cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reference Sources On Film

Publishers are producing new reference sources on film at an astonishing rate. Each week reviews and advertisements appear to announce yet another book. Books vary in scope, subject emphasis, size, price, and of course, quality, and represent both new works and revised or added editions. Not only are American publishers active, but European firms are getting on the bandwagon, too.
An energy-efficient middleware for supporting multimedia services in mobile grid environments

In this paper, we present techniques for exploiting intermittently available resources in grid infrastructures to support QoS-based multimedia applications on mobile devices. Specifically, we integrate power aware admission control, grid resource discovery, dynamic load-balancing and energy adaptation techniques to enable power deficient devices such as PDAs to run distributed multimedia applications. Our integrated solution adapts to dynamic changes in device energy consumption and unpredictable grid resource availabilities without compromising application quality of service (QoS). Our simulation results indicate that our power-aware grid-based approaches, not only improve QoS of mobile multimedia services, but also efficiently load-balance the grid resources.
On Symmetric Duality in Nonlinear Programming

In this study we generalize the formulation of symmetric duality introduced by Dantzig, Eisenberg, and Cottle to include the case where the constraints of the inequality type are defined via closed convex cones and their polars. The new formulation retains the symmetric properties of the original programs. Under suitable convexity/concavity assumptions we generalize the known results about symmetric duality. The case where the function involved is strongly convex/strongly concave is also treated and Karamardian's result in this case is generalized. As a result, we show that every strongly convex function achieves a minimum value over any closed convex cone at a unique point. Some special cases of symmetric programs are then considered, leading to generalizations of Wolfe's duality as well as generalizations of quadratic and linear programming formulations.
Cancer nanotechnology: a new commercialization pipeline for diagnostics, imaging agents, and therapies

ABSTRACT Nanotechnology  the science and engineering of manipulating matter at the molecular scale to create devices with novel chemical, physical and biological properties  has the potential to radically change oncology. Research sponsored by the NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer has led to the development of nanomaterials as platforms of increasing complexity and devices of superior sensitivity, speed and multiplexing capability. Input from clinicians has guided researchers in the design of technologies to address specific needs in the areas of cancer therapy and therapeutic monitoring, in vivo imaging, and in vitro diagnostics. The promising output from the Alliance has led to many new companies being founded to commercialize their nanomedical product line. Furthermore, several of these technologies, which are discussed in this paper, have advanced to clinically testing. Keywords: nanotechnology, oncology, imaging, diagnos tic, treatment, multidisciplinary research team
Studies on silk secretion in the trichoptera (F. Limnephilidae): I. Histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of the silk glands.

As part of a study on trichopteran silk secretion, the histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of the silk glands of two species of limnephilid trichopteran larvae, Pycnopsyche guttifer (Walk.) and Neophylax concinnus McL., were investigated. The silk glands consist of three anatomically distinct regions: a long, posterior silk-secreting region; a shorter, anterior conducting tube; and a terminal press/common duct. In Pycnopsyche, there is also a modified bulbous region between the secreting and conducting areas. Each anatomical region has a distinct cell type. There are two structurally and histochemically different components of the secretion in the glandular lumen: a core and a peripheral layer. Both components are produced all along the gland and are principally proteinaceous. However, the peripheral layer is also PAS and alcian blue (pH. 2.5) positive and shows β-metachromasia with toluidine blue (pH 3.5), indicating the presence of both neutral and acidic polysaccharides.
Homogenization of plutonium-1.0wt% gallium alloys

Abstract The progress of homogenization in Pu-1.0wt% (3.34at.%) Ga alloys has been followed with detail heretofore not reported. With selected grains between 50 and 100μm in diameter, gallium-concentration profiles were determined on as-cast structures and alloys heat treated for 2, 24 and 720hr at 460°C. This was made possible by a microanalysis procedure similar to that used by Ferrera and co-workers and step scanning with the electron beam in the spot mode. It should be noted, however, that while in theory this type of analysis can be applied to almost any system there are many potential problems and much caution must be exercised.
Effects of LEX032, a novel recombinant serine protease inhibitor, on NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions

We studied the effects of LEX032, a novel serine protease inhibitor, on NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) induced leukocyte–endothelium interactions in vivo, utilizing intravital microscopy of the rat mesentery. Superfusion of the rat mesentery with 50 μM l-NAME, a nitric oxide (NO) inhibitor, for 90 min resulted in a significant and time-dependent increase in leukocyte rolling, leukocyte adherence, and transmigration of leukocytes, compared to control rats superfused with Krebs–Henseleit (K–H) solution. However, systemic administration of LEX032 (15 mg/kg bolus injection followed by a 15 mg/kg per hour infusion) to l-NAME superfused rats significantly attenuated leukocyte rolling and adherence along the venular endothelium of the rat mesentery, and also inhibited transmigration of leukocytes through the microvascular endothelial wall. Moreover, no significant changes were observed in mean arterial blood pressure or local venular shear rates following systemic administration of LEX032. Our data demonstrate that systemic inhibition of serine proteases by LEX032 reduces enhanced leukocyte–endothelium interactions provoked by inhibition of NO synthesis. These results also explain some of the beneficial effects exerted by serine protease inhibitors in ischemia-reperfusion and other inflammatory states.
Litter N retention over winter for a low and a high phenolic species in the alpine tundra

