cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Historical ground-water-flow patterns and trends in iron concentrations in the Potomac--Raritan--Magothy aquifer system in parts of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Camden and Gloucester Counties, New Jersey

The Potomac-Raritan-Magothy (PRM) aquifer system is an important sole-source ground-water supply in Camden and Gloucester Counties, N.J. Elevated iron concentrations are a persistent water-quality problem associated with ground water from the PRM. In Philadelphia, the PRM no longer is usable as a water supply because of highly elevated concentrations of iron (as high as 429 mg/L [milligrams per liter]), manganese (as high as 4 mg/L), and sulfate (as high as 1,720 mg/L). A strongly reducing environment in the PRM in south Philadelphia causes these constituents to be remobilized by reductive dissolution of the aquifer matrix. By the 1920s, ground-water pumping changed the natural ground-water-flow patterns, and ground water flowed toward pumping centers in Philadelphia. By 1940, recharge areas changed from the topographically high areas east of Trenton, N.J., to the outcrop area of the PRM in Philadelphia, and the Delaware River became a source of recharge instead of a point of ground-water discharge. By 1954, the cone of depression caused by pumping at the former Philadelphia Naval Ship Yard (PNSY) exceeded 50 feet below NGVD 29, and the direction of ground-water flow was from New Jersey toward Philadelphia. Because of highly elevated concentrations of iron and manganese, pumping at the former PNSY ceased in the mid-1960s. Beginning about 1951, increased ground-water withdrawals from the PRM in New Jersey reversed the hydraulic gradient so that ground-water flow was from Philadelphia toward New Jersey under the Delaware River, making Philadelphia a recharge area for the PRM aquifer system in parts of Camden and Gloucester Counties. By 1988, water levels in the lower aquifer of the PRM in New Jersey had declined to 103 feet below NAVD 88. In 1943, dissolved iron concentrations ranged from 0.07 to 0.6 mg/L at the former PNSY. By 1967 when the wells at the PNSY were abandoned, dissolved iron concentrations had reached 46 mg/L. Dissolved iron concentrations in water from industrial wells in Philadelphia increased from 0.17 mg/L in 1949 to 19 mg/L in 1979. The concentration of dissolved iron in water from wells screened in the lower aquifer in New Jersey also increased with time. By 1985, dissolved iron concentrations were as high as 16 mg/L for Eagle Point refinery wells.
Biological Responses to Chemokine Superfamily Members

A detailed summary of all the chemokine subfamily members including alternative names, receptor-ligand pairs, receptor cellular distribution, and leukocyte responsiveness is presented here along with assays to measure the biological activities of chemokines on each of the major leukocyte subsets (i.e., microchemotaxis chambers, fluorescence-based assays, use of nitrocellulose filters and membranes coated with extracellular matrix proteins, cellular adhesion assays, mobilization of intracellular free calcium, actin polymerization, degranulation assays, and the use of chemokine receptor-specific antibodies in flow cytometric analysis and radiolabeled chemokine binding assays).
Cant, Rant, Gibberish, and Jargon

In a recent note in these pages, etymologies were offered for a cluster of terms, many now dated but earlier often seen in close association, that designated witty turns of phrase: pun, quibble, ca...
Mutual Information for Automated Multimodal Image Warping

A quantitative assessment of mapping accuracy based on mutual information index (MI), calculated from gray scale 2D histogram, is applied to an automated multimodality (un)warping algorithm. Information rich histological image data, which present non-linear deformations due to the specimen sectioning, is reconstituted into deformation-corrected, 3D volumes for geometric mapping to anatomical data for spatial analyses. Thin-plate-spline (TPS) algorithm has been implemented for automatic unwarping of the distortions using a multivariate optimizer and MI as a global cost function. The MI proves to be a robust objective matching criterion effective for automatic multimodality warping for 2D data sets and can be readily applied to volumetric 3D registrations. The improved performance of TPS warping compared to full affine transformation is quantified by comparison of MI's of both methods.
Porous silica via colloidal crystallization

Microstructured porous silicas have potential applications in catalysis, separations, coatings, microelectronics and electro-optics, but methods for producing materials with uniform submicrometre pores have not been available. We have now developed a method in which modified colloidal crystals are used as templates for silica polymerization. This method yields products with highly uniform and structured pores of tuneable size in the submicrometre region.
Extremal Optimization: An Evolutionary Local-Search Algorithm

A recently introduced general-purpose heuristic for finding high-quality solutions for many hard optimization problems is reviewed. The method is inspired by recent progress in understanding far-from-equilibrium phenomena in terms ofself-organized criticality, a concept introduced to describe emergent complexity in physical systems. This method, calledextremal optimization, successively replaces the value of extremely undesirable variables in a sub-optimal solution with new, random ones. Large, avalanche-like fluctuations in the cost function self-organize from this dynamics, effectively scaling barriers to explore local optima in distant neighborhoods of the configuration space while eliminating the need to tune parameters. Drawing upon models used to simulate the dynamics of granular media, evolution, or geology, extremal optimization complements approximation methods inspired by equilibrium statistical physics, such assimulated annealing. It may be but one example of applying new insights intonon-equilibrium phenomenasystematically to hard optimization problems. This method is widely applicable and so far has proved competitive with — and even superior to — more elaborate general-purpose heuristics on testbeds of constrained optimization problems with up to 105variables, such as bipartitioning, coloring, and satisfiability. Analysis of a suitable model predicts the only free parameter of the method in accordance with all experimental results.
The influence of frame alignment with dose compensation on the quality of single particle reconstructions.

