cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Myometrial and Decidual Cell Suspensions

Chapter Summary Flow cytometry is a powerful tool with single-cell resolution that allows the researcher to gain information on the cellular composition of a tissue and to analyze multiple cell subsets at once. Here, we provide a methodological framework for applying flow cytometry to the study of leukocyte biology in the pregnant mouse uterus.
Survivorship and Functional Outcomes of Cementless versus Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis.

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the evidence supporting the use of cementless versus cemented total knee arthroplasties (TKAs). Specifically, we evaluated (1) all-cause survivorship, (2) aseptic survivorship, and (3) functional outcomes (Knee Society Scores [KSS], Oxford Knee Scores, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC] scores, and ranges of motion [ROMs]). A literature search was performed for studies that evaluated cementless versus cemented TKAs published between 2000 and 2017. Selected studies included three randomized controlled trials, three retrospective observational studies, and one prospective observational study that met the following criteria: (1) primary TKAs, (2) compared cementless and cemented TKAs, (3) implant survivorship that described the causes of failure, and (4) at least one functional outcome. To compare the two cohorts, pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to calculate tibial and femoral implant survivorship, and pooled mean differences (MD) and 95% CI calculated the functional scores and ROMs. Based on pooled data from the few number of studies, cementless TKAs had a better all-cause survivorship (OR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15–0.92) and tended to have a better aseptic survivorship (OR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.17–1.14). However, this is likely due to the 83.3% weight of the single cementless study potentially influencing the analysis. There were no differences in terms of KSS knee (MD = 1.03; 95% CI, −1.13–3.20) or function scores (MD = 5.36; 95% CI, –3.75–14.51), Oxford knee scores (MD = 0.36; 95% CI, –3.84–4.56), or WOMAC scores (MD = 0.62; 95% CI, –0.87–2.11). Moreover, there was no difference in ROMs (MD = 1.47; 95% CI, –0.11–3.05). Cementless TKA had a better all-cause survivorship when compared with cemented fixation, and similar functional outcomes were demonstrated. However, these findings are based on only a few number of studies (n = 7). Therefore, additional prospective, randomized control trials need to be performed to best compare cementless versus cemented outcomes.
PD05-11 POTENTIAL BENEFIT OF ADDING ORAL 5-AMINOLEVULINIC ACID TO PELVIC RADIOTHERAPY USING A SYNGENIC MYC-CAP PROSTATE CANCER MODEL

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:Radiotherapy-induced normal tissue damage in rectum and bladder remains the largest dose-limiting factor for treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). 5-aminolevulinic acid (A...
Interfacial instabilities in active viscous films

Abstract The interfacial stability of an active viscous film is analyzed theoretically. The film, which rests on a flat substrate and is bounded from above by an air-liquid interface, contains a suspension of active particles such as swimming microorganisms that self-propel, diffuse, and exert active stresses on the suspending Newtonian medium. Using a continuum model for the configuration of the suspension coupled to the forced Stokes equations for the fluid motion, we analyze the growth of linearized normal mode fluctuations with respect to the quiescent base state. In the absence of gravity, puller suspensions are found to be always stable, whereas films containing pushers can become unstable above a critical activity level where active stresses overcome the damping effects of viscosity and surface tension and drive interfacial deformations. Confinement, diffusion and capillary forces all act to stabilize the system, and we characterize the transition to instability in terms of the dimensionless parameters of the problem. We also address the case of inverted films subject to the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, where we demonstrate that active stresses generated by pullers have the ability to stabilize gravitationally unstable films by counteracting the effect of the gravitational body force.
Information technology induced attentional switching effects on inhibitory control.

Deciding what information we attend to has implications on our ability to remain valuable and productive in our respective academic and economic domains. This study investigated if attentional swit...
Epidemiology: Opioid Use and Related Disorders

Although opioid use disorders and overdose have been long-term global health problems, the United States has experienced an unprecedented opioid crisis over the early part of the twenty-first century. In contrast to the relatively stable rates of heroin use in the late 1980s and early 1990s, there were marked increases in pharmaceutical opioid use and related overdoses starting in the mid-to-late 1990s, widely attributed to increased opioid prescribing for chronic pain. Starting in 2010, substantial increases in overdoses attributed to heroin were also observed, followed by exponential increases in overdoses involving illicitly manufactured fentanyl. These shifts have been driven by broad economic and social forces, including changes in pharmaceutical and illicit drug markets. Opioid use and its complications have had public health consequences across demographic groups and geographic regions. Of all medical complications, overdose is the most serious and fatal. Overdose has been associated with increasing opioid dose and potency, and loss of tolerance. Further, “opioid” overdoses are frequently related to polysubstance use, polypharmacy, and underlying psychiatric and medical comorbidities. Overdose can be effectively prevented with opioid agonist treatment and reversed with naloxone. Together, these epidemiologic findings have driven clinical and policy initiatives to reduce prescribing of opioid pain relievers, expand access to pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorder, and increase the availability of the overdose reversal agent naloxone.
Intractable Generalized Epilepsy and Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcemia: A Case Report

