cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mice Deficient in the Fused Homolog Do Not Exhibit Phenotypes Indicative of Perturbed Hedgehog Signaling during Embryonic Development

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays a major role in multiple aspects of embryonic development. To understand how a single Hh signal is capable of generating distinct readouts in Hh-responsive cells requires elucidation of the signal transduction cascade at the molecular level. Key components that mediate Hh signal transduction downstream of the receptor include Fused (Fu), Suppressor of fused (Sufu), and Costal-2 (Cos2) or the vertebrate homologs Kif27/Kif7. Studies with both invertebrates and vertebrates have led to a model in which a protein complex composed of Fu, Sufu, and Cos2 controls the processing, activity, and subcellular distribution of the Ci/Gli transcription factors responsible for Hh target gene activation. These converging results obtained with different species reaffirm the prevailing view of pathway conservation during evolution. Genetic studies of Fu, Sufu, and Kif27/Kif7 in mice are required to provide further verification of Hh pathway conservation. To this end, we generated a gene-targeted allele of Fu in mice. Surprisingly, our analysis indicates that Fu-deficient mice do not exhibit any embryonic phenotypes indicative of perturbed Hh signaling. This could be due to either functional redundancy or Hh pathway divergence and clearly indicates greater complexity of Hh signaling in vertebrates. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays a key role in inductive interactions in various tissues during animal development, and deregulation of the pathway in humans is associated with various congenital anomalies and tumors (33, 53, 87). The main players in the Hh signaling pathway appear to be conserved between invertebrates and vertebrates (29, 33, 48, 53). Moreover, many aspects of Hh signaling characterized so far are also conserved (29, 33, 48, 53). This leads to the view that little change in Hh pathway design has occurred over millions of years of evolution, and it is widely believed that principles derived from studies with simpler organisms will be applicable to more complex animal models.
Thermodynamic Properties of the Aluminum‐Silver System

An electrode potential study of the liquid aluminum‐silver system has been conducted with the cell in the temperature range 700°–980°C. The activities of both components, , , , and were determined for 700° and 900°C, and and for the temperature range of 700°–980°C. The activity curves are found to be similar in shape to those estimated by Chou and Elliott, but they are more ideal in the vicinity of pure Al. Values for in the liquid systems Al‐Fe, Al‐Fe‐C, and Al‐Fe‐Si‐C at 1600°C have been redetermined using the distribution data of Chipman and Floridis, and Chipman and Langenberg.
Bytes, and pixels and pieces of information.

I sat on the curb outside the hospital. Alone. Rejected for requested diagnostic testing in yet another hospital, in another far away clinic, because I did not “look” like I had thoracic outlet syn...
Improving Read Performance with Online Access Pattern Analysis and Prefetching

Among the major challenges of transitioning to exascale in HPC is the ubiquitous I/O bottleneck. For analysis and visualization applications in particular, this bottleneck is exacerbated by the write-onceread- many property of most scientific datasets combined with typically complex access patterns. One promising way to alleviate this problem is to recognize the application’s access patterns and utilize them to prefetch data, thereby overlapping computation and I/O. However, current research methods for analyzing access patterns are either offline-only and/or lack the support for complex access patterns, such as high-dimensional strided or composition-based unstructured access patterns. Therefore, we propose an online analyzer capable of detecting both simple and complex access patterns with low computational and memory overhead and high accuracy. By combining our pattern detection with prefetching,we consistently observe run-time reductions, up to 26%, across 18 configurations of PIOBench and 4 configurations of a micro-benchmark with both structured and unstructured access patterns.
Biometric Inspired Mobile Network Authentication and Protocol Validation

This paper pioneers an experimentation on assessing security and performance of a well-established biometric authentication protocol. Using the gold standard in software reliability, a path-oriented software quality control tool, the work exploits the attack surface leveraging path analysis. The test not only identifies security vulnerabilities in a system but also pinpoints those vulnerabilities at real security risk to optimize resource allocation. The automated holistic examination of the authentication process reveals a weakness in the biometric authentication protocol at study. The attack map generated from the analysis directs its improvement. Reexamination validates the security of the protocol. The work also studies the computational complexity of the protocol, thereby, recommends the key length suitable to biometric authentication for wireless body area networks.
The Abolition of Colonial and Pre-Colonial ‘Slavery’ From Ceylon (Sri Lanka)

ABSTRACTSlavery existed in Sri Lanka from ancient times down to the modern period, roughly from the second century and until the mid-nineteenth century. But the institution of slavery showed wide variation in the conditions of individuals and modes of enslavement and also in ownership over the centuries. A clear change could be perceived in the type of servitude among the Sinhalese, especially during the pre-colonial period and in the mode of servitude introduced and practised by the colonialists from the sixteenth century onwards. The article examines these differences in order to understand why and how this system of servitude, which was present from ancient times, came to an end during the colonial period of British supremacy in Ceylon.
Targeted next-generation sequencing detects a high frequency of potentially actionable mutations in metastatic breast cancers.

