cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estrogen Induction of Plasma Vitellogenin in the Cockerel: Studies with a Phosvitin Antibody

The effects of estrogen on plasma vitellogenin have been studied in the cockerel by immunoprecipitation techniques using an antiserum prepared against the egg yolk phosphoprotein, phosvitin. The antiserum gave precipitin lines of complete identity to phosvitin and to vitellogenin which was isolated from hen plasma by DEAEcellulose chromatography and by affinity chromatography using anti-phosvitin coupled to Sepharose 4B. The cross-reactivity of vitellogenin and phosvitin adds support to the concept that plasma vitellogenin is the precursor phosphoprotein of egg yolk phosvitin. In the three-week old cockerel, antiphosvitin produced no detectable immunoprecipitate in the plasma. However, after a single sc injection of diethylstilbestrol (2.5 mg), plasma vitellogenin levels began to increase at 4 h and reached a maximum 20–30 h after hormone administration. The increase in plasma levels of triglyceride paralleled those of vitellogenin. These studies suggest that there is no significant time lag in the estrog...
Dispossession, Class Formation, and the Political Imaginary of Colombia's Coffee Producers over the Longue Duree: Beyond the Polanyian Analytic

For more than a decade, social scientists have been analyzing the implications of the neoliberalturn in development policy and the implications of market-led agrarian reform for agriculturalproducers in the global South. Among this work is a spate of recent scholarship celebrating anumber of flagship movements, such as the Zapatistas in Mexico or the landless movement inBrazil, which are interpreted as efforts by rural communities to resist the threat posed by thecommodification of livelihoods and the privatization of natural resources. In this article, we aimto problematize what we diagnose as the Polanyian analytic underlying accounts of thecurrent conjuncture which emphasize the imminent potential of neoliberalism to spawnprotective counter-movements of the sort described in The Great Transformation. We do sothrough an analysis of the Unidad Cafetero Nacional (UCN) movement, an organization ofColombian coffee farmers that effectively mobilized large numbers of cafeteros in the 1990s toprotest the liberalization of the global coffee market and the decline of state support for thedomestic coffee sector. While the UCN may be read as a struggle to resist the dispossession ofColombian coffee farmers, we argue that it represented a particular segment of rural producerswho wanted, first and foremost, a restoration of their relatively privileged status within thepolitical economy of Colombian agriculture. Our interpretation of the UCN suggests thatwhether movements emerge in response to neoliberalism depends on the political imaginaries ofthe social actors who would create them, and further, that these imaginaries are producedthrough processes of class formation over the longue duree that shape the meaning ofdispossession in particular contexts.
Optimizing frequency compensation in chopper offset-stabilized amplifiers with symmetrical RC notch filters

The paper presents three approaches for frequency compensation in chopper offset-stabilized amplifiers with symmetrical passive RC notch filter with two cutoff frequencies. The filter has two cutoff frequencies: the chopping frequency itself and the fifth harmonic of the chopping frequency. The frequency compensation network is connected either at the input of the notch filter, or at its output, or between its two sections. The large signal transient response is evaluated in terms of the overshoot/undershoot and the settling time. Three circuits using these techniques were fabricated and evaluated. The approach that uses the frequency compensation network connected between the sections of the filter has the best results, except for the chopping ripple rejection.
A Nanotechnology-Based Platform for Extending the Pharmacokinetic and Binding Properties of Anti-methamphetamine Antibody Fragments

To address the need for effective medications to aid in the treatment of methamphetamine (METH) abuse, we used a nanotechnology approach to customize the in vivo behavior of an anti-METH single chain antibody (scFv7F9Cys). Anti-METH scFv7F9Cys was conjugated to dendrimer nanoparticles via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker to generate high-order conjugates termed dendribodies. We found that the high affinity (KD = 6.2 nM) and specificity for METH was unchanged after nanoparticle conjugation. The dendribodies were administered in an i.v. bolus to male Sprague Dawley rats after starting a s.c. infusion of METH. The PCKN values for clearance and volume of distribution of scFv7F9Cys after conjugation to dendrimers decreased 45 and 1.6-fold respectively, and the terminal elimination half-life increased 20-fold. Organ distribution of scFv7F9Cys and dendribody in blood and urine agreed well with the PCKN data. Renal clearance appeared to be the major route of elimination for both experimental medications. We have thus successfully developed a novel multivalent METH-binding nanomedicine by conjugating multiple anti-METH scFvs to dendrimer nanoparticles, extending the scFv half-life from 1.3 (± 0.3) to 26 (± 2.6) hr. These data suggest that the dendribody design could be a feasible platform for generating multivalent antibodies with customizable PCKN profiles.
The pineal does not concentrate arginine vasotocin from biological fluids in vivo.

