cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of relativity and correlation on L-MM Auger spectra.

Relativistic computations of ${L}_{1}$-MM, ${L}_{2}$-MM, and ${L}_{3}$-MM Auger spectra have been carried out in the intermediate coupling with configuration interaction for a final two-hole state and j-j coupling for an initial state. Results for ten elements with 18\ensuremath{\le}Z\ensuremath{\le}92 are listed and compared with experimental data. Good agreement with the scarce experimental data is attained. The effect of correlation is shown to shift some of the Auger energies by as much as \ensuremath{\sim}15 eV. The effect of final-ionic-state configuration interaction is found to increase the ${L}_{3}$-${M}_{1}$${M}_{1}$ rate by a factor of \ensuremath{\sim}2 for Z\ensuremath{\le}45. Intermediate coupling is necessary to analyze the L-MM Auger spectra for 30\ensuremath{\le}Z\ensuremath{\le}80. As in the case of K-${M}_{1}$${M}_{4}$,5 transition calculated ${L}_{1}$-${M}_{3}$${M}_{3}$${(\mathrm{}}^{3}$${P}_{2}$) and ${L}_{3}$-${M}_{1}$${M}_{4}$,5 intensities as functions of Z are found to peak sharply in the neighborhood of Z=63 due to the strong level-crossing interaction. This interaction is found to increase the ${L}_{1}$-${M}_{3}$${M}_{3}$${(\mathrm{}}^{3}$${P}_{2}$) intensity at Z=60 by a factor of 50.
Downregulation of Protein Kinase Cδ Activity Enhances Endothelial Cell Adaptation to Hypoxia

Background—Although protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in ischemic cell death, the role of individual PKC isoenzymes in the response of endothelial cells (ECs) to hypoxia is unknown. Methods and Results—To test the effect of hypoxia on the activity of individual PKC isoenzymes, human ECs were exposed to 95% N2 with 5% CO2 for 24 hours. This severe hypoxia reduced PKCδ specific activity in both human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) and a HUVEC-derived EC line (ECVs) significantly (80.5±5.7% and 55.5±8.6% of normoxia controls, respectively); the activities of PKCα and PKCe were unchanged. The protein levels of PKCα, PKCδ, and PKCe were unchanged by hypoxia. To determine whether PKCδ downregulation by hypoxia was linked to EC function, ECVs in which PKCδ was stably overexpressed (PKCδ-ECs) were exposed to hypoxia. A significant increase in cell death was observed in PKCδ-ECs compared with controls (5.8±0.6% versus 2.3±0.4% at 24 hours, 13.2±1.2% versus 4.1±0.4% at 48 hours, P<0.05) during hypoxia. Neithe...
MODELLING AND ANALYSES OF CRACKS IN FUSELAGE LAP JOINTS WITH A SINGLE-COUNTERSUNK RIVET

A fracture analysis was carried out to study cracks in fuselage lap joints with a single-countersunk rivet using the finite element and boundary element alternat- ing method. A global-local methodology was developed for crack modelling a complex structure. Stress intensity factor distributions along the crack front at the edge of the rivet hole in the corner of the joint outer sheet were predicted. Parametric studies were performed by varying crack shapes and sizes in the crack analysis. The effects of residual stresses induced by the riveting process on the stressintensityfactorswereinvestigatedtogetabetterunderstandingofthefailure mechanism for the lap joints.
Shooting the Past: An Instructional Case for Knowledge Management

This case for teaching knowledge management uses an episode of Mobil (now ExxonMobil) Masterpiece Theatre, “Shooting the Past,” and specifically the relationships among characters and objects, as a metaphor for knowledge management. The paper provides a written excerpt for use without the video; however, one can excerpt the video, available from WGBH in Boston (http://www.wgbh.org), to make a more powerful presentation. Instructors have effectively adapted the case in both undergraduate and graduate accounting information systems courses as well as among practicing professionals. The paper also includes discussions of knowledge management and several of its prevalent theories, as well as teaching notes for the case.
Ethanol consumption in the female Long-Evans rat: a modulatory role of estradiol.

The examination of various gonadal hormone manipulations on ethanol intake in human subjects and in rodent models has resulted in disparate findings. In the present study, we examined the effects of ovariectomy and subsequent estradiol (E 2 ) replacement on ethanol intake in a within-subject design, as well as assessed the relevance of reproductive status on the efficacy of an E 2 stimulus in eliciting consumption. Female Long‐Evans rats ( n � 24) were given access to 10% ethanol and water in a continuous-access paradigm. After es
Direct and indirect responses to selection on individual body weight in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

