cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Substrate Phosphorylation and Use of Calmodulin Mutants to Address Implications from the Enzyme Crystal Structure of Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase I

Calcium/calmodulin (CaM) directly activates CaM-dependent protein kinase I (CaMKI) by binding to the enzyme and indirectly promotes the phosphorylation and synergistic activation of CaMKI by an exogenous kinase. We have evaluated the initial CaM-dependent activation of the unphosphorylated form of CaMKI. The kinetics of bacterially expressed human CaMKI show that the peptide syntide-2 is a relatively poor substrate, whereas the synapsin site-1 peptide is 17-fold more specific. The peptide ADR1G is 400-fold more specific than syntide-2, and its catalytic rate is among the highest reported for a kinase peptide substrate. To understand how CaM activates CaMKI, we have characterized the activation of the enzyme by CaM mutants with substitutions at hydrophobic residues. The point mutant M124Q located in the C-terminal domain of CaM produced a 57-fold increase in the CaM activation constant for CaMKI and suggests the involvement of methionine 124 in an important hydrophobic interaction with tryptophan 303 of CaMKI. Substituting two, three, and five hydrophobic residues in the N-terminal domain of CaM increased the CaM activation constant for CaMKI by 10–190-fold and lowered the maximal enzyme activity by more than 80%. Two of these N-terminal mutants of CaM do not affect the K m for peptide substrate but instead produce a 5–10-fold higher K m for ATP. This result demonstrates the critical role of the N-terminal domain of CaM in regulating the access of ATP to CaMKI.
Cyclin B2 and p53 control proper timing of centrosome separation

Cyclins B1 and B2 are frequently elevated in human cancers and are associated with tumour aggressiveness and poor clinical outcome; however, whether and how B-type cyclins drive tumorigenesis is unknown. Here we show that cyclin B1 and B2 transgenic mice are highly prone to tumours, including tumour types where B-type cyclins serve as prognosticators. Cyclins B1 and B2 both induce aneuploidy when overexpressed but through distinct mechanisms, with cyclin B1 inhibiting separase activation, leading to anaphase bridges, and cyclin B2 triggering aurora-A-mediated Plk1 hyperactivation, resulting in accelerated centrosome separation and lagging chromosomes. Complementary experiments revealed that cyclin B2 and p53 act antagonistically to control aurora-A-mediated centrosome splitting and accurate chromosome segregation in normal cells. These data demonstrate a causative link between B-type cyclin overexpression and tumour pathophysiology, and uncover previously unknown functions of cyclin B2 and p53 in centrosome separation that may be perturbed in many human cancers.
Super-resolution imaging of SERS hot spots

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) hot spots occur when molecules are positioned near regions of strongly enhanced electromagnetic fields on the surface of nano-featured plasmonic substrates. The emission from the molecule is coupled out into the far field by the plasmon modes of the substrate, but due to the diffraction-limit of light, the properties of this coupled molecule-plasmon emitter cannot be resolved using typical far-field optical microscopy techniques. However, by fitting the emission to a model function such as 2-dimensional Gaussian, the relative position of the emitter can be determined with precision better than 5 nm in a process known as super-resolution imaging. This tutorial review describes the basic principles of super-resolution imaging of SERS hot spots using single molecules to probe local electromagnetic field enhancements. New advances using dipole-based fitting functions and spectrally- and spatially-resolved measurements are described, providing new insight into SERS hot spots and the important roles of both the molecule and the substrate in defining their properties.
Impulse-response and reverberation-decay measurements made by using a periodic pseudorandom sequence

Abstract A detailed account of the cross-correlation method involving the use of a periodic pseudorandom sequence for impulse-response and reverberation-decay measurements is presented. Experimental results are also provided to demonstrate the potential of this method for making measurements in a very noisy environment.
Dissemination and adoption of social skills training: Social validation of an evidence-based treatment for the mentally disabled

Background: The UCLA modules for training social and independent living skills (SILS) were developed to teach persons with severe mental illness skills for disease management, affiliative relationships, and instrumental role functioning. Eight modules have been produced and evaluated in controlled studies.Aims: To review the adoption of the modules by practitioners, and identify procedures for dissemination.Method: Practitioner and program experiences with the modules were inventoried to identify factors associated with adoption and utility. Secondary dissemination was evaluated in agencies that disseminated the modules beyond their own patients by training other professionals. Determination was made of cultural adaptation of modules for use in various countries.Results: The SILS modules have been widely implemented throughout the US, translated into 23 languages, and implemented in more than 30 countries. International studies document their crosscultural efficacy, effectiveness, and utility. Factors ass...
Paraneoplastic pemphigus: a refractory autoimmune mucocutaneous disease.

