cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The B cell receptor itself can activate complement to provide the complement receptor 1/2 ligand required to enhance B cell immune responses in vivo.

B cells express complement receptors (CRs) that bind activated fragments of C3 and C4. Immunized CR knockout (KO) mice have lower antibody titers and smaller germinal centers (GCs), demonstrating the importance of CR signals for the humoral immune response. CR ligands were thought to be generated via complement fixation mediated by preexisting “natural” IgM or early Ab from inefficiently activated B cells. This concept was recently challenged by a transgenic (Tg) mouse model that lacks circulating antibody but still retains membrane IgM (mIgM) and mounts normal immune responses. To test whether CR ligands could be generated by the B cell receptor (BCR) itself, we generated similar mice carrying a mutated mIgM that was defective in C1q binding. We found that B cells from such mutant mice do not deposit C3 on B cells upon BCR ligation, in contrast to B cells from mIgM mice. This has implications for the immune response: the mutant mice have smaller GCs than mIgM mice, and they are particularly deficient in the maintenance of the GC response. These results demonstrate a new BCR-dependent pathway that is sufficient and perhaps necessary to provide a CR1/2 ligand that promotes efficient B cell activation.
Thermal stability data of noncrystalline elemental solids

Amorphous solids crystallize, on heating, at a temperature,T x, ExperimentalT x data are compiled for amorphous elemental solids.
Variational aspects of the reaction in the method of moments

The reaction R(J/sub 1/, J/sub 2/) between two electric surface current densities J/sub 1/ and J/sub 2/ is the integral of the dot product of J/sub 1/ with the electric field produced by J/sub 2/. Jack H. Richmond (see ibid., vol.39, no.4, p.473-479, 1991) has correctly shown that the reaction is variational (a formula is variational if it has a stationary point at the quantity of interest) with Galerkin's method but is not necessarily variational when the non-Galerkin element method is applied in the manner where one set of functions is used to expand both J/sub 1/ and J/sub 2/ and another set of functions is used to test both the integral equation for J/sub 1/ and that for J/sub 2/. In this paper, the reaction R(J/sub 1/, J/sub 2/) is shown to be variational when the non-Galerkin method is applied in the manner of operation where the set of functions used to expand J/sub 2/ is the set of functions used to test the integral equation for J/sub 1/ and the set of functions used to test the integral equation for J/sub 2/ is the set of functions used to expand J/sub 1/. Hence, the manner of operation just described may be more appropriate than Richmond's if a variational result is desired. A few numerical results are included to compare the performance of both manners of operation. >
Inflammation and type 2 diabetes

Low-grade inflammation is a common feature in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Heart disease, the metabolic syndrome and T2D all have in common the increased concentration of circulatory cytokines as a result of inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines are produced by different cell types and secreted into the circulation, where they regulate different tissues through their local, central and peripheral actions. This review focuses on C-reactive protein (CRP), a well-established marker of the development of inflammation, on tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, an inflammatory marker strongly associated with diabetes, and on adiponectin, a cytokine produced by adipose tissue and associated with insulin sensitivity. While it is clear from the literature that these cytokines play a major role in the development of T2D or, in the case of adiponectin, its prevention, the best strategy for favourably altering the inflammatory response is still a matter of debate.
Strategies for swimming: explorations of the behaviour of a neuro-musculo-mechanical model of the lamprey

Experiments were performed on a neuro-musculo-mechanical model of a lamprey, to explore the strategies for controlling swimming speed. The muscle component of the model was based on previous experiments on isolated lamprey muscle. The patterns of muscle activation were those found in EMG studies on swimming lampreys. The fluid mechanics were modelled with G.I. Taylor's simplification. Tail beat frequencies of 2–6 sec−1 were combined with muscle activation strengths of 0.1% to 20% of maximum tetanic isometric strength. The resulting forward swimming speed and changing body shape were recorded. From the changing body shape the speed of the backward-travelling wave of curvature was calculated, as well as the ratio between the speeds of the waves of activation and curvature. For any given activation strength there was a tail beat frequency that gave maximal forward speed. Furthermore, for all the combinations of activation strength and tail beat frequency that gave such maximum swimming speeds, the ratio of the speed of the wave of curvature to the wave of muscle activation was approximately 0.75. This is similar to the ratio found in swimming lampreys.
Neuronal stress and injury in C57/BL mice after systemic kainic acid administration.