Three experiments were performed to examine the heritability of body weight among adult Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) evaluated in Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA, and to determine if selection on individual body weight could result in changes in offspring survival and yield. The first two experiments utilized midparent–offspring regressions to estimate the heritability (h 2 )o f adult oyster body weight and the coheritability (hx,y) between adult midparent body weight and offspring performance, including juvenile average body weight, survival and yield as well as adult survival and yield. In Experiment 1 both parents and offspring were evaluated in an “upriver” environment in Yaquina Bay. In Experiment 2 parents were evaluated in a “downriver” environment, while offspring were evaluated in an “upriver” environment. Experiment 3 contrasted average body weight, survival, and yield of offspring (evaluated upriver) derived from three large sires and three small sires mated to the same five females that were chosen at random (all parents evaluated downriver). In Spring 2002, 12 full-sib families from Experiment 1, 19 families from Experiment 2, and 26 families from Experiment 3 were stocked into lantern nets and suspended in Yaquina Bay. Measurements of yield (kg tier �1 ), average body weight (g), and survival (%) were recorded after one and two growing seasons in the field. Heritability estimates for adult body weight at harvest ranged from 0.313 (±0.083) in Experiment 1 to 0.003 (±0.073) in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, average body weight did not differ between offspring derived from large sires and offspring derived from small sires (P=0.47). Significant negative coheritability estimates were observed between adult midparent body weight and offspring survival in both Experiment 1 and Experiment 2. Significant negative coheritability estimates between adult midparent body weight and offspring yield were observed in Experiment 2 but not in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, offspring derived from large sires had significantly lower survival and yield than offspring derived from small sires. These results show adult oyster body weight to be heritable but also subject to site-specific adaptation such that selection in the downriver Yaquina Bay environment was ineffective at changing average body weight in the upriver environment. Negative coheritability estimates between performance traits indicate that adult oyster body weight may be a poor indirect measure of oyster yield potential, and that selection solely for increased body weight could lead to a decrease in offspring yield.
Direct Estimation of Noise Covariances

A direct technique for estimating unknown covariances of the stationary noise processes disturbing a linear time-invariant system is discussed and analyzed in this paper. The technique which is referred to as the stationary preprocessed measurement correlation (SPMC) technique is direct in the sense that the unknown noise covariances can be estimated without requiring the estimate of the state and the stationarity of the measurements. Under certain conditions on the fourth moments of the noise processes, it is shown that the estimate of the noise covariances converges in quadratic mean to their actual value.
Liver and kidney transplantation in children receiving cyclosporin A and steroids

The new immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A, was used with low doses of steroids to treat eight patients undergoing hepatic transplantation and three patients undergoing cadaveric renal transplantation. Seven of the eight liver recipients are well, including one who was given two livers. The three kidney recipients, who had developed cytotoxic antibodies after previously rejecting grafts with conventional immunosuppressive therapy, have had good results despite conditions which usually preclude attempts at transplantation. The ability to control rejection effectively and safely without chronic high-dose steroid therapy may make the described therapeutic regimen valuable for pediatric recipients of whole organs.
Backbone dynamics of the oligomerization domain of p53 determined from 15N NMR relaxation measurements

The backbone dynamics of the tetrameric p53 oligomerization domain (residues 319-360) have been investigated by two-dimensional inverse detected heteronuclear 1H-15N NMR spectroscopy at 500 and 600 MHz. 15N T1, T2, and heteronuclear NOEs were measured for 39 of 40 non-proline backbone NH vectors at both field strengths. The overall correlation time for the tetramer, calculated from the T1/T2 ratios, was found to be 14.8 ns at 35 degrees C. The correlation times and amplitudes of the internal motions were extracted from the relaxation data using the model-free formalism (Lipari G, Szabo A, 1982, J Am Chem Soc 104:4546-4559). The internal dynamics of the structural core of the p53 oligomerization domain are uniform and fairly rigid, with residues 327-354 exhibiting an average generalized order parameter (S2) of 0.88 +/- 0.08. The N- and C-termini exhibit substantial mobility and are unstructured in the solution structure of p53. Residues located at the N- and C-termini, in the beta-sheet, in the turn between the alpha-helix and beta-sheet, and at the C-terminal end of the alpha-helix display two distinct internal motions that are faster than the overall correlation time. Fast internal motions (< or = 20 ps) are within the extreme narrowing limit and are of uniform amplitude. The slower motions (0.6-2.2 ns) are outside the extreme narrowing limit and vary in amplitude.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Imaging beyond the ballistic limit in coherence imaging using multiply scattered light

We present an imaging system based on low coherence interferometric detection of multiply scattered light for extended depth imaging into highly scattering media. By incorporating angle-resolved detection, coherence imaging with multiply scattered photons is shown to be both feasible and potentially superior to existing techniques for performing time-resolved measurements of scattered light. Imaging is demonstrated through nearly 100 mean free paths of scattering phantom in a single-ended geometry. The resolution and imaging contrast are compared to those obtained with conventional OCT systems which chiefly detect singly scattered light.
Thalweg: A framework for programming 1,000 machines with 1,000 cores

