cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The implementation of information technology in the corporate engineering library

SUMMARY The corporate engineering library has been shaped by a variety of recent business and technology trends. The increasing globalization and focus on efficiency in the corporate world has resulted in the consolidation or organization of corporate libraries and the outsourcing of non-essential functions. The rapid adoption of Intranets and other information technologies in corporations has created opportunities for libraries to develop new services, expand their scope of influence, and serve non-traditional customers across the enterprise. This refocusing of the corporate engineering library based upon corporate objectives and technological opportunity has resulted in a dramatic redefinition of the corporate library and its emergence as a novel information organization. Given recent technical advances and the expanding pace of corporate consolidation, it is expected that the corporate engineering library will develop a stronger focus on information technology in the coming decade.
Public taps and private connections: the production of caste distinction and common sense in a Rajasthan drinking water supply project

This paper analyses a drinking water supply project in rural Rajasthan, India, that deliberately sought to create greater equality across caste for water users through a combination of public taps and payment for water. Later, in the post-construction phase of the project, those goals were undermined by the counter-technologies of upper caste households and the village-scale institutions that supported them. The paper brings together geographic research on neoliberal water governance and caste processes in modern rural India to illuminate how neoliberal subjectivities deepened in the post-project phase. It shows the ways that caste norms, village water governance and state power converged to produce ‘new’ ways of thinking about water access and payment that undermined the social goals and the physical infrastructure of the project. The paper contributes to research on neoliberalisation and the creation of subjects by demonstrating the mutual constitution of caste inequalities and successfully marketised drinking water over the construction and post-construction phases of the project.
What drives seasonal change in oligotrophic area in the subtropical North Atlantic

The oligotrophic regions of the subtropical gyres cover a significant portion of the global ocean, and exhibit considerable but poorly understood intraseasonal, interannual, and longer-term variations in spatial extent. Here using historical observations of surface ocean nitrate, wind, and currents, we have investigated how horizontal and vertical supplies of nitrate control seasonal changes in the size and shape of oligotrophic regions of the subtropical North Atlantic. In general, the oligotrophic region of the subtropical North Atlantic is associated with the region of weak vertical supply of nitrate. Though the total vertical supply of nitrate here is generally greater than the total horizontal supply, we find that seasonal expansion and contraction of the oligotrophic region is consistent with changes in horizontal supply of nitrate. In this dynamic periphery of the subtropical gyre, the seasonal variations in chlorophyll are linked to variations in horizontal nitrate supply that facilitate changes in intracellular pigment concentrations, and to a lesser extent, phytoplankton biomass. Our results suggest that horizontal transports of nutrient are crucial in setting seasonal cycles of chlorophyll in large expanses of the subtropical North Atlantic, and may play a key and underappreciated role in regulating interannual variations in these globally important marine ecosystems.
Benzene adsorption on Ru(0 0 0 1) and graphene/Ru(0 0 0 1)—How to synthesize epitaxial graphene without STM or LEED?

Abstract A simple synthesis and characterization procedure for graphene growth on Ru(0 0 0 1) is demonstrated. Only a sample heating setup and mass spectrometer (or residual gas analyzer) are required. In addition, sample stability at ambient conditions (in air) was tested. Furthermore, benzene adsorption on graphene/Ru(0 0 0 1) was characterized by thermal desorption spectroscopy and compared with earlier experiments and theory on carbon nanotubes and highly-oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). In addition, Auger and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used.
Structure and formation of pores in fenestrated capillaries.

The pores of the fenestrated capillary endothelium of rat kidney are spanned by a diaphragm which has a regular substructure. This was established by the comparison of conventionally fixed and sectioned material with replicas obtained by the freeze-etching method. The substructure of the diaphragm consists of two centrally located fibrous rings which are connected to the pore rim by radiating fibers. Additional evidence for such a structural arrangement was found in forming pores where the membrane differentiated into structures comparable to the ones in completed pores. There is some indication that the endothelial pores are octagonal in outline. A dynamic concept of pore formation is presented. The observed structural arrangement of the diaphragm or central density of the pores may account for the “small pores” as required by the “pore theory” of capillary permeability and for rapid passage of peroxidase molecules, but a purely structural function cannot be excluded.
Stratford's turbulent separation criterion for axially-symmetric flows

Stratford's formula for two-dimensional turbulent separation is using an updated constant $$C_p (x dC_p /dx)^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} = 0.50(10^{ - 6} R)^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {10}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {10}}} $$ A modification for axially symmetric flow as at the tail of a body of revolution has been found. It is $$C_p [x(r_0 /r)dC_p /dx]^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}} = 0.50(10^{ - 6} R)^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 {10}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {10}}} $$ The available data for determining the constant-0.50—are studied in some detail.
A Primer on Multilevel Modeling

