cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of [7‐3H]valienamine, [7‐3H]valienone, [7‐3H]valiolamine and [7‐3H]valiolone from validamycin A

To investigate the biosynthetic pathway to the cyclitol moieties of acarbose and validamycin A, [7-3H]valienamine, [7-3H]valienone, [7-3H]valiolamine and [7-3H]valiolone were synthesized as plausible precursors. Valienamine together with validamine was isolated from the degradation of validamycin A by Flavobacterium saccharophilum and served as starting material for the synthesis. Validamine was removed partially at the stage of tritylation and completely after the oxidation of the primary hydroxy group at C-7 to the aldehyde. The resulting valienamine aldehyde was reduced with tritiated sodium borohydride to produce [7-3H]valienamine. The latter was converted to [7-3H]valiolamine by a synthetic route described in the literature. The 3H-labeled amines were oxidized to [7-3H]valienone and [7-3H]valiolone, respectively, using 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-bezoquinone (DBQ) followed by hydrolysis with oxalic acid. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase-shift analysis of elastic proton-deuteron scattering cross sections and 3He excited states

Abstract A phase-shift analysis of recent experimental data on elastic proton-deuteron scattering and reaction cross sections has been performed for laboratory energies from 1 to 46.3 MeV. Phase shifts up to L = 8 calculated by Faddeev equation techniques have been included in the analysis. A new set of p-d scattering lengths is given which rules out the possibility of a pole term in the effective range expansion of the doublet 2 S 1 2 phase. The Argand plot of the 4 P wave is shown to be consistent with a broad resonance in 3 He centered around an excitation energy of 14 MeV. This resonance is discussed in the light of preceding experimental and phase-shift analysis results.
Continuum percolation of rods.

We determine the aspect-ratio dependence of the critical percolation threshold for various systems of rods. An exact expansion, due to Coniglio et al., tests the conjecture that the threshold is proportional to the inverse of the expected excluded volume. We confirm the conjecture, and show that the proportionality becomes equality, for isotropic rods in three dimensions, in the slender-rod limit. In this limit, the critical region in which nonclassical exponents are valid vanishes.
Socialization Beyond the Speech Event

Socialization takes place intertextually, across events. This article develops the concept "trajectory of socialization," a connected series of events across which individuals come to participate in forms of life. The empirical analysis follows a trajectory of socialization traveled by one ninth-grade student as she gets socialized into academic life in an urban U.S. school. This student's trajectory illustrates how connections across events emerge contingently, as both local and more widely circulating resources contribute to social identification across time.
Market reaction to the thrift bailout

Abstract This paper examines the share price reaction of depository institutions to the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act (FIRREA) passed August 1989. We find a favorable share price response for thrifts, which could be attributed to enhanced depositor confidence, reduced risk premiums on deposits, reduced agency costs, or reduced loan losses, among other reasons. However, the effects of FIRREA on commercial banks were negligible. An intra-industry analysis revealed that the variation in share price responses could not be explained by cross-sectional differences in thrift capital levels.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of (-)-dictyostatin and stereoisomers.

Abstract Total syntheses of (−)-dictyostatin, 6,16-bis- epi -dictyostatin, 6,14,19-tris- epi -dictyostatin, and a number of other isomers and analogs are reported. Three main fragments—top, middle, and bottom—were first assembled and then joined by olefination or anionic addition reactions. After appending the two dienes at either end of the molecule, macrolactonization and deprotection completed the syntheses. The work proves both the relative and absolute configurations of (−)-dictyostatin. The compounds were evaluated by cell-based measurements of increased microtubule mass and antiproliferative activity, and in vitro tubulin polymerization assays as well as competitive assays with paclitaxel for its binding site on microtubules. These assays showed dictyostatin to be the most potent of the agents and further showed that the structural alterations caused from 20- to >1000-fold decreases in activity.
Uptake of NOy on wave-cloud ice particles

In a flight through a wave cloud during SUCCESS on 2 May 1996, simultaneous forward- and aft-facing NOy inlets were used to infer the amount of condensed-phase NOy present on ice particles that were up to a few minutes old. Condensed-phase amounts were 25–75 pptv, or 10–20% of gas-phase NOy. Given the rapid HNO3 uptake on ice observed in the laboratory, a model calculation implies that virtually all of the gas-phase HNO3 will be depleted in the first 1–2 minutes after the appearance of ice. Thus the NOy observations are consistent with the laboratory results only if the ambient HNO3/NOy ratio is 10–20%.
Comparison of Three Approaches to Supplementary Reading Instruction for Low-Achieving Second-Grade Readers.

Purpose: This research evaluated the relative effectiveness of three instructional approaches to supplementing the regular reading program for second graders with low word reading and/or pseudoword...
Benjamin Uffenheimer. Early Prophecy in Israel. Publications of the Perry Foundation for Biblical Research. Jerusalem: The Magnes Press, 1999. 591 pp.

