cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectral editing at ultra-fast magic-angle-spinning in solid-state NMR: facilitating protein sequential signal assignment by HIGHLIGHT approach

This study demonstrates a novel spectral editing technique for protein solid-state NMR (SSNMR) to simplify the spectrum drastically and to reduce the ambiguity for protein main-chain signal assignments in fast magic-angle-spinning (MAS) conditions at a wide frequency range of 40-80 kHz. The approach termed HIGHLIGHT (Wang et al., in Chem Comm 51:15055-15058, 2015) combines the reverse (13)C, (15)N-isotope labeling strategy and selective signal quenching using the frequency-selective REDOR pulse sequence under fast MAS. The scheme allows one to selectively observe the signals of "highlighted" labeled amino-acid residues that precede or follow unlabeled residues through selectively quenching (13)CO or (15)N signals for a pair of consecutively labeled residues by recoupling (13)CO-(15)N dipolar couplings. Our numerical simulation results showed that the scheme yielded only ~15% loss of signals for the highlighted residues while quenching as much as ~90% of signals for non-highlighted residues. For lysine-reverse-labeled micro-crystalline GB1 protein, the 2D (15)N/(13)Cα correlation and 2D (13)Cα/(13)CO correlation SSNMR spectra by the HIGHLIGHT approach yielded signals only for six residues following and preceding the unlabeled lysine residues, respectively. The experimental dephasing curves agreed reasonably well with the corresponding simulation results for highlighted and quenched residues at spinning speeds of 40 and 60 kHz. The compatibility of the HIGHLIGHT approach with fast MAS allows for sensitivity enhancement by paramagnetic assisted data collection (PACC) and (1)H detection. We also discuss how the HIGHLIGHT approach facilitates signal assignments using (13)C-detected 3D SSNMR by demonstrating full sequential assignments of lysine-reverse-labeled micro-crystalline GB1 protein (~300 nmol), for which data collection required only 11 h. The HIGHLIGHT approach offers valuable means of signal assignments especially for larger proteins through reducing the number of resonance and clarifying multiple starting points in sequential assignment with enhanced sensitivity.
DEVELOPMENT OF LINEARIZED PRECONDITIONING METHODS FOR ENHANCING ROBUSTNESS AND EFFICIENCY OF EULER AND NAVIER-STOKES COMPUTATIONS

A modified preconditioning procedure based upon a linearized formulation of the governing equations is developed. The algorithm is expressed as a dual-time scheme, wherein the standard time-derivatives are used at the outer, nonlinear level, while preconditioning is used at the inner, linear solver level. In this manner, robustness issues arising from the use of preconditioning at the non-linear level are eliminated, while at the same time, efficient convergence behaviour is ensured at the linear level. Further, the enhanced formulation allows the storage of Jacobians and block tridiagonal inversions, rendering the inner iterations extremely inexpensive. Several test cases are presented to demonstrate the gains in robustness and computational efficiency of the linearized preconditioning method.
Conditions for the Effectiveness of Multiple Visual Representations in Enhancing STEM Learning.

Visual representations play a critical role in enhancing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning. Educational psychology research shows that adding visual representations to text can enhance students’ learning of content knowledge, compared to text-only. But should students learn with a single type of visual representation or with multiple different types of visual representations? This article addresses this question from the perspective of the representation dilemma, namely that students often learn content they do not yet understand from representations they do not yet understand. To benefit from visual representations, students therefore need representational competencies, that is, knowledge about how visual representations depict information about the content. This article reviews literature on representational competencies involved in students’ learning of content knowledge. Building on this review, this article analyzes how the number of visual representations affects the role these representational competencies play during students’ learning of content knowledge. To this end, the article compares two common scenarios: text plus a single type of visual representations (T+SV) and text plus multiple types of visual representations (T+MV). The comparison yields seven hypotheses that describe under which conditions T+MV scenarios are more effective than T+SV scenarios. Finally, the article reviews empirical evidence for each hypothesis and discusses open questions about the representation dilemma.
Effect of blood-brain barrier disruption on intact and fragmented monoclonal antibody localization in intracerebral lung carcinoma xenografts.

UNLABELLED These studies highlight several factors that affect monoclonal antibody (Mab) localization to a tumor in the brain, including tumor permeability, nonspecific and specific binding, plasma half-life, radiolabeled antibody stability and the blood-brain barrier. METHODS A pancarcinoma Mab [L6 IgG, F(ab')2 and Fab] and an irrelevant isotype-matched antibody [P1.17 IgG and F(ab')2] were given with and without osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption in a LX-1 human small-cell lung carcinoma intracerebral xenograft model. RESULTS Intracerebral tumor size and permeability to antibody increased with the selection of 10, 14 or 17 days postinoculation when antibody was administered. Barrier disruption increased the delivery, particularly at earlier time points, which was dependent on antibody-specific and nonspecific binding and tumor permeability. Dehalogenation and/or antibody binding stability also appeared to affect the percent delivery. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate important variables that should be considered when clinical trials are designed or Mab delivery and localization in intracerebral tumor models are evaluated.
Urogenital Rhabdomyosarcoma in Children: Is a Conservative Surgical Approach Justified?

