). All P variants were present in early domestic (400- to 5500-year-old) horses and P2 present in the Przewalski.ConclusionsBecause of the lack of significant association between a histopathological diagnosis of PSSM2 or MFM and the commercial genetic test variants P2, P3 and P4 in WB and AR, we cannot recommend the use of these variant genotypes for selection and breeding, prepurchase examination or diagnosis of a myopathy.
The Newspaper Navigator Dataset: Extracting Headlines and Visual Content from 16 Million Historic Newspaper Pages in Chronicling America

Chronicling America is a product of the National Digital Newspaper Program, a partnership between the Library of Congress and the National Endowment for the Humanities to digitize historic American newspapers. Over 16 million pages have been digitized to date, complete with high-resolution images and machine-readable METS/ALTO OCR. Of considerable interest to Chronicling America users is a semantified corpus, complete with extracted visual content and headlines. To accomplish this, we introduce a visual content recognition model trained on bounding box annotations collected as part of the Library of Congress's Beyond Words crowdsourcing initiative and augmented with additional annotations including those of headlines and advertisements. We describe our pipeline that utilizes this deep learning model to extract 7 classes of visual content: headlines, photographs, illustrations, maps, comics, editorial cartoons, and advertisements, complete with textual content such as captions derived from the METS/ALTO OCR, as well as image embeddings. We report the results of running the pipeline on 16.3 million pages from the Chronicling America corpus and describe the resulting Newspaper Navigator dataset, the largest dataset of extracted visual content from historic newspapers ever produced. The Newspaper Navigator dataset, finetuned visual content recognition model, and all source code are placed in the public domain for unrestricted re-use.
Ecological Conversion as Conversion to the Child: Becoming Caregivers, Becoming Childlike

In an age of environmental crisis, ecological theologians call for the “ecological conversion” of humanity. This article, a work of practical theology, plays on the grammatical ambiguity of Mark 10:15, in which disciples are told to “receive the kingdom as a child,” to argue that ecological conversion is a twofold conversion to the child. One conversion is a turn to the well-being of children in an age of climate crisis, which involves an adult personal transformation into the role of caregiver—and thus greater maturity. The other conversion is a recovery of certain childlike capacities, including presence in the moment, interdependence in relationship, urgency, animism, and love of the small. The article draws on Pope Francis’ encyclical Laudato Si’, discussions of childhood by the nineteenth-century Protestant theologian Friedrich Schleiermacher, and contemporary explorations of children and childhood, including the author's own experience of caregiving with children.
Quantum process inference for a single-qubit Maxwell demon

While quantum measurement theories are built around density matrices and observables, the laws of thermodynamics are based on processes such as the ones used in heat engines and refrigerators. The study of quantum thermodynamics fuses these two distinct paradigms. In this article, we highlight the usage of quantum process matrices as a unified language for describing thermodynamic processes in the quantum regime. We experimentally demonstrate this in the context of a quantum Maxwell demon, where two major quantities are commonly investigated: the average work extraction $\ensuremath{\langle}W\ensuremath{\rangle}$ and the efficacy $\ensuremath{\gamma}$, which measures how efficiently the feedback operation uses the obtained information. Using the tool of quantum process matrices, we develop optimal feedback protocols for these two quantities and experimentally investigate them in a superconducting circuit QED setup.
An Anabaptist-Mennonite Perspective of Intimate Partner Violence

A distinctively Anabaptist-Mennonite (A-M) approach to intimate partner violence (IPV) is presented, based on the ideals of nonviolent peacemaking, forgiveness, and reconciliation. These same ideals undergirded the first formal restorative justice (RJ) practice and continue to guide the restorative vision. The use of RJ practices as a response to IPV is controversial, as is the role of forgiveness and the related constructs of repentance and reconciliation in IPV intervention. The tension between A-M belief and practice, RJ, and IPV is explored. A parallel is drawn between RJ practices and conjoint clinical interventions for IPV. Proponents of RJ practices and conjoint interventions are united by the goal of improving the effectiveness of treatment for IPV, for both offenders and victims. RJ practices and conjoint interventions appear to be useful adjunctive approaches for some narrowly defined instances of IPV. When grounded in careful evidence-based assessment, and when used in coordination with traditional clinical and criminal justice approaches, a more comprehensive and effective treatment approach to alleviating IPV seems possible.
A decade of dome growth at Mount St. Helens, 1980-90

