cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Individual Estimates of European Genetic Admixture Associated with Lower Body-Mass Index, Plasma Glucose, and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Pima Indians

Individual genetic admixture estimates (IA) from European Americans (EAs) were computed in 7,996 members of the Gila River Indian Community (Arizona). Parental populations for the analysis were European Americans and full-heritage Pima Indians. A logistic regression was performed on 7,796 persons, to assess association of IA with type 2 diabetes. The odds ratio, comparing diabetes risk in full-heritage EAs with full-heritage Pima Indians, was 0.329 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.225–0.482). Proportional-hazards analysis was performed on 5,482 persons who were nondiabetic at their first examination and 1,215 subjects who developed diabetes during the study. The hazard risk ratio for IA was 0.455 (95% CI 0.301–0.688). Nondiabetic persons had significantly more European IA. In nondiabetic Pimans, multivariate linear regressions of quantitative predictors of type 2 diabetes mellitus, including fasting plasma glucose, 2-h post-load plasma glucose, and body-mass index, showed significant inverse relations with IA when controlled for sex and age. These results illustrate the ongoing evolution of populations by the mechanism of gene flow and its effect on disease risk in the groups with admixture. When the two parental populations differ in disease prevalence, higher or lower risk is associated with admixture, depending on the origin of the admixed alleles and the relative magnitude of the disease prevalence in the parental populations. These data also illustrate the strong genetic components in type 2 diabetes and are consistent with one susceptibility locus common to obesity and diabetes.
Calibrated Probabilistic Mesoscale Weather Field Forecasting: The Geostatistical Output Perturbation Method

Probabilistic weather forecasting consists of finding a joint probability distribution for future weather quantities or events. It is typically done by using a numerical weather prediction model, perturbing the inputs to the model in various ways, and running the model for each perturbed set of inputs. The result is then viewed as an ensemble of forecasts, taken to be a sample from the joint probability distribution of the future weather quantities of interest. This is typically not feasible for mesoscale weather prediction carried out locally by organizations without the vast data and computing resources of national weather centers. Instead, we propose a simpler method that breaks with much previous practice by perturbing the outputs, or deterministic forecasts, from the model. Forecast errors are modeled using a geostatistical model, and ensemble members are generated by simulating realizations of the geostatistical model. The method is applied to 48-hour mesoscale forecasts of temperature in the North ...
Automated robotic deburring using impedance control

An automated deburring procedure using a robot manipulator is considered for the removal of burrs in the presence of robot oscillations and bounded uncertainties in the tool holder. Electronic compliancy (impedance control) is proposed as an adaptive mechanism to satisfy the requirements of this application. The development and implementation of the impedance control methodology on an active end-effector or the whole robot are examined for precision deburring and grinding tasks. >
Application analysis using memory pressure

As the speeds of microprocessors continue to follow Moore's law, memory speeds keep lagging farther behind so as to make the "memory wall" more and more distinct. In order for a processor architect to be able to evaluate the right micro-architectural features for the design, a study of the memory behavior of the applications becomes essential. In this paper we present a new metric termed "memory pressure" that can be used to analyze the application's behavior and quantify the demand an application places on the memory subsystem. Memory pressure is characterized by four metrics: (1) value-computation-to-use delay, (2)condition-resolution-to-use delay, (3) address-computation-to-use delay, and (4) value-load-to-use delay. It acts as an indicator of the opportunity that caching, prefetching, speculative loads or other DRAM latency hiding techniques can provide to improve the performance of the application. We have analyzed a few synthetic benchmarks as well as a few scientific applications and have been able to identify the benefit of caches and prefetch techniques for these benchmarks. As we demonstrate in this paper, quantifying the memory pressure not only provides insight into which architectural features a designer should evaluate for optimal performance, but also provides tangible hints to the software designer to make changes to the application -- algorithmic and structural -- to improve the performance.
Fertility determinants in the oil region of Mexico

Abstract This study analyzes fertility determinants in the oil region of Mexico, consisting of the states of Veracruz, Tabasco, and Campeche. Data are from the 1980 Mexican census and the unit of analysis is the municipio. The regression models, in which the dependent variables of children ever born and child‐woman ratio are examined, reveal religious variables to be most significant, with greater fertility for non‐Catholics and persons with no religion than for Catholics. Also of great importance are economic variables. Literacy and urbanization, both “classical” Mexican fertility variables, reduce fertility. There are major differences among three urban/rural and three indigenous language subsamples. Results are discussed vis‐a‐vis demographic theories and prior research.
Relationship patterns in self-analytic groups: a clinical and empirical study.

