cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Classroom Management, School Staff Relations, School Climate, and Academic Achievement: Testing A Model with Urban High Schools.

Urban learning environments pose distinct instructional challenges for teachers and administrators, and can lead to lower achievement compared to suburban or rural schools. Today’s educational climate increasingly emphasises a need for positive academic outcomes, often measured by standardised tests, on which student educational opportunities, teacher benefits and school funding can be based. By applying an ecological framework to the urban school environment, it could be possible to better understand and ultimately improve the educational context at multiple levels. This study examined how classroom management, staff relations and school climate contribute to academic achievement, as measured by ACT scores. In a large urban American public school system, 208 teachers from 38 high schools were surveyed. A model was tested in which, when academic achievement was accounted for over time, classroom management and staff relations contributed positively to school climate, and climate in turn contributed to academic achievement. Structural equation modeling revealed that the data fitted the proposed model. Results illustrate the roles of school and classroom factors related to academic performance and underline the importance of classroom management strategies and positive learning environments. Results suggest avenues for interventions to increase academic achievement by supporting students through the lens of an ecological framework.
Effect of Asbestos Preparations on the Random Migration Pattern of Rabbit Alveolar Macrophages

Several studies have revealed that asbestos is toxic for alveolar macrophages (AM). The tests for measuring toxicity have included release of acid phosphatase (Miller and Harington 1972), and release of acid phosphatase, (s-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and s-glucuronidase (Kang et al. 1979). Several studies have reported on the loss of viability when AM have been incubated with chrysotile (McLemore et al. 1979; Kang et al. 1979; and, Kaw and Zaidi 1975). There has been general agreement that chrysotile is more toxic for AM than amosite or crocidolite.
Hamlet: The Unweeded Garden

From the beginning of Hamlet, there is a cry for answers to mysteries. In the second line of the play, in the darkness of midnight, Francisco, hearing a voice call, ‘Who’s there?’, shouts from his sentry-post: Nay, answer me. Stand and unfold yourself.
On Minimizing Band Size in Limited Reconfigurable Optical Networks

In this paper, we consider a unidirectional ring network with limited reconfigurability and take up the problem of supporting all-to-all traffic - while minimizing the worst-case wavelength range of the reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexers (ROADMs). ROADMs can be limited in range (L-ROADMs) or have full range (F-ROADMs). The cost of such a network is dominated by the number of wavelengths to be added or dropped by ROADMs. Limiting the range of wavelengths that can be accessed at a node reduces costs. Here, we develop an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation for this problem, and also propose a new wavelength assignment heuristic where we evalute it using the ILP formulation. We conclude that the performance of our proposed heuristic is very close to optimal and the worst-case range is only about 65% of the full range for moderately large number of network nodes.
Norms of Cooperation and Temptations to Defect in an Evolutionary Model of Economic Development

This paper studies the co-evolution of a society’s level of economic development and the strength of its social norms of cooperation. It is widely recognized that behavioral norms can influence a country’s economic development. Arrow (1972, p. 357) argues, for instance, that “Virtually every commercial transaction has within itself an element of trust...It can be plausibly argued that much of the economic backwardness in the world can be explained by the lack of mutual confidence.” Simultaneously, economic development can change the extent to which people choose to adhere to norms of cooperation. Much of the recent behavioral economics literature has asserted (and shown empirical evidence) that people’s actions are governed both by material incentives and by psychological and social factors. One factor that has been identified as influential in people’s choices of whether to act in their own material self-interest or to act on the basis of psycho-social motivations is the size of the material payoffs at stake. As economic growth changes the material stakes involved in economic interactions, it may therefore alter the extent to which people choose to conform to norms of cooperation. Norms of cooperation and economic development are thus jointly determined.
A large systematic search for close supermassive binary and rapidly recoiling black holes - III. Radial velocity variations

We have been spectroscopically monitoring 88 quasars selected to have broad H$\beta$ emission lines offset from their systemic redshift by thousands of km s$^{-1}$. By analogy with single-lined spectroscopic binary stars, we consider these quasars to be candidates for hosting supermassive black hole binaries (SBHBs). In this work we present new radial velocity measurements, typically 3-4 per object over a time period of up to 12 years in the observer's frame. In 29/88 of the SBHB candidates no variability of the shape of the broad H$\beta$ profile is observed, which allows us to make reliable measurements of radial velocity changes. Among these, we identify three objects that have displayed systematic and monotonic velocity changes by several hundred km s$^{-1}$ and are prime targets for further monitoring. Because the periods of the hypothetical binaries are expected to be long, we cannot hope to observe many orbital cycles during our lifetimes. Instead, we seek to evaluate the credentials of the SBHB candidates by attempting to rule out the SBHB hypothesis. In this spirit, we present a method for placing a lower limit on the period, and thus the mass, of the SBHBs under the assumption that the velocity changes we observe are due to orbital motion. Given the duration of our monitoring campaign and the uncertainties in the radial velocities, we were able to place a lower limit on the total mass in the range $4.7\times10^4-3.8\times10^8$ $M_{\scriptscriptstyle \odot}$, which does not yet allow us to rule out the SBHB hypothesis for any candidates.
Characterization of TauC3 antibody and demonstration of its potential to block tau propagation

