cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Resolvent method for computations of localized defect modes of H-polarization in two-dimensional photonic crystals.

We have developed and tested a version of the resolvent ~or Green’s function ! method, based on the shift-inverse of the Maxwellian operator, that ensures stable convergence of iterative computations of localized defect modes of H-polarization in two-dimensional ~2D! photonic crystals. The defect states are obtained by solving the eigenvalue problem for an associated compact operator with the expansion in Bloch eigenfunctions of the unperturbed Maxwellian operator. This method can be extended to 3D photonic crystals. We apply the method to a 2D square lattice of square dielectric rods in a dielectric background and compute ~with controlled precision of ;1%) the defect modes induced by the replacement of one rod ~the defect!. We investigate the rise and variation of the defect frequencies in a photonic band gap, caused by the increase of the dielectric strength of the defect, for four branches of localized modes of various symmetries.
Acquisition of Africana

Abstract A discussion of the acquisition of Africana with emphasis on different types of material currently published and emanating from Africa.
Advances in Biomaterials for the Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

In the past decade, the number of treatment methods for disc degeneration has dramatically increased due to advances in biomaterials. Disc degeneration is one of the leading causes of lower back pain in the adult population, and a large percentage of patients seek surgical solutions. Therefore, there is a great clinical need for biomaterials to alleviate pain associated with disc degeneration. Increased understanding of spinal physiology and pathophysiology has enabled the development of new surgical techniques as well as novel biomaterials for treatment. In this review, advances in biomaterials used for treating intervertebral disc degeneration are reviewed: cages and implants for spinal fusion, artificial discs for total disc arthroplasty, and emerging methods of synthetic nuclei and annulus repair. In addition, novel biomaterials are being explored to treat disc degeneration using a variety of treatment methods.
Technique for retrospective respiratory and cardiac-gated phase contrast flow measurements

Summary A technique for evaluation of respiratory impact on cardiac-gated phase contrast flow acquisitions is proposed. An example study was performed showing the effect of active respiration on CSF flow through the spinal canal. Background The effect of the respiratory cycle on flow is well documented for cerebrospinal venous return [1] and CSF flow [2]. However, cranial phase contrast (PC) MR flow measurements neglect the influence of respiration. Breath-held acquisitions are possible, but mask physiological flow changes that occur during active respiration. Here we demonstrate a technique to evaluate the effects of active respiration on CSF flow measurements throughout the cardiac cycle for 2 respiration states. Methods Our approach relies on pseudo-random sampling of radial projections, which allows reconstruction of subsets with little artifact due to even filling of k-space (Fig. 1a). Cardiac triggers and respiratory position are recorded throughout the acquisition. Each projection then has a corresponding cardiac position (time since last trigger) and respiratory position. In the current implementation, all projections are sorted into 2 respiratory phases based on the median respiratory position. Each phase corresponds to the plateau surrounding endinspiration or -expiration. Each respiratory phase is represented by a cardiac gated image series that is reconstructed using a temporal filtering similar to view sharing in Cartesian acquisitions [3]. Three volunteers were scanned on a clinical 3T system with 2D radial PC acquisitions [4] between the C2 and C3 vertebrae: TR/TE = 9.4/6.1 ms, tip = 5°, resolution = 0.9x0.9x5 mm, and Venc = 8cm/s. Data were acquired during inspiration and expiration breath holds (1500 projections, 30 s), and during regular free and deep breathing (8000 projections, 2:32 min). Triggering was accomplished with pulse oximeter and bellow signals. Results Fig. 2 shows the resulting flow waveforms acquired during deep breathing for two volunteers. Though the waveforms show variation, the trend of increased flow during inspiration holds in both examples. Average forward (Qf), reverse (Qr), and net (Qnet) flow were calculated for both phases in the free breathing scans. For the inspiration phase, these values were: Qf = 3.06, Qr = 1.53, and Qnet = 1.53 ml/min. For the bin surrounding end-expiration, these values were: Qf = 2.53, Qr = 2.02, Qnet = 0.51 ml/min. Conclusions
Auditory processing disorders: an update for speech-language pathologists.

