cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Perceived Job Satisfaction From ERP-enabled Emergency Service Adoption: An Empirical Study

The present study applies partial least square (PLS) algorithm to identify key antecedents that influence perceived job satisfaction due to the implementation of an ERP-enabled shared platform by emergency services organizations. Using data collected from 193 ERP users we developed and tested two research models primarily based on extending technology acceptance (TAM) model taking contextual task characteristics into account. From the results we found that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and compatibility positively influence users’ behavioral attitude toward ERP system which in turn positively influence users’ perceived job satisfaction. Finally, the implications of the study as well as future research directions are presented.
Genome Rearrangements in Salmonella

A small number of Salmonella enterica serovars are host specific, only causing infection in one host species or a few closely related species. The diseases caused by broad-host-range and host-restricted Salmonella serovars also differ. Rearrangements can occur via recombination between short repeat sequences, but most large chromosomal rearrangements in bacteria occur by recombination between repeated sequences with several kbp of homology. IS200 is the most common IS element in Salmonella, it transposes infrequently. Thus, in contrast to many bacteria that have a high background of transposition-mediated rearrangements, most genome rearrangements in Salmonella are due to recombination. In contrast to the broad-host-range serovars, isolates of host-specific S. entericaserovars have large-scale chromosomal rearrangements resulting from recombination between the rrn operons. Inversions and translocations change the order of the chromosomal regions between the rrn operons from the conserved arrangement type found in the broad-host-range serovars to one of over fifty arrangement types identified so far in host-specific serovars. Comparative genomics has revealed that many host-specific pathogens show greater genome plasticity than closely related bacteria that live in a wider variety of environmental conditions. Although the genome rearrangements in other bacteria are often mediated by active transposons, it seems likely that the observed differences in genome plasticity are simply determined by the selective constraints of their distinct ecological niches. Genome rearrangements also have practical implications for foodborne pathogens, as they can complicate the identification and tracking of outbreak strains.
Buddhism, Knowledge and Liberation: A Philosophical Study

(2005). Buddhism, Knowledge and Liberation: A Philosophical Study. Ars Disputandi: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 47-48.
Studies on calciferol metabolism. VII. The effects of actinomycin D and cycloheximide on the metabolism, tissue and subcellular localization, and action of vitamin D3.

Abstract It was originally postulated, primarily on the basis of experiments employing actinomycin D, that calciferol (vitamin D) mediated its characteristic physiological responses in the intestine via the activation of information stored in the intestinal genome. A more recent alternative hypothesis suggested that actinomycin D blocked the biological response to calciferol by inhibiting the mandatory metabolism of cholecalciferol to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Presented in this paper are the results of recent experiments studying the effects of both actinomycin D and cycloheximide on the metabolism, subcellular localization, and action of cholecalciferol or its metabolites, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Actinomycin D was found to inhibit calcium transport stimulated by cholecalciferol or its metabolites without inhibiting their metabolism or localization in the target tissue, the intestinal mucosa. However, actinomycin D had to be administered in four doses at 2-hr intervals to block the stimulation of calcium transport by 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Actinomycin D was also found not to lower the renal levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase, which were measured in vitro . In contrast, cycloheximide was found to inhibit the localization of the sterols in the intestine. Also cycloheximide lowered the renal enzyme levels which were measured in vitro following administration of the antibiotic in vivo . From these data it can be calculated that the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase appears to have a t 1 2 of approximately 3 hr. Thus, the inhibition of intestinal calcium transport by these two antibiotics may in fact occur at two different target organs; cycloheximide by a lowering of the kidney levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase and actinomycin D by blocking the action of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in the intestine.
Why In Re Omegas Group Was Right: An Essay on the Legal Status of Equitable Remedies

This article is part of a symposium on the new Restatement (Third) or Restitution and Unjust Enrichment. I take up the problem of constructive trusts in bankruptcy. The Restatement takes the position that constructive trust claimants have automatic priority in insolvency situations over ordinary creditors. I argue that this unduly reifies a remedial construct that is useful for capturing unjust enrichment but does not always do so in cases of insolvency.
Effect of Ni‐Al Precursor Type on Fabrication and Properties of Tic‐Ni3Al Composites

Tic-Ni 3 Al composites containing about 50 vol. % metal are of interest for application in diesel engines. Processing studies have shown that the Ni-Al precursor type can have a considerable effect on the densification behavior and final mechanical properties. Several different metal powder combinations were examined that would react to produce Ni 3 Al. These included: NiAl + Ni; Al-30 Ni + Ni; Ni+Al+NiAl + Ni; and Ni + Al. Sintering behavior was acceptable for all types except when elemental Al was used. Those particular samples exhibited macroscopic cracking due to differential heating and shrinkage resulting from the highly exothermic reaction between the Ni and Al. While the other samples densifi well, only the composites made from the NiAl + Ni combination had mechanical properties that were acceptable.
The Effects of Vehicle Seat Belt Parameters on the Injury Risk for Children in Booster Seats

