cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Protein Phosphatase-1 Is Targeted to DNA Polymerase δ via an Interaction with the p68 Subunit†

Protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) is a Ser/Thr protein phosphatase that participates in the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation regulation of a diverse range of cellular processes. The PP1 catalytic subunit (PP1) achieves this by its ability to interact with many targeting subunits such that PP1 activity is thereby specified against phosphoprotein substrates in the microvicinity of its targeting subunit. DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ) is a key enzyme in mammalian chromosomal replication. It consists of four subunits, p125, p50, p68, and p12. We identify p68 as a novel PP1 targeting subunit. PP1 was shown to associate with human DNA polymerase δ by affinity chromatography and coimmunoprecipitation assays from mammalian cell lysates and in vitro by pull-down assays. The binding domain for PP1 was identified as the sequence KRVAL, a variant of the canonical RVxF PP1 binding motif. These studies provide the first evidence for the targeting of PP1 to DNA polymerase δ. We also show that CK2 phosphorylates the Pol δ p125, p68...
Disciplinary Counseling in Higher Education: A Neglected Challenge.

A survey about disciplinary counseling elicited responses from a national sample of counseling center directors. Information about demographics, referrals, goals, reference material, and issues related to disciplinary counseling are discussed. Conceptual distinctions between disciplinary therapy and education are noted.
Pointwise boundary stabilizability of hyperbolic evolution equations: Two-dimensional hybrid elastic structures

Abstract A two-dimensional hybrid elastic structure of a rectangular membrane linked with two rib strings on the boundary sides that have rigid bodies and pointwise controllers attached at the corner points is modelled as an abstract hyperbolic evolution equation. By an analysis of energy decay and ω-limit sets with a dissipative feedback, the following necessary and sufficient condition for stabilizability in the energy space is obtained: v i 2 − v j 2 ≠ 2n( π l 2 ) 2 , for any positive integer n and for any i > j, where v0 = 0 and vi (i = 1, 2,…) are the increasing positive roots of the transcendental equation cot (l 1 μ) = 1 2 ( μ a − a μ ) , in which a > 0 is a structural constant, l1 × l2 is the size of the region. If this condition is satisfied, then the stabilization is achieved by a pointwise boundary damping feedback. Otherwise the stabilization can be achieved by combining an additional boundary damping feedback controller locally distributed in the interior of one boundary string.
System reliability analysis for mixed uncertain variables

Uncertainties in a physical system should be modeled accurately to obtain an accurate estimate of its safety. Based on the amount and type of information available, either probability theory or possibility theory can be used. In probability theory variation in the parameters is modeled using probability density functions and in possibility theory it is modeled using fuzzy membership functions. But when dealing with a combination of both probability distributions and fuzzy membership functions, the computational cost involved in estimating the bounds of reliability increases exponentially because one reliability analysis, which is a computationally expensive procedure, is performed at each possibility level. Moreover, the failure of structural systems is governed by multiple limit-state functions, all of which are to be taken into consideration for determining its safety. These limit-state functions are often correlated and the accuracy of the estimated system reliability is dependent on the ability to model the joint failure surface. To reduce the computational cost involved without loss of accuracy, high quality function approximations for each of the limit-states and the joint failure surface are developed in this paper. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed methodology.
Judgments of Vulnerability to Pregnancy: The Role of Risk Factors and Individual Differences

This study explored women's integration of information in making judgments about vulnerability to pregnancy and examined the influence of personality characteristics on these judgments. Female participants made judgments of the likelihood of pregnancy for each of 24 scenarios created by within-subjects factorial manipulation of three variables: frequency of intercourse, method of contraception, and target (self vs. the average woman their age). Their judgments reflected knowledge of the effect of frequency of intercourse and efficacy of birth control on the likelihood of pregnancy and an understanding of the interaction of these two factors. The results also indicate that two personality characteristics, erotophobia and locus of control, moderate judgments of the likelihood of pregnancy.
Strain effects on the electric polarization of BiMnO3

BiMnO3 has long been at the forefront of multiferroics research. Controversy exists, however, over whether it is actually ferroelectric and thus multiferroic, or whether the stereochemically active lone pairs order in an anti-polar centrosymmetric arrangement. Here we investigate the effect of epitaxial strain on the electronic ordering and symmetry of BiMnO3 to determine whether strain effects might explain the apparently contradictory experimental results regarding ferroelectricity. Using ab-initio methods, we calculate the polarization of BiMnO3 under bi-axial strain in the pseudo-cubic (001) plane, examining both tensile and compressive values of strain. We find no significant polarization or re-ordering of Bi lone-pairs under experimentally achievable strain values, and conclude that BiMnO3 remains centrosymmetric and non-polar.
Oral tissue irritants in toothpaste: a case report

In this case, an adolescent patient presented with multiple, asymptomatic ulcerated lesions- resembling aphthous ulcerations- located in the oral cavity. The etiology of these lesions appeared to be associated with soft tissue irritants found in the patient's toothpaste. This report highlights the need to rule out known oral irritants in dentifrices for patients who present with oral ulcerations.
Mapping cumulative human impacts to California Current marine ecosystems.

