cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Myofibrillar protein turnover in feed-restricted and realimented beef cattle.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feed restriction and repletion on myofibrillar protein turnover in cattle. Crossbred steer calves (n = 12) about 310 d of age were assigned randomly to a diet of corn and silage that was 1) provided ad libitum for 146 d (ALC) or 2) restricted so steers gained .2 kg/d for 80 d but received ad libitum access to feed thereafter for 66 d (RFC). At 27, 55, 97, 118 and 146 d a 24-h urine sample and a blood sample were obtained. Urine was analyzed for N tau-methylhistidine (N tau-MH), creatinine (C), urea nitrogen (UN) and total nitrogen (TN). Serum samples were analyzed for hydroxyproline (HYP), C and albumin (A). Body weights were lower (P less than .05) in RFC at 55, 97, 118 and 146 d. Excretion of N tau-MH was lower (P less than .05) in the RFC at 27 and 55 d but higher at 118 d. Urinary C excretion was higher in ALC at the last four sample times. Urinary UN and TN excretion were lower (P less than .05) in RFC at 55, 97 and 118 d; urinary UN also was lower (P less than .05) at d 146. Serum A was higher (P less than .05) in ALC at 55 and 118 d, respectively. Serum HYP was higher (P less than .05) in RFC at 27 and 55 d. Calculated myofibrillar protein breakdown rates (FBR) and fractional synthesis rates (FSR) were higher (P less than .05) in RFC at the last two sampling periods; FSR was lower for the RFC at the first sampling period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
AcmeStudio: supporting style-centered architecture development

Software architectural modeling is crucial to the development of high-quality software. Tool support is required for this activity, so that models can be developed, viewed, analyzed, and refined to implementations. This support needs to be provided in a flexible and extensible manner so that the tools can fit into a company's process and can use particular, perhaps company-defined, domain-specific architectural styles. In this research demonstration, we describe AcmeStudio, a style-neutral architecture development environment that can be easily specialized for architectural design in different domains.
Fetuses with trisomy 21 having conflicting findings on antenatal testing for fetal well-being

Objective This series reports 3 cases with conflicting antenatal sonographic findings: intrauterine growth restriction, absent or reversed end-diastolic flow in umbilical artery Doppler imaging, and reassuring biophysical test results. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of medical records. Results Three fetuses had intrauterine growth restriction and absent or reversed end-diastolic flow in umbilical artery Doppler studies, but the biophysical test results and amniotic fluid volume assessment were normal. We found no other signs of fetal jeopardy from placental insufficiency. In these cases, trisomy 21 was established after birth by karyotyping. Ventricular septal defects and aortic regurgitation were noted in 2 of the 3 affected fetuses. Conclusions When there is an unusual combination of antenatal sonographic findings such as presented here, fetal cardiac abnormalities and aneuploidy should be considered.
A canine hybrid double-bundle model for study of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction.

Development and validation of a large animal model for pre-clinical studies of intra-articular anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction that addresses current limitations is highly desirable. The objective of the present study was to investigate a translational canine model for ACL reconstruction. With institutional approval, adult research hounds underwent arthroscopic debridement of the anteromedial bundle (AMB) of the ACL, and then either received a tendon autograft for “hybrid double-bundle” ACL reconstruction (n = 12) or no graft to remain ACL/AMB-deficient (n = 6). Contralateral knees were used as non-operated controls (n = 18) and matched canine cadaveric knees were used as biomechanical controls (n = 6). Dogs were assessed using functional, diagnostic imaging, gross, biomechanical, and histologic outcome measures required for pre-clinical animal models. The data suggest that this canine model was able to overcome the major limitations of large animal models used for translational research in ACL reconstruction and closely follow clinical aspects of human ACL reconstruction. The “hybrid double-bundle” ACL reconstruction allowed for sustained knee function without the development of osteoarthritis and for significantly improved functional, diagnostic imaging, gross, biomechanical, and histologic outcomes in grafted knees compared to ACL/AMB-deficient knees. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1171–1179, 2015.
Texture model validation using higher-order statistics

Higher-than-second-order statistics are used to derive and implement 2-D Gaussianity and linearity tests which validate the assumptions of random models which characterize texture analysis and synthesis in terms of first- and second-order statistics. The non-redundant region of the 2-D cumulant sequence and its Fourier transform, the bispectrum, are correctly defined and proven. General non-minimum phase and asymmetric non-causal AR (autoregressive) and ARMA (autoregressive moving average) models of textures are derived using cumulant statistics. Parameter estimators are obtained both by solving a set of linear equations and by minimizing a cumulant-matching criterion. Simulations on synthetic data are performed and the results of the higher-order analysis on real textures are reported. >
Is it time for a randomized trial of surgical treatment of ischemic heart failure

Should we take seriously the concluding paragraph of the article by Athanasuleas et al. [(1)][1], in this issue of the Journal , calling for a randomized comparison of the surgical anterior ventricular restoration (SAVER) operation with medical therapy or with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
Causal Baryon Diffusion and Colored Noise for Heavy Ion Collisions

