cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting personal protective equipment use, trauma symptoms, and physical symptoms in the USA during the early weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown (April 9 - 18, 2020).

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic created a complex psychological environment for Americans. In this study, 450 MTurk workers completed measures of sociodemographic characteristics, perceived risk for COVID-19, general perceived vulnerability to disease, intolerance of uncertainty, and psychological flexibility. These variables were used to predict COVID-19 preventive health behaviors (PPE use), psychological distress, and physical symptoms. The surveys were completed between April 9, 2020 and April 18, 2020 which is a period that corresponded to the first 2–3 weeks of lockdown for most participants. A demographically diverse sample of participants was recruited. A substantial number of participants reported a reduction employment status and 69% were in self-isolation. Participants reported a high degree of perceived vulnerability to COVID-19. PPE mask wearing was variable: 16% “not at all,” 20% “some of the time,” 42% “a good part of the time,” and 26 “most of the time.” Using clinical cutoff on the post-trauma scale, 70% of the sample would be considered to have symptoms consistent with PTSD. Physical symptom reporting was also high. Intolerance of uncertainty and psychological inflexibility were significant predictors of psychological distress and physical symptoms. Psychological flexibility moderated the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and psychological distress/physical symptoms. The relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and psychological distress/physical symptoms was stronger among participants with lower levels of psychological flexibility. These findings indicate psychological flexibility can reduce distress associated with COVID-19. Additionally, these results support the workability of the Unified Flexibility and Mindfulness Model as a framework for studying health behavior.
Duration of Viral Nucleic Acid Shedding and Early Reinfection with the Severe Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Health Care Workers and First Responders.

We estimated the distributions of duration of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid shedding and time to reinfection among 137 persons with at least two positive nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) results from March to September 2020. We analyzed gaps of varying length between subsequent positive and negative NAAT results and estimated a mean duration of nucleic acid shedding of 30.1 (95% CI 26.3, 34.5) days. The mean time to reinfection was 89.1 (95% CI 75.3, 103.5) days. Together, these indicate that a 90-day period between positive NAAT results can reliably define reinfection in immunocompetent persons although reinfection can occur at shorter intervals.
A Study of the Reliability of the Harvard Step Test

(1969). A Study of the Reliability of the Harvard Step Test. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 423-423.
Creating Digital Cultural Heritage Collections in an Urban Academic Library Setting

As libraries develop digital cultural heritage collections the relationship with the organizations that own the collection are vital to the success of the process. This is ground that libraries have typically not operated. Organizations external to libraries that own collections have many needs beyond the simple digitization process. IUPUI University Library is an urban academic library that has worked on developing relationships with external organizations for almost ten years. During this time there have been many hurdles and lessons learned. This paper highlights some of the trends in relationship building with community organizations and offers two unique case studies that demonstrate the challenges libraries are likely to face. Other academic, research, and public libraries can benefit from developing relationships similar to those described and enhance the creation of cultural heritage collections.
High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of drugs in biological fluids : IV. Determination of clofibrinic acid

Abstract A rapid, sensitive and specific high-pressure liquid chromatographic method is described for the quantitative analysis of clofibrinic acid in plasma, saliva and urine. In contrast to previously reported gas-liquid chromatographic methods, which require derivatization of clofibrinic acid before chromatography, the present method involves a simple two-step extraction procedure and chromatographic determination of the underivatized clofibrinic acid. Concentrations between 1.0 and 25.0 μg per sample can be measured with a coefficient of variation from 1 to 6%.
A Policy Maker’s Guide to Designing Payments for Ecosystem Services

Over the past five years, there has been increasing interest around the globe in payment schemes for the provision of ecosystem services, such as water purification, carbon sequestration, flood control, etc. Written for an Asian Development Bank project in China, this report provides a user-friendly guide to designing payments for the provision of ecosystem services. Part I explains the different types of ecosystem services, different ways of assessing their value, and why they are traditionally under-protected by law and policy. This is followed by an analysis of when payments for services are a preferable approach to other policy instruments. Part II explains the design issues underlying payments for services. These include identification of the service as well as potential buyers and sellers, the level of service needed, payment timing, payment type, and risk allocation. Part II contains a detailed analysis of the different types of payment mechanisms, ranging from general subsidy and certification to mitigation and offset payments. Part III explores the challenges to designing a payment scheme. These include the ability to monitor service provision, secure property rights, perverse incentives, supporting institutions, and poverty alleviation.
Moment Closure for Thermal Convection: A Viable Approach?