Although soils are often the largest sink for N in terrestrial ecosystems, litter can immobilize N during the first year of decay and could affect N retention in seasonally snow-covered ecosystems that have high N losses during snowmelt, a time when soil N retention and plant uptake can be low, and litter N retention could be high. In alpine ecosystems, the annual loss of 0.5 g N m−2 is dominated by a yearly peak in N loss during snowmelt when frozen soils and declining winter microbial populations decrease soil N retention. Here, we aimed to quantify litter N immobilization over winter and identify the potential for high phenolic accumulation in an alpine plant to increase the capacity of litter to immobilize N. A one-year litter decomposition experiment was carried out using litter of an alpine species high in phenolics, Acomastylis rossii (R. Br.) Greene, and an alpine species with similar litter chemistry but low in phenolics, Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. We also doubled litter production to characterize the capacity of litter to immobilize N when substrate is not limiting. D. caespitosa and A. rossii litter immobilized 0.1 ± 0.1 and 0.3 ± 0.1 g N m−2, respectively, over winter. Doubling litter production led to the immobilization of 1.2 ± 0.2 g N m−2 in A. rossii litter, but did not affect immobilization in D. caespitosa litter. Higher N immobilization in A. rossii litter than in D. caespitosa litter was consistent with our expectation of phenolic control; but the lack of an order of magnitude difference in litter N immobilization at the natural rate of litter production was not consistent with the 15-fold greater concentration of phenolics in A. rossii litter. Yet, A.␣rossii litter also lost significantly more mass over winter than D. caespitosa litter. By decomposing pre-senescent litter, the difference between the species in litter decay rates was eliminated, and A. rossii tissues retained an order of magnitude more N than D. caespitosa tissues. Litter mass loss explained over 50% of the variation in litter N retention, and this relationship implies that A. rossii litter needs to lose two times more mass than D. caespitosa litter prior to the initiation of litter N loss. These results indicate that litter N immobilization under the snow contributes to ecosystem N retention in the alpine tundra and strongly suggest that high phenolic accumulation in A. rossii increases the capacity of litter to immobilize N.
The Black Family and Black Community Development

Black family life is discussed in the context of Black community development. The author contends that mutual, interactive actions by Black families and Black community institutions could benefit b...
Detection and characterization of carcinoma cells in the blood

A highly sensitive assay combining immunomagnetic enrichment with multiparameter flow cytometric and immunocytochemical analysis has been developed to detect, enumerate, and characterize carcinoma cells in the blood. The assay can detect one epithelial cell or less in 1 ml of blood. Peripheral blood (10–20 ml) from 30 patients with carcinoma of the breast, from 3 patients with prostate cancer, and from 13 controls was examined by flow cytometry for the presence of circulating epithelial cells defined as nucleic acid+, CD45−, and cytokeratin+. Highly significant differences in the number of circulating epithelial cells were found between normal controls and patients with cancer including 17 with organ-confined disease. To determine whether the circulating epithelial cells in the cancer patients were neoplastic cells, cytospin preparations were made after immunomagnetic enrichment and were analyzed. Epithelial cells from patients with breast cancer generally stained with mAbs against cytokeratin and 3 of 5 for mucin-1. In contrast, no cells that stained for these antigens were observed in the blood from normal controls. The morphology of the stained cells was consistent with that of neoplastic cells. Of 8 patients with breast cancer followed for 1–10 months, there was a good correlation between changes in the level of tumor cells in the blood with both treatment with chemotherapy and clinical status. The present assay may be helpful in early detection, in monitoring disease, and in prognostication.
Green's-function theory for disordered anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnets

Abstract The Green's function theory for disordered Heisenberg Ferromagnets developed by Montgomery et al. has been extended for anisotropic systems. The densities of spin-wave states for such systems exhibit split-bands. This behavior differs qualitatively from that of the isotropic case and offers a partial explanation for the neutron scattering experiment of Buyers et al. in which they observe two well defined branches of magnetic excitations in disordered substitutional anti-ferromagnetic alloys.
The DUV-FEL development program

We discuss the design and output radiation parameters for the Deep Ultra-violet Free Electron Laser at BNL, which will generate coherent output down to 100 nm using high gain harmonic generation. The result of the FEL calculation and the status of the experiment are presented.
DP AT FLIGHT DELAY MODELING AND ITINERARY TRACKING