Abstract We construct a model for baryon diffusion which has the desired properties of analyticity and causality. The model also has the desired property that the noise correlation function is not a Dirac delta function in space and time. The model depends on three time constants in addition to the diffusion constant. This description can be incorporated into 2nd order viscous hydrodynamical models of heavy ion collisions.
Role of FDG PET/CT in prediction of post-radiation therapy chest wall toxicity

2721 Objectives Radiation therapy (RT) is used to treat many intrathoracic malignancies. A variety of changes may occur after RT to the thorax. In patients with lung cancer, radiation-induced chest wall injuries are a common and potentially serious complication of RT. Such complications range from skin inflammation to rib fracture. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether PET/CT images can predict the development of such abnormalities. Methods Patients with early stage non small cell lung cancer who underwent RT and subsequent PET/CT were retrospectively reviewed and assigned to two select groups. Group one was defined as patients with chest wall abnormalities secondary to RT and group two consisted of patients without chest wall abnormalities or abnormalities not related to RT. Both groups had comparable lung lesions as well as RT doses/techniques. Distinction between both groups was made by the treating RT physician. PET/CT images of these patients were retrospectively reviewed to measure SUV mean and SUV max from a region of interest placed at the most FDG avid area of the chest wall of the affected lung lesion treated with RT. Results Group one consisted of 5 patients, 2 male and 3 female and signs of radiation induced chest wall complications ranging from skin inflammation to rib fracture. The average mean SUV for these patients was 1.311 and the average SUV maximum was 2.344. Group 2 consisted of 3 males and 2 females. The average mean SUV for this group was .933 and the average SUV maximum was 1.967. Conclusions PET/CT images revealed a 29 % higher SUV mean and a 16 % higher SUV max in patients who subsequently developed RT induced chest wall injuries. Larger prospective studies are needed to elucidate the utilization of FDG PET/CT in the prediction of higher risk for developing chest wall injuries. In so doing, progression of such injuries could be avoided
Energy-Efficient Workload Placement in Enterprise Datacenters

Power loss from an uninterruptible power supply can account for 15 percent of a datacenter's energy. A rack-level power model that relates IT workload and its power dissipation allows optimized workload placement that can save a datacenter roughly $1.4 million in annual energy costs.
Tunneling and Excavation in Soft Rock and Soil

This paper is to provide an overview of the engineering required for the design and construction of excavations in soft rock and soil. Two types of construction are discussed which are commonly termed ‘soil tunnels’ and ‘braced excavations.’ The intent is to give the engineering geologist a framework for identification of what is important in this type of work. The focus is on engineering from design through construction and emphasizes to some degree the perspective of the design engineer. It is intended to illustrate what is technically required in order to develop sufficient information to design for earth loading and to assess the potential impact of construction on adjacent structures. Construction is also discussed from the standpoint of constructability and construction methods. This treatment of what is required for excavation in soft rock and soil should be understood to be extremely broad. It is not intended that this document be used by an individual to directly undertake the process of exploration, design, or inspection during construction for a large, or even a small, project that would involve construction of a soil tunnel or an excavation adjacent to existing buildings. Rather, it is intended that this overview be used as an introduction to the topic for those not initially familiar with this type of construction as well as be used as resource material for future study. Finally, this paper is not intended to be overly technically detailed, recognizing that the members of the intended audience are not specialists in underground construction. An annotated bibliography is provided as a resource for more in-depth study.
Functional and Numerical Responses of the Predatory Mite, Amblyseius fallacis, to Prey Density

Feeding rate and egg deposition rate of the predatory mite Amblyseius fallacis (Garman) was studied in response to the density of 3 different stages of the prey Tetranyehus urticae (Koch). Predation rate and egg deposition rate depended on the density of the prey up to a maximum. The form of the curve depended on the type of prey. When the prey was in the egg stage, there was a linear relationship between number of prey attacked/predator and prey density, up to a density of 40 per leaf. When the prey was adult ♂, there was a linear response by predators to prey density up to a maximum of 40 prey per leaf. However, in contrast to egg-stage prey, as the density of the ♂ prey was further increased so was the attack rate of the predator. As the density of the ♀ prey was increased the predator attacked the eggs deposited by the ♀ rather than the bigger, active ♀. The number of eggs deposited by the predator depended on the density of the prey, up to a maximum of about 2 eggs/♀/day and then the oviposition rate leveled off. The maximum rate of oviposition was reached before maximum prey attacked.
Ran Involved in the Development and Reproduction Is a Potential Target for RNA-Interference-Based Pest Management in Nilaparvata lugens.

