cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Should an Economist Do Statistics

Much of economists’ statistical work centers on testing hypotheses in which parameter values are partitioned between a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis in order to distinguish two views about the world. Our traditional procedures are based on the probabilities of a test statistic under the null but ignore what the statistics say about the probability of the test statistic under the alternative. Traditional procedures are not intended to provide evidence for the relative probabilities of the null versus alternative hypotheses, but are regularly treated as if they do. Unfortunately, when used to distinguish two views of the world, traditional procedures can lead to wildly misleading inference. In order to correctly distinguish between two views of the world, one needs to report the probabilities of the hypotheses given parameter estimates rather than the probability of the parameter estimates given the hypotheses. For most standard econometric estimators, it is not difficult to compute the proper probabilities using Bayes theorem. Doing so will often change empirical conclusions. Calculations that are respectful of Bayes Theorem ought to supplement, or perhaps supplant, classical test statistics and p-values in reports of empirical results.
Rare inactivating PDE11A variants associated with testicular germ cell tumors

Germline inactivating mutations of isoform 4 of phosphodiesterase (PDE) 11A (coded by the PDE11A gene) have been associated with familial adrenocortical tumors and familial testicular cancer. Testicular tissue is unique in expressing all four isoforms of PDE11A. In a prior candidate gene study of 94 familial testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) subjects, we identified a significant association between the presence of functionally abnormal variants in PDE11A and familial TGCT risk. To validate this novel observation, we sequenced the PDE11A coding region in 259 additional TGCT patients (both familial and sporadic) and 363 controls. We identified 55 PDE11A variants: 20 missense, four splice-site, two nonsense, seven synonymous, and 22 intronic. Ten missense variants were novel; nine occurred in transcript variant 4 and one in transcript variant 3. Five rare mutations (p.F258Y, p.G291R, p.V820M, p.R545X, and p.K568R) were present only in cases and were significantly more common in cases vs controls (P=0.0037). The latter two novel variants were functionally characterized and shown to be functionally inactivating, resulting in reduced PDE activity and increased cAMP levels. In further analysis of this cohort, we focused on white participants only to minimize confounding due to population stratification. This study builds upon our prior reports implicating PDE11A variants in familial TGCT, provides the first independent validation of those findings, extends that work to sporadic testicular cancer, demonstrates that these variants are uncommonly but reproducibly associated with TGCT, and refines our understanding regarding which specific inactivating PDE11A variants are most likely to be associated with TGCT risk.
Effect of the Conjugation Density of Triphenylphosphonium Cation on the Mitochondrial Targeting of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers

Many clinically relevant diseases with known poor therapeutic outcomes, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, have been directly linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. The ability to efficiently target therapeutics to intracellular organelles such as mitochondria may represent new opportunities for the effective treatment of such ailments. The present study reports the synthesis, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and mitochondrial colocalization of conjugates of triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP) to amine-terminated, generation 4, poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (G4NH2) nanocarriers. The mitochondrial-targeting moiety TPP was either directly conjugated to G4NH2 (G4NH2–TPP) or to the dendrimer through a flexible polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker (G4NH2–PEGTPP). Conjugation was done at various TPP densities to assess their biological activity and potential for mitochondrial-targeted drug delivery. Tests in an in vitro model of the human alveolar carcinoma (A549 cells) showed that even at a low TPP d...
A Critical Realist Perspective on Agent-Based Modeling

The method of agent-based modeling raises philosophy of science issues that modelers have yet to resolve in a way that reconciles their work with that of other management researchers. As a result, ...
Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Emotional Clarity and Attention to Emotions

Emotional clarity and attention to emotions represent the extent to which people understand and attend to their own emotions, respectively, and are broad facets of emotional awareness, alexithymia,...
Endoscopic Compared with Open Operative Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.

The carpal tunnel is bounded by the carpal bones and metacarpals dorsally and by the transverse carpal ligament palmarly. The radial border is the scaphoid, trapezium, and flexor carpi radialis sheath. Ulnarly, the transverse carpal ligament attaches to the pisiform and hamate hook[1][1],[2][2]. The
The behavior of autogenous and homogenous bone transplants in the anterior chamber of the rat's eye. A histological study of the effect of the size of the implant.