Kainate-induced seizures are widely studied as a model of human temporal lobe epilepsy due to behavioral and pathological similarities. While kainate-induced neuronal injury is well characterized in rats, relatively little data is available on the use of kainate and its consequences in mice. The growing availability of genetically altered mice has focused attention on the need for well characterized mouse seizure models in which the effects of specific genetic manipulations can be examined. We therefore examined the kainate dose-response relationship and the time-course of specific histopathological changes in C57/BL mice, a commonly used founder strain for transgenic technology. Seizures were induced in male C57/BL mice (kainate 10-40 mg/kg i.p.) and animals were sacrificed at various time-points after injection. Seizures were graded using a behavioral scale developed in our laboratory. Neuronal injury was assayed by examining DNA fragmentation using in situ nick translation histochemistry. In parallel experiments, we examined the expression an inducible member of the heat shock protein family, HSP-72, another putative marker of neuronal injury, using a monoclonal antibody. Seizure severity paralleled kainate dosage. At higher doses DNA fragmentation is seen mainly in hippocampus in area CA3, and variably in CA1, thalamus and amygdala within 24 h, is maximal within 72 h, and is largely gone by 7 days after administration of kainate. HSP-72 expression is also highly selective, occurring in limbic structures, and it evolves over a characteristic time-course. HSP-72 is expressed mainly in structures that also manifest DNA fragmentation. Using double-labeling techniques, however, we find essentially no overlap between neurons expressing HSP-72 and DNA fragmentation. These findings indicate that DNA fragmentation and HSP-72 expression are complementary markers of seizure-induced stress and injury, and support the notion that HSP-72 expression is neuroprotective following kainate-induced seizures.
Fasting energy, metabolism during lactation.

Summary Preliminary data obtained by an open-circuit-mask respiration method indicate that the total heat production of a lactating cow during fasting is about 10 per cent higher than that of a dry cow. Up to 60 hours of fast the heat production curves of both animals are essentially parallel, reaching a level at about 36 to 48 hours after feed. After 60 hours the heat production of the lactating animal further declined about 20 per cent. Certain data indicate that the higher level of total energy metabolism in the lactating cow is in a large measure due to heat increment of nutriment. During 72 hours of fast, the lactating cow continued to produce a relatively constant amount of milk fat, although her milk yield declined about 50 per cent. It is believed, therefore, that within the limits of these experiments, lactation as a mechanism was unchanged by fasting. Further investigation of digestion, absorption, and incident heat increment of nutriment appears to be necessary in order to evaluate true physiologic maintenance in the fasting ruminant. The probability of considerable absorption occurring 72 hours after food, suggests that the fasting level of total heat production is not an accurate measure of physiologic maintenance in the ruminant. Furthermore, differences in the speed of movement of alimentary residue during fasting, indicate that the fasting levels of total heat production in the lactating and dry cow are not comparable without further correction.
DIVAS: a centralized genetic variant repository representing 150 000 individuals from multiple disease cohorts

Motivation: A plethora of sequenced and genotyped disease cohorts is available to the biomedical research community, spread across many portals and represented in various formats. Results: We have gathered several large studies, including GERA and GRU, and computed population- and disease-specific genetic variant frequencies. In total, our portal provides fast access to genetic variants observed in 84 928 individuals from 39 disease populations. We also include 66 335 controls, such as the 1000 Genomes and Scripps Wellderly. Conclusion: Combining multiple studies helps validate disease-associated variants in each underlying data set, detect potential false positives using frequencies of control populations, and identify novel candidate disease-causing alterations in known or suspected genes. Availability and implementation: https://rvs.u.hpc.mssm.edu/divas Contact: ude.mssm@nehc.gnor Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Conserved mechanisms of Mycobacterium marinum pathogenesis within the environmental amoeba, Acanthamoeba castellanii

Mycobacterium marinum is a waterborne mycobacterial pathogen. Due to their common niche, protozoa likely represent natural hosts for M. marinum. We demonstrate that the ESX-1 secretion system is required for M. marinum pathogenesis and that M. marinum utilizes actin-based motility in amoebae. Therefore, at least two virulence pathways used by M. marinum in macrophages are conserved during M. marinum infection of amoebae.
Influence of Upstream and Downstream Compressor Stators on Rotor Exit Flow Field

Measurements acquired at the rotor exit plane illuminate the interaction of the rotor with the upstream vane row and the downstream vane row. The relative phase of the upstream and downstream vane rows is adjusted using vane clocking so that the effect of the upstream propagating potential field from the downstream stator can be distinguished from the effects associated with the wakes shed from the upstream stator. Unsteady absolute flow angle information shows that the downstream potential field causes the absolute flow angle to increase in the vicinity of the downstream stator leading edge. The presence of Stator 1 wake is also detected at this measurement plane using unsteady total pressure data. The rotor wakes are measured at different circumferential locations across the vane passage, and the influence of Stator 1 wake on the suction side of the rotor wake is evident. Also, the influence of the downstream stator is detected on the pressure side of the rotor wake for a particular clocking configuration. Understanding the role of the surrounding vane rows on rotor wake development will lead to improved comparison between experimental data and results from computational models.
Trigeminal nerve stimulation triggers oral mast cell activation and vascular permeability.

