cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Small Molecule Regulation of Self-Association and Catalytic Activity in a Supramolecular Coordination Complex

Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of the first weak-link approach (WLA) supramolecular construct that employs the small molecule regulation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions for the in situ control of catalytic activity. A biaryl urea group, prone to self-aggregation, was functionalized with a phosphinoalkyl thioether (P,S) hemilabile moiety and incorporated into a homoligated Pt(II) tweezer WLA complex. This urea-containing construct, which has been characterized by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study, can be switched in situ from a rigid fully closed state to a flexible semiopen state via Cl– induced changes in the coordination mode at the Pt(II) structural node. FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy studies were used to demonstrate that while extensive urea self-association persists in the flexible semiopen complex, these interactions are deterred in the rigid, fully closed complex because of geometric and steric restraints. Consequently, the urea moieties in the fully clo...
Π-Complexes with Biological Materials

The syntheses of Π-complexes of a hormone, estron chromium tricarbonyl, and a provitamin D2, ergosterol, and vitamin A are reported.
Substrate preparation and enzymatic properties of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase(CCR)

Cinnamonyl-CoA reductase(CCR) and their reaction substrates were obtained by a prokaryotic expression system and HPLC.Then the enzymatic properties of CCR were researched and analyzed.The results showed that p-coumaroyl-CoA purified was available for the activity of CCR.The optimum temperature of the recombinant CCR was 37℃,the optimum pH was 6.25,the Km was 5.664 μmol/L and Vmax was 4.098 nmol/Ls.
The Protein Binding of SZ1676, SZ1677 and Rocuronium and Their Inhibitory Effect on Human Cholinesterases

SZ1676,1-[3α,17β-bis(acetyloxy)-2β-(1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4.5]dec-8-yl)-5α-androstan-16β-yl]-1-(2-propenyl)pyrrolidinium.Br, and its 3-OH derivative, SZ1677, are steroid type, nondepolarizing muscle relaxants(MR) under investigation. Rocuronium,1 another steroid type nondepolarizing MR, has been recently introduced into clinical practice. The present study has been undertaken as a part the characterization of the pharmacological profile of these MR.
A chemical approach to mapping nucleosomes at base pair resolution in yeast.

Abstract Most eukaryotic DNA exists in DNA–protein complexes known as nucleosomes. The exact locations of nucleosomes along the genome play a critical role in chromosome functions and gene regulation. However, the current methods for nucleosome mapping do not provide the necessary accuracy to identify the precise nucleosome locations. Here we describe a new experimental approach that directly maps nucleosome center locations in vivo genome-wide at single base pair resolution.
Terminus Response to Climate Change

Changes in mass balance control a glacier’s long term behavior. Glacier termini respond to the changes in mass with a period of negative balance driving retreat. The glacier will lose the highest ablating lower sections of the glacier, which may bring it back into equilibrium with climate. A period of positive mass balance will cause a glacier to advance causing an increase in the area of a glacier at the lowest elevations where ablation is highest and retained snowfall the least. A glacier that cannot retreat to a point of equilibrium is in disequilibrium (Pelto MS, Hydrol Process 20:769–779. doi: 10.1002/hyp.6132, 2006), a non-steady state response (Paul F, et al. Geophys Res Lett 31:L21402, 2004) and will not survive the climate that led to disequilibrium (Pelto MS, Cryosphere 3:323–350, 2010).
HUNTING BY HOHOKAM DESERT FARMERS

ABSTRACTPrehistoric hunting in south-central Arizona continued to be an important part of the Hohokam subsistence strategies after domestic crops were introduced. A model of animal procurement by Southwest horticulturalists, based on ecological and ethnographic studies, examines the impact horticulturalists had on the environment and the ways in which that impact affected other aspects of subsistence—specifically hunting behavior. Six major patterns observed in Hohokam faunal assemblages support this model. These include (1) a reliance on small-and medium-sized mammals as sources of animal protein, (2) the presence of water-dependent taxa associated with culturally modified environments, (3) the use of rodents as food, (4) the differential reliance on cottontails (Sylvilagus) and jackrabbits (Lepus) at Hohokam farmsteads and villages, (5) the relative decrease in the exploitation of cottontails versus jackrabbits the longer a Hohokam site was occupied, and (6) a relationship between site location and arti...
MEG Evidence for Incremental Sentence Composition in the Anterior Temporal Lobe.