In this book (a translation of a revised version of the second Hebrew edition), the late Professor Benjamin Uffenheimer examines a variety of topics in the history of prophecy from the time of Moses until the time of Elisha. The book includes extensive discussions of all the prophetic figures in this period, focussing on the relation between preclassical prophecy on the one hand and magic, divination, and rationalistic or monotheistic trends on the other. Uffenheimer also devotes a lengthy chapter to alleged parallels to Israel prophecy among ancient Egyptians, Mesopotamians, and Northwest Semites.
BIOPHYSICAL BASIS OF PALE, SOFT, EXUDATIVE (PSE) PORK AND POULTRY MUSCLE: A REVIEW

Problems with meat quality are usually caused by aberrations in the biochemistry and morphology of individual muscles, as well as by postmortem events. Poultry, like pigs, have been subjected to intense genetic selection for rapid lean muscle growth. The selection traits are most often associated with economic importance rather than biophysical significance, which often results in stress syndromes (e.g. porcine stress syndrome) and pale, soft, exudative (PSE) muscle conditions. The occurrence of PSE muscle and subsequent alterations in meat quality has been shown to be related to increases in muscle size, stressful preslaughter handling conditions, and rate of onset of rigor mortis. Morphological studies have revealed significant increases in fiber size, in addition to structural irregularities in PSE muscle. These structural irregularities include decreased capillary density, hypercontracted (giant) fibers, and myoplasmic calcium loading. The common theme between poultry and swine in the development of PSE muscle is predominately in anaerobic fast-twitch muscles with low energy lactate metabolism yet accelerated onset of rigor mortis.
SimScience: Interactive educational modules based on large simulations

SimScience is a collaboration between Cornell University and Syracuse University. It comprises four interactive educational modules on crack propagation, crackling noise, fluid flow, and membranes. Computer simulations are at the forefront of current research in all of these topics. Our aim is explain some elements of each subject and to show the relevance of computer simulations. The crack propagation module explores the mechanisms of dam failure. The crackling noise module uses everyday sounds to illustrate types of noise, and links this to noise created by jumps in magnetization processes. The fluid flow module describes various properties of flows and explains phenomena such as a curve ball in baseball. The membranes module leverages everyday experience with membranes such as soap bubbles to help explain biological membranes and the relevance of membranes to theories of gravity. We have used Java not only to produce small-scale versions of research simulations but also to provide models illustrating simpler concepts underlying the main subject matter. Web technology allows us to deliver SimScience both over the Internet and on CD-ROM. To accommodate a target audience spanning K-12 and university general science students, we have created three levels for each module. Efforts are underway to assess the SimScience modules with the help of teachers and students.
The 3.0 Å crystal structure of xylose isomerase from Streptomyces olivochromogenes

The crystal structure of xylose isomerase [E.C. 5.3.1.5] from Streptomyces olivochromogenes has been determined to 3.0 A resolution. The crystals belong to space group P22(1)2(1) with unit cell parameters a = 98.7, b = 93.9, c = 87.7. The asymmetric unit contains half of a tetrameric molecule of 222 symmetry. The two-fold axis relating the two molecules in the asymmetric unit is close to where a crystallographic two-fold would be if the space group were I222. This causes the diffraction pattern to have strong I222 pseudo-symmetry, so all data were collected in this pseudo-space group. Since the sequence of this enzyme has not been reported, a polyalanine backbone has been fitted to the electron density. Xylose isomerase has two domains: the N-terminal domain is an eight-stranded alpha/beta barrel of 299 residues. The C-terminal domain is a large loop of 50 residues which is involved in intermolecular contacts. Comparison of xylose isomerase with the archetypical alpha/beta barrel protein, triose phosphate isomerase, reveals that the proteins overlap best when the third (alpha beta) strand of xylose isomerase is superimposed on the first (alpha beta) strand of triose phosphate isomerase. This same overlap has also been found between the muconate lactonising enzyme and triose phosphate isomerase [Goldman et al. (1987) J. Mol. Biol., in press].
Submillisecond Synchronization of Fast Electrical Oscillations in Neocortex

Fast electrical oscillations (FOs; >200 Hz) in the sensory neocortex can be recorded in a variety of species, including humans, and may reflect extremely fast integration of sensory information. This report demonstrates that, in the whisker representation of rat cortex, multivibrissa stimulation produces propagating FO field potential patterns and time-locked unit activity that are sensitive to submillisecond delays in interstimulus intervals. We propose that FOs may be produced by synchronized population spikes and their subthreshold sequelas in cortical pyramidal cells. FOs serve to accurately mark stimulus onset as a phase-encoded excitatory signal, producing phase-sensitive interactions that, in the context of exploratory whisking, may extract features of an object under exploration.
Biological Basis of Saki (Pithecia) Folk Species Recognized by the Matses Indians of Amazonian Perú