As direct electron detection devices in cryo-electron microscopy become ubiquitous, the field is now ripe for new developments in image analysis techniques that take advantage of their increased SNR coupled with their high-throughput frame collection abilities. In approaching atomic resolution of native-like biomolecules, the accurate extraction of structural locations and orientations of side-chains from frames depends not only on the electron dose that a sample receives but also on the ability to accurately estimate the CTF. Here we use a new 2.8A resolution structure of a recombinant gene therapy virus, AAV-DJ with Arixtra, imaged on an FEI Titan Krios with a DE-20 direct electron detector to probe new metrics including relative side-chain density and ResLog analysis for optimizing the compensation of electron beam damage and to characterize the factors that are limiting the resolution of the reconstruction. The influence of dose compensation on the accuracy of CTF estimation and particle classifiability are also presented. We show that rigorous dose compensation allows for better particle classifiability and greater recovery of structural information from negatively charged, electron-sensitive side-chains, resulting in a more accurate macromolecular model.
Analysis of pre-rRNAs in heat-shocked HeLa cells allows identification of the upstream termination site of human polymerase I transcription.

Abstract Human rRNA precursor from normal or stressed HeLa cells were studied by S1 nuclease mapping of unlabeled RNA and by antisense RNase mapping of RNA from cells that had been labeled in vivo with [32P]PO4. Heating cells to 43 degrees C decreased the amount of newly synthesized rRNA to less than 5% of the control level and led to greater than 95% inhibition of transcription termination at a region 355 to 362 nucleotides downstream of the 3' end of 28S rRNA, with readthrough continuing into the next transcription unit. Heating of cells to 42 degrees C led to 60% inhibition of termination at this site; 50% of transcripts that extended into the nontranscribed spacer ended in a region 200 to 210 nucleotides upstream of the polymerase I (Pol I) initiation site. This is presumed to be the human upstream transcription termination site because of the absence of RNAs with a 5' end corresponding to this region, the location relative to the Pol I initiation site (which is similar to the location of upstream terminators in other species), and the fact that it is 15 to 25 nucleotides upstream of the sequence GGGTTGACC, which has an 8-of-9 base identity with the sequence 3' of the downstream termination site. Surprisingly, treatment of cells with sodium arsenite, which also leads to the induction of a stress response, did not inhibit termination. Pol I initiation was decreased to the same extent as termination, which lends support to the hypothesis that termination and initiation are coupled. Although termination was almost completely inhibited at 43 degrees C, the majority of the recently synthesized rRNAs were processed to have the correct 3' end of 28S. This finding suggests that 3'-end formation can involve an endonucleolytic cut and is not solely dependent on exonucleolytic trimming of correctly terminated rRNAs.
Yield improvement for a 3.5-ns BiCMOS technology in a 200-mm manufacturing line

Various issues pertinent to producing high volumes of a high-end BiCMOS technology in a 200-mm manufacturing line are described. The technology consists of a baseline 0.8- mu m CMOS process with four levels of metal and 0.45- mu m L/sub eff/ FETs, to which has been added a boron-implanted precision resistor, a 14-GHz vertical NPN with As-doped polysilicon, and an antimony-doped subcollector. Chips fabricated in the technology include a 3.5-ns 576 K BiCMOS SRAM and a 200 K BiCMOS gate array with a 180-ps gate delay. Yield detractors unique to the integration of the BiCMOS elements are discussed and solutions presented. In particular, collector-emitter shorts, a spurious polysilicon filament, management of the critical emitter window image, and modulation of the titanium silicide/silicon interfacial resistance are considered. >
Reconstructions of conductive and insulating targets using the D-bar method on an elliptical domain

The D-bar algorithm based on A Nachman's 2D global uniqueness proof for the inverse conductivity problem (Nachman 1996 Ann. Math. 143 71–96) is implemented on an elliptical domain. The scattering transform is computed on an ellipse and the complete electrode model (CEM) for the forward problem is computed with the finite element method (FEM) in order to obtain static conductivity reconstructions of conductive and insulating targets in a saline-filled tank. It is demonstrated that the spatial artifacts in the image are significantly reduced when the domain is properly modeled in the reconstruction, as opposed to being modeled as a disk.
Molecular docking of inhibitors into monoamine oxidase B