While modern large-scale computing tasks have grown to span many machines, each with many cores, traditional programming models have not kept up with these advancements, resulting in difficulty exploiting these computing resources with only modest programmer effort. Thalweg seeks to address this breakdown in several ways. It provides a model for designing algorithms that have the potential to scale to multiple cores and machines, with subsequent optimization by software engineers. Based on this concept, Thalweg presents an API for handling these algorithms, for transferring data to and from nodes and coprocessors, and for verifying the correct operation of the hardware. Finally, Thalweg presents a set of concepts and a laboratory framework for pedagogical use that will educate the next generation of software engineers to operate in a world in which multi-core and distributed computing are everywhere.
Evaluation of N95 Respirator Use with a Surgical Mask Cover: Effects on Breathing Resistance and Inhaled Carbon Dioxide

Objective For pandemic influenza outbreaks, the Institute of Medicine has recommended using a surgical mask cover (SM) over N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) among healthcare workers as one strategy to avoid surface contamination of the FFR which would extend its efficacy and reduce the threat of exhausting FFR supplies. The objective of this investigation was to measure breathing air quality and breathing resistance when using FFRs with US Food and Drug Administration-cleared SM and without SM. Methods Thirty National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-approved FFR models with and without SM were evaluated using the NIOSH Automated Breathing and Metabolic Simulator (ABMS) through six incremental work rates. Results Generally, concentrations of average inhaled CO(2) decreased and average inhaled O(2) increased with increasing O(2) consumption for FFR+SM and FFR-only. For most work rates, peak inhalation and exhalation pressures were statistically higher in FFR+SM as compared with FFR-only. The type of FFR and the presence of exhalation valves (EVs) had significant effects on average inhaled CO(2), average inhaled O(2), and breathing pressures. The evidence suggests that placement of an SM on one type of FFR improved inhaled breathing gas concentrations over the FFR without SM; the placement of an SM over an FFR+EV probably will prevent the EV from opening, regardless of activity intensity; and, at lower levels of energy expenditure, EVs in FFR do not open either with or without an SM. Conclusions The differences in inhaled gas concentrations in FFR+SM and FFR-only were significant, especially at lower levels of energy expenditure. The orientation of the SM on the FFR may have a significant effect on the inhaled breathing quality and breathing resistance, although the measurable inhalation and exhalation pressures caused by SM over FFR for healthcare users probably will be imperceptible at lower activity levels.
Method for evaluating prediction models that apply the results of randomized trials to individual patients

The clinical significance of a treatment effect demonstrated in a randomized trial is typically assessed by reference to differences in event rates at the group level. An alternative is to make individualized predictions for each patient based on a prediction model. This approach is growing in popularity, particularly for cancer. Despite its intuitive advantages, it remains plausible that some prediction models may do more harm than good. Here we present a novel method for determining whether predictions from a model should be used to apply the results of a randomized trial to individual patients, as opposed to using group level results. We propose applying the prediction model to a data set from a randomized trial and examining the results of patients for whom the treatment arm recommended by a prediction model is congruent with allocation. These results are compared with the strategy of treating all patients through use of a net benefit function that incorporates both the number of patients treated and the outcome. We examined models developed using data sets regarding adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer and Dutasteride for benign prostatic hypertrophy. For adjuvant chemotherapy, we found that patients who would opt for chemotherapy even for small risk reductions, and, conversely, those who would require a very large risk reduction, would on average be harmed by using a prediction model; those with intermediate preferences would on average benefit by allowing such information to help their decision making. Use of prediction could, at worst, lead to the equivalent of an additional death or recurrence per 143 patients; at best it could lead to the equivalent of a reduction in the number of treatments of 25% without an increase in event rates. In the Dutasteride case, where the average benefit of treatment is more modest, there is a small benefit of prediction modelling, equivalent to a reduction of one event for every 100 patients given an individualized prediction. The size of the benefit associated with appropriate clinical implementation of a good prediction model is sufficient to warrant development of further models. However, care is advised in the implementation of prediction modelling, especially for patients who would opt for treatment even if it was of relatively little benefit.
Baroclinic Flow around Planetary Islands in a Double Gyre: A Mechanism for Cross-Gyre Flow

Abstract A quasigeostrophic, two-layer model is used to study the baroclinic circulation around a thin, meridionally elongated island. The flow is driven by either buoyancy forcing or wind stress, each of whose structure would produce an antisymmetric double-gyre flow. The ocean bottom is flat. When the island partially straddles the intergyre boundary, fluid from one gyre is forced to flow into the other. The amount of the intergyre flow depends on the island constant, that is, the value of the geostrophic streamfunction on the island in each layer. That constant is calculated in a manner similar to earlier studies and is determined by the average, along the meridional length of the island, of the interior Sverdrup solution just to the east of the island. Explicit solutions are given for both buoyancy and wind-driven flows. The presence of an island of nonzero width requires the determination of the baroclinic streamfunction on the basin’s eastern boundary. The value of the boundary term is proportional ...
Chronic disease in the twentieth century: A history

Although arguments continue about the causes of the epidemiological transition, historians and physicians generally agree that chronic, non-communicable diseases replaced acute epidemics as the lea...
Dependence of the two-photon absorption cross section on the conjugation of the phenylacetylene linker in dipolar donor-bridge-acceptor chromophores.

