cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy provide unique quantitative data for evaluation of exercising muscles

P-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and near-infra spectroscopy (NIRS) have been used to characterize the dynamic aspects of human muscle contraction. P-31 MRS is a non- invasive method for measuring ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), and pH in exercising muscles and thereby provides information regarding oxidative and glycolytic capacities for generating high energy phosphate compounds. NIRS evaluates kinetic changes in oxygen levels in muscles during exercise and recovery. These two methods provide unique quantitative data for studies of normal muscle contraction and for more complex investigations of muscle diseases. Non-invasive MRS and NIRS examinations are readily repeatable and yield important data for longitudinal patient evaluation and therapeutic management.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Assessing Prognosis in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus—The Achilles’ Heel of Cardiac Stress Imaging Tests?

The prognostic utility of stress imaging studies has been validated in numerous studies and, in general, patients with a normal imaging study have annual cardiac ischemic event rates of
A numerical model for thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling in fractured rock

Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical codes with the ability to model fractured materials are used for predicting groundwater flow behavior in fractured aquifers containing thermal sources. The potential applications of such a code include the analysis of groundwater behavior within a geothermal reservoir. The capability of modeling hydro-thermo systems with a dual porosity, fracture flow model has been previously developed in the finite element code, FEHM. FEHM has been modified to include stress coupling with the dual porosity feature. FEHM has been further developed to couple the dependence of fracture hydraulic conductivity on effective stress within two-dimensional, saturated aquifers containing fracture systems. The cubic law for flow between parallel plates was used to model fracture permeability. The Barton-Bandis relation was used to determine the fracture aperture within the cubic law. The code used a Newton-Raphson iteration to implicitly solve for six unknowns at each node. Results from a model of heat flow from a reservoir to the moving fluid in a single fracture compared well with analytic results. Results of a model showing the increase in fracture flow due to a single fracture opening under fluid pressure compared well with analytic results. A hot dry rock, geothermal reservoir was modeled with realistic time steps indicating that the modified FEHM code does successfully model coupled flow problems with no convergence problems.
Toward 2-D and 3-D simulations of core-collapse supernovae with magnetic fields

We describe a code development and integration effort aimed at producing a numerical tool suitable for exploring the effects of stellar rotation and magnetic fields in a neutrino-driven core-collapse supernova environment. A one-dimensional, multi-energy group, flux-limited neutrino diffusion module (MGFLD) has been integrated with ZEUS-MP, a multidimensional, parallel gas hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics code. With the neutrino diffusion module, ZEUS-MP can simulate the core-collapse, bounce, and explosion of a stellar progenitor in two and three space dimensions in which multidimensional hydrodynamics are coupled to 1-D neutrino transport in a ray-by-ray approximation. This paper describes the physics capabilities of the code and the technique for implementing the serial MGFLD module for parallel execution in a multi-dimensional simulation. Because the development and debugging of the integrated code is not yet complete, we provide a current status report of the effort and identify outstanding issues currently under investigation.
Business Strategy and Interorganizational Linkages Within the Acute Care Hospital Industry: An Expansion of the Miles and Snow Typology

This survey study of acute care hospitals expands Miles and Snow's (1978) strategy gestalts by drawing from the literature on strategic choice, resource dependence, and loose coupling. Building upon the resource dependence perspective, we hypothesize that interorganizational coupling patterns will differ by strategy type. We also contend that different configurations of inter-organizational coupling are involved within each Miles and Snow strategy type when an organization deals with increasing environmental turbulence. The responses of 58 chief executive officers of acute care hospitals indicate that the strategy gestalts associated with Miles and Snow's typology have distinctive patterns or interorganizational coupling.
The Interaction Effects of Parents, Spouse and Schooling: Comparing the Impact of Jewish and Catholic Schools*

This paper discusses the literature on the long-range impact of schooling and the types of effects that schools have shown. It compares data on the impact of Jewish schooling on adult religiosity with similar data from a study of Catholic schooling. Like previous studies on other types of schools, the main effect of Jewish schooling seems to be an accentuation of parental influences. This effect is diminished substantially if not supported by marriage to a religious spouse. However, on some types of religiosity, extensive Jewish schooling produces “conversion” effects which persisted even when pre-school and post-school supports were lacking. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Single molecule sensing by nanopores and nanopore devices

Molecular-scale pore structures, called nanopores, can be assembled by protein ion channels through genetic engineering or be artificially fabricated on solid substrates using fashion nanotechnology. When target molecules interact with the functionalized lumen of a nanopore, they characteristically block the ion pathway. The resulting conductance changes allow for identification of single molecules and quantification of target species in the mixture. In this review, we first overview nanopore-based sensory techniques that have been created for the detection of myriad biomedical targets, from metal ions, drug compounds, and cellular second messengers to proteins and DNA. Then we introduce our recent discoveries in nanopore single molecule detection: (1) using the protein nanopore to study folding/unfolding of the G-quadruplex aptamer; (2) creating a portable and durable biochip that is integrated with a single-protein pore sensor (this chip is compared with recently developed protein pore sensors based on stabilized bilayers on glass nanopore membranes and droplet interface bilayer); and (3) creating a glass nanopore-terminated probe for single-molecule DNA detection, chiral enantiomer discrimination, and identification of the bioterrorist agent ricin with an aptamer-encoded nanopore.
Leviathan and Federalism in the United States