Purpose Unanswered questions regarding the nature of auditory processing disorders (APDs), how best to identify at-risk students, how best to diagnose and differentiate APDs from other disorders, a...
A repository for design, process planning and assembly

Abstract This paper provides an introduction to the Design, Planning and Assembly Repository available through the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The goal of the Repository is to provide a publically accessible collection of 2D and 3D CAD and solid models from industry problems. In this way, research and development efforts can obtain and share examples, focus on benchmarks, and identify areas of research need. The Repository is available through the World Wide Web at URL http://www.parts.nist.gov/parts.
Conceptual continuity as a mode of understanding complex systems: Applications to the dynamics sociopolitical systems

In complex biological systems, entities that are conceptually distinct but empirically related—such as sunlight and plant growth or antigene and immune response—are being explicitly linked through the identification of highly specific uninterrupted interaction sequences that take place between their macromolecular system components. These uninterrupted sequences of causation include common elements that are shared by the empirically related but conceptually distinct entities. Through the identification of specific shared elements, “conceptual continuity” is established between these entities. Examples are introduced to suggest that in sociopolitical systems, an analogous conceptual continuity can be established between distinct sociopolitical entities. The identification of specific shared elements, essential for the well being of each of the entities, can play a significant role in resolving conflicts between those separated by seemingly insurmountable obstacles such as race or religion or ideology. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 11:20–24, 2006
The Clinical Spectrum of Chronic His Bundle Block

This report details our total experience with documented chronic His bundle block in 24 patients. Ten patients had second-degree block (eight with 2:1 block and two with type-1 block), and 14 patients had complete heart block. There were 16 women (67 percent) and eight men (33 percent) with ages ranging from 17 to 87 years. Diagnoses were as follows: hypertensive cardiovascular disease, nine patients (38 percent); arteriosclerotic heart disease, six patients (25 percent); aortic valvular disease, three patients (13 percent); primary conduction disease, two patients (8 percent); primary myocardial disease, two patients (8 percent); congenital heart block, one patient (4 percent); and traumatic heart block, one patient (4 percent). Pacing was instituted in 20 patients because of the following: congestive heart failure, seven patients; syncope, seven patients; fatigue, four patients; and recurrent dizziness, two patients. Permanent pacing was indicated within ten days of initial diagnosis in 13 patients, from 20 to 80 days in four patients, and later than 100 days in three patients. An additional two asymptomatic patients were treated with prophylactic pacing.
The effect of music on eating behavior

The effects of music tempo on number of bites per minute and total time of meal were studied. Eleven subjects unknowingly participated in the study. Three music conditions were used: fast tempo, slow tempo, and no music. A significant increase in the number of bites per minute was found; the effect was largest for fast-tempo music, which suggests arousal as a possible mediator. No difference was found in total time of meal. A questionnaire revealed no evidence that subjects were aware of the music.
Rabbits immunized with mixtures of staphylococcal protein A and autologous IgG produce anti-human IgG antibodies.

AbstractThe results of this study provide evidence that protein A may render IgG immunogenic in the autologous host. Antibodies to human but not rabbit IgG were detected in sera of rabbits immunized with a mixture of autologous serum and protein A. Anti-human IgG antibodies appeared within 2 weeks at which time the antibodies were of the IgM class. Upon further immunization, both IgM and IgG antibodies were produced with the IgG class predominating. The antibodies elicited by a mixture of protein A with autologous IgG resembled those which arise in response to autologous IgG that has been denatured by physicochemical means, in that they react mainly with foreign species IgG and weakly, if at all, with IgG of rabbit origin.
Tunable negative and positive coercivity for SmCo/ (Co/Gd) exchange springs investigated with SQUID magnetometry

Temperature dependent static magnetic properties of $\mathrm{Co}∕\mathrm{Gd}$ multilayers, grown on SmCo, are experimentally investigated by means of SQUID magnetometry. The $\mathrm{Sm}\mathrm{Co}∕(\mathrm{Co}∕\mathrm{Gd})$ system shows an exchange spring behavior above the compensation temperature $({T}_{\mathrm{comp}})$ at which the magnetization of the antiferromagnetically coupled multilayer is zero. Below ${T}_{\mathrm{comp}}$, a tunable negative coercivity state (inverse hysteresis) appears, due to the coupling between the hard SmCo and soft $\mathrm{Co}∕\mathrm{Gd}$ multilayers, irrespective of whether Co or Gd is proximate to the SmCo. However, for the strongly ferromagnetically coupled Co interface layer, negative coercivity persists over a larger temperature interval. The negative coercivity state vanishes if the coercivity of the SmCo layer is increased by controlling the Cu underlayer thickness.
Dopamine D2/D3 receptors play a specific role in the reversal of a learned visual discrimination in monkeys

Dopamine D 2 /D 3 Receptors Play a Specific Role in the Reversal of a Learned Visual Discrimination in Monkeys
Promoting Quality and Cost-Effective Care to Geropsychiatric Patients

The goals of the project described here were to reduce the length of hospital stay, decrease financial losses, improve care for the elderly, and improve the attitudes and knowledge of nursing staff caring for the elderly. Data collected included reimbursement information, nursing staff variables, and outcomes of patient care. Staff knowledge and attitudes were measured by Palmore's “Facts on Aging” and Kogan's “Old People Scale.” Patient data were collected through a retrospective review of records. Central to the project was the utilization of a gero-psychiatry clinical nurse specialist who facilitated a number of interventions. Length of hospital stay and financial losses were significantly reduced. A change in knowledge levels and positive attitudes of nursing staff occurred, although the change was not statistically significant. An association between attitudes and job satisfaction was found, and patient outcomes were improved in approximately half the cases. Specialized programming can enhance the ca...
Antidepressant Treatments in Children and Adolescents: II. Anxiety, Physical, and Behavioral Disorders

