cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time to step up: defending basic science and animal behaviour

a Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, U.S.A. b Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, U.S.A. c Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, U.S.A. d Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, U.S.A. e Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, U.S.A.
A comparative study of hardening theories in torsion using the Taylor polycrystal model

Abstract A study of five rate-independent hardening rules (from Taylor and Elam (“The Distortion of an Aluminium Crystal during a Tensile Test”, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (1923), A102, 643) to Bassani and Wu (“Latent Hardening in Single Crystals II. Analytical Characterization and Predictions,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. (1991), A435, 21)) is presented based upon the classic Taylor polycrystal model in finite strain torsion. Comparisons of aggregate shear stress-strain curves, evolving crystallographic textures, yield loci, and axial stresses among the theories are made; and results are assessed against experiments on polycrystalline copper from the literature.
Scopolamine radioimmunoassay for tissue cultures of Datura

Abstract A sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been established for investigation of scopolamine yields from cell and tissue cultures of Datura . A scopolamine-binding antiserum was obtained with a nor-(−)-scopolamine- N -propionic acid protein conjugate. The assay used commercially available labelled antigen, l -( N -methyl[ 3 H])-scopol-amine methylchloride and measured scopolamine in the range 0.15 to 3.0 ng. The antiserum exhibited a cross-reactivity of 5.2% for hyoscyamine and 1.7% for 6-hydroxyhyoscyamine. Callus cultures of five species of Datura exhibited low levels of antigenic activity when assayed by RIA. Yields ranged from 3 ng to 4 μg scopolamine equivalents/g dry wt. Separation of a D. stramonium callus tissue extract by HPLC and analysis of the fractions by RIA gave tentative identification of scopolamine, 6-hydroxyhyoscyamine, norscopolamine and hyoscyamine as antigenic components of the extract. Hyoscyamine was found to be accumulated in excess of scopolamine and interfered in the specific determination of scopolamine in the unpurified extract.
Cyclic 3',5' AMP relay in Dictyostelium discoideum. II. Requirements for the initiation and termination of the response.

The secretion of 3H-cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) by prelabeled and suitably differentiated Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae was elicited in a perfusion apparatus by 10(-10) to 10(-5) M [14C]cAMP stimuli of defined magnitude and duration. Exogenous stimuli evoked an immediate increase in the rate of [3H]cAMP secretion which accelerated continuously to reach a peak of up to 100 times the unstimulated rate after 2--3 min of stimulation. Withdrawal of the stimulus at any time during the response led to a rapid decline to basal levels. Furthermore, a spontaneous decline in secretion rate was observed during prolonged cAMP stimulation, with a return to basal levels after 3--8 min of stimulation. After the initial secretory event, cells did not respond further to the continued presence of external [14C]cAMP unless (a) it was interrupted by a brief recovery period or (b) the level of the stimulus was increased sufficiently. Since the second increment could follow the first at any time, continuous secretion of [3H]cAMP could be sustained for up to 30 min by progressively increasing the stimulus between 10(-10) and 10(-5) M cAMP. The total magnitude of spontaneously terminated responses depended on the size of the increment in applied cAMP, larger stimuli evoking both a more rapid acceleration and a slower deceleration in [3H]cAMP secretion rate. The integrated response to a given increment in stimulus level was apparently independent of its "shape" - i.e., the duration, magnitude, and number of sub-steps in the increment. These data support two mechanistic inferences: that amoebae respond in proportion to relative increases in extracellular cAMP concentration, but adapt to the concentration of cAMP itself. The data further suggest that the initiation and termination of the response are mediated by cellular component(s) beyond cAMP-occupied receptors.
The effect of structural modification on the physical and electronic properties of polythiophenes

Abstract Conductive polymers of β-ethylmercapto substituted thiophenes have been synthesized to obtain soluble materials. Structural analyses of the conducting polymers indicate that a well-defined β-substituted 2,5-thienylene polymeric structure is formed. Electronic absorption spectra of oxidized polymer films or solutions exhibit formation of bipolaronic species. Conductivities in the semiconductor range have been obtained for the oxidized polymers. Theoretical calculations have been carried out, using PRDDO method, to demonstrate radicalion reactivities for the thiophene monomers and minimum conformations for substituted polymers. Heterogeneous blends have been made by co-casting these polymers with typical thermoplastic materials and studied by optical microscopy and thermal analysis.
Stress and infertility in women: Is there a relationship?

Research has strongly suggested that infertility is an organic problem. Recently, studies have indicated that, indeed, stress may contribute to some cases of infertility. Stress management and relaxation training show promise in decreasing psychological distress in infertile women, as well as the potential for increasing conception rates. A behavioral medicine group treatment program for infertile women was started in 1987, which is described and illustrated in this article. Participants demonstrate significant decreases in all measured areas of psychological distress, as well as a 34% conception rate. Because the majority of infertile women who attend behavioral sessions experience significant psychological relief, and some may experience increased conception rates, it is suggested that such psychological interventions be offered to all infertile women. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ends against the middle: Determining public service provision when there are private alternatives

