cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HST Observations of White Dwarfs in Close and Wide Binaries

This paper reports on several observational programs with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) that focus on spectroscopy and direct imaging of white dwarfs (WDs) in binary systems. I have been fortunate to have the collaboration on these projects of the following astronomers: M. S. O’Brien, E. M. Sion, M. A. Barstow, M. R. Burleigh, J. B. Holberg, E. Nelan, R. Gilliland, T. Girard, D. L. Pollacco, and R. F. Webbink.
CAGER: classification analysis of gene expression regulation using multiple information sources

Many classification approaches have been applied to analyzing transcriptional regulation of gene expressions. These methods build models that can explain a gene's expression level from the regulatory elements (features) on its promoter sequence. Different types of features, such as experimentally verified binding motifs, motifs discovered by computer programs, or transcription factor binding data measured with Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, have been used towards this goal. Each type of features has been shown successful in modeling gene transcriptional regulation under certain conditions. However, no comparison has been made to evaluate the relative merit of these features. Furthermore, most publicly available classification tools were not designed specifically for modeling transcriptional regulation, and do not allow the user to combine different types of features. In this study, we use a specific classification method, decision trees, to model transcriptional regulation in yeast with features based on predefined motifs, automatically identified motifs, ChlP-chip data, or their combinations. We compare the accuracies and stability of these models, and analyze their capabilities in identifying functionally related genes. Furthermore, we design and implement a user-friendly web server called CAGER (Classification Analysis of Gene Expression Regulation) that integrates several software components for automated analysis of transcriptional regulation using decision trees. Finally, we use CAGER to study the transcriptional regulation of Arabidopsis genes in response to abscisic acid, and report some interesting new results. Models built with ChlP-chip data suffer from low accuracies when the condition under which gene expressions are measured is significantly different from the condition under which the ChIP experiment is conducted. Models built with automatically identified motifs can sometimes discover new features, but their modeling accuracies may have been over-estimated in previous studies. Furthermore, models built with automatically identified motifs are not stable with respect to noises. A combination of ChlP-chip data and predefined motifs can substantially improve modeling accuracies, and is effective in identifying true regulons. The CAGER web server, which is freely available at http://cic.cs.wustl.edu/CAGER/ , allows the user to select combinations of different feature types for building decision trees, and interact with the models graphically. We believe that it will be a useful tool to facilitate the discovery of gene transcriptional regulatory networks.
Introduction to Microwave Measurements

This chapter describes the idealized analysis of many components, but the descriptions are extended to some of the real‐world detriments that cause these components’ behavior to vary from the expected analytical response. It considers many of the relevant parameters in microwave components that are derived from the fundamental measurements of voltage and current on the ports. The techniques used for component measurements in the microware world change dramatically depending upon the attributes of the components; thus, the first step in describing the optimum measurement methods is understanding the expected behavior of the device‐under‐test. While a wide‐ranging topic, the measurement of passive printed circuit (PC) board components is focused on the measurement of surface mount technology (SMT) resistors, SMT capacitors, and SMT inductors. The chapter provides a review of the models of these elements; during measurement, the difficulty is in understanding the relative importance of aspects of these models and extracting the values of the model elements.
From Concept to the Clinics: Development of Cancer Therapeutics

Development of a therapeutic agent is a long and laborious process commencing with the discovery of a “druggable target” underlying the pathology of a disease. After rigorous testing, optimization, and modification, the candidate agent is then carefully tested for toxicity in appropriate animal models to define a dose that can be safely administered to human patients without adverse effects. Once these preclinical studies have been performed, the experiemental drug moves into the clinical trials phases. Phase I clinical trials are typically dose escalation studies meant to evaluate the safety, adverse events, and maximum tolerated dose in human patients. Agents that appear to be reasonably safe then progress to phase II and eventually phase III studies to evaluate their efficacy prior to government approval and marketing. In this chapter we will discuss three recently approved agents that have been through this process and are now being tested in combination with other therapies and one experimental agent that is actively engaged in the developmental process. Keywords: cancer therapeutics; clinical trials; bevacizumab; proteasome inhibitor; interferon-α; oncolytic virus
A Novel Wireless System to Monitor Gait Using Smartshoe-Worn Sensors

The aim of this paper is to present a multisensory system that studies abnormal walking patterns to prevent a fall. Due to the growing elderly population, scientific research on smartphone-based gait detection systems has recently become an imperative component in decreasing elderly injuries due to falls. To address the issue of smart gait detection, we propose a gait classification system using smarts hoe sensor data in this paper. We used shoe-worn pressure sensors on the foot and validated algorithms to extract the gait parameters during walking trials in a lab environment. This smarts hoe contains four pressure sensors with a Wi-Fi communication module to unobtrusively collect data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first system which can automatically detect abnormalities in walking patterns. A unique signal classification approach is presented by recognizing the abnormality in a subject's gait, and modeling the dynamics of a system as they are captured in a reconstructed phase space. Based on our experiments, we have found an 89% walking-based classification accuracy to help prevent falls.
Smart cities: how data mining and optimization can shape future cities