MITRE's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) has developed a high-speed parallel airframe and airspace simulation tool known as the Detailed Policy Assessment Tool (DPAT). The tool is used for delay analysis of aircraft itineraries as a function of airspace capacities, traffic demand and airline scheduling practices, specifically including schedule padding and slack. Schedule padding is extra time included in a flight's scheduled gate-togate time, to allow for possible delays. Schedule slack is the extra time allowed between flights of the same airframe, to allow for possible delays. We will present a simple analytic model of flight delays that show the interrelation of these effects. Such an analysis is possible with a new feature of DP AT that allows analysts to trace itineraries from airport to airport, including traversal of every enroute sector and every restriction encountered. The DP AT itinerary trace is implemented in an XML framework to simplify program debugging, animation, and the external interface to other ATC modeling tools. The effect of airport/sector capacity increase or reduction, traffic demand changes, and schedule padding and slack on flight delays can be tracked explicitly in model validation and verification efforts.
Quantum Well and Quantum Dot Based Detector Arrays for Infrared Imaging

A mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) and long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) 320x256 pixel quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) dualband focal plane arrays (FPAs) have been demonstrated with excellent imagery. Currently, we are developing a 1024x1024 pixel simultaneous pixel co-registered dualband QWIP FPA. In addition, epitaxially grown self-assembled InAs/InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) are exploited for the development of large-format FPAs. The Dot-in-a-Well (DWELL) structures were experimentally shown to absorb both 45° and normal incident light, therefore a reflection grating structure was used to enhance the quantum efficiency. The devices exhibit peak responsivity out to 8.1 microns, with peak detectivity reaching ∼ 1 × 1010 Jones at 77 K. The devices were fabricated into the first LWIR 640x512 pixel QDIP FPA, which has produced excellent infrared imagery with NETD of 40 mK at 60K operating temperature.
Medical Countermeasures for Radiation Combined Injury: Radiation with Burn, Blast, Trauma and/or Sepsis. Report of an NIAID Workshop, March 26–27, 2007

Abstract DiCarlo, A. L., Hatchett, R. J., Kaminski, J. M., Ledney, G. D., Pellmar, T. C., Okunieff, P. and Ramakrishnan, N. Medical Countermeasures for Radiation Combined Injury: Radiation with Burn, Blast, Trauma and/or Sepsis. Report of an NIAID Workshop, March 26–27, 2007. Radiat. Res. 169, 712–721 (2008). Non-clinical human radiation exposure events such as the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings or the Chernobyl accident are often coupled with other forms of injury, such as wounds, burns, blunt trauma, and infection. Radiation combined injury would also be expected after a radiological or nuclear attack. Few animal models of radiation combined injury exist, and mechanisms underlying the high mortality associated with complex radiation injuries are poorly understood. Medical countermeasures are currently available for management of the non-radiation components of radiation combined injury, but it is not known whether treatments for other insults will be effective when the injury is combined with radiation...
Wholeߚstream metabolism in two montane streams: Contribution of the hyporheic zone

We used whole-stream and benthic chamber methods to measure rates of metabolism and determine the contribution of the hyporheic zone to ecosystem respiration (R) in two streams with differing surface‐subsurface exchange characteristics, Rio Calaveras and Gallina Creek, New Mexico. We used the difference between whole-stream and benthic R to calculate the rate of hyporheic zone R and coupled this estimate to an independent measure of hyporheic sediment R to estimate the cross-sectional area of the hyporheic zone ( AH) for two reaches from each stream. Conservative tracer injections and solute transport modeling were used to characterize surface‐subsurface hydrologic exchange by determining values of the cross-sectional area of the transient storage zone ( As). The hyporheic zone contributed a substantial proportion of whole-stream R in all four study reaches, ranging from 40 to 93%. Wholestream R, hyporheic R, and percent contribution of hyporheic R all increased as transient storage increased, with whole-stream and hyporheic R exhibiting significant relationships with As. All three measures of respiration and values of AH were much greater for both reaches of the stream with greater surface‐subsurface exchange. AH is valuable for cross-site comparisons because it accounts for differences in rates of both benthic and hyporheic sediment R and can be used to predict the importance of the hyporheic zone to other stream ecosystem processes.
Examining a Family of Movable Wing Tip Strakes Involving Varying Leading Edge Forms and Sweep Angles

[Abstract] The study constitutes an attempt to expand the understanding of an innovative use of a famous concept – the use of movable wing tip strakes - beyond the limited results of a previous exploratory investigation. It is believed that this novel method is significant to the design of airplanes in the future in several areas. Nine different configurations of movable wing tip strakes have been studied in a low speed wind tunnel in combination with a rectangular wing model. The strakes varied in planform shape and they included four half-delta planforms, one planform whose leading edge combined a swept straight line and a curved profile, and four configurations involving cropped double-delta planforms. All nine strakes featured sharp leading edges. The addition of the tip strakes significantly and consistently altered the aerodynamic characteristics of the wing. It has been found that one among the cropped double-delta tip strakes is most effective, in terms of liftto-drag ratios at constant lift, to the other eight configurations, all of them being superior to the baseline wing over significant ranges of angle of attack. The cropped double-delta strake improved the aerodynamic efficiency of the baseline wing over a substantial range of moderate angles of attack by as much as 26 percent at the neutral setting. When deflected relative to the main wing, in the negative or positive sense, the strake improved the wing aerodynamic efficiency at higher or lower angles of attack, respectively.
Optical probing of laser-produced plasmas for laboratory simulations of magnetic astrophysical jets

We investigate laboratory simulations of magnetic astrophysical jets using optical probing. We have observed differences in laser-produced plasmas with and without a magnetic field using interferometric measurements.
Effects of flood frequency and duration on the allometry of community-level stem size-density distributions in a floodplain forest.

