cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein interacting with C kinase (PICK1) is a suppressor of spinocerebellar ataxia 3-associated neurodegeneration in Drosophila

Spinocerebellar ataxia 3 (SCA3) is the most common autosomal dominant ataxia. The disease is caused by an expansion of a CAG-trinucelotide repeat region within the coding sequence of the ATXN3 gene, and this results in an expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within the Ataxin-3 protein. The polyQ expansion leads to neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Here, we tested the ability of a number of proteins that interact with Ataxin-3 to modulate SCA3 pathogenicity using Drosophila. Of 10 candidates, we found four novel enhancers and one suppressor. The suppressor, PICK1 (Protein interacting with C kinase 1), is a transport protein that regulates the trafficking of ion channel subunits involved in calcium homeostasis to and from the plasma membrane. In line with calcium homeostasis being a potential pathway mis-regulated in SCA3, we also found that down-regulation of Nach, an acid sensing ion channel, mitigates SCA3 pathogenesis in flies. Modulation of PICK1 could be targeted in other neurodegenerative diseases, as the toxicity of SCA1 and tau was also suppressed when PICK1 was down-regulated. These findings indicate that interaction proteins may define a rich source of modifier pathways to target in disease situations.
Interaction model for critical temperatures of multicomponent mixtures of methane‐free aliphatic hydrocarbons

A mathematical treatment based on an interaction model has yielded an expression capable of establishing the critical temperatures of multicomponent aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures. This model postulates an infinite-series expansion for the difference between the actual critical temperature and its corresponding pseudocritical value. For methane-free aliphatic hydrocarbon mixtures, this infinite series has been truncated beyond the third-order interactions. Explicit relationships are given for the second-order interaction coefficients Aij and Bij as a function of the binary-system parameter τij and the third-order interaction coefficient βijk as a function of χijk, the ternary-system parameter. This interaction model has been applied to one hundred-sixteen different compositions of binary, ternary, quaternary, and quinary aliphatic hydrocarbon systems to produce an overall average deviation of 0.35%. Owing to the different interaction behavior of methane, systems containing methane have not been included in this study.
Short-range order in aged Al─Mn quasicrystals

Abstract Commenting upon the diffuse diffraction spots in icosahedral AlMn seen by Mukhopadhyay et al. (1987), it is shown that the atomic structural model based on α(AlMnSi) predicts some of these...
The relationship between sex hormones and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in healthy adult men

• The objective of this study was to clarify the complex and uncertain relationship between endogenous sex hormones and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in healthy men. Fifty-five healthy adult men were consecutively recruited from an ongoing cross-sectional study of cardiovascular disease risk factors from a lipid research clinic at the University of Washington, Seattle. Subjects receiving medication were excluded. Multiple linear regression analysis identified several factors that correlated highly significantly with HDL cholesterol levels, including alcohol intake; frequency of strenuous exercise; age; levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride; and carbohydrate intake. Nearly 80% of the heterogeneity in HDL cholesterol levels could be accounted for by these factors. Despite finding significant correlations with factors known to influence HDL cholesterol levels, no correlation with estradiol level, testosterone level, or the ratio of estradiol to testosterone levels was apparent. In conclusion, endogenous sex hormones do not appear to influence HDL cholesterol levels in healthy adult men. Alternatively, a large proportion of the heterogeneity in HDL levels in this group of men can be accounted for by environmental factors. The disparity between this conclusion and others may be partially due to differences in accounting for these confounding variables. ( Arch Intern Med . 1990;150:2317-2320)
Kinetic Selectivity of Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Bearing Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes.

The evaluation of ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts 4–6 bearing cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) in the cross-metathesis of cis-1,4-diacetoxy-2-butene (7) with allylbenzene (8) and the ethenolysis of methyl oleate (11) is reported. Relative to most NHC-substituted complexes, CAAC-substituted catalysts exhibit lower E/Z ratios (3:1 at 70% conversion) in the cross-metathesis of 7 and 8. Additionally, complexes 4–6 demonstrate good selectivity for the formation of terminal olefins versus internal olefins in the ethenolysis of 11. Indeed, complex 6 achieved 35 000 TONs, the highest recorded to date. CAAC-substituted complexes exhibit markedly different kinetic selectivity than most NHC-substituted complexes.
Does The Uptick Rule Inflate Stock Prices

Does the uptick rule inflate stock prices? Miller (1977) hypothesizes that short sale constraints lead to stock overvaluation. In this paper I test this hypothesis in a power setting in which the Security and Exchange Commission (SEC) suspended the uptick rule for a pre-chosen set of stocks (pilot stocks) in 2005. The results suggest that on the NYSE the suspension of the uptick rule mitigates stock overvaluation and brings stock prices closer to their fundamental values. On the NASDAQ, however, lifting the uptick rule goes beyond correcting stock overvaluation; it leads to stock undervaluation. The results are robust after controlling for other factors, such as firm size, book-to-market ratio, stock return momentum, and availability of exchange-traded-options.
Buenos y malos extranjeros: la formación de clases como perspectiva ante las admisiones y exclusiones en la política migratoria de Estados Unidos en el siglo XX

