cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ascorbic acid in man and animals.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the chemical, biochemical, and physiological properties of ascorbic acid and attempts to summarize the significant knowledge gained from nutritional investigations about the nature and prevention of scurvy in animals. The presentation emphasizes the considerable hiatus in knowledge between the known behavior of ascorbic acid and the consequences of its deficiency. Particular emphasis is given to the most recent advances of this kind, including the mechanisms of biosynthesis of ascorbic acid, the alteration of ascorbic acid metabolism in different physiological states, and the specific actions of ascorbic acid in enzyme systems. The most important recent addition of ascorbic acid is the series of stepwise enzyme reactions by which it is made in animal tissues and through which it is related to the reactions of other carbohydrates in the body. The methods for the determination of ascorbic acid have been authoritatively reviewed from time to time. The chapter surveys the variety of methods available and their individual advantages, such as biological assay, physical methods, and chemical methods. This chapter discusses the distribution of ascorbic acid in animal tissues. Ascorbic acid nutrition is elaborated. Ascorbic acid has an effect in many biological systems, in most of which it functions as a highly reducing chemical reagent or as a source of peroxide from its oxidation with air. The chapter gives attention to the effects in defined enzyme systems with an element of specificity in the requirement for ascorbic acid and alterations in enzyme activities in living animals subjected to ascorbic acid deficiency.
Semantics for Interval Probabilities

We look at the several sorts of semantics that have been provided for “probability”, and explore the possibilities of generalizing them to imprecise probabilities. The Support Set of a statement is a useful auxiliary construct, however probability is interpreted.
Health disparities among racial and ethnic groups in Rhode Island.

The health of racial and ethnic minority populations has been a focus of public health for many years, due to the disparities in health status, exposure to health risks, and access to health care that are revealed when these populations are compared to the White, non-Hispanic population. At the national level, the impact of poor health on the quality and length of life for minority citizens was considered to be so fundamental that one of the three overarching goals of Healthy People 2000 was to reduce health disparities among the disadvantaged.1 In Healthy People 2010, the goal has been made even more challenging; the nation is now committed to the elimination of such disparities entirely.
The Fiery Furnace: Performance in the Performance in the '80s, War in the '90s

The performance space at Franklin Furnace never stopped looking like the ordinary basement it was. Exposed pipes. Clip-on lights. Then, "75 people on hard folding chairs." (So Martha Wilson described the audience [Wilson 1997].) At the back a couple of windows opened on an airshaft, where the occasional intrepid performer entered the so-called stage. (There wasn't one.) The sink and refrigerator were occasionally incorporated into a piece, while the cement floor and brick walls never got an upgrade even to rec-room ambience. Yet this basement was the opposite of "nothing special." This was rare. This was an autonomous zone. Since it closed in 1990, it hasn't been replaced on the New York performance scene, and may never be. The Furnace accommodated artists the way a gallery does, but like the East Village clubs, the space was funky and impervious, the attitude "no holds barred." Here an audience could see that part of the performance art spectrum that is not about theatre, though there was that too: a first show for Eric Bogosian, for example, in 1977. Here an artist could also choose to work all week on an installation, then perform in it, or live in it. Galleries may support such a project for someone who's established, but not for the emerging artists served by the Furnace. Even at other edgy downtown venues, you had to strike the set every night. The Furnace helped fill in some very important cracks, by supporting artists who might have otherwise fallen through them. Tehching Hsieh, for example, created world-renowned year-long ordeals in the late '70s and early '8os, but had no gallery, no funding, no actual toehold in the art world. In 1981/82, he did a piece in which he lived on the street, never entering a building, subway, tent, or other shelter. The Furnace arranged to display the artifacts-the maps he made every day to show where he'd been, his greasy
Percetion of aging and sense of well-being among Latino elderly

This paper examines perception of aging and sense of well-being among Latino elderly. Data from in-depth interviews of 83 Latino elders show that perception of aging is influenced by the level and quality of social support, and fulfilled cultural expectations, and having strong faith in God. The above factors also seem to influence sense of emotional well-being despite physical functional capacity and chronic health conditions. The most reported concerns by all study participants are fear of loneliness and the prospect of living in nursing homes.
Tribute to Peter Mosses

We offer this festschrift in tribute to Peter and in celebration of his 60th birthday. An academic symposium marked this event on September 10, 2009.
High-spin manganese(II) complexes of an amido/bis(phosphine) PNP ligand.