The ability of the pineal gland to concentrate circulating arginine vasotocin (AVT) from biological fluids in vivo was examined in rats. Intraventricular and intracisternal injections of AVT failed to elevate net pineal AVT content, even though CSE AVT levels were greatly increased by these treatments. Intravenous injection of AVT did elicit a slight increase in pineal AVT, but plasma peptide levels were elevated enormously. Thus, it seems unlikely that an active uptake process for AVT functions in this gland.
Abstract 62: Cardiac Troponin T Isoform Switching in Early Childhood Tropomyosin-linked Dilated Cardiomyopathy

An oft-noted component of sarcomeric DCM is the observation that patients within families carrying the same primary mutation exhibit significant phenotypic variability. This lack of a distinct link between genotype and phenotype has complicated clinical management. In a recent study of two unrelated multigenerational families with the tropomyosin (Tm) mutation Asp230Asn (D230N), a striking “bimodal” distribution of severity was observed. In these families, many children (<1 year) with the mutation presented with a severe form of DCM that led to sudden, often fatal CHF while adults developed a mild to moderate DCM in mid-life. Of note, children who survived the initial presentation often recovered significant systolic function into young adulthood. A potential hypothesis to explain this improvement despite the continued presence of the mutant Tm, is that the phenotype is modified by other thin filament isoforms. Thus we propose that the age-dependent remodeling seen in children with D230N Tm is a result of...
Histologic pathology of the liver in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis

SummaryThis work details the histologic findings in 84 liver biopsy specimens from 28 patients with progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC), who met the clinical criteria of early onset of chronic unremitting cholestasis, exclusion of any known metabolic or anatomic etiology, and low se
Law and Globalization from Below: Campaigning for life: building a new transnational solidarity in the face of HIV/AIDS and TRIPS

In a dramatic display of political astuteness, six hundred volunteers under the banner of the Treatment Action Campaign, a non-government organization dedicated to ensuring access to treatment for the millions of South Africans infected with HIV/AIDS, commemorated human rights day in South Africa in 2003 by marching on the same police station at Sharpeville where anti-apartheid protestors had been gunned down on March 21, 1960. Symbolizing the number of South Africans dying each day from HIV/AIDS-related illnesses, the demonstrators demanded that the government immediately agree to establish an antiretroviral treatment program in the public health sector. At the same time, fellow TAC protestors in Durban and Cape Town highlighted the urgency of their demands by laying formal charges of culpable homicide against the Minister of Health as well as the Minister of Trade and Industry whom they accused of negligently failing to act and thus of causing the deaths of thousands of AIDS sufferers. This campaign reflects a situation in marked contrast to the day nearly a decade before in May 1994, when Nelson Mandela, in his first official exercise of power as President of South Africa, announced that free health services must be provided to all children under the age of six and to pregnant women. Yet, unlike the over forty-year struggle against apartheid, within a year the government had conceded that the public sector must provide treatment and was instead embroiled in a debate over the pace of implementation of the promised program. While it is
Nuclear power debate and public opinion in Belarus: From Chernobyl to Ostrovets:

The Belarusian government's decision of the last decade to build a nuclear power plant near the city of Ostrovets, in northern Belarus, has proven to be controversial, resulting in a great deal of debate about nuclear energy in the country. The debate was inevitably shaped by the traumatic event that affected Belarus - the Chernobyl nuclear accident of 1986. The Belarusian authorities have consistently promoted a positive view of nuclear energy to the population in order to overcome the so-called 'Chernobyl syndrome' and deliberately shaped nuclear risk communication. As a result, the issue of trust remains crucial in all nuclear debates in Belarus.
Priming Effects on Affective Preference for Healthy Products Over Unhealthy Products Upon Brand Exposure

Social marketing is often used to guide and develop interventions designed to promote healthy eating. This study investigates the potential use of priming by social marketers to intervene in marketers’ promotional efforts (brand exposure) and enhance affective preference toward healthy products over unhealthy products. More specifically, we study whether (1) consumers’ need-for-cognition (NFC) and cognitive load moderate and whether (2) familiarity response time and familiarity mediate the effect of primes on affective preference. Our study shows the expected effect of primes on affective preference among high (low) NFC consumers under high (low) cognitive load. Among high NFC consumers under high cognitive load, the familiarity response time mediated the effect of primes on affective preference. We discuss theoretical and managerial implications as well as directions for future research.
Self-Presentational Processes in Exercise and Sport

This article examines the effects of self-presentational processes on four aspects of sport and exercise: the motivation to engage in physical activity, people's choices of physical activities and the contexts in which they engage in these activities, the quality of athletic performance, and people's emotional reactions to engaging in sport and exercise.
Conceptions: the conceptual document 1968 to 1972. A Norwich Gallery touring exhibition

Conceptual art is not, and was not, a ‘movement’, but more a broad area of activity which privileges the idea over the material and the sensory. The ideas, process or activities of artists were documented in the form of text, photography, sound recordings, film, written or typed instructions and publishing.
Does Early Portal Bacteremia/Endotoxemia Prime for Postinjury Multiple Organ Failure?

