cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thinking Outside the Block: External Focus of Attention Improves Reaction Times and Movement Preparation Times in Collegiate Track Sprinters.

While focusing attention on external cues (EF) has been shown to enhance performance track and field coaches tend to provide instructions that promote internal focus of attention (IF) during block starts. The aims of this study were to determine: (1) whether promoting EF versus IF would improve reaction time (RT) of sprinters, and (2) if changes occur at the level of central processes during movement preparation (premotor RT) or peripheral processes during movement execution (motor RT). Twelve collegiate track sprinters (age 20.8 ± 1.7) completed three testing sessions under EF, IF, and no focus instruction (NF) conditions. RT was recorded from the left and right blocks. Muscle activation time (EMG) was recorded from the vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius muscles. Mean rear foot RT was significantly shorter (p 0.05). Adopting an EF improves RT during sprint starts. This improvement likely originates from a shortening in movement preparation time, as opposed to a faster excitation contraction coupling of the muscle fibers. These findings could potentially contribute to the development of new coaching methods aimed at improving the starting technique of athletes.
Pierrot, Perelà, and the Italian Saltimbanco: French fumisme and the Italian Modernist Imagination

Pierrot, Perela, e la figura del saltimbanco in Italia: Dal fumismo francese all’immaginazione modernista italiana Il presente saggio esplora i legami tra l’immaginario fumista, nella letteratura e nel teatro francese del XIX secolo, e le rappresentazioni dell’artista come saltimbanco nella cultura italiana del primo novecento. A partire dalla riscoperta francese del repertorio della commedia dell’arte, la presente ricerca documenta l’impatto delle re-invenzioni di Pierrot, da parte di Laforgue e Giraud, sul teatro futurista di Marinetti e sulla figura letteraria di Perela, protagonista del romanzo palazzeschiano Il codice di Perela. Lo studio dell’immaginario pierrotesco nella cultura francese e italiana mette in evidenza un significativo momento di contatto tra l’Italia e il modernismo europeo.
Firms in Trade and Trade Politics

We survey the literature on firms as primary actors in trade politics. In contrast with prevailing approaches, firm-centered models predict that trade internally divides industries and that larger ...
The role of sociodemographics in the occurrence of orthopaedic trauma

Abstract Introduction We sought to determine the effects of sociodemographic factors on the occurrence of orthopaedic injuries in an adult population presenting to a level 1 trauma center. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients who received orthopaedic trauma care at a level 1 academic trauma center. Results 20,919 orthopaedic trauma injury cases were treated at an academic level 1 trauma center between 01 January 1993 and 27 August 2017. Following application of inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 14,654 patients were retrieved for analysis. Out of 14,654 patients, 4602 (31.4%) belonged to low socioeconomic status (SES), 4961 (32.0%) to middle SES and 5361 (36.6%) to high SES. Following adjustment for age, sex, race, insurance status and injury severity score (ISS), patients belonging to middle SES vs. low SES (OR 0.77 [95% CI 0.63-0.94]; p = 0.009) or high SES vs. low SES (OR 0.77 [95% CI 0.62-0.95]; p = 0.016) had lower odds of receiving a penetrating injury as compared to a blunt injury. Conclusion The results from this study indicate that a link exists between sociodemographic factors and the occurrence of orthopaedic injuries presenting to a level 1 trauma center. The most common cause of injury varied within age groups, by sex, and within the different socioeconomic groups.
Double opposing perpendicular linear repair of gauge ear-piercing deformity: a new technique and literature review.

Objective: The repair of dilated ear lobules after gauge ear piercing is increasingly performed to restore the natural ear appearance and shape for esthetic, professional, or social reasons. Because of a deficit of remaining lobule tissue, reconstruction of this area can be challenging. Many have described the repair of partial cleft ear lobule defects, but few focus on the repair of dilated ear lobules. The authors review the methods of repair described in the literature and propose a new technique. Methods: A double opposing perpendicular linear closure was used to repair dilated ear lobules. A linear closure is made on the anterior aspect of the circular lobular defect followed by a linear closure on the posterior aspect oriented 90 degrees to that of the anterior surface. Results: This method produces an esthetically pleasing result with a rounded, natural appearance. Perpendicular repair lines prevent the dog-ear deformity that may be noticed on the lobule with a single linear closure. Preserving the outer remnant of ear lobule prevents notching seen when this area is violated. Conclusions: Several different techniques have been described for repair of the dilated ear lobule that has been deformed by gauge ear piercing. We describe a new method that is simple to perform and successful in restoring the dilated ear lobule.
From English to foreign languages: transferring pre-trained language models

