cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mesonephric carcinosarcoma involving uterine cervix and vagina: report of 2 cases with immunohistochemical positivity For PAX2, PAX8, and GATA-3.

Mesonephric carcinomas are rare tumors predominantly arising in the uterine cervix from mesonephric remnants. Although the tumor has classic morphologic features, some cases can mimic Mullerian adenocarcinoma and be misdiagnosed, especially those with significant ductal pattern. Moreover, there is an overlap in immunohistochemical results with endometrial and endocervical carcinomas. In this study, we report 2 cases of mesonephric carcinosarcoma, originally diagnosed as Mullerian carcinomas, 1 presenting in the vagina; review immunohistochemical results including positivity for GATA-3, not previously reported and comment on the proposed panel of PAX8, p16, and estrogen receptors as discriminators of Mullerian adenocarcinoma (endocervical or endometrial) versus mesonephric carcinoma.
An Observational Methodology for Studying Group Design Activity

A methodology for observing and analyzing group design activity is presented. This methodology is based on ethnographic and interaction analysis methods from the social sciences. Using it to study collaborative design activity leads to a descriptive analysis that identifies what resources the designers use and what obstacles they must overcome to accomplish their work. Based on this analysis, a better understanding of the needs of designers can be used to guide the design of tools to support group design activity. For example, this analysis led to an understanding of the role of hand gestures in collaborative design activity. Gestures are used to help demonstrate actions and establish shared reference. Hand gestures are often conducted in relation to sketches and other objects in the shared workspace. Descriptions of how to record group activity on videotape, represent and analyze the data (using a hypertext system), and abstract general observations from the data are presented.
Remote sensing of emergent and submerged wetlands: an overview

To plan for wetland protection and responsible coastal development, scientists and managers need to monitor changes in the coastal zone, as the sea level continues to rise and the coastal population keeps expanding. Advances in sensor design and data analysis techniques are now making remote-sensing systems practical and cost-effective for monitoring natural and human-induced coastal changes. Multispectral and hyperspectral imagers, light detection and ranging lidar, and radar systems are available for mapping coastal marshes, submerged aquatic vegetation, coral reefs, beach profiles, algal blooms, and concentrations of suspended particles and dissolved substances in coastal waters. Since coastal ecosystems have high spatial complexity and temporal variability, they should be observed with high spatial, spectral, and temporal resolutions. New satellites, carrying sensors with fine spatial 0.4–4 m or spectral 200 narrow bands resolution, are now more accurately detecting changes in coastal wetland extent, ecosystem health, biological productivity, and habitat quality. Using airborne lidars, one can produce topographic and bathymetric maps, even in moderately turbid coastal waters. Imaging radars are sensitive to soil moisture and inundation and can detect hydrologic features beneath the vegetation canopy. Combining these techniques and using time-series of images enables scientists to study the health of coastal ecosystems and accurately determine long-term trends and short-term changes.
Developmental profile of serum androgens and estrous cyclicity of male and female rats exposed, perinatally, to maternally administered phenytoin

Pregnant rats were treated, daily, with either 10, 50 or 100 mg/kg of phenytoin-Na from day 17 of gestation through postpartum day 7. The male and female offspring exposed to the 2 higher doses of phenytoin had smaller body weights at birth than the diluent-treated rats, and this subnormal body weight gain persisted throughout the life of the affected animals. In contrast, the anticonvulsant produced no adverse effects on the developmental profile of serum androstenedione, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone or estrous cyclicity in the exposed male and female offspring, respectively. In spite of the normal concentrations of serum androgens, the seminal vesicles of the adult rats exposed to the 50 and 100 mg/kg doses of phenytoin were significantly smaller than the diluent-treated males.
A 60GHz on-chip RF-Interconnect with λ/4 coupler for 5Gbps bi-directional communication and multi-drop arbitration

A 5Gbps bi-directional RF-Interconnect (RF-I) with multi-drop and arbitration capabilities is designed and realized in 65nm CMOS. The baseband data are modulated in RF-I by using a 60GHz carrier in ASK format. An on-chip differential transmission line (TL) is used as the communication channel, which minimizes the latency (9ps/mm) only under the speed-of-light limitation. We insert λ/4 directional couplers for implementing multi-drops without signal reflection. We also use MOS switches along the signal path to reconfigure/arbitrate communication priority for multi-drops. This design consists of four TX/RX drops along a 5.5mm TL ring, supports destructive reading with fixed priority, and can reconfigure any drop as the transmitter. The tested data rate of the RF-I is 5Gbps with lower than 10−12 BER. The average power consumptions for the link are 1.33pJ/b and 0.24pJ/b/mm.
Social structure, crime, and social control: An examination of factors influencing rates and probabilities of arrest

