cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1627: Requirement for the Src family kinase, Fyn, in proliferation of BCR-ABL1 transduced bone marrow and aneuploidy in CML

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Oncogenic signals stemming from the BCR/ABL kinase drive the development and progression of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Hence, therapies blocking kinase activity have proven extremely successful at managing this hematological malignancy. However, treatment of the terminal and progressed state of CML, blast crisis, remains difficult. Previous work from our group has identified the Src family kinase, Fyn, as being upregulated in blast crisis CML. We also reported that knockdown of Fyn slowed CML growth in vitro and in vivo and sensitized cells to BCR-ABL1 kinase inhibition with imatinib. Recent work using microarray profiling of kinase inhibitor resistant cells from a separate group has shown that imatinib resistance is associated with Fyn expression. In the current study, we utilized bone marrow cells from Fyn deficient mice to test the requirement for Fyn in p210 BCR-ABL1 mediated survival. Bone marrow cells from Fyn knockout and Fyn wildtype mice were harvested and transduced with a GFP expressing retroviral construct (MigR1) or MigR1-p210 BCR-ABL1. Cells were sorted for GFP expression and BCR-ABL1 expression was confirmed by Western blotting. Cell growth in culture was monitored over the course of three weeks in Fyn deficient and wildtype cells expressing BCR-ABL1. Fourteen days post sorting, the number of cells lacking Fyn were more than 50% lower than Fyn wildtype cells transduced with BCR-ABL1. Clonogenic assays further indicated that Fyn significantly promotes BCR-ABL1 induced bone marrow cell growth. Colony numbers in Fyn deficient cells expressing BCR-ABL1 were less than half that seen in Fyn wildtype cells. To address the role for Fyn kinase activity in these effects, constitutively active and dominant negative Fyn constructs have been transduced into BCR-ABL1 expressing cells. Constitutively active Fyn caused a high degree of chromosomal aberrations, fusions and aneuploidy suggestive of genomic instability. Taken together, these data highlight a significant role for Fyn in BCR-ABL1 mediated proliferation and secondary chromosomal aberrations, which are both features characteristic of blast crisis CML. Our results indicate that strategies to inhibit Fyn expression and kinase activity will be therapeutically relevant for progressed and/or refractory CML patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1627.
Effect of adrenalectomy and corticoid replacement on mammary gland growth in rats.

SummaryAdrenalectomized - ovariectomized (ADRX-OVARX) rats were injected with 1 μg estradiol benzoate (EB) and 3 mg progesterone (P) per day for 19 days. Groups included those maintained on 1% saline drinking water alone and with 100 μg prednisone and 100, 250, or 1000 μg hydrocortisone acetate (HC) per day and on 250 μg desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) per day. Mammary growth was determined by DNA content of 6 posterior glands. Adrenocorticals in absence of EB and P had no effect on mammary growth. Injection of EB and P plus 100 μg prednisone or 100 or 250 μg HC per day increased DNA significantly above ADRX-OVARX group receiving EB and P plus saline only (P<.01) and not significantly different from OVARX group receiving EB and P. Groups receiving 1 mg HC or 250 μg DOCA per day plus EB and P had DNA levels similar to ADRX-OVARX group on EB and P plus saline. The role of adrenocorticoids in mammary growth is considered to be synergistic by action on general metabolism. The term “mammopoietic” is sugges...
Thermal and Storage Stability of Bio-Oil from Pyrolysis of Torrefied Wood

The objective of this paper is to investigate the biomass torrefaction effect on bio-oil stability by comparing the physicochemical and compositional properties of aged bio-oils. Two aging methods, accelerated aging (held at 80 °C for 24 h) and long-term natural aging (12-month storage at 25 °C), were employed to produce aged bio-oils for such comparison. The results indicate that bio-oils made from heat-treated wood had similar aging behavior in terms of increase of water content, acid content, molecular weight, and viscosity. The increase rate, however, was found to be different and dependent on the aging method. The accelerated method found parallel water and total acidity number (TAN) increments between raw and torrefaction bio-oils, while the natural aging method found torrefaction bio-oils, especially those made from heavily treated wood, had much slower water and acid accumulation than that of raw bio-oil. As a negative effect, both methods identified the viscosity of torrefaction bio-oils increase...
Cancer Risk Behaviors of Adolescents: Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data.

