cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Collagen-agarose co-gels as a model for collagen-matrix interaction in soft tissues subjected to indentation.

The mechanical properties of soft tissues depend on the collagen fiber network and the surrounding non-fibrillar matrix. The mechanical role of non-fibrillar material remains poorly understood. Our recent study (Lake and Barocas, 2011) introduced collagen-agarose co-gels as a simple experimental model system to evaluate the mechanical contribution of non-fibrillar matrix, and evaluated co-gel properties in uniaxial tension. In this study, we utilized similar co-gels to examine collagen-matrix interaction in tissues subjected to incremental stress-relaxation indentation tests. Mechanical testing was performed using two orthogonal custom test devices and polarized light imaging was used to quantify 3D collagen fiber kinematics under load. The addition of agarose led to concentration-dependent changes in the time-dependent mechanical response and magnitude/spread of collagen fiber reorganization of tissue analogs. Specifically, peak/relaxed loads increased, and relaxation rate decreased, with increasing agarose concentration. In addition, increasing agarose content led to larger magnitude changes in orientation direction and alignment strength that were more localized near the indenter. Results suggest that non-fibrillar material significantly contributes to the behavior of co-gels in indentation, likely by reducing permeability and resisting volume change, thereby providing insight into the properties of artificial and native tissues subjected to non-tensile loading.
DNA polymerase activity of mung bean seedlings

Abstract DNA polymerase activity has been demonstrated in extracts and protein fractions of the seedlings of a higher plant, Phaseolus aureus, the mung bean. The bulk of the activity appears to be concentrated in the roots. The level of activity is consistent with the assumption that polymerase activity reflects the DNA content of an organism.
TH‐E‐ValA‐07: IMRT Dosimetry with An Active Matrix Flat Panel Dosimeter

Purpose: Dosimetric performance of a fully‐customized Active Matrix Flat Panel Dosimeter (AMFPD) is reported for IMRT measurements in a solidwater phantom. Method and Materials: The AMFPD consists of a‐Si:H photodiodes and thin film transistorsdeposited on a glass substrate. No scintillator screen or copper plate is present above the photodiodes. The device is operated in a continuous acquisition mode asynchronously with the radiation beam delivery at 0.8 fps. Prior to field delivery, a dark frame was acquired to take into account dark signal contributions to the radiation signal including any lag effects from previous irradiations. Dose was determined by summing the corresponding radiation frames (after subtracting from each frame a dark frame obtained prior to radiation delivery), correcting for defective pixels, applying a pixel‐to‐pixel gain correction, and then applying the measured dose response calibration curve. The response of the AMFPD was evaluated as a function of the applied bias voltage across the photodiodes, as this parameter affects dark signal, lag contributions, and sensitivity. In addition, the AMPFD response was evaluated as a function of dose, dose rate, and energy for static fields at 10 cm depth. For comparison, SMLC and DMLC IMRT fields were measured with the AMFPD and film, using standard methods for reliable film dosimetry. All comparisons were made in absolute dose values of cGy. Results: In continuous acquisition mode, the AMFPD maintained a linear dose response (correlation coefficient r2>0.9999) up to 1040 cGy over the period of study (six months). In order to obtain reliable integrated dose results for IMRT fields, effects of lag on the radiation signal were minimized. Compared to film, the AMFPD results were excellent, generally within 2% /±2 mm. Conclusion: We found that the AMFPD can be used as a dosimeter at multiple depths in phantom for static, SMLC and DMLC IMRT fields.
A study of the gender differences in morbidity among individuals diagnosed with alcohol abuse and/or dependence

The majority of studies on medical consequences of excessive alcohol consumption have been carried out with male subjects, mostly from clinical or hospitalized samples. The purpose of this report was to study differences in morbidity outcomes of men and women among respondents diagnosed with alcohol abuse and/or dependence. Utilizing data from the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, this study compared several indicators of physical morbidity among male and female respondents meeting the criteria for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) alcohol abuse and/or dependence. The results revealed complex gender differences, not all of which can be explained by differences in sociodemographic characteristics or drinking practices. Moreover, the results indicated that it is inadequate to generalize results based on morbidity data of men with alcohol abuse and/or dependence to their female counterparts or female drinkers. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Dynamic Stark shift and alignment-to-orientation conversion

We have observed alignment-to-orientation conversion in the $(5d6p)$ ${}^{1}P$ state of atomic barium due to the combined effects of a static Zeeman shift and a dynamic Stark shift associated with the electric field of a pulsed laser beam. The measurements yield a value for the frequency-dependent tensor polarizability of the state in reasonable agreement with a simple perturbation theory calculation. With a tunable laser producing the dynamic Stark shift, we can both enhance the magnitude of the effect by tuning close to a resonance and reverse the sign of the orientation by tuning above or below the resonance. This method of producing an oriented atomic state is quite general, and with easily available field strengths can produce large orientations.
Effective utilization of IBM 3090 large virtual storage in the numerically intensive computations of ab into molecular orbitals