The nonlinear optical properties of four isomeric dipolar two-photon chromophores are compared. The chromophores consist of a carbazole electron donor coupled to a naphthalimide electron acceptor by a phenylacetylene bridge. By variation of the connectivity of the bridge at the phenyl groups, four compounds with 0, 1, and 2 meta linkages are synthesized. The linear and nonlinear optical properties of these compounds are measured. Despite similar linear absorption cross sections, the two-photon absorption cross section δ of the all-meta compound is almost a factor of 10 lower than the all-para compound. By taking the detailed molecular conformations into account in order to calculate accurate dipole moment changes, we find that the decrease in δ results largely from the decreased charge transfer ability with increasing number of meta linkages. We find that a two-state model can be used to predict semiquantitatively the observed trend in δ on the basis of the linear optical properties of the molecules. This...
Internal and External Validity of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and ADHD Inattention Dimensions with Teacher Ratings of Nepali Children.

The objective was to evaluate the validity of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) and ADHD-inattention (IN) symptoms in children from Nepal. Teachers rated SCT, ADHD-IN, ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), anxiety, depression, academic impairment, social impairment, and peer rejection dimensions in 366 children (50 % girls) in first through sixth grades (M age = 9.35, SD age = 1.96) on two separate occasions separated by 4-weeks. Seven of the eight SCT symptoms and all nine ADHD-IN symptoms showed convergent validity (substantial loadings on their respective factors) and discriminant validity (higher loadings on their respective factor than the alternative factor) at both time-points. Across all three separate analyses (assessment 1, assessment 2, and from assessment 1 to assessment 2), higher SCT scores were associated with lower ADHD-HI scores and higher depression, academic impairment, and social impairment scores after controlling for ADHD-IN while higher ADHD-IN scores were associated with higher ADHD-HI, ODD, academic impairment, and peer rejection scores after controlling for SCT. Also, as hypothesized, SCT scores were not related to ODD scores after controlling for ADHD-IN. The study provides the first evidence for the internal and external validity of the SCT dimension relative to the ADHD-IN dimension with teacher ratings of children from Nepal, thereby increasing the validity of the SCT construct beyond North America, Western Europe, South America, and South Korea.
A Simplified Micro ELISA Procedure for the Measurement of Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG)

A simplified micro ELISA procedure to measure platelet-associated IgG is described. The platelet-bound IgG first is extracted into the fluid phase by solubilizing washed platelets in 0.1% triton X-100. The solubilized IgG in the extract and IgG standards are incubated in microtiter wells previously coated with antihuman IgG. The IgG in the standards and extract bind to the solid phase antihuman IgG. The bound IgG then is measured by the addition of peroxidase labeled antihuman IgG and appropriate substrate. With this method platelets from normal controls were found to have 1.7 +/- 0.6 fg IgG/platelet (mean +/- SD). Platelets from patients with ATP had values that were two to seven times the control values. The relative advantage of this technic is discussed.
Rubella Neutralizing Antibody Determinations with the Rabbit Kidney Cell Strain LLC-RK1

SummaryThe serum neutralization test utilizing the continuous line of rabbit kidney-cell strain LLC-RK1 has been found to be quite sensitive and reproducible. Some differences in results were found when neutralization tests were compared to HI tests. Performance of the HI test at an initial 1:4 dilution of serum appeared to be an important step in decreasing the possibility of false negative results. Even with this change, of 37 sera with no detectable HI antibody, 9 had antibody in the neutralization test. Clearly, there is a need to not only document serological results but to determine the true significance of these conflicting findings. These differences are important for the interpretation of serological tests for all clinical and vaccine studies.
Entropy-Based Index for Spatiotemporal Analysis of Streamflow, Precipitation, and Land-Cover

AbstractThe hydrological behavior of a watershed is influenced by a multitude of factors that interact differently in time and space. The perspicacity of these interactions is critical for advancing water resource management. This article discusses an approach that entails an entropy-based disorder index for spatio-temporal pattern analysis. Based on a case study, the article reported the pertinence of the index for analyzing the hydrologic components of the watershed. Specifically, the approach examines the spatio-temporal patterns of streamflow, precipitation, and land-cover across the watershed. Indeed, each of these three variables is time-dependent and plays a determinant role in terrestrial hydrology. However, their joint functionality is more complex to elucidate, even though these variables frequently display meaningful variability in time and space. Within this contextual frame, application of the entropy-based index reveals prominent signals that are useful for water resources assessment. Moreov...
Two-dimensional free-form fabrication and lifetime-tuning of quantum dots

We perform free-form fabrication of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) on a plasmonic substrate using optically generated microbubbles, with control over the concentration of QDs. We further tune the QD-plasmon interaction to achieve tunable QD lifetime from 80ps to 1 ns.
Nice symmetric and antisymmetric polynomials