This article focuses on the admission or exclusion of immigrants in the U.S., and documents the concept of the immigrants as eligible for admission only if they embody good moral character which extends in practice to being healthy, and not a burden by disease or for lacking sufficient economic resources to join the body politic. This article also describes the emergence of refugee policy as a reflection of how the U.S. government values the political beliefs of individuals and thus establishes selective criteria for admission, social welfare, and citizenship of refugees as “good foreigners.” Together, these aspects of U.S. immigration policy illustrate how immigration relates to class formation, that is, how the use of categories of exclusion and inclusion structure the “productive relationships” between people, and select who those people are.
THE USE OF IMAGING RADAR IN STUDYING OCEAN WAVES

Imaging radar can be used to provide information about the two dimensional character of the wave field. This is especially important near shore where the effects of refraction and shoaling interfere with the simple interpretation of a directional spectrum based on records from a network of gages. Imaging radar has the advantages of providing full two-dimensional information of the type provided by aerial photography and of being available continuously, including night time and during storms. Imaging radar, of course, also has some disadvantages when compared to other data gathering systems. Specifically, the imaging radar does not provide a measure of wave height. It does not provide as much resolution as aerial photography and the shorter waves of interest may be missed. The most important disadvantage is that short ripples are essential to the detection of long waves, hence swell is not detected outside the breaker zone when the wind is calm or the high frequency waves are inhibited by oil slicks. Several characteristics of the radar images of waves, as compared to aerial photography, are illustrated in Figure 1. Note the similarity of the wave patterns in the radar image and the aerial photograph. The image does not show any features of the land. The location of the radar is shown on the aerial photography by an "X". Ijima et al (1964) and Wright (1965) appear to have been among the first to report the use of radar for imaging ocean waves. Oudshoorn (1960), Wills and Beaumont (1971), Evmenov et al (1973) and others have published photographs of a radar scope showing waves. This report differs from earlier papers on this topic by providing a discussion of practical procedures for overcoming some o£ the more mundane technical difficulties associated with routine data collection.
Impediment to insight to innovation: understanding data assemblages through the breakdown–repair process

ABSTRACTAs the era of ‘big data’ unfolds, researchers are increasingly engaging with large, complex data sets compiled from heterogeneous sources and distributed across networked technologies. The nature of these data sets makes it difficult to grasp and manipulate their materiality. We argue that moments of breakdown – points at which progress is stopped due to a material limitation – provide opportunities for researchers to develop new imaginations and configurations of their data sets' materiality, and serve as underappreciated resources for knowledge production. In our ethnographic study of data-intensive research in an academic setting, we emphasize the layers of repair work required to address breakdown, and highlight incremental innovations that stem from this work. We suggest that a focus on the breakdown–repair process can facilitate nuanced understandings of the relationships and labour involved in constituting data assemblages and constructing knowledge from them.
Study on the law of smoke movementof subway train fire

The subway fire was simulated based on the reduced scale physical architectural models(scale ratio of 1∶5),to receive the temperature variation and the pressure variation of smoke in the subway station.According to the analysis of velocity of horizontal smoke flow and velocity of vertical smoke flow and data of environment pressure test,it comes: in the subway fire,the velocity of horizontal smoke flow is about 2.24 m/s;the velocity of vertical smoke flow at the beginning of fire is about 0.67 m/s,and is about 2.24 m/s after the start of smoke control system,and is 3.47 m/s as the maximum.So,the pressure at the station hall or subway platform is less than 25 Pa under the situation of proper ventilation;and is less than 7.5 Pa under the situation of smoke control.
Computational Evaluation of Protein Stability Change upon Mutations

When designing a mutagenesis experiment, it is often crucial to estimate the stability change of proteins induced by mutations (Delta DG). Despite the recent advances in computational methods, it is still challenging to estimate D DG quickly and accurately. We recently developed the Eris protocols for in silico evaluation of the Delta DG. Starting from the tertiary structure of the wide-type protein, the Eris protocols can model the structure of the mutant protein and estimate Delta DG using the structure models. The Eris protocols not only efficiently optimize the side chains conformations, taking advantage of a fast rotamer-based searching algorithm, but also allow protein backbone flexibility during the modeling. As a result, the Eris protocols effectively resolve steric clashes induced by certain mutations and have more accurate Delta DG predictions than a fixed-backbone approach. We discuss the general aspects of computational Delta DG estimations and discuss in detail the principles and methodologies of the Eris protocols.
In Vivo Density of Cone Pigments after Repeated Complete Bleaches