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship of structural factors to the exercise of social control. The research extended prior analyses by focusing on intrastate rates of arrest and arrest certainty at the county level, with separate analyses of metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. Findings indicate that structural variables were correlated with the use of arrest and arrest certainty. Structural variables also had a direct effect on arrest patterns in multivariate analyses when crime rates were controlled. However, unemployment alone had a significant direct effect on the use of arrest and arrest certainty when urbanization was also controlled. This effect was observed only in metropolitan counties; crime rates alone influenced the use of arrest in nonmetropolitan areas.
Continuum simulations of directional dependence of crack growth along a copper/sapphire bicrystal interface. Part I: experiments and crystal plasticity background

Abstract Cracks that exhibit relative amounts of ductility along a copper/sapphire bicrystal interface are simulated within the context of continuum mechanics. The specimen in question exhibits a directional dependence of fracture; that is a crack oriented in one direction along the copper/sapphire interface propagates much more during a given load increment than does the crack oriented to propagate in the opposite direction along the interface. This phenomenon had previously been explained on the basis of an energetic competition between dislocation nucleation and cleavage failure at the two crack tips using both the Rice and Thomson (Philos. Mag. 29 (1974) 73) model as well as the more recent type of dislocation nucleation analysis by Rice (J. Mech. Phys. Solids 40 (1992) 239) based on a Peierls-like stress vs. displacement relationship on the slip plane. However, recent experiments by Kysar (Acta Mater. 48 (2000) 3509) have shown that the orientation of the directional dependence of fracture in the copper/sapphire bicrystal is opposite to that predicted on the basis of dislocation nucleation arguments. The goal of the present work is to attempt to explain the directional dependence of fracture solely on the basis of continuum mechanics. In Part I of this pair of papers we review the main results of the experiments and then set the stage for a series of finite element analyses of the bicrystal specimen by reviewing the fundamentals of single crystal plasticity and the general features of crack tip fields in single crystals. We then discuss two different constitutive hardening models for single crystals and predict that, depending on the hardening model, regions of single-slip around the crack tip may degenerate into regions of triple slip. This leads to a discussion of how the near-tip displacement field can change dramatically with constitutive models. Next the constitutive properties used in the simulations are fit to experimental data. Finally we describe the finite element meshes and procedures for simulating the stationary and quasistatically growing cracks. The simulation results are reported in Part II.
Residual interaction and the deformation of nuclei

Abstract The influence of short-range (delta-function) two-body interactions on the equilibrium deformation of nuclei at the beginning of the (2s-1d) shell has been studied. The moment of inertia, the equilibrium deformation, and the energy of β vibrations, have been calculated as a function of the strength of the interaction.
LOCALIZATION OF ACID PHOSPHATASE IN LIPOFUSCIN GRANULES AND POSSIBLE AUTOPHAGIC VACUOLES IN INTERSTITIAL CELLS OF THE GUINEA PIG TESTIS

The intracellular localization of acid phosphatase in guinea pig testicular interstitial cells was investigated by incubating nonfrozen thick sections of glutaraldehyde-perfused testis in a modified Gomori medium and preparing the tissue for electron microscopy. Lipofuscin pigment granules in these cells contain dense pigment, granular matrix, and often a lipid droplet. Reaction product is seen in the matrix of the pigment granules, and they may therefore be called residual bodies. At least some of the dense pigment appears to be derived from myelin figures and membrane whorls, since suitable intermediates can be seen. Lipid droplets found free in the cytoplasm are another possible source of pigment. In both cases the chemical mechanism is presumed to be autoxidation of unsaturated lipid. Acid phosphatase is present in the inner cisterna of Golgi elements. Enzyme activity also appears in possible autophagic vacuoles bounded by double membranes; the reaction product lies between the membranes. Consideration of the enzyme as a tracer suggests that the autophagic vacuoles are derived from the Golgi complex. Possible stages in the formation of these vacuoles by the inner Golgi cisternae are observed.
Reverse triiodothyronine in the chicken.

Abstract Reverse triiodothyronine (rT 3 ) which is apparently a product of 5-monodeiodination of thyroxine (T 4 ) at the periphery, was measured in 199 chickens of various strains. rT 3 was virtually absent in young birds (less than 1 week to 8 weeks of age) in marked contrast to the elevated rT 3 levels found in human and other mammalian neonates. At one to two years of age there was a significant increase in the number of birds with detectable rT 3 . However, rT 3 concentrations were low and often close to the detection limits of the assay in contrast to significant rT 3 levels found in mammals (man, monkey, sheep, rat and dog). An apparent sex difference in relation to rT 3 formation was noted; 46.4% of 97 females and 9.3% of 54 males showed detectable rT 3 levels. The observations described suggest a species difference in regard to peripheral T 4 monodeiodination between birds and mammals.
An Evaluation of an Alcohol and Drug Treatment Program for Homeless Substance Abusers

This article evaluates a residential alcohol/drug treatment program for the homeless. The process evaluation documents numerous deviations from the program as designed and other implementation prob...
Evidence for the existence of an unusual structure in the nanorods of InSb