We first present a general property of nice polynomials, which leads to an important modification of the concept of equivalence classes of nice polynomials. We then establish several properties of nice symmetric and antisymmetric polynomials with an odd number of distinct roots. We give a complete description of all nice symmetric and antisymmetric polynomials with three distinct roots. We then apply our results to nice symmetric sextics and octics. As an important application, all the properties we have established have dramatically increased the speed of a computer search for examples, allowing us to discover the first examples of nice symmetric and antisymmetric polynomials with five distinct roots and the first two examples of nice polynomials with six distinct roots.
Transition metal ion complexes of thiosemicarbazones derived from 2-acetylpyridine. Part 8. The chemical and antifungal properties of the nickel(II) complexes of 2-acetylpyridine4N-diethyl- and4N-dipropylthiosemicarbazones

Nickel(II) complexes of 2-acetylpyridine4N-diethyl- and4N-dipropylthiosemicarbazone show less activity againstAspercallus niger than the free thiosemicarbazones. However, againstPaecilomyces variotii the nickel(II) complexes possess comparable activity at high concentrations and are more active at lower concentrations. Spectral and thermal information about the nickel(II) complexes, which coordinate the anionic thiosemicarbazone ligands in a tridentate manner, is included.
Mitochondrial DNA Mutation in Rett Syndrome

Analysis of mitochondrial DNA from 15 children with Rett syndrome (RS) and 14 of their mothers is reported from the Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Medical University, China.
Implications of Non-Equilibrium States and Glass Transitions in Fried Foods

Abstract Frying is used to cook many foods, and in the process transforms the native proteins and polysaccharides in those products. The process also dehydrates the food, either partially, as in the case of French fries, or substantially as in the case of potato chips. Frying also imparts characteristic browning, flavor and texture characteristics, and these are controlled by the structural or physical states that develop. In the food industry, the most common form of frying is known as deep-fat frying . Here, the food is totally immersed in high-temperature oil (160–190°C), either in batch fryers often seen in restaurants, or continuous fryers as used in the large-scale production of potato chips.
How radiation victims suffer

(1986). How radiation victims suffer. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 42, Chernobyl: The Emerging Story, pp. 13-17.
Near-IR (1 – 4 μm) control of plasmonic resonance wavelength in Ga-doped ZnO

The plasmonic resonance wavelength λres in ZnO doped with 3wt%Ga2O3 can be controlled over the range 1 – 4 μm by simple furnace annealing in flowing Ar. For each annealing temperature TA, the reflectance Rm and transmittance Tm are measured over a wavelength range, λ = 185 – 3200 nm, (energy range, E = 6.7 – 0.387 eV), and the reflectance coefficient R is calculated from Rm and Tm. The value of λres is then determined from a Drude-theory analysis of R vs E that yields fitting parameters nopt (optical carrier concentration), μopt (optical mobility), high-frequency dielectric constant e∞, and thickness d, at each annealing temperature TA. The validity of this process is confirmed by comparison of e∞ with literature values, and comparison of nopt and μopt with analogous quantities n and μH measured by the Hall-effect.
Needle in a haystack: Interactive surgical instrument recognition through perception and manipulation

Abstract This paper presents a solution to the challenge of accurate surgical instrument recognition by a Robotic Scrub Nurse (RSN) in the Operating Room (OR). Surgical instruments, placed on the surgical mayo tray, are often cluttered, occluded and display specular light which poses a challenge for conventional recognition algorithms. To tackle this problem we resort to a hybrid computer vision and robotic manipulation combined strategy. The instruments are first segmented and pose is estimated, then the RSN system picks up the unknown instruments and presents them to the optical sensor in the determined pose. Last, the instruments are recognized and delivered. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed segmentation, grasping and recognition algorithms, respectively. The proposed patch-based segmentation algorithm can achieve an F-score of 0.90. The proposed force-based grasping protocol can achieve an average picking success rate of 92% with various instrument layouts, and the proposed attention-based instrument recognition module can reach a recognition accuracy of 95.6%. Experimental results indicate the applicability and effectiveness of a RSN to perform accurate and robust surgical instrument recognition.
Resting-state Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Presurgical Functional Mapping: Sensorimotor Localization

This article compares resting-state functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging with task fMR imaging for presurgical functional mapping of the sensorimotor (SM) region. Before tumor resection, 38 patients were scanned using both methods. The SM area was anatomically defined using 2 different software tools. Overlap of anatomic regions of interest with task activation maps and resting-state networks was measured in the SM region. A paired t-test showed higher overlap between resting-state maps and anatomic references compared with task activation when using a maximal overlap criterion. Resting state-derived maps are more comprehensive than those derived from task fMR imaging.
Immunohistochemistry of Lung Cancer Biomarkers