Abstract Part II of this review critically evaluates antidepressants' (AD) efficacy in children and adolescents with anxiety, physical, and behavioral disorders as well as AD's side-effect spectrum. AD are administered increasingly to youths with specific anxiety syndromes phenomenologically paralleling those in adults which are responsive to AD (e.g., panic, obsessive-compulsive disorders). While several trials have not substantiated earlier theoretical considerations suggesting their usefulness in separation anxiety, their recent success in ameliorating obsessive-compulsive symptoms is encouraging. Systematic drug treatment studies however are limited because of the common overlap of anxiety syndromes with each other and other prominent psychiatric disturbances. More consistent benefits with AD are seen in the physical (e.g., enuresis, bulimia nervosa) and behavioral disorders (e.g., attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder). The wide-ranging benefits of AD in nonaffective disorders suggest AD are more appropriately viewed as broad spectrum pharmacotherapeutics.
Lattice vibrational modes of poly(rU) and poly(rA).

A normal coordinate analysis has been performed for the polyribonucleotides poly(rU) and poly(rA). The polymers are assumed to be 11-fold infinite helical structures in the A conformation. The hydrogen atoms have been rigidly attached to the appropriate atoms in order to reduce the dimension of the problem. The potential energy is defined in terms of a valence force field initially and a model for the inclusion of nonbonded interactions has been presented. A method for factoring the secular equation for infinite helical polymers in Cartesian coordinates is presented. All of the general features of polyribonucleotide spectra have been reproduced and, in many cases, good quantitative agreement between observed and calculated frequencies is obtained. More specific assignments are offered for some of the observed lines.
Life-threatening infections in bone marrow transplant patients

Abstract Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) recipients are at risk for severe infections as a result of profound hematopoietic and immune suppression. Whereas myeloid recovery takes 4 to 6 weeks, immunologic reconstitution may take 2 years or more before recovery and, thus, the risk for infection is prolonged. Virtually every common infectious agent can cause morbidity and mortality during the transplant course. Because the predominating immune defects change over time, certain organisms are likely to be encountered at particular post-transplant intervals. Early-on prolonged neutropenia predisposes the recipient to bacterial infections and fungal disease. Latent viruses (eg, cytomegalovirus) become reactivated after neutrophil engraftment and cause severe infections because of cellular and humoral immunodeficiency. Acute and/or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can further delay immune reconstitution and, as a consequence, prolong the risk for infection. Cyclosporine, tacrolimus, prednisone, methotrexate, and T-cell depletion of the HSC graft (all measures to prevent GVHD) influence the process of immune recovery. Therefore, to properly evaluate the seriously ill transplant recipient, appreciation of the patient's immune status and its relationship to potential infection is critical. For the HSC transplant patient at high risk for infection, appropriate prevention, aggressive surveillance, early diagnosis, and comprehensive treatment are the most effective measures to reduce morbidity and mortality. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company
On the OAI mapping for a j = 132 shell

Abstract An SD pair subspace is constructed for identical particles in a j = 13 2 shell, and overlaps with the eigenstates of H = − Q · Q are evaluated. The lowest levels lie almost entirely within the SD space, and are well described by states corresponding to SU(3) combinations of the associated bosons. Procedures for mapping the hamiltonian are compared.
PS1-20: Understanding Patient Barriers and Preferences to Completing Advance Directives (AD) in the Primary Care Setting

Background/Aims Advance Care Planning (ACP) is a complex process that allows individuals to contemplate and document end of life decisions using tools such as an Advance Directive (AD). The proportion of patients who have an AD on file remains low both nationally and at Geisinger. To date, little research has focused on healthy populations’ attitudes towards ACP and AD completion. We describe the design and implementation of a web-based application to collect patients’ preferences for and barriers to AD completion in a large, non-diseased primary care population.
Trip Based Near Globally Optimal Power Management of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using Gas-Kinetic Traffic Flow Model