Ran (RanGTPase) in insects participates in the 20-hydroxyecdysone signal transduction pathway in which downstream genes, FTZ-F1, Kruppel-homolog 1 (Kr-h1) and vitellogenin, are involved. A putative Ran gene (NlRan) was cloned from Nilaparvata lugens, a destructive phloem-feeding pest of rice. NlRan has the typical Ran primary structure features that are conserved in insects. NlRan showed higher mRNA abundance immediately after molting and peaked in newly emerged female adults. Among the examined tissues ovary had the highest transcript level, followed by fat body, midgut and integument, and legs. Three days after dsNlRan injection the NlRan mRNA abundance in the third-, fourth-, and fifth-instar nymphs was decreased by 94.3%, 98.4% and 97.0%, respectively. NlFTZ-F1 expression levels in treated third- and fourth-instar nymphs were reduced by 89.3% and 23.8%, respectively. In contrast, NlKr-h1 mRNA levels were up-regulated by 67.5 and 1.5 folds, respectively. NlRan knockdown significantly decreased the body weights, delayed development, and killed >85% of the nymphs at day seven. Two apparent phenotypic defects were observed: (1) Extended body form, and failed to molt; (2) The cuticle at the notum was split open but cannot completely shed off. The newly emerged female adults from dsNlRan injected fifth-instar nymphs showed lower levels of NlRan and vitellogenin, lower weight gain and honeydew excretion comparing with the blank control, and no offspring. Those results suggest that NlRan encodes a functional protein that was involved in development and reproduction. The study established proof of concept that NlRan could serve as a target for dsRNA-based pesticides for N. lugens control.
Green tea and quercetin sensitize PC-3 xenograft prostate tumors to docetaxel chemotherapy

Background Chemotherapy with docetaxel (Doc) remains the standard treatment for metastatic and castration-resistance prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the clinical success of Doc is limited by its chemoresistance and side effects. This study investigated whether natural products green tea (GT) and quercetin (Q) enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Doc in CRPC in mouse models.
Anlaysis of the Growth and Development among the Hain Students from Seven to Eighteen in Jianshui

OBJECTIVE In order to investigate the growth and development of children and adolescents in Jianshui County, and provide the basis for the relevant departments to formulate policies. METHODS Using the materials of Yunnan in 2005 and 2010 in national student health survey data, analysis of morphology, function and quality index of Jianshui County in Han students. RESULTS Age characteristics results in 2010, Jianshui County's Han students aged 7~18 years old, height, chest circumference, vital capacity weight form function index and speed, power, endurance, strength and flexibility index significantly, increased with the age, growth rate of each age is different, each index development conforms with the general rules of growth and development. Urban students height, chest circumference growth trend slowed down or even stagnation. The rural students' growth is faster than the city, urban and rural difference. About the speed, endurance, explosive force, the boys are better than the girls. The girls are better than theboys in flexibility. About flexibility, the urban area was significantly higher than the rural area. The urban and the rural areas in other indexes had no obvious difference. Decline in the male, girls speed, endurance, explosive force of lower limbs and abdominal muscle force girls. The boys and girls' flexibility and the boys upper arm muscle strength improved. CONCLUSION The school, family and society should form a resultant force, strengthen guidance, make students to balance diet and exercise environment, cultivating the consciousness and behavior habit of reasonable diet and exercise, promote the students' physical health.
Small Caliceal Stones: Is Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy Justified?

AbstractOf 446 patients treated by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 22 had small nonobstructive caliceal stones associated with lumbar or flank pain. Size (less than 1cm.) and location of the stone did not explain the severity of the symptoms, nor would they have been an indication for open or percutaneous stone removal. Followup consisted of a sonogram and a film of the kidneys, ureters and bladder on postoperative day 1, a film of the kidneys, ureters and bladder 2 weeks after treatment, and a film of the kidneys, ureters and bladder and/or excretory urography after 3 months for patients with residual stone fragments. All patients were interviewed 3 to 15 months after treatment to ascertain the resolution or persistence of the symptoms.After extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, 3 of 22 patients had persistent stone fragments for more than 3 months: 2 reported no change and 1 had marked improvement of the symptoms. Of the remaining 19 patients 15 (79 per cent) had complete resolution of the pain a...
Ancillary contributions of heterologous biotin protein ligase and carbonic anhydrase for CO2 incorporation into 3-hydroxypropionate by metabolically engineered Pyrococcus furiosus

Acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), malonyl-CoA reductase (MCR), and malonic semialdehyde reductase (MRS) convert HCO3- and acetyl-CoA into 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP) in the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate carbon fixation cycle resident in the extremely thermoacidophilic archaeon Metallosphaera sedula. These three enzymes, when introduced into the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus, enable production of 3HP from maltose and CO2 . Sub-optimal function of ACC was hypothesized to be limiting for production of 3HP, so accessory enzymes carbonic anhydrase (CA) and biotin protein ligase (BPL) from M. sedula were produced recombinantly in Escherichia coli to assess their function. P. furiosus lacks a native, functional CA, while the M. sedula CA (Msed_0390) has a specific activity comparable to other microbial versions of this enzyme. M. sedula BPL (Msed_2010) was shown to biotinylate the β-subunit (biotin carboxyl carrier protein) of the ACC in vitro. Since the native BPLs in E. coli and P. furiosus may not adequately biotinylate the M. sedula ACC, the carboxylase was produced in P. furiosus by co-expression with the M. sedula BPL. The baseline production strain, containing only the ACC, MCR, and MSR, grown in a CO2 -sparged bioreactor reached titers of approximately 40 mg/L 3HP. Strains in which either the CA or BPL accessory enzyme from M. sedula was added to the pathway resulted in improved titers, 120 or 370 mg/L, respectively. The addition of both M. sedula CA and BPL, however, yielded intermediate titers of 3HP (240 mg/L), indicating that the effects of CA and BPL on the engineered 3HP pathway were not additive, possible reasons for which are discussed. While further efforts to improve 3HP production by regulating gene dosage, improving carbon flux and optimizing bioreactor operation are needed, these results illustrate the ancillary benefits of accessory enzymes for incorporating CO2 into 3HP production in metabolically engineered P. furiosus, and hint at the important role that CA and BPL likely play in the native 3HP/4HB pathway in M. sedula. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2652-2660. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of JCAH Standards in Negligence Suits

Court cases in which the Standards of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals have been introduced into evidence are reviewed to examine the various legal roles of the Standards and to consider some implications of this for the hospital and for the hospital pharmacist. Following a review of the Darling case, the role of the Standards in establishing a legal duty is examined with emphasis on a case involving medication handling where it was held that a hospital may be liable for damages resulting from failure to comply with JCAH Standards. The Standards have also been used to assist in creating a national standard of due care by abrogating the locality or community rule. Miscellaneous uses of the Standards are also discussed. The product institutional pharmacist will be thoroughly familiar with JCAH Standards applicable to activities related to medication handling and take steps to assure that every effort is made to comply with these requirements.
Maldistribution in the Radial-Flow Fixed Bed Reactor

Radial-flow reactors provide high capacity without increased pressure drop or greatly increased vessel dimensions. This is done by holding the catalyst in a basket forming an annular bed, and causing the gas to flow between the central tube and the outer annulus (separating the catalyst bed and the external pressure shell). This presents the gases with a high flow cross-sectional area per bed volume, so that high throughput can be achieved without increased gas velocity, the catalyst bed can be relatively thin and thus give a low pressure drop. This low pressure drop means that smaller pellets can be used with higher effectiveness factors, and the reactor can be run at a lower total pressure, allowing the use of a centrifugal compressor and thus lower power consumption.
MT, Linguistics, Logic

Simmons’s concern with semantic mapping mirrors a general concern in AI theory and research with problems of translation. They are epitomized in attempts at the mechanical translation (MT) of natural languages, a project that has long intrigued the artificial intelligentsia, who were spurred on greatly by the development of Chomskyan grammar because it seemed at first to offer a formalism for generating all the sentences of any given natural language — perhaps from those of any other.
A computational study on the effect of the orifice size on the performance of a turbulent jet ignition system

Fully three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic simulations with detailed combustion chemistry of a turbulent jet ignition system installed in a rapid compression machine are presented. The tur...
Slow Temporal Integration Enables Robust Neural Coding and Perception of a Cue to Sound Source Location

In mammals, localization of sound sources in azimuth depends on sensitivity to interaural differences in sound timing (ITD) and level (ILD). Paradoxically, while typical ILD-sensitive neurons of the auditory brainstem require millisecond synchrony of excitatory and inhibitory inputs for the encoding of ILDs, human and animal behavioral ILD sensitivity is robust to temporal stimulus degradations (e.g., interaural decorrelation due to reverberation), or, in humans, bilateral clinical device processing. Here we demonstrate that behavioral ILD sensitivity is only modestly degraded with even complete decorrelation of left- and right-ear signals, suggesting the existence of a highly integrative ILD-coding mechanism. Correspondingly, we find that a majority of auditory midbrain neurons in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (of chinchilla) effectively encode ILDs despite complete decorrelation of left- and right-ear signals. We show that such responses can be accounted for by relatively long windows of bilateral excitatory-inhibitory interaction, which we explicitly measure using trains of narrowband clicks. Neural and behavioral data are compared with the outputs of a simple model of ILD processing with a single free parameter, the duration of excitatory-inhibitory interaction. Behavioral, neural, and modeling data collectively suggest that ILD sensitivity depends on binaural integration of excitation and inhibition within a ≳3 ms temporal window, significantly longer than observed in lower brainstem neurons. This relatively slow integration potentiates a unique role for the ILD system in spatial hearing that may be of particular importance when informative ITD cues are unavailable. Significance statement In mammalian hearing, interaural differences in the timing (ITD) and level (ILD) of impinging sounds carry critical information about source location. However, natural sounds are often decorrelated between the ears by reverberation and background noise, degrading the fidelity of both ITD and ILD cues. Here we demonstrate that behavioral ILD sensitivity (in humans) and neural ILD sensitivity (in single neurons of the chinchilla auditory midbrain) remain robust under stimulus conditions that render ITD cues undetectable. This result can be explained by "slow" temporal integration arising from several-millisecond-long windows of excitatory-inhibitory interaction evident in midbrain, but not brainstem, neurons. Such integrative coding can account for the preservation of ILD sensitivity despite even extreme temporal degradations in ecological acoustic stimuli.
Grand Passions of Humble Folk: Woyzeck and the Jews’ Beech