Research investigating the brain basis of language comprehension has associated the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) with sentence-level combinatorics. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we test the parsing strategy implemented in this brain region. The number of incremental parse steps from a predictive left-corner parsing strategy that is supported by psycholinguistic research is compared with those from a less-predictive strategy. We test for a correlation between parse steps and source-localized MEG activity recorded while participants read a story. Left-corner parse steps correlated with activity in the left ATL around 350–500 ms after word onset. No other correlations specific to sentence comprehension were observed. These data indicate that the left ATL engages in combinatoric processing that is well characterized by a predictive left-corner parsing strategy.
Greater than 3-year follow-up of concomitant gemcitabine, capecitabine, and radiation therapy in locally advanced or incompletely resected pancreatic cancer.

e14708 Background: When either gemcitabine (G) or capecitabine (X) are combined with RT, the median survival is less than 12 months. Approximately 30% of patients progress during the 9 week period ...
When can infants and children benefit from probiotics

The latest studies indicate that probiotics can help with colic, eczema, and certain types of diarrhea. They may also help with upper respiratory infections and IBS pain.
Point and Click Data: An Assessment of Editorial Perceptions and Recommendations for the Peer-Review Process in the New Data Frontier

ABSTRACT In the new research frontier of data availability, this study develops guidelines to aid accounting academicians as they seek to evidence data integrity proactively in the peer-review proc...
A 1-Hour Session to Refresh Motivational Interviewing Skills for Internal Medicine Residents Using Peer Interviews.

Introduction Motivational interviewing (MI) is an interviewing style with extensive evidence to support its use in clinical encounters. Physicians and other health professionals require dedicated e...
La Tasa Interna De Retorno Promedio Borrosa: Desarrollos Y Aplicaciones (The Fuzzy Average Internal Rate of Return: Development and Applications)

Spanish Abstract: El trabajo introduce la tasa interna de rendimiento promedio (TIRP) dentro del marco de la matematica borrosa (fuzzy) como metodo alternativo para estimar rendimientos en situaciones de ambiguedad. En la primera parte se desarrolla la TIRP y su version borrosa como alternativa para determinar rendimientos bajo situaciones de ambiguedad. Seguidamente, con un caso hipotetico, se ilustra la consistencia con el valor actual (VA) en el ordenamiento de proyectos frente a situaciones conflictivas. En caso de incertidumbre se demuestra la equivalencia de la TIRP calculada sobre los flujos de fondos esperados o como TIRP esperada. Finalmente, y como medida para estimar rendimientos promedios en situaciones difusas, se plantea la TIRP borrosa, comparando resultados con los metodos VA y TIR borrosa.English Abstract: The paper introduces the average internal rate of return (AIRR) into the mathematic fuzzy’s frame, like alternative method for estimating returns in ambiguity situations. In the first part it is developed the AIRR´s and its fuzzy version like an alternative of return determination under ambiguity situations. Next, with a hypothetical case,the consistency with the present value (PV) in the projects ranking at conflictive situations is illustrated. In case of uncertainty is showed the equality between the AIRR estimated over the expected cash flows or as expected AIRR. Finally, and like a measurement for estimating average returns in vague situations, it is set out the fuzzy AIRR, comparing results with the fuzzy PV and IRR methods.
Characteristic findings of cervical Papanicolaou tests from transgender patients on androgen therapy: Challenges in detecting dysplasia.

Introduction The characteristic features of Papanicolaou (Pap) tests collected from female-to-male (FTM) transgender patients on androgen therapy have not been well defined in the literature. FTM transgender patients require cervical cancer screening with the same recommended frequency as cis-gender females. Dysplasia remains challenging to differentiate from atrophy. Without pertinent history, the atrophic findings in younger transgender patients can be misinterpreted as high-grade dysplasia. Methods A review of all cervical Pap tests of transgender patients receiving androgen therapy (2010-2017) was performed. Bethesda diagnosis, cytomorphological features, HPV testing and cervical biopsy results were reviewed. Results Eleven transgender patients receiving androgen therapy were identified with 23 cervical Pap tests, 11 HPV tests and five cervical biopsies performed. A review of the Pap tests demonstrated: 57% negative for intraepithelial lesion; 13% unsatisfactory; 13% atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; 13% atypical squamous cells - cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion; and 4% high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. The rates of abnormal tests were higher than our age-matched cis-gender atrophic cohort rates of unsatisfactory (0.5%), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (7%), atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (0%) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (0.5%). The cytological findings from liquid-based preparations included dispersed and clustered parabasal-type cells, scattered degenerated cells, smooth evenly dispersed chromatin, and occasional mild nuclear enlargement and irregularity. Dysplastic cells had larger nuclei, hyperchromatic clumped chromatin, and more irregular nuclear contours. Conclusions The evaluation of dysplasia can be challenging on Pap tests from transgender patients on androgen therapy. The cohort evaluated had higher rates of unsatisfactory and abnormal Pap tests. Pathologists should be familiar with the distinctive cytomorphological changes in the Pap tests from patients on androgen therapy to evaluate them appropriately.
Commerce, not Conquest: Political Economic Thought in the French Indies Company, 1719–1769

