cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In utero ventilation with oxygen augments left ventricular stroke volume in lambs.

1. In order to determine mechanisms for increased stroke volume at birth, left ventricular function was investigated in eight fetal lambs during in utero pulmonary ventilation. At surgery fetuses were prepared with a tracheal tube, aortic electromagnetic flow sensor, and carotid, jugular, pericardial and left atrial catheters. 2. After 8.3 +/- 1.5 (mean +/- S.D.) post-surgery days and at 137 +/- 3 days gestation, haemodynamic values were obtained before and during pulmonary ventilation in utero. 3. During ventilation, O2 content increased from 7.3 +/- 2.1 to 14.7 +/- 2.7 ml dl-1 (P less than 0.001), right atrial pressure from 3.0 +/- 1.3 to 4.5 +/- 1.6 mmHg (P less than 0.05), left atrial pressure from 2.5 +/- 1.2 to 10.2 +/- 3.7 mmHg (P less than 0.001), left ventricular stroke volume from 1.1 +/- 0.4 to 1.9 +/- 1.2 ml kg-1 (P less than 0.05), and heart rate from 160 +/- 21 to 183 +/- 11 beats min-1 (P less than 0.05). 4. During O2 ventilation, left ventricular function curves relating stroke volume to left atrial pressure were shifted upward. 5. O2 ventilation produced rapid, reversible increases in left ventricular stroke volume which approximate increases in stroke volume at birth.
Introduction: Dedication to James A. Coon

This issue of the Pace Law Review is dedicated to a man and an idea in which he believed. James A. Coon was land use counsel to the Department of State in New York when he died in 1992. For a quarter of a century he served as counsel to several New York State agencies, all involved in some way with providing technical assistance to those interested in the subject of land use law. The selection of articles contained in this symposium captures James Coon's respect for New York's aging legal system, and his certainty that the system is adaptable to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century. These writings originated as speeches, most of which were presented in April, 1993 at a conference on Land Use Law Reform held at Pace University School of Law in White Plains, New York.
High voltage Ni/4H-SiC Schottky rectifiers

In this paper, we report characteristics of 4H-SiC Ni/Al Schottky rectifiers operating at 1.5 to 2.5 kV and terminated using low energy Ar implants. At room temperature, the nickel Schottky diode exhibited a barrier height of 1.7 eV and an ideality factor of 1.07. After annealing, the Schottky diode fabricated on a 20 /spl mu/m thick epilayer had a forward voltage drop of 1.16 V at 100 A/cm/sup 2/, the lowest value ever reported for a 1.6 kV rectifier. A breakdown voltage of >2500 V was measured on diodes fabricated using 40 /spl mu/m epilayers. The measured specific on-resistance of 20 /spl mu/m and 40 /spl mu/m epi diodes was within /spl sim/1.5/spl times/ of the calculated drift region resistance over a 0-200/spl deg/C temperature range.
Walter Eucken: Social Economist

Eucken′s paradigm of a “social market economy” provides a framework for a functional free‐market mechanism, which not only accommodates development and change, but which also assures human dignity and freedom. Eucken places special emphasis on the integration of economics with “order” and “justice”. He holds that an unconstrained laissez‐faire economy does not assure a competitive economy but that it will degenerate into monopolistic practices. Eucken formulates his “structural” and “regulating” principles to facilitate a functionally competitive economy with a compatible social policy, to assure greater efficiency and to reduce poverty.
Shear sensitivity of cultured hybridoma cells (CRL-8018) depends on mode of growth, culture age and metabolite concentration

Abstract Samples of CRL-8018 hybridoma cultures were subjected to well-defined laminar shear in a Couette viscometer. Exposure of the samples to increasing levels of shear stress (0–50 dynes cm−2 for 10 min) or times of exposure to shear (50 dynes cm−2 for 0–10 min) resulted in higher levels of cellular damage and death. Cell death in the viscometer was shown to exhibit trends similar to cell death caused by excessive agitation in spinner flasks, suggesting that viscometric shear can be used to model in a more reproducible way some of the fluid mechanical aspects of damage to cells caused by agitation. Cells cultured with low levels of fluid stresses (T-flask and slowly stirred spinner cultures) were more sensitive to shear than cells from rapidly agitated cultures. Also, cells from either the lag or stationary phases of batch cultures were more sensitive to mechanical damage than exponentially growing cells. Accumulation of ammonia and changes in pH of the batch culture can contribute to this increase in shear sensitivity.
Erythropoietic effects of bilirubin in rats.