A new level of storage hierarchy, called Expanded Storage and available on the IBM 3090 system, is utilized by the MVS/XA™ operating system as high-speed paging equipment, allowing a user to hold application data in large virtual storage. To exploit the large virtual storage capability of the IBM 3090, a new application technique was developed for numerically intensive computations of inline ab initio off molecular orbitals where high-speed transfer of a vast amount of intermediate data is a common requirement of most application programs. An application program running under MVS/XA was modified so that it could handle a vast amount of intermediate data in large virtual storage combined with Expanded Storage, achieving a 4- to 10-fold improvement in turnaround time at a CPU rate-determining step (SCF step) in medium-sized molecules.
Incontinencia fecal del adulto

Fecal incontinence in adults The aim of this paper is to review the knowledge of this pathology by highlighting the clinical evolution, study and treatment. These different aspects need a multidisciplinary approach, because of their complex physiopathology, possible association with urinary incontinence and prolapse of the three compartments of the pelvis. The fecal incontinence (FI) constitutes a highly prevalent pathology that affects at least 2% of the population and up to 45% of the patients in nursing homes. This pathology can cause serious problems in physical, psychological, social, and economical levels. The clinical evaluation may identify or suspect the cause, and guide the study of FI. The initial treatment of the FI should always be medical one, often associa- ted to biofeedback and the surgical treatment should be only reserved for refractory FI. Sphincteroplasty is indicated by defi ned defaults of the external sphincter, with good initial results (at least 70%) that fall to 50% in 5 years. The artifi cial neosphincter and the dynamic graciloplasty represent an option for patient without suffi cient sphincter mass for a plasty. In the last few years new techniques have appear with promising re- sults, as the neuromodulation that uses electrodes in the sacral plexus or applied to the posterior tibial nerve. In conclusion the IF is a problem of large prevalence but kept in shadows because the patients tend to have reticence to declare it, and the doctors to inquire about. The focus should be multidisciplinary and the initial treatment must be medical one. The surgical treatment should be reserved for refractory FI.
Percutaneous interventricular septal access in a patient with aortic and mitral mechanical valves: A novel technique for catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia

Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) is typically performed using either the atrial transseptal approach or a retrograde aortic approach in order to gain access to the left ventricle (LV). However, neither approach is feasible in the setting of mechanical aortic and mitral valve replacements, given the risk of catheter entrapment and death.1, 2 Therefore, approaches that avoid traversing these valves, such as a percutaneous trans-apical approach, have been developed.3-6 However, the trans-apical approach is associated with a significant rate of access related complications, particularly bleeding at the puncture site, and necessitates the placement of closure devices in the LV.7, 8 We describe a novel percutaneous inter-ventricular transseptal puncture technique and placement of a sheath across the inter-ventricular septum for catheter ablation of VT. This method allowed for stable LV access and spontaneous closure of the septal access site.
Deontic Restrictions Are Not Agent-Relative Restrictions

The primary purpose of this essay is to offer a critique of a particular program within moral and political philosophy. This program can be stated quite succinctly. It is to account for agents' being subject to deontic restrictions on the basis of their possession of agent-relative reasons for acting in accordance with those restrictions. Needless to say, the statement of this program requires some further explication. Specifically, two claims require explanation: (1) the reasons individuals have for or against engaging in particular actions are, at least to a very significant extent, agent-relative rather than agent-neutral; and (2) agents' conduct toward others is subject to deontic restrictions. Finally, (3) I need to explain why an agent's possession of agent-relative reasons for performing or refraining from certain actions may be thought to explain that agent's being subject to certain deontic restrictions.
Transient phase conjugation by stimulated Brillouin scattering: numerical analysis of zero-order solutions

The transient buildup of a phase-conjugate, stimulated-Brillouin-scattering Stokes beam is considered. A zero-order numerical solution to the governing equations is found. An efficient numerical algorithm is developed that requires approximately 1 s of Cray C-90 computer CPU time per time increment for solution of the two-dimensional equations. The temporal variation of the phase-conjugate fidelity and reflectivity is calculated. Conjugate fidelity is shown to reach high values well before peak reflectivity, which is achieved in tens of phonon lifetimes.
Reality shock: the link between socialisation and organisational commitment

Reality shock occurs when a new employee's expectations, established prior to joining an organisation, differ significantly from what is experienced upon entering the organisation. This paper examines the organisational commitment and organisational entry literatures, and develops a model that links these two bodies of theory. It is hypothesised that reality shock has a negative impact on the degree to which an individual is committed to the organisation. Three strategies are suggested for reducing reality shock and building commitment.
An interactive web application for visualizing climate data

Massive volumes of data are being created as modeling centers from around the world finalize their submission of climate simulations for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 5 (CMIP5), in preparation for the forthcoming Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). Scientists, resource managers, and other potential users of climate data are faced with the daunting task of analyzing, distilling, and summarizing this unprecedented wealth of climate information.
Using gene therapy to manipulate the immune system in the fight against B-cell leukemias.