Quantitative assessment of the spatial patterns of all human uses of the oceans and their cumulative effects is needed for implementing ecosystem-based management, marine protected areas, and ocean zoning. Here, we apply methods developed to map cumulative impacts globally to the California Current using more comprehensive and higher-quality data for 25 human activities and 19 marine ecosystems. This analysis indicates where protection and threat mitigation are most needed in the California Current and reveals that coastal ecosystems near high human population density and the continental shelves off Oregon and Washington are the most heavily impacted, climate change is the top threat, and impacts from multiple threats are ubiquitous. Remarkably, these results were highly spatially correlated with the global results for this region (R2= 0.92), suggesting that the global model provides guidance to areas without local data or resources to conduct similar regional-scale analyses.
Brookhaven solar neutrino detector and collapsing stars

THE Brookhaven solar neutrino detector has been in continuous operation in its present form since 1970. The basis of the detection method is the inverse beta decay reaction on 37Cl to produce 37Ar (t½ = 35.1 d) which can be detected at a sensitivity level of 10 to 20 atoms. The detector, consisting of 380,000 1 of C2Cl4, is described in detail elsewhere (refs 1–3 and references therein). Measurements with this detection system establish1–3 an upper limit for solar neutrinos of 1 SNU (1 SNU = 10−36 captures/37Cl atom-s). This limit is in substantial disagreement with accepted solar model calculations4 which predict a result of 5.6 SNU (ref. 5). The significance of this discrepancy has been recently analysed in detail6; this number also represents a base line for comparison with other possible sources of high energy neutrinos3,7, in particular those produced by collapsing stars.
Transfer RNA genes from the hyperthermophilic Archaeon, Methanopyrus kandleri.

Abstract Genes encoding the Leu (GAG), Ser (UGA), Gln (UUG) and Lys (UUU) tRNAs have been cloned and sequenced from the deep sea hyperthermophilic Archaeon, Methanopyrus kandleri . Sequences conforming to the TATA box element established for methanogen promoters are located upstream of the tRNA Gln and tRNA Lys genes. All four of the tRNA genes appear to encode the 3′ terminal CCA residues of the mature tRNA. These methanogen tRNAs are predicted to contain most, but not all, invariant residues and are characterized by a high level of G + C base pairing, consistent with the 98°C optimum growth temperature of M. kandleri .
The decision-tree complexity of element distinctness

Abstract The E lement D istinctness problem is to determine, given n variables from some domain, whether the variables have distinct values. We prove that every decision tree for E lement D istinctness (over any domain of size at least n ) requires height Ω( n √log n ).
An Experiment in Design and Materials: Undergraduate Students Designing Test Machines

An exercise has been developed for an undergraduate design laboratory. In the exercise, students design, build, and test load cells, then build computer interfaced tensile testing machines in which the load cells are integrated. Data is acquired through the use of a simple, low-cost bridge amplifier and digital counter circuit which was developed for this exercise. The circuit design and software are released as an open source project to encourage widespread use and participation by the academic community. The tensile test machine exercise has been tested on a group of 45 junior-level mechanical engineering students, with significant success in students demonstrating an understanding of the principles taught. The open source interface is being adopted by other courses and student projects at the host University; use at other institutions is encouraged.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Factors School Foodservice Directors Consider When Allocating Resources

Abstract The extent school foodservice directors make resource allocation decisions based on a natural resource perspective and the identification of future issues predicted to impact operational decisions were investigated. A questionnaire was developed based on telephone interviews using a convenience sample of nine school foodservice directors representing all regions of the country. The questionnaire was pilot tested for format and content validity. School foodservice directors (n=392) employed in districts with enrollments over 40,000 or city populations over 200,000 were surveyed to identify factors they considered when allocating resources. A reminder postcard and follow-up letter were mailed to directors two weeks and one month after the initial mailing, respectively. The response rate for individual respondents and response rate for major city districts were 45.53% and 77.98%, respectively. Operational factors such as age of equipment, state regulations, and student preferences were significantly (P⩽.05) more important than environmental factors such as water quality or solid waste when directors made resource allocation decisions. Less than 20.00% of districts had specific water, energy, or solid waste policies. Respondents rated food safety and availability of qualified employees as the most important challenges in the next five years. Respondents also ranked labor, food safety, and enrollment growth as the most important factors in the next five years. Importance ratings of issues indicated that respondents were aware of the potential impact of environmental issues. A natural resource perspective was not applied to the majority of current resource allocation decisions. Natural resource-based perspectives are applicable to school foodservice operational decisions, but their implementation is a function of a district's unique set of environmental characteristics.
Transcriptional regulation of the cyclooxygenase-2 gene in activated mast cells.