By 2050, an estimated 70% of the worlds population will live in cities up from 13% in 1900. Already, cities consume an estimated 75% of the worlds energy, emit more than 80% of greenhouse gases, and lose as much as 20% of their water supply due to infrastructure leaks. As their urban populations continue to grow and these metrics increase, civic leaders face an unprecedented series of challenges to scale and optimize their infrastructures.
Tunnelling in contaminated ground

As part of the $6.3B East Side Access Project (ESA), four bored tunnels and two cut and cover sections will be constructed through contaminated groundwater. The tunnels will be constructed under an active railroad yard and the main line of the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR). This paper addresses the technical challenges related to control of contaminated ground water during tunnelling including construction and monitoring approaches identified to control movement of contaminated ground water. (A) This paper was presented at Safety in the underground space - Proceedings of the ITA-AITES 2006 World Tunnel Congress and the 32nd ITA General Assembly, Seoul, Korea, 22-27 April 2006. For the covering abstract see ITRD E129148. "Reprinted with permission from Elsevier".
Selective oxidation of alcohols using octahedral molecular sieves: influence of synthesis method and property–activity relations

Abstract Manganese oxides having a tunnel structure (OMS-2) have been utilized as selective catalysts for alcohol oxidation. In this study manganese oxide catalysts were synthesized in different media and modified by exchanging the tunnel cation by H+, using acid treatment or exchanging with NH4+ followed by thermolysis. Various alcohol oxidations were performed using these catalysts to ascertain the influence of synthesis method on their activity. A correlation is made between lattice oxygen instability and activity of the catalysts, which indicates involvement of the lattice oxygen in the mechanism. The exchange of the tunnel cation with the smaller H+ ions leads to weakening of the Mn–O bond, as verified by temperature programmed desorption (TPD) results. Only the chemisorbed oxygen on the surface (O−) and the lattice oxygen in the layers close to the surface is involved in the oxygen transfer during the reaction.
Generation of functional multipotent adult stem cells from GPR125 + germline progenitors

Adult mammalian testis is a source of pluripotent stem cells. However, the lack of specific surface markers has hampered identification and tracking of the unrecognized subset of germ cells that gives rise to multipotent cells. Although embryonic-like cells can be derived from adult testis cultures after only several weeks in vitro, it is not known whether adult self-renewing spermatogonia in long-term culture can generate such stem cells as well. Here, we show that highly proliferative adult spermatogonial progenitor cells (SPCs) can be efficiently obtained by cultivation on mitotically inactivated testicular feeders containing CD34+ stromal cells. SPCs exhibit testicular repopulating activity in vivo and maintain the ability in long-term culture to give rise to multipotent adult spermatogonial-derived stem cells (MASCs). Furthermore, both SPCs and MASCs express GPR125, an orphan adhesion-type G-protein-coupled receptor. In knock-in mice bearing a GPR125-beta-galactosidase (LacZ) fusion protein under control of the native Gpr125 promoter (GPR125-LacZ), expression in the testis was detected exclusively in spermatogonia and not in differentiated germ cells. Primary GPR125-LacZ SPC lines retained GPR125 expression, underwent clonal expansion, maintained the phenotype of germline stem cells, and reconstituted spermatogenesis in busulphan-treated mice. Long-term cultures of GPR125+ SPCs (GSPCs) also converted into GPR125+ MASC colonies. GPR125+ MASCs generated derivatives of the three germ layers and contributed to chimaeric embryos, with concomitant downregulation of GPR125 during differentiation into GPR125- cells. MASCs also differentiated into contractile cardiac tissue in vitro and formed functional blood vessels in vivo. Molecular bookmarking by GPR125 in the adult mouse and, ultimately, in the human testis could enrich for a population of SPCs for derivation of GPR125+ MASCs, which may be employed for genetic manipulation, tissue regeneration and revascularization of ischaemic organs.
ENSO variability and the eastern tropical Pacific: A review

