cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hepatic lipase facilitates the selective uptake of cholesteryl esters from remnant lipoproteins in apoE-deficient mice

We have investigated the role of hepatic lipase (HL) in remnant lipoprotein metabolism independent of lip- olysis by using recombinant adenovirus to express native and catalytically inactive HL (HL-145G) in apolipoprotein (apo)E-deficient mice characterized by increased plasma concentrations of apoB-48-containing remnants. In the absence of apoE, the mechanisms by which apoB-48-con- taining remnants are taken up by either low density lipopro- tein (LDL)-receptor or LDL-receptor-related protein (LRP) remain unclear. Overexpression of either native or catalyti- cally inactive HL in apoE-deficient mice led to similar re- ductions ( P. 0.5) in the plasma concentrations of choles- terol (41% and 53%) and non high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (41% and 56%) indicating that even in the absence of lipolysis, HL can partially compensate for the absence of apoE in this animal model. Although the clearance of ( 3 H)cholesteryl ether from VLDL was signifi- cantly increased (approximately 2-fold; P , 0.02) in mice expressing native or inactive HL compared to luciferase controls, the fractional catabolic rates (FCR) of ( 125 I-labeled) apoB- very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in all three groups of mice were similar ( P. 0.4, all) indicating selec- tive cholesterol uptake. Hepatic uptake of ( 3 H)cholesteryl ether from VLDL was greater in mice expressing either na- tive HL (87%) or inactive HL-145G (72%) compared to lu- ciferase controls (56%). Our combined findings are consis- tent with a role for HL in mediating the selective uptake of cholesterol from remnant lipoproteins in apoE-deficient mice, independent of lipolysis. These studies support the concept that hepatic lipase (HL) may serve as a ligand that mediates the interaction between remnant lipoproteins and cell surface receptors and/or proteoglycans. We hypothe- size that one of these pathways may involve the interaction of HL with cell surface receptors, such as scavenger recep- tor (SR)-BI, that mediate the selective uptake of cholesteryl esters.— Amar, M. J. A., K. A. Dugi, C. C. Haudenschild, R. D. Shamburek, B. Foger, M. Chase, A. Bensadoun, R. F. Hoyt, Jr., H. B. Brewer, Jr., and S. Santamarina-Fojo. Hepatic lipase facilitates the selective uptake of cholesteryl esters from remnant lipoproteins in apoE-deficient mice. J. Lipid Res. 1998. 39: 2436-2442.
Complex predicates and conversion principles

Evaluation du comportement des predicats complexes et des principes de conversion, dans le contexte de la logique libre, de la logique modale et de la logique temporelle, d'une part, et dans le contexte des langages comprenant des termes vagues, des croyances et des obligations, d'autre part. Examinant l'argument de G. Evans contre l'identite vague, l'A. montre que seules les versions des principes de conversion comprenant les principes de designation sont valides du point de vue d'une morale des termes signuliers et des predicats
Study of Interaction of Dilute or Dense Cloud of Inert and/or Reactive Particles with Cellular Detonation Structures

Interaction of a cloud of inert and/or reactive particles with cellular detonation structures in stoichiometric ethylene-oxygen mixtures diluted with argon is simulated and studied. The analysis is done in both two and three dimensions, and both dilute and dense regimes of two phase flows are examined. The initial solid phase volume fraction and the length of the cloud are varied, and the effect on the detonation velocity and the detonation front are investigated. The effect of continuous particle injection into the detonation is analyzed. As the initial particle volume fraction and particle cloud length is increased the detonation suppression is increased. The variations in the reactivity of the reactive particle clouds in two and three dimensions are similar. The average gas phase volume fraction increases initially due to compression by the detonation front and decreases later due to dispersion. The effect of the detonation structures and the detonation front on the dispersion of particle clouds downstream of the front is analyzed. The average volume fraction is effected due to differences in particle dispersion between two and three dimensional cases.
Abstract 1521: Hypoxia inducible factor is an important regulator of metastatic niche formation