We examine here the usefulness of two-point moment closures as a potential tool in computing turbulent convection, considering the eventual application to stellar convection. Confining our attention to the Boussinesq limit, we first present a formal discussion of how such procedures are constructed, and then discuss—briefly—how the complex two-point formalism may be used as the basis for much simpler single-point closures of the sort used in engineering applications. Noting that the underlying assumption of the closure is a form of randomness or near Gaussianity, we discuss examples of systems related to convection, and the extent to which this assumption is validated for these systems. We examine three potential problems for such application drawn from numerical simulations and experiments: (1) counter-gradient transport, (2) the apparent failure of numerical simulations to adhere to closure scaling at low Prandtl numbers, and (3) the appearance of large-scale structures in large Prandtl number convection and simple one-dimensional models.
Where Does Social Change Come From

Many discussions, academic and otherwise, implicitly assume that public opinion changes because opinions change. This ignores the possibility that public opinion changes because publics change. In this paper I show how, by modifying existing component-difference methods, the proximate sources of societal change - actual individual change versus change in publics (turnover) - can be separated using repeated survey data. The method is applied to change in gender role attitudes in the United States, using 1972–1988 data from the General Social Surveys. Both components have contributed substantially to the trend away from traditional attitudes. Yet there is an important difference: Population turnover has contributed steadily to the trend, whereas the contribution of individual change has been erratic from survey to survey.
Examining Job Satisfaction among Kentucky Head Principals Using the Rasch Rating Scale Model

Effective principals can impact student learning and other vital outcomes; thus, it is important to retain effective school leaders. This article examines the perceived sources of Kentucky principals’ satisfaction and dissatisfaction with their work and implications for policies and practices to increase principal retention. Survey research methods were used and Kentucky principals’ satisfaction with specified job facets was measured using the Rasch Rating Scale Model (RRSM). Data indicated that head principals sampled in Kentucky were generally dissatisfied with the amount of time spent on tasks that have nothing to do with their primary responsibility of improving student outcomes.
Influence of Criminal Justice Involvement and Psychiatric Diagnoses on Treatment Costs Among Adults With Serious Mental Illness.

The impact of criminal justice involvement and clinical characteristics on the cost of public treatment services for adults with serious mental illnesses is unknown. The authors examined differential effects of justice involvement on behavioral health treatment costs by primary psychiatric diagnosis (schizophrenia or bipolar disorder) and also by substance use diagnosis among 25,133 adult clients of Connecticut’s public behavioral health system in fiscal years 2006 and 2007. Justice-involved adults with schizophrenia had the highest costs, strongly driven by forensic hospitalizations. Addressing the cross-system burdens of forensic hospitalizations may be a sensible starting point in the effort to reduce costs in both the public behavioral health and justice systems.
Falsely increased plasma lactate concentration due to ethylene glycol poisoning in 2 dogs

Objective To describe false increases in plasma lactate concentration measured on point-of-care analyzers in 2 dogs with ethylene glycol (EG) intoxication. Case Summary Two dogs presenting with EG intoxication had extreme increases of plasma lactate concentrations recorded on a point-of-care machine. Laboratory analysis by spectrophotometry of lactate concentration determined these lactate measurements to be erroneous. False increases in plasma lactate concentration were demonstrated in 2 out of 3 point-of-care machines tested. New or Unique Information Provided Glycolate, a toxic metabolite of EG, can interfere with the measurement of plasma lactate by some analyzers and this may delay the correct diagnosis of EG toxicity if not recognized.
A high quality stacked thermal/LPCVD gate oxide for ULSI

A high quality LPCVD SiO/sub 2/ film with interface quality, trapping behavior, and intrinsic dielectric integrity comparable to dry thermal oxide is demonstrated. By stacking thermal and high quality LPCVD SiO/sub 2/ films, gate oxides with very different defect densities are demonstrated. The tradeoffs between quality of each SiO/sub 2/ layer and the ability of one layer to compensate for defects in the other layer are presented. The lowest defect density (much lower than a conventional dry thermal oxide film) is observed in a stacked gate oxide consisting of a 95 AA thermal oxide followed by a 25 AA LPCVD oxide deposition and a short reoxidation. Thicker LPCVD oxide layers increase the defect density of the stacked dielectric compared to this optimal case. These results demonstrate that an optimized thermal/LPCVD oxide stacked dielectric is a promising candidate as the gate oxide of ULSI MOS devices. >
Some Genetic Aspects of Persistency in Dairy Cattle

