cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Use of Standardized Patients in Teaching Spiritual Care at the End of Life

Abstract Background Because of migration patterns to the United States over the past 250 years, there has always been cultural and religious diversity. Health care providers must have the knowledge, skills, and attitudes necessary to care for patients whose beliefs differ from their own, particularly during critical life events such as birth or death. An end-of-life care simulation experience for bachelor of science in nursing students involving standardized patients representing three well-known religious groups was implemented. Method Fifty-four students participated in this quasi-experimental study comparing a treatment group (n = 30) that experienced a simulation activity with a control group (n = 24). Results/Conclusions The results supported the hypotheses that participants in the treatment group would have higher scores for knowledge and confidence than the control group.
Characterization of two-dimensional colloidal polycrystalline materials using optical diffraction

We present an optical-diffraction method for quantitative characterization of two-dimensional colloidal polycrystalline materials. From the angular-diffraction profile we can estimate both the average size of the crystalline grain and the defect density within the grains. Our statistical diffraction model shows that the diffraction line shape is close to a Lorentzian profile if a lot of defects exist within a grain, and it becomes close to Gaussian if the grains are essentially free of defects. This method is used for analyzing the quality of polystyrene colloidal crystals produced by the evaporation technique. The results are compared with direct statistical analysis of microscope images.
Alkaloid studies. The structure of aspidofiline

Auf Grund von Protonresonanz und massenspektrometrischen Messungen sowie durch direkte Verbindung mit Pyrifolin (II) wird fur dasAspidosperma-Alkaloid Aspidofilin die Struktur III vorgeschlagen.
Volunteers and Pseudo-Volunteers: The Effect of Recruitment Method in Dictator Experiments

We report the results of experiments that test for behavioral differences between volunteer subjects recruited in the usual way and pseudo-volunteer subjects in experiments conducted during class time. In a series of dictator games, we find that psuedo-volunteers are more generous on average than their volunteer counterparts, and that non-monetary factors such as religious or altruistic preferences have a greater effect on the giving behavior of pseudo-volunteers.
Phase-coded multiplexing using a crossed cylindrical-collimating lens system for volume hologram storage in LiNbO 3

We propose a phase-coded multiplexing method that employs the rotation of a crossed cylindrical-collimating lens system to encode the reference beam of each multiplexed hologram for volume hologram storage. This phase coding scheme is compared with that based on random phase-coded multiplexing. Our experimental results demonstrate that the method can simplify the procedures of recording and reading in hologram storage.
Implicit and Explicit Learning in Individuals with Agrammatic Aphasia

Implicit learning is a process of acquiring knowledge that occurs without conscious awareness of learning, whereas explicit learning involves the use of overt strategies. To date, research related to implicit learning following stroke has been largely restricted to the motor domain and has rarely addressed implications for language. The present study investigated implicit and explicit learning of an auditory word sequence in 10 individuals with stroke-induced agrammatic aphasia and 18 healthy age-matched participants using an adaptation of the Serial Reaction Time task. Individuals with aphasia showed significant learning under implicit, but not explicit, conditions, whereas age-matched participants learned under both conditions. These results suggest significant implicit learning ability in agrammatic aphasia. Furthermore, results of an auditory sentence span task indicated working memory deficits in individuals with agrammatic aphasia, which are discussed in relation to explicit and implicit learning processes.
i) Clinical assessment of peripheral nerve injuries

Summary Clinical assessment of a peripheral nerve lesion requires 1) the knowledge of the unique sensory territory and motor functions of the particular nerve, 2) the availability of a few examination tools, such as a tuning fork, a Disk-Criminator or paper clip, and, occasionally, 3) a local anesthetic. The clinical assessment should permit the diagnosis of a nerve division, a nerve compression, and a painful neuroma. Clinical situations common to orthopedic surgery, such as carpal and tarsal tunnel syndrome, as well as neuromas of cutaneous nerves encountered in these nerve compression sites are reviewed. Also discussed are commonly missed nerve compressions, such as the Morton's ‘neuroma’, cubital tunnel syndrome, and common peroneal entrapment at the knee. Use of nerve blocks is indicated prior to treatment of painful neuromas and prior to a partial dorsal or volar wrist denervation for the treatment. of wrist pain. This concept may be extended to the lower extremity, for example to the treatment of knee pain. Suite 104, 3901 Greenspring Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21211, USA.
An optimal control problem for the Helmholtz equation in a stratified Shallow ocean

In this paper we shall consider a kind of optimal control of the Robin problem. First, we discuss the solvability of the Robin problem, which is not uniquely solvable in general. Then we find the representation of the far-field pattern in terms of the minimal solution to an integral equation. Based on this representation, an optimization problem is discussed and a Galerkin scheme for the solution is presented.
Biophysical probes reveal a "compromise" nature of the methyl-lysine binding pocket in L3MBTL1.