Abstract The plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), utilizing more battery power, has become the next-generation HEV with great promise of higher fuel economy. Global optimization charge-depletion power management would be desirable. However, this has so far been hampered due the a priori nature of the trip information and the almost prohibitive computational cost of global optimization techniques such as dynamic programming (DP). This situation can be changed by the current advancement of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) based on the use of on-board GPS, GIS, real-time and historical traffic flow data and advanced traffic flow modeling techniques. In this paper, gas-kinetic base trip modeling approach was used for the highway portion trip and for the local road portion the traffic light sequences throughout the trip will be synchronized with the vehicle operation. Several trip models approaches were studied for a specific case. For DP based charge-depletion control of PHEV, the SOC is forced to drop to a specific terminal value at the final time of the trip. Simulation study has been performed on a hybrid SUV model from ADVISOR, for the different trip modeling approaches. The simulation results demonstrated significant improvement in fuel economy using DP based charge-depletion control compared to rule based control. The gas-kinetic based trip model for the highway portion can describe the dynamics of the traffic flow on highway with on/off ramps which may be missed by the model which used only the main road detectors data. The modeling approach shows a step to the more accurate trip model prediction which can be used for the power management of PHEV.
Micromechanical analysis of thermoelastoplastic behavior of metal matrix composites

Abstract A micromechanics model based on the variational asymptotic method for periodic composites was developed using an incremental formulation to capture the coupled thermo-elasto-plastic behavior of metal matrix composites. Taking advantage of the small size of the microstructure, a variational statement of the unit cell through an asymptotic expansion of an functional of energy change was formulated to calculate the effective instantaneous tangential elasto-plastic matrix and thermal stress matrix of the composite materials. An iterative homogenization and localization technique was proposed to simulate the nonlinear thermo-elasto-plastic behavior of metal matrix composites. This model was implemented using the finite element method. For validation, a numerical example was examined to demonstrate the application and accuracy of this theory and companion code.
Understanding technology choice in electricity industries: a comparative study of France and Denmark

Abstract The ability to predict how national electricity industries will respond to the challenges of competition and the demand for sustainability requires a good understanding of the nature of technological systems and a workable theory of technology choice. So far, two distinct theoretical perspectives, the economic and socio-political concepts of technological systems, have competed for dominance in policy analysis and policy making. This paper is a comparative study of the way in which the electricity industries of Denmark and France responded to a series of challenges beginning with the 1973 oil crisis and continuing through the present push to liberalise electricity markets. Focussing on the forces that directed technological change in these two nations, I examine the relative importance of economic and socio-political factors. My analysis indicates that socio-political factors which, together, can be described as political traditions have shaped technology choice. The Danish and French electricity industries have pursued several objectives in addition to economic efficiency. This has limited the function of free markets. Thus, they should be understood as political structures whose most important characteristic is the distribution of power. In this context, the economic perspective represents a normative demand for the re-arrangement of political values. Technological choice which radically departs from the status quo implies a significant redistribution of political power and is, therefore, very difficult.
Community resilience to a developmental shock: a case study of a rural village in Nagano, Japan

This paper offers a historical case study of rural community response to a ‘developmental shock’, by focusing on the controversy over a golf resort project in the forested alluvial fan area of a ru...
High-resolution 3D surface strain magnitude using 2D camera and low-resolution depth sensor

Measures the 3-D surface strain impacted on the face during facial expressions.Describes an automatic approach for calibrating Kinect with external camera.Method shows high correlation between 3-D strain maps calculated from two views.Method robust to multiple depth resolutions.Over 100 subjects and 600 expressions used for testing. Generating 2-D strain maps of the face during facial expressions provides a useful feature that captures the bio-mechanics of facial skin tissue, and has had wide application in several research areas. However, most applications have been restricted to collecting data on a single pose. Moreover, methods that strictly use 2-D images for motion estimation can potentially suppress large strains because of projective distortions caused by the curvature of the face. This paper proposes a method that allows estimation of 3-D surface strain using a low-resolution depth sensor. The algorithm consists of automatically aligning a rough approximation of a 3-D surface with an external high resolution camera image. We provide experimental results that demonstrate the robustness of the method on a dataset collected using the Microsoft Kinect synchronized with two external high resolution cameras, as well as 101 subjects from a publicly available 3-D facial expression video database (BU4DFE).
Perilous Patches and Pitstaches Imagined Versus Lived Experiences of Women’s Body Hair Growth

Although some research has examined men and women’s general attitudes toward women growing body hair, little research has engaged in a side-by-side examination of women’s imagined experiences of growing body hair with an experiential component of growing their own body hair. In the first of two studies, I asked a diverse community sample of women aged 18 to 59 to assess their impressions of women who grew body hair and to imagine their own, and others’, reactions to their hypothetical body hair growth. For the second study, I utilized response papers from 62 women from diverse backgrounds in an undergraduate women’s studies course, who grew their body hair for an assignment. Results showed overwhelming negativity toward women growing body hair in both studies, but they differed in perceptions of social control and individual agency. Women in Study 1, who merely imagined body hair growth, described it more nonchalantly and individualistically, citing personal choice and rarely acknowledging social pressure...
Characterization and Utilization of Dehydrated Wash Waters from Clam Processing Plants as Flavoring Agents