The spread of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology through the human brain is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is thought to be caused by the propagation of "seeding" competent soluble misfolded tau. "TauC3", a C-terminally truncated form of tau that is generated by caspase-3 cleavage at D421, has previously been observed in NFTs and has been implicated in tau toxicity. Here we show that TauC3 is found in the seeding competent high molecular weight (HMW) protein fraction of human AD brain. Using a specific TauC3 antibody, we were able to substantially block the HMW tau seeding activity of human AD brain extracts in an in vitro tau seeding FRET assay. We propose that TauC3 could contribute to the templated tau misfolding that leads to NFT spread in AD brains.
The Nature of the Religious Reality Experienced in Epiphanies

A second issue that is no less fundamental than that of veridicality presents itself once it is allowed that at least some epiphanies are truly of or from religious reality: the nature of the religious reality that is experienced in epiphanies. This issue arises because, while epiphanic experiences are recognized and occur in various religious traditions, the phenomenal content of epiphanic experiences varies greatly from tradition to tradition and because there is interreligious disagreement about the nature of religious reality. In this chapter, we consider three ways of understanding the relationship between the religious reality encountered in epiphanic experience and the diverse phenomenal content of those experiences. These approaches avoid both equating the reality with the variegated phenomenal content of those experiences and absorbing the reality of one tradition into that of another. One of them is exclusivistic, deriving from a church teaching that goes back to the fifteenth century. Another is embodied in the pluralistic thesis developed by John Hick. The third way is an approach that looks to relationships with religious reality as they are understood in different traditions. These ways of understanding all take religious reality to be unique and ultimate, but otherwise they are different.
Infectious Diseases Associated With Organized Sports and Outbreak Control

Participation in organized sports has a variety of health benefits but also has the potential to expose the athlete to a variety of infectious diseases, some of which may produce outbreaks. Major risk factors for infection include skin-to-skin contact with athletes who have active skin infections, environmental exposures and physical trauma, and sharing of equipment and contact with contaminated fomites. Close contact that is intrinsic to team sports and psychosocial factors associated with adolescence are additional risks. Minimizing risk requires leadership by the organized sports community (including the athlete's primary care provider) and depends on outlining key hygiene behaviors, recognition, diagnosis, and treatment of common sports-related infections, and the implementation of preventive interventions.
Development of Reduced Glycemic Load/High Fiber Ravioli Using Bean Flour

Beans, an excellent source of dietary fiber and protein, have potential for lowering glycemic load. Prepared meals with high dietary fiber and low glycemic load were rare in a market survey in Baton Rouge, LA. The purpose of this research was to increase fiber and decrease glycemic load in ravioli through substitution with bean flour from pinto, navy, or black beans mixed with wheat flour. Navy bean flour mixed with wheat flour resulted in similar texture to wheat flour at up to 50% substitution level. Calculated proximate analysis of raviolis with 50% and 75% navy bean flour predicted a 14% to 21% DV increase in dietary fiber and a 7- to 10-gram decrease in glycemic load. Sensory evaluation found that the color, texture, aroma, appearance, and liking preferences were not significantly changed by 50% substitution of navy bean flour. An acceptable higher fiber, lower glycemic index ravioli was produced.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes in adolescents and young women with systemic lupus erythematosus: a national estimate.

Pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have increased risk of adverse outcomes including disease flare, spontaneous abortion, preeclampsia/eclampsia, premature birth and maternal death. However, pregnancy outcomes among adolescents and young women with SLE have not been well-explored. Our objective was to compare risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes in adolescents and young women with SLE to risk among peers without SLE. We studied the 2000–2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) to estimate the prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with SLE aged ≤ 21 years at time of delivery. Outcomes were compared to peers without SLE by using multivariate logistic regression to calculate odds ratios and risk differences. Additionally, differences in length of stay and total charges per hospitalization were described. There were 8,791,391 unique pregnancies, of which 4002 occurred in young women with SLE. After adjustment for age, race, insurance type and quartile of median income based on patient ZIP code individuals with SLE had increased odds of pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.3–4.6), maternal death (OR 80, 95% CI 10–604), preterm birth (OR 2.7, 95% CI 2–3.7), spontaneous abortion (OR 5.1, 95% CI 2.8–9.6), and induced abortion (OR 30, 95% CI 14–63). The increase in risk among women with SLE was greatest for preterm birth (RD 11%, 95% CI 6–16), pre-eclampsia/eclampsia (RD 9%, 95% CI 5–13), and spontaneous abortion (RD 4%, 95% CI 0.9–6). Risk difference for induced abortion was 2% with 95% CI 0.6–4, while the difference in risk for maternal death did not reach statistical significance (RD 0.4, 95% CI -0.4-1). Adolescents and young women with SLE experience increased risk of adverse, pregnancy-specific outcomes as compared to their peers, including pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, maternal death, preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, and induced abortion. Additionally, length of stay and total charges for hospitalization are increased.
Reconstruction of the Neighborhood Deck of an Ordered Set