The school years represent a time span of tremendous growth and development for children. These early years are an important formative stage for health behaviors. Children are constantly ex-posed to new situations, ideas, and concepts, and the habits they develop during this period have a lifelong influence on their health. Given that youngsters are malleable and face extreme contemporary pressures, it is not surprising that the leading causes of death for school children are linked to high-risk behaviors. Kann et al noted that 72% of all deaths among school-age individuals are the result of four causes: motor-vehicle accidents, homicides, suicides, and other unintentional injuries. Some of the major risk factors for youth morbidity (eg, alcohol use and early sexual experience) also reflect behavioral patterns that increase risks for future chronic diseases, including cancer. Furthermore, despite significant progress in recent years in education on cancer prevention and control issues, the American Cancer Society predicts that in the United States, men have a 1 in 2 lifetime risk of developing cancer, and the risk for women is 1 in 3.2
Autonomy with Portuguese Characteristics: A Primer on the Privileges of Portugal’s Autonomous Regions

In December 2015, the National People’s Congress Basic Law Committee sent a six-person delegation to investigate the relationship between mainland Portugal and its two “ultraperipheral” autonomous regions: the Azores and Madeira archipelagos (PARs). To the residents of Hong Kong and Macau, this occurrence begs understanding what form that autonomy takes, and what its implications could be for the future development of China’s Special Administrative Regions (SARs). The answers present both rich opportunities and challenges. This article is intended as a primer on Portuguese-style autonomy for the SAR audience. It examines both normative and empirical resources in describing Portuguese practice. Variations in context, political architecture, central-local relations and international identity are explored. Essentially, while the PARs do not have all of the privileges of the SARs in terms of economic liberty and legislative competence, they do enjoy universal suffrage, permanent constitutional recognition, and privileged access to the most extensive fundamental rights regime in the world.
Does the Free Market Facilitate Moral Corruption? Responses and Criticisms

The free market is often subject to scrutiny from both politicians and the press, and because the free market promotes self-interested behavior, recent dialogues have asked if the free market also promotes moral corruption. While the market process cannot prevent all occurrences of moral corruption, we argue that the market system does operate as a corrective mechanism in many instances. In the cases where market responses fail to curb moral corruption, we argue that tolerating some moral corruption is a second best solution that might be necessary to prevent further bad outcomes from occurring (e.g., mass poverty).
Effects of pre- and post-dispersal temperature on primary and secondary dormancy dynamics in contrasting genotypes of A rabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae)

Germination is determined by the depth of primary dormancy and the dynamics of secondary dormancy induction. We assess how dark imbibition at cool temperatures influences primary dormancy breakage and secondary dormancy induction, and how the depth of primary dormancy influences secondary dormancy induction. We manipulated primary dormancy by maturing seeds at two temperatures (‘pre-dispersal’) known to induce different levels of primary dormancy, and by employing genotypes that differ in primary dormancy. To assess primary dormancy breakage and secondary dormancy induction, seeds of each genotype and maturation treatment were imbibed in the dark at one of four temperatures (‘post-dispersal’) for one of three durations. Germination proportions were recorded. Seed-maturation condition and genotype influenced the degree of primary dormancy breakage in response to dark stratification and in the optimal temperature for dormancy breakage. Secondary dormancy induction was strongest in cool-matured seeds and seeds stratified at warmer temperatures for longer durations. These effects were consistent across genotypes. Maturation temperature influenced the expression of genetic variation for primary but not secondary dormancy, which showed little genetic variation. Seed-maturation temperature influenced primary and secondary dormancy induction by dark imbibition, and it also influenced the expression of genetic variation for temperature-dependent dormancy breakage. Cool seed-maturation induced primary dormancy in a genotype-specific manner and enhanced secondary dormancy induction. Post-dispersal temperature also influenced primary dormancy breakage and secondary dormancy induction. The observed interactions between primary and secondary dormancy, and between pre- and post-dispersal temperature, are expected to influence life-history expression in nature.
Declining Prevalence of Hearing Loss in US Adults Aged 20 to 69 Years

Importance As the US population ages, effective health care planning requires understanding the changes in prevalence of hearing loss. Objective To determine if age- and sex-specific prevalence of adult hearing loss has changed during the past decade. Design, Setting, and Participants We analyzed audiometric data from adults aged 20 to 69 years from the 2011-2012 cycle of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional, nationally representative interview and examination survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population, and compared them with data from the 1999-2004 cycles. Logistic regression was used to examine unadjusted, age- and sex-adjusted, and multivariable-adjusted associations with demographic, noise exposure, and cardiovascular risk factors. Data analysis was performed from April 28 to June 3, 2016. Interventions Audiometry and questionnaires. Main Outcomes and Measures Speech-frequency hearing impairment (HI) defined by pure-tone average of thresholds at 4 frequencies (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz) greater than 25 decibels hearing level (HL), and high-frequency HI defined by pure-tone average of thresholds at 3 frequencies (3, 4, and 6 kHz) greater than 25 decibels HL. Results Based on 3831 participants with complete threshold measurements (1953 men and 1878 women; mean [SD] age, 43.6 [14.4] years), the 2011-2012 nationally weighted adult prevalence of unilateral and bilateral speech-frequency HI was 14.1% (27.7 million) compared with 15.9% (28.0 million) for the 1999-2004 cycles; after adjustment for age and sex, the difference was significant (odds ratio [OR], 0.70; 95% CI, 0.56-0.86). Men had nearly twice the prevalence of speech-frequency HI (18.6% [17.8 million]) as women (9.6% [9.7 million]). For individuals aged 60 to 69 years, speech-frequency HI prevalence was 39.3% (95% CI, 30.7%-48.7%). In adjusted multivariable analyses for bilateral speech-frequency HI, age was the major risk factor (60-69 years: OR, 39.5; 95% CI, 10.5-149.4); however, male sex (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.0), non-Hispanic white (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.3-3.9) and non-Hispanic Asian race/ethnicity (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1-4.2), lower educational level (less than high school: OR, 4.2; 95% CI, 2.1-8.5), and heavy use of firearms (≥1000 rounds fired: OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-3.0) were also significant risk factors. Additional associations for high-frequency HI were Mexican-American (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3-3.1) and other Hispanic race/ethnicity (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4-4.0) and the combination of loud and very loud noise exposure occupationally and outside of work (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4-4.2). Conclusions and Relevance Adult hearing loss is common and associated with age, other demographic factors (sex, race/ethnicity, and educational level), and noise exposure. Age- and sex-specific prevalence of HI continues to decline. Despite the benefit of delayed onset of HI, hearing health care needs will increase as the US population grows and ages.
Jailx protecting users from x applications