SummaryBilirubin was found to increase 59Fe incorporation in red blood cells of fasted rats. A significant increase in 59Fe incorporation in red blood cells of exhypoxic polycythemic mice was also seen following the injection of serum from normal rats treated with bilirubin. This effect was completely blocked by antiserum to erythropoietin, indicating that the effects of bilirubin is erythropoietin dependent. Nephrectomy was also shown to markedly antagonize but not completely block the erythropoietic effects of bilirubin in rats.
MO-F-211-02: Higher Order Diffusion Tensor Metrics in the Evaluation of Traumatic Brain Injury

Purpose: Knowledge of tissue alterations at an early stage following traumatic brain injury (TBI) is critical for injury management and prevention of secondary damage to the brain. In this study we investigate whether diffusion kurtosis imaging is sensitive to the microstructural changes in water diffusion in various grey and white matter regions in a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury rat model at both the acute (2 hours) and the sub‐acute (7 days) stages following injury. Methods: 12 adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were subjected to left parietal CCI injury. Imaging was performed on a 7 Tesla Bruker system using a four channel receive coil. Diffusiontensorimages of the entire brain was obtained at an in‐plane isotropic resolution of 200 microns and a slice thckness of 1mm with diffusionencoding in 30 directions. Images were precessed for fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD) and mean kurtosis (MK). Immunohistochemistry staining for astrocytes using anti‐GFAP was obtained for correlation with imaging findings. Results: Changes in standard diffusiontensor parameters, including FA and MD that normalized by the sub‐acute stage. However, MK was significantly elevated and remained elevated at 7 days in the ipsilateral regions of the hippocampus, cortex and the external capsule. Further, at 7 days abnormal MK was observed in the contralateral regions while no changes were observed with MD and FA. An increase in mean kurtosis was directly associated with increased reactive astrogliosis from immunohistochemistry analysis in the cortex, hippocampus, corpus callosum and the external capsule. Conclusions: This study for the first time provides direct evidence for the ability to detect in vivo via MK, the increased astrocytic activity that leads to microstructural changes. Monitoring changes in MK allows the investigation of molecular and morphological changes in vivo due to reactive astrogliosis and may complement information available from standard DTI parameters.
ψ-correct decision for selection and elimination

The selection oft out ofk populations with parameters θi (i=1, ...,k) is said to result in an ψ-correct decision provided ψ (minimum selected θ)>maximum non-selected θ where ψ(θ) (>θ) is an increasing function. For the cases of location or scale parameters the minimum probability of ψ-correct decision over the entire parameter space is shown to be no less than the minimum probability of correct selection over a preference zone determined by ψ(θ). For other types of parameters this result is shown to be true under certain conditions linking the distribution function and the ψ function.
Excitatory interaction between glutamate receptors and protein kinases

One of the most active areas of neurobiology research concerns mechanisms involved in paradigms of synaptic plasticity. A popular model for cellular learning and memory is long term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampus. LTP requires postsynaptic influx of Ca2+ which triggers multiple biochemical pathways resulting in pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms enhancing long term synaptic efficiency. This article focuses on an acute postsynaptic mechanism that can enhance responsiveness of glutamate receptors. Evidence is presented that calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, the major postsynaptic density protein at excitatory glutaminergic synapses, can phosphorylate glutamate receptors and enhance ion current flowing through them.
Molecular pathology of melanocytic tumors

Genetic and genomic analyses of melanocytic tumors have yielded new opportunities for improvements in diagnostic accuracy for the distinction of nevus from melanoma and better selection of patients affected by melanoma for targeted treatment. Since chromosomal copy number changes are commonly found in malignant melanoma, but rare in melanocytic nevi, cytogenetic assays have emerged as a promising ancillary study for the workup of melanocytic tumors with ambiguous light microscopic features. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) permits assessment of the full set of chromosomes, but requires a significant amount of lesional tissue, and may fail to detect aberrations in a minor subpopulation of tumor cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the cytogenetic assay of choice for limited amounts of tissue. FISH targets only specific chromosomes, with inherent limitations in test sensitivity and specificity. FISH analysis is also heavily dependent on individual experience. Molecular studies have identified distinct sets of mutations in melanoma and/or nevi. These mutations have become clinically relevant for targeted therapy of patients with advanced disease, especially for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma carrying the BRAF(V600) or KIT mutations. However, mutation analysis can on occasion also be used for diagnostic purposes.
Localized flow and heat transfer interactions in louvered-fin arrays

A detailed study of flow, heat transfer, and pressure drop for louvered fins is presented. Louver-by-louver mass transfer data are acquired for Reynolds numbers from 130 to 1400. Pressure-drop data are obtained using a low-speed wind tunnel and local flow structures are visualized using dye injection in a water tunnel. Particular attention is placed on the role of vortex shedding in heat transfer enhancement. In contrast to recent studies for similar offset-strip arrays, vortex shedding is found to have less impact in louvered-fin arrays. Several practical implications for heat exchanger design and analysis are discussed.
Enhancement of Schwann cell myelin formation by K252a in the Trembler-J mouse dorsal root ganglion explant culture.