Shovlin explores the intellectual history of the eighteenth-century French Compagnie des Indes, which was a site of innovative political economic thinking beginning with its founder, John Law, who outlined a strategy for peaceful French aggrandizement through the adoption of modernized techniques of public credit. This line of thinking was later developed by Jean-Francois Melon and Isaac Panchaud, both closely associated with the company. Other company officials emphasized that international stability and avoidance of territorial expansion in India best served the corporation’s interests. These perspectives reflect a deep ambivalence about empire, and were rooted in a broader discourse emphasizing that an age of commerce was displacing an age of conquest and territoriality.
Health and Medicine in Colonial Society

Heaton examines health and health care in Africa in the era of European colonial rule. Covering the health consequences of colonial occupation and colonial economies on African subjects, the effects of colonial administrative priorities and racism on health and health care, African responses to colonial health policies and medical practices, and the expansion of Western biomedical facilities in the post-Second World War era, the chapter treats issues of health and medicine not just in terms of the spread of germs and the provision of health care, but, just as importantly, in terms of the limitations of medical science and the broader social dynamics that affected how people (African and European) thought about the role of health and medicine in colonial Africa.
Philanthropy in the Action of the Euthyphro, Apology of Socrates, and Crito

Harding’s chapter examines the Euthyphro, Apology of Socrates, and Crito, focusing on Socrates’ philanthropic moderation of Euthyphro in order to establish that Socrates’ motivation in that discussion is at least in part philanthropic. Harding subsequently argues that the motives for Socrates’ weak defense in the Apology are ultimately philanthropic, a fact which comes to light more fully in the Crito.
Thermoreflectance spectra of Cr O 2

Measurements of the polarized thermoreflectance spectra of ferromagnetic Cr${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ films in the energy range of 0.5-6.0 eV are reported. Much of the observed structure is interpreted as resulting from the narrowing of the exchange-split cationic $d$-band gap with increasing temperature, possibly caused by the increase in spin disorder. These results substantiate the conclusions made earlier from the temperature dependence of the static reflectivity spectra.
A large ephemeral release of nitrogen upon wetting of dry soil and corresponding root responses in the field

To assess changes in soil nutrients, root growth and mycrorrhizal infection in response to rain events, a water pulse was applied to a very dry soil. Wetting of a dry soil in the Great Basin of the Western United States led to a striking pulse of available soil nitrate in a field plot, but available phosphate was not affected. This is the first field demonstration of this phenomenon in the Great Basin as far as we are aware. This pulse was only apparent for a few days, probably due to microbial immobilization of the nitrogen. Root ammonium uptake capacity increased within one day of the water pulse, but new root growth was not apparent until 3 days after the water pulse. Thus, to capture this ephemeral release of nitrogen, enhanced uptake capacity of existing roots was probably more important than development of new roots. Mycorrhizal infection was not affected by the water pulse treatments. However, since the water pulse only affected nitrogen availability and mycorrhizae are generally most effective in facilitating acquisition of less mobile nutrients such as phosphate, mycorrhizae likely do not play an important role in taking advantage of this opportunity provided by the pulse of water.
The Area Between a One-Dimensional Ordinary Brownian Curve and a Straight-Line Approximation

For a fractal curve, the measured perimeter length increases as the ruler length decreases. When the perimeter of a fractal curve is traced with a given ruler size, there are areas between the straight-line segments and the true curve. If the underlying geometric rule for creating the fractal curve is known, then the size of the areas can be calculated. An equation has been developed for calculating the absolute value of the area between a straight-line approximation and the true curve for the random function ordinary one-dimensional Brownian motion. One potential application of the equation developed is in estimating the amount of ore loss and waste rock dilution that would occur in a mining operation as a result of the errors in the geologic model of the boundaries of an orebody.
Magnetoresistive Materials and Devices

We have in this chapter discussed some magnetoresistive phenomena, and how some of them are applied, in particular in magnetic recording. The phenomena and their current applications form a fascinating and challenging mixture of research ranging from quantum mechanics to materials physics and state-of-the-art processing technologies. The main current applications of magnetoresistance are in magnetic field sensing, with perhaps some of the most advanced devices, such as spin valves and magnetic tunneling junctions, in the area of magnetic recording. However, current device applications are to some extent limited both by the magnitude and sensitivity of the magnetoresistive effect on the one hand, and by the complex sets of materials and concomitant complex and expensive processing technologies. Semiconductor spintronics opens up the possibility of both better materials and processing control, as well as the possibility of completely novel devices and applications. It remains to be seen when such devices and applications will actually be realized, but it is certain that research in semiconductor spintronics will remain an active and stimulating field at the intersection of basic physics, materials research, and engineering for a long time to come.
Correlation Between the Fractal Dimension and the Microporous Structure of a Solid

A theoretical description of gas adsorption on heterogeneous microporous solids is compared with that based on the fractal nature of these solids. It is shown that the structural parameters of a microporous solid correlate with the fractal dimension that characterizes the geometrical irregularities of microporous solids. Numerical studies performed for model solids with different degrees of microporosity show that the root-mean-square value of micropore size depends linearly on the fractal dimension.
The Health Belief Model and HIV Risk Behavior Change

