cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative effect of phthalazinone units in sulfonated poly(arylene ether ether ketone ketone) copolymers as proton exchange membrane materials

A new series of aromatic poly(arylene ether ether ketone ketone) copolymers containing pendant sulfonic acid groups (SPAEEKK-D) were synthesized from commercially available monomers 1,3-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)-benzene, sodium 6,7-dihydroxy-2-naphthalenesulfonate, and 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-phthalazin-1-one (DHPZ). Structure-property relationships of the phthalazinone SPAEEKK-D series poly(arylene ether ether ketone ketone) copolymer were compared with copolymers SPAEEKK-B and SPAEEKK-H containing different diols such as 4,4'-biphenol and hydroquinone, respectively, prepared in our earlier work. Ion exchange capacity (IEC w , weight-based; IEC v , volume-based), thermal stabilities, swelling, proton and methanol transport properties of the membranes were investigated in relation to their structures and compared with those of perfluorinated ionomer (Nafion 117). The SPAEEKK-D membrane incorporating the phthalazinone monomer DHPZ showed relatively lower water uptake and methanol permeability compared with earlier SPAEEKK-B and SPAEEKK-H membranes incorporating biphenol and hydroquinone monomers, respectively. Inclusion of phthalazinone in the SPAEEKK-D copolymers led to lower water absorption, enabling increased proton exchange concentrations in the hydrated polymer matrix that resulted in more desirable membrane properties for future direct methanol fuel cell applications. The SPAEEKK-D membranes also showed improved mechanical and thermal properties and oxidative stability compared with the earlier SPAEEKK-B and -H membranes.
A simulator study of adverse wear with metal and cement debris contamination in metal-on-metal hip bearings

Objectives Third-body wear is believed to be one trigger for adverse results with metal-on-metal (MOM) bearings. Impingement and subluxation may release metal particles from MOM replacements. We therefore challenged MOM bearings with relevant debris types of cobalt–chrome alloy (CoCr), titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) and polymethylmethacrylate bone cement (PMMA). Methods Cement flakes (PMMA), CoCr and Ti6Al4V particles (size range 5 µm to 400 µm) were run in a MOM wear simulation. Debris allotments (5 mg) were inserted at ten intervals during the five million cycle (5 Mc) test. Results In a clean test phase (0 Mc to 0.8 Mc), lubricants retained their yellow colour. Addition of metal particles at 0.8 Mc turned lubricants black within the first hour of the test and remained so for the duration, while PMMA particles did not change the colour of the lubricant. Rates of wear with PMMA, CoCr and Ti6Al4V debris averaged 0.3 mm 3 /Mc, 4.1 mm 3 /Mc and 6.4 mm 3 /Mc, respectively. Conclusions Metal particles turned simulator lubricants black with rates of wear of MOM bearings an order of magnitude higher than with control PMMA particles. This appeared to model the findings of black, periarticular joint tissues and high CoCr wear in failed MOM replacements. The amount of wear debris produced during a 500 000-cycle interval of gait was 30 to 50 times greater than the weight of triggering particle allotment, indicating that MOM bearings were extremely sensitive to third-body wear. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2015;4:29–37.
Hole transfer from PbS nanocrystal quantum dots to polymers and efficient hybrid solar cells utilizing infrared photons

Abstract Polymer/inorganic-nanocrystals bulk heterojunction solar cells, where inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals such as CdSe, CdS, CdTe, ZnO, TiO 2 , and silicon, replace the fullerene molecules as the electron acceptors, typically exhibit a power conversion efficiency (PCE) below 3% even after tremendous engineering efforts to optimize the nanocrystal size, shape, and nanoscale morphology. One promising feature of polymer hybrid solar cells is the ability to sensitize conjugated polymers, which on their own absorb only in the visible part of solar spectrum, into the infrared spectral range using infrared-active lead salt nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs). Here we observed for the first time hole transfer from PbS NQDs to polymers as evidenced by the quenching of the PbS photoluminescence (PL), a sign of the presence of charge separating type II heterojunction. The type II band-offset at the NQD/polymer heterojunction enables efficient hole extraction from NQDs and leads to a record PCE of 3.80%, realized in a planar junction configuration under simulated air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5G) irradiation of 100 mW/cm 2 . The photocurrent has an extended spectral range spanning from the ultraviolet (UV) to the infrared (IR). Contributions from the polymer and PbS to the photocurrent were identified. Infrared photons (>700 nm) contribute about 30% of the photocurrent and yield a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20% at 1050 nm.
iPlane: an information plane for distributed services