The Matses Indians of northeastern Peru recognize two linguistically labeled folk species of saki monkeys (Cebidae: Pithecia) that are said to be morphologically distinguishable, to prefer different habitats, and to be noninterbreeding. Because the systematic literature recognizes only one biological taxon of Pithecia in the area inhabited by the Matses, their folk taxonomy suggests either the presence of a previously undescribed species or a hitherto undocumented range extension. All known species of Pithecia are currently thought to be allopatric, so both possibilities are of interest. We obtained blood samples and anatomical voucher material from hunters' kills in order to test the biological basis for the Matses folk taxonomy of sakis. Molecular and morphological analyses of the collected material indicate that both Matses folk species correspond to one effectively panmictic population of Pithecia monachus. Overdifferentiation in folk classification systems, whereby one biological species is represented by two or more nonsynonymous folk species names, is a potentially widespread source of error that should be considered by researchers using local informants for primate field studies. In addition to resolving a folk-taxonomic enigma, our study provides the first quantitative analyses of local (within-population) morphological and molecular variation in this little-known platyrrhine genus.
Archaeal Membrane Lipids

Membrane lipids of Archaea are unique and distinct from those found in Eukarya and Bacteria. The polar lipids consist of branched phytanyl chains, 20 to 40 carbons in length and usually saturated, which are attached via ether bonds to the glycerol carbons at the sn-2,3 positions. The polar lipids of Archaea can be used to make liposomes (closed vesicles) which have characteristics that are useful for applications in biotechnology. Keywords: archaea; membrane lipids; archaeol; caldarchaeol; liposomes
A Geographer's Strength: The Multiple-Scale Approach

Abstract The long search for geography's uniqueness may be aided with the acceptance of its primary tool being the multiple-scale approach. This is the division of data on a given topic or area into significantly different groups by the scales of the information needed to describe, analyze, and present its distributions. By using several scales in a logical order during research and presentation, geographers can improve the contributions of the discipline to science.
Differentiation of Xanthomonas campestris pvs. pelargonii and hederae by Polymerase Chain Reaction

Geranium isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii (Xcp) and English ivy isolates of X. campestris pv. hederae (Xch) were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine whether the two pathovars could be discriminated using amplification conditions developed to identify and detect Xcp in infected geraniums. Using PCR, other workers reported that the genomes of Xcp and Xch were indistinguishable. The objective of this study was to determine whether the two pathovars have sufficient sequence diversity to allow them to be distinguished by molecular means. Three primer pairs were used for PCR amplification. Two of the primer pairs (REP and XcpM1/XcpM2) were able to distinguish between Xch and Xcp, whereas amplification with the third primer pair (ERIC) did not allow discrimination between the two pathovars. Based on PCR amplification, Xcp and Xch are distinctly different pathovars. Additionally, all three primer pairs showed discrimination between Xcp and Acidovorax, a bacterial pathogen that induces leaf spot on geranium. Differenzierung von Xanthomonas campestris pvs. pelargonii und hederae durch PCR Von Pelargonien stammende Isolate von Xanthomonas campestris pv. pelargonii (Xcp) sowie von Gemeinem Efeu stammende Isolate von X. campestris pv. hederae (Xch) wurden mittels PCR getestet, um zu bestimmen, ob die beiden Pathovare mit Amplifizierungsverfahren unterschieden werden konnten, die zur Identifizierung und Detektion von Xcp in infizierten Pelargonien entwickelt worden waren. In anderen Arbeiten wird berichtet, das die Genome von Xcp und Xch mittels PCR nicht unterscheidbar sind. Das Ziel dieser Untersuchung bestand darin, herauszufinden, ob die Sequenzunterschiede zwischen den beiden Pathovaren ausreichen, um eine Unterscheidung mit molekularen Verfahren zu ermoglichen. Zur PCR-Amplifizierung wurden drei Primerpaare verwendet. Zwei Primerpaare (REP und XcpM1/XcpM2) konnten zwischen Xch und Xcp differenzieren, wahrend die Amplifikation mit dem dritten Primerpaar (ERIC) keine Unterscheidung der beiden Pathovare ermoglichte. Basierend auf der PCR-Amplifikation sind Xcp und Xch deutlich verschiedene Pathovare. Alle drei Primerpaare ermoglichten zudem eine Unterscheidung zwischen Xcp und Acidovorax, einem bakteriellen Pathogen, das Blattflecken bei Pelargonien hervorruft.
Building upon the experimental design in media violence research: The importance of including receiver interpretations

The authors argue that the inclusion of viewer interpretation variables in experimental design and analysis procedures can greatly increase the methodology's ability to explain variance. The experiment primarily focused attention on the between-group differences, while an analysis of how individual participants interpret the cues in the stimulus material focused attention on the within-group differences. We demonstrated such an analysis in this study in which 99 participants were exposed to 1 of 3 treatment conditions (high violence, mid violence, and low violence) and found significant differences across treatment groups. However, the treatment differences accounted for only about 7% of the variance in judgments of the degree of violence, whereas a set of interpretive variables accounted for more than 48%.
Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry: Theory and Instrumentation