The Health Belief Model (HBM) was initially developed in the 1950s by a group of social psychologists in the U.S. Public Health Service in an effort to explain the widespread failure of people to participate in programs to prevent or to detect disease (Hochbaum, 1958; Rosenstock, 1960, 1966, 1974). Later, the model was extended to apply to people’s responses to symptoms (Kirscht, 1974) and to their behavior in response to diagnosed illness, particularly compliance with medical regimens (Becker, 1974). Over three decades, the model has been one of the most widely used psychosocial approaches to explaining health-related behavior.
(post)Critical Methodologies: The Science Possible After the Critiques: The Selected Works of Patti Lather

In the World Library of Educationalists series, international experts themselves compile career-long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces – extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, major theoretical and practical contributions – so the world can read them in a single manageable volume. Readers will be able to follow the themes and strands and see how their work contributes to the development of the field. (Post)Critical Methodologies forms a chronology through the texts and concepts that span Patti Lather’s career. Examining (post)critical, feminist and poststructural theories, Lather’s work is organized into thematic sections that span her 35 years of study in this field. These sections include original contributions formed from Lather’s feminism and critical theory background. They contain her most cited works on feminist research and pedagogy, and form a collection of both early and recent writings on the post and post-post, with a focus on critical policy studies and the future of post-qualitative work. With a focus on the implications for qualitative inquiry given the call for scientifically based research in education, this compelling overview moves through Lather’s progressive thoughts on bridging the gap between quantitative and qualitative research in education and provides a unique commentary on some of the most important issues in higher education over the last 30 years. This compilation of Lather's contribution to educational thinking will prove compelling reading to all those engaged in student learning in higher education worldwide.
Flexible Mixture Modeling on Constrained Spaces

This paper addresses challenges in flexibly modeling multimodal data that lie on constrained spaces. Such data are commonly found in spatial applications, such as climatology and criminology, where measurements are restricted to a geographical area. Other settings include domains where unsuitable recordings are discarded, such as flow-cytometry measurements. A simple approach to modeling such data is through the use of mixture models, especially nonparametric mixture models. Mixture models, while flexible and theoretically well-understood, are unsuitable for settings involving complicated constraints, leading to difficulties in specifying the component distributions and in evaluating normalization constants. Bayesian inference over the parameters of these models results in posterior distributions that are doubly-intractable. We address this problem via an algorithm based on rejection sampling and data augmentation. We view samples from a truncated distribution as outcomes of a rejection sampling scheme, where proposals are made from a simple mixture model and are rejected if they violate the constraints. Our scheme proceeds by imputing the rejected samples given mixture parameters and then resampling parameters given all samples. We study two modeling approaches: mixtures of truncated Gaussians and truncated mixtures of Gaussians, along with their associated Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithms. We also discuss variations of the models, as well as approximations to improve mixing, reduce computational cost, and lower variance. We present results on simulated data and apply our algorithms to two problems; one involving flow-cytometry data, and the other, crime recorded in the city of Chicago.
Acute Patellar Dislocation (First-Time Dislocator)

Patellar dislocation most commonly occurs in the adolescent female population. Trochlear dysplasia is the most predictive risk factor for recurrence after first-time dislocation. Other factors include patellar height, young age and/or open physes, patella alta, high TT-TG distance, rotational malalignment, and patient factors such as ligamentous laxity and jumping/landing mechanics. The medial patellofemoral ligament complex is injured in the vast majority of patients after patellar instability, and chondral/osteochondral injuries are also common. The standard of care for first-time dislocators has historically been non-operative, unless a loose osteochondral body is discovered on imaging. The recent literature has identified young patients with trochlear dysplasia as a high-risk group for recurrence, however, prompting increased attention to treatment options. MPFL repair is thought to be acceptable only when the injury to the ligament is discrete, and controversy exists regarding its efficacy. MPFL reconstruction has become the standard of care intervention for first-time dislocations when surgery is indicated.
Vibration Compensated, Scanning White Light Interferometer for In Situ Depth Measurements in a Deep Reactive Ion Etcher

A scanning white light interferometer with a long working distance and active vibration cancellation was designed and tested to enable in situ depth measurements in a deep reactive ion etcher. A superluminescent diode is used as the light source, enabling high-intensity illumination of the sample inside the etcher’s vacuum chamber. An additional laser beam co-propagates with the white light beam and is used to sense changes in the optical path length difference by observing the beam’s interference signal on a photodiode. The photodiode signal is used as feedback to control the position of the interferometer’s reference mirror which is mounted on a piezo actuator. By locking the position of the reference mirror to a zero crossing of the laser interference signal, during a scan, the reference mirror moves in discrete multiples of the laser wavelength. This design choice has the added advantage of tying the stability of the scan distance and step size to the laser wavelength stability. The prototype instrument is capable of imaging over a 1 cm $\times1$ cm field of view with a 1- ${\boldsymbol \mu }\text{m}$ depth resolution, 20- ${\boldsymbol \mu }\text{m}$ lateral resolution, and 30-cm working distance. The feedback system reduces the amplitude of vibrations by more than 10 dB out to 1 kHz. [2018-0263]
Correlation analysis of [18F]ROStrace using ex vivo autoradiography and dihydroethidium fluorescent imaging in lipopolysaccharide-treated animals.