In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of iPlane, a scalable service providing accurate predictions of Internet path performance for emerging overlay services. Unlike the more common black box latency prediction techniques in use today, iPlane adopts a structural approach and predicts end-to-end path performance by composing the performance of measured segments of Internet paths. For the paths we observed, this method allows us to accurately and efficiently predict latency, bandwidth, capacity and loss rates between arbitrary Internet hosts. We demonstrate the feasibility and utility of the iPlane service by applying it to several representative overlay services in use today: content distribution, swarming peer-to-peer filesharing, and voice-over-IP. In each case, using iPlane's predictions leads to improved overlay performance.
Effect of Radiation on Bone

Rats subjected to 600 R total body radiation were studied. Changes in the epiphyseal cartilage were examined from the morphologic and enzymatic aspects, and were correlated with changes in the marrow contents and underlying bone. Changes noted were specific for radiation damage and were not caused by nutritional deficiencies.
Trends in the use of episiotomy in the United States: 1980-1998.

Background: Despite a relative paucity of clinical evidence justifying its routine use, approximately 40 percent of all vaginal deliveries include an episiotomy. The purpose of this study is to examine trends in episiotomy in the United States from 1980 through 1998, a period during which calls increased to abandon routine episiotomy. Methods: Data were obtained from the National Hospital Discharge Survey, which is conducted annually and based on a nationally representative sample of discharges from short-stay non-Federal hospitals. Results: From 1980 through 1998 the episiotomy rate in the United States dropped by 39 percent. Rates decreased for all age and racial groups investigated, in all four geographic regions, and for all sources of payment. Significant differences remained between groups in 1998, including a higher rate for white women than for black women, and a higher rate for women with private insurance than for women with Medicaid or in the self-pay category. The incidence of first- and second-degree lacerations to the perineum increased for women without episiotomies, but the more severe third- and fourth-degree lacerations remained more frequent for women with episiotomies. Women with episiotomies were more likely to have forceps-assisted deliveries or vacuum extractions. Conclusions: Despite dramatic declines in the use of episiotomy during the last two decades, it remains one of the most frequent surgical procedures performed on women in the United States, and it continues to be performed at a higher rate for certain groups of women.
The use of aortic allografts in the primary repair of truncus arteriosus in early infancy and replacement of previous conduits

There has been a resurgence in the use of aortic allografts in the repair of congenital heart lesions. This has been due to the reports of excellent, long-term results of this technique and the advent of both cryopreservation and the effects of increased donor availability secondary to infant transplantation. Such cryopreserved aortic allografts have been used both in the primary repair of truncus arteriosus in the first 6 months of life and replacement of previously placed conduits at our institution. This report describes our experience with such repairs.
Proton Radiation Alters Intrinsic and Synaptic Properties of CA1 Pyramidal Neurons of the Mouse Hippocampus

High-energy protons constitute at least 85% of the fluence of energetic ions in interplanetary space. Although protons are only sparsely ionizing compared to higher atomic mass ions, they nevertheless significantly contribute to the delivered dose received by astronauts that can potentially affect central nervous system function at high fluence, especially during prolonged deep space missions such as to Mars. Here we report on the long-term effects of 1 Gy proton irradiation on electrophysiological properties of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the mouse hippocampus. The hippocampus is a key structure for the formation of long-term episodic memory, for spatial orientation and for information processing in a number of other cognitive tasks. CA1 pyramidal neurons form the last and critical relay point in the trisynaptic circuit of the hippocampal principal neurons through which information is processed before being transferred to other brain areas. Proper functioning of CA1 pyramidal neurons is crucial for hippocam...
Placental TonEBP/NFAT5 Osmolyte Regulation in an Ovine Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction

TonEBP/NFAT5 (the tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein/nuclear factor of activated T cells) modulates cellular response to osmotic changes by accumulating inositol and sorbitol inside the cells. Our objective was to assess placental osmolytes, TonEBP/NFAT5 RNA and protein expression, and signaling molecules across gestation between control and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) ovine pregnancies. Pregnant sheep were placed in hyperthermic conditions to induce IUGR. Placental tissues were collected at 55, 95, and 130 days gestational age (dGA) to measure inositol, sorbitol, TonEBP/NFAT5 (NFAT5), sodium-dependent myo-inositol transporter (SMIT; official symbol SLC5A3), aldose reductase (AR), and NADPH (official symbol DE-CR1). Placental weight was reduced in IUGR compared to controls at 95 and 130 dGA. Osmolyte concentrations were similar between control and IUGR placentas, but both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in inositol concentration and an increase in sorbitol concentration with advancing gestation. Cytosolic NFAT5 protein decreased significantly from 55 to 95 dGA in both groups, and nuclear NFAT5 protein increased only at 130 dGA in the IUGR group, but no differences were seen between groups for either cytosolic or nuclear NFAT5 protein concentrations. DE-CR1 concentrations were similar between groups and increased significantly with advancing gestational age. AR was lowest at 55dGA, and SLC5A3 increased with advancing gestational age. We conclude that both placental osmolytes inositol and sorbitol (and their corresponding proteins SLC5A3 and AR) change with gestational age and are regulated, at least in part, by NFAT5 and DE-CR1 (NADPH). The inverse relationship between each osmolyte across gestation (e.g., inositol higher in early gestation and sorbitol higher in late gestation) may reflect nutritional needs that change across gestation.
Quantitation of Ergosterol Content: Novel Method for Determination of Fluconazole Susceptibility of Candida albicans

MIC end points for the most commonly prescribed azole antifungal drug, fluconazole, can be difficult to determine because its fungistatic nature can lead to excessive “trailing” of growth during susceptibility testing by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth macrodilution and microdilution methods. To overcome this ambiguity, and because fluconazole acts by inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis, we developed a novel method to differentiate fluconazole-susceptible from fluconazole-resistant isolates by quantitating ergosterol production in cells grown in 0, 1, 4, 16, or 64 μg of fluconazole per ml. Ergosterol was isolated from whole yeast cells by saponification, followed by extraction of nonsaponifiable lipids with heptane. Ergosterol was identified by its unique spectrophotometric absorbance profile between 240 and 300 nm. We used this sterol quantitation method (SQM) to test 38 isolates with broth microdilution end points of ≤8 μg/ml (susceptible), 16 to 32 μg/ml (susceptible dose-dependent [SDD]), or ≥64 μg/ml (resistant) and 10 isolates with trailing end points by the broth microdilution method. No significant differences in mean ergosterol content were observed between any of the isolates grown in the absence of fluconazole. However, 18 susceptible isolates showed a mean reduction in ergosterol content of 72% after exposure to 1 μg of fluconazole/ml, an 84% reduction after exposure to 4 μg/ml, and 95 and 100% reductions after exposure to 16 and 64 μg of fluconazole/ml, respectively. Ten SDD isolates showed mean ergosterol reductions of 38, 57, 73, and 99% after exposure to 1, 4, 16, and 64 μg of fluconazole/ml, respectively. In contrast, 10 resistant isolates showed mean reductions in ergosterol content of only 25, 38, 53, and 84% after exposure to the same concentrations of fluconazole. The MIC of fluconazole, by using the SQM, was defined as the lowest concentration of the drug which resulted in 80% or greater inhibition of overall mean ergosterol biosynthesis compared to that in the drug-free control. Of 38 isolates which gave clear end points by the broth microdilution method, the SQM MIC was within 2 dilutions of the broth microdilution MIC for 33 (87%). The SQM also discriminated between resistant and highly resistant isolates and was particularly useful for discerning the fluconazole susceptibilities of 10 additional isolates which gave equivocal end points by the broth microdilution method due to trailing growth. In contrast to the broth microdilution method, the SQM determined trailing isolates to be susceptible rather than resistant, indicating that the SQM may predict clinical outcome more accurately. The SQM may provide a means to enhance current methods of fluconazole susceptibility testing and may provide a better correlation of in vitro with in vivo results, particularly for isolates with trailing end points.
Moral Treatment: How a Caring Practice Lost Its Rationale