Histone lysine methylation (Kme) encodes essential information modulating many biological processes including gene expression and transcriptional regulation. However, the atomic-level recognition m...
Functional decline in Huntington's disease

We prospectively evaluated 129 patients with manifest Huntington's disease (HD) to determine the rate of illness progression and the clinical features that correlate with functional decline. A single examiner evaluated each patient using the HD Functional Capacity Scale. Standardized motor performance was also assessed in 94 of the patients (73%) using the HD Rating Scale. Total Functional Capacity declined at a rate of 0.63 +/- 0.75 U per year. As functional capacity worsened, chorea lessened, and dystonia intensified. There was no correlation between rate of functional decline and age at onset of HD, body weight, gender of affected parent, or history of neuroleptic use.
Comparison of analyzing powers and polarizations for the charge symmetric reactions /sup 2/H(d,p)/sup 3/H and /sup 2/H(d,n)/sup 3/He

Analyzing powers and polarizations for the $^{2}\mathrm{H}$($\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{d}$,$n$) and $^{2}\mathrm{H}$($\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{d}$,$p$) charge symmetric reactions were calculated in a $4\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}$ model space within the framework of the generalized $R$-matrix methodology of Lane and Robson. The calculated differences are approximately an order of magnitude smaller than those quoted by Dries et al.
Cultural Evolution in Team Problem Solving

This paper uses a framework developed from memetics—a theoretical perspective on cultural evolution—as the basis for investigating aspects of team problem solving. Specifically, the roles of shared mental models, team situational awareness, and team problem models in the problem identification and conceptualization stages of team problem solving are explored from a cultural evolutionary perspective. Results of this analysis indicate that cultural evolutionary perspectives are useful in interpreting developmental aspects of team problem solving skills and adaptations of team level knowledge to task and environmental constraints.
Pattern of glycosylation of Sindbis virus envelope proteins synthesized in hamster and chicken cells.

The tryptic glycopeptides of the Sindbis virus envelope glycoproteins El and E2 grown in BHK and chick cells were purified by gel filtration followed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Each of the purified glycopeptides was analyzed by N-terminal sequencing to identify from which of the potential glycosylation sites it was derived. The type of oligosaccharide chain attached to each glycopeptide was determined from gel filtration analysis of the pronase-digested glycopeptides, and the relative incorporation of radiolabeled galactose, mannose, and glucosamine into each glycopeptide was used to confirm these determinations. The glycosylation patterns for the two proteins were essentialJy identical in the two host cells. The E2 glycosylation sites at Asn_(196) and Asn_(318) contained exclusively complex-type and simple-type oligosaccharide chains, respectively. In El, the glycosylation site at Asn_(139) contained only complex-type chains, but the site at Asn_(245) contained a mixture of simple (75-85%) and complex (15-25%) type chains. These results are discussed in relation to previously reported results and a prediction as to the relative importance of the different glycosylation sites to the function of the proteins is made.
Reconstruction Spots For Digital Sampled Images

In optical line-scan image generators, e.g., laser image and microdensitometer recorders, the intensity point spread function of the reconstruction or printing spot can be varied by implementation of appropriately shaped spatial filters in the optical train. The shape of the spread function can be manipulated to provide different distributions of the overlap between adjacent lines or spots. The distribution of the overlap influences both the cosmetic appearance of the imagery and the amount of resolution and contrast loss created by the blending of the intensities from adjacent lines or spots at their point of contact. In the study reported here, sampled imagery stimuli of aerial scenes displaying effects of nine different reconstruction spots were utilized in viewer experiments. Rankings of viewer preferences were generated for ideal, jitter-free reconstruction. In addition, experiments were conducted to assess performance of the reconstruction in the presence of deterministic cyclic banding and random Gaussian jitter. Emphasis of these experiments was placed on judging for information content and the maintenance of information content when spot position errors are introduced by the reconstruction.© (1977) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Needs, interests, and reinforcer preferences of data processing personnel

It is a privilege to be with this group which has done some outstanding research work. Any reader of the proceedings of this conference has seen 75 percent of the decent reported research on computer personnel. Thus I consider it an honor to be asked to describe my thesis to this gathering.A portion of the research I am about to describe was reported earlier1 and is available through the MISRC at the University of Minnesota. Therefore, I will describe today only those details of that report necessary to provide a setting for reporting further results.The Theory of Work Adjustment2 was the base upon which this research effort was designed.
School related stress in early adolescence and academic performance three years later: the conditional influence of self expectations

The hypothesis was tested that educational expectations of junior high school students in interaction with school-related stress during early adolescence would adversely affect grades during high school. Multiple regression analyses of data from home interviews of 1034 students during junior high school and 3 years later during high school supported the hypothesis that early adolescent school-related stress both independently and in interaction with high academic expectations negatively affected academic performance 3 years later. These results suggest that for students in high stress school environments, an increase in academic expectations may serve to increase their school-related stress and impede their academic performance.
Peptide utilization in Escherichia coli: Studies with peptides containing β-alanyl residues