We show that the neighborhood deck of an ordered set can be reconstructed from the deck of one point deleted subsets. As a consequence of the above results we reconstruct some maximal cards and present short new proofs of the reconstructibility of ordered sets of width 2 and of the recognizability of N-free ordered sets. We also reconstruct the maximal cards of N-free ordered sets.
QSO Color Selection in the SDSS

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) will image 10,000 square degrees in the north galactic cap in five filters. We hope to identify and obtain spectra for about 100,000 quasars brighter than 20th magnitude in this area. The selection will be primarily on the basis of point spread function and colors, but we will also identify quasars from a catalog of FIRST radio sources. The selection areas in color space must be determined during the testing period prior to the official start of the survey. This task may determine the length of the test period. In anticipation of this becoming the critical path, we have written a body of software that will allow us to quickly analyze a set of multicolor data and make a first cut at the selection limits.
Identifying Genes in Published Pathway Figure Images

BACKGROUND. Pathway figures are commonly found in the biomedical literature providing intuitive models of complex processes in a visually concise format. The contents of a pathway figure often reflect the key findings and relevant context of an article. Unfortunately, the vast majority of pathway figures are drawn as one-off static images despite freely available pathway tools and resources, thus rendering their contents inaccessible to search, data mining and downstream analysis. APPROACH. Leveraging advances in optical character recognition and domain expertise in pathway modeling, we devised an approach to identify genes in published pathway figures. The approach was optimized against a set of figure images obtained from PubMed Central and tested against a set of 400 curated pathways with known content from WikiPathways (F-measure 95.2%). RESULTS. Applied to 3982 published pathway figures spanning a four year period, our approach identified 29,189 gene symbols representing 4159 unique gene identifiers. The gene content unlocked from just this small sample of published figures includes novel and diverse pathway associations unmatched by any pathway database. Our approach over doubled the number of genes associated with the articles containing these figures as compared to combined annotations available from PubMed and PubTator. Encouraged by these initial results, we plan to scale the approach to make the molecular contents of the continuing stream of published pathway figures more accessible.
TCT-696 Real World Experience with Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR)

ECPR has emerged as a potential rescue strategy for non-responders to conventional CPR in cardiac arrest. There are no standardized criteria for ECPR implementation, and data to identify patients most likely to benefit from ECPR is limited. Retrospective analysis of baseline clinical
Abstract A002: Comparison of circulating microRNAs in plasma before and after radical prostatectomy among men treated for prostate cancer

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been linked to advanced prostate cancer; however, their role as circulating biomarkers of prostate cancer (PC) status has yet to be determined. We examined whether circulating miRNAs in plasma could be employed as biomarkers of disease among men treated for PC by radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: Men with clinically localized PC scheduled for a RP were recruited. Demographics, medical history, clinical information, pre-RP blood, and post-RP blood within 1 year after RP were collected. Pre- and post-RP blood were processed into plasma and the expression of the 16 most statistically significant PC circulating miRNAs in plasma identified from our previous study (miR- 381, 34a, 523, 365, 122, 375, 1255b, 34b, 450b-5p, 639, 885-5p, 1260, 150, 378, 671-3p, 148a) were examined using real-time PCR. Wilcoxon signed ranked test was used to compare the median expression of these miRNAs between pre- and post-RP plasma. Results: There were 29 men, aged 43 to 77 years, included. Majority were white men (79.3%). The median preoperative serum PSA was 6.3 ng/mL. Majority had a pathologic Gleason score of 7 (3+4) (56%) and a pathologic tumor stage of T3 (60.7%). There was no statistically significant difference in miRNA expression between pre- and post-RP plasma. Conclusion: No difference in miRNA expression before and immediately after RP was observed, possibly due to the lack of impact of tumor removal on miRNA expression and the timing of plasma collections. Future studies that examine post-RP plasma miRNA expression over time with PC recurrence are warranted. Citation Format: Alicia C. McDonald, Jay D. Raman, Jing Shen, Jason Liao, Manish Vira. Comparison of circulating microRNAs in plasma before and after radical prostatectomy among men treated for prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr A002.
Using Informal Bilingual Resources, “Jumping” and “Giving Double”: Interactional Histories Across School and Religious Communities