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are believed to play an important role in the proinflammatory form of neuroinflammation. Therefore, the availability of a radiotracer labeled with a positron-emitting radionuclide that can measure levels of ROS in tissue could provide a valuable method for imaging neuroinflammation in vivo with the functional imaging technique positron emission tomography (PET). We previously reported the synthesis and in vivo evaluation of [ 18 F]ROStrace, a radiotracer for imaging ROS in vivo with PET, in an LPS model of neuroinflammation. In the current study, we conducted additional validation studies aimed at determining the cellular localization of this radiotracer in the same model. Our results indicate that [ 18 F]ROStrace is primarily localized in microglia/macrophages and neurons in LPS-treated animals, and provide further support in the use of this radiotracer as a PET-based probe for imaging the proinflammatory form of neuroinflammation.
Clinical characteristics of individual organ system disease in non-motile ciliopathies.

Non-motile ciliopathies (disorders of the primary cilia) include autosomal dominant and recessive polycystic kidney diseases, nephronophthisis, as well as multisystem disorders Joubert, Bardet-Biedl, Alstrom, Meckel-Gruber, oral-facial-digital syndromes, and Jeune chondrodysplasia and other skeletal ciliopathies. Chronic progressive disease of the kidneys, liver, and retina are common features in non-motile ciliopathies. Some ciliopathies also manifest neurological, skeletal, olfactory and auditory defects. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are characteristic features of Bardet-Biedl and Alstrom syndromes. Overlapping clinical features and molecular heterogeneity of these ciliopathies render their diagnoses challenging. In this review, we describe the clinical characteristics of individual organ disease for each ciliopathy and provide natural history data on kidney, liver, retinal disease progression and central nervous system function.
Memcomputing: A computing paradigm to store and process information on the same physical platform

Memcomputing is an emergent computing paradigm that employs two-terminal electronic devices with memory, namely, memristive, memcapacitive or meminductive systems, to store and process information at the same physical location. Complex networks of such devices can be considered as massively-parallel processors performing computation in an unconventional way. In this contribution, we discuss essential memcomputing criteria as well as several possible practical realizations of memcomputing based on nanoscale electronic devices with memory.
Exploratory Survey of Salamanders in Pennsylvanian Forests with Dense Understories of Berberis thunbergii (Japanese Barberry), an Invasive Shrub

We conducted a limited survey to analyze the potential effects of thick understory patches of Berberis thunbergii (Japanese Barberry), an invasive shrub, on forest-dwelling salamanders. Our observational survey of 4 riparian streams was aimed at addressing the hypothesis that Japanese Barberry would negatively affect salamander populations due to detrimental impacts on soil properties and native vegetation. We placed cover boards along the riparian zones of 2 streams that were heavily invaded and 2 that were sporadically invaded by Japanese Barberry in a western Pennsylvanian suburban deciduous forest. The following year, we surveyed each coverboard on 3 occasions to quantify amphibian abundance and diversity. We identified specimens to species whenever possible and quantified Japanese Barberry invasion intensity by estimating aboveground biomass. Results suggest salamander abundance was unaffected by the presence of Japanese Barberry. Species composition differed between invaded and uninvaded habitat, with more Desmognathus spp. salamanders dominating uninvaded sites, though data limitations prevented rigorous comparisons of community-scale differences. Our limited data are unable to determine if Japanese Barberry invasions are associated with indirect effects on salamander populations. However, the lack of any measurable effect on salamander abundance suggests that Japanese Barberry does not induce a strong direct effect on these species.
Open-Chest Ablation of Incessant Ventricular Tachycardia During Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation.

The presence of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) before left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement is an independent predictor of electrical storm and mortality after LVAD surgery ([1][1]). The ideal treatment of VAs peri-LVAD placement remains unknown. The images presented ([Figure 1][2] and [
Model Predictive Control of an Integrated Buck Converter for Digital SoC Domains in 65nm CMOS

This paper describes a digital control architecture for integrated voltage regulators (IVRs) that achieves time-optimal transient supply-voltage (V dd ) response under random load-current (I load ) fluctuation. Implementing low-complexity low-latency Model Predictive Control (MPC) is key to achieving a measured 2.49X settling-time (τ settle ) improvement over optimally tuned Proportional Integral Differential (PID) control.
Vacuum-assisted elevation of pediatric ping-pong skull fractures: a case series and technical note.