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) functions in the deamination of monoamines, including dopamine and norepinephrine. The search for MAO-B inhibitors increased following the discovery that the enzyme may be responsible for generating neurotoxins from various endogenous or exogenous compounds. Computational screening methods aid in the search for new inhibitors, but validation studies for specific software packages and receptors are necessary for effective application of these methods. In this study, DOCK 6.0.0 was used to dock a series of inhibitors to MAO-B. Included were studies of re-docking ligands into MAO-B crystal structures, after which a set of 30 compounds with known inhibition constants for MAO-B were docked, including 15 strong inhibitors and 15 weak inhibitors. Good agreement was observed between the top experimental inhibitors and the top ranked docking results, and key interactions between the ligands and receptor were identified.
Renal functional effects of 2,4,5‐trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and silvex after acute and prolonged exposure

2,4,5‐Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5‐T) and trichlorophenoxyproprionic acid (silvex) are herbicides whose agricultural or industrial use might result in environmental contamination. Although the plasma half‐life of acute doses less than 50 mg/kg is approximately 4.2 h, chronic administration of single daily doses of 20 mg/kg 2,4,5‐T results in apparent accumulation of the herbicide. This result, coupled with the ability of these herbicides to inhibit the renal organic onion transport system, suggests that prolonged exposure could produce chronic or cumulative inhibition of renal onion transport. Cumulative effects should be observable as an enhanced effect of prolonged exposure compared with the effect of an acute dose. Acute administration of 100 mg/kg 2,4,5‐T to Sprague‐Dawley rats decreased p‐aminohippurate (PAH) accumulation and 2,4,5‐T accumulation into renal cortical slices by 58 and 34%, respectively. Daily administration of 100 mg/kg 2,4,5‐T for 2 wk did not, however, enhance the depression in...
Of Cannibals, Tourists, and Ethnographers

Cannibal Tours, by Australian filmmaker O'Rourke, is about German, Italian, and American tourists who take a commercial group tour up the Sepik River in Papua New Guinea. The title of the film derives from the fascination of Western tourists with cannibalism. The tourists are aware that New Guinea has been pacified and that cannibalism is prohibited, but they want to experience the primitive, to visit a place where cannibalism had been practiced, to observe the peoples whose ancestors had eaten human flesh, and to hear stories about the wild, the savage, and the exotic. If cannibalism were still practiced, or if there were any real danger, or if the infrastructure of luxurious river boats, first class air-conditioned hotels, and moder air transportation were not present, the tourists, of course, would not go to New Guinea. They seek the titillation of a vicarious brush with danger. They want to see firsthand the ultimate savage Other, with penis sheath, painted face, and spear, but only from the secure and safe vantage point of luxury tourism, and only after the disappearance of the original object. Tourism prefers the reconstructed object, and indeed, this preference for the simulacrum is the essence of postmodern tourism, where the copy is more than the original (Baudrillard 1983; Eco 1986). In the non-Western world, there is probably an optimum time in local history for each kind of European visitor. Explorers, traders, missionaries, and colonialists come first, to discover, exploit, convert, and colonize, and are followed by ethnographers and eventually tourists, who come to study or just to observe the Other. Tourism, like ethnography, is not equipped to handle the rigors of first contact, but does best after other agents of European civilization have pacified the
Correlations of Scores on the Nelson-Denny Reading Test, Form E, and Measures of Academic Aptitude, Academic Achievement, Readers' Attitude, and Students' Self-Concept

Summary.-Correlations between the Nelson-Denny Reading Test, Form E and ACT composite scores are similar to those reported in the manual which supports the test author's suggestion that the Nelson-Denny can be used to predict academic success. A low correlation was found between self-reported GPA and scores on the reading test, Form E and between Nelson-Denny scores, Form E and attitudes toward reading bur none with students' self-concepts.
Impedance of a loop surrounding a conducting cylinder

The change in complex impedance between an ideal one-turn coil surrounding and coaxial with an infinitely long circular cylinder of conductivity δ and permeability μ and a similar coil without the core has been calculated. From the exact expression, a power series in the quantity δ/b (δ=skin depth; b=radius of core) has been developed. From this result, the change in impedance of a physically realistic multiturn coil can be estimated. The theory permits a rational approach to optimization of the design of eddy-current test coils and provides a possible means of detecting changes in the radius and conductivity of the cylinder.
Rapid Damage eXplorer (RDX): A Probabilistic Framework for Learning Changes from Bitemporal Images

Recent decade has witnessed major changes on the Earth, for example, deforestation, varying cropping and human settlement patterns, and crippling damages due to disasters. Accurate damage assessment caused by major natural and anthropogenic disasters is becoming critical due to increases in human and economic loss. This increase in loss of life and severe damages can be attributed to the growing population, as well as human migration to the disaster prone regions of the world. Rapid assessment of these changes and dissemination of accurate information is critical for creating an effective emergency response. Change detection using high-resolution satellite images is a primary tool in assessing damages, monitoring biomass and critical infrastructures, and identifying new settlements. In this demo, we present a novel supervised probabilistic framework for identifying changes using very high-resolution multispectral, and bitemporal remote sensing images. Our demo shows that the rapid damage explorer (RDX) system is resilient to registration errors and differing sensor characteristics.
Comparison of Beta-Adrenoceptors in Bovine Airway Epithelium and Smooth-Muscle Cells