The development of a multi-body model of an appropriate child restraint system proves to be useful for the evaluation of various existing seat belt restraint systems and their effect in the injury risk of children ages 4 to 10. The proper restraint for children ages 4-10 years old is a booster seat that is restrained by the vehicle’s seat belt system. The goal of this paper is to investigate the effects of misuse of the restraint system by varying initial seat belt slack and to investigate the effects of modern countermeasures such as force limiting belts and pretentioners on the injury risk of young children.
Detection of transient EEG patterns with adaptive unsupervised neural networks

Adaptive resonance theory (ART2) neural networks are investigated for on-line unsupervised recognition of EEG spikes for epilepsy monitoring. ART2 networks are unsupervised self-organizing systems that cluster data into different classes. Learning is completed when these classes are labelled by an expert and are saved in a look-up table for use by the system. Recognition of new data is accomplished by finding the class assigned by ART2 and searching through the table to get the proper labels. Unrecognized inputs are put into a new class for future labelling. In this study an ART2 neural network with 20 inputs was developed and trained using EEG data containing spike and non-spike waveforms. For comparison a 20 input multilayer perceptron was constructed and evaluated similarly. Evaluation with three sets of EEG patterns indicates that the ART2 network's performance is close to that of multilayer perceptron showing its high potential. Considering that ART2 can be trained with one or a few iterations (compared to thousands required for backpropagation networks), monitoring systems with on-line training can be easily constructed. >
Verbal and non-verbal memory and hippocampal volumes in a memory clinic population

Better characterization of the relationship between episodic memory and hippocampal volumes is crucial in early detection of neurodegenerative disease. We examined these relationships in a memory clinic population. Participants (n = 226) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and tests of verbal (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, HVLT-R) and non-verbal (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, BVMT-R) memory. Correlational analyses were performed, and analyses on clinical subgroups (i.e., amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, non-amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, probable Alzheimer’s disease, intact memory) were conducted. Positive associations were identified between bilateral hippocampal volumes and both memory measures, and BVMT-R learning slope was more strongly positively associated with hippocampal volumes than HVLT-R learning slope. Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) participants showed specific positive associations between BVMT-R performance and hippocampal volumes bilaterally. Additionally, analyses of the aMCI group showed trend-level evidence of material-specific lateralization, such that retention of verbal information was positively associated with left hippocampal volume, whereas learning curve and retention of non-verbal information was positively associated with right hippocampal volume. Findings support the link between episodic memory and hippocampal volumes in a memory clinic population. Non-verbal memory measures also may have higher diagnostic value, particularly in individuals at elevated risk for Alzheimer’s disease.
Evidence for different glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases in WI-38 and SV40-transformed WI-38

Abstract 1. 1. The kinetics and regulation by effectors of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.2.1.12) from WI-38 and SV40-transformed WI-38 (WI-38VA13A) were studied. 2. 2. Both the apparent K m for NAD + (about four times greater) and the interaction between NAD + binding sites appeared greater for the enzyme of the SV-40 transformed cells. A consequence of this was a fully active WI-38 enzyme in vitro , when the enzyme from WI-38VA13A would be approximately 50 per cent active. 3. 3. The WI-38VA13A enzyme was more susceptible to inhibition by adenine nucleotidcs.
A revisionist history of microscopical sciences

SUMMARY Indices of productivity have been constructed using the scientific literature of the seventeenth through mid-nineteenth century for use in judging the accuracy of generalized statements citing low or no productivity in microscopical science during this time. The evidence produced refutes the expressed opinions that: (1) microscopes of that period were considered useless for scientific studies; (2) microscope images were considered unreliable by the scientific community; (3) the trivial activities of ‘amateurs’ precluded serious studies by ‘professionals’; (4) the microscope was simply unappreciated as a research tool until the middle of the nineteenth century.
Particle kinetics on one-dimensional lattices with inequivalent sites

A study is made of a stochastic model of particle kinetics on a one-dimensional lattice with inequivalent sites. Hard-core interactions between indistinguishable particles are incorporated by forbidding multiple occupancy of a site. An exact solution of the rate equations is obtained in the equivalent site limit. An analysis of the general case is carried out using the linearized rate equations. Approximate expressions for the conditional probabilities are derived and compared with the solutions obtained by numerical integration of the corresponding nonlinear equations. An alternative approach based on the master operator is also investigated.
Linguistic pluralism or prescriptivism? A CDA of language ideologies in Talento, Peru's official textbook for the first-year of high school

