cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New oral anticoagulants: an alternative to warfarin

New agents have been introduced for the prevention of inappropriate thrombosis in the vascular tree and the heart. This article reviews, compares and contrasts the newer agents which inhibit activated factor X (Xa) or activated factor II (thrombin).
The Crossroads of Geriatric Cardiology and Cardio-Oncology

Cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are two major causes of mortality in older adults. With improved survival and outcomes from cancer and CVD, the role of the geriatrician is evolving. Geriatricians provide key skills to facilitate patient-centered and value-based care in the growing older population of cancer patients (and survivors). Cancer treatment in older adults is particularly injurious with respect to complications stemming from cancer therapy and as well as to CVD related to cancer therapy in the context of physiologic aging. To best meet their natural potential as caregiving leaders, geriatricians must hone skills and insights pertaining to oncologic and cardiovascular care, insights that can inform and enhance key management expertise. In this paper, we will review common chemotherapy and radiation-induced cardiovascular complications, screening recommendations, and advance the concept of a geriatric, cardiology, and oncology collaboration. We assert that geriatricians are well suited to a leadership role in the care of older cardio-oncology patients and in the education of primary care physicians and subspecialists on geriatric principles.
Analysis of a Shallow Front during the Taiwan Area Mesoscale Experiment

Abstract A relatively dry surface front during IOP-9 of the Taiwan Area Mesoscale Experiment (1600 UTC 14 June–1700 UTC 15 June) was analyzed. This surface front possessed appreciable baroclinity over southern China due to the southeastward intrusion of the polar air. As the cold air advanced the surface front over southern China moved southeastward and crossed Taiwan. Windshift was observed approximately 12 hours prior to the arrival of the cold air. Detailed analysis of the small-scale frontal features were made based on high resolution P-3 aircraft observations. East of Taiwan the cold air boundary was rather diffuse with weak thermodynamic contrasts due to air mass modifications as the polar air traveled from northern China to the subtropics. The leading edge of the cold air resembled a density current with the following features: a vortex circulation with rising motion along the leading edge and sinking motion behind, low-level inflow from the rear with return flow above and a wavelike pattern at the...
A Comparison between Airline Cost Structure Pre- and Post-Deregulation

This study compares thepreandpost-deregulation changes in the cost structure oftwo carrier groups: majors and nationals. A dummy-variable model was estimated, using data from 1970 to 1988. The results suggest that while the percentage of total cost incurred in maintenance decreased, costs of promotion, sales, and advertisement increased. It also appears that the percentage ofsome cost components differs among the two carriergroups; thepercentage oftotal cost incurred in aircraft-traffic servicing seems to be higher for the nationals than for majors.
Outcomes After Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy or Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

PurposeData guiding selection of nonsurgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are lacking. We therefore compared outcomes between stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for HCC.Patients and MethodsFrom 2004 to 2012, 224 patients with inoperable, nonmetastatic HCC underwent RFA (n = 161) to 249 tumors or image-guided SBRT (n = 63) to 83 tumors. We applied inverse probability of treatment weighting to adjust for imbalances in treatment assignment. Freedom from local progression (FFLP) and toxicity were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsRFA and SBRT groups were similar with respect to number of lesions treated per patient, type of underlying liver disease, and tumor size (median, 1.8 v 2.2 cm in maximum diameter; P = .14). However, the SBRT group had lower pretreatment Child-Pugh scores (P = .003), higher pretreatment alpha-fetoprotein levels (P = .04), and a greater number of prior liver-directed treatments (P < .001). One- and 2-year FFLP for tumors treated with RF...
CO2 capture and positional disorder in Cu3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)2: An in situ laboratory X-ray powder diffraction study

Abstract Ambient-temperature capture of CO2 by the metal-organic framework Cu3(BTC)2 (BTC ≡ 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate), known as HKUST-1, has been studied in situ in a laboratory X-ray powder diffractometer under gas-flowing conditions. The diffraction patterns were collected at partial pressures of CO2 ( p C O 2 ) ranging from 0.2 bar to 6 bar. Rietveld refinements combined with the difference Fourier maps identified two principal absorption sites, which agreed with the results of previous low-temperature neutron diffraction studies. At ambient temperature, the CO2 molecules on both sites exhibit considerable positional and rotational disorder, which contrasts with their ordered positions determined by neutron diffraction at cryogenic temperatures. The amount of the adsorbed CO2 increased continuously with increasing p C O 2 and reached ≈1.8 CO2 molecules per Cu atom at p C O 2 = 6 bar. The results of this work, while providing new insights into the CO2 adsorption of HKUST-1, demonstrate that laboratory X-ray powder diffraction can be successfully used to identify locations of CO2 molecules during in situ gas-adsorption experiments.
Selective Exo-Enzymatic Labeling Detects Increased Cell Surface Sialoglycoprotein Expression upon Megakaryocytic Differentiation