Abstract Background The nervous system contributes to the pathophysiology of allergic and inflammatory diseases, including oral inflammation. Mast cells (MCs) are involved in their pathogenesis through proinflammatory mediator release. Objective To investigate the effect of trigeminal nerve (TN) stimulation compared with sham operation on MC activation and oral vascular permeability in the gingiva, palate, buccal mucosa, and tongue of the rat and to examine the possible role of substance P using rats treated with capsaicin as neonates to deplete substance P. Methods Six male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 g) were anesthetized and injected intravenously with Evans Blue (EB). Six other rats were injected neonatally with capsaicin (n = 3) or solvent (n = 3) and then injected with EB when they reached 250 g. The mandibular branch of the TN was stimulated for 1 minute (n = 3), and the remaining rats (n = 3) were subjected to sham operation. The ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the mouth were examined for EB extravasation, and tissue sections were removed for light and electron microscopy. Results TN stimulation resulted in EB extravasation in the ipsilateral side compared with the contralateral side or the ipsilateral side of sham-operated rats. Significant degranulation of MCs also was evident only on the ipsilateral side ( P Conclusion This is the first time that TN stimulation has been shown to result in MC activation and oral vascular permeability, suggesting that MC inhibitors may be used for the treatment of oral inflammatory diseases.
Confronting the Material Convoy in Later Life

We adapt a metaphor from life course studies to designate the whole of one’s possessions, across time, as a convoy of material support. This dynamic collection of things supports daily life and the self, but it can also present difficulty in later life. To alleviate the purported burdens of the material convoy, a discourse has arisen that urges elders and their family members to reduce the volume of possessions. An analysis of 11 such possession management texts shows authors addressing two distinct audiences about elders’ need to downsize: family members and elders themselves. Authors who speak to family members do so with an urgent, unsentimental tone that echoes mainstream clutter-control advice about disorderly, overfull households. In texts for elders, the standard critique about consumption and unruly lives is gentler, more sensitive to the meaning of things, and underplays the emotions of divestment. There is stress on the responsibility to spare the next generation and control one’s legacy. These latter texts seem to respect that downsizing in later life symbolizes a narrowing of the life world.
Geometrical Fiber Configuration for Isolators and Magnetometers

Due to the Faraday effect, the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field (math) modifies the phase of a circularly polarized light wave, by an amount determined by the Verdet coefficient of the medium. The sign of this phase shift depends on the left or right handed character of the polarization, and also on the relative senses of the field and light propagation vectors. The phase shift may be detected in a ring interferometer where identical circularly polarized waves counterpropagate around the ring, or it may manifest itself as a change in the orientation of linearly polarized light resulting from the opposite phase shifts of its co-propagating left and right hand circularly polarized components.
Scan Statistics for Detecting a Local Change in Variance for Two Dimensional Normal Data

AbstractIn this article scan statistics for detecting a local change in variance for two dimensional normal data are discussed. When the precise size of the rectangular window where a local change in variance has occurred is unknown, multiple and variable window scan statistics are proposed. A simulation study is presented to evaluate the performance of the scan statistics investigated in this article via comparison of power. A method for estimating the rectangular region where a change in variance has occurred and the size of the change in variance is also discussed.
Does Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II provide a valid metric to directly compare disease severity in trauma versus surgical intensive care unit patients

The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score has never been validated to risk-adjust between critically ill trauma (TICU) and general surgical (SICU) intensive care unit patients, yet it is commonly used for such a purpose. To study this, we evaluated risk of death in TICU and SICU patients with pneumonia. We hypothesized that mortality for a given APACHE II would be significantly different and that using APACHE II to directly compare TICU and SICU patients would not be appropriate. We conducted a retrospective review of patients admitted to the TICU or SICU at a tertiary medical center over an 18-month period with pneumonia. Admission APACHE II scores, in-hospital mortality, demographics, and illness characteristics were recorded. One hundred eighty patients met inclusion criteria, 116 in the TICU and 64 in the SICU. Average APACHE II scores were not significantly different in the TICU versus SICU (25 vs 24; P = 0.4607), indicating similar disease severity; overall mortality rates, however, were significantly different (24 vs 50%; P = 0.0004). Components of APACHE II, which contributed to this mortality differential, were Glasgow Coma Score, age, presence of chronic health problems, and operative intervention. APACHE II fails to provide a valid metric to directly compare the severity of disease between TICU and SICU patients with pneumonia. These groups represent distinct populations and should be separated when benchmarking outcomes or creating performance metrics in ICU patients. Improved severity scoring systems are needed to conduct clinically relevant and methodologically valid comparisons between these unique groups.
Political Judgment and Transitional Justice: Actors and Spectators