This article is an empirical examination of the "Leviathan hypothesis" developed by economists Brennan and Buchanan (1980). The hypothesis states that as individuals turn over control of public spending to higher levels of government, the preferences of the politicians, bureaucrats, and special-interest lobbyists who determine fiscal policy at these higher levels of government replace the tastes and preferences of the individual for the amount of spending and taxing. This transfer of control from decentralized to centralized decisionmaking and this replacement of taxing for individual preferences by political-bureaucratic preferences toward spending lead to an expansion of the public sector. Regression analysis shows support for the hypothesis in specific public-service areas.
Data-driven modeling of surface temperature anomaly and solar activity trends

A novel two-step modeling scheme is used to reconstruct and analyze surface temperature and solar activity data at global, hemispheric, and regional scales. First, the self-organizing map (SOM) technique is used to extend annual modern climate data from the century to millennial scale. The SOM component planes are used to identify and quantify strength of nonlinear relations among modern surface temperature anomalies (<150 years), tropical and extratropical teleconnections, and Palmer Drought Severity Indices (0-2000 years). Cross-validation of global sea and land surface temperature anomalies verifies that the SOM is an unbiased estimator with less uncertainty than the magnitude of anomalies. Second, the quantile modeling of SOM reconstructions reveal trends and periods in surface temperature anomaly and solar activity whose timing agrees with published studies. Temporal features in surface temperature anomalies, such as the Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age, and Modern Warming Period, appear at all spatial scales but whose magnitudes increase when moving from ocean to land, from global to regional scales, and from southern to northern regions. Some caveats that apply when interpreting these data are the high-frequency filtering of climate signals based on quantile model selection and increased uncertainty when paleoclimatic data are limited. Even so, all models find the rate and magnitude of Modern Warming Period anomalies to be greater than those during the Medieval Warm Period. Lastly, quantile trends among reconstructed equatorial Pacific temperature profiles support the recent assertion of two primary El Nino Southern Oscillation types. These results demonstrate the efficacy of this alternative modeling approach for reconstructing and interpreting scale-dependent climate variables.
Chemical resistance of gorgonian corals against fungal infections

The frequency and impact of diseases affecting corals throughout the Caribbean have been increasing but little is known about the factors promoting the emergence and outbreak of disease. A disease caused by a fungal pathogen [Aspergillus sydowii (Thom et Church)] which affects Caribbean sea fan corals provided an opportunity to examine the efficacy of coral crude extracts in disease resistance. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays showed that of the 20 common gorgonian species in the Florida Keys, extracts from 15 species had MICs 15 mg ml−1). Although the potency in these assays did not attain a clinically significant level, the potency is comparable to a known antifungal agent, hygromycin B, which had an MIC ≤7.5 mg ml−1 in our assays, highlighting the potential of these gorgonian corals for bioprospecting.
Decomposition of PCB's and other polychlorinated aromatics in soil using microwave energy

Abstract Conditions are described whereby hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorophenol, 2,2′,5,5′-tetrachlorobiphenyl, and 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl are decomposed in soil using microwave energy. The most efficient decompositions are achieved in the presence of Cu 2 O or Al powder and 10N NaOH. Minute amounts of mixtures of decomposition products are extractable from the soil following remediation, but the vast majority of the decomposition products are not, and are probably either mineralized or very tightly bound to the soil. The higher the chlorine content of the biphenyl, the less efficient the decomposition. A modified ceramic alumina bomb is described which allows the bomb walls to remain much cooler than the one used earlier.
Fluorinated calixpyrroles: anion-binding extractants that reduce the Hofmeister bias

β-Octafluoro-meso-octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole (1) and β-decafluoro-meso-decamethylcalix[5]pyrrole (2) were found to extract caesium salts of smaller anions (bromide and chloride for 1 and nitrate for 2) as effectively as that of iodide into nitrobenzene (NB) thereby overcoming the Hofmeister bias normally observed for processes of this type.
Measurement of electron-impact excitation in boronlike carbon

The cross section for the electron-impact excitation of C(+) (2s2 2p 2P0)-(2s2p2 2D) is measured in a colliding-beams apparatus for several collision energies near the threshold for the process. A cross section of (1.1 + or - 0.3) x 10 to the -16th sq cm at threshold is found. Reasonable agreement is found with close-coupling calculations.
543 CHEMILUMINESCENCE: A RAPID, SENSITIVE METHOD FOR DETECTION OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE I(CGD) AND IDENTIFICATION OF CARRIERS