The growth of the dacite dome at Mount St. Helens between 1980 and 1986 has been more intensively studied than that of any other dome-building eruption. The growth has been complex in detail, but remarkably regular overall. This paper summarizes some of what has been learned and provides many references to additional information. Whether dome building has ended is an open question, particularly in view of the renewed, though minor, explosive activity of late 1989 and early 1990.
Cryobiology of Neurospora crassa. II. Alteration in freeze response of Neurospora crassa conidia by additives.

Abstract Neurospora crassa conidia in aqueous suspensions were frozen and thawed in the presence of various agents. Colony counts with these treatments were compared with those of the following (a) unfrozen, agent-treated, (b) unfrozen water suspended, and (c) frozen, water suspended. It was found that dimethyl sulfoxide (0.5–20%) resulted in total protection against freeze damage. Glycerol and calcium chloride decreased survival as much as 90% with fast freeze. The latter agents have properties which should decrease the rate of outflow of cellular water during temperature lowering. The results are consistent with the proposal that intracellular ice crystal growth to membrane rupturing dimensions is the damaging freeze mechanism under these conditions.
Polarization Preserving Single Mode Fiber Optic Coupler

A technique is described for fabrication of etched single mode fiber optical waveguide couplers which preserve the polarization state to within 10–4. The coupling ratio is tunable over a broad range (0–90%) during fabrication. Back-coupling is less than 10–3, insertion loss is less than 1.5 dB, and coupling ratio thermal coefficient is about 1% per degree C.
Empirical study of relationship value in industrial services

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assist industrial service providers in building relationships that maximize value to their customers. The study aims to add to relationship value research by examining its dimensions, antecedents, outcomes, and cross‐culture relevance.Design/methodology/approach – Using structural equation modeling, the study examines the influence that relationship value has on commitment and intentions, as well as the determinants of value encompassing the core offering, sourcing process and buyer operations. The sample covers 42 countries for cross‐cultural perspectives.Findings – By understanding the factors creating relationship value, providers are more likely to build enduring relationships with their buyers. Findings confirm that commitment and intentions are influenced by relationship value, which, in turn, is impacted by benefits such as performance, efficiency, and reliability as well as comparative costs and switching costs.Research limitations/implications – The study...
CKD surveillance using laboratory data from the population-based National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Surveillance for chronic kidney disease (CKD) using nationally representative samples of the US population is central in providing information about the magnitude and trends in CKD burden that will guide disease management and prevention planning for clinicians and public health authorities. We used a cross-sectional study design to estimate the change in prevalence of CKD over time by using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. NHANES III (1988-1994) included 15,488 participants and NHANES rounds 1999-2004 included 13,233 participants older than 20 years with serum creatinine measurements who were examined in a mobile examination center. Early stages of CKD were defined by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated by using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio following the classification system established by the National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative. Moderately decreased GFR increased in prevalence from 5.4% to 7.7% ( P P = 0.02) from 1988-1994 to 1999-2004. Within CKD stage 3, 18.6% ± 1.6% (SE) of individuals should be referred to a nephrologist following a proposed set of criteria for referral; referral rates were highest for individuals with diabetes and lower in whites compared with other race-ethnicity groups. These survey data suggest that the prevalence of CKD has increased between 1988-1994 and 1999-2004. Surveillance for early stages of CKD (stages 1 to 4) should monitor these and other trends.
Limitations of the Scientific Method in Management Science

The scientists who have suggested improvements of the techniques of managerial analysis and decision making through the application of the “scientific method” have called attention to a worthwhile and important goal. Their proposals are bound to initiate a process of self-analysis and re-appraisal of the current methodical foundations of managerial policies. But the challenge in itself---even if made in a very determined manner---is no proof of its correctness and adequacy though this seems to be the opinion of some of the challengers. In order to arrive at a final conclusion it is essential to determine whether the scientific method is as applicable and valuable in the managerial field as it has proven to be in the physical sciences. The basic assumptions and procedures of the scientific method must be examined as a prerequisite for such a determination. No comprehensive analysis of such a broad problem is possible within the scope of this paper. The presentation will have to be restricted to a few characteristic examples to indicate the fundamental trends. Much more work will have to be done as a preliminary for reaching results which may be widely accepted. The principal purpose is to encourage such work.
The Third Side? The Multipolar Strategic Triangle and the Sino-Indian Rapprochement