El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) encompasses variability in both the eastern and western tropical Pacific. During the warm phase of ENSO, the eastern tropical Pacific is characterized by equatorial positive sea surface temperature (SST) and negative sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies, while the western tropical Pacific is marked by off-equatorial negative SST and positive SLP anomalies. Corresponding to this distribution are equatorial westerly wind anomalies in the central Paci- fic and equatorial easterly wind anomalies in the far western Pacific. Occurrence of ENSO has been explained as either a self-sustained, naturally oscillatory mode of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system or a stable mode triggered by stochastic forcing. Whatever the case, ENSO involves the positive ocean-atmosphere feedback hypothesized by Bjerknes. After an El Nino reaches its mature phase, negative feedbacks are required to terminate growth of the mature El Nino anomalies in the central and eastern Pacific. Four requisite negative feedbacks have been proposed: reflected Kelvin waves at the ocean wes- tern boundary, a discharge process due to Sverdrup transport, western Pacific wind-forced Kelvin waves, and anomalous zonal advections. These negative feedbacks may work together for terminating El Nino, with their relative importance being time-dependent. ENSO variability is most pronounced along the equator and the coast of Ecuador and Peru. However, the eastern trop- ical Pacific also includes a warm pool north of the equator where important variability occurs. Seasonally, ocean advection seems to play an important role for SST variations of the eastern Pacific warm pool. Interannual variability in the eastern Pacific warm pool may be largely due to a direct oceanic connection with the ENSO variability at the equator. Variations in temperature, stratification, insolation, and productivity associated with ENSO have implications for phytoplankton productivity and for fish, birds, and other organisms in the region. Long-term changes in ENSO variability may be occur- ring and are briefly discussed. This paper is part of a comprehensive review of the oceanography of the eastern tropical Pacific.
Falsifiability and repeatability in generative grammar: a case study of anaphora and scope dependency in Japanese

This paper aims to illustrate how we might proceed to attain repeatability and falsifiability in generative grammar, on the basis of discussion of concrete empirical materials in Japanese, such as bound variable anaphora, quantifier scope, and reconstruction effects. After critically examining and improving on the major empirical arguments for the standard view of the phrase structure of Japanese, I propose that a certain type of bound variable anaphora is based on a formal relation, Formal Dependency (FD), between two argument positions. The structural condition on FD and its interpretive consequence proposed here not only enable us to account for the fluctuation and instability of speakers' judgments but also lead us to predict a number of hitherto unnoticed correlations with regard to the (un)availability of a bound variable construal. The paper attains a significantly higher level of repeatability than before, states explicitly how its proposal can be falsified, and stresses the critical importance of making a rigorous attempt to articulate how every theoretical concept is related to the rest of the theory as well as to the native speaker's linguistic intuitions so as to be able to make definite predictions and ensure the falsifiability of our hypotheses.
SOME COMPARATIVE THOUGHTS ON PREMODERN SOUTHEAST ASIAN WARFARE

Between c. 1550 and 1650 discrepant political and economic contexts in the central Philippines, northeast Indonesia, and Burma produced distinctive military logics. In the pre-literate, localized societies of the Philippines and the interior of Indonesian islands, raiders sought heads for spiritual power and captives for ransom or labor, but along the coasts of northeast Indonesia wider religious and trade contacts and European-style guns bred a novel interplay between state formation and warfare. In Burma yet larger populations and more complex administrations supported sustained, massive military expeditions. Chronicle accounts of Burmese armies are exaggerated, but it is difficult to quantify those exaggerations or to isolate the cultural imperatives governing chronicle composition. Entre c. 1550 et 1650, les divers contextes politiques et economiques aux Philippines centrales, dans le nord-est de l'Indonesie et en Birmanie ont produit des logiques militaires distinctes. Dans les societes illettrees et limitees des Philippines et de l'interieur des iles indonesiennes, des pillards chassaient des tetes pour gagner le pouvoir spirituel et des captifs pour en tirer rancon ou pour les faire travailler. Mais le long des cotes du nord-est de l'Indonesie, les contacts religieux et commerciaux plus diversifies, et l'utilisation d'armes a feu de style europeen ont engendre un effet reciproque nouveau entre la formation de l'etat et la guerre. En Birmanie, les populations plus importantes et les administrations plus complexes ont soutenu des expeditions militaires prolongees et massives. Les rapports dans les chroniques sur les armees birmanes sont exageres, mais il est difficile de mesurer ces exagerations ou d'isoler les imperatifs culturels qui regissaient la composition de ces chroniques.
The antifouling activity of natural and synthetic phenol acid sulphate esters

p-(sulphooxy) Cinnamic acid was isolated as a natural product for the first time from the seagrass Zostera marina (eelgrass) and was found to prevent attachment of marine bacteria and barnacles to artificial surfaces at nontoxic concentrations. Analogous synthetic sulphate esters had similar antifouling properties, while the non-sulphated phenolic acid precursors were ineffective. The antifouling properties of phenolic acid sulphates are consistent with an emerging pattern of biological activity exhibited by other sulphate esters isolated from a variety of marine organisms, and their low toxicity offers promise for the development of environmentally benign antifouling agents to protect structures in aquatic environments.
Initial clinical judgments by internists, family physicians, and psychiatrists in response to patient vignettes: II. Ordering of laboratory tests, consultations, and treatments☆

In response to two written clinical vignettes describing patients with commonly seen somatic and psychologic complaints, 146 physicians from internal medicine, family medicine, and psychiatry recorded the tests and initial treatments they would order. As with the problems and diagnoses suggested by the physicians, enormous variation was seen in all specialties. The number and to some extent the nature of tests, procedures, and initial treatments ordered varied by specialty and within specialty subgroups (i.e., housestaff, full-time academic, and volunteer clinical faculty members). Physician test ordering responses to one vignette was highly correlated with responses to the second vignette, suggesting that test ordering among physicians is partly based on personal habits and characteristics and not alone on the patient's signs and symptoms.
Reduced Vlasov simulations in higher dimensions