Objective The management of children with ping-pong skull fractures may include observation, nonsurgical treatments, or surgical intervention depending on the age, clinical presentation, imaging findings, and cosmetic appearance of the patient. There have been 16 publications on nonsurgical treatment using negative pressure with various devices. Herein, the authors report their experience with vacuum-assisted elevation of ping-pong skull fractures and evaluate the variables affecting procedural outcomes. Methods The authors performed a retrospective chart review of all ping-pong skull fractures treated via vacuum-assisted elevation at the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin between 2013 and 2017. Data collected included patient age, head circumference, mode of injury, time to presentation, imaging findings, procedural details, treatment outcomes, and complications. Results Four neonates and 5 infants underwent vacuum-assisted elevation of moderate to severe ping-pong skull fractures during the study period. Modes of injury included birth-related trauma, falls, and blunt trauma. All patients had normal neurological examination findings and no evidence of intracranial hemorrhage. All fractures were deemed severe enough to require elevation by the treating neurosurgeon. All fractures involved the parietal bone. Skull depressions ranged from 23 to 62 mm in diameter and from 4 to 14 mm in depth. Bone thickness ranged from 0.6 to 1.8 mm. The time from fracture to intervention ranged from 7 hours to 8 days. The Kiwi OmniCup vacuum delivery system was used in all cases. Negative pressures were increased sequentially to a maximum of 500 mm Hg. A greater number of sequential vacuum applications was required for patients with a skull thickness greater than 1 mm at the site of depression and for those undergoing treatment more than 72 hours from fracture onset. Successful fracture elevation was attained in 7 of 9 patients. Two patients required subsequent surgical elevation of their fractures. Postprocedure imaging studies revealed no evidence of complications. Conclusions Increasing bone thickness and time from fracture onset to intervention appeared to be the greatest limiting factors to the successful elevation of moderate to severe ping-pong fractures via this vacuum-assisted approach. This procedure is a well-tolerated option that should be considered prior to performing an open repair in cases deemed to require fracture elevation. Future efforts will focus on larger-volume studies to better delineate inclusion and exclusion criteria, and volumetric analysis for better fracture-to-suction device customization.
Medicaid Formulary Decisions and the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review: Abandoning Pseudoscience in Imaginary Pharmaceutical Pricing Claims

Medicaid formulary committees and other gatekeepers face a difficult task. On the one hand they can utilize technical expertise in evaluating the real world evidence for clinical, quality of life and resource utilization claims for competing products while on the other hand they may be asked to assess claims built by simulation models for pricing and product access. A common option has been to take modeled claims from third parties such as the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) at face value without challenging the model structure, its assumptions and its incremental cost-per-QALY claims set against competing products or the existing standard of care. Unfortunately, from the available evidence, it seems clear that many formulary assessment groups, last but not least those for whom the ICER modeling claims are targeted, have little if any appreciation of the limitations of ICER modeling. There are two substantive issues: (i) a failure to appreciate the limitations imposed by the standards of normal science for credible, empirically evaluable and replicable product claims and (ii) an understanding of limitations imposed by the axioms of fundamental measurement. In the latter case, a failure to recognize that the quality adjusted life year (QALY) is an impossible mathematical construct (hence the I-QALY). To these limitations should be added the potential for constructing competing imaginary claims. Surprisingly, ICER has provided the ideal opportunity to construct competing claims with the launch in late 2020 of the ICER Analytics cloud platform. Formulary committees and other health decision makers should be aware that claims based on the ICER Analytics platform together with competing lifetime modelled claims all fail the standards of normal science. Factoring these into formulary decisions is not only misguided but may have unintended consequences for pricing and access that may disadvantage significantly patients and caregivers. We have spent too much time debating the merits or otherwise of the I-QALY for targeted patient groups with the parties failing to recognize that the focus on simulated cost-per-I-QALY value assessments is a mathematical folly; I-QALY claims are a chimera. The I-QALY, at long last, should be abandoned together with modelled lifetime simulations. Medicaid formulary decision makes should rethink the required evidence base for formulary decisions and negotiations. Care should be taken to revisit previous negotiations where ICER recommendations have been utilized to support pricing and access.
Autonomous flow reactors for discovery and invention

Autonomous flow reactors offer access to unique chemical synthesis conditions and characterizations with extremely low reagent consumption, tunable/reproducible heat- and mass-transfer rates, and high sampling rates, without the need for user intervention. Broader implementation of these self-guided, robo-fluidic technologies will accelerate the pace of scientific discovery in chemical science.
Italian mafias today: territory, business and politics

By merit of its scope, topics of inquiry and analytical rigor, Italian Mafias Today: Territory, Business and Politics makes valuable, unique contributions to the diversified field of studies on the...
Comparison of Power Control Methods for Renewable Energy Resources Operating in a Weak Grid