In a move aimed at balancing America's position in the unipolar international system, Russian Foreign Minister Primakov proposed the formation of a “strategic triangle” of Russia, China, and India to serve as the foundation of global multipolarity. Such plans were stymied by a number of factors. The most important of these was the poor relationship between India and China. Without closer ties between these two powers, the “third side” of the strategic triangle would be impossible. However, the recent rapprochement between India and China has resuscitated the possibilities of the strategic triangle. This article examines the future of the strategic triangle in light of improving Sino-Indian relations. India and China can together reshape the world order. Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh 1
Theory of high-temperature phase transitions in actinide oxides

Abstract A theory of phase transitions in actinide oxides which includes the effects of both Frenkel and Schottky defects has been developed. Coulomb interaction between charged defects and its effects on both defect formation energy and configurational entropy have been shown to be key factors in describing the phase transition. This simple model accounts for most of the experimental information available but predicts lower defect concentrations than have been observed in recent neutron-scattering experiments. An extended treatment which should account for that effect as well is suggested.
Microalgae flocculation: Impact of flocculant type, algae species and cell concentration

Abstract Flocculation is an effective means of de-watering microalgae. This study was conducted to evaluate how cell type and concentration impact flocculation efficiency. Aluminum sulfate (Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ) and two cationic starches with degree of substitutions of 0.5 and 0.2 (DS05 and DS02) were used to flocculate cells of Scenedesmus spp., Chlamydomonas reinhardtii , and Schizochytrium limacinum at three cell concentrations. The amount of cells flocculated per mg of flocculant used was 4–28 times greater with the modified starches than with Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . The maximum amount of cells flocculated per mg of flocculant was the greatest for S. limacinum (414 mg cells/mg DS05 and 25.6 mg cells/mg Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ), which had a surface zeta potential of − 9.97 mV. The flocs produced by the starches were more concentrated in cells and less prone to disruption than those produced with Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 . In general, at high cell concentrations the mass of cells flocculated per unit mass of DS05 and Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 increased for all algae species. Cationic starches, especially those with high degree of substitution, provide an efficient and ecologically friendly way to harvest microalgae for biofuel production. This study achieved the goal of evaluating important factors and conditions that are unique for a particular algae production system in order to most efficiently harvest microalgae by flocculation.
A Comparative Study: Completion of Fine Motor Office Related Tasks by High School Students with Autism Using Video Models on Large and Small Screen Sizes

The purpose of this investigation was to compare fine motor task completion when using video models presented on a smaller screen size (Personal Digital Assistant) compared to a larger laptop screen size. The investigation included four high school students with autism spectrum disorders and mild to moderate intellectual disabilities and used an adapted alternating treatments design with baseline, extended baseline, comparison, and final treatment conditions. Results showed that although independent completion of fine motor office related tasks increased under both procedures, use of video models on the larger screen resulted in a higher percentage of correct responses across all four students.
MELD: Which Patients Fall Through the Cracks?

In 2002, the use of the MELD scoring system was adopted as the primary means of determining the priority of patients listed for liver transplantation. Implementation of the MELD system has changed the face of organ allocation for livers and as a result, overall waitlist times along with pre- and post-transplant mortality for patients with significant liver disease have declined. Although the MELD accurately predicts mortality in most patients with end stage liver disease, it may not adequately risk stratify some patients who have a high risk of morbidity and mortality not reflected in the score. Automatic exception points are granted for a subset of conditions if candidates meet agreed upon criteria. However, even within this framework, there are some at risk patients who will be missed. Herein we review conditions associated with increased mortality and morbidity that are not reflected in the MELD score and reflect on the issues which arise when considering allocation of organs to these patients.
Implementing a ketogenic diet based on medium-chain triglyceride oil in pediatric patients with cancer