Hannah Arendt was bitterly attacked for her controversial coverage of the Eichmann trial and even accused of betraying “a conscious desire to support Eichmann's defense,” yet she is now treated as a significant authority in theoretical debates on transitional justice. Like many contemporary human rights advocates, Arendt supported the development of international criminal justice institutions and argued that success or failure in dealing with crimes against humanity “can only lie in the extent to which this dealing may serve as a valid precedent on the road to international law.” At the same time, Arendt's critique of the Eichmann trial and her writings on forgiveness have influenced scholarship addressing the limitations of legalism as a response to systematic atrocities. South African leaders and activists associated with the TRC developed Arendt's argument that in contrast with revenge, forgiveness “does not merely re-act, but acts anew.” A number of legal and political theorists have argued that Arendt's reflections on forgiveness provide important insights for contemporary responses to political violence. Missing from these debates has been serious attention to one of Arendt's central theoretical concerns, which was to reconsider the role of political judgment in the aftermath of twentieth-century atrocities. Transitional justice institutions aspire to judge systematic political violence and advance political change, but their investigations are typically framed as apolitical responses to the deeds and experiences of individual victims and perpetrators.
Generation of skeletal myogenic progenitors from human pluripotent stem cells using non-viral delivery of minicircle DNA.

Abstract Currently, the most efficient and promising approach for generating large numbers of engraftable human skeletal myogenic progenitors from pluripotent stem cells requires the conditional in vitro overexpression of PAX7 using lentiviral vectors. Because a non-integrating approach would be preferable to eliminate or minimize the risk associated with random genomic integration, here we investigate whether transient expression of PAX7 using minicircle DNA would enable the generation of functional pluripotent stem cell-derived myogenic progenitors, equivalent to those generated by lentivirus. Our results demonstrate that upon multiple transfections, the minicircle approach allows for the scalable generation of myogenic progenitors and these undergo efficient terminal differentiation in vitro . However, transplantation of minicircle-generated myogenic progenitors resulted in limited engraftment. This is probably due to less efficient delivery and more transient PAX7 expression in these cultures since PAX7 downregulation is accompanied by high level of spontaneous differentiation. Thus, although the in vitro data shows that the minicircle approach could potentially replace the use of lentivirus, improvements in the transfection/expression system will be necessary before it will be a feasible strategy for the generation of myogenic progenitors for cell replacement therapy.
Utilizing crash and violation data to assess unsafe driving actions

Wyoming has one of the highest crash rates in the United States and a higher fatality rate than the U.S. average. These high rates result from many factors such as the high traffic through I-80 and the mountainous areas of Wyoming. This study employed two approaches to study contributory factors to crashes in the most hazardous interstate, I-80, in Wyoming by employing crash and citation data sets. Different factors may contribute to different driver actions so it is important to consider these crash causes separately. Thus, multiple logistic regression models were used in this study to examine the differences in crash-contributing factors for three driver actions: driving too fast for conditions, improper lane change, and no improper driving. These driver actions account for about 70% of all the crash causes on this interstate. The same violations as the two driver actions, improper lane change and driving too fast for conditions, account for 42% of all the crashes. The literature has indicated that previous violations can be used to predict future violations, and consequently crashes. Therefore, these violations were identified to detect the groups that are at higher risk of involvement in crashes. The analyses indicated that there are substantial differences across different driver actions for crash and violation data. For instance, not-dry-surface conditions increased the estimated odds of driving too fast for conditions 33 times while it decreased the risk of no improper driving by an estimated 250%. Crash severity, number of vehicles, vehicle maneuver, point of impact, driver condition, and speed compliance also impacted different driver actions differently. The results of violation analyses revealed that the interaction between types of vehicle and various variables were significant. For instance, nonresident truck drivers were more likely to violate all types of risky violations, which increased the estimated odds of crashes, compared with resident truck drivers. Recommendations based on the results are provided for policy makers to reduce high crash rate in the state.
LIBERTI: A SMART study in plastic surgery.

Background/aims:Laser treatment of burns scars is considered by some providers to be standard of care. However, there is little evidence-based research as to the true benefit. A number of factors hinder evaluation of the benefit of laser treatment. These include significant heterogeneity in patient response and possible delayed effects from the laser treatment. Moreover, laser treatments are often provided sequentially using different types of equipment and settings, so there are effectively a large number of overall treatment options that need to be compared. We propose a trial capable of coping with these issues and that also attempts to take advantage of the heterogeneous response in order to estimate optimal treatment plans personalized to each individual patient. It will be the first large-scale randomized trial to compare the effectiveness of laser treatments for burns scars and, to our knowledge, the very first example of the utility of a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial in plastic s...
Reactive Access Control Systems

In context-aware applications, user's access privileges rely on both user's identity and context. Access control rules are usually statically defined while contexts and the system state can change dynamically. Changes in contexts can result in service disruptions. To address this issue, this poster proposes a reactive access control system that associates contingency plans with access control rules. Risk scores are also associated with actions part of the contingency plans. Such risks are estimated by using fuzzy inference. Our approach is cast into the XACML reference architecture.
Effect of Nonlinear Stiffness on the Motion of a Flexible Pendulum