Multilevel modeling (MLM) is growing in use throughout the social sciences. Although daunting from a mathematical perspective, MLM is relatively easy to employ once some basic concepts are understood. In this article, I present a primer on MLM, describing some of these principles and applying them to the analysis of a multilevel data set on doctor-patient communication during medical consultations.
Development of a Non-Linear Model of a Double Wishbone Suspension for the Characterization of Force Transmission to the Steering Column and Chassis

A non-linear model of a double wishbone suspension is developed to investigate the effects of variation of suspension parameters on the transmission and distribution of tire forces acting on the wheel spindle to the steering system and the vehicle chassis. The suspension is idealized as a four degree-of-freedom model, with suspension members considered as rigid links and the bushings idealized as linear spring-damper elements. Degrees-of-freedom representing the longitudinal compliance of the suspension mounting bushings, steering and the rotation of the control arms are considered. The equations of motion are derived using the Lagrange multiplier method, and solved numerically using MATLAB. A system of relative co-ordinates is used to reduce the number of equations due to the large number of geometric and kinematic constraints for an efficient numerical simulation. The equations retain all the non-linearity’s associated with large changes in the geometric configuration of the suspension system. The analytical model can be used to develop a quantitative measure of the importance of the parameters such as mass, inertia of the control arms, suspension bushing stiffness and damping and spatial geometry of installation to the force distribution and force transmissibility to the vehicle chassis and the steering system. The results of numerical simulation are compared with simulation data obtained from ADAMS.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Web channels in e-commerce

A popular commercial use of the Web is for busi-ness advertising. When companies set up their Websites, their first goal is usually to advertise the prod-ucts and services they offer. Applications of thiskind are called “shop-front” applications. MostWeb sites evolve from shop-front sites to providingsome elements of interactivity. Customers canreview products, send comments to the Web mas-ter, leave behind some demographic information,customize their user profiles, and so forth. Webapplications have historically progressed from thissimple interactive level to becoming full-fledgedordering systems. Activities such as customer sup-port, customer services and after-sales support areprimarily information-based and, therefore, theWeb can play a significant role. For a businessintending to serve its customers, the Web canreplace expensive 800-number help lines andpaper-based documents with interactive servicesand easily updateable online information. Theinvestment in hosting such services can save moneyand please customers at the same time [5].
Detection of hypoxia-related proteins in medaka (Oryzias latipes) brain tissue by difference gel electrophoresis and de novo sequencing of 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate-derivatized peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Abstract Two-dimensional fluorescence-based difference gel electrophoresis (DIGE) was used in combination with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF/TOF-MS) to identify a set of hypoxia-related biomarker proteins in medaka (Oryzias latipes) brain tissue. Each of the proteins were identified via de novo sequencing of tryptic peptides derivatized with 4-sulfophenyl isothiocyanate (SPITC), which N-terminally sulfonates peptides and promotes facile post-source decay peptide fragmentation, resulting in greatly simplified spectra consisting mainly of y-series fragment ions. We also report that addition of the non-ionic surfactant n-octyl-β- d -glucopyranoside significantly improves SPITC-derivatized peptide recoveries. In addition, we found that a MALDI matrix consisting of the sodium-tolerant matrix 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone, diammonium citrate, and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid also improves ionization of SPITC-peptides, presumably by reducing ionization suppression effects from matrix contaminants, especially sodium cations. The DIGE experiments and analyses resulted in detection of six abundant proteins and related isozymes up-regulated (> 1.49, p
Elevated cAMP in intestinal epithelial cells during experimental cholera and salmonellosis

Cholera and salmonellosis are two diarrheal diseases in which intestinal tissue cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations are elevated. Investigations of each experimental disease were initiated to identify the specific intestinal cells containing the elevated cAMP. Epithelial cells were eluted from the mucosa of infected and control intestinal loops of adult rabbits, after which the cAMP content of the epithelial cell fractions and the lamina propria cells was extracted and assayed. The identity of the epithelial cells (in the villus tip-to-crypt cell gradient) was monitored by measuring their intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity, while scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the effects of infection and cell elution techniques. Clearly, in both experimental cholera and salmonellosis, elevated cAMP levels were associated with crypt epithelial cells. Villus tip epithelial cells from either infection tended to contain less cAMP than those of noninfected control tissue. In Salmonella-infected loops, it was apparent that cAMP was also elevated in lamina propria cell fractions. Lamina propria cells from V. cholerae-infected intestinal loops contained only basal levels of cAMP. In vitro exposure of isolated intestinal cells from normal rabbit intestine to a cell-free lysate of Salmonella resulted in elevation of cAMP in the epithelial cells and lamina propria cells. We conclude that in experimental cholera and salmonellosis, significant elevation of the cAMP levels occurred in intestinal crypt cells, consistent with an enterotoxin-mediated mechanism. In Salmonella-infected loops, it was unclear if the increased concentration of cAMP in lamina propria cells was generated by enterotoxin released from the invasive salmonellae or by prostaglandins formed during the inflammatory response to the bacteria, or by both mechanisms.
Polyelectrolyte Composite Materials with LiPF6 and Tetraglyme