The 19th-century practices of moral treatment and phrenology serve as historical examples of a narrowing focus in health care and reveal the manner in which theories can shape practice. The story of moral treatment, as it is told in connection with phrenology, emphasizes the push for success and right solutions. The push followed several shifts in the conceptualization of mental illness, the last of which proved moral therapy unreasonable. If practitioners in this century hope to ensure that the heart of moral treatment will withstand the effects of ever-changing theories, they must hold caring attitudes, words, and actions at the center of their practice.
A novel method to measure the contamination level of insulators-spot contamination measurement

A practical method and test instrument for measuring the pollution severity on outdoor electric insulators were developed. The method is called Spot Contamination Measurement (SCM). The method can be used to assess contamination severity quickly and easily on a wide variety of outdoor insulators without removing them from the line. The method probes only a small area of the insulator surface, so it is useful to get information on the distribution of contamination deposition on the surface. The method takes into account the hydrophobic nature of contamination deposited on silicone rubber insulators.
Ingesting an Onlay

Dr. John F. Nelson offers a case report of a patient who swallowed an onlay and how it was removed in “Ingesting an Onlay.” When a patient attempted to speak during a dental procedure, she swallowed an onlay. After four weeks, it was mechanically removed from her colon.
On Design and Analysis of a Feasible Network-on-Chip (NoC) Architecture

In this paper, we present several enhanced network techniques which are appropriate for VLSI implementation and have reduced complexity, high throughput, and simple routing algorithm even if basic network problems such as deadlock and livelock, are considered. We develop a new packet definition to support different requirements in an MIMD message passing architecture and also verify its efficiency by comparing simulation results with various routing algorithms. Major contributions of this paper are the design of network-on-chip (NoC) architecture adopting a minimal adaptive routing algorithm with competitive performance and feasible design complexity, thus satisfying all the stated design goals. The proposed adaptive routing algorithm and NoC architecture offer nearly optimal performance. This can be shown by comparing with the near-optimal worst-case throughput routing algorithm for 2D-mesh networks. By providing a uniform way of constructing such network architecture, its scalability can be easily accomplished. Moreover, this network architecture can be applied to different SoC developments
The Economics of “Crossing Over”: Examining the Link between Correctional Officer Pay and Guard–Inmate Boundary Violations

ABSTRACTThis study seeks to ascertain why some correctional officers engage in boundary violations with inmates in spite of the presence of strong organizational cultural norms which discourage familiarity between staff and offenders. Using an alternate version of Blau and Blau’s relative deprivation theory to guide in the interpretation of our analyses, we conclude that poor pay, perceptions of boundary violations by other officers, and lack of family support, the economics, lead some officers to have a lack of pride in their work and profession, thus, triggering their closeness to inmates across the sacrosanct border, resulting in the crossing over.
The influence of molecular order and microstructure on the R2* and the magnetic susceptibility tensor

In this work, we demonstrate that in the presence of ordered sub-voxel structure such as tubular organization, biomaterials with molecular isotropy exhibits only apparent R2* anisotropy, while biomaterials with molecular anisotropy exhibit both apparent R2* and susceptibility anisotropy by means of susceptibility tensor imaging (STI). To this end, R2* and STI from gradient echo magnitude and phase data were examined in phantoms made from carbon fiber and Gadolinium (Gd) solutions with and without intrinsic molecular order and sub-voxel structure as well as in the in vivo brain. Confidence in the tensor reconstructions was evaluated with a wild bootstrap analysis. Carbon fiber showed both apparent anisotropy in R2* and anisotropy in STI, while the Gd filled capillary tubes only showed apparent anisotropy on R2*. Similarly, white matter showed anisotropic R2* and magnetic susceptibility with higher confidence, while the cerebral veins displayed only strong apparent R2* tensor anisotropy. Ordered sub-voxel tissue microstructure leads to apparent R2* anisotropy, which can be found in both white matter tracts and cerebral veins. However, additional molecular anisotropy is required for magnetic susceptibility anisotropy, which can be found in white matter tracts but not in cerebral veins.
The Politics of Rights and Wrongs: Alien Soldiers, Veterans, and their Families in the United States