The development of an act-by-act scoring system, process analysis, is presented. An extension of Mann's member-leader system, this scheme reflects the influence of both psychoanalytic and interpersonal theorists and relies heavily on clinical inference. Several measures of interscorer agreement are reported. Two self-analytic classroom groups, 40 sessions in duration, are scored and studied in some detail. Data from the groups are combined, and separate factor analyses of member-leader and member-member interaction are presented. An intensive clinical and statistical assessment of the two factor structures is undertaken. A comparison of these findings with those of other studies of small experiential groups suggests that three bipolar dimensions characterize member-leader relations in such groups: loyalty vs. rebellion; personal involvement vs. neutrality; and a third dimension, more difficult to define, represented in this study by a dimension titled self-absorption vs. ambivalent compliance. Two bipolar dimensions emerged from the analysis of member-member interaction: expression of hostility vs. suppression of hostility and expression of affection vs. suppression of affection. Some differences between this and previous findings are noted. Finally, the strengths, potential, and shortcomings of this research strategy are discussed. The authors conclude that despite the scope, depth, and flexibility of this style of clinical and statistical investigation such research must begin to move toward simpler, more systematic, and less idiosyncratic studies.
Composable Parallel Patterns with Intel Cilk Plus

Intel Cilk Plus extends C and C++ to enable writing composable deterministic parallel software that can exploit both the thread and vector parallelism commonly available in modern hardware.
Topographically generated fronts, very nearshore oceanography and the distribution and settlement of mussel larvae and barnacle cyprids

Flow patterns adjacent to shore may prevent or aid shoreward migration of benthic invertebrate larvae. We hypothesized that a front at the mouth of Sunset Bay, Oregon, prevents shoreward dispersal of larvae, significantly altering settlement of mussel larvae and barnacle cyprids. Settlement was measured at three sets of moorings (three moorings per site) distributed across the front at Sunset Bay. From 6 July to 4 September 2000, samples were collected roughly every other day. Concurrently, we made vertical zooplankton tows adjacent to each mooring site and collected physical oceanographic data. During upwelling-favorable winds, the front was always present at the bay mouth, separating significantly cooler, saltier and denser offshore water from that within the bay. During downwelling winds, the front broke down and we found no significant difference in the surface physical oceanographic parameters across the bay mouth. During upwelling, the concentration of mussel larvae was higher seaward of the front than landward, but there was no significant difference in concentration during downwelling, suggesting that the front may act as a barrier to the shoreward dispersal of mussels. Mussel settlement was too low and sporadic to allow statistical analysis. There was no difference in cyprid concentrations across the bay mouth whether the front was present or not. Cyprid settlement was, however, nearly an order of magnitude lower at moorings seaward of the front than at those landward. A significant cross-correlation was found between settlement at the offshore mooring and tidal range (r=0.464, lag=0 days) and between settlement at the mid and inner moorings and downwelling winds (r=0.532 mid bay, r=0.532 inner bay, lag=0 days). Seaward of the front, settlement varied with tidal range, while landward of the front, most settlement occurred as brief pulses during downwelling winds, periods when the front was not present. We found large differences in the distribution of cyprids, and mussel larvae and cyprid settlement relative to the front; larval distributions and settlement varied with upwelling versus downwelling winds and was due to differences in the very nearshore (i.e. within 100‐1000 m of shore) coastal oceanography.
Insulin inhibits specific norepinephrine uptake in neuronal cultures from rat brain.

Neuronal cells in primary culture have been demonstrated to possess specific insulin receptors (Boyd et al., J. Biol. Chem., 260 (1985) 15880–15884). Incubation of these cultures with insulin causes a dose-dependent inhibition of maprotiline-sensitive [3H]norepinephrine uptake. Maximum inhibition of 95% of maprotiline-sensitive norepinephrine uptake was observed at an insulin concentration of 167 nM with an ED50 of 30 nM. Competition-inhibition and Scatchard analysis of the insulin binding data suggested that maprotiline competed for high-affinity insulin receptors. These observations suggest that both insulin and maprotiline specifically inhibit neuronal norepinephrine uptake possibly involving insulin receptors.
Commitment to Dating Relationships and Cross-Sex Friendships in America and China

A cross-sectional survey study examined commitment processes in the dating relationships and cross-sex friendships of young adults residing in the United States or Taiwan. Feelings of commitment were stronger in relationships with greater satisfaction, poorer quality alternatives, greater investment size and greater centrality of relationship. However, there was little evidence that commitment was influenced by normative support for a relationship. The relationship between commitment and satisfaction was stronger for dating relationships than for friendships, as was the relationship between commitment and alternatives. Dispositions appeared to affect commitment primarily in indirect ways. For example, self-esteem, psychological femininity and perspective-taking were associated with features of interdependence such as perceived alternative quality or willingness to invest, which in turn were related to feelings of commitment. Finally, Americans reported weaker commitment than would be expected given other ...
Initial evaluation of a technique for complete cecal bypass in the horse.