Summary Three facts have been given which support the belief that persistency of lactation in dairy cattle is an inherited characteristic: 1) the variation in persistency values is much greater among non-related animals than among closely related ones, 2) most animals tend to keep their characteristic lactation curves throughout their productive period, 3) the influence of the sire or dam is easily detected in their progeny. The first lactation usually gives a fair indication of future performance. The persistency values for the second lactation are usually about 10 per cent lower than the first (as measured by the formula P = 4 / 9 X 2 X 1 + 1 / 3 X 3 X 2 + 2 / 9 X 4 X 3 \) and subsequent lactations are very similar to the second. Total production and persistency are closely correlated; however, some variation in production must be allowed before attempting to predict production from persistency values alone. The association of total production and persistency is probably of a curvilinear nature rather than linear. The combining of data from several different breeds for the purpose of studying inherited factors in dairy cattle is usually an unreliable procedure. The variation in persistency, however, seems to be the least affected by combining data from several breeds. It is postulated that a major portion of the variation in persistency is probably the result of the inheritance of factors or genes which govern the development and rate of function of various endocrine glands, and the interaction and interdependence of such glands, or the inherited or acquired ability of various tissues to respond to various glandular secretions. The mode of inheritance is undoubtedly complex.
Portfolios and Personal Development Plans

The ePortfolio—love it or loathe it—is an integral part of the workplace-based assessment, it is now a fact of life for general practice trainees. It is also preparation for the appraisal system for qualified GPs, which is heavily reliant upon portfolios of evidence and the creation of personal development plans (or PDPs). Such reliance is only likely to increase with the proposed new revalidation system, which is currently expected to be introduced in 2010–11. Given this context, it is wise for GP trainees to learn how to use these tools to best effect, not only to provide robust evidence of good practice but also to aid personal development. This article aims to describe the way in which PDPs and portfolios can be best employed during your years as a trainee, equipping you with useful skills for a career in general practice. Although the use of tools such as significant event analysis, audit and the consultation observation tool (COT) and case-based discussion, assessments are all important reflective c...
Control of well‐mixed biological reactors subject to variations in feed concentration and flow rate

Several types of controllers on biological reactors were optimised to adjust the biomass recycle flow rate in response to step and sine changes in the feed concentration and feed flow rate. All controllers eliminated the error in the effluent substrate concentration except near the mid-range frequency of 0.5 cycles residence time. Relay controllers gave results comparable with the more sophisticated types and are recommended for plant operation due to their simplicity.
Anharmonic Effects in KTa O 3 : Ferroelectric Mode, Thermal Expansion,and Compressibility

The effects of temperature and pressure on the static dielectric constant and lattice parameter of KTa${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ have been measured. Combined with literature data, the present results allow a determination of the pressure and temperature dependence of the soft-ferroelectric-mode frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{f}$ over a wide temperature range (0-500\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K). The isobaric anharmonic self-energy shift of ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{f}$ is separated into its pure-volume (thermal-strain) and pure-temperature contributions. Though small, the thermal-strain contribution is not negligible, amounting to 7% of the measured frequency at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and 10% at 500\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. It acts to reduce the influence of the pure-temperature anharmonicities. The soft-mode Gr\"uneisen parameter ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{f}$ is very large at low temperatures (460 at 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K) and decreases rapidly with increasing temperature---unique properties of the soft mode. It is estimated that the strictly harmonic frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ of the soft mode is just barely imaginary, and thus all of the stabilization of ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{f}$ at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K (\ensuremath{\ge}21\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}4 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) is provided by zero-point anharmonicities. At high pressure, ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{0}$ becomes real. Interpreted in terms of the perturbation and self-consistent phonon treatments, the high-temperature stabilization of ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{f}$ is dominated by quartic anharmonicities, but the nonlinear high-temperature ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{f}^{2}(T)$ response suggests the importance of higher-order anharmonicities.
HYDROGENATION AND CHARGE STATES OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN DIFFUSE CLOUDS. II. RESULTS

We have modeled the states of hydrogenation and charge of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in diffuse clouds for molecules ranging from benzene up to species containing 200 carbon atoms. It is found that the hydrogenation state of PAHs strongly depends on the size of the molecule. Small PAHs with fewer than about 15-20 carbon atoms are destroyed in most environments. Intermediate-size PAHs in the range of 20-30 carbon atoms are stripped of most of their peripheral hydrogen atoms, but may be able to survive in the interstellar medium because of the relative stability of their carbon skeleton upon UV photon absorption. Larger PAHs primarily have normal hydrogen coverage (i.e., with each peripheral carbon atom bearing a single hydrogen), with competition between this form and PAHs containing an additional hydrogen. Very large PAHs may be fully hydrogenated, with every peripheral carbon atom bearing two hydrogen atoms. Our finding that extremely dehydrogenated PAH neutrals or positively charged CmH, with m ranging from 15 to 30 and n ≤ 2, can survive in the interstellar medium contrasts with previous work, where it was generally assumed that PAHs losing their hydrogen coverage were quickly destroyed. A mechanism is proposed for the selective growth of these small dehydrogenated PAHs in diffuse clouds with respect to larger PAHs. Finally, our results are compared to previous studies on the hydrogenation and charge states of PAHs.
In vivo veritas: the power of in situ manipulation of cells in a living animal. Focus on “Expression of plasmid DNA in the salivary gland epithelium: novel approaches to study dynamic cellular processes in live animals”

ever since I was a graduate student, I remember getting immense pleasure out of seeing a well-controlled, cleanly performed experiment, whether it was mine or not. For those of us interested in how cells function, the use of cell lines and primary cell cultures permits tightly controlled
Digestible amino acids for poultry and swine