Activation of mast cells by aggregation of their IgE receptors induces rapid and transient synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In this study we investigated (i) the cis-acting response elements and transcription factors active at the COX-2 promoter and (ii) the signal transduction pathways mediating COX-2 induction following aggregation of mast cell IgE receptors. Transient transfection assays with COX-2 promoter/luciferase constructs suggest that a consensus cyclic AMP response element is essential for induced COX-2 expression. Cotransfection studies with plasmids expressing c-Jun, dominant negative Ras, dominant negative c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, and dominant negative MEKK1 demonstrate that activation of the Ras/MEKK1/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase/c-Jun pathway is required for COX-2 promoter-mediated luciferase expression. Attenuation of COX-2 promoter activity by dominant negative constructs for Raf-1, ERK1, and ERK2 suggests that the Ras/Raf-1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway is also necessary for COX-2 induction. Although mutating the two NF-IL6 sites individually did not affect COX-2 promoter activity, mutating both NF-IL6 sites substantially inhibits COX-2 promoter activity. Moreover, overexpression of wild type CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBPβ) augments COX-2 promoter activity in activated mast cells and cotransfection of a dominant negative C/EBPβ construct completely blocks COX-2 promoter/luciferase expression. Our data suggest that in activated mast cells, a Ras/MEKK1/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase signal transduction pathway activating c-Jun, a Ras/Raf-1/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, and activated C/EBPβ facilitate COX-2 induction via the cyclic AMP response element and NF-IL6 sites of the COX-2 promoter.
The same but different: the biology of Theileria sporozoite entry into bovine cells

Abstract Theileria are important tick-transmitted protozoan parasites that infect wild bovidae and domestic animals throughout much of the world. Much of our understanding of Theileria sporozoite invasion of bovine cells is based on work on T. parva , the causative agent of East Coast fever in cattle throughout east, central and southern Africa. Sporozoite entry involves a defined series of sequential but separable steps that differ in important details from the invasion process in other apicomplexans such as Plasmodium and Toxoplasma . While the morphological features of invasion are fairly well documented, the detailed biology of the individual steps is only now becoming clear. This review summarizes much of this recent work on the biology of sporozoite entry. In particular, recent studies on the role of Ca 2+ and cell activation processes in sporozoite entry suggest that the initial sporozoite binding event triggers the mobilization of intrasporozoite Ca 2+ and the activation of both kinase and G-protein associated sigualling processes in the parasite. These processes in turn regulate the invasive capacity of the sporozoite although the identity of these parasite molecules and how they contribute to the invasion process remain to be determined.
An institution-specific analysis of ACL reconstruction failure.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine the most common causes of failed anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using modern reconstructive techniques at a single, high-volume institution. In addition, the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing revision ACLR will be reported. The surgical logs of four senior knee surgeons were retrospectively reviewed for all patients who had undergone ACLR between 2002 and 2009. Patients were excluded if they did not have both the primary and revision surgery on the same knee with the same surgeon. Out of 1944 ACL reconstructions, 28 patients (56 reconstructions) were included in the study. Radiographic studies, operative reports, KT-1000 scores, and chart notes were used to identify all potential factors that may have led to failure. All patients were invited to return for a follow-up examination and survey. Of the 28 patients, the mean age at the index and revision procedure was 22 +/- 11 (range, 12 to 50) and 24 +/- 11 (range, 14 to 57), respectively. In 20 cases, the cause of failure was determined to be acute trauma (sports, work, or accident); in 1 case, the cause was biologic failure; while in 7 cases, the cause was technical error. During the study period the surgeons performed a combined total of 1944 procedures, for an overall failure rate of 1.8%. Twenty patients (71%) were available for follow-up at a mean 30.2 +/- 17.7 months. The overall postrevision outcomes were good to excellent for a majority of patients, with an average Lysholm score of 84 +/- 15.5 and International Knee Documentation Committee score of 77.2 +/- 13.8. The pre- and postoperative KT-1000 scores were 12.1 +/- 2.8 and 6.7 +/- 2.8, respectively. The results from this study suggest that traumatic re-injury, and not surgical/surgeon error, is the most common cause of ACLR failure using anatomic reconstructive principles and strong fixation. In addition, good to excellent outcomes following revision ACLR can be expected in the majority of patients.
Posturographic performance in patients with the potential for secondary gain

Abstract Objectives: To determine the incidence of nonorganic sway patterns on computerized dynamic posturography (CDP) among patients with potential secondary gain compared with patients without any obvious secondary gain. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 100 patients who underwent clinical evaluation, audiometry, electronystagmography, and CDP was undertaken. Group 1 consisted of 50 patients who were randomly selected from a group who had pending lawsuits, worker’s compensation claims, or disability claims. Group 2 consisted of 50 randomly selected patients who had no pending legal status, worker’s compensation claims, or disability claims. Previously published criteria for nonorganic sway patterns were then applied to each group. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: The average age of group 1 patients was 43.8 years compared with 63.2 years for group 2 patients (P
Nitric oxide synthase containing neurons in the ventral lateral geniculate of the rat project to the optic pretectal nuclei.