Background and Objective: We report on a 42-year-old man with Stage IIA non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who developed a severe mucocutaneous blistering eruption. His diagnosis, paraneoplastic pemphigus, was based on clinical, histological, and immunofluorescence findings and confirmed by immunoprecipitation. Despite maximal therapy with plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, and mycophenolate mofetil and the subsequent addition of cyclophosphamide and cyclosporine, the condition was fatal. Conclusion: This case illustrates the refractory nature of this disease and the inadequacy of existing therapies. Antecedents et Objectifs: Nous rapportons le cas d'un homme âge de 42 ans ayant un lymphome non hodgkinien de stade IIa et qui a developpe une eruption mucocutanee grave. Le diagnostic, pemphigus neoplastique, a ete base sur les resultats cliniques, histologiques et d'immunofluorescence, et confirme par immunoprecipitation. Malgre les traitements agressifs a base de plasmapherese, de corticosteroides et de mycophenolate mofetile, et l'addition subsequente de cyclophosphamide et de cyclosporine, 1'affection etait mortelle. Conclusion: Ce cas illustre la nature refractaire de la maladie et l'insuffisance des medicaments existants.
The coaching experience of four novice principals

Purpose – This study followed four novice principals in two urban school districts through one or two years of their leadership coaching experience. The purpose of this study was to determine principals’ perceived benefits of the coaching experience, principals’ beliefs regarding the most beneficial attributes of a coach, and the match between these findings and the core leadership practices that most dramatically impact student achievement.Design/methodology/approach – This study followed four novice principals in two urban school districts through one or two years of their leadership coaching experience.Findings – Principals in this study appeared to have had a successful coaching experience in part because of: the coach's knowledge of curriculum, schools, and districts; the practicality of the experience; and the coach's ability to collaborate and shape the thinking of principals without being authoritative or intrusive. Principals experienced success on the job as identified by the student achievement...
Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography is a powerful tool for the evaluation of cervical and intracranial vasculature. Both noncontrast and contrast-enhanced MR angiography can provide exquisite vascular contrast and detail without the use of ionizing radiation. More advanced techniques such as time-resolved MR angiography and parallel imaging provide dynamic information in rapid fashion. This article describes the basic principles and techniques of MR angiography image acquisition.
The reaction of o-iodosobenzoate with 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase.

Abstract Yeast and muscle 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenases were found to react with 6 and 11 moles of o -iodosobenzoate, respectively, per mole of protein. The o -iodosobenzoate-treated muscle enzyme gained a high phosphatase activity toward acetyl phosphate, although it no longer catalyzed the oxidation of glyceraldehyde. On addition of cysteine the ability of the treated protein to catalyze the oxidation of glyceraldehyde was restored.
Superiors' and Subordinates' Gender: Does it Really Matter?

Summary.-A secondary analysis of prior dam from 1946 persons did nor support an interaction of gender pair/age or education. The gender of superiors and subordinates does not influence perceptions of superiors' behaviors. These dam confirm field studies. Women's migration into the workforce has generated considerable controversy regarding their competence, commitment, emotional stability, and motivation (Biles & Pryatel, 1978). According to the U.S. Department of Labor (1976), women comprise 40% of the workforce and only 5.6% of management or administrative jobs. Some of the research regarding working women indicates sex biases in performance evaluations. Deaux and Taynor (1973), for example, found that highly competent males were rated more positively than highly competent females, and males of low competence were rated lower than similar females. There is also evidence to suggest that women evaluate accomplishments of women less favorably than those of men unless there is clear evidence of outside recognition (Goldberg, 1968; Pheterson, Kiesler, & Goldberg, 197 1). Jacobson and Effertz ( 1974) confirmed their hypothesis that males are judged more harshly than females when they are leaders but more leniently than females when they are followers. Research has indicated that successful managers are perceived to possess characteristics, attitudes, and temperaments more commonly ascribed to men in general than to women in general (Bardwick & Douvan, 1972; Schein, 1973). Finally, Bartol and Butterfield (1976) found that female managers received more positive scores than male managers on consideration sryle, while initiating structure was valued more highly when engaged in by male managers. In contrast to the above studies indicating various sex biases in performance evaluations, other research has shown that sex biases are not necessarily irremediable or ubiquitous. For example, negative attitudes toward female supervisors seem to be reduced or eliminated by actual experience working with female supervisors (Gilmer, 1961; Bowman, Worthy, & Greyser, 1965). In addition, there is evidence to suggest that male and female supervisors who perform similar functions are perceived to exhibit similar patterns of behavior and levels of effectiveness (Day & Stogdill, 1972; Bartol & Worunan, 1975). Seemingly inconsistent conclusions regarding sex biases in performance eval
Theory of the coherent spin dynamics in magnetic semiconductor quantum wells

Abstract We present a theory of time-resolved Faraday rotation forsemimagnetic quantum well structures in the Voigt configuration.The nonlinear part of the Faraday rotation signal is expressedas probing the carrier spin population requiring an off-resonant probe frequency. Our computed results confirm experimental findings of electron spin precession andindependent electron and hole spin relaxation. Inclusion of thecoherent dynamics of the Mn-spin system in our theory shows that optically created carriers can initiate a long-livingprecession of the Mn-spins, leading to oscillations which areobserved through the linear Faraday rotation.
Effect of some Silages on the Copper Tolerance of Pasteurized Milk