Histological sections of 178 large-fragment and small-fragment fresh autogenous and homogenous bone implants in the anterior chamber of the rat's eye, studied for as long as thirty weeks after implantation, revealed the following: 1. Fresh large-fragment cancellous autografts gave rise to early vigorous new-bone formation which produced an ossicle incorporating marrow substance about three weeks after implantation. The shape of this ossicle appeared to be determined by the stresses in the anterior chamber of the eye. There was no inflammatory reaction, and the bone continued to grow throughout the experimental period. 2. Fresh large-fragment cancellous homografts produced early new bone, but this died at the end of two weeks. A late phase of bone formation composed of scanty lamellar new bone appeared at eight weeks and still persisted at the end of the experiment thirty weeks after implantation. A mild local inflammatory reaction was associated with this implant. 3. Fresh large-fragment cortical autografts and homografts produced scanty, lamellar new bone which was closely applied to the graft surface. The cortical homograft in contrast to the autograft produced early-phase and late-phase new-bone formation, as well as a mild local inflammatory reaction. 4. Small-fragment fresh cancellous and cortical autografts and homografts did not produce any appreciable new bone. A more intense inflammatory reaction was incited by this type of graft than by the large-fragment bone implants; this reaction enhanced the process of resorption of the small-fragment transplants. 5. The evidence from these studies indicates that cellular elements of the large-bone fragments may survive and proliferate in the anterior chamber of the rat's eye to produce new bone in the early period following transplantation. Fragmentation of bone, however, creates a medium unsuitable for cellular survival and destroys the osteogenetic activity of the graft. 6. New-bone formation brought about by metaplastic change in the host cells in these experiments appeared to be the result of prolonged direct contact with large-fragment homografts until the late-phase new-bone formation had developed. Similarly, the two solitary instances of late-phase new-bone formation associated with small-fragment grafts (homogenous cortical and cancellous and autogenous cortical) appeared to be examples of new bone induced by contact of the transplanted bone tissue with the host cells.
Prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and neural tube defects.

Amniocentesis is effective in identifying fetuses with some inherited chromosomal disorders and neural tube defects when one or both patients carry anomalies, or in older mothers or in those who carry X-linked disease. The procedure must be preceded by a careful recording of family pedigree and appropriate genetic counseling.
The Countess Cathleen

The Countess Cathleen was the most complex of the plays to collate intelligibly, for Yeats changed it more than he did any of the others. In the first version, for instance, it had five scenes, in the next seven versions it had four acts, in the ninth version it became five scenes again—with an entirely new Scene IV—and remained so through the final version. The love scene between the Countess and Aleel at the beginning of Scene III was not inserted until the fourth printing.
Optimal path cover problem on block graphs

Abstract Let G = ( V , E ) be a block graph. First we show that an algorithm for finding the path partition number p ( G ) by J.H. Yan and G.J. Chang gives wrong answers to some block graphs. Then we present an efficient algorithm for finding a minimum path partition of G (not just the path partition number p ( G )). The complexity of this algorithm is O( m ), where m = ¦E¦ .
An assessment of progress in research on global public relations from 2001 to 2014

Abstract Designed to investigate the trends, patterns and rigors of research studies examining global public relations, this study conducted a content analysis of published articles in public relations journals as well as other communication journals between 2001 and 2014. During this time span, a total of 163 articles examined topics related to global public relations. Information including journal name, publication year, country examined, authorship, theoretical application, method approach, and future research direction was recorded for each article. Given the steady increase in the number of articles addressing global public relations during the timeframe examined, the field should shift from description to theorization and establish theories specific to global public relations with methodological diversification. The United States was the nation of most frequent focus in the articles, followed by China, the United Kingdom, and South Korea.
Abstract 538: LDL Particle Core Enrichment in Cholesteryl Oleate Results in Increased Binding to Arterial Wall Proteoglycans and Increased Atherosclerosis

INTRODUCTION: Accumulation of lipids in the artery wall, particularly cholesteryl esters (CE), is a classic feature of atherosclerosis. Apo B-containing lipoprotein particles are the primary vehicl...
Estimation of Nonlinear Tire Forces and Road Friction for Modeling and Control

Abstract This paper presents experimental results of applying extended Kalman-Bucy filtering and Bayesian hypothesis selection to estimate motion, tire forces, and road coefficient of friction (μ) of vehicles on asphalt surfaces. The filter estimates motion and tire forces of an eight degree-of-freedom vehicle from vehicle-mounted sensors without requiring a priori knowledge of μ and without requiring a tire force model. Resulting force estimates are compared statistically with those that result from a nominal analytic tire model to select the most likely μ from a set of hypothesized values. The methods have application to off-line construction of tire models, verification of vehicle dynamic models, and development of vehicle control systems that require road friction.
Abstract 499: Increased Lysine Acetylation After ‘Back-table’ Preparation of Human Saphenous Vein