In this paper, we study the effect of a harmonicforcing function and the strength of a nonlinearityon a two-degrees-of-freedom system namely, an elasticpendulum, with internal resonance (for examplenonlinearly elastic springs). The equations can alsobe used to model the coupling between a ship's pitchand roll. The system considered here is modeled by amass hanging from a spring that is pinned at one endto the ground. The mass is free to move in the radialdirection, is also free to rotate about the pin joint, and subject to a periodic forcing function. Theforcing function used in this paper is in thetangential direction. The amplitude of the forcingfunction is used here as the control parameter and thesystem's dynamics are studied through the variation ofthis parameter.
Integrating Management Information Systems Following Organizational Mergers or Acquisitions.

Mergers and acquisitions have become a normal business occurrence for companies large and small. Integration of entities following mergers and acquisitions are often more painful and less successful than they could be. The integration of information technology functions plays a vital role in the ultimate results of such a merger by actualizing product and customer synergies, establishing best practices drawing from the best of each organization, and providing smooth transition to integrated reporting and decision systems. This study proposes to investigate best practice for information technology leaders for integration of functions following mergers and acquisitions, considering outcomes and metrics, pre-merger activities, human resources, culture, learning and other key issues. Results are presented as the distillation of comments extracted from a wide variety of perspectives, organizational situations, and personal reflections by MIS professionals. Additional observations are noted, and several emergent questions aimed at furthering our understanding of this phenomenon are presented.
United States v. Mead: More Pieces for the Chevron/Skidmore Deference Puzzle

This article was initially presented to the Administrative Law Discussion Forum at the University of Louisville's Brandeis School of Law in November of 2001. The article explores the implications of the recent Supreme Court case of United States v. Mead on the law governing judicial deference to administrative agency action. The article first examines the Mead Court's new test for Chevron deference and argues that such deference should instead turn upon whether or not the agency is engaged in law-making rather than law interpretation, that the Chevron deference doctrine is best conceived as a "doctrine of desperation," to be afforded by courts only when the traditional statutory interpretive processes fail to find legislative intent. The article then explores the Court's unexplained and puzzling use of the Skidmore deference doctrine to review an agency's application of law to fact, a doctrine that affords far too little deference in that context to the expertise of the agency. The article concludes that, with the Mead decision, the Supreme Court continues to complicate and confuse the law governing judicial deference to agency action.
Statins in rheumatic heart disease: taking the bite out?

“Rheumatic fever licks the joints, … but it bites the heart.” —Ernest-Charles Lasegue ([1][1]) Although infrequent in the developed world, rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a major health problem worldwide, and with increasing immigration over the past decades, will continue to be
On the evolution of structure in ecological networks

Previous research on simulated ecological networks has often focused on issues such as the distribution of the number of links between species, without generally categorizing the types of inter-species relationships that develop, unless those relationships are of some predesigned form (e.g., food webs). In this work we use a model system to examine general, dynamically-evolved ecological networks that are subject to occasional invasion by novel species. Keeping track of the specific types and numbers of interactions between species over time leads to insight on how these affect network stability, fragility and evolution. We discuss the role that assembly rules play on the evolutionary trajectories of randomly initialized communities. We also investigate the occurrence of certain types of interactions (e.g., cyclic) and quantify their destabilizing effect on the network. In particular, extinctions and secondary extinctions (“avalanches”) are related to these issues.
A Framework for Curriculum-Based Language Evaluations

Purpose Epidemiological research has indicated that students with language-based disorders are underidentified (Tomblin et al., 2007). Research has indicated that speech-language pathologists worki...
Vulvovaginal pyoderma gangrenosum in association with rituximab.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an uncommon inflammatory and ulcerative skin disease with 4 major clinical forms: ulcerative, vesicular-bullous, pustular, and superficial granulomatous/vegetative. Lesions are painful and most frequently occur on the lower extremities, although they can occur anywhere, including mucus membranes and peristomal sites. The pathophysiology of PG is speculative, but proposed mechanisms include loss of innate immune regulation or altered neutrophil chemotaxis.1 Biopsies most characteristically find neutrophilia, and the concept of neutrophil dysregulation has also been supported by the clinical response that may be seen with the use of antineutrophilic agents including colchicine and dapsone. Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 antigen on the surface of mature B cells. Rituximab was first approved for the treatment of low-grade B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in 1997 and now carries indications for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis, and pemphigus vulgaris. In addition to its approved therapeutic indications, rituximab may be efficacious in other immunobullous dermatoses, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), cutaneous lupus erythematosus, chronic graft-versus-host-disease, and dermatomyositis.2 To our knowledge, only a few cases of vulvovaginal PG associated with rituximab use have been reported and none within the dermatologic literature.
An Open Letter to Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg

This "open letter" examines a common claim that appears in Justice Ginsburg's dissenting opinion in Masterpiece Cakeshop--namely, that a custom cake baker who declines to bake a cake for a same-sex couple's wedding is acting "solely based on the identity" of the couple-- and argues that the claim is not only demonstrably false but is also unfortunate in aggravating cultural divisions and precluding acceptable middle ground resolutions.
Barriers to the Adoption of Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors for Power Electronics

Wide-bandgap power semiconductor devices offer enormous energy efficiency gains in a wide range of potential applications. As silicon-based semiconductors are fast approaching their performance limits for high power requirements, wide-bandgap semiconductors such as gallium nitride and silicon carbide with their superior electrical properties are likely candidates to replace silicon in the near future. Along with higher blocking voltages wide-bandgap semiconductors offer breakthrough relative circuit performance enabling low losses, high switching frequencies, and high temperature operation. However, even with the considerable materials advantages, a number of challenges are preventing widespread adoption of power electronics using WBG semiconductors.
A New Species of Neoalbionella (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Lernaeopodidae) From Skin of the Gulper Shark, Centrophorus granulosus (Squaliformes: Centrophoridae) In the Northern Gulf of Mexico.

Using light and scanning electron microscopy of male and female copepods, we herein describe a new species of Neoalbionella Ozdikmen, 2008 (Copepoda: Lernaeopodidae), Neoalbionella benzipirata n. sp., infecting the skin of the gulper shark, Centrophorus granulosus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801), in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Females of the new species were assigned to Neoalbionella by having 3 setae on the maxillule lateral palp (vs. 2 setae in Lernaeopoda Nordmann, 1832) and a single accessory denticle on the maxilliped subchela claw (vs. ≥2 denticles in Lernaeopoda). Females of the new species resemble those of Neoalbionella longicaudata ( Hansen, 1923 ) Ozdikmen, 2008 but can be differentiated from them and those of all congeners by having a unique configuration of 16 dorsocephalic sensilla; an antennule terminal segment having 6 apical setae comprising tubercles 1 and 3, digitiform seta 4, 2 subequal setae of complex 5, and flagelliform seta 6; an antenna exopod with a thickened dorsal ridge, smooth (convex) outer surface with 2 short papillae, and rugose (concave) inner surface plus a terminal endopodal segment having a large dorsal hook, medial spine, bifid distal tubercle, and spinulose ventral process; a mandible having the formula P1, S1, P1, S1, P1, S1, B5; and a single pair of anterolateral spines on the mouth cone labium. Males attached to the posteroventral surface of the females' genital trunk were assigned to Neoalbionella by having tapered (not inflated) caudal rami directed posteroventrally. They were differentiated from previously reported congeneric males by having an antennule with the same number and configuration of apical setae as the female; an antenna with a spatulate exopod having minute spinules along its apex plus a terminal endopodal segment with components the same as the female; a mandible with formula P2, S1, P1, S1, B5; a labium with 1 pair of anterolateral spines like the female; and a conspicuous mediative process with bifid tip. Detail of the dorsocephalic shield (in females) and mouth cone labium (in both sexes) previously had not been used to diagnose Neoalbionella spp. We also dissected voucher specimens of " Neoalbionella longicaudata" (collected from gulper sharks in the western Pacific Ocean off Japan by Shiino in 1956), which we morphologically diagnosed as an innominate species, Neoalbionella sp. This is the first report of a species of Neoalbionella from the Gulf of Mexico and the second species of Neoalbionella reported from C. granulosus, a deepwater shark seldom encountered and surveyed for parasitology.
Social justice advocacy in mental health services: Consumer, community, training, and policy perspectives.

This article addresses important aspects of and strategies for social justice advocacy in mental health care across consumer, community, educational, and policy domains. Social justice advocacy is intentional and sustained action intended to influence public policy outcomes, with and/or on behalf of a vulnerable individual, group, community, or the public at large. The paper presents a series of policy and advocacy levels of change, which may be used to promote social justice among individuals with mental health disorders with an emphasis on how psychologists can be valuable in these efforts. These social justice advocacy approaches are presented in a 3-level bio/socioecological framework at the micro, meso, and macro levels based on Bronfenbrenner's theoretical model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Academic, Attendance, and Behavioral Outcomes of a Suspension Reduction Policy: Lessons for School Leaders and Policy Makers:

Background: Exclusionary discipline (e.g. suspension and expulsion) is associated with lower student achievement, drop-out, and involvement in the juvenile justice system. Recently, states and scho...
Using machine learning to quantify the impacts of genetically modified crops on US midwest corn yields

Abstract Global food security is becoming increasingly stressed by growing populations and climate change. To compensate for these stresses, crop yields must increase throughout the upcoming century. One of the more prominently featured solutions entails genetically modified crops, but their impacts on yields are contested. Here, we leverage machine learning techniques to examine the effects genetically modified crops have had on US corn yields. In particular, a principal components analysis conducted on US Midwest county yields reveals that the commercialization of genetically modified corn accentuated preexisting spatial disparities in production and explains approximately 6–12% of the region's inter-county variation in yields from 1980 to 2015. Additionally, counterfactual yield trajectories predicted by Bayesian structural time series models using non-genetically modified crops as synthetic controls suggest that the adoption of this biotechnology amounted to an approximate 13% increase in overall US corn yields from 1996 to 2015.
The role of deliberate practice in expert performance: revisiting Ericsson, Krampe & Tesch-Römer (1993).