AbstractBetween 1970 and 1990, 23 patients were treated for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the bladder (8), prostate (7), uterus (4) or vagina (4). One girl underwent exenteration without chemotherapy. Of the patients 22 received chemotherapy as initial treatment. There was 1 treatment-related death. A total of 21 patients completed the first phase: 4 were treated with chemotherapy alone and 17 subsequently underwent an operation. Three boys underwent total cystoprostatectomy and local resection was performed in 14 patients.One boy was lost to followup. Mean followup was 11.2 ± 6.3 years in 15 survivors. Complete remission was achieved in 19 patients, while 11 (53%) had relapse at an interval of 3 to 102 months. Of 13 patients with bladder and prostate tumors 8 had relapse and 7 survived. Of 8 patients with uterus and vagina tumors 3 had relapse and all survived. Six patients died of recurrent disease (overall mortality rate 32%). The interval from initial diagnosis until death was always less than 5 years...
The use of arthrography in athletic injuries of the shoulder.

SUMMARY Arthrography is a safe, accurate, reproducible aid in the management of the injured athlete. The procedure can be used whenever the cause of shoulder pain is in doubt. It may be used in diagnosing a wide variety of lesions —rotator cuff tears, subluxation of the shoulder, recurrent dislocation, subluxation and tears of the biceps tendon, anterior shoulder derangement, or any combination of these.
[The mechanism of muscle contraction: along the path carved by Academician G.M Frank].

On the issue of the mechanism of muscle contraction, the views of the late G.M. Frank, to whom this symposium is dedicated, differed fundamentally from those of the then-current orthodoxy. Frank could not accept the idea of filament sliding brought about by swinging cross-bridges. He seemed particularly moved by two observations from his laboratory: the first, that the A-band shortened during active contraction; and the second, that sarcomere shortening occurred in stepwise fashion. From these findings principally, Frank came to the view that contraction involved a stepwise shortening of thick filaments. Although this view is broadly held to be incorrect, I will present evidence that it may constitute at least a partial answer. I will consider the evidence that both of Frank's principal findings-stepwise shortening and thick filament shortening-may be valid attributes of the contractile mechanism. I will then go on to show how these two attributes fit into an overall mechanism-not dissimilar to the one put forth by Frank.
Perceived advantages: the influence of urban and suburban neighbourhood context on the socialization and adaptation of Mexican immigrant young men

ABSTRACTNeighbourhoods are important contexts for the socialization and adaptation of immigrant youth. They provide resources and opportunities for positive interactions with peers and non-family adults. But neighbourhoods differ systemically in their demographic composition and the type and quality of resources they offer young people. In the US, there is an implicit assumption equating suburban neighbourhoods with better schools, more jobs and higher quality housing compared to urban neighbourhoods. There is however, little explicit empirical evidence of how such differences may shape the experience of immigrant youth. This gap is concerning in light of recent trends of immigrants to move directly to the suburbs. The first part of the paper reviews the literatures on immigrant adaptation and neighbourhood effects. Drawing on two qualitative studies, the second part of the paper illustrates mechanisms through which suburban and urban neighbourhoods may influence the socialization and adaptation of immigr...
Applied Webscraping in Market Research

Modern Webscraping tools and APIs facilitate the extraction of information from the Internet significantly. We outline, that Webscraping, as a common practice to load, prepare and statistically analyze specific structured or unstructured data from the Internet, has become an essential technique in Marketing and Data Science. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of Open Data and social media data as a scraping target. While we argue that Webscraping of internet data is an enabler and driver of product innovation in Market Research, it should also be noted that just gathering and integrating more data cannot replace research and modeling expertise; and that focusing on easily available data only, may inevitably lead to wrong conclusions or cause legal issues in commercial environments. As an result, data management concepts have to be applied to ensure accuracy, comparability, findability, re-usability and legality of the scraped data. In this presentation we discuss how data lakes, (meta-)data management and data integration processes help to extract most insight of scraped data.
Classification of Paroxysmal Dyskinesias

Forty six patients, ages ranging 1 to 77 years, with paroxysmal dyskinesias and classified according to precipitating factors and duration of attacks were reported from the Movement Disorder Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
The Social Task of the Scientist

(1947). The Social Task of the Scientist. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 70-70.
Is it hot in here or is it just me? Temperature anomalies and political polarization over global warming in the American public