There is an emerging consensus that gut-derived bacteria and endotoxin are prime etiologic factors in the genesis of postinjury multiple organ failure (MOF) [1–3]. Central to this evolving concept has been the documentation of bacterial translocation in animals subjected to a variety of noxious insults [2]. Although bacterial translocation has been consistently demonstrated in these experimental models, its occurrence in man is uncertain and its precise role and specific mechanisms of initiating distant organ dysfunction remain to be established [3]. Portal bacteremic or endotoxemic activation or priming of Kupffer cells is one plausible link [4–7]. In this study, we examined the gut-portal vein-liver axis during the early postinjury period to determine if gut-derived bacteria, endotoxin, or cytokines appear in the portal vein and if their presence correlates with the development of MOF.
Expansion of Autonomous Microgrids in Active Distribution Networks

This paper presents an approach to transform the active distribution network with distributed energy resources into multiple autonomous microgrids. The distribution network consists of several generation resources and demand entities, that are clustered into autonomous microgrids. The proposed problem is formulated as a bi-level optimization problem that leverages the Eigen decomposition in the graph spectra of the distribution network to determine the boundaries for microgrids and a mixed-integer programming problem that minimizes the expansion cost within microgrids. The presented approach is evaluated in a case study for a distribution network considering the imposed reliability constraints. The outcomes indicate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm to determine the expansion strategies to form autonomous microgrids in active distribution networks.
Abnormal EEG Responses to TMS During the Cortical Silent Period Are Associated With Hand Function in Chronic Stroke.

Background. Abnormal brain excitability influences recovery after stroke at which time a prolonged transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)–induced electromyographic silent period is thought to refl...
Decision-Making in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (P1.224)

OBJECTIVE: To examine decision-making in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and relate performance to structural disease. BACKGROUND: Despite increased recognition of cognitive dysfunction in ALS, few studies have examined decision-making in this population. We investigated decision-making using tasks derived from the neuroeconomic literature that minimize executive-resource demands. These tasks require participants to make hypothetical choices between small, certain rewards versus larger, uncertain rewards (Risk Tolerance Task-RTT), or between small, immediate rewards versus larger, delayed rewards (Delay Discounting Task-DDT). METHODS: 21 ALS patients and 16 controls were assessed using the RTT and DDT. In the RTT, patients were asked to make hypothetical choices between a smaller reward available with certainty (e.g., 100[percnt] chance of $20) and a larger probabilistic reward (e.g., 50[percnt] chance of $40). In the DDT, participants were asked to make hypothetical choices between small rewards available immediately and larger rewards available after a delay (e.g., “would you prefer $15 today or $30 in 60 days?”). Risk tolerance and temporal discount rates were estimated and related to gray matter (GM) atrophy and reduced white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy (FA) in a subset of patients. RESULTS: ALS patients exhibited higher risk tolerance in the RTT compared to controls (p<.05). Temporal discount rates in the DDT did not differ between groups. Risk tolerance on the RTT in ALS was related to GM atrophy in anterior cingulate and ventromedial, ventrolateral and inferior prefrontal regions, and to reduced FA in uncinate, inferior frontal-occipital and inferior-longitudinal fasciculi and anterior thalamic radiations. CONCLUSION: ALS patients exhibited increased tolerance for risk compared to controls, suggesting that decision-making should be monitored in ALS. These findings are consistent with functional neuroimaging literature relating decisions under risk and uncertainty to a fronto-striatal network. Supported by: NIH AG046499, AG032953, AG017586, AG038490, NS044266, NS053488, AG043503, DA029149, ALS Association, Wyncote Foundation Disclosure: Dr. Rascovsky has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kable has nothing to disclose. Dr. Moran has nothing to disclose. Dr. Olm has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kazinka has nothing to disclose. Dr. McCluskey has nothing to disclose. Dr. Elman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Boller has nothing to disclose. Dr. Clark has nothing to disclose. Dr. McMillan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Grossman has nothing to disclose.
A New Balance Between IP and Antitrust

In this article, I introduce the interaction between intellectual property (IP) and antitrust law. I describe the ways in which these two important areas of government regulation are and are not in tension, and discuss the history of the relationship between these laws. I argue that IP and antitrust have cycled between over- and under-protection, and that we are currently (and mistakenly) conditioned to think of private property and private ordering as efficient in and of themselves, rather than as efficient only in the context of robust market competition. Further, I argue that antitrust can serve the goals of innovation and dynamic efficiency directly in circumstances in which competition, not monopoly, serves as a spur to innovation. The goal of the IP and antitrust laws should be to seek a robust balance between competition and monopoly in the service of dynamic efficiency. When IP laws are strong, antitrust laws should also be strong, and vice versa.
The Sample Average Treatment Effect

In cluster randomized trials (CRTs), the study units usually are not a simple random sample from some clearly defined target population. Instead, the target population tends to be hypothetical or ill-defined, and the selection of study units tends to be systematic, driven by logistical and practical considerations. As a result, the population average treatment effect (PATE) may be neither well defined nor easily interpretable. In contrast, the sample average treatment effect (SATE) is the mean difference in the counterfactual outcomes for the study units. The sample parameter is easily interpretable and arguably the most relevant when the study units are not sampled from some specific super-population of interest. Furthermore, in most settings the sample parameter will be estimated more efficiently than the population parameter.
Affect, cruelty, and the engagement of visual intimacy