This chapter describes Maria and her experiences navigating formal and informal bilingual resources as she participated in distinct literacy events across different settings over time. A social and academically successful young woman, Maria’s turning point was her decision to undertake religious training in a Latin-American-origin Catholic institute after high school. Because of the more formal opportunities provided for bilingual and biliterate practices in this religious setting, Maria’s language and literacy journey developed quite differently than it might have in other, more common postsecondary contexts for linguistically minoritized students. An overview of Maria’s language and literacy experiences during this study is provided, followed by LIHA analyses of literacy events demonstrating these trends before and after her turning point.
The Association Between Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence and Child Bullying Behaviors

Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with numerous negative outcomes such as externalizing behavior problems, including bullying. However, most prior research examining the relationship between IPV exposure and bullying has relied on relatively small, unrepresentative samples and did not examine this relationship in the context of additional family dynamics and adverse stressors. Using cross-sectional data from the 2011/12 National Survey of Children’s Health, a nationally representative sample of 95,677 families, we conducted hierarchical multiple regression analysis to examine the association between parent-reported child exposure to IPV and bullying behavior within the context of multiple stressors and dynamics at the level of the child, family, and community. Results indicate a significant relationship exists between IPV exposure and bullying, which remained significant after accounting for additional stressors and family dynamics (b = 0.17, SE = 0.04, p < .001). Bullying behavior was also significantly associated with a wide range of other demographic and family functioning variables. Findings confirm a relationship between IPV exposure and bullying behavior within a large, nationally representative sample. Further, the relationship between IPV exposure and bullying behavior remained significant after accounting for additional family, child and community stressors and dynamics. Recommendations for future research are discussed.
Endockscope: A Disruptive Endoscopic Technology.

Abstract Objective: To assess optical performance and diagnostic capability of the Endockscope system (ES) vs the standard endoscopic system (SES) using four rigid/semi-rigid endoscopes. The ES com...
Emergency department point of care ultrasound diagnosis of submacular hemorrhage presenting as painless loss of vision - ADDENDUM.

Ocular complaints prompt a significant number of emergency department (ED) visits, and they can range from benign to sight-threatening. Detailed fundoscopic examination is difficult, even for experienced providers. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is increasingly utilized in the ED for numerous applications, including ocular evaluation. We present a case in which ocular POCUS was used to diagnose a submacular hemorrhage in a patient who presented with acute painless loss of vision. Ocular POCUS can be readily employed to assess for myriad clinically significant pathologies.
Female Child and Adolescent Sexual Abuse Cases Reported at the Geneva University Hospitals Between 2006 and 2014: A Retrospective Study.

Abstract Study Objective To provide an objective quantification of the demographic characteristics and clinical findings related to female child and adolescent sexual abuse cases reported at the Geneva University Hospitals. Design Retrospective study. Setting Obstetrics and gynecology emergency unit. Participants Female children (0-12 years old) and adolescents (13-20 years old) seeking primary care after sexual assault. Interventions None, observational study. Main Outcome Measures Delay from assault to time of presentation to primary care presentation, type of perpetrators, and the presence gynecological and bodily lesions. Results Compared with children, a significantly higher proportion of adolescents presented to the hospital within 24 hours (134/289 (46.4%) vs 7/33 (21.2%); P = .006). Perpetrators were family members in 15/36 (41.7%) of children and in only 14/304 (4.6%) of adolescent patients (P Conclusion To our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate child and adolescent sexual abuse cases on the basis of real-life data collected in Switzerland. Our results highlight important differences in child and adolescent sexual assault in terms of delay in presentation to primary care, perpetrator's relation to the victim, and presence of bodily lesions. This study confirms that gynecological findings alone are not consistently present in the patients who seek primary care after sexual assault.
Cost-Effectiveness and Quality-Adjusted Survival of Watch and Wait After Complete Response to Chemoradiotherapy for Rectal Cancer.

Background Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer. There is interest in deescalating local therapy after a clinical complete response to CRT. We hypothesized that a watch-and-wait (WW) strategy offers comparable cancer-specific survival, superior quality-adjusted survival, and reduced cost compared with upfront TME. Methods We developed a decision-analytic model to compare WW, low anterior resection, and abdominoperineal resection for patients achieving a clinical complete response to CRT. Rates of local regrowth, pelvic recurrence, and distant metastasis were derived from series comparing WW with TME after pathologic complete response. Lifetime incremental costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) were calculated between strategies, and sensitivity analyses were performed to study model uncertainty. Results The base case 5-year cancer-specific survival was 93.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 91.5% to 94.9%) on a WW program compared with 95.9% (95% CI = 93.6% to 97.4%) after upfront TME. WW was dominant relative to low anterior resection, with cost savings of $28 500 (95% CI = $22 200 to $39 000) and incremental QALY of 0.527 (95% CI = 0.138 to 1.125). WW was also dominant relative to abdominoperineal resection, with a cost savings of $32 100 (95% CI = $21 800 to $49 200) and incremental QALY of 0.601 (95% CI = 0.213 to 1.208). WW remained dominant in sensitivity analysis unless the rate of surgical salvage fell to 73.0%. Conclusions Using current multi-institutional recurrence estimates, we observed comparable cancer-specific survival, superior quality-adjusted survival, and decreased costs with WW compared with upfront TME. Upfront TME was preferred when surgical salvage rates were low.
Characterization and antioxidant properties of Manchurian walnut meal hydrolysates after calcium chelation