We sought to replicate Ericsson, Krampe & Tesch-Romer's (Ericsson, Krampe & Tesch-Romer 1993 Psychol. Rev. 100, 363–406) seminal study on deliberate practice. Ericsson et al. found that differences...
Histories of Elites, Redux: Oligarchs, Families, and Power

This essay reviews the following works: Families in War and Peace: Chile from Colony to Nation. By Sarah C. Chambers. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2015. Pp. xi + 288. $25.95 paperback. ISBN: 9780822358831. Of Love and Other Passions: Elites, Politics, and Family in Bogota, Colombia, 1778–1870. By Guiomar Duenas-Vargas. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2015. Pp. xii + 268. $55.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780826355850. The Oligarchy and the Old Regime in Latin America, 1880–1970. By Dennis Gilbert. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2017. Pp. x + 293. $29.95 paperback. ISBN: 9781442270909. Los terratenientes de la pampa argentina: Una historia social y politica. By Roy Hora. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI, 2015. Pp. 390. $21.96 paperback. ISBN: 9789876295567. Una familia de la elite argentina: Los Senillosa, 1810–1930. By Roy Hora and Leandro Losada. Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros, 2015. Pp. 166. $46.72 paperback. ISBN: 9789875747463.
Response rates and lesion-level progression patterns of solid tumor patients in an academic phase I program: implications for tumour heterogeneity

Abstract Background Sequencing studies have demonstrated extensive genetic heterogeneity between and within tumor lesions in treated metastatic solid tumor patients. The response of individual tumor lesions to therapy is a reflection of subclonal inhibition and growth in the face of selective pressure. Are there lesion-level progression patterns that would provide insights into the biological heterogeneity that underpins response and resistance?. Methods Retrospective review of patients with histologically confirmed metastatic solid tumors who were treated at Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center’s phase 1 center from October 1, 2010 to September 30, 2015 and had at least two radiographic assessments, 30 days apart. 769 study participants were enrolled in a phase 1 trial during the study period, of which 575 had at least two radiographic evaluations. 427 participants had more than one lesion at baseline and displayed progression of at least one lesion (growth of at least 20% or a new lesion). We categorized the lesion-level progression patterns of these 427 patients. Results Study participants had a mean of 2.6 prior lines of therapy in the metastatic setting with an average of 6.3 tumor lesions on their baseline scan involving an average of 3 organs. Of the 427 study patients with progressive lesions, 24% of patients had progression at a single lesion and 49% of patients had progression in a single organ when they were taken off-study or at data cut-off. 10% of patients exhibited simultaneous response (shrinkage of at least 30%) and progression in different lesions. Across our entire 575 patient cohort, liver lesions were 2.9 times as likely to progress than other lesions regardless of cancer types. Conclusions The significant proportion of patients with progression at a single lesion or organ demonstrates that clonal heterogeneity has important clinical implications. Liver lesions may have microenvironment-specific factors that increase the likelihood of progression relative to other organ sites. Legal entity responsible for the study The authors. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure C. Chen: Advisory / Consultancy: Blackstone Life Sciences; Advisory / Consultancy: HotSpot Therapeutics; Advisory / Consultancy: Foundation Medicine. D. Juric: Advisory / Consultancy: Novartis; Advisory / Consultancy: Genentech; Advisory / Consultancy: Eisai; Advisory / Consultancy: Syros; Advisory / Consultancy: Ipsen; Research grant / Funding (self): Eisai; Research grant / Funding (self): Genentech; Research grant / Funding (self): Celgene; Research grant / Funding (self): Takeda; Research grant / Funding (self): javascript:%20create_table_line(’1’,%20new%20Array(’ent’,%20’des’,%20’tor’));Celgene; Research grant / Funding (self): Placon Therapeutics; Research grant / Funding (self): Syros; Research grant / Funding (self): EMD Serono; Research grant / Funding (institution): Novartis. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
A Colorful Involution for the Generating Function for Signed Stirling Numbers of the First Kind

We show how the generating function for signed Stirling numbers of the first kind can be proved using the involution principle and a natural combinatorial interpretation based on cycle-colored permuations.
Location of menaquinone and menaquinol headgroups in model membranes

Menaquinones are lipoquinones that consist of a headgroup (naphthoquinone, menadione) and an isoprenyl sidechain. They function as electron transporters in prokaryotes such as Mycobacterium tubercu...
Interdisciplinary research and technological impact.