Abstract Educational Reforms in Peru indicate a shift toward a more tolerant view of language diversity. For instance, the Education Law # 28044 (Ministry of Education, 2005) establishes the teaching of respect for indigenous languages and language diversity as a main goal in the area of language. This law is important, but it does not imply a real acceptance of language diversity. This article examines language ideologies toward language variation and regional varieties of Spanish in Peru's official first-year language high school textbook, Talento. Using Critical Discourse Analysis, it examines the text's content, and the rhetorical devices utilized to express it (i.e., word, verbal and mood selections). Additionally, it briefly reviews Peruvian educational policies and curriculum. As will be shown here, Talento does not really endorse language diversity. More so, the textbook evidences a hidden curriculum which advances prescriptivism and the superiority of standard Spanish over regional varieties of Spanish.
Altered regional brain glucose metabolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a pet study

The basis for cognitive impairment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is not well understood but may be related to abnormal expression of dystrophin in brain. The aim of this study was to determine whether regional brain glucose metabolism is altered in children with DMD and whether such metabolic disturbances are localized to regions shown to be normally rich in dystrophin expression. Ten boys (mean age, 11.8 years) with DMD and 17 normal adults as a control group (mean age, 27.6 years) underwent 2-deoxy-2[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography (PET) and neuropsychological evaluation. The PET data were analyzed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM). The SPM analysis showed five clusters of decreased glucose metabolism in children with DMD, including the medial temporal structures and cerebellum bilaterally and the sensorimotor and lateral temporal cortex on the right side. At the voxel level, significant glucose hypometabolism was found in the right postcentral and middle temporal gyri, uncus, and VIIIB cerebellar lobule, as well as in the left hippocampal gyrus and cerebellar lobule. The neuropsychological profile of the DMD group revealed borderline nonverbal intellectual functioning, impaired manual dexterity bilaterally, borderline cognitive functioning, and internalizing behavioral difficulties. Our findings demonstrate region-specific hypometabolism, as well as cognitive and behavioral deficits in DMD children. As the regions showing hypometabolism on PET include those normally rich in dystrophin expression, it will be important to determine whether the hypometabolic regions also show cytoarchitectural abnormalities related to the lack of dystrophin.
Development of a leukocytopenic baby guinea pig model with azathioprine and cyclophosphamide

Abstract Immunosuppressive agents were given to baby guinea pigs to develop a leukocytopenic baby guinea pig model. Azathioprine in different doses, and cyclophosamide and methylprednisolone combinations did not result in predictable leukocytopenia without significant mortality. A combination of azathioprine 20mg and cyclophosphamide 20mg administered once daily for 5 days to 42 baby guinea pigs resulted in a mean white blood cell count of 2531/mm 3 ±1198 (a reduction of 3931 ± 1413 from pretreatment values). The mean counts for polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes on day 6 were 398/mm 3 and 2035/mm 3 , respectively. Only 7% mortality was seen in these animals. This model can be utilized to study a variety of bacterial and viral infections in “immunocompromised hosts”.
Study of rat renal brush border membrane vesicles by flow cytometry

Study of rat renal brush border membrane vesicles by flow cytometry. The rich heterogeneity of renal tubular membranes and cells continues to provide formidable challenges in the isolation of homogeneous membrane vesicle populations for study. The present study applies flow cytometry, the technique of fluorescence-activated cell sorting, to the study of brush border membrane vesicles. Direct comparison was made of enzymatic marker purity of rat renal cortical brush border membrane vesicles prepared by divalent ion precipitation, or flow cytometry sorting. Flow cytometry sorted membrane vesicles were characterized by greater brush border membrane markers, no detectable mitochondrial or basolateral markers, and greatly reduced Golgi and lysosomal markers. The flow sorted membrane vesicles were functional for transport studies as they took up at least as much 3 H-proline and 3 H-glucose per mg protein as divalent ion precipitation membrane vesicles. Preparation of membrane vesicles from superficial and deep cortex allowed us to image the different distributions of γglutamyl transferase in membrane vesicles from these areas. Hence, membrane vesicle populations of exceptional purity can be separated according to fluorescent markers using flow cytometry. High speed observations on large numbers of individual vesicles allows identification of subpopulations, and statistical comparison, within a single heterogeneous sample.
A measure of the local connectivity between graph vertices

Abstract Measuring the connectivity strength between a pair of vertices in a graph is one of the most vital concerns in numerous computational graph problems. In this paper we propose a local measure, together with an efficient algorithm that is scalable and parallelizable. In the heart of the algorithm is an iterative process that propagates and refines random values associated with each vertex. The connectivity measure hence defined, named algebraic distance, is the absolute difference between two values after a small number of iterations. This process is inspired by the bootstrap algebraic multigrid (BAMG), where a similar process is employed to expose connections between variables and to determine their role in convergence of a multigrid solver. We show convergence properties of the proposed measure, and provide a mutually reinforcing model to explain why the algebraic distances meaningfully measure the connectivity in a local sense. The practical effectiveness of the proposed measure is demonstrated on several computational (hyper)graph problems.
Development and segmental organization of rostrocaudal dendrites of rat sympathetic preganglionic neurons