We design and implement a new program named JailX, which stops xpdf and a broad class of X applications from attacking user's screen and files via buffer overflows. JailX doesn't fix buffer overflows, because that approach is a never-ending cycle. JailX protects the user against all bugs in X applications, known or unknown. In this dissertation, we survey the attacks that can be done by malicious X clients, and explain how they work at the level of X protocol. Then we explain Xpurify, the largest component of JailX, a comprehensive, reliable, and efficient X protocol purifier; it controls X requests from an application such as xpdf, and protecting user's screen. We also explain the remaining components of JailX, which relies on the standard UNIX chroot mechanism to limit direct access to the file system. JailX imposes no change to X applications, X server, and the operating system. We test JailX on different UNIX-like systems. A wide variety of X applications are also tested, including image viewer, web browser and chat program, as well as xpdf. Performance tests are conducted on Xpurify; both macro benchmarks and micro benchmarks show that JailX imposes a mild speed penalty. On a current workstation with dual-core CPU, applications run under JailX as fast as without JailX.
Gα12 facilitates shortening in human airway smooth muscle by modulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase-mediated activation in a RhoA-dependent manner

Author(s): Yoo, Edwin J; Cao, Gaoyuan; Koziol-White, Cynthia J; Ojiaku, Christie A; Sunder, Krishna; Jude, Joseph A; Michael, James V; Lam, Hong; Pushkarsky, Ivan; Damoiseaux, Robert; Di Carlo, Dino; Ahn, Kwangmi; An, Steven S; Penn, Raymond B; Panettieri, Reynold A | Abstract: Background and purposePI3K-dependent activation of Rho kinase (ROCK) is necessary for agonist-induced human airway smooth muscle cell (HASMC) contraction, and inhibition of PI3K promotes bronchodilation of human small airways. The mechanisms driving agonist-mediated PI3K/ROCK axis activation, however, remain unclear. Given that G12 family proteins activate ROCK pathways in other cell types, their role in M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-stimulated PI3K/ROCK activation and contraction was examined.Experimental approachGα12 coupling was evaluated using co-immunoprecipitation and serum response element (SRE)-luciferase reporter assays. siRNA and pharmacological approaches, as well as overexpression of a regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins were applied in HASMCs. Phosphorylation levels of Akt, myosin phosphatase targeting subunit-1 (MYPT1), and myosin light chain-20 (MLC) were measured. Contraction and shortening were evaluated using magnetic twisting cytometry (MTC) and micro-pattern deformation, respectively. Human precision-cut lung slices (hPCLS) were utilized to evaluate bronchoconstriction.Key resultsKnockdown of M3 receptors or Gα12 attenuated activation of Akt, MYPT1, and MLC phosphorylation. Gα12 coimmunoprecipitated with M3 receptors, and p115RhoGEF-RGS overexpression inhibited carbachol-mediated induction of SRE-luciferase reporter. p115RhoGEF-RGS overexpression inhibited carbachol-induced activation of Akt, HASMC contraction, and shortening. Moreover, inhibition of RhoA blunted activation of PI3K. Lastly, RhoA inhibitors induced dilation of hPCLS.Conclusions and implicationsGα12 plays a crucial role in HASMC contraction via RhoA-dependent activation of the PI3K/ROCK axis. Inhibition of RhoA activation induces bronchodilation in hPCLS, and targeting Gα12 signaling may elucidate novel therapeutic targets in asthma. These findings provide alternative approaches to the clinical management of airway obstruction in asthma.
Neurobiology: A change of fate for nerve repair.