Selective exo-enzymatic labeling (or SEEL) uses recombinant glycosyltransferases and nucleotide-sugar analogues to allow efficient labeling of cell surface glycans. SEEL can circumvent many of the possible issues associated with metabolic labeling, including low incorporation of sugar precursors, and allows for sugars to be added selectively to different types of glycans by virtue of the inherent specificity of the glycosyltransferases. Here we compare the labeling of sialoglycoproteins in undifferentiated and differentiated human erythroleukemia cells (HEL) using SEEL using the sialyltransferases ST6Gal1 and ST3Gal1, which label N- and O-glycans, respectively. Our results show that the profile of glycoproteins detected varies between undifferentiated HEL cells and those differentiated to megakaryocytes, with a shift to more N-linked sialoglycoproteins in the differentiated cells. The efficiency of SEEL for both sialyltransferases in HEL cells was greatly increased with prior neuraminidase treatment highlighting the necessity for the presence of available acceptors with this labeling method. Following metabolic labeling or SEEL, tagged glycoproteins were enriched by immunoprecipitation and identified using mass spectrometry. The proteomic findings demonstrated that the detection of many glycoproteins is markedly improved by SEEL labeling, and that unique glycoproteins can be identified using either ST6Gal1 or ST3Gal1. Furthermore, this analysis enabled the identification of increased surface expression of several sialylated cell adhesion molecules, including the known megakaryocytic markers integrinβ3 and CD44, upon differentiation of HEL cells to adherent megakaryocytes.
Abstract W P88: THINkS: A Novel Tool for Multiscale CFD Calculations of the Cerebral Vasculature

Background: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is emerging as a tool for better assessment and management of cerebral aneurysms. However, CFD calculations are often restricted to a small arterial zone and the solution could be inaccurate depending on the boundary conditions prescribed. A 1D simulation of the complete vessel network, THINkS (Total Human Intravascular NetworK Simulation), is introduced to better describe boundary conditions and to provide flow information related to the complete complex vessel network. Methods: THINkS is a modifiable, 1D network simulation of the complete human blood circulatory system. A validation of THINkS was performed using volumetric flow rates recorded in the cerebral vasculature waveforms over the cardiac cycle. Validated waveforms of the; (1) ICA proximal to the siphon, (2) ICA proximal to circle of Willis (CoW), and (3) mid- basilar artery were obtained. THINkS predictions were compared to the experimental bounds for both absolute and dimensionless flow rate quantities. Results: THINkS calculations indicated usefulness of the model in predicting the trends of cerebral flow patterns. THINkS solutions were validated with a number of in vivo experimental data and the agreement was excellent. A comparison with experiments for the impact of incomplete CoW to the flow patterns was also made and the trend shows an excellent agreement with reported data. Conclusion: THINkS allows for more accurate boundary conditions for 3D zonal-based CFD calculations. THINkS has been validated against available experimental data and shown to respond correctly to the flow pattern change caused by the variation in CoW. It provides the detailed flow information of the entire human body including cerebral vessel network. Our aim is to use THINkS to generate accurate flow assessments, guide surgical treatment plans, and more reliably predict risks associated with vascular lesions.
TM or Not TM?: A Comment on “International Peace Project in the Middle East”

For a (now formerly) anonymous reviewer of the previous article, "International Peace Project in the Middle East: The Effects of the Maharishi Technology of the Unified Field," the manuscript presents somewhat of a dilemma. On the one hand, the claimed theoretical basis for the activity described, and the results purported in the analysis, are anathema to one who considers himself a strong advocate of the application of scientific method in the social sciences. On the other hand, both the level of exposition and the application of statistical methods for hypothesis testing are commensurate with this reviewer's standards for scientific research. The disturbing aspect of this piece is not that it is in print, but that it got there via the very mechanism that, one would suppose, should have screened it out-an anonymous peer review and editorial process that evaluates manuscripts based upon unarticulated but widely accepted professional standards for scientific research. There are, I feel, a number of lessons in this. Some of these lessons are but reminders of the basic elements of philosophy of science one encounters in graduate school but pays little heed to in the everyday practice of research. Others are more practical matters suggesting caution concerning our willingness to accept results reported in more conventional literature. A brief look at the implications of this article for research will, in the eyes of this reviewer, be instructive. What I find of value in this piece has little, if anything, to do with the substance of the article. For this reviewer, the primary lesson learned is that if a piece this unconventional can be supported with measurement and method, then there is perhaps a notable volume of research of a
New Approaches to Non-PGM Electrocatalysts Using Porous Framework Materials

The catalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode is a critical process to proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) operation. The current catalyst materials of choice are platinum group metals (PGMs) with high costs and limited reserves. Reported herein are our recent efforts in developing non-PGM electrocatalyst materials using rational design and synthesis. A variety of porous organic materials were developed as the catalyst precursors for preparing of ORR catalysts with high surface area and active site density free of carbon support. Electrocatalytic activities and physical properties of the new catalysts were investigated by various techniques in the process of understanding of the active site formation.
Miera y Pacheco: A Renaissance Spaniard in Eighteenth‐Century New Mexico John L. Kessel. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2013.