The synthesis and properties of a new type of polymer gel electrolyte are discussed. The composite electrolytes consist of equimolar amounts of and tetraglyme (G4) to create which is added to a polyelectrolyte matrix. These materials display room-temperature conductivities and posses an electrochemical stability of greater than 5.0 V vs. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Primary potentials in cylindrical electro-osmotic cells

A review of literature reveals that regardless of the configuration of electro-osmotic cells, all previous laboratory investigations and interpretations have been based on the assumption of a constant potential gradient in the specimen. Appropriate solutions for electrical potentials for cylindrical cells are presented in this paper.
Altered hippocampal network excitability in the hypernoradrenergic mutant mousetottering

Abstract A latent, gene-linked alteration of hippocampal network excitability in tg/tg mutant mice was unmasked in vitro by convulsant-activated synchronous neuronal discharges. Exposure to elevated extracellular potassium ions or 4-aminopyridine, but not picrotoxin, revealed an abnormally prolonged network discharge duration in the mutant CA3 pyramidal cell region. In both phenotypes, noradrenaline, and a selective β-noradrenergic receptor agonist, isoproterenol, reversibly accelerated the frequency of the discharges. These findings identify an intrinsic alteration in the excitability of an isolated neuronal network in a model of inherited generalized spike-wave epilepsy, and further implicate noradrenergic mechanisms in the temporal modulation of hippocampal synchronization and epileptogenesis.
The geopolitics/geoeconomics of military base closures in the USA

Abstract Contrary to assertions equating the post-Keynesian state with a militarized economy, the closure of US military facilities in the 1990s reveals a fluid, highly contingent politic dynamic that profoundly affects the landscape of military expenditures. This paper opens with a refutation of interpretations that equate post-Keynesianism with militarism. Next, it examines the geopolitics surrounding closures of military facilities, including Pentagon motivations and the sources of local opposition. Third, it turns to the geoeconomics of base closures: using input-output analysis, it estimates the total impacts by state attributable to the 1988, 1991 and 1993 waves of closures. Finally, it points to the fruits of alternative uses of such sing military conversion.
Genericity of simple eigenvalues for a metric graph

We prove that, for a metric graph different from a polygon, the spectrum of the Laplacian is generically simple.
Use of the Micro-Deval Test for Assessing Fine Aggregate Durability

The Micro-Deval test was evaluated for its suitability in assessing the durability of fine aggregate from Virginia sources. Fine aggregates from 10 sources with known performance histories were tested with the Micro-Deval and several common aggregate quality methods. The Canadian Micro-Deval testing protocol for fine aggregates was followed. The results obtained with the Micro-Deval test showed better precision than those obtained with the conventional aggregate tests. In terms of field performance rating, the Micro-Deval test was able to differentiate between good- and poor-performing aggregates at least 80% of the time and was able to identify differences in quality between similar aggregate types with varying degrees of weathering. The Micro-Deval test is recommended as a quality control tool for fine aggregate assessment to supplement the current measures of aggregate quality. After sufficient data have been gathered and compared with data regarding field performance, it may be possible to replace the...
Lipid mobilization during starvation in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, with attention to fatty acids

Rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, were fed pelleted food ad libitum for 35 and 50 days. Lipid deposits were determined in the viscera, liver and muscle (epaxial and hypaxial). Most of the lipid accumulated in the viscera, but the lipid content of liver and epaxial muscle also increased. Hypaxial muscle lipid content remained the same throughout the feeding period. Upon starving the fish for 27 and 48 days following 50 days of feeding, visceral lipid contributed most to energy metabolism among the depots investigated. Muscle also contributed a considerable share while the absolute amount derived from the liver was much smaller. Patterns of fatty acid mobilization during starvation were also investigated. Saturated acids were preferentially mobilized from the viscera, resulting in a rise in the percentage of monoenes and polyunsaturates. In liver, the percentage of saturates remained relatively constant whereas the percentage of monoenes declined and polyunsaturates increased. In muscle, a substantial increase in saturates was caused by a decline in monoenes; polyunsaturate content remained constant. As a result of these shifts in relative fatty acid composition the U/S (unsaturates to saturates) ratio rose in viscera and liver and decreased in muscle. The UI (unsaturation index) responded in essentially the same way. Possible explanations for preferential fatty acid utilization are discussed in terms of energetics and structural relationships.
Socially translucent systems: social proxies, persistent conversation, and the design of “babble”

We take as our premise that it is possible and desirable to design systems that support social processes. We describe Loops, a project which takes this approach to supporting computer-mediated communication (CMC) through structural and intemctive properties such as persistence and a minimalist graphical representation of users and their activities that we call a social proxy. We discuss a prototype called Babble that has been used by our group for over a year, and has been deployed to six other groups at the Watson labs for about two months. We describe usage experiences, lessons learned, and next steps.
Iteration and Fragmentation