Abstract A review and comparison of feedstuff amino acid digestibility values for poultry and swine is presented and the use of amino acid digestibility and availability is discussed. The effect of overprocessing on amino acid digestibility of oilseed meals is also reviewed. In general, true digestible amino acid values determined in cecectomized roosters are 5–10% higher than apparent digestibility values determined in ileal-cannulated pigs. Several studies have shown beneficial responses to formulating diets based digestible amino acid values vs. total amino acid values. However, feedstuff amino acid digestibility values determined via balance assays are often higher than amino acid availability values determined by slope-ratio growth assays. In addition, recent work with pigs suggests that the ileal digestibility assay overestimates the amount of amino acids available or utilizable for protein synthesis. Finally, overprocessing of oilseed meals greatly reduces the amount of digestible or available lysine, whereas other amino acids are usually much less affected. Protein solubility in KOH is a good in vitro assay for detecting decreased protein quality due to overprocessing and the use of Coomassie Blue dye simplifies and reduces the time required to conduct the assay.
Advanced Potentials and their Application to Atomic Models

Generalized emission theory of electromagnetic fields assuming advanced as well as retarded potentials.---In order to reconcile electromagnetic theory with radiationless orbits, Nordstrom suggested the possibility of the fields of electrons being half retarded and half advanced, instead of being wholly retarded as usually assumed. On the emission theory this would mean that each electron is the focus of converging streams of moving elements which pass through it undeflected. Simple one-way series for the simultaneous potentials and intensities due to such a point charge are developed, and it is shown that all damping terms disappear and that the electron is capable of describing a radiationless orbit of the Bohr type, while the mass reaction is the same as for the customary retarded field. The radiation emitted during a full period vanishes, since the converging waves which constitute the advanced portion of the field bring the electron as much energy as it loses by the emission of diverging retarded waves. Nevertheless fluctuations of energy would take place during each period, and the converging and diverging waves should combine to form standing waves. The absence of any evidence for such waves constitutes a serious objection to the theory.
Genesis and Architecture of the GTTM Project

I EXAMINE THE INTELLECTUAL AND MUSIC-THEORETIC origins of A Generative Theory of Tonal Music (Lerdahl & Jackendoff, 1983) and review the crucial steps in theory construction that led to its overall architecture. This leads to a discussion of how shortcomings in GTTM motivated developments in Tonal Pitch Space (Lerdahl, 2001). I conclude with a diagram that encompasses the major components of the expanded GTTM/TPS theory.
Molecular diagnosis of the inherited long-QT syndrome in a woman who died after near-drowning.

Drowning accounts for more accidental deaths in children and adolescents than all other causes except motor vehicle accidents.1–3 Many of these fatalities are attributed to lack of supervision, trauma, alcohol or drug use, or seizures. However, an appreciable number of drownings have no satisfactory explanation. In these situations, cardiac arrhythmias, particularly those associated with the long-QT syndrome, may be an important consideration. The long-QT syndrome comprises a group of genetically distinct arrhythmogenic cardiovascular disorders, each resulting from a mutation in one of five genes encoding cardiac ion channels or auxiliary ion-channel subunits: KVLQT1 (at the LQT1 locus), HERG (at . . .
Lightlike Quark Model and Current Densities

We formulate a field theory of quarks, with quark states being defined on space-time surfaces with lightlike normals. The general structure of the field theory is discussed. We find that single-particle observables, and current densities in particular, have approximately a free-field structure if the ground state is strongly degenerate. The structure functions of the nucleon in inelastic electron scattering exhibit a partonlike structure in any reference frame.
TH‐C‐214‐01: Use of Functional and Molecular Imaging for Treatment Planning

The next significant advance in cancer therapy will occur with the paradigm shift from a population‐based to a personalized patient‐based dose prescription. The most feasible way to assess biological information necessary to migrate to personalized prescription is to utilize in vivo functional and molecular imaging. In radiation therapy this paradigm shift will not lead only to adjustment of the total dose prescribed, but also to transition from the current standard of uniform dose prescription to non‐ uniform dose prescription — the process most often termed “dose‐painting”. While current technologies enable delivery of such dose distributions through image‐guidedintensity modulated radiotherapy, several questions remain, such as which biological phenotypes should be preferentially targeted, how well can we characterize them with functional and molecular imaging and how much should we modulate the dose? This symposium will review the current status of functional and molecular imaging for treatment planning, discuss its limitations and provide the clinical background of its potential use and application. Learning objectives: 1. To learn about the potential of functional and molecular imaging in treatment planning 2. To learn about the limitations of PET and MRIimaging for treatment planning 3. To learn about the clinical aspects of functional and molecular imaging in treatment planning
Constraints on word meaning in early language acquisition