Neutrophil chemiluminescence was measured in 14 CGD patients and 17 CGD carriers during phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan. The mean and range of peak chemiluminescence of phagocytizing neutrophils was 10 × 103 CPM (0-20) for CGD patients, 126 × 103 CPM (83-227) for carriers and 252 × 103 CPM (207-288) for normal adult controls (p < .001). Bactericidal capacity of neutrophils paralleled the chemiluminescence response when a 1 to 1 bacteria: neutrophil ratio was used. Neutrophils of CGD patients killed 43% (0-55) of S. aureus, CGD carriers killed 72% (51-97), and normal controls killed 98% (93-100). A broad range of phenotypic expression may be expected in heterozygotic carriers of sex-linked recessive disorders since there is random inactivation of the X-chromosome. Except for one carrier mother whose chemiluminescence response was repeatedly within the normal range, though always decreased compared to the control of the day (80-88%), there was no overlap in chemiluminescence values between CGD carriers and controls. This carrier had normal neutrophil bactericidal capacity, oxygen consumption, oxidation of (1-14C)glucose and reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. Thus, chemiluminescence during phagocytosis is not only a simple, rapid method for diagnosing CGD patients and detecting CGD carriers but also appears to be a sensitive and valuable method for the identification of near-normal CGD carriers.
Pulsed laser deposition of YBa2Cu3O7−δ in an oxygen background and discharge

Abstract We have deposited YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin films onto (100) MgO substrates and (100) SrTiO3 using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) while varying the substrate temperature. An oxygen discharge provided activated oxygen above the samples, allowing films with similar properties to be fabricated at lower temperatures. The results suggest that there is an optimum temperature for in situ deposition of YBa2Cu3O7−δ which may be dependent on the substrate and ambient conditions (oxygen or oxygen discharge).
Vascular neurology: a winding but illuminating road of progress.

(2008). Vascular neurology: a winding but illuminating road of progress. Neurological Research: Vol. 30, Vascular Neurology, pp. 773-774.
On induced Folkman numbers

In 1970, Folkman proved that for any graph G there exists a graph H with the same clique number as G. In addition, any r -coloring of the vertices of H yields a monochromatic copy of G. For a given graph G and a number of colors r let f(G, r) be the order of the smallest graph H with the above properties. In this paper, we give a relatively small upper bound on f(G, r) as a function of the order of G and its clique number. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 40, 493–500, 2012 © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of polarimetric IR phenomena for detection of surface mines

It has long been recognized that surface-laid land mines and other man-made objects tend to have different polarization characteristics than natural materials. This fact has been used to advantage in a number of mine detecting sensors developed over the last two decades. In this work we present the theoretical basis for this polarization dependence. The theory of scattering from randomly rough surfaces is employed to develop a model for scattering and emission from mines and natural surfaces. The emissivity seen by both polarized and unpolarized sensors is studied for smooth and rough surfaces. The polarized and unpolarized emissivities of rough surfaces are modeled using the solution of the reciprocal active scattering problem via the second order small perturbation method/small slope approximation(SPM/SSA). The theory is used to determine the most suitable angle for passive polarimetric IR detection of surface mines.
Differential Requirements of Hsp90 and DNA for the Formation of Estrogen Receptor Homodimers and Heterodimers

The two estrogen receptor (ER) subforms, ERα and ERβ, are capable of forming DNA-binding homodimers and heterodimers. Although binding to DNA is thought to stabilize ER dimers, how ERα/α, ERβ/β, and ERα/β dimerization is regulated by DNA and the chaperone protein Hsp90 is poorly understood. Using our highly optimized bioluminescence resonance energy transfer assays in conjunction with assays for transcriptional activation of ERs, we determined that DNA binding appears to play a minor role in the stabilization of ER dimers, especially in the case of ERβ/β homodimers. These findings suggest that ER dimers form before they associate with chromatin and that DNA binding plays a minor role in stabilizing ER dimers. Additionally, although Hsp90 is essential for the proper dimerization of ERα/α and ERα/β, it is not required for the proper dimerization of ERβ/β. Despite this, Hsp90 is critical for the estrogen-dependent transcriptional activity of the ERβ/β homodimer. Thus, Hsp90 is implicated as an important regulator of distinct aspects of ERα and ERβ action.
Chromosome Missegregation and Apoptosis in Mice Lacking the Mitotic Checkpoint Protein Mad2