Schwann cells support neuronal signalling. The discovery that these cells become dramatically reprogrammed after nerve injury, adopting migratory characteristics that promote repair, highlights the plasticity of mature cell types.
Integrated distribution system optimization using a chance-constrained formulation

The rapidly rising penetration level of distributed generators (DGs) increases the risk of unacceptable voltages in distribution systems. The conventional voltage regulation devices are limited by physical constraints in their ability to perform voltage/var control in response to photovoltaic (PV) output fluctuations. However, the reactive power capability of PV inverters alongside with conventional voltage regulation devices can be used to address this challenge. This paper proposes a integrated volt/var method based on a control action ahead of time to find both the optimal voltage regulation tap settings and PV reactive control parameters in which the maximum expected system performance with respect to a figure of merit of interest can be achieved while maintaining appropriate system voltage magnitudes and considering the uncertainty of PV power injections over the interval of interest. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using a modified IEEE 123-node radial distribution system.
Kant and Sexuality

Kant’s comments on sexuality are commonly found to be at best perplexing and at worst extraordinarily unenlightened and morally offensive. Varden starts by reconstructing what seems to be Kant’s view on sexuality as well as providing an overview of the main, existing Kantian philosophical responses and alternative proposals to this account. In the last part of the chapter, she outlines a new Kantian approach to sexuality that overcomes the shortcomings of both Kant’s own and the existing Kantian accounts.
Leader-member exchange and organizational citizenship behaviors: Contextual effects of leader power distance and group task interdependence

Abstract In this paper we explore the context of the relationship between leader-member exchange and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). We maintain that workgroup leader's power distance and the extent of task interdependence in the group exert cross-level effects on the LMX-OCB relationship. We assert that leader power distance attenuates the relationship between LMX and OCB, and this effect is stronger in workgroups with high degree of task interdependence. Results of hierarchical linear modeling analysis of data gathered from 245 employees nested in 54 workgroups supported our hypotheses. LMX-OCB relationship was weaker in workgroups led by high power distance leaders. Further, the three-way cross-level interaction between LMX, leader power distance and group task interdependence demonstrated that the tendency for LMX to have a stronger positive effect on OCB when leader power distance was low rather than high was more pronounced in high task interdependence teams.
Mobile road pothole classification and reporting with data quality estimates

Harnessing the power of mobile computing platforms has opened up newer possibilities of gathering and classifying data by leveraging the use of crowd-sourcing. In the current generation that is being dominated by the mobile computing platform namely smart-phones, crowd-sourcing can be achieved in a relatively hassle-free yet effective means of collecting data from a large set of ordinary users. Tapping into this source pool, however, has a drawback of unspecified data quality and security and hence the lack of trust in the data collected. This paper proposes an approach that aims to realize the most influential factors related to destructiveness of potholes that are encountered on roadways, while supplementing the data with quality estimates derived from the completeness of the data and security and quality factors of the input device itself that is involved in the data collection process, thereby addressing the drawback of data trust. The mobile application design is described. The application use cases are presented and discussed.
Design of two-pass swage autofrettage processes of thick-walled cylinders by computer modeling:

An ever-increasing industrial demand for pressurized thick-walled cylindrical components drives research and practice to increase their strength–weight ratio, extend their fatigue life, or to incre...
The Dynamics of Volitional Reliance

The idea of self-reliance can evoke quite disparate images in the minds of people from different backgrounds and cultures. For some, self-reliance implies competence, independence, resourcefulness, and strength of character. Self-reliant persons are those who “keep their chins up,” “pull themselves up by their own bootstraps,” and “stand on their own two feet.” This vision of the self-reliant person as stoic, self-empowered, and purposive is prominent in individualistic cultural ideologies; it is associated with the ideals of self-efficacy, personal determination, and progress (Bellah, Madsen, Sullivan, Swidler, & Tipton, 1985; May, 1991, Triandis, 1989). The converse of this idealized image is a view of non-self-reliance (dependence) as weakness, immaturity, or incompetence.
MCDM Bibliography — 1975

Only the published works directly related to Multiple Criteria Decision Making are included. Intentionally excluded are the works dealing with multidimensional scaling and conjoint measurement, multiple cues modeling of human judgment, multiattribute attitude models of consumer behavior, statistical decision theory, and similar areas deserving bibliographies of their own.
Accurate Models for Optimizing Tapered Microchannel Heat Sinks in 3D ICs

High-performance computing systems, especially 3D ICs, are yet facing thermal exacerbation. Inter-tier liquid cooling microchannel layers have been introduced into 3D ICs as an integrated cooling mechanism to tackle thermal degradation. Many research works optimize microchannel designs based on runtime-expensive numerical simulations or inaccurate thermofluid models. In this work, we propose accurate closed-form models on tapered microchannel to capture the relationship between channel geometry and heat transfer performance. To improve the accuracy, our correlation is based on developing flow model and derived from numerical simulation using a subset of multiple channel parameters. Our models reduce error by 57 % in Nusselt number and 45 % in pressure drop for channels with inlet width 100-400µm compared to commonly used fully developed flow based models in optimization. Obtained correlations show potential as solid foundation to achieve close to optimal design through runtime-efficient microchannel design optimization.
Concentration dependence of As2S3 chalcogenide glass cluster size in amine solution