The Trembler-J (TrJ) mouse, containing a point mutation in the peripheral myelin protein 22 gene, is characterized by severe hypomyelination and is a representative model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1A disease/Dejerine-Sottas Syndrome. Previous studies have shown that protein kinase inhibitor K252a enhances wild-type Schwann cell myelination in culture. We used a dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explant culture system from the heterozygous TrJ/+ mouse to investigate if myelination could be enhanced by K252a. The TrJ/+ DRG explant cultures replicated some important features of the TrJ/+ mouse, showing reduced myelin protein accumulation, thinner myelin sheaths, and shortened myelin internodes. K252a increased myelin protein accumulation and myelin sheath thickness but did not substantially increase myelin internode length. Furthermore, the TrJ/+ DRG explant culture and sciatic nerves continued to respond to K252a during the stage when myelination is complete in the wild type. A general tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein, but not inhibitors of serine/threonine protein kinase inhibitors, had a similar effect to K252a. K252a is therefore able to partially overcome hypomyelination by enhancing mutant Schwann cell myelin formation in the TrJ/+ mouse. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Racial/Ethnic Diversity and Academic Quality as Components of School Choice

A common critique of school choice is that it will have the practical effect of further increasing racial and ethnic segregation in American education. Although most survey evidence indicates that the highest priority of parents in choosing schools is academic quality, with the race and ethnic composition of the student body being much less important, many critics doubt that private preferences are being publicly revealed. In this paper, we use an experimental design embedded in a survey to obtain an alternative measure of educational quality and racial diversity as considerations for household school choice. While both academic quality and race/ethnic diversity had an effect on preferences, academic quality was a more important predictor. We then examined the relationship between preference and actual choice outcomes. Race-related opinions were nonpredictive of outcomes, but a stress on high test scores by parents predicted school choice among students who are not “at risk.”
Biochemical Control and Toxicity after Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has achieved widespread use for prostate cancer; however, in relation to this use, outcomes studies are still relatively sparse. We report a single-inst...
Reasoning With Case Studies: Issues Of An Aging Workforce

Abstract Case studies are an ideal research approach to generate in-depth and contextualized data. Many specific data collection approaches can be incorporated to gather data through a case study, but the information so gathered is interpreted in terms of a single case. When a set of case studies is conducted on a particular research theme, the question arises as to what kinds of inferences can be made with a small number of cases. Problems of inference are increased when the cases have been selected opportunistically or haphazardly and when the universe of all potential cases cannot readily be defined. Charles Ragin has distinguished between the logic of multivariate analysis and the logic of comparative case analysis. Drawing on this distinction, this article will describe the ways in which inferences can be drawn, and the nature of such inferences, from a multiple case study approach. Reasoning from multiple case studies is an inductive process that uses comparisons to generate hypotheses and to provide limited tests through the principle of falsification. This approach was used in developing a synthesizing report based on seven large case studies from the project, “Issues of an Aging Workforce.” Five Canadian and two American case studies were conducted in corporate settings in different economic sectors. The case studies used qualitative methods (focus groups and key informant interviews) and survey data from employees and managers. Thus, the logic of multivariate analysis was used, along with inductive reasoning with qualitative data, within cases, and a logic of comparative case analysis when seeking to make and test generalizations based on the set of seven cases.
Alternative gene for biotin sulfoxide reduction in Escherichia coli K-12.

A gene at 42 min on theEscherichia coli chromosome, identified as the locus of pseudoreversion of knockout mutations in the biotin sulfoxide reductase gene,bisC, has 64% base sequence identity withbisC. This makes it a member of a multigene family of molybdopterin enzymes that includes genes for anaerobic reduction of trimethylamine oxide (torA) and dimethylsulfoxide (dmsA). Disruption of this gene eliminates the background activity of biotin sulfoxide reduction observed inbisC mutants. Sequence comparison of the new gene (bisZ) withbisC indicates that certaints mutants ofbisC arise by gene conversion between the two loci.
Intraphagosomal oxygen in stimulated macrophages.

A new electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-based method was developed to obtain selective information on pO2 in a specific intracellular compartment (phagosomes). This method did not require the use of a broadening agent thereby eliminating one of the potential sources of experimental error with EPR oximetry. An oxygen-sensitive probe (4-(Trimethylammonium) 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-d17-1-oxyl iodide (d-Cat1)) which has a net positive charge, was incorporated selectively into the phagosomes of macrophages stimulated with zymosan. Extracellular oxygen was measured by addition of a neutral nitroxide (4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-d16-1-oxyl (15N PDT)) to this same sample. Measurements based on EPR linewidths showed the average intraphagosomal oxygen concentration to be 11.2 ± 3.4 μM lower than that measured from the extracellular compartment when the sample was perfused with air, and this was increased on stimulation of mitochondrial consumption or by increasing the oxygen concentration in the extracellular compartment. These experiments provide what we believe to be the first reported measurements of the oxygen concentration in a specific intracellular location (intraphagosomal) and its comparison with the oxygen concentration in the extracellular space. The observed gradient cannot be explained in terms of known coefficients of diffusion, and these results are consistent with previous reports that a gradient in oxygen concentration can occur between the average intracellular and extracellular concentration of oxygen. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
NATIONALISM AND REGIONALISM IN THE POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION OF CAPE BRETON WHITES AND INDIANS

(1975). NATIONALISM AND REGIONALISM IN THE POLITICAL SOCIALIZATION OF CAPE BRETON WHITES AND INDIANS. American Review of Canadian Studies: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 66-97.
Weakly viewing lattice points