With Franz Woyzeck and Friedrich Mergel members of the lowest social classes step into the forefront of German literature for the first time (1837 and 1842). However, the end of both heroes, or anti-heroes, has effects on the reader traditionally reserved for great tragedy. Or, to put it more precisely, the authors Georg Buchner and Annette von Droste-Hulshoff probably intended their works to have effects of this sort, but their intentions have gone unheeded and been misunderstood. For this was not what was conventionally expected of works written in prose about people of humble origin. Moreover, the traditional concept of tragedy is out of place in our modern age and has been long since discussed to death by literary scholars. In this context, both works have overtaxed the cultural, historical and particularly the religious knowledge of the academics and their feeling for art. This has led to their misinterpreting specifically the endings of both works.
When the Spirit Is Willing, but the Flesh Is Weak: Developmental Differences in Judgments About Inner Moral Conflict.

Sometimes it is easy to do the right thing. But often, people act morally only after overcoming competing immoral desires. How does learning about someone’s inner moral conflict influence children’s and adults’ moral judgments about that person? Across four studies, we discovered a striking developmental difference: When the outcome is held constant, 3- to 8-year-old children judge someone who does the right thing without experiencing immoral desires to be morally superior to someone who does the right thing through overcoming conflicting desires—but adults have the opposite intuition. This developmental difference also occurs for judgments of immoral actors: Three- to 5-year-olds again prefer the person who is not conflicted, whereas older children and adults judge that someone who struggles with the decision is morally superior. Our findings suggest that children may begin with the view that inner moral conflict is inherently negative, but, with development, come to value the exercise of willpower and s...
200: Pharmacodynamics of immunotherapy for opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome: Impact on cytokines/chemokines

Pediatric opsoclonus–myoclonus syndrome (OMS) is a neuroblastoma-associated neuroinflammatory disorder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of immunotherapies used in treating OMS to normalize several putative biomarkers of disease activity. Soluble BAFF and APRIL and a variety of chemokine ligands for CXCR3, CXCR5, CCR4, CCR7 were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum by ELISA in 433 children (296 OMS, 109 controls, 28 other inflammatory neurological disorders/OIND). A blinded scorer rated motor severity on the validated OMS evaluation scale. In untreated OMS, significant elevations of CSF BAFF (+57%), CXCL10 (+2.7-fold), CXCL13 (+16.5-fold) and serum CCL22 (+55%) and CCL17 (+121%) concentrations were found ( P P = 0.0003). In conclusion, striking distinctions in immunotherapy effects on BAFF/APRIL, CXCL13/CXCR5, CCL22/CCR4, and CCL21/CCR7 signaling were found. The contrasting pharmacodynamic patterns may offer utility as treatment biomarkers.
Linking Ethnoarchaeological Interpretation and Archaeological Data

In this chapter we examine the extent to which archaeological techniques of spatial analysis produce satisfactory results when applied to an ethnographically recorded hunter-gatherer site, and we explore the degree to which useful results can be obtained after simulated disturbance of the site. We believe we have gained some insights into methods of spatial analysis and clarified our understanding of their strengths and limitations through this study. John Yellen’s (1977) ethnoarchaeological study of!Kung sites in Botswana was selected to provide the basis for this investigation. Yellen’s data were selected because we were curious to test the validity of our quantitative methods of spatial analysis with ethnoarchaeological data. His study provided a data set comparable to those from open-air sites of mobile hunter-gatherers on which such methods most commonly are applied archaeologically.
Constraining self-organizing map facies analysis with stratigraphy: An approach to increase the credibility in automatic seismic facies classification

AbstractPattern recognition-based seismic facies analysis techniques are commonly used in modern quantitative seismic interpretation. However, interpreters often treat techniques such as artificial neural networks and self-organizing maps (SOMs) as a “black box” that somehow correlates a suite of attributes to a desired geomorphological or geomechanical facies. Even when the statistical correlations are good, the inability to explain such correlations through principles of geology or physics results in suspicion of the results. The most common multiattribute facies analysis begins by correlating a suite of candidate attributes to a desired output, keeping those that correlate best for subsequent analysis. The analysis then takes place in attribute space rather than (x, y, and z) space, removing spatial trends often observed by interpreters. We add a stratigraphy layering component to a SOM model that attempts to preserve the intersample relation along the vertical axis. Specifically, we use a mode decompo...
Revisiting the polytopal rearrangements in penta-coordinate d 7-metallocomplexes: modified Berry pseudorotation, octahedral switch, and butterfly isomerization