The longitudinal organization of preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the adult mammalian spinal cord takes the general form of a ladder. In the rat, the preganglionic neurons of the intermediolateral cell column (IML) have extensive dendritic arborizations in both rostrocaudal and mediolateral directions. We have studied the development of the rostrocaudal dendritic projection by retrogradely labeling single sympathetic preganglionic spinal segments with the membrane label DiI. The rostrocaudal dendrites of sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the IML begin to develop prenatally on embryonic day 19-20 (E19/20), several days after these neurons develop mediolaterally oriented dendrites. Between E19 and postnatal day 1 (P1), the rostrocaudal dendrites attain a length of approx. 200 microns. As the rostrocaudal dendrites elongate, the preganglionic neurons form distinct clusters between which dendritic bundles are seen. Following a growth spurt from E19 to P1, the average rostrocaudal dendritic length approximates twice the distance between clusters from P1 to P9.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Long-term Compensation: Evidence from Canada

This paper examines the association between long-term compensation and corporate social responsibility (CSR) for 90 publicly traded Canadian firms. Social responsibility is considered to include concerns for social factors and the environment (e.g. Johnson, R. and D. Greening: 1999, Academy of Management Journal 42(5), 564-578; Kane, E. J. (2002, Journal of Banking and Finance 26:, 1919-1933; McGuire, J. et al. 2003, Journal of Business Ethics 45 (4), 341-359). Long-term compensation attempts to focus executives’ efforts on optimizing the longer term, which should direct their attention to factors traditionally associated with socially responsible executives (Mahapatra, S. 1984, Journal of Financial Economicsit 20, 347-376). As hypothesized, we found a significant relationship between the long-term compensation and total CSR weakness as well as the product/environmental weakness dimension of CSR. In addition, we found a marginally significant relationship between long-term compensation and total corporate responsibility. Our findings are that executives’ long-term compensation is associated with a firm’s environmental actions, and that firms that utilize long-term compensation are more likely to mitigate product/environment weaknesses than those that do not. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
From cudgel to scalpel: toward precise neural control with optogenetics

Optogenetics is routinely used to activate and inactivate genetically defined neuronal populations in vivo. A second optogenetic revolution will occur when spatially distributed and sparse neural assemblies can be precisely manipulated in behaving animals.
Merging PMU, Operational, and Non-Operational Data for Interpreting Alarms, Locating Faults and Preventing Cascades

With the development of synchronized sampling technique and other advanced measurement approaches, the merging of various substation data to be used in new applications in the EMS solutions has not yet been explored adequately. This paper deals with the integration of time correlated information from Phasor Measurement Units, SCADA and non-operational data captured by other intelligent electronic devices such as protective relays and digital fault recorders, as well as their applications in alarm processing, fault location and cascading event analysis. A set of new control center visualization tools shows that the merging of PMU, operational and non-operational data could improve the effectiveness of alarm processing, accuracy of fault location and ability to detect cascades.
The adsorption of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd on goethite from major ion seawater

Abstract The adsorption of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd on goethite (αFeOOH) from NaNO3 solutions and from major ion seawater was compared to assess the effect of the major ions of seawater (Na, Mg, Ca, K, Cl, and SO4) on the adsorption behavior of the metals. Magnesium and sulphate are the principal seawater ions which enhance or inhibit adsorption relative to the inert system. Their effect, as determined from the site-binding model of Davis et al. (1978), was a combination of changing the electrostatic conditions at the interface and decreasing the available binding sites. The basic differences between the experimental system of major ion seawater and natural seawater were examined. It was concluded that: 1) although the experimental metal concentrations in major ion seawater were higher than those found in natural seawater, estimates of the binding energy of Cu, Zn, and Cd with αFeOOH for natural seawater concentrations could be made from the data, 2) Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd showed little or no competition for surface sites on goethite, and 3) the presence of carbonate, phosphate, and silicate had little or no effect on the adsorption of Zn and Cd on goethite.
INTELLIGENCE TESTING AND THE FIELD OF LEARNING DISABILITIES: A HISTORICAL AND CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE

One of the most significant characteristics of the development of American education during the past seven decades is the remarkable growth in utilization of intelligence tests. As a fundamental component of efforts to make educational research more scientific and educational practice more efficient, intelligence testing has gained an important and apparently secure position in American education. Intelligence tests are used in a variety of ways. In the field of learning disabilities, for example, intelligence scores are used extensively to identify children for learning disability services. According to recent state and federal regulations, a child is considered learning disabled if he/she demonstrates "a severe discrepancy between achievement and intellectual ability" in any of several intellectual areas (Sec. 121a.541 of Amended PL 94-142). Professionals in learning disabilities (LD) have developed several formulas for determining such discrepancies--all of them relying on intelligence scores as the indicator of intellectual ability (O'Donnell, 1980). Recent information provided by the California State Department of Education (CSDE) (1983a) concerning LD eligibility also illustrates the importance placed on standardized intelligence scores when identifying a child as learning disabled: The determination of a severe discrepancy necessitates the use of a standardized achievement test and a test of intellectual ability. The required 1.5 standard deviation criteria is the critical threshold that must be corroborated by other assessment data. (CSDE No. 1, p. 1) A number of other states have adopted IQ scores as the "critical threshold" for determining LD eligibility. In fact, intelligence testing has become so common that its utility or efficacy is rarely questioned. Such wide acceptance of intelligence testing should not imply, however, that intelligence tests have achieved a satisfactory level of design or implementation. From the beginning, intelligence testing has encountered serious theoretical and practical problems which have cast doubt over the tests' ability to yield proper and accurate information. This article contains a review of the
Mass Transfer Equation for Proteins in Very High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography

The mass transfer kinetics of human insulin was investigated on a 50 mm × 2.1 mm column packed with 1.7 μm BEH-C18 particles, eluted with a water/acetonitrile/trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) (68/32/0.1,...
cDNA-derived amino acid sequence of the NADH-binding 51-kDa subunit of the bovine respiratory NADH dehydrogenase reveals striking similarities to a bacterial NAD(+)-reducing hydrogenase.

Abstract A lambda gt10 bovine brain and a lambda gt11 bovine heart cDNA library were screened with oligonucleotide probes corresponding to partial protein sequences directly determined from the isolated 51-kDa subunit of the bovine respiratory-chain NADH dehydrogenase. Clones were isolated that encode a protein of 464 amino acids containing all the 11 partial tryptic peptide sequences determined from the 51-kDa subunit. The size and amino acid composition of this protein agree with those determined for the purified 51-kDa subunit. Furthermore, this protein contains a putative NADH-binding domain, a possible FMN-binding site, and a putative binding site for an iron-sulfur cluster. The above evidence indicates that the cloned protein is the 51-kDa subunit or its precursor. A search for sequence similarity with proteins in the Protein Identification Resource data base has revealed that the 51-kDa subunit has 32% amino acid sequence identity with a major portion of the alpha subunit of the soluble NAD(+)-reducing hydrogenase from Alcaligenes eutrophus. In particular, there are three segments of high sequence similarity (70-88%) between the two proteins which correspond to the three ligand-binding sites.
PS3-30: Recidivism to Uncontrolled BP Levels in Previously Controlled Hypertension Patients

Background/Aims We posit that as rates of hypertension (HT) control improve nationally, recidivism from controlled to uncontrolled HT will emerge as a major obstacle to ongoing improvement in overall population rates of HT control. To probe this hypothesis, we examined rates and predictors of HT recidivism in adults with baseline adequate HT control who are receiving care at medical groups that have overall high rates of HT control.
Petrographic observations of Gieseler semi-cokes from high volatile bituminous coals

Semi-cokes from Gieseler plastometry experiments on high volatile bituminous coals conducted under both ASTM 2639 (3°C/min temperature ramp) and isothermal conditions, the latter run at both varied temperatures and at fixed times at a single temperature, were studied for their optical texture. There is some relationship between semi-coke texture and coal rank, with semi-cokes from higher rank coals showing a greater tendency towards the development of a flow texture and, in certain cases, the progression from isotropic to anisotropic semi-coke. Increases in both time and temperature promote a similar tendency towards the development of a flow texture and, in the case of an eastern Kentucky coal, the progression from isotropic to anisotropic semi-coke. Vitrinite types with a greater initial organic sulfur content exhibit flow textures at shorter times than comparatively low-sulfur vitrinite.
Tissue-specific binding of testis nuclear proteins to a sequence element within the promoter of the testis-specific histone H1t gene

The rat histone H1t gene is transcribed only in testis germinal cells. This testis-specific chromosomal protein is first synthesized during spermatogenesis in pachytene spermatocytes and the entire complement of testis histones is replaced during the midspermatid stage of spermiogenesis by positively charged transition nuclear proteins TP1 and TP2. Mobility shift assays conducted using crude nuclear protein extracts from different tissues and an 18-bp DNA sequence element within the H1t promoter as a probe reveal binding only with nuclear proteins from testis. The binding is specifically competed with an excess of the same unlabeled DNA fragment but not with heterologous competitors. A larger oligonucleotide corresponding to the same sequence element plus 18 bp of the adjacent downstream H1/CCAAT element binds nuclear proteins from all tissues tested, but a unique low mobility band is formed only with testis extracts. Protein-DNA crosslinking experiments reveal that two major polypeptides with molecular weights of approximately 13 and 30 kDa bind to the 18-bp H1t promoter sequence element. This strong correlation between the tissue where the H1t gene is transcribed and the presence of testis-specific nuclear proteins that bind to a sequence element within the testis histone H1t promoter supports the possibility that these DNA-binding proteins may participate in formation of an active transcription initiation complex with the testis H1t promoter.
A comparison of the effects of prostacyclin and the 15(S), 15-methyl analogs of PGE2 and PGF2-alpha on gastric parietal and nonparietal secretion.