Even short durations of intense light may cause retinal damage, of the sort discussed by Dr. Ham and Dr. Lawwill in their papers for this symposium. (For a general review of light damage see Lanum, 1). One of the authors of the present paper, HDB, has a long history of repeated exposures to intense lights, that occurred during a program of measurements of his cone pigments by the technique of retinal reflection densitometry. In 1963, and again in 1968 he estimates his left eye was totally bleached over 100 times (2, 3). Then, beginning in the early 1970’s the regimen became more regular with approximately 100 total bleaches of his left eye each year; between September and April this year’s count already exceeds 100.
Democracy and Discontent: An overview of the study

Sooner or later all developing countries become difficult to govern, and over the past two decades India has been moving in that direction. This trend contrasts with the situation during the 1950s and 1960s, when India was widely regarded as one of the few stable democracies in the non-Western world. India is still, of course, a functioning democracy, but increasingly it is not well governed. The evidence of eroding political order is everywhere. Personal rule has replaced party rule at all levels – national, state, and district. Below the rulers, the entrenched civil and police services have been politicized. Various social groups have pressed new and ever more diverse political demands in demonstrations that often have led to violence. The omnipresent but feeble state, in turn, has vacillated; its responses have varied over a wide range: indifference, sporadic concessions, and repression. Such vacillation has fueled further opposition. The ineffectiveness of repression, moreover, has highlighted the breakdown of the civil machinery intended to enforce the law and maintain order. In order to protect themselves, citizens in some parts of the country have begun organizing private armies. The growing political violence has periodically brought the armed forces into India's political arena, whereas the armed forces once were considered apolitical. The purpose of this study is to describe how and attempt to explain why India has become difficult to govern. Was this outcome inevitable? India had long been considered something of a political exception.
The Intrusion Collector and Emulator

The ISEAGE environment is an advanced test-bed designed to allow researchers to play out real attacks against real machines without endangering any outside networks. Along with this test-bed comes the need for tools to utilize the environment and to help advance and grow the overall ISEAGE system. An important tool to have in any such test-bed environment such as ISEAGE is the ability to replay traffic from previous sessions. More specifically it is important to have the ability to replay attack traffic. It is this need that created the Intrusion Collector and Emulator (ICE). ICE is a system comprised of three main components; Snort, MySQL, and a custom piece of software called the Replayer. These three pieces come together to form a cohesive unit that allows users to capture and store attack traffic for later study and use. The Replayer can then retrieve any and all of the attacks and replay them. This gives researchers using ISEAGE a valuable tool that will allow them to capture attacks from various real world sites using Snort, and then study their effects on machines and networks as they replay those same attacks in safety on the ISEAGE network.
Vaginal Cytology and Ovarian Status

Beginning with studies reported by Everett (1939), more than one million vaginal smears from over 16,000 rats have been prepared and evaluated in the author’s laboratory during approximately 5 decades. It is appropriate to consider criteria for evaluating the smears and their relationship to ovarian function. Our criteria are based on the five stages of the estrous cycle of rats described by Long and Evans (1922) and presented here in Table 1 essentially as originally summarized. It is important to recognize that each stage represents a stop-action in a steadily moving process. The stages are to be regarded as indirect and somewhat delayed measures of ovarian hormone output. Thus, in general terms, the rise of estrogen in late diestrus results in proliferation of the vaginal epithelium to give the dry, velvety appearance characterizing proestrus (stages I and II).
Immunomodulation of Macrophage Functions by Opioids

Opioid agonists represent a group of natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic drugs with the ability to relieve pain but with the potential risk to provoke physical dependence. Structurally, opioids are phenanthrene derivatives (morphine), phenypiperidine derivatives (fentanyl), diphenylheptane derivatives (methadone),1 and pep tide-related compounds (en- dorphin, enkephalin, and dynorphin).2 Opioids exert their major pharmacologic effect on the central nervous system, however, they also interact with the immune system by altering macrophage, natural killer (NK) cell, and lymphocyte functions, thus impairing immunity against infectious diseases and cancer.3-7 Opioid agonist activities depend on binding to high-affinity receptors named μ, k, and δ which been found on cells of the immune system.2.8-10
Dynamic Electrical Source Imaging (DESI) of Seizures and Interictal Epileptic Discharges Without Ensemble Averaging

We propose an algorithm for electrical source imaging of epileptic discharges that takes a data-driven approach to regularizing the dynamics of solutions. The method is based on linear system identification on short time segments, combined with a classical inverse solution approach. Whereas ensemble averaging of segments or epochs discards inter-segment variations by averaging across them, our approach explicitly models them. Indeed, it may even be possible to avoid the need for the time-consuming process of marking epochs containing discharges altogether. We demonstrate that this approach can produce both stable and accurate inverse solutions in experiments using simulated data and real data from epilepsy patients. In an illustrative example, we show that we are able to image propagation using this approach. We show that when applied to imaging seizure data, our approach reproducibly localized frequent seizure activity to within the margins of surgeries that led to patients’ seizure freedom. The same approach could be used in the planning of epilepsy surgeries, as a way to localize potentially epileptogenic tissue that should be resected.
The Pharmacologic and Clinical Effects of Illicit Synthetic Cannabinoids