Solution processing chalcogenide glasses is a common and effective first step in optoelectronic device fabrication. Arsenic(III) sulfide (As2S3) is believed to take on a nanoscale cluster structure in n-propylamine and n-butylamine, which affects the morphology and properties of the deposited material; however, the size of these clusters and the mechanism of size determination are poorly understood. We combine experimental and analytical techniques to investigate As2S3 cluster size in n-propylamine and its dependence on solution concentration. We find that the cluster size increases with concentration and show that this trend is consistent across independent experimental techniques. We then explain these results by proposing a simplified dissolution mechanism and deriving cluster size through a free energy argument. Our findings enable informed control of chalcogenide glass cluster size during solution processing and improved property control in optoelectronic device fabrication.
Network Effects and Technology Adoption in Us Telecommunications

This paper examines variations in the adoption of new technology by firms operating in a network-based industry: telecommunications. These variations are explained as a function of three network effects: the first is the conversion effect, driven by operations-related increasing returns to scale; the second is the consumption effect, driven by demand-side increasing returns to scale; the third is an imitative effect. We expect the conversion effect to be felt more strongly during earlier phases of a technology's evolution, while a strong consumption effect is felt throughout. The imitative effect is also expected to be felt throughout. These hypotheses are examined with respect to electronic switching adoption in the local operating sector of the U.S. telecommunications industry. An analysis of the variations in adoption levels of the 40 largest firms over a period lasting from 1973 to 1987 supports our expectations, except for the imitative effect.
Correlating anisotropic mobility and intermolecular phonons in organic semiconductors to investigate transient localization

Developing a fundamental understanding of charge transport in organic semiconductors has been a decades-long challenge that hinders performance improvement. In particular, recent work suggests that organic semiconductors have unique charge–phonon interactions where phonons temporarily interrupt the band structure causing a transient localization of charge carriers. Despite growing evidence to support this mechanism, further understanding and control will depend on pinpointing the molecular motions that cause substantial change to the band structure. Here we combine experimental and theoretical techniques to demonstrate the phonon energies and associated molecular motions governing the charge–phonon interaction in single crystal tetracene. We investigate phonon properties using polarized Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and density functional theory, and correlate this with the anisotropic mobility. We find that specific phonons disrupt the band orbital in the high-mobility direction, evident in the discrepancy between measured and static calculations of the mobility anisotropy ratio in tetracene. The electronic structure and transport properties of organic semiconductors are known not to follow standard semiconductor models and a complete understanding is still lacking in the literature. The authors experimentally and theoretically demonstrate the role of phonon–charge interactions on the highest occupied molecular orbital and mobility of the organic semiconductor tetracene.
High-level secretion in Pichia pastoris and biochemical characterization of the recombinant kringle 2 domain of tissue-type plasminogen activator.

The kringle 2 (K2) domain of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) has been expressed in Pichia pastoris cell lines GSI15 and KM71. This construct contained a hexahistidine sequence at the C-terminus of the kringle to aid in purification by immobilized metal-ion-affinity chromatography. The exact amino acid sequence of the isolated kringle was EAEAYV-[K2 tPA ]SR(H) 6 , where [K2 tPA ] represents amino acid sequence residues C 1 -C 82 of the kringle domain (residues 180-261 of tPA). The clones of the yeast transformants provided large amounts of the recombinant (r)-[K2 tPA ]-containing polypeptide at levels that allowed ready purification of several hundred mg from shake flasks and near-gram levels from a high-biomass fermenter. Purification of the kringle domain directly from cell-conditioned media was accomplished in a single step by either immobilized Ni + -affinity chromatography or lysine-Sepharose affinity chromatography. N-linked glycans were present on approx. 30% of this yeast-expressed material, at N 5 of the kringle (corresponds to N 11 of the particular construct, N 184 of full-length tPA). The expressed recombinant kringle recognized a conformation-specific monoclonal antibody generated against tPA that is directed to the K2 domain of the protein, interacted properly with various ω-amino acid ligands, and showed signature conformational properties when studied by differential scanning calorimetry and high-resolution 1 H-NMR. The results demonstrate that the P. pastoris system can be employed to obtain large amounts of secreted and properly folded kringle domains.
PathFlow-MixMatch for Whole Slide Image Registration: An Investigation of a Segment-Based Scalable Image Registration Method