This study was undertaken to compare the characteristics of beta-adrenoceptors in bovine airway epithelium and smooth muscle cells. [3H]Dihydroalprenolol (DHA) was used as the radioligand. There was a significant difference in both the affinity and the density of the specific [3H]DHA binding in both the membranes. The maximum number of binding sites was about two fold higher and the affinity about six fold greater in the epithelial membranes as compared to those in the smooth muscle membranes. Because the integrity of airway epithelium is very important for pulmonary function and airway epithelium is very rich in beta-adrenoceptors, it is possible that the beneficial effects of beta-adrenoceptor agonists in asthma and other airway diseases could, at least in part, be due to their action on epithelium.
Electron-Phonon Self-Energies in Many-Valley Semiconductors

The temperature dependence of band edges is discussed in many-valley semiconductors for intermediate and high temperatures. Electron-phonon self-energies are evaluated using a sphericalized, nonparabolic conduction band model. The intravalley and intervalley contributions to the electron-phonon scattering are shown to have the characteristics of Debye and Einstein functions, respectively. The results are shown to be in agreement with measurements of the temperature dependence of the indirect gap ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{25}^{\ensuremath{'}}}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{1}$ in Ge.
The Role of Protein Context in Disease-Related Huntingtin Protein/Lipid Interface Interactions

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of a poly-glutamine (poly-Q) region near the N-terminus of the huntingtin (htt) protein. Expansion of the poly-Q region above 35-40 repeats results in the disease that is characterized by inclusion body aggregates of mutated protein. The poly-Q region of htt is flanked by a 17 amino acid N-terminal sequence (N17) and a region of proline repeats (P11). As the cell membrane has been proposed to play a role in mediating htt aggregation, Langmuir trough techniques were used to investigate the effects of flanking regions on the surface activity and insertion of htt peptide constructs into a lipid monolayer. Four peptide constructs were tested: N17-Q35-KK, N17-Q35-P11-KK, KK-Q35-KK and KK-Q35-P11-KK, where the additional lysine residues were attached to improve solubility. Surface activity was measured to determine the affinity of each peptide for the air-water interface. The constructs containing the N-terminal sequence had higher surface activities compared to those without. Inclusion of the polyproline region with the N-terminal sequence contributed to the highest surface activity. To determine peptide association with a cell membrane, insertion of each peptide into a monolayer of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) held at a constant surface pressure was also investigated. Peptides with the flanking N-terminus showed appreciable monolayer insertion. The polyproline region only mediated and increased the degree of insertion when the N-terminus was also present. Rates of insertion of the constructs containing the N-terminus were comparable, while those without this region were markedly slower. Experiments were repeated using monolayers of total brain extract to better model a physiological environment with similar results. The amino acid environment surrounding the poly-Q region dramatically affects peptide association with the cell membrane and this may potentially mediate the aggregation process.
Effect of deprivation level on span of attention in a multi-dimension discrimination task

Twelve male hooded rats were trained on a discrimination task in which two perfectly correlated cues (size and shape) were present. Half of the Ss were trained under moderate level of water deprivation (MOD group) while the other group was highly water-deprived (HI group). Not only did MOD Ss learn the task more quickly than HI Ss, but the former made fewer errors on tests utilizing only the shape cues. This study supports the hypothesis that span of attention is inversely related to drive level.
Injectables for urethral incompetence

The failure to store urine secondary to bladder outflow incompetence requires a method of treatment to increase outflow resistance. The methods of injectable therapy as a modality to cause an additional resistance to the flow of urine are discussed. Results obtained with polytetrafluoroethylene (Polytef) and GAX-collagen (Contigen), presently under investigation, are presented. Excellent efficacy was attained for both substances: >90% of women and 75% of men were rendered continent within two treatments. Concerns over particle migration reduce the utility of Polytef, especially in younger patients. Thus far, Contigen appears to be safe as well as efficacious. The best results for injectables were obtained in patients who did not have detrusor problems, had adequate bladder capacity, and showed no anatomic abnormality. Injectable techniques for the treatment of urinary incontinence were well tolerated by patients of all ages and reduced the need for major surgery. This modality of treatment should be added to the armamentarium of individuals involved in the management of urinary incontinence.
Sepsis and Meningitis Associated with Anal Dilation in a Newborn Infant

La dilatation anorectale est le traitement habituel des lesions stenotiques associees aux anomalies anorectales. Les complications sont exceptionnelles. Un cas est decrit avec septicemie et meningite a flore enterale. Apres controle du processus infectieux, mise en evidence d'un anus anterieur ectopique corrige par anoplastie. Evolution satisfaisante
Exact analytical expressions for the piezometric profile and water exchange between stream and groundwater during and after a uniform rise of the stream level