Miera y Pacheco: A Renaissance Spaniard in Eighteenth-Century New Mexico John L. Kessel. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2013.Kessel's book is an engaging fresco of life during Spanish colonial times. It is, however, an exaggeration to call it a biography of Bernardo Miera y Pacheco (1713-1785). Too many assumptions and not enough first-hand documents prevent, at times, this otherwise interesting eighteenth-century chronicle to be a full account of the life of this map-maker, rancher, artist, and official.It took years for Miera to make his mark in New Spain, and, as a result, the paucity of testimony regarding his early activities leads Kessel to extrapolate and infer from presumptive evidence to compensate for the documentary lacunae. Nothing is known about Miera's early education, yet Kessel attributes it to his father and his parish priest and eventually imagines him in a military school. The author places him on the Francisco Javier, even though Miera's name does not figure on the ship's roster. In regard to the cartographer's career, when authorship of a map is not established, Kessel makes misleading assertions: "it's tempting to imagine their collaboration" (19); "all hint that Miera, a resident of that area, might have contributed" (21); "[wjhether Lieutenant Urrutia sought Miera's aid [...] we can only surmise" (83); "by Miera or maybe by the friar himself" (95). Discussions of his relationship with the governor of New Mexico are equally full of suppositions: "[t]he Mieras should have been invited" (42) says Kessel of the first formal reception at the palace; when talking of Miera's cartographer commission, Kessel states that "the governor must have arranged to settle Bernardo's outstanding debts" (43); and, as the governor returns to Mexico City, Kessel asserts that "Miera would have winced" (73) when seeing his maps folded for the trip. The reader is left wondering what is reality and what is fiction. Guesses of others, such as Carrillo-a santero for whom Miera is an inspiration (Cuando Hablan Los Santos: Contemporary Santero Traditions from Northern New Mexico, 1995)-and Father Chavez, the Franciscan historian (60), still do not give credence to Kessel's own.While veracity and accuracy can at times be questioned, Kessel, a notable historian himself who has extensively published on New Mexico and Spain in the Southwest, excels, however, when describing a number of aspects related to Miera's art as well as to his involvement in governance and to life in the colonies. …
Tasting and Appreciation of Shaoxing Yellow Rice Wine

The main compositions in Shaoxing yellow rice wine include ethanol, ester, aldehyde, acid, alkone, carbohydrate, protein, monose, polyose, peptide, amino acid, polyphenol, Vitamin B, and inorganic elements etc. The overall evaluation of the wine is closely correlated with wine color, wine transparency, wine clarity and the existence of precipitate in wine. The flavors in the wine are mainly composed of wine flavor (ethanol flavor), special flavor produced by saccharifying fermenting agents and wheat starter, and sugar flavor and ester flavor produced by wine storage. (Tran. by YUE Yang)
Study on test standards for long-lasting insecticidal nets

Objective To provide specific and standardized procedures and guidelines for testing long-lasting insecticidal nets.Methods The forced contact test was adapted after nets were washed according to the standard of WHO.Results After long-lasting insecticidal nets were washed for 20 times,knockdown rate and mortality of Anopheles sinensis were 96.0% and 85.7% respectively;knockdown rate and mortality of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus were 90.7% and 80.4% respectively;knockdown rate and mortality of Culex pipiens pallens were 90.7% and 82.9% respectively.Conclusion During the efficacy test of long-lasting insecticidal nets,contacting time is suggested to be 3,20 and 30 min for A.sinensis,C.p.quinquefasciatus and C.p.pipiens.Evaluation criteria is suggested to be 1 h knockdown rate≥90%,and 24 h mortality≥80%.
The OTA's Guide to Documentation: Writing SOAP Notes, Third Edition(2013), by Marie J. Morreale & Sherry Borcherding, 225 pp. Soft Cover, ISBN: 13 978-1-61711-082-5, SLACK Incorporated, Thorofare, NJ, Cost: $60.95.