Image registration involves finding the best alignment between different images of the same object. In these tasks, the object in question is viewed differently in each of the images (e.g. different rotation or light conditions, etc.). In digital pathology, image registration aligns correspondent regions of tissue from different stereotactic viewpoints (e.g. subsequent deeper sections of the same tissue). These comparisons are important for histological analysis and can facilitate previously unavailable manipulations, such as 3D tissue reconstruction and cell-level alignment of immunohistochemical (IHC) and special stains. Several benchmarks have been established for evaluating image registration techniques for histological tissue; however, little work has evaluated the impact of scaling registration techniques to Giga-Pixel Whole Slide Images (WSI), which are large enough for significant memory limitations, and contain recurrent patterns and deformations that hinder traditional alignment algorithms. Furthermore, as tissue sections often contain multiple, discrete, smaller tissue fragments, it is unnecessary to align an entire image when the bulk of the image is background whitespace and tissue fragments9 orientations are often agnostic of each other. We present a methodology for circumventing large-scale image registration issues in histopathology and accompanying software. By removing background pixels, parsing the slide into discrete tissue segments, and matching, orienting and registering smaller segment pairs, we recovered registrations with lower Target Registration Error (TRE) when compared to utilizing the unmanipulated WSI. We tested our technique by having a pathologist annotate landmarks from 13 pairs of differently stained liver biopsy slides, performing WSI and segment-based registration techniques, and comparing overall TRE. Preliminary results demonstrate superior performance of registering segment pairs versus registering WSI (difference of median TRE of 44 pixels, p
The role of beach state and the timing of pre-storm surveys in determining the accuracy of storm impact assessments

Abstract Dune erosion principally occurs when water level exceeds the elevation of the beach and predicting erosion is progressively becoming more important for management as coastal populations increase, sea level rises, and storms become more powerful. This study assesses storm impacts using a simple model from Stockdon et al. (2007) configured with oceanographic information from the ADCIRC + SWAN model and frequently collected beach profiles. We applied that model to barrier islands in North Carolina including: Core Banks with a more dissipative beach morphology and Shackleford Banks and Onslow Beach with intermediate beach morphologies. The study periods captured 10 events where wave collision with the dunes and/or overwash were either predicted or observed, including large multiple-day events caused by hurricanes and smaller events caused by onshore winds and high tide. Comparing model output with a time series of beach photographs shows the predictive power and sensitivity of the model was consistently high at the Core Banks Site with its wide and low-gradient beach, high-elevation dunes (2.58 m), and high resistance to overwash. Model predictive power and sensitivity was lowest at the Shackleford Banks Site because frequent and large changes to beach slope and intermediate dune elevation (0.54–1.25 m) caused small variations of modeled total water level to either overpredict or underpredict storm impacts. In addition, storm impacts were always overpredicted during hurricanes at the Shackleford Banks Site, which was likely due to storm waves decreasing the beach slope from what was measured prior to the event and used as model input. Like Shackleford Banks, the beach slope of the Onslow Beach Site was steep and variable, but the low-elevation dunes (0.24–0.28 m) made resistance to overwash low and the predictive power and sensitivity of the model higher than at the Shackleford Banks Site. Results suggest that storm impacts and the associated potential for dune erosion is predicted more accurately at beaches where the threshold for overwash is high or low because total water level during most events will commonly fall short of or exceed the overwash threshold, respectively. The accuracy of predicting the storm impact regime is sensitive to beach slope. The slope of intermediate beaches is more variable than dissipative beaches and requires frequent measurement if it is to be represented accurately in the model, but this can be impractical and costly even using the latest drone-surveying methods. To maximize the accuracy of predicting storm impacts, intermediate beach morphology should be constrained by surveying at seasonal or yearly time scales and used as input to numerical models that estimate beach slope over short time scales (hours during an event or daily), configured with the latest wave and water-level forecasts.
Kindness at First Sight: The Role of Syllabi in Impression Formation.

Strong faculty–student relationships are an important predictor of student retention and success in higher education. Faculty often work to establish these relationships by developing rapport with ...
Case Report: Bridge Plating for Unstable PIP Fracture Dislocation.

Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) fracture-dislocation is a relatively common injury that results from “jamming” a finger.Treatment hinges on the degree of articular surface involvement, which determines stability of the joint. For unstableinjuries, a variety of surgical interventions have been described including extension block pinning, open reduction internalfixation, volar plate arthroplasty, static or dynamic external fixation, and hemi-hamate reconstruction. We present thecase of an unstable, subacute ring finger PIP dorsal fracture dislocation for which the above options were not possible ordesirable to the patient.We performed temporary bridge plate fixation of the joint, based on the success of a similar procedure used to treatcomminuted and unstable distal radius fractures.The procedure allowed immediate return to work, which was the patients’ primary goal, and resulted in a reasonable shorttermoutcome, similar to other mentioned procedures.Temporary bridge plate fixation can be considered among treatment choices for PIP fracture dislocation when other, moreestablished options are not possible or desirable.Level of evidence: IV
Impulse Current Measurement Device Based on Uniform Spiral Magnetic Induction Module