Pre-trained models have demonstrated their effectiveness in many downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks. The availability of multilingual pre-trained models enables zero-shot transfer of NLP tasks from high resource languages to low resource ones. However, recent research in improving pre-trained models focuses heavily on English. While it is possible to train the latest neural architectures for other languages from scratch, it is undesirable due to the required amount of compute. In this work, we tackle the problem of transferring an existing pre-trained model from English to other languages under a limited computational budget. With a single GPU, our approach can obtain a foreign BERT base model within a day and a foreign BERT large within two days. Furthermore, evaluating our models on six languages, we demonstrate that our models are better than multilingual BERT on two zero-shot tasks: natural language inference and dependency parsing.
Higher Density Development for Lower Cost Housing? Understanding the Multifamily Housing Market and the Role of Density in Multifamily Home Prices:

This study documents the development and the characteristics of multifamily homes in the Portland metropolitan area and evaluate the roles of density and density-related factors in determining mult...
Familiarization increases face individuation measured with fast periodic visual stimulation

Abstract People are better at recognizing familiar versus unfamiliar faces. The current study investigated whether familiarity would lead to a larger face individuation response as measured via fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS). While electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded, participants viewed oddball sequences of faces made up of more versus less familiarized faces. In each sequence, a single base face was repeated at a rate of 6 Hz and oddball faces with different identities were presented every fifth face (6 Hz/5 = 1.2 Hz). As in previous studies, significant face individuation responses were observed at 1.2 Hz and its harmonics, with the strongest responses located over right occipito-temporal electrode sites. Despite a relatively minimal learning manipulation, the face individuation response over right occipito-temporal sites was stronger for more versus less familiarized faces. These results suggest that the fast-periodic visual oddball paradigm offers a promising means for investigating face learning.
A 36-Year-Old Woman Presenting With Left Upper Quadrant Discomfort, Encephalopathy, and Respiratory Failure

Case Presentation A 36-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and alcoholism reported 2 days of left upper quadrant pain and jaundice. Within hours of admission, she became somnolent and hypoxic. The patient was then intubated. She had no history of drug abuse, cigarette smoking, liver disease, autoimmune disease, or pancreatitis. She had no home medications.
Chemical Vapor Deposition for Atomically Dispersed and Nitrogen Coordinated Single Metal Site Catalysts

Atomically dispersed and nitrogen coordinated single metal sites (M-N-C, M=Fe, Co, Ni, or Mn) are the popular platinum group-metal (PGM)-free catalysts for many electrochemical reactions. Traditional wet-chemistry catalyst synthesis often requires complex procedures with unsatisfied reproducibility and scalability. Here, we report a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) strategy to synthesize the promising single metal site (M-N-C) catalysts. The deposition of gaseous 2-methylimidazole onto ZnO substrates doped with M, followed by an in-situ thermal activation, was proved effective in generating single metal sites well dispersed into porous carbon. In particular, an optimal CVD-derived Fe-N-C catalyst is featured with atomically dispersed FeN4 sites with increased Fe loading relative to other catalysts from wet-chemistry synthesis. The catalyst exhibited outstanding oxygen-reduction activity in acidic electrolytes, which was further studied in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells with encouraging performance. The CVD synthesis sheds some light on the mass production of single metal site catalysts towards advanced electrocatalysis.
Anomalous exciton transport in response to a uniform in-plane electric field

Excitons are neutral objects that, naively, should have no response to a uniform electric field. Could the Berry curvature of the underlying electronic bands alter this conclusion? In this work, we show that Berry curvature can indeed lead to anomalous transport for excitons in two-dimensional materials subject to a uniform in-plane electric field. By considering the constituent electron and hole dynamics, we demonstrate that there exists a regime for which the corresponding anomalous velocities are in the same direction. We establish the resulting center-of-mass motion of the exciton through both a semiclassical and fully quantum mechanical analysis, and elucidate the critical role of Bloch oscillations in achieving this effect. We identify transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayers as candidate materials to observe the effect.
Suture Tape Augmentation Has No Effect on Anterior Tibial Translation, Gap Formation, or Load to Failure of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair: A Biomechanical Pilot Study.

Purpose The purpose of our pilot study was to assess the effect of augmenting anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair with suture tape on biomechanical parameters including anterior tibial translation, gap formation, and load to failure. Methods Ten fresh-frozen nonpaired cadaveric knees were dissected, and baseline anterior-posterior stability of both ACL-intact and -deficient knees was obtained. The specimens were randomized to undergo ACL repair either with or without suture tape reinforcement, and anterior tibial translation, as well as gap formation, was measured after cyclic loading. Finally, all specimens were subjected to a single pullout force to determine maximum load to failure. We performed t test analysis to compare means between groups, and significance was defined as P Results On t test analysis, no statistically significant difference was found regarding anterior tibial translation between the ACL-intact group and either repair group or between the repair group without suture tape augmentation and the repair group with suture tape augmentation. No significant difference in gap formation was detected between the repair groups with and without suture tape augmentation at 100 cycles (1.25 mm vs 1.02 mm, P = .6), 250 cycles (2.87 mm vs 2.12 mm, P = .3), and 500 cycles (4.5 mm vs 4.55 mm, P = .5). The average load to failure of the repairs without suture tape augmentation was not significantly different from that of the repairs with suture tape augmentation (725.9 N vs 725.7 N, P = .99). Conclusions In this pilot study, we did not identify a difference between ACL repairs with and without suture tape augmentation regarding anterior tibial translation, gap formation, or maximum load to failure. Clinical Relevance Treatment of ACL tears with primary ACL repair is a highly debated topic, and studies such as this study to further our understanding of the biomechanical properties of augmented ACL repairs are important for surgeons when deciding the best treatments for their patients.
Exposure to violence, polyvictimization and youth's mental health and alcohol use in El Salvador