Battle not with monsters, lest ye become a monster, and if you gaze into the abyss, the abyss gazes also into you.—Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil: On the Genealogy of Morality (1886)In t...
The fanfiction reader: folk tales for the digital age

Styled as a collection of stories, like The Canterbury Tales, The Fanfiction Reader: Folk Tales for the Digital Age by Francesca Coppa traces a genealogy of fanfiction writers, stories, and scholar...
Star formation from dense shocked regions in supersonic isothermal magnetoturbulence

Supersonic isothermal turbulence establishes a network of transient dense shocks that sweep up material and have a density profile described by balance between ram pressure of the background fluid versus the magnetic and gas pressure gradient behind the shock. These rare, densest regions of a turbulent environment can become Jeans unstable and collapse to form pre-stellar cores. Using numerical simulations of magneto-gravo-turbulence, we describe the structural properties of dense shocks, which are the seeds of gravitational collapse, as a function of magnetic field strength. In the regime of a weak magnetic field, the collapse is isotropic. Strong magnetic field strengths lead to significant anisotropy in the shocked distribution and collapse occurs preferentially parallel to the field lines. Our work provides insight into analyzing the magnetic field topology and density structures of young protostellar collapse, which the theory presented here predicts are associated with large-scale strong shocks that persist for at least a free-fall time.
Semiotics and Title Sequences: Text-Image Composites in Motion Graphics

Title sequences are the most obvious place where photography and typography combine on-screen, yet they are also a commonly neglected part of film studies. Semiotics and Title Sequences presents the first theoretical model and historical consideration of how text and image combine to create meaning in title sequences for film and television, before extending its analysis to include subtitles, intertitles, and the narrative role for typography. Detailed close readings of classic films starting with The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari, and including To Kill A Mockingbird, Dr. Strangelove, and The Good, the Bad and the Ugly, along with designs from television programs such as Magnum P.I., Castle, and Vikings present a critical assessment of title sequences as both an independent art form and an introduction to the film that follows.
Prediction of Forelimb EMGs and Movement Phases from Corticospinal Signals in the Rat During the Reach-to-Pull Task.

Brain-computer interfaces access the volitional command signals from various brain areas in order to substitute for the motor functions lost due to spinal cord injury or disease. As the final common pathway of the central nervous system (CNS) outputs, the descending tracts of the spinal cord offer an alternative site to extract movement-related command signals. Using flexible 2D microelectrode arrays, we have recorded the corticospinal tract (CST) signals in rats during a reach-to-pull task. The CST activity was then classified by the forelimb movement phases into two or three classes in a training dataset and cross validated in a test set. The average classification accuracies were 8 0 ± 1 0 % (min: 6 2 % to max: 9 7 % ) and 5 5 ± 8 % (min: 43% to max: 71%) for two-class and three-class cases, respectively. The forelimb flexor and extensor EMG envelopes were also predicted from the CST signals using linear regression. The average correlation coefficient between the actual and predicted EMG signals was 0 . 5 ± 0 . 1 3 ( n = 1 2 4 ) , whereas the highest correlation was 0.81 for the biceps EMG. Although the forelimb motor function cannot be explained completely by the CST activity alone, the success rates obtained in reconstructing the EMG signals support the feasibility of a spinal-cord-computer interface as a concept.
Music-based emotion regulation and healthy and unhealthy music use predict coping strategies in adults with substance use disorder: A cross-sectional study:

While many people use music for emotion regulation, there is a dearth of empirical inquiry investigating if music-based self-regulatory factors correlate with and predict coping in adults with subs...
Biomarkers panels can predict fatigue, depression and pain in persons living with HIV: A pilot study.

Abstract Background Persons living with HIV experience high symptom burden that can negatively impact medication adherence, work productivity, and quality of life. Symptoms are highly subjective, which can lead to under- or improper treatment. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine relationships between circulating biomarkers representative of inflammatory, coagulation, and vascular function pathways and prevalent HIV symptoms. Setting and Sample. Adults >18 years who were diagnosed with HIV and spoke English for this cross-sectional study were recruited from community clinics and organizations. Methods Symptom burden was measured with the HIV Symptom Index; depression with the Patient Health Questionnaire. Human multiplex kits were used to determine serum concentrations of select biomarkers representing inflammatory, coagulation, and vascular function pathways. The biomarkers were included as features in machine learning models to determine which biomarkers predicted the most prevalent HIV symptoms (fatigue and muscle/joint pain) and the symptom of depression. Results Participants (N = 32) were representative of the local population of people with HIV, being mostly Black (54.4%) and male (60.6%). Depression was predicted by age, gender, glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and inflammation. Muscle/joint pain was predicted by adiponectin, C-reactive protein, and serum amyloid A (SAA). Fatigue was predicted by adiponectin, SAA, and soluble interleukin-1 receptor type II (sIL-1RII). Conclusion Biomarker clusters can be a tool to monitor symptoms. Adding an objective measure to subjective patient experiences could improve management and monitoring of symptoms. Defining a biomarker cluster for the objective assessment of HIV symptoms warrants further investigation; however, the presence of comorbid conditions needs to be controlled.
A review of geometric sensitivities in laser metal 3D printing