Objective— To describe a novel stapling technique for creation of a complete cecal bypass, without ileal transection in horses. Study Design— Experimental study. Animals— Four adult horses. Methods— Through a ventral median celiotomy, jejunocolostomy was made with an intraluminal anastomosis device (ILA-100) and oversewn with a Cushing pattern to reinforce the staple line. Immediately distal to the anastomosis, 4 rows of staples were applied using a thoracoabdominal stapling device (TA-90) to occlude the lumen of the distal jejunum and proximal ileum. Necropsy exams were performed at least 60 days after surgery. Results— No intraoperative complications occurred. Cecal bypass was functional in all horses at necropsy. The most oral staple line across the ileum partially failed in 1 horse; however cecal bypass was functional. Conclusions— Complete cecal bypass without ileal transection is a viable alternative to traditional methods of complete cecal bypass. Two sets of staple lines across the ileum are recommended. Longer term follow-up is warranted before clinical use of this technique. Clinical Relevance— Cecal bypass without ileal transection is technically simple and effectively bypasses the cecum. It also should intuitively require less time and have a reduced risk of contamination compared with complete cecal bypass with ileal transection.
Childhood origins of depression: evidence from native and nonnative women in Alaska and the Russian Far East.

Explanations for depression usually implicate contemporaneous Stressors, although biologic predispositions and childhood violence may also serve as precursors. This study evaluates the relative inf...
Can we measure software testing effectiveness

The paper examines the issues of measuring and comparing the effectiveness of testing criteria. It argues that measurement, in the usual sense, is generally not possible, but that comparison is. In particular, it argues that uniform relations that guarantee that one criterion is better at fault detection than another, according to certain types of well-understood probabilistic measures of effectiveness, are especially valuable. >
Formation of buoyant magnetic structures by a localized velocity shear

ABSTRA C T Motivated by considerations of the solar tachocline, we study the generation of strong buoyant magnetic structures by a sheared velocity field localized in a convectively stable background, using non-linear three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. The shear flow can spontaneously create strong tube-like toroidal (streamwise) magnetic structures from an imposed weak uniform poloidal (cross-stream) magnetic field. The structures are magnetically buoyant and therefore rise, and may evolve further to a rich variety of geometries, including kinked or arched shapes. The emergence process can repeat indefinitely with a characteristic period. These mechanisms may be relevant to the MHD processes in the solar tachocline and the creation and emergence of solar active regions.
Task Complexity and order Effects in Computer Presentation of Water Jar Problems

How are solutions of complex water jar problems influenced by starting with the simplest or the next simplest problem? The problems have been described as difficult variants of our water jar problems and as belonging to the class of MOVE problems that includes the Tower of Hanoi task. They were presented on a computer to 200 college students tested under eight conditions. With the simpler problem presented first rather than second, there were significant influences on the results: more solutions of each of five problems; more use of an illustrated initial direction; different preferences for initial left- or right-path solutions; shorter solutions; and reversed effects of the computer display of all the student's steps or only the most recent step. The results were discussed in terms of previous findings, memory processes, Einstellung and primacy effects, influences of timing, stress, and failure, declarative and proc6edural distinction, and educational implications.
Childhood antecedents of adult sense of belonging

Sense of belonging has been proposed to be a basic human need, and deficits in sense of belonging have been linked to problems in social and psychological functioning. Yet, there is little evidence about what early life experiences contribute to sense of belonging. The purpose of this study was to examine potential childhood antecedents of adult sense of belonging. The sample consisted of 362 community college students ranging in age from 18 to 72 years, with a mean age of 26 years. Measures included the Sense of Belonging Instrument, the Parental Bonding Instrument, and the Childhood Adversity and Adolescent Deviance Instrument. Multiple regression analysis was used to correlate childhood antecedents with adult sense of belonging. The final reduced model included 12 variables, which accounted for 25% of the variance in sense of belonging. Significant positive antecedents with a relationship with sense of belonging were perceived caring by both mother and father while growing up, participation in high school athletic activity, and parental divorce. Significant negative variables with a relationship with sense of belonging included perceived overprotection of father, high school pregnancy, family financial problems while growing up, incest, and homosexuality. Knowledge of these factors should influence interventions with families regarding child-rearing and parenting practices, mediating the effects of crises during childhood such as divorce and teen pregnancy, and the interpersonal growth needs of teenagers.
The prescription opioid, oxycodone, does not alter behavioral measures of impulsivity in healthy volunteers