Summary Feeding molasses alfalfa silage for 6 weeks decreased the average quantity of copper required to produce an oxidized flavor in the milk, by 0.06 p.p.m. in one trial and 0.04 p.p.m. in the other. Feeding straight alfalfa silage increased the average quantity of copper required to cause an oxidized flavor in the milk, by 0.06 p.p.m. in one trial and 0.03 p.p.m. in the other. Feeding corn silage for 6 weeks, after feeding soybean silage for 6 weeks, lowered the average copper tolerance of the milk by 0.08 p.p.m.; and feeding soybean silage for 6 weeks, after feeding corn silage for 6 weeks, lowered the average copper tolerance of the milk by 0.04 p.p.m. These results might be of slight significance were it not for the following facts: 1. The milk from individual animals frequently varied as much as 0.1 p.p.m. in copper tolerance, from one sampling period to the next during the same feeding period. 2. There was no uniform tendency for any of the silages to increase or decrease the copper tolerance of the milk produced. In each of the feeding periods there were individual cows that produced milk in which the copper tolerance remained constant, some that produced milk in which the copper tolerance increased, and others that produced milk in which it decreased.
Complete Rations for Dairy Cattle. VI. Percent Protein Required with Soybean Meal Supplementation of Low-Fiber Rations for Lactating Dairy Cows

Abstract Three feeding trials were to evaluate effects of protein percent of complete rations as controlled by soybean meal supplementation, on milk production. In Experiment 1, 27 Holstein cows were used to compare 11.5, 13.0, or 14.5% protein rations (air-dry) in a partially balanced incomplete block design in which cows were fed one of the rations in each of two 8-wk periods. Differences of milk yield were small but tended to be higher with higher diet protein. No other parameters (including solids-corrected milk) were affected by treatment. In Experiment 2, 12.0, 14.5, and 17.0% protein rations were fed to 62 Holstein cows during wk 3 through 8 after parturition after their having received the 14.5% ration during the adjustment period 2 wk before and 2 wk after parturition. No effects were due to treatment. In Experiment 3, the 24 highest producing cows of Experiment 2 were used in a Latin square design with three 4-wk periods and rations of Experiment 2 with restriction of feed to 80% of wk-8 consumption during Experiment 2. Again, no differences were due to ration. Little or no benefit could be achieved by soybean meal supplementation of complete rations which contain above 12.0% protein (13.5% of dry matter) with cows producing in lactations which averaged 6370 kg mature equivalent, 305 days.
Identifying Nucleotidic Materials Released by Fermenting Brewer's Yeast

SUMMARY— During fermentation a brewer's yeast released into the medium substantial amounts of materials absorbing ultra-violet light at 260 mμ These materials were separated by chromatography and identified by further chromatography and spectrophotometry. Nine nucleotides, five free bases (purines and pyrimidines) and four nucleosides were identified in the fermented medium and in the intracellular pool of the yeast. Some of these released materials may be of consequence in the fermented beverage industry since they were not reabsorbed by yeast and can be expected to persist to the finished product.
Multiobjective Optimization of Switched Reluctance Motors Based on Design of Experiments and Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for multiobjective design optimization of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) based on a combination of the design of experiments and particle swarm optimization (PSO) approaches. First, the definitive screening design was employed to perform sensitivity analyses to identify significant design variables without bias of interaction effects between design variables. Next, optimal third-order response surface (RS) models were constructed based on the Audze–Eglais Latin hypercube design using the selected significant design variables. The constructed optimal RS models consist of only significant regression terms, which were selected by using PSO. Then, a PSO-based multiobjective optimization coupled with the constructed RS models, instead of the finite-element analysis, was performed to generate the Pareto front with a significantly reduced computational cost. A sample SRM design with multiple optimization objectives, i.e., maximizing torque per active mass, maximizing efficiency, and minimizing torque ripple, was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimal design framework.
Concerning the influence of glucose on the response of the human stomach to test meals.

With a two tube technique in man, the influence of glucose solutions instilled intraduodenally and intravenously upon the response of the stomach to test meals was investigated. An attempt was made to separate the duodenal effect upon gastric acidity resulting from the osmotic changes produced by hyper-tonic glucose and the possible effect of the resultant hyperglycemia. Our evidence at present indicates the most striking effect to be dependent upon the altered osmotic conditions in the duodenum, while the hyperglycemia plays only a secondary role. The latter, however, may be sufficient to explain the higher-than-average incidence of anacidity in diabetes.
Tracked ultrasound for laparoscopic surgery

We calibrate a tracked laparoscopic ultrasound probe for application in image-guided surgery and 3-D volume reconstruction. With a plane-mapping technique, the spatial relationship between the ultrasound beam emitted from the tip of the probe to the local coordinate system of the probe was determined by mapping it with an optically tracked pointer. A cross-wire calibration technique was also performed for comparison. The accuracy and precision of the calibrated probe was evaluated by measuring its ability to localize targets in a water bath. Target registration error depended upon probe position, varying from an average 0.88 mm for the fixed probes to 6.09 mm for a moving probe. This error can be reduced to 4.54 mm by accounting for target localization error which is the error determining the position of the probe itself. These results validate the plane-mapping calibration technique for this type of ultrasound probe, and better probe tracking is expected to reduce the overall registration error.
Quantitative Characterization of Mixing of Dry Powders in V-Blenders.

Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of rotation rate, fill level, and total number of revolutions on the mixing performance of a V-blender. The experiments were performed using 66-μm red and green glass beads. Mixture uniformity was quantified after each experiment by infiltrating the mixtures with a binder, and using image analysis to examine slices of the solidfied mixture. The mixing rate (as a function of total revolutions) was not affected by changing the rotation rate between 8 and 24 rpm. The mixing rate increased significantly as the fill percentage was decreased from 60% to 40% of the total vessel volume. In a symmetric blender such as a V-blender, the rate of mixing is limited by the rate of mass transfer across the vessel plane of symmetry orthogonal to the axis of rotation. A one-parameter model based on the amount of material that crossed the plane of symmetry per revolution displayed good agreement with the experimental data.
EbAT: online methods for detecting utility cloud anomalies

The online detection of anomalies is a vital element of operations in datacenters and in utility clouds like Amazon EC2. Given ever-increasing data center sizes coupled with the complexities of systems software, applications, and workload patterns, such anomaly detection must operate automatically at runtime and without the need for knowledge about normal or anomalous behaviors. Further, detection should function for different levels of abstraction like hardware and software, and for the multiple metrics used in cloud computing systems. This paper proposes EbAT -- Entropy-based Anomaly Testing -- offering novel methods that detect anomalies by analyzing for arbitrary metrics their distributions rather than individual metric thresholds. Entropy is used as a measurement that captures the degree of dispersal or concentration of such distributions, aggregating raw metric data across the cloud stack to form entropy time series. For scalability, such time series can then be combined hierarchically and across multiple cloud subsystems. Finally, online tools -- time series analysis, signal processing or subspace method -- are used to identify anomalies in entropy time series (matrices) in each subsystem or at each level of hierarchy. One outcome is our ability to 'zoom in' to the components and metrics where anomalies may be originating. Experimental results demonstrate the viability of the approach, with future experimentation focusing on scalable operation as well as on further reliability evaluation and improvement.
Do reminder signs promote use of safety belts

Abstract Study Objective: To determine whether reminder signs placed at the exits to parking decks increase the rate of safety belt use. Methods: The subjects in this study were drivers of automobiles with permits to park in campus decks at a major university. Volunteer observers were positioned near the exits of 5 parking decks around the campus. Rates of safety belt use were noted before and at 2 intervals after reminder signs were installed. Results: A total of 6,780 observations were collected. The baseline rate of safety belt use was 83%. Female drivers were significantly more likely to wear a safety belt than male drivers (85.3% versus 79.6%, P P =.86). Conclusion: Placing reminder signs at the exits to parking decks did not boost the rate of safety belt use at our institution. Other strategies are needed to achieve the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's goal of increasing the overall rate of safety belt usage to 90% by the year 2005. [Clack ZA, Pitts SR, Kellermann AL. Do reminder signs promote use of safety belts? Ann Emerg Med. December 2000;36:597-601.]
ETS levels in hospitality environments satisfying ASHRAE standard 62-1989: “ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality”

Abstract Prior to this study, indoor air constituent levels and ventilation rates of hospitality environments had not been measured simultaneously. This investigation measured indoor Environmental Tobacco Smoke-related (ETS-related) constituent levels in two restaurants, a billiard hall and a casino. The objective of this study was to characterize ETS-related constituent levels inside hospitality environments when the ventilation rates satisfy the requirements of the ASHRAE 62-1989 Ventilation Standard. The ventilation rate of each selected hospitality environment was measured and adjusted. The study advanced only if the requirements of the ASHRAE 62-1989 Ventilation Standard – the pertinent standard of the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers – were satisfied. The supply rates of outdoor air and occupant density were measured intermittently to assure that the ventilation rate of each facility satisfied the standard under occupied conditions. Six ETS-related constituents were measured: respirable suspended particulate (RSP) matter, fluorescent particulate matter (FPM, an estimate of the ETS particle concentrations), ultraviolet particulate matter (UVPM, a second estimate of the ETS particle concentrations), solanesol, nicotine and 3-ethenylpyridine (3-EP). ETS-related constituent levels in smoking sections, non-smoking sections and outdoors were sampled daily for eight consecutive days at each hospitality environment. This study found that the difference between the concentrations of ETS-related constituents in indoor smoking and non-smoking sections was statistically significant. Differences between indoor non-smoking sections and outdoor ETS-related constituent levels were identified but were not statistically significant. Similarly, differences between weekday and weekend evenings were identified but were not statistically significant. The difference between indoor smoking sections and outdoors was statistically significant. Most importantly, ETS-related constituent concentrations measured indoors did not exceed existing occupational standards. It was concluded that if the measured ventilation rates of the sampled facilities satisfied the ASHRAE 62-1989 Ventilation Standard requirements, the corresponding ETS-related constituents were measured at concentrations below known harmful levels as specified by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygiene (ACGIH).
The Milestones for Psychosomatic Medicine Subspecialty Training