Motivated by the recent prediction that InSb nanometer-diameter filaments can exhibit exotic physical properties, we have synthesized this material and have characterized the filaments. In this report, we describe the finding of an unusual phase of InSb. This new phase occurs when an InSb filament has a diameter of less than 100 nm. High-resolution X-ray-diffraction studies of InSb filaments, having radii ≅33.0 nm, indicate the InSb crystal lattice to be tetragonal, S.G. I4/mmm, with a unit-cell volume 12 times larger than that of the β-tin phase observed in bulk InSb above 2.0 GPa. The density of an InSb nanorod, as calculated from X-ray-diffraction data, is ∼22% more than that of the zinc-blende phase of InSb at ambient conditions, implying that the nanorod experiences a pressure of ∼2 GPa. In contrast, InSb nanorods with radii ≥50.0 nm are observed to show zinc-blende structure and densities nearly the same as that of the bulk.
On Stochastic Orders for Sums of Independent Random Variables

In this paper, it is shown that a convolution of uniform distributions (a) is more dispersed and (b) has a smaller hazard rate when the scale parameters of the uniform distributions are more dispersed in the sense of majorization. It is also shown that a convolution of gamma distributions with a common shape parameter greater than 1 is larger in (a) likelihood ratio order and (b) dispersive order when the scale parameters are more dispersed in the sense of majorization.
Use of the fast Hartley transform for three-dimensional dose calculation in radionuclide therapy

Effective radioimmunotherapy may depend on a priori knowledge of the radiation absorbed dose distribution obtained by trace imaging activities administered to a patient before treatment. A new, fast, and effective treatment planning approach is developed to deal with a heterogeneous activity distribution. Calculation of the three-dimensional absorbed dose distribution requires convolution of a cumulated activity distribution matrix with a point-source kernel; both are represented by large matrices (64×64×64). To reduce the computation time required for these calculations, an implementation of convolution using three-dimensional (3-D) fast Hartley transform (FHT) is realized. Using the 3-D FHT convolution, absorbed dose calculation time was reduced over 1000 times. With this system, fast and accurate absorbed dose calculations are possible in radioimmunotherapy. This approach was validated in simple geometries and then was used to calculate the absorbed dose distribution for a patient’s tumor and a bone marrow sample.
Citizens or cosmopolitans? Nationalism, internationalism, and academic identity in the early American republic

Historically, the changing roles of academics have often been associated with changing relations between scholarship and the state. What functions did the state expect scholars to fulfill? Using a historical–biographical approach, this essay considers the example of early nineteenth-century astronomer Ferdinand Rudolf Hassler, who immigrated to the United States from Switzerland in 1805 and whose contributions to various scientific projects during the next decade (i.e., the final decade of the Napoleonic Wars) revealed a key shift in modern academic identity—a shift from cosmopolitanism to nationalism shaped by the political anxieties and geopolitical uncertainties of his time. Hassler’s involvement with a US coastal survey and the construction of a US national observatory raised doubts about the extent to which a scholar (particularly an immigrant scholar) could be a “cosmopolitan” and a “servant of the state” simultaneously. Hassler, like others of his generation, failed to balance these competing and perhaps fundamentally incompatible roles. His case, together with his own commentary on his experiences, sheds light on similar dilemmas facing so-called global scholars today.
The influence of storage temperature on spore viability of Mattesia trogodermae (Protozoa: Neogregarinida)☆

Abstract The viability of Mattesia trogodermae spores stored at different temperatures was assessed by the percentage infection induced in 30-day-old Trogoderma glabrum larvae. Exposure to 73°C and higher temperatures for 30 min was lethal to the spores. Spores stored at −19°C survived better than those stored at 26.7°, 3.5°, or −30°C.
Combined effects of cadmium and zinc on growth, tolerance, and metal accumulation in Chara australis and enhanced phytoextraction using EDTA.

Abstract Chara australis (R. Br.) is a macrophytic alga that can grow in and accumulate Cd from artificially contaminated sediments. We investigated the effects of Zn independently and in combination with Cd on C. australis growth, metal tolerance, and uptake. Plant growth was reduced at concentrations ≥75 mg Zn (kg soil)−1. Zn also increased the concentration of glutathione in the plant, suggesting alleviation of stress. Phytotoxic effects were observed at ≥250 mg added Zn (kg soil)−1. At 1.5 mg Zn (kg soil)−1, the rhizoid bioconcentration factor (BCF) was >1.0 for both Cd and Zn. This is a criterion for hyperaccumulator status, a commonly used benchmark for utility in remediation of contaminated soils by phytoextraction. There was no significant interaction between Cd and Zn on accumulation, indicating that Chara should be effective at phytoextraction of mixed heavy metal contamination in sediments. The effects of the chelator, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), were also tested. Moderate levels of EDTA increased Cd and Zn accumulation in rhizoids and Cd BCF of shoots, enhancing Chara′s potential in phytoremediation. This study demonstrates for the first time the potential of macroalgae to remove metals from sediments in aquatic systems that are contaminated with a mixture of metals.
Applications of immunoassay methods to drug disposition studies

(1987). Applications of immunoassay methods to drug disposition studies. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 83-129.
Ramp-and-hold force control in the upper and lower lips: developing new neuromotor assessment applications in traumatically brain injured adults.

