cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Precursors to language: Social cognition and pragmatic inference in primates

Despite their differences, human language and the vocal communication of nonhuman primates share many features. Both constitute forms of coordinated activity, rely on many shared neural mechanisms, and involve discrete, combinatorial cognition that includes rich pragmatic inference. These common features suggest that during evolution the ancestors of all modern primates faced similar social problems and responded with similar systems of communication and cognition. When language later evolved from this common foundation, many of its distinctive features were already present.
Experimental Evidence for Branch-to-Bird Transfer as a Mechanism for Avian Dispersal of the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Hemiptera: Adelgidae).

Birds have long been hypothesized as primary dispersal agents of the hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae Annand). Although A. tsugae eggs and mobile first instars (crawlers) have been collected from wild birds, key mechanistic elements necessary for avian dispersal have never been examined. To evaluate the mechanisms of bird-mediated A. tsugae dispersal, we conducted both stationary (i.e., where crawlers must actively disperse) and disturbance (i.e., where crawlers may transfer from substrates due to mechanical abrasion) dispersal trials. For stationary trials, we tested the role of perching duration, ovisac density, and seasonal timing on the rate of crawler transfer to immobile preserved bird mounts at a single site in Connecticut. For disturbance trials, we explored if transfer rates were different when branches were actively brushed against birds. Both stationary and disturbance trials resulted in successful transfers of A. tsugae to bird mounts, with disturbance trials having significantly higher rates of transfers. Crawler counts from stationary trials increased significantly with local ovisac density. Additionally, we found a nonlinear relationship between crawler transfer and experimental week, with crawler transfer highest at the beginning of sampling in May, coinciding with avian spring migration in Connecticut and the emergence of progrediens crawlers, and spiking again near 14 June, when sistens generation crawlers began to emerge. While many aspects of potential avian dispersal of A. tsugae remain unknown, these results suggest that crawler transfer to birds may occur most often when peak crawler emergence coincides with the northward migration of many small passerine bird species.
Modeling calculation and test research of switching impulse voltage discharge strength

Characteristic of switching impulse discharge plays an important role during the external insulation design of transmission and transformation project. For the determination of calculation method of switching impulse discharge strength, this paper introduces a new elasticity coefficient mathematical model based on the test research of rod-plane air gaps under 50% standard switching impulse voltage. The model is proved to be effective by t verification method. By using the concept of the gap factor, the switching impulse voltages of phase to earth and phase to phase air gaps for typical electrode were calculated, such as two bundle conductor and grading ring. It provides that, in the research distance range 2.5 m to 4.0 m, the deviations between the calculated and test results are small and the average absolute value are not higher than 4%. Calculation model given in this paper can be regarded as theoretical basis for switching impulse voltage discharge strength research, particularly helpful for design and optimization in transmission and transformation projects.
The Sorrow of Parting: Ethnographic Depth and the Role of Emotions

Literature on emotions and the ethnographic method has focused more on ethnographers’ emotions than the importance of informants’ emotions. This essay aims to analytically clarify the undertheorized role of informants’ emotions in fieldwork and to reflect on the consequences of the ethnographer’s need to invite and elicit their informants’ emotional vulnerabilities. Drawing on the anthropology of/from the body, it argues that in “revelatory moments,” when informants express vulnerability, ethnographers perceive the “dual nature of emotions” as particular and biographical as well as universal. Revelatory moments sharpen the analysis of the field and produce emotional intimacy. They can be crucial to achieving ethnographic depth, or thick description, which remains the gold standard of the method. Yet revelatory moments also have unintended consequences such as romanticizing informants and presenting ethical dilemmas. Three examples of emotional intimacy from fieldwork conducted in France and India illustra...
The representation theorem

If a Boolean algebra A is a field of subsets of a set X,and, in particular, if it is the dual algebra of a Boolean space X, then the points of X serve to define 2-valued homomorphisms on A (see §9). This comment suggests that if we start with a Boolean algebra A and seek to represent it as the dual of some Boolean space X, a reasonable place to conduct the search for points suitable to make up X is among the 2-valued homomorphisms of A. The suggestion would be impractical if it turned out that A has no 2-valued homomorphisms. Our first result along these lines is that there is nothing to fear; there is always a plethora of 2-valued homomorphisms.
Infinite and Finite Sets

Infinite sets can behave more strangely than finite ones, at least from the perspective of human beings, whose daily experience is of the finite. The difficulty of dealing with infinite sets was raised by the ancient Greek Zeno in his four “paradoxes;” see [Ang94, Chapter 8] or [Boy91, pp. 74–76] for details. From a modern perspective Zeno’s paradoxes are not paradoxes at all, and can be resolved using tools from real analysis, developed long after Zeno, but this topic is beyond the scope of this text.
The Aminophospholipid Transporter from Human Red Blood Cells