That our mental lives are not transparent to us is one of the few Freudian doctrines that has been robustly confirmed by subsequent psychological research. Nevertheless, much work in the philosophy of language, as well as formal work in economics and computer science, assumes various “iteration principles” that can seem to conflict with this psychological truism. By “iteration principles” I have in mind principles like the following:
Molecular systematics of Serrasalmidae: Deciphering the identities of piranha species and unraveling their evolutionary histories

Piranhas and their relatives have proven to be a challenging group from a systematic perspective, with difficulties in identification of species, linking of juveniles to adults, diagnosis of genera, and recognition of higher-level clades. In this study we add new molecular data consisting of three mitochondrial regions for museum vouchered and photo-documented representatives of the Serrasalmidae. These are combined with existing serrasalmid sequences in GenBank to address species and higher-level questions within the piranhas using parsimony and Bayesian methods. We found robust support for the monophyly of Serrasalmus manueli, but not for Serrasalmus gouldingi when GenBank specimens identified as S. gouldingi were included in the analysis. “Serrasalmus gouldingi” sequences in GenBank may, however, be misidentified. Linking of juveniles to adults of the same species was greatly facilitated by the addition of sequence data. Based on our sampling and identifications, our data robustly reject the monophyly of the genera Serrasalmus and Pristobrycon. We found evidence for a well-supported clade comprised of Serrasalmus, Pygocentrus, and Pristobrycon (in part). This clade was robustly supported in separate and combined analyses of gene regions, and was also supported by a unique molecular character, the loss of a tandem repeat in the control region. Analysis of specimens and a literature review suggest this clade is also characterized by the presence of a pre-anal spine and ectopterygoid teeth. A persistent polytomy at the base of this clade was dated using an independent calibration as 1.8 million years old, corresponding to the beginning of the Pleistocene Epoch, and suggesting an origin for this clade more recent than dates cited in the recent literature. The sister group to this clade is also robustly supported, and consists of Catoprion, Pygopristis, and Pristobrycon striolatus. If the term piranha is to refer to a monophyletic clade, it should be restricted to Serrasalmus, Pygocentrus, and Pristobrycon (in part), or expanded to include these taxa plus Pygopristis, Catoprion, and Pristobrycon striolatus.
The Consulting Psychiatrist and the Polydipsia-Hyponatremia Syndrome in Schizophrenia:

Objective:The authors seek to extend understanding and treatment of hospitalized schizophrenics presenting with complications of polydipsia and dilutional hyponatremia. Attending physicians may ask the consultation/liaison psychiatrist to see schizophrenics with hyponatremically-induced delirium or other psychiatric syndromes. The referring physician may or may not have identified polydipsia and dilutional hyponatremia and their complications. This article will help the consultation/liaison psychiatrist recognize early evidence of water imbalance, describe evaluation, and provide somatic and behavioral treatment approaches to this life-threatening syndrome.Method:Over the past ten years, the authors have treated more than 100 patients with the polydipsia-hyponatremia syndrome. The authors discuss their and others' experience with drugs that help and hinder patients suffering from dilutional hyponatremia. They review current key articles from the polydipsia-hyponatremia syndrome literature including articl...
The multilinear compound Gaussian distribution

We introduce a novel generalization of the compound Gaussian (CG) (or Gaussian Scale Mixture [1]) distribution which extends the Gaussian component of the CG model to a multilinear distribution. The resulting model, which we call the Multilinear Compound Gaussian (MCG) distribution, subsumes both GSM [1] and the previously developed MICA [3–4] distributions as complementary special cases; thereby allowing us to model a richer class of stochastic phenomena. First we derive the structural characterization of the MCG distribution and develop some of its important theoretical properties. Thereafter we describe a parameter estimation algorithm for learning this model from sample data, and then deploy this for modeling textures, including natural (i.e. optical) and SAR images. Our simulation results demonstrate how, for each case, we obtain improved performance over the CG model; thus indicating the versatility of the MCG model in accurately modeling various natural phenomena of interest.
Scientific visualization: practices and promises

Scientific visualization is one of the most influential forces in the way computers are used in research. The components, users and benefits of scientific visualization systems are described.
Viability analysis of endangered Gulf Coast beach mice (Peromyscus polionotus) populations