The OTA's Guide to Documentation: Writing SOAP Notes content is just as is its title promises. It delivers as a true guide to documenting occupational therapy services. The text speaks clearly, sim...
Program Evolution for General Intelligence

A program evolution component is proposed for integrative artificial general intelligence. The system's deployment is intended to be comparable, on Marr's level of computational theory, to evolutionary mechanisms in human thought. The challenges of program evolution are described, along with the requirements for a program evolution system to be competent --solving hard problems quickly, accurately, and reliably. Meta-optimizing semantic evolutionary search (MOSES) is proposed to fulfill these requirements.
Consider the Patient When Prescribing Total Non-Weight-Bearing

In 2005, JBJS published an article by Tongue et al. highlighting the importance of patient-centered care by orthopaedic surgeons1; Tongue et al. noted that understanding the patient’s needs is central to quality care. In the current study, Choido et al. carried out a moderately sized study of their own patients following an undefined range of ankle and foot surgical procedures. Inherent biases can, in part, be gleaned from the title, which indicates a presumption that complete non-weight-bearing is the ideal to be gained. As Bhandari et al. noted over a decade ago, social factors are important determinants of successful outcomes following ankle fracture2. Arnold et al.3 reported that even functional ankle instability has a measureable impact on health-related quality of life. In a Cochrane Review of hip fractures, Crotty et al.4 recommended that core outcomes should include patient-reported factors such as quality of life and …
Perceptions of hurricane hazards in the mid-Atlantic region

The mid-Atlantic region of the United States is susceptible to tropical cyclone hazards. Within the past 15 years this region has experienced Hurricane Isabel in 2003, Hurricane Irene in 2011 and several tropical storms. The region was also impacted by post-tropical Sandy in 2012. The perception of hurricane hazards among residents of the mid-Atlantic region has not been directly researched. Furthermore, there is a lack of research on the comprehension of information from hurricane warning graphics that influences hazard perception. This research used a total of eight hypothetical scenarios (four pairs) that varied storm track and storm size to assess risk perception of hurricane hazards and characteristics. Each scenario was represented using a four-panelled map featuring the National Hurricane Center's cone of uncertainty, a new storm surge map and a new damaging wind map created by the authors. A Qualtrics survey was used to collect responses to questions about concern for personal harm and evacuation intent. Residents of the region perceived falling trees, potential for damaging winds and the size of the storm to be the greatest threats. Scenarios depicting larger storms with track lines that moved inland were seen as more hazardous, resulting in greater concern and evacuation intent. Coastal residents showed greater concern about distance from the track for all scenarios and greater evacuation intent for larger storms compared to inland residents.
Interactions of Metal-Based and Ligand-Based Electronic Spins in Neutral Tripyrrindione π Dimers.

The ability of tetrapyrrolic macrocycles to stabilize unpaired electrons and engage in π–π interactions is essential for many electron-transfer processes in biology and materials engineering. Herein, we demonstrate that the formation of π dimers is recapitulated in complexes of a linear tripyrrolic analogue of naturally occurring pigments derived from heme decomposition. Hexaethyltripyrrindione (H3TD1) coordinates divalent transition metals (i.e., Pd, Cu, Ni) as a stable dianionic radical and was recently described as a robust redox-active ligand. The resulting planar complexes, which feature a delocalized ligand-based electronic spin, are stable at room temperature in air and support ligand-based one-electron processes. We detail the dimerization of neutral tripyrrindione complexes in solution through electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and visible absorption spectroscopic methods. Variable-temperature measurements using both EPR and absorption techniques allowed determination of the thermodynamic para...
Civic entrepreneurial ecosystems: Smart city emergence in Kansas City

Abstract Embedded between the broader fields of social and digital entrepreneurship, the concept of ‘smart cities’ can be conceptualized as a domain that is currently pre-paradigmatic—that is, one in which multiple yet unaligned models exist, marked by the absence of a single dominant one. Despite such shortcomings, there is a reflective similarity across ecosystems as the various players attempt to converge on a common understanding of the term smart city. The common objective of smart city implementation is to spark economic growth and social development, facilitated by collaborative dialogue and innovations in technology. We integrate theoretical lenses to explore the roles played by ecosystem actors, stakeholders, and socioeconomic and political agents in creating economic value and solving societal problems—particularly highlighting opportunities and challenges to bottom-up innovation from local entrepreneurs.
Louisiana Senate Race: Republicans Hold the Deep South

The 2016 U.S. Senate race in Louisiana tested the ability of the Republican Party to quickly rebound from an unexpected gubernatorial loss in 2015, when a relatively unknown Democrat, Louisiana State Representative John Bel Edwards, shocked the local and national political establishment by defeating U.S. Senator David Vitter (R). This devastating loss led to Senator Vitter’s surprise retirement, setting up a rare open-seat election. For Democrats, this would be an opportunity to demonstrate that their gubernatorial victory was not a deviation, but the beginnings of a realignment deep within the South. State Treasurer John N. Kennedy’s (R) decisive victory over Public Service Commissioner Foster Campbell (D) dispelled any romantic notions of a Democratic revival and solidified the Republican Party’s hold on the Pelican State.
Economic Effects of Automated Vehicles