Abstract This study examined the effects of oral oxycodone, a prescription opioid, on several measures of impulsive behavior in healthy volunteers. Volunteers ( n = 12) participated in a four-session, double-blind, randomized design in which they received capsules containing oxycodone (5, 10, and 20 mg) or placebo. From 70 min to approximately 120 min after ingesting the capsules, subjects completed five impulsivity tasks: delay and probability discounting task, balloon analogue risk task (BART), go/no-go task, stop task, and simple reaction time test. Mood questionnaires were also completed at fixed time points in the sessions. Oxycodone produced prototypic changes in mood in a dose-related manner, but did not affect performance on any of the impulsivity tasks. Lack of effect on impulsivity stands in contrast to other studies in which other psychoactive drugs including ethanol, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and amphetamine altered behavior on one or more behavioral measures of impulsivity.
Web-based Comparative Patient-reported Outcome Feedback to Support Quality Improvement and Comparative Effectiveness Research in Total Joint Replacement

Introduction: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are rarely included in quality monitoring systems, surgeon comparative feedback reports, or registries. We present the design and implementation of a secure website in a federally funded research program—Function and Outcomes Research for Comparative Effectiveness in Total Joint Replacement (FORCE-TJR)—to return comparative PRO reports to participating surgeons, in addition to including traditional quality measures, in order to monitor and improve quality and health outcomes. Methods: The surgeon-specific comparative PRO reports were designed and structured based on user input for content, data elements, integration, and display. Three questions are addressed regarding the knee and hip joint symptom profiles of patients before TJR, as well as outcomes of surgery. The website is organized with a hierarchical structure to display data at national, practice, and individual surgeon levels, and provides a comprehensive site-level executive summary and surgeon-level data reports that can be downloaded. Early Results: As of September 2014, over 22,000 patients were enrolled from more than 130 surgeons in 22 states. The reporting website was launched in September 2012 and has been updated quarterly for all surgeons to review their site- and individual-specific outcomes data compared to national benchmarks. Discussion: In this novel system, quarterly comparative surgeon feedback extends beyond traditional measures of complication rates to include PROs of pain relief and functional gain. We anticipate that this enhanced data will facilitate patient-centered quality improvement (QI) and outcomes research from the registry. As the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and other insurers consider future implementation of PROs, surgeons will increasingly need comparative data by which to self-monitor their practice outcomes.
Paleobotanical evidence for the post-Miocene uplift of the Cascade Range

Five Neogene floras in southern Washington and northwest Oregon indicate that the uplift of the Cascade Range occurred after ∼8–6 Ma. Miocene floras west of the range (Wilkes and Faraday floras) resemble paleofloras of correlative age to the east (Rattlesnake Hills, Palouse Falls, and lower Ringold). The statistical similarity of Miocene floras east and west of the Cascade Range axis demonstrates that a similar mesic, warm climate across the Pacific Northwest existed during the Middle and Late Miocene. These floras represent mixed hardwood–conifer forests that commonly contained Taxodium (bald cypress) and other mesophytic taxa. Based on Jaccard similarity coefficients calibrated with climatic data from modern plant communities, these paleofloras indicate a climate that was summer–wet, unlike that of the Pacific Northwest today. The annual precipitation was >100 cm, and the estimated mean annual temperatures of the fossil sites were 12–13 °C. The Miocene floras indicate that the development of a Cascade r...
The changing landscape of heart failure hospitalizations.

Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem. In the mid-1990s, temporal trends from vital statistics appeared so alarming that the hypothesis of a new epidemic of HF was formulated ([1][1]). Subsequent studies that formally investigated the epidemic demonstrated that the incidence of HF had
Manuel Cardona: Personal Recollections and Comments

My first introduction to Manuel Cardona was through his publications. In the early 1960s, I was a graduate student at the University of Chicago, supervised by Jim Phillips, who asked me to look up all of Manuel’s papers. I was working on semiconductors, and Jim was not only educating me, he was building a case to try to bring Manuel to Chicago. I still remember how impressed I was by what Manuel had done and was doing. I then became depressed when I realized that, “this guy is only 6 months older than I am”. My high regard for Manuel continued and increased as time went on. As it turned out, I was fortunate enough to work in the same area as Manuel and to profit directly from his great productivity and deep insights throughout my career.
Hypertension in 2015: Resistant hypertension: impact and evolving treatment options

Combination therapy with optimal doses of multiple antihypertensive drugs fails to achieve blood pressure (BP) control in up to 15% of hypertensive patients. Key studies in 2015 highlighted the risks of uncontrolled hypertension and evaluated new therapeutic modalities designed to achieve satisfactory BP control in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension.
Valuing Companies: An Overview of Analytical Approaches