The relation among several parameters of the ramp-and-hold force contraction and target force level was quantified for the upper and lower lip in 40 normal adults and in 4 young adults who had sust...
Regulation of the extracellular matrix remodeling by lutein in dermal fibroblasts, melanoma cells, and ultraviolet radiation exposed fibroblasts

With aging and cancer there is increased expression or activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade and remodel the structural extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, exposure of skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (photoaging) leads to loss of cell viability, membrane damage, and deposition of excessive elastotic material. Lutein has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, photoprotective, and anti-carcinogenic properties. The goal of this research was to investigate lutein's anti-aging and anti-carcinogenic effects via the regulation of the extracellular matrix remodeling. To this purpose, the effects of lutein on the expression of MMPs and their inhibitors (TIMPs, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases) in dermal fibroblasts (intrinsic aging) and melanoma cells were examined. Further, for lutein's photoprotective effects, the regulation of cell viability, membrane integrity, and elastin expression in the non-irradiated, and UVA or UVB radiation exposed fibroblasts were analyzed. Lutein significantly inhibited MMP-1 expression, transcriptionally, and MMP-2 protein levels in dermal fibroblasts, without altering TIMPs expression. It significantly inhibited MMP-1 expression in melanoma cells while stimulating TIMP-2. Lutein did not alter fibroblast or melanoma cell viability or membrane integrity. In ultraviolet radiation exposed fibroblasts, lutein improved cell viability, membrane integrity and inhibited elastin expression, though more significantly in the UVB exposed fibroblasts. In summary, the mechanism to lutein's anti-aging and anti-carcinogenic effects include the inhibition of MMP to TIMP ratio in dermal fibroblasts and melanoma cells, and the inhibition of cell loss, membrane damage and elastin expression in ultraviolet radiation exposed fibroblasts.
Operational dimensioning and tolerancing in process planning : setup planning

Operational dimensioning and tolerancing play an important role in process planning. It ensures that resultant part dimensions and tolerances do not exceed specified design values. Tolerance chart analysis is an effective technique for process planners to calculate mean values and tolerances of operational dimensions. However, a tolerance chart can be built only after all the intial engineering decisions have been made concerning the process plan. Specifically, setups and setup datums should be identified. While many researchers focused their attention on tolerance chart analysis, the selection of setups and setup datums (setup planning) was overlooked. No systematic approaches for setup planning can be found in the literature. This paper discusses the importance of setup planning to tolerance control in process planning. A graphical approach is then proposed to generate optimal setup plans based on design tolerance specifications.
Identification of monoclonal proteins in serum: A quantitative comparison of acetate, agarose gel, and capillary electrophoresis

A selected group of 308 sera were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE), agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE), and cellulose acetate electrophoresis (CAE) and evaluated for abnormalities that would suggest the presence of a monoclonal protein. The sensitivity (an electrophoretic abnormality in sera that contained a monoclonal protein) and specificity (a normal electrophoretic pattern in sera that did not contain a monoclonal protein) was determined for each electrophoretic procedure. CAE was the most specific procedure and CE was the most sensitive. The increase in sensitivity of CE was primarily due to increased detection of cryoglobulins and free light chains. The quantitation of the gamma region and/or monoclonal antibody peaks by CE was similar to results obtained by AGE. Quantitation of very large monoclonal protein peaks (> 3.0 g/dL) by on-line absorption detection (CE) yielded higher results than quantitation by dye-binding (AGE).
The Evolution of Trait-and-Factor Career Counseling: A Person × Environment Fit Approach

This article illustrates how the trait-and-factor model of career counseling has evolved into a person × environment fit approach. Criticisms of the original model are presented and then rebutted by clarifying misconceptions and noting advances in theory and practice. Specifically, theoretical advances include the addition of dynamic assumptions underlying the model and the development of mature theories of career choice and adjustment. Counseling advances include use of more comprehensive diagnostic schemes, explication of the counseling process, and a more sophisticated understanding of counselor and client interactions. Finally, the role of differential diagnosis, problem-solving interventions, and psychometric information within this approach are clarified.
A Winter Weather Index for Estimating Winter Roadway Maintenance Costs in the Midwest

Abstract Winter roadway maintenance budget data for the state of Iowa have been combined with available climate data for a 6-yr period to create a winter weather index that provides a useful assessment of winter severity. The weather index can be combined with measures of transportation department infrastructure within a region to estimate expenses for a given time period in the region. The index was developed using artificial neural network techniques that are nonlinear and perceive patterns in the input data. Winter weather severity as diagnosed by the index correlates well with Iowa Department of Transportation roadway treatment expenses. The neural network–based index is shown to perform better than the Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) index and an index developed using linear regression techniques.
Adaptive Input-Power Distribution in Doherty Power Amplifiers for Linearity and Efficiency Enhancement