Abstract Public provision of a service coexists with private market provision. The quality of public provision is determined by majority vote. Preferences are not single peaked owing to the presence of private alternatives. We identify two cases. In one, majority voting equilibrium always exists and the median-income voter is pivotal. In the other, a necessary condition for equilibrium indentifies the pivotal voter who must have income below the median. When equilibrium exists, a coalition of middle-income households who consume the public alternative will be opposed by a coalition of rich and poor households, with the rich choosing private consumption.
Case Study: A Survey of Pasture-Finished Beef Producers in the Northeastern United States

ABSTRACT Twenty-six pasture-finished beef producers were surveyed with locations in Pennsylvania, New York, and Maryland. Surveys were personal interviews, and most were done on the farm site. The surveys were conducted to examine production and marketing economics and to determine productivity and profitability. The farms varied in size from 4.05 to 81.2 ha (mean = 20.0 ± 19.8 ha) for pasture-finished cattle. Production ranged from 2 grazing animals intended for harvest to 75 cattle harvested (25.1 ± 17.5 head). Most producers reported that cattle sales represented 10 to 25% of the total farm and nonfarm income (42.3 ± 8.4%). Cattle predominantly grazed grass-legume combinations on 23 of 26 farms. The predominant breed was Angus (29% of farms). Most producers were not using vaccines (48%), and mean health cost per animal was $11.22 ± 8.22, primarily from dewormers. The mean age of cattle at harvest was 20.7 ± 4.5 mo, with a minimum of 14 mo and a maximum of 27 mo, and a mean final BW of 498 ± 91.5 kg. Fifty-five percent of the product was sold as frozen retail cuts at an average price of $10.91/kg. Average cost per steer was $2,066.32 ± $1,251.54, and net returns were ∕$198.62 per steer, with considerable variation (±$1,596.90). Correlations of net returns, net returns to land and labor, and gross income with equipment cost, purchased feed cost, land cost, and cost per steer indicated that land, equipment, and wintering costs had the greatest influence on net returns.
Sterically congested, hexameric tetrakispyridinyl-PdII/CdII-metallomacrocycles: self-assembly and structural characterization

Hexagonal PdII- or CdII-tetrakispyridinyl-based macrocycles are quantitatively self-assembled from 4′-(3-pyridinyl)-4,4′′-di(tert-butyl)-2,2′ : 6′,2′′-terpyridine and structurally confirmed by NMR and TWIM-MS.
Ferroelectric ceramics : History and technology

Ferroelectric ceramics were born in the early 1940s with the discovery of the phenomenon of ferroelectricity as the source of the unusually high dielectric constant in ceramic barium titanate capacitors. Since that time, they have been the heart and soul of several multibillion dollar industries, ranging from high-dielectric-constant capacitors to later developments in piezoelectric transducers, positive temperature coefficient devices, and electrooptic light valves. Materials based on two compositional systems, barium titanate and lead zirconate titanate, have dominated the field throughout their history. The more recent developments in the field of ferroelectric ceramics, such as medical ultrasonic composites, high-displacement piezoelectric actuators (Moonies, RAINBOWS), photostrictors, and thin and thick films for piezoelectric and integrated-circuit applications have served to keep the industry young amidst its growing maturity. Various ceramic formulations, their form (bulk, films), fabrication, function (properties), and future are described in relation to their ferroelectric nature and specific areas of application.
DSM-5 Substance Use Disorders and Offense Types Among Women in the Criminal Justice System

The majority of research on connections between substance use and offending has been conducted among men, and newly adopted Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. (DSM-5) criteria for substance use disorders have not yet been examined in the criminal justice population. The current study utilized the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities to assess the connection between DSM-5 alcohol and drug use disorders (DUDs) and the types of offenses for which women were incarcerated. Results show severe alcohol use disorders were significantly associated with violent offenses while severe DUDs were more likely to contribute to property and drug-related offenses. These findings have direct implications for DSM-5 substance use disorder assessment and treatment programming for incarcerated women.
Nonparametric multivariate density estimation: a comparative study

The paper algorithmically and empirically studies two major types of nonparametric multivariate density estimation techniques, where no assumption is made about the data being drawn from any of known parametric families of distribution. The first type is the popular kernel method (and several of its variants) which uses locally tuned radial basis (e.g., Gaussian) functions to interpolate the multidimensional density; the second type is based on an exploratory projection pursuit technique which interprets the multidimensional density through the construction of several 1D densities along highly "interesting" projections of multidimensional data. Performance evaluations using training data from mixture Gaussian and mixture Cauchy densities are presented. The results show that the curse of dimensionality and the sensitivity of control parameters have a much more adverse impact on the kernel density estimators than on the projection pursuit density estimators. >
Calcium Instabilities in Mammalian Cardiomyocyte Networks