[1] We consider an archetypical problem relevant to a confined aquifer in contact with a stream. The model problem consists of an idealized one-dimensional region 0 ≤ x ≤ L, where the left boundary at x = 0 is held at a fixed piezometric head h0, and the right boundary's piezometric head at x = L is increased from hL to h0 at a constant rate. Exact solutions for all times, all points in the aquifer, and for any possible constant rate of change of the right boundary piezometric head are presented for the piezometric head and the instantaneous flow rate. An exact expression for the exchange volume at the groundwater/stream interface for an arbitrary time is also provided. This expression shows that there is a specific critical rising rate of the stream level above which the net exchange volume is into the aquifer and below which it is out of the aquifer. The solution shows that regardless of the rise rate, a certain water volume, inversely proportional to the rise rate, enters the aquifer.
Quantitative in vivo immunohistochemistry of epidermal growth factor receptor using a receptor concentration imaging approach

As receptor-targeted therapeutics become increasingly used in clinical oncology, the ability to quantify protein expression and pharmacokinetics in vivo is imperative to ensure successful individualized treatment plans. Current standards for receptor analysis are performed on extracted tissues. These measurements are static and often physiologically irrelevant, therefore, only a partial picture of available receptors for drug targeting in vivo is provided. Until recently, in vivo measurements were limited by the inability to separate delivery, binding, and retention effects but this can be circumvented by a dual-tracer approach for referencing the detected signal. We hypothesized that in vivo receptor concentration imaging (RCI) would be superior to ex vivo immunohistochemistry. Using multiple xenograft tumor models with varying epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, we determined the EGFR concentration in each model using a novel targeted agent (anti-EGFR affibody-IRDye800CW conjugate) along with a simultaneously delivered reference agent (control affibody-IRDye680RD conjugate). The RCI-calculated in vivo receptor concentration was strongly correlated with ex vivo pathologist-scored immunohistochemistry and computer-quantified ex vivo immunofluorescence. In contrast, no correlation was observed with ex vivo Western blot or in vitro flow cytometry assays. Overall, our results argue that in vivo RCI provides a robust measure of receptor expression equivalent to ex vivo immuno-staining, with implications for use in non-invasive monitoring of therapy or therapeutic guidance during surgery.
A radioisotopic-exchange method for quantitation of short-chain (acid-soluble) acylcarnitines.

Abstract A reliable and sensitive method for the quantitation of picomole amounts of acetylcarnitine, propionylcarnitine, aliphatic 4-carbon, and 5-carbon acylcarnitines has been developed. The procedure requires the measurement of the amounts of carnitine and acid-soluble carnitine and then the enzymatic exchange of 3H- or 14C-labeled l -carnitine into the acylcarnitine pool using commercial carnitine acetyltransferase, essentially free of acyl-CoA hydrolase activity. After isotopic equilibrium is obtained, the radioactive acylcarnitines are separated using either HPLC or thin-layer chromatography. Procedures for both are described. After separation, the amounts of radioactivity in the acylcarnitines are determined and the amount of individual acylcarnitines can be calculated from the specific activity of the initial total carnitine pool or from the ratio of dpm in the acylcarnitine fraction/dpm in free carnitine × (nanomoles l -carnitine) in the sample. The method has several advantages over current procedures, including rapidity, use of small sample sizes, simplicity, and reliability.
Emission thermophotometry. III. Some nylon polymers

Abstract The emission thermophotometry (ETP) curves of selected nylon polymers are presented. The ETP curves, which are recordings of the polymer light emission versus temperature, are used as characterization tools for the compounds. Each curve is unique and specific for a given polymer. The light emission is probably due to an n → π* transition from an electronically excited ketone formed by the decomposition of a peroxy radical during the polymer oxidation process.
The thermal decay of metarhodopsin II380 in the frog retina

Abstract The kinetics of the thermal decay of metarhodopsin II 380 have been investigated in the excised frog ( Rana pipiens ) retina. Two first order processes have been separated and the rate constants and activation parameters for these processes have been determined. Another faster process is also suggested by the data. The activation parameters of the slowest process are consistent with values obtained for the decay of metarhodopsin II 380 in the retina of the albino rat and solutions of cattle rhodopsin. The reaction shows no pH dependence. The faster process has somewhat different activation values and is pH dependent. The results suggest a reaction involving a major disordering of the molecule or solvent.
Use of a hand-held computer to calculate Debye temperatures of cubic crystals from elastic constants

A hand‐held computer that can be easily carried in a pocket was programmed in BASIC to do a numerical integration over 1/16 of a unit sphere in order to calculate the Debye temperatures of cubic crystals from elastic constant data. The computer program was designed to solve a third‐order equation involving the elastic constants so the velocity of acoustic waves in many different directions in the crystal could be determined and the information used to evaluate the average velocity integral. The results obtained for the elastic Debye temperatures agree with previous values calculated with programs running on large mainframe computers.
Relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for refractory anemia is increased by shielding lungs and liver during total body irradiation.