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL An increasing number of studies have reported that primary tumors facilitate metastasis by directing bone marrow cells (BMC) to prime metastatic sites. Intratumoral hypoxia promotes metastasis through the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF1α and HIF2α), which upregulate a variety of genes crucial to cancer progression. It has been recently reported that hypoxic tumors induce lysyl oxidase (LOX), an amine oxidase that cross-links collagen and elastin in extracellular matrices, which is fundamental to metastatic niche formation. There are 4 other highly conserved members of the LOX family: lysyl oxidase like 1-4 (LOXL1-4). We found that different LOX members were induced by hypoxia in different human breast cancer cell lines, consistent with the unique expression pattern of LOX members in individual breast cancer patients. LOX and LOXL4 were markedly upregulated by hypoxia in MDA-MB-231 cells whereas LOXL2 was upregulated by hypoxia in MDA-MB-435 cells at the mRNA and protein levels. Hypoxic induction of various LOX members was abolished when HIF is genetically silenced or pharmacologically inhibited by HIF inhibitors acriflavine or digoxin (DIG). By microrheology and confocal imaging of collagen, we found that conditioned medium from hypoxic breast cancer cells increased collagen crosslinking compared to non-hypoxic conditioned medium. This effect was lost when HIF is knocked down. Also, we found an increase of BMC invasion through matrigel pretreated with conditioned medium from hypoxic MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 cells as compared to non-hypoxic cells. This induction was abrogated when HIF was genetically or pharmacologically inhibited. Importantly, pharmacologic (daily DIG intraperitoneal injection) or genetic inhibition of HIF in breast cancer cells significantly reduced lung metastasis and recruitment of CD11b+ BMCs to the lungs in an orthotopic implantation model. Fewer cross-linked collagen fibers were observed in the lungs of tumor-bearing mice when HIF was inhibited. Knockdown of LOX or LOXL4 in MDA-MB-231 and knockdown of LOXL2 in MDA-MB-435 cells recapitulated the results from HIF inhibition. Knockdown of LOX members in the cell lines suppressed hypoxia-induced collagen remodeling, BMC invasion in vitro, and CD11b+ recruitment to lungs in vivo. In conclusion, HIF induced secretion of multiple LOX members by primary breast cancers induces collagen remodeling and facilitates BMC recruitment to the lungs, leading to increased metastasis. Antibodies or small molecule inhibitors of LOX do not inhibit all family members. In contrast, HIF, the key determinant of LOX family expression, serves as an attractive chemotherapeutic target to inhibit niche formation and subsequent metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1521. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1521
Cover crop adoption and intensity on Wisconsin’s organic vegetable farms

ABSTRACTCover crop adoption varies across agroecological contexts, both in terms of the number of farmers using cover crops and in the ways that farmers use them. Most assessments of cover crop adoption treat adoption as a binary variable, rather than as a continuum of practices, and do not use regression analysis to identify the drivers of adoption. In 2014, we surveyed organic vegetable farmers in Wisconsin to assess their use of cover crops in terms of cover crop acreage, species diversity, and complexity of management practices. We also used regression analysis to identify key drivers of cover crop use and assessed farmer and farm characteristics and perceptions of cover crops. Survey results and regression analysis show that cover crops are widely used by Wisconsin’s organic vegetable farmers, but acreage, diversity, and complexity of cover crop use varied and have different explanatory factors. Cover cropping extent is negatively correlated with dependence on vegetable revenue, while cover crop spec...
Construction of eukaryotic plasmid of human Plk2 gene and the expression and localization of fusion protein

Objective:To construct the expression plasmid of human Polo-like kinase 2(hPlk2) gene and identify the expression and localization of the fusion protein.Methods:Total mRNA was extracted from Hela cells,and cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription.The hPlk2 coding sequence was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and subcloned into pEGFP-C1 vector.After the target region was identified by restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing,the plasmid was transfected into COS-7 cells.The expression of the recombinant plasmid in COS-7 cells was detected by Western blot assay.The localization of pEGFP-hPlk2 in COS-7 cells was observed with laser scanning confocal microscopy.Results:hPlk2 was constructed into the expressing vector pEGFP-C1 successfully.The length of the fragment identified by restriction enzyme digestion was 2058bp.The expression of pEGFP-hPlk2 fusion protein with a molecular weight of 105kDa was detected by Western blot.The pEGFP-hPlk2 fusion protein was mostly localized in the cytoplasm and perinucleus of COS-7 cells.Conclusion:The recombinant plasmid of hPlk2 gene was successfully cloned into eukaryotic expressing vector,and the pEGFP-hPlk2 fusion protein was mostly localized in the cytoplasm and perinucleus of COS-7 cells.
DETERMINATION OF HYDROPHOBIC GROUP AGGREGATION NUMBER IN HYDROPHOBICALLY ASSOCIATING WATER-SOLUBLE POLYMER BY FLUORESCENT SPECTRUM METHOD

Aggregation number of hydrophobically associating water-soluble polymer (HAWSP)in the hydrophobic domain has been examined using fluorescence probe as a function of the carbon numbers of the hydrophobic groups. The HAWSP was obtained by co-polymerization of acrylamide, sodium acrylate and octadecyl dimethyl allyl ammonium chloride in laboratory. Both monomer and excimer emission are observed. Three ideal assumptions are applied to simplify the calculation. The polymer concentration corresponding to the maximum of the Ie/Im is obtained, so the aggregation number of HAWSP can be calculated. Results show that the aggregation number is in proportion to the carbon numbers of hydrophobic groups.
Turkish foreign policy in an age of uncertainty