Do temperature anomalies affect political polarization over global warming? Americans’ attitudes about global warming are affected by whether they reside in states experiencing unseasonably warm (or cold) temperatures versus those experiencing milder temperatures. Specifically, in terms of causal attribution, political polarization over global warming is more pronounced in states experiencing temperature anomalies. Using pooled data collected during 2013–2014, this study utilizes logistic regression to explore how temperature anomalies exacerbate the political polarization among Americans over perceptions of whether global warming impacts are immediately evident as well as the attribution of global warming to human activity. Results indicate that very cold or warm temperature anomalies from a 5-year baseline predict perceptions of global warming impacts and exacerbate existing political polarization over the causal attribution of global warming. These effects are particularly noticeable among Democrats. This analysis provides a contribution to understanding how temperature anomalies from the recent past shape the sociophysical context of global warming attitudes.
A brief motivational interview promotes internal motivation to donate blood among young adults with and without a prior donation history.

Background Recruitment and retention of first-time and repeat donors is essential to maintain a stable blood supply. Recent evidence has shown that promoting internal motivation may be an effective strategy to enhance donation behavior. We tested the efficacy of an in-person motivational interview at increasing internal motivation and intention to donate. Study design and methods A sample of 219 donors and nondonors (69.4% female; mean ± SD age, 19.2 ± 1.1 years; 52.1% nondonors) were randomly assigned to either a motivational or a knowledge interview. Immediately before and after the interview participants completed a measure of donation intention and the Blood Donor Identity Survey, which is a multidimensional measure of donor motivation. Results A latent profile analysis revealed three distinct latent classes, which were identified as low internal motivation, mid internal motivation, and high internal motivation. Comparison of change in latent class from pre- to postinterview revealed that a higher proportion of participants in the motivational interview group moved to a more internally motivated class compared to the knowledge interview group (i.e., 34% vs. 4%, respectively). Further, relative to the knowledge interview group, participants in the motivational interview group reported greater increases in intention to donate. Conclusion A brief motivational interview may enhance donation intention and intrinsic motivation among both experienced donors and nondonors alike.
Two indirect methodologies for testing FPGA intrinsic Programmable Logic Cell timing performance

Programmable Logic Cell (PLC) timing test is one of the most critical items for post-silicon validation of a new Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) product because it determines the fundamental performance of the FPGA chip. However, it has been very difficult to accurately measure all aspects of PLC segment timing for several practical reasons. First, some segments exhibit merely 100ps delay which places severe requirements on the resolution of the measurement system. Second, some segments are intrinsic elements in a FPGA and cannot be accessed directly from an external measurement port.
SEISMIC PREDICTION USING UNATTACHED RADON DECAY PRODUCTS

Long-term measurements of the 222Rn concentration, 222Rn decay product activity, particle size distribution, and unattached, and attached 222Rn decay products, were made at two locations using the 22 y radon decay product 210Pb as their tracer. The particle size sampler collects both short lived 222Rn decay products that ultimately decay to 210Pb on the filters, and also airborne 210Pb. The measurements were made outdoors, at a suburban home and at Fernald, OH, a former uranium processing facility, on top of one of the two 226Ra storage silos containing 150 TBq 226Ra. The size distributions showed the unattached fractions, i.e. particle diameter 2-4 nm, to be 1.5% at the home and 14% at the silos. The unattached fraction of 218Po can be shown to be an immediate measure of the 222Rn concentration. The data indicates detection of the pressure driven 222Rn flow at the silo and with the enhanced measurement capability of a filtered air source versus the usual 222Rn gas measurement. It is proposed that real time measurements of unattached 218Po may be used to identify rapidly changing 222Rn concentrations associated with pressure driven soil air flow associated with seismic activity.
There and back again: amitosis to repopulate a stem cell pool.

Proper maintenance of a relatively stable stem cell population is essential for many tissues, within which stem cells and their differentiated progenies function to maintain tissue homeostasis and physiological fitness, especially in response to constantly changing environmental conditions. Failure of such control is tightly linked to tissue degeneration, aging and cancer. Understanding the mechanisms by which the stem cell pool is properly maintained would shed light on the physiological causes of these diseases and facilitate the development of effective therapeutic treatments. In an article published recently in Cell Stem Cell , Lucchetta and Ohlstein investigated such mechanism in the Drosophila intestine, and found that missing stem cells can be replaced by differentiated polyploid cells through a ploidy reduction process known as amitosis (1). This exciting novel study reveals an unexpected mechanism to expand stem cell number in the intestine and respond to more favorable nutritional conditions. It is likely that the underlying principles described in this work will apply to other stem cell populations and other organisms, including in vertebrate tissues.
The Effects of S-D Logic on Interfirm Relationships: An Abstract