Abstract A glycine auxotroph of Escherichia coli can utilize glycine oligopeptides as a source of its required amino acid. Glycylglycyl-β-alanine and β-alanylglycylglycine are both readily hydrolysed by intracellular peptidases, but only the former supports growth of the glycine auxotroph. Glycylglycyl-β-alanine is not nutritionally active towards a glycine mutant that is unable to transport oligopeptides. The nutritional responses to these β-alanine peptides are interpreted in terms of the structural requirements of the oligopeptide transport system, for which an α-peptide bond is required but the C-terminal α-carboxyl group is not essential. Dipeptides of β-alanine are generally poor sources of amino acids for auxotrophs of E. coli, although β-alanylhistidine (carnosine) is as effective as the free amino acid in supporting growth of a histidine auxotroph; this observation does not accord with the structural requirements established for dipeptide transport in general, and may indicate a separate uptake process. The results are related to the occurrence of β-alanyl peptides in the normal environment of enteric bacteria, and to the known ability of the intestine to transport carnosine.
Maternal PTSD associates with greater glucocorticoid sensitivity in offspring of Holocaust survivors

Intergenerational effects of trauma have been observed clinically in a wide range of populations, and parental PTSD has been associated with an increased risk for psychopathology in offspring. In studies of Holocaust survivor offspring, parental PTSD, and particularly maternal PTSD, has been associated with increased risk for PTSD, low basal urinary cortisol excretion and enhanced cortisol suppression in response to dexamethasone. Such findings implicate maternally derived glucocorticoid programming in the intergenerational transmission of trauma-related consequences, potentially resulting from in utero influences or early life experiences. This study investigated the relative influence of Holocaust exposure and PTSD in mothers and fathers on glucocorticoid sensitivity in offspring. Eighty Holocaust offspring and 15 offspring of non-exposed Jewish parents completed evaluations and provided blood and urine samples. Glucocorticoid sensitivity was evaluated using the lysozyme suppression test (LST), an in vitro measure of glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity in a peripheral tissue, the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), and 24-h urinary cortisol excretion. Maternal PTSD was associated with greater glucocorticoid sensitivity in offspring across all three measures of glucocorticoid function. An interaction of maternal and paternal PTSD on the DST and 24-h urinary cortisol showed an effect of decreased glucocorticoid sensitivity in offspring with paternal, but not maternal, PTSD. Although indirect, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that epigenetic programming may be involved in the intergenerational transmission of trauma-related effects on glucocorticoid regulation.
Acquisition and transfer effects of cued and noncued double alternation schedules with rats

Abstract In an attempt to establish patterning, rats were administered eight daily runway trials in a double alternation schedule with distinctive goal events in either a consistent or a varied sequence. Different magnitudes of reward differentiated the reinforced trials, whereas different lengths of confinement in the empty goal box distinguished the nonreinforced trials. During acquisition, rats given the consistent cue sequence “patterned”, whereas the group presented varied cues did not. Subsequently, the Consistent and Varied Cue Groups were subdivided and were administered for 2 days only one of the four acquisition training goal events. During the final 5 days of transfer testing, all subgroups were switched to receiving four daily trials with a second and then a third goal event. In agreement with expectations derived from stimulus aftereffects theory, performance was immediately in accord with the reinforcement contingencies previously established during acquisition training and not the goal event actually presented during testing.
Substance Use Among Women Veterans: Epidemiology to Evidence-Based Treatment

An increasing percentage of women are U.S. Military Veterans. We review the substance misuse rates and comorbidities and the risk factors for and consequences of substance use among women Veterans. Women Veterans may have higher rates of substance misuse and comorbid psychiatric and medical disorders than male Veterans and women who are not Veterans. Studies support the AUDIT-C as a scaled marker of alcohol-related risk among female Veterans, but validated drug screening instruments are needed. We discuss evidence-based approaches in terms of treating women Veterans' substance misuse in primary and specialty care settings, along with knowledge gaps and potential research priorities to improve care in this special population.
Whole animal and gill tissue oxygen uptake in the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica: Effects of hypoxia, hypercapnia, air exposure, and infection with the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus

Abstract The Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica , lives in shallow coastal waters and experiences many different environmental extremes including hypoxia, hypercapnia and air exposure and many oysters are infected with the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus . The effects of these conditions on oyster metabolism, as measured by oxygen uptake, were investigated. Mild hypercapnia had no effect on the ability of oysters to regulate oxygen uptake in hypoxic water, as measured by the B2 coefficient of oxygen regulation. The average B2 was −0.060×10 −3 (±0.01×10 −3 S.E.M.; n =20; low and high CO 2 treatments combined) in oysters uninfected with P. marinus and −0.056×10 −3 (±0.01×10 −3 S.E.M.; n =16; low and high CO 2 treatments combined) in infected oysters. There was no significant effect of light to moderate infections of P. marinus on oxygen regulation. Nor did the presence of P. marinus have an effect on the rate of oxygen uptake of whole animals in well-aerated water. In well-aerated conditions, oxygen uptake was significantly reduced by moderate hypercapnia in oysters when data from uninfected and infected oysters were combined. Mean oxygen uptake of infected oysters under hypercapnia ( p CO 2 =6–8 Torr; pH 7) was 9.10 μmol O 2 g ww −1 h −1 ±0.62 S.E.M. ( n =9), significantly different from oxygen uptake under normocapnia ( p CO 2 ≤1 Torr; pH 8.2) (10.71 μmol O 2 g ww −1 h −1 ±0.62 S.E.M.; n =9). Similar to what occurred in infected whole animals, mean oxygen uptake of uninfected gill tissues under high CO 2 , low pH conditions was 9.44 μmol O 2 g ww −1 h −1 ±0.95 S.E.M. ( n =10), significantly different from oxygen uptake under low CO 2 , high pH conditions (12.30 μmol O 2 g ww −1 h −1 ±0.95 S.E.M.; n =10). This result is due primarily to the low pH induced by hypercapnia rather than a CO 2 -specific effect. The presence of P. marinus had no effect on oxygen uptake in gill tissues. Intertidal oysters from South Carolina take up very little oxygen from the air when they are air exposed. Mean oxygen uptake in air at 25°C (5.66×10 −4 μmol O 2 g ww −1 h −1 ±2.65×10 −4 S.E.M.; n =11) is less than 0.1% of oxygen uptake in seawater, suggesting that upon air exposure, oysters close their valves and isolate themselves from air. Oxygen uptake in air is slightly elevated at 35°C (9.28×10 −4 μmol O 2 g ww −1 h −1 ±5.57×10 −4 S.E.M.; n =11). There was not a strong correlation between oxygen uptake and P. marinus infection intensity at either 25 or 35°C.
Southern bean mosaic viral RNA has a 5′-linked protein but lacks 3′ terminal poly(A)

Nuclease digestion of SBMV RNA releases a protein of molecular weight approximately 12,000 in addition to the four mononucleotides. The lack of reactivity of SBMV RNA to polynucleotide kinase and the absence of a capping group suggest that the protein is covalently attached to the 5' end of the RNA. RNA sequencing shows that the 3' terminus of SBMV RNA is not polyadenylated.
Spectral clustering of large-scale communities via random sketching and validation

In our era of data deluge, clustering algorithms that do not scale well with the dramatically increasing number of data have to be reconsidered. Spectral clustering, while powerful, is computationally and memory demanding, even for high performance computers. Capitalizing on the relationship between spectral clustering and kernel k-means, the present paper introduces a randomized algorithm for identifying communities in large-scale graphs based on a random sketching and validation approach, that enjoys reduced complexity compared to the clairvoyant spectral clustering. Numerical tests on synthetic and real data demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach.
Comparisons of observed ozone and temperature trends in the lower stratosphere

One result of the ozone assessment (WMO, 1989) is that there is a significant negative ozone trend in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere from 1970 through 1986. The relationship of this trend in ozone to that of temperature in the same altitude region is examined utilizing a 62-station set of rawinsonde data, and the results are compared to the changes in temperature determined from a radiative equilibrium model calculation. The calculated and observed trends in lower stratospheric temperature indicate substantial agreement in the shape and magnitude of the vertical profiles.
Ability of an ELISA-based seed health test to detect Erwinia stewartii in maize seed treated with fungicides and insecticides.

Two sets of experiments were done to examine whether seed-treatment chemicals affected the ability of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-based seed health test to detect Erwinia stewartii. The chemicals evaluated included Actellic, Apron, Captan, Cruiser, Gaucho, Maxim, Poncho, Thiram, and Vitavax in 11 seed-treatment combinations. In one experiment, seed-treatment chemicals were evaluated quantitatively in a critical region of ELISA absorbance values near 0.5 using maize seed that were spiked with uniform quantities of a liquid suspension of E. stewartii. The number of bacteria in each sample was estimated from ELISA absorbance values using standard curves. Log CFU of E. stewartii per sample were not significantly different among the untreated control and the 11 seed treatments compared with Tukey's Studentized Range Test (P = 0.05). Means of log CFU/ml for all treatments were tightly clustered around 5.70 which corresponded to an absorbance value of 0.440 and a bacterial population of about 500,000 CFU/ml. In a second set of experiments, seed treatment chemicals were evaluated based on qualitative decisions that resulted from the ELISA-based seed health test of seed lots of Jubilee and A632 infected with E. stewartii. The number of negative samples was not substantially greater than expected based on binomial probabilities except for samples of Captan/Vitavax-treated A632, which we considered to be a type I error. The mean absorbance values of positive samples ranged from 1.42 to 1.72 for A632 and from 1.51 to 1.91 for Jubilee and did not differ significantly among the seed treatments. There was no consistent evidence from these experiments that fungicide or insecticide seed treatments interfered with the sensitivity of the ELISA or altered low (e.g., 0.5) or high (e.g. 1.4 to 1.9) absorbance values. The ability of the ELISA-based seed health test to detect E. stewartii in maize seed was not affected by these seed treatments.
Mechanisms underlying intestinal adaptation after massive intestinal resection in the rat

Abstract Background/Purpose : The regulatory events that control the adaptive response after massive intestinal resection are poorly understood. An improved understanding could lead to improved clinical therapies. This study tests the hypothesis that massive intestinal resection increases nutrient transport by upregulation of mRNA for the sodium glucose cotransporter (SGLT1). Method : Male Lewis rats (225 to 250 g) were studied. Control animals (Con, n=6) underwent ileal transection 15 cm proximal to the cecum; resected animals (Res, n=8) underwent resection of all bowel proximal to the terminal 15 cm of ileum. Animals were followed up for 14 days, pair fed, and weighed daily. At the time of death the terminal ileum was studied quantifying SGLT1 mRNA using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) normalized to B -actin, in vitro glucose transport in Ussing Chambers, and histology. Results : All animals survived; animals that were transected regained preoperative weight by day 10, and underwent resection by day 14. Significant adaptation occurred with increases in villus height, (control jejunum 934 ± 79; control ileum, 811 ± 64 v resected ileum, 949 ± 83 [ P v 0.56 ± 0.04 in Con ileum [ P 2 /hr of 3-0 Methyl-D-Glucose]). This was paralleled by an increase in expression of the SGLT1 gene in resected ileum, 104 ± 14, versus Con ileum, 74 ± 9 ( P B -actin). Conclusion : SGLT1 expression may be useful as a marker of the adaptive process after massive resection and potentially may be used as an endpoint of therapy after resection clinically.
Soft dipole excitations in 11Li

Abstract A three-body model of 11Li is extended to include all interactions in unbound states in the continuum. We use a Green function technique to solve the three-body hamiltonian equation, and study the continuum dipole states produced by electromagnetic excitations of the ground state. The final-state interaction modifies the dipole strength function substantially, making it similar to an independent-particle strength function, but the total strength is enhanced by 50% due to ground-state correlations. The dipole strength is concentrated in a peak just above threshold, and the strength distribution is consistent with the measured beam energy dependence of the Coulomb dissociation cross section. This threshold peak also gives a narrow component in the neutron and the residual nucleus momentum distributions. The angular distributions of the neutrons emitted in Coulomb-induced reactions show a surprising anticorrelation, favoring emission with a large opening angle between the directions of the two neutrons in the rest frame of 11Li.
Oral herpes simplex infections in patients with leukemia

Thirty patients hospitalized for induction chemotherapy of acute leukemia were studied for incidence, severity, and clinical features of oral herpes simplex virus infections. In 50% of the patients with evidence of past herpes infection, recurrent oral herpes developed during the study. Herpes simplex virus was the major cause of oral mucosal lesions seen in patients with leukemia. A majority of the episodes involved multiple oral sites and caused large atypical lesions. All lesions healed after topical or intravenous acyclovir therapy. Herpes simplex infection should be ruled out in all cases of oral ulcers detected in patients being treated for leukemia.
A computer model of gas exchange during cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Abstract This paper presents a computer model of gas exchange during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) that permits independent adjustment of inspired air content (16% O 2 and 4.5% CO 2 present in mouth-to-mouth (MTM) ventilation or ambient air), shunt, deadspace, diffusion impairment, cardiac output, and ventilation. The model contains 15 500 acini, each with its own blood supply. Gas exchange occurs at each perfused and ventilated acinus. Arterial P O 2 and P CO 2 are calculated from the summed arterial blood flow using standard formulae. The model and simulations show that MTM ventilation provides inadequate oxygenation when the victim is at high altitude or has diffusion impairment. They also show that analysis of inspired and expired gas concentrations to measure gas exchange primarily measures wash in and wash out of gas when cardiac output is low and that this explains the negative oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production measured in a previous study.
High‐pressure Raman study of ammonium halides

Raman spectra of NH4X (X = Cl, Br, I) in the range 2800–3200 cm−1 have been obtained at pressures up to 40 GPa at room temperature. The pressure dependences of the n1 and n3 modes are discussed in relation to hydrogen bonding effects in the crystals. The Raman spectra of ammonium halides show that the n3 mode merges to the v1 mode at pressures above 22.5 GPa in NH4Cl, 33.5 GPa in NH4Br and 35 GPa in NH4I.
Elders' perceptions of the role of group psychotherapy in fostering self-transcendence

Psychotherapeutic goals and interventions for older adults, like those for children and other age groups, need to be developmentally appropriate. Past clinical research has shown that self-transcendence is a resource for mental health in later life. The effectiveness of group psychotherapy in facilitating self-transcendence in elders was examined, applying a method of analysis in which a small, intact clinical sample could be used to generate data for research purposes. Results, based on a matrix analysis of group members' perceptions, indicated that group psychotherapy enhanced self-transcendence in various ways. Group psychotherapy may be used not only as a cost-effective treatment modality, but also as a theory-based intervention that is developmentally-appropriate for elders.
Modification of Friction-Induced Instability in a Disk System Through Dither Excitation Forces