Syntheses of several Mn complexes supported by a monoanionic amido/bis(phosphino) PNP ligand (PNP = [2-P(CHMe2)2-4-MeC6H3]2N) from anhydrous MnCl2 are reported. Treatment of (PNP)Li (2) with MnCl2 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) led to isolation of either (PNP)Mn(μ-Cl)2Li(THF)2 (5) or (PNP)MnCl (6), depending on the workup. Reaction of 6 with 2 equiv of MeLi resulted in isolation of (PNP)Mn(μ-Me)2Li(THF)2 (7) that is structurally similar to 5. Reduction of 6 in the presence of pyridine produced material analytically consistent with (PNP)Mn(py)3 (8), whereas reduction in the presence of 2,2′-bipyridine gave fully characterized (PNP)Mn(bipy) (9). Compounds 5 and 7 display magnetic moments indicative of high-spin Mn(II) (S = 5/2). The magnetic moment of 9 (S = 2) was interpreted as an antiferromagnetic combination of a high-spin Mn(II) center and a singly reduced bipyridine ligand. Addition of a single CO ligand to 9 generated diamagnetic, low-spin (PNP)Mn(bipy)(CO) (10). Solid-state structures of 5, 7, 9, and 10 w...
Teaching Undergraduates Philosophy of Education: Description of a Strategy

(1988). Teaching Undergraduates Philosophy of Education: Description of a Strategy. Teaching Education: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 34-39.
From brew town to cool town: Neoliberalism and the creative city development strategy in Milwaukee

This research critically examines a new chapter in the evolution of the entrepreneurial city; one distinguished by its reliance on Richard Florida’s thesis about the relationship between the creative class and economic growth. Since the 2002 publication of his wildly-popular book, The Rise of the Creative Class, Florida’s ideas were broadly assimilated into the infrastructure of urban entrepreneurialism across the United States. This was especially the case in slow-growth metropolitan areas, where it was hoped that a “creative city” development strategy might reverse decades of relative decline. Using Milwaukee, Wisconsin as a representative case study, this paper scrutinizes the actions of that city’s image-makers, planners, and municipal actors, who together orchestrated a new round of urban promotional activities and planning strategies. What made this new round of growth coalition activities unique was that it highlighted a distinct set of urban motifs presumably commensurate with creative class lifestyles, cultural practices, and consumption habits. Following MacLeod [MacLeod, G (2002) From urban entrepreneurialism to a “revanchist city”?: on the spatial injustices of Glasgow’s renaissance. Antipode 34(3), 602–614], Maliszewski [Maliszewski, P (2004) Flexibility and its discontents. The Baffler 16, 69–79] and Peck [Peck, J (2005) Struggling with the creative class. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 29(4), 740–770], this work argues that this creative city growth strategy worked primarily to repackage and strengthen the extant downtown-based property-led development paradigm. The marriage of Florida’s ideas with municipal action therefore brought into even sharper relief what was already one of the most economically and racially polarized large cities in the United States.
Technetium reduction in sediments of a shallow aquifer exhibiting dissimilatory iron reduction potential

Pertechnetate ion [Tc(VII)O4−] reduction rate was determined in core samples from a shallow sandy aquifer located on the US Atlantic Coastal Plain. The aquifer is generally low in dissolved O2 ( 4.3 were generally sufficient for complete reduction of Tc(VII) added [1–2.5 μmol (dry wt. sediment) g−1]. At these Fe(II) concentrations, the Tc (VII) reduction rate exceeded that observed previously for Fe(II)-mediated reduction on isolated solids of geologic or biogenic origin, suggesting that sediment Fe(II) was either more reactive and/or that electron shuttles played a role in sediment Tc(VII) reduction processes. In buried peats, Fe(II) in excess did not result in complete removal of Tc from solution, perhaps because organic complexation of Tc(IV) limited formation of the Tc(IV) hydrous oxide. In some sands exhibiting Fe(II)/Tc(VII) concentrations <1.1, there was presumptive evidence for direct enzymatic reduction of Tc(VII). Addition of organic electron donors (acetate, lactate) resulted in microbial reduction of (up to 35%) Fe(III) and corresponding increases in extractable Fe(II) in sands that exhibited lowest initial Tc(VII) reduction and highest hydraulic conductivities, suggesting that accelerated microbial reduction of Fe(III) could offer a viable means of attenuating mobile Tc(VII) in this type of sediment system.
NATURAL HEALTH DISCOURSES AND THE THERAPEUTIC PRODUCTION OF CONSUMER RESISTANCE

Social critics of the natural health movement charge that it indoctrinates consumers in a therapeutic consumerist ideology. This “dominated consumer” thesis ignores that socially situated individua...
PC12 CELL AGGREGATION AND NEURITE GROWTH IN GELS OF COLLAGEN, LAMININ AND FIBRONECTIN

PC12 cells form aggregates when suspended within three-dimensional, self-assembled, type I collagen gels; these aggregates increase in size over time. In addition, when the cells are cultured in the presence of nerve growth factor, they express neurites, which extend through the three-dimensional matrix. In this report, the roles of fibronectin, laminin and nerve growth factor in PC12 cell aggregation and neurite growth following suspension in collagen matrices were evaluated. Single cells and small clusters of cells were suspended in collagen gels; the kinetics of aggregation were determined by measurement of the projected area of each aggregate, and neurite lengths were determined by measurement of end-to-end distance. Fibronectin and laminin inhibited the aggregation of PC12 cells at 50 micrograms/ml, and fibronectin, but not laminin, inhibited the growth of neurites at 100 micrograms/ml. In the absence of serum, the aggregation of cells cultured with nerve growth factor was almost completely inhibited, but the average neurite length was unaffected. In the presence of nerve growth factor, the extent of cell aggregation could not be explained simply by an increase in cell number, suggesting the presence of two separate mechanisms for aggregate growth: one dependent on cell motility and another dependent on cell proliferation.
Emergency Commitment of People Residing in Assisted Living Facilities

