cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tenuous Connections in Impure Communities

I want to engage Chris Cuomo's theoretico-practical path at a point that strikes me as crucial, as I am holding the multitude of lines of reflection and praxical commitments that she considers attentively in the fashioning of her path. I find myself both taken by the fragility of the moment of action in this path as expressed in Feminism and Ecological Communities (1998), and troubled by the rhetorical space1 within which the central action guiding concept, flourishing, is constructed. I am clear that the concept of flourishing does not give rise to a precise general normative claim, and its openendedness and flexibility are certainly welcome. Cuomo makes clear that "the sentence, 'Allow entities with dynamic charm to flourish,' is not an ultimate principleÂ—it is a value-laden guideline" (p. 78). Since the fragility of nonsubjected subjectivity in the midst of unfreedom is central in my understanding of my own theoretico-praxical path, I certainly welcome an unruly ethics since ruliness in ethics has been integral to the ideological construction of unfreedom. I myself am concerned with the possibility of the development of relationality among subjected subjects towards a nonsubjected subjectivity. This is a tenuous possibility that is thoroughly unnatural because it resides in resistance to an almost irresistible domination that orders desires to its own ends. Cuomo identifies "dynamic charm" as internal. Although that which moves the resistance to domination may be thought of as "internal," its sense defies the inside/outside dichotomy; it is ungraspable but most importantly unbuildable, just "from the inside." The impetus to resistÂ—I want to mark and retain this aspect of "dynamic charm"Â—is an impetus to negotiate environments produced by a subjection of living beings in the grips of and in creative tension with relations power. The environments
Latinos' sources of medication and medication information in the United States and their home countries

Abstract Objective The objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate what predisposing, enabling, and need factors are related to the purchase of medicines from “tiendas” and other countries and (2) to describe who Latinos typically receive medication information from in the United States and their home countries. In the United States, Latino grocery stores are referred to as “tiendas”. Methods Individuals were eligible to participate if they: were age 18 and over, self-identified as being Latino, and they or their children were currently taking prescription medications. Ninety-three individuals were interviewed in Spanish. Results Forty-two percent of participants reported purchasing medicine in “tiendas” but only 5.4% reported that “tiendas” were their usual source of medicine. Ninety-one percent of individuals used U.S. pharmacies as their usual source of medicines. Individuals with health insurance were significantly less likely to have purchased medicine at a “tienda” (odds ratio = 0.16, 95% confidence interval = 0.03, 0.86). Thirty percent of individuals reported buying medicines in another country to bring back to the U.S. for their use. The most commonly purchased medicines included: antibiotics, vitamins, pain medicine, and herbal medicine. The Latinos in this sample preferred to receive verbal information about medications from their physicians (75.3%) followed by pharmacists (16.1%). Conclusion Despite the fact that the overwhelming majority of Latino patients reported using pharmacies as their usual source of medication, many participants reported having purchased medications from “tiendas” and other countries. Practice implications Providers need to make sure to ask patients from all ethnic backgrounds about all medicines they are taking, especially those purchased in “tiendas” or other countries.
The ISO 26000 guidance on social responsibility international standard: what are the business governance implications?

Purpose – On November 1, 2010, the Geneva‐based International Organization for Standardization (ISO) launched ISO 26000:2010, Guidance on Social Responsibility (hereafter ISO SR international standard), a document that integrates international expertise on the concept of the social responsibility of organizations in society. The purpose of this paper is to identify and critically analyze the reasons for and against business enterprises implementing the ISO 26000 SR international standard.Design/methodology/approach – This analysis identifies the following reasons for business enterprises to implement the ISO SR international standard: first, the positive image of ISO as a globally reputable and credible organization for establishing international technical standards; second, the development of an international consensus among stakeholders regarding the definition and objectives of social responsibility as it pertains to the economic, environmental, and social impacts of business enterprises on society and...
Abuse pattern of gestational toluene exposure alters behavior in rats in a “waiting-for-reward” task

Toluene abuse during pregnancy is a world-wide public health concern although the neurobehavioral teratogenic effects of toluene at the high concentrations and binge-like exposure patterns typical of abuse remain understudied. We assessed the effects of binge prenatal toluene exposure on behavior reflective of impulsivity in rat offspring using a "waiting-for-reward" operant task. Timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 15 min, twice daily, from gestational day (GD) 8 through GD20 to either air, 8000 ppm, 12,000 ppm or 16,000 ppm toluene in a static exposure system. At postnatal day 60, male and female offspring were trained to stable lever pressing in a standard fixed-ratio 50 (FR50) paradigm. A wait requirement was then introduced such that after each FR completion, a "free" pellet was delivered at increasing time intervals (2 s, 4 s, 6 s, etc.) until the rat pressed another lever which reinstated the FR50 component ("FR Reset"). A pattern of increased FR Resets and fewer total pellets received overall and during the wait component is interpretable as "impulsivity." The "wait" component assessment was repeated after the rats had been injected with varying doses of amphetamine. Consistent with our hypotheses, repeated binge prenatal toluene exposure appeared to increase impulsivity based upon decreases in the total number of free pellets received and mean waiting time. However, a toluene dose-dependent decrease in the number of FR Resets and in response rates under all conditions indicated there was a general impairment in performance in rats exposed prenatally to higher doses of toluene. Also, prenatal exposure to 12,000 ppm and 16,000 ppm toluene resulted in a hyposensitivity to the stimulatory effects of the amphetamine challenge in male rats. For female rats, amphetamine further interfered with performance on the task. These results suggest that acute binge prenatal toluene exposure alters performance in this task but the results are not consistent with increased impulsivity or impaired behavioral inhibition. These outcomes in young adult rats also suggest that there may be long-term behavioral deficits due to prenatal toluene exposure.
Lincoln Laboratory millimeter-wave synthetic aperture radar imaging system