Abstract A Manchurian walnut protein hydrolysates-calcium (MWPH-Ca) was prepared its characteristics and antioxidant activities after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion were investigated. The optimal conditions for the chelation reaction were peptide to calcium ratio of 3:1, pH of 8, chelation time of 40 min, and chelation temperature of 45 °C, and the final chelation rate was 67.2%. The peptides were agglomerated after chelation, as the particle size increased. The FTIR results showed that the main sites of chelation are amino nitrogen atoms, carboxyl groups and the C O of the peptide bond which has a negative dipole. The MWPH-Ca generally maintained good solubility in the gastrointestinal environment, which could improve the calcium absorption. In addition, the MWPH-Ca still retained antioxidant activity and was stronger than that of the MWPH after simulated digestion.
A dilemma for naturalistic theories of intentionality

I argue that a dilemma arises for naturalistic philosophers of mind in the naturalised semantics tradition. Giving a naturalistic account of the mind is a pressing problem. Brentano’s Thesis — that a state is mental if, and only if, that state has underived representational content — provides an attractive route to naturalising the mental. If true, Brentano’s Thesis means that naturalising representation is sufficient for naturalising the mental. But a naturalist who accepts Brentano’s Thesis thus commits to an eliminativism about the category of the mental. This is because naturalistic theories of representation are reductive, and so over-generalise by applying to patently non-mental states. According to these theories, it has been argued, phenomena like tree rings and saliva come out as representational. Only proposing further Naturalistic conditions on representation could avoid the eliminativist conclusion. But this shows that Naturalists have made only limited progress towards naturalising the mental. And if a Naturalist rejects Brentano’s Thesis, then she gives up on a clear link between representation and mentality. Hence, it is incumbent on the Naturalist to propose another, naturalistically acceptable, mark of the mental. This, again, shows that Naturalists have made only limited progress on the issue of naturalising the mental.Keywords: Intentionality, representation, physicalism, eliminativism, Brentano, materialism, naturalism.
Categorization of Marketed Artificial Tear Formulations Based on Their Ingredients: A Rational Approach for Their Use

Dry eye disease is a common ocular condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Artificial tears are the first line therapy for the management of dry eye disease. Artificial tear formulations contain a variety of active ingredients, biologically active excipients, and preservatives. Many of these formulations are also available as preservative-free. This study was conducted to inspect artificial tear formulations currently marketed in the United States for their active ingredients, biologically relevant excipients, and preservatives. The marketed artificial tears were examined at various US retail pharmacy chains and using the manufacturers' website to compile information about active ingredients, inactive ingredients, and preservatives. The currently marketed artificial tears can be grouped into four categories based on their active ingredients. The artificial tears also contain biologically active chemicals listed as inactive ingredients, which have osmoprotectant, humectant, and tear film lipid layer or mucous layer mimicking properties. Most artificial tears contain vanishing type preservatives such as purite or sodium perborate and safer quaternary compound polyquaternium-1. The majority of these artificial tear formulations are also available as preservative-free single dose unit. The study provides a formulary of artificial tears based on active ingredients, biologically active excipients, and the preservative-free option. The formulary should assist healthcare providers in making a stepwise and rational selection of appropriate artificial tears for patients suffering from dry eye disease.
The Cilioprotist Cytoskeleton , a Model for Understanding How Cell Architecture and Pattern Are Specified: Recent Discoveries from Ciliates and Comparable Model Systems.