The initiation of chromosome segregation at anaphase is linked by the spindle assembly checkpoint to the completion of chromosome-microtubule attachment during metaphase. To determine the function of the mitotic checkpoint protein Mad2 during normal cell division and when mitosis goes awry, we have knocked out Mad2 in mice. We find that E5.5 embryonic cells lacking Mad2, like mad2 yeast, grow normally but are unable to arrest in response to spindle disruption. At E6.5, the cells of the epiblast begin rapid cell division and the absence of a checkpoint results in widespread chromosome missegregation and apoptosis. In contrast, the postmitotic trophoblast giant cells survive without Mad2. Thus, the spindle assembly checkpoint is required for accurate chromosome segregation in mitotic mouse cells, and for embryonic viability, even in the absence of spindle damage.
Nonthermal electrical methods in food preservation/Métodos eléctricos no térmicos para la conservación de alimentos

Nonthermal methods to preserve foods, such as pulsed electric fields, light pulses, and oscillating magnetic fields, are gaining attention within the food industry and research laboratories. They offer sound alternatives to conventional thermal processes where quality aspects and costs are becoming a concern.
Effects of Posture and Muscular Exercise on the Electrocardiogram

(1953). Effects of Posture and Muscular Exercise on the Electrocardiogram. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 24, No. 4, pp. 475-490.
Update on the diagnosis and treatment of Barrett esophagus and related neoplastic precursor lesions.

Abstract Context.—At present, Barrett esophagus is the most common cause of esophageal adenocarcinoma. In the past 20 years, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma in white males has exceeded that of tumors of the colorectum, lung, prostate, and skin. Objectives.—To (1) provide an evidence-based review of the diagnosis, classification, and histologic differentiation of Barrett esophagus from gastric carditis, (2) provide a summary of the key pathologic features of precursor lesions, such as dysplasia, and (3) evaluate adjunctive markers of dysplasia and predictive markers for the development of cancer. The natural history and risk of cancer in patients with Barrett esophagus is also reviewed. Data Sources.—For this review, selected published peer reviewed articles were chosen from a search through PubMed between the years 1970 and 2007. Conclusions.—The current definition of Barrett esophagus is partially flawed because not all cases are endoscopically recognizable, nongoblet epithelium is biologicall...
Assessing Sensory Processing Problems in Children With and Without Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Aims: This exploratory study investigated whether children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at greater risk than children with- out ADHD for problems with sensory processing and if certain sensory systems are more closely associated with the core symptoms of ADHD, specifically inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Methods: The sample included 20 children with ADHD and 27 children without ADHD, ages 5 to 10 years. Assessments included the Sensory Pro- cessing Measure-Home Form and the Conners 3rd edition-Parent Short Form. Results: After controlling for age, children with ADHD exhibited more sensory processing prob- lems on all scales of the Sensory Processing Measure with small to medium effect sizes observed (η 2 = .27 to .61). For children with ADHD, the Social Participation (r = .50) and Planning and Ideas (r = .73) subtests of the Sensory Processing Measure were sig- nificantly associated with hyperactivity/impulsivity, but not with inattention on the sub- tests of the Conners Parent Short Form. Conclusion: The results suggest the importance of assessing sensory processing issues in children with ADHD to guide in the interven- tion process.
A Piezoresistive Cantilever Force Sensor for Direct AFM Force Calibration

We describe the design, fabrication, and calibration testing of a new piezoresistive cantilever force sensor suitable for the force calibration of atomic force microscopes in a range between tens of nanonewtons to hundreds of micronewtons. The sensor is calibrated using the NIST Electrostatic Force Balance (EFB) and functions either as a force reference or stiffness artifact that is traceable to the International System of Units. The cantilever has evenly spaced fiducial marks along its length. We report stiffnesses that vary quadratically with location, from a high of 12.1 N/m at the first fiducial to a low of 0.394 N/m at the last; with force sensitivities that vary linearly, ranging from 18.1 U/mN to 106 U/mN. We also test the device to transfer the unit of force to an atomic force microscope, finding that force and stiffness based approaches yield independent estimates of the contact force consistent within 2 % of each other.
Variations in Intensity, Fundamental Frequency, and Voicing for Teachers in Occupational Versus Nonoccupational Settings

Purpose In this study, the authors created a more concise picture of the vocal demands placed on teachers by comparing occupational voice use with nonoccupational voice use. Method The authors used...
Time Course of Information about Motion Direction in Visual Area MT of Macaque Monkeys

We used the responses of neurons in extrastriate visual area MT to determine how well neural noise can be reduced by averaging the responses of neurons across time. For individual MT neurons, we calculated the time course of Shannon information about motion direction from sustained motion at constant velocities. Stimuli were random dot patterns moving at the preferred speed of the cell for 256 msec, in a direction chosen randomly with 15° increments. Information about motion direction calculated from cumulative spike count rose rapidly from the onset of the neural response and then saturated, reaching 80% of maximum information in the first 100 msec. Most of the early saturation of information could be attributed to correlated fluctuations in the spike counts of individual neurons on time scales in excess of 100 msec. Thus, temporal correlations limit the benefits of averaging across time, much as correlations among the responses of different neurons limit the benefits of averaging across large populations. Although information about direction was available quickly from MT neurons, the direction discrimination by individual MT neurons was poor, with mean thresholds above 30° in most neurons. We conclude that almost all available directional information could be extracted from the first few spikes of the response of the neuron, on a time scale comparable with the initiation of smooth pursuit eye movements. However, neural responses still must be pooled across the population in MT to account for the direction discrimination of the pursuit behavior.
In situ assembly of colloidal particles into miniaturized biosensors

