cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity and Hematological Cancer Survivorship

As previously presented in other chapters of this book, exercise has been shown through large scale studies to be associated with significant improvements in physical and psychological parameters in patients with one of several different tumor types (Galvao et al. 2010; Schwartz and Winters-Stone 2009; Galvao et al. 2009; Segal et al. 2009; Courneya et al. 2008a, b; Ligibel et al. 2008; Courneya et al. 2007; Schmitz et al. 2005a; Fairey et al. 2005). In addition, well conducted systematic reviews of the literature that have explored the effects of exercise before, during, or after anticancer therapy have consistently shown positive outcomes to patients treated for solid tumors. Consistent findings include an overall reduction in fatigue, depression, anxiety, and distress, paired with positive changes in fitness parameters such as aerobic capacity and overall muscle function (Speck et al. 2010; Jones et al. 2006; McNeely et al. 2006; Markes et al. 2006; Schmitz et al. 2005; Galvao and Newton 2005). However, a relative paucity of data exists in the area of exercise interventions for adult patients with hematological malignancies. This chapter reviews the current literature regarding the administration of exercise in adult patients diagnosed with hematological cancer. The few exercise intervention studies conducted in patients with hematological cancers suggest that it is feasible to administer exercise to most patients and that exercise should be considered as an intervention to alleviate treatment-related symptoms. Yet, efficacy along with the appropriate mode, intensity, and frequency of exercise training in different types of hematological cancers are yet to be established and require further research.
The CFO and Financial Structure

No responsibility is clearer than the CFO's choice of the firm's financial structure, and yet no task is so complicated, and has so little helpful advice offered by academia. In fact, a theory of optimal capital structure remains of the great unsolved problems of modern corporate finance. However, academia is on the verge of a breakthrough in this classic question. This article begins by describing the commplexity of the problem, the history of thought about it starting with the Nobel prize-winning work of Merton Miller and Franco Modigliani, recent thinking particularly by Hayne Leland, where the field is headed, and what take-aways there are for CFO's.
The persistence of transgender travel narratives

The text above sits on the front page of an English language website called tsroadmap.com. Created by Los Angeles-based trans woman Andrea James, TS Roadmap oﬀers free advice, information and resources for transsexual women who are “on the road” to gender transition. Thorough, sensible and clear, the site details every aspect of gender transition for trans women, from book lists to information about standards of therapeutic care, physical and mental transformation, legal issues, sexuality and more. Of course, the process may diﬀer for each individual: “Because of all the variables in transition,” James continues:your journey will be unlike anyone else’s. Some people want to get to their destination in a big hurry on the fastest route they can ﬁnd, even if it’s not the safest and is a steeper climb. Others want a slow, smooth road they can take cautiously. I’ve tried to discuss as many of these roads as possible. There is no right way or proper path, either. Everyone has a diﬀerent destination, diﬀerent timetable, diﬀerent resources available to get there.
Amino Acids in Planktonic Foraminifera: Are They Phylogenetically Useful?

Planktonic foraminiferal amino acid profiles from deep-sea core samples spanning over 3 million years and three ocean basins show that intra-specific variability, although increasing with sample age, is less than inter-specific variability. Profiles are not specific at the level of morphotype for the species examined. Thus, these profiles are useful for grouping morphotypes at a given time slice into species, and for tracing these species through time.
Gendering the Migrant Labor Body: A Comparative Study of the Punishment of Namibia's Migrant Labor Force, 1915-1975

As the predominant mode of labor organization during South Africas rule in Namibia, the territorys migrant labor system revolutionized the economic, political and social lives of the thousands of young men who migrated from northern Namibia into work on the white-owned farms and mines in the south. As my paper argues, these journeys were intimately gendered, not only through the labor recruitment process, which classified men based on physical characteristics that determined the amount of money they would earn, but also in the disciplining of the labor force by the white judicial system. In labor centers throughout the country, thousands of migrant workers were fined, imprisoned, and whipped for violating the central provisions of the infamous 1920 Masters & Servants Act. Based on my research into the criminal records of the towns of Keetmanshoop and Tsumeb, I demonstrate that farm workers were whipped much more frequently than miners, even though the latter constituted a more dangerous opposition to white economic domination. Such discrepancies in punitive practice not only shaped the experience of migrant workers in the southern labor centers, they also informed understandings of masculinity that would impact gendered constructions of power back home in the north.
Admission and treatment factors associated with the duration of acidosis in children with diabetic ketoacidosis.