The cytoskeletons of eukaryotic, cilioprotist microorganisms are complex, highly patterned, and diverse, reflecting the varied and elaborate swimming, feeding, reproductive, and sensory behaviors of the multitude of cilioprotist species that inhabit the aquatic environment. In the past 10-20 years, many new discoveries and technologies have helped to advance our understanding of how cytoskeletal organelles are assembled in many different eukaryotic model systems, in relation to the construction and modification of overall cellular architecture and function. Microtubule organizing centers, particularly basal bodies and centrioles, have continued to reveal their central roles in architectural engineering of the eukaryotic cell, including in the cilioprotists. This review calls attention to (1) published resources that illuminate what is known of the cilioprotist cytoskeleton; (2) recent studies on cilioprotists and other model organisms that raise specific questions regarding whether basal body- and centriole-associated nucleic acids, both DNA and RNA, should continue to be considered when seeking to employ cilioprotists as model systems for cytoskeletal research; and (3) new, mainly imaging, technologies that have already proven useful for, but also promise to enhance, future cytoskeletal research on cilioprotists.
A computer-based design history tool

In current practice, design documentation often fails to support the activities of design understanding, communication, and redesign. A Design History Tool has been developed to improve current design documentation. This tool is a computerized design history that represents and plays back important information generated during the process of designing a mechanical system. This tool not only documents the final design results, but also documents the constraints developed and decisions made in the evolution of a product from initial specifications to final detailed design. This tool supports design understanding, communication, and redesign. It allows designers, manufacturing engineers, and management personnel to review and examine an existing design. For playback, the Design History Tool provides four major browsing capabilities: (a) browsing design artifacts from isometric drawing, design hierarchy, to details of a product; (b) browsing design evolution from the initial specifications to the final detailed design; (c) browsing design rationales and alternatives behind each design decision; and (d) browsing constraint dependencies. To enhance the browsing capabilities, different interfaces have been developed to allow the users to efficiently retrieve and easily understand the design information.
Bispecific Antibodies for Arming Activated T Cells and Other Effector Cells for Tumor Therapy

Bispecific antibodies (BiAbs) offer a means to increase therapeutic efficacy by combining the benefits of two antibodies into one molecule. This property enables the development of therapeutic strategies that are not possible with conventional monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Advances in antibody engineering and the expanding knowledge of antigen profiling on malignant cells have provided innovative solutions for the development of various formats of BiAbs and their combinations for targeting effector cells to tumor cells. This chapter focuses on the use of BiAbs to redirect non-MHC-restricted ex vivo expanded T cells as a therapeutic platform directed at various tumor-associated antigens in vivo.
Investigating Life Course Offender Subgroup Heterogeneity: An Exploratory Latent Class Analysis Approach

Within developmental criminology, a common classification of offender behavior is life course trajectories broken into discrete groups of early onseters, late onseters, persisters, or desisters. Yet some investigators state that this is an oversimplification of offending behavior and may not be applicable to females and males. The current study utilizes National Youth Survey data and exploratory latent class analysis to determine whether substantive latent classes exist within offender life course trajectories for females and males and to examine differences between the genders across these groups. The analyses reveal the presence of 4 types of latent subgroups: (a) female-majority de-escalators, (b) male-majority persistent de-escalators, (c) male-dominated persisters, and (d) male-majority chronic fluctuators. Post hoc analyses reveal similarities and differences among the latent groups. Research implications of this study suggest further explorations into whether strict 2-pronged developmental models a...
Development and implementation of control-oriented electrochemical battery models in a battery management system

This paper proposes an approach to develop reduced-order electrochemical battery models for controls. The reduced-order models are derived from detailed electrochemical battery models, which combine ionic and electronic processes in the level of active material particles, through a significant model reduction with the order of hundreds or more. The reduction is possible through the understanding of electrochemical process in battery cells. The developed models can capture most of key electrochemical dynamics in a cell with a few state variables. The model is validated using real-world vehicle test data, which consist of both charge depleting (CD) and charge sustaining (CS) driving modes. The models were implemented and tested in a battery management system (BMS).
Personality, Trait Theories of

Personality traits are familiar to laypersons as enduring characteristics of individuals that distinguish them from others. Jane may be exuberant, energetic, and overbearing, whereas Jack is sober, steady, and reserved. Such distinctions are routinely made in everyday life and in literature, and they are facilitated by an enormous vocabulary of trait terms in English and other languages. Trait psychology consists of the scientific study of these characteristics, and trait theories of personality attempt to explain the development and functioning of the person primarily in terms of traits. Personality research is currently dominated by trait approaches, and much has been learned about traits in the past 30 years. Keywords: five-factor model; lexical approach; heritable; stability
Paralinguistic and kinesic cues in a word association game.