The Lincoln Laboratory millimeter-wave Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging system is part of a DARPA-funded program that was established at Lincoln Laboratory to investigate the detection and classification of stationary targets using ultra-high resolution, fully polarimetric SAR and Real Aperture Radar (RAR) data. The system consists of an airborne radar that operates at 33.56 GHz. The raw radar data are recorded on high density digital tapes that are sent to the Radar Data Analysis Center, which is located at Lincoln Laboratory in Lexington, MA. This center processes the data to create calibrated SAR and RAR images. The Radar Data Analysis Center consists of a number of major data processing elements: an image formation processor, an archival storage and retrieval system, and a cluster of computer systems used for data analysis. In order to accomplish the goals of the DARPA program, it is essential that the radar data be very carefully calibrated. The calibration process consists of three major steps: (1) An internally-generated calibration pulse is inserted into the radar receiver at the front end. (2) Calibration targets (dihedrals and trihedrals) deployed on the ground are measured by the radar from the air. (3) Special calibration processing software uses the measurements from (1) and (2) to achieve polairmetric calibration. This paper will describe the airborne radar, the ground processing facility, and the calibration process. Recent SAR images, generated from airborne measurements, of ground clutter and selected urban areas will be presented. The images were generated using the polarimetric whitening filter (PWF), a novel processing technique developed at Lincoln Laboratory. The PWF process exploits the polarimetric measurement capability of the radar to create imagery the is nearly optical in quality.
Teaching clinical problem solving: a preceptor's guide.

Purpose Instructional methods to help pharmacists succeed in their growing role in practice-based teaching are discussed, with an emphasis on techniques for fulfilling the four key preceptor roles. Summary The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) and other organizations advocate ongoing efforts to develop the teaching skills of clinician–educators serving as preceptors to pharmacy students and residents. The broad model of teaching clinical problem solving recommended by ASHP emphasizes the creative and flexible application of the four major preceptor roles: (1) direct instruction, (2) modeling, (3) coaching, and (4) facilitating. A variety of teaching methods used in the fields of medicine and nursing that can also be adopted by practice-based pharmacy educators are presented; in particular, the advantages and disadvantages of various case-presentation formats (e.g., One-Minute Preceptor, SNAPPS, patient-witnessed teaching, “Aunt Minnie,” “think-aloud”) are reviewed. Other topics discussed include the appropriate use of questioning as an educational tool, strategies for providing constructive feedback, teaching learners to self-evaluate their skills and progress, and integrating residents into teaching activities. Conclusion The ASHP-recommended approach to teaching clinical problem-solving skills can be applied within the educational frameworks provided by schools of pharmacy as well as pharmacy residency programs. A wide range of validated teaching strategies can be used to tailor learning experiences to individual learner needs while meeting overall program goals and objectives.
Quantitation of plasmid DNA deposited on gold particles for particle-mediated epidermal delivery using ICP-MS