 Premise of the study: Consistent with the self-thinning law of plant population ecology, Niklas et al. in 2003 proposed that stem sizedensity distributions (SDDs) of multispecies forest communities should change in very predictable ways as a function of the effects of past disturbances on average tree size. To date, empirical tests of this hypothesis have not been pursued in flsettings.  Methods: SDDs were constructed using tree stem-size and density data from forest plots positioned along a fl ood frequency and duration gradient in the Upper Mississippi River fl oodplain.  Key Results: As fl ooding (both frequency and duration) increased, several small tree species were eliminated from forest plots and the persistent species increased in their size. Consistent with the predictions of Niklas et al., these changes corresponded with overall decreases in stem density, increases in average stem size, and reductions in both the Y-intercept and slope terms of the community-level SDDs.  Conclusions: This study adds to a growing list of examples suggesting that theories related to forest community composition and biomass must account for both the broader effects of disturbances as well as the underlying biochemical processes that regulate plant growth. Further study is needed to fully address the role different disturbance frequencies play in determining plant density, diversity, average size, and associated size\frequency distributions.
Patient communication skills raining for improved communication competence in the primary care medical consultation

Abstract Although considerable attention has been given to doctor‐patient communication over the last 20 years, relatively little research has emphasized the role of patients’ communication skills. This research extended the modest work in patient communication skills training by (a) employing a more sophisticated definition of question‐asking than has been used in previous studies, and (b) expanding training to include information‐verifying skills. The results indicate that the training procedure enhanced patients’: information seeking in the form of direct and indirect questions, comprehension‐checking utterances, the amount and effectiveness of obtained information, and recall of information. These results are discussed in terms of previous and future research into patient training in communication skills, and implications for practice.
Integrin β3 Phosphorylation Dictates Its Complex with the Shc Phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) Domain

Adaptor protein Shc plays a key role in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which can be mediated through a number of different receptors including integrins. By specifically recognizing the tyrosine-phosphorylated integrin β3, Shc has been shown to trigger integrin outside-in signaling, although the structural basis of this interaction remains nebulous. Here we present the detailed structural analysis of Shc phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain in complex with the bi-phosphorylated β3integrin cytoplasmic tail (CT). We show that this complex is primarily defined by the phosphorylation state of the integrin C-terminal Tyr759, which fits neatly into the classical PTB pocket of Shc. In addition, we have identified a novel binding interface which concurrently accommodates phosphorylated Tyr747 of the highly conserved NPXY motif of β3. The structure represents the first snapshot of an integrin cytoplasmic tail bound to a target for mediating the outside-in signaling. Detailed comparison with the known Shc PTB structure bound to a target TrkA peptide revealed some significant differences, which shed new light upon the PTB domain specificity.
Randomized trial comparing mindfulness training for smokers to a matched control

Abstract Smoking continues to take an enormous toll on society, and although most smokers would like to quit, most are unsuccessful using existing therapies. These findings call on researchers to develop and test therapies that provide higher rates of long-term smoking abstinence. We report results of a randomized controlled trial comparing a novel smoking cessation treatment using mindfulness training to a matched control based on the American Lung Association's Freedom From Smoking program. Data were collected on 175 low socioeconomic status smokers in 2011–2012 in a medium sized midwestern city. A significant difference was not found in the primary outcome; intent-to-treat biochemically confirmed 6-month smoking abstinence rates were mindfulness=25.0%, control=17.9% ( p =0.35). Differences favoring the mindfulness condition were found on measures of urges and changes in mindfulness, perceived stress, and experiential avoidance. While no significant differences were found in quit rates, the mindfulness intervention resulted in positive outcomes.
Pairwise statistical significance of local sequence alignment using multiple parameter sets

Accurate estimation of statistical significance of a pairwise alignment is an important problem in sequence comparison. Recently, a comparative study of pairwise statistical significance with database statistical significance was conducted. In this paper, we extend the earlier work on pairwise statistical significance by incorporating with it the use of multiple parameter sets. Preliminary results for a knowledge discovery application such as homology detection reveal that using multiple parameter sets for pairwise statistical significance estimates gives significantly better coverage than using a single parameter set, at least at some error levels. Also, the fact that the performance does not degrade when using multiple parameter sets is a strong evidence that the assumption that the score distribution follows an extreme value distribution is valid even when using multiple parameter sets. Results of pairwise statistical significance using multiple parameter sets are further shown to be significantly better than database statistical significance estimates reported by BLAST and PSI-BLAST, and comparable and at times significantly better than SSEARCH.
Complementary and Integrative Treatments: Upper Respiratory Infection