We show how to create arrays of biosensors by in situ assembly of colloidal particles onto micropatterned electrodes. Latex microspheres from suspension are collected via dielectrophoresis in the micrometer-sized gaps between planar electrodes. The assembled particulate patches are fixed by changing the colloidal interactions to induce coagulation. Immuno-active sites on the latex surfaces bind the target molecules. A direct electric conductivity readout is accomplished after secondary tagging with colloidal gold and its enhancement by silver nucleation. The method holds promise for creating disposable on-chip arrays of highly sensitive miniature sensors for specific proteins, DNA fragments, or other biomolecules.
Basic management of medical emergencies: recognizing a patient's distress.

ABSTRACT Background and Overview Medical emergencies can happen in the dental office, possibly threatening a patient's life and hindering the delivery of dental care. Early recognition of medical emergencies begins at the first sign of symptoms. The basic algorithm for management of all medical emergencies is this: position (P), airway (A), breathing (B), circulation (C) and definitive treatment, differential diagnosis, drugs, defibrillation (D). The dentist places an unconscious patient in a supine position and comfortably positions a conscious patient. The dentist then assesses airway, breathing and circulation and, when necessary, supports the patient's vital functions. Drug therapy always is secondary to basic life support (that is, PABCD). Conclusions and Clinical Implications Prompt recognition and efficient management of medical emergencies by a well-prepared dental team can increase the likelihood of a satisfactory outcome. The basic algorithm for managing medical emergencies is designed to ensure that the patient's brain receives a constant supply of blood containing oxygen.
15 Years of Program Comprehension

This paper looks back at fifteen years of program comprehension (WPC, IWPC, ICPC), gathering key themes and important issues that have been discussed. Since the traditional gift for a 15th anniversary is crystal, the workshop also strives to peer into the future and outline some of the coming challenges in the field for the next few years.
Clinical End Points of Therapy for Patients with Mild Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Approximately 80% of patients with community-acquired pneumonia receive treatment as outpatients. The question is what are valid, reproducible, and quantifiable clinical end points that can be used in prospective clinical trials of the safety and efficacy of antibacterials. Patient-reported outcomes and measurements of time to end point are reasonable methods that, according to the limited data available, appear to work in clinical trials of therapy for mild-to-moderate community-acquired pneumonia among outpatients.
Pelvic radiotherapy and the risk of secondary leukemia and multiple myeloma

BACKGROUND: Although several studies had examined secondary malignancies in patients with specific primary tumor types, to the authors' knowledge there are very few data examining the long-term sequelae of pelvic radiation as a whole. The goal of the current study was to examine the risk of treatment-associated leukemia and multiple myeloma in patients treated with pelvic radiotherapy. METHODS: Patients with invasive tumors of the vulva, cervix, uterus, anus, and rectosigmoid treated from 1973 to 2005 and recorded in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database were analyzed. Patients were stratified based on receipt of pelvic radiotherapy. The incidence of secondary leukemia (except chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and multiple myeloma were examined. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed to examine the association between pelvic radiation and the development of subsequent hematologic malignancies. RESULTS: A total of 199,268 individuals, including 66,896 (34%) who received pelvic radiotherapy and 132,372 (66%) not treated with radiation, were identified. In a Cox proportional hazards model adjusting for other risk factors, post-treatment leukemia was increased by 72% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.72; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.37-2.15) in the patients who received pelvic radiotherapy. The risk of secondary leukemia peaked at 5 to 10 years after primary treatment (HR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.40-2.44) and remained elevated even 10 to 15 years after initial treatment (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.03-2.18). There was no significant association between radiation and the development of multiple myeloma (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.81-1.44). CONCLUSIONS: Pelvic radiation was associated with an increased risk of secondary leukemia but did not appear to increase the risk of multiple myeloma. Cancer 2010. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Flexible Jobs: Key to Manufacturing Productivity

The place to begin restructuring manufacturing operations is on the shop floor where overspecialization of workers is the main barrier to improved productivity and quality.
Optical Filter Assembly for Interplanetary Optical Communications

Ground-based, narrow-band, high throughput optical filters are required for optical links from deep space. We report on the development of a tunable filter assembly that operates at telecommunication window of 1550 nanometers. Low insertion loss of 0.5 decibels and bandwidth of 90 picometers over a 2000 nanometers operational range of detectors has been achieved.
Posttonsillectomy hemorrhage in children with von Willebrand disease or hemophilia.