Introduction: Over 20 years ago, chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) were created to endow T cells with new antigen-specificity and create a therapy that could eradicate cancer and provide life-long protection against recurrence. Steady progress has led to significant improvements with CAR design and CAR T-cell production, allowing evaluation of CAR T cells in patients. The initial trials have targeted CD19, which is expressed on normal and malignant B cells.Areas covered: We review data from trials for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). In addition, we discuss the on-target toxicities, B-cell aplasia and cytokine release syndrome (CRS), which is uniquely associated with T-cell immunotherapies.Expert opinion: We compare the results when targeting the same antigen in CLL or B-ALL and speculate on reasons for outcome differences and future directions to enhance outcomes. Furthermore, the dramatic results targeting B-ALL require further analysis in...
RNA polymerase II with open and closed trigger loops: active site dynamics and nucleic acid translocation.

RNA polymerase II is the central eukaryotic enzyme in transcription from DNA to RNA. The dynamics of RNA polymerase II is described from molecular-dynamics simulations started from two crystal structures with open and closed trigger loop (TL) forms. Dynamic transitions between neutral and forward translocated states were observed, especially for the downstream DNA duplex. Dynamic rearrangements were also seen in the active site environment, including conformations in which the active site nucleotide assumed a possibly precatalytic conformation in close proximity to the terminal 3′-hydroxyl of the nascent RNA. Because nucleic acid translocation was observed primarily in the simulations with an open TL structure, whereas close approach of the active site nucleotide to the terminal RNA ribose predominantly occurred in the closed TL structure, a modified Brownian ratchet mechanism is proposed whereby thermally driven translocation is only possible with an open TL, and fidelity control and catalysis require TL closing.
Energy criteria for finite hyperelasticity

Abstract : The equations of hyperelasticity have the special feature that their natural entropy is not a globally convex function. Strict convexity of the entropy function is essential in formulating a physically reasonable entropy criterion for shock waves. In this paper we show that the natural entropy of the equations of hyperelasticity is uniformly convex when restricted to the shock curves. This fact enables us to prove the equivalence of the entropy criterion and Lax's shock conditions for existence of weak shocks for problems that are genuinely nonlinear. Furthermore, for problems that are not necessarily genuinely nonlinear we study the (generalized) 'E-condition' and show that it is indeed a generalization of the entropy condition. Finally, we consider the viscosity criterion which requires that a motion of a hyperelastic body is the limit of smooth motions of a family of viscoelastic materials. The relationship between the energy criterion, the E-condition, and the viscosity criterion is then discussed. (Author)
Structure-activity relationships (SAR) of some tetracyclic heterocycles related to the immunosuppressive agent brequinar sodium

The structure-activity relationships of some tetracyclic heterocycles related to Brequinar were explored. Activities as inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and the mixed lymphocyte reaction are related to ring system, heteroatom placement, and pendant ring substitution.
On the graphical solution of heat-flow problems having convection boundary conditions

Abstract The use of orthogonal mapping procedures in heat-transfer analysis is often restricted to cases of isothermal and/or insulated boundaries. It is shown that a graphical construction called the “fictive isothermal surface” having certain well defined properties will permit such mapping solutions to be made when fluid convection exists on the solid boundaries and the surface temperature varies from point to point. Rules for the construction of the fictive isothermal surface are given and a short catalogue of orthogonal maps derived from electrical analogue studies shows the form the fictive isothermal surface takes in systems of practical interest.
Deposition of Copper Particles and Films by the Displacement of Two Immiscible Supercritical Phases and Subsequent Reaction

Copper (Cu) particles and films were produced by forming Cu(II) compound (Cu(hfac)2·H2O) films on substrates using a displacement from two immiscible supercritical phases (DISP) technique followed ...
The impact of functional constipation on quality of life of middle-aged Black Americans: a prospective case-control study.

Purpose To quantify the impact of constipation on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Black Americans.
New telemetering devices

Two new auxiliary devices, the torque balance load injector and the torque balance converter, have been designed for use with the torque balance telemeter and other types of telemeters. These developments will add greatly to the flexibility and performance of telemeter systems.
A design environment for addressing architecture and compiler interactions

Abstract Often a computer architecture is designed and implemented without determining whether its associated compilers will actually use all of the architecture's features. A more effective machine can result when the interactions between an architecture and a compiler are addressed. This paper presents an environment that integrates the tasks of translating a source program to machine instructions for a proposed architecture, imitating the execution of these instructions and collecting measurements. The environment, which is easily retargeted and quickly collects detailed measurements, facilitates experimentation with a proposed architecture and a compiler.
The impact of banning smoking in workplaces