Calcium-sensing receptor gain-of-function mutations are known to cause autosomal dominant hypocalcemia and independently an epilepsy syndrome. We report the unique case of a child with both intractable generalized epilepsy and a chronic abnormality in calcium homeostasis due to a calcium-sensing receptor gene mutation. She is a 16-year-old female who began having staring events around 3 years of age. After her first generalized convulsion at age 5 years, investigations revealed hypocalcemia, hypercalciuria, and central nervous system calcifications. Her electroencephalogram demonstrated generalized epileptiform discharges, a hyperventilation-induced electroclinical seizure, and a photoconvulsive response. She has since been diagnosed with intellectual impairment, behavior disorder, and intractable childhood-onset seizures, the latter of which include eyelid myoclonia with absences. We conclude that calcium-sensing receptor gain-of-function mutations may precipitate an intractable generalized epilepsy syndrome with a comorbid endocrinopathy and that further investigations should be pursued in children with seizures presumed to be provoked by hypocalcemia.
Why Is Cancer Care So Expensive: Potential Implications of Fraud and Abuse

Abstract 4275 Introduction: Annually, $82 billion to $272 billion is reportedly lost to federal health care fraud. Between 1996 and 2005, 379 federal health care fraud cases initiated by qui tam relators (“whistle blowers”) concluded, resulting in $9.3 billion in recoveries. Of these, pharmaceutical companies accounted for 13 cases (False Claims Act (FCA) cases, the primary statute invoked in health care fraud and abuse), but $3.9 billion of recoveries (4% of the cases and 39% of the financial recoveries). We report concluded FCA cases involving pharmaceutical manufacturers between 2006 and 2011. Oncology accounts for the largest per cent of total pharmaceutical expenditures. Over 90% of all new cancer pharmaceuticals cost > $20,000 for 12-weeks of treatment. Methods: Websites for the Department of Justice (DOJ), Taxpayers Against Fraud, Health and Human Services Inspector General9s Office, Health Care Fraud and Abuse Control Project, and Lexis/Nexis were queried for pharmaceutical FCA cases (2006 to 2011). Results: Between 2006 and 2011, the DOJ closed 54 cases with pharmaceutical FCA violations, 38 with and 16 without qui tam relators, accounting for recoveries of $11.3 billion (mean $296 million) and $2.6 billion (mean, $165 million), respectively. Illegal marketing is the most common fraud allegations invoked against pharmaceutical manufacturers (19 cases). Pharmaceutical manufacturers accounted for 31% of total FCA cases, and 71.5% of total FCA recoveries ( Table 1 ). Conclusion: Since the DOJ9s shift of focus to pharmaceutical corporations in 2001, the trend has intensified, with virtually every large pharmaceutical corporation settling at least one FCA case. Pharmaceutical cases now account for 31% of the federal fraud cases and 71% of the financial recoveries. Fraud and abuse may be an important component of the high costs of cancer care in the United States. Moreover, unless fundamental changes occur, the pharmaceutical industry will continue to be the main FCA investigative target as this sector has the deepest pockets and is the health care sector most resistant to deterrence. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A Diagnostic Guide for Basil Downy Mildew

Downy mildew, caused by the oomycete pathogen Peronospora belbahrii, is one of the most important diseases affecting sweet basil worldwide. Field- and greenhouse-grown basil may be affected, and cr...
Chapter 9 – Marine Turtles

The planet’s oceans are inhabited by seven extant species of sea turtles, essentially all of which are endangered or of special conservation concern due to human impacts such as overharvesting of adults and eggs for food, and the loss or disturbance of many nesting beaches around the world. Traditionally, studies of sea turtles were based on behavioral field observations (which are notoriously difficult), morphological appraisals, and physical tagging studies to monitor individual movements. Such analyses left many knowledge gaps that begged for genetic reappraisals. Beginning in the late 1980s, molecular genetic analyses were inaugurated for marine turtle species, and this pioneering research eventuated in many novel scientific findings, including those summarized in this chapter.
In tribute to founding editor, Antony R. Orme, 1932–2020

Physical geographers owe an enormous debt of gratitude to Antony Orme, the founding and long-time editor of Physical Geography. We are the beneficiaries of his vision, initiative, and leadership, a...
The variable impact of aneurysm size on outcomes after open abdominal aortic aneurysm repairs.