Connected and fully automated or autonomous vehicles (CAVs) may soon dominate the automotive industry. Once CAVs are sufficiently reliable and affordable, they will penetrate markets and thereby generate economic ripple effects throughout industries. This paper synthesizes and expands on existing analyses of the economic effects of CAVs in the United States across 13 industries and the overall economy. CAVs will soon be central to the automotive industry, with software composing a greater share of vehicle value than previously. The number of vehicles purchased each year may fall because of vehicle sharing, but rising travel distances may increase vehicle sales. The opportunity for heavy-truck drivers to do other work or rest during long drives may lower freight costs and increase capacity. Personal transport may shift toward shared autonomous vehicle fleet use, reducing that of taxis, buses, and other forms of group travel. Fewer collisions and more law-abiding vehicles will lower demand for auto repair, ...
A Current-Mode Capacitively-Coupled Chopper Instrumentation Amplifier for Biopotential Recording With Resistive or Capacitive Electrodes

This brief presents a high-density, low-noise analog front-end (AFE) for capacitively coupled neural recording applications. Conventional capacitively coupled AFEs, when chopper-stabilized, require large coupling capacitors or servo loops to minimize $ {1/f^{2}}$ input-referred noise and chopper-induced offsets, limiting channel density. In this brief, a current-mode capacitively coupled chopper instrumentation amplifier with embedded delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented that enables an area-efficient low-noise design via chopper-stabilized current-mode amplification. In this design, 60 channels are implemented in a $ {2 \times 2}$ mm2 180-nm CMOS chip, and each channel consumes $4~ {\mu }\text{W}$ , achieves an input referred noise of 160 nV/ $\sqrt {\text{Hz}}$ , and an ADC effective number of bits of 8.5 bits.
Effects of infection on post-transplant outcomes: living versus deceased donor liver transplants.

Introduction Post-transplant infections have been studied widely but data on comparisons of deceased donor liver transplants (DDLT) and living donor liver transplants (LDLT), type and timings of infections, and their relations to outcomes are not explored. Material and methods We analysed data from 612 participants of the Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Study (A2ALL), a retrospective data set of LDLT and DDLT. We compared the type and timing of the first post-transplant infection in relation to transplant outcomes between the two groups. Results Out of 611 patients, 24.5% experienced the first post-transplant infection, the majority of which were bacterial (35.3%), followed by fungal (11%) and viral infections (4.2%). There was no significant difference in the rate, type or timing of infection between LDLT and DDLT. Patients with late (> 1 year) first infection were 1.8 times more likely to die (95% CI: 1.12-2.98, p = 0.015) and 9 times more likely to have graft failures (95% CI: 3.26-24.8, p < 0.001). DDLT recipients who experienced bacterial infection had a significantly lower survival rate compared to LDLT recipients (p < 0.001). Conclusions Late infection is associated with lower survival in both DDLT and LDLT. Bacterial infection might be more detrimental for DDLT than LDLT. Late infection should be managed aggressively to improve outcomes.
Empirical estimation of intravoxel structure with persistent angular structure and Q-ball models of diffusion weighted MRI

The diffusion tensor model is nonspecific in regions where micrometer structural patterns are inconsistent at the millimeter scale (i.e., brain regions with pathways that cross, bend, branch, fan, etc.). Numerous models have been proposed to represent crossing fibers and complex intravoxel structure from in vivo diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (e.g., high angular resolution diffusion imaging-HARDI). Here, we present an empirical comparison of two HARDI approaches-persistent angular structure MRI (PAS-MRI) and Q-ball-using a newly acquired reproducibility dataset. Briefly, a single subject was scanned 11 times with 96 diffusion weighted directions and 10 reference volumes for each of two [Formula: see text] values (1000 and [Formula: see text] for a total of 2144 volumes). Empirical reproducibility of intravoxel fiber fractions (number/strength of peaks), angular orientation, and fractional anisotropy was compared with metrics from a traditional tensor analysis approach, focusing on [Formula: see text] values of 1000 and [Formula: see text]. PAS-MRI is shown to be more reproducible than Q-ball and offers advantages at low [Formula: see text] values. However, there are substantial and biologically meaningful differences between the intravoxel structures estimated both in terms of analysis method as well as by [Formula: see text] value. The two methods suggest a fundamentally different microarchitecture of the human brain; therefore, it is premature to perform meta-analysis or combine results across HARDI studies using a different analysis model or acquisition sequences.
“Student Achievement, Marketable Job Skills, and Global Competitiveness”: America’s Unhealthy Education Priorities

Over the last 20 years, American K-12 education has been profoundly transformed to reflect the values and principles of market-based thinking. This market-oriented transformation has profoundly narrowed the mission of American public education to be about boosting test scores (“student achievement”) in hopes of developing marketable job skills to grow the economy and enhance America’s economic competitiveness. This article analyzes why making student achievement, marketable job skills, and global competitiveness top priorities for public education is unhealthy for students, for local and national communities, and for protecting the health of the planet. Suggested alternative priorities for public education in the United States are discussed. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.17.6.4
Teaching Reading in the Inner City