Abstract Kinetic plasma simulations based on direct integration of the Vlasov equations are characterized by very low noise, but become numerically intensive in more than one spatial dimension. A set of less costly numerical strategies are presented in which a full Vlasov kinetic description is maintained only along one “dominant” spatial coordinate, with the perpendicular dimensions modeled by reduced moment-based methods. A simple initial-value simulation is use to test the algorithm and simulations of current-driven double layers and electron holes in the auroral ionosphere are used to illustrate the application of such methods to current research studies.
Father Involvement and Toddlers’ Behavior Regulation: Evidence from a High Social Risk Sample

Using a sample of 401 adolescent mothers (16-20 years of age at childbirth) and their firstborn toddlers, we examined relations between father involvement, mother-father relationships, and toddlers’ socioemotional functioning. Mothers reported on father involvement and father-mother relationship quality (support, conflict, intimate partner violence). Children’s behavior problems and social competence were assessed using the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA). The expected positive influence of high father involvement on toddlers was absent when parents were in conflict, or had high intimate partner violence (IPV). Results are discussed in light of the current emphasis on policies and programs to support father involvement and suggest that enhancing the quality of father-mother relationships may facilitate the potential positive effects of father involvement on children’s functioning.
New Insights into Causes and Treatments of Kidney Stones

Recent findings have provided insight into the molecular basis of kidney stone formation and entirely changed our approach to management of calcium stones. Understanding the role of genetic factors and the various promotors and inhibitors of stone formation should lead to more effective prophylaxis and treatment of other types of stones as well.
Metrologies for quantitative nanomechanical testing and quality control in semiconductor manufacturing

If nanomechanical testing is to evolve into a tool for process and quality control in semiconductor fabrication, great advances in throughput, repeatability, and accuracy of the associated instruments and measurements will be required. A recent grant awarded by the NIST Advanced Technology Program seeks to address the throughput issue by developing a high-speed AFM-based platform for quantitative nanomechanical measurements. The following paper speaks to the issue of quantitative accuracy by presenting an overview of various standards and techniques under development at NIST and other national metrology institutes (NMIs) that can provide a metrological basis for nanomechanical testing. The infrastructure we describe places firm emphasis on traceability to the International System of Units, paving the way for truly quantitative, rather than qualitative, physical property testing.
The Mentor Core Study on Silicone MemoryGel Breast Implants.

Background:In 2005, convincing safety and efficacy data were presented, resulting in the approval of Mentor MemoryGel Implants, with conditions.Methods:The 1007 women enrolled in the 10-year, multicenter, Mentor Core MemoryGel Study were distributed into four cohorts: 551 primary augmentation patien
Continuous wireless pressure monitoring and mapping with ultra-small passive sensors for health monitoring and critical care

Continuous monitoring of internal physiological parameters is essential for critical care patients, but currently can only be practically achieved via tethered solutions. Here we report a wireless, real-time pressure monitoring system with passive, flexible, millimetre-scale sensors, scaled down to unprecedented dimensions of 1 × 1 × 0.1 cubic millimeters. This level of dimensional scaling is enabled by novel sensor design and detection schemes, which overcome the operating frequency limits of traditional strategies and exhibit insensitivity to lossy tissue environments. We demonstrate the use of this system to capture human pulse waveforms wirelessly in real time as well as to monitor in vivo intracranial pressure continuously in proof-of-concept mice studies using sensors down to 2.5 × 2.5 × 0.1 cubic millimeters. We further introduce printable wireless sensor arrays and show their use in real-time spatial pressure mapping. Looking forward, this technology has broader applications in continuous wireless monitoring of multiple physiological parameters for biomedical research and patient care.
Pocket mobile smartphone system for the point-of-care submandibular ultrasonography.