Abstract Traditionally, a ketogenic diet is given to drug-resistant children with epilepsy to improve seizure control. Inducing a ketogenic state in patients with cancer may be a useful adjunct to cancer treatment by affecting tumor glucose metabolism and growth while maintaining the patient's nutritional status. A ketogenic diet consisting of 60% medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil, 20% protein, 10% carbohydrate, and 10% other dietary fats was provided to a select group of pediatric patients with advanced-stage cancer to test the effects of dietary-induced ketosis on tumor glucose metabolism. Issues of tolerance and compliance for patients consuming an oral diet (consisting of normal table foods and daily MCT oil "shakes") and for patients receiving an enteral formula are reviewed. Preliminary use of the MCT oil-based diet suggests a potential in pediatric patients with cancer. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995; 95:693-697 .
Low incidence of adverse events following varenicline initiation among opioid dependent smokers with comorbid psychiatric illness

Background Most drug treatment patients smoke cigarettes, yet few data exist on the prevalence and outcomes of varenicline treatment among smokers with comorbid substance use and psychiatric disorders.
A Review of User Involvement in Information System Projects

In this study the authors provide a comprehensive literature survey of user involvement in information system projects. Specifically, the authors document and summarize user involvement by identifying studies that investigate user roles and activities, selection of users, type of communications used, and timing and level of their involvement. The authors review papers that employed various research methods and empirical studies whose models incorporated moderating and mediating factors, longitudinal studies, focus groups and case studies. The authors document the conditions favoring selected topics, models and metrics as well as highlight the contradicting results not supporting user involvement. This study constitutes an initial and systematic documentation of user involvement in information system projects and presents the opportunity to further improve the research in this subject area by leveraging findings and limitations of the current literature.
Limitations of Barium Enema Performed as an Adjunct to Incomplete Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy is believed to be inadequate in 4 to 24 percent of procedures. Barium enema often is utilized to complete the examination. In radiology literature, a successful barium enema in this setting requires only that the cecum has been reached. In this study, completion barium enema was assessed for both completeness and quality of proximal visualization. The charts of 16,216 patients undergoing colonoscopy at Saint Vincent Health Center from July 1995 to July 2003 were reviewed to identify patients who underwent barium enema within six months of an incomplete colonoscopy. Incomplete colonoscopies were audited for history of previous abdominal/pelvic surgery, level of colon attained, and apparent reasons for failure. Corresponding barium enema reports were evaluated in a similar fashion. In 485 patients (2.9 percent), colonoscopy was incomplete. One hundred eighteen patients underwent barium enema after incomplete colonoscopy. In these patients, sharp angulation (42 percent) or redundancy/looping (31 percent) most often limited endoscopy. Among the barium enema studies, 91 (77 percent) were technically adequate. Twenty-seven studies were suboptimal (poor preparation/intolerance = 7, redundancy = 6, poor filling = 6, stricture/narrowing = 6, severe diverticulosis = 2). Two patients demonstrated additional polyps. There was no correlation between reasons for endoscopic failure and inadequacy of barium enema. Completeness of barium enema was not affected by previous pelvic surgery. Immediate barium enema was no less complete than a delayed study. The reliability of barium enema after incomplete colonoscopy is less than previously reported.
Antilymphocyte autoantibodies generate T cell-C4d signatures in systemic lupus erythematosus.

T cells bearing C4d, a complement activation product (CAP), have been shown to be highly sensitive and specific as diagnostic biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). T cells bearing C4d are also functionally abnormal, suggesting a role for cell-bound CAPs in lupus pathogenesis. However, the mechanism responsible for generation of T-C4d has not been determined. The purpose of this cross-sectional and prospective study was to investigate the potential role of anti–T-cell autoantibodies in the generation of the T cell-bound C4d (T-C4d) signatures in SLE. Briefly, T cells from patients with SLE (n = 326), patients with other inflammatory diseases (n = 185), and healthy controls (n = 48) were characterized for surface deposition of either or both of C4d and immunoglobulin (Ig) by flow cytometry. In vitro phenotype transfer experiments were performed to characterize Ig from patients with SLE for the capacity to generate T-C4d signatures in vitro. The results demonstrate that individual patients with SLE harbor specific signatures reflecting the presence of either or both of C4d and Ig on their T cells and T-cell subsets. In addition, SLE patient-specific signatures can be transferred in vitro to normal T cells by exposure to Ig purified from the signature donor. Complement activation does not proceed through the generation of C5b-9 (membrane attack complex) or cellular lysis, and T-C4d does not correlate with lymphopenia. In conclusion, these results suggest that patient-specific T-C4d signatures are generated by anti–T-cell autoantibodies that trigger sublytic complement activation, a previously unrecognized pathway in lupus pathogenesis.
Effect of Anionic Gums on the Texture of Pickled Frankfurters