Smoke-free workplace legislation reduces the exposure of both the general public and the workforce to second-hand smoke (SHS) without evidence of an increased exposure to SHS in children in the home. The reductions in exposure are linked to improved respiratory health in previously heavily exposed occupational groups such as bar, restaurant and casino staff. From some countries, there is evidence suggesting that smoking bans have led to declines in hospital admissions for myocardial infarction. There is general agreement that smoking bans, if associated with other tobacco control measures such as tax increases, together with provision of cessation supports, lead to a reduction in the numbers of cigarettes smoked and probably lower smoking rates. Most cities, regions and countries report neutral or positive economic impacts.
The complementarity of behavioral styles among female same-gender romantic couples

This study extended previous research on complementarity through the examination of female same-gender romantic dyads. One-hundred and forty-four women (72 couples) completed interpersonal circumplex ratings of their romantic partner and a relationship measure of love and harmony. Results indicated that high levels of relationship quality were reported by participants who were warm and submissive or who had partners who possessed these characteristics. Additionally, members of female same-gender couples tended to complement each other in terms of dominance but not warmth. However, consistent with past research stressing the unique importance female same-gender couples tend to prescribe to relationship equality, dyads that contained members who were equivalent in terms of dominance tended to experience high levels of relationship quality. In the past few years, civil rights issues among gay and lesbian couples have taken center stage in the political sphere. In the United States, gay and lesbian couples have struggled (and in most cases are still struggling) to maintain rights afforded to their heterosexual peers, such as legally acknowledged marriage and the ability to adopt children. At the heart of the debate about these civil rights lies the assumption that gay and lesbian relationships are “different” than heterosexual relationships (cf. Family Research Council, 2010). However, contrary to this belief, research examining female same-gender romantic couples has tended to find that these romantic relationships are extremely similar to heterosexual relationships across a wide range of variables. Female
Femtomolar Sensitivity of Metalloregulatory Proteins Controlling Zinc Homeostasis

Intracellular zinc is thought to be available in a cytosolic pool of free or loosely bound Zn(II) ions in the micromolar to picomolar range. To test this, we determined the mechanism of zinc sensors that control metal uptake or export in Escherichia coli and calibrated their response against the thermodynamically defined free zinc concentration. Whereas the cellular zinc quota is millimolar, free Zn(II) concentrations that trigger transcription of zinc uptake or efflux machinery are femtomolar, or six orders of magnitude less than one atom per cell. This is not consistent with a cytosolic pool of free Zn(II) and suggests an extraordinary intracellular zinc-binding capacity. Thus, cells exert tight control over cytosolic metal concentrations, even for relatively low-toxicity metals such as zinc.
Accurate computation of the Hotelling template for SKE/BKE detection tasks

An accurate method for evaluating the Hotelling observer for large linear systems is generalized. The method involves solving an m -channel channelized Hotelling observer where the channels are refined in an iterative manner. Challenging numerical examples are shown in order to illustrate the method and give a sense of the convergence rates as a function of m .
EAPII interacts with ETS1 and modulates its transcriptional function

Ets proteins constitute a family of conserved sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins and function as transcription factors. ETS1 plays important roles in differentiation, lymphoid cell development, invasiveness and angiogenesis. Such diverse roles of ETS1 are likely to be dependent on its associated proteins. A yeast two-hybrid screen was conducted and here we describe a novel ETS1 interacting protein designated as ETS1-associated protein II (EAPII). EAPII protein interacts with ETS1 and other Ets proteins (ETS2 and FLI1) both in vitro and in vivo. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated that EAPII is predominately localized to the nucleus of mammalian cells. EAPII negatively modulates ETS1 transcriptional activity and attenuates synergistic transactivation by ETS1 and AP-1. Significantly, re-expression of EAPII inhibits the migration of epithelial cancer cells, but does not affect cell viability. Therefore, EAPII is a novel ETS1 modulator that regulates specific aspects of the ETS1 functions.
Structure of the Drosophila DNA topoisomerase I gene and expression of messages with different lengths in the 3′ untranslated region

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of the Drosophila DNA topoisomerase I gene ( top1 ) has been determined. Structurally, top1 consists of eight exons and seven introns. The top1 coding region contains a new class of opa repeats, encoding clusters of serine residues instead of glutamine repeats usually seen in Drosophila genes of the neurogenic loci. A unique feature of top1 is the developmental switch of its transcripts: a heterogeneous population of transcripts ranging from 3.8 to 4.2 kb seen maximally at 0–2 h of embryogenesis and a 5.2-kb transcript maximal at 6–12 h of embryonic development. The transcripts expressed in the 0–2-h embryo have been shown as maternal storage products specific to ovarian tissues. RACE analysis shows that whereas the 6–12-h transcripts have a single site for polyadenylation, there are at least 12 different sites for poly(A) addition to the 0–2-h transcripts. An additional intron specific for the maternal storage transcripts appears in some of the 0–2-h transcripts. No significant heterogeneity at the 5′ end of the top1 transcripts is seen. Sequence searches have revealed a number of regulatory sequences for potential translational control in the 3′ untranslated region.
Data Analysis in Mixed Research: A Primer