This article presents information on illicitly used synthetic cannabinoids. Synthetic cannabinoids are structurally heterogeneous and commonly used drugs of abuse that act as full agonists of the cannabinoid type-1 receptor but have a variety of additional pharmacologic effects. There are numerous cases of patient harm and death in the United States, Europe, and Australia with many psychological, neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and renal adverse events. Although most users prefer using cannabis, there are convenience, legal, and cost reasons driving the utilization of synthetic cannabinoids. Clinicians should be aware of pharmacologic and clinical similarities and differences between synthetic cannabinoid and cannabis use, the limited ability to detect synthetic cannabinoids in the urine or serum, and guidance to treat adverse events.
Comparative analysis of the in vivo radioprotective effects of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), recombinant granulocyte-macrophage CSF, and their combination

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare the in vivo radioprotective effects of pre-total body irradiation (TBI) conditioning with recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rG-CSF) and recombinant granulocyte-macrophage CSF (rGM-CSF) in a large series of lethally and supralethally irradiated mice. Also analyzed were the radioprotective effects of simultaneous as well as sequential combinations of rG-CSF and rGM-CSF. Our findings in 1,180 mice provide direct evidence that in vivo administration of rG-CSF or rGM-CSF before TBI protects a significant fraction of mice from the lethal effects of LD100/30 TBI. At equivalent doses, rG-CSF displayed a more potent radioprotective activity than rGM-CSF. Not only was rG-CSF radioprotective at much smaller doses than rGM-CSF, the survival rate after lethal TBI was also significantly higher in mice receiving optimally radioprotective doses of rG-CSF as compared with mice receiving optimally radioprotective doses of rGM-CSF. Pretreatment of mice with rGM-CSF markedly attenuated the radioprotective affects of rG-CSF in lethally as well as supralethally irradiated mice. Pretreatment with rG-CSF followed by rGM-CSF was slightly more effective than rG-CSF alone in supralethally irradiated mice but not in lethally irradiated mice. Notably, marked differences among different strains of mice were noted regarding the optimally radioprotective doses of rG-CSF or rGM-CSF as well as probability of survival and median survival time after lethal or supralethal TBI. This report confirms and extends previous studies concerning the potential of cytokines in prevention or therapy of lethal radiation injury.
A multi-object double spectrograph for the Large Binocular Telescope

We are building a Multi-Object Double Spectrograph for the Large Binocular Telescope. The instrument is designed to have high throughput from 320 to 1000 nm, spectral resolutions of 1,000-10,000, and multi-object capability over a 6 arcminute field. The design incorporates a dichroic and splits the science beam into a blue and a red channel, each of which can illuminate an 8,192 pixel long detector (with 15 micron pixels) with good image quality. The highly modular design can hold up to three gratings and an imaging flat and a selection of filters in each channel, all of which are quickly accessible; this allows for substantial observing flexibility. Progress on the construction of the instrument and future plans will be described.
Diffuse peritoneal mesothelioma: A case series of 62 patients including paraoccupational exposures to chrysotile asbestos

Background Diffuse peritoneal malignant mesothelioma (DPM) is caused by exposure to asbestos. The medical literature has linked DPM primarily to high levels of asbestos exposure, in particular amosite. Controversy persists as to whether chrysotile is capable of causing DPM, especially when exposures are paraoccupational. Methods Sixty-two subjects (51 men, 11 women) with DPM were reviewed in medical-legal consultation with deposition and product identification evidence. Results All had pathologically confirmed DPM. Most were exposed to both amphibole and chrysotile, but chrysotile alone was documented in 14/62 (26%) cases. A total of 7/14 (50%) cases of the paraoccupational exposures were to chrysotile alone. Women were younger than men as were those with paraoccupational versus those with occupational exposure. The mean duration of exposure for all cases was 17.9 ± 10 years and latency from time of first exposure was 45.9 + 11.6 years. Conclusions DPM occurs with both occupational and paraoccupational exposures to asbestos and may be seen in paraoccupational exposures to chrysotile asbestos.
Resilience, hope and flourishing are inversely associated with burnout among members of the Society for Gynecologic Oncology.