BACKGROUND Back-table preparation of human saphenous vein (SV) for surgical bypass results in conduit injury. We hypothesized that surgical manipulation results in increased total lysine acetylation, a global marker of injury. We examined effect of injury on acetylation of NFkB, a transcription factor involved in vascular smooth muscle proliferation. METHODS Paired SV samples were collected prior to surgical manipulation (UM) and after distention and marking (AM). SV rings were suspended in a muscle bath for measurement of contractile force in response to KCl and phenylephrine (PE); endothelial-dependent relaxation in response to carbachol (CCh); and endothelial-independent relaxation in response to sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Western blot analysis was used to measure total lysine and NFkB acetylation, results were normalized to GAPDH. RESULTS AM-SV generated significantly reduced physiologic parameters compared with UM-SV, including response to KCl (0.05 vs. 0.14 N/m 2 , n=9, p 2 , n=7, p CONCLUSIONS Surgical preparation of SV results in physiologic dysfunction, and leads to increase in total lysine and NFkB acetylation. Increases in total lysine acetylation may be a global marker of injury and are associated with senescence. Increased acetylation of NFkB may correlate with the uncontrolled proliferative response of intimal the hyperplastic lesions.
A vacuum capillary viscometer that measures the viscosity of biofluids

This paper reports a novel vacuum capillary viscometer featuring small sample volume (1 to 4 μL) and fast turnaround time (less than 30seconds), which allows for the first time, repeatable blood and plasma viscosity measurements from adult zebrafish.
Design of Random and Semi-Random Conjugated Polymers for Organic Solar Cells

Significant effort has been devoted to the improvement of organic solar cell performance via the optimization of polymer structure. The expanding scope of conjugated polymer design extends from novel monomers to side-chain and backbone engineering. These efforts target desired properties for optimal organic photovoltaic performance, including electronic aspects such as optical band gaps, frontier orbital levels, and charge carrier mobilities, as well as physical aspects such as surface energy. Perfectly alternating, donor-acceptor copolymers represent the state-of-the-art, having low band gaps and demonstrating record efficiencies. However, recent reports indicate significant potential by introducing some degree of randomization to donor-acceptor copolymers. Specifically, semi-random copolymers have demonstrated promising photovoltaic performance through incorporation of small ratios of acceptor monomers into a donor-dominant polymer backbone. Semi-random polymers have also been found uniquely suited to the optimization of ternary blend solar cells, which benefit from highly tunable randomized structures by means of energy level matching, complementary optical absorption, and directed polymer-polymer miscibility via surface energy tuning. In this trend article the scope of random and semi-random polymers, many based on poly(3-hexyl thiophene), is explored, primarily in the context of solar cell applications. Distinctions between regimes of random copolymers are also defined and discussed.
Electric Field Amplification of He II Luminescence Below 0.8°K

The passage of alpha particles through liquid He II produces luminescence, part of which derives from metastable atomic or molecular systems with lifetimes which become increasingly longer as the temperature is reduced below T λ . 1 This is caused by the increased diffusion coefficient of the metastables (∼ e △/kT ) which enables them to escape prompt collision-induced destruction near the alpha-particle “track,” where a high density of collision partners is initially available. The resulting delay of their radiative destruction causes the intensity of scintillation pulses from the fluid (radiation emitted within approximately 10−6 sec of alpha emission) to decrease below about 1.7°K to a constant value attained at about 0.8°K. At this temperature and below all of the metastables escape prompt destruction. The, T dependence can be accounted for quantitatively by calculating the fraction of metastables which undergo prompt radiative destruction,2 assuming the diffusion coefficients of both metastables and their collision partners (ions or other metastables) to be porportional to e △/kT .
The pro-tumorigenic effects of metabolic alterations in glioblastoma including brain tumor initiating cells

Abstract De-regulated cellular energetics is an emerging hallmark of cancer with alterations to glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, the pentose phosphate pathway, lipid oxidation and synthesis and amino acid metabolism. Understanding and targeting of metabolic reprogramming in cancers may yield new treatment options, but metabolic heterogeneity and plasticity complicate this strategy. One highly heterogeneous cancer for which current treatments ultimately fail is the deadly brain tumor glioblastoma. Therapeutic resistance, within glioblastoma and other solid tumors, is thought to be linked to subsets of tumor initiating cells, also known as cancer stem cells. Recent profiling of glioblastoma and brain tumor initiating cells reveals changes in metabolism, as compiled here, that may be more broadly applicable. We will summarize the profound role for metabolism in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance and discuss current approaches to target glioma metabolism to improve standard of care.
Initiating a system for visualizing and measuring dynamic knowledge

Abstract Knowledge is key to sustainable competitive advantage, but different kinds of knowledge affect competitive advantage differently, and they exhibit qualitatively different dynamic properties and behaviors. This places particular importance on understanding the dynamics of knowledge as it flows, and organization managers seek to visualize and measure such flows for efficacy and efficiency alike. Unfortunately, knowledge is inherently intangible, invisible and resistant to quantification, particularly when in dynamic motion. Moreover, managing key organization knowledge is left often to haphazard, trial and error processes, rendering pursuits of sustainable competitive advantage daunting at best and infeasible in many cases. Even when guided by well-accepted models in extant theory, managers may not be selecting the best knowledge flow processes for their purposes. The research described in this article builds upon Knowledge Flow Theory and application to initiate a system for visualizing and measuring dynamic knowledge. We leverage a multidimensional model to delineate and analyze a diversity of knowledge as it flows through the organization, and we draw analogically to develop a system of dynamic knowledge equations that enable measurement. We then illustrate its practical use and utility through a representative organization example, which we supplement with decision guidance pertaining to some fundamental knowledge flow tradeoffs facing decision makers. This article closes with a summary of key results and implications, which give us cause to rethink some concepts, assumptions and implications in the literature.
A real-time object detection framework for aerial imagery using deep neural networks and synthetic training images