Patients with the refractory anemia (RA) subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome who undergo allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) have a low risk of relapse, but they have a high risk of nonrelapse mortality when prepared with conventional preparative regimens. To try to reduce nonrelapse mortality, we treated 14 RA patients with a modified approach to total body irradiation (TBI) followed by cyclophosphamide (CY) and HLA-identical sibling BMT. Median patient age was 44 years (range, 28 to 65 years). Patients received TBI with shielding of the right lobe of the liver and both lungs followed by electron beam boosts to shielded ribs. Total radiation exposure in nonshielded areas was 12 Gy (n = 10), 10 Gy (n = 3), or 6 Gy (n = 1). After TBI, patients received CY at 120 mg/kg over 2 days, followed by transplantation of unmanipulated bone marrow. All patients initially achieved engraftment with donor cells, although 2 patients had subsequent reemergence of host hematopoiesis without evidence of disease relapse. Five patients died of transplantation-related causes between 22 and 1262 days post-BMT. Four patients relapsed between 157 and 1096 days post-BMT. These 14 patients were compared with 46 historical controls with RA who received conventional CY/TBI or busulfan/CY preparative regimens. Patients in the experimental group had a similar nonrelapse mortality rate compared with the historical control group (29% versus 37%, respectively; P = .8), but a higher relapse rate (34% versus 2%, P = .0004) and a lower disease-free survival (38% versus 61%, P = .16). We conclude that this modified TBI approach is associated with an unacceptably high risk of relapse for patients with RA undergoing BMT.
Psychological empowerment and structural empowerment among nurse practitioners.

Abstract Purpose: Empowering workplaces provide practitioners with access to information, support, resources, and opportunities to learn and grow. Empowerment is also a psychological process, which occurs when one has a sense of motivation in relation to the workplace environment. There is no previous research on the relationship of psychological empowerment and structural empowerment in nurse practitioner (NP) practice. Data Sources: Structural empowerment was measured using the conditions of work effectiveness questionnaire-II (CWEQ-II), and psychological empowerment was measured using Spreitzer's psychological empowerment scale. The sample consisted of 74 NPs in the state of Connecticut. The correlational scores for the instruments were derived with n = 72 as two subjects had extreme scores on multiple variables and were excluded. There were significant correlations between psychological and structural empowerment for total scores, and within 10 of these tools' subscales. Conclusions: The NPs who participated in this study scored high on perceptions of structural empowerment and psychological empowerment. The results of the psychological empowerment instrument indicated that the NPs value their work and find meaning in what they do. Implications for Practice: The relationships between psychological empowerment and structural empowerment have been linked to work effectiveness, quality patient care, cost-effectiveness, and retention. Study results support an implication that it is of critical importance for the organization or practice setting to facilitate both psychological and structural empowerment to the NP to ensure successful practice.
Hydrodynamic Fractionation of Macromolecules. I. A Simple Theory

Abstract A new mechanism for separation in gel permeation chromatography (CPC) or gel filtration has been developed based upon the postulate that flow occurs through the gel phase. On the basis of the hydrodynamic nature of the separation mechanism, the new name Hydrodynamic Fractionation is proposed. A theory has been formulated for the case of equal pore size in the gel phase and equal sized spaces between the beads. This theory predicts the elution volume vs molecular weight curve. The flow-rate dependence of the separation peaks is investigated. The theoretically predicted relationship between molecular weight and elution volume compares very well with the gel permeation experiments using glass beads as packing probably because these packings correspond most closely to the assumptions in the theory. In the cross-linked polymer packing where a large distribution of pore sizes exists the theory does not fit well; however, it does predict the general shape of the curve. The flow-rate dependence of the se...
Permanence and Change in the Paterson, New Jersey, of William Carlos Williams

Events of the past two decades in Paterson, New Jersey, provide some additional insight into the diachronous history of the site of this important piece of literature. The first symbol in the poem, the river, has changed little over the years. The upland area, in the poem a bucolic, pristine setting in contrast to the industrialism of the city, is less rural now and more suburban, but still bucolic. Singac, Little Falls, and Two Bridges maintain that quality along the Passaic because, despite engineering efforts, the area is still a flood plain where houses can be put under water by a few days of rain. So lush lawns and arching trees, both aided by the river as a continuing source of humidity, add picturesqueness to an area of attractive, moderate-priced houses, their value held down by the threat of floods, large areas still: oozy fields abandoned to grey beds of dead grass, black sumac, withered weed-stalks, mud and thickets cluttered with dead leaves.2
Polarized Channel Model for Body Area Networks Using Reflection Coefficients

A geometry-based propagation model is proposed for wideband polarized body area network (BAN) channels. Reflection coefficient functions ( $\Gamma$ -functions) are derived as a function of geometry-based channel modeling parameters for more precise modeling of polarized BAN channels than existing polarized channel models, which exclude the reflection coefficients or use constant-valued reflection coefficients. Conservation-of-polarization (CoP) propagation planes along with geometrical $\Gamma$ -functions, which we call the CoP - ${\mit\Gamma} $ plane methodology , are used to derive the channel polarization functions. Statistical characteristics of polarized BAN channels such as the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) and time–frequency correlation function (TF-CF) are provided based on this new CoP- $\Gamma$ plane methodology. The model is validated with measurement data taken at 13 GHz and shown to be in excellent agreement.
Spectroscopy of hadrons with b quarks from lattice NRQCD

Preliminary results from an extensive lattice calculation of the B, Bc, and ϒ spectrum at quenched β = 6.0 are presented. The study includes radially and orbitally excited mesons, and baryons containing b quarks. The b quarks are formulated using NRQCD; for light and c quarks, a tadpole-improved clover action is used.
Some general influences of n-decylmethyl sulfoxide on the permeation of drugs across hairless mouse skin.