Since capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) was first introduced in 1987, it has continued to prove itself a complementary and/or alternative process to other separation systems coupled to MS. The impressive utility and rapid growth of CE/MS is based on three areas of development, which are covered in this article. The first is the efficient separations that are provided by the CE modes of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), capillary electrochromatography (CEC), and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). Molecular micelles used in MEKC/MS and packed columns with tapered outlets for CEC/MS are two novel approaches that are contributing to rapid development. The second is the soft ionization sources, such as electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), which provide efficient ways to ionize molecules in the gas phase. The third is the use of the commercially available CE instruments, which makes it possible to hyphenate all of the following modern mass analyzers. Examples of these analyzers include quadrupole mass filters, time of flight (TOF), ion traps, and the newest Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass analyzers. The applications and developments of various modes of CE/MS show analysis of a variety of achiral and chiral compounds. In addition, the recent use of multivariate analysis with MEKC/MS and CEC/MS has shown the ruggedness of these hyphenation modes. Keywords: micellar electrokinetic chromatography mass spectrometry; capillary electrochromatogrpahy-mass spectrometry; molecular micelles; single-frit tapered columns; microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography mass spectrometry; electrospray ionization; atmospheric pressure photoionization; single and triple quadrupole mass analyzers; time-of-flight analyzer; ion trap analyzer; Fourier transform ion cyclotron analyzer; MS-compatible achiral and chiral pseudophases
Noninvasive Evaluation for Congenital Arteriovenous Fistulas and Malformations

Although relatively rare, congenital arteriovenous fistulas and other vascular anomalies present a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. The same noninvasive tests that are used for diagnosing arterial occlusive disease in the extremities will also detect arteriovenous fistulas. These tests include segmental limb pressure measurements, segmental plethysmography, and arterial waveform analysis. Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging can be used to determine the extent of these vascular anomalies and the involvement of muscle skin and bone, all of which have a direct bearing on resectability. This article will examine these diagnostic modalities and explain how they can be used in this setting.
White-Collar Crime and Criminal Careers: Specifying a Trajectory of Punctuated Situational Offending

The life course approach to the study of criminal careers has achieved a prominent place in criminology. Life course researchers have identified several distinct patterns in criminal offending and provided several provocative explanations to account for them. Noticeably lacking in the study of life course criminology, however, is any recognition of white-collar offenders. The typical whitecollar offender greatly differs from the typical street offender and does not appear to fit into the proposed explanations of life course offending patterns. Recently, some scholars have applied the techniques and terminology of the criminal career perspective to white-collar offending. This article reviews the current state of developmental theories as they apply to life course offending patterns, summarizes what is known about the intersection of white-collar crime and criminal careers, and suggests ways in which the current theoretical understandings of crime over the life course can be modified to account for white-c...
Control of Action Potential Duration Alternans in Canine Cardiac Ventricular Tissue

Cardiac electrical alternans, characterized by a beat-to-beat alternation in action potential waveform, is a naturally occurring phenomenon, which can occur at sufficiently fast pacing rates. Its presence has been putatively linked to the onset of cardiac reentry, which is a precursor to ventricular fibrillation. Previous studies have shown that closed-loop alternans control techniques that apply a succession of externally administered cycle perturbations at a single site provide limited spatially-extended alternans elimination in sufficiently large cardiac substrates. However, detailed experimental investigations into the spatial dynamics of alternans control have been restricted to Purkinje fiber studies. A complete understanding of alternans control in the more clinically relevant ventricular tissue is needed. In this paper, we study the spatial dynamics of alternans and alternans control in arterially perfused canine right ventricular preparations using an optical mapping system capable of high-resolution fluorescence imaging. Specifically, we quantify the spatial efficacy of alternans control along 2.5 cm of tissue, focusing on differences in spatial control between different subregions of tissue. We demonstrate effective control of spatially-extended alternans up to 2.0 cm, with control efficacy attenuating as a function of distance. Our results provide a basis for future investigations into electrode-based control interventions of alternans in cardiac tissue.
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Following Lumbar Epidural Corticosteroid Injections and Facet Medial Branch Blocks in Both Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: A Case Series

Background. Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are now increasing in popularity with regard to the management of chronic lumbar radiculopathy. While ESIs have been shown to be effective in relieving low back and radicular pain, adverse reactions have also been reported, notably abnormal vaginal bleeding. Objective. We present a case series of four women, both pre- and postmenopausal, with chronic lumbar radiculopathy and corresponding pathology who developed abnormal vaginal bleeding after receiving either ESIs or facet medial branch blocks (MBBs) for pain management. Setting. University of California, Los Angeles. Patients. Four women, both pre- and postmenopausal. Conclusions. We discuss the potential effects of corticosteroids on the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis and highlight our patients' risk factors for abnormal vaginal bleeding, both exogenous and endogenous, as well as focus on the technical approaches to corticosteroid administration utilized in our patients' procedures. We acknowledge that because this is a small case series, further prospective investigation is warranted regarding the above topics. Until then, it may be beneficial to consider whether patients, both pre- and postmenopausal, have risk factors for abnormal uterine bleeding prior to undergoing interventional pain management strategies, specifically ESI and MBB, and to inform all women upon consent that abnormal vaginal bleeding is a potential risk following procedures with corticosteroids.
Art in the Information Age: Technology and Conceptual Art