Abstract : As Turkey enters the 21st century, it faces a troubled environment, domestically and internationally. Uncertainties regarding the country's future and its external policies have increased significantly as a result of Turkey's own economic crises and political turmoil, troubling developments in nearby regions, and challenges further afield. As a consequence, the task of understanding and assessing Turkey's international role has become more complex and far more difficult. During the Cold War, Turkey acted as a bulwark against the expansion of Soviet influence into the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. With the end of the Cold War, Ankara's policy horizons have expanded and Turkey has become a more assertive and independent actor on the international stage. Where once Turkey primarily looked West, today Turkey is increasingly being pulled East and South as well. As a result, Turkey has been forced to redefine its foreign and security policy interests and to rethink its international relationships. If Turkey were a small state located in Antarctica or the South Sea Islands, these changes might matter little. But Turkey stands at the nexus of three areas of increasing strategic importance to the United States and Europe: the Balkans, the Caspian region, and the Middle East. Thus, how Turkey evolves is important, both to the United States and to Europe. Turkey's sheer size, moreover, gives it important geostrategic weight. Turkey's population is currently nearly 68 million-the second largest in Europe behind Germany-and may be close to 100 million by the middle of the 21st century. This would make Turkey the most populous country in Europe.
Other Regional Issues

US—European differences over Central America during the early and mid-1980s resembled the earlier Vietnam experience in several respects. In both cases, the United States had far stronger strategic interests (or at least commitments) at stake as compared to Europe which, coupled with European security dependence on the US through nato, set practical bounds to European dissent and independence from American policies. Both cases involved the direct or indirect use of American military power to effect or prevent change in Third World situations, thus invoking the issue of US political judgement and morality in the use of force against less-developed societies. Relatedly, with respect to both Vietnam and Central America, there was a European tendency to identify American policies with opposition to the expression of indigenous nationalism (Vietnam) or with efforts to prop up or advance the cause of governments or groups which were not genuinely committed to fundamental political, economic and social change (for example, South Vietnam and El Salvador).
Larock indole synthesis

Indole synthesis using the palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of an o-iodoaniline with a propargyl alcohol.
AMPHETAMINE-INDUCED INHIBITION OF SYNAPTOSOMAL DOPAMINE SYNTHESIS ACTIVATION

ABSTRACT Amphetamine (amph) inhibits synaptosomal dopamine (DA) synthesis activation produced by depolarizing concentrations of veratridine (ver). This effect is observed following either in vivo or in vitro amph treatment. This paper will discuss possible mechanisms of this phenomenon.
Pulmonary vascular collagen content, not cross-linking, contributes to right ventricular pulsatile afterload and overload in early pulmonary hypertension

The present study found an important role for collagen content, but not collagen cross-linking, in the pulsatile right ventricular (RV) afterload, which is correlated with RV hypertrophy. These res...
Characterizing convective heat transfer coefficients in membrane distillation cassettes

Abstract Accurate characterization of conductive heat transfer in membrane distillation (MD) is essential for determining membrane permeability, calculating thermal efficiency, and describing the effects of process parameters on permeate flux. This work demonstrates the effect of convective heat transfer on common MD performance metrics, reviews existing methods to model and measure convective heat transfer in MD cassettes, and proposes a novel experimental method to validate and or correct estimated convective heat transfer coefficients. This simple method compares trends in experimental permeability to those of theoretical permeability over a series of driving forces and/or flow conditions. We first validate this method using experimental data collected from two cassettes using a single membrane. After correcting the heat transfer coefficients for each cassette, the permeability of a single membrane is consistent across two different cassettes. We then validate this method for a single cassette using two different membranes, finding that the experimentally determined cassette correction factor is consistent within the cassette. Consistent and accurate reporting of cassette heat transfer coefficients will promote direct comparison of membrane and module performance across different MD systems.
Media as Cultural Discourse and Youth Emancipation

Mobile social media has not only expanded the realm of possibility for remote communication and networking, but also new opportunities for education and resistance. In the movement for Black lives, galvanizing a critical mass of support is paramount to legitimizing a growing need for advocacy and dissent. In organizing dialectic for activism, educational scholars and direct-service practitioners at the grass-roots level become increasingly pivotal in providing tools for youth of color who are fed up with the violence imposed by a militarized police system.
Determining the weak phase γ using the decays Bd, B+→Kη(η′) and Bs→πη(η′)

Abstract We suggest two methods (based on flavor SU (3) symmetry) to determine the CKM angle γ using the decays B d , B + → Kη ( η ′) and B s → πη ( η ′), respectively. Rescattering effects are partly included – we neglect annihilation amplitudes, but do not assume any other relation between the SU (3) invariant amplitudes. We use the fact that the amplitude (including the Electroweak Penguin contribution) for B d , B + → πK with final state I (isospin)=3/2 is known as a function of γ from the decay rate B + → π 0 π + .
Leveraging big data for adaptive robust optimization of scheduling under uncertainty