Abstract Background Focused ultrasonography of the airway may be useful in the prediction of difficult intubation. The wider use of sonography in quantitative airway assessment may depend on the availability of highly portable, inexpensive, and accurate ultrasound systems. Pocket-sized ultrasound devices are emerging as a useful tool for point-of-care ultrasonography. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suprahyoid airway of healthy volunteers using a smartphone-based ultrasound imaging system in comparison with a platform-based machine. Methods Mobisante MobiUS SP1 system with 2 mechanical sector (3.5 and 7.5 MHz) probes was used to acquire images of the tongue and measure the diameter of the hyomental muscle in the mouth floor. In the same group of subjects, imaging and measurements were repeated using BK Medical Flex Focus 400 ultrasound system with linear (18 MHz ) and curved 5 (MHz) transducers. The MobiUS system was also used to image plastic cylinders and procedure needles embedded in tofu bars. Outside diameters of cylinders were measured using digital calipers and sonography. Results The mean diameter of the hyomental muscle in 10 healthy volunteers was 7.22 ± 1.6 mm using BK 18 MHz probe, 7.11 ± 1.7 mm using MobiUS 7.5 MHz probe, and 7.84 ± 2 mm using MobiUS 3.5 MHz probe. These means were not statistically different (BK vs Mo 7.5, P = .74, and BK vs Mo 3.5, P = .13). The mean outside diameter of plastic cylinders measured with digital calipers was 10.1 ± 0.2 mm (n = 5) vs 9.8 ± 0.3 mm and 10.2 ± 0.2 mm using 3.5 and 7.5 MHz probes, respectively. These means were not statistically different (calipers vs Mo 3.5, P = .16 and calipers vs Mo 7.5, P = .39). Conclusion Mobisante MobiUS system was able to acquire clinically useful images of the suprahyoid airway and muscular architecture in the mouth floor and allowed accurate measurements of linear distances.
Crystal structure of the amino-terminal coiled-coil domain of the APC tumor suppressor.

Coiled coils serve as dimerization domains for a wide variety of proteins, including the medically important oligomeric tumor suppressor protein, APC. Mutations in the APC gene are associated with an inherited susceptibility to colon cancer and with ∼75 % of sporadic colorectal tumors. To define the basis for APC pairing and to explore the anatomy of dimeric coiled coils, we determined the 2.4 A resolution X-ray crystal structure of the N-terminal dimerization domain of APC. The peptide APC-55, encompassing the heptad repeats in APC residues 2–55, primarily forms an α-helical, coiled-coil dimer with newly observed core packing features. Correlated asymmetric packing of four core residues in distinct, standard rotamers is associated with a small shift in the helix register. At the C terminus, the helices splay apart and interact with a symmetry-related dimer in the crystal to form a short, anti-parallel, four-helix bundle. N-terminal fraying and C-terminal splaying of the helices, as well as the asymmetry and helix register shift describe unprecedented dynamic excursions of coiled coils. The low stability of APC-55 and divergence from the expected coiled-coil fold support the suggestion that the APC dimerization domain may extend beyond the first 55 residues.
Derrida's language-games

In previous essays (1973, 1975, 1977) I have praised Derrida's contributions to philosophical dialogue and also insisted on their limitations. The considerations raised in this present essay do not lead me to a position that is less ambivalent. Philosophy is a particular language-game. Like any other, it has its constitutive rules; or, perhaps better: its practice has certain distinctive features by means of which we recognize philosophizing and distinguish it from other linguistic activities. None of this can be set down in the form of necessary and sufficient conditions, and there always will be large areas of controversy about the paradigms themselves. Nonetheless there are philosophers, and they generally acknowledge Plato, Aristotle, Leibniz, Hume, and even some of their colleagues as also being philosophers. This acknowledgement holds even where there is philosophical disagreement - as must inevitably be the case, in view of the dialogical character of philosophical discourse. Derrida occasionally enters into the dialogue, as do many others - poets, novelists, critics, diplomats, attorneys, cooks, barbers, and babysitters. These occasional contributions to philosophical dialogue differ in focus, in style, and in lack of self-referentiality from the works which constitute the main corpus of philosophy. Some might wish to say, as if the matter were paradoxical, that such contributions are both philosophical and not philosophical, or that they are neither philosophy nor not-philosophy. That might be as good a thing to say as anything. The practice of philosophy is complex and has many levels. Those who are acknowledged as its finest practitioners have a focus, a style, and a respect for where questions begin and end. Derrida does not share these qualities, and does not care to share them. That is no reason to ignore his work, but it is sufficient to explain why philosophers do not recognize it as a contribution to the central corpus of philosophy.
Optimized parametrization of systems of incidences between rigid bodies

Graphs of pairwise incidences between collections of rigid bodies occur in many practical applications and give rise to large algebraic systems for which all solutions have to be found. Such pairwise incidences have explicit, simple and rational parametrizations that, in principle, allow us to partially resolve these systems and arrive at a reduced, parametrized system in terms of the rational parameters. However, the choice of incidences and the partial order of incidence resolution strongly determine the algebraic complexity of the reduced, parametrized system-measured primarily in the number of variables and secondarily in the degree of the equations. Using a pairwise overlap graph, we introduce a combinatorial class of incidence tree parametrizations for a collection of rigid bodies. Minimizing the algebraic complexity over this class reduces this to a purely combinatorial optimization problem that is a special case of the set cover problem. We quantify the exact improvement of algebraic complexity obtained by optimization and illustrate the improvement by examples that cannot be solved without optimization. Since incidence trees represent only a subclass of possible parametrizations, we characterize when optimizing over this class is useful. That is, we show what properties of standard collections of rigid bodies are necessary for an optimal incidence tree to have minimal algebraic complexity. For a standard collection of rigid bodies, the optimal incidence tree parametrization offers lower algebraic complexity than any other known parametrization.
The tongue-tied chameleon: The role of nonconscious mimicry in the behavioral confirmation process