Beach mice, endangered subspecies of oldfield mice (Peromyscus polionotus), occur in a few, isolated populations along the Gulf Coast of Alabama and Florida, USA. To provide information needed for the management of these species, we conducted population viability analyses (PVA) using a stochastic differential equation (Wiener-drift) model applied to long-term demographic data for four populations of beach mice. In the absence of catastrophic events, the probability that the mouse populations would decline to one mouse ranged from 0.002 for the population of Alabama beach mice (P. p. ammobates) at the Perdue unit of Bon Secour National Wildlife Refuge (BSPU) to 1.00 for the Perdido Key beach mouse (P. p. trissyllepsis) population at Gulf Island National Seashore (GINS). Modal time to extinction for those sample paths reaching extinction ranged from 5 years for the Fort Morgan population of Alabama beach mice to 21 years for the GINS population of Perdido Key beach mice. When the BSPU data set was extended to include data collected following Hurricane Opal, the probability of extinction increased to 0.479. If catastrophic events, which are frequent in the Gulf Coast habitats, are considered, virtually all populations of beach mice appear in substantial danger of extinction unless current levels of habitat fragmentation are reversed. In addition, ongoing development continues to reduce or fragment the habitat exacerbating the already precarious existence of these mice. It is our conclusion that the results obtained from the PVA analyses provide independent evidence that further loss of beach mouse habitat (including the scrub dune component) should be avoided, and that populations should be re-established within their historic range wherever feasible.
Reaction series for dioctahedral smectites

Several dioctahedral clay minerals are related through reaction series. These series can be produced hydro-thermally from beidellite gel and montmorillonite by making simple changes in interlayer and solution chemistry. The series are: gel-K-beidellite-random illite/smectite-K-rectorite-illite K-montmorillonite-K-rectorite-illite Na-montmorillonite or beidellite-Na-rectorite-paragonite Li-montmorillonite-Li-tosudite-Li-rectorite-cookeite(?) Mg-montmorillonite-Mg-rectorite-tosudite-sudoite(?) Ca-montmorillonite-Ca-rectorite-margarite(?) Al-Ca-montmorillonite-kaolinite/smectite-kaolinite (150°C) Al-Ca-montmorillonite-pyrophyllite/smectite-pyrophyllite (320°C).
Laparoscopic management of benign adnexal mass in obese women.

Abstract Study objective To compare complications and rate of conversion to laparotomy between normal-weight, preobese, and obese women who underwent laparoscopic management of benign adnexal mass. Design Retrospective chart review (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). Setting Tertiary care teaching hospital. Patients One hundred seventy women who underwent laparoscopic surgery because of benign adnexal mass were placed in three groups on the basis of their body mass index (BMI) using the World Health Organization’s classification (normal-weight [BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m 2 ], preobese [BMI 25–29.9 kg/m 2 ], and obese [BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ]). Intervention Retrospective comparison of conversions from laparoscopy to laparotomy, operative time, estimated blood loss, complications, history of pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, and length of hospital stay was carried out among the different groups. Measurements and main results Overall, 170 laparoscopic cases were evaluated (64 with normal-weight, 67 preobese, and 39 obese women). The rate of conversion to laparotomy was significantly higher in the obese and preobese groups compared with the normal-weight women (17.9%, 17.9% vs 1.5%, p Conclusion Obese and preobese women undergoing laparoscopic management of benign adnexal mass were found to be at an increased risk for conversion to laparotomy, longer surgery and longer hospital stay. Obese and preobese women should be counseled extensively on morbidity associated with laparoscopy.
On the Road to Normal: Negotiating Agency and State Sovereignty in Postsocialist Serbia

ABSTRACT I examine how perceptions of state crisis and moral decay in Serbia (after the breakup of Yugoslavia) impact people's belief that they are no longer normal agents capable of effective action. More specifically, I argue that a shift in Serbia's geopolitical position and changing dynamics at international borders reveal the intimate links between people's self-conception as moral, agentive subjects and the conditions that structure state power. Discourses of normalcy are about the loss (and possible restoration) of a historically specific form of citizen agency that emerged in relationship to a functioning, sovereign, and internationally respected socialist Yugoslav state. I focus on young people's intimate experiences and narratives of everyday life and leisure. In exploring the intersection of forms of state sovereignty and the experience of citizen agency, I illuminate how young Serbian citizens experience changing configurations of state power as enabling conditions for their own moral and agentive capacities.
A shape-dependent variability metric for evaluating panel segmentations with a case study on LIDC

The segmentation of medical images is challenging because a ground truth is often not available. Computer-Aided Detection (CAD) systems are dependent on ground truth as a means of comparison; however, in many cases the ground truth is derived from only experts’ opinions. When the experts disagree, it becomes impossible to discern one ground truth. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to measure the disagreement among radiologist’s delineated boundaries. The algorithm accounts for both the overlap and shape of the boundaries in determining the variability of a panel segmentation. After calculating the variability of 3788 thoracic computed tomography (CT) slices in the Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC), we found that the radiologists have a high consensus in a majority of lung nodule segmentations. However, our algorithm identified a number of segmentations that the radiologists significantly disagreed on. Our proposed method of measuring disagreement can assist others in determining the reliability of panel segmentations. We also demonstrate that it is superior to simply using overlap, which is currently one of the most common ways of measuring segmentation agreement. The variability metric presented has applications to panel segmentations, and also has potential uses in CAD systems.
Designing and implementing a regional urban modeling system using the SLEUTH cellular urban model