Lightning striking power system will produce a strong impulse current, and generate a very high ground potential rise on the equipment, which seriously endangers the safety of equipment and personnel. Therefore, the accuracy of impulse current measurement is related to the safe and stable operation of power system. In order to measure impulse current efficiently, conveniently and accurately, a wide frequency magnetic field sensor based on Archimedes spiral structure is developed. Firstly, the structure design and parameter calculation of the magnetic field sensor with Archimedes spiral structure are carried out. Compared with the traditional solenoid sensor, the single-layer sensitivity of the magnetic field sensor with Archimedes spiral structure is increased by 7.18 times. Through software simulation, the capacitance to ground of the magnetic field sensor is 1.0578pf; the rise time of the step response is 20.4ns, and the overshoot is 4.4%; the upper and lower cut-off frequencies of the magnetic field sensor are 3Hz and 21mhz respectively. The simulation results show that the magnetic field sensor has excellent high-frequency characteristics and dynamic response characteristics. Compared with the standard of national high voltage measurement station, the amplitude error is better than 0.2%, the linearity of rise time error is better than 0.2%, and the linearity of half peak time error is better than 0.1%. The non-contact accurate measurement of impulse current is realized.
A Phosphorylated Histone H2A Variant Displays Properties of Chromatin Insulator Proteins in Drosophila

Chromatin insulators are responsible for mediating long-range interactions between enhancers and promoters throughout the genome and align with the boundaries of topologically associating domains (TADs). Here, we demonstrate an interaction between proteins that associate with the gypsy insulator and the phosphorylated histone variant H2Av ({gamma}H2Av), a marker of DNA double strand breaks. Gypsy insulator components colocalize with {gamma}H2Av throughout the genome. Mutation of insulator components prevents stable H2Av phosphorylation in polytene chromatin. Phosphatase inhibition strengthens the association between insulator components and {gamma}H2Av and rescues {gamma}H2Av localization in insulator mutants. We also show that {gamma}H2Av is a component of insulator bodies, and that phosphatase activity is required for insulator body dissolution after recovery from osmotic stress. We further demonstrate a tight association between {gamma}H2Av and TAD boundaries. Together, our results indicate a novel mechanism linking insulator function with a histone H2A variant and with genome stability.
Spectral Linewidth Narrowing of two Broad Area Blue Laser Diode (445nm) with a Common External Cavity

Two high-power, watt-level broad area laser diodes (BALD) were simultaneously locked into a common external cavity made using a surface grating in Littrow configuration and the spectral linewidth of the combined laser beam was narrowed down from over a nm to 15 pm (FWHM).
Sufficient Plasma Vitamin C Is Related to Greater Bone Mineral Density among Postmenopausal Women from the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study.

BACKGROUND Vitamin C may benefit bone as an antioxidant. OBJECTIVES This cross-sectional study evaluated associations between dietary, supplemental, and plasma vitamin C with bone mineral density (BMD) among Puerto Rican adults. METHODS Diet was assessed by food-frequency questionnaire (n = 902); plasma vitamin C, measured in fasting blood (n = 809), was categorized as sufficient (≥50 μmol/L), insufficient (20-49 μmol/L), or low (<20 μmol/L). Associations between vitamin C and BMD (measured by DXA) were tested, with false discovery rate correction for multiple comparisons, and interactions by smoking, sex, and estrogen status. Least-squares mean BMDs were compared across tertiles of diet and plasma vitamin C. RESULTS Participants' mean age was 59 ± 7 y (range: 46-78 y), 72% were women, mean dietary vitamin C was 95 ± 62 mg/d, and plasma vitamin C ranged from 1.7 to 125 μmol/L. No associations were observed between dietary vitamin C and BMD (P-value range: 0.48-0.96). BMD did not differ by vitamin C supplement use (P-value range: 0.07-0.29). Total femur BMD was higher (P = 0.04) among plasma vitamin C-sufficient participants (mean: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.035, 1.076 g/cm2) compared with low plasma vitamin C participants (1.026; 0.999, 1.052 g/cm2) in adjusted models. Findings at the trochanter were similar (P = 0.04). Postmenopausal women without estrogen therapy, with sufficient plasma vitamin C, showed greater total femur BMD (1.004 ± 0.014 g/cm2) compared to those with low plasma vitamin C (0.955 ± 0.017 g/cm2; P = 0.001). Similar findings were observed at the trochanter (P < 0.001). No significant associations were observed among premenopausal women or those with estrogen therapy or men. Interactions with smoking status were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Dietary vitamin C was not associated with BMD. Low plasma vitamin C, compared with sufficiency, was associated with lower hip BMD, particularly among postmenopausal women without estrogen therapy. Future research is needed to determine whether vitamin C status is associated with change in BMD or reduction in fracture risk.
Analysis of Artifacts Removal Techniques in EEG Signals for Energy-Constrained Devices

This paper analyzes and evaluates various denoising techniques, including Wavelet Transform and Moving Average Filter methods for removing ocular and motion artifacts from EEG signals. The performance of each technique is benchmarked in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and normalized mean squared error (NMSE) on available EEG databases, including Bonn and Motion-Artifact Contaminated EEG databases. Simulation results show that the Wavelet Transform using the SURE Shrink algorithm with the hard thresholding rule has the best performance for removing ocular artifacts in intracranial EEG. In contrast, the Wavelet Transform using the universal threshold shrinkage rule with hard thresholding is the preferred method for removing motion artifacts in scalp EEGs. This study is an essential step toward more advanced work to achieve real-time, and low-cost denoising methods for energy-constrained devices.
Racial Order, Racialized Responses: Interminority Politics in a Diverse Nation

America's racial sands are quickly shifting, with parallel growth in theories to explain how varied groups respond, politically, to demographic changes. This Element develops a unified framework to predict when, why, and how racial groups react defensively toward others. America's racial groups can be arrayed along two dimensions: how American and how superior are they considered? This Element claims that location along these axes motivates political reactions to outgroups. Using original survey data and experiments, this Element reveals the acute sensitivity that people of color have to their social station and how it animates political responses to racial diversity.
Re-conceptualizing domains in neuroscience, hopes and utopias aside.