This paper provides a first-principles theoretical investigation of the polytopal rearrangements and fluxional behavior of five-coordinate d7-transition metal complexes. Our work is primarily based on a potential energy surface analysis of the iron tetracarbonyl hydride radical HFe˙(CO)4. We demonstrate the existence of distorted coordination geometries in this prototypical system and, for the first time, introduce three general rearrangement mechanisms, which account for the non-ideal coordination. The first of these mechanisms constitutes a modified version of the Berry pseudorotation via a square-based pyramidal C4v transition state that connects two chemically identical edge-bridged tetrahedral stereoisomers of C2v symmetry. It differs from the classical Berry mechanism, which involves two regular D3h equilibrium structures and a C4v transition state. The second mechanism is related to the famous "tetrahedral jump" hypothesis, postulated by Muetterties for a number of d6 HML4 and H2ML4 complexes. Here, our study suggests two fluxional rearrangement pathways via distinct types of C2v transition states. Both pathways of this mechanism can be described as a single-ligand migration to a vacant position of an "octahedron", thus interchanging (switching) the apical and basal ligands of the initial quasi-square pyramidal isomer, which is considered as an idealized octahedron with a vacancy. Accordingly, we call this mechanism "octahedral switch". The third mechanism follows a butterfly-type isomerization featuring a key-angle deformation, and we thus call it "butterfly isomerization". It connects the quasi-square pyramidal and edge-bridged tetrahedral isomers of HFe˙(CO)4 through a distorted edge-bridged tetrahedral transition state of Cs symmetry. Our paper discusses the overall features of the isomers and rearrangement mechanisms as well as their implications. We rationalize the existence of each stationary point through an electronic structure analysis and argue their relevance for isolobal analogues of HFe˙(CO)4.
A re-evaluation of the phylogenetic relationships of the Cyrtodactylus condorensis group (Squamata; Gekkonidae) and a suggested protocol for the characterization of rock-dwelling ecomorphology in Cyrtodactylus

A re-evaluation of the phylogenetic relationships of the four species of the monophyletic Cyrtodactylus conodorensis group using the mitochondrial gene ND2 with Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses provides strong statistical support for the recovery the cave-adapted ecomorphs C. eisenmanae and C. grismeri as the sister lineage to the scansorial forest-adapted ecomorphs C. condorensis and C. leegrismeri. This phylogeny provides the context in which these ecomorphs are morphologically characterized. The majority of newly described species within Cyrtodactylus have come from karst habitats and granite boulder cave-like microhabitats. Although some authors have commented on subtle to notable differences in the morphology and color pattern associated with species from these habitats, none have explicitly presented data necessary to characterize this putative departure from a more generalized, scansorial morphology. To this end, the closely related species of the condorensis group are used to provide a suggested protocol to recover and delimit characters adaptive to a restrictive lifestyle of climbing on flat, rocky substrates in low levels of illumination. Understanding the phylogenetic context in which a morphological shift from a general scansorial species to a rock-adapted species relative to the historical evolution of its environment has conservation and management implications. This is particularly important given that a number of the newly described karst-adapted species from throughout Southeast Asia are threatened with extension because of the ongoing quarrying activities of their habitat.
Abstract TP295: Predictability of Stroke Symptoms in Acute Stroke

Background: Prompt signs and symptoms recognition and intervention are essential to achieve the best outcome after stroke. Stroke codes were developed to expedite assessment and treatment. Their op...
The Stats on New York Horse Racing in 2016

This paper summarizes the condition of the sport of horse racing in New York State, based on the statistics posted in the annual report of the New York state Gaming Commission.
Bythotrephes longimanus in shallow, nearshore waters: Interactions with Leptodora kindtii, impacts on zooplankton, and implications for secondary dispersal from southern Green Bay, Lake Michigan

Abstract The spiny water flea Bythotrephes longimanus is a predatory cladoceran that invaded Green Bay, Lake Michigan by 1988 and has been shown to negatively affect zooplankton prey. Bythotrephes is thought to occur where a deep-water daytime refuge from fish predation is available. Information from shallow, nearshore environments is relatively sparse, yet risk of secondary dispersal from these areas to inland waters is high. The production of desiccation-tolerant resting eggs, coupled with recreational boating activities, can facilitate spread inland. We determined Bythotrephes population demographics and dynamics at two sites in southern Green Bay during 2015 and 2016 to examine interactions with zooplankton and timing of resting egg production. Estimates of prey consumption rates by Bythotrephes were compared to those for a native predatory zooplankter, Leptodora kindtii, and against productivity estimates for potential crustacean prey. Bythotrephes population dynamics were similar at both sites in each year, with biomass peaks in September 2015 and July 2016. Earliest resting egg production occurred by 8 July 2015 and 17 June 2016; resting eggs occurred until at least October each year, when sampling ceased. Consumption by Bythotrephes generally exceeded that by Leptodora. Zooplankton productivity rates were lower than consumption rates on all dates in 2015 but approximated or exceeded consumption rates in 2016. Bythotrephes has become a major predator in the Green Bay lower food web, changing energy transfer through this major Great Lakes ecosystem. Its success has increased potential dispersal to inland lakes, especially from shallow, nearshore habitats such as occur in southern Green Bay.
Improving readability of informed consents for research at an academic medical institution.