The combination of nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, cough, and malaise is the symptomatic profile that constitutes an uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection (URI), also known as the common cold. Because no known cure exists for a URI, numerous products are available, each marketed with the promise of alleviating the associated symptoms and/or shortening the duration of illness. The evidence supporting these claims is variable and is the focus of this article, with an emphasis on complementary and integrative therapies.
Ruthenium(II), Tris(2,2′‐bipyridine‐κN1,κN1′)‐, (OC‐6‐11)‐

[14323-06-9] Ruthenium(II), tris(2,2′-bipyridine-κN1, κN1′),1 chloride(1:2), (OC-6-11)-C30H24N6RuCl2 (MW 640.53) InChI = 1S/3C10H8N2.2ClH.Ru/c3*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;;;/h3*1-8H;2*1H;/q;;;;;+2/p-2 InChIKey = SJFYGUKHUNLZTK-UHFFFAOYSA-L (cation) [15158-62-0] InChI = 1S/3C10H8N2.Ru/c3*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;/h3*1-8H;/q;;;+2 InChIKey = HNVRWFFXWFXICS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (PF6 complex) [60804-74-2] InChI = S/3C10H8N2.2F6P.Ru/c3*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;2*1-7(2,3,4,5)6;/h3*1-8H;;;/q;;;2*-1;+2 InChIKey = KLDYQWXVZLHTKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N (chloride hydrate) [50525-27-4] InChI = 1S/3C10H8N2.2ClH.6H2O.Ru/c3*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;;;;;;;;;/h3*1-8H;2*1H;6*1H2;/q;;;;;;;;;;;+2/p-2 InChIKey = WHELTKFSBJNBMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L (perchlorate) [15635-95-7] InChI = S/3C10H8N2.2ClHO4.Ru/c3*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;2*2-1(3,4)5;/h3*1-8H;2*(H,2,3,4,5);/q;;;;;+2/p-2 InChIKey = BXKPAPTYLLPPEO-UHFFFAOYSA-L (BF4 complex) [63950-81-2] InChI = 1S/3C10H8N2.2BF4.Ru/c3*1-3-7-11-9(5-1)10-6-2-4-8-12-10;2*2-1(3,4)5;/h3*1-8H;;;/q;;;2*-1;+2 InChIKey = GWPUNVSVEJLECO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (visible light-active catalyst used in single-electron transfer reductions and oxidations1) Alternate Names: [Ru(bpy)3]2+, Ruthenium-tris(2,2′-bipyridyl). Physical Data: λmax = 452 nm, redox potentials2 (vs. SCE, saturated calomel electrode, as 0 V in CH3CN); −0.86 V (RuIII /RuII*), 1.29 V (RuIII/RuII), 0.84 V (RuII*/RuI), and −1.33 (RuII/RuI). Solubility: for X = Cl, sol in H2O, CH3OH, CH3CN, DMF, and DMSO; insoluble in nonpolar, aprotic solvents; for X = PF6, sol in CH3CN, acetone, DMF, and DMSO; insoluble in H2O. Form Supplied in: the dichloride is commercially available from Strem Chemicals, Inc. and Sigma-Aldrich as the hexahydrate. [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complexes appear as red to orange crystals or powder. Preparation Methods: for X = PF6, the catalyst is prepared from RuCl3, 2,2′-bipyridine, and NH4PF6 in EtOH.3 Purification: recrystallized in boiling H2O. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: containers should be stored under nitrogen atmosphere in the dark. Keep away from strong oxidizing agents. Upon visible light excitation of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine), the resulting metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state species, *[Ru(bpy)3]2+, can be reductively or oxidatively quenched with the appropriate single-electron donor or acceptor, respectively. Reductive quenching of the excited state forms [Ru(bpy)3]+, which then performs a single-electron reduction to regenerate [Ru(bpy)3]2+. Alternatively, oxidative quenching forms [Ru(bpy)3]3+ , which then oxidizes a suitable donor to regenerate ground state [Ru(bpy)3]2+.
Effects of GF-120 Fruit Fly Bait Concentrations on Attraction, Feeding, Mortality, and Control of Rhagoletis indifferens (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Effects of different concentrations of GF-120 NF Naturalyte Fruit Fly Bait on attraction and feeding responses, mortality, and control of the western cherry fruit fly, Rhagoletis indifferens Curran, were determined. In the laboratory, flies that had been exposed to sugar and yeast extract and then deprived of all food for 16-20 h were attracted to 40.0% GF-120, but not to 0.6 and 4.8% GF-120 (vol:vol). Nonstarved flies were not attracted to any concentration. Flies in the field were not attracted to 55.6% GF-120 on cherry leaves, and few flies fed on the bait. In the laboratory, males fed for shorter durations on and ingested lower amounts of 0.6% than 4.8 or 40.0% GF-120, but females fed equally on all concentrations. Spinosad in GF-120 was highly toxic to flies. Lethal concentrations50 (LC50 values) of spinosad for starved flies at 1-4 d were 1.5-0.7 ppm. When gravid flies were exposed to cherries treated with 0.6, 4.8, and 40.0% GF-120, mortality was greater at each higher concentration, but none prevented oviposition. Field spray tests comparing 0.6, 4.8, and 40.0% GF-120 in 225 ml of spray per cherry tree resulted in 79-94% lower larval infestations than in controls, but no differences were seen among the concentrations. Evidence from this study indicates that fresh 40.0% GF-120 was attractive in the laboratory but that flies were not attracted to fresh GF-120 from far distances within trees, suggesting that suppression of populations is caused in large part by flies finding the bait through normal movement over large areas.
Winning the war against ICU-acquired weakness: new innovations in nutrition and exercise physiology