The degeneration of a regular heart rhythm into fibrillation (a chaotic or chaos-like sequence) can proceed via several classical routes described by nonlinear dynamics: period-doubling, quasiperiodicity, or intermittency. In this study, we experimentally examine one aspect of cardiac excitation dynamics, the long-term evolution of intracellular calcium signals in cultured cardiomyocyte networks subjected to increasingly faster pacing rates via field stimulation. In this spatially extended system, we observed alternans and higher-order periodicities, extra beats, and skipped beats or blocks. Calcium instabilities evolved nonmonotonically with the prevalence of phase-locking or Wenckebach rhythm, low-frequency magnitude modulations (signature of quasiperiodicity), and switches between patterns with occasional bursts (signature of intermittency), but period-doubling bifurcations were rare. Six ventricular-fibrillation-resembling episodes were pace-induced, for which significantly higher complexity was confirmed by approximate entropy calculations. The progressive destabilization of the heart rhythm by coexistent frequencies, seen in this study, can be related to theoretically predicted competition of control variables (voltage and calcium) at the single-cell level, or to competition of excitation and recovery at the cell network level. Optical maps of the response revealed multiple local spatiotemporal patterns, and the emergence of longer-period global rhythms as a result of wavebreak-induced reentries.
Fetal Akinesia Deformation Sequence with Delayed Skeletal Muscle Maturation and Polymicrogyria: Evidence for a Hypoxic/ Ischemic Pathogenesis

Multiple congenital contractures, also known as fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS) and related terms, result from decreased fetal movement. The underlying etiologies are diverse and include central nervous system (CNS) dysgeneses and primary myopathies. Persistent central nuclei or the presence of myotubes is often regarded as evidence of a primary myopathic etiology; however, these findings are also associated with impaired fetal innervation. We report 7 fetuses, estimated gestational age 20 to 23 weeks, with persistent myotubular morphology, a change that could be (mis)interpreted as a primary myopathy. In 4 of the patients, CNS histology showed hypoxic/ischemic injury, polymicrogyria, mineralized neurons, and microinfarcts with or without loss of anterior horn neurons. FADS cases with polymicrogyria have frequently been interpreted as a consequence of a primary brain malformation. Only a few descriptions of FADS associate polymicrogyria with CNS hypoxic/ ischemic injury, however, and do not describe skeletal muscle maturation delay. We hypothesize that this combination of neural and muscular pathology is an under-recognized pattern in FADS, which results from diffuse hypoxic/ischemic injury involving the brain and spinal cord during early to middle gestation.
Follistatin-Like 1 Is an Akt-Regulated Cardioprotective Factor That Is Secreted by the Heart

Background— The Akt protein kinase is an important mediator of cardiac myocyte growth and survival. To identify factors with novel therapeutic applications in cardiac diseases, we focused on the identification of factors secreted from Akt1-activated cells that have cardioprotective effects through autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. Methods and Results— Using an inducible Akt1 transgenic mouse model, we have found that follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1) protein and transcript expression are increased 4.0- and 2.0-fold, respectively, by Akt activation in the heart (P<0.05). Fstl1 transcript was also upregulated in response to myocardial stresses including transverse aortic constriction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and myocardial infarction. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Fstl1 protected cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis (P<0.01), and this protective effect was dependent on the upregulation of both Akt and ERK activities. Conversely, knockdown of Fstl1 in ca...
DYNAMICS, CONTROL AND RIDE QUALITY OF A MAGNETICALLY LEVITATED HIGH SPEED GROUND VEHICLE

MAGNETIC MEANS OF SUSPENDING VEHICLES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED FOR USE IN HIGH SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS. HOWEVER, THE MOTION OF SUCH SUSPENSION (LEVITATION) SYSTEMS USING MAGNETIC REPULSION FORCES WHEN THEY ARE PERTURBED FROM EQUILIBRIUM IS OSCILLATORY WITH A FREQUENCY OF THE ORDER OF 1 HZ AND A VERY LONG DAMPING TIME. ONE MEANS OF OBTAINING MORE DAMPING IS BY FEEDBACK CONTROL OF THE MAGNET CURRENTS. IN THIS PAPER, THE RIDE QUALITY RESULTING FROM ALTERNATIVE CONTROL STRATEGIES USING FEEDBACK PROPORTIONAL TO VEHICLE-TRACK CLEARANCE, VERTICAL VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION ARE CONSIDERED. IT IS FOUND THAT GOOD RIDE QUALITY CAN BE OBTAINED OVER A TRACK EQUIVALENT TO A MODERATELY GOOD HIGHWAY WITH A HIGH CLEARANCE MAGNETIC SUSPENSION. THE DYNAMICS OF A VEHICLE IN ALTERNATIVE GUIDEWAYS WHICH SUPPLY LATERAL GUIDANCE AS WELL AS LIFT FORCES ARE ANALYZED. IT IS SEEN THAT A GUIDEWAY CONFIGURATION WHICH PROVIDES ORTHOGONAL SURFACES FOR GUIDANCE AND LEVITATION FORCES LEADS TO INHERENTLY MORE STABLE VEHICLE MOTION AND ALLOWS THE USE OF SIMPLE INDEPENDENT CONTROL STRATEGIES ON ALL LIFT AND GUIDANCE MAGNETS. /AUTHOR/
When to Start Antiretroviral Therapy

The question of when to start combination antiretroviral therapy for treatment-naive patients has always been controversial. This is particularly true in the current era, with major guidelines recommending very different treatment strategies. Despite a lack of clarity regarding the optimal time to begin therapy, there has been a recent shift toward earlier initiation. This more aggressive approach is driven by several observations. First, effective viral suppression with therapy can prevent non-AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. Second, therapy can prevent irreversible harm to the human immune system. Third, therapy may prevent transmission of HIV to others, and thus have a potential public health benefit. For patients who are motivated and willing to initiate early treatment, the collective benefits of early therapy may outweigh the well-documented risks of antiretroviral medications.
Gas chromatographic analysis of toxaphene in natural waters, fish and lake sediments