A specific rectangular array of lattice points is investigated. We say that the array is weakly visible from a lattice point not in the array if no point in the array lies on the line connecting the external point to any other point in the array. A lower bound is found for the distance from a weakly viewing point to the array, and a point of minimal distance is determined for arrays of a specific size. A secondary type of visibility is also discussed, and a closest point viewing the array in this style is completely determined. Laison and Schick [2007] describe the situation of a photographer attempting to photograph every person in a rectangular formation, with all persons, including the photographer, standing on lattice points. The photos must be taken from a fixed position and each member of the formation must have a straight-line view of the photographer, unobstructed by all other persons in the rectangle. They prove that there are positions for the photographer to stand, but these may be quite a long way from the formation. How can we minimize this distance? The problem is turned into one involving lattice points in the plane (the persons to be photographed forming the rectangle), and such an unobstructed view between two points is termed weak visibility. Utilizing a result from [Herzog and Stewart 1971], Laison and Schick proceed to investigate a more complicated question: assume the lattice points outside the formation also form obstructions. They term this situation being externally visible. In this paper we only consider the simpler question of weak visibility. We begin in Section 2 with the necessary terminology and preliminary results. In Section 3 we prove our main results. Section 4 considers a more specific type of visibility which we call weak integer visibility. Lastly, natural questions for future research are provided in Section 5.
Error-resilient live video multicast using low-rate visual quality feedback

Effective adaptive streaming systems need informative feedback that supports selection of appropriate actions. Packet level timing and reception statistics are already widely reported in feedback. In this paper, we introduce a method to produce low bit-rate visual quality feedback and evaluate its effectiveness in controlling errors in live video multicast. The visual quality feedback is a digest of picture content, and allows localized comparison in time and space on a continuous basis. This conveniently allows detection and localization of significant errors that may have originated from earlier irrecoverable losses, a task that is typically challenging with packet level feedback only. Our visual quality feedback has low bit overhead, at about 1% for high-definition video encoded at typical rates. For live video multicast with 10 clients, our experimental results show that the added ability to detect and correct large drift errors significantly reduces the resulting visual quality fluctuations.
Orbital myositis following streptococcal pharyngitis in a pediatric patient.

Background Orbital myositis is a relatively rare ocular inflammatory disease. It is currently classified as an idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease, but has been associated with ocular and systemic disorders, including scleritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and systemic lupus erythematosis. Orbital myositis has also been associated with infectious disease such as streptococcal pharyngitis, viral upper respiratory infection, and Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Case Report and Discussion This report documents treatment and imaging of a 13-year-old boy who had an episode of right-sided orbital myositis following streptococcal pharyngitis with anti-streptolysin-o (ASO) titer elevation to 1,188 IU/ml. Clinically, this patient demonstrated acute onset of marked restriction and mild under-action of the lateral rectus muscle of the right eye. Thickening of the lateral and medial recti was demonstrated on computed tomography. The mild orbital myositis was treated with oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. The nonconcomitant strabismus resolved approximately 7 weeks after initial presentation. General orbital inflammatory disease management and the association of upper respiratory tract infection with orbital myositis are discussed. Conclusion Orbital myositis is a distinct clinical entity that can occur after streptococcal upper respiratory infection, consisting of pain on ocular movement, localized swelling, restrictive strabismus, and inflammatory signs of the involved muscle(s).
Intrauterine Treatment of Fetal Tachycardia

The presence of sustained tachycardia in a fetus can result in congestive heart failure, hydrops, and eventual fetal death. With the increased use of advanced technology in routine obstetric practice, fetal tachycardias are being diagnosed with greater frequency. Recently, administration of antiarrhythmic medications to the mother has been successful in slowing the fetal heart rate and preventing or reversing potentially lethal complications in the fetus. The medications that have been used to treat fetal tachycardia and their potential effects on the mother are discussed. A case study and nursing protocol are presented.
Wire failure prediction for a rotary beam fatigue tester

Abstract Objective This work investigates methods for predicting imminent wire failure during fatigue testing. Methods Sensors that measure changes in vibration, displacement, and infrared signatures were explored, and in-situ video recording was studied for its ability to capture changes in the shape of the wire. Results Video recording appears to be the most promising of the methods investigated. Conclusion It has promise for both single and multi-strand configurations. Practice Further investigations could include image/video processing. Implications Could be used to determine if the number of fatigue cycles to complete fracture is an accurate measure of the fatigue life of multi-stranded wire.
Accuracy of ICD-9-CM codes in identifying reportable communicable diseases.