Observations were made on fifteen telecasts of a word association game to ascertain the use of paralinguistic and kinesic cues by the partner giving the stimulus words. The types of stimulus words were classified into seven categories. Of these seven, the three categories of antonyms, hyphenated words and frequently paired words were accompanied by paralingustic and kinesic cues.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection in the United Kingdom: Quarterly report 3: The epidemic to 31 March 1988, with special reference to persons injecting drugs

Summary Up to 31 March 1988, 1429 cases meeting the World Health Organization/Centers for Disease Control (U.S.A.) definition of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reported in the U.K. of which 59 were in visitors and 1370 in U.K. residents. In the same period there were 8459 laboratory reports of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody-positive tests. Since 1985 the median interval of 2 months between diagnosis and report of AIDS has not changed. Most patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) as an indicator disease when AIDS was diagnosed were homosexual/bisexual males; the proportion in this category has declined. The data support the hypothesis for a co-factor in the aetiology of KS in homosexual/bisexual males and that the effect of this co-factor has progressively weakened. Injecting drugs was a risk factor for 48 patients with AIDS (4%), half of whom were also homosexual/bisexual males, and for 1406 (17%) persons reported as HIV antibody-positive of whom 63 were also homosexual/bisexual males. HIV-infected persons injecting drugs were reported from all parts of the U.K., apart from Northern Ireland, but the cumulative rate per million population in Scotland for such persons was more than six times the rate elsewhere. In the collaborative laboratory study in England, 2·3% of over 3000 persons injecting drugs were HIV antibody-positive; among those who were asymptomatic the prevalence in London was 7·1% compared with 1·3% outside London. By 1987, the incidence rate of acute hepatitis B in persons injecting drugs in England had fallen to less than a third of that for 1985; in Scotland the figure for 1987 was only a quarter of that for 1985. Since the current rate of HIV transmission among persons in the U.K. injecting drugs is unknown, monitoring the prevalence of HIV in this risk group should be intensified.
Uses and abuses of development media theory in sub-Saharan Africa: critique of a quasi-descriptive/prescriptive theory

African media are caught in a dilemma of role definition. It functions both as part of the sub- and the super-structure, without enjoying the benefit of either. It is also seen as a precursor of na...
Risk of Herpes Zoster and Disseminated Varicella Zoster in Patients Taking Immunosuppressant Drugs at the Time of Zoster Vaccination

Abstract Objective To determine the risks associated with zoster vaccine when administered to patients taking immunosuppressant medications. Patients and Methods Patients enrolled in 1 of 7 managed care organizations affiliated with the Vaccine Safety Datalink between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2009, were eligible. The exposure of interest was zoster vaccination in patients with current or remote immunosuppressant drug use. The primary outcomes were disseminated varicella zoster virus (VZV) and herpes zoster in the 42 days after vaccination. Automated data were collected on immunosuppressant drugs and baseline medical conditions. A logistic regression model using inverse probability treatment weights was used to estimate the odds of developing VZV or herpes zoster. Results A total of 14,554 individuals had an immunosuppressant medication dispensed around the time of vaccination, including 4826 with current use and 9728 with remote use. Most patients were taking low-dose corticosteroids. No cases of disseminated VZV were found in the current or remote users. The risk of herpes zoster was elevated in the 42 days after vaccination in current vs remote users (adjusted odds ratio, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.58-5.70). Conclusion We found that patients taking immunosuppressant medications at the time of vaccination had a modest increased risk of herpes zoster in the 42 days after vaccination. The development of herpes zoster within 42 days after vaccination suggests that this is more likely due to reactivation of latent zoster virus than dissemination of the vaccine-derived varicella virus. These findings support the current zoster vaccination guidelines.
“Sex Will Make Your Fingers Grow Thin and Then You Die”: The Interplay of Culture, Myths, and Taboos on African Immigrant Mothers’ Perceptions of Reproductive Health Education with Their Daughters Aged 10–14 Years

This paper examines the convergence of culture, myths, and taboos surrounding reproductive health issues African immigrant women, living in the United States, learned during childhood in their countries of origin. We also discuss how mothers’ perceptions of reproductive health education (RHE) influenced the education of their own daughters aged 10–14 years. This was a qualitative descriptive study. Data were collected via interviews and demographic survey. The sample size was 20 African immigrant mothers living in a mid-sized city in the U.S. Interviews were transcribed verbatim. Qualitative data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Myths and taboos related to menstruation, sexual intercourse, pregnancy, and HIV/AIDS were reported by the women interviewed. Discussion of these issues was largely taboo, and most myths the mothers learned growing up pertained to sexual intercourse, pregnancy prevention, and pregnancy termination using non-hormonal ingested substances. Myths and taboos about sexual issues are widespread in Africa and are propagated to control sexual behavior, especially that of unmarried people, particularly women. By examining these myths and taboos, we are able to somewhat contextualize the mothers’ immigrant experience regarding RHE. Although myths were reported, the majority of mothers did not appear to believe them. The most significant taboo reported was sexual intercourse. This in turn led to mothers’ overemphasis on abstinence for their daughters. It is also noteworthy that this sample contained mainly African women who overall were highly educated, spoke English, and could adequately navigate life in the U.S. It is unclear what the results would be if we were to examine African immigrant women with less achievements in these areas.
Characterization of the Caulobacter crescentus Holdfast Polysaccharide Biosynthesis Pathway Reveals Significant Redundancy in the Initiating Glycosyltransferase and Polymerase Steps