This paper presents a fine-scale (30 meter resolution) regional land cover modeling system, based on the SLEUTH cellular automata model, that was developed for a 257000 km 2 area comprising the Chesapeake Bay drainage basin in the eastern United States. As part of this effort, we developed a new version of the SLEUTH model (SLEUTH-3r), which introduces new functionality and fit metrics that substantially increase the performance and applicability of the model. In addition, we developed methods that expand the capability of SLEUTH to incorporate economic, cultural and policy information, opening up new avenues for the integration of SLEUTH with other land-change models. SLEUTH-3r is also more computationally efficient (by a factor of 5) and uses less memory (reduced 65%) than the original software. With the new version of SLEUTH, we were able to achieve high accuracies at both the aggregate level of 15 subregional modeling units and at finer scales. We present forecasts to 2030 of urban development under a current trends scenario across the entire Chesapeake Bay drainage basin, and three alternative scenarios for a sub-region within the Chesapeake Bay watershed to illustrate the new ability of SLEUTH-3r to generate forecasts across a broad range of conditions.
Electron temperature fluctuations during sawtooth events in a reversed-field pinch

Electron temperature fluctuations are correlated with the dominant (m, n) = (0, 1) edge-resonant magnetic tearing mode during sawtooth events in the Madison Symmetric Torus reversed-field pinch. Electron temperature fluctuations in phase with the (0, 1) tearing mode are measured using high-repetition-rate Thomson scattering. Immediately prior to the sawtooth the (0, 1) island structure appears to be heat-confining, while during the sawtooth it assumes an isothermal character. Core electron temperature variation is also phase correlated with the (0, 1) mode, suggesting that the edge-resonant tearing mode has an effect on core electron thermal confinement during sawtooth events.
Associations with home hemodialysis modality failure and mortality.

Background: Limited data exist on risk factors for home hemodialysis (HH) failure and mortality. We sought to determine whether age, helper status, or ethnicity was associated with home dialysis failure or mortality. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all prevalent and incident patients from a regional dialysis unit who initiated HH training from December 2000 to September 2002. Baseline demographics, program entry and exit dates, and mortality were ascertained. Characteristics of those more likely to remain in the program were assessed using logistic regression; survival was determined using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Of the 1117 patients enrolled for dialysis, 116 patients were trained in the HH program (6.8%). Of those, 45.7% remained in the program, 10.3% received a transplant, 10.3% returned to in-center dialysis, 1.7% were lost to follow-up, and 31.7% expired. Compared to patients who returned to center or received a transplant, patients who remained on HH were more likely to be older, to have been on dialysis longer, and to have diabetes as their primary renal disease. Ethnicity, sex, or type of helper did not affect home program status. Among those who remained in the HH program, those with hypertension or other renal diseases had better survival than those with diabetes, as did those who had related helpers compared to those with unrelated helpers. Conclusions: Older and younger ages, but not ethnicity, helper status, or sex, were associated with home dialysis failure. Diabetes remained an independent risk factor for increased mortality. HH remains a viable option for many patients.
Structure–property–processing relationships of single-wall carbon nanotube thin film piezoresistive sensors

Abstract In an investigation of structure–property–processing relationships for SWCNT thin film piezoresistive sensors, the gauge factor of the sensors for a small tensile deformation (less than 2% strain) was found to be close to unity and showed negligible dependence on the film thickness and SWCNT bundle length ( L ) and diameter ( d ). However, for a large tensile deformation (20–30% strain), the film thickness and the microstructure of SWCNTs had a compounding effect on the piezoresistive behavior. A gauge factor of ∼5 was obtained for the sensors fabricated with SWCNT bundles of short length and thin diameter ( L = 549 nm and d = 3.7 nm) with thicker films. Furthermore, the gauge factor of the sensors was found inversely proportional to the excluded volume V ex of SWCNT bundles ( V ex ∝ 1/ L 2 d ).
Evaluating wild Turkey movement ecology: An example using first‐passage time analysis

Recent advances in animal tracking technology have increased interest in the field of animal movement ecology. Numerous methods have been developed to extract information from animal movement paths that can be used to link movement behavior to external stimuli such as habitat and climatic conditions. Given the recent development of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology suitable for use on wild turkeys (Meleagris gallapavo), we advocate the adoption of new methodologies to design novel research on wild turkey ecology. Here we provide a worked example using first-passage time on male Rio Grande wild turkeys (M. g. intermedia) tracked via GPS in South Texas, USA, during April 2009 to illustrate one methodological option on which research can be based. From our example, we infer behavioral decisions in response to habitat variables that varied during the diurnal cycle; turkeys were more likely to exhibit localized movements during midday in open areas near food and water resources. We contend that by taking advantage of GPS technology and focusing research questions on movement behavior, wild turkey research can progress toward answering mechanistic questions regarding turkey habitat use. This shift in research focus will provide much-needed information to managers that is currently lacking at both local and regional scales. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Hydrology and ecology meet—and the meeting is good