Billing records from the outpatient clinics of a uni versity medical center were used to identify report able communicable diseases. Patient charts were re viewed to check the accuracy of all cases of commu nicable diseases not reported to the local health department. Thirty-three percent of the cases iden tified as one of 20 communicable diseases, using the ICD-9-CM system, were found to be incorrectly coded. This study documents a lack of specificity (nu merous false positives) when using encounter form data and ICD-9-CM codes to identify communicable diseases in an outpatient setting.
Syntactic and Vocabulary Development in the Written Language of Learning Disabled and Non-Learning Disabled Students at Four Age Levels

Learning disabled students demonstrate serious problems in developing written language facility. Although written expression is one of seven aspects of achievement specified in the federal guidelines for identification of learning disabled students, measurement of written language development is quite complex. The search for a single, sensitive index of written language development is compounded by the synergistic nature of written language and the influence of contrived formats used in assessment. Syntax and vocabulary are frequently employed in research on written language development. Thus, the minimal terminable unit (T-unit) and the type/token ratio have been used as indices of syntactic and vocabulary development in analyzing samples of students' written language. Recently, computer technology has permitted the use of more complex measures of syntactic density and vocabulary intensity. The purpose of this study was to compare the written language development of learning disabled and non-learning dis...
Comparison of the Tissue Response to 3 Distinct Polypropylene Prolapse Meshes in a Primate vs Rodent Model

Each year, an estimated 225,000–280,000 women undergo surgery for repair of pelvic floor disorders in the United States, with many involving placement of a synthetic polypropylene (PP) mesh designed to restore direct support to the vagina and hence indirect support to the pelvic organs (1). In spite of high anatomical success rates, the use of synthetic meshes has been hampered by mesh related complications causing significant patient morbidity (2) and prompting two recent FDA warnings against the use of mesh (3). Thus, as the concern about the use of mesh increases, there is an urgent need to define the impact of mesh on host tissue and to understand how different material properties of the mesh may direct the host response.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Ocean circulation variations associated with the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave

Altimeter data analysis indicates persistent sea surface height (SSH) anomalies propagating eastward about the Antarctic continent. The spatial and temporal characteristics match variations in the atmosphere and sea surface temperature (SST) that are associated with the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW). During the observation time period, the SSH appears quasiperiodic with a dominant 4 year period and 180° longitude wavelength. Thus, the SSH signature of the ACW appears as two anomalies on opposite sides of the Antarctic continent propagating eastward at 10 cm/s. The SSH response to observed wind forcing agrees in terms of amplitude and phase with simple quasigeostrophic dynamics.
Primary systemic amyloidosis

Abstract Two cases of primary systemic amyloidosis are presented. These bring the total number now in the literature to forty-eight. The disease affects middle aged or elderly individuals, begins insidiously and is slowly progressive. It is characterized chiefly by congestive heart failure, macroglossia, asthenia and weight loss. The Congo red test is often negative and biopsy is the best means for establishing the diagnosis. The amyloid deposits have atypical staining properties and exhibit a striking affinity for muscle tissue: smooth, striated and cardiac. The heart, tongue, gastrointestinal tract musculature, skeletal muscles and the media of small arteries everywhere are most conspicuously affected. Amyloid in multiple myeloma and primary amyloid are much alike in organ distribution, age incidence and tinctorial irregularity.
Development of glucosidase agar for the confirmation of water-borne Enterococcus.

Abstract Analysis of 56 river water samples by the Enterolert® defined substrate technique, and standard m-Enterococcus agar isolation followed by confirmation, indicated that after 24 h incubation, Enterolert® significantly underestimated the true numbers of enterococci. Extending Enterolert® incubation to 36 h improved detection but also revealed false positives. These findings prompted the development of a novel confirmation medium we have termed glucosidase agar, which was prepared by dissolving Enterolert® substrate in 2% (w/v) bacteriological agar. Analysis of 1043 colonies arising on m-Enterococcus agar from 280 freshwater, marine and sewage effluent samples, demonstrated that a 2–4 h incubation on glucosidase agar was a rapid and accurate means of confirming presumptive enterococci, when compared to standard confirmation procedures that take 48 h. The combination of primary isolation on m-Enterococcus agar followed by confirmation on glucosidase agar permits maximum recovery of Enterococcus whilst effectively eliminating false positives/negatives and provides a reliable alternative use of the Enterolert® defined substrate technology.
The RSA algorithm (abstract only)

My project is a brief introduction for the RSA Algortim. This project will include a very brief history of where RSA originated, as well as how the RSA algorthim works. Following this, the mathematical proof of RSA is presented along with the two necessary theorems needed to prove RSA. The final portion of my presentation includes some of the potential threats to RSA and how to prevent these attacks, including a chart of the strength of RSA based on time required to crack RSA in MIPS-Years where the only factor is the size of the key.
Private broadcasting with probing constraint

We consider a three-receiver wiretap channel in which the transmitter aims to send a common message to legitimate receivers 1 and 2 while keeping it secret from the receiver 3 (eavesdropper). The transmitter takes cost constrained actions to probe the transmitter-to-receiver 1 and transmitter-to-receiver 2 channels. Under the probing cost constraint, we provide a lower bound to the secrecy capacity of this setting. The achievability strategy employs a block Markov coding strategy in which the channel state sequence of the previous block is mapped to a key which secures the part of the confidential message to be transmitted in the current block. The challenge in using the state sequence as a source of the key is the fact that the legitimate receivers are not aware of each other's channel state. To that end, we employ a novel strategy in which the transmitter takes XOR of individual keys generated from the state sequences of transmitter-to receiver 1 and transmitter-to-receiver 2 channels and send the XOR-ed key along with the confidential message. We furthermore analyze the trade-off between the achievable secrecy rate and the probing cost constraint. We conclude that there is a linear dependency between the key rate and probing cost constraint.
Dynamics of the alcohol-induced fluorescence of quinoline☆