Efficient and accurate real-time perception systems are critical for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) applications that aim to provide enhanced situational awareness to users. Specifically, object recognition is a crucial element for surveillance and reconnaissance missions since it provides fundamental semantic information of the aerial scene. In this study, we describe the development and implementation of a perception frame-work on an embedded computer vision platform, mounted on a hexacopter for real-time object detection. The framework includes a camera driver and a deep neural network based object detection module and has distributed computing capabilities between the aerial platform and the corresponding ground station. Preliminary aerial real-time object detections using YOLO are performed onboard a UAV and a sequence of images are streamed to the base station where an advanced computer vision algorithm, referred to as Multi-Expert Region-based CNN (ME- RCNN), is leveraged to provide enhanced and fine-grained analytics on the aerial video feeds. Since annotated aerial imagery in the UAV domain is hard to obtain and not routinely available, we use a combination of aerial data as well as air-to-ground synthetic images, such as vehicles, generated by video gaming engines for training the neural network. Through this study, we quantify the level of improvements with the use of the synthetic dataset and the efficacy of using advanced object detection algorithms.
False Accounts: Why Do Company Statements Often Offer a True and Fair View of Virtual Reality

This article draws attention to the systematic and organised criminal acts committed by legitimate enterprises and professionals, focusing on accounting fraud. Firstly, the extent and consequences of ‘false accounting’ are considered, then a theoretical framework is outlined which focuses on structural issues commonly found in financial scandals around the world. The Gokal/BCCI fraud is summarised as a case study offering insights into the motives and modi operandi of accounting frauds. The analysis centres on theoretical and practical lessons to be learned from this case, which is placed in the context of evidence from other frauds in Europe and the USA. The article points to the importance of strains and pressures perpetrators are subject to, the rationalisations they use, the organisational culture and anomie. The author concludes with an outline of the policy implications.
Heat transfer study on the beamline for an electron–ion collider at BNL

Abstract This study aims to calculate thermal loads that arise as a consequence of the beamline connecting the cold (2 K) region to the ambient. Heat loads are evaluated by numerical analysis and the findings are supported by analytical calculations. An active heat intercept is proposed to mitigate heat movement to the cold end. Owing to unfavorable length-to-depth ratio and large temperature differences, it is found that radiation becomes a dominant mode of heat transfer. The presence of bellows on the beamline complicates the thermal study which is heavily dependent on geometry. An analytical framework is set up to simplify the coupled conduction–radiation problem and is shown to decrease simulation times by an order of magnitude. The study finds that the total heat moving by conduction to the cold end is around 13 W and via radiation is 1.8 W. The active cooling circuit under present conditions has the ability to intercept between 8 - 12 W of heat.
Lexical Derivatives in Patients’ Speech: Some New Data on Displacement and Defense

During an hour toward the end of the first six months of her analysis, a patient of Paul Gray’s “began to speak of her success at overcoming shyness at work. She said this was allowing her, during the past several days, to persuade her boss that the company could, in fact, pay her way to a neighboring state for a week during the coming month for research purposes which would be valuable for the company” (Gray, 1973, p. 479).
Long Term Planning: The Alternative Futures Approach

In every country, the health system has changed markedly in the last 50 years. What changes might the next 50 years bring? Can we plan effectively for the long-term? Long-term planning is both necessary and feasible. It must be concerned with the extent to which health system expenditures translate into health status gains. Today’s problems point to the need for a systems approach to long-term planning for health, and its integration with other sectors. Among the trends shaping tomorrow’s health system are: changing population structure and size; “Health for all (by whatever year);” advances in health care technology; and increasing cost, competing priorities. Health planning is usually based on extrapolation of past trends, and thus assumes that the future is an extension of the present; it is not. Discontinuities, such as political revolutions, economic shocks, or technological breakthroughs, may be important future shaping events. The future is uncertain, but not unmanageable. The alternative futures approach represents a potent technique for managing uncertainty and improving decision-making. We must either imagine alternative futures for society and the health system or identify those trends and potential discontinuities that might differentiate one future from another. We can then create any number of alternative futures for planning purposes. The alternative futures approach can inform increasingly difficult choices among alternatives, while recognizing the political nature of policy decision-making.
On the use of a taxonomy of time-frequency morphologies for automatic speech recognition