Abstract Background Metastatic breast cancer is a genetically heterogeneous disease and effective therapies for advanced stage disease are limited. Methods In this study, distant metastases of 22 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer samples were sequenced using the Ion Torrent PGM and the 50 gene AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 from 10 ng of extracted DNA using 318 chips. Data analysis was performed with the Ion Torrent Variant Caller Plugin (hg19) and Golden Helix's SVS software for annotation and prediction of the significance of the variants. Results All patients were female with a median age of 61 years (range 37–85 years). Metastatic sites included liver (n = 6, 27%), skin (n = 5, 23%), brain (n = 4, 18%), lymph node (n = 3, 14%), lung (n = 2, 9%), retroperitoneum (n = 1, 4.5%), and colon (n = 1, 4.5%). Overall, 28 variants in 11 genes were observed. Five (23%) samples showed no alterations and 17 (77%) showed at least one potentially biologically significant variant (BSV) defined as having FDA-approved drugs or clinical trials evaluating their significance. BSVs included mutations in the following genes: TP53 (n = 8), APC (n = 4), PIK3CA (n = 5), MET (n = 2), ERBB2 (n = 2), AKT1 (n = 1), CDKN2A (n = 1), KRAS (n = 1), and FGFR3 (n = 1). Conclusions Potentially actionable mutations were identified in the majority of breast cancer metastases. Evaluating metastatic breast tumors using a NGS approach provides a better understanding of the mechanisms behind tumor progression and evolution and also identifies additional potentially beneficial therapeutic targets for patient management or eligibility for clinical trials.
Application of Explicit Representation of Tacit Knowledge in Distance Education of Enterprise

Distance education of enterprise has been started from a resource-driven to knowledge ability-driven.KM concepts and methods are gradually integrated into the distance education system.There is a lot of tacit knowledge in enterprise,so how to make explicit the important issues that must be considered.It analyses the main way to explicit representation of tacit knowledge in distance education system and introduces the basic application by Web 2.0 technology such as wiki.The fact shows that the system meets the design purpose and the effect is obvious.
Occult spinal dysraphia

One of the most complex and most difficult congenital anomalies is spina bifida. Peter Van Forest was the first one who noticed this anomaly in 1587, and Recklinghausen, in 1886, classified spina bifida to types and suggested surgical procedures for its management. Earlier name, spina bifida, is currently more and more replacing with a term “defect of neural tube” (NTDs), or even more, “spinal dysraphia”. Anomaly can appear at any level of spinal cord (cervical, thoracal, lumbar and sacral) and posterior localization is more often than the anterior one. Contrary to the open spinal dysraphism that can be perceived immediately, closed spinal dysraphism is very deceiving anomaly, and therefore, it must be treated properly as soon as it is diagnosed. Because of its seclusion, the term usually used is “occult spinal dysraphism (OSD)”. The incidence of this anomaly is unknown, but it has been reported that it is more common among female children. Etiology of OSD is also unknown, but some of its risk factors are as follows: previous pregnancy with NTD, partner with NTD, type 1 diabetes mellitus, usage of anticonvulsives, a lack of folates in mother’s nutrition. Prenatal diagnose of OSD is practically impossible. Skin changes, orthopedic, urological and neurological problems, suggest considering this complex anomaly. X-ray, ECHO, MRI, as well as neuropsychological examination corroborate diagnosis. At the same time, the diagnosis (once it is confirmed) represents the indication for neurosurgical treatment.
Lamb's problem for fluid-saturated, porous media

An analytic solution of the axisymmetric propagation in a fluid-saturated half-space produced by the concentrated load P oexp( iωt ) acting vertically at the surface is presented for the first time. We start with a derivation of the field equations in cylindrical coordinates on the basis of Biot's linear theory for porous, fluid-saturated media. The field equations are then reduced to Helmoholtz-type equations with the aid of four scalar potentials related to the solid and fluid constituents of the two-phased medium. Two uncoupled (dilatation-rotation) sets of equations are obtained, each of them consisting of two coupled (solid-fluid) equations. By solving the governing homogeneous wave equations, we obtain two complex eigenvalue problems which are associated with the propagation of free annular waves in a fluid-saturated, porous medium. Using the homogeneous solution, a boundary-value problem is formulated in the frequency-wavenumber ( f-k ) domain from which integral solutions for the surface displacements are obtained. It is shown that, in the absence of a saturating pore fluid, the results are reduced to known solutions of Lamb's problem for a conventional one-phased medium. Consistent with the two-phased nature of the problem, our solution considers two types of dissipation. The first is due to intergranular energy losses in the solid phase, while the second is due to viscous resistance to the flow of the pore fluid. Plots of the surface displacements are presented in the f-k domain which compare “saturating” with “dry” cases. It is shown that the effect of the pore fluid is to reduce the amplitude and frequency of the dominant mode of the response. These effects, however, are found to be pronounced only when dissipation due to the flow of the pore fluid is considered in the solution. If the latter type of dissipation is omitted, then the conventional solution of Lamb's problem for one-phased half-space is sufficient for practical purposes.
Neighborhood Characteristics Associated with Achievement and Maintenance of HIV Viral Suppression Among Persons Newly Diagnosed with HIV in New York City