BACKGROUND Our goal was to determine the factors associated with prolonged acidosis in children with diabetic ketoacidosis. METHOD The records of all children (109 admissions, 86 patients) admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) during a 3-year period with the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis were analyzed. RESULTS The charts were reviewed after institutional review board approval was obtained. Demographic and serial laboratory data, time to correction of acidosis, as well as the first 24-hour chloride load, total fluid administered, fluid balance, and PICU and hospital lengths of stay were recorded. The anion gap (AG = Na - Cl - HCO(3)) and the delta gap (DG = AG - 12 - [24 - HCO(3)]) were calculated. Prolonged acidosis (HCO(3) < 15 mEq/L at 24 hours) was analyzed against various independent factors on admission and during therapy. Low Na (128 vs 133 mEq/L), HCO3 (4.7 vs 9.5 mEq/L), DG (-6.3 vs -2.8 mEq/L), pH (6.97 vs 7.16), PaCO(2) (15 vs 23 mm Hg), and base excess (-26 vs -18) as well as high chloride load (17 vs 11 mEq/kg per 24 hours) were associated with prolonged acidosis (t test, P < 0.05). Stepwise logistic regression eliminated all except base excess and DG in the model. Children with prolonged acidosis had longer PICU (45 vs 34 hours) and hospital stays (5.5 vs 2.5 days) (P < 0.05). The AG was normal in all cases at 24 hours. There were no deaths. CONCLUSIONS Nongap acidosis was present in many children with prolonged metabolic acidosis. We suggest that a continuous acetate or bicarbonate therapy via maintenance fluid might be beneficial in this subgroup of patients.
American Academic Ethics and Social Research Abroad: The Lesson of Project Camelot

American sociai science is in a crisis of ethics. Certainly, how? ever, "American sociai science"?whatever that amorphous corpora? tion may be?is not broadly aware of any particular problem, or that its motives, techniques, and practitioners are falling into disrepute in many parts of the emergent world. Latin America, the most developed of the underdeveloped, is appropriately the scene of a confrontation putting into question the honesty, decency, and even simple competence not only of all of us engaged in that area but also of students of all our disciplines wherever they may work. The crisis, long recognized as latent by sensitive observers, has now passed into an acute stage. At this moment, not a single survey research study can be done in Chile. Throughout Latin America quantitative studies have halted or been impeded, and all scholars, whether in teaching or research, find their actions questioned in direct correlation with the sophistication of the persons with whom they deal.
Investigation on the effect of breast feeding time on physical development in one month infants

Objective To investigation on the effect of breast feeding time on physical development in one month infants.Methods 252 health full-term neonates which were born during 2004 and 2006 were chosen.Who were born in 2004～2006 to carry on the comparison.Their breast feeding time and physical development were compared from birth to one month old,and the morbidity of hyperbilirubinemia and hypoglycemia were investigated at the same time.Results The neonates breast fed with 13 to 15 times per day are obviously superior to those breast fed less than 10 times in the weight and height(P0.05),and their morbidity of hyperbilirubinemia and hypoglycemia were lower either(P0.05).Conclusion Increasing the feeding time properly can improve the physical development and reduce the morbidity of hyperbilirubinemia and hypoglycemia in neonates.
Facile Hydrothermal Synthesis of Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) as Advanced Electrodes for Super Capacitors Applications

A facile hydrothermal method was used to synthesize molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) microspheres. The effect of hydrothermal reaction time on morphology and electrochemical properties of MoS2 microspheres was evaluated. X-ray diffraction showed presence of crystalline MoS2 structure, where content of crystalline phase was observed to increase with hydrothermal reaction time. Electrochemical properties of MoS2 were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge in 3M KOH solution. Specific capacitance of nanostructured MoS2 was observed to be between 68 F/g and 346 F/g at different scan rates along with excellent cyclic stability. High power density (~1200 W/kg) and energy density (~5 Wh/kg) was observed for MoS2 sample synthesized for 24 hours of hydrothermal reaction time. Overall optimal electrocapactive performance was observed for sample prepared for 24 hours of reaction time. It is demonstrated that the obtained MoS2 microspheres with three-dimensional architecture has excellent electrochemical performances as electrode materials for supercapacitor applications.
Intermittent entrapment of choroid plexus in ventricular catheter

Abstract Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement remains the primary treatment option for most cases of pediatric hydrocephalus. However, these devices have a relatively high complication with malfunction commonly attributed to proximal catheter occlusion. Factors augmenting shunt malfunction include infection, valve failure, proximal or distal catheter obstruction, distal catheter migration, shunt disconnection. In this case report, we describe the perioperative course of a neonate with communicating hydrocephalus who required a VP shunt, with real time sonographic documentation of the transient occlusion of the ventricular catheter tip by choroid plexus immediately after surgery.
Is Full Day Better Than Half Day? A Propensity Score Analysis of the Association Between Head Start Program Intensity and Children’s School Performance in Kindergarten