Wash water (WW) samples were collected from three clam plants (A, B, and C) during various processing stages, spray- and freeze-dried, analyzed for proximate composition, mineral and amino acid content and volatile flavor profiles. Selected WW samples were evaluated for possible incorporation into clam dips in place of clam meat and juice. Glucose accounted for more than 75% of total carbohydrate in selected WW samples. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine and alanine were the major amino acids in some of the selected WW of three clam plants. Selected freeze-dried WW samples may be added at 1.75% (w/w) to clam dip in place of clam meat and juice without any significant changes in overall acceptability, taste, odor, texture and appearance.
Indigenous fermentation and soy fortification: effects on protein quality and carbohydrate digestibility of a traditional Ghanaian corn meal

Studies were conducted into the effects of indigenous fermentation and soy fortification on the protein quality and carbohydrate digestibility of a traditional Ghanaian corn meal. Fermentation significantly (P < 0.05) improved protein quality as determined by a protein digestibility corrected amino acid score method and 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-available lysine of the corn meal cooked into a native Ghanaian weaning porridge. Addition of defatted soybean flour to the meal significantly (P < 0.05) improved protein quality and DNFB-available lysine. Indigenous fermentation also caused an increase in the in vitro carbohydrate digestibility of the non-fortified corn meal.
Intermittent explosive disorder-integrated research diagnostic criteria: Convergent and discriminant validity

Research on intermittent explosive disorder (IED) has been hindered by vague and restrictive DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Integrated research criteria have been developed for IED (IED-IR) that address the DSM-IV criteria's shortcomings. The purpose of this study was to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the IED-IR criteria set by comparing adults meeting these criteria (n=56) to healthy controls (n=56) and to individuals with an Axis I major mental disorder (n=33) or an Axis II personality disorder (n=22) diagnoses on measures of aggression (self-report and behavioral) and global functioning. IED-IR individuals demonstrated higher levels of aggression compared to the other three groups, and were rated as more impaired than the healthy control and Axis I individuals. Subgroup analyses showed that IED-IR subjects who did not meet DSM IED criteria did not differ from DSM IED subjects on self-report measures of aggressiveness or global functioning. Furthermore, the IED-IR subjects evidenced more behavioral aggression than their DSM-IED counterparts.
Intravenous self-administration of etonitazene alone and combined with cocaine in rhesus monkeys: comparison with heroin and antagonism by naltrexone and naloxonazine

In humans, μ opioid–cocaine combinations (speedballs) have been reported to heighten pleasurable effects and result in greater abuse potential compared to either drug individually. Emerging evidence in animals suggests that the ability of μ opioids to enhance the reinforcing effects of cocaine might be independent of their μ intrinsic efficacy even though μ agonist efficacy appears to be a determinant in the reinforcing effects of μ opioids themselves. This study examined the relationship between agonist efficacy, self-administration, and the enhancement of cocaine self-administration using the high-efficacy μ agonist etonitazene. Rhesus monkeys self-administered cocaine, heroin, etonitazene, and opioid–cocaine combinations under a progressive-ratio schedule of intravenous drug injection. Unlike cocaine and heroin, etonitazene did not maintain consistent self-administration at any dose tested (0.001–1.0 μg/kg/injection). However, combining etonitazene (0.1–1.0 μg/kg/injection) with cocaine (0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg/injection) enhanced cocaine self-administration, and this enhancement was attenuated by naltrexone. These effects are similar to those obtained by combining non-reinforcing doses of heroin and cocaine. Antagonism of etonitazene–cocaine and heroin–cocaine self-administration by naloxonazine was short lasting and was not maintained after 24 h (when naloxonazine’s purported μ1 subtype antagonist effects are thought to predominate). The results suggest that high μ agonist efficacy does not guarantee consistent drug self-administration and that the ability of μ agonists to enhance cocaine self-administration does not depend exclusively on reinforcing efficacy. Moreover, the results do not support a major role for μ1 receptor mechanisms in either etonitazene- or heroin-induced enhancement of cocaine self-administration.
“Good Enough”: Developing a Simple Workflow for Open Access Policy Implementation

Academic libraries are often tasked with open access (OA) policy implementation. Many academic libraries have developed robust workflows that utilize custom-built management tools and receive support from a number of library staff. While such workflows certainly streamline the process, their development and management require significant resources. As the number of smaller institutions with OA policies increases, there is a need for solutions that are efficient, flexible, and can be accomplished with minimal resources. Staff at Rice University's Fondren Library developed a simple workflow that populates the institutional repository, freeing up time for OA policy outreach and awareness activities.
Framework for assessing the trustworthiness of cloud resources