DNA-plasmid-based vaccines are a promising class of next generation therapeutics. Particle-mediated epidermal delivery is an attractive method for the administration of DNA plasmid vaccines. This technology utilizes minute quantities of DNA plasmid which have been deposited onto the surface of 2-3-microm gold particles, and so the development of this technology requires the use of analytical methods that can accurately quantitate the amount of the DNA on the particle. Spectroscopic methods are generally insufficient for this task due to interference from the gold particle. ICP-MS circumvents this issue while allowing for the sensitive, reproducible, and accurate determination of the quantity of DNA on the particle surface. This report will detail the development and application of such a method.
Cloning and characterization of homeologous cellulose synthase catalytic subunit 2 genes from allotetraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Cellulose synthase catalytic subunits (CesAs) are the catalytic sites within a multisubunit complex for cellulose biosynthesis in plants. CesAs have been extensively studied in diploid plants, but are not well characterized in polyploid plants. Gossypium hirsutum is an allotetraploid cotton species producing over 90% of the world's cotton fibers. Although G. hirsutum CesAs (GhCesAs) are responsible for cellulose production in cotton fiber, very limited numbers of GhCesA genes have been identified. Here, we report isolating and characterizing a pair of homeologous CesA2 genes and their full-length cDNAs from allotetraploid cotton. The GhCesA2-A(T) gene from the A-subgenome and GhCesA2-D(T) gene from the D-subgenome were screened from a G. hirsutum BAC library. These genes shared 92% sequence similarity throughout the entire sequence. The coding sequences were nearly identical, and the deduced amino acid sequences from GhCesA2-A(T) (1,039 amino acids) and GhCesA2-D(T) (1,040 amino acids) were identical except four amino acids, whereas the noncoding sequences showed divergence. Sequence analyses showed that all exons of GhCesA2-A(T) contained consensus splice donor dinucleotides, but one exon in GhCesA2-D(T) contained nonconsensus splice donor dinucleotides. Although the nonconsensus splice donor dinucleotides were previously suggested to be involved in alternative splice or pseudogenization, our results showed that a majority of GhCesA2-A(T) and GhCesA2-D(T) transcripts consisted of functional and full-length transcripts with little evidence for alternative mRNA isoforms in developing cotton fibers. Expression analyses showed that GhCesA2-A(T) and GhCesA2-D(T) shared common temporal and spatial expression patterns, and they were highly and preferentially expressed during the cellulose biosynthesis stage in developing cotton fibers. The observations of higher expression levels of both GhCesA2-A(T) and GhCesA2-D(T) in developing fibers of one near-isogenic line (NIL) with higher fiber bundle strength over the other NIL with lower fiber bundle strength suggested that the differential expression of genes associated with secondary cell wall cellulose biosynthesis in developing fiber might affect cotton fiber properties.
Modifying SQP for Degenerate Problems

Most local convergence analyses of the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) algorithm for nonlinear programming make strong assumptions about the solution, namely, that the active constraint gradients are linearly independent and that there are no weakly active constraints. In this paper, we establish a framework for variants of SQP that retain the characteristic superlinear convergence rate even when these assumptions are relaxed, proving general convergence results and placing some recently proposed SQP variants in this framework. We discuss the reasons for which implementations of SQP often continue to exhibit good local convergence behavior even when the assumptions commonly made in the analysis are violated. Finally, we describe a new algorithm that formalizes and extends standard SQP implementation techniques, and we prove convergence results for this method also.
Genetic control of serotonin uptake in blood platelets: A twin study

Abstract Platelet serotonin (5HT) uptake was studied in 13 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins, 13 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins, and 14 pairs of unrelated normal volunteers. Significant intraclass correlations (ICC) in the affinity ( K m ) of 5HT uptake in the blood platelets of MZ and DZ twins and unrelated pairs were found. However, the ICC for maximum velocity ( V max ) was significant only in MZ and DZ twins. The ICC of the V max of 5HT uptake of MZ twins was significantly greater than that of DZ twins and unrelated pairs. This suggests that the V max of 5HT uptake in blood platelets is , in part, heritable. Thus, low platelet 5HT uptake ( V max ) in major depression and other disorders may be genetically determined.
Arthropod communities on creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) in desert patches of varying degrees of urbanization

The goal of the present study was to investigate the influence of urbanization on the richness, abundance and composition of arthropod communities associated with creosote bush, Larrea tridentata [DC] Cov., in Phoenix, Arizona. Arthropod communities were sampled in two desert types varying in degree of urbanization including fringe deserts (relatively undisturbed expanses of desert outside of Phoenix) and urban deserts (patches of desert within the urban core of Phoenix). Two studies were conducted including (1) a seasonal study (conducted at two fringe desert and two urban desert sites over a nine-month period), and (2) a snapshot study (conducted at multiple fringe desert and urban desert sites over an eight-day period). Results from both studies demonstrated that overall richness and abundance of creosote bush arthropod communities were lower in urban deserts than in fringe deserts. Additionally, creosote bush arthropod community composition varied greatly, both temporally and spatially. These differences in richness and abundance between fringe deserts and urban deserts suggest that the creosote bush arthropod community may be a useful focal biotic community to monitor when assaying for environmental change due to urbanization in arid habitats.
Rapid measurement of monod half-velocity coefficients for bacterial kinetics

The common methods for measuring Monod half-velocity coefficients are reviewed. All methods have serious disadvantages for obtaining rapid and accurate measurements whether batch-fed or continuous-fed systems are used. An “infinite dilution” technique is described that overcomes these difficulties. Data obtained by this method for autotrophic oxidation of NO2− and NH4+gave 20°C, pH 7.0, K3 values of 0.07 mg NO2−-N/liter and 0.50 mg NH4±N/liter, respectively.
A simple proof of Tychonoff's theorem via nets

(1992). A Simple Proof of Tychonoff's Theorem Via Nets. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 99, No. 10, pp. 932-934.
The hafnium paradox and the role of garnet in the source of mid-ocean-ridge basalts