Introduction The final rule for the protection of human subjects requires that informed consent be "in language understandable to the subject" and mandates that "the informed consent must be organized in such a way that facilitates comprehension." This study assessed the readability of Institutional Review Board-approved informed consent forms at our institution, implemented an intervention to improve the readability of consent forms, and measured the first year impact of the intervention. Methods Readability assessment was conducted on a sample of 217 Institutional Review Board-approved informed consents from 2013 to 2015. A plain language informed consent template was developed and implemented and readability was assessed again after 1 year. Results The mean readability of the baseline sample was 10th grade. The mean readability of the post-intervention sample (n=82) was seventh grade. Conclusions Providing investigators with a plain language informed consent template and training can promote improved readability of informed consents for research.
Genomewide Association Study of Fracture Nonunion Using Electronic Health Records

Nonunion is a clinically significant complication of fracture associated with worse outcomes, including increased pain, disability, and higher healthcare costs. The risk for nonunion is likely to be complex and multifactorial, and as such, the biology underlying such risk remains poorly understood. Genetic studies represent one approach to identify implicated biology for further investigation, but to date the lack of large cohorts for study has limited such efforts. We utilized the electronic health records of two large academic medical centers in Boston to identify individuals with fracture nonunion and control individuals with fracture but no evidence of nonunion. We conducted a genomewide association study among 1760 individuals of Northern European ancestry with upper or lower extremity fracture, including 131 with nonunion, to examine whether common variants were associated with nonunion in this cohort. In all, one locus in the Calcyon (CALY) gene exceeded a genomewide threshold for statistical significance (p = 1.95e-8), with eight additional loci associated with p < 5e-7. Previously reported candidate genes were not supported by this analysis. Electronic health records should facilitate identification of common genetic variations associated with adverse orthopedic outcomes. The loci we identified in this small cohort require replication and further study to characterize mechanism of action, but represent a starting point for the investigation of genetic liability for this costly outcome.
Activation of C−F Bonds by Electrophilic Organosilicon Sites Supported on Sulfated Zirconia

The reaction of allyltriisopropylsilane with partially dehydroxylated sulfated zirconium oxide (SZO) forms surface organosilicon species. Solid-state NMR studies of the organosilicon functionalized SZO shows that electrophilic [TIPS][SZO] sites are present on the surface, in addition to less reactive TIPS-Ox and SiOx species. The electrophilic [TIPS][SZO] sites are strong Lewis acids from solid-state 31 P NMR analysis of triethylphosphine oxide (O=PEt3 ) contacted materials. [TIPS][SZO] is active in hydrodefluorination reactions in the presence of Et3 SiH.
Long Non-Coding RNAs Associated with Heterochromatin Function in Immune Cells in Psychosis.

Psychosis is associated with chronic immune dysregulation. Many long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) display abnormal expression during activation of immune responses, and play a role in heterochromatic regulation of gene promoters. We have measured lncRNAs MEG3, PINT and GAS5, selected for their previously described association with heterochromatin. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from blood samples collected from 86 participants with a diagnosis of psychosis and 44 control participants. Expression was assessed in relation to diagnosis, illness acuity status, and treatment with antipsychotic medication. We observed diagnostic differences with MEG3, PINT and GAS5, and symptom acuity effect with MEG3 and GAS5. Medication effects were evident in those currently on treatment with antipsychotics when compared to drug-naive participants. We observed that clinical diagnosis and symptom acuity predict selected lncRNA expression. Particular noteworthy is the differential expression of MEG3 in drug naive participants compared to those treated with risperidone. Additionally, an in vitro cell model using M2tol macrophages was used to test the effects of the antipsychotic drug risperidone on the expression of these lncRNAs using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Significant but differential effects of risperidone were observed in M2tol macrophages indicating a clear ability of antipsychotic medications to modify lncRNA expression.
Trauma Ecosystems: The Impact of Too Many Trauma Centers

This report is intended to review the principals of US trauma system design and to examine the theorized and observed effects of trauma center over designation in a regional trauma system. Quality trauma care is predicated on concentrating resources and experience in major trauma centers. Nearly all major US urban areas have at least one major trauma center. New techniques are available to measure a region's geospatial demand that better predict the optimal placement of system resources and the impact of new major trauma center designations in areas already served. Although concerns that over designation may decrease quality through dilution of experience, increased costs from duplication of services and variation in economic practices pose a larger threat to trauma system’s value. Recent changes in patient populations, health care economics, and policy have made trauma center designations more financially desirable shifting the trauma system’s center of gravity from public health towards industry. New tools are available to aid in trauma system planning which should help designating authorities optimize regional major trauma center allocation.
Crystal structure of a di-aryl carbonate: 1,3-phenyl-ene bis-(phenyl carbonate).