This paper employs a continuous rotor model and a contacting SDOF system to examine dither’s role in stabilizing friction-induced oscillations. The disc rotor is modeled by a thin, clamped-free annular plate. Under the action of tangential dither, the frictional contact load is represented by a sinusoidally-varying follower force. The stability of the combined system, with and without dither signals, is assessed using multiple-scale analysis and Floquet theory. It is shown that dither is capable of quenching instabilities at some rotor speeds while at the same time producing new instabilities at other rotor speeds. The results suggest that one mechanism by which dither can suppress squeal is by changing the rotor speeds at which squeal vibrations occur.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
EVALUATION OF DEVELOPMENTAL SURVEILLANCE BY PHYSICIANS AT THE TWO‐MONTH PREVENTIVE CARE VISIT

We evaluated the effects of feedback and instruction on resident physician performance during developmental surveillance of infants at 2-month preventive care visits. Baseline data were obtained by videotaping 3 residents while they performed the physical and developmental exam components. Training consisted of individualized feedback and a brief instructional module, after which the residents were again videotaped while they performed preventive care visits. All 3 residents showed improved performance following training.
Remediable and nonremediable causes of parasitic elements in InP m.e.s.f.e.t.s

Two-dimensional analyses of InP and GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t. structures are used to qualitatively explain relative magnitudes of parasitic element values observed in experimental InP m.e.s.f.e.t.s. Large drain-gate capacitance observed in InP is attributed mainly to substrate conduction, whereas large drain conductance at certain drain biases in InP may be unavoidable due to large velocity dropback and large high-field diffusion in this material. Low Schottky-barrier height and substrate conduction also increase gD
A comparison of the ultraviolet to near-infrared spectral properties of Mercury and the Moon as observed by MESSENGER

Abstract Measurements of the disk-integrated reflectance spectrum of Mercury and the Moon have been obtained by the MESSENGER spacecraft. A comparison of spectra from the two bodies, spanning the wavelength range 220–1450 nm, shows that the absolute reflectance of Mercury is lower than that of the nearside waxing Moon at the same phase angle with a spectral slope that is less steep at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. We interpret these results and the lack of an absorption feature at a wavelength near 1000 nm as evidence for a Mercury surface composition that is low in ferrous iron within silicates but is higher in the globally averaged abundance of spectrally neutral opaque minerals than the Moon. Similar conclusions have been reached by recent investigations based on observations from both MESSENGER and Mariner 10. There is weak evidence for a phase-reddening effect in Mercury that is slightly larger in magnitude than for the lunar nearside. An apparent absorption in the middle-ultraviolet wavelength range of the Mercury spectrum detected from the first MESSENGER flyby of Mercury is found to persist in subsequent observations from the second flyby. The current model of space weathering on the Moon, which also presumably applies to Mercury, does not provide an explanation for the presence of this ultraviolet absorption.
The effect of iridium agglomeration on the performance of platinum-iridium bimetallic catalysts: model compound and naphtha reforming studies

Abstract Alumina supported platinum-iridium bimetallic catalysts were partially-agglomerated by calcining samples under oxygen for various times at elevated tem
Market trends in baby skin care products and implications for clinical practice.

Although the U.S. pediatric skin care market is a $1.7 billion industry, little is known regarding the usage pattern of skin care products in very young children. We have begun to recognize that common over-the-counter skin care products may have positive or negative effects on skin barrier function. Thus, knowing what and how skin care products are used early in life is important. The goal of the current study was to better understand skin care product use in the United States using market research data. We found that the prevalence of use was greater than 50% for all skin care product categories and age groups. Premoistened cleansing wipes and cloths were the most frequently used product, followed by baby oil and lotion and body and baby powder. Baby bath and shampoo products were used at least five times per week per household, and caregivers generally preferred products that were fragrance-free and made for sensitive skin. Lower-income households reported a higher frequency of product use and were less likely to purchase fragrance-free products or ones that were made for sensitive skin. Our findings suggest that the prevalence of pediatric skin care product use is high and conflicts with current recommended skin care guidelines. Product use and preferences may also vary according to race and ethnicity and household income level.
Principal Details of Design Drafting for Substations by Computer

The Bonneville Power Administration has been developing a system for producing substation design drawings by using automatic data processing methods. Although the system is not yet 100-percent operational on all phases of substation design, it is operational on 115-kV one-line diagrams, buslayouts for 500-kV breaker- and-a-half and ring-bus schemes, 115-kV customer's service stations, and some switchboard and relay panels. The basic programming structure has been established, and the system offers a practical and economical method of decreasing the man-hour requirements for substation design, where repetitive-type drawingsmust be produced for construction purposes. The project has been separated into six basic parts: 1) developing the basic logical structure, 2) reducing the graphical components to numerical data, 3) retrieving and assembling the necessary components for a specific drawing, 4) transforming the numerical data back into graphic form ( plotting), 5) generating a "bill of material," 6) writing a "material summary list." Ways of applying these parts to design drafting are discussed.
Comparison of Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation with Acid Treatments for Chitosan Production from Shrimp Waste