As a ‘hybrid’ scientist (I call myself an ‘ecophysiologist’) as well as an ‘eco’ partner in collaborative research with hydrologists, I’ve watched the growth and development of the new hybrid field, ecohydrology, with great interest. I’ve asked colleagues if they’ve heard of this new paradigm. Hydrologists typically respond enthusiastically by naming people who are helping to define the field, and they identify high-profile, international programs and recent conferences and special issues of journals devoted to ecohydrology. Ecologists, at least in my informal sample, are less likely to be aware of ecohydrology as an emerging discipline, but many will add something like, ‘but I suppose you could say that’s what I’ve been doing for most of my career’. Of course, this isn’t surprising, because the ecohydrology paradigm is emerging from the discipline of hydrology. But if ecohydrology is the science that studies the mutual interaction between the hydrological cycle and ecosystems (Porporato and Rodriguez-Iturbe, 2002), perhaps it is time for ecologists to participate more actively in discussions that seek to define opportunities for this emerging field. To that end, a group of ecologists, hydrologists and atmospheric scientists at Oregon State University organized a 10 week seminar series, ‘Perspectives on Ecohydrology’, during the fall of 2002. One goal of this seminar series was to promote cross-disciplinary communication. A hydrologist discussed her analyses of long-term streamflow measurements, inferring change in transpiration by vegetation in different places or at different times from the streamflow patterns; another shared studies of flowpaths and residence times of water in catchments, leading to discussions of how vegetation influences, and is influenced by, those flowpaths. An ecologist shared studies demonstrating a profound influence of small variations in elevation on species composition of plant communities due to differences in depth of the water table. She and another ecologist shared their recent data demonstrating significant vertical and lateral ‘hydraulic redistribution’: mass flow of water from moist to dry soil regions through living roots. Other participants talked about studies relating soil water content and nutrient cycles, about the potential influence of water tables on growth decline and mortality of Alaska yellow cedar, and about the strong influence of airflow patterns in and above the canopy atmosphere on transpiration and transport of water, and hence on soil water availability and plant growth. Along the way we taught one another some of our vocabularies. We learned, for example, that the hydrologists in the Copyright  2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal Variation of Trace-metals in the Mussel Mytilus californianus

Natural seasonal variations of the whole-body concentrations of six trace-metals in Mytilus californianus were determined by sampling fortnightly (‘biweekly’) for one year in a relatively pristine environment. Mussels of similar size were collected from a single mussel-bed, and within a discrete tidal range, in order to reduce variability unrelated to the availability of metals in the environment. The accumulation of iron, aluminium, and manganese, and to a lesser extent lead, was directly related to the input to inshore waters of terrigenous material via storm-generated runoff and bottom resuspension during the winter months. Variations in the accumulation of copper appeared to be related to elevated concentrations of organic Cucomplexing compounds in the water-column both during the winter (e.g. humic acid, introduced via runoff) and during upwelling (e.g. extractable organic material from decomposing phytoplankton). Increased accumulation of cadmium by mussels during the spring was directly proportional to increased surface nutrient concentrations, indicating that Cd is upwelled to inshore waters. Quantities of both Cd and Pb available to mussels during the Upwelling period appeared to be depleted by, and diluted within, the increased phytoplankton biomass present at that time. No relationship was observed between concentrations of any of the trace-metals analyzed and the reproductive condition of M. californianus .
Nonlinear minimum-time feedforward control for output transition with pre- and post-actuation

This article poses and solves the time-optimal output transition problem to change the system output, from an initial value to another for invertible nonlinear systems. The main contribution of the article is to show that the use of pre- and post-actuation input outside the transition interval can reduce the transition time beyond the standard bang-bang-type inputs for optimal state transition. The approach is illustrated with a nonlinear example.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: a review.

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease, of unknown etiology, affecting women almost exclusively. Microscopically, LAM consists of a diffuse proliferation of smooth muscle cells. LAM can occur without evidence of other disease (sporadic LAM) or in conjunction with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). TSC is an autosomal dominant tumor suppressor gene syndrome characterized by seizures, mental retardation, and tumors in the brain, heart, skin, and kidney. LAM commonly presents with progressive breathlessness or with recurrent pneumothorax, chylothorax, or sudden abdominal hemorrhage. Computed tomography (CT) scans show numerous thin-walled cysts throughout the lungs, abdominal angiomyolipomas, and lymphangioleiomyomas. No effective treatment currently exists for this progressive disorder. The prevalence of lymphangioleiomyomatosis is probably underestimated based on its clinical latency and the absence of specific laboratory tests. With the utilization of international LAM data registries the "classical" picture of the disorder appears to be evolving as a larger number of patients are evaluated. An increased awareness of LAM and its common clinical presentation may advance the development of new therapeutic strategies and reduce the number of mistakenly diagnosed patients.
Sinonasal tract angiosarcoma: a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study of 10 cases with a review of the literature.