Abstract Objective Previous studies evaluating the association between abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) size with postoperative outcomes after open repairs seldom accounted for renal or visceral artery involvement, proximal clamp site, intraoperative renal ischemia time, and hospital volume. This study examined the association between aneurysm size with outcomes after open repairs. Methods We identified patients who underwent open repairs of infrarenal versus juxtarenal nonruptured AAAs, defined by proximal clamp site, in the 2004-2019 Vascular Quality Initiative. Outcomes included 30-day mortality, postoperative complications, failure to rescue, and 1-year mortality. Multivariable logistic regressions adjusted for patient characteristics, operative factors, hospital volume, and hospital clustering. Results We identified 8011 patients (54% infrarenal, 46% juxtarenal). The median aneurysm size did not differ between infrarenal versus juxtarenal aneurysms (5.7 cm vs 5.9 cm; P = .12). For infrarenal aneurysms, every 1-cm increase in size increase the adjusted odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) of 30-day mortality by 18% (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06-1.31), failure to rescue by 20% (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06-1.34), 1-year mortality by 18% (HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.10-1.26), but not complications (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.98-1.07). For juxtarenal aneurysm, larger aneurysm sizes were not associated with any outcome. Proximal clamp site, ischemia time, and volume were associated with outcomes. Conclusions The association between AAA size and outcomes matters less with renal and visceral artery aneurysmal involvement, having important implications for surgical decision-making, operative planning, and patient counseling.
Generation of Murine Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for Adoptive T Cell Therapy for Melanoma

Expression of chimeric antigen receptors can redirect T cell specificity and allow for MHC-independent recognition of melanoma associated antigens. Retroviral transduction is used to express chimeric antigen receptor constructs in murine CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Here we describe the production of retroviral supernatants and the activation, transduction, expansion, and selection of murine T cells expressing the chimeric-PD1 receptor. This protocol can be modified for any murine chimeric antigen receptor construct.
A Rare Case of Inadvertent Iatrogenic Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome.

A 73-year-old African American male presented with altered mental status, severe hyperglycemia, and acute kidney injury. His metabolic derangements including hyperglycemia and hyponatremia were initially thought to be the cause of his encephalopathy. While managing his hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic state, he received intravenous rehydration with almost three times his physiologic requirement for normalization of his electrolyte abnormalities. After the correction of the metabolic derangements, he remained confused with dysarthria and labile mood. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed osmotic demyelination syndrome.
TikTok: an exploratory study of young adults’ uses and gratifications

TikTok is a short-form video focused social media app with over 80 million active users in the United States. The current study aimed to understand young adult TikTok users’ and non-users’ (n = 247...
Potential Role of Acetyl-CoA Synthetase (acs) and Malate Dehydrogenase (mae) in the Evolution of the Acetate Switch in Bacteria and Archaea

Although many Archaea have AMP-Acs (acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase) and ADP-Acs, the extant methanogenic genus Methanosarcina is the only identified Archaeal genus that can utilize acetate via acetate kinase (Ack) and phosphotransacetylase (Pta). Despite the importance of ack as the potential urkinase in the ASKHA phosphotransferase superfamily, an origin hypothesis does not exist for the acetate kinase in Bacteria, Archaea, or Eukarya. Here we demonstrate that Archaeal AMP-Acs and ADP-Acs contain paralogous ATPase motifs previously identified in Ack, which demonstrate a novel relation between these proteins in Archaea. The identification of ATPase motif conservation and resulting structural features in AMP- and ADP-acetyl-CoA synthetase proteins in this study expand the ASKHA superfamily to include acetyl-CoA synthetase. Additional phylogenetic analysis showed that Pta and MaeB sequences had a common ancestor, and that the Pta lineage within the halophilc archaea was an ancestral lineage. These results suggested that divergence of a duplicated maeB within an ancient halophilic, archaeal lineage formed a putative pta ancestor. These results provide a potential scenario for the establishment of the Ack/Pta pathway and provide novel insight into the evolution of acetate metabolism for all three domains of life.
CRITICAL IDEALISM AND TRANSCENDENTAL MATERIALISM: A SPECULATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SECOND PARALOGISM

This paper argues that the critical doctrine of the necessary unity of the thinking subject propounded in Kant's Second Paralogism contains an idealist commitment to the metaphysically exceptional nature of the unifying activity of thought. Rather than rejecting Kant's transcendental framework as necessarily idealist and antagonistic to the current projects of speculative materialism, it is argued that transcendental philosophy should remain an important ingredient of any contemporary metaphysics. The implicit metaphysical idealism of Kantian critical idealism, it is claimed, in the end reveals speculative resources within the architecture of transcendental philosophy that can, if I am right, maintain the importance of the project of determining the epistemological legitimacy of metaphysical knowledge without reducing metaphysics to the subjective idealism of Kantian critical philosophy.
Location Decision Variations of Japanese Investors in China

This paper presents an empirical examination of Japanese investors’ location decisions in China and variations in those decisions. The mixed logit model, a recent advancement in discrete choice models, is adopted for the first time in plant location literature by virtue of its superior ability to accommodate heterogeneity. The paper is also intended to propose and establish a systematic method to detect heterogeneity in location choice situations.
Fgf8 is required for outgrowth and patterning of the limbs

The expression pattern and activity of fibroblast growth factor-8 (FGF8) in experimental assays indicate that it has important roles in limb development1,2,3, but early embryonic lethality resulting from mutation of Fgf8 in the germ line of mice has prevented direct assessment of these roles4. Here we report that conditional disruption of Fgf8 in the forelimb of developing mice bypasses embryonic lethality and reveals a requirement for Fgf8 in the formation of the stylopod, anterior zeugopod and autopod. Lack of Fgf8 in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) alters expression of other Fgf genes, Shh and Bmp2.
A note on the living arrangements of elders 1970-2000, with special emphasis on hispanic subgroup differentials