The whole mol­ecule of the title compound, C20H14O6, is generated by mirror symmetry, the mirror bis­ecting the central benzene ring. The carbonate groups adopt an s-cis-s-cis conformation, with torsion angles of 58.7 (2) and 116.32 (15)°. The crystal structure of 1,3-phenyl­ene bis­(phenyl carbonate) contains no strong hydrogen bonds, though weak C—H⋯O and offset π–π inter­actions are observed, forming layers parallel to the ac plane.
Technical success and short-term outcomes after treatment of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis with the ClotTriever system: A preliminary experience.

Abstract Background Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) may be associated with significant pain, swelling and the development of post-thrombotic syndrome. Early clot removal is facilitated by the use of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy devices. Current techniques, however, vary in rates of technical success and in some cases are limited by the concomitant need for thrombolytics. An alternative percutaneous venous thrombectomy system (ClotTriever, Inari Medical, Irvine, Calif) may be helpful in the management of lower extremity DVT without the concomitant use of thrombolytics. Methods A retrospective review of patients treated for DVT using the device was conducted. Demographics, initial presentation, and perioperative course were recorded. Outcomes after treatment were extracted from clinical records. Technical success was defined as complete clot evacuation after intervention. Results Twelve patients were included in the study. The cohort was 50% female (6 patients) with a mean age of 55.6 years (range, 32-86 years). Two patients (16.7%) presented with chronic asymptomatic DVT who developed symptoms from an acute, recurrent iliofemoral DVT over the days before presentation. One patient (8.4%) presented with phlegmasia cerulea dolens, with the remaining patients presenting with disabling pain and swelling. Access was obtained via the popliteal vein (11 patients) and small saphenous vein (1 patient). Lytic therapy was not used in any case. Complete clot evacuation was obtained in all patients in a single session without repeat interventions. Symptom resolution before discharge was achieved in 100% of cases. There was no incidence of postoperative anemia (mean hemoglobin, 10.7 g/dL preoperatively vs 10.4 g/dL postoperatively) or acute kidney failure (mean creatinine, 0.86 mg/dL preoperatively vs 0.81 mg/dL postoperatively). The average length of stay was 2 days (range, 1-4 days) without the need for intensive care admission. At early follow-up, 11 patients (91.7%) continued to report significant symptom resolution. Two of 10 patients (20%) developed recurrent occlusive DVTs on follow-up duplex ultrasound examination. Conclusions This novel percutaneous venous thrombectomy system is safe and effective for removing large volumes of lower extremity acute thrombus in a single session, without the need for lytic therapy, intensive care unit admission, or repeat intervention. Further studies are warranted to determine mid-term and long-term outcomes.
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: Clinical Characteristics, Management, and Outcomes in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Community-Based Cohort.

Context Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a cause of acute coronary syndrome, which predominantly affects healthy women; however, few data define this vulnerable population. Objective To identify demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with SCAD and determine outcomes in a community-based cohort. Design Retrospective cohort study of patients with SCAD at Kaiser Permanente Northern California during a 10-year period. We compared 111 SCAD cases with 333 healthy, matched controls. Main outcome measures Predisposing factors, treatment modalities, and inhospital and late outcomes. Results Patients with SCAD had a mean age (standard deviation) of 48.1 (11) years; 92.8% were women, and 49.5% were nonwhite. Of women, 9% were peripartum. Fibromuscular dysplasia was identified in 21.8% of femoral angiograms obtained. With conditional logistic regression, only pregnancy and hyperlipidemia were associated with SCAD compared with controls. Fifty-five patients (49.5%) were successfully treated without revascularization; of the 54 who had urgent percutaneous coronary intervention, 2 required coronary artery bypass grafting for SCAD extension. During a median follow-up of 2.6 years, major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 8.1% of patients. Pregnancy-related SCAD was not associated with worsened outcomes. However, Emergency Department visits or hospitalizations because of recurrent chest pain occurred frequently for 54% of patients with SCAD. Conclusion The study cohort is comparable to published SCAD cohorts, but notable for a racially and ethnically diverse population. Compared with the controls, only pregnancy and hyperlipidemia were associated with SCAD. For the SCAD cases, major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in 8.1%, and race did not influence outcomes.
A New Intravenous Immune Globulin: Novel or Not?

Objective: To assess the clinical use and determine the place in therapy for immune globulin intravenous (IV), human-slra, a recently approved IV immune globulin for the treatment of primary immune...
Going Digital in Ethnography: Navigating the Ethical Tensions and Productive Possibilities:

Over the last few decades, ethnographers have begun to orient to the digital world as both a site of new data and a domain of study itself. Alongside new technologies has come a host of emergent et...