cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Hyperandrogenism with Insulin-Resistant Diabetes Type A

The characterization of the hyperandrogenism of two sisters with type A insulin-resistant diabetes and hirsutism is presented. Testosterone (T) and androstenedione levels were elevated in peripheral serum. These were not markedly affected by infusion of adrenocorticotropic hormone. In patient 1 glucocorticoid suppression decreased T levels by 50% and androstenedione levels by 30% but had no effect on them in patient 2. Estrogen-progestin suppression markedly reduced testosterone levels in both patients. The blood production of T in patient 1 was 0.8mg/day and in patient 2 was 4.5mg/day, both of which are elevated. Selective venous catheterization in patient 2 revealed markedly elevated testosterone levels in the ovarian veins, and polycystic ovaries were found at subsequent laparotomy. These endocrine studies have shown that the source of excessive testosterone in these patients is excessive production by the ovaries, and it can be suppressed by oral contraceptives.
Superior Cervical Ganglion in Experimental Herpes Simplex Virus Eye Disease

The present animal models of recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) eye infections include mechanical and electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglia (TG) and treatment of the external eye with adrenergic drugs (1, 2). Because adrenergic drugs (epinephrine and 6-hydroxydopamine or 6-OHDA) are so effective for inducing HSV shedding in the eye, we are studying the role of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) in this process.
The Role of a Retailer in Designing Our Connected Future

Even though it was coined nearly two decades ago, the Internet of Things (IoT) didn’t really break into the market until around 2013 when it became evident the most popular topic at CES was smart, connected living with an endless showcase of consumer products embedded with sensing and communication technologies. As fundamental mediating bodies between manufacturers and consumers, it is up to retailers to adopt this concept and sell valuable solutions in order for the category to truly penetrate the market. In this paper we will explore trends in the public’s awareness of IoT as well as how different retailers have marketed this category over time - and the different angles to storytelling they are each taking.
Cross-Validation of Data Compatibility Between Small Angle X-ray Scattering and Cryo-Electron Microscopy

Abstract Cryo-electron microscopy (EM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) are two different data acquisition modalities often used to glean information about the structure of large biomolecular complexes in their native states. A SAXS experiment is generally considered fast and easy but unveils the structure at very low resolution, whereas a cryo-EM experiment needs more extensive preparation and postacquisition computation to yield a three-dimensional (3D) density map at higher resolution. In certain applications, we may need to verify whether the data acquired in the SAXS and cryo-EM experiments correspond to the same structure (e.g., before reconstructing the 3D density map in EM). In this article, a simple and fast method is proposed to verify the compatibility of the SAXS and EM experimental data. The method is based on averaging the two-dimensional correlation of EM images and the Abel transform of the SAXS data. Orientational preferences are known to exist in cryo-EM experiments, and we also c...
Mobile marketing to children: a content analysis of food and beverage company apps.

• This study examined the nature of US food and beverage company mobile applications (apps) for children.
Sequential quadratic programming for task plan optimization

We consider the problem of refining an abstract task plan into a motion trajectory. Task and motion planning is a hard problem that is essential to long-horizon mobile manipulation. Many approaches divide the problem into two steps: a search for a task plan and task plan refinement to find a feasible trajectory. We apply sequential quadratic programming to jointly optimize over the parameters in a task plan (e.g., trajectories, grasps, put down locations). We provide two modifications that make our formulation more suitable to task and motion planning. We show how to use movement primitives to reuse previous solutions (and so save optimization effort) without trapping the algorithm in a poor basin of attraction. We also derive an early convergence criterion that lets us quickly detect unsatisfiable constraints so we can re-initialize their variables. We present experiments in a navigation amongst movable objects domain and show substantial improvement in cost over a backtracking refinement algorithm.
A Clustering Approach for Controlling PTZ Cameras in Automated Video Surveillance

The efficient control of Pan/Tilt/Zoom (PTZ) cameras has been a major research problem. This paper presents a solution that seeks to optimize the overall subject recognition probability by controlling various deployed cameras, based on the characteristics of the subjects in the surveillance area. In particular, we propose and analyze a clustering-based approach, which can be used in conjunction with recently proposed camera scheduling schemes, to achieve significant improvements in both the subject recognition probability and the algorithm computation time. We extensively analyze the effectiveness of the clustering approach, considering the impacts of subject arrival rate.
A modular architecture for scalable inter-domain routing