Abstract Purpose In this study we sought to: 1) determine rates of burnout and other associated indices of psychosocial distress such as alcohol and substance abuse, 2) establish the baseline performance of gynecologic oncologists on several positive psychology metrics, 3) determine if increased hope, resilience, and flourishing are associated with decreased burnout. Methods A survey of members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) was conducted in spring of 2017. Participants were sent an electronic questionnaire consisting of 82 items measuring burnout, depression, substance abuse, flourishing, resilience, hope, and psychological wellbeing. Results A total of 1745 members were invited and 374 (21.4%) responded. Overall, 23.0% of respondents scores above clinical cutoffs indicating burnout. Almost 50.0% of participants screened positive for depression, 17.0% screened positive for alcohol abuse and 12.0% screened positive for substance abuse. Respondents meeting criteria for burnout were more likely to screen positive for depression (p Conclusion(s) Burnout and associated indices of physiological distress continue to affect a large segment of SGO membership. Participants not meeting the criteria for burnout had higher scores on resilience, flourishing, hope, and wellbeing metrics. This suggests new targets for evidence-based interventions to mitigate burnout among members of SGO.
Plan Recognition of Movement

Plan recognition of movement by car or foot is generally intractable because of the huge number of potential destinations and routes. However in restricted areas with limited ingress/egress and few places to go such as a military base, plan recognition of movement can be done. The ABM system uses RFID and Lidar to track the movement of vehicles and people, infer their plans/goals, and distinguish threat from normal behavior. ABM represents plans as a series of polygons that abstract important road/terrain features such as intersections and driveways. ABM's keyhole plan recognition algorithm handles unobserved steps caused by insufficient data rates or deficient sensor coverage and handles position inaccuracies due to limited sensor precision or multi-path reflections from buildings. ABM guards privacy by storing only a person's role (e.g., visitor, office worker, grounds keeper) on the military base.
Penn Central and Its Reluctant Muftis

This Article explores the role of the Supreme Court’s Penn Central line of regula-tory takings cases, from the premise that the purpose of the Penn Central doctrine is to advance fundamental fairness in an era of pervasive land use regulation. In particular, the Article focuses on whether the doctrine inherently is self-defeating, since judges are reluctant to act as “grand muftis” of zoning and planning, and hence are driven towards the type of formulaic rules that the doctrine eschews.
A Model of Cell Damage in Space Flight

Cell damage by high LET radiations has been described by a phenomenological model (track theory) for 20 years and more. Molecules of biological significance (dry enzymes and viruses) act as 1 hit detectors. Recent additions to the class of 1-hit detectors are E. Coli B, and the creation of both single and double strand breaks in SV-40 virus in EO buffer, where indirect effects predominate. The response of cells (survival, transformation, chromosome aberration) to these radiations is typically described by a 4-parameter model whose numerical values are determined by fitting the equations of the theory to experimental data at high dose (typically above 1 Gy) with bombardments with 7 rays and HZE particle beams, of the widest possible dynamic range. Once these parameters are determined the model predicts cellular response in any radiation environment whose particle-energy spectrum is known. Perhaps the central importance of the present model is the ability to estimate the response of a complex environment with many components from a limited set of laboratory data. For example, we have calculated cell survival after neutron irradiation, with mixtures of neutrons and γ rays; cell survival and transformation after irradiation with HZE ions of different energies. The model does not yet include cellular repair. Although some hopeful approaches to repair dependence are now being developed. It does not include cancer induction, for the available data neither give the number of cells at risk or the number of cancers induced, and are thus not suited to our formulation.
Rollover Protective Structures, Worker Safety, and Cost-Effectiveness: New York, 2011–2017

Objectives. To measure cost-effectiveness of an intervention to increase retrofitting of rollover protective structures (ROPS) on tractors.Methods. Tractor overturns are the leading cause of farm fatalities. ROPS prevent these deaths. This study updates a 2011 cost-effectiveness assessment of a New York State intervention to increase use of ROPS. We subtracted intervention cost from the cost of injuries averted, then divided this figure by the number of averted injuries. We used related probabilities and costs of fatalities and injuries from published literature to calculate the program’s cost-effectiveness.Results. The total cost of the injuries averted from 2007 to 2017 was $6 018 742 versus a total program cost of $1 776 608. The one-time retrofit costs will continue to prevent injuries as long as the tractors are used, generating additional (projected) future savings of $12 136 512, $15 781 027, and $18 924 818 if retrofitted tractors remain in operation 15, 20, or 25 years after their retrofit.Conclu...
Noisy Blackbox Optimization using Multi-fidelity Queries: A Tree Search Approach

We study the problem of black-box optimization of a noisy function in the presence of low-cost approximations or fidelities, which is motivated by problems like hyper-parameter tuning. In hyper-parameter tuning evaluating the black-box function at a point involves training a learning algorithm on a large data-set at a particular hyper-parameter and evaluating the validation error. Even a single such evaluation can be prohibitively expensive. Therefore, it is beneficial to use low-cost approximations, like training the learning algorithm on a sub-sampled version of the whole data-set. These low-cost approximations/fidelities can however provide a biased and noisy estimate of the function value. In this work, we combine structured state-space exploration through hierarchical partitioning with querying these partitions at multiple fidelities, and develop a multi-fidelity bandit based tree-search algorithm for noisy black-box optimization. We derive simple regret guarantees for our algorithm and validate its performance on real and synthetic datasets.
Constrained coupled matrix-tensor factorization and its application in pattern and topic detection