ABSTRACTResearch Findings: This study used data from a national sample to examine differences in school outcomes at the end of kindergarten between Head Start children who attended full-day and half-day programs. Propensity scores were used to match children who experienced different intensities of the program on a series of demographic characteristics in order to achieve a more unbiased estimation of the intensity effect. Analyses were performed on 2 different age cohorts: 3-year-olds who enrolled in the program for 2 years and 4-year-olds who enrolled in the program for 1 year. The results showed that in comparison to a demographically comparable group of children who attended the Head Start half-day program, children who experienced the more intensive full-day program showed no significant differences on any of the 5 academic and social outcome measures examined. Practice or Policy: Policy and practice implications, as well as future research ideas, are discussed within this context.
Two-stage detection of north Atlantic right whale upcalls using local binary patterns and machine learning algorithms

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of two-stage classification strategies in detecting north Atlantic right whale upcalls. Time-frequency measurements of data from passive acoustic monitoring devices are evaluated as images. Vocalization spectrograms are preprocessed for noise reduction and tone removal. First stage of the algorithm eliminates non-upcalls by an energy detection algorithm. In the second stage, two sets of features are extracted from the remaining signals using contour-based and texture based methods. The former is based on extraction of time–frequency features from upcall contours, and the latter employs a Local Binary Pattern operator to extract distinguishing texture features of the upcalls. Subsequently evaluation phase is carried out by using several classifiers to assess the effectiveness of both the contour-based and texture-based features for upcall detection. Comparing ROC curves of machine learning algorithms obtained from Cornell University’s dataset reveals that LBP features improved performance accuracy up to 43% over time–frequency features. Classifiers such as the Linear Discriminant Analysis, Support Vector Machine, and TreeBagger achieve highest upcall detection rates with LBP features.
Laser-induced thermal ablation of cancerous cell organelles

Aim: By exploiting the physical changes experienced by cancerous organelles, we investigate the feasibility of destroying cancerous cells by single and multipulse modes of laser heating. Materials & methods: Our procedure consists of two primary steps: determining the normal and cancerous organelles optical properties and simulating the heating of all of the major organelles in the cell to find the treatment modes for the laser ablation of cancerous organelles without harming healthy cells. Results & conclusion: Our simulations show that the cancerous nucleus can be selectively heated to damaging temperatures, making this nucleus a feasible therapeutic particle and removing the need for nanoparticle injection. Because of the removal of this extra step, the procedure we propose is simpler and safer for the patient.
Mandatory Influenza Vaccination of Healthcare Personnel

Healthcare-associated transmission of influenza has been documented in many different patient populations and clinical settings. In many of these outbreaks, infections occurred in unvaccinated healthcare personnel (HCP), and HCP were linked epidemiologically to further transmission of influenza. To prevent spread of influenza in healthcare settings, a multifaceted approach is needed. This includes appropriate isolation of infected patients, high patient vaccination rates, and dedication to basic infection prevention measures such as handwashing, restriction of ill visitors and HCP, and respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette. While these practices seem to be well supported, other strategies such as mandatory vaccination of HCPs as a condition of employment, have been more controversial. This review will discuss some of the controversial aspects of mandating influenza vaccines for HCP by addressing frequently cited reasons for rejection of such policies,
Early Colonial Site in Connecticut

An early colonial farmstead in Connecticut was constructed in an area of rich farmland, surrounded on the north and south by rocky and swampy ground. The environmental features of this area were identified in some small excavations, and also by a comparison and correlation to GPR reflection profiles and magnetic readings across a large buried landscape. The individual geological units that allowed for a regional environmental landscape analysis could be defined in the GPR profiles with direct comparison to magnetic readings. The colonists built four houses with distinct cellars in one cluster of the study area, which are readily defined with GPR as incisions into the ground filled with sand and silt. To the south and north of the settlement was an environment that was less conducive for farming and Native American houses were discovered there using the GPR amplitude maps and reflection profiles. One of those native houses had been burned, and was readily interpreted using the magnetic maps superimposed on the GPR maps. It appears that from the geophysical mapping and some excavations that native people and colonists from England lived in close proximity to each other, but preferred different areas of the landscape for their houses, perhaps because of the resources they hunted, gathered or farmed.
A Terahertz-Transparent Electrochemical Cell for In Situ Terahertz Spectroelectrochemistry