We combined fluorescent tracing with immunohistochemistry to examine nitric oxide synthase (NOS) containing neurons in the rat ventral lateral geniculate nucleus (vLGN). NOS immunopositive neurons in vLGN had a similar appearance to previously described NADPH-d positive neurons. The majority (96%) of the NOS immunopositive neurons in vLGN projected to the pretectal nuclei and these represented 16% of all the vLGN neurons that project to the pretectal nuclei. No NOS immunopositive neurons projected to the superior colliculus. Co-localization of NADPH-d and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been reported in vLGN neurons but we found few cells containing both NOS and GABA.
The Role of Amphipathicity in the Folding, Self-association and Biological Activity of Multiple Subunit Small Proteins

The effect that altering amphipathicity has on the folding process and self association of melittin, a small model protein, has been investigated using single amino acid substitutions of lysine 7, a residue distant from the contact residues involved in the hydrophobic core of tetrameric melittin. While substitutions of such a residue were not expected to interfere with the packing process, the largest alterations in the potential overall amphipathicity of melittin were found to prevent the folding into an alpha-helical conformation to occur and, in turn, to prevent the self association. Amphipathic alpha-helices were found to be a key determining feature in the early folding process of the self association of peptides and protein segments. Those substitutions, which prevented the inducible amphipathic folding ability, were also found to result in a loss in hemolytic and antimicrobial activity. These results, combined with studies of the binding to artificial liposomes and to polysialic acids, indicate that the losses in activity were due to an initial inability to be induced into an amphipathic alpha-helix and to self associate. Ultimately, melittin's self association is proposed to be required to penetrate the carbohydrate barrier present in biological membranes.
CALIBRATION OF LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE OF THE OH RADICAL BY CAVITY RINGDOWN SPECTROSCOPY IN PREMIXED ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE FLAMES

ABSTRACT Cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS) of the hydroxyl radical (OH) has been explored in a laminar methane-air flame at atmospheric pressure over a range of equivalence ratio. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) of OH calibrated by CRDS in a lean flame compares well to PREMIX calculations using GRI-Mech 3.0. CRDS is a highly sensitive path-integrated diagnostic technique that can yield absolute absorber number densities via a relatively small number of measurable parameters. Among the chief advantages of CRDS is that the measurement is independent of laser power and that the same laser used for LIF can be used for CRDS with only a simple insertion of optics and detector for CRDS. Since LIF has a large dynamic range and high spatial resolution, it is the preferred OH diagnostic for flame studies; however, it is difficult to directly quantify LIF measurements. For this reason, quantitative OH LIF measurements are normally obtained by calibration of the LIF signal using an independent technique. The utili...
Rural Design: A New Design Discipline

“People living and working in rural regions need a new rural dream” (91). Dewey Thorbeck makes the case that this new rural dream can address significant global (and local) issues, and that design ...
A Contingent Claims Model of Corporate Pension Obligations

This study develops a contingent claims model for valuing the implicit market value of the pension claim associated with defined benefit pension plans. In this model, the firm issues pension, debt, and equity claims. These claims have joint access to two underlying portfolios: corporate and pension. The changes in the market values of these two portfolios are assumed to follow a joint lognormal diffusion process. By imposing terminal boundary conditions implied by Employment Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) rules and the pension insurance provisions of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) on the partial differential equation, a solution for the pension value is obtained. This quasi-market measure of the value of the pension claim may be represented by a portfolio consisting of four components: (1) a risk-free discount bond with face value equal to promised pension benefits; (2) a short put on pension assets with exercise price equal to pension benefits; (3) a long call on 30 percent of corporate assets with exercise price equal to the face value of secured corporate debt; and (4) a short call on 30 percent of corporate assets with a stochastic exercise price which depends on the terminal value of the pension fund. A numerical example using 1992 and 1993 financial statement data from six major U.S. corporations is provided. This example illustrates the usefulness of the model's prediction and the potential effect of theoretical pension values on corporate debt-equity ratios.
Migraine symptoms: results of a survey of self-reported migraineurs

Migraine is an episodic headache disorder associated with various combinations of neurologic, gastrointestinal, and autonomic symptoms. Gastrointestinal disturbances including nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, or diarrhea are almost universal. Sensory hyperexcitability manifested by photophobia, phonophobia, and osmophobia are frequently experienced. Other symptoms include blurry vision, nasal stuffiness, tenesmus, polyuria, pallor, and sweating. Our telephone interview survey of 500 self-reported migraine sufferers was performed in 1994. The most common reported symptoms associated with migraine were pain, nausea, problems with vision, and vomiting. Nausea occurred in more than 90% of all migraineurs; nearly one third of these experienced nausea during every attack. Vomiting occurred in almost 70% of all migraineurs; nearly one third of these vomited in the majority of attacks. In those who experienced nausea, 30.5% indicated that it interfered with their ability to take their oral migraine medication; in those with vomiting, 42.2% indicated that it interfered with their ability to take their oral migraine medication. The most important features of a migraine medication were rapid and effective relief of headache pain, decreasing the likelihood of headache recurrence, and not causing nausea. Many migraine patients suffer needlessly because their nausea and vomiting are both unreported to, and unrecognized by physicians. The presence of these symptoms is crucial to diagnose migraine not accompanied by aura.
Pushing relevant artifact annotations in collaborative software development