A Renewable Energy Resource (RER) based power grid should be capable to deliver active power $(\boldsymbol{P}_{{GRID}})$ and reactive power $(\boldsymbol{Q}_{{GRID}})$ to fulfill the customer load demand and maintain stability during a weak grid condition. A Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) can provide the demand $\boldsymbol{P}_{{GRID}}$ and $\boldsymbol{Q}_{{GRID}}$ to the grid to maintain a stable power system. Traditionally adopted PI control-based Indirect Power Control (IPC) scheme controls VSI to inject required grid power but as the control is nonlinear, the time to reach the steady-state is longer than the desired. In this paper, we have discussed and compared Direct Power Control (DPC) and the inverter Flux Power Control (FPC) approach with the IPC approach to control the transients caused by the varying RERs and load throughout the day. Besides, due to the transmission line parameters and operations of power, current oscillations are common in a weak grid. In this comparative study, the concept for improving transient response is validated by MATLAB/Simulink for a 100KW 100KVAR grid-tied VSI system. Finally, the comparative performances of the controllers for a weak grid have been discussed.
Telehealth Educational Resources for Graduate Nurse Faculty.

Background The rapid acceleration of virtual health care delivery, telehealth, has underlined the pressing need for graduate nursing students to gain skills and competencies that will ensure effective and efficient delivery of telehealth care in future generations. Problem There is a need for graduate nursing students to be prepared to use telehealth, but few nursing programs offer this training. Barriers to this implementation may be due to lack of faculty knowledge, telehealth resources, or telehealth opportunities. Solution Graduate nursing faculty should use resources and the wisdom of early adopters of telehealth to ensure adequate telehealth preparation is integrated into all graduate nursing programs. Conclusion This article describes emerging core competencies for telehealth education and offers guidance, resources, and activities for nurse educators who seek to prepare emerging advanced practice RNs to plan, deliver, and implement effective telehealth practices.
New Horizons for Learning: An Interview with Dee Dickinson

Dee Dickinson is the founder and chief learning officer of New Horizons for Learning, a nonprofit international education network whose mission is to identify, communicate, and help implement effective teaching and learning strategies. Founded in 1980 and now operating largely through its Web site, New Horizons focuses on outreach and partnerships to apply its resources to educational systems, homes, and other learning environments. For this interview, Dickinson sat down with Scott Windham, an Innovate board member.
Throughput evaluation and enhancement of TCP clients in Wi-Fi hot spots

In this paper we consider a Wi-Fi hot spot were M users are performing TCP downloads from Internet remote servers. Our study focuses on characterizing the way the TCP flow control mechanisms affect the MAC protocol operations, and identifying the main causes of the throughput limitations shown by the TCP traffic. In particular, we show that the TCP throughput is not limited by the collision events, but by i) the inability of the MAC protocol to assign a higher chance of accessing the channel to the hot spot Access Point than the mobile users, and ii) the interaction of flow control mechanisms used at the TCP layer and the contention avoidance scheme used at the MAC layer. We propose an extension to the MAC protocol that requires only modifications of the hot spot Access Points. Our proposed enhancement allows the Access Point to send bursts of TCP packets towards the hot spot clients. We design a resource allocation protocol aimed at maximizing the success probability of the uplink transmissions by dynamically adapting the burst size to the number of users’ collisions and successful transmissions. Simulations confirm the improvements of the TCP throughput achieved by our enhanced MAC protocol.
The structure of tyrosine aminotransferase. Evidence for domains involved in catalysis and enzyme turnover.

The primary structure of tyrosine aminotransferase, as deduced from the nucleotide sequence of complementary DNA, was confirmed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of tryptic peptides derived from the purified protein. Limited digestion of the native enzyme with trypsin released an acetylated, amino-terminal peptide; the new amino terminus in the modified enzyme was Val65. Endogenous proteases generated a chromatographically separable form of tyrosine aminotransferase that began at Lys35. Neither trypsin nor the other proteases altered the catalytic activity of tyrosine aminotransferase. Reduction of the holoenzyme with sodium borohydride yielded a major tryptic peptide containing phosphopyridoxamine bound to lysine 280, which probably functions in transamination. The carboxyl terminus of tyrosine aminotransferase contains features that typify proteins with short half-lives; it includes two negatively charged, hydrophilic segments that are enriched for glutamyl residues and are similar to a PEST region in ornithine decarboxylase (Rogers, S., Wells, R., and Rechsteiner, M. (1986) Science 234, 364–368). Tyrosine aminotransferase belongs to a superfamily of enzymes which includes aspartate aminotransferase and can be aligned so that many invariant, functional residues coincide. Like the isoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase, tyrosine aminotransferase may contain two domains, with a central, catalytic core, and a small domain made up of both amino- and carboxyl-terminal components. We speculate that the exposed small domain may confer the unusually rapid degradative rate that characterizes this enzyme.
Integers Uniquely Represented by Certain Ternary Forms