Importance: It is uncertain whether children with bleeding disorders are at higher risk of posttonsillectomy hemorrhage compared with the general pediatric population. Objectives: To estimate the national rate of posttonsillectomy hemorrhage in children previously diagnosed with von Willebrand disease (VWD) or hemophilia, and to analyze potential risk factors for postoperative bleeding in these children.
Open Access for Our Generation

Currently the research being paid for by taxpayers is sitting behind a paywall. Many articles are rejected from journals in order to create more prestige for that publication. Publishing companies are earning huge profits while the majority of the work is done by students and professors. It hasn't always been this way. And it's time for it to change.
Financial decision-making abilities and financial exploitation in older African Americans: Preliminary validity evidence for the Lichtenberg Financial Decision Rating Scale (LFDRS)

This study examines preliminary evidence for the Lichtenberg Financial Decision Rating Scale (LFDRS), a new person-centered approach to assessing capacity to make financial decisions, and its relationship to self-reported cases of financial exploitation in 69 older African Americans. More than one third of individuals reporting financial exploitation also had questionable decisional abilities. Overall, decisional ability score and current decision total were significantly associated with cognitive screening test and financial ability scores, demonstrating good criterion validity. Study findings suggest that impaired decisional abilities may render older adults more vulnerable to financial exploitation, and that the LFDRS is a valid tool.
Fabrication and properties of SiC fibre-reinforced Li2O.Al2O3.6SiO2 glass-ceramic composites

Ta2O5, Nb2O5 and TiO2 were used separately as additives to a Li2O·Al2O3·6SiO2 glass-ceramic composition, to act as nucleating dopants and to aid the formation of an interfacial carbide layer (TaC and NbC) between the fibre and matrix in SiC fibre uniaxially reinforced glass-ceramic composites, The composites exhibited high modulus of rupture (>800 MPa) and fracture toughness (K IC > 15 MPam1/2). The interfacial amorphous carbon rich layer and carbide layer were responsible for lowered interfacial shear strength but permitted high composite fracture toughness. The composite with the TiO2 additive in the matrix showed a lower flexural strength (<500MPa) and a smaller K IC (∼-11 MPam1/2) which resulted from the high interfacial shear strength between the SiC fibre and the matrix due to the formation of the interfacial TiC layer.
The Control of a Marine Gas Turbine

The success of the G. T. S. John Sergeant has been documented fully by J. J. McMullen (1) and (2), in his papers covering the official sea trials and the ship’s initial trip to Europe. Since that time, the ship has been in regular service with only one major lay-up while structural modifications were made to the propeller.Copyright © 1958 by ASME
Normal stress distribution on the inner cylinder forced by power law fluid flowing in annulus with inner cylinder executing a planetary motion

The governing equations and calculation formulas of normal stress distribution on the inner cylinder were given in bipolar coordinate system when power law fluid flows in annulus with the inner cylinder executing a planetary motion.The governing equations were worked out by finite difference method,and then the normal stress distribution on the inner cylinder was calculated.The curves of normal stress distribution on the inner cylinder were plotted,and the affecting factors were analyzed.The results indicate that the rotation and revolution velocities of the inner cylinder,the eccentricity of the annulus are the main factors to influence the normal stress distribution on the inner cylinder,while the pressure gradient has less effect.
Identifying a Research Niche That You Can Call Your Own

Without a doubt, one of the greatest challenges as you approach a career in medical research, and for that matter, in all forms of research, is identifying a specific area of study to pursue. As a graduate or medical student just starting out, one is buffeted with an immense amount of information and data. And many of us find that there are many areas of research that seem potentially fascinating and that there is an endless wealth of possible directions in which to go. The sky’s the limit.
Questionnaire Development for the Periodic Survey of a Logistics Infrastructure

This paper illustrates the development of a questionnaire to periodically survey a regional distribution infrastructure. The future respondents of the periodic survey were utilized to develop the survey instrument. While many questionnaires are pre-tested and then revised, in this case contact with the panel was initiated to assist with the writing of the questionnaire itself.
An application of smoothing splines for molecular imaging of tumors using an improved calculation of a limiting form of Renyi entropy

In several investigations of molecular imaging of angiogenic neovasculature using a targeted contrast agent, Renyi entropy (I f (r)) and a limiting form of Renyi entropy (I f, ∞ ) exhibited significantly more sensitivity to subtle changes in scattering architecture than energy-based methods. Many of these studies required the fitting of a cubic spline to backscattered waveforms prior to calculation of entropy (either I f (r) or I f, ∞ ). In this study it is shown that the robustness of I f, ∞ may be improved by using a smoothing spline. Results are presented showing the impact of different smoothing parameters. In addition, if smoothing is preceded by lowpass filtering of the waveforms, further improvements may be obtained.
Abstract A074: A Zap70-dependent negative feedback loop governs Lck activation by CD45