Background Primary sinonasal tract angiosarcoma are rare tumors that are frequently misclassified, resulting in inappropriate clinical management. There are only a few reported cases in the English literature. Materials and Methods Ten patients with sinonasal tract angiosarcoma were retrospectively retrieved from the Otorhinolaryngic Registry of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Results Six males and four females, aged 13 to 81 years (mean, 46.7 years), presented with epistaxis and bloody discharge. Females were on average younger than their male counterparts (37.8 vs. 52.7 years, respectively). The tumors involved the nasal cavity alone (n = 8) or the maxillary sinus (n = 2), with a mean size of 4.3 cm; the average size was different between the genders: males: 2.8 cm; females: 6.4 cm. Histologically, all tumors had anastomosing vascular channels lined by remarkably atypical endothelial cells protruding into the lumen, neolumen formation, frequent atypical mitotic figures, necrosis, and hemorrhage. All cases tested (n = 6) demonstrated immunoreactivity with antibodies to Factor VIII-RA, CD34, CD31, and smooth muscle actin, while non-reactive with keratin and S-100 protein. The principle differential diagnosis includes granulation tissue, lobular capillary hemangioma (pyogenic granuloma), and Kaposi’s sarcoma. All patients had surgery followed by post-operative radiation (n = 4 patients). Follow-up was available in all patients: Six patients died with disease (mean, 28.8 months); two patients had died without evidence of disease (mean, 267 months); and two are alive with no evidence of disease at last follow-up (mean, 254 months). Conclusions Sinonasal tract angiosarcoma is a rare tumor, frequently presenting in middle-aged patients as a large mass usually involving the nasal cavity with characteristic histomorphologic and immunophenotypic features. Sinonasal tract angiosarcoma will often have a poor prognosis making appropriate separation from other conditions important.
Unsteady Potential Aerodynamics of Rotors with Applications to Horizontal- Axis Windmills

* /• The problem of a horizontal-axis windmill in incompressibl e, potential flow is considered. The problem is formulated in a frame of reference rigidly connected with the rotor. Two different integral equations (for finitethickness and zero-thickness blades) are presented. The finite-thickness integral equation relates the values of the potential on the surface of the windmill to the values of the normal derivative, which are known from the boundary conditions. The wake is treated as a doublet layer of prescribed helicoidal geometry. In order to solve the integral equation, the windmill surface is divided into small quadrilateral surface elements. Each element is approximated by a portion of a hyperboloidal paraboloid passing through the corners of the actual surface element. The values of the potential and its normal derivative within each element are assumed to be constant and equal to the values at the centroid of the element. This yields a set of linear algebraic equations in the unknown values of the potential. The zero-thickness integral equation is treated in a similar way. Numerical results for potential and power coefficient for finite-thickness and zero-thickness horizontal-axis windmills in steady and unsteady incompressible, potential flows are presented. Comparison with experiment is presented for helicopter rotors in hover.
Implications of SFAS 133 Implementation

This paper examines the consequences of FASB Statement No. 133 for extensive users of derivatives. Specifically, it examines: (1) The consequences of the new hedge- effectiveness criteria and altered reporting requirements as it relates to the earnings and cash flow volatility. (2) The effects of the regulation on analysts’ earnings forecast quality; (3) Market’s response to new information on hedge-effectiveness of firm’s derivatives portfolios, provided as a consequence of this regulation. Results are consistent with increase in earnings volatility of substantial derivative-users. Evidence is weaker for a similar break in cashflow volatility series. It is found that analyst forecasts error did not increase significantly for derivative-users and market incorporated the new information on hedge (in)effectiveness of firm’s derivative portfolios in earnings expectations.
Hybrid Systems and Quantum Automata: Preliminary Announcement

Let H denote an algebra of input symbols or events. If X is the state space for a system, then one can form the space R of observations of X. Under suitable conditions, both X and R are H-modules. Loosely speaking, the formal systems studied in this paper consists of a bialgebra H describing the input symbols and two H-modules describing the states and observations of the system. Finite automata and input-output systems are concerned with commutative R, while quantum systems, such as quantum automata, are concerned with non-commutative R arising from Hermitian operators on the state space. Of special interest are those systems consisting of interacting networks of classical systems and automata. These types of systems have become known as hybrid systems and are examples of formal systems with commutative R. In this paper, we present a number of examples of hybrid systems and quantum automata and point out some relationships between them. This is a preliminary announcement: a detailed exposition, including proofs, will appear elsewhere.