Very young children successfully acquire the vocabulary of their native language despite their limited information processing abilities. One partial explanation for children's success at the inductive problem word learning presents is that children are constrained in the kinds of hypotheses they consider as potential meanings of novel words. Three such constraints are discussed: (1) the whole-object assumption which leads children to infer that terms refer to objects as a whole rather than to their parts, substance, color, or other properties; (2) the taxonomic assumption which leads children to extend words to objects or entities of like kind; and (3) the mutual exclusivity assumption which leads children to avoid two labels for the same object. Recent evidence is reviewed suggesting that all three constraints are available to babies by the time of the naming explosion. Given the importance of word learning, children might be expected to recruit whatever sources of information they can to narrow down a word's meaning, including information provided by grammatical form class and the pragmatics of the situation. Word-learning constraints interact with these other sources of information but are also argued to be an especially useful source of information for children who have not yet mastered grammatical form class in that constraints should function as an entering wedge into language acquisition.
Service Provider Considerations for IT Service Management

The IT infrastructure library (ITIL) provides clarity to IT service management and its processes. ICO 20000 further describes the responsibilities of service providers operating in ITIL conformant environment. However, neither one specifically addresses external service providers' challenges that arise in a cost conserving operational model when service provider is supporting multiple customers using shared resources. This paper provides a summary of a required extension to the service provider domain for an IT service management (ITSM) solution with ITIL conformant core.
Shape sensitivity calculations for exterior acoustics problems

The purpose of this paper is to present a method to calculate the derivative of a functional that depends on the shape of an object. This functional depends on the solution of a linear acoustic problem posed in an unbounded domain. We rewrite this problem in terms of another one posed in a bounded domain using the Dirichlet‐to‐Neumann (DtN) map or the modified DtN map. Using a classical method in shape sensitivity analysis, called the adjoint method, we are able to calculate the derivative of the functional using the solution of an auxiliary problem. This method is particularly efficient because the cost of calculating the derivatives is independent of the number of parameters used to approximate the shape of the domain. The resulting variational problems are discretized using the finite‐element method and solved using an efficient Krylov‐subspace iterative scheme. Numerical examples that illustrate the efficacy of our approach are presented.
Aggression in male conocephaline grasshoppers (tettigoniidae)

Abstract Fighting occurs under field and laboratory conditions between conspecific males of the long horn grasshoppers O. gladiator, O. vulgare and C. nigropleurum . Approaches of 90 to 180 cm by Orchelimum males culminated in venter-to-venter grappling. Such fights usually ended in the silent withdrawal of one combatant, while the other initiated steady song from the encounter site. Only singing males were approached. Stridulation appears both to trigger the approach and to serve as a navigational aid during its excution. An area is maintained around dominating males that is free of conspecific signers.
On services research and education

The importance of the services sector can not be overstated; it employs 82.1 percent of the U. S. workforce and 69 percent of graduates from an example technological university. Yet, university research and education have not followed suit. Clearly, services research and education deserve our critical attention and support since services — and services innovation — serve as an indispensable engine for global economic growth. The theme of this paper is that we can and should build services research and education on what has occurred in manufacturing research (especially in regard to customization and intellectual property) and education; indeed, services and manufactured goods become indistinguishable as they are jointly co-produced in real-time. Fortunately, inasmuch as manufacturing concepts, methodologies and technologies have been developed and refined over a long period of time (i.e., since the 1800s), the complementary set of concepts, methodologies and technologies for services are more obvious. However, while new technologies (e.g., the Internet) and globalization trends have served to enable, if not facilitate, services innovation, the same technologies (e.g., the Internet) and 21st Century realities (e.g., terrorism) are making services innovation a far more complex problem and, in fact, may be undermining previous innovations in both services and manufacturing. Finally, there is a need to define a “knowledge-adjusted” GDP metric that can more adequately measure the growing knowledge economy, one driven by intangible ideas and services innovation.
Cell lineage in plant development

Lineage analyses in several plant species demonstrate that meristematic cells proliferate in a predictable manner to form the differentiated tissues of the mature shoot system. These studies also demonstrate, however, that the fates of meristematic cells are not absolutely dependent on their lineage. This variability indicates that interactions between cells must play a role in morphogenesis.
Memory of electroconvulsive shock as a function of intensity and duration