The mechanism by which prostaglandins protect the gastric mucosa is unclear. Although this action has been shown to be independent of the ability to inhibit parietal secretion as measured by hydrogen ion (H+) output, it may be related to stimulation of nonparietal secretion measured here as sodium ion (Na+) output. Five conscious, chair-adapted rhesus monkeys received an infusion of either prostacyclin (PGI2; 125, 175, or 250 ng/kg/min intravenously) or the 15(S), 15-methyl analog of either PGF2α (mePGF2α; 0, 1000, or 2000 ng/kg/min subcutaneously) or PGE2 (mePGE2; 0, 15, or 30 ng/ke/min subcutaneously) on different days. The output of H+, Na+ potassium (K+), and chloride (Cl−) ion were determined using a dye dilution technique during a basal period and following the intragastric administration of an 80-ml water load. PGI2 (175 and 250 ng/kg/min), mePGF2α, and mePGF2 all significantly inhibited H+ output. Both basal and postload Na+ output were increased significantly by mePGE2, while only postload Na+ output was significantly enhanced by mePGF2α. Na+ output was not modified by PGI2. K+ output was unchanged by mePGE2α or mePGF2α; however, postload K+ output was significantly inhibited by the highest dose of PGI2. Both basal and postload Cl− output were suppressed significantly by PGI2 while basal Cl− output was decreased significantly by the higher dose of mePGF2α and postload Cl− output was inhibited by both doses of mePGF2α. In contrast, Cl− secretion was unaffected by mePGE2. Thus, mePGE2 markedly increased nonparietal secretion, while mePGF2α mildly increased and PGI2 did not affect nonparietal secretion. On the basis of these results, a stimulation of nonparietal secretion cannot be considered as the common mechanism for the gastric cytoprotective effect of these prostaglandins.
Growth and diet of fish in Waldo Lake, Oregon

ABSTRACT Waldo Lake, located in the Oregon Cascades, is considered to be one of the most dilute lakes in the world. Even with low nutrient concentrations and sparse populations of zooplankton, introduced fish in the lake are large in size and in good condition when compared to fish from other lakes. This apparent anomaly is due to the availability of benthic macroinvertebrates. Taxa found in the stomach contents offish captured in Waldo Lake consist primarily of Chironomidae larvae and pupae, Trichoptera larvae and pupae, amphipods, Ephemeroptera larvae, and Odonata larvae.
Airborne bacterial communities in residences: similarities and differences with fungi.

Genetic analysis of indoor air has uncovered a rich microbial presence, but rarely have both the bacterial and fungal components been examined in the same samples. Here we present a study that examined the bacterial component of passively settled microbes from both indoor and outdoor air over a discrete time period and for which the fungal component has already been reported. Dust was allowed to passively settle in five common locations around a home − living room, bedroom, bathroom, kitchen, and balcony − at different dwellings within a university-housing complex for a one-month period at two time points, once in summer and again in winter. We amplified the bacterial 16S rRNA gene in these samples and analyzed them with high-throughput sequencing. Like fungal OTU-richness, bacterial OTU-richness was higher outdoors then indoors and was invariant across different indoor room types. While fungal composition was structured largely by season and residential unit, bacterial composition varied by residential unit and room type. Bacteria from putative outdoor sources, such as Sphingomonas and Deinococcus, comprised a large percentage of the balcony samples, while human-associated taxa comprised a large percentage of the indoor samples. Abundant outdoor bacterial taxa were also observed indoors, but the reverse was not true; this is unlike fungi, in which the taxa abundant indoors were also well-represented outdoors. Moreover, there was a partial association of bacterial composition and geographic distance, such that samples separated by even a few hundred meters tended have greater compositional differences than samples closer together in space, a pattern also observed for fungi. These data show that while the outdoor source for indoor bacteria and fungi varies in both space and time, humans provide a strong and homogenizing effect on indoor bacterial bioaerosols, a pattern not observed in fungi.
Nucleotide sequence determination of a strong promoter of the colicin E 1 plasmid. Analysis of restriction sites protected by RNA polymerase interactions before and after limited transcription