Art historians have generally drawn sharp distinctions be-tween conceptual art and art-and-technology. This essay reexamines the interrelationship of these tendencies as they developed in the 1960s, focus-ing on the art criticism of Jack Burnham and the artists in-cluded in the Software exhibition that he curated. The historiciza-tion of these practices as distinct artistic categories is examined. By interpreting conceptual art and art-and-technology as reflections and constituents of broad cultural transformations during the information age, the author concludes that the two tenden-cies share important similarities, and that this common ground offers useful insights into late-20th-century art.
Fumaric Acid as an Adhesion Promoter in Rayon/Nylon Composite Fibers:

Rayon/nylon skin/core composite fibers with enhanced adhesion were produced using a wire coating process. After spin finish removal by water washing, the nylon core fibers were pretreated with fumaric acid ( FA ) as an adhesion promoter and then coated with viscose rayon. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the chemical bonds formed between FA and both rayon and nylon. The results indicate that carboxyl groups of FA reacted with amine end groups of nylon, forming amide bonds. Other carboxyl ends of FA reacted with hydroxyl groups of rayon, forming ester bonds. Due to the formation of these bonds, the interfacial adhesion in the composite fibers significantly improved under specific sets of application conditions.
Intravenous thrombolysis for ischaemic strokes: a call for reappraisal

Sir, Balami et al. (2013) state that intravenous tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis is beneficial for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke and that strokes are now a treatable medical emergency. A critical analysis of the data, however, raises doubts about the expansive claims of efficacy made by them and others (Wardlaw et al. , 2012). The aim of tissue plasminogen activator treatment is lysis of the thrombus and recanalization of occluded cerebral arteries, to promptly restore blood flow. To prove therapeutic efficacy of the administered thrombolytic agent, angiographic demonstration of arterial recanalization is critically important as it is the only way, in patients, to conclusively demonstrate that clot lysis has occurred. Arterial recanalization has been assessed using different methods: transcranial Doppler studies, magnetic resonance angiography, CT angiography or conventional catheter angiography. However, these tests have widely variable accuracy and reliability. Conventional catheter angiography is the reference standard because of its superb accuracy for imaging evaluation of arteries. Although transcranial Doppler studies have been frequently used to determine recanalization frequency (Alexandrov et al. , 2001, 2004; Demchuk et al. , 2001; Molina et al. , 2001; Ribo et al. , 2006; Saqqur et al. , 2007) their accuracy in assessing steno-occlusive disease is suboptimal and less than either CT angiography or magnetic resonance angiography studies (Feldmann et al. , 2007; Jauch, 2013). Time of flight magnetic resonance angiography (Neumann-Haefelin et al. , 2004; Davis et al. , 2008; Marks et al. , 2008; Kimura et al. , 2009) is limited by loss of flow signal intensity in stenotic regions (Bash et al. , 2005) and does not provide the same degree of spatial resolution as CT angiography or conventional angiography (Bash et al. , 2005; Cloft, 2005; Jauch, 2013). Overall, …
The Activity of Collagenase-1 Is Required for Keratinocyte Migration on a Type I Collagen Matrix

We have shown in a variety of human wounds that collagenase-1 (MMP-1), a matrix metalloproteinase that cleaves fibrillar type I collagen, is invariably expressed by basal keratinocytes migrating across the dermal matrix. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that MMP-1 expression is induced in primary keratinocytes by contact with native type I collagen and not by basement membrane proteins or by other components of the dermal or provisional (wound) matrix. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that the catalytic activity of MMP-1 is necessary for keratinocyte migration on type I collagen. To test this idea, we assessed keratinocyte motility on type I collagen using colony dispersion and colloidal gold migration assays. In both assays, primary human keratinocytes migrated efficiently on collagen. The specificity of MMP-1 in promoting cell movement was demonstrated in four distinct experiments. One, keratinocyte migration was completely blocked by peptide hydroxymates, which are potent inhibitors of the catalytic activity of MMPs. Two, HaCaTs, a line of human keratinocytes that do not express MMP-1 in response to collagen, did not migrate on a type I collagen matrix but moved efficiently on denatured type I collagen (gelatin). EGF, which induces MMP-I production by HaCaT cells, resulted in the ability of these cells to migrate across a type I collagen matrix. Three, keratinocytes did not migrate on mutant type I collagen lacking the collagenase cleavage site, even though this substrate induced MMP-1 expression. Four, cell migration on collagen was completely blocked by recombinant tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and by affinity-purified anti–MMP-1 antiserum. In addition, the collagen-mediated induction of collagenase-1 and migration of primary keratinocytes on collagen was blocked by antibodies against the α2 integrin subunit but not by antibodies against the α1 or α3 subunits. We propose that interaction of the α2β1 integrin with dermal collagen mediates induction of collagenase-1 in keratinocytes at the onset of healing and that the activity of collagenase-1 is needed to initiate cell movement. Furthermore, we propose that cleavage of dermal collagen provides keratinocytes with a mechanism to maintain their directionality during reepithelialization.
Stress and Strain Measurements in Semiconductor Device Channel Areas by Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