A new technique based on an adaptive input-power distribution is introduced to overcome the limitations of practical Doherty power amplifiers. The proposed Doherty amplifier employs an extended-resonance power-divider at its input. By taking advantage of the auxiliary cell's nonlinear input impedance, the extended-resonance divider is designed such that it provides a proper power-dependent power-division between the main and auxiliary cells. Therefore, the two cells are efficiently driven and can generate output current and voltage characteristics similar to the ideal Doherty amplifier, resulting in both linearity and efficiency improvements. The performance of the new Doherty amplifier is compared with a conventional design through simulations and measurements. The proposed Doherty amplifier achieves a measured ACLR improvement of 5-7 dB over a wide range of output power levels, as well as an increased power-added-efficiency of up to 5% for WCDMA signals. The proposed Doherty design does not require complex circuitry and yields a compact circuit.
Anisotropic Modeling of Granular Bases in Flexible Pavements

A new cross-anisotropic model is proposed to predict the performance of granular bases in flexible pavements. A cross-anisotropic representation has different material properties (i.e., elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio) assigned in the horizontal and vertical directions. Repeated-load triaxial tests with vertical and lateral deformation measurements can be used to establish these anisotropic properties. Simple stress-dependent granular material models, obtained from analysis of the laboratory test data, are used in a nonlinear finite element program, named GT-PAVE, to predict pavement responses. The horizontal and shear stiffnesses are typically found to be less than the vertical. The nonlinear anisotropic approach is shown to account effectively for the dilative behavior observed under the wheel load and the effects of compaction-induced residual stresses. The main advantage of using a cross-anisotropic model in the base is the drastic reduction or elimination of significant tensile stresses generally predicted by isotropic linear elastic layered programs.
Impact of Physical and Chemical Mud Contamination on Cement-Formation Shear Bond Strength

The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the impact of physical and chemical mud contaminations on cement-formation bond strength for different types of formation. Physical contamination occurs when drilling fluids (mud) dry on the surface of the formation forming a mud cake, while chemical contamination on the other hand occurs when drilling fluids which is still in the liquid form interacts chemically with the cement during a cementing job. Wellbore cement has been used to provide well integrity through zonal isolation in oil, gas and geothermal wells. It has also been used to provide mechanical support for the casing and protect the casing from corrosive fluids. Failure of cement could be caused by several factors ranging from poor cementing, failure to completely displace the drilling fluid to failure due to casing centralization. A failed cement job could result in creation of cracks/microannulus through which formation fluids could migrate to the surface which could lead to sustained casing pressure, contamination of fresh water aquifers and even blowout in some cases. To achieve proper cementing, the drilling fluid should be completely displaced by the cement slurry. However, this is hard to achieve in practice since some mud is usually left on the wellbore wall which ends up contaminating the cement. This study focuses on the impact of contamination on the shear bond strength and the changes in the mineralogy of the cement at the cementformation interface.
Association of cardiac baroreflex sensitivity with blood pressure transients: influence of sex and menopausal status.

The magnitude of decrease in BP during a vasoactive drug bolus may be associated with the calculated baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate whether sympathetic and/or cardiac BRS relates to the extent of change in BP and whether this was altered by sex hormones. Fifty-one young women (27 ± 1 yrs), 14 older women (58 ± 1 yrs), and 36 young men (27 ± 1 yrs) were studied. Heart rate, BP, and MSNA were monitored. Sympathetic BRS was analyzed using the slope of the MSNA-diastolic BP (DBP) relationship and cardiac BRS was analyzed using the RRI-systolic BP (SBP) relationship. Young women and men had similar mean arterial pressures (MAP, 91±1 vs. 90±1 mmHg), cardiac BRS (19±1 vs. 21±2 ms/mmHg), and sympathetic BRS (-6±1 vs. -7±1 AU/beat/mmHg), respectively. Older women had higher MAP (104±4 mmHg, p<0.05) and lower cardiac BRS (7±1 ms/mmHg, p<0.05), but similar sympathetic BRS (-8±1 AU/beat/mmHg). There was no association between BP transients with either cardiac or sympathetic BRS in young women. In the older women, the drop in SBP, DBP, and MAP were associated with cardiac BRS (r=0.60, r=0.59, and r=0.70, respectively; p<0.05), but not sympathetic BRS. The decrease in SBP was positively related to cardiac BRS in young men (r=0.41; p<0.05). However, there was no relationship between the decrease in BP and sympathetic BRS. This indicates that older women and young men with low cardiac BRS have larger transients in BP during nitroprusside. This suggests a more prominent role for cardiac (as opposed to sympathetic) BRS in responding to acute BP changes in young men and older women. The fact that these relationships do not exist in young women suggest that the female sex hormones influence baroreflex responses.
Solid-State NMR Spectra and Long Intradimer Bonds in the π-[TCNE]22- Dianion