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the de facto standard for inter-domain routing. BGP faces challenges such as increases in routing table size proportional to increases in the number of networks, high convergence times, and high churn rates, among others. Modularity in routing can address several of these challenges. In this article, we discuss a modular routing architecture, its application to the current Internet, and evaluate its scalability in terms of churn rate and routing table size. Optimization opportunities offered by the modular routing architecture are discussed. Briefly, a transition approach to deploy such an architecture, through a Layer 2.5 protocol, is also presented.
Efficacy of First-Line CLL Treatments in Comparison to Chlorambucil: A Network Meta-Analysis

Background: In the past several years, biology of CLL is being unleashed which had led to discovery of novel treatments, including ofatumumab and obinutuzumab, CD20 monoclonal antibodies (mAb), and ibrutinib, a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which exhibited a paradigm shift in CLL. Available clinical trials provided direct comparison with chlorambucil, with no head-to-head trials to compare them. We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to summarize the evidence on first-line treatments of CLL. Methods: We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy of ofatumumab, obinutuzumab, ibrutinib, rituximab, bendamustin or alemtuzumab, in patients with previously untreated CLL. Efficacy outcome measures included progression-free survival (PFS) at 18 months and best overall response rate (ORR), which consists of both complete and partial response rates. Bayesian NMA method was used to conduct this NMA that pools evidence from direct and indirect comparisons to facilitate simultaneous inference regarding all treatments used. Results: Five trials were identified, enrolling 2,113 newly diagnosed CLL patients with a median age ranging from 60 to 73. NMA demonstrated superiority of obinutuzumab plus chlorambucil over other mAb combinations and ibrutinib, and had the highest probability of achieving PFS at 18 months when compared to ibrutinib with risk ratio (RR) of 2.41 (credible interval [CrI] 0.89 to 5.29) and ofatumumab plus chlorambucil with RR of 7.11 (CrI 3.31 to 13.8). Table-1 depicts the results of NMA for PFS at 18 months. It also had the highest probability of achieving ORR, followed by ibrutinib ranking the second. Conclusion: Obinutuzumab plus chlorambucil has higher probability of achieving efficacy compared to other mAb combinations or ibrutinib, in terms of better ORR and better PFS rates, followed by ibrutinib. The certainty in the evidence is low because of indirectness, which is a limitation in this NMA, however our results parallel the evidence based practice. Although no head to head clinical trials compared first-line treatments for CLL, our NMA showed that obinutuzumab plus chlorambucil and ibrutinib had better efficacy profile. NMA is not a substitute for well conducted RCTs investigating direct comparisons. Abbreviations: CrI, credible intervals; PFS, progression free survival. *Treatments are ranked according to their probability of achieving comparative effectiveness. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
HERTZ, Rosanna and Nancy L. MARSHALL, eds., WORKING FAMILIES: The Transformation of the American Home

HERTZ, Rosanna and Nancy L. MARSHALL, eds., WORKING FAMILIES: The Transformation of the American Home. Berkeley, CA: The University of California Press, 2001, 389pp., $19.95 softcover/$50.00 hardcover.Working Families: The Transformation of the American Home is an edited volume that contains selected papers from a 1988 national conference, Work and Family: Today's Realities and Tomorrow's Visions" funded by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation and the Business and Professional Women's Foundation. Given the plethora of work-family books, one might question the need for yet another text. Many of the chapters cover topics standard for books on women, work and family, including the heterogeneity of American families, the changing nature of the work economy, and the evolution of family responsive workplace policies and practices. The importance of this volume comes from its creative analysis of these issues. The editors, Hertz and Marshall, define the central goal of the book is "to argue that the intersection of family and work is much more complex than is commonly thought and to provide examples of cutting-edge work that continues to ask interesting questions and generate new scholarship, policies, and practices." They have succeeded in achieving this objective through essays contributed by many of the early pioneers and current leaders in work-family research, including Ellen Galinsky, Harriet Gross, Kathleen Gerson, Arlie Hochschild, Phyllis Moen, Lillian Rubin and Barrie Thorne.The eighteen chapters are organized thematically into four sections: Changing Families, Changing Workplaces, Heartstrings and Pursestrings: Gendered Views from Within, and Children's Experiences. The chapters in the first section explore the dramatic rise in dual earner households, the growing diversity in the timing and sequencing of life course transitions, the increased pursuit of parenthood at later ages, and the changing nature of men's family work.In the second section, the chapters examine the meaning of the changing economy for American workers and their families, including the growth of the small businesses, the expansion of the secondary labor market, the rise in contingent workers, and globalization pressures. In her chapter, Galinksy suggests the emergence of a new employer perspective accentuating "work and family synergy" (as opposed to "work-family conflict") and identifies predictors of companies being family friendly. Focusing on globalization and the weakening social contract between business America and working people, Gross (in her chapter) argues, however, that "the narrowed version of the link between work and family diverts attention away from the social and economic structural underpinnings of the most significant work and family consequences. …
Geographies of Power in the Post-Cold War World-System