Background The Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education Milestones project is a key element in the Next Accreditation System for graduate medical education. On completing the general psychiatry milestones in 2013, the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education began the process of creating milestones for the accredited psychiatric subspecialties. Methods With consultation from the Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine, the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education appointed a working group to create the psychosomatic medicine milestones, using the general psychiatry milestones as a starting point. Results This article represents a record of the work of this committee. It describes the history and rationale behind the milestones, the development process used by the working group, and the implications of these milestones on psychosomatic medicine fellowship training. Conclusions The milestones, as presented in this article, will have an important influence on psychosomatic medicine training programs. The implications of these include changes in how fellowship programs will be reviewed and accredited by the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education and changes in the process of assessment and feedback for fellows.
Myocardial infarction stimulates galanin expression in cardiac sympathetic neurons

Cardiac ischemia-reperfusion alters sympathetic neurotransmission in the heart, but little is known about its effect on neuropeptide expression in sympathetic neurons. Ischemia followed by reperfusion induces the production of inflammatory cytokines in the heart, including interleukin-6 and cardiotrophin-1. These cytokines and related molecules inhibit the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY), and stimulate the expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SubP), and galanin (GAL) in cultured sympathetic neurons. Therefore, we quantified NPY, VIP, SubP, and GAL mRNA in neurons of the stellate ganglia 1 week after ischemia-reperfusion to determine if neuropeptide expression was altered in cardiac sympathetic neurons. NPY, VIP, and SubP mRNAs were unchanged compared to unoperated control animals, but GAL mRNA was increased significantly. The increased GAL mRNA was not accompanied by elevated GAL peptide content in the stellate ganglia. Galanin content was increased significantly in the heart, however, indicating that elevated GAL mRNA led to increased peptide production. GAL content was increased in the left ventricle below the coronary artery ligation, but was not increased significantly in the atria or the base of the heart above the ligation. The buildup of GAL specifically in the damaged left ventricle is consistent with previous reports that GAL is transported to regenerating nerve endings after axon damage.
DprB Facilitates Inter- and Intragenomic Recombination in Helicobacter pylori

ABSTRACT For naturally competent microorganisms, such as Helicobacter pylori, the steps that permit recombination of exogenous DNA are not fully understood. Immediately downstream of an H. pylori gene (dprA) that facilitates high-frequency natural transformation is HP0334 (dprB), annotated to be a putative Holliday junction resolvase (HJR). We showed that the HP0334 (dprB) gene product facilitates high-frequency natural transformation. We determined the physiologic roles of DprB by genetic analyses. DprB controls in vitro growth, survival after exposure to UV or fluoroquinolones, and intragenomic recombination. dprB ruvC double deletion dramatically decreases both homologous and homeologous transformation and survival after exposure to DNA-damaging agents. Moreover, the DprB protein binds to synthetic Holliday junction structures rather than double-stranded or single-stranded DNA. These results demonstrate that the dprB product plays important roles affecting inter- and intragenomic recombination. We provide evidence that the two putative H. pylori HJRs (DprB and RuvC) have overlapping but distinct functions involving intergenomic (primarily DprB) and intragenomic (primarily RuvC) recombination.
Afro-Americans and acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)

Abstract AIP in blacks has been reported in sporadic cases from the African and North American continents, but no detailed family evaluations are available. We report here clinical, biochemical and genetic studies on two Afro-American families, each spanning three generations.
Self-Tuning Property of a Class of Adaptive Controllers based on the Generalized Minimum Variance Control Strategy

Convergence analysis of a class of adaptive controllers based on the generalized minimum variance control strategy (GMV) is considered. Using the ordinary differential equation (ODE) method of Ljung, under a certain boundedness assumption, and positive realness of the noise transfer function, it is shown that this class of adaptive controllers have self-tuning property with probability one (w.p.1). That is, the controller parameters converge to values which yield the same performance as if the true system parameters were used. The convergence results are also shown to hold for a closely related prediction algorithm as a special case. Local convergence analysis reveals that if the positive realness condition is not satisfied, counter-examples to convergence of the algorithms can be constructed. The numerical solution of the associated ODE, are shown to give further insight into the convergence properties of the algorithm.
Lessons learned from a 6-year clinical experience with superior vena cava Greenfield filters.