Terahertz spectroscopy is broadly applicable for the study of a wide variety of materials, but spectroelectrochemistry has not been performed in the THz range because of the lack of a THz-transparent electrochemical cell. While THz-transparent electrodes do exist, they have never been utilized in a complete three-electrode cell, which is the configuration required for accurate potential control in aqueous media. We have designed and constructed a THz-transparent three-electrode electrochemical cell and have performed THz spectroelectrochemistry of a SnO2 thin film. The cell utilizes a custom-made reference electrode and tubing which allows the composition of electrolyte to be changed during an experiment. THz spectroelectrochemical measurements show a decrease in THz transmission at potentials where SnO2 conduction band states are potentiostatically filled. We also describe a simple method for measuring the uncompensated resistance and RC time constant.
CRT-100.21 Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Guideline Directed Interventions Among Patients Admitted With Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample 2012-2014

Studies have shown that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) less frequently receive guideline-directed interventions for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) as compared to patients without CKD. The objective of this study is to assess utilization of guideline-directed
Improving eukaryotic genome annotation using single molecule mRNA sequencing

The advantages of Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technology include long reads, low systematic bias, and high consensus read accuracy. Here we use these attributes to improve on the genome annotation of the parasitic hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum using PacBio RNA-Seq. We sequenced 192,888 circular consensus sequences (CCS) derived from cDNAs generated using the CloneTech SMARTer system. These SMARTer-SMRT libraries were normalized and size-selected providing a robust population of expressed structural genes for subsequent genome annotation. We demonstrate PacBio mRNA sequences based genome annotation improvement, compared to genome annotation using conventional sequencing-by-synthesis alone, by identifying 1609 (9.2%) new genes, extended the length of 3965 (26.7%) genes and increased the total genomic exon length by 1.9 Mb (12.4%). Non-coding sequence representation (primarily from UTRs based on dT reverse transcription priming) was particularly improved, increasing in total length by fifteen-fold, by increasing both the length and number of UTR exons. In addition, the UTR data provided by these CCS allowed for the identification of a novel SL2 splice leader sequence for A. ceylanicum and an increase in the number and proportion of functionally annotated genes. RNA-seq data also confirmed some of the newly annotated genes and gene features. Overall, PacBio data has supported a significant improvement in gene annotation in this genome, and is an appealing alternative or complementary technique for genome annotation to the other transcript sequencing technologies.
How to learn/what to learn

This paper discusses the kind of information that must be present in a computer program that models the linguistic development of a child. A three stage model is presented that characterizes the development of a natural language parser in a child of ages one, one and a half, and two. Some data from children of these ages is presented. General problems with respect to computer learning are also discussed.
Regulation and function of the E2A proteins in B cell development.

E-proteins belong to a family of transcriptional regulators, helix-loop-helix proteins (HLH), which regulate multiple developmental pathways in vertebrate organisms. Throughout B cell development, E-proteins play critical roles. Members of the E-protein family include the E2A proteins E12 and E47 as well as two closely related gene products, E2-2 and HEB. The E2A-proteins contribute to B cell commitment, to induce a B lineage specific gene expression program, to activate antigen receptor gene rearrangement, to induce class switch recombination and to promote developmental progression. Here, I present the current status on the function and regulation of E2A proteins in B cell development.
STREAMING POTENTIAL OF FINE PORES

ABSTRACT Using etched particle tracks in mica, the streaming potential has been measured–for the first time–in uniform, characterized submicron pores. A new method of data presentation, the resistance-streaming potential plane, gives evidence for the applicability of the Gouy-Chapman theory to the potential distribution within a pore filled with a dilute salt solution. In addition the results imply that the bulk values of dielectric constant and viscosity of water are quite appropriate for pores as small as 70 a in diameter.
Novel Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress are Associated with Risk of Death and Hospitalization in Patients with Heart Failure

Background Non-free radical species of oxidative stress (OS) may be clinically important. Our prior work has shown emerging aminothiol markers of non-free radical OS are associated with mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. We sought to examine the association of aminothiol markers of OS with clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods Plasma levels of reduced (cysteine and glutathione) and oxidized (cystine and glutathione disulphide) aminothiols were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography in 200 controls and 138 HFrEF patients. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association of aminothiols with the composite risk of death and hospitalization in HFrEF patients. Results The level of cystine (oxidized) was higher (102.4 ± 29.7 vs. 69.4 ± 12.4 μM, P Figure ). After adjustment for covariates including age, sex, race, history of diabetes and hypertension, serum creatinine, and ejection fraction, glutathione (HR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2 - 0.9; P=0.02) and a high ratio of cystine:glutathione (HR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 - 4.4; P=0.03) remained associated with the composite risk of death and hospitalization. Conclusions A high burden of OS, quantified by the plasma aminothiols cystine, glutathione, and their ratio, is associated with clinical outcomes in HFrEF patients. Importantly, this data supports the emerging role of non-free radical biology in driving clinically important OS.
Light-dependent isomeric effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the predication of DNA cleavage factor efficiency