We investigated the effect of neighborhood characteristics on achievement and maintenance of HIV viral suppression among New York City (NYC) residents aged 13 years and older diagnosed between 2006 and 2012. Individual records from the NYC HIV surveillance registry (n = 12,547) were linked to U.S. Census and American Community Survey data by census tract of residence. Multivariable proportional hazards regression models indicated the likelihood of achievement and maintenance of suppression by neighborhood characteristics including poverty, accounting for neighborhood clustering and for individual characteristics. In adjusted analyses, no neighborhood factors were associated with achievement of suppression. However, residents of high- or very-high-poverty neighborhoods were less likely than residents of low-poverty neighborhoods to maintain suppression. In conclusion, higher neighborhood poverty was associated with lesser maintenance of suppression. Assistance with post-diagnosis retention in care, antiretroviral therapy prescribing, or adherence targeted to residents of higher-poverty neighborhoods may improve maintenance of viral suppression in NYC.
Camptothecins in the Treatment of Primary Brain Tumors

The number of new cases of primary malignant brain tumors diagnosed in 2003 more than double the number of diagnosed cases of Hodgkin’s disease, approximately 13,100 deaths were estimated to have occurred as a result of primary cancer of the central nervous system (CNS). Metastases to the brain from a systemic primary cancer are even more common. One estimate suggests that more than 100,000 patients per year die with symptomatic intracranial metastases. In addition, if benign cases are considered, approximately 36,000 brain tumors would have been diagnosed in 2002. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence of primary tumors of the CNS is estimated to be approximately 19 per 100,000 persons per year (11.8 per 100,000 for symptomatic tumors and 7.3 per 100,000 for asymptomatic tumors) (1).
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase γ2 to the Rescue in Ischemic Heart.

Activation of the highly conserved 5′-adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a fundamental component of the response to stresses that threatens cellular viability and therefore modulates many aspects of cell metabolism.1 This serine/threonine protein kinase is activated after stresses that deplete cellular ATP levels such as low glucose, hypoxia, ischemia, and heat shock. AMPK activation positively regulates signaling pathways that replenish cellular ATP including fatty acid oxidation and autophagy, whereas it negatively regulates ATP-consuming biosynthetic processes including gluconeogenesis, and lipid and protein synthesis. A growing body of evidence, however, show that AMPK also responds to glucose deprivation and oxidants stress without altering energy nucleotide levels in a wide variety of cells. For example, physiologically or pathologically relevant concentrations of free radicals and oxidants such as superoxide anion-derived hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrites can activate AMPK without altering AMP/ATP (redox sensor).2,3 In turn, oxidant-activated AMPK feedback suppresses superoxide anion production by inhibiting NAD(P)H (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase and mitochondria-derived oxidants (redox modulator). As such, AMPK is considered to be a sensor and master regulator of both energy and redox homeostasis.2,3 Article, see p 1182 AMPK is a heterotrimeric protein complex consisting of 3 subunits, α, β, and γ, each encoded by distinct genes. These isoforms play specific roles in AMPK stability and activity, and all 3 are necessary for full activity.1–3 The α subunit (2 isoforms) contains the catalytic site; β (2 isoforms) and γ subunits (3 isoforms) are regulatory subunits. If ATP generation is impaired or cellular demand is increased, a higher cellular AMP: ATP ratio causes AMP to displace ATP from the exchangeable sites. AMP or ADP (adenosine-5'-diphosphate) then binds the γ subunit of AMPK and activates the kinase by 3 main mechanisms: allosteric activation of the α catalytic …
Building capacity to encourage research reproducibility and #MakeResearchTrue

Background: Research into study replication and reporting has led to wide concern about a reproducibility crisis. Reproducibility is coming to the attention of major grant funders, including the National Institutes of Health, which launched new grant application instructions regarding rigor and reproducibility in 2015. Study Purpose: In this case study, the authors present one library’s work to help increase awareness of reproducibility and to build capacity for our institution to improve reproducibility of ongoing and future research. Case Presentation: Library faculty partnered with campus research leaders to create a daylong conference on research reproducibility, followed by a post-conference day with workshops and an additional seminar. Attendees came from nearly all schools and colleges on campus, as well as from other institutions, nationally and internationally. Feedback on the conference was positive, leading to efforts to sustain the momentum achieved at the conference. New networking and educational opportunities are in development. Discussion: Libraries are uniquely positioned to lead educational and capacity-building efforts on campus around research reproducibility. Costs are high and partnerships are required, but such efforts can lead to positive change institution-wide.
Design and simulation analysis of a lower limbs exoskeleton powered by hydraulic drive