Abstract In the course of studying the fate of the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide, toxaphene, applied to several Wisconsin lakes for rough fish control, special cleanup procedures were developed for water, suspended solids, net plankton, fish and sediment. Column chromatography on Florisil, magnesium oxide, alumina and acid-Celite, either alone or in combinations, was used to remove from sample extracts, substances which interfered with the electron capture gas chromatographic quantitation of toxaphene. The minimum detectable amount was 0.1 ng. The presence of toxaphene was verified by thin-layer chromatography. The types of interferences encountered and the procedures used to remove them are discussed in terms of ease of sample preparation and recovery efficiency.
Synthesis and evaluation of the first cis-cyclobutane-containing receptor for lipid A

The first example of a designed receptor containing a cis-1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane ring has been synthesized. This molecule binds diphosphoryl lipid A (a conserved portion of the Gram-(−) bacterial cell membrane, and the causative agent of septic shock) with an affinity comparable to previously described ter-cycloalkane based lipid A-binding compounds.
Evaluation of hybrid RANS/LES models for prediction of flow around surface combatant and Suboff geometries

Abstract Predictive capabilities of hybrid RANS/LES models are compared for single-phase flow over a surface combatant at Re = 5.3 × 106 and an appended DARPA Suboff model at Re = 1.2 × 107. The turbulence models used in the study are: k–ω shear stress transport (SST)-URANS; Spalart Allmaras based detached eddy simulation (SA-DDES); k–ω based improved delayed detached eddy simulation (KW-IDDES); and a dynamic hybrid RANS/LES (DHRL) model coupling SST and implicit LES. For the surface combatant case, both SA-DDES and KW-IDDES predicted 100% and 28%, respectively. Overall, the DHRL model performed best among the turbulence models tested, and KW-IDDES performed worst. The study indicates that the DHRL approach has the potential to provide accurate mean flow predictions while resolving small-scale turbulent structures. Results also highlight the importance of the wall function formulation for accurately resolving mean skin friction coefficient, especially over smooth regions of the hull.
HPV infection in men

While much is known about the natural history of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and its consequences, including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer, relatively little is known about the natural history of anogenital HPV infection and diseases in men. In part this reflects difficulties in penile sampling and visual assessment of penile lesions. Anal HPV infection and disease also remain poorly understood. Although HPV is transmitted sexually and infects the genitals of both sexes, the cervix remains biologically more vulnerable to malignant transformation than does the penis or anus in men. An understanding of male HPV infection is therefore important in terms of reducing transmission of HPV to women and improving women's health. However, it is also important due to the burden of disease in men, who may develop both penile and anal cancer, particularly among HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Improved sampling techniques of the male genitalia and cohort studies in progress should provide important information on the natural history of anogenital HPV infection and disease in men, including risk factors for HPV acquisition and transmission. The impact of HPV vaccination in women on male anogenital HPV infection will also need to be assessed.
Surface Structural Studies of Methanesulfonic Acid at Air /Aqueous Solution Interfaces Using Vibrational Sum Frequency Spectroscopy†

Atmospheric gas phase species such as methanesulfonic acid (MSA) are adsorbed and accommodated into atmospheric aqueous-phase aerosols, and in some cases MSA is thought to be produced via aerosol surface chemistry. The studies described herein probe the surface molecular structure of MSA at aqueous solution surfaces using surface vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy (VSFS). In the studies presented here, it is shown that MSA partitions to the surface and that the surface MSA has a preferred orientation in which the methyl group points away from the liquid surface. The surrounding surface water structure is significantly affected by the adsorption of MSA. Small amounts of MSA at the surface of water cause the water molecule vibrational stretching modes to shift to lower energies. This shift is indicative of stronger coupling between the water molecules caused by the presence of MSA. Additional VSF studies show that MSA is effectively displaced by sulfuric acid at an aqueous surface. The structural details presented here may have implications for understanding atmospheric aerosol growth properties.
Effect of selected lactic acid bacteria on growth of Staphylococcus aureus and production of enterotoxin.

Representative strains of 15 species of lactic acid bacteria were examined for their ability to influence growth of Staphylococcus aureus and production of enterotoxin in associative culture. Among the organisms used as effectors the streptococci were most inhibitory, followed by Pediococcus cerevisiae. The lactobacilli and Leuconostoc citrovorum were not inhibitory to growth and only slightly inhibitory to production of enterotoxin. Enterotoxin was detected in all cultures in which the population of S. aureus reached 8 × 107 per ml. At lower S. aureus populations no enterotoxin was detected after incubation for 48 h. Mechanisms of inhibition of growth and enterotoxin production by S. aureus strain 243 grown in association with Streptococcus lactis A64 or P. cerevisiae 10791 in APT broth were investigated. Competition for vital nutrients, especially niacin and biotin, and probably production of hydrogen peroxide contribute to inhibition. Production of lactic acid appears to inhibit growth of S. aureus in the early but not the late stages of incubation.
Remarks on robustness of nonlinear systems