Over the last 10 years we have significantly reduced hospital mortality from sepsis and critical illness. However, the evidence reveals that over the same period we have tripled the number of patients being sent to rehabilitation settings. Further, given that as many as half of the deaths in the first year following ICU admission occur post ICU discharge, it is unclear how many of these patients ever returned home. For those who do survive, the latest data indicate that 50-70% of ICU "survivors" will suffer cognitive impairment and 60-80% of "survivors" will suffer functional impairment or ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW). These observations demand that we as intensive care providers ask the following questions: "Are we creating survivors ... or are we creating victims?" and "Do we accomplish 'Pyrrhic Victories' in the ICU?" Interventions to address ICU-AW must have a renewed focus on optimal nutrition, anabolic/anticatabolic strategies, and in the future employ the personalized muscle and exercise evaluation techniques utilized by elite athletes to optimize performance. Specifically, strategies must include optimal protein delivery (1.2-2.0 g/kg/day), as an athlete would routinely employ. However, as is clear in elite sports performance, optimal nutrition is fundamental but alone is often not enough. We know burn patients can remain catabolic for 2 years post burn; thus, anticatabolic agents (i.e., beta-blockers) and anabolic agents (i.e., oxandrolone) will probably also be essential. In the near future, evaluation techniques such as assessing lean body mass at the bedside using ultrasound to determine nutritional status and ultrasound-measured muscle glycogen as a marker of muscle injury and recovery could be utilized to help find the transition from the acute phase of critical illness to the recovery phase. Finally, exercise physiology testing that evaluates muscle substrate utilization during exercise can be used to diagnose muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and to guide a personalized ideal heart rate, assisting in recovery of muscle mitochondrial function and functional endurance post ICU. In the end, future ICU-AW research must focus on using a combination of modern performance-enhancing nutrition, anticatabolic/anabolic interventions, and muscle/exercise testing so we can begin to create more "survivors" and fewer victims post ICU care.
Understanding respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine development and aspects of disease pathogenesis

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infections causing bronchiolitis and some mortality in young children and the elderly. Despite decades of research there is no licensed RSV vaccine. Although significant advances have been made in understanding the immune factors responsible for inducing vaccine-enhanced disease in animal models, less information is available for humans. In this review, we discuss the different types of RSV vaccines and their target population, the need for establishing immune correlates for vaccine efficacy, and how the use of different animal models can help predict vaccine efficacy and clinical outcomes in humans.
A critical look at prevention: Colorectal cancer screening

This case-colorectal cancer screening-is one of a series of teaching cases in the Case-Based Series in Population-Oriented Prevention (C-POP). It has been developed for use in medical school and residency prevention curricula. The complete set of cases is presented in this supplement to the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. This preventive medicine teaching case discusses the concepts of diagnostic test evaluation, prevention, and screening using the example of colorectal cancer screening. Features of the case include a health policy exercise concerning community screening programs and an exercise in clinical prevention decision making.
Transmitter and Receiver Architectures

This chapter contains sections titled: A Third Method of Generation and Detection of Single-Sideband Signals The Phasing Method for Sideband Selection in Broadcast Receivers FM Receivers for Mono and Stereo on a Single Chip Advanced Low Voltage Single Chip Radio IC Fully Integrated Radio Paging Receiver A Single-Chip VHF and UHF Receiver for Radio Paging Linear Transceiver Architectures Direct Conversion Transceiver Design for Compact Low-Cost Portable Mobile Radio Terminals A New Incoherent Direct Conversion Receiver Personal Communications Transceiver Architectures for Monolithic Integration An All-CMOS Architecture for a Low-Power Frequency-Hopped 900 MHz Spread Spectrum Transceiver Spread-Spectrum Technology for Commercial Applications Direct-Conversion Radio Transceivers for Digital Communications A New Radio Receiver System for Personal Communications
Museum Activism Against Military Sexual Slavery