Previous research suggests that Hispanic elders, as a group, have been much more likely to live with others, especially adult children, than have other, especially non-Hispanic White, elders. It has also tracked an increase in solitary and couple-only living among the latter group since the turn of the century. However, it has not tracked changed living ar- rangements among Hispanic elders. When we do so, we find little aggregate change since 1970, but noteworthy change in different directions among different Hispanic subgroups. Thus aggregate figures for a diverse minority group may be masking very real changes and makes it all the more imperative that we consider different Latino groups separately and try to better understand issues of immigration and acculturation.
Remembrance: Susan Kent

Susan Kent, 50, ethnoarchaeologist, died on April 12, 2003. Her unexpected death occurred while she was in Milwaukee, attending the Society for American Archaeology annual meeting. Sue, as everyone called her, was born in Oakland, California, but spent her high school years in Colorado. She attended the University of Southern Colorado, receiving her BS in anthropology in 1973. Her graduate work was at Washington State University (MA in 1975, PhD in 1980). Although most of her later research focused on Africa, she continued to use her early work on activity areas and the uses of space among the Navajo as comparative material. Kent was appointed as visiting faculty at the University of New Mexico, Iowa State University, and the University of Kentucky, before settling down at Old Dominion University (ODU) in Norfolk, Virginia. There she eventually became an Eminent Professor. Author or editor of eight books and multiple articles and chapters, she continually worked to bring the four fields of anthropology together to bear on central areas of interest to archaeology. Many of her publications demonstrate these concerns, and indeed she was very proud to have published something in each of the anthropological subdisciplines. Among her books are Analyzing Activity Areas: An Ethnoarchaeological Study of the Use of Space (1984), Farmers as Hunters—The Implications of Sedentism (1989), Domestic Architecture and the Use of Space (1990), Cultural Diversity Among Twentieth Century Foragers (1998), and Ethnicity, Hunter-Gatherers and the “Other”: Association or Assimilation. Her African research centered on observations of the Kutse and Ju’hoansi, and she made the most of her observational time. She had a frightening story about a lion near camp on one occasion, and many tales of adventures with transportation into the heart of the Kalahari. Her devotion to African archaeology was legendary, even spending her own resources when grants were not forthcoming. Before her death she was working on an important endangered site on private property. Although she had no graduate program at ODU, she mentored students at other universities and was always willing to extend a helping hand. Her many
Feline immunodeficiency virus infects both CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes.

Abstract Monoclonal populations of feline T cells, derived from a specific-pathogen-free cat and expressing either the CD4 or CD8 surface antigen, were infected in vitro with two geographically distinct isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Both infected T-cell subsets exhibited decreased cell viability, expressed FIV-encoded proteins, and generated reverse transcriptase activity. All clones examined retained their original surface phenotype after infection. It appears, therefore, that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells may be productively infected by FIV in vivo.
Applications of the Weibull Method of Statistical Analysis of Strength Parameters of Dental Materials

Weibull’s method of analysis was used for fracture data obtained from the testing of dental composite restorative materials.
Supramolecular Self-Assembly in a Disk-Cube Dyad Molecule Based on Triphenylene and Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS)

An asymmetric disk-cube dyad molecule was synthesized by covalently attaching a 2-hydroxy-3,6,7,10,11-pentakis(pentyloxy)triphenylene (P5T−OH) discotic molecule to a cubic polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) molecule via a spacer. The sample was denoted as P5T−POSS. 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and size-exclusion chromatography were used to verify both its chemical structure and purity. On the basis of differential scanning calorimetry, two-dimensional (2D) X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses, we observed nanophase separation between the liquid crystalline P5T and crystalline POSS lamellae in the neat P5T−POSS and a miscible 1:1 mol/mol blend of P5T−POSS and POSS (denoted as 1:1 P5T−POSS:POSS). The melting temperatures of POSS crystals in P5T−POSS and 1:1 P5T−POSS:POSS were 62 and 66 °C, respectively. The isotropization temperature (Ti) of liquid crystalline P5T in P5T−POSS superposed with the POSS crystal melting at 66 °C, whereas it was at −5 °C ...
Inhibition of the microsomal stearoyl coenzyme a desaturation by divalent copper and its chelates

Abstract Divalent copper and copper complexes of tyrosine, histidine and lysine inhibited at low concentrations the stearoyl-CoA desaturation reaction in both chicken liver microsomes and in a purified system consisting of chicken liver Δ 9 terminal desaturase, cytochrome b s , ascorbate and liposome. Although the copper chelates lowered the steady-state level of ferrocytochrome b 5 by 20%, and partially inhibited the NADH-ferricyanide reductase activity, the availability of the ferrocytochrome b 5 during the time course of desaturation was not affected, indicating that the site of inhibition of desaturation was at the terminal step, i.e., on the Δ 9 terminal desaturase. The presence of chelates during catalysis was essential for the observed inhibition. Based on the observation that O 2 is involved in the desaturation and that there is an initial electron reduction of desaturase iron, it is plausible that the copper chelates are inhibiting by acting as Superoxide scavengers.
What is a monophasic action potential recorded by the Franz contact electrode