We present a generalization of the gap metric framework for robustness analysis to nonlinear systems. Use is made of gain functions to measure the distance between systems and the magnitude of closed loop operators.
Reverse-Engineering Country Risk Ratings: Combinatorial Non-Recursive Model

The central objective of this paper is to develop a transparent, consistent, self-contained, and stable country risk rating model, closely approximating the country risk ratings provided by Standard and Poor's (S&P). The models should be non-recursive, i.e., they should not rely on the previous years' S&P ratings. The selected set of variables includes not only economic-financial but also political variables. We propose a new model based on the novel combinatorial-logical technique of Logical Analysis of Data (which derives a new rating system only from the qualitative information representing pairwise comparisons of country riskiness). The accuracy of the proposed model's predictions, measured by its correlation coefficients with the S&P ratings, and confirmed by k-folding cross-validation, exceeds 95%. The stability of the constructed non-recursive model is shown in three ways: by the correlation of the predictions with those of other agencies (Moody's and The Institutional Investor), by predicting 1999 ratings using the non-recursive model derived from the 1998 dataset applied to the 1999 data, and by successfully predicting the ratings of several previously non-rated countries. This study provides new insights on the importance of variables by supporting the necessity of including in the analysis, in addition to economic variables, also political variables (in particular 'political stability'), and by identifying 'financial depth and efficiency' as a new critical factor in assessing country risk.
Recent Literature on Lichens—189*

AGUIRRE-HUDSON, B., E. FARKAS & L. LOKOS. 2002. Pyrenolichens of the Hungarian lichen flora I: The genus Leptorhaphis Korber, pp. 3–18. 6 fig. In X. Llimona, H. T. Lumbsch & S. Ott (eds.), Progress and Problems in Lichenology at the Turn of the Millenium. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 82. J. Cramer, Berlin, Stuttgart. [Descriptions and a key are provided for six species.] AHTI, T., P. K. DIXIT, K. P. SINGH & G. P. SINHA. 2002. Cladonia singhii and other new reports of Cladonia from the Eastern Himalayan Region of India. Lichenologist 34: 305–310. 1 fig. [New: Cladonia singhii Ahti & Dixit sp. nov. (India). New to India: C. corniculata, C. kanewskii, C. laii, C. mauritiana, C. mongolica, C. rei.] ALEXEYEVA, N. M. 2002. Macrolichens of ‘‘Birch Islands’’ archipelago (Gulf of Finland, Leningrad Region), pp. 23–24. In Anon. (ed.), Boreal Lichen Flora. Biological Monitoring with Lichens (Program and abstracts of Third International Lichenological School and Symposium). Publishing House of Urals State University, Ekaterinburg. [Abstract. In Russian.] ALSTRUP, V. 2001. Epifytiske Mikrolaver. Gads Forlag, Kobenhavn. 208 pages. 317 color photos. [Descriptions and color photos of more than 300 epiphytic crustose lichens. My copy came with an additional 16 page separate with an added 94 color photos of the same taxa.] ALVAREZ, J., G. PAZ-BERMUDEZ & M. J. SANCHEZ-BIEZMA. 2001. Estudio quimiotaxonomico del genero Ramalina Ach. (Lecanorales, Ascomycotina) en Galicia (NW de Espana). Cryptogamie, Mycologie 22: 271–287. 2 tab. 18 maps. [Treatment of 9 species, including a key.] ANENKHONOV, O. A., I. HODALOVA, M. VALACHOVIC, V. MATISOVA, A. KUBINSKA & I. PISUT. 2001. List of vascular plants, lichens and mosses of the Gremjacaja Valley, Barguzinskij Range, East Siberia. Thaiszia—Journal of Botany 10: 151–163. 1 fig. [Includes 57 lichens, 59 mosses, and 256 vascular plants.] Anon. (ED.). 2002. Boreal Lichen Flora. Biological Monitoring with Lichens. Publishing House of Urals State University, Ekaterinburg. 70 pages. [‘‘Program and abstracts of third international lichenological school and symposium.’’] Anon. 2002. Kuriosa. Aktuelle Lichenologische Mitteilungen, NF 9: 6–7. 2 fig. [A note describing a salve made containing Cetraria islandica. ‘‘Islandisch Moos jetzt auch als Salbe bei chronischen Ekzemen.’’] ANTESBERGER, B. & R. TURK. 2002. Flechten als Zeigerorganismen in Kulturlandschaften—Die Stadt Salzburg under historischen und aktuellen Aspekten, pp. 129–131. In Osterreichisches Botanikertreffen. Bun-
Rapid allopatric speciation in logperch darters (Percidae: Percina).