Convergent electron beam diffraction (CBED) has been successfully applied to measure strain/stress in the channel area in PMOS semiconductor device with embedded SiGe (eSiGe) for 65nm technology. Reliable results of strain/stress measurements in the channel area have been achieved by good fitting of experimental CBED patterns with theoretical calculations. Stress measurements from CBED are in good agreement with simulations. A compressive stress as high as 823.9 MPa was measured in the direction in the channel area of a PMOS device with eSiGe with 15% Ge and a thickness of 80nm. Stress measurements from CBED also confirm that the depth of the eSiGe and defects such as dislocation loops within the eSiGe relax strain/stress within the film and reduce strain/stress in the channel area.
Mathematical analysis of PDE systems which govern fluid-structure interactive phenomena - doi: 10.5269/bspm.v25i1-2.7422

In this paper, we review and comment upon recently derived results for time dependent partial differential equation (PDE) models, which have been used to describe the various fluid-structure interactions which occur in nature. For these fluid-structure PDEs, this survey is particularly focused on the authors' results of (i) semigroup wellposedness, (ii) stability, and (iii) backward uniqueness.
Archives in East Germany

MAY of 1956 I determined that in order to find the materials necessary to finish a historical project in the field of 18th-century Prussian administrative history, I should have to go to East Germany. Through correspondence with a number of municipal officials I was able to obtain the names of certain archives that might contain the documents I needed, and subsequent correspondence with these archives confirmed the existence of some of the needed documents. As the contents of two archives, those in Potsdam and Magdeburg, were especially important for my work, I wrote the Prime Minister of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), Otto Grotewohl, towards the middle of the summer, and was gratified to receive shortly thereafter a letter from his secretary, Herr Tzschorn, telling me that the Prime Minister saw no objection to my admittance to the country and that he had forwarded my letter to the State Secretariat for Universities (Staatssekretariat fur Hochschulwesen) , which would inform me of the formalities involved. The Secretariat responded almost at once, suggesting that I enter the eastern zone through Berlin, where I was to pick up my visa. Reenforced by a letter from the chancellor of the University of Kansas, stating my official position in the university, I arrived in Berlin by plane in the middle of September, immediately entered the Russian sector of the city, and went to the offices of the State Secretariat for Universities, where I was most cordially received, and where I was given certification for the visa. In Potsdam I had the opportunity of discussing various aspects of archival organization and administration with members of the State Archives Administration (Staatliche Archiwerwaltung) ,1 Some points brought out in these discussions will be of interest to American archivists and historians. Archival activity in East Germany in the period 1945-49 was largely concerned with finding, rebuilding, or extending structures to replace the archives buildings that had been destroyed in World
Theoretical Investigation of the Activity of Cobalt Oxides for the Electrochemical Oxidation of Water

The presence of layered cobalt oxides has been identified experimentally in Co-based anodes under oxygen-evolving conditions. In this work, we report the results of theoretical investigations of the relative stability of layered and spinel bulk phases of Co oxides, as well as the stability of selected surfaces as a function of applied potential and pH. We then study the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on these surfaces and obtain activity trends at experimentally relevant electro-chemical conditions. Our calculated volume Pourbaix diagram shows that β-CoOOH is the active phase where the OER occurs in alkaline media. We calculate relative surface stabilities and adsorbate coverages of the most stable low-index surfaces of β-CoOOH: (0001), (0112), and (1014). We find that at low applied potentials, the (1014) surface is the most stable, while the (0112) surface is the more stable at higher potentials. Next, we compare the theoretical overpotentials for all three surfaces and find that the (1014) surface is the most active one as characterized by an overpotential of η = 0.48 V. The high activity of the (1014) surface can be attributed to the observation that the resting state of Co in the active site is Co(3+) during the OER, whereas Co is in the Co(4+) state in the less active surfaces. Lastly, we demonstrate that the overpotential of the (1014) surface can be lowered further by surface substitution of Co by Ni. This finding could explain the experimentally observed enhancement in the OER activity of Ni(y)Co(1-y)O(x) thin films with increasing Ni content. All energetics in this work were obtained from density functional theory using the Hubbard-U correction.
Pituitary function in Hand-Schüller-Christian disease. Evidence for deficient growth-hormone release in patients with short stature.