Nearly twenty years ago, Bretscher (1972) proposed that the distribution of phospholipids in the erythrocyte membrane is asymmetric. It is now well established that certain phospholipids preferentially reside in either the inner or outer membrane leaflets of most cell types. For example, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin are predominantly localized in the plasma membrane’s outer leaflet, while phosphatidyl inositol and the aminophospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidyl serine (PS), are primarily localized in the inner leaflet (Gordesky et al., 1975; Verkleij et al., 1973). Recent studies have provided convincing evidence that membrane lipid asymmetry is generated and probably maintained by specific transport proteins or ‘flippases’ (Backer and Dawidowicz, 1987; Bishop and Bell, 1985). One of these transport proteins, the aminophospholipid transporter, is responsible for the movement of PS and PE from the outer leaflet to the inner leaflet of the erythrocyte membrane (Seigneuret and Devaux, 1984; Daleke and Huestis, 1985; Tilley et al., 1986; Connor and Schroit, 1987).
Kinesiology: A Functional Approach to Undergraduate Kinesiology

(1975). Kinesiology. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 46, No. 7, pp. 43-44.
Cav1.2 L-type calcium channels regulate stress coping behavior via serotonin neurons.

Abstract Human genetic variation in the gene CACNA1C, which codes for the alpha-1c subunit of Cav1.2 L-type calcium channels (LTCCs), has been broadly associated with enhanced risk for neuropsychiatric disorders including major depression, bipolar and schizophrenia. Little is known about the specific neural circuits through which CACNA1C and Cav1.2 LTCCs impact disease etiology. However, serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmission has been consistently implicated in these neuropsychiatric disorders and Cav1.2 LTCCs may influence 5-HT neuron activity during relevant behavioral states such as stress. We utilized a temporally controlled and 5-HT neuron specific Cacna1c knockout mouse model to assess stress-coping behavior using the forced swim test and dorsal raphe (DR) 5-HT neuron Fos activation. Furthermore, we assessed 5-HT1A receptor function and feedback inhibition of the DR following administration of the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100635. We find that 5-HT neuron Cacna1c knockout disrupts active-coping behavior in the forced swim test and that this behavioral effect is rescued by blocking 5-HT1A receptors. Moreover, Cacna1c knockout mice display enhanced Fos expression in caudal DR 5-HT neurons and an enhanced response to a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist in rostral DR 5-HT neurons, indicating that loss of Cacna1c disrupts both 5-HT neuron activation and 5-HT1A dependent feedback inhibition across the caudal to rostral DR. Collectively, these results reveal an important role for 5-HT neuron Cav1.2 LTCCs in stress-coping behavior and 5-HT1A receptor function. This suggests that alterations in CACNA1C function or expression could influence the development or treatment of neuropsychiatric disorder through serotonergic mechanisms.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the modified Pilates method versus aerobic exercise in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia: protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Fibromyalgia is characterized by chronic generalized pain, fatigue, sleep disorders and other symptoms. Physical exercise is recommended as the first choice of non-pharmacological therapy. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of modified Pilates exercises compared to aerobic exercises in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. In this randomized controlled trial with blinded assessor, 98 patients who meet the fibromyalgia classification criteria of the American College of Rheumatology 2010, aged between 20 and 75 years, and with pain intensity greater than or equal to 3 points in the Pain Numerical Rating Scale, will be randomly divided into Aerobic Group (aerobic exercises on treadmills or stationary bikes) and Pilates Group (modified Pilates exercises), and treated twice a week for eight weeks on the Center for Excellence in Clinical Research in Physical Therapy at Universidade Cidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. The following outcomes will be evaluated by a blinded assessor at baseline, eight weeks, six months, and 12 months after randomization: impact of fibromyalgia assessed by the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, pain intensity by the Pain Numerical Rating Scale, kinesiophobia by the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, specific disability by the Patient-Specific Functional Scale, functional capacity by the 6-min Walk Test, quality of sleep by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and health-related quality of life by EQ-5D-3L and SF-6D questionnaires. It is expected that the Pilates exercises will be more effective than aerobic exercises in improving clinical outcomes and that this improvement will be maintained over the medium to long term. This study aims to clarify whether the Pilates method can be incorporated into the clinical practice of physical therapists treating patients with fibromyalgia. The study will also provide information on which exercise will be most cost-effective, information that can be used by insurers and public health systems. This study was prospectively registered at the Clinical Trials Registry ( NCT03050606 ) in February 2017.
All-sky polarization imaging of cloud thermodynamic phase

Knowing the cloud thermodynamic phase (if a cloud is composed of ice crystals or liquid droplets) is crucial for many cloud remote sensing measurements. Further, this knowledge can help in simulating and interpreting cloud radiation measurements to better understand the role of clouds in climate, weather, and optical propagation. Knobelspiesse et al. [Atmos. Meas. Tech.8, 1537 (2015)10.5194/amt-8-1537-2015] showed that, for simulated zenith observations, the algebraic sign of the S1 Stokes parameter (related to the difference between perpendicular and parallel linear polarization in the scattering plane) can be used to detect cloud thermodynamic phase when observed with a ground-based passive polarimeter. In this paper, we describe the use of our all-sky imaging polarimeter to experimentally test this proposed method of detecting cloud thermodynamic phase in the entire sky dome. The zenith cloud phase was validated with a dual-polarization lidar instrument.
The practical significance of manometry in pathology of the rectum and anorectum.