Drawing on sociometric traditions, this research examines interfirm relationships using longitudinal goods and services flow data across two value networks between firms and their strategic suppliers in light of the movement toward a service-dominant (S-D) logic-based approach to doing business. The findings suggest that firms adopting this approach are more likely to garner positional advantage (moving to the network’s core), while firms maintaining a goods-dominant (G-D) approach are less likely to win positional advantage. The findings also suggest that both networks are dominated by new S-D logic adopting entrants, who enjoy more positional advantage in the second time period. Core firms are more likely to remain in the value network, although many transitioned to its periphery. In addition, peripheral firms—which are more inclined to maintain a G-D logic-based approach—are more likely to be shaken out of the network. Moreover, while firms in advantageous positions are not assured of continued incumbency, they are more likely to remain entrenched despite having not completely adopted an S-D logic-based approach. Finally, the results demonstrate that networks become multilayered with the emergence of a service-driven economy, as each transitioned into a three-layered value network. The study asserts that firms can optimize their relational strategies by considering the hidden effects of positional advantage, coupled with embracing the S-D logic.
Determination of endogenous concentrations of nitrites and nitrates in different types of cheese in the United States: method development and validation using ion chromatography

Nitrites and nitrates can be present in dairy products from both endogenous and exogenous sources. In the European Union (EU), 150 mg kg-1 of nitrates are allowed to be added to the cheese milk during the manufacturing process. The CODEX General Standard for Food Additives has a maximum permitted level of 50 mg kg-1 residue in cheese, while in the United States (U.S.) nitrates are unapproved for use as food additives in cheese. In order to be able to investigate imported cheeses for nitrates intentionally added as preservatives and the endogenous concentrations of nitrates and nitrites present in cheeses in the U.S. marketplace, a method was developed and validated using ion chromatography with conductivity detection. A market sampling of cheese samples purchased in the Washington DC metro area was performed. In 64 samples of cheese, concentrations ranged from below the method detection limit (MDL) to 26 mg kg-1 for nitrates and no concentrations of nitrites were found in any of the cheese samples above the MDL of 0.1 mg kg-1. A majority of the samples (93%) had concentrations below 10 mg kg-1, which indicate the presence of endogenous nitrates. The samples with concentrations above 10 mg kg-1 were mainly processed cheese spread, which can contain additional ingredients often of plant-based origin. These ingredients are likely the cause of the elevated nitrate concentrations. The analysis of 12 additional cheese samples that are liable to the intentional addition of nitrates, 9 of which were imported, indicated that in this limited study, concentrations of nitrate in the U.S.-produced cheeses did not differ from those in imported samples.
Rational fibrations of M¯5,1 and M¯6,1

Abstract We construct rational maps from M ¯ 5 , 1 and M ¯ 6 , 1 to lower-dimensional moduli spaces. As a consequence, we identify geometric divisors that generate extremal rays of the effective cones for these spaces.
46 – Nutrition, Weight, and Body Image

Optimal nutrition for women is basic requirement for good health and is influenced by a variety of factors. This chapter presents some primary factors that determine nutritional status and health. A woman's nutritional status is central to her overall health, and it is affected by the demands of the life cycle, socioeconomic factors, culture, and her body image. While official health organizations have developed various guidelines for the public to use in making health-enhancing dietary choices, many American women exhibit nutritional excesses and deficiencies that are risk factors for chronic diseases. Adolescent women, regardless of income and ethnicity, show excesses in their intakes of total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, and sugar. Their diets are usually deficient in fiber, folate, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B6, iron, calcium, zinc, phosphorus, and magnesium. Researchers must yield even greater understanding of the physiological differences and the socio-cultural differences affecting the nutritional needs among women so that health professionals can provide appropriate guidance to women in meeting their nutritional needs. It is evident that poverty and distorted body image have negatively impacted the nutritional and health status of women. The nutritional and health effects of increased numbers of women in the workforce, the stresses of fast-paced living, and the greater use of convenience foods is much less understood.
Large covariance matrices: accurate models without mocks

Covariance matrix estimation is a persistent challenge for cosmology. We focus on a class of model covariance matrices that can be generated with high accuracy and precision, using a tiny fraction of the computational resources that would be required to achieve comparably precise covariance matrices using mock catalogues. In previous work, the free parameters in these models were determined using sample covariance matrices computed using a large number of mocks, but we demonstrate that those parameters can be estimated consistently and with good precision by applying jackknife methods to a single survey volume. This enables model covariance matrices that are calibrated from data alone, with no reference to mocks.
α‐Fluoroalcohols: Synthesis and Characterization of Perfluorinated Methanol, Ethanol and n‐Propanol, and their Oxonium Salts