Abstract The influences of n-decylmethyl sulfoxide (NDMS) on the permeation of phenyl propanolamine, propranolol, acyclovir, and hydrocortisone through hairless mouse skin were investigated. Permeation of these compounds increased systematically with increasing NDMS concentration up to a limiting value for the permeability coefficient of about 0.1 cm/h. Permeability coefficients obtained with stripped skin indicated that, where NDMS has its maximal effect, the compounds diffuse through the skin as if there were no stratum corneum. Diffusion lag times of the test compounds through skin sections exposed to NDMS were far shorter than lag times in control experiments. The kinetics of NDMS action were assessed by pretreating skin sections for various periods of time with the enhancer and then assessing permeability. When applied as a 10 mM aqueous solution, the full effect of NDMS was obtained in 3 h of exposure and the effect lasted for at least 24 h. Treating the skin with ethanol/water (2:1) to elute NDMS after the pretreatment did not diminish its effect. Propranolol and phenyl propanolamine solubilized NDMS, presumably through the formation of mixed micelles, which had a profound effect on the permeation rates of both drug and enhancer.
Niacin, nitrate and pyrazinamide studies using Middlebrook 7H10 Broth.

An innovative and rapid method for testing mycobacteria was developed using Middlebrook 7H10 Tween Broth in place of conventional media. Niacin production, nitrate reduction and the breakdown of pyrazinamidase were determined in 198 mycobacteria isolates. Less than nine days were required to obtain positive test results, and the correlation of tween broth with conventional test methods exceeded 98 %.
AFM studies of a new type of radiation defect on mica surfaces caused by highly charged ion impact

Radiation induced defects on mica caused by the impact of slow very highly charged ions (SVHCI) have been investigated with an atomic force microscope (AFM). Freshly cleaved surfaces of different types of muscovite were irradiated with SVHCI extracted from the LLNL electron beam ion trap (EBIT) at velocities of about 2 keV/amu. Atomic force microscopy of the surface reveals the formation of blisterlike defects associated with single ion impact. The determined defect volume which appears to increase linearly with the incident charge state and exhibits a threshold incident charge state has been determined using the AFM. These results indicate that target atoms are subjected to mutual electrostatic repulsion due to ionization through potential electron emission upon approach of the ion. If the repulsion leads to permanent atomic displacement, surface defects are formed.
Compact and low power thermo-optic switch using folded silicon waveguides

By exploiting the small bend radius achievable using high-index-contrast silicon photonic wire waveguides, we demonstrate a new low power thermo-optic switch arranged in a dense, double spiral geometry. Such a design permits the waveguide length to be extended for increased phase shift, without the need for increased heated volume. This provides an effective means to reduce the power consumption of thermo-optic switches, as well as a compact geometry desirable for the development of switch arrays. A low switching power of 6.5 mW was obtained for a spiral-path Mach-Zehnder interferometer device having a 10% - 90% rise time of 14 micros. The switching power is shown to be reduced by more than 5 times compared to a Mach-Zehnder interferometer employing a conventional straight waveguide geometry.
Effects of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs on Bone Loss in Chronic Inflammatory Disease

Several controlled clinical trials have indicated that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs may slow alveolar bone loss in periodontitis. Demonstration of this efficacy is dependent on the development of accurate, sensitive, and specific quantitative methods for the assessment of bony change, such as digital subtraction radiography. Further studies of such methodologies are required to more fully investigate the effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis.
Synaptotagmins: C2-Domain Proteins That Regulate Membrane Traffic

We wish to thank Drs. M. S. Brown, J. L. Goldstein, Y. Goda, R. Jahn, E. Kandel, E. Liebe, and C. F. Stevens for invaluable advice and discussions. The work described in this review was partially supported by the National Institutes of Health, Human Frontier Science Project, and W. M. Keck Foundation.
Knowledge, machines, and the consistency of Reinhardt's strong mechanistic thesis

Abstract Reinhardt's strong mechanistic thesis, a formalization of “I know I am a Turing machine”, is shown to be consistent with Epistemic Arithmetic.
Efficacy of emergency room approach versus emergency medical services approach for STEMI activation strategy: optimizing hospital resource utilization while maintaining door-to-balloon time and mortality