In practical usage, manometry of the rectum and anorectum has proven reliable in providing reproducible measurements; among these are the relaxation reflex, the anorectal pressure profile, and the squeeze pressure produced by active voluntary contraction of the anorectum. In differential diagnosis, there are three major areas of indication: (a) as a screening method in patients with fecal retention to differentiate between constipation and neural disorder; (b) evaluation of continence after surgery for anal agenesis or sphincter replacement, and (c) work-up of residual symptoms after surgery for Hirschsprung’s disease. To date, many manometrically obtainable findings have attained chiefly scientific significance.
Predicting mental health help seeking orientations among diverse Undergraduates: An ordinal logistic regression analysis✰.

Abstract Background Recent years have seen a steady increase in college students reporting mental health issues, though only approximately one-third of these students seek treatment. The present study examines: a) students’ perceptions of access to campus provided mental health care; b) student stigma attitudes based on social distance and willingness to disclose mental health issues to campus members who might support help-seeking efforts; and c) the predictive value of five factors (aged older than 22, female gender, completed two or more psychology courses, low stigma, and high perception of access) on help-seeking orientation (HSO). Methods We performed an ordinal logistic regression (OLR) on data from a diverse sample of undergraduates (n = 1,272). The OLR statistical model is more appropriate for measurement of Likert style data than commonly employed statistical models, which may oversimplify attitudinal data by assuming equal intervals between response categories. Results Most students did not know that campus-provided counseling was free or confidential, and almost half did not perceive these services as timely or adequate. Students reported more stigma related to disclosing their own problems than to supporting someone else. All five study predictors retained positive and statistically significant slope associations with a positive HSO. Unexpectedly, we found a statistically significant gender interaction with psychology coursework. Limitations Data were obtained through self-report measures. Conclusions Results are discussed in relation to the possibility that campus-based mental health interventions may remove roadblocks to healthy help-seeking behaviors, particularly for male students.
Sialylation status and mechanical properties of THP-1 macrophages upon LPS stimulation

Cell surface receptors are the key contributors of macrophage function. Most macrophage cell surface receptors are glycoproteins with sialic acids at the terminal of their glycans. It is well recognized that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces cell surface sialylation changes that may in turn contribute to macrophage functions. In addition, cellular mechanics such as elasticity is also a major determinant of macrophage function, which in turn is modulated by LPS. In this report, we characterized the sialylation status of macrophages upon LPS stimulation and assessed the changes in its mechanical properties and function. Specifically, we confirmed that sialylation status is closely related to macrophage biomechanical characteristics (elastic modulus, tether force, tether radius, adhesion force, and membrane tension) and thus directly involved in macrophage function. Further, we modulated macrophage sialylation status by feeding the cell with exogenous free sialic acid (Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc) and sialidase inhibitors, and examined the resulting effects on cellular mechanics and function. A systematic recognition of sialylation status related to cellular mechanics of macrophages will contribute to defining their phenotypes and elucidate macrophage functional diversity.
Resilient Control Design for Load Frequency Control System Under False Data Injection Attacks

Smart power grids are being enhanced by adding a communication infrastructure to improve their reliability, sustainability, and efficiency. Despite all of these significant advantages, their open communication architecture and connectivity renders the power systems’ vulnerability to a range of cyberattacks. This article proposes a novel resilient control system for load frequency control (LFC) system under false data injection (FDI) attacks. It is common to use encryption in data transfer links as the first layer of defending mechanism; here, we propose a second defense layer that can jointly detect and mitigate FDI attacks on power systems. In this article, we propose a new anomaly detection technique that consists of a Luenberger observer and an artificial neural network (ANN). Since FDI attacks can happen rapidly, the observer structure is enhanced by the extended Kalman filter to improve the ANN ability for online detection and estimation. The resilient controller is designed based on the attack estimation, which can eliminate the need for control reconfiguration. The resiliency of the proposed design against FDI attacks is tested on the LFC system. The simulation results clearly show that the proposed control system can successfully detect anomalies and compensate for their adverse effects.
The effect of unit cell size and topology on tensile failure behavior of 2D lattice structures

Abstract In this paper, a theoretical model is proposed to predict the initial failure location and the failure progression of the lattice structures made from the elastic-brittle bulk materials. The effects of size and topology on the tensile failure behavior of multiple representative lattice structures (2D auxetic, 2D diamond, 2D triangular1 and 2D triangular2), under various geometry design conditions (including cell topology, cell size and number of unit cells), are systematically investigated through the proposed analytical model. From the results, it was shown that the 2D bending-dominated structures with lower nodal connectivity (number of struts that meet in joints) (2D auxetic and 2D diamond) exhibited a relatively progressive crack propagation pattern, while the 2D stretching-dominated structures with higher nodal connectivity (2D triangular1 and 2D triangular2) appear to exhibit rather catastrophic brittle fracture failure. During the failure fracture propagation, the energy absorption of the 2D stretching-dominated structures were significantly higher than that of the 2D bending-dominated structures. Moreover, for all lattice designs, the tensile failure behaviors tend to converge to more consistent patterns when the unit cell numbers increase beyond certain limitations.
White matter microstructure in youth with and at risk for bipolar disorder.