MID-OCEAN-RIDGE basalts (MORBs) are thought to result from melting in the mantle at depths of less than 60 km, in the spinel stability field1–3. MORBs have 176Hf/177Hf ratios indicating derivation from a mantle reservoir with a long-term Lu/Hf ratio greater than that of Cl chondrite meteorites, yet the measured Lu/Hf ratios in MORB are lower than in Cl chondrites: this is the 'hafnium paradox'4. Here we show that the Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd systematics of MORBs require garnet to be a residual phase in MORB melt genesis. This places the onset of melting beneath a mid-ocean ridge at depths greater than 80 km. A sequential melting model, in which melting starts in the garnet stability field and then continues at shallower levels, best explains the combined Nd and Hf isotope systematics, and is compatible with our present geophysical and geochemical knowledge of mid-ocean-ridge magmatism.
Numerical Modeling of Severe Local Storms

Numerical modeling of clouds is as old as computers capable of solving discrete versions of the fundamental dynamical equations. With the limited memories and computer power available in the 1960s and 1970s, most modelers employed two-dimensional slab or axisymmetric approximations to study convective dynamics (e.g., Lilly 1962; Ogura and Charney 1962; Orville 1968; Takeda 1971; Wilhelmson and Ogura 1972; Hane 1973; Soong and Ogura 1973; Schlesinger 1973; Soong 1974). The slab models represented the convective growth of infinitely long convective bands forming in environments with or without vertical wind shear, while the axisymmetric simulations were constrained to shearless environments. However, as computer power grew and vector computers were developed (e.g., the CRAY 7600 and the succeeding CRAY computers; Kaufmann and Smarr 1993), it became possible to solve the three-dimensional equations of motion on relatively coarse-mesh grids (e.g., Steiner 1973; Deardorff 1972; Wilhelmson 1974; Schlesinger 1975; Klemp and Wilhelmson 1978b).
FLT3 inhibitors in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia: The start of an Era?

Despite recent modest improvements in the chemotherapy regimens used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML), many patients diagnosed with AML ultimately die of the disease. Commonly occurring genetic alterations have been identified that strongly affect the prognosis for patients with AML. These alterations represent possible targets for investigational therapies that could act to specifically halt the aberrant growth of AML cells while limiting damage to normal cells. One such gene is the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene, which is mutated in approximately 30% of adult patients with AML and has a significant impact on prognosis. In particular, internal tandem duplications in FLT3 confer a poor prognosis to this large subgroup of patients with AML. Agents that target FLT3 are in development for the treatment of patients who have AML and offer a potential paradigm change in the current standard treatment of AML. For this report, the authors reviewed the prognostic significance of genetic alterations observed in AML with a focus on the therapeutic implications of targeting FLT3. The introduction of such agents may be the next major step toward the era of personalized therapy in AML.
Cyclic AMP inhibition of protein kinase activity in HeLa 65 plasma membranes.

Abstract Protein kinase activity was found associated with isolated HeLa 65 plasma membranes. This Mg++ dependent kinase activity was found to be inhibited by 10−4 M cyclic AMP, 2 × 10−2 M NaF and 2 × 10−2 M theophylline. The product of the endogenous phosphorylation was a protein, which was phosphorylated on serine residues. The in vivo phosphorylation of HeLa 65 cell plasma membrane was negligible in G1 and highest in the S phase of the cell cycle. There was no significant difference in kinase activity of isolated plasma membranes from M, G1, or S phase cells. Thus cyclic AMP inhibition of plasma membrane kinase during G1 may be physiologically important.
The neuronal architecture of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat in the region of the cochlear nerve root: Horseradish peroxidase labelling of identified cell types

Golgi impregnations of the posterior part of the cat's anteroventral cochlear nucleus have revealed two types of neurons, bushy cells with short bush-like dendrites and stellate cells with long, tapered processes; Nissl stains have revealed globular and multipolar cell bodies with dispersed and clumped ribosomal patterns, respectively. In the present study, we injected horseradish peroxidase into the trapezoid body. Ipsilaterally, retrograde, diffuse labelling of neurons, presumably through damaged fibers, yielded Golgi-like profiles of numerous bushy cells with typical dendrites and with thick axons projecting toward the trapezoid body. Stellate cells were almost never labelled in this way. Anterograde diffuse labelling of thick axons demonstrated calyx endings in the contralateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. In the electron-microscope, the perikarya of diffusely-filled bushy neurons were found to have the dispersed ribosomal pattern and the kinds of synaptic endings typical of globular cells, including large profiles of end-bulbs from cochlear nerve axons. After injections restricted to the medial trapezoid nucleus, granularly-labelled cells in the cochlear nucleus were almost completely confined to the contralateral side; Nissl counterstaining showed them to be globular cells in the posterior part of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus. After larger injections, involving surrounding regions of the superior olivary complex, granular labelling occurred throughout the ventral cochlear nucleus on both sides. There is also evidence that stellate cells in Golgi impregnations correspond to multipolar cell bodies in Nissl stains. We conclude that bushy cells typically correspond to globular cells, which receive end-bulbs from the cochlea and send thick axons to the contralateral medial trapezoid nucleus, where they form calyces on principal cells. Principal cells, in turn, are known to project to the lateral superior olive and to one of the nuclei of origin of the crossed olivo-cochlear bundle, which feeds back to the cochlea. In this circuit, correlations between synaptic patterns and particular physiological signal transfer characteristics can be suggested. These could be related to binaural intensity interactions in the lateral superior olive and to a regulatory loop involving the olivo-cochlear bundles.
Magnesium Hydroxide Dehydroxylation: In Situ Nanoscale Observations of Lamellar Nucleation and Growth