PAHs, short for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, are a ubiquitous group of chemically related, environmentally persistent organic compounds having diverse structures and varied toxicity. They have been shown to cause mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on organisms and are quite immunosuppressive. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) offers a practical means of understanding the behavior of excitation energies for PAHs. Here, we examined the performance of the long-range corrected Coulomb-attenuating functional (CAM-B3LYP) in relation to four different basis sets, determining which basis set compliments the functional better in identifying the most reactive atomic site on six isomeric PAH compounds. Condensed Fukui function indices were used to compare the performance of applied basis sets in identifying the most reactive atomic site on six isomeric PAHs compounds, assessing which basis set would be more appropriate in determining the site where free-radical formation would occur after light irradiation. Dunning’s correlation consistent triple-zeta (cc-pVTZ) basis set was determined to have the best PAH characterization performance, concluding the need for application of a higher-level basis set with the long-range corrected Coulomb-attenuating functional. Although each compound was a structural isomer of the other, the reactive atomic sites varied for each molecule with the use of an applied basis set. It was concluded that structural shape has some influence on the calculation of PAH characteristics. Lastly, in order to predict DNA single-stranded cleavage factor for the compounds proposed here, we have used the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR). The cleavage factor values for the set of aromatic molecules with similar structures have been collected from the literature for a total number of 22 compounds.
Controllability and Observability Analysis for Intelligent Transportation Systems

In this paper, we present a novel methodology for analyzing the controllability problem on a freeway traffic network. The new framework investigates controllability in terms of flow information on arcs and the routing information. Macroscopic ODE-based traffic model is used to develop $$(\rho )$$ dynamics on a network arc which is then combined with another ODE model of the routing $$(\pi )$$ dynamics. Thus, obtained network dynamics is then linearized about the steady-state flows to establish a linear time invariant (LTI) dynamics. Controllability test for LTI systems is then used to test controllability of the system. Methodology is first tested on a few sample networks and then more general results are obtained. An alternate analysis for controllability problem is also presented by treating the problem as a dual of observability problem.
The Rise and Spread of Workfare, Activation, Devolution, and Privatization, and the Changing Status of Citizenship

The paper discusses the changes in welfare policies in the U.S. since 1996 - "Ending Welfare As We Know It." There has been a rapid decline in welfare caseloads. The vast majority of those who left the rolls have been sanctioned, denied entry, take low-paid work, and remain in poverty. Caseworkers, whether public or private, are overworked, under-trained, and under pressure to produce favorable statistical results. They concentrate on those who are the most employable or take the least amount of caseworker time. Left out are those who have significant barriers to employment. The conclusion is that administrative incapacity is an additional argument for a basic income guarantee. The concluding part of the paper looks briefly at trends in other countries, principally Western Europe. Programs vary, but preliminary research reveals similar tendencies with "activation." Welfare has become more conditional, there has been devolution to local governments, and privatization (called "marketization" in Europe).
Short interpregnancy interval as a risk factor for preterm birth in non-Hispanic Black and White women in California.

Objective Short interpregnancy interval (IPI) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB Study design Using a linked birth cohort > 1.5 million California live births, we examined frequencies of short IPI between racial/ethnic groups and estimated risks by multivariable logistic regression for spontaneous PTB. We expanded the study to births 1991-2012 and utilized a "within-mother" approach to permit methodologic inquiry about residual confounding. Results NHB women had higher frequency (7.6%) of short IPI than non-Hispanic White (NHW) women (4.4%). Adjusted odds ratios for PTB and short IPI were 1.64 (95% CI 1.54, 1.76) for NHW and 1.49 (1.34, 1.65) for NHB. Using within-mother analysis did not produce substantially different results. Conclusions Short IPI is associated with PTB but does not explain risk disparity between NHWs and NHBs.
Comparison of eVisit Management of Urinary Symptoms and Urinary Tract Infections with Standard Care.

Background: Urinary symptoms and urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common complaints for which women seek health care. Evolving modalities of care delivery have shifted management of these complaints from in-person face-to-face (F2F) visits, to nurse phone protocol management, and recently to online assessment via eVisit. While research has vetted the use of nurse phone protocol management, eVisit management outcomes have not been thoroughly studied. Purpose: To compare antibiotic prescribing, follow-up rates, and clinical outcomes between F2F visits at a retail clinic, nurse phone protocol encounters, and eVisits for the assessment and management of urinary symptoms and UTIs. Methods: A retrospective chart review of primary care empaneled patients at Mayo Clinic Rochester was conducted of females, 18 to 65 years old, who sought care for urinary symptoms via phone, eVisit, or F2F visit from August 1, 2016, through May 1, 2017. A total of 450 encounters, 150 from each of the 3 encounter types, were manually reviewed and compared for antibiotic prescribing rates, clinical outcomes, and 30-day follow-up rates. Results: Antibiotic prescribing rates for all three encounter types were similar. Referral for follow-up at initial encounter was more likely to be recommended from phone and eVisit encounters than F2F. No significant differences in follow-up rates or clinical outcomes were noted between the three encounter types. Conclusions: eVisits for urinary symptoms and UTI offer patients a convenient option for care without an increased use of antimicrobials, follow-up, or adverse clinical outcomes when compared with F2F visits or nurse-administered phone protocols.
Finite state projection for approximating the stationary solution to the chemical master equation using reaction rate equations.