Traditionally, time-evolving topic discovery approaches have focused on the temporal evolution of the topic itself. However, especially in settings where content is contributed by a community or a crowd, an orthogonal notion of time is the one that pertains to the level of expertise of the content creator: the more experienced the creator, the more advanced the topic will be. In this paper, we propose a novel time-evolving topic discovery method which, in addition to the extracted topics, is able to identify the evolution of that topic over time, as well as the level of difficulty of that topic, as it is inferred by the level of expertise of its main contributors. Our method is based on a novel formulation of Constrained Coupled Matrix-Tensor Factorization, which adopts constraints that are well motivated for, and, as we demonstrate, are necessary for high-quality topic discovery.
The Role of Emotional Abuse in Youth Smoking.

Introduction The purpose of this prospective study is to examine the role of emotional abuse in predicting youth smoking. Methods Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. The sample was restricted to those who had an interview at age 12 years and at least one interview at ages 14, 16, or 18 years (n=775). Self-reported smoking at ages 14, 16, and 18 years was the time-varying dependent variable. Peer and household smoking were modeled as time-varying predictors. Type of abuse, youth sex, race/ethnicity, history of child neglect, and study site were modeled as time-invariant predictors. Dates of data collection from age 4 years to age 18 years range from July 1991 to January 2012. Analyses were conducted in 2017. Results After controlling for a history of neglect, sex, race/ethnicity, study site, household and peer smoking, those with physical and/or sexual abuse only, or emotional abuse only, were at no greater risk of smoking compared with the no abuse group. However, those classified as having a combination of physical and/or sexual abuse and emotional abuse were at significantly greater risk for youth smoking compared with those with no reported physical/sexual or emotional abuse (β=0.51, z=2.43, p=0.015). Conclusions Emotional abuse, in combination with physical and/or sexual abuse, predicted youth smoking, whereas the other types of abuse (physical and/or sexual abuse), or emotional abuse alone, did not. Considering the important health implications of early smoking initiation, it is important to document critical influential factors to better inform intervention efforts.
Collaborative capability and organizational performance: Assessing strategic choice and purity

Abstract A frequently asked research question is, “Does cross-functional collaboration improve firm performance?” The findings are mixed. Much research reports a positive relationship. Some research finds a negative relationship. Other research argues that the question is not so easy to answer. The fact that boundary conditions remain underexplored may provide the key to reconciling divergent findings. We assess the potential moderating role of strategic choice and strategic purity on the collaboration-performance linkage. Drawing on Constituency-Based and Organizational Conflict theories, we hypothesize various aspects of strategy (orientation and purity) as direct influences on a firm's collaborative capability as well as moderating influence on the collaboration-performance linkage. Hypotheses are tested utilizing survey responses from European supply chain managers and a multilevel model. We find that while the differentiation strategy moderated the collaboration-performance linkage, counterintuitive results associated with strategic purity are explained by strategic intensity. This suggests that collaboration does not passively align divergent goals among multiple constituents of the firm. Rather, proactive alignment is required as a superordinate enabler. These results are found to be true regardless of strategic purity.
A Nontrigonal Tricoordinate Phosphorus Ligand Exhibiting Reversible ‘Nonspectator’ L/X–Switching

We report here a "nonspectator" behavior for an unsupported L-function σ3 -P ligand (i.e. P{N[o-NMe-C6 H4 ]2 }, 1a) in complex with the cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl cation (Fp+ ). Treatment of 1a⋅Fp+ with [(Me2 N)3 S][Me3 SiF2 ] results in fluoride addition to the P-center, giving the isolable crystalline fluorometallophosphorane 1aF ⋅Fp that allows a crystallographic assessment of the variance in the Fe-P bond as a function of P-coordination number. The nonspectator reactivity of 1a⋅Fp+ is rationalized on the basis of electronic structure arguments and by comparison to trigonal analogue (Me2 N)3 P⋅Fp+ (i.e. 1b⋅Fp+ ), which is inert to fluoride addition. These observations establish a nonspectator L/X-switching in (σ3 -P)-M complexes by reversible access to higher-coordinate phosphorus ligand fragments.
An efficient long-time stable second-order accurate time-stepping scheme for evolutionary magneto-micropolar flows

Abstract We propose and study a second-order in time linearly extrapolated time-stepping method, together with finite element spatial discretizations, for the coupled magneto-micropolar fluid model that describes the motion of relatively rigid microelements in electrically conducting flow in the presence of magnetic field. It is based on two-step backward difference time discretization and linear extrapolation of the coupling and nonlinear terms such that skew symmetry properties of the nonlinear terms are preserved. The algorithm requires one solve of linear magneto-micropolar system at each time step. We establish unconditional and long time stability of the scheme in the L 2 norm, provided external data is uniformly bounded in time. Optimal order error estimates for fully discretized scheme using finite element spatial discretization are derived. Numerical examples are presented that illustrate the accuracy, efficiency and long time stability of the scheme.
Differential Surface Elemental Distribution Leads to Significantly Enhanced Stability of PtNi-Based ORR Catalysts