Abstract The current study examines whether mimicry of negative behaviors occurs in ongoing social interactions, and whether mimicry may be a process through which one person's negative expectations lead to another person's expectancy-consistent behaviors. Using a simulated phone interview, applicant participants heard questions from an interviewer in either a neutral or negative tone of voice. Audio-recordings of applicant responses were transcribed to remove all tone information, and coders assessed applicant performance. Audio-recordings were subjected to a low-pass filter to remove recognizable words but retain vocal tone, and different coders assessed applicant tone of voice. Evidence of both behavioral mimicry and expectancy-consistent performance was found. Importantly, interviewer tone had a significant indirect effect on applicant performance through its influence on applicant tone. Nonconscious behavioral mimicry of negative behaviors occurs in social interactions, is not always associated with positive outcomes, and serves as a process through which behavioral confirmation can occur.
Inpatient cocaine abusers: an analysis of psychological and demographic variables.

One hundred cocaine abusers were evaluated with a full battery of psychological tests (Shipley Institute of Living Scale, MMPI, Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, Rorschach, Beck Depression Inventory) by Norman J. Lesswing, Ph.D. These patients were treated in a 6-week program on a chemical dependency unit at the Benjamin Rush Center in Syracuse, New York, from 1984 to 1986. Information was gathered across a wide range of demographic and clinical variables (age, sex, marital status, race, education, family history, and cross addiction), and psychological features (MMPI profile types, intellectual functioning, personality disorders, depression ratings, and Rorschach variables). Results are presented through comprehensive description of the sample across these patient and psychometric characteristics with use of summary statistics. Support was not found for the notion that cocaine abusers are self-medicating affective disorders, but evidence for high frequency of personality disorders was revealed. Cross addiction and abuse of alcohol and other substances were very frequent.
Phototherapy for Neonatal Jaundice: in Vivo Clearance of Bilirubin Photoproducts

ABSTRACT: Phototherapy results in the conversion of native bilirubin to more water-soluble configurational and structural isomers. The serum half-life for the configurational isomer, the principal photoproduct in vivo, was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography in six premature infants following cessation of phototherapy. The mean half-life for this isomer was 15 h. The excretion of this isomer, calculated from the measured half-life, is less than half of daily bilirubin production, and therefore cannot account for the total bilirubin elimination observed during phototherapy. The serum concentration of the structural isomer, lumirubin, is lower than that of the configurational isomer; however, excretion is more rapid (serum half-life < 2 h). Because of its rapid excretion, lumirubin may be an important pathway for bilirubin elimination during phototherapy.
Spared-root deafferentation of a cat's hindlimb: hierarchical regulation of pathways mediating recovery of motor behavior

Previous studies showed that after complete hindlimb deafferentation in cats, the ipsilateral descending pathways mediated recovery of overground, goal-directed locomotion and accurate placement of the deafferented limb. In the present study deafferentations sparing one dorsal root (L6) were performed to see if the descending systems would still be responsible for the recovery. The partially deafferented hindlimb is initially impaired in postural reflexes and accurate placement during locomotion but considerable recovery occurs. A similar pattern of severe impairment and subsequent recovery is observed in cats in which the only lesion is L1 hemisection. When a hemisection is added 6 months later to chronic spared-root deafferentation the recovery (from the latter lesion) is temporarily reversed but the animals recover again in a fashion similar to that after hemisection alone. Since there is no recovery of overground locomotion when hemisection is added to complete deafferentation but there is when deafferentation is incomplete, the descending pathways apparently are not responsible for maintaining the recovery when one dorsal root is spared as they are when all are cut. The results suggest that a competitive or hierarchical control over residual systems may regulate recovery of motor function.
Genome-wide analysis of thylakoid-bound ribosomes in maize reveals principles of cotranslational targeting to the thylakoid membrane.

Chloroplast genomes encode ∼37 proteins that integrate into the thylakoid membrane. The mechanisms that target these proteins to the membrane are largely unexplored. We used ribosome profiling to provide a comprehensive, high-resolution map of ribosome positions on chloroplast mRNAs in separated membrane and soluble fractions in maize seedlings. The results show that translation invariably initiates off the thylakoid membrane and that ribosomes synthesizing a subset of membrane proteins subsequently become attached to the membrane in a nuclease-resistant fashion. The transition from soluble to membrane-attached ribosomes occurs shortly after the first transmembrane segment in the nascent peptide has emerged from the ribosome. Membrane proteins whose translation terminates before emergence of a transmembrane segment are translated in the stroma and targeted to the membrane posttranslationally. These results indicate that the first transmembrane segment generally comprises the signal that links ribosomes to thylakoid membranes for cotranslational integration. The sole exception is cytochrome f, whose cleavable N-terminal cpSecA-dependent signal sequence engages the thylakoid membrane cotranslationally. The distinct behavior of ribosomes synthesizing the inner envelope protein CemA indicates that sorting signals for the thylakoid and envelope membranes are distinguished cotranslationally. In addition, the fractionation behavior of ribosomes in polycistronic transcription units encoding both membrane and soluble proteins adds to the evidence that the removal of upstream ORFs by RNA processing is not typically required for the translation of internal genes in polycistronic chloroplast mRNAs.
X. Matrix theory of multiconductor transmission lines