For a half-century the United States and the USSR oversaw a bi-polar world neatly divided into their spheres of influence. But the Cold War division abruptly ended with the Soviet Bloc’s collapse (1989–1991). How can we understand the present geographical organization of the international system of states? This is an important question: we must understand the sources and dynamics of international power if we are to effectively participate in creating a more just world order.
P33 Antibodies suggestive of immunity to hepatitis b and a are not detected in the majority of adolescents and young adults seeking medication-assisted treatment for opioid use disorder

Aims Opioid drugs, particularly morphine and heroin, can result in relative immunosuppression, negatively impacting both innate and acquired immunity. Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with history of injection drug use are at high risk for hepatitis infections; therefore, evaluation of their immune status is imperative. The objective of this study was to document hepatitis immune and infection status among AYA seeking medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for severe opioid use disorder. Methods A retrospective medical record review was conducted of all adolescent and young adults seeking outpatient MAT for severe opioid use disorder from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015. Each chart was assessed for hepatitis A, B, and C serology testing and prior hepatitis immunization status. Results Among 193 AYA presenting for MAT who had no evidence of prior hepatitis B infection, mean age was 19.3 (SD 1.66), 114 (59%) were female, and 184 (95%) were white non-Hispanic. Mean age at first opioid use was 15.3 (SD 1.85), and mean age at first heroin use was 17.0 (SD 1.87). Injection drug use and prior incarceration were reported by 136 (71%) and 29 (15%). Hepatitis C antibody was positive in 66 (34%). Seropositivity for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and hepatitis A immunoglobulin G (anti-HAV) was 62 (32%) and 45 (23%), respectively. Documentation of hepatitis B immunization initiation was evident in 102 (53%) and completion in 84 (44%). Hepatitis A immunization initiation and completion was present in 38 (20%) and 23 (12%), respectively. Conclusions Despite recommendationsfor routine vaccination, immunity to hepatitis B and A, as assessed by measurement of anti-HBs and anti-HAV, was not evident in the vast majority of AYA seeking MAT. Documentation of appropriate hepatitis immunization was present in a minority of this high risk population. Further study will explore whether seronegativity to hepatitis A and B is reflective of true lack of immunity, non-immunization status, or immunosuppression from opioid/heroin misuse in this patient population.
Emissions of N2O from Various Environments — The Use of Stable Isotope Composition of N2O as Tracer for the Studies of N2O Biogeochemical Cycling

There is a considerable interest in the emissions of N2O from various environments to the atmosphere. This is because the gas entering the atmosphere is (1) a natural source of stratospheric NO, which is an important element in the ozone chemistry in the stratosphere (Crutzen, 1970; McElroy and McConnel, 1971; Johnston, 1972; Cicerone 1987), and (2) a greenhouse gas, like CO2 and CH4, contributing to the increase of average surface temperature of the Earth by absorption of infrared radiation (Lacis et al. 1981; Dickinson and Cicerone 1986). The consequence of the destruction of the ozone layer is the increase of health hazards by the penetration of more intense UV irradiation. Tropospheric N2O concentration, currently about 300 ppb, has been increasing at the rate of approximately 0.2–0.4% annually (Weiss 1981; Khalil and Rasmussen 1983; Rasmussen and Khalil 1986).
Evaluating energy storage for a multitude of uses in the datacenter

Datacenters often are a power utility's largest consumers, and are expected to participate in several power management scenarios with diverse characteristics in which Energy Storage Devices (ESDs) are expected to play important roles. Different ESD technologies exist, including little explored technologies such as flow batteries, that offer different performance characteristics in cost, size, and environmental impact. While prior works in datacenter ESD literature have considered one of usage aspect, technology, performance metric (typically cost), the whole three-dimensional space is little explored. Towards understanding this design space, this paper presents first such study towards joint characterization of ESD usages based on their provisioning and operating demands, under ideal and realistic ESD technologies, and quantify their impact on datacenter performance. We expect our work can help datacenter operators to characterize this three-dimensional space in a systematic manner, and make design decisions targeted towards cost-effective and environmental impact aware datacenter energy management.
Photonic limiters with enhanced dynamic range