Summary PtNi-based nanomaterials represent an emerging class of highly active catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. However, they suffer from poor stability in operating conditions, which is the key challenge in maintaining their activity advantage over Pt in practice. We report significantly enhanced stability and activity of octahedral PtNi nanoparticles by tuning their surface elemental distribution through the introduction of a third element (Cu) during synthesis. To uncover the mechanism behind this observation, we performed kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations initialized using growth-tracking experiments and demonstrated that PtNiCu has improved Ni and Cu retention compared with PtNi, in agreement with experiments. The tracked movement of individual atoms in KMC reveals that the enhanced stability can be attributed to increased surface Pt composition in as-synthesized catalysts, which reduces the generation of surface vacancies and suppresses the surface migration and subsequent dissolution of subsurface Cu and Ni atoms.
PCSK9 inhibition as a novel therapeutic target for alcoholic liver disease

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) causes significant morbidity and mortality, and pharmacological treatment options are limited. In this study, we evaluated the PCSK9 inhibitor alirocumab, a monoclonal antibody that robustly reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), for the treatment of ALD using a rat model of chronic alcohol exposure. Alirocumab (50 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered weekly for 6 weeks to rats receiving a 12% alcohol liquid diet or an isocaloric control diet. At the end of the alcohol exposure protocol, serum and liver samples were obtained for molecular characterization and histopathological analysis. PCSK9 inhibition with alirocumab attenuated alcohol-induced hepatic triglyceride accumulation through regulation of lipid metabolism (mRNA expression of modulators of fatty acid synthesis (FAS) and catabolism (PPARα and CPT1)), hepatocellular injury (ALT), hepatic inflammation (mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (TNFa, IL-1β, IL-22, IL-33, IL-17α, IL-2, MIP-2, and MCP-1), and neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase staining)). Alirocumab treatment also attenuated alcohol-induced PCSK9 mRNA elevation and upregulated LDL-receptor (LDL-R) via modulation of the transcription factors (SREBP-1, SREBP-2, and E2F1) in liver. We demonstrated that chronic anti-PCSK9 treatment using the monoclonal antibody alirocumab attenuated alcohol-induced steatohepatitis in the rat model. Given the large unmet clinical need for effective and novel treatments for ALD, anti-PCSK9 treatment with the monoclonal antibody that spares liver metabolism is a viable new therapeutic possibility. Future studies are needed to elucidate the exact role of PCSK9 in ALD and alcohol use disorder (AUD) and to evaluate efficacy and safety of anti-PCSK9 treatment in clinical populations with ALD/AUD.
Quadrupole simulations of three-dimensional structures

Thermography has been shown to be a viable technique for inspection of composites. The quadrupole method is a valuable technique for rapidly simulating the thermal response of layered systems. Often, the effort has focused on a one-dimensional model, in particular for improved analysis of thermal data. For composites, the in-plane heat diffusion often significantly impacts the thermal response of defects of interest, therefore three-dimensional simulations are desirable. This paper discusses the extension of the quadrupole methodology to perform simulations of thermographic responses in three-dimensional configurations. This enables the more realistic simulations of the thermal response of delaminations in composites. The simulations are compared to finite element simulations of the same inspection configurations.
Profiles of depression in a treatment‐seeking Hispanic population: Psychometric properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9

Objectives Screening instruments can be powerful tools in assisting primary care providers with detecting depression in their patients and monitoring treatment response. Health disparities among racial and ethnic minorities result from inaccurate assessment in primary care. Methods The current study used baseline data from two federally funded research studies of treatment for depression among Hispanics in primary care. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was administered at baseline prior to the study interventions, and 499 participants provided responses. Results Confirmatory factor analyses found excellent factor validity for the PHQ-9, yet reliability remained poor. Possible heterogeneity in depressive item scores was examined, and latent profile analysis identified four distinct profiles of PHQ-9 responses. Profiles included a lower depression, moderate/somatization, moderate/negative self-view, and severe depression profiles. Results indicate modest support for the PHQ-9 and its use among Hispanics for the purpose of depression screening. Conclusion Capturing four profiles of depression in a large primary care sample helps characterize the manifestation of depression in a Hispanic population. The single item related to fatigue had the greatest variation across groups indicating it might be useful as a screening item. Inadequate evaluation of symptoms could lead to significant under identification of the disorder among Hispanics.
Targeting VPAC1 receptors for imaging glioblastoma