The kinase Lck phosphorylates the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) complex when antigen is encountered and therefore its activity sets a critical threshold for T cell activation. Yet how Lck activity is regulated in resting or stimulated cells remains poorly understood. We have identified that a cryptic phosphosite within Lck, Y192, profoundly affects Lck activity when mutated. Notably, mutation of Y192 blocks critical TCR proximal signaling events including phosphorylation of the effector kinase Zap70 and subsequent calcium response. Accordingly, thymocyte development in retrogenic mice harboring a Y192 mutation is severely impaired. These mice are unable to produce mature T cells and accumulate double negative and double positive (CD4/CD8) thymocytes. We determined that these defects are caused by hyperphosphorylation of the canonical inhibitory phosphorylation site (Y505) within Lck9s C-terminus. Lck9s C-terminus is phosphorylated by the inhibitory kinase Csk and we have employed a regulatable reconstituted system to acutely inhibit Csk activity. Upon Csk inhibition, the phosphatase CD45 dephosphorylates Lck9s C-terminus (Y505). Interestingly, mutation of Y192 disrupts CD459s ability to dephosphorylate Y505 and activate Lck. Because Y192 phosphorylation decreases in response to small molecule inhibition of Zap70, an Lck substrate, our findings support a mechanism of negative feedback. We predict that tonic or basal signaling events that occur in the absence of TCR ligand use negative feedback, including Y192 phosphorylation, to tune Lck activity. Because modulation of Lck activity impacts TCR sensitivity, feedback mechanisms are likely critical to establishing a threshold for T cell activation. Citation Format: Adam H. Courtney, Theresa A. Kadlecek, Byron Au-Yeung, Arthur Weiss. A Zap70-dependent negative feedback loop governs Lck activation by CD45 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Second CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; 2016 Sept 25-28; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A074.
Josef Schreyvogel, Grillparzer’s “väterlicher Freund”

(1946). Josef Schreyvogel, Grillparzer’s “vaterlicher Freund”. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 21, No. 4, pp. 268-305.
IDH Mutations, 2-Oxoglutarate-dependent Dioxygenases, and Leukemia

Abstract Somatic isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2 mutations have been discovered in a variety of neoplasms, including glioblastomas and acute myelogenous leukemias. Cancer-associated IDH mutants produce large quantities (low mM) of the R enantiomer of 2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2HG). R-2HG resembles 2-oxoglutarate, which is a Krebs Cycle intermediate and an essential cofactor for a variety of enzymes including the ~70 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. Included among these enzymes are the EglN prolyl hydroxylases that earmark the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) for destruction under normoxic conditions, the JmjC histone demethylases, and the ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes that hydroxylate methylcytosine residues. In general, both R-2HG and the alternative enantiomer, S-2HG, inhibit 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, with the (S) enantiomer typically being more potent, at least as measured in vitro. We recently discovered that R-2HG, in contrast to S-2HG, potentiates, rather than inhibits, EglN activity; we linked this, and subsequent downregulation of HIF, to the ability of mutant IDH1 to transform human astrocytes. Moreover, we found that R-2HG, but not S-2HG, is sufficient to promote leukemic transformation and that its effects are reversible. In this setting, inactivation of EglN, as occurs with S-HG, appears to be antithetical to transformation. R-2HG promotes leukemic transformation by inhibiting targets such as TET2, while sparing EglN activity. Recent clinical data show that inhibiting R-2HG production can induce complete remissions in some patients with IDH mutant leukemias. We are currently trying to identify the relevant downstream targets of TET2 in IDH mutant leukemias and are also exploring whether loss of EglN activity has antileukemic effects in mouse models in vivo. Finally, we are exploring whether any other 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, such as the RBP2/JARID1A/KDM5A, might be viable drug targets in leukemia. Disclosures Kaelin: Agios: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; FibroGen: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Lilly: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Nextech: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Peloton: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; TRACON: Consultancy.
Proton detection of MAS solid-state NMR spectra of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei

Fast magic angle spinning (MAS) and proton detection has found widespread application to enhance the sensitivity of solid-state NMR experiments with spin-1/2 nuclei such as 13C, 15N and 29Si, however, this approach is not yet routinely applied to half-integer quadrupolar nuclei. Here we have investigated the feasibility of using fast MAS and proton detection to enhance the sensitivity of solid-state NMR experiments with half-integer quadrupolar nuclei. The previously described dipolar hetero-nuclear multiple quantum correlation (D-HMQC) and dipolar refocused insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer (D-RINEPT) pulse sequences were used for proton detection of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei. Quantitative comparisons of signal-to-noise ratios and the sensitivity of proton detected D-HMQC and D-RINEPT and direct detection spin echo and quadrupolar Carr-Purcell Meiboom-Gill (QCPMG) solid-state NMR spectra, demonstrate that one dimensional proton detected experiments can provide sensitivity similar to or exceeding that obtainable with direct detection QCPMG experiments. 2D D-HMQC and D-RINEPT experiments provide less sensitivity than QCPMG experiments but proton detected 2D hetero-nuclear correlation solid-state NMR spectra of half-integer nuclei can still be acquired in about the same time as a 1D spin echo spectrum. Notably, the rarely used D-RINEPT pulse sequence is found to provide similar, or better sensitivity than D-HMQC in some cases. Proton detected D-RINEPT benefits from the short longitudinal relaxation times (T1) normally associated with half-integer quadrupolar nuclei, it can be combined with existing signal enhancement methods for quadrupolar nuclei, and t1-noise in the indirect dimension can easily be removed by pre-saturation of the 1H nuclei. The rapid acquisition of proton detected 2D HETCOR solid-state NMR spectra of a range of half-integer quadrupolar nuclei such as 17O, 27Al, 35Cl and 71Ga is demonstrated.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO HIGH EMPLOYEE TURNOVER OF LAWYERS IN LAW FIRMS IN KENYA

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors contributing to high employee turnover of lawyers in law firms in Kenya. Methodology: The research design was descriptive survey design. The population of the study was all practicing lawyers based in Nairobi County. The target population is over ten thousand (10,000) lawyers in Nairobi County. The sampling frame was lawyers who are members of LSK. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and results were presented in frequency tables. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and results presented in frequency tables. The data was then analyzed in terms of descriptive statistics like frequencies, means and percentages. Results: The study results show that employee turnover was highly emphasized in law firms. The results of the study showed that effects of employee turnover were highly emphasized in law firms. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that Management should improve the terms and conditions of services to improve on the employee retention rate so as to avoid liabilities caused by staff turnover and they should provide good working conditions and being transparent and fair to their employee.
Transport coefficients of partially ionized hydrogen

Transport coefficients have been computed for partially ionized hydrogen at pressures of 0·01, 0·1, 1 and 10 atm and temperatures up to 50,000 °K. Theoretical expressions containing accurate collision integrals for charged particles were employed for the calculations. The electrical and thermal conductivities are compared with recent measurements in the wall-stabilized electric arc. Generally satisfactory agreement is noted for the electrical conductivity to 19,000 °K, but the computed thermal conductivity is considerably lower than that measured.
Demonstration of β-(AlxGa1-x)2O3/β-Ga2O3 modulation doped field-effect transistors with Ge as dopant grown via plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy

β-(Al x Ga1− x )2O3/β-Ga2O3 heterostructures were grown via plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The β-(Al x Ga1− x )2O3 barrier was partially doped by Ge to achieve a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in Ga2O3. The formation of the 2DEG was confirmed by capacitance–voltage measurements. The impact of Ga-polishing on both the surface morphology and the reduction of the unintentionally incorporated Si at the growth interface was investigated using atomic force microscopy and secondary-ion mass spectrometry. Modulation doped field-effect transistors were fabricated. A maximum current density of 20 mA/mm with a pinch-off voltage of −6 V was achieved on a sample with a 2DEG sheet charge density of 1.2 × 1013 cm−2.
Universal Citizenship Through the Discourse and Policy of Rafael Correa

This article investigates political opportunities and constraints associated with incorporating the concept of universal citizenship into migration debates. Analyzing the speeches of Ecuador's president Rafael Correa over eight years, the article argues that Correa strategically crafted a narrative of universal citizenship to undergird politically beneficial policies. Political constraints from constituents and rivals, and the populist nature of his governing style, hollowed out progressive migration policy innovations to the point that universal citizenship became a rhetorical device more than a substantive policy agenda. Through this empirical case, the article develops a more nuanced critical understanding of universal citizenship discourses as sites for negotiating the relationship between states and migrants.
Preliminary results on students' study habits and their grades in STEM courses

This short manuscript presents our preliminary results on students' study habits and the impact of these habits on their grades. Preliminary data related to three engineering classes is presented.
Assessing usefulness and researcher satisfaction with consent form templates.

Introduction We aimed to improve the research consenting process by developing and evaluating simplified consent forms. Methods Four templates written at the eighth-tenth grade reading level were developed and trialed by a group of experts in clinical research, health literacy, national regulatory requirements, and end users. Researchers from protocols which had received expedited review were surveyed at 2 time points regarding their use and assessment of the templates. Results At baseline 18/86 (20.9%) responding researchers had heard of the templates and 5 (5.8%) reported that they had used them; 2 years later, 54.2% (32/59) had heard of the templates and 87.5% (28/32) had used them (p<0.001). Conclusions Consent form templates may be one mechanism to improve patient comprehension of research protocols as well as efficiency of the review process, but require considerable time for development and implementation, and one key to their success is involvement and support from the IRB and technical staff.