This paper designed a kind of lower limb exoskeleton robot based on medical uses. The robot aims to imitate the movement of human lower limbs and help the disabled can walk smoothly with its assistance. In the beginning, the overall design was introduced, with detailed instructions of the hip, knee, and ankle. In order to study the mechanism of the knee joint, a four-bar linkage was built to imitate the movement. With the help of Simulink, the track of the linkage was obtained. Also the Euler angle data of the four-bar linkage and the actual human body was collected by sensors while the lower limbs are moving. The result showed that the movement of linkage had a great consistency with the reality. The wave of speed is reduced by a stop screw. The micro-hydraulic power system mentioned in this paper drives the lower limb by hydraulic rod and the oil pump drives the hydraulic rod. For the hemiplegic patient, the robot uses PID control system to deal with the feedback signals collected by the sensors and then controls itself moving with the patient. The exoskeleton has a compact structure and offer great comfort for users.
Harvest Management Effects on ‘Tifton 44’ Bermudagrass Phosphorus Removal and Nutritive Value

Haying bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] to maximize recovery of P applied in broiler litter may adversely affect forage quality. This 3-yr study (2005–2007) determined harvest management effects on dry matter (DM) yield, P removal, and forage nutritive value in ‘Tifton 44’ bermudagrass at Noxapater and South Farm, MS. Fertilization annually comprised 8.96 Mg ha⁻¹ broiler litter (as-is basis) that provided 243 and 122 kg ha⁻¹ of N and P, respectively, supplemented with 67–110 kg ha⁻¹ N (as ammonium nitrate). After an initial harvest in May, forage was harvested at 28-, 35-, and 49-d intervals and at 3- and 9-cm residual cutting heights. Seasonal trends in P removal closely followed those observed for DM yield and short stubble increased yields of DM and P by approximately 31%. Prolonged regrowth and 3-cm stubble height resulted in the greatest yields of DM and P. Annual P removal at Noxapater did not differ between 35- and 49-d harvest intervals (21.3 vs. 23.0 kg ha⁻¹); whereas it was greatest (P < 0.05) at South Farm for 49-d intervals (23.9 vs. 25.8 kg ha⁻¹). Prolonged regrowth resulted in crude protein (CP) and in vitro true DM digestibility (IVTDMD) below 95 and 610 g kg⁻¹, respectively, suggesting less forage could be consumed by ruminant livestock. In 2007, CP and IVTDMD levels were greatest for 9-cm stubble. Tifton 44 bermudagrass receiving litter should be harvested every 35 d and at 3-cm stubble height to provide the best compromise between DM yield, nutrient removal, and forage nutritive value.
Ethics, Epidemiology, and Health Service Delivery

Along with the tremendous advances in science and information technology in this millennium have risen the challenges of decisions of protecting individual rights relative to common goods. Ethics provides a framework for interpreting the risk information derived in epidemiological studies allowing managers to take a course of action that is appropriate both for the institution as well as the patients served.
Product Safety in the Climate that Phosphate Fibers Were Introduced: How Much Testing Is Enough?

It has been my steadfast conviction from the time I first conceived of phosphate fibers that they are a product that requires no toxicological study. This is the driving force that caused me to initiate the project in the first place. If the fibers are not obviously safe, it made no sense to begin a project. Fibers of phosphate are not new and have been used in all manner of household and industrial products for several lifetimes. They have never caused any toxic problems for people, animals, or vegetation. Literature mentions were made that many phosphates were fibrous and resemble chrysotile in appearance. No use had ever been made of their fiber properties. As long as they were merely being eaten, drunk, and inhaled, no notice was taken of the fact that they were fibrous. It was only when they were to become a safe replacement for “asbestos” that their safety was questioned. The same is true again today; we continue to eat, drink, and breathe phosphates and no one questions their safety.
Laser Ablation Electrospray Ionization for Atmospheric Pressure Molecular Imaging Mass Spectrometry

Laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) is a novel method for the direct imaging of biological tissues by mass spectrometry. By performing ionization in the ambient environment, this technique enables in vivo studies with potential for single-cell analysis. A unique aspect of LAESI mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) is depth profiling that, in combination with lateral imaging, permits 3D molecular imaging for the first time under native conditions. With current lateral and depth resolutions of approximately 100 and approximately 40 microm, respectively, LAESI MSI helps to explore the molecular architecture of live tissues.
The Effect of the Usage of Computer-Based Assistive Devices on the Functioning and Quality of Life of Individuals Who Are Blind or Have Low Vision.