The addition of the anionic gums, xanthan and carrageenan, stabilized the texture of frankfurter emulsions against acid deterioration at 37°C in vinegar pickle. The proteins collagen, casein, and gluten, and the gums guar, arabic, and locust bean had no effect. The cationic gum, chitosan, formed an acid-stable gel but the gel would not hold the emulsion. The process of acid deterioration had an initial period of firming of the gel texture. Shear (rupture) and elasticity did not show a corresponding initial increase. Subsequent deteriorative changes were less in the emulsions with xanthan gum than in any of the other emulsions. The gum gel is formed at the expense of the protein-fat structure, probably through a gum-protein interaction.
A Framework for Teaching Community Practice.

Recent attention on community organizing in national politics provides an opportunity for social work educators to revisit and enhance community practice as a core practice of the profession. Drawing from social work's rich tradition of community practice this article provides a practical aid to understand the variety of strategies currently used by instructors and students. It proposes a framework that differentiates the underlying assumptions of three community practice paradigms—traditional, collaborative, and radical—with very different goals or visions for organizing. It examines multiple dimensions of practice within each paradigm including purpose, power, politics, and evaluation standards. In addition, it provides suggestions about how the framework can be used in the classroom.
Cultural Practices in Networked Classroom Learning Environments

This paper presents results of a case study conducted in secondary mathematics classrooms using a new generation of networked classroom technology (Participatory Simulations). Potential for drawing on youths’ cultural practices in networked learning environments is explored in terms of opportunities for traditionally underserved students to participate in powerful mathematical discourse and practice. As mediated by the networked technology, the multiple modes of participation and opportunities to contribute to the group’s accomplishment of its task served as important avenues for underserved students to bring to bear resources they develop through participating in everyday practices of their communities. The goal is to provide examples of networked activities’ potential for leveraging cultural practices of marginalized groups through pedagogy that invites youth to draw on linguistic resources and interaction patterns they develop as members of cultural groups.
Perception without a Thalamus: How Does Olfaction Do It?

The olfactory system has generated considerable interest in recent years, mainly focused on receptor genes and early olfactory processing. In this issue of Neuron, Mori et al. focus centrally, providing evidence for slow- and fast-wave states in olfactory cortex that appear to gate the inflow of information underlying conscious smell perception.
Whither Solidarity? Transitions in Swedish Public-Sector Pay Policy

As part of a drive for efficiency and decentralization in government operations, Sweden is implementing a new system of pay administration in the public sector that is marked by a clear movement away from centralized wage negotiation and fixed salary increases towards more flexible and individualized pay rates. Despite rhetoric about performance and efficiency, the changes appear to be focused mainly on expanding wage differentials among occupational groups and offering market premiums to recruit and retain valued employees. Although the new pay system has not been integrated into a general management approach, it offers considerable challenge to the norms and values of solidarity that have traditionally been held so strongly in Sweden.
Gastroparesis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report

Gastrointestinal symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are varied and can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Although esophageal dysmotility and intestinal pseudo-obstruction have been described, the occurrence of gastroparesis in SLE patients has yet to be the subject of a medical report. We present a case of a 29-year-old woman with SLE whose predominant symptom is persistent nausea and vomiting with no evidence of mechanical obstruction. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jmc1180w
Impact of prophylaxis with cytogam alone on the incidence of CMV viremia in CMV-seropositive lung transplant recipients