There has been political tension in East Asia over Japan's avoidance of facing its history of imperial expansion and wartime atrocities. Peace museums have been battlefields for the debate on how to remember the war. One of the fiercest battles has been fought at the Women's Active Museum on War and Peace, known as the WAM, which focuses on the issue of “military comfort women,” those forced to offer sexual service to Japanese soldiers during the Asia–Pacific War. The WAM has been leading political activism against right-wing nationalists who deny the history of military sexual slavery. I examine museum activism at the WAM, delving into specific strategies for educating and politicizing visitors. I argue that it takes advantage of the museum's two roles as temple and forum. I also want to show that the WAM is collaborative in every aspect of museum creation and operation: finance, collections, archives, research, displays, and education.
Taxonomic Implications of Doryline Worker Ant Morphology: Cheliomyrmex morosus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The external and internal morphology of the worker caste of the doryline ant C. morosus (F. Smith) is described, and the taxonomic implications of this morphology for the tribes that compose the subfamily Dorylinae are discussed. Doryline worker ant characteristics of value to phylogenetic and taxonomic interpretation include thoracic suturing, mouthpart morphology and sting apparatus anatomy. Condition of the central nervous system, in particular the number of ganglia present, may also prove useful. Other characteristics such as head configuration, general habitus, Malpighian tubule numbers, and ovarian structure are correlated with worker ant size and difficult to interpret when comparing polymorphic species. A comparative analysis of the characteristics determined to be important as phylogenetic indicators point to a triphyletic origin for the Dorylinae. The tribes Ecitonini and Cheliomyrmecini comprise one lineage, the Dorylini a second, and the Aenictini a third.
Nonaqueous Suspension Properties of Al 2 O 3 and Silicate Glass Powders

Colloidal suspensions prepared with nonaqueous liquids are important in ceramic processing operations such as tape casting, slip casting, etc. [1,2]. However, investigations of the properties of such suspensions are limited. In the present work, the suspension behavior of Al 2 O 3 and silicate glass powders was studied using two nonaqueous liquids – methanol (MEOH) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). Rheological, sedimentation, and electrokinetic properties were determined for various mixed liquid ratios. The effect of polyvinyl butyral resin, a polymeric binder, on silicate glass suspension properties was also investigated.
Nuclear Technology, Multipolarity, and International Stability

Traditional theory of international politics maintains that, other things being equal, a multipolar balance-of-power system. Arms-control theory, on the other hand, generally contends that an increase in independent nuclear powers is a direct threat to the stability of the international system. is more stable than a bipolar system. A bipolar nuclear deterrent relationship is believed to be inherently more stable than one in which equilibrium is maintained among several nuclear powers in independent or alliance relationships. Though the relatively greater stability of a bipolar system may be preferred, its stability is, nevertheless, contingent. Maintaining the stability of mutual nuclear deterrence while restraining aggression is the primary goal of arms control.
Corrections to Report of a Trial of Burch Colposuspension

To the Editor: On the basis of a report of an investigator who was using the public data set to replicate our reported data, we identified a coding error related to the urinary stress test used in our trial. We report corrections related to our original research article (April 13, 2006, issue).1 The overall conclusions of the trial remain supported by the corrected percentages, which are as follows: 3 months after surgery, 33.6% of the women in the Burch group and 57.4% of the women in the control group met one or more of the criteria for stress incontinence (P<0.001). . . .
The Riches-Cannieu Anastomosis

ABSTRACTThe ability to recognize anomalies and understand their effect on the interpretation of routine electrophysiologic studies is an important part of the training process in electromyography. By applying many of these same principles we can also feel more comfortable with less common and less well understood anomalies such as the Riches-Cannieu anastomosis. Sometimes referred to as the “all ulnar hand”, this rare anomaly may introduce confusion in interpretation of data especially if it is not clinically relevant to the patient's symptoms. I present the technical and clinical aspects of a patient with an incidental Riches-Cannieu anastomosis. The possible anatomical origin of its axons and the electrophysiological differences between the Riches-Cannieu and another rare anomaly, a crossover in the forearm from the ulnar to median nerves, are explored.
High-performance multiplexed fluorescence in situ hybridization in culture and tissue with matrix imprinting and clearing

Highly multiplexed single-molecule FISH has emerged as a promising approach to spatially resolved single-cell transcriptomics because of its ability to directly image and profile numerous RNA species in their native cellular context. However, background-from off-target binding of FISH probes and cellular autofluorescence-can become limiting in a number of important applications, such as increasing the degree of multiplexing, imaging shorter RNAs, and imaging tissue samples. Here, we developed a sample clearing approach for FISH measurements. We identified off-target binding of FISH probes to cellular components other than RNA, such as proteins, as a major source of background. To remove this source of background, we embedded samples in polyacrylamide, anchored RNAs to this polyacrylamide matrix, and cleared cellular proteins and lipids, which are also sources of autofluorescence. To demonstrate the efficacy of this approach, we measured the copy number of 130 RNA species in cleared samples using multiplexed error-robust FISH (MERFISH). We observed a reduction both in the background because of off-target probe binding and in the cellular autofluorescence without detectable loss in RNA. This process led to an improved detection efficiency and detection limit of MERFISH, and an increased measurement throughput via extension of MERFISH into four color channels. We further demonstrated MERFISH measurements of complex tissue samples from the mouse brain using this matrix-imprinting and -clearing approach. We envision that this method will improve the performance of a wide range of in situ hybridization-based techniques in both cell culture and tissues.
Parikh’s Closing Remarks