This paper presents the location and nucleotide sequence of a strong promoter of ColE 1. This promoter is of interest because of its greatly enhanced activity in the supercoiled state of the plasmid DNA (3) and its possible role in the maintenance of the plasmid replicon (4). This strong promoter is located at the restriction endonuclease Hae III f-h site 0.13 map units from the single EcoR 1 site proximal to the origin of DNA replication. The nucleotide sequence of the Hpa II l fragment of ColE 1 which contains this promoter has been determined. Initiation of transcription at this promoter occurred at two positions. Limited transcription by omitting one of the four nucleotide triphosphates allowed transcription to proceed to the fourth (-UTP) and to the twelfth (-CTP) nucleotides respectively. This was used to probe the interaction between RNA polymerase and the ColE 10.13 promoter by means of restriction cutting at the Hae III site at =27 and the Hha I site at +17. RNA polymerase binding alone blocks restriction cutting at the HAE III site but not at the Hha I site. Limited transcrption to the fourth nucleotide resulted in blocking at both sites. Transcription to the twelfth nucleotide resulted in partial cutting at the Hae III site and blocking at the Hha I site.
Hydrophilic Surface Coatings from Acrylic Block Copolymers

A variety of hydrophilic acrylic copolymers have been synthesized and evaluated for their use as hydrophilic surface coatings. The polymers are based on an acrylic backbone onto which oligomeric analogues (degrees of polymerization of 1, 2, or 3) of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have been grafted. The polymers are formed by transesterification of anionically polymerized poly(tert-butyl acrylate). Because acrylic acid groups are introduced during the conversion process, these polymers are actually random copolymers of a PEG−acrylate and acrylic acid. These random copolymers are hydrophilic and water-soluble. Triblock copolymers with these random copolymers as the midblock and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) end blocks have also been synthesized. The hydrophilic polymers corresponding to the midblocks are immiscible with PMMA and have surface energies which are comparable to PMMA. Spun-cast films of the triblock copolymers do not dissolve in water and are quite hydrophilic, as determined by conta...
Peptide-amine interactions in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus: analysis of galanin and neuropeptide Y in relation to feeding.

Abstract The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) has been found to elicit feeding after injection into the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), where it coexists with norepinephrine (NE), a neurotransmitter believed to be important in the control of natural feeding behavior. Using pharmacological tools, this study investigated the possibility that PVN GAL influences food intake via its direct interaction with the noradrenergic system localized in this nucleus. Tests with α-adrenergic receptor blockers demonstrated that GAL-induced feeding, similar to NE-stimulated feeding, depends specifically upon functionalα2-receptor sites. Further, experimentation with the catecholamine synthesis inhibitors,α-methyl-p-tyrosine and Fla-63, suggested that GAL's action also depends upon the release of endogenous NE. This is in contrast to another hypothalamic peptide, neuropeptide Y, which is also a strong stimulant of food intake and coexists with NE in the PVN, Neuropeptide Y remains effective in eliciting feeding in the presence ofα2-receptor antagonists and catecholamine-synthesis inhibitors, suggesting that, unlike GAL, it can act independently of endogenous NE.
Social Movement Size, Organizational Diversity and the Making of Federal Law

During the 1960s and 70s the United States environmental movement experienced dramatic growth in both absolute size and in the diversity of organizational structures and issues represented within the movement. We assess the importance of change in movement size and compositional diversity on two important stages within the legislative process. Findings indicate that U.S. environmental movement size is positively associated with the incidence of Congressional environmental agenda-setting activities, but not the passage of environmental laws. An increased diversity of issue representation within the movement is consistently and positively associated with the incidence of agenda setting and law-passage activity. The growth of EMOs attending simultaneously to both traditional conservation and "new" quality of life issues, in particular, is associated with elevated rates of policy activity.
Supernormal Conduction in the Human Atria

A supernormal period of intra- and interatrial conduction was observed in five patients during premature stimulation of various atrial sites with driving cycle lengths ranging between 500 and 600 msec. Electrograms were recorded with filtered, 1-mm apart, bipolar catheter electrodes placed in the high right atrium, coronary sinus, and midleft atrium. The supernormal period, which lasted from 90 to 140 msec, was located at the end of the relative refractory period. During this part of the cycle, the response 1 -response 2 (R 1 -R 2 ) intervals were shorter than the corresponding St 1 -St 2 intervals. As in experiments performed with plunge electrodes, the conduction time of premature atrial responses was shorter than in late diastolic or driven beats. Although a mechanical origin (due to inevitable catheter movement produced with cardiac motion) can be invoked in the genesis of these changes, it is highly probable that supernormality was a true electrophysiologic event involving, predominantly, the specialized atrial tracts.
Cholesteric Liquid Crystal-Like Structure of the Cuticle of Plusiotis gloriosa

The toroidal but parallel array of planes of unidirectionally oriented molecules believed to characterize cholesteric liquid crystals also gives rise to certain geometrical patterns. The reality of this structure is demonstrated by micrographic evidence.
Using codesign techniques to support analog functionality

With the growth of System on a Chip (SoC), the functionality of analog components must also be considered in the design process. This paper describes some of the design implementation partitioning issues and experiences using analog and digital techniques for embedded systems. To achieve a quick turn around for new embedded system development, a design methodology was extended for analog codesign based on the specify-explore-refine paradigm and system-level design methodology. Many system-level issues were addressed including hardware/software codesign trade-offs.
Detectability as a function of target location: effects of spatial configuration.