Abstract Purpose: Therapy to prevent pulmonary embolism (PE) resulting from upper extremity deep venous thrombosis (UEDVT) remains controversial despite an increasing incidence of DVT of upper extremity origin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of 72 superior vena cava Greenfield filters (SVC-GFs) placed in patients at risk for PE arising from UEDVT. Methods: During the past 78 months, we placed SVC-GFs in 72 patients with UEDVT in whom anticoagulation was either deemed contraindicated (n = 67) or proved ineffective in preventing recurrent PE (n = 4) or extension of the thrombus (n = 1). There were 25 male (35%) and 47 (65%) female patients whose ages ranged from 25 to 99 years (mean, 74 years). Follow-up ranged from 10 days to 78 months (mean, 7.8 months). Sequential chest radiographs revealed no filter migration or displacement in 26 patients. Results: Thirty-four patients died in the hospital of causes unrelated to the SVC filter or recurrent thromboembolism (mean time to death, 20 days). Follow-up of the surviving 38 patients ranged from 1 month to 78 months (mean, 22 months); none of these patients were seen with any evidence of PE. One SVC-GF was incorrectly discharged into the innominate vein and left in place. This vein remains patent 2 months after insertion without evidence of filter migration. Conclusions: We think that insertion of SVC-GFs is a safe, efficacious, and feasible therapy and may prevent recurrent thromboembolism in patients with UEDVT who are resistant to anticoagulation or have contraindications to anticoagulation. (J Vasc Surg 2000;32:881-7.)
Association between inflammatory biomarkers and adiposity in obese patients with heart failure and metabolic syndrome

Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS) are common in patients with heart failure (HF). Studies investigating the association between known biomarkers and adiposity in patient populations are limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) and leptin with adiposity in a sub-group of overweight/obese patients with HF, DM and/or MS. A total of 36 patients (mean age, 56.72±9.78 years; ranging between 27 and 76 years of age; 80.6% male; 52.8% Caucasian) were enrolled and their height, weight, waist circumference and body composition (e.g. percentage body fat and lean mass), as well as the levels of CRP and leptin, were assessed. The results demonstrated that there was a significant association between CRP and leptin, CRP and body mass index (BMI) and gender and percentage body fat (P<0.05, for all associations). Analysis of leptin and CRP levels revealed that patients in the highest BMI quartile (BMI, 40.3-61.2) had higher CRP levels (4.83 μg/ml vs. 3.03 μg/ml; P=0.033) and higher leptin levels (44.97 ng/ml vs. 24.64 ng/ml; P=0.042) compared with patients in the lower BMI quartile (BMI, 28.6-32.4). In conclusion, among obese patients with HF, DM and/or MS, an association between CRP and leptin was identified, providing further evidence that metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms are involved in these diseases. Future investigation to assess the potential impact of inflammation and adiposity, and the role of dietary interventions and weight loss on clinical outcomes in this population of chronically ill patients is warranted.
Host influence on floral variability inOrthocarpus densiflorus (Scrophulariaceae)

This study investigates the influence of host plants on the expression of floral variability in the hemiparasiteOrthocarpus densiflorus (Scrophulariaceae), to determine if interaction with host plants can facilitate the expression of normally hidden genes. Style extension inO. densiflorus is highly uniform in natural populations, with less than 1% of the individuals exhibiting an aberrant extended-style condition. Both seed treatment with giberellic acid and parasitic development with host plants significantly facilitates the expression of extended-style in progenies that show only minimal expression when grown autotrophically. Artificial selection experiments demonstrate the range of potential phenotypic variation to be under genetic control, and differentially influenced by the host environment. Although the biochemical basis of the host influence is unknown, some host plants produce stimuli that apparently disrupt buffering inO. densiflorus and expose normally unexpressed genetic variability to selection. If variation in other traits is similarly affected, the influence of host chemistry may provide parasitic plants with a greater than normal opportunity for rapid selectional change.
Modulated microwave absorption of Nd2−xCexCuO4 single crystals

Abstract Modulated microwave absorption shows that as-grown crystals of Nd 2− x Ce x CuO 4 already contain superconducting regions prior to reduction, which then increases the measured T c from 7 to 21 K. The temperature dependence of the modulated absorption has a maximum near T c , indicating the reduced role of weak Josephson junctions in these crystals compared to ceramic samples of the cuprate superconductors.
Quantum noise in optical computing

The transmission of quantum noise through the basic systems used in optical computing is discussed. Multipliers, linear algebra processors, nonlinear elements, and cascaded systems involving detection and regeneration of light are examined.
Design and implementation of SNODSOC: Novel class detection for social network analysis

This paper describes a framework, SNODSOC (Stream based novel class detection for social network analysis), that detects evolving patterns and trends in social microblogs. SNODSOC extends our powerful data mining system, SNOD (Stream-based Novel Class Detection) for now detecting novel patterns and trends within microblogs.
A new percutaneous technique for establishing venous bypass access in orthotopic liver transplantation