The purpose of this methodological article is to provide a primer for conducting a mixed analysis—the term used for analyzing data in mixed research. Broadly speaking, a mixed analysis involves using quantitative and quantitative data analysis techniques within the same study. In particular, a heuristic example using real data from a published study entitled “Perceptions of Barriers to Reading Empirical Literature: A Mixed Analysis” ( Benge, Onwuegbuzie, Burgess, & Mallette, 2010) is used with the aid of screenshots to illustrate how a researcher can conduct a quantitative dominant mixed analysis, wherein the quantitative analysis component is given higher priority and qualitative data and analysis is incorporated to increase understanding of the underlying phenomenon.
Aortic dissection in more than one family member

Abstract The occurrence of aortic dissection in 2 or more family members is rare. Such occurred, however, in the father and son described herein.
The Case of Ivan Ilyitch

Leo Tolstoy's short story, The Death of Ivan Ilyitch , is considered as a case history of a seriously flawed life and a consequently inept coping with death. Never having truly lived fully, never having been committed to passionate love or work, Ilyitch in his dying review finds his experience absurdly empty. His death comes to be seen as superficial and meaningless, like his life. It is suggested that people need to be educated for life's failures and death's inevitability.
Co-occurring Substance Use and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders: Reasons for Hope

Co-occurring substance use and posttraumatic stress disorders are prevalent and challenging for systems, treatment research, clinicians, and most importantly, those who have these disorders. Until recently, care for persons with this comorbidity was fragmented and tended to target only one or the other condition. Over the past decade, several integrated psychosocial treatments have been studied, and guidelines for pharmacotherapies developed. Research, clinical practice, and systemic initiatives are beginning to provide more hope and treatment options.
Leptin reverses nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in patients with severe lipodystrophy

Severe lipodystrophy is characterized by diminished adipose tissue and hypoleptinemia, leading to ectopic triglyceride accumulation. In the liver, this is associated with steatosis, potentially leading to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We investigated the prevalence of NASH and the effect of leptin replacement in these patients. Ten patients with either generalized lipodystrophy (8 patients) or Dunnigan's partial lipodystrophy (2 patients) were included in this analysis. Paired liver biopsy specimens were obtained at baseline and after treatment with recombinant methionyl human leptin (r-metHuLeptin), mean duration 6.6 months. The extents of portal and parenchymal inflammation, steatosis, ballooning, presence of Mallory bodies, and fibrosis in liver biopsy specimens were scored using a previously validated system developed to assess NASH activity. Histological disease activity was defined as the sum of ballooning, steatosis, and parenchymal inflammation scores. We concurrently tested serum triglycerides and aminotransferases and estimations of liver volume and fat content by magnetic resonance imaging. Eight of 10 patients met histological criteria for NASH at baseline. After treatment with r-metHuLeptin, repeat histological examinations showed significant improvements in steatosis (P = .006) and ballooning injury (P = .005), with a reduction of mean NASH activity by 60% (P = .002). Fibrosis was unchanged. Significant reductions were seen in mean serum triglycerides (1206-->226 mg/dL, P = .002), glucose (220-->144 mg/dL, P = .02), insulin (46.4-->24.8 muIU/mL, P = .004), ALT (54-->24 U/L, P = .02), AST (47-->22 U/L, P = .046), liver volume (3209-->2391 cm(3), P = .007), and liver fat content (31-->11%, P = .006). In conclusion, r-metHuLeptin therapy significantly reduced triglycerides, transaminases, hepatomegaly, and liver fat content. These reductions were associated with significant reductions in steatosis and the hepatocellular ballooning injury seen in NASH.
Optical gain enhancement in VECSELs with photonic-band-edge active region design

Using a numerical model we evaluate the enhancement of the optical gain due to the small group-velocity of the light near the band-edge of a multiple quantum well periodic structure of an optically pumped VECSEL.
Direct antigen binding to glomerular immune complex deposits

We evaluated the contribution of intrarenal factors in the increased renal accumulation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in chronic serum sickness (CSS). Renal transplantation was used to study 125I BSA uptake (single and paired label techniques) in normal and CSS kidneys exposed to the same immunologic milieu. In CSS, the daily dose of BSA (dose 15 to 150 mg) was substituted with radiolabeled BSA. Uptake in washed kidney homogenates (24 hours) in the recipient's native CSS kidney varied from 0.29 to 38.40 micrograms/g of kidney (mean 11.70) compared to 0.09 to 2.19 micrograms/g (mean 1.01) in the transplanted normal kidney. The ratio of uptake in the CSS/normal kidney varied from 2.1 to 17.5. These findings indicated that intrarenal factors were important in renal uptake since both kidneys had been exposed to the same circulating immune complex load. Transplantation between "early" (nonproteinuric) and late (proteinuric) CSS rabbits again suggested intrarenal factors influence the uptake of 125I BSA immune complex components with late CSS kidney/early CSS kidney uptake ratios of 25 and 49 in the pairs examined. When CSS kidneys were transplanted into normal rabbits, the binding of 1 to 160 mg of radiolabeled BSA in the transplanted CSS kidney varied from 0.68 to 22.89 micrograms/g (mean 7.15) compared to 0.01 to 0.84 microgram/g (mean 0.18) in the normal rabbit's native kidney. The uptake in the CSS kidney always exceeded that in the recipient's normal kidney (ratio varied from 18 to 289). The binding of radiolabeled BSA in the CSS kidney was quantitatively similar to that found previously in the intact CSS rabbit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
DISCOVERY OF BOUND AND UNBOUND WATERS IN CRYSTALLINE AMINO ACIDS REVEALED BY THERMAL ANALYSIS