Abstract When modeling a physical system using a Markov chain, it is often instructive to compute its probability distribution at statistical equilibrium, thereby gaining insight into the stationary, or long-term, behavior of the system. Computing such a distribution directly is problematic when the state space of the system is large. Here, we look at the case of a chemical reaction system that models the dynamics of cellular processes, where it has become popular to constrain the computational burden by using a finite state projection, which aims only to capture the most likely states of the system, rather than every possible state. We propose an efficient method to further narrow these states to those that remain highly probable in the long run, after the transient behavior of the system has dissipated. Our strategy is to quickly estimate the local maxima of the stationary distribution using the reaction rate formulation, which is of considerably smaller size than the full-blown chemical master equation, and from there develop adaptive schemes to profile the distribution around the maxima. We include numerical tests that show the efficiency of our approach.
Three-Phase Transformer-less Hybrid-Bypass Inverter

This paper proposes a three phase transformer-less inverter to reduce the common mode voltage with hybrid AC/DC bypass circuit in the PV inversion system. The proposed inverter has the advantages of low conduction losses compared to the traditional three phase DC bypass inverter. The fluctuation range of the common mode voltage can be reduced to 1/3 of the traditional inverter. Thus, the leakage current will be significantly suppressed. Also, a variation topology of the proposed inverter is shown in this paper. The detailed comparison between the proposed inverter and the traditional three phase three level inverters reveals that the proposed inverter saves 3 switches compared to the NPC inverter and has less conduction losses compared to the DC bypass inverter.
Clinical and demographic predictors of engagement in mobile health vs. clinic-based interventions for serious mental illness

Abstract Evidence-based interventions for individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) depend on sustained engagement, but individuals with SMI often disengage from treatment prematurely. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions may alleviate barriers that are associated with in-person services. In the present study we evaluate whether demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with SMI (n = 163) are differentially associated with their engagement when randomized to mHealth vs. clinic-based care. With regard to diagnosis and demographics, participants randomized to mHealth engaged for more weeks across predictors; however, exploratory subgroup analyses suggested differences in engagement were highest among individuals with bipolar disorder (d = .97) and those who had previously used a smartphone (d = .72). With regard to symptom severity, differences in engagement between conditions were greatest amongst individuals with elevated depressive (d = .99) and psychotic (d = 1.01) symptoms as well as lower self-reported recovery (d = .85). Differences in engagement between mHealth and in-person care amongst those with highest self-rated recovery and lowest depressive and psychotic symptoms were small and non-significant. These findings suggest that mHealth may have an especially large advantage in maintaining engagement amongst individuals with the most severe clinical presentations. This suggests mHealth could provide added value in keeping individuals at elevated risk of poor outcomes connected to care. The main trial was registered in clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT02421965 ; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02421965 ).
The dorsal and ventral default mode networks are dissociably modulated by the valence and vividness of imagined events

Abstract Recent work has shown that the brain’s default mode network (DMN) is active when people imagine the future. Here we test whether future imagination can be decomposed into two dissociable psychological processes linked to different subcomponents of the DMN. While measuring brain activity with fMRI as subjects imagine future events, we manipulate the vividness of these events to modulate the demands for scene construction, and we manipulate the valence of these events to modulate the demands for evaluation. We found that one subcomponent of the DMN, the ventral DMN or medial temporal lobe subsystem, responds to the vividness but not the valence of imagined events. In contrast, another subcomponent, the dorsal or core DMN, responds to the valence but not the vividness of imagined events. This separate modifiability of different subcomponents of the DMN by vividness and valence provides strong evidence for a neurocognitive dissociation between (1) the construction of novel, imagined scenes from individual components from memory and (2) the evaluation of these constructed events as desirable or undesirable. Significance Statement Previous work has suggested that imagination may depend on separate neural networks involved in the construction and evaluation of imagined future events. This study provides strong neural evidence for this dissociation by demonstrating that two components of the brain’s default mode network (DMN) uniquely and specifically respond to different aspects of imagination. The vividness of imagined events modulates the ventral DMN, but not the dorsal DMN, while the valence of imagined events modulates the dorsal DMN, but not the ventral DMN. This supports the dissociable engagement of these sub-networks in constructing and evaluating imagined future events.
Individual differences in gesture interpretation predict children's propensity to pick a gesturer as a good informant.