Interdisciplinary research has been considered as a solution to today's complex societal challenges. While its relationship with scientific impact has been extensively studied, the technological impact of interdisciplinary research remains unexplored. Here, we examine how interdisciplinarity is associated with technological impact at the paper level. We measure the degree of interdisciplinarity of a paper using three popular indicators, namely variety, balance, and disparity, and track how it gets cited by patented technologies over time. Drawing on a large sample of biomedical papers published in 18 years, we find that papers that cites more fields (variety) and whose distributions over those cited fields are more even (balance) are more likely to receive patent citations, but both effects can be offset if papers draw upon more distant fields (disparity). Those associations are consistent across different citation-window lengths. Additional analysis that focuses on the subset of papers with at least one patent citation reveals that the intensity of their technological impact, as measured as the number of patent citations, increases with balance and disparity. Our work may have policy implications for interdisciplinary research and scientific and technology impact.
Environmental Stress Cracking and Solvent Effects in High-Performance Polymeric Composites

The environmental stress cracking (ESC) behavior of three carbon fiber-reinforced high-performance thermoplastic composite systems and a thermoplastic toughened thermoset composite system, in the presence of organic solvents, was investigated. Three-point bending/ flexure tests were conducted on [90°] 4 s (unidirectional) composite coupons. Results from the flexure tests showed a 10 to 30% drop in the bending strength of the composite specimens when solvents were applied just prior to the testing. Scanning electron micrographs of the fracture surfaces show differences in the failure modes as well as the microstructure. ESC was observed in the cross-ply specimens after solvent exposures from an hour up to a day, in the absence of external mechanical loads due to residual stresses. The effect of different solvents on the polymers and the resulting ESC phenomena could partially be explained by the differences in the solubility parameters of the concerned solvents and polymers.
Integration of buried dual-junction photodetection with ratiometric FRET-based biosensing: Results and design considerations

Abstract Fluorescence-based sensing powers laboratory-based bioanalytical systems. However, translating fluorescence-based bioanalytical sensing to benchtop or portable commercial platforms poses several technical challenges, including long-term sensor stability and fabrication complexity. To overcome such challenges, we designed, fabricated, and validated a novel ratiometric fluorescence assay which can be integrated with a commercial LED and a microfabricated dual-wavelength detector. With our integrated system, we were able to achieve direct, light intensity-independent, ratiometric sensing of a small molecule (tartaric acid) through a single detection window without complex electronic circuitry. We also present the integrated spectral effects between the buried dual-junction (BDJ) photodetector and the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) system over the relevant wavelength range. These results demonstrate both the feasibility and path to the development of an integrated sensing device which couples chemical and electronic systems.
Racialized im/possibilities: Intersectional queer-of-color critique on Japaneseness in Netflix’s Queer Eye: We’re in Japan!

This essay examines im/possibilities of Queer Eye: We’re in Japan! that represents the concept of Japaneseness. More precisely, this essay is concerned with how Queer Eye: We’re in Japan! reinserts...
Conceptualizing Virtual Instructional Resource Enactment in an Era of Greater Centralization, Specification of Quality Instructional Practices, and Proliferation of Instructional Resources:

This article conceptualizes the enactment of virtual instructional resources. We propose a framework that combines traditional concepts of curricular enactment (e.g., the designated, intended, and ...
Adipose stem cells for peripheral nerve engineering

Abstract US healthcare expenditures remain in the hundreds of billions of dollars for treating peripheral nerve injury (PNI) every year, and therapies that advance the standard of care are critically necessary. Further, there is a profound socioeconomic impact resulting from PNI, as four of every 10 individuals experiencing these injuries do not return to work 1 year postoperatively owing to residual complications. As the prevalence and acceptance of clinical cellular therapies continue to increase, cell-based treatments that complement or augment current care for nerve injury are being introduced. The use of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) may be the ideal candidate for such investigation. ASCs are convenient to harvest relative to other stromal cells, have been shown to mediate injury-induced inflammation, and are able to be differentiated into phenotypes relevant to neural repair in vitro. Further, ASCs have shown in several studies their ability to secrete nerve-specific cytokines, including neural growth factor (NGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In vivo studies have shown ASCs to be capable of regenerating neuromuscular function, increasing Schwann cell presence, and reducing scar formation, though the attempts to translate ASC therapies for PNI clinically have not been realized. While there are nearly 400 investigations registered on ClinicalTrials.gov related to ASC therapies, there are currently (as of late 2020) no studies seeking to utilize ASCs for PNI. Based on the myriad of promising preclinical data, however, the prospective utility of ASC therapies is seemingly soon to be realized.