Optical limiters transmit low intensity input light while blocking input light with the intensity exceeding certain limiting threshold. Conventional passive limiters utilize nonlinear optical materials, which are transparent at low light intensity and turn absorptive at high intensity. Strong nonlinear absorption, though, can result in over- heating and destruction of the limiter. Another problem is that the limiting threshold provided by the available optical material with nonlinear absorption is too high for many applications. To address the above problems, the nonlinear material can be incorporated in a photonic structure with engineered dispersion. At low intensity, the photonic structure can display resonant transmission via localized mode(s), while at high intensity the resonant transmission can disappear, and the entire stack can become highly re ective (not absorptive) within a broad frequency range. In the proposed design, the transition from the resonant transmission at low intensity to nearly total re ectivity at high intensity does not rely on nonlinear absorption; instead, it requires only a modest change in the refractive index of the nonlinear material. The latter implies a dramatic increase in the dynamic range of the limiter. The main idea is to eliminate the high-intensity resonant transmission by decoupling the localized (resonant) modes from the input light, rather than suppressing those modes using nonlinear absorption. Similar approach can be used for light modulation and switching.
Instability of Finite Amplitude Elastic Waves

The equations of motion for hyper-elastic material form a hyperbolic system of second order quasi-linear partial differential equations $$ \frac{\partial^{2}u_{i}}{\partial t^{2}}=\sum_{k,r,s}c_{ikrs}\frac{\partial^{2}u_{r}}{\partial x_{k}\partial x_{s}} $$ for the components u i of the displacement vector u = u(x, t). The coefficients c ikrs are functions of the matrix u ‵ whose elements are the displacement gradients \( u_{i,k}=\partial u_{i}/\partial x_{k} \). In order to avoid assumptions about the behavior of the material for large stresses or strains we require the c ikrs (u ‵) to be defined only for u ‵ in the neighborhood of the origin. More generally we consider hyperbolic systems (1) of N equations for a vector u(x, t) with N components u i defined for \( x\in \mathbb{R}^{n},t\geqq0 \), the coefficients c ikrs depending on u ‵ and u t. The initial value problem consists in finding a solution of (1) for prescribed values of u (x, 0), u t (x, 0).
Theories of Contract: Promise and Non-Promissory Principles

The tension between freedom of contract and non-promissory principles such as reliance and unjust enrichment, which legitimize judicial intervention in agreements, preoccupies many contract analysts.1 Among the subjects of this book are several distinct theories emphasizing one approach or the other. This chapter, for example, compares Charles Fried’s promise theory and Grant Gilmore’s hypothesis of the “death-of-contract.”2 Professor Fried posits that freely made promises of contracting parties constitute contract law’s core, whereas Professor Gilmore insisted that non-promissory principles “swallowed up” private contract law. The debate is not merely descriptive. Promise theorists champion individual choice and urge government not to intercede in private relations. Death-of-contract analysts, on the other hand, support the use of non-promissory principles to assure fairness in the contracting process.
Analysis of Tissue-Specific Elements in the CaMV 35S Promoter

Development of a multicellular organism is critically dependent on the proper temporal and spatial cues that regulate gene expression. Thus, in any one cell at a particular time, only a subset of the total genetic information is expressed. Manifestation of a gene’s function is a multistep process that starts at the chromosome of a cell in the form of transcription and ends at the production of a functional protein in the proper place and time. Thus, regulation can be applied at numerous points in this pathway. The early step of transcription initiation represents one of such points of control. Typically, the regulatory elements that are responsible for directing specific transcription initiation reside within the 5′ promoter region of the gene. The elucidation of the mechanisms how different promoter sequences generate tissue-specific gene expression will be invaluable to our understanding of how transcription may be modulated during development.
Leveraging experience for robust, adaptive nonlinear MPC on computationally constrained systems with time-varying state uncertainty

This paper presents a robust-adaptive nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) technique that leverages past experiences to achieve tractability on computationally constrained systems. We propose a...
Meiotic Inheritance and Gene Dominance in Synthetic Sympatric Speciation

Speciation is a critical process in both evolutionary biology and evolutionary computation. It helps us understand the development of life on Earth and can improve evolutionary algorithms' abilities to find global maxima. In recent years, there have been considerable efforts to understand this process and uncover new techniques to simulate it. While there are many approaches for doing so, few examine gene inheritance and expression mechanisms. This paper seeks to address this shortcoming by demonstrating how simple changes to these mechanisms can radically alter a population's ability to speciate. Specifically, we find that simulated meiotic inheritance with complete genetic dominance significantly improves a population's divergent capability, even absent other speciation mechanisms.
Epithelial ingrowth through venting incision into laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis flap interface after descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty.