Abstract To learn from others, children rely on cues (e.g., familiarity, confidence) to infer who around them will provide useful information. We extended this research to ask whether children will use an informant’s inclination to gesture as a marker of whether or not the informant is a good person to learn from. Children (N = 459, ages 4–12 years) watched short videos in which actresses made statements accompanied by meaningful iconic gestures, beat gestures (which act as prosodic markers with speech), or no gestures. After each trial, children were asked “Who do you think would be a good teacher?” (good teacher [experimental] condition) or “Who do you think would be a good friend?” (good friend [control] condition). Results show that children do believe that someone who produces iconic gesture would make a good teacher compared with someone who does not, but this is only later in childhood and only if children have the propensity to see gesture as meaningful. The same effects were not found in the good friend condition, indicating that children’s responses are not just about liking an adult who gestures more. These findings have implications for how children attend to and learn from instructional gesture.
The significance of mothers' attachment representations for vagal responding during interactions with infants.

Little is known about the significance of mothers’ attachment for neurobiological responding during interactions with infants. To address this gap, this study examined links between mothers’ (N = 1...
Medical Marijuana Laws and Suicide

Anderson et al. report an analysis of the association between state medical marijuana laws and suicide rates in the United States over the period 1990 to 2007.(1) They found that medical marijuana legalization was associated with reduction in suicide risk for men, with a 10.9% decline in risk for men aged 20 to 29 and 30 to 39 years. Unfortunately, there are several reasons to believe that this work produced a biased estimate of this association. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print June 11, 2015: e1. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302745). Language: en
Identification of Distributed Parameter Systems using Finite Element Approximation

A system identification technique is developed for a class of distributed systems by using the finite element approximation. The system is assumed to be described by partial differential equations which contain unknown parameters. The finite element method is used to transform the partial differential equations into a system of ordinary differential equations. The unknown parameters are identified using the modified Newton-Raphson method. A simply supported flexible beam is used as an example to demonstrate the technique.
Review: From Empathy to Denial: Arab Response to the Holocaust, Meir Litvak and Esther Webman Post-Zionism, Post-Holocaust: Three Essays on Denial, Forgetting, and the Delegitimation of Israel, Elhanan Yakira

Following historian Deborah Lipstadt's 2000 victory over David Irving in a monumental libel lawsuit, Lipstadt declared that the Holocaust would henceforth reign uncontested as historical fact. Yet within the last five years Holocaust denial has grown exponentially, exacerbating the Arab-Israeli conflict as well as tensions between what the general public often defines as the Western and Muslim worlds. While Litvak and Webman's From Empathy to Denial directly engages scholarship in Holocaust and Middle Eastern studies on this issue, their important work also promises to inform ongoing discussions among rhetoricians about belief systems and intolerance. By framing Holocaust denial in Arab cultures as a distinct subject, Litvak and Webman have used place and time as vital tools for analyzing cultural beliefs underlying anti-Semitism in the Middle East. As a counterpoint, Elhanan Yakira's discussion of political philosophies in Post-Zionism, Post-Holocaust seeks to restructure the dominant perception of Holocaust denial as hate speech by exploring how many Jewish intellectuals reference the Holocaust to support their own critiques of Israel rather than to justify its policies toward Palestinians. Within these texts lies an implicit notion of kairos, described by John Poulakos in Sophistical Rhetoric in Classical Greece (U of South Carolina P, 1995), as the ability to “address issues in their topicality and typicality” and “place a single case within a larger context, a context that helps render the case meaningful” (178). The rich contexts provided by Litvak and Webman and Yakira challenge Western ideological reactions toward Holocaust denial in order to foster more meaningful conversations.
Personal Assistance Services (PAS) for Workers with Disabilities: Views and Experiences of Rehabilitation Service Providers

Personal Assistance Services (PAS) are defined as person-to-person services to assist people with disabilities with tasks they would perform if they did not have a disability. Traditionally, these services have focused on health care and activities of daily living. There has been minimal use of PAS in promoting employment and economic independence of people with disabilities. Research was conducted to determine the experiences and perceptions of rehabilitation service providers on the provision of PAS in the workplace. The study focused on (a) the definitional problems surrounding workplace PAS, (b) accessibility to PAS at the workplace, and (c) availability of resources (money and trained personal assistants). Views and experiences of rehabilitation service providers obtained through focus groups and a mail survey are presented. The rehabilitation service providers indicated that the success of providing PAS depended on establishing a strong, positive relationship with employers. Barriers to providing work-related PAS included lack of qualified assistants, transportation, and employers' lack of understanding of PAS.
A comparison of two selective interrupted suture removal techniques for control of post keratoplasty astigmatism