Following multitrial active-avoidance training in a two-way shuttlebox, rats received a single electroconvulsive shock (ECS) of one of three intensities and six durations. Convulsed animals required more trials to relearn the task than they had taken in original learning, suggesting that ECS was an aversive stimulus. This effect first increased and then decreased with increasing ECS intensity. A similar, but weaker (p <.10), inverted U-shaped function was found for ECS duration. The inverted-U function is thought to be an interaction of the aversive stimulus properties and amnesic properties of ECS. The significance of memory of ECS surviving the amnesic properties of ECS is considered.
Sequence analysis of the fiber genomic region of a porcine adenovirus predicts a novel fiber protein

Abstract The complete nucleotide sequence of the putative fiber protein of a porcine adenovirus isolate, NADC-1, was determined. The coding sequence for the fiberprotein was found to be 2112 nucleotides, predicting a 703 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 76,681 Da. The coding sequence is located between 86 and 92.5 map units. A polyadenylation signal was found 44 bases downstream of the stop codon. Northern hybridization analysis identified a band at 2.4 kb, which likely includes the primary transcript plus a tripartite leader (typically found with adenovirus transcripts) and a polyA(+) tail. The predicted NADC-1 fiber proteins was found to have a tail domain comparable in size and sequence to most adenovirus fiber proteins, a comparatively short shaft region, and a head region that was more than twice aslarge as that of other adenovirus fiber proteins. Each of the three structural domains (tail, shaft, and head) of the predicted NADC-1 fiber protein was found to be most similar to the corresponding domain of a different mammalian adenovirus. The NADC-1 fiber head contained an RGD sequence, a motif that is found in the penton protein of other adenoviruses. Furthermore, the predicted amino acid sequence of the C-terminal half of the NADC-1 fiber head has significant homology to S-lectin proteins, a characteristic not shared with other adenovirus fiber proteins. Thus the predicted amino acid sequence of the NADC-1 fiber head is unique among adenoviruses for which the sequence of the fiber protein is known.
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LEGAL INTEGRATION IN LATIN AMERICA

This article presents a legal and economic analysis of Latin American integration and concludes that legal integration can be explained by the degree of overlap found in the economic structures of the countries in a trade agreement. More specifically, it argues that larger proportions of bilateral intrasectoral trade stimulate the private sector's demand to harmonize trade-related laws. It also demonstrates that countries with emerging high-growth sectors will tend to harmonize their laws with those of countries experiencing the same changes in their economic structure, whereas traditional agrarian economies do not have an incentive to enter harmonization agreements that benefit high-growth sectors. In this respect, countries with similar complexity in their legal systems will seek to harmonize their laws.
Are PSA adjustments necessary for prostate cancer screening in men taking finasteride for hair loss

Are PSA adjustments necessary for prostate cancer screening in men taking finasteride for hair loss?
Computer simulation of transverse string vibrations

A new approach to the study of linear and nonlinear string vibrations is developed by means of discrete simulation. Computer examples using different laws of tension are described and compared. The method is exceptionally fast and allows for a wide range of parameter choices.
Planetary science: A chronometer for Earth's age

Simulations of Earth's growth show a correlation between the timing of the Moon's formation and the amount of mass that Earth accreted afterwards. This relationship provides a way of measuring the age of our planet. See Letter p.84 The age of the Moon has been a focus for geochemists for at least the past three decades. A number of chronometers have been used to address the question but the results differ from method to method, in part because of the varying assumptions required in the calculation of the so-called model ages. Seth Jacobson et al. have used an alternative approach. They run a large number of numerical simulations, some based on early Moon-forming events, others later events. They then arrive at a model-independent correlation between the formation age of the Moon and the amount of mass accreted by the Earth since then, the so-called Late Veneer. The concentration of highly-siderophile (iron-loving) elements observed in the Earth's mantle provides a constraint on the timing and rules out an early Moon-forming event. Instead, the authors calculate that the Moon-forming impact must have occurred at least 40 million years after formation of the Solar System.
Urinary tract glycoprotein: distribution and antigenic specificity