This technical note provides an overview of a valuation network: multiples, options pricing, specific-asset valuation, and present value. The strengths and philosophies of each approach are discussed in the context of valuing companies. Variations of present-value approaches are also discussed. The purpose of the note is to furnish a conceptual overview rather than to go through the mechanics.
Pediatric Folk Beliefs of Inner-City Black Chicagoans

Objectives To estimate the familiarity of black inner-city Chi-cagoans with pediatric folk beliefs identified by key informants. Study Design Five black staff members at an inner-city clinic identified 10 African American folk beliefs regarding pediatric care. A survey of 606 African American patients in Chicago assessed familiarity with these beliefs, and with medical recommendations regarding immunization and sleep position. Results The 2 medical recommendations were more familiar and more believed than any of the identified folk beliefs. The most widely known folk belief was that it is dangerous for a woman to go outdoors 4 to 6 weeks after she has a baby, which was familiar to 93% of respondents. The most believed cultural item was that it is bad to stand where an infant has to roll his eyes back to see you, which was familiar to 86% of respondents and thought true by 86% of those familiar with it. Respondents born in a southern state were significantly more likely to have heard of taping a coin over an umbilicus that sticks out (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 -2.26; p = .045) and less likely to agree with infant back or side position for sleep (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.85; p = .021). Conclusion The widespread familiarity with specific folk beliefs in this population suggests that an understanding of these beliefs may be important for culturally competent providers of pediatric care in Chicago’s inner city. Further research is needed to determine whether these findings are reproducible in other socioeconomic and geographic settings.
Dynamic Voltage Balancing Circuit with Energy Recovery for IGBT Series Connection

Based on analyzing the distribution mechanism of the dynamic voltage on series connected IGBT,the slope of collector-emitter voltage changed dynamic voltage balancing circuit with energy recovery was presented. Aiming at the imbalance of voltage caused by the different slopes of collector-emitter voltage.It has last response, low loss and high reliability.It was analyzed by the simulations.The results show the dynamic voltage balancing circuit can not only suppress the imbalance of voltage caused by the different slopes of collector-emitter voltage,but also diminish the overvoltage across IGBTs dramatically.It is guaranteed that a circuit including series connected IGBT can operate safely.
Correlative Factors to Incision Infection in General Surgery:A Logistic Regression Analysis

OBJECTIVE To discuss the related factors and the prevention of incision infection in general surgery.METHODS The data of 1830 general surgical patients were analyzed retrospectivly.The observation group consisted of patients with surgical incision infection and the control group was of Non-infected patients,and the factors that might cause incision infection were analyzed by single-factor and logistic regression.RESULTS From 1830 cases,57 cases were with incision infection.Its prevalence was 3.11%.Their were 10 factors related to the incision infection by single-factor analysis,and after logistic regression analysis,we knew that were older age,higher BMI,long surgery time,emergent surgery,and combined with underlying diseases were the related factors causing incision infection.CONCLUSIONS General surgery incision infection rate is higher deu to a variety of factors.We should target at the related risk factors to prevent and control the incision infection.
Biphasic Changes in Thymus Structure during Evolving Renal Hypertension

1. Structural changes in the thymus during the evolution experimental renal hypertension were investigated to determine their possible role in the genesis of hypertensive vascular disease. 2. The thymus, adrenal glands and the progression of hypertensive vascular lesions were investigated in rats during the first 30 days after occlusion of the aorta between the two renal arteries. 3. Hypertension was initially accompanied by marked atrophy of the thymus, most pronounced 9 days after operation. During this time, the adrenal glands doubled in size and the heart became enlarged. 4. After 21 days the thymus regenerated and became hypertrophic. Histological features of hyperactivity accompanied by infiltration of plasma cells were evident, while the adrenal glands remained enlarged. 5. The observed structural changes of the regenerated thymus in the presence of sustained adrenal hypertrophy indicate that the thymus may contribute to the production of hypertensive vascular disease.
Cortisol and testosterone dynamics following exhaustive endurance exercise.