IntroductionThe Israel Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services subsidizes computer-based assistive devices for individuals with visual impairments (that is, those who are blind or have low v...
Non-cell-autonomous promotion of pluripotency induction mediated by YAP

SUMMARY While Yes-associated protein (YAP) antagonizes pluripotency during early embryogenesis, it has also been shown to promote stemness of multiple stem cell types, including pluripotent stem cells. Whether cellular context underlies these distinct functions of YAP in pluripotency remains unclear. Here, we establish that depending on the specific cells in which it is expressed, YAP exhibits opposing effects on pluripotency induction from somatic cells. Specifically, YAP inhibits pluripotency induction cell-autonomously but promotes it non-cell-autonomously. For its non-cell-autonomous role, YAP alters the expression of many secreted and matricellular proteins including CYR61, which recapitulates the promotional effect when added as a recombinant protein. Thus, we define a unique YAP-driven non-cell-autonomous process that enhances pluripotency induction. Our work highlights the importance of considering the distinct contributions from heterologous cell types in deciphering the mechanism of cell fate control and calls for careful re-examination of the co-existing bystander cells in complex cultures or tissues.
Multimodal signal amplification by collaborative plasmonic intensification and catalytic multiplication (c-PI/CM)

Sensitive detection of specific chemicals on site can be extremely powerful in many fields. Owing to its molecular fingerprinting capability, surface-enhanced Raman scattering has been one of the technological contenders. In this paper, we describe the novel use of DNA topological nanostructure on nanoporous gold disk array (NPGDA) chip for chemical sensing. NPGDA features large surface area and high-density plasmonic field enhancement known as “hot-spots”. Hence, NPGDA chip has found many applications in nanoplasmonic sensor development. This technique can provide novel label-free molecular sensing capability with high sensitivity and specificity. In this paper, we introduce a new concept of multimodal signal amplification by exploring the synergy of catalytic multiplication and plasmonic intensification.
Defining genotype-phenotype relationships in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.

Purpose HCM is the most common inherited cardiomyopathy. Historically, there has been poor correlation between genotype and phenotype. However, CMR has the potential to more accurately assess disease phenotype. We characterized phenotype with CMR in a cohort of patients with confirmed HCM and high prevalence of genetic testing. Methods Patients with a diagnosis of HCM, who had undergone contrast-enhanced CMR were identified. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and volumes were measured from steady-state free precession sequences. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was quantified using the full width, half maximum method. All patients were prospectively followed for the development of septal reduction therapy, arrhythmia or death. Results We included 273 patients, mean age 51.2 ± 15.5, 62.9% male. Of those patients 202 (74.0%) underwent genetic testing with 90 pathogenic, likely pathogenic, or rare variants and 13 variants of uncertain significance identified. Median follow-up was 1138 days. Mean LVMI was 82.7 ± 30.6 and 145 patients had late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). Patients with beta-myosin heavy chain (MYH7) mutations had higher LV ejection fraction (68.8 vs 59.1, p<0.001) than those with cardiac myosin binding protein C (MYBPC3) mutations. Patients with MYBPC3 mutations were more likely to have LVEF < 55% (29.7% vs 4.9%, p = 0.005) or receive a defibrillator than those with MYH7 mutations (54.1% vs 26.8%, p = 0.020). Conclusions We found that patients with MYBPC3 mutations were more likely to have impaired ventricular function and may be more prone to arrhythmic events. Larger studies using CMR phenotyping may be capable of identifying additional characteristics associated with less frequent genetic causes of HCM.
SUBCLASSES OF RNA POLYMERASE IN THE URCHIN EMBRYO

Evidence is presented for stage specific subclasses of RNA polymerases I, II, and III in the urchin embryo. The subclasses are distinguished by DEAE-Sephadex elution and by activity differences on synthetic templates.
Diverse approaches to predicting drug-induced liver injury using gene-expression profiles

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a serious concern during drug development and the treatment of human disease. The ability to accurately predict DILI risk could yield significant improvements in drug attrition rates during drug development, in drug withdrawal rates, and in treatment outcomes. In this paper, we outline our approach to predicting DILI risk using gene-expression data from Build 02 of the Connectivity Map (CMap) as part of the 2018 Critical Assessment of Massive Data Analysis CMap Drug Safety Challenge. First, we used seven classification algorithms independently to predict DILI based on gene-expression values for two cell lines. Similar to what other challenge participants observed, none of these algorithms predicted liver injury on a consistent basis with high accuracy. In an attempt to improve accuracy, we aggregated predictions for six of the algorithms (excluding one that had performed exceptionally poorly) using a soft-voting method. This approach also failed to generalize well to the test set. We investigated alternative approaches—including a multi-sample normalization method, dimensionality-reduction techniques, a class-weighting scheme, and expanding the number of hyperparameter combinations used as inputs to the soft-voting method. We met limited success with each of these solutions. We conclude that alternative methods and/or datasets will be necessary to effectively predict DILI in patients based on RNA expression levels in cell lines. This article was reviewed by Pawel P Labaj and Aleksandra Gruca (both nominated by David P Kreil).
Mother’s autonomy and child anemia: A case study from India