The thermally unstable, primary perfluoroalcohols, CF3 OH, C2 F5 OH, and nC3 F7 OH, were conveniently prepared from the corresponding carbonyl compounds in anhydrous HF solution. Experimental values for the reaction enthalpies and entropies were derived from the temperature dependence of the Rf COF+HF⇄Rf CF2 OH (Rf =F, CF3 , CF3 CF2 ) equilibria by NMR spectroscopy. Electronic structure calculations of the gas-phase and solution reaction energies, gas-phase acidities and heats of formation were carried out at the G3MP2 level, showing that these compounds are strong acids. Protonation of these alcohols in HF/SbF5 produced the perfluoroalkyl oxonium salts Rf CF2 OH2 + SbF6 - .
Function and Dysfunction of TMC Channels in Inner Ear Hair Cells

The TMC1 channel was identified as a protein essential for hearing in mouse and human, and recognized as one of a family of eight such proteins in mammals. The TMC family is part of a superfamily of seven branches, which includes the TMEM16s. Vertebrate hair cells express both TMC1 and TMC2. They are located at the tips of stereocilia and are required for hair cell mechanotransduction. TMC1 assembles as a dimer and its similarity to the TMEM16s has enabled a predicted tertiary structure with an ion conduction pore in each subunit of the dimer. Cysteine mutagenesis of the pore supports the role of TMC1 and TMC2 as the core channel proteins of a larger mechanotransduction complex that includes PCDH15 and LHFPL5, and perhaps TMIE, CIB2 and others.
Rapid Reading in Braille and Large Print: An Examination of McBride's Procedures:

Two groups of braille and one group of large print readers were given two-week workshops to allow them to develop rapid reading skills. All three groups significantly increased their reading rates ...
Regulatory CD4+CD25+ T Cells Are Required for Tolerance Induction to Factor IX by In Vivo Gene Transfer.

Gene therapy for the X-linked bleeding disorder hemophilia B may be limited by immune responses to the factor IX (F.IX) gene product. Hepatic adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer can induce immune tolerance to F.IX (JCI111:1347, PNAS103:4592). Tolerance is associated with activation of regulatory cells that suppress antibody formation to F.IX. In order to identify these regulatory cells, splenocytes of C57BL/6 mice tolerized to human F.IX (hF.IX) by heptic gene transfer (portal vein injection of 1x1011 AAV vector genomes) were adoptively transferred to naive mice of the same strain. Recipient mice were immunized with hF.IX in adjuvant on the next day. Compared to cells transferred from control animals (no gene transfer), total splenocytes, CD4+ cells, or CD4+CD25+ cells were equally efficient in suppression of anti-hF.IX formation (n=7–8 per experimental group, P 100-fold increase in FoxP3 message compared to CD4+ cells from naive mice or compared to CD4+CD25- cells of AAV-ova transduced mice), and efficiently suppressed CD4+CD25- cells in vitro. In summary, hepatic AAV gene transfer induces transgene product-specific CD4+CD25+ Treg, which suppress antibody formation to the transgene product and are required for tolerance induction. These results should have broad implications for in vivo gene transfer.
DUETS (Dallas UtErus Transplant Study): Complete report of 6‐month and initial 2‐year outcomes following open donor hysterectomy

Introduction Uterus transplantation has shown success in treating women with uterine factor infertility who want to carry their own pregnancy. Methods We report the medical, sexual, and psychological outcomes of our first cohort of 13 living donor hysterectomies. As we have transitioned from open to robotically assisted hysterectomy, this report represents the complete series of open donor hysterectomies at our center, all with ≥6-month postoperative outcomes. Results The open donor hysterectomy had a median of a 6.5-hour surgical time, 0.8 L estimated blood loss, 6-day hospital stay, and 28-day sick leave. Three donors had a grade III or IV complications, one reported new-onset psychological symptoms, and 9 experienced transient sexual discomfort. All complications were addressed and resolved, and all donors returned to their presurgical social and physical activities. Conclusion Since uterus transplantation is not life-saving or life-extending, the risks in living uterus donation must be weighed against the benefit of giving another woman the opportunity to give birth to her own child. This report provides data to support more detailed informed consent regarding the medical, psychological, and sexual complications of open living donor hysterectomy and allows for further evaluation of the ethical acceptability of this procedure.
Exploiting Beneficial Information Sharing Among Autonomous Vehicles

As communication technologies develop, an autonomous vehicle will receive information not only from its own sensing system but also from infrastructures and other vehicles through communication. This paper discusses how to exploit a sequence of future information that is shared among autonomous vehicles, including the planned positions, the velocities and the lane numbers. A hybrid system model is constructed, and a control policy is designed to utilize shared sequence information for making navigation decisions. For the high-level discrete state transitions, the shared information is used to determine when to change lane, if lane changing will bring reward for the autonomous vehicle and there exists a feasible continuous state controller. For the low-level continuous state space controller generation, the shared information can relax the safety interval constraints in the existing model predictive control method. In the system level, the information sharing can increase the traffic flow and improve driving comfort. We demonstrate the advantages of information sharing in control and navigation in simulation.
CHAPTER 10 – SYSTEMS OF EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES

Publisher Summary Many problems in business and engineering require the solution of systems of equations and inequalities. In fact, systems of linear equations and inequalities occur with such frequency that mathematicians and computer scientists have devoted considerable energy to devising methods for their solution. With the aid of large-scale computers, it is possible to solve systems involving thousands of equations or inequalities, a task that previous generations would not have dared tackle. This chapter presents the methods of substitution and elimination, methods that are applicable to all types of systems. The chapter describes graphical methods for solving systems of linear inequalities and applying this technique to linear programming problems, a type of optimization problem. Matrices and determinants provide neat schemes for automating the computational procedures for solving systems of linear equations.
Enzyme-targeted fluorescent small-molecule probes for bacterial imaging

Molecular imaging methods to visualize myriad biochemical processes in bacteria have traditionally been dependent upon molecular biology techniques to incorporate fluorescent biomolecules (e.g., fusion proteins). Such methods have been instrumental in our understanding of how bacteria function but are not without drawbacks, including potential perturbation to native protein expression and function. To overcome these limitations, the use of fluorescent small-molecule probes has gained much attention. Here, we highlight examples from the recent literature that showcase the utility of small-molecule probes for the fluorescence imaging of bacterial cells, including electrophilic, metabolic, and enzyme-activated probes. Although the use of these types of compounds for bacterial imaging is still relatively new, the selected examples demonstrate the exciting potential of these critical tools in the exploration of bacterial physiology.
Uncertainty evaluation and conformity evaluation of DC resistance tester

In order to investigate the reliability of verification results of DC resistance tester, the uncertainty of verification results was evaluated. According to JJF 1059.1-2012 “evaluation and expression of uncertainty in measurement”, a mathematical model is established to analyze the sources of uncertainty of measurement results and calculate the components of uncertainty. Taking 500m$\Omega$ point of DC resistance tester as a verification point, the standard uncertainty expressed by absolute value and relative value is 321$\mu\Omega$ and 0.064% respectively. Finally, based on the calculation of uncertainty, the conformity evaluation method and process of the tested instrument are given.
Some Examples of Artistic Exchange between East and West, particularly from the Japan-China-Italy Perspective

The author wishes to underline the vibrating interactions between various aesthetic imperatives (Chinese, Italian, local) that can be detected in some Japanese artworks of both the Edo and Meiji periods. Some of those artistic exchanges were motivated by the influence of Jesuit missionaries in Far East Asia, as the importance of Chinese culture faded in favour of Europe for many Japanese artists. Other examples concern the outstanding development of novel art academies, when several Italian artists had the opportunity to teach in Meiji Japan. Eventually, modernized Japanese art schools would influence the entire region, including China and Taiwan.
Data-driven building energy modeling with feature selection and active learning for data predictive control

Abstract Three gaps impede the development of cost-effective and accurate data-driven building energy modeling/models (DBEM) for energy forecasting and predictive control strategies. Gap 1: data bias is common in building operation data, but this topic is hardly studied in DBEM; Gap 2: high data dimensionality is common in DBEM, but a systematic and scalable methodology is lacking to solve the problem; Gap 3: the interactions between data bias and high dimensionality have not been systematically studied for DBEM and predictive control in buildings. In this paper, to address the three gaps mentioned above, we develop a framework that integrates active learning and feature selection for DBEM used for whole building data predictive control (or DPC, which is a branch of model predictive control). The framework provides a systematic methodology and automatic workflow that starts with raw data from building automation systems to the establishment of data-driven energy models for DPC controllers. The developed strategies and framework are evaluated in a virtual testbed based on EnergyPlus and BCVTB. Improved performance and reduced computational complexity are observed from the DBEM built with the developed framework, as well as the DPC controller based on that DBEM, indicating the effectiveness of the developed framework.
Unlearned lessons from the past: an insider's view of Enron's downfall

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to capture an insider’s view of the organizational culture and management practices that contributed to the downfall of Enron. In light of the current worldwide financial and economic crisis, this article aims to highlight some of the unlearned lessons from the past. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative interview case study was used for the basis of this paper. Findings – This article shares an insider’s (former vice president’s) insights related to the practices and culture that led to Enron’s unethical decisions and strategies. It discusses one man’s view of the history of Enron, as well as what should have been learned and applied to the global financial industry to help to minimize or even avoid today’s painful economic crisis. Practical implications – Six main causes of unethical behavior for individuals in organizations are outlined, and important lessons learned are presented. The article also discusses the importance of reflecting and remaining inwardly vigilant, while outwardly thinking of and serving others.
Moving away from the 4-hour block: Arizona’s distinctive path to reversing its restrictive language policies

In spring 2019, without controversy or fanfare and without violating the voter mandate of Proposition 203, emergent bilinguals in Arizona were once again granted unrestricted access to dual languag...
Nonreciprocal Elastic Wave Beaming in Dynamic Phased Arrays