Abstract Background Community and family violence are major global health problems. Approximately 1.3 million deaths around the world and 2.5% of global mortality are due to violence. In El Salvador, youth are exposed to multiple levels of physical and emotional violence, abuse, and crime. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the various sources of violence against youth and determine the associations with mental distress symptoms, suicidal ideation, and alcohol use outcomes. Participants and setting We use information gathered in 2017 from a representative sample of 13- to 24-year-old adolescents and young adults from El Salvador. Methods Data used in this analysis came from a nationally cross-sectional household survey called Violence Against Children Survey (VACS) in El Salvador. We used logistic regression models to determine the associations between lifetime witnessing violence, exposure to physical, sexual, emotional violence, and youth mental health outcomes. Results Polyvictimization was associated with greater odds of each mental health outcome after adjusting for confounders. The strongest relative association was observed between emotional violence and mental distress. Sexual violence and emotional violence were predictors of suicidal ideation. Finally, physical violence and sexual violence were associated with alcohol use. The greatest associations were observed between sexual violence perpetrated by a parent, peer, or another adult in the community and suicidal ideation, at a magnitude of approximately six times higher odds. Conclusions Preventing violence against youth is likely to improve mental health and wellbeing in El Salvador and other similar contexts worldwide.
Machine learning prediction of diabetic foot ulcers in the inpatient population

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to create an algorithm that could predict diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) incidence in the in-patient population.Materials and MethodsThe Nationwide Inpatient Sa...
Computation of Power System Dynamics using Parallel Computers

Parallel algorithms for power system dynamics have attracted enormous attention of researchers, but experience with and the comparison of different algorithmic implementations are still limited. In this paper, the implementation of three typical classes of algorithms, the Gauss-Jacobi, the dishonest Newton and the relaxed Newton (SOR-Newton) on both shared and local memory multiprocessors, are described and cross-compared with the solution timings. The relaxed Newton is shown to be most advantageous. Different implementation strategies, together with the suitability of the algorithms to the machine architectures, are discussed. The implementation on the hypercube requires significant manual programming to schedule the processors and their communication whereas the compilers in the shared memory machines (Alliant, Symmetry) recognize parallel steps but only if software is properly coded. The paper presents these various considerations with detailed test results.
Drug-Drug Interactions

FDA evidence standards for demonstrating the effectiveness and safety of a new molecular entity (NME) are well evolved and defined by current laws and regulations. However, because only a limited number of patients can be studied during the drug development process, unpredictable adverse events can occur following approval. While serious post-marketing adverse events are rare, their occurrence can lead to market withdrawal of a drug. Five of 12 drugs that have been withdrawn from the U.S. market from 1997 to 2002 were prone to metabolic drug-drug interactions’. Three of these drugs, terfenadine, astemizole, and cisapride are cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozyme 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates and can induce alterations in cardiac repolarization at high exposure levels in sensitive individuals. Inhibition of the intestinal and hepatic CYP3A4 by concomitant drug therapy can lead to unanticipated increases in drug exposure and to clinically significant QT prolongation or, in some cases, serious arrhythmias. Mibefradil, also a CYP3A4 substrate, is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 and P-gp transporter. Concomitant administration of mibefradil with other CYP3A4 and P-gp substrates can lead to increased adverse events of these other drugs by significantly elevating their systemic exposure. The fifth drug, cerivastatin, is a substrate of CYP3A, CYP2C8, and glucuronosyl transferases2. Inhibition of these enzymes may have contributed to the interactions of other co-administered drugs with cerivastatin, which may result in muscle toxicity, or in some cases, rhabdomyolysis.
Phenomenology of Charginos and Neutralinos in the Light Gaugino Scenario

The light gaugino scenario predicts that the lighter chargino mass is less than m_W, gluino and lightest neutralino masses are <~ 1 GeV, and the dominant decay mode of charginos and non-LSP neutralinos is generically to three jets. The excess "4j" events observed by ALEPH in e+ e- annihilation at 133 GeV may be evidence that m(C_1) = 53 GeV. If so, m(N_2) = 110-121 GeV, m(N_2) = 38-63 GeV, m(N_3) = 75-68 GeV; m(sneu_e) is probably ~m(C_1). A detailed analysis of the multi-jet events is needed to exclude this possibility. Consequences for FNAL and higher energy LEP running are given.
Delfina López Sarrelangue, Una villa mexicana en el siglo XVIII. Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe

Resena sobre Delfina Lopez Sarrelangue, Una villa mexicana en el siglo XVIII. Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe , 2a edicion, Mexico, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Investigaciones Historicas / Miguel Angel Porrua, 2005.
The Iris kernel architecture

We describe an architecture for a database system based on an object/function model. The architecture efficiently supports the evaluation of functional expressions. The goal of the architecture is to provide a database system that is powerful enough to support the definition of functions and procedures that implement the semantics of the data model. The architecture has been implemented to support the Iris Database System.
A 35 Mb/s mixed-signal decision-feedback equalizer for disk-drive applications

A 5-tap 35 Mb/s mixed-signal adaptive decision feedback equalizer (DFE) has been implemented in a 2-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. The analog circuits are fully differential. Coefficient adaptation is digital, and two adaptation rates are available. The DFE adapts and equalizes at a clock rate of 35 MHz. It occupies 24 mm/sup 2/ and dissipates 165 mW.
Microwave Measurement of Respiration

A non-contact microwave technique is described which measures respiratory movements of men and animals. The technique is based on the scattering of continuous wave radiation. Results are compared with a thermistor flow transducer for both men and animals, indicating the usefulness of the procedure.
Demonstration of monolithic optical injection locking using a two section DFB laser

A simplified monolithic optical injection locking system using a two section DFB laser is demonstrated. The operating wavelength of the two sections is current tuned to achieve optical injection locking; when locked the modulation bandwidth is increased from 10 GHz to 23 GHz.
Information Integration Theory, Juror Bias, and Sentence Recommendations Captured Over Time in a Capital Trial

Summary Initial juror verdicts have been shown to predict final verdicts, leading researchers to conclude that jurors seek confirmatory information during trial (confirmation bias) or distort information to fit pre-existing biases (pre-decisional distortion). However, Information Integration Theory suggests that individuals are not distorting/ignoring this information, and instead, information influences judgments in the direction of the message. The current study sought to test these competing theories in a juror setting. Mock jurors were presented with the sentencing phase of a capital trial and were asked to give sentence recommendations at eight different time points. Additionally, they were grouped by their pretrial bias as being pro-defense, neutral, or pro-prosecution. Results showed support for Information Integration Theory; although jurors' pretrial bias predicted final sentence, sentence recommendations were affected in the direction of the testimony presented throughout the trial (e.g., pro-defense testimony lowered death penalty decisions across all groups). Implications and future directions are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward a New Administrative Doctrine: Governance and Management for the 1990's

Three successive terms of market-oriented presidents raise difficulties for federal bureaucrats in legitimating past administrative doctrine and practices, which were government-centered. The present article responds to Charles Levine's call for a new administrative doctrine that is more fully descriptive of the needs and routines of today's federal civil servants than a doctrine based on either a liberal or neo-conservative ideology. The author introduces the concept of doctrine into public administration discourse in order to clarify the differences in ideology, doctrine, and practices between an era of top-down liberal progressivism and the era of bottom-up neo-conservative progressivism that dawned with the first Reagan administration. The purpose is to take a first step in describing emerging administrative realities that both traditional bureaucrats and free-marketeers must recognize.
Does tetrahydropapaveroline contribute to the cardiovascular actions of dopamine

Abstract It has been previously shown in vitro that dopamine (DA) in the presence of monoamine oxidase condenses with its corresponding aldehyde (dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde) to yield tetrahydropapaveroline (THP), an isoquinoline derivative structurally related to papaverine, which exhibits β-adrenergic activity. A sensitive method has been developed for the extraction and separation of dopamine-2- 14 C (DA-2- 14 C) and its metabolites by using thin-layer chromatography and liquid scintillation counting. At 2 and 5 min after the i.v. injection of 250 μ/kg of DA-2- 14 C, samples of several guinea pig tissues were analyzed for THP- 14 C. With the exception of the liver, no tissue contained any amount of THP greater than that seen in samples which served as controls for nonenzymatic conversion of DA to THP-like materials during the course of the extraction procedure. An explanation of the failure to detect significant amounts of THP in vivo was found when varying concentrations of DA were incubated with guinea pig liver mitochondria. When 1 mg/ml of DA-2- 14 C was incubated, approximately 15 per cent of the radioactivity was converted to THP in 5 min, while the major metabolite was dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. Incubation in vitro of 0.24 mg/ml of DA-2- 14 C, which more closely approximates the level of DA in vivo after the injection of the above dose, resulted in a conversion of only 3 per cent of the DA to THP. It was concluded that the cardiovascular responses seen with DA are not mediated by THP, since at most only trace amounts were detected. Based on the potency of THP, these amounts are considerably below the quantities of THP necessary to produce the depressor response.
What is a Reciprocity Law

(1972). What is a Reciprocity Law? The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 79, No. 6, pp. 571-586.
Electromagnetic interactions with few-nucleon systems