Abstract Purpose To present a case of epithelial ingrowth into the laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap interface after a patient underwent descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) surgery with venting incisions. Observations We present a case of a 48-year-old man with previous history of LASIK that underwent DSAEK for pseudophakic bullous keratopathy after complicated cataract surgery requiring an intraocular lens (IOL) exchange. The patient developed epithelial ingrowth into the LASIK flap interface from one of the venting incisions. The epithelial ingrowth was observed as it was a small peripheral area that did not affect his visual acuity. Conclusions and Importance Epithelial ingrowth is a well-described complication following LASIK but has rarely been described to occur after endothelial keratoplasty (EK). Even rarer, are reports of epithelial ingrowth after EK cases that have been found to result from venting incisions. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of the ingrowth into a LASIK flap interface occurring after EK through a venting incision. Although it may be an uncommon occurrence in which a patient with a history of LASIK requires EK, surgeons should take extra precautions to avoid this complication.
OP0083 Temporal trends and mortality of hospitalisedpatients with adult onset stills disease: a nationwide estimate

Background There is a dearth of epidemiological studies on Adult Onset Still’s Disease (AOSD). Majority of studies are from single centres or are regional. The largest AOSD epidemiological study till date describes 512 patients.1 Objectives To describe the demographics, complications, mortality and trends of hospitalised patients with AOSD in United States. Also, to understand the factors associated with mortality in these patients. Methods All adult (>18 years) hospitalised patients between 2009 and 2013 from a nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) database were captured. AOSD patients were identified using the ICD-9 code 714.2. Patients also coded for Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus, Myositis, Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Ankylosing Spondylosis and Psoriatic Arthritis were excluded. This was done in order to capture patients with strictly AOSD. NIS is the largest all-payer inpatient care database in the United States with approximately 8 million hospitalizations each year. Discharge weights were used to enable nationwide estimates. Descriptive statistics were represented as means/medians for continuous and as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. A survey weighted logistic regression model was used to describe the associations with in-hospital death. Results Between 2009 and 2013, 5,820 AOSD patients were hospitalised (table 1). AOSD patients had a mean age of 53.6 (SE – 0.61) years, 3817 (65.6%) were females. The racial/ethnic distribution showed that 56% white, 15% African American, 11.7% Hispanic and 3% Asian patients were affected. Over the years, the number of white patients that are hospitalised seems to have increased. 37.6% were hospitalised in urban teaching hospitals. 100 (1.7%) of patients developed Macrophage Activating Syndrome (MAS). 66 (1.1%) patients had disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and 25 (0.4%) had thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Mean length of stay was 6.9 days. There were 154 inpatient deaths in 5 years (mortality 2.6%). The patients who died in the hospital had a higher mean age of 62.4 (SE- 3.1) years, had a higher proportion of Asians (13.9%) and had increased number of comorbid conditions. Asians had 6.4 times the risk of in-hospital death compared to Whites. The risk for in-hospital death is 30 times higher if a AOSD patient had concurrent DIC. Conclusions In hospitalised American AOSD patients, the average age was higher than previously described in cross sectional studies. This may indicate an ageing population with a higher number of comorbidities that justify hospitalisation. More patients were in large or urban teaching hospitals compared to small or rural hospitals. In-hospital death was associated with increased comorbid conditions and was significantly higher among Asians and patients with DIC. To our knowledge, this is the largest epidemiological study of AOSD. Reference [1] Sakata N, et al. Rheumatol Int2016;36(10):1399–405. doi:10.1007/s00296-016-3546-8 Disclosure of Interest None declared
Welcome home! Routines, ontological insecurity and the politics of US military reunion videos

This article investigates the military ‘reunion’ videos that proliferated in the United States throughout the late 2000s and early 2010s. The typical video entails a returning soldier who surprises...
Dual separable feedback systems govern firing rate homeostasis

Firing rate homeostasis (FRH) stabilizes neural activity. A pervasive and intuitive theory argues that a single variable, calcium, is detected and stabilized through regulatory feedback. A prediction is that ion channel gene mutations with equivalent effects on neuronal excitability should invoke the same homeostatic response. In agreement, we demonstrate robust FRH following either elimination of Kv4/Shal protein or elimination of the Kv4/Shal conductance. However, the underlying homeostatic signaling mechanisms are distinct. Eliminating Shal protein invokes Kruppel-dependent rebalancing of ion channel gene expression including enhanced slo, Shab, and Shaker. By contrast, expression of these genes remains unchanged in animals harboring a CRISPR-engineered, Shal pore-blocking mutation where compensation is achieved by enhanced IKDR. These different homeostatic processes have distinct effects on homeostatic synaptic plasticity and animal behavior. We propose that FRH includes mechanisms of proteostatic feedback that act in parallel with activity-driven feedback, with implications for the pathophysiology of human channelopathies.
Clinical Decision Support Systems and Predictive Analytics