The thermal analytical study of most hydrophobic and hydrophilic D/L amino acids reveals significant hydropathy index correlation between the presence of water and crystalline amino acids. The TG derivative mass profiles for arginine and lysine (hydrophilic acids) at various time intervals of atmospheric exposure, show two distinct peaks, one between 50 and 60°C (unbound water), and one close to 100°C (bound-like water). The DSC heat-cool profiles for lysine and arginine confirmed the presence of these multiple waters with two heats of vaporization. The absence of these patterns from the TG and DSC for cysteine and phenylalanine (hydrophobic acids) further supports the conclusions.
Isoenzyme polymorphism in natural populations of the genus Baptisia (Leguminosae)

Abstract Natural populations of three species of Baptisia (Leguminosae) were examined by acrylamide gel electrophoresis for the presence of molecular polymorphism with respect to the isoenzyme patterns of leucine aminopeptidase, β-galactosidase and indophenol oxidase. No species-specific patterns were observed and considerable intraspecific polymorphism was detected.
Recombinant Norwalk virus–like particles given orally to volunteers: Phase I study

Abstract Background & Aims: Norwalk virus (NV) is a major cause of epidemic gastroenteritis. The NV capsid is composed of a single protein that forms recombinant (rNV) virus-like particles (VLPs). In mice, these VLPs are immunogenic when administered orally without adjuvant, and they elicit serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G and intestinal IgA responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of rNV VLPs in healthy volunteers. Methods: Twenty antibody-positive adults were orally administered rNV VLPs in sterile Milli-Q water on days 1 and 21. Vaccine safety and serum rNV-specific total and subclass IgG and IgA antibody responses were monitored. The immune response induced by the VLPs was compared with the response elicited by replicating virus. Results: No side effects were observed or reported by the volunteers. Serum IgG responses to rNV VLPs were dose-dependent, and all vaccinees given 250 μg of rNV VLPs responded with ≥4-fold increases in serum IgG titers. Most of the volunteers (83%; 15 of 18) responded after the first rNV VLP dose and showed no increase in serum IgG titer after the second dose. Conclusions: Orally administered rNV VLPs are safe and immunogenic in healthy adults when administered without adjuvant and are useful to test the mucosal delivery of immunogens. GASTROENTEROLOGY 1999;117:40-48
Family Structure States and Transitions: Associations With Children's Well-Being During Middle Childhood

Using longitudinal data from the Maternal and Child Supplement of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N = 3,862) and Hierarchical Linear Models, we estimated associations of family structure states and transitions with children's achievement and behavior trajectories during middle childhood. Results suggest that residing in a single-mother family was associated with small increases in behavior problems and decreases in achievement and that residing in a social-father family was associated with small increases in behavior problems. Family structure transitions, in general, were associated with increases in behavior problems and marginally associated with decreases in achievement. Transitioning to a single-mother family was associated with increases in behavior problems, whereas transitioning to a social-father family was associated with decreases in reading achievement.
Eugenics, genetics, and mental illness stigma in Chinese Americans

Background The increasing interest in the genetic causes of mental disorders may exacerbate existing stigma if negative beliefs about a genetic illness are generally accepted. China’s history of policy-level eugenics and genetic discrimination in the workplace suggests that Chinese communities will view genetic mental illness less favorably than mental illness with non-genetic causes. The aim of this study is to identify differences between Chinese Americans and European Americans in eugenic beliefs and stigma toward people with genetic mental illness.
First measurements of ClOOCl in the stratosphere: The coupling of ClOOCl and ClO in the Arctic polar vortex