Abstract Examples of recent measurements with electromagnetic probes in the few-nucleon systems are presented. The discussion begins with the nucleon where there is great activity to better understand the low-momentum transfer properties of its ground and excited states. There have also been particularly noteworthy measurements in the two-nucleon system which push established non-relativistic models with nucleon and meson degrees of freedom at least to their limits. Finally, there is a brief presentation of results in the three-body system and a personal outlook for the future.
Pressure drop caused by abrupt flow area changes in small channels

Abstract Pressure drops caused by abrupt flow area expansion and contraction in small circular channels were experimentally investigated, using air and water at room temperature and near-atmospheric pressure as the working fluids. The larger and smaller tube diameters were 1.6 and 0.84 mm, respectively. Experiments were performed with single-phase gas and liquid, and two-phase mixtures. The parameter ranges were single-phase flow Reynolds numbers in the smaller channel = 870–12,960; flow quality in two-phase flow experiments = 1.9 × 10−3–1.6 × 10−2. In single-phase flow experiments, the expansion and contraction loss coefficients were different for gas and liquid, and with the exception of contraction loss coefficients for water they agreed reasonably with the predictions of the commonly used prediction methods. Contraction loss coefficients for water were slightly larger than theoretical predictions. The measured total two-phase pressure changes indicated the occurrence of significant velocity slip. The assumption of a velocity slip ratio in accordance with minimum entropy production in annular flow regime led to a reasonable agreement between the data and a simple one-dimensional flow theory. An empirical correlation was developed for two-phase flow pressure drop caused by the flow area contraction.
Lattice Thermal Conductivity for a One-Dimensional, Harmonic, Isotopically Disordered Crystal

A formally exact expression for the Kubo thermal conductivity is obtained for an infinite, one-dimensional chain of atoms which are connected by nearest-neighbor, harmonic springs of equal strength, and which are of equal mass except within a finite section of the chain which contains disordered isotopic impurities. The two infinite, isotopically pure regions are used as high- and low-temperature reservoirs which cause an energy flow through the isotopically disordered region, whose thermal conductivity is calculated. It is found that the Kubo thermal conductivity for this model is always finite. Various approximations which allow explicit evaluation of the conductivity are discussed.
Catecholaminergic inhibition by hypercortisolemia in the paraventricular nucleus of conscious rats.

Administration of glucocorticoids decreases the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone and in vitro turnover of norepinephrine (NE) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, and immobilization (IMMO) markedly increases NE release and stimulates corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons in the PVN. This study assessed whether hypercortisolemia affects in vivo indexes of catecholaminergic activation in the PVN. Microdialysis was used to simultaneously measure PVN microdialysate concentrations of NE, the neuronal NE metabolite dihydroxyphenylglycol, the extraneuronal NE metabolite methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol, and the dopamine metabolite dihydroxyphenylacetic acid before, during, and after 2 h of IMMO. Catecholamine synthesis was examined based on elevations of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine levels after local perfusion with NSD-1015, an inhibitor of L-aromatic acid decarboxylase. Cortisol (CORT; 25 mg/kg.day) or vehicle (VEH; saline) was infused sc for 7 days via an osmotic minipump. CORT-treate...
CP determination for new spin zero mesons by the ττ decay mode

Abstract For spin- 0 decay into τ+τ− yielding an observable lepton pair l1l2 from τ ± → l ± ν ν , the full sequential decay correlation function I(E1, E2, cos ψ12) = S + γCPD in the Higgs/technipion rest frame is obtained analytically for massless final leptons where ψ12 is the angle between the l1 and l2 momenta. For fixed ψ12, contour plots of this decay correlation function for MH = 9 GeV show that there is about a 10% difference between γCP = ±. In the near non-relativistic limit where MH ≅ 2mτ the γCP signature is a much larger effect, |D/S| is roughly ∼ 50%. In contrast, the energy correlation function I(E1, E2) does not depend on γCP.
Rights-based Fisheries Management: An Environmentalist Perspective

Fisheries management regimes take many forms, but most fail to designate shares of the catch. This failure creates strong incentives for individuals to maximize their share without regard to long-term sustainability, because the benefits of conservation actions do not accrue to individuals. The competition to maximize catch usually entails excessive capital investments in fishing vessels and gear and intense fishing pressure, resulting in overfishing, high bycatch rates, and the use of large, efficient types of gear that can harm habitat. Managers respond by increasing regulations, but this often exacerbates perverse incentives. In addition, many fisheries could be producing more value than the current system permits, i.e. large quantities of fish are landed during short seasons, forcing fishermen to sell for low prices. Conservation and economic problems facing fisheries can be addressed in an integrated way, by designating access privileges (specifying shares of the catch) to individuals, harvest cooperatives, fishing sectors, communities, or other appropriate entities. Designated Access Privilege (DAP) systems demonstrably end the competition to maximize catch and often result in better conservation and financial performance. The cost of implementing these systems can be relatively high and has been a barrier to better management. However, this doesn’t have to be so. Fisheries could accept investments from a variety of sources and use a portion of the increased financial performance to repay recoverable grants and loans. The key to protecting fish stocks, habitats, and the communities that depend on them will be to implement DAPs that are appropriate for each fishery or community, making investments in sustainability, and creating financing mechanisms that are themselves sustainable, drawing on the increased value that DAP fisheries can produce.
Comparative Tests with Dormant Sprays for San Jose Scale Control