This paper examines the relationships in laser metal additive manufacturing between part geometry and as-built part quality, including residual stresses, deformations, process induced porosity, sur...
Temporally anchored spatial knowledge: Corpora and experiments

This article presents a two-step methodology to annotate temporally anchored spatial knowledge on top of OntoNotes. We first generate potential knowledge using semantic roles or syntactic dependencies and then crowdsource annotations to validate the potential knowledge. The resulting annotations indicate how long entities are or are not located somewhere and temporally anchor this spatial information. We present an in-depth corpus analysis comparing the spatial knowledge generated by manipulating roles or dependencies. Experiments show that working with syntactic dependencies instead of semantic roles allows us to generate more potential entity-related spatial knowledge and obtain better results in a realistic scenario, that is, with predicted linguistic information.
Bibliography of Works by John Wolfe Dardess

Conquerors and Confucians: Aspects of Political Change in Late Yuan China, Studies in Oriental Culture. New York: Columbia University Press, 1973.Confucianism and Autocracy: Professional Elites in ...
Clinically Important Differences for Mobility Measures Derived from the Testosterone Trials

Background/objectives Accurate estimates of clinically important difference (CID) are required for interpreting the clinical importance of treatments to improve physical function, but CID estimates vary in different disease populations. We determined the CID for two common measures of walking ability in mobility-limited older men. Design Longitudinal, multisite placebo-controlled trial. Setting/participants Men enrolled in the Testosterone Trials who had self-reported mobility limitation and gait speed less than 1.2 m/second (n = 429). Testosterone- and placebo-allocated participants were combined for this study. Results Mean changes from baseline, adjusting for time-in-intervention and site, were 29.6, 13.2, 12.5, -2.4, and -32.6 m for 6MWD, and 15.4, 7.2, 2.1, -3.4, and -7.2 for PF10 in men who reported their mobility was "very/much better," "little better," "no change," "little worse," or "much worse," respectively. CID estimates using regression, ROC, and eCDF varied from 5.0-29.6 m for 6MWD, and 5.0-15.2 points for PF10. Conclusion CID estimates vary by the population studied and by the method and precision of measurement. Increases of 16 to 30 m for 6MWD and 5 to 15 points for PF10 over 12 months appear to be clinically meaningful in mobility-limited, older hypogonadal men. These CID estimates may be useful in the design of efficacy trials of therapies to improve physical function.
Examining the Social Safety Net Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, TANF and SNAP cases together have increased by 3.5 million between March and June 2020, their largest quarterly increase ever. This paper presents statistics on the growth of TANF and SNAP caseloads from twenty-four state agencies during the initial ve months of the COVID-19 crisis. I nd that TANF and SNAP caseloads have risen by eleven and seventeen percent in response to the pandemic thus far. For every 10,000 people, the average state gained 4 TANF cases to an existing 35 cases and 109 cases to an existing 647 SNAP cases. I nd that each percentage point increase in state unemployment rates is associated with a 1.1 percent increase in TANF cases and a 1.4 percent increase in SNAP cases. A similar county-level analysis suggests the TANF caseload response is double the state-level estimate and the SNAP response is lightly lower.
Phosphorylation of Microglial IRF5 and IRF4 by IRAK4 Regulates Inflammatory Responses to Ischemia.

Background: Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) 5 and 4 play a determinant role in regulating microglial pro- and anti-inflammatory responses to cerebral ischemia. How microglial IRF5 and IRF4 signaling are activated has been elusive. We hypothesized that interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) phosphorylates and activates IRF5 and IRF4 in ischemic microglia. We aimed to explore the upstream signals of the two IRFs, and to determine how the IRAK4-IRF signaling regulates the expression of inflammatory mediators, and impacts neuropathology. Methods: Spontaneously Immortalized Murine (SIM)-A9 microglial cell line, primary microglia and neurons from C57BL/6 WT mice were cultured and exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), followed by stimulation with LPS or IL-4. An IRAK4 inhibitor (ND2158) was used to examine IRAK4′s effects on the phosphorylation of IRF5/IRF4 and the impacts on neuronal morphology by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP)/Western blot, ELISA, and immunofluorescence assays. Results: We confirmed that IRAK4 formed a Myddosome with MyD88/IRF5/IRF4, and phosphorylated both IRFs, which subsequently translocated into the nucleus. Inhibition of IRAK4 phosphorylation quenched microglial pro-inflammatory response primarily, and increased neuronal viability and neurite lengths after ischemia. Conclusions: IRAK4 signaling is critical for microglial inflammatory responses and a potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory diseases including cerebral ischemia.
A systematic review of adults' sitting balance assessments in neurological and neuromuscular conditions.