The chapter introduces the history of the clinical decision support system beginning with the history of the system of decision making. It is an overview of how the clinical decision support systems developed through the years. The current technology used in decision making are also discussed. With the use of artificial intelligence, the clinical decision support systems have moved to the realm of predictive analysis to find out the possibilities of diseases rather than just the diagnosis and treatment. The chapter also elaborates the various types of clinical decision supports systems. Although the decision support systems are widely regard as an important and integral part of healthcare there has been a notable reluctance in the use of clinical decision support systems. The chapter also discusses the practical challenges in the implementation of the clinical decision support systems in healthcare organisations. Each of the topics in the chapter is dealt with summarily and the reference to a detailed study is provide. The idea is to provide a clear understanding of the system rather than to fully elaborate the system.
Survival analysis of HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Hangzhou from 2004 to 2014

Objective To analyze the survival rate of HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) since the implementation of the national " Four Free and One Care" policy against HIV in Hangzhou. Methods Clinical data of 2 370 AIDS patients were collected from National AIDS Comprehensive Treatment Information System Treatment Library from 2004 to 2014. The data, including basic information, viral load, CD4+ T lymphocyte counts, starting time of treatment, WHO clinical stage, infection pathways and follow-up were respectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the survival rate and the factors affecting survival. Results The total follow-up time was 3 968.14 person years and 57 patients died in 2 370 patients with a mortality rate of 1.44/100 person years (57/3 968.14). Kaplan-Meier method showed that the cumulative survival rates of the first, third and fifth year were 98.08%, 96.20% and 95.24%, respectively.The overall mortality rate fell from 6.06/100 person years in 2006 to 1.44/100 person years in 2014.The mortality rate of AIDS-related disease declined from 1.10/100 person years in 2009 to 0.90/100 person years in 2014.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of death for patients with CD4+ T 200-349 cells/μL was 0.466 times(95%CI 0.246-0.882)as that for patients with CD4+ T cells<200/μL. The risk of death was 3.408 times(95%CI 1.365-8.506) in patients aged≥ 50 years, 3.788 times(95%CI 1.645-8.718)in patients aged 40 to <50 years, and 2.593 times(95%CI 1.139-5.905)in patients aged 30 to 40 years as that in patients aged <30 years. The mortality risk for patients with baseline WHO stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ was 1.960 times as patients with WHO stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ (95%CI 1.117-3.439). Conclusions Patients with increased age, low CD4+ T counts and baseline WHO stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ are main risk factors affecting survival rate of HIV/AIDS patients, early antiviral therapy is the key for improving the survival rate of patients. Key words: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Antiretroviral therapy, highly active; CD4 lymphocyte count; HIV long-term survivors; Mortality
Parenting Through Academia as a SICB Member

The Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology (SICB) has made tremendous improvements to their annual meeting in an effort to promote inclusivity, diversity, and accessibility to all scientists. However, within academia as an institution overall, many scientists face personal challenges that directly compete with the rigorous culture considered a requirement for success as an academic. Among these challenges is balancing parenthood with academic responsibilities, such as conference attendance and productivity. Herein, we present a report of the survey administered to the members of SICB and from discussion held during the Parenting through Academia workshop at the 2020 annual meeting. We hope that this information brings to the Society an opportunity for open collegial discussion, mentorship, and community building, and sheds light on new strategies that could be undertaken to support not only parents, but SICB membership as a whole.
Mesomechanics of a three-dimensional spider web

Abstract Spiders, silks and webs are abundant and can be found in most ecosystems: in the corner of houses, on top of bushes, or even spanning rivers. They are the proof of an evolutionary success as they were able to survive and prosper for millions of years despite being subjected to environmental and human threats, such as the displacement of spider web silk attachments or impact of prey, predators, and debris. Their success is in part due to the excellent mechanical properties of silk and webs that originate from their hierarchical structure of silk, ranging from silk protein, to fibers, to spider webs. Here, we investigate the mechanical behavior of highly complex Cyrtophora Citricola 3D spider web, the architecture of which has been digitally modeled with micron-scale details from images of full-scale laboratory experiments, under stretching and projectile impact, using coarse-grain bead-spring simulations. We show that the interplay between the nonlinear behavior of spider silk and the redundancy of complex 3D spider web structures is crucial for the robustness and resilience of spider webs. The tangle region of the spider web allows prey to fly through and be caught in the dense tent web region, providing food to the spider. It also filters out predators at low impact velocity, and consequently protects the spider located in the tent region. Understanding the role of the interplay between silk mechanics and 3D web structure in webs’ evolutionary fitness could lead to high-performance and lightweight fiber network composite for structural, material and biomedical engineering.
A novel spectrally selective fat saturation pulse design with robustness to B0 and B1 inhomogeneities: A demonstration on 3D T1-weighted breast MRI at 3 T.