A record of outstanding results obtained for three years (1921-1923) with lime-sulphur and oils as dormant sprays for the control of the San Jose scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus Comst., Lime-sulphur did not give a sufficient kill to check the scale, which corroborated the results obtained by commercial orchardists in southern Indiana. Lime-sulphur is still an effective scale control in most sections of northern Indiana. Dry lime-uslphur was about as effective as the liquid concentrated provided it was used at one and one-half to two times the strength recommended by the manufacturers. Under conditions existing the past few years in most of southern Indiana, the oil sprays are the only ones which have given satisfactory control. These include the miscible oils, "petroleum soaps," and oil emulsions. The summer use of oil emulsion cannot be recommended to take the place of a dormant spray although under certain conditions a summer application materially assists in checking scale.1
Radio advertising: Blip commercials

Abstract In a comparison of the separate effectiveness of a 2-second radio commercial and a 60-second radio commercial for the same well-known product, a 60-second commercial was significantly more effective than the 2-second commercial in generating unaided proven recall of the brand message. However, the combination of the 2-second commercial preceding the 60-second commercial was significantly and greatly more effective than the 60-second commercial alone. These results need to be replicated for generality, but they look promising for the use of radio blip ads as a prime for the full-length radio commercial.
Integrin receptor GPIIb/IIIa bound state conformation of the fibrinogen gamma-chain C-terminal peptide 400-411: NMR and transfer NOE studies

The C-terminal dodecapeptide from human fibrinogen γ-chain, residues 400−411, HHLGGAKQAGDV (γ12), is known to inhibit fibrinogen-mediated platelet cell aggregation via competitive interactions with...
Relationship between anemia, cardiac troponin I, and B-type natriuretic peptide levels and mortality in patients with advanced heart failure

Background Anemia has been associated with worse symptoms and increased mortality in patients with advanced HF. The association between anemia and biomarkers of increased HF risk is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hemoglobin (Hb), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and mortality in patients with advanced heart failure (HF). Methods A cohort of 264 patients with advanced HF referred to a single university HF center was analyzed. Hb, cTnI, and BNP levels were drawn at time of initial evaluation. Patients were divided into groups based on the presence or absence of anemia, detectable cTnI (≥0.04 ng/mL), and elevated BNP (≥485 pg/mL). Results Mean Hb was 13.0 and the values ranged from 7.7 to 17.9 g/dL. Anemic patients were more likely to have elevated BNP (65.7% vs 47.4%, P = .002). Cardiac troponin I levels were detectable in 50.9% and 46.8% of anemic and non-anemic patients, respectively ( P = .3). Anemic patients were at 2.3-fold increased risk of mortality ( P = .04). Low Hb, detectable cTnI, and elevated BNP remained independent predictors of mortality on multivariate analysis. Anemia in the setting of detectable cTnI, elevated BNP, or both, was associated with markedly increased mortality. Conclusions Anemia is associated with elevated BNP and increased mortality in HF. Furthermore, elevation of the cardiac biomarkers, BNP and cTnI, in patients with HF and anemia identifies patients at particularly high risk of future events.
Slow strain-rate embrittlement of niobium by Oxygen

The embrittlement of niobium by oxygen has been studied over the temperature range from 77 to 1100 using tensile specimens containing between 0.09 and 2.31 at. pct oxygen. A slow strain-rate embrittlement was observed in specimens containing more than 0.5 at. pct oxygen that occurred inside the approximate temperature range from 500 to 1000 K. In analogy with the slow strain-rate embrittlement due to hydrogen, a ductile-to-brittle-to-ductile fracture transition was observed; the ductility (reduction in area) decreased with decreasing strain-rate; the ductility decreased with increasing oxygen concentration; and a fracture morphology involving both intergranular and transgranular modes was observed. The transgranular mode, which was the predominant one, resembled cleavage.
Chiral separation of amino acids by capillary electrophoresis with octyl-β-thioglucopyranoside as chiral selector

1-S-Octyl-beta-D-thioglucopyranoside (OTG) was evaluated as a chiral selector for the separation of dansyl-amino acids by capillary electrophoresis. Enantiomeric separations of the amino acids can be accomplished by judiciously adjusting the pH of the solution and the concentration of OTG. Better separation can be achieved, however, when OTG is used, not as a sole chiral selector but rather together with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cyclodextrin (CD). Interestingly, not only can this OTG-SDS-CD system provide better separation than OTG alone but also it can separate compounds which cannot be separated when only CD or CD and SDS are used. All amino acids were baseline separated with this OTG-SDS-CD system at optimal conditions.
Sexual coercion in gay male and lesbian relationships: Predictors and implications for support services