Abstract Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains a serious problem after lung transplantation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of CytoGam, a CMV hyperimmune globulin (CMV-IGIV), as CMV prophylaxis after lung transplantation. Methods: This prospective, randomized, open-label study compared prophylaxis with CMV-IGIV and no prophylaxis in 44 CMV-seropositive lung transplant recipients. The primary end-point was development of CMV viremia during the first year after transplantation. Results: Cytomegalovirus viremia was detected in 13 of 22 recipients without prophylaxis and in 16 of 22 recipients with CMV-IGIV prophylaxis ( p = 0.19). Cytomegalovirus pneumonitis developed in 8 controls vs in 11 CMV-IGIV recipients ( p = 0.54). We found no significant difference between the groups in the incidence of positive shell vial assays (6.8% ± 6.5% without vs 11.2% ± 10.1% with prophylaxis, p = 0.09) or in the attack rate of CMV pneumonitis (0.41 ± 0.59 episodes/patient without vs 0.86 ± 0.99 episodes/patient with prophylaxis, p = 0.07). Similarly, no difference was apparent in the time to onset of CMV viremia, to detection of CMV DNA in peripheral blood leukocytes by polymerase chain reaction, or to development of CMV pneumonitis. The incidence of acute rejection and bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and the survival rate during the first post-transplant year did not differ between the groups. Conclusions: Prophylaxis with CMV-IGIV alone did not decrease CMV viremia or pneumonitis, did not decrease the incidence of acute rejection or bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, and did not affect 1-year survival of CMV-seropositive lung transplant recipients at our center.
Martha@Martha: A séance with Richard Move

This article explores the dynamics of Richard Move's drag performance of the late Martha Graham. Drag dance is remarkably self-aware as historiography, and it employs a rhetoric of bodies becoming ...
Pyogenic Liver Abscess Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy: Risk Factors, Treatment, and Long-Term Outcome

Background Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains a challenging operation with a 40 % postoperative complication rate. Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is an uncommon complication following PD with little information on its incidence or treatment. This study was done to examine the incidence, risk factors, treatment, and long-term outcome of PLA after PD.
A viscous–inviscid coupling method for the design of low Reynolds number aerofoil sections

An interactive numerical coupling procedure has been developed for the design of aerofoil sections with an allowance for viscous effects, provided that the boundary layer is fully attached over the aerofoil. Special emphasis is given to the design of natural laminar flow (NLF) aerofoils. The method described combines, in an iterative process, an inviscid hodograph-based inverse-design algorithm (IDA) developed by the author, the inviscid-analysis algorithm (FLO6) by Jameson, and the boundary layer algorithm (LTBLCEQL) by Miner, Anderson and Lewis. In the physical plane, the inviscid computational results define an aerofoil configuration (or displacement surface) having a preset trailing edge gap. Viscous effects are then incorporated in the design procedure via the displacement surface concept. As expected, the numerical results suggest that aerofoils having long runs of NLF are easily obtained, provided that the proper choice of the gradients of the prescribed input pressure distribution is made.
A method for specific cloning and sequencing of human hprt cDNA for mutation analysis

A method has been developed for the specific amplification and cloning of human hprt cDNA which can be used for mutant sequence analysis. Messenger RNA is isolated from TK6 lymphoblasts and is used to produce a first strand cDNA with reverse transcriptase primed with oligo dT. Second strand synthesis and subsequent amplification of hprt sequences is accomplished using Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase and hprt-specific primers in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure. Convenient restriction enzyme sites have been built into the 5' ends of the PCR primers to allow cloning of the hprt fragments in M13mp19. Dideoxy sequencing of hprt with specific primers can be carried out using either the PCR reaction product or fragments cloned in M13mp19 as substrate. This general cloning/sequencing method can be used to analyze hprt mutation in human cells obtained both in vitro and in vivo.
Pathways between the nucleus tractus solitarius and neurosecretory neurons of the supraoptic nucleus: electrophysiological studies.