Immunohistochemistry represents a comparatively inexpensive testing method which is attractive as a potential alternative to molecular sequencing methods or FISH for pulmonary biomarker testing. While a variety of immunohistochemical tests have been developed and evaluated since the advent of targeted therapy, specific antibody clones for ALK and ROS-1 have been the primary antibodies which provide sufficiently robust results to be utilized as either a primary testing or screening method to direct targeted therapy. Antibodies for a variety of other targets, such as EGFR, have lacked sufficient sensitivity and specificity to cover the range of mutations which may occur and are generally not recommended in lieu of molecular testing with the exception of limited resource settings. More recently, immune modulating drugs directed against either PD1 or PD-L1 have rapidly emerged to become a standard of care in certain clinical situations. Currently, this has resulted in multiple drugs, each with their own proprietary companion or complimentary diagnostic immunohistochemical test, which has presented many challenges to the practicing pathologist, and ongoing efforts will hopefully streamline this testing process in the future.
Rural/Non-Rural differences in psychosocial risk factors among sexual minorities

The purpose of this study was to examine rural versus non-rural differences in the following risk factors among sexual minority adults: victimization/discrimination, fundamental religiosity, identi...
Predicting short- and long-term desistance from crime with the NEO personality inventory-short form: Domain scores and interactions in high risk delinquent youth

Abstract The current study sought to determine whether the main and interactive effects of the five domains of the Five Factor model (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) predicted short- and long-term desistance from crime in a sample of seriously delinquent youth. Participants were 1126 males from the Pathways to Desistance study with complete data on at least one of the study variables. The NEO Personality Inventory-Short Form was administered during Wave 4 of the Pathways study and desistance was measured 6–60 months later. Agreeableness was the only scale to consistently and meaningfully predict short- and long-term desistance. These results suggest that Agreeableness may promote desistance in youth with extensive prior involvement in the juvenile justice system.
MATHEMATICAL OPTIMIZATION OF SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC ENERGY STORAGE FOR WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS

Wind variability coupled with conditional changes in the level of energy consumption with respect to time has made the need for energy storage indispensable in increased penetration of wind energy. The quest for an environmentally friendly device with fast dynamic response and nearly infinite cycling has resulted in superconducting magnetic energy storage being proposed as a novel storage technology for wind energy systems. This paper builds on previous work in our lab that uses a magnesium diboirde superconducting magnetic energy storage system to address wind interruptions. Mathematical optimization was conducted to design large capacity toroid storage specifically to address sustained interruptions from wind turbines. The toroidal configuration consisting of 4 modules exhibited the highest normalized efficiency with the least superconductor requirement.
Validation of a Questionnaire to Screen University Students for Learning Disabilities.

Learning disabilities (LD) may cause academic failures among university students, but minor accommodations may in some instances allow students to progress satisfactorily. The current study validates a questionnaire for detecting students likely to have an LD. University students, 57 with a documented LD and 134 without, completed a Likert-scale questionnaire to assess the degree of self-perceived difficulty for 50 learning or testing situations. Wilcoxon rank sum test, separate logistic regression models, and determination of the best joint set of predictors of LD were carried out. The mean per-item questionnaire score was higher in the LD group (p < 0.0001); 47 individual items were significant predictors (i.e., p < 0.05) of LD status. The best joint set of predictors consisted of items dealing with word pronunciation, comprehending mathematical word problems, formulating summaries, spelling, slow reading rate, finishing tests in the allotted time, note-taking in lectures, and falling asleep while reading. Incorporating responses to these eight items, a formula was derived to determine the probability of LD. Taking 0.26 as the threshold for predicting the presence of an LD, the sensitivity of the questionnaire was 88%, the specificity was 87% for this population. The questionnaire could be an effective screening tool to detect university or professional students who should consider comprehensive testing for LD.
The History of the Inflation-Recession Proposal

The idea of studying inflation occurred to me in April of 1974. At that time, the inflation rate was soaring to over 10 percent and unemployment was also climbing sharply, a state of affairs that economists had long insisted could not happen. Conventional economic wisdom held that, when inflation was high, unemployment would be low and vice-versa. The anomaly of high unemployment and high inflation was shaking not only economics but also the political establishment as well.
System-Subsystem Dependency Network for Integrating Multicomponent Data and Application to Health Sciences

Two features are commonly observed in large and complex systems. First, a system is made up of multiple subsystems. Second there exists fragmented data. A methodological challenge is to reconcile the potential parametric inconsistency across individually calibrated subsystems. This study aims to explore a novel approach, called system-subsystem dependency network, which is capable of integrating subsystems that have been individually calibrated using separate data sets. In this paper we compare several techniques for solving the methodological challenge. Additionally, we use data from a large-scale epidemiologic study as well as a large clinical trial to illustrate the solution to inconsistency of overlapping subsystems and the integration of data sets.
Use of natural language processing in electronic medical records to identify pregnant women with suicidal behavior: towards a solution to the complex classification problem