Abstract PURPOSE: Two selective interrupted suture removal techniques were compared to determine which technique resulted in earliest, best visual acuity and least postoperative astigmatism. METHODS: Sixty-five consecutive optical penetrating keratoplasties were performed using 12 interrupted 10-0 nylon sutures and a 12-bite continuous 10-0 nylon suture, and were alternately assigned to 1 of 2 selective suture removal groups. All patients had refraction, keratometry, and videokeratoscopy postoperatively, starting at 6 weeks. Six weeks postoperatively, Group I underwent simultaneous removal of six alternate sutures, with the first of the 6 sutures removed at the steepest meridian, while Group II had selective sutures removed only at the steepest meridian, if associated with greater than 2 diopters of astigmatism in that meridian. Subsequently, interrupted sutures were then selectively removed until the resultant astigmatism approached 3.0 diopters or less. Measurements of resultant astigmatism are reported prior to selective suture removal, following selective suture removal, at 6 months postoperatively, at the completion of all selective suture removal, and at the final visit. RESULTS: At 6 months, residual astigmatism after the 2 techniques of selective suture removal, as measured by refraction, keratometry, and computer-assisted videokeratoscopy, was 2.8, 3.0 and 3.4 diopters for Group I, and 2.2, 2.6 and 3.7 diopters for Group II. At 1 year, the average final visit, astigmatism was 2.5, 2.4 and 2.7 diopters for Group I, and 2.1, 2.0 and 2.3 diopters for Group II. By the final visit, a best corrected vision of 20/50 or better was achieved in 86% of eyes in Group I and in 65% of eyes in Group II, and there was a significant difference in average keratometry of 47.4 diopters in Group I compared to 46.0 diopters in Group II and, as measured by videokeratoscopy, 47.9 diopters in Group I compared to 45.8 diopters in Group II. CONCLUSIONS: Selective suture removal by either technique reduces keratoplasty astigmatism with residual interrupted and continuous sutures in place. The combined use of refraction, keratometry, and videokeratoscopy probably provides more reliable and reproducible quantitative measurements of astigmatism. Minimizing astigmatism by selective suture removal is a major factor in the attempt to achieve excellent and visual function in the majority of patients who have undergone penetrating keratoplasty.
A Framework for Joint Cross-Layer and Node Location Optimization in Mobile Sensor Networks

This paper proposes an extension to Network Utility Maximization (NUM) framework, referred to as L-NUM (Location-aware NUM). This framework is intended to characterize both the amount of the received sensor information and the network ability to deliver the information to the intended recipient(s). The sensor location is controlled by maximization of the system utility production, which accounts for both rate of the network utility increase and the negative effects of the energy consumption as a result of sensor motion. Definition of sensor utility in L-NUM incorporates the value of sensor information which is affected by sensor locations. Once model-specific network utility and system utility production are defined, L-NUM provides intuitively appealing and tractable framework for mobile sensor network optimization.
Eckart vectors, Eckart frames, and polyatomic molecules

The fundamental role of Eckart vectors and Eckart frames is demonstrated in the theort of the vibration--rotation Hamiltonian for a polyatomic molecule. (AIP)
Cochlear implant candidate selection

In recent years there has been an increased acceptance of the cochlear implant as an appropriate sensory aid for selected hearing-impaired individuals with profound losses. With the Food and Drug Administration's release of the 3M/House single channel cochlear implant on November 29, 1984 and the Nucleus 22-channel cochlear implant on October 31, 1985 it is anticipated that many new groups of otologists and audiologists will have direct involvement in this exciting new approach to the management of patients with profound hearing impairments. This report reviews our cochlear implant selection protocol for the severe to profound adult hearing-impaired population.
Rate constant for the reactions of CF3OCHFCF3 with OH and Cl

Abstract The kinetics of reactions of CF 3 OCHFCF 3 with hydroxyl radicals and chlorine atoms has been investigated using a discharged flow combined with both mass spectrometer and resonance fluorescence technique and using a relative rate technique, respectively, at 298 K. The rate constant for the reactions of CF 3 OCHFCF 3 with OH and Cl was determined to be k 1 =(4.98±1.64)×10 −15 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 and k 2 =(3.1±2.5)×10 −14 cm 3 molecule −1 s −1 , respectively. On the basis of our kinetics measurements, the tropospheric lifetime of CF 3 OCHFCF 3 is calculated to be about 8 years, primarily due to reaction with the hydroxyl radicals in the troposphere.