The objective of this study was to describe emergency commitment of people from assisted living facilities (ALFs) and to discuss relevant policy issues. This study used statewide, archival emergency commitment data from July 2000 through June 2008. During the 1 year from July 07 through June 08 there were 3,061 people with 4,163 emergency commitments from ALFs. Some individuals had more than one emergency commitment during the year, with 20% having between 2 and 9 emergency commitments from ALFs. Some of these individuals also had substantial numbers of emergency commitments in the 7 years from July 2000 through June 2007. Discussed are possible factors related to emergency commitment from ALFs and the need for additional research on these topics. This includes availability of mental health services for these populations, the role of client characteristics, and how licensing of ALFs relates to emergency commitment of ALF residents.
Speech-sound discrimination skills as measured by reaction time for normal and articulatory defective speaking children.

Reaction time measures were obtained from 30 normal speaking children and 30 articulatory defective children on a task which required determining similarities or differences between speech sounds p...
Pistachio seed chalcid, Megastigmus pistaciae Walker (Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in California.

A pistachio seed chalcid, Megastigmus pistaciae Walker, is a pest of pistachios in North Africa and Mediterranean and Middle East countries. It was first discovered in North America in Chico, California, in 1967. Its distribution now includes major portions of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys and limited areas of southern California. Hosts recorded worldwide include eight species of Pistacia and one species of Shinus . Nut and sticky trap collections indicate two primary flight periods per year.
The epidemiology of dry eye disease

Purpose: The goals of the Epidemiology Subcommittee of the 2007 Dry Eye WorkShop were to evaluate and present knowledge on the epidemiology of dry eye disease, to summarize dry eye risk factors and and to review and assess dry eye questionnaires. Methods: Review of the published English language literature of dry eye epidemiologic and clinical studies which included dry eye questionnaires and which used rigorous methods was performed. Dry eye questionnaires were required to have been used in clinical trials or epidemiologic studies, undergone psychometric evaluation and be publically available. Results: Based on large epidemiologic studies, the age-specific prevalence of dry eye ranges from 5 to 35%. Different operational definitions of dry eye are likely to be responsible for some of the disparity between studies. There are very little data on the natural history and incidence of dry eye. The public health importance of dry eye is heightened by the high proportion of older people affected and the aging of the world population. Dry eye can have a deleterious impact on ocular and general heath and quality of life and visual function. Both direct and indirect costs exist for dry eye. Major risk factors for dry eye include age, female sex, certain medications and diseases, incisional refractive surgery, nutritional intake of essential fatty acids and disturbance in sex hormones due to a variety of causes. Conclusions: There is a need to expand epidemiological studies to more geographic regions, to include multiple races /ethnicities and to establish a consensus on diagnostic criteria for epidemiological studies. Dry eye questionnaires should be responsive, reproducible, with a specified recall period, validated and appropriate for the use. Vision targeted quality of life and prevention strategies warrant further study.
Mediated responding on a multiple-choice test-only list following the acquisition of a double-function list

A mediation paradigm employing a “double-function” paired-associate list for the acquisition of the A-B and B-C chaining associations was investigated. Following acquisition of the double-function list, Ss received four multiple-choice test trials on a list containing “chaining” items for which one alternative could be chosen on the basis of a mediating chain. The tendency to choose the alternative represented by the mediating chain was significantly greater than chance in an unmixed list but was of only borderline significance for chaining items in a mixed list, for which only half the items were chaining items.
Sequential Fibrinolytic Treatment with Urokinase and rt-TPA in two Cases of Acute Arterial Thromboembolism—Case Reports

Thrombolytic drugs may be an alternative therapy for acute limb ischemia in patients who are not surgically treatable.Two cases of acute limb ischemia managed successfully with a sequential intraarterial infusion of urokinase and recombinant-type tissue plasminogen activator (rt-TPA) are reported.The positive results suggest the two drugs have a synergistic action. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the interactions between these thrombolytic agents
Frangere..decision support in many dimensions or..how to break the old spread sheet approach

This paper describes FRANGERE, IBM's new technique for providing decision support for the planning and control process. It provides management information from a multi-dimensional data structure which the user can view, along any dimensions, as a series of 'pages' or spread-sheets. The information in this structure can be summarised upwards, 'broken back' downwards, or moved sideways, between files on different computers and in different parts of the world. In addition, the planning information in this multi-dimensional structure can be compared with the 'actual' figures held elsewhere on computer files, and in totally different formats. The package provides full-screen support on coloured screens, full system 'help' facilities, and understandable error messages. It provides a large set of pictorial and tabular reports and is a system which the new user can grow into gradually, learning the more advanced facilities at a speed that matches his desires.
Enhanced growth of Acidovorax sp. strain 2AN during nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation in batch and continuous-flow systems.