Abstracts Purpose Spectrally selective fat saturation (FatSat) sequence is commonly used to suppress signal from adipose tissue. Conventional SINC-shaped pulses are sensitive to B0 off-resonance and B1+ offset. Uniform fat saturation with large spatial coverage is especially challenging for the body and breast MRI. The aim of this study is to develop spectrally selective FatSat pulses that offer more immunity to B0/B1+ field inhomogeneities than SINC pulses and evaluate them in bilateral breast imaging at 3 T. Materials and methods Optimized composite pulses (OCP) were designed based on the optimal control theory with robustness to a targeted B0/ B1+ conditions. OCP pulses also allows flexible flip angles to meet different requirements. Comparisons with the vendor-provided SINC pulses were conducted by numerical simulation and in vivo scans using a 3D T1-weighted (T1w) gradient-echo (GRE) sequence with coverage of the whole-breast. Results Simulation revealed that OCP pulses yielded almost half of the transition band and much less sensitivity to B1+ inhomogeneity compared to SINC pulses with B0 off-resonance within ±200 Hz and B1+ scale error within ±0.3 (P Conclusion In contrast to conventional SINC-shaped pulses, the newly designed OCP FatSat pulses mitigated challenges of wide range of B0/ B1+ field inhomogeneities and achieved more uniform fat suppression in bilateral breast T1w imaging at 3 T.
Human Health in Coalfield Communities of Appalachia

Differences in population health metrics for residents of Appalachia’s coal-mining counties compared to other areas have been previously documented. Research examining the effects of mining on health has demonstrated that environmental exposures lead to respiratory disease in occupational settings; however, it has been more difficult to ascertain direct or indirect factors behind health disparities at the community-wide level. While associations between economic status, education, health care access and quality, or sociocultural factors and community health metrics have been documented, the causal linkages and uniqueness of these associations within coalfield areas are not well understood. Trends in population health between the 1970s and present day highlight remarkable improvements at state, national, and global levels, while population health improvements in Appalachia coalfield communities have lagged. Evaluation of time trends in population health metrics in central Appalachian coalfield counties offer insights into the interrelationships between factors potentially contributing to disparities when compared to state, national and global trends. Disparities in health outcomes including respiratory disease, cancer mortality, and adverse birth outcomes are summarized. Initiatives building from advances in telehealth and the strong social networks in Appalachian coalfield communities show promise for addressing health disparities.
Control and liking: Examining features of interactions as relational framing cues

Interpersonal Communication, Communication Theory. Students improve their understanding of relational framing theory, consider features of interactions that influence message interpretation, and re...
High-Viscosity Versus a Lower-Viscosity Cement Penetration at Dough Phase In Vivo in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that the depth of cement penetration and the presence of radiolucent lines (RLLs) correspond with the risk of aseptic loosening in total knee arthroplasty, while others have found a correlation between the viscosity of the cement and the depth of cement penetration. We compared cement marketed as high-viscosity cement (HVC) with one marketed by the same manufacturer as low-viscosity cement (LVC). We hypothesized that no significant difference would be found in depth of penetration or presence of RLLs between the two cohorts. Methods The HVC (n = 50) and LVC cohorts (n = 50) were gathered from two sequential series of primary total knee arthroplasties using the same implants and cementing techniques. Depth of cement penetration and presence of RLL were measured in four tibial zones and were compared between cohorts. Results There were no cases of aseptic loosening in either cohort at a mean of 29 months. Mean maximum cement penetration in 3 of the 4 zones was >3 mm with both cements. There was no significant difference in maximum penetration in any zone between the two cements. There were fewer tibial radiolucencies with HVC than LVC. Conclusion These findings suggest that the marketing description of HVC or LVC is not necessarily a factor in cement penetration. The term high viscosity should not be used as a descriptor of cement that reaches dough phase more quickly, but rather cement that has a higher viscosity at its dough phase when it is typically applied.
Uterus transplantation: state of the art in 2021

To provide a comprehensive review of uterus transplantation in 2021, including a discussion of pregnancy outcomes of all reported births to date, the donor and recipient selection process, the organ procurement and transplant surgeries, reported complications, postoperative monitoring, preimplantation preparation, and ethical considerations. Literature review and expert commentary. Reports of thirty-one live births following uterus transplantation have been published from both living and deceased donors. The proper selection of donors and recipients is a labor-intensive process that requires advanced planning. A multidisciplinary team is critical. Reported complications in the recipient include thrombosis, infection, vaginal stricture, antenatal complications, and graft failure. Graft rejection is a common occurrence but rarely leads to graft removal. While most embryo transfers are successful, recurrent implantation failures in uterus transplant patients have been reported. Rates of preterm delivery are high but appear to be declining; more data, including long-term outcome data, is needed. Uterus transplantation is an emerging therapy for absolute uterine factor infertility, a condition previously without direct treatment options. It is paramount that reproductive health care providers are familiar with the uterus transplantation process as more patients seek and receive this treatment.
DNA methylation and noncoding RNA in OA: Recent findings and methodological advances