Abstract Theory predicts that clades diversifying via sympatric speciation will exhibit high diversification rates. However, the expected rate of diversification in clades characterized by allopatric speciation is less clear. Previous studies have documented significantly higher speciation rates in freshwater fish clades diversifying via sympatric versus allopatric modes, leading to suggestions that the geographic pattern of speciation can be inferred solely from knowledge of the diversification rate. We tested this prediction using an example from darters, a clade of approximately 200 species of freshwater fishes endemic to eastern North America. A resolved phylogeny was generated using mitochondrial DNA gene sequences for logperches, a monophyletic group of darters composed of 10 recognized species. Divergence times among logperch species were estimated using a fossil calibrated molecular clock in centrarchid fishes, and diversification rates in logperches were estimated using several methods. Speciatio...
Alternating evolution discontinuous Galerkin methods for convection-diffusion equations

In this work, we propose a high order alternating evolution discontinuous Galerkin (AEDG) method to solve convection-diffusion equations. The difficulties related to numerical fluxes of DG methods for diffusion problems have been a major issue of investigation in the literature. The AEDG scheme presented here is based on an alternating evolution system for convection-diffusion equations, and therefore no numerical fluxes are needed in the scheme formulation. Moreover, the method is shown to be consistent, conservative and stable. Numerical experiments are provided to show the goodness of the proposed method.
Regulation of Ras Paralog Thermostability by Networks of Buried Ionizable Groups

Protein folding is governed by a variety of molecular forces including hydrophobic and ionic interactions. Less is known about the molecular determinants of protein stability. Here we used a recently developed computer algorithm (pHinder) to investigate the relationship between buried charge and thermostability. Our analysis revealed that charge networks in the protein core are generally smaller in thermophilic organisms as compared to mesophilic organisms. To experimentally test whether core network size influences protein thermostability, we purified 18 paralogous Ras superfamily GTPases from yeast and determined their melting temperatures (Tm, or temperature at which 50% of the protein is unfolded). This analysis revealed a wide range of Tm values (35-63 °C) that correlated significantly (R = 0.87) with core network size. These results suggest that thermostability depends in part on the arrangement of ionizable side chains within a protein core. An improved capacity to predict protein thermostability may be useful for selecting the best candidates for protein crystallography, the development of protein-based therapeutics, as well as for industrial enzyme applications.
Dynamic Participant Recruitment of Mobile Crowd Sensing for Heterogeneous Sensing Tasks

With the rapid increasing of smart mobile devices and the advances of sensing technologies, mobile crowd sensing (MCS) becomes a new popular sensing paradigm, which enables a variety of large-scale sensing applications. One of the key challenges of large-scale mobile crowd sensing systems is how to effectively select appropriate participants from a huge user pool to perform various sensing tasks while satisfying certain constraints. This becomes more complex when the sensing tasks are dynamic (coming in real time) and heterogeneous (having different temporal and spacial requirements). In this paper, we consider such a dynamic participant recruitment problem with heterogeneous sensing tasks which aims to minimize the sensing cost while maintaining certain level of probabilistic coverage. Both offline and online algorithms are proposed to solve the challenging problem. Extensive simulations over a real-life mobile dataset confirm the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Localization in trans,trans-[(tpy)(Cl)2OsIII(N2)OsII(Cl)2(tpy)]+ (tpy = 2,2‘:6‘,2‘‘-Terpyridine)

trans,trans-(tpy)(Cl)2OsII(N2)OsII(Cl)2(tpy) (2) has been prepared by reduction of trans-[OsVI(tpy)(Cl)2(N)]+ (1). The 1-electron oxidation of 2 gives trans,trans-[(tpy)(Cl)2OsIII(N2) OsII(Cl)2(tpy)]+ (3). OsIII−OsII/OsII−OsII and OsIII−OsIII/OsIII−OsII couples appear at +0.21 and +0.77 V vs SSCE in DMF 0.1 M in [N(n-Bu)4](PF6) (ΔE1/2 = 560 mV). An intense ν(N⋮N) stretch at 2012 cm-1 in 3 in CD3CN is consistent with the X-ray crystal structure (shown) in revealing localized OsIII and OsII oxidation states. This mixed-valence cation is at the transition between class II and II in the Robin−Day classification scheme.
Effects of fertilizer-induced reduction of invertebrates on reproductive success of Loggerhead Shrikes(Lanius ludovicianus)

We examined the effect of spraying the common fertilizer, sodium ammonium nitrate, on cattle pastures in central Florida. Shrikes are considered good indicators of habitat quality. Hence, eight pairs of shrikes whose territories were sprayed were considered as the treatment group, and four pairs in unsprayed territories as controls. The fertilizer was sprayed on 18 June 1992, when the resident shrikes were into their second and third nests, and within 24 h the dominant bahia grass and patches of blackberry bushes became chlorotic. The eight treatment pairs expanded their territories significantly by 138.5% on average, and the smaller their initial territory, the greater the change. The total number of insects collected in the sprayed pasture in the first three weeks was extremely low compared to the number in the unsprayed pasture. In the control pairs no loss of eggs, young, or adults owing to abiotic causes was observed. However, in the treatment pairs seven eggs, two nestlings, and eight fledglings disappeared, or died from causes attributed to the spraying. In addition, seven females and one male disappeared, and one territory was abandoned. Our observations suggest the need for additional studies to examine the effects of supposedly „environmentally friendly” fertilizers and show the value of monitoring breeding bird populations in agricultural systems.
1065 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CHRONIC HEREDITARY HYDRONEPHROSIS IN THE RAT