ABSTRACT Microbial nitrate-dependent, Fe(II) oxidation (NDFO) is a ubiquitous biogeochemical process in anoxic sediments. Since most microorganisms that can oxidize Fe(II) with nitrate require an additional organic substrate for growth or sustained Fe(II) oxidation, the energetic benefits of NDFO are unclear. The process may also be self-limiting in batch cultures due to formation of Fe-oxide cell encrustations. We hypothesized that NDFO provides energetic benefits via a mixotrophic physiology in environments where cells encounter very low substrate concentrations, thereby minimizing cell encrustations. Acidovorax sp. strain 2AN was incubated in anoxic batch reactors in a defined medium containing 5 to 6 mM NO3−, 8 to 9 mM Fe2+, and 1.5 mM acetate. Almost 90% of the Fe(II) was oxidized within 7 days with concomitant reduction of nitrate and complete consumption of acetate. Batch-grown cells became heavily encrusted with Fe(III) oxyhydroxides, lost motility, and formed aggregates. Encrusted cells could neither oxidize more Fe(II) nor utilize further acetate additions. In similar experiments with chelated iron (Fe(II)-EDTA), encrusted cells were not produced, and further additions of acetate and Fe(II)-EDTA could be oxidized. Experiments using a novel, continuous-flow culture system with low concentrations of substrate, e.g., 100 μM NO3−, 20 μM acetate, and 50 to 250 μM Fe2+, showed that the growth yield of Acidovorax sp. strain 2AN was always greater in the presence of Fe(II) than in its absence, and electron microscopy showed that encrustation was minimized. Our results provide evidence that, under environmentally relevant concentrations of substrates, NDFO can enhance growth without the formation of growth-limiting cell encrustations.
Composition of the neutral lipids from termite queens

Abstract Lipids from various organs of Macrotermes natalensis and Macrotermes goliath queens were studied by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). Haemolymph lipids contain large quantities of hydrocarbons and approximately 55 per cent of fatty acids as esters. Iso -propanol is present in ester form and also some long-chain alcohols. Total cholesterol for the two species is 450 g/ml and 764 μ g/ml respectively. Lipids from reproductive organs consist mainly of triglycerides, with some free fatty acids (FFA). Hydrocarbons and long-chain alcohols are also present, but no volatile alcohols. Fat body lipids consist predominantly of TGL and fairly large quantities of phospholipids (PL). All organs contain C 16 : 0 , C 18 : 1 , and C 18 : 2 as major fatty acids, C 16 : 1 , C 18 : 0 , and C 18 : 3 are also present but in smaller quantities.
Data base management systems on minicomputers

Since the mid-1960s, there have been tremendous advancements in minicomputer hardware and software. More recently, there has been the implementation of comprehensive file management techniques and data base management systems (DBMS).
Field ionization at a surface modified by chemically bound carboxylic acid groups

Methods are described for the attachment of organosilanes containing functional groups to the surface of cobalt emitters. X-ray electron spectroscopy of the modified surface demonstrates the attachment of such groups even after treatment using conditions identical to those 7 in a field descrption source. When carboxylic acid groups are attached to the surface, they are found to protonate compounds having proton affinities as low as 168 kcal mol−1 in the intense field at the emitter surface; the reason for this enhancement of zero-field acidity is explored.
Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of Naproxen Tablets and Suspension in Children

Twenty-three children, aged 8 to 14 years, with postoperative pain, were randomly assigned to receive a fixed 250-mg dose (4.66-7.58 mg/kg) of naproxen as either a liquid suspension or tablet. After an overnight fast, the serum concentrations were measured before and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 hours after administration of naproxen. The concentration versus time data were best fit to a one-compartment open model. The area under the concentration versus time curve, apparent volume of distribution (VDss/F), and elimination parameters (CL/F, Ke, elimination half-life) were similar in children who received suspension or tablets. Although the apparent maximum peak plasma concentration (Cmax) was greater in children who received tablets compared with those who received the suspension, Cmax/area under the curve (AUC), apparent time to maximum peak concentration (tmax), Ka, and estimated time to 10%, 50%, and 90% absorption (T10, T50, T90) were not different. The dose range was relatively narrow; hence, direct relationships between dose and elimination parameters, VDss/F, apparent tmax, Ka, T10, T50 or T90 were not observed. Neither VDss/F or CL/F were age related over the relatively narrow range of ages that were studied. Elimination of naproxen in our patients was more rapid than has previously been reported in children or adults, however. From a practical standpoint, naproxen tablets and suspension seem to be bioequivalent in fasting children ages 8 to 14 years.
Differential electrophysiological and behavioral responses to optically active derivatives of phencyclidine