The foreign-born have served in all of America’s militaries, from the Revolution to the present. The standard narrative of political and social development in the United States assigns military service a leading role in integrating marginalized groups in to society. This, many believe, flows from the “citizen-soldier” tradition in the United States. This paper examines the practice of non-citizen enlistment in America’s armies, past and present. It has three principle aims: to introduce alien enlistment as an American military institution, to show a relationship between the state’s military needs and its immigration and naturalization policies, and third, to evaluate how closely current practices align with American values and ideals, i.e. the “citizen-soldier” tradition. Specifically, it reviews the policy and legislative changes (concerning alien service men and women) of the last ten years and discusses their constitutional, political, and social implications. Some practices reflect American ideals (i.e. granting citizenship to those who serve in uniform) and basic values (i.e. reciprocity, fairness,) whereas others remain deeply problematic. The problematic category includes: the detention and removal (deportation) of alien veterans, spouses and children of active duty service members, and the “revocable” nature of citizenship acquired through military service.
Tunable, Room Temperature CMOS-Compatible THz Emitters Based on Nonlinear Mixing in Microdisk Resonators

We propose and investigate in detail a novel tunable, compact, room temperature terahertz (THz) emitter using individual microdisk resonators for both optical and THz waves with the capability of radiating THz field in 0.5–10 THz range with tuning frequency resolution of 0.05 THz. Enhanced THz generation is achieved by employing a nonlinear optical disk resonator with a high value of second-order nonlinearity (χ (2)) in order to facilitate the difference-frequency generation (DFG) via nonlinear mixing with the choice of two appropriate input infrared optical waves. Efficient coupling of infrared waves from bus to the nonlinear disk is ensured by satisfying critical coupling condition. Phase matching condition for efficient DFG process is also met by employing modal phase matching technique. Our simulations show that THz output power can be reached up to milliwatt (mW) level with high optical to THz conversion efficiency. The proposed source is Silicon on Insulator (SoI) technology compatible enabling the monolithic integration with Si complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) electronics including plasmonic THz detectors.
Desulfation and depolymerization of chondroitin 4-sulfate and its degradation products by rat stomach, liver and small intestine.

SummaryStomach, small intestine, and liver contain sulfatases which liberate sulfate from chondroitin 4-sulfate. Sulfatase activity is greater in 1-mo than in 4-mo old rats. For each of the 3 tissue extracts, de-sulfation occurs more rapidly -and extensively with chondroitin 4-sulfate as substrate than with the sulfated products obtained by degradation of chondroitin sulfate with gastric enzymes, hyaluronidase or chondroitinase ABC. Stomach and small intestine liberate organic sulfate in addition to inorganic sulfate, and the ratio of the former to the latter may exceed 1 (in terms of sulfate). The rate of liberation of inorganic sulfate exceeds that of organic sulfate during the early stages of incubation and the reverse occurs in the later stages. Sulfate ion inhibits the liberation of inorganic and to a lesser extent organic sulfate. These results suggest, but do not conclusively prove, that desulfation precedes depolymerization.Liver liberates chiefly inorganic sulfate and little organic sulfate. Elec...
Long wavelength shifting and broadening of quantum well infrared photodetector response via rapid thermal annealing

A shift in the peak response wavelength and a broadening of the photoresponse spectrum is demonstrated for intersubband absorption in n-doped GaAs/AIGaAs multiple quantum well detectors following intermixing of the well and barrier layers during rapid thermal annealing. In general, a decrease in performance is observed for the RTA QWIPs when compared to the as-grown detectors. The peak absolute response of the annealed QWIPs is lower by almost a factor of four, which results in corresponding decrease in quantum efficiency. In addition, the noise performance results in a detectivity which is five times lower than that of QWIPs fabricated from as-grown structures.
Assimilable organic carbon and biodegradable organic carbon removal by nanofiltration : full and bench-scale evaluation