We developed algorithms to identify pregnant women with suicidal behavior using information extracted from clinical notes by natural language processing (NLP) in electronic medical records. Using both codified data and NLP applied to unstructured clinical notes, we first screened pregnant women in Partners HealthCare for suicidal behavior. Psychiatrists manually reviewed clinical charts to identify relevant features for suicidal behavior and to obtain gold-standard labels. Using the adaptive elastic net, we developed algorithms to classify suicidal behavior. We then validated algorithms in an independent validation dataset. From 275,843 women with codes related to pregnancy or delivery, 9331 women screened positive for suicidal behavior by either codified data (N = 196) or NLP (N = 9,145). Using expert-curated features, our algorithm achieved an area under the curve of 0.83. By setting a positive predictive value comparable to that of diagnostic codes related to suicidal behavior (0.71), we obtained a sensitivity of 0.34, specificity of 0.96, and negative predictive value of 0.83. The algorithm identified 1423 pregnant women with suicidal behavior among 9331 women screened positive. Mining unstructured clinical notes using NLP resulted in a 11-fold increase in the number of pregnant women identified with suicidal behavior, as compared to solely reliance on diagnostic codes.
Comparative gene expression analysis of the β-amylase and hordein gene families in the developing barley grain

Abstract Expression of hordeins and β-amylase during barley grain development is important in determining malting quality parameters that are controlled by protein and malt enzyme levels. The relationship between protein and enzyme levels is confounding because, in general, protein and malt enzyme activity are positively correlated and the malting and brewing industries demand relatively low levels of protein and relatively high levels of enzymes. Separation of these traits is desirable because high protein levels are one of the primary causes of barley not meeting malt quality standards. Studies on barley grain development have not resulted in a consensus on the temporal accumulation of hordein and endosperm-specific β-amylase (Bmy1) and thus, it is unclear whether hordeins and Bmy1 are under control of the same temporal regulator (s). Therefore, temporal expression patterns of hordeins (B- [Hor2], C– [Hor1], D- [Hor3], and γ-hordein [Hor5]) were compared to Bmy1 throughout grain development (5 to 35 days after anthesis (DAA)). Transcript accumulation between hordeins and Bmy1 occurred simultaneously beginning during the pre-storage phase of grain development whereas the B1-hordein protein appeared two days before Bmy1 most likely due to variations in gene copy number. Interestingly, the largest increase in hordein and Bmy1 transcript levels occurred between 5 and 9 (Hor2, Hor2-B1, Hor2-B3, Hor3, Hor5-γ1, and Hor5-γ3) or 9 and 13 DAA (Hor1 and Bmy1). Additionally, ubiquitous β-amylase (Bmy2) has a novel expression pattern and was the predominant β-amylase present between 5 and 15 DAA whereas Bmy1 was the predominant β-amylase present between 17 and 35 DAA.
Introduction to the Symposium on the Economics of Religion

This article introduces the six essays comprising this symposium on the economics of religion. The essay by Carvalho presents an economic model highlighting the “social role” of sacrifice in religi...
Fixing Being with Likeness: Facial Recognition as the Stage for Global Per-Formance

This contribution uses a phenomenological and psychoanalytic framework to rethink the porous boundaries between being and likeness . I move from a Surrealist advertising pamphlet produced in 1919 to the facial surgery techniques of 2018, contextualizing theories of the dyadic relationship between text and reader (Iser) with practices of image-solicitation and digital intimacy on the Internet. In unpacking self-surveillance techniques and state-run biometric technologies, this paper examines how our use of faces informs the ways our faces are used against us. Through analyzing how the performance of fantasy and the realization of authorship are imbricated through images of humankind, I research new developments in Augmented Reality avatars, linking the language of the face (Levinas) as a staging ground for potential empathy and conversely, systematic exclusion. In tracing the data double while looking at the biopolitical function of social media, this paper considers how our images of humankind fix our embodied nature while fixing others in place.
Development of Lonicera Cultivars Resistant to the Honeysuckle Aphid (Hyadaphis tataricae)

Lonicera taxa growing in collections at the University of Minnesota Landscape Arboretum have been evaluated and observations are given for resistance to the honeysuckle witches broom aphid, Hyadaph...
Peacekeeping is Not Counterinsurgency

In the name of better protecting civilians and UN troops, some leaders in the UN system have called for UN peacekeepers to negate the basic principles of peacekeeping, urging peacekeepers to turn t...
The Quality of Whiteness: The Thief of Bagdad and The Merchant of Venice

ABSTRACTThis article reads Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice through a framework of critical whiteness studies, addressing the invisibility by which whiteness operates as a racial formation. Usi...
Extension of the Kofler Contact Method to Ternary Systems

ABSTRACTThe Kofler contact method is often used in optical thermal microscopy to examine binary phase transitions. We present here a technique for obtaining ternary contact zones to quickly determine the general features of ternary phase behavior by microscopic observation.
Cortical Changes Across the Autism Lifespan.