Recent techniques show the benefits of attaching community generated knowledge to artifacts in an information space and presenting it to subsequent readers. We argue that such knowledge may also be relevant to the readers of artifacts which link to this target. Such situations are particularly frequent in software development, where a lack of awareness of critical directives associated with an invoked function can lead to costly errors. We describe how eMoose, a group memory-aid for this domain, addresses these problems by visually "pushing" annotated knowledge from invocation targets into the invoking code. Similar techniques could potentially be applied to other development phases and to other domains.
Atmospheric science: A man-made drought

The causes of the severe drought in the Sahel in the 1970s and 1980s are uncertain. Now a study provides the firmest evidence so far that emissions of aerosols from industrialized countries played a significant role, but other forcings cannot be ruled out yet.
Sensory nerve depletion potentiates inhibitory non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerves in guinea-pig airways.

Abstract The effect of sensory neuropeptide depletion by systemac capsaicin pretreatment was studied both on inhibitory non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic responses elicited to electrical field stimulation and on bronchodilator responses to vasoactive intestinal peptide (the putative transmitter of these nerves), in guinea-pig trachea. Capsaicin pretreatment enhanced the relaxation responses induced by both electrical field stimulation and vasoactive intestinal peptide, whereas these responses were not significantly increased in vehicle-pretreated or in untreated animals. The bronchodilator response to isoprenaline was unaffected by capsaicin pretreatment. Sensory neuropeptide depletion therefore augments both inhibitory non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic responses and responses to exogenous vasoactive intestinal peptide, suggesting an effect on vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors.
A prospective comparison of prednisone plus ciclosporin and prednisone alone in pediatric nephrotic syndrome

A prospective comparison of prednisone plus ciclosporin and prednisone alone in pediatric nephrotic syndrome
Differences in intergenerational fertility associations by sex and race in Saba, Dutch Caribbean, 1876–2004

This study examines the intergenerational transmission of fertility behavior in Saba, Dutch Caribbean from 1876 to 2004 using reconstituted genealogies. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients of several fertility measures and event-history models of age at first birth are used to explore relationships between the fertility of mothers and their children. The strength of intergenerational fertility ties varies by race and gender. Individuals that are better positioned to realize their fertility preferences have the strongest intergenerational associations, while individuals with the most limited reproductive options have the weakest intergenerational associations. This evidence supports hypotheses that posit the intergenerational transmission of attitudes, goals, and behaviors and the ability to act on those preferences as drivers of the presence or magnitude of links between the fertility of parents and their children.
2nd Year Maintenance and Discontinuation of Imipramine in Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia

AbstractBackground: The results from our 1 year placebo-controlled maintenance/discontinuation study in remitted panic disorder with agoraphobia patients confirmed the significant prophylactic effectiveness of imipramine maintenance treatment but suggested that this may be necessary in only 37% of the patients who relapse following discontinuation of 6 months acute imipramine treatment. This paper presents pilot data from a second year extension of the above-mentioned study with the aim of exploring the putative protective effects of maintenance imipramine therapy beyond the 1st year. Method: Eighteen patients from the 30 who survived, in stable remission, the first 12 months of the maintenance/discontinuation study gave written consent to participate in a double-blind 2nd year extension phase with the knowledge that those on placebo will continue on the same condition (N = 7, PBO-PBO) and those on imipramine (N = 11) will be rerandomized to 2nd year maintenance (/V = 4, IMI-IMI) or placebo substitution (...
The effect of maternal age, parity, and prenatal care on perinatal outcome in adolescent mothers

Maternal age and prenatal care were found to influence the risk for having a small-for-gestational age infant in white adolescent mothers who had both one and two previous live births. However, poor care exerted a relatively stronger affect than young age for primiparous mothers, while the reverse was found for multiparous mothers. Moreover, for women with first births, there was an interaction between variables in that early prenatal care promoted better pregnancy outcome for younger teenagers than for older teens or adults. These results indicate that the perinatal risks of adolescent pregnancy are affected by both physiologic factors and prenatal care.
Queuine, a modified base incorporated posttranscriptionally into eukaryotic transfer RNA: wide distribution in nature

Queuine, a modified base found in transfer RNA, appears to be a new dietary factor because (i) previous studies have shown that mice require it for the expression of queuine-containing transfer RNA's but apparently do not synthesize it, and (ii) significant amounts of free queuine are present in common plant and animal food products.
Spline Smoothing on Surfaces