Abstract Anterior and posterior pituitary function was evaluated in 13 patients with Hand–Schuller–Christian disease, including eight with growth retardation. Growth-hormone reserve, determined by insulin-induced hypoglycemia, arginine tolerance test or pyrogen stimulation, was deficient in seven of the eight short patients and in three of the patients whose disease developed after adult height had been attained. Tests of gonadotropin secretion and adrenocortical and thyroid function gave normal results. A dehydration test demonstrated complete diabetes insipidus in eight patients and incomplete diabetes insipidus in two. Growth-hormone deficiency was usually found when diabetes insipidus was present. Both abnormalities may be accounted for by a single hypothalamic lesion. The short stature frequently observed in patients with this disease may be in part secondary to quantitative growth-hormone deficiency.
Error Caused by Swing Angle and the Correction Method in Three-wire Pendulum Experiment

Error caused by swing angle( 5° θ 20°) in measuring the rotational inertia via three-wire pendulum is studied,the method to correct the systematic errors is also presented.The measured inertia of disc increases with the increasing of swing angle.And,based on theoretical analysis,this phenomenon is explained and the systematic errors are corrected.
Novel bit-rate control algorithm for H.264 based on motion detection

This paper aimed at the rate control problems of JVT-G012,the typical algorithm for H.264/AVC,and presented a new rate control algorithm.After motion detection,if the previous and current frame were in the same complex area,factual encode rate of the previous frame was used to adjust target rate of the current frame.As for the scene changes and high motion video based on motion detection,the minimum sum of squared difference between original and reconstructed pixels after the rate distortion option was used to estimate MAD,and then,MAD was used to compute quantization parameter based on the quadratic model in the process of encoding.The Lagrange parameter can be optimized.The experimental results show that the rate of this algorithm is higher than JVT-G012 and lower than Improvement of H.264AVC by JIANG but the scheme of this paper can effectively improve video quality at scene changes and high motions.Moreover,the scheme also enhances the average PSNR of the test sequences compared to JVT-G012 and JIANG's Improvement.
Prevalence of Diabetes Among Floating Population of Sichuan in 2012

Objective To investigate the prevalence of diabetes among floating population,the health services utilization and associated factors among self-reported diabetes patients,and thus to provide a basis for exploring the prevention and control countermeasures against diabetes in the floating population. Methods A total of 2373 adults were sampled from 8 surveillance points in Sichuan in the "2012 China special chronic and non-communicable disease surveillance in floating population"。The prevalence of diabetes and health services utilization was analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of diabetes. Results The prevalence of diabetes was 4. 8%,5. 2% for male and 4. 6% for female,specifically. The awareness rate of diabetes was 27. 8%. The treatment rate in the self-reported patients was 81. 3%,while the control rate was merely 6. 5%. A proportion of 59. 4% of the patients failed to participate diabetes management. Elder age,hypertension and overweight were the risk factors for diabetes. No statistical difference was found in gender and occupation. Conclusion The prevalence of diabetes among floating population is less than that of permanent residents in Sichuan and the awareness rate and control rate of the diabetes are all lower as well. It is necessaryto explore a tailored management and treatment mode for diabetes among the floating population, as well as strengthen early screening,health- education and basic public health services, and control the risk factors in time,such as overweight.
The Morley tricorn a solid figure constructed from the diagram for Morley's theorem

Morley's theorem states that the points of intersection of adjacent trisectors of the angles of any triangle are the vertices of an equilateral triangle, known as Morley's triangle. See Figure 1. Concise proofs of the theorem are given in recent papers [1, 2]. A good picture of important previous work can be obtained by looking at [3, p. 1999], and examining references cited there.
The Cost of Email Use in the Workplace: Lower Productivity and Higher Stress

While email has been shown to be beneficial in the workplace, studies have reported that extensive email use can bring costs. In this study we investigate exactly how time spent on email might be related to perceived productivity and stress in the workplace. We conducted a mixed methods approach using computer logging, biosensors and daily surveys with 40 information workers in their in situ workplace environments for two workweeks. We found that the more time employees spent on email, the lower was their perceived productivity and the higher their level of stress. The relationship between email use and productivity was mediated by a difficulty in focusing. We also found an effect of users’ email-checking habits: people who primarily check email in response to email notifications reported lower productivity compared to those who self-interrupt to check email. We discuss the implications of our results for improving organizational email practices.
Effects of non-native Asian earthworm invasion on temperate forest and prairie soils in the Midwestern US