Although it is widely accepted that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves neuroanatomical abnormalities and atypical neurodevelopmental patterns, there is little consensus regarding the precise pattern of neuroanatomical differences or how these differences relate to autism symptomology. Furthermore, there is limited research related to neuroanatomical correlates of autism symptomology in individuals with ASD and the studies that do exist primarily include small samples. This study was the first to investigate gray matter (GM) changes throughout the ASD lifespan, using voxel-based morphometry to determine whether significant differences exist in the GM volumes of a large sample of individuals with ASD compared to age- and IQ-matched typical controls. We examined GM volume across the lifespan in 531 individuals diagnosed with ASD and 571 neurotypical controls, aged 7–64. We compared groups and correlated GM with age and autism severity in the ASD group. Findings suggest bilateral decreased GM volume for individuals with ASD in regions extending from the thalamus to the cerebellum, anterior medial temporal lobes, and orbitofrontal regions. Higher autism severity was associated with decreased GM volumes in prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal and temporal regions, and temporal poles. Similar relationships were found between GM volume and age. ASD diagnosis and severity were not associated with increased GM volumes in any region. Autism Res 2015, 8: 379–385. © 2015 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Two Procedures for Anterior Vaginal Wall Prolapse

Objective To compare success rates between anterior colporrhaphy and abdominal paravaginal defect repair for treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse. Methods This was a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing anterior colporrhaphy plus polyglactin 910 mesh (vaginal) to paravaginal defect repair (abdominal) in women with symptomatic anterior vaginal wall prolapse. Pelvic organ prolapse quantification staging (POP-Q), pelvic floor distress inventory, pelvic floor impact questionnaire, and pelvic organ prolapse/urinary incontinence sexual questionnaires were administered pre and post-operatively. Women were followed up to 2 years. The primary outcome was anterior POP-Q stage, with failure defined as ≥stage II. Results We enrolled 70 patients, 35 in each group. Demographic and most peri-operative characteristics were similar between the groups. Mean anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair time (39 min) was shorter for vaginal versus abdominal repair (60 min; P < 0.001), with more concurrent hysterectomies in the vaginal (71%) versus abdominal group (42%), P = 0.01. At 2 years, objective failure rates for the vaginal and abdominal groups were 32% and 40%, respectively, P = 0.56. Subjective failure rates were lower and similar for both groups. Patient satisfaction rates were 88% for the vaginal and 73% for the abdominal group, P = 0.11. Quality of life questionnaires showed significant improvement from baseline but no difference between the groups (P = 0.12). Conclusions At 2 years follow-up, anterior colporrhaphy with polyglactin 910 mesh and abdominal paravaginal defect repair have similar success rates, with most objective failures being asymptomatic. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:72–77, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ethernet card discrimination using unintentional cable emissions and constellation-based fingerprinting

Improved network security is addressed using device dependent physical-layer (PHY) based fingerprints from Ethernet cards to augment traditional MAC-based ID verification. The investigation uses unintentional Ethernet cable emissions and device fingerprints comprised of Constellation-Based, Distinct Native Attribute (CB-DNA) features. Near-field collection probe derivative effects dictated the need for developing a two-dimensional (2D) binary constellation for demodulation and CB-DNA extraction. Results show that the 2D constellation provides reliable demodulation (bit estimation) and device discrimination using symbol cluster statistics for CB-DNA. Bit Error Rate (BER) and Cross-Manufacturer Discrimination (CMD) results are provided for 16 devices from 4 different manufactures. Device discrimination is assessed using both Nearest Neighbor (NN) and Multiple Discriminant Analysis, Maximum Likelihood (MDA/ML) classifiers. Overall results are promising and include CMD average classification accuracy of %C = 76.73% (NN) and %C = 91.38% (MDA/ML).
THE IMPACT OF THIRD -PARTY INFORMATION ON THE DYNAMICS OF ONLINE WORD -OF -MOUTH AND RETAIL SALES

Consumers have been widely searching information on third!party and retail websites before making product choices, yet receiving limited systematic investigation of how consumers process third!party information and retai ler!hosted (internal) word!of! mouth (WOM) and its consequences on retail sales. In this research, we examine the impact of third party information on the dynamics of internal WOM and retail sales by analyzing a simultaneous equation system in a Bayesian hierarchical framework in online software market. We find that third!party in formation moderates the positive feedback mechanism between internal WOM and retail sales. Receiving third!party reviews positively interact with retail sales to increase volume of internal WOM, thus leading to more sales; whereas consumer adoption of free!trial services negatively moderates the impact of retail sales on internal WOM, which may potentially have a negative impact on future sales indirectly. The findings imply that third!party information interact with retail website information in influencing consumers’ product choices.
Breast Feeding and Sexuality: Behaviour, Beliefs and Taboos among the Gogo Mothers in Tanzania

Breast Feeding and Sexuality: Behaviour, Beliefs and Taboos among the Gogo Mothers in Tanzania. Mara Mabilia. New York: Berghahn Books, 2005. 140 pp.