We have developed and reported on a colony of rats with congenital, unilateral (right sided) hydronephrosis. (Ped. Res., 11:550, 1977). The hydronephrotic kidneys (HNK) of these animals have decreased clearances of inulin and para-aminohippurate, renal blood flow and filtration fraction (ff), and increased fractional sodium and water excretion. Radiolabelled microspheres (S) were utilized to determine intrarenal blood flow distribution (ID). Ten animals with unilateral HNK and 5 controls were given intraaortic S injections. Clearance studies were similar to our previous report. ID are expressed as % of total renal blood flow for the outer (OC) and inner (IC) halves of the renal cortex adjusted for tissue weight. Control animals had an OC of 69.8 ± 2.1% for left kidneys and an OC of 70.4 ± 3.1% for right kidneys (p >.2). HNK animals had a right HNK OC of 76.9 ± 2.3% and a left non-HNK OC of 70.7 ± 2.7% (p <.025). This redistribution of renal cortical blood flow toward the OC may be responsible for the decrease in ff previously observed. The resulting diminution of peritubular oncotic pressure might contribute to the increased salt and water excretion from the obstructed kidney relative to its non-hydronephrotic mate.
Pedigree analysis. I. Dominance, recessiveness and sex-linkage.

Awareness of the characteristics of the classic patterns of inheritance is fundamental to proper interpretation of the mode of transmission of inherited disease. Idealized patterns are presented.
The institutional design of funding rules at international organizations: Explaining the transformation in financing the United Nations:

What explains the design and development of funding rules at international organizations? I investigate this question in the context of the United Nations system, which has undergone a dramatic shi...
Introduction to Borane Chemistry

The beautiful green flame of burning triethylborane (1) was first reported by Frankland and Duppa in 1860 [1–2]. Their “boric ethide” was prepared from diethylzinc and triethyl borate. After observing the spontaneous ignition of (1) in air, they tried pure oxygen and watched it explode.
Interim Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) As a Predictor of Survival in Hodgkin Lymphoma

Introduction: Patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) have excellent response to current chemotherapy, however, up to 20% may have relapsed/refractory disease. Lymphocytopenia at diagnosis has been found to be predictive of survival in patients with advanced stage HL. An ALC of Patients and Methods: We analyzed 183 patients with Classical Hodgkin lymphoma treated at our institution between 1996 and 2014 following IRB approval. Complete data was available for 115 patients. We evaluated the absolute lymphocyte count at diagnosis, interim staging (after 2 cycles, Ointerim ALCO), at time of completion of chemotherapy and at 6 weeks and 3 months post completion of chemotherapy. Patients were categorized into two groups based on ALC where lymphocytopenia was defined as an ALC of Results: The median age of patients was 31 years (yrs.) (range: 17-76 yrs.) and 53% of patients were male. 100% patients had an ECOG status of 0-1. 48% patients presented with B symptoms, 42% had advanced stage disease (Stage III and IV) and 22% had bulky disease (defined as a mass > 10 cm or mediastinal mass >1/3 of diameter of thorax at T5-T6). In terms of histology, 68% patients had classical nodular sclerosis HL, 19% syncytial variant of nodular sclerosis HL, 8% mixed cellularity HL and 5% Classical HL (NOS). 90% patients received ABVD as their initial chemotherapy, 2% received Stanford V and 1% received MOPP. The remaining patients were treated on a clinical trial. In the analysis of the 115 patients for whom the lymphocyte data was available, at a median follow up of 40 months, 57% in the ALC 1x103/µlgroup had not progressed. The median overall survival was not reached in the two groups. In the multivariate analysis, for PFS, interim ALC predicted survival independent of the interim staging response. The ALC at the time of interim staging scan (interim ALC) was associated with a significantly superior PFS in the group with ALC>1x103/µl(HR=4.16, 95% CI 2.37 to 7.28, P=0.024). There was no difference in overall survival between the groups (Fig. 1&2,P=0.28). For ALC at other time points, no statistically significant differences in PFS or OS were found in the two groups based on ALC at diagnosis, completion of therapy, six weeks and three months post therapy. Discussion: In summary, our results suggest that for patients across all stages and histopathologic subtypes of classical HL receiving first line chemotherapy, interim ALC >1x103/µl (after 2 cycles) is associated with a superior PFS as compared with ALC Disclosures Reddy:Gilead: Other: Speaker; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy; ImmunoGen: Consultancy; PCYC: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding.
Outcomes After Vena Cava Filter Use in Noncancer Patients With Acute Venous Thromboembolism: A Population-Based Study.

Background—Evidence that vena cava filters (VCFs) are beneficial is limited. Methods and Results—We retrospectively analyzed all noncancer patients admitted to nonfederal California hospitals for acute venous thromboembolism from 2005 to 2010. Analysis was stratified by the presence/absence of a contraindication to anticoagulation (active bleeding, major surgery). Outcomes were death within 30 or 90 days of admission and the 1-year incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism manifested as pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Propensity score methods were used to account for observed systematic differences in baseline characteristics between patients treated and those not treated with a VCF. Among 80 697 patients with no contraindication to anticoagulation, VCF use (n=7762, 9.6%) did not significantly reduce the 30-day risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98–1.28). Among 3017 patients with active bleeding, VCF use (n=1095, 36.3%) reduced the 30-day risk of death ...
Prediction equation for calculating residual kidney urea clearance using urine collections for different hemodialysis treatment frequencies and interdialytic intervals.