This article presents a method for estimating functions on topologically and/or geometrically complex surfaces from possibly noisy observations. Our approach is an extension of spline smoothing, using a finite element method. The article has a substantial tutorial component: we start by reviewing smoothness measures for functions defined on surfaces, simplicial surfaces and differentiable structures on such surfaces, subdivison functions, and subdivision surfaces. After describing our method, we show results of an experiment comparing finite element approximations to exact smoothing splines on the sphere, and we give examples suggesting that generalized cross-validation is an effective way of determining the optimal degree of smoothing for function estimation on surfaces.
Evaluation of the Effect of Lime Modification on the Dynamic Modulus Stiffness of Hot-Mix Asphalt: Use with the New Mechanistic–Empirical Pavement Design Guide

Hydrated lime is often used as a mineral filler or antistripping additive in hot-mix asphalt (HMA). Many agencies across North America require the use of lime in all HMA mixtures being placed on high-volume roadways. Despite this wide use of lime, its effects on the HMA mixture dynamic modulus (E*) stiffness have rarely been evaluated. The new mechanistic-empirical (M-E) pavement design guide, Guide for Mechanistic-Empirical Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures, developed under NCHRP Project 1-37A uses E* as the primary material property of asphalt mixtures for the HMA characterization. A comprehensive study was completed at Arizona State University to assess the effect of lime addition on the E* stiffness of HMA mixtures. The study demonstrated that the standard test and design methodologies of the new M-E pavement design guide could be used effectively for lime-modified HMA mixes. With these methodologies, hydrated lime was found to increase the E* of HMA mixtures by 17% to 65% across the...
Lexical–semantic deficits in two patients with dominant thalamic infarction

Abstract Two patients with dominant thalamic infarction, one in the tuberothalamic artery territory, the other in the paramedian artery territory, demonstrated language impairment limited to word retrieval difficulties in spontaneous language and structured naming tasks. Using a cognitive neuropsychological model of lexical processing developed in the study of patients with cortical lesions, we carried out a detailed investigation of their lexical abilities. Both patients demonstrated impairment restricted to oral and written picture naming and oral naming to definition, and spared performance on tasks of lexical comprehension, oral word reading, and writing to dictation, as well as syntactic comprehension and production. Naming impairment disproportionately affected lower frequency words, and word substitutions often corresponded to objects that were semantically-related to target words. We propose that our patients' word retrieval impairments reflect a failure of thalamic input to effectively engage the cortical networks subserving lexical–semantic processing, leading to degraded levels of activation as the semantic system interfaces with subsequent stages of lexical processing.
Racial identity attitudes and ego identity statuses in Dominican and Puerto Rican college students.

This study explored the relation between racial identity attitudes and ego identity statuses in 94 Dominican and Puerto Rican Latino college students in an urban public college setting. Simultaneous regression analyses were conducted to test the relation between racial identity attitudes and ego identity statuses, and findings indicated that racial identity attitudes were significantly related to ego identity statuses. Specifically, internalization racial identity statuses were significantly related to foreclosed ego statuses, and dissonance racial identity statuses were significantly related to moratorium ego statuses.
Maternal obesity in sheep increases fatty acid synthesis, upregulates nutrient transporters, and increases adiposity in adult male offspring after a feeding challenge.

Maternal obesity in women is increasing worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in adipose tissue metabolism and function in adult male offspring from obese and control fed mothers subjected to an ad libitum feeding challenge. We developed a model in which obese ewes were fed 150% of feed provided for controls from 60 days before mating to term. All ewes were fed to requirements during lactation. After weaning, F1 male offspring were fed only to maintenance requirements until adulthood (control = 7, obese = 6), when they were fed ad libitum for 12 weeks with intake monitored. At the end of the feeding challenge offspring were given an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), necropsied, and adipose tissue collected. During the feeding trial F1obese males consumed more (P < 0.01), gained more weight (P < 0.01) and became heavier (P < 0.05) than F1control males. During IVGTT, Obese F1 offspring were hyperglycemic and hypoinsulinemic (P < 0.01) compared to F1 control F1. At necropsy perirenal and omental adipose depots weights were 47% and 58% greater respectively and subcutaneous fat thickness 41% greater in F1obese vs F1control males (P < 0.05). Adipocyte diameters were greater (P ≤ 0.04) in perirenal, omental and subcutaneous adipose depots in F1obese males (11, 8 and 7% increase vs. control, respectively). When adipose tissue was incubated for 2 hrs with C-14 labeled acetate, subcutaneous, perirenal, and omental adipose tissue of F1 obese males exhibited greater incorporation (290, 83, and 90% increase vs. control, respectively P < 0.05) of acetate into lipids. Expression of fatty acid transporting, binding, and syntheses mRNA and protein was increased (P < 0.05) compared to F1 control offspring. Maternal obesity increased appetite and adiposity associated with increased adipocyte diameters and increased fatty acid synthesis in over-nourished adult male offspring.
Taylor dispersion in systems of sedimenting nonspherical brownian particles. I. Homogeneous, centrosymmetric, axisymmetric particles