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of nanofiltration (NF) at full and bench scale for controlling AOC and BDOC, which are the main indicators of biological stability of the finished potable water. One of the major observations from full-scale operation was that nanofiltration was a very effective means to reduce BDOC, but conversely, did not reject a significant fraction of AOC. The high BDOC rejection by nanofiltration (NF) membranes at full scale can be explained by size exclusion, since a significant fraction of BDOC consists of compounds, such as humic and fulvic acids, which are larger than the pores of NF membranes (molecular-weight cutoff ≃200 daltons). The insignificant AOC rejection observed in full-scale systems was probably due to the low pH, high hardness, and high ionic strength (TDS) of the raw water. Bench scale tests using simulated waters clearly demonstrated that AOC removal by NF membranes decreases markedly with decreasing pH, and increasing hardness and ionic strength, implying that electrostatic repulsion plays a significant role in AOC removal mechanisms. These solution environments repress the electrostatic interaction between charged organic compounds and membranes, allowing passage of small molecular weight compounds and thus reducing AOC rejection.
Abstract 1682: Radiation-induced autophagy is dependent on Sirtuin 3.

Sirtuin family members (Sirtuin 1 to 7) are highly conserved proteins, both structurally and functionally, and have either NAD+ dependent enzymatic activity (Sirtuin 1,2, 3, 5 and 7) for deacetylation of proteins or ADP ribosyl transferase activity (Sirtuin 4 and 6). Their functions in metabolic processes and chromatin remodeling have been conserved throughout evolution. Sirtuin 1 and Sirtuin 2 have been shown to be linked with several neurological disorders. The role of other Sirtuins in neurodegenerative disorders is not known. Radiation therapy (RT), one of the preferred and widely accepted treatments for intracranial primary and secondary metastatic tumors, may lead to long-term irreversible neurotoxicity in susceptible individuals with cognitive dysfunction similar to that observed in other neurodegenerative disorders. There are ample data which demonstrate that aberrant autophagic process and dysfunctional mitochondria are important factors leading to several neurological diseases, such as Huntington9s disease and Parkinson9s dementia. Among the Sirtuins, Sirtuin 3, 4 and 5 are localized within mitochondria, however, their role in radiation-induced neurotoxicity has not been evaluated. Using Sirtuin 3 knockout (KO) mice generated through genomic deletion allowed us the opportunity to study its role in autophagy and mitochondrial function during exposure to radiation. Preliminary reports show Sirtuin 3 in the adult mouse brain to be localized primarily within hippocampus and subcortical plate. Through flow cytometry and immunofluorescence stainin of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Sirtuin 3 KO mice, we demonstrate that loss of Sirtuin 3 alters rates of basal autophagy. Furthermore, immunoblot analysis of autophagic marker LC3B I I 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1682. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1682
Profiling Religious Fundamentalism’s Associations With Vocational Interests:

Religion is a shaping force in the world today, increasingly expressed and integral to the flow and function of the workplace. The relationship between religious identity and work function is clearly present. However, no lines of research have explored how religion explains the variations in vocational interest, despite speculation that it does so. Fundamentalist beliefs provide an opportunity to examine how career interests are related to personal values. This study examined the relationship between fundamentalism and the Artistic and Investigative Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional types, types speculated to be most dissimilar to fundamentalism, by testing the incremental importance of religious fundamentalism beyond personality traits in the shaping of vocational interests. Results suggest that, even after controlling for variation attributed to personality, religious fundamentalism is negatively related to Artistic interests yet has no relationship to Investigat...
Dreeding and utilization of a new special rice vatiety Ruan-hong-mi

Ruan-hong-mi was a new Indica red rice variety breeding by crossing the Wu-feng-zhan with a local red rice variety and after eight generations selecting in Rice Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The variety's average yield was 400.63～422.20 kg/667m2,the quality reached second scales of high quality paddy in national and province standard,and with the resistance to the blast and mid-resistance to the bacterial leaf blight disease.The iron and zinc content of brown rice in the variety was 14.658 mg/kg and 11.310 mg/kg,it was higher 24.17% and 25.95%than that the Yue-xiang-zhan contains.It was permitted to release by crop examine and approve committee of Guangdong province in May 2008.
Manipulative Detorsion: Beware the Twist that does not Turn