Beam forming using phased arrays forms the basis of several sonar communication and biomedical imaging techniques. However, to date, such arrays remain constrained by wave reciprocity in addition to being confined to their operational frequency; two limitations that have severely hindered imaginative advancements in this domain. In the context of sound propagation, nonreciprocity typically refers to unidirectional elastic and surface acoustic wave devices. However, a breakage of reciprocity in phased arrays manifests itself in reception and transmission patterns, which can be independently tuned, which has thus far been elusive. This work reports on a class of nonreciprocal phased arrays, which operate independently and simultaneously within different directions and frequency channels, thus breaking transmission-reception symmetry and offering enhanced capabilities in guided wave engineering. The system comprises an array of transceiving piezoelectric wafer discs bonded to an elastic medium and incorporates a prescribed dynamic modulation on top of a static phase gradient, which enables concurrent phononic transitions in energy and momentum spaces that mitigate the constraints imposed by Lorentz reciprocity. Following the theory and predictive analysis, the entire array and its associated capabilities are demonstrated experimentally.
Functional imaging correlates of childhood trauma: A qualitative review of past research and emerging trends.

Abstract Childhood trauma exposure is common and is associated with poor clinical outcomes in adolescence along with mental health and sociodemographic challenges in adulthood. While many strategies exist to investigate the biological imprint of childhood trauma exposure, functional neuroimaging is a robust and growing technology for non-invasive studies of brain activity following traumatic experience and the relationship of childhood trauma exposure with psychopathology, cognition, and behavior. In this review, we discuss three popular approaches for discerning functional neural correlates to early life trauma, including regional activation, bivariate functional connectivity, and network-based connectivity. The breadth of research in each method is discussed, followed by important limitations and considerations for future research. We close by considering emerging trends in functional neuroimaging research of childhood trauma, including the use of complex decision-making tasks to mimic clinically-relevant behaviors, data-driven techniques such as multivariate pattern analysis and whole-brain network topology, and the applications of real-time neurofeedback for treatment of trauma-related mental disorders. We aim for this review to provide a framework for understanding the relationship between atypical neural functioning and adverse outcomes following childhood trauma exposure, with a focus on improving consistency in research methods and translatability of research findings for clinical settings.
Activation of human B lymphocytes. VI. Immunoregulation of antibody production by mitogen-induced and naturally occurring cells in normal individuals.

Abstract The conditions for evaluation of suppressor cell regulation of the pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses of peripheral blood (PB) B cells in normal individuals using allogeneic cocultures is described. In 14 separate experiments, after preincubation with concanavalin A (Con A) for 2 days, PB cells suppressed the PWM-induced anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) PFC response of fresh allogeneic PB cells to 17% of the expected PFC response (P 75 PFC/106 cells) did not suppress the PFC response of allogeneic cells. The spontaneously occurring suppressor cell in nonresponder PB cell suspensions was sensitive to 3000-R irradiation, and the nonresponder state was not associated with a decreased blastogenic response to PWM. Thus, some normal subjects who themselves had a poor PWM-induced PFC response had irradiation-sensitive, spontaneously occurring suppressor cells which were capable of suppressing the PWM-induced PFC response of normal responders. The majority of normal subjects (90%) were good PFC responders to PWM stimulation and did not spontaneously suppress the PFC response of allogeneic cells to PWM, but did have PB cells which were capable of being activated by Con A to suppress.
Adult Intellectual Development

Why do some individuals retain their behavioral competence well into advanced old age, whereas others show early decline? This question has long been a central topic in the psychology of adult development and aging. Five central questions and relevant research findings address this issue: (1) Does intelligence change uniformly through adulthood or are there different life-course ability patterns? (2) At what age is there a reliably detectable decrement in ability, and what is the magnitude of that decrement? (3) What are the patterns of generational differences, and what are their magnitudes? (4) What accounts for individual differences in age-related changes in adulthood; and (5) Can cognitive decline in old age be reversed? Keywords: adult age differences; cognitive abilities; cognitive interventions; primary mental abilities; vocabulary tests
Biocompatibility evaluation of porous ceria foams for orthopedic tissue engineering.