(1937). X. Matrix theory of multiconductor transmission lines. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 24, No. 159, pp. 97-113.
Life-Cycle Analysis of Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Anaerobic Biodegradation of Municipal Solid Waste

Energy requirements and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for current landfilling of municipal solid waste (MSW) was compared to potential biodegradation of MSW in anaerobic digesters (AD) throughout the United States. A hybrid life-cycle analysis was completed to assess the potential for anaerobic biodegradation of MSW to methane, a valuable energy source. Conversion of MSW to methane in AD would generate a form of renewable energy, reduce GHG emissions, and save landfill space for nonbiodegradable materials. Based on laboratory- and pilot-scale studies conducted in the United States, full-scale data from facilities in Europe, and economic input-output life-cycle analysis, the annual 127 million t of MSW landfilled in the United States could be biologically converted to 5.9 billion m 3 of methane. Net methane production would have an estimated value of $1.5 billion/year when converted to an equivalent amount of electricity at an assumed value of $0.1/kWh. The 15 billion kWh/year of renewable energy released through the biodegradation process is estimated to satisfy the annual consumption of 1.3 million United States households. The analysis also suggests that diversion of MSW from landfills to AD systems would result in GHG emissions reductions of 146 million t CO 2 e per year, due to decreased landfill activity and use of biogenic methane instead of fossil fuel for electricity production. This represents a reduction in total emissions of 1.9% compared to U.S. GHG emissions in 2006. Nationwide AD systems are projected to reduce cumulative energy consumption by nearly 15 million TJ and reduce GHG emissions by 7.2 billion t CO 2 e, over a 50-year period. Logistics and capital costs of developing a nationwide reactor-based system for MSW management are considerable. Development of appropriate national policy and incentives would be needed to stimulate such a transition from the current landfill-based system that currently exists. It is estimated that a carbon emissions credit on the order of $30 to $60/t CO 2 e would facilitate break-even economics for nationwide implementation of AD systems. Alternatively, renewable energy credits would enhance the value of electricity produced from AD biogas. Carbon emissions taxes on landfills would further improve the economics of AD systems.
Anaphylactoid purpura: Streptococcal antibody titers and β1c-globulin levels

Evidence for antecedent group A streptococcal infection was sought in 33 patients with anaphylactoid purpura. Serum levels of β 1c -globulin were determined. Histologic and immunofluorescent studies were performed on 13 kidney biopsies obtained from patients with anaphylactoid nephritis. Elevated titers for the ASO, anti-DNase B, or anti-NADase were present in about one third of the patient population. The incidence of elevated titers as well as the geometric means of the antibody titers for either the whole group of patients with anaphylactoid purpura or the group of patients with anaphylactoid nephritis were not significantly different from the matched normal control population. β 1c -globulin levels were in the normal range. Renal biopsies showed histologic changes and immunofluorescent reactions to γ-globulin, β 1c , and fibrin of varying degrees of severity and intensity. The data obtained do not support a causal relationship between group A streptococcal infection and anaphylactoid purpura.
Relationships of autotrophic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria to marine salts

Abstract Autotrophic ammonium-oxidizing cultures were obtained from fresh, estuarine and littoral waters and tested for responses to marine salts. Some of the cultures did not require the salts for growth, whereas others failed to develop in their absence. Different degrees of salt tolerance were noted among the non-requiring group.
Estimation of regional terrestrial water cycle using multi-sensor remote sensing observations and data assimilation

Abstract An integrated data assimilation system is implemented over the Red-Arkansas river basin to estimate the regional scale terrestrial water cycle driven by multiple satellite remote sensing data. These satellite products include the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM), TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI), and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Also, a number of previously developed assimilation techniques, including the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), the particle filter (PF), the water balance constrainer, and the copula error model, and as well as physically based models, including the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC), the Land Surface Microwave Emission Model (LSMEM), and the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS), are tested in the water budget estimation experiments. This remote sensing based water budget estimation study is evaluated using ground observations driven model simulations. It is found that the land surface model driven by the bias-corrected TRMM rainfall produces reasonable water cycle states and fluxes, and the estimates are moderately improved by assimilating TMI 10.67 GHz microwave brightness temperature measurements that provides information on the surface soil moisture state, while it remains challenging to improve the results by assimilating evapotranspiration estimated from satellite-based measurements.
EWD1300: The Notational Conventions I Adopted, and Why