Abstract A recent theory of generalized Taylor dispersion phenomena is applied to the sedimentation of identical, nonneutrally buoyant, axisymmetric, Brownian particles settling in the Stokes-law regime. General expressions are derived for the mean (orientation-averaged) settling velocity U ∗ of the particles and the dispersion about this mean in the general case where the axisymmetric particles may lack fore-aft symmetry and where they may possess an inhomogeneous mass distribution. Specific calculations are carried out for the case where the particles possess a center of symmetry (as, for example, in the case of prolate and oblate spheroids) and are homogeneous. In such circumstances no gravitational couple acts upon the particles and they therefore possess no preferred orientations relative to the direction of the gravity field. The dispersion coefficients, D ‖ ∗ and D ⊥ ∗ , for motion of the particles parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the direction of the gravity field are found to be of the forms D ∗ i = D + K i λ 2 ( U ∗ ) 2 d r with U ∗ the mean settling velocity of the particle, d r its rotary diffusion coefficient, and D = ( 1 3 ) × (D ‖ + 2D ⊥ ) the mean translational diffusion coefficient of the particle—wherein D ‖ and D ⊥ are the orientation-specific molecular diffusivities of the particle for translation parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to its symmetry axis. In addition, λ is the dimensionless parameter λ = |D ‖ − D ⊥ |/ D 1 2 , and κ ‖ = 2 135 and κ ⊥ = 1 90 . The forms of these transversely isotropic dispersivities agree with those recently obtained by Goren via a Langevin scheme, but the κ i values differ from his. A fundamental error in Goren's analysis is shown to be the source of the discrepancy. On the basis of these calculations, Smoluchowski's well-known equation for diffusion in an external field of force is shown to be generally inapplicable to nonspherical particles. Potential applications of the dispersion results are discussed.
Manufacturing Information Integration in Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)

The research on manufacturing information integration in PLM calls for a new fundamental information technology to enable adaptive information representation and exchange between manufacturing applications. Four major problems are studied, including interchangeable common data representation, management of information access, information reuse, and disturbance reflection of information change. An information model for manufacturing simulation is built. Problem about the abstraction of real models to virtual models is also discussed. A neutral model of shop information, developed by NIST based on the eXtensible Markup Language (XML), is detailed in this paper with illustrations from industrial applications.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Diagnostic utility and sensitivities of GATA3 antibodies in triple-negative breast cancer

Summary GATA3 is implicated in mammary epithelial development and breast cancer progression and is an evolving immunohistochemical marker in breast cancer. Often associated with estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, GATA3 expression has been reported in ER-negative breast cancers, but systematic evaluation of GATA3 expression in a large set of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) is lacking. Given low sensitivities of mammaglobin (MGB) and GCDFP15 in metastatic TNBC, additional markers for site of origin identification would be useful in this context. We examined immunohistochemical expression of GATA3 in a large group of treatment-naive TNBC (n = 111) and ER-positive (n = 39) and HER2-positive (n = 31) breast cancers with commonly used antibody clones, HG3-31 (GATA3-H) and L50-823 (GATA3-L), and compared GATA3, MGB, and GCDFP15. Respectively, GATA3-L and GATA3-H were positive in 66% and 44% of TNBC ( P = .002), 93% and 79% of ER−/HER2+ tumors ( P = .596), and 100% of ER+/HER2− and ER+/HER2+ tumors ( P = 1.00 each). GATA3-L was technically and diagnostically more sensitive than GATA3-H in TNBC and was technically more sensitive in other subtypes. MGB (26%) and GCDFP15 (16%) were less sensitive for TNBC than other subtypes ( P P = .027). Seventy percent of TNBC were positive for GATA3-L, MGB, or GCDFP15 compared with 49% using GATA3-H in the panel. GATA3 is a diagnostically useful marker for TNBC and is more sensitive than MGB and GCDFP15 combined. GATA3-L is more sensitive for TNBC than GATA3-H, and an immunopanel of GATA3-L, MGB, and GCDFP15 provides optimal diagnostic sensitivity for TNBC.
Rotational distributions in photodissociation: application to ICN

Abstract The general quantum theory of collinear photodissociation is extended to include rotational and bending degrees of freedom. This fully quantum mechanical theory provides analytical expressions for rotational and orbital angular momentum distributions of the products. Calculated rotational distributions for ICN dissociation are in qualitative agreement with experiment.
Molybdenum isotope signatures in continental margin marine sediments