It has previously been demonstrated that the urinary tract contains a unique glycoprotein (GP1) that appears to serve a function in the clearance of pathogenic bacteria. We prepared a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to human GP1 and examined its antigenic specificity and distribution in the human urinary tract. This was also observed in relation to another glycoprotein associated with infection, Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), as well as to URO-5, a protein used in identifying the lower urinary tract. In enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assays (ELISA), all of the GP1 mAbs reacted with GP1 prepared from both human urine and rabbit bladder mucosa. No immunoreactivity was observed with either THP mAbs or URO-5 mAbs. Western-blot analyses using GP1 mAbs with human urine GP1 preparations detected a single band of approximately 50–52 kDa. Human urinary tract tissues were also examined by immunohistochemical techniques using the GP1 mAbs, commercial THP, and URO-5 mAbs. In paraffin-embedded bladder sections, only GP1 mAbs reacted with the urothelium. Selective staining of distal collecting tubules, renal pelvis, and ureters was demonstrated for GP1 mAbs. Proximal convoluted tubules, loops of Henle, and Bowman's capsule failed to stain for GP1. In the same tissues, THP mAbs reacted with the thick and thin segments of medullary loops of nephrons (Henle's loops). URO-5 mAbs stained fresh frozen sections of bladder urothelium, distal collecting tubules, and portions of Henle's loops; however, they failed to stain paraffin-embedded tissue sections. These GP1 mAbs provide a new tool for biochemical and histochemical investigations of the mucin layer in both healthy and diseased urinary tract tissue.
The Hidden Curriculum and the Nature of Conflict.

There has been, so far, little examination of how the treatment of conflict in the school curriculum can lead to political quiescence and the acceptance by students of a perspective on social and intellectual conflict that acts to maintain the existing distribution of power and rationality in a society. This paper examines two areas—social studies and science—to indicate how an unrealistic and basically consensus-oriented perspective is taught through a “hidden curriculum” in schools. The argument centers around the fundamental place that forms of conflict have had in science and the social world and on the necessity of such conflict. The paper suggests that a greater emphasis in the school curriculum upon the ideal norms of science, e.g., organized skepticism, and on the uses of conflict could counterbalance the tacit assumptions being taught.
Experimental method for determining the 2-dimensional mechanical properties of living human skin.

An experimental method for obtaining the 2-dimensional skin tension/extension-ratio characteristics of living human skin is described. This method incorporates a strain-gauged pretension device used to determine the naturally existing tension and deformation fields in a specific skin area and a suction-cup system that applies a homogeneous, plane strain field to the skin at controlled straining rates. A series of experiments conducted to validate the use of the method for obtaining quantitative measures of the mechanical behaviour of skinin vivo is also presented. This method is being used to investigate the variation of mechanical properties with such factors as age, sex, hormonal change, ultraviolet radiation and various disease states.
Sustained Delivery of Nitric Oxide from Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels Enhances Endothelialization in a Rat Carotid Balloon Injury Model

The continuing high incidence of vascular disease is leading to a greater need for interventional therapies and vascular prostheses. Nitric oxide (NO), which has been heavily investigated in recent years as an important biological mediator, is presented in this work as a sustained localized therapeutic for vascular disorders, specifically in the prevention of restenosis. NO-releasing PEG hydrogels were applied to the outer surfaces of carotid arteries following balloon denudation in a rat animal model. NO was allowed to diffuse into the vessel, and intimal thickening, as assessed after 2 and 28 days, was almost fully eliminated, showing an approximate 90% decrease. Meanwhile, endothelial cell migration and proliferation into the damaged vessel sections were observed. These results signify that these materials are suitable to prevent intimal hyperplasia and induce endothelialization in vivo, making these NO-releasing hydrogels an ideal candidate for incorporation into blood-contacting devices for the prevention of restenosis.
The Relationship of Reported HIV Risk and History of HIV Testing among Emergency Department Patients

AbstractObjective: Among a random sample of emergency department (ED) patients, we sought to determine the extent to which reported risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is related to ever having been tested for HIV. Methods: A random sample of patients (aged 18–64 years) from an adult, urban, northeastern United States, academic ED were surveyed about their history of ever having been tested for HIV and their reported HIV risk behaviors. A reported HIV risk score was calculated from the survey responses and divided into 4 levels, based on quartiles of the risk scores. Pearson's X2 testing was used to compare HIV testing history and level of reported HIV risk. Logistic regression models were created to investigate the association between level of reported HIV risk and the outcome of ever having been tested for HIV. Results: Of the 557 participants, 62.1% were female. A larger proportion of females than males (71.4% vs 60.6%; P < 0.01) reported they had been tested for HIV. Among the 211 males, 11.4%...
Rates of pathological gambling in publicly funded outpatient substance abuse treatment.

Rates of problem or probable pathological gambling were assessed in substance abusers seeking outpatient treatment in a publicly funded outpatient substance abuse treatment program. The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) was administered to 467 consecutive admissions at three different sites. Problem gamblers comprised 6.2 percent of the total (n=29), and 4.5 percent scored as probable pathological gamblers (n=21). These rates are two and one-half times greater than would be expected according to a recent state survey using the SOGS. Implications for assessment and treatment of problem gambling are discussed.
Compiler-based tools for analyzing parallel programs