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the teaching of reading to a certain segment within the population of bilingual children. Specifically, the paper deals with the teaching of reading to an increasing number of Hispanic children (both elementary and secondary level) who, because of socio-economic determinants, live in urban areas where they acquire a second language that is not only unacceptable in the schools, but also may interfere with the bilingual child’s attainment of “reading readiness.” I am speaking particularly of the population of Spanish speakers who live in urban environments and who acquire Black Vernacular English (B.V.E.) as their second language. Wolfram (1971, 1972) scientifically points to an increasing number of extremely complex linguistic, cultural, pedagogical, and sociological problems, some or all of which usually interfere with the Hispanic child’s learning to read and which subsequently cause him to either fail in or drop out of school.
Methodological Considerations When Integrating Experimental Manipulations of Sleep and Emotion

Abstract: Interest in the interplay between emotion and sleep deprivation has never been higher. Sleep problems affect large numbers of people in the general population, but they are particularly relevant to those in medical and psychiatric settings. As our knowledge about the emotional consequences of sleep problems progresses, we are increasingly aware of how intimately connected sleep and emotion really are. Much of this awareness has come from laboratory-based studies in which sleep and emotion can be manipulated experimentally with high levels of control. This is an exciting time to conduct these kinds of studies because, despite being fairly advanced, both affective science and sleep research have only recently begun to be integrated. In this chapter, we review many of the methods used in sleep-deprivation and emotion research to date. The chapter is organized around methods of emotion elicitation, measurement of emotional function, and experimental design. We end with suggestions for future research in this exciting and largely unexplored domain.
Summarizing the solution space in tumor phylogeny inference by multiple consensus trees.

Motivation Cancer phylogenies are key to studying tumorigenesis and have clinical implications. Due to the heterogeneous nature of cancer and limitations in current sequencing technology, current cancer phylogeny inference methods identify a large solution space of plausible phylogenies. To facilitate further downstream analyses, methods that accurately summarize such a set T of cancer phylogenies are imperative. However, current summary methods are limited to a single consensus tree or graph and may miss important topological features that are present in different subsets of candidate trees. Results We introduce the Multiple Consensus Tree (MCT) problem to simultaneously cluster T and infer a consensus tree for each cluster. We show that MCT is NP-hard, and present an exact algorithm based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP). In addition, we introduce a heuristic algorithm that efficiently identifies high-quality consensus trees, recovering all optimal solutions identified by the MILP in simulated data at a fraction of the time. We demonstrate the applicability of our methods on both simulated and real data, showing that our approach selects the number of clusters depending on the complexity of the solution space T. Availability and implementation https://github.com/elkebir-group/MCT. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Ovarian stimulation is a safe and effective fertility preservation option in the adolescent and young adult population

The aim of this study is to describe the multidisciplinary approach and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) outcomes in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients (ages 13–21) who underwent oocyte cryopreservation for fertility preservation (FP). Multi-site retrospective cohort was performed from 2007 to 2018 at Northwestern University and Michigan University. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, t-test, and logistic regression. Forty-one patients began COH of which 38 patients successfully underwent oocyte retrieval, with mature oocytes obtained and cryopreserved without any adverse outcomes. To treat this group of patients, we use a multidisciplinary approach with a patient navigator. When dividing patients by ages 13–17 vs. 18–21, the median doses of FSH used were 2325 and 2038 IU, the median number of mature oocytes retrieved were 10 and 10, and median number frozen oocytes were 11 and 13, respectively. Median days of stimulation were 10 for both groups. There was no statistical difference in BMI, AMH, peak E2, FSH dosage, days stimulated, total oocytes retrieved, mature oocytes retrieved, and oocytes frozen between the two groups. Three patients were canceled for poor response. COH with oocyte cryopreservation is a feasible FP option for AYAs who may not have other alternatives when appropriate precautions are taken, such as proper counseling and having a support team. These promising outcomes correspond to similar findings of recent small case series, providing hope for these patients to have genetically related offspring in the future.
Reversible and irreversible processes in dispersive/dissipative optical media: Electro-magnetic free energy and heat production

We solve the problem addressed by Landau and Lifshitz in 1958, and Oughstun and Sherman of determining the dynamical losses in a purely dissipative dielectric media. We develop concrete notions of macroscopic free energy and losses as energy which is reversible and irreversible, respectively, in the medium-field interaction. We define the reversible and irreversible energies and outline the derivation of said quantities. We examine the implications of our definition and it's auxiliary quantity, the reversal field, for the single Lorentz oscillator model of a medium. We show that for this model the reversible energy reduces to the sum of the kinetic and potential energy, as found by Loudon. We note that in general, the sum of the kinetic and potential energies is greater than the reversible energy. We show that the reversible and irreversible energy have the characteristics classically defining free energy and heat.
COVID-19 in Kidney Transplantation: Outcomes, Immunosuppression Management, and Operational Challenges.