Objectives Bipolar disorder (BD) and familial risk for BD have been associated with aberrant white matter (WM) microstructure in the corpus callosum and fronto-limbic pathways. These abnormalities might constitute trait or state marker and have been suggested to result from aberrant maturation and to relate to difficulties in emotion regulation. Methods To determine whether WM alterations represent a trait, disease or resilience marker, we compared youth at risk for BD (n = 36 first-degree relatives, REL) to youth with BD (n = 36) and healthy volunteers (n = 36, HV) using diffusion tensor imaging. Results Individuals with BD and REL did not differ from each other in WM microstructure and, compared to HV, showed similar aberrations in the superior corona radiata (SCR)/corticospinal tract (CST) and the body of the corpus callosum. WM microstructure of the anterior CC showed reduced age-related in-creases in BD compared to REL and HV. Further, individuals with BD and REL showed in-creased difficulties in emotion regulation, which were associated with the microstructure of the anterior thalamic radiation. Discussion Alterations in the SCR/CST and the body of the corpus callosum appear to represent a trait marker of BD, whereas changes in other WM tracts seem to be a disease state marker. Our findings also support the role of aberrant developmental trajectories of WM microstructure in the risk architecture of BD, although longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this association. Finally, our findings show the relevance of WM microstructure for difficulties in emotion regulation-a core characteristic of BD.
Capability study of 2D heat-assisted Mill-Bend process

Integrating bending function into multi-axis machine tools will broaden the capability of current manufacturing equipment. However, capability study must be conducted in order to warranty further exploration of such a hybrid manufacturing strategy. This paper presents the capability study of a heat-assisted Mill-Bend process that implements sheet metal bending on a 3-axis milling machine setup. Specifically, the hypothesis is that sheet metal bending can be effectively performed on milling machines, yielding a commensurable accuracy and repeatability as those from traditional bending machines. To this end, two quality characteristics are evaluated—bending angle and bending radius. In the first part of the work, Taguchi parameter design was used to obtain the optimal process parameters. Under the optimal process parameters, the heat-assisted Mill-Bend process is able to produce an improved consistency on bending angle compared to traditional bending process (15.16% and 17.13% reductions of standard deviation in inner angle and outer angle, respectively) although experiencing a slight increase in spring back. In the second part, an elastic–plastic deformation model was used to predict bending radius. The result shows that the predicted radius agrees well with experimental data. In conclusion, heat-assisted Mill-Bend process produces commensurable bending performance when the process is optimized.
In-vitro and ex-situ regional mass spectral analysis of phospholipids and glucose in the vitreous humor from diabetic and non-diabetic human donors

Abstract The causes of vitreous humor (VH) liquefaction remain unclear. Diabetes accelerates this process and other ocular diseases. The weakening of the blood-retina barrier observed with diabetes could enhance the rate of transfer of relatively small molecules such as glucose (Glu) and phospholipids (PLs) from the retina to the VH. Glucose and PLs have been detected previously in VH but their regional distributions are not known. The mapping of Glu and PLs in VHs from subjects with and without diabetes could reveal the roles of these molecules in VH liquefaction. Diabetic and non-diabetic human eyes were acquired from the Kentucky Lions Eye Bank and frozen immediately. Each VH was removed and halved along the sagittal plane. One half was stamped on a matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) plate. Either p-Nitroanaline (26 mg/mL MeOH:CHCl3) or 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (20 mg/mL H2O:acetonitrile) was used as matrix. Glu and PLs were extracted from the remaining sections and analyzed. Data were acquired using a MALDI-mass spectrometer. The levels of Glu and PLs were significantly greater in VH from diabetics (VHd) compared with VH from non-diabetics (VHnd). VHds showed the highest relative levels of PLs in the posterior VH, followed by the anterior and central regions. Throughout the entire VH, the most abundant PLs were phosphatidylcholines followed by sphingomyelins. For Glu, the relative intensities were ~3 times higher in the posterior region of VHd (12 ± 1.3) compared with VHnd (6.5 ± 0.7) VHs. Regional studies showed that relative to the posterior VHd, the Glu levels were lower in the anterior (8.1 ± 1.0) and central (6.7 ± 0.8) regions. For the VHnds, the values for the central and anterior regions were 5.9 ± 1.2 and 4.7 ± 0.9, respectively. PLs and Glu are most abundant in the posterior region relative to the central and anterior zones of VHs. This trend was observed in VHd and VHnd, but PLs and Glu levels were significantly higher in VHds. These results support the possibility that higher levels of Glu and PLs accelerate VH liquefaction in diabetic patients. As liquefaction begins in the posterior region, the higher abundance of PLs and Glu in this zone also suggests that they may play a role in liquefaction. The specific molecular interactions affected by Glu and PLs in the collagen/hyaluronan/water network need to be examined.
Genetic Variation of Jinzaoshi Persimmon from Different Regions in Zhejiang Province