In this paper, we propose a data-driven outlier-insensitive adaptive robust optimization framework that leverages big data in industries. A Bayesian nonparametric model - the Dirichlet process mixture model - is adopted to extract the information embedded within uncertainty data via a variational inference algorithm. We then devise data-driven uncertainty sets for adaptive robust optimization. This Bayesian nonparametric model is seamlessly integrated with adaptive optimization approach through a novel four-level robust optimization framework. This framework explicitly considers the correlation, asymmetry and multimode of uncertainty data, and as a result generates less conservative solutions. Additionally, this framework is robust not only to parameter variations, but also to data outliers. An efficient tailored column-and-constraint generation algorithm is proposed for the resulting problem that cannot be solved by any off-the-shelf optimization solvers. The effectiveness and advantages of the modeling framework and solution algorithm are demonstrated through an industrial application in batch process scheduling.
Markov Chain modeling of cyber threats

Cyber security is a complex, multifaceted, poorly understood problem domain. As the use of digital technology grows, the threat environment continues to evolve dynamically. Traditional approaches for cyber security focus on understanding and addressing vulnerabilities. While this mindset is necessary, it is not sufficient. A better understanding of the nature of existing and future cyber threats is needed to make informed defensive decisions that optimize the use of limited resources. Here, we address this deficiency by applying Markov Chain methods to descriptions of observed cyber threats. The goal of this effort is to identify previously unknown themes of common vulnerabilities. We present the results of our study and discuss its implications. Then we conclude and provide direction for future work.
On Mortuary Analysis—with Special Reference to the Saxe-Binford Research Program

In the debate that has developed over the theoretical program of mortuary analysis presented by Saxe (1970) and Binford (1971) over 20 years ago, great stress has been laid on limitations to their goal of identifying social factors underlying differences in the material treatment of the dead. Critics often raise objection to the search for features of social organization in the archaeological manifestations of ritually dominated practices (Hodder 1982; Pearson 1982; Shanks and Tilley 1982). Ritual is portrayed as obeying different rules, and hence demanding separate lines of argument. Lost sight of is the long-acknowledged effect that the scale of social complexity has on the range and complexity of ritual (Durkheim 1915). The problem is not with the principle, but with the means for secure and credible articulation of material manifestations of ritual to features of social organization.
Brexit: Severe Risks to Britain's National Health Service.

The article discusses the potential impact that the Brexit Referendum (Brexit) vote, which authorizes Great Britain to exit the European Union (EU), might have on the British National Health Service. According to the article, the Great Britain government has failed to provide clarity regarding its Brexit-related intentions as of 2017. The laws and health care industry workforce in the EU are examined, along with the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the regulation of pharmaceuticals.
Functional changes in vascular reactivity to adenosine receptor activation in type I diabetic mice

Abstract Activation of adenosine receptors has been implicated in several biological functions, including cardiovascular and renal function. Diabetes causes morphological and functional changes in the vasculature, resulting in abnormal responses to various stimuli. Recent studies have suggested that adenosine receptor expression and signaling are altered in disease states such as hypertension, diabetes. Using a streptozotocin (STZ) mouse model of type I diabetes (T1D), we investigated the functional changes in aorta and resistance mesenteric arteries to adenosine receptor agonist activation in T1D. Organ baths and DMT wire myographs were used for muscle tension measurements in isolated vascular rings, and western blotting was used for protein analysis. Concentration response curves to selective adenosine receptor agonists, including CCPA (A1 receptor agonist), Cl-IBMECA (A3 receptor agonist), CGS-21680 (A2A receptor agonist), and BAY 60–6583 (A2B receptor agonist), were performed. We found that diabetes did not affect adenosine receptor agonist-mediated relaxation or contraction in mesenteric arteries. However, aortas from diabetic mice exhibited a significant decrease (P
Theology and Winnicott's Object Relations Theory: A Conversation:

Operating from Browning's (1989) premise that all psychologies carry moral, ethical, even religious implications, this article develops a theologically-based typology for pastoral care. The religio...
e 1 -minimization with magnitude constraints in the frequency domain

In this paper, we study the \(\ell _1 \)-optimal control problem with additional constraints on the magnitude of the closed-loop frequency response. In particular, we study the case of magnitude constraints at fixed frequency points (a finite number of such constraints can be used to approximate an \(H_\infty \)-norm constraint). In previous work, we have shown that the primal-dual formulation for this problem has no duality gap and both primal and dual problems are equivalent to convex, possibly infinite-dimensional, optimization problems with LMI constraints. Here, we study the effect of approximating the convex magnitude constraints with a finite number of linear constraints and provide a bound on the accuracy of the approximation. The resulting problems are linear programs. In the one-block case, both primal and dual programs are semi-infinite dimensional. The optimal cost can be approximated, arbitrarily well from above and within any predefined accuracy from below, by the solutions of finite-dimensional linear programs. In the multiblock case, the approximate LP problem (as well as the exact LMI problem) is infinite-dimensional in both the variables and the constraints. We show that the standard finite-dimensional approximation method, based on approximating the dual linear programming problem by sequences of finite-support problems, may fail to converge to the optimal cost of the infinite-dimensional problem.
Orthotics, Bracing, and Taping