Caulobacter crescentus cells adhere to surfaces by using an extremely strong polar adhesin called the holdfast. The polysaccharide component of the holdfast is comprised in part of oligomers of N-acetylglucosamine. The genes involved in the export of the holdfast polysaccharide and the anchoring of the holdfast to the cell were previously discovered. In this study, we identified a cluster of polysaccharide biosynthesis genes (hfsEFGH) directly adjacent to the holdfast polysaccharide export genes. Sequence analysis indicated that these genes are involved in the biosynthesis of the minimum repeat unit of the holdfast polysaccharide. HfsE is predicted to be a UDP-sugar lipid-carrier transferase, the glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the first step in polysaccharide biosynthesis. HfsF is predicted to be a flippase, HfsG is a glycosyltransferase, and HfsH is similar to a polysaccharide (chitin) deacetylase. In-frame hfsG and hfsH deletion mutants resulted in severe deficiencies both in surface adhesion and in binding to the holdfast-specific lectin wheat germ agglutinin. In contrast, hfsE and hfsF mutants exhibited nearly wild-type levels of adhesion and holdfast synthesis. We identified three paralogs to hfsE, two of which are redundant to hfsE for holdfast synthesis. We also identified a redundant paralog to the hfsC gene, encoding the putative polysaccharide polymerase, and present evidence that the hfsE and hfsC paralogs, together with the hfs genes, are absolutely required for proper holdfast synthesis.
Diversity Trainer Preconceptions: The Effects of Trainer Race and Gender on Perceptions of Diversity Trainer Effectiveness

An important issue in designing diversity training programs is deciding who should conduct the training because the demographics of the diversity trainer may affect perceived training effectiveness. A total of 224 subjects participated in 2 experimental studies investigating the effects of diversity trainer race and gender on perceptions of diversity trainer effectiveness. The findings reveal that the race of the trainer, but not gender, influences trainer effectiveness perceptions and that the trainer's personal experience with discrimination and knowledge of institutional discrimination moderate the relationship between trainer race and effectiveness perceptions.
Regge cuts and the spin dependence of inclusive Λ production

Abstract Two models are constructed and compared with data for π+p, K+p, pp → Λ/Σ0 + X and pp → n + X. The first is a conventional triple-Regge pole model while the second has the effects of Regge cuts included. It is found that KA and KZ exchanges play crucial roles when Regge cuts are present. Predictions for the polarization and double correlation observables are presented and discussed. Particular attention is paid to the structure induced by the presence of the KA and KZ exchanges.
A genetic analysis of the concentrations of blood metabolites and their relationships with age and liveweight gain in young British Friesian bulls

Abstract Blood samples were taken from 428 young British Friesian bulls, the sons of 72 sires, between 3 and 15 months of age. The concentrations of blood glucose and haemoglobin and serum cholesterol, urea, albumin, globulin, inorganic phosphate, Ca, Mg, Na, K and Cu were measured and correlated with age and growth rate. Most of the constituents showed highly significant but small changes in concentration with age. The largest changes occurred in the concentrations of urea, albumin and haemoglobin which increased as bulls reached maturity. The concentrations of urea, albumin and globulin were also lower and concentrations of glucose, inorganic phosphate, Ca and K higher than usually occur in older cattle. Highest estimates of heritability, based on the mean of 3 samples, were for K and globulin (> 0.6) and for haemoglobin, cholesterol, inorganic phosphate, Cu and glucose (0.4–0.6). Phenotypic correlations between 0.2 and 0.4 occurred with growth rate for albumin and glucose between 24 and 35 weeks and with body weight for albumin between 27 and 50 weeks of age; however, the phenotypic correlations with average growth rate up to 53 weeks were only 0.15 and 0.07 for albumin and glucose, respectively. Genetic correlations with growth rate were also determined, but standard errors were large.
Inhibition of lordosis behavior in the female rat by intraventricular infusion of prolactin and by chronic hyperprolactinemia.

The role of prolactin (PRL) in the control of the lordosis reflex of female rats was investigated. In the initial series of experiments, the normal high level of sexual receptivity observed in the ovariectomized, estrogen-progesterone (E-P) primed female rat was suppressed by intraventricular infusion of 100 ng PRL. Mating behavior remained suppressed 2, 3, and 5 hours following a single infusion of PRL into the third ventricle. In contrast, infusions of either an equal volume of the solvent vehicle (saline) or 100 ng of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) were ineffective in modulating the level of mating behavior in hormone-primed female rats. In a second series of experiments, chronic hyperprolactinemia was induced by pituitary transplants under the renal capsule in intact, normal cyclic diestrus rats (N=12). A significant decrement in E-P induced mating behavior was observed at 12 and 14 weeks posttransplantation but not at 4 weeks. Sham-operated animals (N=12) displayed the characteristic pattern of b...