Abstract Kinetics of structured ultraviolet and violet fluorescence of quinoline (1-azanaphthalene) in various low temperature alcoholic glasses are reported. The lifetime of the structured ultraviolet fluorescence is (2.2 ± 0.2) ns in both concentrated and dilute alcoholic glasses. This band is assigned to quinoline molecules surrounded by several polar solvent molecules. The non-exponential decay rate of the violet fluorescence observed for hydrocarbon glasses with small amounts of alcohols is identical with the decay of quinolinium chloride and is assigned to 1:1 quinoline-alcohol complexes.
Highly Reflective and Surface Conductive Silver-Polyimide Films Fabricated Via Reduction of Silver(I) in a Thermally Curing Poly(Amic Acid) Matrix

Highly reflective and surface conductive silvered polyimide films have been prepared by the incorporation of the (1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedionato)silver(I) complex into a dimethylacetamide solution of the poly(amic acid) formed from 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BTDA) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA). Thermal curing of the silver(I)- containing poly(amic acid) films leads to cycloimidization with concomitant silver(I) reduction yielding a reflective and conductive silvered film surface.
Inhibition of insect juvenile hormone esterase by α,β-unsaturated and α-acetylenic trifluoromethyl ketones

Abstract A series of β,β-disubstituted-α,β-unsaturated and β-substituted-α-acetylenic fluoroketones have been prepared and assayed as inhibitors of insect juvenile hormone esterase from the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The most potent inhibitors of each series, 4-methyl-1,1,1-trifluorododec-3-en-2-one 3 and 1,1,1-trifluorododec-3-yn-2-one 15, were also assayed as in vivo inhibitors of juvenile hormone esterase. None of the new compounds assayed were more effective inhibitors than structurally analogous α-thioalkyl substituted trifluoropropanones. The acetylenic series were uniformly more potent inhibitors than the unsaturated series of fluoroketones. The difluoroketone derivatives of the most potent inhibitors were markedly less active. This study clearly reveals that the S atom of α-thioalkyl substituted fluoroketone inhibitors has a more complex function than simply mimicking the site of unsaturation in the natural substrate.
Some effects of type of auditory CS on self-punitive running in rats

Self-punitive behavior was demonstrated in prepunishment speeds during extinction following shock escape training in a straight runway under buzzer-CS and tone-CS conditions. Relative to the tone, the buzzer enhanced punished running (shock in the last half of the runway) and nonpunished running. These results extend the findings of Myers (1962), who reported better avoidance conditioning with a buzzer than with a tone. Self-punitive behavior, defined as the difference between punishment conditions with faster running under punishment conditions, was not significantly enhanced by the buzzer. These results do not support the suggestion (Delude, 1973) that self-punitive behavior may be uniquely affected by the use of a buzzer CS.
Atlantoaxial instability associated with an orthotopic os odontoideum: a multimodality imaging assessment

Radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging exams of the cervical spine were performed in a 29-year-old man who was ultimately diagnosed with an orthotopic os odontoideum during admission for injuries sustained in a motor vehicle collision. Initial radiography suggested either os odontoideum or an acute fracture of the dens. Further imaging with CT and flexion and extension radiographs confirmed os odontoideum and excluded a dens fracture. Although rare, os odontoideum is an important cervical spine anomaly to consider and to distinguish from an acute fracture of the dens.
Effect of Nitrogen Dioxide on Respiratory Viral Infection in Airway Epithelial Cells

Nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)) is a common air pollutant outdoors and indoors in homes with unvented combustion sources. It is also a constituent of tobacco smoke. Epidemiological studies suggest that children exposed to NO(2), or living with smoking parents, have an increased incidence of respiratory viral infections. The most common virus causing severe respiratory symptoms in infants and young children is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In the present study we investigated whether NO(2) exposure affects RSV infection in airway epithelial cells, the host cells for viral replication and virus-induced cytokine production. Cultures of the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B exposed to 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm NO(2) for 60 min were infected with RSV. Viral replication, as well as RSV-induced interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, was assessed at various times postinfection. The NO(2) doses used were not toxic to the BEAS-2B cells as measured by release of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). The internalization of RSV was increased by exposure to 0.5 ppm NO(2) and decreased by exposure to 1.5 ppm NO(2). On the other hand, the release of infectious virus 48 h postexposure was not affected by the two lower doses of NO(2), but was significantly reduced in cells exposed to 1.5 ppm NO(2). Virus-induced cytokine production was also significantly reduced in cells exposed to 1.5 ppm NO(2), and not affected by 0.5 and 1.0 ppm. It is likely that the decrease in cytokine production is related to the decrease in viral burden. These data suggest that possible increases in viral clinical symptoms associated with NO(2) may not be caused by increased susceptibility of the epithelial cells to infection but may result from effects of NO(2) on host defenses that prevent the spread of virus.
Hemostasis in burn surgery—A review