The principal 13C chemical-shift values for the π-[TCNE]22- dimer anion within an array of counterions have been measured to understand better the electronic structure of these atypical chemical species in several related TCNE-based structures. The structure of π-[TCNE]22- is unusual as it contains two very long C−C bond lengths (ca. 2.9 A) between the two monomeric units and has been found to exist as a singlet state, suggestive of a 1A1g (b2u2b1g0) electronic configuration. A systematic study of several oxidation states of [TCNE]n (n = 0, 1−, 2−) was conducted to determine how the NMR chemical-shift tensor values change as a function of electronic structure and to understand the interactions that lead to spin-pairing of the monomer units. The density functional theory (DFT) calculated nuclear shielding tensors are correlated with the experimentally determined principal chemical-shift values. Such theoretical methods provide information on the tensor magnitudes and orientations of their principal tensor ...
Electromagnetic field penetration into a dielectric-filled cylindrical cavity of arbitrary cross section: TE case

Summary form only given. The system is excited by a plane wave whose magnetic vector is parallel to the axis of the cylinder (TE). The problem is solved numerically by applying the method of moments to the electric field integral equation. Pulses are used as both testing and expansion functions. >
A PD Feed-back Rate Control Algorithm for Multiple Video Object Coding

Object-based video coding, such as MPEG-4, supports the encoding and manipulating of individual video object. Rate control algorithm for multiple video object coding shall adapt to the perceptual importance of the video object. For this purpose, we present a joint rate control algorithm for coding multiple video objects. The proposed algorithm is aiming to obtain superior quality for the video objects with higher perceptual importance, while squeezing bits from the video objects with lower perceptual importance. The quality gaps between video objects is regulated to the target level through the proportional-derivative feedback design.
The design of experiments: Statistical principles for practical applications.

Preface Part I. Overture: 1. Introduction 2. Elementary ideas of blocking: the randomised block design 3. Elementary ideas of treatment structure 4. General principles of linear models for the analysis of experimental data 5. Computers for analysing experimental data Part II. First Subject: 6. Replication 7. Blocking 8. Multiple blocking systems and cross-over designs 9. Randomisation 10. Covariance - extension of linear models 11. Model assumptions and more general models Part III. Second Subject: 12. Experimental objectives, treatments and treatment structures 13. Factorial structure and particular forms of effects 14. Split unit designs and repeated measurements 15. Incomplete bloxk size for factorial experiments 16. Some mathematical theory for comfounding and fractional replication 17. Quantitative factors and response functions 18. Response surface exploration Part IV. Coda: 19. Designing useful experiments References Index.
American Men’s and Women’s Beliefs about Gender Discrimination: For Men, It’s Not Quite a Zero-Sum Game

We surveyed Americans regarding their beliefs about gender discrimination over the past several decades. Men and women agreed that women faced much more discrimination than men in the past, and they agreed that the discrimination gap between men and women has narrowed in recent years. However, men perceived the gap as narrower than women did at all time periods, and reported that there is little difference today in the amount of gender discrimination women and men face. Political ideology moderated these beliefs such that conservative men were most likely to report that anti-Man bias now equals or exceeds anti-Woman bias. Similar to recent research on beliefs about racism, these findings suggest that groups which differ historically in status and power exhibit perceptual differences regarding the changing nature of discrimination.
Viral Subversion of Apoptotic Enzymes: Escape from Death Row*

To prolong cell viability and facilitate replication, viruses have evolved multiple mechanisms to inhibit the host apoptotic response. Cellular proteases such as caspases and serine proteases are instrumental in promoting apoptosis. Thus, these enzymes are logical targets for virus-mediated modulation to suppress cell death. Four major classes of viral inhibitors antagonize caspase function: serpins, p35 family members, inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, and viral FLICE-inhibitory proteins. Viruses also subvert activity of the serine proteases, granzyme B and HtrA2/Omi, to avoid cell death. The combined efforts of viruses to suppress apoptosis suggest that this response should be avoided at all costs. However, some viruses utilize caspases during replication to aid virus protein maturation, progeny release, or both. Hence, a multifaceted relationship exists between viruses and the apoptotic response they induce. Examination of these interactions contributes to our understanding of both virus pathogenesis an...
Coexistence of perennial plants: An embarrassment of niches

Despite decades of research documenting niche differences between species, we lack a quantitative understanding of their effect on coexistence in natural communities. We perturbed an empirical sagebrush steppe community model to remove the demographic effect of niche differences and quantify their impact on coexistence. With stabilizing mechanisms operating, all species showed positive growth rates when rare, generating stable coexistence. Fluctuation-independent mechanisms contributed more than temporal variability to coexistence and operated more strongly on recruitment than growth or survival. As expected, removal of stabilizing niche differences led to extinction of all inferior competitors. However, complete exclusion required 300-400 years, indicating small fitness differences among species. Our results show an 'excess' of niche differences: stabilizing mechanisms were not only strong enough to maintain diversity but were much stronger than necessary given the small fitness differences. The diversity of this community cannot be understood without consideration of niche differences.
Long-term stability of UV multifilter rotating shadowband radiometers