A computer vision approach based on skeletonization and hierarchical description of speech patterns is proposed. Learniug hierarchical descriptions of phonetic events is discussed. Experimental results arc reported showing the power of the approach in the recognition of dipthongs in connected letters and digits.
Mandatory Audit Partner Rotation: Partners’ Perceptions of Benefits and Costs, and Implications for Future Research

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) accelerated the rotation of the lead audit engagement partner and extended the required cooling-off period. SOX also extended rotation requirements to concurring partners. Consequences of accelerated rotation and extended cooling-off have yet to be explored in depth, in part because the new rules only became effective in 2004 and the full effect of the revised rotation schedule has yet to be felt. Using a combination of semi-structured interviews and field surveys, we investigate perceptions of audit partners serving publicly-traded companies about the impacts of rotation and cooling-off; and the SOX-imposed rule changes on audit quality and audit partners’ quality of life. Our findings suggest that, although rotation may enhance auditor independence, it may also have an overall negative impact on audit quality through its dilution of client-specific and industry expertise, and its negative impact on partners’ quality of life. Most notably, our results point to an immediate threat to audit quality resulting from accelerated rotation as partners report a two-to-three year client familiarization period, and a preference to learn a new industry rather than relocate. Further, partners felt their firms were at increased risk of losing clients in the year of mandatory partner rotation, suggesting a need to more fully understand the effects of accelerated partner rotation as this may heighten independence risk as firms strive to retain clients. Our findings also suggest a number of avenues for future research.
Monitoring and evaluating the payment-for-performance premise of REDD+: the case of India’s ecological fiscal transfers

Introduction: The central premise underlying international payments for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) is that offering governments ex post payments for verifi...
Office-based dermatologic diagnostic procedure utilization in the United States Medicare population from 2000-2016.

Background Potassium hydroxide preparations (KOH) and tissue examinations for ova and parasites (OP OP OP OP MB, -2.7%). The 2016 aggregate payments (% change since 2000) for KOH and OP for SB and MB, they were $240,047,487.98 (+142.3%) and $38,214,117.22 (+79.2%), respectively. Conclusion Fewer dermatologists submit claims for KOH and O&P each year. Future studies should evaluate whether this is due to a loss of cost-efficacy, and secondly, if it is related to decreased reimbursement, burdensome in-office laboratory regulations, or changing provider preferences.
The Tractarians’ Sermons And Other Speeches

The Tractarians were orators. They would probably object to the use of this term, for it evoked what they saw as the excesses of Evangelical preaching and ran counter to the notion of "reserve" that was central to the ethos of the Oxford Movement. This chapter focuses on the Tractarians' oratory, the larger body of speeches by those associated with the Movement. It also focuses on twelve men who contributed to the Tracts for the Times and published significant numbers of speeches. Greatest attention will be given to the three who are generally regarded as the central figures of the Movement-John Henry Newman, John Keble, and E.B. Pusey-along with Benjamin Harrison, Henry Edward Manning, and Isaac Williams. The chapter discusses the theory of sacred rhetoric, specifically the nature of the Sermon. It then considers the extent to which the Tractarians' practices conformed to the theories, beginning with their lectures. Keywords: Tractarians' sermons; University of Oxford
Synthesis and structure of chiral 2,6-bis[(2-carbamoylphenyl)carbamoyl]pyridine ligands

Abstract The synthesis and structure of a series of enantiomerically pure 2,6-bis[(2-carbamoylphenyl)carbamoyl]-pyridine ligands (H22a-c) are described. Appended from the aryl groups are optically active groups which provide a chiral environment around the planar pyridine core. NMR and X-ray diffraction studies show that these ligands contain helical character which is maintained by a network of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. These ligands can bind metal ions through their tridentate diamidato-pyridyl chelate to form optically active metal complexes. The modular design of these ligands offers a variety of chiral environments about the metal chelate that can be useful in the synthesis of metal reagents for asymmetric transformations.
Mindfulness, self-compassion, and savoring: Factors that explain the relation between perceived social support and well-being

Abstract Perceived social support has consistently been associated with better psychological well-being, but the pathway(s) through which social support increases positive psychological outcomes (e.g., life satisfaction) and reduces negative psychological outcomes (e.g., depression) remain unknown. Potentially, social support may encourage a more balanced, self-forgiving, and positive perspective, which may facilitate better well-being. We investigated the extent to which mindfulness, self-compassion, and savoring accounted for the relation between perceived social support and psychological well-being, as assessed by multiple outcome measures, in college students in the U.S. In Study 1 (N = 1024), greater perceived social support was indirectly related to lower levels of negative psychological well-being outcomes (i.e., depression, anxiety, dysfunctional attitudes) through mindfulness. In Study 2 (N = 228), we replicated and extended these findings. Perceived social support was significantly associated with greater mindfulness, self-compassion, savoring, and positive psychological well-being outcomes (i.e., psychological well-being, subjective happiness), as well as lower levels of negative psychological well-being outcomes (i.e., depression, perceived stress). Furthermore, mindfulness, self-compassion, and savoring each accounted for the association between perceived social support and these psychological well-being outcomes. These findings suggest three pathways through which perceived social support may improve psychological well-being.
The Influence of Vestibular Schwannoma Tumor Volume and Growth on Hearing Loss

ObjectiveTo ascertain the relationship among vestibular schwannoma (VS) tumor volume, growth, and hearing loss.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSingle tertiary center.Subjects and Meth...
Synthesis and Reactivity of Organometallic Intermediates Relevant to Cobalt-Catalyzed Hydroformylation.