The traditional procedure for chitosan production involves use of a strong acid (HCl) for demineralization of chitin. This study reports application of a mixed culture of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus lactis) fermentation in demineralization of chitin for chitosan production from shrimp waste. Chitosan produced from shrimp waste with lactic acid bacteria fermentation at 30°C for 72 h or 1 M lactic acid treatment at room temperature for 2 h followed by alkaline treatments (0.5 M NaOH at 25°C for 4 h followed by 12.5 M NaOH at 70°C for 10 h) contained very low protein (0.8–1.1%) and ash (<0.01%) contents with the same solubility (100%) as those of chitosan produced with hydrochloric acid treatment. Lactic acid bacteria fermentation and lactic acid treatment may be utilized in chitosan production from shrimp waste to reduce use of strong chemicals.
Leaf spot on switch grass (Panicum virgatum), symptoms of a new disease caused by Bipolaris oryzae

Switch grass (Panicum virgatum) is a native, perennial warm-season grass used for hay, summer grazing, soil conservation, and wildlife habitat. It is also being developed as a biomass crop for renewable energy. A previously unreported leaf-spot disease on switch grass was observed in North Dakota plantings. From 1999 to 2002, a fungus was consistently isolated from leaf spots on switch grass. It was identified as Bipolaris oryzae (teleomorph: Cochliobolus miyabeanus). Conidial morphology agreed with that of B. oryzae, and comparison of DNA sequences from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase also indicated that the isolates were B. oryzae. Greenhouse pathogenicity tests confirmed the ability of B. oryzae to cause symptoms of leaf spot on switch grass. This is the first time that B. oryzae, a common pathogen on rice (Oryza sativa), is reported to cause a disease on switch grass. This pathogen has the potential to diminish yields of switch grass under intensive plantings for high biomass production, part...
Managing Abrasions and Lacerations

Abrasion and laceration management begins with controlling bleeding, assessing the wound site, and determining the patient's tetanus status. Abrasions are treated with thorough irrigation, a topical antibacterial agent, and an appropriate dressing. Laceration treatment includes anesthesia use and wound cleaning, suturing under sterile conditions, application of an appropriate dressing, and timely follow-up. Cyanoacrylate skin adhesives are a promising alternative to suturing for some wounds. Guidelines for return-to-play decisions are included.
Thermal viscoplastic buckling during the growth of silicon ribbon

This paper is an analysis of the conditions to be satisfied in order to avoid buckling during the growth of a silicon ribbon that is being slowly pulled from the melt. A viscoplastic constitutive equation with a dislocation density effect is used to model the material behavior. The critical thicknesses and the corresponding deflection shapes are calculated by the finite element method for the cantilever boundary conditions. The value of the parameter which controls the speed of the lateral deflection is computed by using Galerkin's method. It is demonstrated that, due to the effect of viscoplasticity, some deflection shapes increase in magnitude with time and other shapes damp out.
The Effectiveness of Warfarin Dosing from a Nomogram Compared with House Staff Dosing

The purpose of this study is to address the safety and efficacy of a warfarin dosing nomogram. Patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty were randomized to warfarin dosed by nomogram (n = 106) or by house staff (n = 110) during their hospital stay. The average daily dose of warfarin was 4.14 mg for the nomogram group and 4.18 mg for the house staff group. On postoperative day 4, the average international normalized ratio was 1.55 in the nomogram group compared with 1.59 in the house staff group. On postoperative day 4, 19.1% of the patients in the nomogram group had a therapeutic international normalized ratio, compared with 14.7% in the house staff group. There were no differences in bleeding or thrombotic complications in the 2 groups. This nomogram appears to be both safe and effective.
Studies on the Development of Metacyclic Trypanosoma brucei sspp. Cultivated at 27°C with Insect Cell Lines1

When transformed procyclic trypanosomes of three stocks of Trypanosoma brucei brucei and one stock of T.b. rhodesiense were grown at 27 degrees C in 25-cm2 flasks containing Anopheles gambiae cells, some of them developed into forms infective for mice. Infectivity titrations on trypanosome suspensions revealed that up to 2.8 X 10(5) metacyclic forms per ml could be produced, and the cultures remained infective for varying periods of up to 72 days when they were terminated. Of the various culture media tested, a mixture of three volumes of trypanosome medium and one volume of Anopheles medium was the most successful. Control cultures of trypanosomes grown in medium without cells were generally not infective, but two of the stocks gave rise to a few sporadic infections. Trypanosome populations could be subpassaged in the Anopheles cell cultures without loss of infectivity. Metacyclic forms separated from infective cultures by DEAE-cellulose columns had a surface coat.
The spontaneous martensitic transformations in 18% Cr, 8% Ni steels

Abstract On cooling, 18% Cr, 8% Ni steels transform martensitically to two products (ϵ and α'). Sheets representing either ϵ (h.c.p.) or stacking fault clusters have been observed to form prior to the formation of α' (b.c.c.). Photographic sequences demonstrating the formation of α' from these sheets are included. Transformation characteristics of both ϵ and α' are discussed. The morphology of the α' has been determined. It was found that the α'formed as long, narrow plates and that these plates were bounded by {111} sheets. The long direction of the plates was parallel or nearly parallel to 〈110〉. If they were parallel to 〈110〉 then the plates had {225} habit planes. If they deviated from 〈110〉 then the habit plane was not {225}; possible alternate habit planes are plotted. In addition, the {111} habit plane was observed.
Microbial complexes detected in the second/third molar region in patients with asymptomatic third molars.