Cortisol (C) and testosterone (T) are impacted significantly by prolonged endurance exercise with inverse responses. Increases in C are witnessed concurrently with decrements in T, possibly impacting recovery. This study was conducted to assess the dynamics of C and free T (fT) concentration and recovery time following an exhaustive endurance exercise session (EES). 12 endurance-trained males (X ± SD: VO2max 66.3±4.8 ml/kg/min, age 22.8 ± 3.1 years, body fat 11.0 ± 1.4 %, training 7.1 ± 3.2 years) completed a treadmill EES at ventilatory threshold (74.7 ± 4.6 % of VO2max; 96.9 ± 10.8 min). Basal blood C and fT were collected at baseline: −48, −24 h, and immediately before (0 h) the EES as well as immediately (+0 h), +24 h, +48 h, and +72 h after the EES. Blood glucose (G) was measured to confirm no undue influence on C. Statistically data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA (LSD post hoc). C (nmol/L) increased significantly from −48 h (321 ± 59) to +0 h (701 ± 178) (p < 0.001), and displayed a baseline overshoot with +24 h (209 ± 67) being significantly lower than −48 and +0 h (p < 0.03). fT (pmol/L) decreased significantly from −48 h (161 ± 40) to +0 h (106 ± 38) (p < 0.01) and remained lower at +24 h (110 ± 33) and +48 h (129 ± 30) (p < 0.001). G remained stable throughout. A moderately negative correlation (r = −0.636, p < 0.026) was found between C and fT at +0 h. EES recovery may require 48 h for C and 72 h for fT to return to baseline values. Furthermore, C and fT were only correlated immediately post-exercise. Future research should perform more frequent measurements throughout time course.
Radical prostatectomy for stage B2 prostatic cancer.

AbstractIt has been suggested that patients with large, localized prostatic carcinomas (stage B2) may not be good candidates for radical prostatectomy. Inaccuracy of the rectal examination is a particular problem with a lesion of this type. Unrecognized extension beyond the prostatic capsule, especially into the seminal vesicles, is well known and unsuspected involvement of pelvic lymph nodes may be present.Patients with clinical stage B2 prostatic carcinoma who seemed to be potentially good candidates for radical prostatectomy have been subjected to pelvic lymphadenectomy for staging. All of these patients have had a normal chest x-ray, serum acid phosphatase, excretory urogram and radioisotope bone scan.During a 10½-year interval 87 patients with clinical stage B2 prostatic carcinoma underwent staging pelvic lymphadenectomy. Of these patients 24 (28 per cent) had positive pelvic lymph nodes and were excluded from consideration for radical prostatectomy. Fifty patients with clinical stage B2 prostatic ca...
Implementing delay insensitive oscillatory neural networks using CMOS and emerging technology

One major challenge in efficiently implementing neuromorphic networks is the need for a large number of variable synaptic connections. Networks that use emerging resistive memories as synapses have been proposed to tackle this problem, but interfacing with these devices is still inefficient in deeply-scaled CMOS. Oscillatory Neural Networks (ONNs) use a different paradigm than most analog hardware implementations, and may be able to interface more efficiently with RRAM neurons. Previous work on ONNs, however, has not considered the effects of actual hardware implementation realities, such as delay in the network. In this work, the first reported IC implementation of an oscillatory neural network is designed and fabricated. Modifications are made to the ONN architecture based on theoretical analysis to allow for proper operation in real-world conditions. One modification is changing the PLL-type, giving the system a different dynamic trajectory which is robust to global delays. Additionally, circuitry is added to control the transport delay of the neuron output signals. A chip with the modified ONN architecture is designed and tested in 28 nm CMOS and estimated power and area figures are reported.
The operation of a high phase order transmission system with one phase open

High phase order transmission systems are studied with attention to the operation of polyphase systems with one phase out of service (open circuited). The case of phase order above three is investigated. The intent is to identify operating and design scenarios that result in acceptable operation even with one phase open circuited. Envisioned are temporary outages (e.g., to allow repairs) of one phase; and cases in which one phase is opened momentarily and reclosure is successful. Considered as measures of acceptability of service are voltage unbalance, voltage regulation and power transfer upon opening one phase. The concept of single pole switching for stability enhancement of a three-phase system is not considered.
Creating an Innovative Culture

Four types of mutually exclusive cultures are described in Cameron and Quinn's (2011) Competing Values Framework, but only one is described as innovative. Each culture requires a certain type of leadership approach, values, concept of effectiveness, and quality improvement strategy. Brief interviews were conducted with leaders of four types of organizations to help determine the type of industries that align with these cultures and to consider how to create innovation in each.
Introduction: Languages in Literature

Monolingualism and Linguistic Exhibitionism in Fiction examines the seemingly increasing presence of multilingualism in the domain of English fiction. Of particular pertinence are the linguistic ramifications of the award-culture underpinning current, transnational authors from multiple continents writing in English—celebrated authors who linguistically and thematically spotlight globally-prominent languages such as English, while also including multilingual content from ‘other’ languages. Consider, for example, Booker winner Salman Rushdie’s use of approximately 150 tokenizations of multilinguality culled from nine different languages in The Enchantress of Florence, or Pulitzer winner Jhumpa Lahiri’s use of four languages and over 70 tokenizations of Italian in Unaccustomed Earth. How, for example, does Booker winner Aravind Adiga in The White Tiger use Hindi to make a case for English? What strategies does award-winner Monica Ali deploy in Brick Lane to invisibilize Bengali while managing to visibilize English? What literary and linguistic strategies of Englishing—spotlighting English—does Vodafone winner and 2014 Booker-shortlister Neel Mukherjee deploy while also simultaneously peripherizing the vocality of copiously deployed Bengali lexicalizations in The Lives of Others? How do these authors of this past decade represent as they sustain current global linguistic hierarchies and asymmetries?
MESH Nano-Oscillator: All electrical doubly tunable spintronic oscillator