Ceria ceramics have the unique ability to protect cells from free radical-induced damage, making them materials of interest for biomedical applications. To expand upon the understanding of the potential of ceria as a biomaterial, porous ceria, fabricated via direct foaming, was investigated to assess its biocompatibility and its ability to scavenge free radicals. A mouse osteoblast (7F2) cell line was cultured with the ceria foams to determine the extent of the foams' toxicity. Toxicity assessments indicate that mouse osteoblasts cultured directly on the ceria scaffold for 72 h did not show a significant (p > 0.05) increase in toxicity, but rather show comparable toxicity to cells cultured on porous 45S5 Bioglass®. The in vitro inflammatory response elicited from porous ceria foams was measured as a function of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) secreted from a human monocytic leukemia cell line. Results indicate that the ceria foams do not cause a significant inflammatory response, eliciting a response of 27.1 ± 7.1 pg mL−1 of TNF-α compared to 36.3 ± 5.8 pg mL−1 from cells on Bioglass, and 20.1 ± 2.9 pg mL−1 from untreated cells. Finally, we report cellular toxicity in response to free radicals from tert-butyl hydroperoxide with and without foamed ceria. Our preliminary results show that the foamed ceria is able to decrease the toxic effect of induced oxidative stress. Collectively, this study demonstrates that foamed ceria scaffolds do not activate an inflammatory response, and show potential free radical scavenging ability, thus they have promise as an orthopedic biomaterial. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 8–15, 2015.
MACROMOLECULAR SYNTHESIS AND THE BACTERICIDAL EFFECT OF STREPTOMYCIN.

Rosenkranz, Herbert S. (Columbia University, New York, N.Y.). Macromolecular synthesis and the bactericidal effect of streptomycin. J. Bacteriol. 87:606–603. 1964.—Hydroxylamine, a bacteriostatic agent which inhibits deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), and protein synthesis, interferes with the lethal action of streptomycin on growing cells of Escherichia coli. The addition of hydroxylamine to cultures exposed for various times to streptomycin prevents the further killing of the survivors. On the other hand, phenethyl alcohol, a chemical which interferes with DNA synthesis, does not reverse the action of streptomycin. From this and the mode of action of hydroxylamine, it is suggested that the structural and functional integrity of RNA is required for the bactericidal action of streptomycin.
Menstrual patterns in myxedema

Abstract The menstrual patterns of 50 premenopausal myxedematous women between 16 and 40 years of age were evaluated. Abnormal menstrual patterns occurred in 56 per per of these patients. More than one form of menstrual irregularity was noted in two cases. Menorrhagia and metrorrhagia, alone or combined, constituted the abnormal patterns in 75 per cent of the patients. Amenorrhea occurs infrequently with myxedema. “Occult” menorrhagia should be considered in the evaluation of the patient with thyroid disease.
Innovations in Twenty-First Century Cardiovascular Medicine

Emerging technologies are revolutionizing therapies for patients with end-stage heart disease. While these technologies improve the quality of life for our patients, continued efforts are needed to develop curative and preventive therapies for this pervasive disease. A frequently cited quote from C. Walton Lillehei, MD, provides hope for our future, “What mankind can dream, research and technology can achieve.”
DISX: a procedure for the automated generation of disassembly process plans

A major roadblock to more efficient end-of-life product disassembly is the availability of a disassembly process plan. In this paper we present DISX-the disassembly planning expert model. DISX is comprised of a set of intelligent rules that are able to automatically generate a disassembly plan. For each rule DISX generates a disassembly ACTION and the SCORE. The action describes what should be done, while the value estimates the potential revenue to be gained from this step. DISX selects the action with the highest value as the next step. The DISX procedure provides an economical method for analysis of a large number of products in a relatively short time. DISX could be incorporated into the design process to also support DFE analysis.
Equine-Assisted Therapy for Anxiety and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms

We tested the efficacy of the Equine Partnering Naturally(©) approach to equine-assisted therapy for treating anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Participants were 16 volunteers who had experienced a Criterion A traumatic event, such as a rape or serious accident, and had current PTSD symptoms above 31 on the PTSD Checklist (PCL-S; Weathers, Litz, Herman, Huska, & Keane, ). Participants engaged in tasks with horses for 6 weekly 2-hour sessions. Immediately following the final session, participants reported significantly reduced posttraumatic stress symptoms, d = 1.21, less severe emotional responses to trauma, d = 0.60, less generalized anxiety, d = 1.01, and fewer symptoms of depression, d = 0.54. As well, participants significantly increased mindfulness strategies, d = 1.28, and decreased alcohol use, d = 0.58. There was no significant effect of the treatment on physical health, proactive coping, self-efficacy, social support, or life satisfaction. Thus, we found evidence that the Equine Partnering Naturally(©) approach to equine-assisted therapy may be an effective treatment for anxiety and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Future research should include larger groups, random assignment, and longer term follow-up.
Splendid isolation: local uniqueness of the centered co-circular relative equilibria in the N-body problem

We study the neighborhood of the equal mass regular polygon relative equilibria in the N-body probem, and show that this relative equilibirum is isolated among the co-circular configurations (in which each point lies on a common circle) for which the center of mass is located at the center of the common circle. It is also isolated in the sense that a sufficiently small mass cannot be added to the common circle to form a \(N+1\)-body relative equilibrium. These results provide strong evidence for a conjecture that the equal mass regular polygon is the only co-circular relative equilibrium with its center of mass located at the center of the common circle.