Athletic shoewear has two basic functions. The first, fundamental requirement is that it must protect the foot. The second is to act as an interface between the body and the functional surface. Highly specialized footwear has developed for most sports that provides these two functions. Consider the contrast between a ski boot and a ballerina’s slipper, each of which has evolved to optimize athletic performance.
Effect of Respiratory Motion on Plaque Imaging in the Mouse Using Tc-99m Labeled Annexin-V

The main cause of death in coronary artery disease (CAD)is the rupture of unstable or “vulnerable” atherosclerotic plaque which leads to a sudden occlusion. The structure and composition of an atherosclerotic plaque is an important determinant in its stability. Vulnerable plaque tend to have a thin fibrous cap and a large lipid core and are softer and more likely to rupture than more stable plaque with thicker caps.Currently, a great deal of research is ongoing to investigate different imaging techniques to differentiate stable and vulnerable plaque. The technique could significantly enhance the screening and management of patients with CAD. It would have great potential in identifying patients who are at a high risk for acute events.
The History of Clinical Ultrasound

No text devoted to the application of ultrasound to medicine would be complete without at least a brief review of the remarkable events which have preceded its current uses. In fact, one review of musculoskeletal ultrasound includes “From bats and ships to babies and hips” in its formal title [1]. Although this is clearly an oversimplification, it emphasizes the presence of ultrahigh-­frequency sound in our natural environment and its scientific adaptation to more practical matters.
Cross-Cultural Predictive Accuracy of the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory.

The authors investigated the feasibility of transferring the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory (SCII) into another culture. Results are discussed relative to appropriate psychotechnological transfer.
Use of wavelet analysis for an objective evaluation of the formation of pills in nonwoven fabrics

A quantitative technique to measure pill formation on fabrics has been developed using a wavelet analysis. This technique permits the damage of fabrics to be evaluated with a minimum of human inter...
Effects of Physical Activity and Sleep Quality on Anxiety found in Adults [Kennesaw State University]

Abstract Background: The Anxiety and Depression Association of America claim that anxiety disorders are the most common form of mental illness in the United States. 18.1% of the population 18 years and older are reported to have been affected by anxiety. An increase in physical activity and an improvement in sleep quality have been found to be effective in the management of anxiety. This study was conducted to find correlations between anxiety, sleep quality, and physical activity. Methods: Adults (n=24, male and female, Mage = 44 years) were recruited for the study through convenience sampling. Participants completed a series of questionnaires that evaluated their mood, exercise-leisure habits, and sleep quality. Two Pearson correlation coefficients were done to determine a correlation between the three variables. Results: The correlation between anxiety and physical activity was statistically significant (r = -.42, p < .02, (r2=0.18), df= 21). The correlation found between and anxiety and sleep quality were also statistically significant (r = -.48, p < .02 (r2=.24), df = 22). The findings from both Pearson Correlation Coefficients indicated that there was a moderate association between anxiety, physical activity, and sleep quality. Conclusion: The results agreed with existing research on anxiety. Participants’ low to moderate levels of anxiety were supported by their physical activity level and sleep quality. Due to the limited nature of the study, further research and replication of the study is necessary to yield results that are more representative of the general public.
Sustainability as a Strategy in the Chinese Automotive Industry: Managing Legitimacy Demands when Expanding to the EU

Sustainability refers the capacity to endure both environmentally and economically. In this paper, we take a look at both aspects of sustainability as we analyze the effects that new environmental sustainability standards, and compliance with those standards have on the Chinese automotive industry. We sought to understand if these new regulations provide an opportunity to enhance the success of Chinese automotive MNCs as they seek to expand to the European Union.In this analysis, we drew upon institution-based theory to understand the way Chinese automotive MNCs could leverage environmental compliance domestically as a competitive advantage when looking to expand internationally. Through investigating both formal and informal institutions within China and the European Union, we were able to identify overlapping environmental regulations. We then conducted interviews with credible sources to gain insight into how companies could leverage sustainability as a strategy to establish and maintain legitimacy in the European automotive industry. Through our research and qualitative analysis, we were able to develop three strategies that Chinese automotive MNCs could utilize to manage legitimacy demands when expanding into the EU.
Preclinical pharmacokinetic studies with s-HDAC-42 (NSC 736012), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, by LC-MS/MS