Abstract Despite a steady economic growth for last two decades and various public health policies aimed at improving children’s health, almost 60% of Indian children below age five were anemic in 2015–2016. I examine the association between the mother’s autonomy and childhood anemia by using data from the Demographic and Health Survey of 2005–2006 and 2015–2016. The mother’s autonomy index is constructed by applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on three components of the mother’s decision-making power: large household purchases; visits to relatives and friends; and spending her husband’s money. This paper extends the discussion by examining the association with religion, caste, children’s gender and state’s child sex ratio. This paper finds higher hemoglobin levels among certain groups of children those whose mothers have autonomy: entire sample; those who practice the Hindu religion; those who are members of the Dalit caste; for male children in the entire sample; for both female and male children in states with child sex ratio lower than national average and only for male children in states with child sex ratio higher than national average. The association are statistically significant only in 2005–2006 for female children for the entire sample and only in 2015–2016 for Muslims.
Cost Efficiency, Technological Progress and Productivity Growth of Banksin GCC Countries

The structure of banking systems in GCC countries; namely, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, has substantially changed over the past decade, mainly as a result of regional economic integration and banking deregulation. The new banking environment has given banks an incentive to focus on cost and productive efficiency. This study uses a non-parametric frontier approach to compare and contrast the efficiency performance, efficiency and technological change, and productivity growth of banks in GCC countries. The results indicate that banks in Oman, on average, have been the most efficient among GCC countries followed narrowly by banks from Bahrain and to a lesser extent by banks from Kuwait. In contrast, the findings point to a low efficient banking environment in UAE and Qatar, with Saudi Arabia being the least efficient. Additionally, the efficiency measures of banks in Oman and Kuwait has been descending from 1999 to 2004, while at the same time the efficiency scores of banks in Bahrain have been rising. Furthermore, banks from Oman and Bahrain are dominating the common efficient frontier since a larger percentage of banks from these countries lie on the frontier. Examination of return to scale measures provides evidence to indicate that there is very limited opportunity for banks to improve their scale efficiency, given that only a handful of banks are operating at increasing returns to scale. The result of the Malmquist productivity index reveals that banks on average have experienced a decline in productivity due to technological regress and to a lesser extent caused by a decline in overall technological efficiency.
Management of FDG avid Benign Sinonasal Schneiderian Papilloma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background:The inverted and oncocytic subtypes of sinonasal Schneiderian papillomas are benign tumors with possible rare malignant transformation and are typically managed with complete surgical re...
7 Myths of Leadership in Business

The Seven Myths of Leadership in Business provides managers with information to help lead in a complex world where platitudes have a very limited place. Managers must get to know their direct reports so they can be effectively guided, supported and developed. Managers must also be aware that employees closely watch everything that they do and say. They form their collective manager brand on behavior perceptions, not statements. It is for this reason that managers must self-reflect first to be certain that their declarations match their actual demonstrated and closely observed behaviors.
COVID-19: Scarring Body and Mind

"Belief scarring" from the COVID-19 pandemic may generate prolonged effects on the economy—with economic costs greater than the drop in GDP in 2020.
FAMILY FIRM IPO PERFORMANCE AND MARKET SIGNALS

Recently, the interests in the performance of family firms in the capital market are on the rise. However studies on long-term performance give us little information about the performance of family firms in the initial public offering (IPO) markets. Building on agency theory, we investigated the effect of three IPO signals in family firm IPOs. Practices such as the appointment of outside non-family directors and waiting longer before going public significantly reduce underpricing. In addition, family owners' intent to retain large percentage of share in the long run is an indication of original shareholders' level of confidence in their own companies. Such confidence helps reduce after market investors' uncertainty and thus underpricing. On the other hand, family ownership at the IPO positively moderates the impact of non-family directors on underpricing.
A functional map of genomic HIF1α-DNA complexes in the eye lens revealed through multiomics analysis.

During eye lens development the embryonic vasculature regresses leaving the lens without a direct oxygen source. Both embryonically and throughout adult life, the lens contains a decreasing oxygen gradient from the surface to the core that parallels the natural differentiation of immature surface epithelial cells into mature core transparent fiber cells. These properties of the lens suggest a potential role for hypoxia and the master regulator of the hypoxic response, hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 (HIF1), in the regulation of genes required for lens fiber cell differentiation, structure and transparency. Here, we employed a multiomics approach combining CUT&RUN, RNA-seq and ATACseq analysis to establish the genomic complement of lens HIF1α binding sites, genes activated or repressed by HIF1α and the chromatin states of HIF1α-regulated genes. CUT&RUN analysis revealed 8375 HIF1α-DNA binding complexes in the chick lens genome. One thousand one hundred ninety HIF1α-DNA binding complexes were significantly clustered within chromatin accessible regions (χ2 test p < 1 × 10− 55) identified by ATACseq. Formation of the identified HIF1α-DNA complexes paralleled the activation or repression of 526 genes, 116 of which contained HIF1α binding sites within 10kB of the transcription start sites. Some of the identified HIF1α genes have previously established lens functions while others have novel functions never before examined in the lens. GO and pathway analysis of these genes implicate HIF1α in the control of a wide-variety of cellular pathways potentially critical for lens fiber cell formation, structure and function including glycolysis, cell cycle regulation, chromatin remodeling, Notch and Wnt signaling, differentiation, development, and transparency. These data establish the first functional map of genomic HIF1α-DNA complexes in the eye lens. They identify HIF1α as an important regulator of a wide-variety of genes previously shown to be critical for lens formation and function and they reveal a requirement for HIF1α in the regulation of a wide-variety of genes not yet examined for lens function. They support a requirement for HIF1α in lens fiber cell formation, structure and function and they provide a basis for understanding the potential roles and requirements for HIF1α in the development, structure and function of more complex tissues.
Leisure and the Therapeutic Relationship: Contributing to Meaningful Lives