This paper has no connection with the two papers jointly authored by Paul Erdos and myself; nor does it overlap any of the many conversations we had. But I feel it is appropriate to dedicate the paper to him. It has the flavor of the mathematics we both particularly enjoyed: very explicit problems challenging us to answer “yes” or “no”.
Cytogenetic evidence for recurrence of acute myelogenous leukemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in donor hematopoietic cells

A 22-yr-old man with acute myelocytic leukemia received a bone marrow transplant from a genotypically HLA-identical female sibling after cyclophosphamide preparation. He remained in complete remission for 18 mo, when he developed a chloroma in the perineum. The chloroma was treated with local radiotherapy. The chloroma recurred 8 mo later and was treated with radiotherapy followed by combination chemotherapy. At 34 mo after transplant, marrow relapse and chloroma were documented. The first chloroma contained host cells by fluorescent Y-chromatin body analyses of interphase nuclei. All metaphase cells and karyotypes from peripheral blood and marrow samples showed no evidence of host cells from 3 wk after transplant through the time of marrow relapse. Data from autosomal and sex chromosome studies indicate that the marrow relapse occurred in cells of donor origin. A new consistent chromosome abnormality [45, X, -X, t(8;21) (q22; q22)] was observed in a majority of donor cells. The patient received a second bone marrow transplant from the same donor after preparation with busulfan and cyclophosphamide and attained a complete remission with full hematologic engraftment.
Weaving a tangled web: the interconnected cytoskeleton.

Crosslinking proteins that connect different components of cytoskeletal networks are more than just structural elements: they also have a functional role in stabilizing and destabilizing the networks to which they bind.
Spectrophotometry of the Broad Continuum Features in Magnetic Ap Stars

The strongest broad absorption feature in the peculiar energy distributions of the Ap stars is that centered at about 5200 A, thus the Stromgren y band and the Geneva V1 band are most affected in stars in which this feature is strong. Fig. 1 shows bandpasses (full width at 1/2 intensity maximum) of three widely used photometric systems superimposed on two of our scans of Ap stars and two solar abundance line blanketed model atmospheres (Kurucz 1979). It is seen that both the y and VI bands fall entirely within the λ5200 feature. The plot (Fig. 2a) of b-y vs. Tpc (the color temperature of the red end of the Paschen continuum), shows that the b-y colors for most of our sample of Ap stars are displaced to the blue of the b-y, Teff relationship of Relyea and Kurucz (1978). In Fig. 2b, Δ(b-y) = (model b-y) - (observed b-y), for a given temperature is plotted vs. ΔWS2(5200), a spectrophotometric index measuring the equivalent width of the λ5200 feature. There is a strong correlation between Δ(b-y) and ΔWS2(5200), indicating quantitatively the large effect of the λ5200 feature on the y band, previously discussed by Adelman (1979). The deviations in Ap star B2-G values from the normal star B2-G vs. T curve are much less than for b-y, as the Geneva G band is largely outside the λ5200 feature (Fig. 2c). Thus B2-G is a better temperature indicator for Ap stars than is b-y (also see Hauck and North 1982).
Prediction of relevant biomedical documents: a human microbiome case study

Retrieving relevant biomedical literature has become increasingly difficult due to the large volume and rapid growth of biomedical publication. A query to a biomedical retrieval system often retrieves hundreds of results. Since the searcher will not likely consider all of these documents, ranking the documents is important. Ranking by recency, as PubMed does, takes into account only one factor indicating potential relevance. This study explores the use of the searcher’s relevance feedback judgments to support relevance ranking based on features more general than recency. It was found that the researcher’s relevance judgments could be used to accurately predict the relevance of additional documents: both using tenfold cross-validation and by training on publications from 2008–2010 and testing on documents from 2011. This case study has shown the promise for relevance feedback to improve biomedical document retrieval. A researcher’s judgments as to which initially retrieved documents are relevant, or not, can be leveraged to predict additional relevant documents.
HIV infection and stroke: the changing face of a rising problem.

The reporting of stroke in HIV-infected subjects has faced several challenges that have limited one's ability to determine whether a direct association between cerebrovascular disease and HIV infection exists. With increased survival, aging of the HIV-infected cohorts is accompanied not infrequently by metabolic and lipid disorders, which are observed often in subjects on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Recent evidence for the development of premature atherosclerotic disease in this population calls for a revision of the association between stroke and HIV infection. The majority of strokes reported in the clinical and postmortem series were associated with underlying diseases. Intracranial hemorrhage was usually associated with underlying thrombocytopenia, primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma, or metastatic Kaposi’s sarcoma. The chapter discusses potential mechanisms of ischemic stroke in HIV-infected patients, and presents new insights into the mechanisms of stroke in HIV-infected patients. Pathological studies of a different vascular bed provide support for the possibility of an HIV-related vasculopathy inducing endothelial cell disturbance. Future studies will be required to better assess the macrovascular and microvascular complications that may result from HIV infection, the metabolic derangements induced by HAART, or both, as well as to determine the optimal treatment and prevention for this specific patient population.