Abstract In anesthetized cats recordings were made from hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neurons in a supraoptic nucleus (SON) of the hypothalamus. The region of the nucleus tractus solitarius in the medulla, identified electrophysiologically as the site of termination of the first relay neurons of the sinus and aortic nerves, was stimulated with single or short trains of pulses (2–3 at 200 Hz). Out of 133 SON neurons 67 were affected by such stimuli. In 14 cells (21% of ‘responsive’ neurons) the stimulus produced profound inhibition of SON neuron activity after a latency of 10–30 msec. In another 8 neurons (12%) the inhibitory effect was observed after a longer latency of over 100 msec. An increase in intensity of stimulus merely prolonged or increased the inhibitory effect without changing the response qualitatively. The other 45 (67%) SON neurons were excited by stimulation of the nucleus tractus solitarius. In a small proportion of these neurons (5 cells, 7%) the stimulus evoked discharges, even in spontaneously silent neurosecretory cells, after a latency of 10–20 msec with little fluctuation. In the remaining 40 neurons, i.e. 60% of the ‘responsive’ neurons, the excitatory effect was observed after a latency of 40–120 msec. Again, changes in intensity of stimulation did not alter the nature of this response. The results indicate that both ‘fast’ as well as ‘slow’ pathways between the nucleus tractus solitarius and SON neurons exist and impulses travelling through the latter pathway from the carotid sinus or aortic nerve affect the larger proportion of SON neurons.
COMMENT ON “A SIMPLE AND EXACT METHOD OF 3‐D MIGRATION—THEORY” BY H. JAKUBOWICZ AND S. LEVIN*

Discussion sur l'article Jakubowicz H. et Levin S. paru dans Geophysical prospecting, NLD, 1983, 31, 34-56
ANALYSIS OF MUTATION AT THE APRT LOCUS OF L-5178Y MOUSE LYMPHOMA CELLS: 149

APRT heterozygotic (aprt+/-) and homozygotic (aprt-/-) mutants have been isolated following mutagenesis in the mouse lymphoma cell line L-5178Y (tk+/-). Presumptive heterozygote (or hemizygote) can be differentiated from true homozygous mutants by poor growth in the presence of 75 uM 2,6 diaminopurine(DAP) in 0.37% agar. These cells form small colonies, and upon isolation were shown to be heterozygotes by APRT activity and immunoprecipitable material. The homozygotic APRT- mutants are fully resistant ot 75 uM DAP, and form colony of normal size. Using a mouse 3.2 Kb APRT probe, and Eco-RI digested wild type L-5178Y cell DNA, two hybridizing bands were detected by Southern blot analysis. These two bands represent the two APRT gene copies, each one differing by an Eco-RI site. Analysis of one "heterozygote" and one "homozygote" showed that they were actually hemizygous. As previously reported by us for Chinese hamster ovary cells, "mutants" at the APRT locus appeared to arise by loss of one of the APRT alleles with true mutation occuring at the remaining allele.
13C NMR characterization of soda and soda/AQ spent liquor fractions

Abstract Spent liquor fractions from soda and soda/anthraquinone cooks of loblolly pine wood meal were examined by C-13 NMR spectroscopy. The material which precipitated from the liquors at pH 7 as well as that remaining in solution were acetylated and fractionated on a styrene-divinylbenzene gel column. This technique was an attempt to simplify spectral interpretation and to elucidate the distribution of anthracenyl structures within the spent liquor components. The NMR spectra of fractions of the precipitated material revealed that anthracenyl structures chemically bound to lignin increased with decreasing molecular weight (MW), whereas, polysaccharide content decreased markedly with decreasing MW. The NMR spectra of the soluble material had no anthracenyl peaks, but did contain a significant peak at 105 ppm. This is in the same location as a predominant peak observed in C-13 NMR spectra of hardwood lignins, and which has been assigned to C2 and C6 of syringyl structures. However, in the present study t...
Foraminifera with chlorophyte endosymbionts: Habitats of six species in the Florida Keys