After over 20 years of successful use of the Franz contact electrode technique by many others and myself (over 1000 publications to date), the recent paper by Kondo et al. [1] claims that it is not the tip electrode, but rather the distant-from-tip or “ indifferent ” electrode that records the monophasic action potential (MAP). The introduction starts out by staging a contradiction between the classical MAP theory and the one stated by Franz [2] when in fact there is none really stated. The wording is confusing throughout their text and, in my view, of little help to foster the understanding of the complex issue of MAP genesis and recording. More important, the study by Kondo et al. [1] contains a plethora of methodological flaws of which only some can be addressed here. The isolated canine wedge preparation used by the authors is small compared to the BARD catheter used in this study. Despite the authors' assertion, the BARD catheter is not “Franz-like”. It also is not drawn to proper scale in their figures. In reality, the BARD electrode shaft would look more like a “tower” sitting on the small isolated wedge preparation. The Franz catheter was designed for human and large animal hearts and in those has provided …
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds Preorganize an Aryl-triazole Receptor into a Crescent for Chloride Binding

Aryl-triazole pentads have been preorganized with intramolecular hydrogen bonds to enhance chloride binding. This outcome highlights the dual hydrogen bond donor and acceptor properties of 1,2,3-triazoles.
Two Genes Encoding Midgut-Specific Maltase-like Polypeptides from Anopheles gambiae

Full-length cDNA clones of two genes have been isolated from the African malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles gambiae. These genes, designated Agm1 and Agm2, encode maltase-like polypeptides of 498 and 599 residues, respectively. Deduced amino acid sequences contain a putative signal peptide sequence and four potential glycosylation sites. Agm1 and Agm2 show highest similarities to the Mal1 gene from Aedes aegypti and three clustered maltase genes from Drosophila melanogaster. Both genes are located at position 46D, in the terminal division of the left arm of the third chromosome. Agm2 has very strict tissue and temporal specificity, being expressed exclusively in the adult midgut. The specificity of Agm1 is similar but appears slightly broader; transcripts of this gene are detected at a low level in the pupae, and occasionally in the adult carcass after removal of the midgut.
On the empirical distribution of eigenvalues of large dimensional information-plus-noise-type matrices

Let X"n be nxN containing i.i.d. complex entries and unit variance (sum of variances of real and imaginary parts equals 1), @s>0 constant, and R"n an nxN random matrix independent of X"n. Assume, almost surely, as n->~, the empirical distribution function (e.d.f.) of the eigenvalues of 1NR"nR"n^* converges in distribution to a nonrandom probability distribution function (p.d.f.), and the ratio nN tends to a positive number. Then it is shown that, almost surely, the e.d.f. of the eigenvalues of 1N(R"[email protected]"n)(R"[email protected]"n)^* converges in distribution. The limit is nonrandom and is characterized in terms of its Stieltjes transform, which satisfies a certain equation.
Position of regularly spaced single-stranded regions relative to 5-bromodeoxyuridine-sensitive sites in sea urchin morula DNA.

5-BROMODEOXYURIDINE (BUdR) inhibits cell differentiation and embryogenesis and yet has little effect on cell division or metabolism1. When sea urchin embryos are grown in the presence of BUdR, pre-gastrula DNA accumulates as 30–60S duplex pieces2. We have now found that naturally occurring, regularly spaced, single-stranded regions in morula DNA3 are the sites at which BUdR-induced breakage occurs, resulting in production of these 30–60S low molecular weight DNA pieces. The DNA pieces from morulae grown in BUdR are approximately half the length of DNA molecules from control embryos grown in thymidine (TdR).
R/V Maurice Ewing retires