Author(s): Obi, Yoshitsugu; Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar; Streja, Elani; Daugirdas, John T | Abstract: BackgroundThe purpose of the study was to explore the precision of an equation designed to estimate residual kidney urea clearance (KRU) from interdialytic urine collection data and pre-hemodialysis (HD) serum urea nitrogen (SUN) in different hemodialysis treatment schedules.MethodsThe generalizability of the proposed equation was tested in 32 731 HD treatments where urine was collected prior to a dialysis session, mostly for 24 h but sometimes longer, in patients being dialyzed 1-4 times/week.ResultsThe residual kidney urea clearance estimating equation predicted a KRU that matched the one computed by formal modeling within 5% in g98% of sessions analyzed. The errors in estimated versus modeled KRU for interdialytic intervals (IDIs) of 2, 3, 4 and 7 days, were 1.6 ± 1.5%, -0.4 ± 1.6%, 0.9 ± 1.6%, and 1.5 ± 1.2%, respectively. Percent errors were similar for schedules of 1-4/week with the exception of urine collection during the 2-day interval of a 2:5-day twice-weekly schedule; here error averaged 5.0 ± 1.2%. Use of the average of the SUN values at the start and end of the collection period overestimated modeled KRU by 11.3 ± 4.5%, whereas an equation suggested by others underestimated modeled KRU by -9.9 ± 3.4%.ConclusionsThe equation tested predicts values for KRU that are similar to those obtained from formal urea kinetic modeling, with percent errors that only rarely exceed 5%. It gives relatively precise results for a wide range of HD treatment schedules, IDIs and urine collection periods.Keywordschronic hemodialysis, clearance, guidelines, hemodialysis, predialysis.
Planned nerve preservation modifications to reduce positive surgical margins during robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy

15599 Background: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RLRP) is increasingly being utilized for the treatment of localized prostate cancer at many centers. The main objective of RLRP is cancer control and preservation of erectile function with reduced positive surgical margin (PSM) rates. We evaluated the effect of a side-specific nerve preservation (NP)protocol which was implemented in June 2006 to help further reduce PSM rates. Methods: Between June-November 2006, 150 consecutive RLRPs were performed using select ipsilateral, NP techniques (interfascial, extrafascial and wide resection) based on pre-operative risk factors (clinical stage, biopsy Gleason score (GS), percentage of core number positive and maximal core cancer percentage). Prior to June 2006, only interfascial and wide resection were performed. The NP protocol, included ipsilateral extrafascial dissection in all patients with GS=7 with non-palpable disease. All patients with GS≤6, non-palpable disease and whose biopsy pathol...
The Orthodox Church in revolutionary Cheliabinsk: reform, counter-reform, and popular revolution in 1917

ABSTRACTIn 1917 the Cheliabinsk Vicariate, like the Church in most areas in the Russian empire, declined to support the autocracy, welcomed the February Revolution, endorsed the Provisional Government, and envisioned a broad set of reforms that even included a greater role for the laity in Church governance. The key agent for reform in Cheliabinsk – as in other dioceses – was the Assembly of Clergy and Laity, the focus of this study. Although the Assembly did adopt a radical and ostensibly popular social and administrative program, the vicariate encountered growing lay disenchantment – because of its support for an unpopular war, because of a caveat deferring social reform, but also because of the Church’s reluctance to give parishioners full power over the parish. The intensifying crises of 1917 heightened expectations for reform, and the disintegration of authority in Cheliabinsk and within the Church itself widened the chasm between the Church and parishioners. In response, diocesan authorities support...
Ready, Set, GOOGLE!

This is the true story, of two teams, picked to launch a new communication & collaboration platform, work together, and have their lives taped (a few select moments, anyway). Find out what happens, when people stop using GroupWise, and start getting G Suite? The Real Google! While members of the Muhlenberg College Infrastructure & Networking team toiled away migrating GroupWise to Google in mere months, Client Support Services and Instructional Technology & Digital Learning joined forces to educate and support the community during this large scale change.This presentation walks through the highlights of developing a communication and training plan in record time with good old-fashioned teamwork, dedication, creativity and fun.Highlights include: Create a complete training schedule in one hour using 5 brains and whiteboard painted walls.How to exploit the creativity of select team members (make that one) and BRAND, BRAND, BRAND!Scripts' Overrated. You want authenticity? Plan, schedule and shoot promos in 30 minutes or less.How do we get them to listen? Ways to engage your community. Buttons and badges and prizes, oh my!Retaining your audience post launch. The support never ends.We do not recommend trying this at home without a sense of humor and a solid team.
A New Species of Carineta Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae) from Martinique

Abstract. A new Caribbean cicada Carineta acclivis Sanborn, new species is described and illustrated. This is the second species of Carineta Amyot & Audinet-Serville, 1843 described from Martinique and the Lesser Antilles. Carineta martiniquensis Davis, 1934 is illustrated and distinguished from the new species. The adults of both cicada species on Martinique are active in forest habitats and have extended emergence periods during the year but appear to be separated by an altitudinal gradient.
WAVE PROPAGATION IN A RANDOM MEDIUM WITH PARABOLIC BACKGROUND.

Wave propagation in random plasma medium with inhomogeneous parabolic electron density profile background for ionospheric propagation applications