This is a continuation of work begun by Dave Bigelow and James Slusser in their study of the same name published in 2000 in J. Geophys. Res., 105, 4833-4840. This continuation study began in January 2002, when the entire database for the UV Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometers (UV-MFRSR) was analyzed using the Langley regression technique, as described in "Langley Method of Calibrating UV Filter Radiometers," Slusser et. al., 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 4841-4849. In conjunction with scientists at ASRC, SUNY, Albany (New York), the UVMRP has refined the air mass range versus wavelength that is used in the Langley analysis methodology to conform to the greater optical depths in the UV (290)-380 nm) compared with the visible (400-965 nm). A time series of direct Sun voltage intercepts (Vo's) from Langley plots is an indication of stability, which augments the traditional periodic standard lamp calibrations. Overall, 129 cases representing 28 sites and 39 instruments, with 21 sites and 30 instruments having multiple cases, were studied. The results presented herein show the mean annual drift in sensitivity for the seven nominal wavelengths of the UV-MFRSR instrument are: 300 nm - 1.2%, 305 nm - 4.8%, 311 nm - 2.6%, 317 nm - 3.0%, 325 nm - 4.8%, 332 nm - 4.9%, 368 nm - 3.7%.
CT Findings of Patients Treated with Irreversible Electroporation for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer.

Introduction. In patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC), IRE has been shown to be safe for local disease control and palliation. As IRE continues to gain acceptance it is important to characterize the expected imaging findings. Materials and Methods. A review of our prospective soft tissue ablation registry from July 2010 to June 2013 was performed on patients who had undergone IRE for LAPC. Five masses treated with intraoperative IRE ablation for pancreatic tumors that underwent CT imaging before and after ablation were reviewed. Results and Discussion. Following IRE, the postablation bed is larger than the original ablated tumor. This ablation zone may get smaller in size (due to decreased edema and hyperemia) in the following months and more importantly remains stable provided there is no recurrence. In cases of recurrent disease there is increased size of the ablation bed, mass effect, and new or worsening vascular encasement or occlusion. Conclusion. CT imaging remains the best current imaging modality to assess post-IRE ablation changes. Serial imaging over at least 2–6 months must be employed to detect recurrence by comparing with prior studies in conjunction with clinical and serum studies. Larger imaging studies are underway to evaluate a more ideal imaging modality for this unique patient population.
Paradigm Shift: Social Justice as a Prerequisite for Sustainable Development

The authors argue that a new paradigm is needed for European and national policies if the challenge of sustainable development is to be answered. It will not be sufficient to simply adjust policies to short-term considerations. Rather than solely relying on economic growth, it is by promoting social cohesion and protecting the environment that a sustainable society will be created. This will require a re-examination of modes of production, distribution, transport, consumption while integrating within it as a prerequisite the notion of social justice.
Az Összefonódások Vizsgálatának Ügyáttételi Lehetőségei (The Possibilities for Referral of Mergers)

A tanulmany megvizsgalja az ugyattetel lehetősegeit az unios fuziokontrollban. The articles ellaborates on the possibilities of merger referrals in EU merger control.
Hybridization between Two Damselfly Species (Odonata: Coenagrionidae): Morphometric and Genitalic Differentiation

In allopatry and in a hybrid zone, we analyzed the relationship between morphometric characters and the inferior abdominal appendage angle in two damselflies, Ischnura gemina (Kennedy) and Ischnura denticollis (Burmeister), to assess the taxonomic reliability and genetic basis of this genitalic trait. Changes in the morphometric-genitalic relationship in the hybrid zone strongly imply that introgression has occurred, although there is some evidence of hybrid unfitness and partial reproductive isolation. We conclude that the inferior appendage trait is not taxonomically reliable because it fails to convey the recombinant nature of individuals in the hybrid zone. A combination of field and lab data suggest that the genitalic angle trait is polygenic but controlled by only a few genes. We argue for retention of full species status for both I. gemina and I. denticollis , despite genetic exchange between the two.
Considering avoidance and consistency in motion planning for human-robot manipulation in a shared workspace

This paper presents an approach to formulating the cost function for a motion planner intended for human-robot collaboration on manipulation tasks in a shared workspace. To be effective for human-robot collaboration a robot should plan its motion so that it is both safe and efficient. To achieve this, we propose two factors to consider in the cost function for the robot's motion planner: (1) Avoidance of the workspace previously-occupied by the human, so that the motion is as safe as possible, and (2) Consistency of the robot's motion, so that the motion is as predictable as possible for the human and they can perform their task without focusing undue attention on the robot. Our experiments in simulation and a human-robot workspace sharing study compare a cost function that uses only the first factor and a combined cost that uses both factors vs. a baseline method that is perfectly consistent but does not account for the human's previous motion. We find that using either cost function we outperform the baseline method in terms of task success rate without degrading the task completion time. The best task success rate is achieved with the cost function that includes both the avoidance and consistency terms.
Mutual Relationship of Strategic Stances and Formulation Methods, and Their Impacts on Performance in Public Local Transit Agencies