[1] The first measurements of ClOOCl in the stratosphere have been acquired from a NASA ER-2 aircraft, deployed from Kiruna, Sweden (68°N, 21°E), during the joint SOLVE/THESEO-2000 mission of the winter of 1999/2000. ClOOCl is detected by thermal dissociation into two ClO fragments that are measured by the well-known technique of chemical conversion, vacuum ultraviolet resonance fluorescence. Ambient ClO is detected simultaneously. Observations of the ratio [ClOOCl]/[ClO]2 (estimated uncertainty of ±25%, 1 σ) are used with a time-dependent photochemical model, to test the model representation of the ratios of kinetic parameters J/kProd and kLoss/kProd for day and nighttime observations, respectively. Here, kProd and kLoss are the rate constants for ClOOCl production and loss, respectively, and J is the photolysis rate of ClOOCl. The observations are in good agreement with J based upon the 2002 JPL recommended cross sections for ClOOCl [Sander et al., 2003], if the true value of kProd is given by either the 2000 JPL recommendation [Sander et al., 2000] or the work of Trolier et al. [1990]. The larger values of kProd given by Bloss et al. [2001] and the 2002 JPL recommendation are consistent with the observations only if J is increased by a significant amount. This is accomplished if J is calculated with the larger ClOOCl cross sections measured by Burkholder et al. [1990]. The J values for ClOOCl based on the Huder and DeMore [1995] cross sections are too small, by factors of ∼1.6 to 2.5 for all values of kProd, based on the observations. Nighttime results suggest that, for 190 < T < 200 K, the values for KEq (the equilibrium constant, equal to the ratio of kProd/kLoss) of Cox and Hayman [1988] and Avallone and Toohey [2001] are in best agreement with the observations.
Brief report: Complex postformal thought in skilled research administrators

Expert research administrators responded to questions to determine to what degree they had postformal thinking skills. Postformal theory suggests that the interpersonal and institutional complexity of work roles would make them likely to exhibit postformal thought. The tests included a questionnaire about the use of postformal operations on the job, and thinking-aloud taped interviews of responses to job-related and standard postformal problems. The respondents demonstrated the use of postformal thinking operations on job-related tests and a more moderate degree of use on the standard problems. The results support prior research and our working hypothesis that a high degree of interaction with people and complex problems is associated with adults' postformal thought.
Efficacy of sour whey as a shelf-life enhancer: use in antioxidative edible coatings of beef steak.

Sour whey powder (SWP) based edible coatings, with and without carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), were used to reduce oxidative degradation of cut beef steak stored at 2C for 5 days. Comparison was with calcium caseinate (CC) and soy protein isolate (SPI). Colorimetric measurements showed the mean of the color consistency index for L*, a*and b*scales of SWP to be highest with (18.3) and without CMC (19.8). Control gave a significantly lower value of 10.6. The percent inhibition of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) compared to control was 40.9, 38.9 and 48.9%, respectively for CC, SPI and SWP. In the same order, this value increased to 51.9, 45.1 and 59.2% when CMC was added to the coating. The peroxide value was also significantly reduced by SWP. Oxidative degradation as reflected by an increase in carbonyls and decrease in sulfhydryls was also reduced by SWP and it was better at this than the other proteins. Moisture barrier property of SWP based coating was the best and CMC significantly enhanced this property of CC and SPI though they did not fare well by themselves. Data show that SWP can effectively be used to extend quality and shelf life of beef steak. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS In 2006, the U.S.A. produced more than 11.95 million metric tons of beef. Most of this was consumed as hamburger meat and steaks. Unfortunately, once the animal is slaughtered, meat undergoes oxidative degradation. Retail cut meats are particularly susceptible. Various antioxidative coatings have been tried with varying levels of success. The industry is keen for inexpensive and natural means. Recently, we successfully used sour whey, a byproduct of cottage cheese and/or caseinate manufacture, as natural antioxidative coating to extend shelf life of cut vegetables and apples. This part of our study investigates its efficacy in reducing oxidative degradation of retail cut beef steaks.
The importance of being indirect: A new nomenclature for indirect speech

Standard accounts of indirect speech share two assumptions: that indirect speech always has a direct alternative, and that it is strategic. I survey a number of cases that challenge one or both of these assumptions and propose a new nomenclature for indirect speech that crucially includes, in addition to cases where indirect speech is strategic, cases where it is ‘enabling.’ The enabling potential of indirect speech lies in allowing us to give voice to thoughts or experiences that may be possible to express propositionally only in part. In such cases, the speaker does not start off with a direct alternative in mind but rather uses speech to invite the hearer to help her develop an inchoate thought. Including these cases under the same scheme allows us to consider ways other than recognition of the speaker’s intention in which indirect meanings may arise, such as through shared experience and the interlocutors’ habitus. The proposed nomenclature thus yields a multi-faceted view of indirect speech that goes beyond its current, formally driven, understanding.
A NEW BEGINNING IN APPLICATION OF FRANKL'S WORK TO EMERGING ISSUES IN PSYCHOTHERAPY '

Recent interest in Frankls' system of thought, supported by Langle, paves the way for its critical and fruitful appropriation in psychotherapy and existential analysis.
Serum Albumin Polymorphisms in Natural and Laboratory Populations of Peromyscus