3091 Purpose. R, S-HDAC-42 (NSC 731438), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, has been found to possess potent cytotoxicity in the NCI 60-cell line screen with a mean GI50 of 0.2 μM. The S-enantiomer of HDAC-42 (s-HDAC-42; NSC 736012) is the more potent isomer. The purpose of this study was to develop a highly sensitive LC-MS assay for the analysis of s-HDAC-42 in plasma and to characterize its pharmacokinetics in mice. Methods. A liquid chromatograph-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-MS) with electrospray (ESI) ionization was used for quantification. Plasma (0.1 mL) was spiked with s-HDAC-42 and the internal standard, hesperetin and then extracted with ethyl acetate. The extracts were subjected to ESI LC-MS using a BetaBasic C8 column with isocratic elution. Positive ion selected reaction monitor (MRM) mode with ion transitions at m/z 313.2-133.2 for s-HDAC-42 and m/z 303.2-177.2 for hesperetin was used for quantification. The assay method was validated in mouse plasma. Pharmacokinetics (PK) of s-HDAC-42 in CD1F2 mice was studied following i.v. bolus administration at 20 mg/kg and p.o dose at 50 mg/kg. Results. The Lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for s-HDAC-42 was found to be 2 ng/ml (6 nM), in mouse plasma. Linearity was demonstrated between the LLOQ to 1000 ng/mL (3.2 μM). The within-day coefficients of variation (CVs) were found to be 14.7%, 9.5%, and 6.6% at 2, 5, 50 ng/mL (0.006, 0.016, 0.16 μM), the lower concentration range, while 6.1%, 6.0%, and 1.8% at 50, 500, 1000 ng/mL (0.16, 1.6, 3.2 μM), the higher range of concentration (n=6). The corresponding between-day CVs were found to be 8.8, 8.8, 0.6, 8.2, 1.4 and 0.6%, respectively. Plasma protein-binding of s-HDAC-42 was 95-98% at low μM range. Following an i.v. bolus dose at 20 mg/kg, plasma concentration reached ∼49 μM then decreased to 0.02 μM at 48 hr. The data were found to fit to a two-compartment model with an initial and terminal half life of 0.38 hr and 10.1 hr, respectively. The AUC value was 43.7 μM.hr and the total body clearance was 1.47 L/h/kg at 20 mg/kg. s-HDAC-42 was absorbed rapidly following a 50 mg/kg p.o. dose and plasma concentration reached 14.7 μM at 0.17 h and also declined biexponentially with time. The oral bioavailability was found to be 27.4%. Conclusion. An ESI LC-MS/MS method for s-HDAC-42 in plasma with low nM sensitivity has been developed and used to characterize the pharmacokinetics of s-HDAC-42 in mice. Oral absorption was rapid and bioavailability was moderate. In support of RAID #276 (C-S Chen) through NCI-N01-CM-52205.
Review of Surgical Education Research Trends in North America.

Objective The purpose of this study was to synthesize surgical education research literature over the last decade and to address the following questions: (1) What are the most common subjects studied? (2) What research designs and data-gathering strategies are commonly employed? (3) Where are these papers being published? (4) What subject and research design trends have emerged in the last decade? Design A literature review was conducted on surgical education publications from January 2008 to July 2018, using the search terms, “Graduate Medical Education,” and “General Surgery.” Inclusion criteria included articles published in the United States and Canada specific to general surgery and graduate medical education. Results A total of 1043 articles met inclusion criteria and were categorized according to year published, journal type, journal of publication, subject of research, research design, and data collection method. The following observations were noted: (1) curriculum/teaching remains the most common subject of surgical education research, with growing emphasis on program evaluation, well-being, duty hours, and case exposure. (2) Descriptive research is the most common, although qualitative and mixed methods research is becoming more common. (3) Online surveys are the most common data collection method as they are the quickest way to gather data but there is an increasing use of interviews as support for qualitative research grows. and (4) Surgical education papers are largely published in journals specifically designed for education, and have slowly grown in popularity in generalized surgical journals. Conclusions As surgical education continues to develop as a field, we anticipate further acceptance of qualitative research in major peer-reviewed surgical journals, increased emphasis on resident well-being, and more effective use of interviews and mixed methods including online resources for data collection.
Bax expression is optimal at low oxygen tension and constant agitation

Bax is a pro-apoptosis protein that translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondria membrane upon initiation of programed cell death. Bax subsequently disrupts the mitochondria membrane, resulting in the release of cytochrome C which activates the downstream caspases. The structure of inactive Bax has been solved, but despite intensive investigation, the mechanism by which it regulates apoptosis is not established. The low yield of Bax expression in E. coli hampers efforts to elucidate the mechanism. Thus, we undertook a systematic study aimed at improving the yield of Bax. Bacteria were grown in a computer-controlled fermenter and expression was induced by addition of Isopropyl s-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). The Bax expression level decreased continuously when the dissolved oxygen level was kept at 30%, which is non-limiting for E. coli. Alternatively, when oxygen input was decreased with constant agitation and air flow (or kLa), Bax yield increased by a factor of three. To make sure the short chain fatty acids generated during micro-aerobic fermentation had no adverse effect, their concentrations were closely monitored with HPLC and their effect on cell growth and Bax expression were investigated additionally using shake flasks. Through proteomic analysis using Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) labeling, we identified degradation pathway within E. coli cells as a potential player behind the lower expression level.
Optical 2D Coherent Spectroscopy of Many-body Interaction and Correlation in Atoms

Optical 2D coherence spectroscopy was performed in dilute atomic vapors. The 2D spectra revealed long-range dipole-dipole interaction between atoms at a mean separation up to 16 micrometers and multi-atom correlation up to seven atoms.
Survival analysis for the inverse Gaussian distribution with the Gibbs sampler