The germplasm resources of Jinzaoshi persimmon in Zhejiang Province were investigated,so as to probe the genetic diversity of Jinzaoshi persimmon from different regions. The genetic variation of collected germplams,including 37 Jinzaoshi and 3 local varieties,was analyzed by SSR molecular marker,together with phenotypic traits and fruit nutrients contents. The results showed Jinzaoshi persimmon possessed a rich diversity on morphology. The variable coefficient about 14 phenotypic characters ranged from 7. 23% to 23. 54%. The variable coefficient of sepal length and persimmon calyx length were the largest. The fruit shape index and leaf index had the least variation. The fruit nutrient contents ranged from 9. 58%( soluble solid content) to 66. 21%( tannin content). Twenty-one primers were used to amplify 381 SSR local in 40 test materials,with an average polymorphism rate of 92. 89%. The cluster analysis conducted by UPGMA showed that the materials tested could be distinguished and divided into three major groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0. 74,which was similar to the relationship of PCoA analysis.
Increasing severity of anemia is associated with poorer 30-day outcomes for total shoulder arthroplasty.

Background Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) has increased in utilization over the past several decades. Anemia is a common preoperative condition among patients undergoing TSA and has been associated with poorer outcomes in other surgical procedures. To the best of our knowledge, no study has analyzed the association between anemia severity and TSA outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effects that increasing severity of anemia may have on the postoperative outcomes in patients receiving primary TSA. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed using the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Project database from the years 2015 to 2018. Current Procedure Terminology code 23472 was used to identify all primary TSA procedures recorded during this time frame. Patients with greater than 38% preoperative hematocrit (HCT) were classified as having normal HCT levels. Patients with HCT values between 33% and 38% were classified as having mild anemia. All patients with less than 33% HCT were classified as having moderate/severe anemia. Patient demographic information, preoperative risk factors, and postoperative outcomes were compared among the 3 cohorts. A multivariate logistic regression including demographic factors and comorbidities was performed to determine whether increasing severity of anemia is independently associated with poorer postoperative outcomes. Results Of the 15,185 patients included in this study, 11,404 had normal HCT levels, 2962 patients were mildly anemic, and 819 patients had moderate to severe anemia. With increasing severity of anemia, there was an increased average hospital length of stay (1.6 vs. 2.1 vs. 3.0 days, P < .001), rate of readmissions (2.3% vs. 4.8% vs. 7.0%, P < .001), and rate of all reoperations (1.1% vs. 1.8% vs. 3.1%, P < .001). There was a statistically significant increase in both minor (1.9% vs. 2.7% vs. 4.4%, P < .001) and major (1.2% vs. 2.4% vs. 4.3%, P < .001) postoperative complication rates as well. Multivariate analysis identified anemia as an independent predictor of readmissions, reoperations, minor complications, and major complications. Conclusion We found increasing severity of anemia to be associated with progressively worse 30-day postoperative outcomes. This is consistent with the outcomes found for increasing severity of anemia in patients receiving other total joint procedures. Using preoperative HCT levels may be a useful tool for predicting the risk of postoperative complications in patients undergoing TSA. This information could be used to further optimize patient selection for primary TSA.
Histologic Antibody-mediated Kidney Allograft Rejection in the Absence of Donor-specific HLA Antibodies.

Histologic antibody-mediated rejection (hAMR) is defined as a kidney allograft biopsy satisfying the first 2 Banff criteria for diagnosing antibody-mediated rejection (AMR): tissue injury and evidence of current/recent antibody interaction with the endothelium. In approximately one-half of such cases, circulating HLA donor specific antibodies (DSA) are not detectable by current methodology at the time of biopsy. Some studies indicated a better prognosis for HLA-DSA-negative cases of hAMR compared to those with detectable HLA-DSA, whereas others found equally poor survival compared to hAMR-negative cases. We reviewed the literature regarding the pathophysiology of HLA-DSA-negative hAMR. We find 3 nonmutually exclusive possibilities: 1) HLA-DSA are involved, but just not detected; 2) non-HLA DSA (allo- or autoantibodies) are pathogenically involved; and/or 3) antibody-independent NK cell activation is mediating the process through "missing self" or other activating mechanisms. These possibilities are discussed in detail. Recommendations regarding the approach to such patients are made. Clearly, more research is necessary regarding the measurement of non-HLA antibodies, recipient/donor NK cell genotyping, and the use of antibody reduction therapy or other immunosuppression in any subset of patients with HLA-DSA-negative hAMR.
Retropharyngeal abscess- An unusual complication in a COVID-19 patient