The R/V Maurice Ewing came into port for the last time on 10 March 2005, tying up at Quonset Point, R.I., astern of the ship slated to be her replacement (Figure 1). M/V Western Legend (Figure 1, left) will, during fall and winter of 2005–2006, be converted as R/V Marcus G. Langseth, and will replace the Maurice Ewing (Figure 1, right) as the primary seismic research vessel within the U.S. academic research vessel fleet. During its distinguished 15-year career, Ewing's operations added fundamentally to the knowledge and understanding of solid Earth dynamics and structure. Ewing began life as the M/V Bernier, and performed seismic offshore exploration for Petro Canada. In an innovative process, which included initialization provided by Columbia University, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) acquired Bernier in 1989, and the ship's title passed to NSF in 1990. Bernier was converted into R/V Ewing for a total expenditure (approximately $12 million) far below the cost of building and outfitting a new seismic research ship.
Considerations in the initial management of follicular lymphoma.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent lymphoma and is the second most frequently occurring lymphoma in the western world, accounting for approximately 22% of B-cell lymphomas.1,2 The lymph nodes are the primary site of involvement, although patients frequently present with infiltration of the peripheral blood and bone marrow. On rare occasions, FL may involve other organs such as the gastrointestinal tract or the liver.3,4 The disease mostly affects older adults with a median age of onset in the sixth decade.2,5 Approximately two-thirds of patients have advanced disease at diagnosis (stage III or IV), yet they may remain asymptomatic at presentation.2 In contrast to more aggressive B-cell lymphomas, the presence of B symptoms (ie, fever [>38°C], drenching night sweats, and weight loss [≥10% body weight over 6 months]) and reduced performance status is uncommon in patients presenting with FL.6 Patients’ prognosis at diagnosis and disease clinical course can be markedly variable, with some patients experiencing spontaneous remissions (approximately 2%–3%), while for others the disease may follow an aggressive clinical course.7 Although FL is sensitive to a variety of immunotherapy and chemotherapy agents, it exhibits a continuous pattern of relapses with decreasing sensitivity to treatment, and has a median survival that has traditionally been stated to be approximately 8 to 10 years.6,8 However, recent advances in therapy are changing expected outcomes.9 Histological grade 1 and 2 FL usually presents with an indolent disease course and is conventionally considered incurable, except in some patients who present with localized disease or those who undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Grade 3 FL may follow a more aggressive clinical course and debate remains regarding the most appropriate regimens for these patients and whether the goal of treatment can be cure. Histological transformation from FL into a high-grade lymphoma is observed in approximately 3% of patients annually and is associated with a progressive clinical course, poor response to treatment, and shorter survival.10,11
Altered hemoglobin oxygen affinity in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

Abstract Alterations in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve might affect calculations of arteriovenous oxygen differences and might contribute to maintenance of myocardial oxygenation in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Accordingly, we analyzed oxyhemoglobin dissociation curves by the dynamic scanning technique as well as red cell diphosphoglycerate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) determinations in peripheral venous and arterial blood samples from 43 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in these patients was shifted to the right, as reflected by an increase in p50 values beginning as early as 2 hours and as late as 10 days after the onset of infarction. The magnitude of the p50 shift did not correlate with initial or prevailing levels of systemic or pulmonary arterial PO2, red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, ATP or cardiac index. The p50 values in venous and simultaneously obtained arterial samples correlated closely. Peak P50 was related to initial clinical class, size of infarct measured by serial serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) analysis and acute mortality. Results obtained indicate that shifts in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in. patients with acute infarction may facilitate oxygen availability to marginally perfused myocardium and must be taken into account when arteriovenous oxygen differences are calculated on the basis of PO2 or hemoglobin oximeter determinations, or both.
Eigengaps for Hub-Dominant Matrices

Hub-dominant matrices are natural extensions of hub matrices. In this article we study eigengaps of the Gram matrix associated with a hub-dominant matrix. A class of hub-dominant matrices is then constructed by using equiangular tight frames.
Cannabinoids, opioids and eating behavior : The molecular face of hedonism?

Obesity represents nowadays one of the most devastating health threats. Published reports even project a decline in life expectancy of US citizens due to the rapidly increasing prevalence of obesity. This alarming increase is intimately linked with recent changes of environment and lifestyle in western countries. In this context, the rewarding or even addictive properties of popular food may represent one of the most serious obstacles to overcome for an effective anti-obesity therapy. Therefore, in addition to molecular networks controlling energy homeostasis, now researchers are starting to define central nervous mechanisms governing hedonic and addictive components of food intake. A recently emerging body of data suggests that the endogenous cannabinoid and opioid systems both represent key circuits responding to the rewarding value of food. This review focuses on the role of these two systems for the homeostatic and hedonic aspects of eating behavior and includes their anatomical and functional interactions. Independent from the degree to which eating can be considered an addiction, cannabinoid and opioid receptor antagonists are promising anti-obesity drugs, since they are targeting both hedonic and homeostatic components of energy balance control.
Landiolol for junctional ectopic tachycardia refractory to amiodarone after pediatric cardiac surgery

Postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) in children undergoing cardiac surgery is a serious arrhythmia that is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. We present here a case of successful landiolol therapy for postoperative JET in a 3-month-old infant who underwent ventricular septal defect closure and right pulmonary artery plasty. His left ventricular function was poor postoperatively. The JET was refractory to amiodarone and caused severe hypotension, which was required cardiac massage. Continuous intravenous infusion of low-dose landiolol reduced the persistent JET rate immediately, and restored to sinus rhythm with stable hemodynamics.
A Neural Theory of Binocular Rivalry