Over the past 30 years, techniques of early excision and grafting along with enhancement of critical care have significantly improved survival following burn injury. Despite these advancements, large volume blood loss associated with surgical intervention continues to be a challenging aspect of burn surgery. This review article will examine the methods of limiting blood loss during surgical procedures.
Genomic organization, complete sequence, and chromosomal location of the gene for human eotaxin (SCYA11), an eosinophil-specific CC chemokine

Eotaxin is a CC chemokine that is a specific chemoattractant for eosinophils and is implicated in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma. We describe the genomic organization, complete sequence, including 1354 bp 5' of the RNA initiation site, and chromosomal localization of the human eotaxin gene. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis localized eotaxin to human chromosome 17, in the region q21.1-q21.2, and the human gene name SCYA11 was assigned. We also present the 5' flanking sequence of the mouse eotaxin gene and have identified several regulatory elements that are conserved between the murine and the human promoters. In particular, the presence of elements such as NF-kappa B, interferon-gamma response element, and glucocorticoid response element may explain the observed regulation of the eotaxin gene by cytokines and glucocorticoids.
On unidirectional flight of a free flapping wing

We study the dynamics of a rigid, symmetric wing that is flapped vertically in a fluid. The motion of the wing in the horizontal direction is not constrained. Above a critical flapping frequency, forward flight arises as the wing accelerates to a terminal state of constant speed. We describe a number of measurements which supplement our previous work. These include (a) a study of the initial transition to forward flight near the onset of the instability, (b) the separate effects of flapping amplitude and frequency, (c) the effect of wing thickness, (d) the effect of asymmetry of the wing planform, and (e) the response of the wing to an added resistance. Our results emphasize the robustness of the mechanisms determining the forward-flight speed as observed in our previous study.
The Effect of Adsorbed Water on Compaction Properties and the Dissolution of Quinacrine Hydrochloride from Compacted Matrices of Soy Protein

Albuminoid proteins are a byproduct of soya bean processing and are widely employed as inexpensive food additives. Native (undenatured) commercial soy protein has been evaluated in this preliminary study as a tablet excipient since it is readily compressed and has considerable potential as a non-toxic tablet matrix. In addition, it provides an inexpensive model of albuminoid proteins obtained from other natural sources such as serum of various species.Gravimetric measurement of water adsorption demonstrated the capacity of soy protein to equilibrate at various water concentrations when exposed to different relative humidities over a range of 15–80% R. H.Mixtures (1:4) of Quinacrine dihydrochloride and soy protein powders were exposed to various relative humidities and compressed into matrices under standardized conditions over a range of pressures from 60 to 230 MPa.The protein compacts were directly affected by the initial water level of the powder, being stronger and more readily compressed with increas...
Measurement of the thermal diffusivity and speed of sound of hydrothermal solutions via the laser-induced grating technique

Hydrothermal processing is being developed as a method for organic destruction for the Hanford Site in Washington. Hydrothermal processing refers to the redox reactions of chemical compounds in supercritical or near-supercritical aqueous solutions. In order to design reactors for the hydrothermal treatment of complicated mixtures found in the Hanford wastes, engineers need to know the thermophysical properties of the solutions under hydrothermal conditions. The author used the laser-induced grating technique to measure the thermal diffusivity and speed of sound of hydrothermal solutions. In this non-invasive optical technique, a transient grating is produced in the hydrothermal solution by optical absorption from two crossed time-coincident nanosecond laser pulses. The grating is probed by measuring the diffraction efficiency of a third laser beam. The grating relaxes via thermal diffusion, and the thermal diffusivity can be determined by measuring the decay of the grating diffraction efficiency as a function of the pump-probe delay time. In addition, intense pump pulses produce counterpropagating acoustic waves that appear as large undulations in the transient grating decay spectrum. The speed of sound in the sample is simply the grating fringe spacing divided by the undulation period. The cell is made from a commercial high pressure fitting and ismore » equipped with two diamond windows for optical access. Results are presented for dilute dye/water solutions with T = 400 C and pressures between 20 and 70 MPa.« less
Crystal structure and compositional variation of Angra dos Reis fassaite

The crystal structure of fassaite from the Angra dos Reis meteorite has been determined by least-squares refinement of three-dimensional X-ray data to anR value of 3.3%. The pyroxene is monoclinic, space groupC2/c, with unit-cell dimensionsa = 9.738(1),b = 8.874(2),c = 5.2827(5)A, β = 105.89(1)°, andV = 439.1(1)A3. Average bond lengths are (Si,Al)-O = 1.651, M1-O = 2.061, and M2-O = 2.489A. The distribution of iron and magnesium between M1 and M2 suggests a temperature of equilibration greater than 1000°C. Electron microprobe analysis of several fassaite grains reveals small but statistically significant variations of (Mg + Si) versus (Al - Ti). The range of fassaite composition may be represented byEn3Hd22TiCpx6(Di53±2CaTs16∓2) whereEn=Mg2Si2O6,Hd=CaFeSi2O6,TiCpx=CaTiAl2O6,Di=CaMgSi2O6,CaTs=CaAl2SiO6. Most fassaite analyses calculated on the basis of four cations yielded greater than six anions, suggesting that part of the titanium or chromium might be reduced to Ti3+ or Cr2+.
I. The 64-kbit RAM: A prelude to VLSI