Partial veno-venous bypass (VVB) is commonly used in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Venous access for blood return during VVB classically uses a surgical cutdown on the left axillary vein (LAV), which may prolong operating time and can be associated with significant complications. The authors have developed an alternative means of establishing venous access whereby the anesthesia team places 8.5F venous cannulae preoperatively in one or two vessels (internal jugular, antecubital, or subclavian) percutaneously using the Seldinger technique. These cannulae then serve to accept venous return from below the diaphragm via a centrifugal pump. The aim fo the present study was to compare the hemodynamic profiles obtained during the anhepatic phase of OLT in patients in whom either a conventional LAV catheter (group 1) or percutaneous catheters (group 2) were used for return flow from a centrifugal pump. There were no identifiable complications related to venous access in either group of patients. Total operating room time was 800 +/- 30 minutes in group 1 and 720 +/- 40 minutes in group 2 (P = 0.17). Hemodynamic parameters were determined from continuous strip chart recordings of arterial, right atrial, and inferior vena caval (IVCP) pressures. Cardiac output (CO) was measured by thermodilution whereas pump flow was determined by an electromagnetic probe. Renal perfusion pressure (RPP) was calculated as the difference between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and IVCP. Bypass pump flow was greater, but not significantly different between group 1 (3.0 +/- 0.2 L/min) and group 2 (2.4 +/- 0.2 L/min) (P = 0.09).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Preoperative Partial Breast Radiation Therapy: One Year Outcomes and Radiation-Induced Changes in Gene Expression

Conclusions: At 10 years, the risk of local recurrence among individuals treated with HF radiation therapy after BCS for pure DCIS was similar to individuals treated with conventional radiation therapy. Author Disclosure: N. Lalani: None. L. Paszat: None. R. Nofech-Mozes: None. S. Narod: None. W. Hanna: None. D. Thiruchelvam: None. A. Tuck: None. S. Sengupta: None. L. Elavathil: None. P. Jani: None. S. Done: None. N. Miller: None. B. Youngson: None. M. Bonin: None. E. Rakovitch: None.
Partial flux jumps in superconductor tubes

Large flux jumps have been observed to occur only in the outside of the wall of a tube of type II superconductor, without travelling through to the tube bore.
Guidelines for critical care medicine training and continuing medical education

ObjectiveCritical care medicine trainees and faculty must acquire and maintain the skills necessary to provide state-of-the art clinical care to critically ill patients, to improve patient outcomes, optimize intensive care unit utilization, and continue to advance the theory and practice of critical
A new oxyfluoride perovskite, KTiO2F

Abstract A new perovskite-type oxyfluoride, KTiO 2 F, was prepared by the direct reaction of KF with TiO 2 under high pressure. The chemical and physical properties of this composition are presented.
The role of a formal training program in attracting and developing computer professionals

Because of the wide range of career choices that face computer-oriented graduates at the bachelor's level, a formal training program is often an effective mechanism to attract and maintain a high-powered technical staff. Often the fundamental choice for the new graduate is between full-time graduate school or full-time work. An explanation is given of how a training program can combine work experience and graduate school, and the impact that these development opportunities have on the organization's recruiting, development and planning efforts. Honeywell Information Systems' Advanced Engineering Program is used to illustrate a successful training program, and its constituent parts are highlighted: rotating work assignments, graduate education, and practical problems and seminars. Also, the importance of permanent placement for program graduates, and the net result of program training, are discussed.
A 64K FET dynamic random access memory: design considerations and description

The major design considerations and design features of an experimental 64K-bit random access memory (RAM), implemented in a double polysilicon gate technology, are described in this paper. Design tradeoffs addressing power supply selection and chip configuration alternatives are presented. This is followed by a description of the 8K-word by 8-bit FET dynamic RAM which uses single-transistor cells with first-level-metal bit lines and second-level-metal stitched polysilicon word lines. Test results obtained on early engineering hardware chips fabricated with linear dimensions 1.2 times those of the base design are also presented.
Boundary Conditions at Interfaces

It is suggested that new insight can be gained in the mechanical conditions at an interface by thinking in terms of stretch strains and curvature changes. For simplicity, the discussion is restricted to elasticity and two dimensions, but particular attention is paid to eigenstrains.
Safety-assured development of the GPCA infusion pump software

This paper presents our effort of using model-driven engineering to establish a safety-assured implementation of Patient-Controlled Analgesic (PCA) infusion pump software based on the generic PCA reference model provided by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The reference model was first translated into a network of timed automata using the UPPAAL tool. Its safety properties were then assured according to the set of generic safety requirements also provided by the FDA. Once the safety of the reference model was established, we applied the TIMES tool to automatically generate platform-independent code as its preliminary implementation. The code was then equipped with auxiliary facilities to interface with pump hardware and deployed onto a real PCA pump. Experiments show that the code worked correctly and effectively with the real pump. To assure that the code does not introduce any violation of the safety requirements, we also developed a testbed to check the consistency between the reference model and the code through conformance testing. Challenges encountered and lessons learned during our work are also discussed in this paper.
Hyaluronic Acid Viscosupplementation and Osteoarthritis: Current Uses and Future Directions