This paper describes a comprehensive survival analysis for the inverse Gaussian distribution employing Bayesian and Fiducial approaches. It focuses on making inferences on the inverse Gaussian (IG)...
Abstract IA24: Navigating the new normal: Trends shaping post-COVID-19 cancer care delivery

In just a few short weeks, COVID-19 transformed cancer care around the world. The crisis has dismantled how care is delivered and forced providers to make difficult decisions about what types of care are essential and can be sustained with the resources and staff available. This presentation will provide an overview of the emerging trends that are shaping cancer care and how providers are adapting to these new challenges to continue to safely provide necessary care to those who need it most. Citation Format: Lisa Richardson. Navigating the new normal: Trends shaping post-COVID-19 cancer care delivery [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2020 Jul 20-22. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(18_Suppl):Abstract nr IA24.
Introduction to Intersections

This brief chapter introduces the second section of the book Socially Engaged Art History and Beyond: Alternative Approaches to the Theory and Practice of Art History. Part II, Intersections, is comprised of six essays that describe socially engaged art historical projects that lie at the intersections between physical spaces, disciplines, organizations, and communities. This introductory essay examines several of the diverse types of intersections dealt with by authors in this section by placing their projects, spaces, and actors into context with each other and within the emerging practices of socially engaged art history.
Social Network Analysis for Program Implementation

This paper introduces the use of social network analysis theory and tools for implementation research. The social network perspective is useful for understanding, monitoring, influencing, or evaluating the implementation process when programs, policies, practices, or principles are designed and scaled up or adapted to different settings. We briefly describe common barriers to implementation success and relate them to the social networks of implementation stakeholders. We introduce a few simple measures commonly used in social network analysis and discuss how these measures can be used in program implementation. Using the four stage model of program implementation (exploration, adoption, implementation, and sustainment) proposed by Aarons and colleagues [1] and our experience in developing multi-sector partnerships involving community leaders, organizations, practitioners, and researchers, we show how network measures can be used at each stage to monitor, intervene, and improve the implementation process. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts. We conclude with expected benefits and challenges associated with this approach.
Sucrose and delinquency: Oral sucrose tolerance test and nutritional assessment

Claims that juvenile delinquency may be associated with reactive hypoglycemia or nutritional deficiencies have received widespread attention but little objective evaluation. To assess the validity of these claims, nutritional and psychological indices of juvenile delinquents have been measured. Serum glucose and insulin profiles during an oral sucrose tolerance test were measured in 137 delinquent and 41 nondelinquent male adolescents aged 14 to 19. In addition, nutritional status of both populations was assessed by anthropometry (height, weight, arm circumference, triceps skin fold) and biochemical measures (hematocrit, red-blood cell thiamin, and serum copper, ferritin, and zinc). Delinquent subjects had slightly but significantly lower serum glucose values at four of six time points (fasting, 60 minutes, 120 minutes, 180 minutes) and higher serum insulin values at one time point (30 minutes) compared with nondelinquent subjects. Changes in glucose from fasting levels indicate that these subjects were regulating serum glucose adequately, but doing so at lower values; changes in insulin from fasting levels indicate that black delinquents initially secreted more insulin than either white subject group. There were no significant associations between excursions in serum glucose or insulin and any adrenergic signs or symptoms of low blood glucose levels. Nutritional status of incarcerated delinquents did not differ from that of nonincarcerated subjects on most measures. Although the significantly lower serum glucose levels and higher serum insulin levels are intriguing, no support is offered by results of this study for allegations that sucrose ingestion causes reactive hypoglycemia in juvenile delinquents or that delinquent male adolescents are at greater risk nutritionally than male adolescents of the same age who are not delinquent. Results of the psychological studies described in the accompanying article in this issue support this conclusion.
A disposable polymer field effect transistor (FET) for pH measurement

In this paper, a fully disposable polymer field effect transistor (polymer-FET) for pH measurement has been proposed, fabricated and fully characterized. A well-defined poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is adopted as the semi-conducting material and used as active layer. The polymer FET fabricated on a plastic substrate shows I-V characteristics that are comparable to those of Si-based field effect transistor (Si-FET). The polymer FET sensor has been integrated with a microfluidic channel and tested as a pH sensor, which shows a good linearity in the source-drain current versus the pH concentration. This work has envisaged a possibility of mass-producing low cost and disposable polymer sensors/circuits. Due to the low temperature process, the polymer-FET can be easily integrated with disposable lab-on-a-chips.
Lithium carbonate therapy during pregnancy: apparent lack of effect upon the fetus. A case report.