Numerous studies have documented the prevalence of forced sex in heterosexual couples. Positive effects of this research include increases in awareness about the problem among helping professionals and the public, as well as increases in support services and prevention programs. However, no research has been done on sexual coercion in gay male and lesbian relationships, and few support services exist. Therefore, this study is an investigation of the prevalence and correlates of coercive sex in gay male and lesbian relationships. Participants were 36 women and 34 men who were in gay or lesbian relationships. The results indicated that 12% of the gay men and 31% of the lesbians reported being victims of forced sex by their current or most recent partners. The higher reporting rate among women may be due to greater awareness of issues pertaining to sexual abuse, and greater likelihood of identifying various forms of coercion as force. For men, being a victim of forced sex was generally associated with being ...
Beam profile measurements and transverse phase-space reconstruction on the relativistic heavy-ion collider

Abstract The Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Lab was commissioned during the summer of 1999. Transverse beam profiles on RHIC are measured with ionization profile monitors (IPMs). An IPM measures beam profiles by collecting the electrons liberated by residual gas ionization by the beam. The detector is placed in the gap of a dipole magnet to force the electrons to travel in straight lines from the beamline center to the collector. One IPM was tested and it measured the profiles of a single gold bunch containing 108 ions on consecutive turns. We show an example of one of these profiles giving transverse emittance. Several profiles are assembled into a mountain-range plot which shows betatron oscillations at injection. Finally, we use tomographic techniques to reconstruct the beam transverse phase space at two times in the early beam store.
Ferredoxin-dependent chloroplast enzymes.

Article de synthese traitant des proprietes biochimiques et structurales des ferredoxines des cyanobacteries, algues et plantes superieures. Analyse de leurs roles fonctionnels dans les reactions photosynthetiques, en particulier dans les mecanismes d'action des enzymes NADP + : ferredoxine oxidoreductase, thioredoxine reductase, nitrite reductase et glutamate synthase, en tant que donneurs d'electrons
Host Status of Grapefruit and Valencia Oranges for Anastrepha serpentina and Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae)

ABSTRACT Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is sporadically captured in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Although its preferred hosts are in the Sapotaceae family, several varieties of Citrus, including grapefruit and oranges are listed as alternate hosts. Although Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), is known to be a major pest of Citrus, doubt exists as to the status of Citrus as a breeding host for A. serpentina. To evaluate the host status of commercial Citrus for A. serpentina we compared oviposition and development with that of A. ludens under laboratory conditions with ‘Rio Red’ grapefruit (Citrus paradisi MacFayden) and ‘Valencia’ oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] in different stages of maturity. Both fly species oviposited in early season fruit in which the eggs and larvae died in the fruit albedo. Survival of either species to the adult stage occurred in later season grapefruit. In oranges, no A. serpentina larvae survived compared with 150 A. ludens surviving to...
The centromere region of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 1 contains telomere-similar sequences

We describe the structure of an Arabidopsis thaliana genomic clone containing two classes of repetitive DNA elements derived from the centromere region of chromosome 1. One class is comprised of tandem arrays of a highly reiterated repeat containing degenerate telomere sequence motifs. Adjacent to these telomere-similar repeats we found a dispersed repetitive element reiterated approximately five times in the A. thaliana genome. The nucleotide sequence of the dispersed repeat is unusual, being extremely AT-rich and composed of numerous, overlapping repeat motifs.
Wave energy resources along the Hawaiian Island chain

Abstract Hawaii's access to the ocean and remoteness from fuel supplies has sparked an interest in ocean waves as a potential resource to meet the increasing demand for sustainable energy. The wave resources include swells from distant storms and year-round seas generated by trade winds passing through the islands. This study produces 10 years of hindcast data from a system of mesoscale atmospheric and spectral wave models to quantify the wind and wave climate as well as nearshore wave energy resources in Hawaii. A global WAVEWATCH III (WW3) model forced by surface winds from the Final Global Tropospheric Analysis (FNL) reproduces the swell and seas from the far field and a nested Hawaii WW3 model with high-resolution winds from the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model capture the local wave processes. The Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) model nested inside Hawaii WW3 provides data in coastal waters, where wave energy converters are being considered for deployment. The computed wave heights show good agreement with data from satellites and buoys. Bi-monthly median and percentile plots show persistent trade winds throughout the year with strong seasonal variation of the wave climate. The nearshore data shows modulation of the wave energy along the coastline due to the undulating volcanic island bathymetry and demonstrates its importance in selecting suitable sites for wave energy converters.
Riesz bases of solutions of Sturm-Liouville equations

This article concerns the stability of orthogonal bases of solutions of Sturm-Liouville equations with different types of initial conditions. The investigation is based on the stability of Riesz bases of cosines and sines in the Hibert space L2[0,π].
The prevalence of mitral valve prolapse in patients with Down's syndrome: Implications for dental management

Eighty-three noninstitutionalized patients with Down's syndrome, aged 9 to 55 years, were randomly selected to receive echocardiograms. Forty-one patients had echocardiographic findings indicative of mitral valve prolapse, and 15 of these patients lacked associated auscultatory findings. Because mitral valve prolapse can predispose patients to bacterial endocarditis after bacteremia-producing dental procedures, these findings suggest that if auscultatory findings alone are used, a significant number of patients with Down's syndrome who are at risk for endocarditis may not be currently identified in the course of routine clinical practice.
Postoperative adjuvant irradiation with or without chemotherapy for rectal carcinoma

p atients with rectal carcinoma who are candidates for adjuvant treatment, in spite of complete surgical resection with negative margins, are those with a moderate to high risk of local or systemic failure or decreased survival when treated with surgery alone. The high-risk factors include primary tumor extension beyond the rectal wall, involved nodes, or both (Dukes' stage B or C; Astler-Coller B2, Cl, or C2; modified Astler-Coller B2.3, C1.3; TNM T3-4 NO, Tis-4 N1-3). The ideal adjuvant treatment for resectable highrisk rectal cancer would preferably decrease both local and systemic failures, increase both disease-free and overall survival, and accomplish such with acceptable tolerance. At the 1990 National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference on Adjuvant Therapy of Large Bowel Cancer, 1 the efficacy of adjuvant treatment for rectal cancer was evaluated by outcomes of three scientific endpoints: (1) incidence of pelvic (local) recurrence, (2) disease-free survival (time to relapse), and (3) overall survival. Inclusion of local recurrence as a separate endpoint is based on the significant morbidity of pelvic recurrence 2 and the difficulty in achieving subsequent salvage for cure. Standard treatment of pelvic recurrence results in short-term palliation (usually 6 to 12 months) and infrequent cure. 3 Although distant metastases result in less patient months of morbidity than local recurrence in high-risk patients treated with surgery alone, 2 subsequent cure can be achieved only when solitary or adjacent metastases can be resected. Reduction in the incidence of distant metastases with effective systemic adjuvants would be a justifiable separate endpoint in future trials.
Prognostic value of exercise echocardiography: validation of a new risk index combining echocardiographic, treadmill, and exercise electrocardiographic parameters.

Abstract Exercise (Ex) echocardiography has been shown to have significant prognostic power, independent of other known predictors of risk from an Ex stress test. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a risk index, incorporating echocardiographic and conventional Ex variables, for a more comprehensive risk stratification and identification of a very low–risk group. Two consecutive, mutually exclusive populations referred for treadmill Ex echocardiography with the Bruce protocol were investigated: hypothesis-generating (388 patients; 268 males; age 55 ± 13 years) and hypothesis-testing (105 patients; 61 males age: 54 ± 14 years). Cardiac events included cardiac death, myocardial infarction, late revascularization (>90 days), hospital admission for unstable angina, and admission for heart failure. Mean follow-up in the hypothesis-generating population was 3.1 years. There were 38 cardiac events. Independent predictors of events by multivariate analysis were: Ex wall motion score index (odds ratio [OR] = 2.77/Unit; P P = .002); and treadmill time (OR = 0.87/min; P = .037). A risk index was generated on the basis of the multivariate Cox regression model as: risk index=1.02 (Ex wall motion score index) + 1.04 (S-T change) − 0.14 (treadmill time). The validity of this index was tested in the hypothesis-testing population. Event rates at 3 years were lowest (0%) in the lower quartile of risk index (−1.22 to −0.47), highest (29.6%) in the upper quartile (+0.66 to +2.02), and intermediate (19.2% to 15.3%) in the intermediate quartiles. The OR of the risk index for predicting cardiac events was 2.94/Unit ([95% confidence interval: 1.4 to 6.2]; P = .0043). Echocardiographic and Ex parameters are independent powerful predictors of cardiac events after treadmill stress testing. A risk index can be derived with these parameters for a more comprehensive risk stratification with Ex echocardiography.
Scalable synchronization of clocks in wireless sensor networks

In many sensor-based applications, identifying the sequence of event occurrence is useful. When local clocks lack synchronizations, it is difficult or time-consuming to determine the order of event occurrence. In this paper, we first describe a centralized method for pseudo-synchronizing non-base clocks to a base clock. The pseudo-shift between a pair of non-base/base clocks is estimated by the difference of the occurrence times of pairs of events included in direct ''happened-before'' relations that only involve this pair of sensors. Evaluation results suggest that this method can closely make non-base clocks synchronized with a base clock without violating the direct ''happened-before'' relations. The centralized pseudo-synchronization method demands a O(N^3) computational overhead on the base sensor in a network of N sensors. Then, in order to distribute the computational overhead across all sensors, a localized pseudo-synchronization method is proposed by taking advantage of the topologies of wireless sensor networks.