Computing power is shifting from local computers to a globally distributed system of servers. Data that used to be stored on the user's machine as well as applications that process this data are now part of the “cloud”. While there are various advantages in doing so such as cost, performance and availability; security and trust relationships now become major issues. For instance, in the cloud, computations (i.e. data processing) are often distributed among multiple servers which are not necessarily controlled by the user or even a single entity. Therefore, the user needs to determine what part of the processing that produced the results can and cannot be trusted. In order to secure individual resources such as individual applications, operating systems and hypervisors in the cloud we have developed a new framework which embeds them in an armor that protects the resources. The armor works by constantly monitoring and evaluating the environment surrounding the armor and checking the resources it is protecting in order to assess the trustworthiness of cloud resources. Based on these assessments and trust relationships with other armor components it makes decisions such as redeployment or migration in the event that resources have been compromised. The framework provides mechanisms for extracting measurements from resources and derives a trustworthiness assessment for each measurement (of whether it has been compromised) based on a rich set of data and meta information from multiple resources and contexts. This includes a rigorous process of how to derive confidence intervals from data by evaluating history, expected behavior and context information. Furthermore, we present a flexible decision scheme which allows for the estimation of belief that a resource has been compromised based on the assessment and confidence intervals of the individual measurements, their meta information and context.
A study of the kinetic energy budget of the troposphere over the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico

The budget of kinetic energy over the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico during the winter (November–April) and Summer (May–October) half-years of 1960 is established for the finite atmospheric layers 1000/850, 850/700, 700/500, and 500/300 mb. Vertical transports, lateral outflow, and generation of kinetic energy are computed directly from twice-daily aerological soundings, while the ‘dissipation’ term is obtained as a residual. The frictional dissipation in the boundary layer is independently computed from 1960 ship observations. Kinetic energy dissipation is of the order of 1·103 ergs·cm−2 in the layer 1000/850 mb, decreasing in the higher layers. The residual ‘dissipation’ term would indicate a production of kinetic energy, particularly for the layer 500/300 mb in winter. This would appear consistent with results by other authors. Due to the uncertainties inherent in the computational procedures, however, only limited confidence can be given to the absolute values.
Interplay Between Time of Presentation, Timeliness of Reperfusion, and Outcome After ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Disparities in care and outcomes among patients presenting with acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) during off-hours remain a matter of considerable interest because they uncover gaps in the healthcare system and opportunities for improvement. Article see p 656 In the report by Dasari et al,1 the investigators revisited care processes and outcomes among patients presenting with STEMI during off-hours (weeknights, weekends, and holidays) in contemporary clinical practices. They used the Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network registry-Get With the Guidelines database to compare STEMI performance measures during off- versus on-hours at 447 US hospitals between 2007 and 2010. The investigators reported similar rates of early aspirin use and attainment of door-to-ECG ≤10 minutes and door-to-needle ≤30 minutes in both groups.1 However, patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) during off-hours experienced slower mechanical reperfusion, were less likely to achieve timely door-to-balloon (D2B ≤90 minutes), and had higher risk of adjusted all-cause mortality.1 The current report1 is the latest of several investigations in the field2–5 and demonstrates notable improvements in care. Compared with earlier reports,3,5 the investigators report salient findings including shorter D2B and door-to-needle times overall and during off-hours and smaller time differential in D2B between off- and on-hours.1 A remarkable finding in their study is that >97% of patients received pPCI as the reperfusion therapy, which reflects the widespread adoption of this superior reperfusion strategy. This is in contrast to prior reports such as the one from the National Registry for Myocardial Infarction registry (2000–2006) in which the use of pPCI, although progressively increasing over time, accounted for slightly >64% of reperfusion therapies at PCI-capable hospitals.6 Additional in-hospital periprocedural adverse outcomes (bleeding, stroke, shock, etc) were also comparable among patients undergoing pPCI …
A panel cointegration analysis of CO2 emissions, nuclear energy and income in major nuclear generating countries

A number of studies have examined the effect of nuclear energy on CO2 emissions, and a lot has been learned from these studies. Due to their weaknesses in modeling approaches and variable uses, however, properly constructed and comprehensive analyses are limited. The main objective of this study is thus to contribute to the debate over nuclear energy and the environment with an enhanced model and variables. For this, a panel cointegration analysis is applied to quantify the effects of nuclear energy, energy consumption and income on CO2 emissions in 12 major nuclear generating countries. The results show that nuclear energy tends to reduce CO2 emissions. It is also found that CO2 emissions tend to decrease monotonically with income growth, providing no evidence in support of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for CO2 emissions.
Mandibular distraction osteogenesis: at what age to proceed