The 64-kbit dynamic random-access memory may signal the end of the MOS transistor era. Established process technology and manufacturing techniques will no longer do; the new RAM demands a quantum jump beyond them. It is a prelude to very large-scale integration (VLSI), or the placing of more than 100 000 logic gates on a single chip.
The Effect of Cadmium on Electron and Energy Transfer Reactions in Corn Mitochondria

The effects of cadmium on isolated corn shoot mitochondria were determined. In the absence of phosphate cadmium stimulated the oxidation of exogenous NADH optimally at 0.025 mM, but was inhibitory at 0.1 mM and above. The presence of phosphate negated the cadmium stimulation of exogenous NADH oxidation and permitted inhibitions only at higher cadmium concentrations. Succinate or malate + pyruvate oxidation in the absence of phosphate was inhibited to a greater extent by cadmium than when phosphate was present. ADP/O and respiratory control ratios were reduced by cadmium but generally were less sensitive to cadmium than state 4 or minus phosphate respiration. The data suggest that the site of cadmium effect is likely to be early in electron transport. Cadmium had a pronounced effect on mitochondrial swelling under either passive or active conditions. When succinate or exogenous NADH were being oxidized swelling occurred at 0.05 mM cadmium, but with malate + pyruvate the cadmium concentration had to exceed 1.0 mM. Phosphate (2 mM) prevented the swelling. Dithiothreitol, a SH group protector, prevented any effect of cadmium on swelling or respiration which suggests that sulfhydryl groups are likely involved in the cadmium-membrane interaction.
ACCLIMATION TO CAPTIVITY: A QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATE BASED ON SURVIVAL OF BOTTLENOSE DOLPHINS AND CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS

An estimate of how long marine mammals need to acclimate to captivity would permit more precise comparisons of husbandry practices, yet no quantitative analysis of acclimation has been performed. Therefore, we estimated the duration of acclimation to captivity for bottlenose dolphins (BD) and California sea lions (CSL) by comparing 5-d survival rates during the first 90 d of captivity with a survival rate based on days 91-365 in captivity. Wild-born BD (n = 1,270) and CSL (n = 1,650) acclimate to captivity in approximately 35 and 40 d, respectively, whereas captive born BD (n = 332) and CSL (n = 992) acclimate in approximately 50 and 40 d, respectively. When transferred between two institutions, BD (n = 911) acclimated in the same amount of time (45 d) as when first transferred from the wild, whereas transferred CSL (n = 336) acclimated more rapidly (15 VJ. 40 d) than when first transferred from the wild. Based on results from these two species, a 60-d acclimation period is recognized as a distinct interval of relatively high mortality that should be treated separately from long-term survival estimates when evaluating husbandry practices of ocean-aria and zoos.
On the distribution schemes for determining flows through a merge

Abstract In this paper, we study various distribution schemes for determining flows through a merge in the supply–demand framework. Upon a thorough analysis of existing schemes, we propose a simple distribution scheme that satisfies the “fairness” condition, in which the flow from an upstream link is proportional to its traffic demand. We demonstrate that this scheme can capture major characteristics of a merge, such as differences in link capacities and the control of an on-ramp link. Moreover, this scheme leads to a merge model that is computationally efficient and easy to calibrate. Wave solutions of a general Riemann problem will be of interest in future studies.
Dynamical coupled channel calculation of pion and omega meson production

The dynamical coupled-channels approach developed at the Excited Baryon Analysis Center is extended to include the $\ensuremath{\omega}N$ channel to study \ensuremath{\pi}- and \ensuremath{\omega}-meson production induced by scattering pions and photons from the proton. Six intermediate channels, including $\ensuremath{\pi}N$, $\ensuremath{\eta}N$, $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\Delta}$, $\ensuremath{\sigma}N$, $\ensuremath{\rho}N$, and $\ensuremath{\omega}N$, are employed to describe unpolarized and polarized data. Bare parameters in an effective hadronic Lagrangian are determined in a fit to the data for $\ensuremath{\pi}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}N$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}N$, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}n$, and $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}p$ reactions at center-of-mass energies from threshold to $Wl2.0$ GeV. The $T$ matrix determined in these fits is used to calculate the photon beam asymmetry for \ensuremath{\omega}-meson production and the $\ensuremath{\omega}N\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\omega}N$ total cross section and $\ensuremath{\omega}N$-scattering lengths. The calculated beam asymmetry is in good agreement with the observed in the range of energies near threshold to $W\ensuremath{\lesssim}2.0$ GeV.