Abstract Three species, Androsina lucasi, Archaias angulatus , and Cyclorbiculina compressa , all members of the subfamily Archaiasinae, are among the largest and most abundant benthic foraminifera in the Florida Keys. Each species harbors a different chlorophyte endosymbiont, and each species thrives in a different habitat. Androsina lucasi is the most euryhaline species. It is found in exceptional abundance in open, dwarfed-mangrove flats in water commonly less than 0.2 m in depth, growing on mangrove roots and propagules, and algae such as Batophora oerstedi, Archaias angulatus is moderately euryhaline, thriving at sites in Florida Bay and Largo Sound at depths less than 2 m, where temperatures range from 14°C in winter to 33°C in summer and salinities range from 29 to 39‰. Substratum includes rubble, seagrass ( Thalassia testudinum ), Halimeda and a variety of other macroalgae, especially when overgrown by epiphytes. Archaias is also common in open shelf and shelf-margin settings. Cyclorbiculina compressa is the most stenohaline, occurring in open shelf settings typically at depths of 5–30 m. Optimum habitat appears to be short (∼ 1 cm) filamentous algal turf on limestone pavement or reef rubble. Three other chlorophyte-bearing species, Broeckina/Parasorites orbitolitoides, Laevipeneroplis proteus and L. bradyi , are also common in this habitat. Chlorophyte-bearing taxa are the most abundant and diverse group of larger foraminifera in the Holocene western Atlantic. Despite widespread occurrence throughout the Tethyan region during the Miocene, this group is represented in the Holocene Indo-Pacific by only two species. The decline of this lineage in the Indo-Pacific and its success in the tropical western Atlantic is opposite of biogeographical trends typically reported for shallow-water tropical taxa through the Neogene.
Ferrichrome: Surprising stability of a cyclic peptide-FeIII complex revealed by mass spectrometry

Ferrichrome, a fungal siderophore that is also utilized by some bacterial species, was studied with liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionixation (MALDI) mass spectrometry. A strong ionic signal corresponding to a FeIII complex was observed with LSIMS in the positive ion mode. Switching the polarity of the mass spectrometer did not necessarily result in reduction of ferric ion, although certain conditions led to appearance of a FeII complex signal as well. The results of the structural studies of the metal ion-cyclic peptide complex with collisionally induced dissociation allowed unambiguous identification of the chelation sites. The action of the siderophore on FeIII was studied by in vitro chelation of ferric ion (from ferric citrate) by the iron-free ferrichrome. Effective chelation of ferric ion was compared to actions of the iron-free ferrichrome on other metal ions. Unlike LSIMS, desorption with MALDI did not form selectively molecular ions of intact ferrichrome: the spectra contained abundant peaks corresponding to the cyclic peptide itself and its nonspecific association with alkali metal ions.
A quantitative measurement of thermally induced stress waves

measured static and pitot pressures farther away from the oblique shock wave. The good correspondence between the predicted and measured pressure rise indicated, establishes confidence in the actual pressure change across the oblique shock wave and allows an appraisal of the region of probe influence. The increase in pitot pressure across the oblique shock wave is also compatible with that calculated using the oblique shock relations, e.g., experimentally p^'/pti = 1.48, while a value of 1.50 is predicted. Of note in this connection is that the turning of the flow through an angle of 8.3° in passing through the oblique shock wave apparently did not influence the pitot tube reading downstream where the flow is inclined to the probe. The slight "blip" in the pitot pressure below the oblique shock wave is associated with a small disturbance locally in the flow rather than the presence of the oblique shock wave. This view is supported by pitot measurements at axial distances farther upstream and downstream which indicated the disturbance to lie along a streamline and thus was located at different radial distances from the oblique shock wave. Rather large deviations in Mach number are found by using the local static and pitot pressures measured to calculate the Mach number; this occurs because of the fallacious static pressure readings. It should be mentioned that the upstream Mach number of 3.48 is not compatible with the static to total pressure ratio p/pto = 0.0116 for isentropic flow up to the shock wave because the actual stagnation pressure upstream of the wave is less than the upstream reservoir pressure p to = 100 psia that is used to normalize the data. The reduction in stagnation pressure resulted from the flow passing through another oblique shock wave farther upstream. The influence of the size of the static pressure probe on its reading is shown in Fig. 2. These measurements were made 0.5 in. downstream of those shown in Fig. 1 at a location where the static pressure was lower. The small probe is similar to that used upstream, and the larger probe is twice as long. Confidence in the actual pressure changes across the oblique shock wave is provided by the very good check with the predicted oblique shock relation shown as a dashed curve and the coincidence of both probe readings farther away from the oblique shock wave. The probes are shown at various locations to assist in the discussion of the readings. Upstream of the oblique shock wave (Fig. 2) the larger probe readings do not have as pronounced a "hump" as observed with the small probe. Also there is a more gradual approach to the actual static pressure which is found farther away from the oblique shock wave, although this change is small for a probe that is twice as long. Downstream of the oblique shock wave (Fig. 2) the small