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has generated many challenges for physicians, including multiple long-term effects that are still being studied. We report a CASE of patient who developed a retropharyngeal abscess post-COVID19 infection. We report a CASE of a female who was diagnosed with COVID19 pneumonia and hospitalized for a week at an outside institute. Approximately 3 weeks post discharge she developed neck pain, dysphagia, voice change and odynophagia for which she went to an outside emergency department. A soft tissue neck CT was performed and was concerning for retropharyngeal abscess. The patient was then transferred to our institution. On arrival, a CT scan of the neck and nasopharyngoscopy were performed and biopsies of the epiglottis and right inferior tonsillar pole were taken. Biopsies of the epiglottis and tonsil showed acute inflammation, spongiosis, edema and marked dilation of the lymphatics. Her clinical course was complicated by persistent infection requiring multiple washouts, hyperglycemia, tube feed intolerance, dysphagia and deconditioning. A multi-disciplinary approach was instituted for appropriate management. This case report highlights the necessity for close follow up after recovery from COVID-19 infection, particularly in patients with multiple comorbidities.
4 The effects of clodronate disodium on normal and inflamed equine cartilage in vitro

Bisphosphonates (BP) are a group of drugs which modulate osteoclastic resorption and alter bone turnover. BP are only approved for use in navicular syndrome in adult horses, however, these drugs are being used off-label for their potential anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects. When the BP, clodronate disodium (CLO), is administered intramuscularly at the labeled dose, synovial fluid concentrations are detectable within 2 h of administration. There are currently no published studies evaluating the effects of CLO on equine joint tissues. This study evaluated the effects of CLO on normal and inflamed equine cartilage explants in vitro. Cartilage explants were collected from the femorotibial joints of 3 horses which underwent euthanasia for reasons other than stifle osteoarthritis. Only visually normal cartilage was selected for biopsy. The harvested cartilage from each femorotibial joint was subdivided into 24-well plates. Cartilage explants were subjected to 6 different treatments with 8 replicates each, after a 24 h equilibration period: Control (Con), CLO 5 ng/ml (C/lo), CLO 50 ng/ml (C/hi), rEqIL-1β 10 ng/ml (IL), C/lo plus IL (ILC/lo) and C/hi concentration plus IL (ILC/hi). Explant culture media was collected every 24 h and stored at −20°C until analysis of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and nitric oxide (NO) content using a Dimethylmethylene Blue (DMMB) assay and a Greiss reaction, respectively. At the conclusion of the experiment (96 h), cartilage explants were papain-digested and GAG were quantified using a DMMB assay. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED procedure (SAS 9.4), where horses were considered a random effect, and treatment and day were fixed effects. For all analyses, values of P
Invariance of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale Across Different Groups of Adolescents and Young Adults.

Background:Cross-group comparisons of household food insecurity and its associations using multiple-item scales assume that scale scores can be interpreted as identical across groups. However, scor...
Efficacy of prophylactic inferior vena caval filters in prevention of pulmonary embolism in the absence of deep venous thrombosis.

There is an increasing use of inferior vena caval filters (IVCFs) as prophylactic activity in the absence of a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) to prevent pulmonary embolism (PE) in high-risk patients. These devices are effective in preventing PE in the presence of lower extremity DVT, when anticoagulation is contraindicated or has failed. An electronic databases search of MEDLINE, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for relevant articles listed between January 2000 and December 2014 was performed. The review was confined to patients without a history of previous venous thromboembolism and no evidence of changes on venous duplex imaging suggestive of previous DVT. At present, the use of prophylactic IVCF is predominantly in the trauma, orthopedic, and bariatric surgical populations. Currently, no class I studies exist to support insertion of an IVCF in a patient without an established DVT or PE. However, there is a body of class II and class III evidence that would support the use of IVCFs in certain "high-risk" patients who do not have a documented DVT or the occurrence of a PE. Widespread use of prophylactic IVCFs is not supported by evidence and should be discouraged.
Game Theoretic Optimal Sensor Deployment

In noncooperative games, players are self-interested and aim to maximize their own utilities. The selfishness makes the decision-making of players naturally distributed. This attractive feature is evident in a large number of game theoretic learning algorithms, e.g., better and best reply dynamics. As a result, game theoretic learning provides a powerful arsenal for the synthesis of efficient distributed algorithms to multi-agent networks. This chapter will discuss one of its applications to sensor deployment.
Elder care provider fact sheets.