1262 Objectives: Scintigraphic imaging of human glioblastoma continues to be challenging. Objective was to develop a genomic tracer to efficiently image glioblastoma at an early stage. Methods: Expression of VPAC1 receptors on the mouse GL-261 and human U-87 glioma cell lines was determined by western blot. Cell binding assay was performed by incubating 64Cu-TP3805 with 1.2 x 106 GL-261 and U-87 cells. GL-261 cell line which mimics human glioblastoma was chosen and was grown in tissue culture. 105 GL-261 cells were then implanted in the right brain lobe of T-bet knockout C57BL/6 mice (N=5). Tumors were allowed to grow for 2-3 weeks. PET/CT imaging and tissue distribution studies were performed using F-18-FDG and 24 hrs later using Cu-64-TP3805, which has been shown in our laboratory to efficiently image breast and prostate cancers in humans. On day 10 to 14 after GL-261 implantation mice were injected i.v., first with 150 µCi of F-18-FDG and 24 hrs later with 150 µCi of Cu-64-TP3805. Mice were imaged using Micro-PET/CT 2 hr later, sacrificed and % ID/g of tumor and normal brain were calculated. To prepare Cu-64-TP3805, 30 µL of 64CuCl2 in 0.1M HC1, was added to peptide-conjugate (20 µg) in 200 µL of 0.2M glycine buffer (pH=9.27), and incubated at 70o C for 90 min. The radiochemical purity was determined by radio-HPLC. Results: The labeling efficiency of 64-TP3805 as determined by radio-HPLC was 96.3±0.5% with retention time for 64Cu-peptide at 5.3 min and for free 64CuCl2 at 3.4 min. We found strong signal for VPAC1 receptor on western blot for GL-261 and U-87 cells (Fig-1). The cell binding for 64Cu-peptide was 86±1.5% for both the cell lines. Micro-PET/CT image analyses and tissue distribution showed that the Cu-64-TP3805 tumor uptake at 2 hrs post injection was 7±2% ID/g as compared to 0.96±0.3% ID/g for normal brain. The normal tissue distribution showed a similar pattern as observed in PET imaging. F-18-FDG brain images were unclear for tumor imaging. Conclusion: Western blot studies confirmed high VPAC1 expression on the glioblastoma cell lines examined. 64Cu-TP3805 showed excellent labeling efficiency, and high uptake in glioblastoma. Targeting VPAC1 receptors using 64Cu-TP3805 for PET imaging of glioblastoma is a promising approach and calls for further investigation. Acknowledgements: The research, in part, was supported by NIH/NCI R01CA157372 (MLT), NIH/NCI 1S10OD012406 (MLT) and NIH/NCI S10RR23709 (MLT).
Study of Active Line Flow Constraints in DC Optimal Power Flow Problems

Efficiently and reliably operating electric power grids requires the frequent solution of optimization problems such as the DC Optimal Power Flow (DC OPF) problem. Solution of DC OPF problems can be challenging due to the large number of operational constraints imposed in these problems, especially limits on the line flows. Improving solver times can be facilitated by a better understanding of the active line flow constraints in DC OPF problems (i.e., the inequality constraints limiting line flows that are satisfied with equality at the solution). Considering a variety of test cases and a range of loading scenarios, this paper empirically characterizes the sets of active line flow constraints in DC OPF problems. Among other analyses, the paper compares the sets of redundant line flow constraints (i.e., constraints guaranteed to be inactive) that are identified by previously proposed constraint screening methods to the line flow constraints that are actually observed to be active over a range of scenarios. The results indicate that a large fraction of the line flow constraints which are not identified as being redundant by these screening methods are nevertheless inactive in the DC OPF solutions. This observation suggests the potential for improvements to the constraint screening methods. Laying the groundwork for achieving these improvements, this paper also identifies which line characteristics tend to be associated with active flow constraints and studies the relationships among sets of simultaneously active line flow constraints.
Assessing the roles and challenges of librarians in dental systematic and scoping reviews.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the scope of experience, roles, and challenges that librarians face in participating in dental and oral health systematic and scoping reviews to inform outreach efforts to researchers and identify areas for librarian professional development. Methods: The authors developed a twenty-three-item survey based on the findings of two recent articles about health sciences librarians’ roles and challenges in conducting systematic and scoping reviews. The survey was distributed via electronic mailing lists to librarians who were likely to have participated in conducting dental systematic and scoping reviews. Results: While survey respondents reported participating in many dental reviews, they participated more commonly in systematic reviews than in scoping reviews. Also, they worked less commonly on dental and oral health reviews than on non-dental reviews. Librarian roles in dental reviews tended to follow traditional librarian roles: all respondents had participated in planning and information retrieval stages, whereas fewer respondents had participated in screening and assessing articles. The most frequently reported challenges involved the lead reviewer or review team rather than the librarians themselves, with time- and methodology-related challenges being most common. Conclusions: Although librarians might not be highly involved in dental and oral health systematic and scoping reviews, more librarian participation in these reviews, either as methodologists or information experts, may improve their reviews’ overall quality.