Electrophoresis of serum from 14 species of Peromyscus revealed albumin polymorphisms in samples of P. maniculatus, P. leucopus, P. truei, P. difficilis, P. me galops, and P. floridanus. All samples of P. melanotis, P. crinitis, P. boylii, P. ochraventer, P. eremicus, P. californicus, and P. thomasi were mono-morphic. Two samples of P. polionotus were both monomorphic, but they differed from each other. Polymorphisms were found in natural populations of P. maniculatus, P. leucopus, P. truei, and P. megalops. In P. maniculatus the long-tailed, forest dwelling forms of northern and western North America were monomorphic and the short-tailed, grassland inhabiting forms tended to be polymorphic. No relationship between the electrophoretic mobilities of the serum albumins of the different species and the presumed phylogenetic relationships of these species was observed.
PAIR EFFECTS IN THE LEE MODEL

The Lee model of an exactly soluble, renormalizable field theory is extended by allowing the meson to make nucleon pairs, introducing a new nucleon field for the purpose. The theory is still exactly soluble, with the following results; logarithmic divergences remain in the theory after renormalization, and the ghost state is shifted from the V-particle spectrum to the meson spectrum.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5–5 in a Sample of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Validity studies of measures for emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) for use with preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are lacking. The Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 (CBCL; Achenbach and Rescorla, Manual for the ASEBA Preschool Forms & Profiles. VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, and Families, Burlington, 2000), a widely used measure for EBD, contains several norm-referenced scales derived through factor analysis of data from the general pediatric population. In this study, confirmatory factor analysis of archival data evaluated the adequacy of the CBCL factor model in a well characterized sample of preschoolers with ASD (N = 128). Psychometric results supported the model and suggested that practitioners can use the CBCL to assess for EBD in young children with ASD in conjunction with other clinical data. This will increase the likelihood of accurate identification and EBD-specific intervention.
Superconducting states of reduced symmetry: General order parameters and physical implications.

It is shown that the order parameter in reduced-symmetry superconductors can be represented in terms of a complete set of basis-function multiplets, which is analogous to a complete set of crystal harmonics. These complete sets are found for several symmetries that are germane to the study of heavy-fermion superconductors. The implications of a general order parameter are discussed for several physical properties: line nodes in the energy gap, the Knight shift, surface pair-breaking, and time-reversal symmetry.
Microsomal metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids: N-oxidation of seneciphylline and senecionine.

Abstract In vivo pretreatment of rats with phenobarbital or β-naphthoflavone reduced the specific activity of microsomal pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxide formation. Heat pretreatment of microsomes under conditions intended to selectively inactivate the flavin-containing monooxygenase did not lower the rate of N-oxidation. Incubation in the presence of cytochrome P -450 inhibitors diminished the microsomal formation of N-oxide. The observations are consistent with the hypothesis that pyrrolizidine alkaloid N-oxidation results primarily from the action of a constitutive isozyme of cytochrome P -450.
Resistance and Susceptibility to the Avian Leukosis Complex in Chickens

Abstract RESISTANCE and susceptibility of chickens to the avian leukosis complex is influenced by the genetic constitution of the birds and by the surrounding environment. Hutt, in his book Genetic Resistance to Disease in Domestic Animals (1958), has summarized the past research in this field and has concluded that selection for resistance to leukosis is feasible on a commercial basis. For the past 30 years investigations have been underway at the Western Washington Experiment Station on the avian leukosis complex of chickens. It seemed reasonable at the beginning of the project to approach the leukosis problem by selection because differences in mortality resulting from pullorum and typhoid among the progeny of dams had been reported by Roberts and Card (1926) and Lambert and Knox (1928), respectively. Furthermore, Frateur (1924) observed differences in resistance to the bacillus of avian diphtheria that might be attributed to heredity. Earlier results of certain portions of …
Oligodendrocytes produce low molecular weight glycoproteins containing N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine in their Golgi apparatus

Lectin histochemistry using the Griffonia simplicifolia II lectin (GSL II) has revealed a novel group of glycoproteins containing terminal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) residues in oligodendrocytes. The GlcNAc-containing glycoproteins were not present in other types of glial cells, but were expressed by some neuronal cell populations. Within oligodendrocytes their localization was confined to the Golgi apparatus, as determined ultrastructurally. Biochemical analyses using tricine/SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting with GSL II showed the GlcNAc-containing glycoproteins to be insoluble, with molecular masses ranging from 15 to 30 kDa. Our study provides a first account of insoluble, GlcNAc-rich 15–30 kDa glycoproteins in oligodendroglia. The findings are discussed in the context of the functional significance of other known oligodendrocyte glycoproteins. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
FORECASTING SERIES CONTAINING OFFSETTING BREAKS: OLD SCHOOL AND NEW SCHOOL METHODS OF FORECASTING TRANSNATIONAL TERRORISM

Transnational terrorism data are difficult to forecast because they contain an unknown number of structural breaks of unknown functional form. The rise of religious fundamentalism, the demise of the Soviet Union, and the rise of al Qaeda have changed the nature of transnational terrorism. ‘Old School’ forecasting methods simply smooth or difference the data. ‘New School’ methods use estimated break dates to control for regime shifts when forecasting. We compare the various forecasting methods using a Monte Carlo study with data containing different types of breaks. The study's results are used to forecast various types of transnational terrorist incidents.