To address the challenge of educating primary care physicians in the care of older adults, the University of Arizona College of Medicine's Reynolds Program of Applied Geriatrics publishes Elder Care Provider Fact Sheets in the Arizona Geriatrics Society Journal twice a year. These two-page, practical, evidenced-based Provider Fact Sheets summarize important geriatric topics, provide useful clinical assessments and interventions, and are featured on the Arizona Reynold's Program of Applied Geriatrics Web site (http://www.reynolds.med.arizona.edu/EduProducts/physicianfacts.cfm).
Mathematical Modeling of Prion Aggregate Dynamics and Transmission in Yeast

Prion proteins are responsible for a variety of neurodegenerative diseases in mammals such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans and “mad-cow diease” (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or BSE) in cattle. While these diseases are fatal to mammals, a host of harmless phenotypes have been associated with prion proteins in the yeast S. cerevisiae, making yeast an ideal model organism for prion diseases. According to the prion hypothesis, new phenotypes arise when misfolded versions of a protein appears and are joined together in aggregates. The misfolded (prion) state is infectious and can spread to normal proteins within the cell by converting their conformation to the misfolded state. Most mathematical approaches to modeling prion dynamics have focused on either the protein dynamics in isolation, absent from a changing cellular environment, or modeling prion dynamics in a population of cells by considering the “average” behavior. However, such models have been unable to recapitulate in vivo properties of yeast prion strains including experimentally observed rates of prion loss. We have developed physiologically relevant models by considering both the prions and their yeast host. We first generalize a previously developed nucleated polymerization model for aggregate dynamics. We next discuss a stochastic model of prion protein dynamics in the context of a growing yeast culture. Our model is based on a stochastic chemical reaction network within a cell and a Crump–Mode–Jagers branching process model of population growth. In order to simultaneously conform to observations of two distinct prion strains we uncovered several novel aspects of prion biology that had not been previously reported in either the mathematical or biological communities. Most importantly, in conjunction with yeast prion biologists, we demonstrated that prion aggregate transmission depends strongly on aggregate size.
Toward A Systems Theory for the Composition of Dynamically Dexterous Robot Behaviors

We report on our efforts to develop robot controller composition techniques in the context of dexterous “batting” maneuvers. A robot with a flat paddle is required to strike repeatedly at a falling ball until its height is regulated and it is brought to zero horizontal velocity at a specified position. The robot’s workspace is cluttered with obstacles that disconnect the freespace formed when the ball and paddle remain in contact — the machine is forced to “let go” for a time in order to bring the ball to the desired state. The controller compositions that we create will guarantee that a ball introduced in the “safe workspace” remains there and is ultimately brought to the goal. We believe that the developing systems discipline described herein may be extended to build a variety of useful dexterous machines that are similarly single-minded in their pursuit of the user’s goal behavior and ability to surmount unanticipated perturbations along the way.
Teaching Decolonization: Reacquisition of Indian Lands Within and Without the Box - An Essay

The mythologies of the doctrines of discovery and conquest, and the domestication of Indian treaty law are considered in light of the developing International legal standards on the rights of Indigenous peoples set out in the draft declaration on the rights of Indigenous peoples. The development of federal law principles relating to Indian lands and resources is considered, and the international standards are applied to the question of reacquisition of lands by Indian peoples.
An algorithm for the optimal tuning of fuzzy PID controllers on precision measuring device

A new computability methodology was proposed for the fuzzy proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers based on the theoretical fuzzy analysis and the downhill simplex optimization. The paper analyzes the algorithm of downhill simplex searching of the optimization objective functions. The input and objective function of downhill factors were selected for constructing optimal decision rules for the fuzzy logic controller. An optimizer was built around the simplex algorithm that it minimized a simplex within an N-dimensional. The sampling rate is 0.1 and the controllers are implemented under a 0.5 second time delay. The simulation confirmed the viability of the algorithm in its effectiveness of the adaptive fuzzy logic controller.
On-the-fly rotamer pair energy evaluation in protein design

Most existing algorithms for protein design, including thosein the Rosetta molecular modeling program, precompute energies for rotamerpairs, since these energies can be examined repeatedly. Simulatedannealing algorithms, however, do not examine these energies with thesame frequency; while some are examined many times, others may not beexamined at all. This paper compares strategies for computing these energieson the fly and caching computed energy values that are likely to bereused. By avoiding the expense of computing pair energies that are notexamined by simulated annealing, we show that some caching strategiesnot only improve running time in design, but also use 90% less memory,which allows design computations to be performed on memory-limited machines.
Flavor Production at Low Energies

A brief examination of the physics we hope to learn from flavor production processes at low energies is presented. Results from the PS185 hyperon (strangeness) production experiment [2] at LEAR are discussed in a framework suitable for reactions taking place near threshold. Possible directions for future work in this field are outlined at the end.
The efficacy of DPT and oral poliomyelitis immunization schedules initiated from birth to 12 weeks of age.

Infants should receive live trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (TOPV) and DPT immunization as early in life as possible in order to minimize the time that they are at risk of contracting these vaccine-preventable diseases. Passively acquired circulating maternal antibodies provide protection in the 1st few weeks or months of life. Although these antibodies may modify or block the serum immune response during the 1st few weeks of life the 1st or priming dose of DPT can be given effectively after 4 weeks of age. TOPV administered to infants during the 1st week of life results in intestinal infections and local immune responses in 50-100% of infants and serum antibody responses in 30-70% of infants. The serum antibody response following TOPV administration at 4-8 weeks of age is as effective as vaccine administered to older infants. The WHO Program on Immunization recommends initiating DPT and TOPV schedules at 6 weeks of age. In countries where poliomyelitis has not been controlled TOPV should be given at birth or at 1st contact with the health services then at 6 weeks of age followed by 2 additional doses 4 weeks apart. (authors) (summary in FRE)
The science of vacuum erectile device in penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy

Introduction: Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a standard surgical treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer. Erectile dysfunction (ED) and penile shrinkage are common complications. Vacuum Erectile Device (VED) therapy uses negative pressure to distend the corporal sinusoids and to increase blood inflow into the penis. It is the second most commonly used method for penile rehabilitation after RP. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. This paper is designed to review the scientific evidences of VED therapy after RP and discuss the possible mechanisms. Methods: We reviewed published papers of post-prostatectomy penile rehabilitation using VED. We analyzed the scientific evidences of VED therapy and discussed the possible underlying mechanisms. Results: There are existing clinical evidences for VED therapy to improve ED and preserve penile size. Emerging basic scientific evidence is available and further study is still needed to understand the mechanisms at the molecular level. Conclusions: Current clinical evidences support the safety, tolerability, effectiveness and benefits of early VED therapy after RP. The available basic scientific evidences demonstrate that VED therapy for penile rehabilitation is achieved by increasing arterial inflow, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic and anti-hypoxia mechanisms.
Clinical outcomes with daptomycin: a post-marketing, real-world evaluation

The Cubicin Outcomes Registry and Experience (CORE) is an ongoing, retrospective, post-marketing database of daptomycin use in the USA. Although non-comparative, CORE offers insight into real-life clinical experience with daptomycin in various Gram-positive infections and specific patient types. Analyses of daptomycin treatment outcomes using the CORE database revealed that treatment with daptomycin has resulted in high rates of clinical success for a variety of Gram-positive infections, including indicated infections such as complicated skin and soft tissue infections, Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and right-sided infective endocarditis, and non-indicated infections such as osteomyelitis. Treatment outcomes did not differ significantly according to the causative pathogen for any of the analyses performed and were not influenced by the vancomycin MIC. Patients frequently received therapy with alternative antibiotics prior to treatment with daptomycin, particularly those patients with more serious infections. However, similar treatment outcomes were observed when daptomycin was used as first-line therapy or as salvage therapy, demonstrating the effectiveness of daptomycin in the treatment of these patients.
La territorialidad rural mexicana en un contexto de descentralización y competencia electoral

EN UN CONTEXTO DE GLOBALIZACION Y APERTURA POLITICA EL PANORAMA DEL MEXICO RURAL PRESENTA CARACTERISTICAS INEDITAS. EN EL PRESENTE ARTICULO ABORDAMOS LA TRANSFORMACION RURAL COMO CAMBIO INSTITUCIONAL. TOMANDO COMO CASO DE ESTUDIO UN MUNICIPIO RURAL DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO ILUSTRAMOS LOS CAMBIOS DEL EJIDO Y EL AYUNTAMIENTO, DOS INSTITUCIONES QUE HAN CONFORMANDO EL ESPACIO RURAL MEXICANO. LA CAIDA DE LA AGRICULTURA DE SUBSISTENCIA, EL CRECIMIENTO DEMOGRAFICO, LA DESCENTRALIZACION POLITICA Y ECONOMICA DEL GOBIERNO FEDERAL HACIA LOS MUNICIPIOS Y LA COMPETENCIA ELECTORAL A NIVEL LOCAL SON FACTORES QUE ESTAN CONTRIBUYENDO A LA DECADENCIA DEL EJIDO Y PARALELAMENTE AL SURGIMIENTO DEL AYUNTAMIENTO.
Targeting Neuronal Networks with Combined Drug and Stimulation Paradigms Guided by Neuroimaging to Treat Brain Disorders

Improved therapy of brain disorders can be achieved by focusing on neuronal networks, utilizing combined pharmacological and stimulation paradigms guided by neuroimaging. Neuronal networks that mediate normal brain functions, such as hearing, interact with other networks, which is important but commonly neglected. Network interaction changes often underlie brain disorders, including epilepsy. “Conditional multireceptive” (CMR) brain areas (e.g., brainstem reticular formation and amygdala) are critical in mediating neuroplastic changes that facilitate network interactions. CMR neurons receive multiple inputs but exhibit extensive response variability due to milieu and behavioral state changes and are exquisitely sensitive to agents that increase or inhibit GABA-mediated inhibition. Enhanced CMR neuronal responsiveness leads to expression of emergent properties—nonlinear events—resulting from network self-organization. Determining brain disorder mechanisms requires animals that model behaviors and neuroanat...
Stress e malattia nel bambino

Negli adulti e stata dimostrata l’esistenza di una connessione tra la reattivita comportamentale allo stress e il conseguente stato di salute; altrettanto non e stato mostrato nei neonati e nei bambini molto piccoli. In questo studio e stata esaminata la capacita dei neonati di reprimere la risposta comportamentale e corticosurrenale a eventi intensamente dolorosi, nonche la relazione tra le risposte comportamentali e l’incidenza di malattie a 18 e 24 mesi di eta.