Dextro-and levorotatory isomers of 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)-3-methylpiperidine (PCMP) were synthesized. Both isomers inhibited spontaneous cerebellar Purkinje neuron firing when applied locally by pressure ejection. This effect was dose-dependent, with the (+)-isomer about 5–7 times more potent than the (−)-isomer. Both isomers also depressed rotarod performance in mice. Again, the (+)-isomer was about 5 times more potent than the (−)-isomer. Both rotarod performance and Purkinje cell discharge were depressed maximally 10–15 min after i.p. injection of drug. Our results suggest a correlation between behavioral performance and central neuron electrophysiological activity and suggest that the central actions of PCP or its derivatives are probably mediated at one locus, by a stereospecific mechanism.
BIST/Digital-Compatible Testing of RF Devices Using Distortion Model Fitting

Testing of Radio Frequency (RF) circuits for nonlinearity specifications generally requires the use of multiple test measurements thereby contributing to increased test cost. Prior RF test methods have suffered from significant test calibration effort (training for supervised learners) when using compact tests or from increased test time due to direct specification measurement. On the other hand, due to aggressive technology scaling, there are plenty of digital transistors available that can be used to simplify testing of Analog/Mixed-Signal (AMS) and RF devices. In this paper, an RF test methodology is developed that: (a) allows RF devices to be tested for several distortion specifications using distortion model fitting algorithms in test time comparable to what can be achieved using supervised learning techniques while retaining the accuracy of direct specification measurement, (b) allows multiple RF specifications to be determined concurrently from a single data acquisition and (c) allows digital-compatible testing/BIST to be performed using digital testers or on-chip built in self-test (BIST) circuitry. With regard to (a), a key benefit is that no training of supervised learning algorithm is necessary. The proposed method based on distortion model fitting is shown to give excellent results across common RF performance metrics while providing ~10× improvements in test time compared to previous methods.
The times they are a-changing

These are boom times for the study of recycled radio pulsars, and not only because of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics awarded to Russell Hulse and Joe Taylor for their discovery of the first binary pulsar. A new generation of sensitive surveys aimed at high galactic latitudes and globular clusters is turning up these pulsars at a remarkable rate: the most recent pulsar catalogue, already outdated, lists 29 binary pulsars and a dozen more that were probably spun-up by mass transfer from a companion that has since been destroyed or lost. In aggregate, these pulsars have become a sample large enough for meaningful statistical investigations, while individually they show a rich variety of fascinating astrophysics.
Oriented divisions, fate decisions

During development, the establishment of proper tissue architecture depends upon the coordinated control of cell divisions not only in space and time, but also direction. Execution of an oriented cell division requires establishment of an axis of polarity and alignment of the mitotic spindle along this axis. Frequently, the cleavage plane also segregates fate determinants, either unequally or equally between daughter cells, the outcome of which is either an asymmetric or symmetric division, respectively. The last few years have witnessed tremendous growth in understanding both the extrinsic and intrinsic cues that position the mitotic spindle, the varied mechanisms in which the spindle orientation machinery is controlled in diverse organisms and organ systems, and the manner in which the division axis influences the signaling pathways that direct cell fate choices.
4,5-Bis(diphenylthiophosphinoyl)-1,2,3-triazole, LT-S2: a new varidentate ligand containing diphenylthiophosphinoyl moieties

Abstract The novel ligand 4,5-bis(diphenylthiophosphinoyl)-1,2,3-triazole, LT-S2H, has been synthesized, converted to the triethylamine salt, and to the palladium complexes Pd[LT-S2]2 and Pd[LT-S2][η3-methallyl]. Structures of LT-S2H, of its 2-acetyl derivative, of Pd[LT-S2]2 and Pd[LT-S2][η3-methallyl] were determined by X-ray crystallography. In the last two complexes the LT-S2 ligand was N,S-bonded.
Febrile responses of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) to bacterial pyrogens

Abstract 1. 1|Bluegill exhibited a mean increase in preferred temperature of 2.5°C following intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin from the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. 2. 2.|Intraperitoneal injection of killed gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus caused a mean increase of 2.6°C. 3. 3.|These febrile responses are similar to the 2.7°C increase in response to injection of killed gram-negative Aeromonas hydrophila.
PURPLE MEMBRANE ANALOGS SYNTHESIZED FROM C17 ALDEHYDE

— All-trans, 11-cis and 9-cis isomers of the C17 aldehyde analogs of retinal bound with purple membrane apoprotein, probably through a Schiff base linkage at the normal retinal binding site. The complex formed from C17 aldehyde and purple membrane apoprotein was slowly decomposed by 10mM hydroxylamine. The C17 aldehyde competitively inhibited the regeneration of purple membrane from all-trans-retinal and purple membrane apoprotein. The differential ability of the different isomers to inhibit the regeneration suggests that purple membrane has a binding site for the side chain of retinal in addition to the Schiff base binding site.
Design and Analysis of Retaining Ring Locking Key Groove in Turbine Generators