Abstract Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic musculoskeletal disease characterized by progressive loss of joint function. Historically, it has been characterized as a disease caused by mechanical trauma, so-called ‘wear and tear’. Over the past two decades, it has come to be understood as a complex systemic disorder involving gene-environmental interactions. Epigenetic changes have been increasingly implicated. Recent improvements in microarray and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have allowed for ever more complex evaluations of epigenetic aberrations associated with the development and progression of OA. Methods A systematic review was conducted in the Pubmed database. We curated studies that presented the results of DNA methylation and noncoding RNA research in human OA and OA animal models since 1985. Results Herein, we discuss recent findings and methodological advancements in OA epigenetics, including a discussion of DNA methylation, including microarray and NGS studies, and noncoding RNAs. Beyond cartilage, we also highlight studies in subchondral bone and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which highlight widespread and potentially clinically important alterations in epigenetic patterns seen in OA patients. Finally, we discuss epigenetic editing approaches in the context of OA. Conclusions Although a substantial body of literature has already been published in OA, much is still unknown. Future OA epigenetics studies will no doubt continue to broaden our understanding of underlying pathophysiology and perhaps offer novel diagnostics and/or treatments for human OA.
Using Behavioral Skills Training to Support Caregivers Through Educational Telehealth

While the COVID-19 pandemic drastically affected families, it also accelerated the availability and use of video conferencing technology in their homes. Families will continue to experience challenges, even when children safely return to in-person instruction. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how practitioners can use behavioral skills training (BST) through educational telehealth to support caregivers’ implementation of evidence-based practices for children with disabilities. This article presents strategies on how to use synchronous and asynchronous technology to plan effective, efficient interventions that focus on families’ needs and preferences. BST procedures of instructions, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback are discussed within a case study for Lucia, a young child with autism spectrum disorder, and her family as they learn effective antecedent-based and consequence interventions to improve Lucia’s compliance. Practical techniques with direct application, such as an Instructions handout and a Sample Schedule, support practitioners’ implementation of direct in-home support for caregivers through the use of technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Teaching Exceptional Children is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Accelerating large scale de novo metagenome assembly using GPUs

Metagenomic workflows involve studying uncultured microorganisms directly from the environment. These environmental samples when processed by modern sequencing machines yield large and complex datasets that exceed the capabilities of metagenomic software. The increasing sizes and complexities of datasets make a strong case for exascale-capable metagenome assemblers. However, the underlying algorithmic motifs are not well suited for GPUs. This poses a challenge since the majority of next-generation supercomputers will rely primarily on GPUs for computation. In this paper we present the first of its kind GPU-accelerated implementation of the local assembly approach that is an integral part of a widely used large-scale metagenome assembler, MetaHipMer. Local assembly uses algorithms that induce random memory accesses and non-deterministic workloads, which make GPU offloading a challenging task. Our GPU implementation outperforms the CPU version by about 7x and boosts the performance of MetaHipMer by 42% when running on 64 Summit nodes.
Effects of pitch, yaw, and roll on delta wing skin friction topology

High-resolution skin friction fields in separated flows over a 65° delta wing and a 76/40° double-delta wing with different junction fillets are obtained by using quantitative global skin friction diagnostics based on luminescent oil visualizations. The topological features such as separation and attachment lines on these delta wings are identified, and the effects of the pitch, yaw, and roll angles on the skin friction topology are studied systematically. The topological consistency of the measured skin friction fields on the delta wings is examined by using the Poincare–Bendixson index formula.
Sitting Behavior and Physical Activity of College Students: Implications for Health Education and Promotion

The purpose of this study was to provide a baseline assessment of sitting behaviors and physical activity among college students in a physical activity and wellness course. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ was used to measure the physical activity and sitting behaviors of college students. Independent t-tests and ANOVAs were conducted to analyze differences in college students' physical activity and sitting behavior based on demographic information. Findings indicated that males were more active than females in the following areas: moderate activity during leisure time, vigorous activity at work, and total vigorous activity. Females reported significantly more time spent sitting than males during the week and on the weekends. Based on this research, there seems to be a need for two concurrent goals relating to health promotion: 1 increasing physical activity, and 2 decreasing prolonged sitting behaviors. Recommendations for practice include revising health curriculums, training health professionals, and gaining stakeholder and leadership support.