Background: Patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) and prior cardiac surgery undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) are at high risk. We aimed to describe the fluoroscopy and left anterior descending (LAD) artery angiography guidance technique for transapical AVR access and the related procedural results. Methods: Patients with severe AS and prior cardiac surgery undergoing transapical AVR using LAD-angiographic guided apical puncture were analyzed (n=9). Additional guidance was added to the standard technique as follows. Mini-thoracotomy was performed at the level of the intercostal space in closer relationship to the apex identified by fluoroscopy. LAD angiography was performed at the time that the area of interest was recognized by radiopaque mark to ensure puncture lateral to the LAD (Fig. 1). Apical needle puncture was performed under fluoroscopy guidance directed towards the aortic root. Results: The population had a mean age of 83 years and were more frequently male (89%) with a high-risk profile (mean STS score of 11%). Two patients received the 23-mm Sapien valve, and seven patients received the 26-mm Sapien device. All nine patients underwent successful implantation of transcatheter aortic valves with virtual abolishment of transaortic gradient, without procedural complications. Conclusion: Fluoroscopy and angiography for guidance of transapical approach facilitate a safe and rapid access to the apex, ensuring no risk of damage to the LAD or large diagonals.
AN APPROACH TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF METABOLIC DISEASES

Inborn metabolic errors, which are not common, may have significant implications for patients. Those patients with such errors who have acute life-threatening symptoms must be treated immediately, and specimens for analysis should be obtained and saved for later analysis during the critical stage. Many infants and children seen with acute symptoms are the ones most likely to have treatable diseases. At a more leisurely pace, other inborn errors can be diagnosed to provide appropriate counseling and prognosis.
Plants and zombies: Two use cases for on-location panorama viewing in handheld mobile AR

Panoramas, as a medium, have traditionally provided viewers with an encompassing experience of distant locations. In recent years, this experience has been augmented by combining handheld orientation sensors with digital panoramas to create mixed reality experiences that transform mobile devices into windows to the remote. Less explored, have been the mixed reality opportunities afforded through the viewing of mobile panoramas non-remotely, at or near their real world epicenters. This paper presents two handheld AR web applications, running on publicly available hardware and software, that utilize panoramas to facilitate both remote and on-location AR experiences. It explores how the experience and the utility of a panorama differ depending on the location in which it is viewed.
Simulator Development for Transition Flight Dynamics of a VTOL MAV

This paper presents the simulation and validation of models for transition between forward flight and hover for a micro air vehicle (MAV). A dynamical simulation environment is developed, based on measured aerodynamic properties of a fixed-wing tail-sitter MAV with vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) capabilities. The simulator is validated against recorded flight data of transition from forward flight to hover using the physical platform. Specifically, the flight transition maneuver in the vertical plane (vertical-to-horizontal and horizontal-to-vertical) is studied in detail. The development and evaluation of a VTOL MAV called Mini-Vertigo 2 (MV2) is presented. A non-linear longitudinal dynamic model of MV2 flight is derived, and semi-empirical aerodynamic formulas for thrust, lift, drag and pitching moment based on wind tunnel testing are applied to the dynamic model. Nonlinearities during transition to/from hover are addressed, and (using the developed dynamic model) a numerical vehicle dynamic simul...
Optical design and simulation for dual-wavelength LEDs in solid state lighting

Comprehensive optical model for dual wavelength LEDs is developed using optical ray tracing programs. Optical property for InGaN and AlGaN and tunnel junctions is included, and Device structure is optimized based on light extraction efficiency.
Effects of Mnemonic Reconstructions on the Spatial Learning of Adolescents with Learning Disabilities

Thirty-nine seventh- and eighth-grade students with learning disabilities received verbal and spatial information about eighteenth-century North American battles under two conditions. In the control condition, learners were provided a map depicting locations of battles, accompanied by descriptive/decorative pictures. Mnemonic condition learners received the same map with the exception that pictures accompanying place names represented reconstructed keywords of those names. In both conditions, pictures were colored red if they represented British victories, blue if they represented American victories.After a training session and a 90-second filler activity, students were asked to locate each battle on an unlabeled map and indicate which side had won the battle. Analysis of results indicated that mnemonic condition students significantly outperformed controls on measures of spatial relocation and correct matching of place name with victor. Effects were especially pronounced on the measure of spatial relocat...
Flow visualization and analysis of aerodynamically detuned supersonic rotors

The effect of aerodynamic detuning on the supersonic steady and unsteady blade passage flow field is experimentally investigated on a free surface water table by means of color Schlieren and shadowgraph flow visualization techniques. Two aerodynamic detuning mechanisms are considered: (1) alternate circumferential spacing of adjacent airfoils; (2) the replacement of alternate airfoils with splitters. The steady flow visualization demonstrates the significant effect of aerodynamic detuning on the passage flow field and, in particular, the shock wave-airfoil surface intersection locations. The unsteady flow visualization studies show the importance of the interblade phase angle. A mathematical model is also described and utilized to demonstrate the enhanced aeroelastic stability associated with the altered cascade passage shock wave structure due to these aerodynamic detuning mechanisms.