The primary goal of human beings is creating meaningful, healthy lives out of their existence, a task tailored to therapeutic recreation (TR). In this article, the core elements of TR, leisure and the helping relationship between professionals and service recipients, are examined through the lens of hermeneutic phenomenology. Hermeneutic phenomenology is a philosophical perspective centered on understanding how people interpret and assign meanings to lived experiences. Applying the philosophical perspective to TR, leisure generates meaningful experiences that therapeutic recreation specialists (TRSs) and service recipients collaboratively weave into personal narratives. The result is service recipients living well and flourishing. Conceiving of TR in this manner entails that our services are germane for all people.Subscribe to TRJ
Controlling the False Discovery Rate in Complex Multi-Way Classified Hypotheses

In this article, we propose a generalized weighted version of the well-known Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) procedure. The rigorous weighting scheme used by our method enables it to encode structural information from simultaneous multi-way classification as well as hierarchical partitioning of hypotheses into groups, with provisions to accommodate overlapping groups. The method is proven to control the False Discovery Rate (FDR) when the p-values involved are Positively Regression Dependent on the Subset (PRDS) of null p-values. A data-adaptive version of the method is proposed. Simulations show that our proposed methods control FDR at desired level and are more powerful than existing comparable multiple testing procedures, when the p-values are independent or satisfy certain dependence conditions. We apply this data-adaptive method to analyze a neuro-imaging dataset and understand the impact of alcoholism on human brain. Neuro-imaging data typically have complex classification structure, which have not been fully utilized in subsequent inference by previously proposed multiple testing procedures. With a flexible weighting scheme, our method is poised to extract more information from the data and use it to perform a more informed and efficient test of the hypotheses.
Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis of thermoset hydrogels

In this study, a water-based gel consisting of 20% (v/v) poly(maleic anhydride-co-isobutylene)-based composite is applied as a water-thin, low-viscosity fluid. At an engineered time, at 100–200°C and 7 MPa, liquid polymer rapidly sets at a right angle and cures in place into a strong set gel, as measured using oscillatory measurements. Designed to exhibit rapid and reversible strain in response to stress, elasticity is increased by 65% when reinforced with the addition of 10% (v/v) PEG. A highly stable hydrogel that is completely water-based provides elasticity and thermal resilience over a higher range in temperature for recovery of HTHP infrastructures.
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a debilitating disease characterized by progressive adverse remodeling of the resistance pulmonary arteries, ultimately leading to right ventricular (RV) failure and death. It is defined by increases in pulmonary arterial pressures (PAP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and ultimately, right ventricular failure. The field of PAH has made remarkable progress in the last two decades with understanding in the pathogenesis and improvements in therapeutic and prognostic tools. In this chapter, we will review the definition, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical presentation, management, and prognostication of PAH in the current era.
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis and Behçet’s Syndrome

The use of the word “aphthai” is attributed to Hippocrates (460–370 b.c.), although he was referring to oral thrush (Sircus et al., 1957). Mikulicz and Kummel in 1888 published the first accurate clinical description of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), and Sibley published the first English-language description in 1899. These authors were referring to the minor aphthous ulcers that are so common. Sutton (1911) described a condition that he termed “periadenitis mucosa necrotica recurrens,” which is now called major aphthous ulcers. Cooke (1960) described the third type of RAS lesion, herpetiform ulcers. Thus there are three clinical types of RAS lesions: minor aphthous ulcers, major aphthous ulcers, and herpetiform ulcers (Table 1). Behcet (1937) described the classic trisymptom complex of recurrent oral ulcers, ocular inflammation, and genital ulcerations. Variants or formes frustes of Behcet’s syndrome (BS) have been described by many authors.
Human defenses against Cryptococcus neoformans: An update

Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen, especially in AIDS patients, and is found world-wide. On the other hand, Cryptococcus neoformans var. gatti (CN-g) is restricted to an association with two species of Eucalyptus trees. Alveolar macrophages (AM) constitute the first line of defense to Cryptococcus neoformans and offers some resistance. The inflammatory response to Cryptococcus neoformans with an influx of neutrophils and monocytes affords a second line of defense. Secretion of proinflammatory monokines by human AM is now being defined. The inflammatory phagocytes are efficient in killing Cryptococcus neoformans and offer strong resistance. T and B cell responses to infection, a third line of defense, results in production of lymphokines (IFNg, etc.) and specific antibodies. Enhancement of lymphocyte responses by IL-12 and IL-18 to Cryptococcus neoformans infection appears to be critical. Susceptibility of AIDS patients to Cryptococcus neoformans is associated with low CD4+ T cell counts and likely reduced efficacy of the second line of defense.
On the Mechanism of 5-Bromodeoxyuridine Inhibition of Exocrine Pancreas Differentiation

Abstract The thymidine analogue, 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) exerts a selective inhibition on cytodifferentiation of the embryonic rat pancreas. Pancreatic rudiments cultured in the presence of appropriate levels of BrdUrd exhibit essentially normal rates of protein, RNA, and DNA synthesis, but do not accumulate the specific acinar proteins; half-maximal inhibition of the synthesis and accumulation of chymotrypsin, amylase, ribonuclease, and procarboxypeptidases A and B occurs at levels of BrdUrd 50-fold below the levels required for half-maximal inhibition of the synthesis of total proteins. Tissues grown in the presence of these low levels of BrdUrd appear healthy from an ultrastructural point of view, but the presumptive acinar cells are devoid of either zymogen granules or large vesicular structures resembling zymogen granule membranes. However, many cells possess extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum. The enhanced ribosomal RNA synthesis observed in the normal differentiating pancreas is also observed in BrdUrd-treated pancreases. The possibility of a specific inhibition by BrdUrd of key metabolic pathways involving uridine, cytidine, or thymidine intermediates was tested. No significant effects on incorporation of precursors into phospholipids, sphingolipids, or glycoproteins were observed. There were also no observed effects of BrdUrd on acetate incorporation into sterols or free fatty acids. The possibility that degradation of BrdUrd via the thymidine or uridine catabolic pathways might produce deleterious metabolites was also tested. Attempts to reverse the BrdUrd effect by normal metabolites were unsuccessful. Furthermore, 5-bromouridine does not produce similar effects to BrdUrd. Among the many compounds tested, only thymidine effectively prevents the inhibitory action of BrdUrd. This inhibition is correlated with a decreased incorporation of BrdUrd into DNA. The fate of labeled BrdUrd in the pancreas cells was followed. The only low molecular weight compounds detected were free BrdUrd, and the mono-, di-, and triphosphates of 5-bromodeoxycytidine and BrdUrd. The great majority of the label rapidly accumulated in DNA. The kinetics of the BrdUrd inhibition, and its reversal suggest a mechanism of action involving a stable molecule such as DNA. The data collectively are consistent with a DNA-linked mechanism of BrdUrd inhibition. The inhibition is not the result of mutagenic action, since it is reversible and no altered proteins can be detected. A mechanism involving an altered binding of regulatory proteins to BrdUrd-containing DNA, and a consequent specific inhibition of the transcription of certain genes is proposed.
Modelling and verification of automated transit systems, using timed automata, invariants and simulations

Our second project [14] showed how levels of abstraction, one of the most impor tant tools of discrete system analysis, can be used to reason about a simple acceleration maneuver. In this case, the goal is for a vehicle to reach a specified velocity vy at a specified t ime t I in the future. We assumed that the vehicle s tar ts at t ime 0 with velocity 0. The vehicle reports its velocity to the controller every t ime d. The controller can send an accet(a) control signal to set acc := a immediately after each sample point. The actual acceleration ~) is anything in the range [acc c, acc ]. The controller we considered aims to reach the goal of v] at t ime t I . Tha t is, it proposes acceleration ~.-v where v is the current t l n O W ' velocity. Using invariants and simulations, we proved bounds on velocity at every point in time. The proofs use levels of abstraction in two ways: relating a derivative view of a system to an explicit function view, and relating a system in which corrections are made at discrete sampling points to a system in which corrections are made continuously. The uncertainty 9 in the acceleration is integrated throughout the levels. First, we ignored the discrete sampling and considered a controller that continuously sets acc to the ratio given above, with ~) E [acc, acc el. It was easy to see that the velocity at t ime t is at most g(t) = Lff. For the lower bound, by t ! " solving the differential equation: y ( t ) v f y ( t ) , , t] t we got a conjectured lower bound of: vy t t ~y t f ( t ) = -~y + e(tl t ) log( ) (patched with vj at ty). The function f is the result of aiming at (t] , vy) and consistently missing low by e. To prove that f is indeed a lower bound, we used two levels of abstraction. The high level is an HIOA V giving explicit bounds on v. Its state contains only v and now, and the only constraint is that in every reachable state, v E [ f (now) , g(now)]. The low level is another HIOA D giving bounds on the derivative of v. It keeps acc aiming at (t], v!) and ensures that ~3 E [acc, a c c e]. In a sense, D describes how the system is supposed to guarantee the bounds expressed by V.