Abstract The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, has led to the death of hundreds of thousands of people worldwide. If infected, older individuals and those with diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and compromised immune systems are at higher risk for unfavorable outcomes. These comorbidities are prevalent in patients with kidney disease, hence the significant burden of COVID-19 on kidney transplant programs. Multiple case series of kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 have shown increased mortality compared to non-transplant patients. To-date, we do not have high-level evidence to inform immunosuppression minimization strategies in infected transplant recipients. Most centers however have adopted early anti-metabolite withdrawal in addition to other interventions. This review summarizes the published COVID-19 literature as it relates to outcomes and immunosuppression management in kidney transplant recipients. It also discusses challenges pertaining to pre-transplant evaluation and wait-listed patients.
Understanding and automatically detecting conflicting interactions between smart home IoT applications

Smart home devices provide the convenience of remotely control-ling and automating home appliances. The most advanced smart home environments allow developers to write apps to make smart home devices work together to accomplish tasks, e.g., home security and energy conservation. A smart home app typically implements narrow functionality and thus to fully implement desired functionality homeowners may need to install multiple apps. These different apps can conflict with each other and these conflicts can result in undesired actions such as locking the door during a fire. In this paper, we study conflicts between apps on Samsung SmartThings, the most popular platform for developing and deploying smart home IoT devices. By collecting and studying 198 official and 69 third-party apps, we found significant app conflicts in 3 categories: (1) close to 60% of app pairs that access the same device, (2) more than 90% of app pairs with physical interactions, and (3) around 11% of app pairs that access the same global variable. Our results suggest that the problem of conflicts between smart home apps is serious and can create potential safety risks. We then developed a conflict detection tool that uses model checking to automatically detect up to 96% of the conflicts.
Reframing Interdisciplinarity Toward Equity and Inclusion

The dominant framing of interdisciplinarity as a logical consequence to the fragmentation of knowledge into distinct disciplines constrains our thinking about whether and how to approach interdisciplinary projects. Are there other framings for interdisciplinarity that might be more suitable – particularly where project goals are overtly sociocultural in nature? This chapter explores this question beginning with a brief review of key terms and dominant framing of interdisciplinarity, followed by alternative framings and issues for consideration in instructional design and technology and learning sciences contexts, and concluding with a call to consider the ways conceptions of interdisciplinarity hinder or may support efforts toward equity and inclusion.
Structural and organizational factors shaping access to medication treatment for opioid use disorder in community supervision

Abstract Background Four million individuals in the U.S. criminal-legal system are supervised in the community under probation or parole. Sentences to community supervision often mandate participation in substance use treatment. Yet evidence-based treatment with medication (i.e., methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone) is rarely offered to people under community supervision with opioid use disorder (OUD). This qualitative study explores the structural and organizational factors shaping OUD medication treatment use in community supervision. Methods We conducted in-depth interviews with 31 community supervision professionals. Thematic analysis characterized interview participants’ perceptions of the key factors shaping use of OUD medications in community supervision. Findings Findings indicate that authorities making decisions about OUD treatment include community supervision agencies, treatment providers, judges and courts, and jails and prisons. Agencies with more rehabilitative cultural orientations are more forgiving of relapse and supportive of OUD medications. Punishment/enforcement orientations align with an emphasis on surveillance and drug testing, which can inhibit medication treatment and interrupt continuity of care. Community supervision agencies generally reported deference to the recommendations of substance use treatment providers regarding the details of treatment, including the use of medication. Given that most treatment providers do not offer OUD medication, community supervision agencies must develop a sophisticated understanding of the various services offered by local treatment providers to tailor referrals accordingly, a responsibility for which they may be inadequately trained. Conclusions Efforts to improve engagement with medication treatment in U.S. community supervision settings could have a significant impact on reincarceration, morbidity, and mortality among individuals with OUD under supervision.
Tracking Network Growth of Students with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) and Understanding the Challenges, Expectations, and Realizations of Families in a Postsecondary Program: Tracking Network Growth in a Postsecondary Program

Social Network Analysis is used to track the growth of students’ network in a PSE from their perspective and their parents’ perspective. Analysis from both perspectives found that while there was an increase in network size and a shift from family-centered networks to more peer centered networks, there was a decrease in density as participants formed distinct clusters in their network, an indication that network characteristics vary geographically based on the level of opportunities available. This mixed-methods study revealed individual and programmatic implications for helping students develop their social networks to increase social capital and improve employment outcomes.
Parallel and divergent genotypic evolution in experimental populations of Ralstonia sp