Lamellar dehydroxylation mechanisms are important in understanding highly reactive nanocrystal oxide formation as well as a variety of applied lamellar hydroxide reaction processes. These mechanisms have been observed for the first time via in situ nanoscale imaging for the prototype lamellar hydroxide: Mg(OH) 2 , Environmental-cell, dynamic high-resolution transmission electron microscopy was combined with advanced computational modeling in discovering that lamellar nucleation and growth processes govern dehydroxylation. The host lamella can guide the formation of a solid solution series of lamellar oxyhydroxide intermediates en route to oxide formation. This investigation opens the door to a deeper, atomic-level understanding of lamellar dehydroxylation reaction processes, nanocrystal oxide formation, and the range of potential new intermediate materials and third component reaction pathways they can provide.
Forested wetlands of low order streams in the inner coastal plain of North Carolina, USA

We quantified geomorphic and vegetational characteristics of 22 first-to-fourth order riverine forests located in the inner coastal plain of North Carolina. We used Detrended Correspondence Analysis to compare canopy composition among sites and relate measured environmental parameters to distribution of canopy trees and stream order. Both geomorphic and vegetational attributes could be used to functionally divide first-to-fourth order riverine systems into 17 headwater (first and second order streams) and 5 midreach systems (third and fourth order streams). As expected, stream order was found to be positively correlated (P<0.003) with drainage basin size, floodplain width, and channel width. The canopy of headwater reaches was dominated by various combinations ofLiquidambar styraciflua, Nyssa biflora, andAcer rubrum, while midreach systems were typically dominated byTaxodium distichum and/orNyssa aquatica. Canopy composition was similar to other low order stream floodplains in the southeastern USA from Alabama to Maryland. However, the canopy composition of bottomlands differed in that the generaFraxinus, Quercus, andUlmus were generally less important in the North Carolina bottomlands than elsewhere in the Southeast. Metrics obtained from these relatively unaltered ecosystems could be used to develop standards for assessing of wetland condition and provide appropriate criteria for designing restoration of altered low order riverine ecosystems.
The T-cell response to myelin basic protein in familial multiple sclerosis: Diversity of fine specificity, restricting elements, and T-cell receptor usage

Indirect evidence suggests that an autoimmune response to myelin basic protein (MBP) may be involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, several reports have suggested that restricted T-cell populations respond to MPB, as in inbred rodents with the MS disease model experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the T-cell repertoire to MBP varies between strains, and in MS it is likely that the response to MBP is also best defined under conditions where genetic differences between subjects are controlled. In this report, the fine specificity of the T-cell response to MBP was assessed in three families, each with multiple individuals affected with MS. We found that (1) comparable frequencies of MBP-reactive T-cell lines were obtained from peripheral blood of MS patients and their healthy siblings. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) identical sibling pairs discordant for MS had similar frequencies of MBP-reactive T-cell lines. (2) A broad spectrum of MBP epitopes was recognized by T-cell lines from all individuals studied. Within a family, the fine specificity of MBP recognition showed little or no overlap between individuals, even between HLA identical siblings. (3) Recognition of MBP epitopes occurred in the context of different HLA class II alleles. At least four DR alleles each served as restricting elements for recognition of P82-101 or the carboxy terminal region of MBP, two regions thought to be important in the human T-cell response to the molecule. No relationship between the use of a particular DR allele and a response to a particular region of MBP could be established.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Acute renal failure induced by diethylaminoethyl dextran: Importance of cationic charge

Acute renal failure induced by diethylaminoethyl dextran: Importance of cationic charge. The administration of polydispersed, polycationic, diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) dextran in high dosages (500 mg) induces acute renal failure both morphologically and functionally in Sprague-Dawley rats Forty-eight hours after injection of high dose DEAE, rats had BUN elevations exceeding 50 mg/dl and evidence of severe epithelial cell necrosis in S 1 and S 2 segments of the proximal tubule. These functional and morphologic alterations in the kidney were not seen in animals given equivalent doses of neutral dextran. Because recent evidence has implicated renal mitochondrial injury as an important pathogenetic pathway in nephrotoxic acute renal failure, the effect of DEAE on renal mitochondrial respiration was determined after in vivo and in vitro exposure. Isolated renal cortical mitochondria were obtained from 6 rats 24 hours after a low dose of DEAE (40 mg/kg). Compared with mitochondrial respiratory rates of 6 sham control rats, state 3 (ADP-dependent) respiration fell from 622 ± (SEM) 11 to 470 ± 18 (P Insuffisance renale aigue induite par le dextran diethylaminoethyl: Importance de la charge cationique. L'administration a hautes doses (500 mg) de diethylaminoethyl dextran (DEAE) polydisperse et polycationique determine une insuffisance renale aigue a la fois morphologique et fonctionnelle chez le rat Sprague-Dawley. Quarante huit heures apres l'injection de hautes doses de DEAE les rats avaient des augmentations de l'azote ureique sanguin superieures a 50 mg/dl et des signes de necroses cellulaires severes des segments S 1 et S 2 du tube proximal. Ces modifications fonctionnelles et morphologiques n'ont pas ete observees chez les animaux qui ont recu du dextran neutre. Du fait que des arguments recents ont implique des lesions des mitochondries renales dans la pathogenie de l'insuffisance renale aigue nephrotoxique les effets de DEAE sur la respiration mitochondriale ont ete determines apres une exposition in vitro et in vivo. Des mitochondries isolees ont ete obtenues a partir de 6 rats 24 heures apres une faible dose de DEAE (40 mg/kg). Par comparaison avec les debits respiratoires des mitochondries de 6 rats controles on observe une diminution de la respiration du stade 3 (dependant de l' ADP) de 622 ± (SEM) 11 a 470 ± 18 (P
151 Phylogenetic Analysis of The Subgenus Euglena with Particualr Reference to the Type Species Euglena Viridis (Euglenophyceae)