When the two eyes view discrepant monocular stimuli, stable single vision gives way to alternating periods of monocular dominance; this is the well-known but little understood phenomenon of binocular rivalry. This article develops a neural theory of binocular rivalry that treats the phenomenon as the default outcome when binocular correspondence cannot be established. The theory posits the existence of monocular and binocular neurons arrayed within a functional processing module, with monocular neurons playing a crucial role in signaling the stimulus conditions instigating rivalry and generating inhibitory signals to implement suppression. Suppression is conceived as a local process happening in parallel over the entire cortical representation of the binocular visual field. The strength of inhibition causing suppression is related to the size of the pool of monocular neurons innervated by the suppressed eye, and the duration of a suppression phase is attributed to the strength of excitation generated by the suppressed stimulus. The theory is compared with three other contemporary theories of binocular rivalry. The article closes with a discussion of some of the unresolved problems related to the theory.
Biosensor UUV payload for underwater detection

Increased emphasis on maritime domain awareness and port security has led to the development of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) capable of extended missions. These systems rely most frequently on well-developed side scan sonar and acoustic methods to locate potential targets. The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is developing biosensors for underwater explosives detection that complement acoustic sensors and can be used as UUV payloads to monitor areas for port and harbor security or in detection of underwater unexploded ordnance (UXO) and biochemical threats. The prototype sensor has recently been demonstrated to detect explosives in seawater at trace levels when run in a continuous sampling mode. To overcome ongoing issues with sample preparation and facilitate rapid detection at trace levels in a marine environment, we have been developing new mesoporous materials for in-line preconcentration of explosives and other small molecules, engineering microfluidic components to improve the signal, and testing alternative signal transduction methods. Additional work is being done to optimize the optical components and sensor response time. Highlights of these current studies and our ongoing efforts to integrate the biosensor with existing detection technologies to reduce false positives are described. In addition, we present the results of field tests that demonstrate the prototype biosensor performance as a UUV payload.
SOSIS: infrared ocean simulation package with target interactions

ERIM has developed a highly accurate method of simulating ocean backgrounds and targets in the infrared called Ship and Ocean Surface Image Simulation (SOSIS). This package provides realistic IR images of the ocean surface and horizon as a function of sea state, atmospheric conditions, sensor properties, and viewing geometry. SOSIS uses as inputs a thermal target model, an ocean surface model, and an environmental model. It samples these three models using a system of ray tracing and rough surface scattering to account for the interactions of the ocean surface, target, and the environment. At each ray-surface intersection, SOSIS takes into account small surface roughness, bi-directional reflection functions (BRDF's), solar glint, and polarization. The imagery from the SOSIS package is used for target signature prediction, weapons design, automatic target recognition (ATR) development, IR search and track (IRST) testing, ocean-horizon signatures, and many other functions.
Diffraction corrections in radiometry: spectral and total power and asymptotic properties.

Wolf’s result for integrated flux in the case of diffraction by a circular lens or aperture in the scalar, paraxial Fresnel approximation is considered anew. Compact integral formulas for pertinent infinite sums are derived, and the result’s generalizations to extended sources and Planckian sources and asymptotic aspects at small wavelength and high temperature are all considered. Simplification of calculations for an actual absolute radiometer is demonstrated.
Subnanometer optical coherence tomographic vibrography

The ability to quantify and visualize submicrometer-scale oscillatory motions of objects in three dimensions has a wide range of application in acoustics, materials sciences, and medical imaging. Here we demonstrate that volumetric snapshots of rapid periodic motion can be captured using optical coherence tomography (OCT) with subnanometer-scale motion sensitivity and microsecond-scale temporal resolution. This technique, termed OCT vibrography, was applied to generate time-resolved volumetric vibrographs of a miniature drum driven acoustically at several kilohertz.
CSR as crisis risk: expanding how we conceptualize the relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a crisis risk. The bulk of the current research on CSR and crisis examined the role of CSR as an asset in a crisis. CSR as crisis risk is a direct function of CSR’s increasingly important role in reputation management. CSR has become an important aspect of corporate reputations – it is one of the dimensions used to assess a corporation’s crisis. The value of CSR to reputations is illustrated in the RepTrak reputation measure from the Reputation Institute and the value it places upon CSR. If stakeholders can challenge CSR claims by arguing a corporation is acting irresponsibly, the stakeholders can erode the corporation’s reputational assets by creating a challenge crisis. A CSR-based challenge occurs when stakeholders redefine a corporation’s current practices as irresponsible. The CSR-based challenge can be risk because it can damage reputational assets and potentially escalate into a crisis. CSR become...
Role of DNA Bubble Collapse in Initiation and the Transition to Elongation-A Common Mechanism in all RNA Polymerases