Abstract We present molybdenum isotope data for four sediment profiles from continental margin settings. Each profile has a distinctive average isotope composition ranging from δ 98 / 95 Mo − 0.5‰ to 1.3‰ (relative to J and M laboratory standard). This range lies between the modern ocean water value (2.3‰) and the values typical of Mo adsorbed onto Mn oxides (− 0.7‰ ± 0.1‰). An important finding of this study is the apparent co-variation between the Mo isotope composition and the accumulation rate of authigenic Mo under reducing conditions. This relationship suggests that the chemical processes responsible for Mo accumulation under reducing conditions produce an isotope signature in marine sediments. In addition to the relationship between Mo accumulation and the Mo isotope signature there is also a relationship between these parameters and the rate of organic carbon oxidation and burial. These relationships suggest that the Mo isotope signature of reducing sediments may serve as a tracer for the cycling of organic carbon in continental margin sediments; however, additional data will be required to refine any such relationships.
Prediction of an organism's inactivation patterns from three single survival ratios determined at the end of three non-isothermal heat treatments

Traditionally, an organism's heat resistance parameters have been determined from a set of experimental isothermal survival data. Sometimes, however, even approximating an isothermal profile, and/or obtaining counts at sufficiently short time intervals, is extremely difficult for technical and logistic reasons. The problem would be avoided if the survival parameters could be calculated from the final survival ratios determined at the end of non-isothermal heat treatments with known temperature profiles. Theoretically, if the heat resistance were characterized by three unknown survival parameters, they could be extracted by solving three simultaneous dynamic survival curves' equations. In practice, because of the three equation's complexity - they are themselves the numerical solutions of three differential rate equations - and because the experimental final survival ratios might have a scatter, realistic estimates of the survival parameters require short cut and averaging methods for their calculation. Such a method has been tried with published dynamic inactivation data on Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. The concept was validated by the ability of the Weibullian-Log logistic model, whose three survival parameters had been obtained directly from final experimental survival ratios only, to predict entire non-isothermal survival curves that had not been used in the model's formulation. The methodology need not be restricted to Weibullian and simpler survival patterns but its practicality might be lost if there are more than three survival parameters. In principle, the same procedure can be extended to biochemical processes that occur during heat preservation, especially at very high temperatures. Estimating inactivation kinetic parameters without isothermal data could also facilitate the quantification of microbial survival under realistic processing conditions and in the actual food rather than in a surrogate medium.
318 RISK: BENEFIT CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE SAFE USE OF ISOXSUPRINE IN THE TREATMENT OF PREMATURE LABOR

Seventy consecutive patients treated with isoxsuprine for premature labor were studied to determine pregnancy factors associated with tocolytic success, the extent of placental drug transfer, and time course of therapy in order to define conditions which would maximize success and minimize acute neonatal isoxsuprine toxicity. In patients with intact membranes, successful prolongation of pregnancy >7 days occurred in 77% of women with ≤50% cervical effacement and ≤3 cm dilatation at the initiation of therapy, and in none with >50% effacement and >3 cm dilatation. Cervical effacement was the primary factor in determining success. Cord isoxsuprine concentrations averaged 90% of maternal concentrations at delivery. Maternal and cord isoxsuprine concentrations at delivery were inversely correlated with the drug-free interval before delivery. An interval >5 hours was necessary to attain a cord concentration of 10 ng/ml, levels associated with severe neonatal problems. Since 17 of the 22 infants with cord isoxsuprine concentrations >2 ng/ml and eight of nine with values >10 ng/ml were delivered of mothers with >3 cm dilatation or >50% effacement at the initiation or reinstitution of intravenous therapy, most severe neonatal drug-level related problems are preventable.
Relation of Boron to the Composition and Mechanical Properties of Bone

A review of the experimental studies relating boron to biological effects on appendicular and axial bones in animal models suggests that numerous influences, known and unknown, affect the responsiveness of bone to dietary boron. Degrees of skeletal response to boron are modified by other nutritional variables that include calcium, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. Evidence suggests that appendicular and axial bones may differ in their responses. Tests of the mechanical properties of bones may provide useful criteria for assessing the impacts of boron status on bone. These tests might resolve questions about optimal intakes of boron because mechanical properties sometimes respond to boron when composition of bones does not. Difficulty in interpreting some of the existing research arises because of the incipient state of knowledge regarding boron nutriture, to analytical problems associated with determining accurately the small quantities of boron in feed and tissues, and to technological difficulties in controlling extraneous exposure of experimental animals to boron. Yet there is considerable evidence that both compositional and functional properties of bone are affected by boron status.
Marginal productivity analysis in teams

Abstract Alchian and Demsetz [Am. Econom. Rev. 62 (1972), p. 77] argued that when output is produced by a team, the cost of ascertaining marginal products may be so high that the payment of marginal product will be approximated by metering input effort. This paper shows that the payment of marginal product in a team setting was really never an open question and clarifies an important distinction between the practical difficulties associated with ascertaining marginal products in a team setting from the fundamental impossibility of doing so for inputs between whom a team synergy emerges. The implications this distinction has for theory and empirical work is then discussed.