Retaining rings in a turbine generator serve to restrain the rotor endwindings from tremendous centrifugal forces and axial forces experienced at high rotating speeds. The failure of these rings in service can cause catastrophic damage to not just the generator, but to the entire power plant. In order to optimize the generator retaining ring design for enhancing operation reliability, the retaining ring stress analysis was performed using a finite element model. Based on the results, the innovative design of the retaining ring locking key grooves was proposed for achieving favorable stress reduction and cost benefit.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Bialaphos resistance as a dominant selectable marker in Neurospora crassa

Conidia of Neurospora crassa are sensitive to the herbicide bialaphos at concentrations of 160 mg/1 in Westergaard's or Fries' minimal media. Plasmid pJA4 was constructed by inserting a truncated bar gene from Streptomyces hygroscopicus fused to the his-3 promoter from N. crassa into pUC19. The bar gene in plasmid pJA4 confers resistance to bialaphos when transformants are selected on a medium containing bialaphos. The bar gene can be used as an additional dominant selectable marker for transformation of fungi.
Body image dissatisfaction among women with scleroderma: extent and relationship to psychosocial function.

Body image dissatisfaction and its relationship to psychosocial function were investigated in 127 women with scleroderma. Results indicated elevated body image dissatisfaction, with participants reporting higher levels than a sample of patients with severe burn injuries. Age, skin tightening above the elbows, and functional disability were related to heightened body image dissatisfaction, suggesting that younger patients with more severe disease may be at greatest risk for developing body image concerns. Path analysis revealed that depression mediated the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and psychosocial function. Results suggest that body image dissatisfaction is a significant concern in women with scleroderma and should be assessed routinely. Early identification and treatment of body image dissatisfaction may help prevent the development of depression and psychosocial impairment in this population.
Quantitative Analysis of the Long- and Short-arm Crescentic Shelf Bunionectomy Osteotomies in Fresh Cadaveric Matched Pair Specimens

Two variations of crescentic shelf osteotomies have been described for the treatment of moderate to severe hallux abductovalgus: a short arm and a long arm. This study tested the hypothesis that the short-arm osteotomy will have a greater moment to failure and angular stiffness than the long arm. Eighteen first metatarsal specimens were dissected from 9 matched pairs of fresh frozen cadaveric specimens. One metatarsal from each pair received a short-arm osteotomy, whereas the other received a long-arm osteotomy. Each osteotomy was fixed with 2 screws. The short arm was fixed with 1 oblique screw and 1 dorsal-to-plantar screw. The long arm was fixed with 2 dorsal-to-plantar screws: 1 at the proximal aspect and 1 at the distal aspect of the shelf. Each specimen was loaded in a materials testing machine to measure moment to failure and angular stiffness. The base of the first metatarsal was potted and load applied to the plantar aspect of the metatarsal head at a constant rate until failure of the osteotomy. The mean maximum moment to failure of the short arm was significantly greater than the long arm (2.04 ± 0.96 Newton meter [Nm] vs. 1.48 ± 0.67 Nm, P = .03). The mean angular stiffness was significantly greater for short arm versus long arm (23.8 ± 19.11 Nm/radian vs. 0.98 ± 9.08 Nm/radian, P = .01). We report statistically significant data supporting the short-arm crescentic shelf osteotomy to have a greater moment to failure and angular stiffness compared with the long-arm crescentic shelf osteotomy.
Investigations on Nutrient Factors Limiting Phytoplankton Productivity in Two Central Virginia Ponds

. Laboratory and field studies were initiated to evaluate at regular intervals by 14C and chlorophyll enrichment bioassay some of the nutrients, particularly ammonia, that might limit phytoplankton photosynthesis in two central Virginia ponds. Preliminary comparisons of the phytoplankton, their production, and the chemical characteristics of the water were determined. Ammonia, phosphate, nitrate, iron, carbon dioxide, silica and chloride differed most markedly among the various nutrients analyzed. Investigations were continued to compare the validity of using field and laboratory ecosystem work to predict changes in trophic levels resulting from nutrient enrichment, i.e., eutrophication. Laboratory experiments using aquatic microecosystems and field experiments employing in situ plastic cylinders and battery jars support the view that ammonia is a key factor regulating “trophic” features in these two ponds.
Artificial Neural Network Prediction Models for Soil Compaction and Permeability

This paper presents Artificial Neural Network (ANN) prediction models which relate permeability, maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content with classification properties of the soils. The ANN prediction models were developed from the results of classification, compaction and permeability tests, and statistical analyses. The test soils were prepared from four soil components, namely, bentonite, limestone dust, sand and gravel. These four components were blended in different proportions to form 55 different mixes. The standard Proctor compaction tests were adopted, and both the falling and constant head test methods were used in the permeability tests. The permeability, MDD and optimum moisture content (OMC) data were trained with the soil’s classification properties by using an available ANN software package. Three sets of ANN prediction models are developed, one each for the MDD, OMC and permeability (PMC). A combined ANN model is also developed to predict the values of MDD, OMC, and PMC. A comparison with the test data indicates that predictions within 95% confidence interval can be obtained from the ANN models developed. Practical applications of these prediction models and the necessary precautions for using these models are discussed in detail in this paper.
Determining terrestrial paleotemperatures using the oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonate

Abstract Quantifying terrestrial paleotemperatures has proven to be a challenging endeavor. This paper explores the use of the oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic calcite for terrestrial paleotemperature reconstructions. We generate three paleotemperature equations, two of them derived by simultaneous solution of equations that describe the fractionation of oxygen isotopes in the exogenic cycle, while the third equation is derived using a linear regression through modern δ18Occ / MAT (oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic calcite versus mean annual temperature) data. We use the paleotemperature equations to evaluate climate change across the K–T boundary by analyzing the oxygen isotopic composition of pedogenic carbonates from a series of stacked paleosols in west Texas. The fabrics in the calcite nodules were evaluated in order to identify soil carbonate components that have the best chance of containing isotopic information that represents ancient pedogenic conditions. The average temperature for West Texas during the time period studied is 18+ / − 0.5 °C. Two temperature excursions are recognized prior to the K–T boundary in which terrestrial temperatures increase by about 4 °C for relatively short periods of time. These short greenhouse events documented in west Texas correlate with changes in marine temperatures as well as terrestrial temperatures in North Dakota during the same time period. Latitudinal temperature gradients generated using the West Texas and North Dakota data indicate that the spatial simultaneous solution yields the most reliable temperature reconstructions of the three equations considered in this study.
Functional-Coefficient Autoregressive Models

In this article we propose a new class of models for nonlinear time series analysis, investigate properties of the proposed model, and suggest a modeling procedure for building such a model. The proposed modeling procedure makes use of ideas from both parametric and nonparametric statistics. A consistency result is given to support the procedure. For illustration we apply the proposed model and procedure to several data sets and show that the resulting models substantially improve postsample multi-step ahead forecasts over other models.
Stochastic Modeling of Branch-and-Bound Algorithms with Best-First Search

Branch-and-bound algorithms are organized and intelligently structured searches of solutions in a combinatorially large problem space. In this paper, we propose an approximate stochastic model of branch-and-bound algorithms with a best-first search. We have estimated the average memory space required and have predicted the average number of subproblems expanded before the process terminates. Both measures are exponentials of sublinear exponent. In addition, we have also compared the number of subproblems expanded in a best-first search to that expanded in a depth-first search. Depth-first search has been found to have computational complexity comparable to best-first search when the lower-bound function is very accurate or very inaccurate; otherwise, best-fit search is usually better. The results obtained are useful in studying the efficient evaluation of branch-and-bound algorithms in a virtual memory environment. They also confirm that approximations are very effective in reducing the total number of iterations.
BALANCE RETRAINING IN A HEMIPARETIC PATIENT USING CENTER OF GRAVITY BIOFEEDBACK: A SINGLE-CASE STUDY

A single-subject experimental design was used to evaluate the effects of center of gravity biofeedback on retraining balance control in a 72-yr.-old male hemiparetic patient. For both assessment and training the subject stood on dual force-plates enclosed on three sides by a visual surround. A 4-wk. training period consisted of subject-initiated shifts in body weight to control movement of a real-time computer display of the subject's center of gravity. A Sensory Organization Test and evaluation of weight distribution indicated that biofeedback retraining positively affected balance control during dynamic conditions and when the ground support moved forward.
Plant adaptation to low temperature stress

Tolerance to freezing is the most common strategy for plants to survive freezing stress. The ability to increase freezing tolerance in response to low nonfreezing temperatures, i.e. cold acclimation, is essential for plants to overwinter in temperate habitats. Cold acclimation is thought to be governed by a complex of genes, inducible by low temperatures, and involves a number of changes that could protect plant cells against freezing stress. Synthesis of the products of cold-regulated genes leads to the final increase in freezing resistance. Because of the complexity of the changes required to achieve maximal cold hardiness, many genes may be involved in the overall process of cold acclimation.
International Health Care Perspectives: The Cameroon Example:

The purpose of this article is to describe the health care system in the West African country of Cameroon and to make recommendations for quality improvement. The Cameroon health care system, used here as an example of the type of system often encountered in developing countries, is described in terms of factors influencing its operation with subsequent health outcomes. International assistance and collaboration with developed countries to improve the Cameroon health care system and health status of the Cameroon people are recommended.
Translocation 10;18 in a patient with juvenile neuronal ceroid- lipofuscinosis (Batten disease)

We report the first observation of a chromosome abnormality in a patient with typical juvenile ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL), who was found to have an apparently balanced translocation between chromosomes 10 and 18 [t(10 ;18)(q22.1 ;q21.1)]. Since juvenile NCL was previously mapped to 16p12, this report raises the possibility of heterogeneity in this form of NCL. © 1995 Wiley.Liss, Inc.
Structures and dynamic properties of aluminium-group 16 derivatives

Caracterisation structurale de composes organiques de l'aluminium: composes d'addition de type R 3 Al•Er' 2 , derives alcoxy et thiolates, complexes dinucleaires pontes
Property integration: Componentless design techniques and visualization tools