The well-studied RNA polymerases fall into two distinct classes: the “single subunit” family represented by bacteriophage T7, mitochondrial, and chloroplast RNA polymerases and the “multi-subunit” bacterial and eukaryotic enzyme family. All RNA polymerases are characterized by a relatively unstable initial phase (abortive cycling) and by a significant structural rearrangement associated with the transition to stable elongation. Our previous studies with the single subunit T7 RNA polymerase have established a key role for downstream DNA bubble collapse in the instability of halted initiating complexes. We now extend these studies to the initially transcribing complexes of sigma70-E. Coli RNA polymerase transcribing on variants of the T5 N25 promoter. Specifically, we have studied the role of downstream DNA bubble collapse in initially transcribing complexes by designing partially single stranded DNA constructs with the nontemplate absent at the downstream edge of the transcription bubble. As in our earlier studies, the current results show that collapse of the downstream end of the transcription bubble contributes to instability of a halted complex. This increases turnover and hence the amount of abortive transcripts. Transcription to elongation on these constructs show 18-23mer RNA products. We propose that absence of the collapse of the upstream end of the transcription bubble impairs proper displacement of the 5’end of RNA into the exit channel, leading to unstable complexes. This parallels our earlier model in the T7 system in which upstream bubble collapse (−4 to +2) facilitates displacement of the RNA from the hybrid (impairment of collapse leads to release of 11-13mer RNAs) enabling the transition to elongation.
Cardiovascular Effects of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Conscious Unrestrained Rats

Background Experiments were designed to determine whether hyperhomocysteinemia (Hhe) affects cardiovascular function when monitored in conscious unrestrained animals. Methods Adult, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a homocystine-supplemented diet for 6 months. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and pulse pressure were monitored continuously, 24 h a day, using biotelemetry techniques. Results The resulting intermediate level of Hhe was not associated with significant changes in heart rate, diastolic BP, systolic BP, or the circadian variation in heart rate. In spite of the lack of significant changes in systolic and diastolic BP, there was a slight but statistically significant increase in pulse pressure after 4 months of treatment that returned toward control levels after 6 months. Conclusions Current results indicate that Hhe alone does not have significant effects on BP. Furthermore, they suggest that the previously reported Hhe-induced adverse cardiac remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in this animal model are not the result of pressure overload.
Rapid mapping of ultrafine fault zone topography with structure from motion

Structure from Motion (SfM) generates high-resolution topography and coregistered texture (color) from an unstructured set of overlapping photographs taken from varying viewpoints, overcoming many of the cost, time, and logistical limitations of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and other topographic surveying methods. This paper provides the first investigation of SfM as a tool for mapping fault zone topography in areas of sparse or low-lying vegetation. First, we present a simple, affordable SfM workflow, based on an unmanned helium balloon or motorized glider, an inexpensive camera, and semiautomated software. Second, we illustrate the system at two sites on southern California faults covered by existing airborne or terrestrial LiDAR, enabling a comparative assessment of SfM topography resolution and precision. At the first site, an ∼0.1 km 2 alluvial fan on the San Andreas fault, a colored point cloud of density mostly >700 points/m 2 and a 3 cm digital elevation model (DEM) and orthophoto were produced from 233 photos collected ∼50 m above ground level. When a few global positioning system ground control points are incorporated, closest point vertical distances to the much sparser (∼4 points/m 2 ) airborne LiDAR point cloud are mostly 530 points/m 2 and a 2 cm DEM and orthophoto were produced from 450 photos taken from ∼60 m above ground level. Closest point vertical distances to existing terrestrial LiDAR data of comparable density are mostly
Effect of surface heterogeneity of carbon on the two-dimensional critical temperature of adsorbed xenon

Abstract Adsorption of Xe on three graphitized carbon blacks of different particle and crystallite size has been measured at 195°K, both before and after oxidation of the blacks to different levels of gasification. Gasification is known to increase the surface heterogeneity of the blacks. Using an approach proposed by Hill for mobile layers with adsorbate interaction on a surface, two dimensional critical temperatures, T2C, for Xe have been estimated. The T2C decreases significantly and continuously as the extent of surface heterogeneity is increased. It is suggested that this decrease is attributable to an increase in the magnitude of the potential barrier for the translation of Xe across the surface, as recently proposed by Steele and Karl.
The Effects of Threat Type and Duration on Public Relations Practitioner's Cognitive, Affective, and Conative Responses in Crisis Situations

The contingency theory of public relations relies heavily on the concept of threat without fully developing the concept as well as its operationalization. This study addresses this weakness through the exposition of 2 key dimensions of threats in crises as threat type and duration, and empirically testing their effects on public relations practitioners' cognitive appraisal of threats, affective responses to threats, and the stances taken in threat-embedded crisis situations. A Web-based experiment on 116 public relations practitioners was conducted using a 2 (external vs. internal threat type) × 2 (long-term vs. short-term threat duration) within-subjects design. The findings revealed the main effects of threat type and threat duration on threat appraisal, emotional arousal, and degree of accommodation. Interaction effects indicated that external and long-term threat combination led to higher situational demands appraisal and more intensive emotional arousal.
Unilateral Lisch nodules in the absence of other features of neurofibromatosis 1.

Abstract Purpose To report a 14-year-old boy with unilateral Lisch nodules without any other diagnostic features of neurofibromatosis type 1. Design Observational case report. Methods A complete ophthalmologic examination and medical genetics examination was performed. Results By clinical examination, multiple Lisch nodules were identified in the left eye. Conclusions Lisch nodules, in the absence of other diagnostic features of neurofibromatosis type 1, are an atypical finding.