To the Editor We have read with interest the article entitled “A systematic review of adults’ sitting balance assessments in neurological and neuromuscular condition” by Alammar & Alammar published in the Neurosciences journal.[1][1] The study discusses new assessment tools to evaluate
Impacts of random filling on spin squeezing via Rydberg dressing in optical clocks

We analyze spin squeezing via Rydberg dressing in optical lattice clocks with random fractional filling. We compare the achievable clock stability in different lattice geometries, including unity-filled tweezer clock arrays and fractionally filled lattice clocks with varying dimensionality. We provide practical considerations and useful tools in the form of approximate analytical expressions and fitting functions to aid in the experimental implementation of Rydberg-dressed spin squeezing. We demonstrate that spin squeezing via Rydberg dressing in one-, two-, and three-dimensional optical lattices can provide significant improvements in stability in the presence of random fractional filling.
Breakup of B 8 and the S 17 astrophysical factor reexamined

Existing experimental data for the breakup of $^{8}\mathrm{B}$ at energies from 30 to $1000\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{MeV}∕\text{nucleon}$ on light through heavy targets are analyzed in detail in terms of an extended Glauber model. The predictions of the model are in excellent agreement with independent reaction data (reaction cross sections and parallel momentum distributions for corelike fragments). Final-state interactions have been included in the Coulomb dissociation component. We extract asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANC) from which the astrophysical factor ${S}_{17}(0)$ for the key reaction for solar neutrino production, $^{7}\mathrm{Be}(p,\ensuremath{\gamma})^{8}\mathrm{B}$, can be evaluated. Glauber model calculations using different effective interactions give consistent, though slightly different results. The differences give a measure of the precision one can expect from the method. The unweighted average of all ANCs extracted leads to ${S}_{17}(0)=18.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{eV}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{b}$. The results of this new analysis are compared with the earlier one. They are consistent with the values from most direct measurements and other indirect methods.
Aging in Community Mechanism: Transforming Communities to Achieving Person–Environment Fit Across Time

Aging-in-Community (AIC) has been the preferred way to aging. However, there is a mismatch between the communities' design and the needs of older adults. With the rapidly growing aging population g...
Nitrogen Fixation at Early Mars.

The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) recently discovered nitrates in Gale Crater (e.g., Stern et al., 2015; Sutter et al., 2017). One possible mechanism for ancient nitrate deposition on Mars is throu...
Reconstructing mutational lineages in breast cancer by multi-patient-targeted single cell DNA sequencing

Single cell DNA sequencing (scDNA-seq) methods are powerful tools for profiling mutations in cancer cells, however most genomic regions characterized in single cells are non-informative. To overcome this issue, we developed a Multi-Patient-Targeted (MPT) scDNA-seq sequencing method. MPT involves first performing bulk exome sequencing across a cohort of cancer patients to identify somatic mutations, which are then pooled together to develop a single custom targeted panel for high-throughput scDNA-seq using a microfluidics platform. We applied MPT to profile 330 mutations across 23,500 cells from 5 TNBC patients, which showed that 3 tumors were monoclonal and 2 tumors were polyclonal. From this data, we reconstructed mutational lineages and identified early mutational and copy number events, including early TP53 mutations that occurred in all five patients. Collectively, our data suggests that MPT can overcome technical obstacles for studying tumor evolution using scDNA-seq by profiling information-rich mutation sites.
Sharp Fractional Hardy Inequalities in Half-Spaces

We determine the sharp constant in the Hardy inequality for fractional Sobolev spaces on half-spaces. Our proof relies on a nonlinear and nonlocal version of the ground state representation.
Interfacial Dirac cones from alternating topological invariant superlattice structures of Bi2Se3.

When the three-dimensional topological insulators ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ have an interface with vacuum, i.e., a surface, they show remarkable features such as topologically protected and spin-momentum locked surface states. However, for practical applications, one often requires multiple interfaces or channels rather than a single surface. Here, for the first time, we show that an interfacial and ideal Dirac cone is realized by alternating band and topological insulators. The multichannel Dirac fermions from the superlattice structures open a new way for applications such as thermoelectric and spintronics devices. Indeed, utilizing the interfacial Dirac fermions, we also demonstrate the possible power factor improvement for thermoelectric applications.
Application of disjunctive programming to the linear complementarity problem

In this article we address the question of developing deep cuts for disjunctive programs using rectilinear distance measures. The method is applied to linear complementarity problems where the matrix M need not be copositive plus. Some modifications that are needed as a computational expediency are discussed. The computation results for matrix M of size up to 30 × 30 are discussed.
Physical Conditioning of Children

Exercise-induced changes in muscular and cardiovascular function in pre- and postpubescent children are explained in terms of a "Trigger Hypothesis." This hypothesis predicts that, prepubertally, there will be only small training-induced biological alterations because of the lack of hormonal control. It is suggested, therefore, that emphasis be placed on skill acquisition rather than physiological conditioning during prepuberty. Postpubertal exercise-induced changes are well documented and follow predictable patterns. The principles that govern physiological adaptations to exercise are discussed in terms of energy transfer and the factors that affect training. Duration, intensity, and frequency of performance are detailed. It is recommended that emphasis be placed on these factors when designing a physiologically sound physical training program.
Prevention of malaria in children.