Intermediates relevant to cobalt-catalyzed alkene hydroformylation have been isolated and evaluated in fundamental organometallic transformations relevant to aldehyde formation. The 18-electron (R,R)-(iPr DuPhos)Co(CO)2 H has been structurally characterized, and it promotes exclusive hydrogenation of styrene in the presence of 50 bar of H2 /CO gas (1:1) at 100 °C. Deuterium-labeling studies established reversible 2,1-insertion of styrene into the Co-D bond of (R,R)-(iPr DuPhos)Co(CO)2 D. Whereas rapid β-hydrogen elimination from cobalt alkyls occurred under an N2 atmosphere, alkylation of (R,R)-(iPr DuPhos)Co(CO)2 Cl in the presence of CO enabled the interception of (R,R)-(iPr DuPhos)Co(CO)2 C(O)CH2 CH2 Ph, which upon hydrogenolysis under 4 atm H2 produced the corresponding aldehyde and cobalt hydride, demonstrating the feasibility of elementary steps in hydroformylation. Both the hydride and chloride derivatives, (X=H- , Cl- ), underwent exchange with free 13 CO. Under reduced pressure, (R,R)-(iPr DuPhos)Co(CO)2 Cl underwent CO dissociation to form (R,R)-(iPr DuPhos)Co(CO)Cl.
Ureteral Reimplantation via Robotic Nontransecting Side-to-Side Anastomosis for Distal Ureteral Stricture

Objective: To describe a novel technique of ureteral reimplantation through robotic nontransecting side-to-side anastomosis. Although the standard approach to ureteroneocystostomy has a high rate o...
BodyCompass: Monitoring Sleep Posture with Wireless Signals

Monitoring sleep posture is important for avoiding bedsores after surgery, reducing apnea events, tracking the progression of Parkinson's disease, and even alerting epilepsy patients to potentially fatal sleep postures. Today, there is no easy way to track sleep postures. Past work has proposed installing cameras in the bedroom, mounting accelerometers on the subject's chest, or embedding pressure sensors in their bedsheets. Unfortunately, such solutions jeopardize either the privacy of the user or their sleep comfort. In this paper, we introduce BodyCompass, the first RF-based system that provides accurate sleep posture monitoring overnight in the user's own home. BodyCompass works by studying the RF reflections in the environment. It disentangles RF signals that bounced off the subject's body from other multipath signals. It then analyzes those signals via a custom machine learning algorithm to infer the subject's sleep posture. BodyCompass is easily transferable and can apply to new homes and users with minimal effort. We empirically evaluate BodyCompass using over 200 nights of sleep data from 26 subjects in their own homes. Our results show that, given one week, one night, or 16 minutes of labeled data from the subject, BodyCompass's corresponding accuracy is 94%, 87%, and 84%, respectively.
The making of Class C fly ash as high-strength precast construction material through geopolymerization

A study has been carried out to apply fly ash as a high strength, water-resistant precast construction material through geopolymerization. Experiment results show that the working conditions such as water content, the concentration of NaOH, curing temperature, and curing time significantly affect the mechanical property of geopolymer matrix. Through optimization, an above-100 MPa compressive strength has been achieved with the geopolymerization products. The optimum working conditions involves 10 M NaOH concentration, 14–15% water content, and curing at 90 °C in an oven for 1 day or at ambient condition for 3 weeks. Adding Ca(OH)2 does not help to increase the compressive strength of the specimen. Water soaking tests show that the geopolymerization product has a very high water resistance without losing noticeable compressive strength, even after a 1-month soaking time. To elucidate the geopolymerization mechanism, microscopic techniques such as SEM/EDS (scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction) and ATR-FTIR (attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared) are also applied to investigate the microstructure, the elemental and phase composition of geopolymerization products. The findings of the present work provide a novel method for applying fly ash as a high-strength water-resistant precast construction material.
Stability and electronic properties of edges of SnS 2