Abstract Marked differences in detectability as a function of spatial location, a “detectability gradient,” are observed when subjects are required to detect a briefly exposed target pattern of uncertain location in the presence of a number of nontarget patterns. Target detectability also is inversely related to the number of nontarget patterns which are present in this search paradigm. These previous findings provide strong evidence for a serial process in which increasing probability of error occurs during a scan of a rapidly degrading neural representation of the visual image following a brief exposure to the stimuli. It is not yet established whether this scan is attentional or perceptual in nature. The present experiments test the hypothesis of an attentional scan by presenting the target and nontarget patterns in spatially segregated groups. If the scan is attentional, then target detectability under these circumstances would be expected to exhibit the characteristic phenomenon of “group processing”—a close clustering of detection performance for targets located within a group and large differences in detectability across groups. As no evidence for group processing was observed, the results fail to support the view that the scan is attentional in nature but are fully consistent with a nonattentional scan.
Structural characterization of mouse CD97 and study of its specific interaction with the murine decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55)

CD97 is a newly identified, activation-associated human leucocyte antigen with seven putative transmembrane domains. It has an extended extracellular segment containing several adhesion molecule structure motifs, and has been shown to interact with the human complement regulator, decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55). To understand further the interaction between CD97 and DAF, as well as the structure and function of CD97 in general, we have cloned the mouse CD97 cDNA and studied the encoded protein for its membrane association property and ability to interact specifically with the murine decay-accelerating factor. The full-length mouse CD97 cDNA that we have cloned and characterized encodes a protein that is 60% identical to the three epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain-containing form of human CD97 but does not contain the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif which is present in human CD97. Two other alternatively spliced forms of mouse CD97 were also identified. These forms differ by the number of EGF-like sequence repeats present in the N-terminal region. Northern blot analysis revealed that CD97 is expressed widely in mouse tissues and in resting as well as activated cultured mouse splenocytes. Transient transfection of human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells with the mouse CD97 cDNA in a green-fluorescence protein vector (pEGFP-N1) showed plasma membrane targeting of the expressed protein. Western blot analysis confirmed its membrane association and identified the existence of a processed C-terminal fragment, supporting the notion that CD97 on the cell membrane is composed of post-translationally generated subunits. Adhesion studies demonstrated that normal, but not DAF knockout mouse erythrocytes and splenocytes adhered to mouse CD97-transfected HEK cells. The interaction of CD97 and DAF was found to be species-restrictive in that human erythrocytes were unable to bind to mouse CD97-transfected HEK cells. These results indicate that the general structure, membrane association property and DAF-binding ability of CD97 are conserved and that the adhesive interaction between CD97 and DAF is independent of the RGD motif. The finding that CD97 is distributed widely among various mouse tissues suggests that CD97 may have other roles beyond lymphocyte activation.
Field (direction) dependence of AF magnetism in YBCO vortex states: A MaxEnt-μSR study

Muon-spin-resonance (μSR) data of YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) vortex states are analyzed to determine the field dependence of observed antiferromagnetism (AF). YBCO vortex states are investigated at low magnetic fields. Field distributions are obtained from uSR data using Maximum-Entropy (ME) analysis. Well below Tc, the vortex signal in the magnetic field distribution is best fitted by a Lorentzian, indicating AF in and near the vortex cores. Earlier we reported that the field dependence of the YBCO AF Lorentzian width is approximately linear. ME-uSR analysis of c-axis-oriented YBCO data indicates a field-direction dependence, suggesting three-dimensional AF. The relevance of an AF presence in and near YBCO vortex cores to a potential magnetic origin of cuprate superconductivity is discussed.
SEM and ESCA study of fractured borosilicate glass to Kovar seals

Abstract A borosilicate glass (Corning No. 7052) was bonded to an iron, nickel, cobalt alloy (Kovar ASTM F15 alloy) by firing at 900°C in flowing nitrogen, air or oxygen. The shear strength of the resulting seal was determined using a universal testing machine (Instron) and could be correlated with the oxygen partial pressure of the firing atmosphere. The oxygen-fired samples showed the strongest bonding, yielding an average failure stress of 6.3±0.4 MPa. The samples fired in air or nitrogen exhibited average failure stresses of4.5±0.3 MPa and 3.6±0.4 MPa. The fracture surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine fracture morphology and failure mode. Electron spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) was used to characterize the composition of the fracture surfaces. Surface elemental compositions determined using ESCA were consistent with the failure mechanisms suggested by SEM analysis. Additional Kovar samples were degreased, decarburized, preoxidized and subjected to the same firing schedule and atmospheres as the Kovar-glass seals. ESCA analysis of the fired alloy samples showed the surfaces to be depected in nickel and enriched in cobalt relative to the bulk composition. The extent of cobalt enrichment could be correlated with firing atmosphere.