At a given moment, the concept of polite mathematics emerged, the underlying idea of which is that, even if you have only 60 readers, it pays to spend an hour if by doing so you can save your average reader a minute. By inventing an idealized ‘average reader’, we could translate most of the lofty, human goal of politeness into more or less formal criteria we could apply to our texts. This note is devoted to the resulting notational and stylistic conventions that were adopted as the years went by. We don't want to baffle or puzzle our reader, in particular it should be clear what has to be done to check our argument and it should be possible to do so without pencil and paper. This dictates small, explicit steps. On the other hand it is well known that brevity is the leading characteristic of mathematical elegance, and some fear that this ideal excludes the small, explicit steps, but one of the joys of my professional life has been the discovery that this fear is unfounded, for brevity can be achieved without committing the sin of omission. I should point out that my ideal of crisp clarity is not universally shared. Some consider the puzzles that are created by their omissions as spicy challenges, without which their texts would be boring; others shun clarity lest their work is considered trivial.
Effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on fracture healing: A laboratory study in rats

We studied the effects of two nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on fracture healing in rats: ibuprofen (30 mg/kg/day) and indomethacin (1 mg/kg/day). Femoral fractures were induced via a three-point bending technique. NSAIDs were administered orally for 4 or 12 weeks. Control animals received no medication. In each group a minimum of six animals were killed at the following intervals: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks postfracture. Fracture healing was determined by mechanical testing and histologic evaluation. The bending strength of each fractured femur was expressed as a percentage of the strength of the intact, contralateral femur. Histologic evaluation was performed on serial longitudinal sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin using a qualitative score of maturity of the callus. Ibuprofen and indomethacin both retarded fracture healing, with significant differences in "mechanical healing" found between the control and experimental groups after 10 weeks of drug administration. Both drugs also induced qualitative histologic changes manifested by delayed maturation of callus, which was noticeable earlier than the difference found by mechanical testing of bone. Our data suggest that NSAIDs have an inhibitory effect on fracture repair that is reversible after cessation of indomethacin but not ibuprofen.
Pigmented villonodular synovitis of the temporomandibular joint: Case report and review of the literature

Background We present a case of a 51-year-old male patient with pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the left temporomandibular joint (TMJ) that initially presented as a slow-growing left facial mass. Upon further workup, a contrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrated an expansile soft tissue mass in the left TMJ. Methods The lesion was diagnosed through fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The patient was treated with resection of the TMJ, temporal bone, and root of the zygoma. A temporalis muscle and temporoparietal fascia flap was used for reconstruction to fill the defect and provide contour. Results Postoperatively, the patient has been tumor free with excellent cosmesis. Our case demonstrates a very successful outcome. Conclusion Previous literature has also reported that complete excision is an ideal procedure for PVNS of TMJ, but temporalis rotational flap use has been rare. This case and previously reported cases in the literature are also reviewed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: E194–E199, 2015
Evidence for an essential role of cyclooxygenase-2 as a mediator of the late phase of ischemic preconditioning in mice

Recent studies have demonstrated that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an essential mediator of the cardioprotective effects of the late phase of ischemic preconditioning (PC) in rabbits. The goal of this study was to determine whether COX-2 also plays an essential role in late PC in the mouse. B6129F2/J mice underwent a 30-min coronary occlusion followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Administration of the COX-2 selective inhibitor, NS-398, 30 min prior to the 30-min occlusion (5 mg/kg i.p.) had no appreciable effect on infarct size compared with untreated controls (58.8 ± 2.1%, vs. 58.8 ± 4.3% of the risk region, respectively). When mice were preconditioned with six cycles of 4-min coronary occlusion/4-min reperfusion 24 h prior to the 30-min occlusion, infarct size was markedly reduced (19.3 ± 3.4%), indicating a late PC effect. The protective effect of late PC was completely abrogated by administration of NS-398 30 min before the 30-min coronary occlusion (67.7 ± 3.0%), but not by administration of vehicle alone (23.6 ± 3.7%). These results indicate that COX-2 mediates the late phase of ischemic PC in the mouse and imply that the role of this enzyme in cardioprotection is not species-specific.
Force extension analysis of Avena coleoptile cell walls

A method is described for measuring the cell wall mechanical properties of Avena coleoptiles in the absence of turgor stress or influences of a living protoplast. Forceextension curves obtained with a constant-rate-of-extension instrument and standard fiber-testing techniques demonstrate the permanence of cell wall loosening effects of prior indoleacetic acid (IAA) treatment of living tissue and provide evidence that these changes involve interactions between cell wall polymers. By this method various chemical and enzymatic modifications of cell walls can be evaluated in terms of altered mechanical properties. Thus, it was possible to remove over 97% of the cell nitrogen (including some hydroxyproline-containing protein) by hot methanol followed by enzymatic treatment and not change the extensibility properties of the tissue. In contrast, coleoptile mechanical properties were markedly influenced by chemical acetylation procedures or cellulase treatment.