Because of its two-dimensional structure and semiconducting properties, tin disulfide $({\mathrm{SnS}}_{2})$ is of interest for many applications, such as photocatalysis, photovoltaics, sensing, and electronics. While the atomic and electronic structure of bulk and monolayer ${\mathrm{SnS}}_{2}$ have been studied, much less is known about the edges of layers. Such edges could have a major influence on the performance of ${\mathrm{SnS}}_{2}$. This paper reports on density functional theory (DFT) simulations of the atomic and electronic structure of the edges of ${\mathrm{SnS}}_{2}$. We modeled several different edge terminations at various S coverages and orientations, as well as performed thermodynamic analysis of edge terminations. Our results show that edges with 0% and 50% S atoms are most stable and that higher S coverage are unstable. We directly link edge stability with environmental temperature and pressure, which will guide the experimental synthesis of ${\mathrm{SnS}}_{2}$ materials. We found all the edges to be semiconducting, unlike other metal chalcogenides, and that the band gap energy decreased with increasing S coverage. Semiconducting edges could lead to lower charge recombination rates and better photocatalytic performance. Our calculations also show that edges may have direct or indirect band gaps, depending on the edge termination. Finally, we examined the reactivity of edges through hydrogen dissociation and found edges to be more reactive than basal planes. Our work provides important details on the nature of ${\mathrm{SnS}}_{2}$ edges and how these edges influence the electrical and chemical features of ${\mathrm{SnS}}_{2}$.
Photolithographically Printed Flexible Silk/PEDOT:PSS Temperature Sensors

Precise, real-time monitoring of temperature in flexible and bioconformable formats finds applications in healthcare and disease diagnostics. There is interest in the fabrication of biocompatible a...
Differentiating Conflicts in Beliefs vs. Value Trade-Offs in the Domestic Intelligence Policy Debate

Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, there has been an increase in public discussion regarding US domestic intelligence activities. Domestic intelligence activities focus on gathering information about potential threats from individuals within the US, and completely rational members of the public can have different opinions about the acceptability of various alternatives depending on one’s values toward privacy, civil liberty, and security. Past studies have demonstrated that construction of a multi-objective value model can help clarify public values in controversial risk debates. This paper explores a range of domestic intelligence alternatives that vary on multiple objectives, and applies value-focused thinking to develop a multi-attribute utility model to evaluate and compare the alternatives. We demonstrate the feasibility of eliciting model parameters from individuals and provide a method for identifying the locus of possible disagreements among individuals. We first describe the development of the model, and then present insights found from participants who provided both value trade-offs and performance scores for six different domestic intelligence alternatives. We collected responses from two student groups and a group of police officers. We find differences among weights for an additive model for different stakeholder groups and differences among the performance scores. In particular, we find a “halo” effect for alternatives, such that its supporters ranked the alternative higher on all attributes compared to respondents who find the alternative unacceptable. Our modeling approach and results offer organizations such as the Department of Homeland Security insights into the debate surrounding new policy initiatives, particularly those requiring sensitive value tradeoffs.
High Temperature Insulation Materials for DC Cable Insulation — Part I: Space Charge and Conduction

Fundamental studies of potential candidates for DC electric power transmission in high temperature environment, including ETFE, FEP, PTFE, PI and PEEK, are carried out and presented in form of the series papers containing space charge and conduction as part I, partial discharge as part II, and the degradation and surface breakdown as part III. In this part, the space charge at 20kV/mm was measured at 25 °C and with a thermal gradient at 50 °C. The electrical conductivity was measured at electric fields ranging from 10kV/mm to 30kV/mm in temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 200 °C. The experimental results showed that considering the effect of thermal condition and electric field, FEP has the lowest total amount of space charge accumulation and electric field distortion among these materials at the measured conditions. PI and PEEK have the lowest amount of trap-controlled mobility at 25 °C due to deeper average trap level because of the aromatic rings in the structure. PTFE and PI have the lowest amount of thermal activation energy and temperature-dependent electrical conductivity due to the more uniform morphological phase comparing to ETFE, FEP, and PEEK. The outcomes of this paper serve as a benchmark for the fundamental researches over high temperature materials for DC applications and lay a basis for Part II and Part III.
Critical Analysis of Apixaban Dose Adjustment Criteria

Apixaban is indicated for the prevention of ischemic stroke in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), as well as for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Dose adjustment ...
Peridynamics for Quasistatic Fracture Modeling

Fracture involves interaction across large and small length scales. With the application of enough stress or strain to a brittle material, atomistic scale bonds will break, leading to fracture of the macroscopic specimen. From the perspective of mechanics fracture should appear as an emergent phenomena generated by a continuum field theory eliminating the need for a supplemental kinetic relation describing crack growth. We develop a new fast method for modeling quasi-static fracture using peridynamics. We apply fixed point theory and model stable crack evolution for hard and soft loading. For soft loading we recover unstable fracture. For hard loading we recover stable crack growth. We show existence of quasistatic fracture solutions in the neighborhood of stable critical points for appropriately defined energies. The numerical method uses an analytic stiffness matrix for fast numerical implementation. A rigorous mathematical analysis shows that the method converges for load paths associated with soft and hard loading. For soft loading the crack becomes unstable shortly after the stress at the tip of the pre-crack reaches the material strength.
Mammary Tumorigenesis and Metabolome in Male Adipose Specific Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 Deficient MMTV-PyMT Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.