Malaria is caused by infection with 1 or more of 4 Plasmodium species Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium malariae Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium vivax which are transmitted to humans via the bites of female Anopheles mosquitoes. An estimated 200-500 million cases of malaria occur annually globally resulting in 1.5-2.7 million deaths 75% of which occur in children younger than 5 years of age in sub-Saharan Africa. In the U.S. most malaria cases are imported often by persons who travel to malaria-endemic countries without taking chemoprophylaxis (CP). This review focuses on malaria prevention for children who travel to or reside in malaria-endemic areas. (excerpt)
User interfaces for process modeling and detection systems

User interfaces are important for process modeling and detection systems. This paper discusses the user interface design and implementation for the innovative Process Query System (PQS). Discussion focuses on the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) editor, model validation, process query types, and result visualization. A log likelihood indicator is used to evaluate and visualize the goodness of model-observation matching. A numerical method to measure the distinguishability between two HMMs is proposed and proved effective. The measurement is performed by estimating misdetection rate using the Monte Carlo simulation method. A visual HMM comparison tool using this method is implemented in the user interface.
Families of k-independent sets

A collection F of sets is k-independent if for any selections A, B of k"1 and k"2 of its members with k"1+k"2=k, there are elements in all the members of A and not in the members of B. Bounds on the maximal size of k-independent families exponential in the total number of elements are obtained.
Tumor necrosis factors

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a well-described and characterized cytokine which can be elicited in the intact animal by endotoxin. This factor produces necrosis of subcutaneous tumors in the classic model: Meth A sarcoma in the Balb C mouse. It has been shown to be cytostatic or cytotoxic for a variety of human cancer cell lines, as well as to have effects against both mouse tumors and human cancers carried in the nude mouse. TNF is most likely produced by the macrophage. TNF has been cloned, and has been shown to have a molecular weight of 17,000 and to contain approximately 157 acids in its active form. The genes responsible for TNF are contained on chromosome 6 in man, which also contains genes of the major histocompatibility complex. Although there are similarities to lymphotoxin, which is produced by mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, and to interleukin-1 (IL-1), which is also produced by macrophages, TNF has distinctive differences, primarily in its antiproliferative effects. TNF is also allied with the effects of cachexia and has been shown to be similar to, if not exactly the same as, cachectin. Although it appears that effects of TNF require expression of receptors to facilitate binding to the cell, there is not a quantitative relationship between receptors and the sensitivity. TNF cytotoxic effects appeared to be amplified by pretreatment of cells with chemotherapeutic agents such as Actinomycin D, Adriamycin, and Cytoxan as well as to have synergistic effects with gamma interferon, alpha interferon, and IL-2. Although initial phase I and phase II studies of TNF in man have shown the expected toxicity, there have been minimal antitumor effects. It is anticipated that with more sophisticated studies, perhaps combining TNF with either biological or chemotherapeutic agents, TNF's true role in cancer therapy may well unfold.
NMDA and AMPA Receptor Ligand-Binding Domains Exhibit Subtype-Specific Conformational Propensities

The NMDA receptor family of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) is formed by assemblies of GluN1, GluN2, and GluN3 subunits. GluN1 and GluN3 bind glycine, whereas GluN2 binds glutamate. Crystal structures of the GluN1 and GluN3A ligand-binding domains (LBDs) in their apo states reveal open- and closed-cleft conformations, respectively. Computed conformational free energy landscapes for GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN3A LBDs reveal that the apo-state LBDs sample both open- and closed-cleft conformations, suggesting a conformational selection mechanism for agonist binding. By contrast, free energy landscapes for the AMPA receptor GluA2 LBD suggest an induced-fit mechanism for glutamate binding. Principal component analysis reveals a spectrum of large-scale conformational transisitions that are different for the GluN1, GluN2A, GluN3A, and GluA2 LBDs. This diversity in modes of motion highlights the dynamic complexity inherent in glutamate receptor ion channels.
The Mechanism of Wellbore Weakening in Worn Casing-Cement-Formation System

Maintaining casing integrity, in terms of downhole zonal isolations and well stability, is extremely important in oil/gas wells. Casing wear occurs not only in directional drilling, but also in vertical drilling with a slight deviation angle. In most hydrocarbon wells, deteriorated casing was reported from the onset of casing wear by the presence of friction force during the rotation of drillpipe. The friction force against the casing wall causes the reduction of casing strength. Furthermore, the rotation of drillpipe combined with corrosive drilling fluids could dramatically degrade the casing strength. We used a finite element analysis to focus on the stress evolution in worn casings. Comparison study between worn casing and perfect casing was conducted. Our study showed that the thermal load significantly increases the stress concentration of the worn casing in the wellbore. Finite element solutions indicated that the radial stress of the worn casing is not affected as much as the hoop stress. Along with the increased burst pressure or the elevated temperature, the unworn portion of the casing also suffers from severe compression stress. This work is important to broadening the understanding of well engineers through addressing the true stress profile of worn casing in cemented wellbore.
1744 CONVERSION OF CHOLINE TO PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE(PC) IN THE ISOLATED-VENTILATED PERFUSED RABBIT LUNG

1744 CONVERSION OF CHOLINE TO PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE(PC) IN THE ISOLATED-VENTILATED PERFUSED RABBIT LUNG
Brachial plexus birth palsy-associated shoulder deformity: a rat model study.