Euglena viridis was first described by Antony van Leeuwenhoek in 1674. This taxon later became the type for the genus Euglena erected by Ehrenberg in 1838. The primary characters that distinguish this taxon are the single stellate chloroplast and spherical mucocysts. A number of related Euglena species are similar in size, bear one or two stellate plastids and possess spherical or spindle-shaped mucocysts. We conducted morphological and molecular studies on taxa in the subgenus Euglena (all of which bear stellate chloroplasts) and compared this to genera in the subgenus Calliglena (non-stellate chloroplasts). Morphologically the strains in subgenus Euglena were very similar, except for chloroplast number and mucocyst shape. The E. stellata group has one chloroplast and a distinctive spindle-shaped mucocyst; the E. geniculata group has two chloroplasts and spherical mucocysts; the E. viridis group has one chloroplast and spherical mucocysts. Molecular analyses using SSU and LSU rDNA demonstrated that the subgenus Euglena is not monophyletic. The combined SSU/LSU trees provide strong support for a stellate clade (subgenus Euglena), but one strain of E. viridis diverges at the base of the Euglena/Calliglena lineage. Multiple subclades are found within the main stellate clade. E. tristellata forms a separate divergence and four E. stellata strains form a single, well-supported subclade. Two E. viridis strains are among the E. geniculata group clade, while six others form two separate, but well-supported clades. This study demonstrates that the type species, E. viridis, is paraphyletic and will need to be redefined.
Binding of aqueous cadmium by the lyophilized biomass of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Abstract Biosorption of aqueous Cd by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was examined. Cd uptake increased from pH 2 to 10,and was measured at different initial Cd concentrations (0.09–8.75 mM). Proton afﬁnity models of potentiometrictitration data indicated the presence of two major functional group clusters on the cell walls, corresponding to ionicstrength dependent p K a values in the ranges 3.8–4.7 and 8.3–9.6, with an average functional group acidity ofapproximately 2 mmol of protonable charge per g of lyophilized cells. Cd-binding was not signiﬁcantly affected bythe presence of equimolar (and greater) concentrations of aqueous macro-ions Ca 2+ and K + . FTIR spectra indicatedthat Cd-binding was dominated by complexation to carboxylic functional groups, and Cd sorption could be modeledwith a single-site Gaussian distribution model. This study shows the potential for the use of C . reinhardtii forcadmium recovery in various water and wastewater treatment applications. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rightsreserved.
Is there a need for “professional psychotherapy” in methadone programs?

Abstract The role of “professional psychotherapy” in methadone programs has been unclear because of its expense as compared to counseling, shortage of trained, experienced personnel, and confusion in the literature as to its efficacy. This research capsule reviews some recent studies pertaining to this and some of the methodological difficulties in arriving at a clear answer. Psychotherapy so far appears most helpful for patients with a defined psychiatric diagnosis in addition to their drug diagnosis. In addition, benefits appear to be greater if patients are treated early in their treatment program.
Tests of equality of dependent correlation coefficients

SUMMARY A parametric test given known variance ratios, and a nonparametric test, both for the equality of correlation coefficients of one variable with a set of other variables, are proposed and their power functions are compared.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Lesquerella fendleri (Brassicaceae) and cross-species amplification

Fifteen novel microsatellite primer pairs are presented for Lesquerella fendleri , which were developed from seven dinucleotide, five trinucleotide and three tetranucleotide microsatellite DNA loci. These loci were characterized for 40 individuals from 24 localities throughout the species range. The number of alleles observed per locus ranged from three to 16, the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.175 to 0.750, and the polymorphic information content ranged from 0.218 to 0.889. Cross-species transferability tested on nine species of Lesquerella and one species of the related genus Physaria indicates that these primer pairs may be useful for population genetic studies of other species in Lesquerella and possibly other closely related genera.
Solution Structure of a DNA Duplex Containing a Nitroxide Spin-Labeled Platinum d(GpG) Intrastrand Cross-Link Refined with NMR-Derived Long-Range Electron−Proton Distance Restraints