Abstract Objective To evaluate if there is a difference in mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) treatment success rates and adverse outcomes in newborns, early infants, and older pediatric patients. Design Retrospective medical review spanning a nine-year period. Ten newborn (≤35 days old), five early infant (36 days–5 months) and eight older pediatric (>5 months) patients underwent MDO for treatment of micrognathia with a severe tongue-based obstruction. Success was defined as avoidance of tracheostomy or CPAP, and decannulation of patients with tracheotomies. Postoperative complications were grouped into minor and major. Results MDO successfully treated 90% of newborns, 100% of early infants and 100% of older pediatric patients. There was no difference in the rates of success ( p = 0.48), minor ( p = 1.00) and major ( p = 1.00) postoperative complications between newborns and early infants. Older pediatric patients had no treatment failures, tended to have fewer minor ( p = 0.18) and significantly fewer major ( p = 0.04) postoperative complications compared to younger patients. The distractor pin mobility (9%) and scar revisions (13%) were uncommon. Conclusions Mandibular distraction osteogenesis is a reliable method for relieving severe tongue-based obstructions in pediatric patients. When comparing newborns and early infant patients, treatment success rates and the occurrence of complications were not found to be different. Older pediatric patients had no treatment failures, and tended to have fewer postoperative complications compared to younger patients.
A phase I study of a combination of allopurinol, 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin followed by hydroxyurea in patients with advanced gastrointestinal and breast cancer.

Twenty patients with advanced carcinomas of the colorectum, pancreas, stomach, and breast were enrolled in a Phase I study of a sequential administration of 5-fluorouracil-leucovorin (FU-LV) combination followed by hydroxyurea (HU) with allopurinol protection (HALF regimen). As a weekly regimen for 6 weeks, followed by a rest period of 2 weeks, FU was administered intravenously (i.v.) during infusion of a 2-hour i.v. infusion of LV at a dose of 500 mg/m2. Six hours following the FU-LV combination, HU (1 gm/m2) was administered orally. Allopurinol (300 mg every 8 hours, orally) was given the day before and on the day of the administration of the FU-LV combination. The starting dose of FU was 300 mg/m2, with escalations to 900 mg/m2. Mucositis, diarrhea, and hematologic toxicities were mild and sporadic with FU doses up to 750 mg/m2 and occurred in patients who had received prior treatment with FU and/or radiotherapy. Dose-limiting neurocerebellar toxicity was observed in 2 out of 6 patients who received a FU dose of 900 mg/m2. Three additional patients experienced moderate neuromotor toxicity at this dose level. Among 17 patients evaluable for response, partial responses were seen in 3 of the 9 patients with colorectal cancer, 1 of the 3 patients each with carcinoma of breast and pancreas. Three of the 5 responses occurred in patients who had received prior treatment with FU and/or radiation therapy. An FU dose of 750 mg/m2 is recommended for a Phase II trial of the HALF regimen.
Screening Multiple Soybean Cultivars (MG 00 to MG VIII) for Somatic Embryogenesis Following Agrobacterium -Mediated Transformation of Immature Cotyledons

A total of 15 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars representing maturity groups 00 to VIII were assessed for their embryogenic and transformation potentials. All cultivars were identified as embryogenic under hygromycin selection following Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of immature cotyledons. Histochemical β-glucuronidase (GUS) assays of induced hygromycin-resistant somatic embryos (SEs) showed that 13 out of 15 cultivars were amenable for transformation. Wide variations among different genotypes were observed for their embryogenic capacity under hygromycin selection. Three cultivars, Cisne, Council, and Kunitz, were highly embryogenic yielding more than 50% responding explants and 1.5 to 2.4 hygromycin-resistant SEs per responding explant. The transformation potential of multiple soybean cultivars was highly correlated with the embryogenic potential of immature cotyledons under hygromycin selection. It was possible to distinguish between highly and poorly embryogenic genotypes by visually observing the phenotype of cultured immature cotyledons. For highly embryogenic cultivars, the induction of somatic embryos mainly originated from actively dedifferentiating and browning/necrotic tissues along the margins of the abaxial side of cultured cotyledons.
Topology change and monopole creation

Lorentzian cobordism is considered as a mechanism for topology change in quantum gravity. It is shown that the condition for a topological cobordism to admit an appropriate metric is different in even and odd dimensions. In odd dimensions such a metric exists if and only if the initial and final manifolds have the same Euler characteristic. This means that pair creation of Kaluza-Klein monopoles cannot occur via the mechanism considered. Possible implications of this result are discussed. Lorentzian cobordism in two dimensions is also analyzed briefly.
Generation and implementation of state machine controllers: A VLSI approach

Abstract This paper presents an approach to hierarchical design of state machine controllers from a high-level specification into PLA code suitable for VLSI. The idea is to use the Algorithmic State Machine (ASM) model as a basis for representing the state machine and performing state assignments in software. The algorithmic behavior of the controller is defined in block-structured form by means of a high-level design language. This descriptions are then compiled into state machine code via data structures. A PLA generation package is then used to produce state machine designs in silicon.
Energy-dependent multiple scattering of neutrons in thin plates