Genetic rearrangements within a population of bacteria were analyzed to understand the degree of divergence occurring after experimental evolution. We used 18 replicate populations founded from Ralstonia sp. strain TFD41 that had been propagated for 1,000 generations with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) as the carbon source. Genetic divergence was examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the incumbent plasmid that carries the 2,4-D catabolic genes and by amplification of random regions of the genome via PCR. In 18 evolved clones examined, we observed duplication within the plasmid, including the tfdA gene, which encodes a 2,4-D dioxygenase that catalyzes the first step in the 2,4-D catabolic pathway. In 71 of 72 evolved clones, a common 2.4-kb PCR product was lost when genomic fingerprints produced by PCR amplification using degenerate primers based on repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences (REP-PCR) were compared. The nucleotide sequence of the 2.4-kb PCR product has homology to the TRAP (tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic) solute transporter gene family. Hybridization of the 2.4-kb REP-PCR product from the ancestor to genomic DNA from the evolved populations showed that the loss of the PCR product resulted from deletions in the genome. Deletions in the plasmid and presence and/or absence of other REP-PCR products were also found in these clones but at much lower frequencies. The common and uncommon genetic changes observed show that both parallel and divergent genotypic evolution occurred in replicate populations of this bacterium.
A practical reconstruction algorithm for multifocal cone beam SPECT

Multifocal cone-beam collimation has been proposed for cardiac SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography) imaging to increase sensitivity over the heart without truncation of activity distribution in the chest. An accurate and efficient algorithm has been derived for multifocal fan-beam SPECT reconstruction and has been extended to multifocal cone-beam SPECT reconstruction. In the multifocal fan-beam algorithm, the projection data were weighted and filtered for every discrete distance from the detector plane, and then the filtered data were interpolated for a given image point in the backprojection. Thus, the backprojection was carried out only once at a projection view. The multifocal cone-beam algorithm was evaluated using the simulated 3-D Defrise slab phantom and the 3-D Shepp-Logan head phantom. In addition, a preliminary study to evaluate the multifocal cone-beam collimator was performed, in which effects of the focal length distribution and the radius-of-rotation (ROR) on the reconstructed image quality were examined. The image quality was improved with decreased ROR. >
Activity of Gibberellin ‘ D ’ on the Germination of Photosensitive Lettuce Seeds

RECENT discoveries in the gibberellin series have brought to light a large number of new compounds the activity of which varies widely in different tests1. In particular, Hashimoto and Yamaki2 with tobacco seeds, and Toole and Cathey3 with lettuce seeds, reported that GA4 was much more active than GA3, while Brian et al.1 indicate that GA4 and GA7, which had about equal activity on lettuce seeds, were both more active than GA3. However, the latter group stated that they were “not able to establish a simple relationship between dose and response” in their test. Borriss and Schmidt4 crystallized a gibberellin preparation from cultures of Gibberella fujikuroi which was 30 times as active as GA3 on the germination of Diplotaxus seeds and up to 2,000 times more active than GA3 on seeds of Lepidium ruderale. Later this preparation, first called gibberellin A6 or ‘D’ (ref. 4), was found to be a mixture of GA4 and GA7.
The National Ignition Facility and advances on high intensity ultrafast lasers

Summary from only given. NIF is the largest laser and electro-optical mechanical system ever built. The system contains over 7,300 large and small optics, 192 power conditioning modules providing 500 MW of electrical power to over 1700 flashlamps that illuminate 3072 laser glass slabs totaling 1.5 miles in length, and a sophisticated active alignment and computer control system with nearly 60,000 control points. An overview of the facility is given.
Fast 3D T2 -weighted imaging using variable flip angle transition into driven equilibrium (3D T2 -TIDE) balanced SSFP for prostate imaging at 3T.

Author(s): Srinivasan, Subashini; Wu, Holden H; Sung, Kyunghyun; Margolis, Daniel JA; Ennis, Daniel B | Abstract: PurposeThree-dimensional (3D) T2 -weighted fast spin echo (FSE) imaging of the prostate currently requires long acquisition times. Our objective was to develop a fast 3D T2 -weighted sequence for prostate imaging at 3T using a variable flip angle transition into driven equilibrium (T2 -TIDE) scheme.Methods3D T2 -TIDE uses interleaved spiral-out phase encode ordering to efficiently sample the ky -kz phase encodes and also uses the transient balanced steady-state free precession signal to acquire the center of k-space for T2 -weighted imaging. Bloch simulations and images from 10 healthy subjects were acquired to evaluate the performance of 3D T2 -TIDE compared to 3D FSE.Results3D T2 -TIDE images were acquired in 2:54 minutes compared to 7:02 minutes for 3D FSE with identical imaging parameters. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) efficiency was significantly higher for 3D T2 -TIDE compared to 3D FSE in nearly all tissues, including periprostatic fat (45 ± 12 vs. 31 ± 7, P l 0.01), gluteal fat (48 ± 8 vs. 41 ± 10, P = 0.12), right peripheral zone (20 ± 4 vs. 16 ± 8, P = 0.12), left peripheral zone (17 ± 2 vs. 12 ± 3, P l 0.01), and anterior fibromuscular stroma (12 ± 4 vs. 4 ± 2, P l 0.01).Conclusion3D T2 -TIDE images of the prostate can be acquired quickly with SNR efficiency that exceeds that of 3D FSE.