Abstract In this paper, we present several tools for analyzing parallel programs. The tools are built on top of a compiler infrastructure, which provides advanced capabilities for symbolic program analysis and manipulation. The tools can display characteristics of a program and relate this information to data gathered from instrumented program runs and other performance analysis tools. They also support an interactive compilation scenario, giving the user feedback on how the compilation process performed and how to improve it. We will present case studies demonstrating the tool use. These include the characterization of an industrial application and the study of new compiler techniques and portable parallel languages.
Robustly fault tolerant Gough-Stewart platforms

This paper derives new methods for analytically designing optimal generalized Gough-Stewart micromanipulators so they can meet wrench specifications in a fault tolerant manner. The manipulators are designed to tolerate “free swinging” prismatic actuator faults in which the failed actuator moves freely but cannot exert any force. For these “free swinging” failures, this paper introduces a new, stricter concept of fault tolerance termed “Robust Fault Tolerance” (RFT). This new concept of fault tolerance is stronger than earlier approaches, yet this paper finds a seven parameter class of machines that are RFT. To illustrate the power of this new approach, the algorithm is used to redesign a manipulator currently aboard the International Space Station to make it decoupled and RFT while reducing the actuator size by more than a factor of two.
Twenty years of vegetation change in five long-unburned Florida plant communities

Rates and directions of change over a 20-yr interval in five long-unburned (> 60 yr) plant communities were stud- ied using multivariate analyses and compositional vectors. The study sites were located in fire and summer-drought adapted, xerophytic vegetation with many endemics on acidic, nutrient-poor, sandy soils in south-central peninsular Florida. Sizes of individual stems from 72 sets of nested permanent quadrats were measured in 1969, 1979, and 1989. Patterns of vegetation change differed by community. Flatwood and bayhead quadrats showed rapid increases in densities and basal areas of Persea borbonia (red bay). In the southern ridge sandhill community, evergreen clonal Quercus species (oaks) and Pinus clausa (sand pine) increased in dominance and grasses declined. Oaks (especially Q. geminata) also increased in importance in scrubby flatwoods. Sand pine scrub was relatively stable in composition, but experienced marked structural changes due to substantial sand pine mortal- ity (18 % during 1969-1979, 39 % during 1979-1989). Com- positional changes in the absence of fire were greatest whereas structural changes were least in southern ridge sandhill and scrubby flatwoods, both communities which normally receive frequent, recurrent fire. Compositional changes were lowest in sand pine scrub, which is normally infrequently burned. Classic successional patterns such as species replacement, decreases in density, and increases in basal area were gener- ally lacking. Tree densities increased in two of four communi- ty types (southern ridge sandhill, scrubby flatwoods); while basal area declined in the flatwoods/bayhead and sand pine scrub sites. Directions of compositional vectors included di- vergent, opposing, and complex patterns, suggesting vegeta- tion change in the absence of fire has a strong stochastic component.
Medical Student Ratings of a Mock Interview Program: Preparing for Success in the Match℠

The imbalance resulting from an increasing number of medical school graduates combined with a relatively stable number of residency spots is creating a challenge for U.S. medical students attempting to secure postgraduate residency training. This trend increases the stakes for medical students in their applications to residency training programs and places much higher importance on performing effectively during residency interviews. With little to no formal training in interviewing skills, U.S. medical school graduates may be ill prepared to face challenges presented during both formal and informal residency interviews. In order to better prepare fourth-year medical students at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, faculty mentors constructed and implemented a comprehensive residency interview practice performance initiative entitled “Mock Interviews”. The mentors enlisted available faculty from within the learning communities to conduct these interviews and provide immediate feedback to students in advance of their actual residency interviews. Collected data show that this program has been progressively well received and quite successful in helping students achieve an increased level of perceived preparedness in their residency interviews. Requiring minimal cost and little infrastructure, and utilizing available resources within most medical schools, this program appears to serve as a logical next step in the training of medical students for securing postgraduate residency spots.
Stresses in the human knee joint

Abstract Analytical and experimental techniques for determining contact stresses between the bones of human knee joints (femur and tibia) are developed. The techniques presented allow for rational analysis of stresses that act in diseased or deformed joints and can provide insight into rational design of artificial joints. Analytical contact conditions are developed in terms of displacements, rigid body degrees of freedom, and force equilibrium of the bodies. The problem of contact between the femur and tibia is formulated as a quadratic programming problem. Force-deformation relations for the the two bodies were generated with a general purpose structural analysis program, NASTRAN. A numerical technique based on Wolfe's Algorithm is applied to solve the quadratic programming problem. Analytical results are verified by two-dimensional photoelastic experimentation. A three-dimensional stress-freezing photoelastic technique is employed to determine the contact stresses on the condyles of the femur and tibia, under normal loading. A model was constructed of epoxy resin and photo-elastic techniques were employed to determine the stress field in the model, hence the contact stresses. Results show that about 75% of the projected area of the condyles can be in contact, in the standing position.