Abstract The Monte Carlo calculation described will yield relative fluxes for first-, second-, and third-order elastic scattering of neutrons in thin plates. The method specifically includes the effects due to energy loss by the neutron following elastic scattering, together with the corresponding energy dependence of the cross sections for subsequent collisions. Such effects have not been included in previous treatments. Illustrative examples of some typical cases are presented.
The Acyl CoenzymeA:Monoacylglycerol Acyltransferase 3 (MGAT3) Gene is a Pseudogene in Mice but Encodes a Functional Enzyme in Rats

Triglyceride (TAG) absorption involves its initial hydrolysis to fatty acids and monoacylglycerol (MAG), which are resynthesized back to diacylglycerol (DAG) and TAG within enterocytes. The resynthesis of DAG is facilitated by fatty acyl-CoA dependent monoacylglycerol acyltransferases (MGATs). Three MGAT enzymes have been isolated in humans and the expression of MGAT2 and MGAT3 in the intestines suggests their functional role in the TAG absorption. In this paper, we report that the Mogat3 gene appears to be a pseudogene in mice while it is a functional gene in rats. Examination of the mouse genomic Mogat3 sequence revealed multiple changes that would result in a translational stop codon or frameshifts. The rat Mogat3 gene, however, is predicted to encode a functional enzyme of 362 amino acids. Expression of rat MGAT3 in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells led to the formation of a 36-kDa protein that displayed significant MGAT but not DGAT activity. Tissue expression analysis of rat MGAT3 by real-time PCR analysis indicated that rat MGAT3 has a high level of expression in intestines and pancreas. Our results thus provide the molecular basis to understand the relative functional role of MGAT2 and MGAT3 and also for future exploration of MGAT3 function in animal models.
A factorial analysis of Thurstone's sixteen primary mental abilities tests

This article deals with a factorial analysis of Thurstone'sPrimary Mental Abilities Tests. The analysis was made in order to determine whether the tests designated to measure a particular ability would be found upon completion of the analysis to be clustered together with significant loadings and be isolated from the tests of the other abilities. The results show that most of the tests specifically designed to measure six of the abilities were isolated with loadings varying in size. The tests for the remaining ability were not isolated. It is also shown that the tests are complex in nature, measuring more than any one single ability.
CBF measurements using multidelay pseudocontinuous and velocity-selective arterial spin labeling in patients with long arterial transit delays: Comparison with xenon CT CBF

Purpose: To test the theory that velocity-selective arterial spin labeling (VSASL) is insensitive to transit delay. Materials and Methods: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in ten Moyamoya disease patients using xenon computed tomography (xeCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which included multiple pseudo-continuous ASL (pcASL) with different postlabel delays, VSASL, and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) imaging. Correlation coefficient, root-mean-square difference, mean CBF error between ASL, and gold-standard xeCT CBF measurements as well the dependence of this error on transit delay (TD) as estimated by DSC time-to-peak of the residue function (Tmax) were determined. Results: For pcASL with different postlabel delay time (PLD), CBF measurement with short PLD (1.5–2 sec) had the strongest correlations with xeCT; VSASL had a lower but still significant correlation with a mean coefficient of 0.55. We noted the theoretically predicted dependence of CBF error on Tmax and on PLD for pcASL; VSASL CBF measurements had the least dependence of the error on TD. We also noted effects suggesting that the location of the label decay (blood vs. tissue) impacted the measurement, which was worse for pcASL than for VSASL. Conclusion: We conclude that VSASL is less sensitive to TD than conventional ASL techniques and holds promise for CBF measurements in cerebrovascular diseases with slow flow. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:110–119. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The GABAergic nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrates and invertebrates. GABA receptors are the target of anxiolytic, antiepileptic and antispasmodic drugs, as well as of commonly used insecticides. How does a specific neurotransmitter such as GABA control animal behaviour? To answer this question, we identified all neurons that react with antisera raised against the neurotransmitter GABA in the nervous system of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We determined the in vivo functions of 25 of the 26 GABAergic neurons by killing these cells with a laser microbeam in living animals and by characterizing a mutant defective in GABA expression. On the basis of the ultrastructurally defined connectivity of the C. elegans nervous system, we deduced how these GABAergic neurons act to control the body and enteric muscles necessary for different behaviours. Our findings provide evidence that GABA functions as an excitatory as well as an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome in a child.

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In search of the viewfinder: A study of a child's perspective

This paper reports on an investigation into a child's use of cameras as a means of gaining insights into a child's perspective. By bracketing adult assumptions about children and taking seriously the child's practices in camera use, I find evidence for a consistent yet non‐typical method of picture‐production. Further, this child's use of cameras calls attention to the question of what constitutes picture taking, a question of potential concern to visual sociologists.