Modification of an undecamer deoxyribonucleotide, d(CTCTCGGTCTC), with the paramagnetic cisplatin analogue cis-[Pt(NH3)(4AT)ClI] afforded two orientational isomers of the platinated DNA containing a site-specific intrastrand d(GpG) cross-link. The DNA strand containing the 3‘ orientational isomer was annealed to its complement, and the resulting duplex was investigated by NMR spectroscopy. The structure was determined from conventional NOE studies of the reduced, diamagnetic undecamer and 99 long-range (10−20 A) electron−proton restraints from the paramagnetic duplex. The platinum-modified duplex is substantially bent toward the major groove. Refinements of the structure with either conventional interproton restraints or a combination of the electron−proton and interproton restraints afforded the same local but different global structures. Both refinements resulted in duplexes that deviated from canonical B-form DNA with widened minor grooves. Addition of the long-range electron−proton restraints allowed ...
Biological and Cultural Diversity: The Legacy of Darwin for Development.

To explain becoming human, becoming a member of a culture and society, and becoming a unique human being calls upon diverse theoretical resources in the biological and social sciences. To integrate such diverse concepts requires the umbrella of evolutionary theory, which alone can encompass so many levels of analysis. I present an elaboration of the theory sketched in my presidential address to SRCD in the hope that a more thorough understanding of the theoretical framework and the implications of cultural and biological diversity will enrich and enliven developmental research. Debates with colleagues of different persuasions are always welcome and often fruitful.
Inhaled prostacyclin is safe, effective, and affordable in patients with pulmonary hypertension, right heart dysfunction, and refractory hypoxemia after cardiothoracic surgery.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to describe our institutional experience in using inhaled prostacyclin as a selective pulmonary vasodilator in patients with pulmonary hypertension, refractory hypoxemia, and right heart dysfunction after cardiothoracic surgery. Methods Between February 2001 and March 2003, cardiothoracic surgical patients with pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary artery pressure >30 mm Hg or systolic pulmonary artery pressure >40 mm Hg), hypoxemia (Pa o 2 /fraction of inspired oxygen 16 mm Hg and cardiac index −1 · m −2 ) were prospectively administered inhaled prostacyclin at an initial concentration of 20,000 ng/mL and then weaned per protocol. Hemodynamic variables were measured before the initiation of inhaled prostacyclin, 30 to 60 minutes after initiation, and again 4 to 6 hours later. Results One hundred twenty-six patients were enrolled during the study period. At both time points, inhaled prostacyclin significantly decreased the mean pulmonary artery pressure without altering the mean arterial pressure. The average length of time on inhaled prostacyclin was 45.6 hours. There were no adverse events attributable to inhaled prostacyclin. The average cost for inhaled prostacyclin was $150 per day. Compared with nitric oxide, which costs $3000 per day, the potential cost savings over this period were $681,686. Conclusions Inhaled prostacyclin seems to be a safe and effective pulmonary vasodilator for cardiothoracic surgical patients with pulmonary hypertension, refractory hypoxemia, or right heart dysfunction. Overall, inhaled prostacyclin significantly decreases mean pulmonary artery pressures without altering the mean arterial pressure. Compared with nitric oxide, there is no special equipment required for administration or toxicity monitoring, and the cost savings are substantial.
Surface electroclinic effect in chiral smectic-A liquid crystals.

The polar interface interaction between a chiral smectic-A liquid crystal and a solid substrate results in an induced ferroelectric polarization and chiral reorientation of the director in the liquid crystal near the surface.
Chronic cadmium exposures associated with kidney function effects

A follow-up study was conducted on 27 workers with a median of 25 years exposure to airborne cadmium. Two exposure groups had been selected a low exposure group of office, laboratory and supervisory personnel (n = 11, average urinary cadmium 13.1 micrograms/l); and a high exposure group of production workers with long histories of work in areas with substantial airborne cadmium (n = 16, average urinary cadmium 45.7 micrograms/l). An estimate of each subject's time-weighted-average inhalation exposure to cadmium was calculated from personal sampling data (1973-1976) and area sampling data (1943-1976). Based on the findings of another study, the average inhalation exposures in each of the work areas were adjusted for use of personal protective masks (respirators). Comparison of kidney function status between the high and low exposure groups showed a significant reduction in creatinine clearance, and increased uric acid and beta microglobulin excretion by the high group. Significant renal effects were associated with estimated average inhalation exposures of 63 micrograms/m3 over a 25 year period. The relationship between urinary cadmium excretion and cumulative exposure changed for higher exposures; this was consistent with the "critical concentration" model of cadmium's effects on the kidney.
Fish ecology and terrestrial carbon use in coastal areas: implications for marine fish production