Effects of invasive European earthworms in North America have been well documented, but less is known about ecological consequences of exotic Asian earthworm invasion, in particular Asian jumping worms (Amynthas) that are increasingly reported. Most earthworm invasion research has focused on forests; some Amynthas spp. are native to Asian grasslands and may thrive in prairies with unknown effects. We conducted an earthworm-addition mesocosm experiment with before–after control-impact (BACI) design and a complementary field study in southern Wisconsin, USA, in 2014 to investigate effects of a newly discovered invasion of two Asian jumping worms (Amynthas agrestis and Amynthas tokioensis) on forest and prairie litter and soil nutrient pools. In both studies, A. agrestis and A. tokioensis substantially reduced surface litter (84–95 % decline in foliage litter mass) and increased total carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus in the upper 0–5 cm of soils over the 4-month period from July through October. Soil inorganic nitrogen (ammonium– and nitrate–N) concentration increased across soil depths of 0–25 cm, with greater effects on nitrate–N. Dissolved organic carbon concentration also increased, e.g., 71–108 % increase in the mesocosm experiment. Effects were observed in both forest and prairie soils, with stronger effects in forests. Effects were most pronounced late in the growing season when earthworm biomass likely peaked. Depletion of the litter layer and rapid mineralization of nutrients by non-native Asian jumping worms may make ecosystems more susceptible to nutrient losses, and effects may cascade to understory herbs and other soil biota.
Lysosomes, Lysosomal Storage Diseases, and Inflammation

Lysosomes were originally described in the early 1950s by de Duve who was also the first to recognize the importance of these organelles in human disease. We know now that lysosomes are involved in...
Group B Streptococcus Induces Neutrophil Recruitment to Gestational Tissues and Elaboration of Extracellular Traps and Nutritional Immunity.

Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a gram-positive bacterial pathogen associated with infection during pregnancy and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Infection of the extraplacental membranes surrounding the developing fetus, a condition known as chorioamnionitis, is characterized histopathologically by profound infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs, neutrophils) and greatly increases the risk for preterm labor, stillbirth or neonatal GBS infection. The advent of animal models of chorioamnionitis provides a powerful tool to study host-pathogen relationships in vivo and ex vivo. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the innate immune response elicited by GBS and evaluate how antimicrobial strategies elaborated by these innate immune cells affect bacteria. Our work using a mouse model of GBS ascending vaginal infection during pregnancy reveals that clinically isolated GBS has the capacity to invade reproductive tissues and elicit host immune responses including infiltration of PMNs within the choriodecidua and placenta during infection, mirroring the human condition. Upon interacting with GBS, murine neutrophils elaborate DNA-containing extracellular traps, which immobilize GBS and are studded with antimicrobial molecules including lactoferrin. Exposure of GBS to holo- or apo-forms of lactoferrin reveals that the iron-sequestration activity of lactoferrin represses GBS growth and viability in a dose-dependent manner. Together, these data indicate that the murine mouse model of ascending infection is a useful tool to recapitulate human models of GBS infection during pregnancy. Furthermore, this work reveals that neutrophil extracellular traps ensnare GBS and repress bacterial growth via deposition of antimicrobial molecules, which drive nutritional immunity via metal sequestration strategies.
Identification of a Shared CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Epitope within Human Neutrophil Elastase for Peptide Vaccination in HLA-A02 Negative Leukemia Patients.

Abstract Human Neutrophil Elastase (HNE) is aberrantly expressed by myeloid leukemia cells and contains the antigenic PR1 peptide sequence inducing HLA-A*0201 restricted cytotoxic T cells (CTL) against leukemic cells. Our previous studies demonstrated that full length HNE protein can induce both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in healthy individuals including HLA- A*0201 negative individuals, indicating an immunogenic potential of HNE beyond the PR1 peptide (Fujiwara H et al Blood 2004). To identify new HNE epitopes, a peptide matrix consisting of 15mers overlapping by 11 amino acids spanning HNE was screened using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from patients with acute myeloid leukemias (AML). Peptide candidates predicted using syfpeithi predictive algorithms were evaluated by measuring responses to candidate epitopes. We found a novel HNE peptide E17 (HNE: 65–80), recognized by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in an HLA-A (11, 31) patient with AML. E17 induced significant proliferation of CD4+ T cells 3.2X and CD8+ T cells 4.6X above background, as measured by CFSE flow cytometry-based proliferation assay. E17 induced IFN-g expression in CD4+ T cells 7.4X and in CD8+ T cells 2.5X above background in flow cytometric assay (see figure). E17 (HNE: 65–80) peptide induced IFN-g mRNA expression 3 hours after peptide treatment of PBMC, as measured by quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR assay. Finally, we showed by flow cytometry that E17 induced cell surface expression of CD137 in CD4+ T cells 2.4X and CD8+ T cells 1.7X above background 8 hours after peptide treatment of the cells. Antigen-driven surface expression of CD137 was used to isolate peptide E17 antigen-specific T cells, for further in vitro expansion and characterization of the T cell response. Thus we have identified a shared CD4+ and CD8+ T cell epitope in HNE, inducing the proliferation and effecter functions in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Since this epitope (HNE: 65–80) recruits both helper and cytotoxic T cells, it is well suited for peptide vaccine applications. This study provides the rationale for using the novel E17 (HNE: 65–80) peptide to vaccinate patients with myeloid leukemias. Download : Download high-res image (50KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure