cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Empirical Models for Permanent Deformation of Subgrade Soils from the Data Collected at the Pavement Subgrade Performance Study

AbstractA national pooled-fund study supported by 19 states, the Federal Highway Administration, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers was conducted at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in Hanover, New Hampshire. The study, titled the Pavement Subgrade Performance Study (PSPS), aimed to develop failure criteria and prediction models for permanent deformation in the subgrade soil that incorporate the effects of soil type and moisture content. Full-scale pavement structures were built with the same crushed stone base and asphalt concrete surface layers on top of five subgrade soils. The soils were placed and compacted at three in situ moisture contents: the optimum and two other contents above the optimum. The pavements were subjected to full-scale accelerated pavement testing. An extensive volume of response and performance data was collected in the study. This paper presents the development of empirical models for permanent deformation of subgr...
Helical structure, stability, and dynamics in human apolipoprotein E3 and E4 by hydrogen exchange and mass spectrometry.

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a critical role in cholesterol transport in both peripheral circulation and brain. Human apoE is a polymorphic 299-residue protein in which the less common E4 isoform differs from the major E3 isoform only by a C112R substitution. ApoE4 interacts with lipoprotein particles and with the amyloid-β peptide, and it is associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular and Alzheimer’s disease. To understand the structural basis for the differences between apoE3 and E4 functionality, we used hydrogen−deuterium exchange coupled with a fragment separation method and mass spectrometric analysis to compare their secondary structures at near amino acid resolution. We determined the positions, dynamics, and stabilities of the helical segments in these two proteins, in their normal tetrameric state and in mutation-induced monomeric mutants. Consistent with prior X-ray crystallography and NMR results, the N-terminal domain contains four α-helices, 20 to 30 amino acids long. The C-terminal domain is relatively unstructured in the monomeric state but forms an α-helix ∼70 residues long in the self-associated tetrameric state. Helix stabilities are relatively low, 4 kcal/mol to 5 kcal/mol, consistent with flexibility and facile reversible unfolding. Secondary structure in the tetrameric apoE3 and E4 isoforms is similar except that some helical segments in apoE4 spanning residues 12 to 20 and 204 to 210 are unfolded. These conformational differences result from the C112R substitution in the N-terminal helix bundle and likely relate to a reduced ability of apoE4 to form tetramers, thereby increasing the concentration of functional apoE4 monomers, which gives rise to its higher lipid binding compared with apoE3.
Predicting Medical Provider Specialties to Detect Anomalous Insurance Claims

The healthcare industry is a complex system with many moving parts. One issue in this field is the misuse of medical insurance systems, such as Medicare. In this paper, we build a machine learning model to detect when physicians exhibit anomalous behavior in their medical insurance claims. This new research has the potential to give some insight in determining if, and when, physicians are acting outside the norm of their respective specialty, which could indicate misuse, fraud, or lack of knowledge around billing procedures. We use a publicly available procedure billing dataset, released by the U. S. Medicare system. Due to the large size of the dataset, we sampled the dataset to include all physicians practicing within one state only. The model uses the multinomial Naive Bayes algorithm and is evaluated by calculating precision, recall, and Fscore with 5-fold cross-validation. The model is able to successfully predict several classes of physicians with an F-score over 0.9. These results show that it is possible to effectively use machine learning in a novel way to classify physicians into their respective fields solely using the procedures they bill for. This research provides a model that can identify physicians who are potentially misusing insurance systems for further investigation.
Reflecting on care: Using reflective journaling to evaluate interprofessional education and clinical practicum experiences in two urban primary care clinics

Abstract This paper presents the findings of a study that integrated reflective journaling into an interprofessional primary care clinical rotation to evaluate student experiences with the Interprofessional Education Collaborative (IPEC) core competencies. Student teams consisting of students from three different health profession programs (advanced practice nursing, pharmacy, and dentistry) were placed in primary care clinics to provide team-based care and led monthly case conferences focused on interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP). Students completed an online weekly reflective journaling assignment, guided by four structured questions derived from the IPEC core competencies. Overall, 171 journal entries from 57 students were analyzed for themes correlating with the IPEC competency domains. The students' reflective journaling helped reaffirm several assumptions and observations regarding student experiences with IPE in addition to revealing insights that were not entirely expected. Students noted mostly positive experiences within the Roles & Responsibilities and Interprofessional Communication domains. Reflections on Teams/Teamwork emphasized the importance of clinic space, workflow and team makeup/consistency in facilitating teamwork. The Value/Ethics domain resulted in the least number of entries suggesting more deliberate instruction and direction may be beneficial for students. Other institutions looking to develop IPE experiences in primary care should consider using reflective journaling (specifically using the IPEC core competencies to frame the questions) as part of evaluating the student experiences.
Effective Use of Amniotic Membrane in Ocular Surface Disease