This is a survey of my research career which began in 1960 and is still going on. During these years I have traveled from context free languages and recursion theory to social software, via non-standard analysis, Dynamic Logic, and other areas. Many people, some of them famous, have influenced me as have my students. My deep appreciation to all for the influence they have had on my work.
Intermediate disturbance and patterns of species richness

AbstractThe intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH) predicts highest species diversity in environments experiencing intermediate intensity disturbance, after an intermediate timespan. Because many landscapes comprise mosaics with complex disturbance histories, the theory implies that each patch in those mosaics should have a distinct level of diversity reflecting the magnitude of disturbance and the time since it occurred. We model changing patterns of species richness across a landscape experiencing varied scenarios of simulated disturbance in order to predict first the variation of richness through time in individual patches, based on their disturbance histories, and then the changing patterns of richness across the landscape through time, representing the cumulative impact of changing richness within the individual patches. Model outputs show that individual landscape patches have highly variable species richness through time, with the trajectory reflecting the timing, intensity and sequence of distu...
Abstract 21359: Safety of Repeat Radiofrequency Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Moderate Pulmonary Vein Stenosis

Introduction: Radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA), an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF), is rarely complicated by severe pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) requiring intervention. We ...
Orthoptic Treatment of Convergence Insufficiency: A Two Year Follow-up Report

One theory of the etiology of convergence insufficiency is the presence of an underlying low AC/A ratio. In this study there were 207 patients with varying degrees of exophoria, but all with typica...
Opening the silvicultural toolbox: A new framework for conserving biodiversity in Chilean timber plantations

Abstract Intensively managed timber plantations represent 7% of global forest cover and may partially compensate for deforestation-related biodiversity loss, yet are often criticized as ‘green deserts’ which support limited biodiversity. Growing concerns about the environmental impact of plantations in Chile have prompted numerous calls for a new forestry paradigm. Here, we systematically review the literature on biodiversity maintenance or loss in Chilean timber plantations and outline a new framework for biodiversity conservation therein, envisioning plantations as potential habitat that can be improved through informed management. Our review (N = 67 relevant publications) shows a strong taxonomic bias towards plants, mammals, birds, and invertebrates, as well as biases in the age and species composition of plantations studied. Most studies (78%) examined Pinus radiata plantations, 48% examined mature stands, and 46% did not specify stand age. Research to date is difficult to translate into conservation policy, since most studies simply compare biodiversity within versus outside of plantations, and do not evaluate alternative management options. To better inform conservation, we identify six critical stages of plantation development during which management decisions may greatly influence biodiversity outcomes. Within each stage we discuss the effects of specific management practices on Chilean biodiversity, highlighting opportunities and key knowledge gaps. Strategies which promote structural complexity, understory cover, and landscape connectivity should help convert plantations into a less hostile matrix that provides adequate habitat for substantial native biodiversity. Given the global proliferation of plantations and their consequences for biodiversity, similar studies are needed in multiple regions of the world.
Women, Reform, and Medical Leadership

Tribute is due to many courageous women who graduated from the homeopathic system. Clemence Lozier established the first women’s medical school. Several graduates, such as Anna Shaw, became involved in the suffrage movement. Others improved professional opportunities for women in medicine, including Emily Stowe and Maria Estrella; Laura Towne, Susan McKinney Steward, and Martha Ripley fought for better health for women and blacks. In Boston, Harriet Clisby set up the Women’s Educational and Industrial Union (WEIU) which attained stature nationally for its welfare programs. Julia Holmes Smith and Leila Bedell introduced reforms for women in the Chicago. Others were innovators in particular treatments such as twilight sleep.
Savings, Marriage, and Work-in-Household

In this chapter saving rates are modeled as depending on intra-marriage financial distributions among spouses acting as independent decision-makers. Such distributions could be compensations for Work-In-Household (WiHo, see Chap. 2) supplied by one spouse and of value to the other. In the context of traditional gender roles an inter-temporal overlapping-generations model of individual behavior implies higher saving rates by young (pre-marriage) men than by young women. The opposite is predicted regarding the saving rates of married women relative to those of married men. This model potentially helps explain some cross-country variation in gender differentials in savings behavior. Furthermore, higher sex ratios are expected to be associated with higher savings rates among young unmarried men and lower savings among young women, while the opposite will hold for married men and women. Savings rates are also expected to be associated with combinations (matchings) of traits of husbands and wives, such as age and health. The higher the expected intra-marriage distribution the more WiHo-workers will earn in marriage and the more they will save as a proportion of their earned income. The opposite holds for WiHo-users. Whether a society allows polygamy can also help explain savings.
Pathways for Balancing Exploration and Exploitation in Innovations: A Review and Expansion of Ambidexterity Theory

Organizational research describes the inherent tension between innovation, as a means to adapt to environmental change, and continuing to do what one does well and what current customers appreciate...