Spin-Torque Nano-Oscillators (STNO) are of great research interest due to their compactness and scalability, GHz operation, frequency tunability, and integrability in existing CMOS process flow [1]. However, they have some short-comings that prevents commercial uptake. These are, broadly, the need of an external magnetic field for operation, low output power, poor Q-factor and high phase noise which can be mitigated by injection locking [2].
Programmable arbitrary waveform generator for internal defibrillation research

A programmable arbitrary waveform generator for creation of experimental defibrillation shocks is described. The system is capable of delivering shocks for internal defibrillation via 10 channels at 1000 Volts and 30 Amps. A microcontroller driven system that can receive waveform commands from a laptop was designed to be able to deliver shocks to any combination of electrodes. Waveforms are controllable down to 100 microsecond intervals and each channel is capable of serving as anode or cathode. This system can be used to verify predictions for defibrillation waveform efficacy as predicted by modeling efforts or to test new experimental waveforms tuned to parameters from an individual subject.
Biobanking and fertility preservation for rare and endangered species

For more than 25 years, systematic gathering and cryo-storage of biomaterials from diverse wild species have been ongoing to save gene diversity and improve captive (ex situ) and wild (in situ) animal management. Cryo-storage of biomaterials offers broad opportunities - from helping understand the fundamental biology of unstudied species to enhanced conservation breeding, genomics and veterinary medicine. While promoted for decades, the banking of germplasm, tissue, blood and DNA from wildlife species only recently has been considered by some to be a core function of animal conservation programs. Importantly, reproductive biotechnologies and fertility preservation are critical tools for saving and maintaining endangered species and are tightly related to biobanking. Some successes have been reported with the use and integration of artificial insemination (with fresh or frozen-thawed semen) in conservation programs. However, not a single wild species is currently managed through oocyte freezing or embryo-based technologies. This is primarily due to the lack of knowledge of species biology, as well as inadequate facilities, space, expertise, and funding needed for their successful application. More fundamental studies on animal reproductive biology as well as more fertility preservation options are needed with all parties involved (reproductive technologists, zoo biologists and conservationists) adopting parallel efforts to sustain wild populations and habitats
Investigating Data Motion Power Trends to Enable Power-Efficient OpenSHMEM Implementations

As we continue to develop extreme-scale systems, it is becoming increasingly important to be mindful and more in control of power consumed by these systems. With high performance requirements being more constrained by power and data movement quickly becoming the critical concern for both power and performance, now is an opportune time for OpenSHMEM implementations to address the need for more power-efficient data movement. In order to enable power efficient OpenSHMEM implementations, we have formulated power trend studies that emphasize power consumption for one-sided communications and the disparities in power consumption across multiple implementations. In this paper, we present power trend analysis, generate targeted hypotheses for increasing power efficiency with OpenSHMEM, and discuss prospective research for power efficient OpenSHMEM implementations.
Radiation induced segregation in quaternary Fe-Ti-Y-O alloys

Abstract Radiation induced segregation of alloying elements in nanostructured ferritic alloys (NFAs), a material used for fuel cladding, results in embrittlement at grain boundaries, which comprises the lifetime of the material. This study models this segregation by the creation, migration, recombination, and annihilation of point defects by electron irradiation using rate theory. A progression was used in the development of the models from simplistic pure iron to binary Fe-Y to the complex Fe-Ti-Y-O. The rate theory equations break from previous ternary alloy models found in literature by modeling the movement of oxygen, an element preferentially found in the octahedral sites and travels by interstitial diffusion. The simulations from both models showed agreement with literature with enrichment of alloying elements Y, Ti, and O at grain boundaries. A validation method of the model based on thermal segregation is also described.
Lasing and Steering an integrated Vortex Laser

We demonstrated theoretically and experimentally a Bound State in the Continuum Surface Emitting Laser that operates at room temperature and it can steer the beam with an angle depending on the topology of structure.
ELECTRICAL CHARGE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS IN CARBON BLACK FILLED GLASSY POLYMERS

ABSTRACT The electrical resistance (R) of poly(methylmethacrylate), poly(ethylmethacrylate), poly(n-butylmethacrylate), and polystyrene—containing up to 15% by weight graphitic carbon black—was measured through a broad temperature (T) range (98°K to 398°K). A minimum in the R vs T curve is observed well within the glassy state condition of the polymer. This behavior is found by theoretical and computer analysis to follow a mathematical relation based on the semiconductivity of carbon and interparticle tunnelling. Near the glass temperature, a deviation from this behavior occurred.
Vardenafil Clinical Trials Experience