Purpose Although recovery occurs in the majority of cases of brachial plexus birth palsy (BPBP), long-term shoulder disability is relatively common. The aim of this study was to establish an animal model to study BPBP-associated shoulder deformities. Methods A right-side C5, C6 root neurotomy was performed under the surgical microscope in 5-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 9). The contralateral side served as a control. The development of shoulder deformity and range of motion loss were followed longitudinally. Animals were killed 4 months after surgery. Both shoulders were harvested, decalcified, and transected in the axial plane for glenoid version measurement and shoulder histology. Results All animals developed shoulder internal rotation contracture within 4 weeks after the C5, C6 neurotomy. The average shoulder external rotation loss was 52° ± 7, 59° ± 10, and 82° ± 11 in comparison with the control side 1, 2, and 4 months after neurotomy, respectively. Glenoid version changed from 2° ± 2 of retroversion (left side) to 8° ± 3 of anteversion. Five shoulders were subluxated clinically with a pseudoglenoid formation observed radiographically. Histologic study demonstrated marked glenoid and humeral head deformities. Conclusions This neonatal rat model clearly demonstrated typical shoulder deformities similar to that resulting from Erb's palsy. This model can be useful in studying BPBP-associated shoulder deformities.
Electrostatic octupole lens calculations for MeV ion accelerators

Abstract In the application of a tandem electrostatic accelerator (NEC Pelletron) to accelerator mass spectrometry for stable isotopes, various optical elements are needed. These optical components are electrostatic dipoles, quadrupoles and octupoles. Cylindrical configurations of rods of circular cross section have been shown [J. Kelly, Adv. Electron. Electron Phys. 43 (1977) 43] to provide many of these desired features. In the present work, we present new designs using cylinders in a cylindrical arrangement which provide, when appropriately excited, dipoles, quadrupoles and octupoles. These configurations can be excited so as to produce combinations of these multipoles as well, thus permitting correction for aberrations. The results of optimization of the geometry using various eight electrode arrangements are reported and compared to previous four electrode and other geometries.
A Conversation With Zoltan P. Dienes

The name of Zoltan P. Dienes (1916–) stands with those of Jean Piaget, Jerome Bruner, Edward Begle, and Robert Davis as a legendary figure whose work left a lasting impression on the field of mathematics education. Dienes’ name is synonymous with the multibase blocks that he invented for the teaching of place value. Among numerous other things, he also is the inventor of algebraic materials and logic blocks, which sowed the seeds of contemporary uses of manipulative materials in instruction. Dienes’ place is unique in the field of mathematics education not only because of his theories on how mathematical structures can be effectively taught from the early grades onwards using manipulatives, games, stories, and dance (e.g., Dienes, 1973, 1987), but also because of his tireless attempts for over 50 years to inform school practice through his fieldwork in the United Kingdom, Italy, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Papua New Guinea, and the United States. Dienes’ theories on the learning of mathematics have influen...
Improved Histological Procedure for Microscopic Demonstration of Related Changes in Fish Muscle Tissue Structure During Holding and Freezing

A simple and practical histological preparative procedure that causes minimum damage and distortion in the arrangement and organization of muscular tissue of fish was developed, which includes: fixation in Sanfelice fluid, dehydration in Cellosolve, infiltration in Parlodion, clearing in chloroform, infiltration and embedding in paraffin, sectioning (4–8 μm), and staining in a modified Massontrichrome stain. The procedure permitted the clear observation of muscle cells at the myofibrillar level. Sensible changes in the configuration and arrangement of the muscular tissue due to the rate of freezing and the postmortem condition, including spoilage, were clearly distinguished. Holding and spoilage progressively expanded the extracellular space at the expense of shrunken muscle cells and clumped myofibrils. Freezing also increased the extracellular space with cellular and myofibrillar compression between ice crystals. These alterations are diagnostic of prior tissue treatment and are easily obtained with simple histological methods.
FRACTURES OF THE FACIAL SKELETON IN CHILDREN

Fractures of the facial skeleton are infrequent in children. A series of 147 fractures in 116 children aged from 10 days to 13 years old was retrospectively reviewed. The male to female ratio was 1.4:1 and the highest incidence occurred in the age group 8 to 10 years. The main aetiological factor was road traffic accidents. The mandible was predominantly involved (83.7%). The incidence of fractures of the middle third of the face was very low (4.0%). Closed reduction was undertaken most frequently. Complications were found to be minimal.