Describing cognitive processes without reference to their neural underpinnings has led to conceptualizations that do not match how the brain functions. A data-driven re-examination of the neuroimaging literature reveals an alternate conceptual framework combining mind and brain that disrupts current neuroscientific thought.
Comment on Arxiv:1009.2266v2, "On the Fine Structure Constant in the Machian Universe"

We consider a recent attempt by Gogberashvili and Kanatchikov to connect the value of the fine structure constant α with cosmological parameters. After pointing out an error in the authors' account, we show that by modifying their treatment of dark energy a suitable value of a can still be obtained using current values of the relevant cosmological parameters. We also address the question of α's determination in earlier cosmological eras
Statistical Basis of Risk Calculations

Risk calculation, in the context of genetic counseling, is commonly formulated as a problem of Bayesian inference. Employing its simplest formulation, this chapter reviews the major advances which have prompted changes in the computational routines of the various stages of risk calculation. Recent data from the functional genomics and radiation genetics literatures illustrate that genetic risk calculations are feasible for complex diseases as well, although to attain the desired accuracy of risk predictions for complex adult-onset diseases more precise additional data will be needed. However, the future holds promise in this direction as we enter the post-genome era of human genetics. Through examples, the uniqueness of risk predictions in each individual counseling case is stressed, advocating the concept of ‘nondirective’ counseling recommendations based on risk analysis. Keywords: genetic counselling; Bayesian risk; recurrence risk; linkage disequilibrium; predictive counselling; radiation-induced risk
GASP! a standardized performance analysis tool interface for global address space programming models

The global address space (GAS) programming model provides important potential productivity advantages over traditional parallel programming models. Languages using the GAS model currently have insufficient support from existing performance analysis tools, due in part to their implementation complexity. We have designed the Global Address Space Performance (GASP) tool interface that is flexible enough to support instrumentation of any GAS programming model implementation, while simultaneously allowing existing performance analysis tools to leverage their tool's infrastructure and quickly add support for programming languages and libraries using the GAS model. To evaluate the effectiveness of this interface, the tracing and profiling overhead of a preliminary Berkeley UPC GASP implementation is measured and found to be within the acceptable range.
Primitive noetherian algebras with big centers

Recent work of Artin, Small, and Zhang extends Grothendieck's classical commutative algebra result on generic freeness to a large family of non-commutative algebras. Over such an algebra, any finitely-generated module becomes free after localization at a suitable central element. In this paper, a construction is given of primitive noetherian algebras, finitely generated over the integers or over algebraic closures of finite fields, such that the faithful, simple modules don't satisfy such a freeness condition. These algebras also fail to satisfy a non-commutative version of the Nullstellensatz.
Vibrational spectra and structure of small ring compounds—IX: Cyclobutanol, cyclobutanol-d1 cyclobutanol-d4, and cyclobutanol-d5

Abstract The infrared spectra of cyclo butanol, α-cyctobutanol- d 1 , β,β,β',β'- cyclo butanol- d 4 and α,β,β,β',β'- cyclo butanol- d 5 have been measured from 4000 to 250 cm −1 . The far-infrared spectra of cyclo butanol and cyclo butanol- d 4 vapor have been recorded to 70 cm −1 . The Raman spectra of each species have been recorded and depolarization values have been measured. The thirtythree fundamental vibrations have been assigned and support for the existence of more than one molecular configuration is presented. The ring puckering vibration was assigned to an absorption centered near 170 cm −1 in the far infrared spectrum of cyclo butanol. The barrier to internal rotation of the O-H group has been calculated to be 1.32 kcal mole .
The instructional simulation builder

For years trainers and educators have recognized the cost benefit, safety and security advantages of using simulations in learning environments. Three barriers to the effective use of simulations in education and training have been identified. First, developing simulations is extremely expensive. Besides large companies and government affiliated agencies, few trainers and educators have traditionally had access to simulation technology. Second, once a simulation is completed, maintenance and modifications to the simulation are difficult and costly. Since systems evolve there is a real need to periodically update and modify simulations, otherwise the initial cost invested is never recovered. Finally, not all simulations are instructional. For instructional purposes a sophisticated representation of a device or system is not sufficient to instruct the learner in how to use the real system. In a free-play environment, learners may easily develop false notions of how the system operates unless guidance is built into the simulation. The instructional capacity of a rule based simulation could be significantly improved by building an instructional component into the simulation.