Male breast cancer, while uncommon, is a highly malignant disease. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) is an adipokine; its concentration in adipose tissue is elevated in obesity. This study tested the hypothesis that adipose-derived MCP-1 contributes to male breast cancer. In a 2x2 design, male MMTV-PyMT mice with or without adipose-specific Mcp-1 knockout [designated as Mcp-1-/- or wild-type (WT)] were fed the AIN93G standard diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 25 weeks. Mcp-1-/- mice had lower adipose Mcp-1 expression than WT mice. Adipose Mcp-1 deficiency reduced plasma concentrations of MCP-1 in mice fed the HFD compared to their WT counterparts. Mcp-1-/- mice had a longer tumor latency (25.2 weeks vs. 18.0 weeks) and lower tumor incidence (19% vs. 56%), tumor progression (2317% vs. 4792%), and tumor weight (0.23 g vs. 0.64 g) than WT mice. Plasma metabolomics analysis identified 56 metabolites that differed among the four dietary groups, including 22 differed between Mcp-1-/- and WT mice. Pathway and network analyses along with discriminant analysis showed that pathways of amino acid and carbohydrate metabolisms are the most disturbed in MMTV-PyMT mice. In conclusion, adipose-derived MCP-1 contributes to mammary tumorigenesis in male MMTV-PyMT. The potential involvement of adipose-derived MCP-1 in metabolomics warrants further investigation on its role in causal relationships between cancer metabolism and mammary tumorigenesis in this male MMTV-PyMT model.
New onset tinnitus in the absence of hearing changes following COVID-19 infection.

Abstract Background A variety of neurosensory symptoms including tinnitus have been associated with COVID-19 infection. While most cases of tinnitus are associated with hearing loss, here we report a case of severe tinnitus following COVID-19 infection with normal thresholds through 8000 Hz. Case report A 49-year-old male presented with new onset severe tinnitus following COVID-19 infection. Tinnitus was bilateral, constant and nonpulsatile. Audiometric evaluation revealed normal threshold through 8000 Hz, with mild hearing loss at 16,000 Hz. Conservative measures including masking strategies failed to mitigate symptoms. A trial of gabapentin 300 mg twice per day improved tinnitus with no notable side effects. Conclusion This patient may represent a subpopulation of patients who suffer from severe tinnitus following COVID-19 infection in the setting of largely normal hearing. The pathophysiology may be distinct from the more common hearing loss associated tinnitus and perhaps neuromodulators may play a larger role in mitigating tinnitus in this patient subset.
Clinicopathologic and Proteomic Analysis of Amyloidomas Involving the Ocular Surface and Adnexa.

Objectives Ocular amyloidoma is a rare disorder characterized by deposition of insoluble proteinaceous fibrils in the extracellular space of the ocular adnexa. This study details the clinicopathologic features and proteomic characteristics of periocular amyloid deposition. Methods Specimens (1991-2020) were retrieved and reviewed. All available H&E slides and special stains were reviewed. Proteomic analysis was performed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for IgG, IgG4, IgA, IgD, IgM, CD20, CD3, CD138, and κ/λ, as well as chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Results There were 14 patients (7 men, 7 women). The depositions involved eyelid (n = 3), conjunctiva (n = 8), and orbit (n = 3). All patients were adults with a median age at diagnosis of 56 (range, 39-88) years. The deposits were predominantly λ light chain restricted (n = 6) and mixed light chains (n = 2), and one case was κ predominant. Two of the cases with a mixture of κ and λ light chains had an excess of transthyretin by mass spectrometry. Four of the cases did not have adequate material for proteomic subtyping. Conclusions Amyloidomas involving ocular adnexa contain a variety of amyloid-related and immunoglobulin-associated peptides. The λ light chain predominates as in other body sites, but mixed patterns and rarely κ light chain restriction may be encountered.
Combining Control Strategies Using Genetic Algorithms with Memory

We use a genetic algorithm augmented with a long term memory to design control strategies for a simulated robot, a mobile vehicle operating in a two-dimensional environment. The simulated robot has five touch sensors, two sound sensors, and two motors that drive locomotive tank tracks. A genetic algorithm trains the robot in several specially-designed simulation environments for evolving basic behaviors such as food approach, obstacle avoidance, and wall following. Control strategies for a more complex environment are then designed by selecting solutions from the stored strategies evolved for basic behaviors, ranking them according to their performance in the new complex environment and introducing them into a genetic algorithm's initial population. This augmented memory-based genetic algorithm quickly combines the basic behaviors and finds control strategies for performing well in the more complex environment.