This study is a continuation of previous work that emphasizes an alignment between the internal management (strategy formulation) of public organizations and their environment (strategic stance). A...
Mechanical Determinants of Tissue Development

This chapter describes the mechanical determinants for developing tissues. Cells within living tissues transduce mechanical forces by using a variety of mechanisms. Although the signaling processes of mechanotransduction are complex, involving many different molecules and pathways, they may be activated by similar mechanisms in response to a variety of incoming signals. The lipid bilayer is believed to be one of the major mechanotransduction components of a cell, and is one of the first mechanosensitive cellular components to arise through evolution as a protective mechanism against large concentration or swelling pressure gradients and large shear forces encountered in multicellular organisms. The mechanical behavior of the whole cell is driven by both the cytoskeletal elements found just below the surface of the plasma membrane and also the internal cytoskeletal network. One of the signaling molecules implicated in mechanotransduction includes the phosphorylated kinase protein focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Formation of new integrin-mediated focal complexes or the transduction of forces through integrins may lead to activation of FAK signaling mechanisms, mainly recruitment of other focal adhesion proteins. The earliest-stage embryo, consisting of cells (embryonic stem cells (ESCs)) and thus lacking any defined extracellular matrix, is the earliest stage at which mechanical force balancing leads to cellular cues and pattern formation. Embryo-derived cardiomyocytes, although still immature precursors for cardiac tissues, only maintain the synchronous contractility necessary for significant actomyosin striated force generation on substrates with a stiffness equal to or less than the developing myocardial microenvironment.
Chapter 13 – Selecting Materials and Processes for Special Purpose Parts

When it has been determined that a designed object is to be a special purpose part, the task of engineering conceptual design includes 1. Determining the basic material class (e.g., steel, thermoplastic, aluminum, etc.) “that has the properties to provide the necessary service performance...” and
Endocrine surgery fellowship graduates past, present, and future: 8 years of early job market experiences and what program directors and trainees can expect

Background Given the increasing number of endocrine surgery fellowship graduates, we investigated if expectations and job opportunities changed over time. Methods American Association of Endocrine Surgeons (AAES) fellowship graduates, surgery department chairs, and physician recruiters were surveyed. Univariate analysis was performed with JMP Pro 12 software. Results We identified 141 graduates from 2008–2015; survey response rate was 72% (n = 101). Compared to earlier graduates, fewer academic opportunities were available for the recent graduates who intended to join them (P = .001). Unlike earlier graduates, recent graduates expected to also perform elective general surgery, which ultimately represented a greater percentage of their practices (both P Conclusion The endocrine surgery job market has diversified resulting in more graduates entering nonacademic practices and performing general surgery. This rapid evolution supports future analyses of the job market and opportunities for job creation. Almost every graduate reported job satisfaction, which encourages graduates to consider joining both academic and nonacademic practices equally.
The Differentiation of Menstrual from Venous Blood and Other Body Fluids on Various Substrates Using ATR FT‐IR Spectroscopy

Crime scene investigators and laboratory analysts use chemical tests to detect and differentiate body fluids. Testing often requires a sample of the stain, and the chemicals may cause degradation of the fluid or interfere with subsequent tests. Colorimetric chemical tests do not differentiate between different types of the same fluid, such as venous and menstrual blood, and there is no presumptive test available to simultaneously differentiate several body fluids. In this study, we recorded ATR FT-IR spectra of venous and menstrual blood, semen, saliva, and breastmilk. Neat and simulated casework body fluid samples were analyzed on cotton, nylon, wood, paper, and glass substrates. Differences in fluid composition, including proteins and small molecules, resulted in spectral differences. Venous and menstrual blood is differentiated by the peak at 1039 cm−1 attributed to phosphoric acid found in menstrual blood. Peak intensity is influenced by the porosity and weave of the substrate fabric.
Researches on abnormal operating and Condition Assessment Methods for insulating tubular bus-bar

In recent years, insulating tubular bus-bar has been widely used in power systems for its excellent electrical performance. However, as some new electrical equipment, there is still no unified principle at home and abroad, and little research is done on its operating characteristics. This leads to a confused market, and some abnormal operating phenomena appear in operation. In this paper, a 35kV insulating tubular bus-bar which operates abnormally in a substation is studied. According to the disintegration phenomena, experiment and simulation results, we have a suspicion that the abnormal phenomena is caused by the unreasonable match between semi-conducting layer and metal shielding layer. As the semi-conducting layer is weak in electric strength and inflammable, this defect develops quickly into bulging, smoking and burning when partial discharge appears. Besides, some methods to evaluate tubular bus-bar after the handover tests is proposed, and online detections, such as infrared temperature measurement, high frequency partial discharge, are recommended in daily inspection and maintenance.