Abstract A manic patient on lithium carbonate treatment was discovered to be in the seventh month of pregnancy. The drug was continued until term with no untoward effects on the infant. During the first 10 days of life, the lithium was completely cleared from the newborn infant's blood in an exponential manner.
Agency and the “emotion machine”

In interactive fiction or drama the author's role in manipulating the user into dramatic situations is as important in the construction of the user's sense of ”agency,” as concerns about the her freedom and choice.
STRUCTURE OF THE PROTON AND THE NEUTRON.

Sixty-five years ago Ernest Rutherford observed how alpha particles are scattered by thin metal foils and concluded that the atom is not a homogeneous body but consists of negatively charged electrons surrounding a small, massive, positively charged nucleus. Since that time physicists in many laboratories have conducted scattering experiments with particles of ever increasing energy in an effort to probe the structure first of the atom, then of the nucleus and now of the basic constituents of the nucleus: the proton and the neutron. Are these “elementary” nuclear particles homogeneous? Recent investigations with electrons brought to an energy of 21 billion electron volts by the two-mile accelerator at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) [see Figure 1] strongly suggest that history may be repeating itself on a scale 100,000 times smaller than that of the atom. It turns out that ultrahighenergy electrons are scattered by protons and neutrons in ways that no one had predicted. The tentative conclusion is that the nuclear particles have a complex internal structure consisting of pointlike entities now called partons. And there is evidence that partons share some of the properties assigned earlier to those hypothetical particles named quarks.
The relationship of self-management and disease modifying therapy use to employment status among adults with multiple sclerosis

Peoplewithmultiplesclerosis(MS)mayfacenumerousbarrierstoemploymentretention.Comprehensivelyunderstand- ing these barriers is important for implementing effective vocational rehabilitation interventions. Although several demographic and MS-related variables have consistently been found to be related to employment status, self-management and adherence to treatment have infrequently been evaluated in this context. This article explores the relationships between employment status and the use of disease-modifying therapy and self-management among a community-based sample of adults with MS using both bivariate and multivariate analyses. Group comparisons between employed and unemployed adults with MS suggested that both self-management and DMT use are significantly related to employment. In a stepwise binary logistic regression analysis, age, duration in years diagnosed with MS, and scores on a multi-dimensional MS self-management scale were positively related to employment. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for rehabilitation intervention.
Supersymmetry signatures with tau jets at the Fermilab Tevatron

We study the supersymmetry reach of the Fermilab Tevatron in channels containing both isolated leptons and identified tau jets. In the most challenging case, where the branching ratios of gauginos to taus dominate, we find that searches for two leptons, a tau jet and a large amount of missing transverse energy have a much better reach than the classic trilepton signature. With a total integrated luminosity of L(greater-or-similar sign)4fb{sup -1}, the Tevatron will start extending the expected CERN LEP-II reach for supersymmetry. (c) 1999 The American Physical Society.
Intensification and Isolation: Alienated Teaching and Collaborative Professional Relationships in the Accountability Context.

The global educational landscape continues to change in response to three forces: a new paradigm of curriculum approaches that has shifted from teaching to learning; public demand for evidence of this learning; and decentralization of public schools (Sahlberg in Journal of Educational Change, 12(2):173–185, 2011). These changes have had what many researchers identify as a negative effect on the work of teachers (Cochran-Smith and Lytle in Harvard Educational Review, 76(4):668–697, 2006; Griffin and Scharmann in Journal of Elementary Science Education, 20(3):35–48, 2008; Hargreaves and Shirley in Phi Delta Kappan, 90(2):135–143, 2008; Hill in Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 29(2):95–114, 2007; Jennings and Rentner in Phi Delta Kappan, 88(2):110–113, 2006; McNeil in Contradictions of school reform: Educational costs of standardized testing. Routledge, New York, 2000). One effect is alienation, which may take many forms including disengagement from work, isolation and neglect (Brooks et al. in Educ Policy 22(1):45–62, 2008; Macdonald and Shirley in The mindful teacher. Teachers College Press, New York, 2009; Zielinski and Hoy in Educ Adm Q 19(2):27–45, 1983). In this article, I use data gathered from interviews with teachers and school counselors in a suburban district outside a Rust Belt city to demonstrate that the reach of alienated teaching in the accountability context extends beyond teachers’ own work to impact the entire school community. In particular, I show that alienated teaching further isolates school counselors and teachers, whose work has long been organizationally separate, from collaborative professional relationships and ultimately prevents students from receiving the types of support services they need for postsecondary success.
The Effect of Load Holding Height on Trunk Biomechanics during Sudden Loading

Sudden loading during manual material handling poses a significant risk of back injury. The present study investigated the effect of load holding height on trunk biomechanics (trunk flexion angle and L5/S1 joint compression force) during sudden loading. Eleven subjects were recruited to perform sudden loading tasks with a 6.8 kg load, while maintaining upright standing posture and holding load at three different height levels in the sagittal plane. It has been found that load holding height significantly affected L5/S1 joint compression force and trunk flexion angle. With a lower load holding height, peak L5/S1 joint compression force decreased by 17.5%. According to these findings, it is suggested that holding load at a lower level could help reduce the risk of low back injury.