Standard techniques for process design are based on tracking individual chemical species. Component material balances are at the heart of any design approach. Nonetheless, many design problems are not component dependent, but are driven by properties. Recently, the concept of clustering has been introduced to enable the conserved tracking of surrogate properties. Hence, the process design can be optimized, based on integrating properties instead of chemical species. Systematic techniques have been developed for this new paradigm of property integration to illustrate its applicability. Property integration is defined as a functionality-based, holistic approach to the allocation and manipulation of streams and processing units, which is based on tracking, adjusting, assigning, and matching functionalities throughout the process. Revised lever arm rules are devised to allow optimal allocation while maintaining intra- and interstream conservation of the property-based clusters. The property integration problem is mapped into the cluster domain. This dual problem is solved in terms of clusters and then mapped to the primal problem in the property domain. Several new rules are derived for graphical techniques. Particularly, systematic rules and visualization techniques for the identification of optimal mixing of streams and their allocation to units. Furthermore, a derivation of the correspondence between clustering arms and fractional contribution of streams is presented. This correspondence is employed to minimize the usage of fresh resources by minimizing cluster arms. The selection of optimal values of the augmented property index is also developed. Finally, graphical tools are devised for task identification of property adjustment. The new techniques are illustrated using a case study on fiber recovery in papermaking. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 1854–1869, 2004
Late recurrence in endometrial carcinoma

This report describes a patient with a recurrence of endometrial carcinoma 26.5 years after diagnosis, a much longer interval to recurrence than previously reported. She presented at age 47 years with an International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grade 2, Stage IA adenoacanthoma and was treated with an intracavitary radium implant followed by radical hysterectomy. Pathologic examination showed the tumor to be confined to the corpus with only superficial myometrial invasion. She subsequently developed an isolated lower vaginal recurrence histologically identical to the original tumor. The patient was retreated with radiation therapy, and is currently alive and free of disease. This report emphasizes the possibility of late recurrence of endometrial carcinoma even with favorable prognostic features (Stage I, superficial invasion, younger than age 50 years, adenoacanthoma, preoperative irradiation).
Photoexcitation and Photoionization of Neutral Manganese Acceptors in Gallium Arsenide

Transitions to loosely bound excited-hole states of the manganese acceptor and photoionization to the valence band are observed. The manganese ionization energy is consistent with that predicted from conduction-electron capture luminescence, but optical-phonon-assisted transitions are lower in intensity.
Distribution of foraminifera in surface waters of a coastal upwelling area

BIOCOENOSES of planktonic foraminifera are usually accepted to be good indicators of different sorts of oceanic water masses1, and it is assumed that their ecological requirements have not changed drastically during the Quaternary2. Their remains have, therefore, been used for approximately the past 40 yr (ref. 3) to study, qualitatively as well as quantitatively, the palaeoclimatic record4 preserved in young, calcareous, deep-sea sediments. Despite this, however, the mechanism of the formation of death assemblages and sediment assemblages is very poorly understood, mainly because the distribution pattern of planktonic foraminiferal biocoenoses and their output of shell material is only poorly known.
Problems and potentials of linking acquisitions and circulation systems

Various links between acquisitions and circulation systems are possible whether manual or automated. Design considerations of such interfaces between vendor and/or in-house systems must consider record formats, linking data fields, and future demands of maintaining the interface. The greatest advantages to circulation and acquisitions functions are generally realized in the areas of transferring rather than recreating data, as well as collection development information. Benefits to other library functions and programs must also be considered in the overall development and evaluation.
Incorporation of subcutaneously administered iron-59 by mouse erythrocytes.

IN experiments on the uptake of iron-59 by mouse erythrocytes the isotope is usually administered intravenously (jugular or tail vein), or intraperitoneally. Anaesthesia and incision are required for jugular venipuncture, and part of the iron-59 may be lost by extravasation. Damage to the abdominal organs or accidental injection of iron-59 into the intestine can occur during intraperitoneal injection. The subcutaneous injection of iron-59 is more rapid and is free from the problems that may be encountered during intravenous or intraperitoneal administration.
Cylindrical Taylor states conserving total absolute magnetic helicity

The Taylor state of a three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field in an upright cylindrical domain V is derived from first principles as an extremum of the total magnetic energy subject to a conserved, total absolute helicity Habs. This new helicity [Low, Phys. Plasmas 18, 052901 (2011)] is distinct from the well known classical total helicity and relative total helicity in common use to describe wholly-contained and anchored fields, respectively. A given field B, tangential along the cylindrical side of V, may be represented as a unique linear superposition of two flux systems, an axially extended system along V and a strictly transverse system carrying information on field-circulation. This specialized Chandrasekhar-Kendall representation defines Habs and permits a neat formulation of the boundary-value problem (BVP) for the Taylor state as a constant-α force-free field, treating 3D wholly-contained and anchored fields on the same conceptual basis. In this formulation, the governing equation is a scalar integ...