Summary 1. To investigate the role of fish ecology in controlling terrestrial particulate organic matter (POM) uptake by benthic fish species and population responses to changes in continental inputs to coastal areas, depth distribution, diet and stable isotope ( δ 13 C and δ 15 N) data from the juveniles and adults of five important flatfish species ( Arnoglossus laterna , Buglossidium luteum , Citharus linguatula , Solea lascaris and S. solea ) were compared off the Rhone River delta (NW Mediterranean). 2. In moderate river discharge, isotopic signatures differed with fish species and benthic life stage, suggesting intra- and interspecific differences in trophic levels and food sources. Food web analysis indicated terrestrial POM uptake in all life stages of S. solea and A. laterna ( δ 13 C = − 20·1 to − 20·0‰ and − 18·9 to − 18·2‰, respectively), in the adults of B. luteum ( δ 13 C = − 19·0‰) and in the juveniles of S. lascaris ( δ 13 C = − 18·7‰), whereas all life stages of C. linguatula ( δ 13 C = − 17·6‰), S. lascaris adults ( δ 13 C = − 16·9‰) and B. luteum juveniles ( δ 13 C = − 17·5‰) exploited marine POM almost exclusively. 3. Fish diet and depth distribution accounted fully for the intra- and interspecific differences in terrestrial POM uptake observed. Greater terrestrial signatures were observed in fish eating larger quantities of deposit-feeding polychaetes (the main prey exploiting terrestrial POM for growth) and occurring mainly in the 30‐50 m depth zone (where river POM sedimentation and its uptake by the benthos were the highest). Due to intra- and interspecific differences in fish depth distribution and diet, Rhone River floods were predicted to have little effect on C. linguatula populations but to increase the other four species’ local stocks for several years, with a maximum impact on S. solea . 4. This study shows that the ability of benthic fish to exploit terrestrial POM inputs to the coastal zone depends strongly on their ecology. As this parameter will determine fish populations’ reactions to river floods, it must be assessed carefully before making hypotheses about the consequences of variations in river discharge on coastal fisheries’ production.
Solid-phase, single nucleotide primer extension of DNA/RNA hybrids by reverse transcriptases.

Abstract A method for RNA analysis based on primer extension by reverse transcriptase is described.
Whence the Local Bubble, Gum, Orion? GSH 238+00+09, A Nearby Major Superbubble toward Galactic Longitude 238°

We examine H I, IR, radio continuum, and 1/4 keV X-ray data and find evidence for a nearby (~0.8 kpc) superbubble in all four data sets. GSH 238+00+09 follows the official IAU naming convention and specifies the central Galactic coordinates and the LSR velocity. Its mass and energy required for production rank it among the major supershells in the Galaxy. It is at least partially responsible for the apparent extreme elongation of the Local Bubble toward l~230°, and it might intersect the Local Bubble or the Lindblad Ring. It cleared out a large cavity into which the Eridanus Loop and the Gum Nebula currently expand, and it may have been responsible for shock-induced star formation in the Gum, Orion, and Mon R2 regions. There are several candidates for the originating star cluster of GSH 238+00+09, of which the most interesting is Collinder 121.
Taming the situationist beast

The interplay between arts and HCI has become increasingly commonplace in the past years, offering new opportunities for approaching interaction, but also raising challenges in integrating methods and insights from across a great disciplinary divide. In this paper, we examine the ways Situationist art practice has been used as an inspiration for HCI design. We argue that methods from Situationist art practice have often been picked up without regard for their underlying sensibility: reflection and improvisation in an activist socio-political context. We describe an experiment in incorporating Situationist sensibility in design and use it to elucidate the challenges that face HCI in truly integrating the arts.
A comprehensive tool-wear/tool-life performance model in the evaluation of NDM (near dry machining) for sustainable manufacturing

Traditionally, metal working fluids (MWF) are known to improve machining performance despite poor ecological and health side effects. A new sustainable process that has minimized the use and application of MWFs is NDM (near dry machining). Although there is much controversy on the effectiveness of NDM, it is agreed that a lack of science-based modeling prevents its widespread use. This paper presents a new method to predict tool-wear/tool-life performance in NDM by extending a Taylor speed-based dry machining equation. Experimental work and validation of the model was performed in an automotive production environment in the machining of steel wheel rims. Machining experiments and validation of the new equation reveal that tool-wear can be predicted within 10% when the effect of NDM is statistically different than dry machining. Tool-wear measurements obtained during the validation of the model showed that NDM can improve tool-wear/tool-life over four times compared to dry machining which underlines the need to develop sustainable models to match current practices.
The impact of Greek organization membership on collegiate outcomes: Evidence from a National Survey

Abstract Using a longitudinal survey of college students from over 400 institutions and a propensity score weighting framework, we examine the impacts of college fraternity and sorority membership on academic outcomes and general facets of the college experience. Our results suggest a mixed academic effect for males and a positive academic effect for females. For both genders, we find evidence that membership increases the likelihood of graduating on time and graduate school aspirations. For males, however, there appears to be a small, negative impact on grades. For both genders, we find that Greek membership increases the frequency of alcohol and cigarette consumption and decreases religious convictions and religious service attendance. Lastly, Greek organization members are more likely to participate in student government, perform volunteer work, and begin their careers immediately following graduation.