Intra-articular hyaluronic acid viscosupplementation is gaining popularity as a treatment option in the nonoperative management of patients with osteoarthritis. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that the anti-inflammatory, anabolic, and chondroprotective actions of hyaluronic acid reduce pain and improve patient function. With evidence mounting in support of the efficacy of this treatment modality for patients with osteoarthritis, its potential use in additional patient populations and for other pathologies affecting the knee is being investigated. The current article reviews the use of intra-articular hyaluronic acid viscosupplementation in the management of knee osteoarthritis and presents the potential for expanding its indications for other joints and alternative patient subpopulations. Additionally, future directions for the use of hyaluronic acid and areas of active research are discussed.
Bicaudal-C spatially controls translation of vertebrate maternal mRNAs

The Xenopus Cripto-1 protein is confined to the cells of the animal hemisphere during early embryogenesis where it regulates the formation of anterior structures. Cripto-1 protein accumulates only in animal cells because cripto-1 mRNA in cells of the vegetal hemisphere is translationally repressed. Here, we show that the RNA binding protein, Bicaudal-C (Bic-C), functioned directly in this vegetal cell-specific repression. While Bic-C protein is normally confined to vegetal cells, ectopic expression of Bic-C in animal cells repressed a cripto-1 mRNA reporter and associated with endogenous cripto-1 mRNA. Repression by Bic-C required its N-terminal domain, comprised of multiple KH motifs, for specific binding to relevant control elements within the cripto-1 mRNA and a functionally separable C-terminal translation repression domain. Bic-C-mediated repression required the 5' CAP and translation initiation factors, but not a poly(A) tail or the conserved SAM domain within Bic-C. Bic-C-directed immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing of associated mRNAs identified multiple Bic-C-regulated mRNA targets, including cripto-1 mRNA, providing new insights and tools for understanding the role of Bic-C in vertebrate development.
Identification of a subversive substrate of Trichomonas vaginalis purine nucleoside phosphorylase and the crystal structure of the enzyme-substrate complex.

Abstract Trichomonas vaginalis is an anaerobic protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis, a common sexually transmitted disease with worldwide impact. One of the pivotal enzymes in its purine salvage pathway, purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), shows physical properties and substrate specificities similar to those of the high molecular mass bacterial PNPs but differing from those of human PNP. While carrying out studies to identify inhibitors of T. vaginalis PNP (TvPNP), we discovered that the nontoxic nucleoside analogue 2-fluoro-2′-deoxyadenosine (F-dAdo) is a “subversive substrate.” Phosphorolysis by TvPNP of F-dAdo, which is not a substrate for human PNP, releases highly cytotoxic 2-fluoroadenine (F-Ade). In vitro studies showed that both F-dAdo and F-Ade exert strong inhibition of T. vaginalis growth with estimated IC50 values of 106 and 84 nm, respectively, suggesting that F-dAdo might be useful as a potential chemotherapeutic agent against T. vaginalis. To understand the basis of TvPNP specificity, the structures of TvPNP complexed with F-dAdo, 2-fluoroadenosine, formycin A, adenosine, inosine, or 2′-deoxyinosine were determined by x-ray crystallography with resolutions ranging from 2.4 to 2.9 A. These studies showed that the quaternary structure, monomer fold, and active site are similar to those of Escherichia coli PNP. The principal active site difference is at Thr-156, which is alanine in E. coli PNP. In the complex of TvPNP with F-dAdo, Thr-156 causes the purine base to tilt and shift by 0.5 A as compared with the binding scheme of F-dAdo in E. coli PNP. The structures of the TvPNP complexes suggest opportunities for further improved subversive substrates beyond F-dAdo.
Data Assimilation, Mesoscale Dynamics and Dynamical Forecasting

We first introduce the concepts and methods of optimal field estimation and data assimilation. The meteorologists example is mentioned and special considerations for oceanography discussed. The research of the Harvard group for open regions of the mid latitude ocean is overviewed including hindcasting the POLYMODE SDE data, a real time forecast in the California Current and the setting up of a ODPS in the Gulf Stream ring and meander region.
The Sociology of Sexualities: Queer and Beyond

We identify three trends in the recent sociology of sexuality. First, we examine how queer theory has influenced many sociologists whose empirical work observes sexuality in areas generally thought to be asexual. These sociologists also elaborate queer theory's challenge to sexual dichotomizing and trace the workings of power through sexual categories. Second, we look at how sociologists bring sexuality into conversation with the black feminist notion of “intersectionality” by examining the nature and effects of sexuality among multiple and intersecting systems of identity and oppression. A third trend in the sociology of sexuality has been to explore the relationships between sexuality and political economy in light of recent market transformations. In examining these trends, we observe the influence of globalization studies and the contributions of sociologists to understanding the role of sexuality in global processes. We conclude with the contributions sociologists of sexuality make toward understandi...