Amniotic membrane is one of the most frequently used tissues in ocular surface surgery. The most common surgical application is for conjunctival replacement in ocular surface reconstruction or as a graft/bandage for persistent corneal epithelial defects. In recent years, it has also been introduced into the outpatient clinic in the form of self-retaining devices or discs secured under a bandage contact lens. The following cases highlight the most effective uses of amniotic membrane in patients with ocular surface disease.
Effect of electrode charge balance on the energy storage performance of hybrid supercapacitor cells based on LiFePO 4 as Li-ion battery electrode and activated carbon

Hybrid supercapacitors using asymmetric, LiFePO4 (LFP) lithium intercalation and electric double layer activated carbon (AC) electrodes combining the high energy battery ability and high power supercapacitor ability in one device are reported. In AC/Li half-cell, AC electrode has 44.5 mAh g−1 capacity and operative voltage > 2 V (Li/Li+) to exhibit supercapacitor-like ion adsorption mechanism. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and charge/discharge (CD) analysis on AC||LFP hybrid cells with AC/LFP mass ratio, 0.33, 1.2, 1.93, and 3.19, show the transformation from a redox reaction dominated like in battery to a system in which both faradaic redox and the physical electrostatic adsorption processes forming electric double layer are fully balanced in terms of stored charges on both electrodes. The capacity analysis by discharge at different rates shows the high capacity of 125 and 70 mAh g−1 with steep fall at high rates for AC/LFP mass ratios 0.33 and 1.2, respectively. With a specific capacity of ~ 40 mAh g−1, the hybrid cells with AC/LFP mass ratios 1.93 and 3.19 show significant capacity retention at high rates. Optimized by charge balance, the AC||LFP hybrid cell exhibits a high specific energy of 35 Wh kg−1, a high specific power of 1.69 kW kg−1, and a long cycling life.
The Leadership Styles of Jesus as Found in the Four Gospels

This chapter examined the four gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) for evidence of what leadership style Jesus used in each person-to-person encounter in which the authors sought to see if Jesus used servant leadership as the dominant/only leadership style. The evidence from each gospel shows that Jesus least used style was Servant Leadership with the styles of (a) autocratic, (b) paternalistic/clan, and (c) (charismatic) vying for the most commonly ascribed style. The evidence reported in the study shows Jesus as a situational leader using the appropriate style given the situation. In addition, the focus of the author of each Gospel may affect the type of leadership style described in each gospel.
Conjugates of ursodeoxycholate protect against cholestasis and hepatocellular necrosis caused by more hydrophobic bile salts. In vivo studies in the rat.

Abstract The protective effect of ursodeoxycholate conjugates against bile salt hepatotoxicity was studied in chronic bile fistula rats. Taurochenodeoxycholate or taurodeoxycholate, infused intraduodenally at 24 or 16 μmol/100 g rat per hour, respectively, caused cholestasis and severe hepatocellular necrosis within 8 hours. In contrast, tauroursodeoxycholate or taurocholate at 48 μmol/100 g rat per hour were choleretic. Tauroursodeoxycholate was not hepatotoxic, whereas taurocholate produced moderate hepatocellular necrosis. Simultaneous infusion of tauroursodeoxycholate to rats receiving taurochenoxycholate or taurodeoxycholate preserved bile flow and ameliorated hepatic injury in a dose-dependent manner. Tauroursodeoxycholate protected equally by intravenous and intraduodenal routes. Intravenous glycoursodeoxycholate also was protective. The hydrophobicity index of infused bile salts correlated well with their toxicity. Concurrent administration of ursodeoxycholate conjugates did not reduce biliary recovery of intraduodenally infused [24- 14 C]-taurocholate. Biliary alkaline phosphatase secretion was stimulated by infusion of taurocholate, taurodeoxycholate, or taurochenodeoxycholate; simultaneous infusion of ursodeoxycholate conjugates failed to prevent this increase. We conclude that ursodeoxycholate counteracts hepatotoxicity of more hydrophobic bile salts via a direct effect at the level of the liver.
Prosthetic Advances in Lower Extremity Amputation

The advent of new lighter-weight and flexible materials has been a major factor in the advancement of prosthetic designs. The prosthetic socket design is ultimately the most important development for the amputee patient because it is the site of the critical amputee-socket interface. High-tech components can be added to a prosthesis but will not have the desired effect unless the socket is efficient and comfortable. The emphasis, therefore, has been on developing socket designs that are anatomically correctly contoured to bone and muscle at every major prosthetic level.
Nicotinic Receptors in the Brain: Novel Approaches to the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Tobacco products have been popular for hundreds of years because tobacco leaves contain large amounts of nicotine, a psychoactive drug. Nicotine evokes a surprisingly wide range of emotions and sensations in humans, including excitement, an enhancement of alertness that improves learning and memory, and in habituated individuals, relaxation. Unfortunately, nicotine is also an extremely addictive substance that produces intense drug seeking and self-destructive behavior. When asked, about 80 percent of smokers say they would like to quit but have found it impossible, even though they are fully aware that they are risking cancer, emphysema, and cardiovascular disease by continuing to smoke.
Outcomes of Metastatic Brain Lesions Treated with Radioactive Cs-131 Seeds after Surgery: Experience from One Institution

Introduction Brain metastases are common in patients with advanced systemic cancer and often recur despite treatment with surgical resection and radiotherapy. Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) have significantly improved local control rates but are limited by complications including neurocognitive deficits and radiation necrosis. These risks can be higher in the re-irradiation setting. Brachytherapy may be an alternative method of additional targeted adjuvant radiotherapy with acceptable rates of toxicity. Methods A retrospective chart review of all patients undergoing resection for metastatic brain lesions and permanent low-dose rate Cs-131 brachytherapy was performed for one institution over a 10-year period. All patients had previous radiation therapy already and, after surgery, were followed with imaging every three months. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, intracranial disease, peri- and post-operative complications, and outcomes were recorded. The primary outcome of interest was local tumor recurrence at the site of brachytherapy while secondary outcomes included distant disease progression (within the brain) and complications such as radiation necrosis. Results During the study period, nine cases of individual patients met inclusion criteria. The median preoperative lesion diameter was 3 cm (0.8-4.1). The median overall survival after surgery and brachytherapy was 10.3 months, after excluding two patients who were lost to follow-up. Six of nine patients had no local recurrence, while three patients had development or progression of distant lesions. No patients experienced acute or delayed complications. Conclusion Cs-131 brachytherapy is a promising alternative method for controlling brain metastases after previous radiation interventions and surgical resection. In this case series, there were no incidences of local tumor recurrence or complications such as radiation necrosis.
Recent advances in the design of optical wireless data center networks

Most Data Center Networks (DCNs) deployed today can be classified as wired DCNs in which copper and optical fiber cables are used for intra- and inter-rack connections in the network. Despite recent advances, wired DCNs face two inevitable problems; cabling complexity and hotspots. To address these problems, recent research works suggest the incorporation of wireless communication technology into DCNs. Wireless links can be used to either augment conventional wired DCNs, or to realize a pure wireless DCN. Moreover, wireless links can be fixed or reconfigurable. Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) [also known as free space optical (FSO) communication] and 60 GHz radio frequency (RF) are the two key candidate technologies for implementing wireless links in DCNs. In this paper, we focus our discussion on OWC-based wireless DCNs. We review and summarize major research in this area until 2018. We also discuss open questions and future research directions in the area of OWCs.
Variable responses of dissolved organic carbon to precipitation events in boreal drinking water lakes.

Abstract In boreal regions, increased concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) have been linked to extreme wet years; however, less is known about the extent to which precipitation events are altering DOC concentration and quality. We assessed the effects of rain events on a suite of six lakes in Maine, U.S.A., to better understand how events alter DOC quantity and quality. DOC concentrations and DOC quality (measured as DOC-specific absorption coefficients (Specific Ultraviolet Absorbance (SUVA254 (also a*254), a*320, and a*380)) were quantified 24 h before, and at three time points (24–48 h, 5–7 days, and 3 weeks) after five different precipitation events. Our results revealed three types of responses across the lakes: (1) an initial spike in DOC concentrations of 30–133% and in the three quality metrics of 20–86% compared to pre-storm levels, followed by return to pre-storm concentrations; (2) a sustained increase in DOC concentrations (by 4–23%) and an increase in the three DOC quality metrics (by 1–43%) through the second post-storm sampling, with concentrations falling by the third post-storm sampling compared to pre-storm levels; and (3) no change during all sampling periods. Lake residence time was a key driver of changes in DOC concentration and DOC quality in response to storm events. Our research provides evidence that precipitation events contribute to short-term abrupt changes in DOC quantity and quality that are largely driven by key landscape and lake characteristics. These changes in DOC may have important implications for management of water utilities, including alteration or implementation of treatment strategies.
Psychiatric Medications and Stigmatizing Attitudes in College Students.

Research suggests that biological explanations of mental illness include the promotion of the effectiveness of medication, and that such explanations lead to greater attributions of responsibility ...
Imaging Neutral Particle Analyzer (INPA) measurements of confined fast ions in DIII-D

A novel imaging neutral particle analyzer (INPA) which provides energy-resolved radial profiles of confined fast ions on the DIII-D tokamak is discussed. The INPA measures charge-exchanged energetic neutrals by viewing an "active" neutral beam through a 1D pinhole camera with a rear collimating slit that defines the neutral particle collection sightlines. The incident neutrals are ionized by 10 nm thick carbon stripping foils and the local tokamak magnetic field acts as a magnetic spectrometer to disperse ions onto a phosphor scintillator. A fast (160 Hz) CCD camera provides 2D images of the escaping neutrals mapped to energy and radial position in the plasma. The INPA typically probes passing orbits with an energy resolution of ≈7.5 keV (E= 20−80 keV) and a spatial resolution that ranges from 4 cm half width at half max (HWHM) in the core to 3 cm at the plasma edge. The INPA clearly resolves fast ion transport in localized regions of phase space due to individual sawteeth and a replenishing before each event. Extension to proton and triton DD fusion product measurements in high-performance DIII-D plasmas is analyzed and simulations show peak signals which are 10−6 lower than that from neutral beam ions for the same configuration. Possible modifications to increase fusion product signals are discussed along with upgrades to improve the overall diagnostic performance.
A new species of the live-bearing fish genus Poeciliopsis from northern Mexico (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae).

Poeciliopsis jackschultzi sp. nov., is described based on seven specimens (17.9-26.7 mm SL) from the Rio Concepcion (also known as Rio Magdalena), Sonora, Mexico. The new species belongs to the Leptorhaphis species group and can be distinguished from other members of this group by features of the skeleton and colouration. The new species is sympatric with P. occidentalis, a hybridogenetic all-female biotype P. monacha-occidentalis, and hybrids between P. monacha-occidentalis females and P. jackschultzi males. The distribution of P. jackschultzi is highly restricted, and the main habitat, spring-fed marshy streams and pools, is susceptible to loss and degradation in a desert environment with increasing human water demand.
Frame by Frame : A Materialist Aesthetics of Animated Cartoons

Edited and with an introduction by Daniel Morgan Foreword by Tom Gunning In this beautifully written and deeply researched study, Hannah Frank provides an original way to understand American animated cartoons from the Golden Age of animation (1920–1960). In the pre-digital age of the twentieth century, the making of cartoons was mechanized and standardized: thousands of drawings were inked and painted onto individual transparent celluloid sheets (called “cels”) and then photographed in succession, a labor-intensive process that was divided across scores of artists and technicians. In order to see the art, labor, and technology of cel animation, Frank slows cartoons down to look frame by frame, finding hitherto unseen aspects of the animated image. What emerges is both a methodology and a highly original account of an art formed on the assembly line. “A thrilling read—one of the most exuberant, brilliant books I’ve come across in a very long time. I have lived with many of the cartoons Hannah Frank analyzes for pretty much my entire life and never suspected the hidden life or lives within their images, the inscription of histories (social, personal, technological, aesthetic) in which, it turns out, they abound.” SCOTT BUKATMAN, Stanford University “Frank’s work is deeply refreshing in its ability to think across and weave together different strands of the debates about animation that have arisen to date. These are big conversations, and Frank is impressive in her ability to think lucidly across them in such fluent and productive ways.” KAREN REDROBE, University of Pennsylvania HANNAH FRANK (1984–2017) was Assistant Professor of Film Studies at the University of North Carolina Wilmington. Her work has been published in Critical Quarterly and Animation: An Interdisciplinary Journal, and she contributed to A World Redrawn: Eisenstein and Brecht in Hollywood. DANIEL MORGAN is Associate Professor of Cinema and Media Studies at the University of Chicago and is author of Late Godard and the Possibilities of Cinema.
Surf zone microbiological water quality following emergency beach nourishment using sediments from a catastrophic debris flow.

Abstract Urban disaster response requires disposal of complex wastes. This study regards a case wherein high intensity rainfall fell over a remote mountainous area previously burned by wildfire, generating debris flows that devastated a downstream town. Sanitary sewers and homes with septic systems were damaged, releasing human waste into the debris flow field. Contaminated sediments, with their high fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations, were cleared from public rights-of-way and creek channels by local authorities, then disposed onto distant Goleta Beach for beach nourishment, causing immediate surf zone microbiological water quality exceedances. To determine potential public health threats, disposed sediments and surf zone waters were sampled and analyzed—relative to reference samples of mountain soil and raw sewage—for FIB, pathogens, human (HF183) and other host- (Gull2 TaqMan, and DogBact) associated DNA-based fecal markers, and bacterial community 16S rRNA gene sequences. Approximately 20% of disposed sediment samples contained the HF183 marker; sequencing suggested that all samples were contaminated by sewage. In an initial sediment disposal period, surf zone waters harbored intestinal bacterial sequences that were shared with disposed sediments and sewage. Yet surf zone bacterial communities returned to mostly marine clades within weeks. Taken together, multiple conventional and DNA-based analyses informed this forensic assessment of human waste contamination. In the future, similar analyses could be used earlier in disaster response to guide sediment disposal decisions towards continuously protecting beachgoer health.
Purkinje Cell Activity and the Conditioned Nictitating Membrane Response

In 1980 our colleague John E. Desmond (Desmond et al., 1981) discovered that a small unilateral lesion of the dorsolateral pons (DLP) could completely and irretrievably eliminate a previously acquired conditioned response (CR). As in all our behavioural studies, the CR was the classically conditioned nictitating membrane (NM) response of the rabbit. The NM response is a passive consequence of defensive or protective retraction of the eyeball. In a typical experiment, the animal is given 100 pairings/day of a tone conditioned stimulus (CS) with mild electrostimulation of one eye as an unconditioned stimulus (US). The onsets of the two stimuli are separated by a few hundred msec, and these pairings or trials are separated by 15-30 sec. Conditioned responses are extensions of the NM occurring within the CS-US interval. A CR typically consists of a graded movement of the membrane in a naso-temporal direction with full extension coinciding with US onset. CRs typically begin to emerge within a hundred or so trials. Desmond’s discovery was accidental because he was attempting to lesion the locus coeruleus, a structure lying just medial to the lesion that eliminated CRs. Earlier lesion and ablation studies had shown that brain regions rostral to the midbrain are not essential for NM conditioning (Moore, 1979; Moore et al., 1980; see also Mauk and Thompson, 1987).
Theory of Registered and Antiregistered Phase Separation in Mixed Amphiphilic Bilayers

Wide interest in the phase behaviour of amphiphilic bilayers has arisen since the realisation that it can be exploited by nature, and engineers, to design-in function via membrane domains. A key confounding feature is the presence of two separate, yet coupled, leaflets within the bilayer. The question of inter-leaflet domain alignment (registration) or otherwise is central to proposed cellular roles such as protein localisation and, more fundamentally, creates a zoo of phase behaviour that can only be captured by properly considering the coupled leaflets. Experiment and simulation yield intriguingly disparate observations, but a full theoretical picture is lacking; existing phenomenological theories provide insight but do not link large-scale behaviour to small-scale features. We introduce a theory for phase separation in coupled leaflets by explicitly coarse-graining a lattice model that includes molecule-level structuring and interactions. We show that accounting for hydrophobic mismatch between the mixed species leads to a complex competition of inter-leaflet coupling energies. The free energy obtained helps unify some prima facie contradictory observations by showing that domain antiregistration typically occurs as a metastable state, but can be kinetically preferred during the initial demixing of a bilayer. The role of kinetics in governing registration/antiregistration is explored, and we find that a bilayer in the usual “spinodal region” may in fact require a nucleation process to equilibrate. Our results provide a tractable coarse-grained model that explicitly depends on simplified molecular interactions, providing novel insight and encouraging important future work in which the intra- and inter-leaflet behaviour of mixed bilayers is carefully investigated.Reference: J. J. Williamson and P. D. Olmsted, arXiv:1408.2744 (in preparation).
Mentoring in Radiologic Science.

Mentoring occurs every day in the workplace, as experienced employees (mentors) help guide inexperienced ones (proteges) toward a common goal. Both the mentor and protege possess hallmark characteristics that contribute to a successful mentorship. The typology of mentoring includes formal versus informal, as well as group, one-on-one, peer, remote, and invisible mentors. The benefits of these mentorships can impact students, inexperienced employees, health care institutions, education institutions, patient care, and the mentors themselves. Finally, there are recommendations for fostering mentoring for educators and managers.
Could cellular and signaling abnormalities converge to provoke atopic dermatitis

Diverse inherited and acquired abnormalities in epidermal structural and enzymatic proteins compromise permeability, barrier function and antimicrobial defense in atopic dermatitis (AD). Though several mutations in filaggrin (FLG) predominate, alterations in other S-100, cornified envelope precursor proteins (hornerin [HRNR], filaggrin 2 [FLG2], SPRR3, mattrin) which regulate lamellar body formation; SPINK5, which encodes the serine protease inhibitor, LEKTI1, and a fatty acid transporter, FATP4, are all separately associated with an AD phenotype. Exogenous and endogenous stressors, such as prolonged psychological stress, a low environmental humidity, or exposure to basic soaps and surfactants can further compromise barrier function and are often required to trigger disease. In the immunologists' view, the barrier abnormality is relevant only because it allows antigen and pathogen access, while stimulating Th2 cytokine production. These proteins in turn downregulate lipid synthetic enzyme and antimicrobial peptide levels, as well as multiple epidermal structural proteins, including filaggrin. Each inherited and acquired abnormality can independently compromise lamellar body secretion production, resulting in defective lamellar membrane organization and antimicrobial defense. Furthermore, elevated pH of the SC is critical for AD pathogenesis, compromising post-secretory lipid processing, while also enhancing inflammation. There are various therapeutic options that interdict different stages in this pathogenic paradigm.
RETIREMENT AND FLOW: CAN THE CASUAL LEISURE PURSUITS OF OLDER ADULTS IN RETIREMENT CREATE THE EXPERIENCE OF FLOW?

This study examines the casual leisure activities of older adults and their potential to create flow experiences. Using a qualitative approach, the study found that participants often choose leisur...
Biomechanical Stability of the Sacroiliac Joint with Differing Implant Configurations in a Synthetic Model.

ABSTRACT Background The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is responsible for 15%–30% of chronic low back pain and fusion is increasingly used to alleviate chronic SIJ pain in adults. However, questions remain as to the most effective implant patterns to stabilize the joint. The objective of this biomechanical study was to evaluate how different implant spacing, configuration and quantity effect range of motion (ROM) of a synthetic foam SIJ model. Methods Triangular SIJ fusion implants were tested in six patterns using three implants, and two patterns with two implants (n = 5/pattern). Linear, triangular, and angled (10° or 20°) implant patterns were used with spacing of 13 or 22 mm between implants. Implants were placed through a denser polyurethane foam block (0.32 g/cm3) representing the ilium and into a less dense block representing the sacrum (0.16 g/cm3) to a depth 30 mm with a 2-mm gap between blocks. Cyclic torsion and shear testing were conducted for 10,000 cycles and ROM was recorded. Pullout testing was conducted on non-cycled (n = 10) implants and individually on all implants after construct cycling. Results ROM was significantly lower for all 22-mm implant patterns compared to the 13 mm linear pattern after cyclic loading in both torsion and shear. The use of three implants provided 60% and 86% greater stability, respectively, than two implants with spacing of 22 and 13 mm. Pullout resistance followed similar trends with the lowest forces occurring in closely spaced patterns that used two implants. Conclusions This study demonstrated that the use of three implants and maximizing the spacing between implants might provide greater stability to the SIJ. If implants must be placed loosely, then nonlinear patterns may improve construct stability.
Federal Policy Trends/Issues

This essay will discuss political trends /issues impacting community college in the 21st century. To conclude the essay will advise 21st century leaders on how to effectively deal with federal politics. According to AASCU Government Relations and Policy Analysis Division, 2019” public higher education face immediate political changes in 2019, as 20 states have a new governor taking office the 2018 midterm elections. These new chef executives will chart the direction of state higher education into the next decade”.
Determining Translocation Orientations of Nucleic Acid Helicases

Abstract Helicase enzymes translocate along an RNA or DNA template with a defined polarity to unwind, separate, or remodel duplex strands for a variety of genome maintenance processes. Helicase mutations are commonly associated with a variety of diseases including aging, cancer, and neurodegeneration. Biochemical characterization of these enzymes has provided a wealth of information on the kinetics of unwinding and substrate preferences, and several high-resolution structures of helicases alone and bound to oligonucleotides have been solved. Together, they provide mechanistic insights into the structural translocation and unwinding orientations of helicases. However, these insights rely on structural inferences derived from static snapshots. Instead, continued efforts should be made to combine structure and kinetics to better define active translocation orientations of helicases. This review explores many of the biochemical and biophysical methods utilized to map helicase binding orientation to DNA or RNA substrates and includes several time-dependent methods to unequivocally map the active translocation orientation of these enzymes to better define the active leading and trailing faces.
Barriers to optimal breast milk provision in the neonatal intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE This study examines comprehensive patient and process factors that influence breast milk use in the NICU setting. STUDY DESIGN We examined the association of maternal, neonatal, and family factors and lactation support systems to identify gaps in breast milk use in a retrospective study of 865 infants born in 23-41 weeks gestation admitted to the NICU. RESULTS Breast milk at discharge for all infants was 89.3%, for extremely preterm 82.3%, moderately preterm 91.4%, late preterm 86.5%, and term 92.7%. Prematurity (OR 0.31 [0.17-0.56]), low birth weight, morbidities, Black maternal race (OR 0.20 [0.07-0.57]) and public insurance (OR 0.54 [0.34-0.85]) were associated with decreased breast milk use. Early initiation of feeds was associated with increased breast milk use. CONCLUSIONS There is a need to increase social as well as hospital support systems to address gaps in breast milk use in the NICU.
Modeling of Hybrid Systems

Hybrid dynamical systems contain both time-driven continuous dynamics and event-driven discrete dynamics that interact with each other, and their interactions determine the behavior of the system over time. To fully understand the tight interactions between discrete and continuous dynamics, we need a unified modeling framework. Various models have been developed for hybrid systems; they can be broadly classified into two groups according to their origins. On the one hand, computer scientists look at hybrid systems primarily as discrete (computer) programs interacting with the continuous environment. They extend their computational models, such as finite state machines, automata, and Petri nets, from discrete systems to hybrid systems by embedding the continuous-variable dynamics into these discrete models. On the other hand, researchers from the areas of dynamical systems and control regard hybrid systems as a collection of differential/difference equations with discontinuous or multi-valued variables. They extend the models and methodologies for traditional continuous-variable systems, such as those described by ordinary differential/difference equations, by including discrete variables to describe the jumping or switching phenomena. Both approaches have their own strengths. For instance, the first group of approaches has traditionally been able to deal with complex discrete dynamics emphasizing analysis results (verification) and simulation methodologies, while the second group typically deals with complex continuous-variable dynamics and mainly concerns itself with stability, robustness, optimality, and synthesis issues.
What is cyberwoman?: The Second Sex in cyberspace

In this paper I wish to show that, although traditional notions of gender and sex break down in cyberspace, a revised Beauvoirian understanding of sexual secondariness is applicable and useful in coming to terms with the possible ethical and philosophical ramifications of this relatively new communication medium. To this end, I argue that persons who enter into communication in online chat rooms necessarily deny the bodily aspects of their own identity. In so doing, these persons make themselves inessential, or secondary, in Beauvior's sense. For Beauvoir, this is a denial of one's own freedom, and thus commmunication in cyberspace becomes an instance of self-oppression. Yet, if self-oppression can be avoided, the self-oppressor is morally responsible for her or his own oppression. Ultimately, I argue, cyberspatial communication is an instance of such self-oppression.
A case study on minimum energy operation for dynamic time warping signal processing in wearable computers

Miniaturization and form factor reduction in wearable computers leads to enhanced wearability. Power optimization typically translates to form factor reduction, hence of paramount importance. This paper demonstrates power consumption analysis obtained for various operating modes in circuits suitable for wearable computers which are typically equipped with sensors that provide time series data (e.g., acceleration, ECG). Dynamic time warping (DTW) is considered a suitable signal processing technique for wearable computers, particularly due to its lower computational complexity requirement and the robustness to speed variations (acceleration and de-acceleration) in time series data. Wearable computers usually have very low computational performance requirements, which is explored in this work to minimize the system level energy consumption. We provide a comparison among three modes of operations, namely minimum energy operating point (MEOP), minimum voltage operation point (MVOP) and nominal voltage operating point (NVOP) all leveraging sleep transistors when circuits are inactive. The results show that the MVOP, in conjunction with sleep transistors, provides the least energy budget and leads to a reduction in energy consumption compared to the MEO, which is known as a suitable operating mode for ultra-low power circuits.
PCF vs DCF: a performance comparison

Wireless LANs are gaining importance at a very rapid pace. The idea of being mobile and connected to the Internet is driving new innovations in this area. With the recent innovations in the field of multimedia networks, the requirements of QoS support over wireless LANs are becoming more stringent. Quality of service in a wireless LAN is affected by a number of parameters like channel access method, physical/environmental conditions, number of nodes, distance etc. A proper selection of protocols/topology helps in maintaining/improving the QoS support of a wireless network. In this paper, the authors analyze the effect of channel access methods on the multimedia (voice) traffic. Two channel access methods, namely point coordinate function (PCF) and distributed coordinated function are considered for their support for QoS. The simulation results indicate that using PCF for multimedia traffic results in better performance.
Aminopyrine and biphenyl metabolism in cultured hepatocytes: induction by alcohols

Abstract Exposure of cultured chick embryo hepatocytes to ethanol, isobutanol, or isopentanol, the predominant alcohols present in commercial alcoholic beverages, resulted in increased metabolism of aminopyrine or biphenyl by the intact cells. The increases correlated with induction of cytochrome P-450. Hydroxylation of biphenyl at the 4-position was preferentially increased in cells pretreated with either the alcohols or propylisopropylacetamide, a barbiturate-like inducer of cytochrome P-450. In contrast, exposure of the cells to 3,4,3′,4′-tetrachlorobiphenyl, a planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P-450, resulted in preferential increased hydroxylation at the 2- and 3-positions of biphenyl.
The Relationship Between Spot and Futures Index Contracts after the Introduction of Electronic Trading on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange

The objective of this paper is to analyze the interrelationship between the all share, gold and industrial indexes of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange and the corresponding index futures contracts traded on the South African Futures Exchange after the introduction of electronic trading. For the all share and industrials contracts, we find quicker information transmission between the spot and futures markets after the introduction of electronic trading. In addition, the contemporaneous correlation between the markets increases and the size and asymmetry of the volatility spillovers is reduced. For the gold contract, we find slower information transmission after the introduction of electronic trading, but this result may be biased by the fact that the gold contract was discontinued.
Reliability and validity of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Clinical Rating Scale: a pilot study for the hallux and lesser toes.

Background:The use of clinical outcomes instruments is essential for the effective interpretation of individual patient progress as well as the comparison of treatment groups. An outcomes instrumen...
Autoregulation and neurovascular coupling in the optic nerve head

Impairments of autoregulation and neurovascular coupling in the optic nerve head play a critical role in ocular pathologies, especially glaucomatous optic neuropathy. We critically review the literature in the field, integrating results obtained in clinical, experimental, and theoretical studies. We address the mechanisms of autoregulation and neurovascular coupling in the optic nerve head, the current methods used to assess autoregulation--including measurements of optic nerve head blood flow (or volume and velocity)--blood flow data collected in the optic nerve head as pressure or metabolic demand is varied in healthy and pathologic conditions, and the current status and potential of mathematical modeling work to further the understanding of the relationship between ocular blood flow mechanisms and diseases such as glaucoma.
Leading Learning-Focused Teacher Leadership in Urban High Schools.

Drawing on findings from a national study of learning-focused leadership in challenging urban settings, this article examines the work of teacher leadership in urban high schools. In this context, ...
Epidemiology and heredity of accessory occlusal ridges on the buccal cusps of human premolar teeth

Abstract Mesial and distal accessory ridges represent separate entities, both being expressed repeatedly within the premolar group, the mesial ridges following a negative binomial distribution. In addition common factors jointly affect both types of ridges (rank correlation coefficient + 0.55). Hence a meaningful classification for anthropological and genetic studies should consider mesial ridge counts apart from distal ridge counts. Counts of ridges considering premolars collectively in an individual rather than as separate independent units seem preferable. A limited twin study supported these assertions.
The antitubercular activity of D-galacturonic acid isonicotinyl hydrazone.

D-Galacturonic acid isonicotinyl hydrazone, a new compound, is prepared with a high yield by combinin d-galacturonic acid with isonicotinic acid hydrazide. The new drug is highly active, both in vitro and in vivo, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and comparatively much less toxic than isonicotinic acid hydrazide.
Benefit of Forced Expiratory Technique for Weak Cough in a Patient with Bulbar Onset Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

The specific purpose of this case study was to investigate whether forced expiratory technique (FET) improves the peak expiratory flow compared to coughing in a 53-year-old man with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) who presented with bulbar symptoms. Approximately 12 months after diagnosis, his peak cough flow did not exceed 160 L/min, and cough became ineffective. However, FET could generate peak expiratory flow to a point over the 160 L/min threshold until 14.5 months after diagnosis. As a result, FET delayed the need for tracheostomy. When the forced vital capacity (FVC) was observed to be markedly decreased and it was 1,600 mL, the patient was unable to achieve 160 L/min of peak expiratory flow generated by FET. Patients with bulbar onset ALS who have FVC greater than 1,600 mL may benefit from FET.
Down Syndrome As a Risk Factor for Poorer Prognosis with Congenital Heart Defect Repair 134

The presence of Down syndrome can influence the timing of surgical correction of congenital heart defects due to the increased and early incidence of pulmonary hypertension. As part of a population-based outcomes study of congenital heart disease, we have formed a registry of all Oregon residents who have had surgery for one of 12 congenital heart defects at≤18 years of age from 1958 to the present (N=3,965). To determine morbidity and mortality, the cohort is contacted by questionnaire or phone interview every two years. Down syndrome was present in 4% of the cohort with tetralogy of Fallot, 13% of VSD, 3% of ASD, 3% of PDA, 27% with partial atrioventricular canal, and 76% with complete atrioventricular canal. No one who had surgery for aortic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, pulmonic stenosis, or transposition of the great arteries had Down syndrome. Surgical correction tended to occur at significantly younger age with Down syndrome and VSD (Down 1.9±3.0 yrs vs Non-Down 3.5±3.5 yrs, p<0.001), ASD (Down 3.2±3.2 yrs vs Non-Down 6.5±4.4 yrs, p<0.001), partial atrioventricular canal (Down 3.9±3.9 yrs vs Non-Down 6.5±5.7 yrs, p<0.01), and complete atrioventricular canal (Down 0.7±1.3 yrs vs Non-Down 2.2±2.7 yrs, p<0.01). The presence of Down syndrome had no significant effect on survival after surgery for VSD, ASD, partial atrioventricular canal, and PDA. After surgery for tetralogy of Fallot, survival with Down syndrome was poorer (p=0.06): Down syndrome - 30-day survival 0.95±0.05, 10 yr survival 0.80±0.09; Non-Down - 30-day survival 0.89±0.02, 10 yr survival 0.86±0.02. Survival with Down syndrome was also less with surgery for complete atrioventricular canal(p=0.05): Down syndrome - 30-day survival 0.84±0.04, 5 yr survival 0.77±0.04, 10 yr survival 0.75±0.04 vs Non-Down - 30-day survival 0.94±0.04, 5 yr survival 0.90±0.05, 10 yr survival 0.90±0.05. Hence, despite earlier surgical intervention on average, survival tends to be poorer for children with Down syndrome and surgery for complete atrioventricular canal or tetralogy of Fallot, but not for VSD, ASD, partial atrioventricular canal, or PDA. Additional analyses will be necessary to separate any effects on survival of early age at surgery with Down syndrome in recent years.
Children's decision-making examined with an information-board procedure☆

Abstract An information-board procedure adopted from adult decision-making research was used to examine the development of decision-making skills. Differences in the decision-making of 2nd-, 5th-, and 8th-grade children were found, particularly in terms of their search for predecisional information. In general, second graders were exhaustive yet less systematic in their search for information, while older children's decision-making involved the use of less demanding, noncompensatory strategies. All of the children's predecisional search, however, was influenced by characteristics of the decision task, such as the amount of information available.
Vibrational Spectra and Structure of Four‐Membered Ring Molecules. III. Bromocyclobutane, Bromocyclobutane‐d1, Bromocyclobutane‐d4, and Bromocyclobutane‐d5

The infrared spectra of bromocyclobutane, α‐bromocyclobutane‐d1, β,β,β′,β′‐bromocyclobutane‐d4, and α,β,β,β′,β′‐bromocyclobutane‐d5 in both the liquid and vapor phases have been recorded from 4000 to 250 cm−1. The far‐infrared spectra of bromocyclobutane and β,β,β′,β′‐bromocyclobutane‐d4 have been recorded to 33 cm−1. The Raman spectra of the four isotopic species of bromocyclobutane in the liquid state have also been recorded and depolarization values have been measured; the carbon—bromine stretching region of bromocyclobutane‐d1 has been scanned at temperatures varying from 35° to −83°C. The spectra have been interpreted by considering the molecules as having one plane of symmetry and belonging to point group Cs. Frequency assignments which are based on group‐frequency correlations, isotopic shifts, depolarization values, band contours, and relative intensities where applicable are given for the normal vibrations. The assignments are tabulated and discussed according to symmetry species. The regimens of...