There can be little doubt that the introduction into clinical practice of oral phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors has had a major and positive impact on the quality of life in men with erectile dysfunction (ED) of various causes. PDE5 inhibitors have largely supplanted less subjectively appealing local treatments for ED, such as vacuum constriction devices, penile self-injection therapy, transurethral alprostadil, and inflatable penile prostheses, as first-line therapy in the majority of men seeking treatment for ED. The first of these PDE5 inhibitors was sildenafil (Viagra™). In spite of the benefits of sildenafil, its ocular effect, which manifests as dose-related changes in blue-tinted vision in some patients, reflects its weak inhibition of PDE6 and lack of selectivity.
Cytotoxic and helper T-lymphocyte responses to antibody recognition regions on influenza virus hemagglutinin.

We have previously localized and synthesized twelve antibody recognition sites on influenza virus hemaggl uti ni n (HA). These peptides correspond to exposed surface areas in the 3-D structure of HA. Using intact X31 virus as the i mmnunogen, we have determined the recognition of these synthetic peptides by proliferative T-helper lymphocytes (ThL) , delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) , and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) responses. The responses to the individual determinants in each of these immune compartments were under separate Ir gene control. Conversely, using the peptides as immunogens, we have determined the ability of various peptide-specific antibodies (in outbred mice) and ThLs (in H-2k, H-2d, H-2s and H-2b mice) to recognize intact virus. Whereas most of the peptides primed the mice for an anti-peptide proliferative ThL response, only very few of these cross-reacted wi th the virus. The identity of the peptide(s) eliciting virus cross-reactive ThLs varied with the strain. The importance of antibody, ThL, CTL and DTH responses in protection against viral infection and in vaccine design is discussed.
Decentering Whiteness in Feminist Bioethics: Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) as an Illustrative Case

In 1999, Susan Wolf diagnosed what was missing in bioethics: “an analysis that places race, ethnicity, and gender at the center.” Since then, not enough progress has been made in “decentering” whiteness in bioethics. The use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in the United States, and the bioethical discussion surrounding it, provides a window into the problem. Recent surveys of ART usage show racial disparities in access to ART and treatment outcomes. A personal testimony about egg freezing suggests a perceptual blindness when white experience is taken to be the norm. Nevertheless, bioethics, including feminist bioethics, has largely framed ART within the parameters of “normative whiteness.” This paper will argue that feminist bioethics needs to put race at the center of analysis and will suggest pathways for doing so. Decentering whiteness requires a consideration of epistemic limits and privilege, a reevaluation of the goals of feminism, and an embrace of empathy in service of a more responsive and flexible worldview.
Follicular involvement is frequent in lentigo maligna: Implications for treatment

Background Follicular involvement of lentigo maligna (LM) is considered a histopathologic hallmark, but its prevalence and characteristics have not been well defined. The depth of intrafollicular extension by neoplastic melanocytes may have clinical importance in the treatment of LM. Objective To describe the prevalence and features of follicular involvement in LM, including depth of follicular growth by melanocytes. Methods A single-center retrospective study of 100 consecutive cases of surgically excised LM that was treated from 2013 to 2015. The slide review for cases with residual LM on the debulk specimen was performed by a dermatologic surgeon and dermatopathologist to characterize follicular involvement. Results Of 100 specimens, 72 met the inclusion criteria for histopathologic evaluation. Follicular involvement was seen in 95.8% of specimens (95% confidence interval, 88.3%-99.1%), with a mean of 68% of follicles involved in a single specimen. The mean depth of intrafollicular growth by lesional melanocytes was 0.45 mm (standard deviation, 0.23; range, 0.1-1.1 mm). Tumor cells were confined to the infundibular portion of the hair follicle in 60.9% of specimens. Conclusion Superficial follicular involvement is a ubiquitous finding in LM. When treatment options for LM with a depth-dependent modality aiming for tumor clearance are being considered, mean and maximum depths of involvement should be taken into consideration.
Female Earnings and the Returns to Spousal Education Over Time

Using U.S. Census data from 1960 to 2000 and American Community Survey data from 2010, this paper estimates the relationship between the husband’s educational attainment and his wife’s annual labor earnings. For full-time working wives, each additional year of completed schooling by the husband was associated with a 2% increase in his wife’s earnings. The returns to spousal education were larger when the couple worked in the same occupation. The estimated relationship has increased slightly since 1970. This increase was larger for younger wives. These results are consistent with cross-productivity and documented increases in educational homogamy.