Purpose: Our goal was to report the detection and levels of pathogenic bacteria in subgingival plaque samples taken from the distal of all second molars in 295 patients with asymptomatic third molars. Patients and Methods: Data assessing oral health were collected from each of these healthy patients (ASA Classes I and II). Probing depth (PD), at 6 sites per tooth, including third molars, was obtained to determine periodontal status. Subgingival plaque samples were taken from the distal of all second molars before periodontal probing. The presence and levels of 11 bacterial species were determined using whole chromosomal DNA probes and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Detected bacterial species were grouped into clusters of periodontal pathogens designated as “red” or “orange” complex microorganisms as described by Socransky et al (J Clin Periodontal 25:134, 1998) who found an association of these specific microorganisms with periodontitis. Results: As a group these relatively young patients were periodontally healthy. “Orange and red” complex microorganisms were detected at levels equal to or greater than 105 more often if patients had a PD equal to or greater than 5 mm with periodontal attachment loss at the distal of second molars or around third molars at their entry examination. In patients with no PD equal to or greater than 5 mm in the third molar region, “orange and red” complex microorganisms were detected at levels equal to or greater than 105 more frequently than would be anticipated in patients with little clinical evidence of periodontal disease. Conclusions: The clinical findings of increased periodontal PDs and periodontal attachment loss coupled with colonization of periodontal pathogens support the concept that clinical and microbial changes associated with the initiation of periodontitis may present first in the third molar region in young adults. © 2002 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons J Oral Maxillofac Surg 60:1234-1240, 2002
Expression and regulation of Kit ligand in the ovary of the hen.

The Kit system, composed of Kit ligand (KL) and its tyrosine kinase receptor, cKit, has been well characterized in mammals. Studies have shown that it is involved in signaling between the oocyte and somatic cells during the process of follicle maturation. We characterized KL mRNA expression during follicle maturation in the domestic hen, examined regulation of KL and a possible function of the Kit system. KL mRNA expression was assessed using quantitative PCR (n = 4 replicates) in follicles of various sizes (1, 3, 5, 6–12 mm, F1). Expression of KL mRNA decreased significantly (p < 0.01) with follicle development and was highest in <1 mm follicles, which contained the theca as well as granulosa layers, with high levels also found in the granulosa layer of 3 mm follicles and ovarian stroma. To study regulation of KL mRNA, granulosa cells from 6–8 mm follicles (n = 4 replicates) were plated in M199 plus 0.1% BSA in the presence of various treatments including: oocyte conditioned medium (OCM), Vitamin D3, FSH, estradiol, progesterone and testosterone. OCM caused a dose-related increase (p < 0.05) in expression of KL mRNA; Vitamin D3 increased and FSH decreased expression of KL mRNA. cKit was detected (at the expected size) in the theca layer of 3–5 mm follicles and in a lysate of whole <1 mm follicles. Culture of granulosa cells in the presence of OCM resulted in a decrease of P4 secretion, an effect blocked by pre-incubation of OCM with cKit antibody. Although OCM caused a dose-related increase in E2 secretion from theca, this was not blocked by cKit antibody.
Neurogenic Bladder in the Patient with SCI: Management Challenges in the Era of Managed Care

This article discusses the impact of managed care on the evolution of urologic management of the patient with a spinal cord injury. A brief view of urologic treatment standards is presented. We present the Marcus Community Bridge Program, an innovative case management approach to following patients after discharge. The article presents outcomes and a case study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the program.
Optimal resource investment and scheduling of tests for new product development

Previous optimization models for the scheduling of tests for pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals assume that the resources available for testing such as laboratories and scientists are constant throughout the testing horizon, and that all testing tasks have fixed cost, duration and resource requirements. In order to be able to handle more effectively a number of potential products in the R&D pipeline a company may consider the option to install/hire additional resources. Also, the type and amount of resources can be chosen for some tests to reduce their duration. In this paper we propose a new scheduling MILP model that addresses these issues to optimize the overall costs. More specifically, the model (a) allows for installation of new resources during the course of testing, and (b) handles cost and duration of tests as functions of the type and amount of the resources assigned to each test. To enhance the solution of the model we develop: (a) a reformulation with disaggregated variables, (b) a procedure for the tightening of the big-M constraints, (c) a procedure that fixes some of the sequencing binary variables, and (d) logic cuts. The solution of a single large-scale problem is avoided with a heuristic decomposition algorithm that relies on solving a reduced mixed-integer program that embeds the optimal schedules obtained for the individual products. The proposed algorithm is shown to be one to two orders of magnitude faster than the full space method yielding solutions that are optimal or near optimal.