We report 3 cases in which the testicle was untwisted inadequately or torsion recurred soon after manipulative detorsion. While manipulative detorsion can decrease ischemia time an operation should follow as soon as possible to confirm detorsion, assure orchiopexy and prevent repetitive episodes.
Momentum: Further Evidence from Australia

Abstract Much research has been on momentum strategies. This paper makes further contribution by examining momentum in Australia in a 100-year period that had not being examined before: 1883–1984. The findings are that momentum is profitable in Australia from 1883 to 1984. In direct contrast with negative momentum returns in the United States, momentum strategy in Australia is significantly positive in January.
Electroreduction of Organic Compounds with Two Reactive Centers. II. Isophthal Aldehyde

Reduction of all three isomeric diformylbenzenes in aqueous solutions depends on protonation of the aldehydic groups. The reductions of diprotonated forms in acidic media show considerable differences of the behavior for individual isomers. Diprotonated forms of terephthaladehyde and orthophthaladehyde are reduced in a single reversible two-electron step, yielding a stable diradical or a quinomethide. Isophthaladehyde is reduced in acidic media up to pH 5 (where the rate of protonation of both formyl groups is sufficiently fast) in a single two-electron process. The irreversibility is caused by subsequent reactions. Each CHOH+ group is converted into a CHOH· group that can undergo dimerization. The simultaneous transfer of two-electrons in aqueous media is facilitated by protonation which occurs as a surface reaction. This allows an orientation of both CHOH+ groups with equal probability of an electron transfer. This makes the process in a protic medium different from processes in aprotic media, where after the transfer of the first electron the second group acts as a substituent, affecting transfer of the second and subsequent electrons. In the monoprotonated form the protonated — CHOH+ group is reduced first. This reduction occurs in the medium pH — range (pH 5–8) where the uptake of the second electron occurs on radical — CHOH· at more positive potentials than the first electron uptake. First reduction occurs in a single two-electron step, the potentiâl of which is affected by the second CHO group as substituents. The reduction of the unprotonated form at pH > 9 occurs similarly as in aprotic media: First two electrons are transferred in two separated one-electron steps.
Visual Diagnosis: Cough and Lip Slough: The Search for a Unifying Diagnosis.

1. Kristin Williams, MD* 2. Stephanie DeLeon, MD* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK. A 7-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with severe lip swelling, cough, nasal congestion, and room air hypoxia. His father reports that the cough, nasal congestion, and drainage developed 1 week ago. He had been evaluated at an outside facility on 3 separate occasions over the first 5 days of the illness when he was exhibiting only upper respiratory tract symptoms. He was given cetirizine, as-needed inhaled albuterol, and oral corticosteroid treatment for the respiratory symptoms. On the seventh day of the illness, he developed posttussive emesis and lip swelling as well as the previous symptoms. His father denies any new exposures to food or medications other than those listed previously, and he personally feels the swelling may have been due to cetirizine exposure. The patient refuses to eat or drink due to mouth pain and is given a mixture of aluminum hydroxide/magnesium hydroxide antacid, diphenhydramine, and lidocaine in an attempt to control the pain and encourage oral intake. However, these medications simply make his lips numb and lead to drooling without significant improvement in his pain. He receives a dose of epinephrine to address the possible condition of anaphylactic swelling, although no stridor or respiratory distress was ever reported. Several hours later the lip swelling has progressed and lip blistering develops; samples from the blisters are obtained for herpes simplex viral cultures. On physical examination at that time, the boy is lying in bed holding an oxygen mask near his face to provide blow-by oxygen for comfort. He is in no acute distress and appears uncomfortable but nontoxic. He has slight conjunctival injection without noticeable matting or …
Military Women's Research

Until 1994, there was a paucity of research aimed at the female soldier. With the dramatic increase in the numbers of military women and their subsequent assumption of expanded roles, it is vital that increased research emphasis be exerted toward this group. A 1994 Congressional directive mandated that women be included in all Department of Defense-sponsored research. This led to the establishment of the Defense Women's Health Research Center for "multidisciplinary and multi-institutional research" on military women's health issues. This article presents demographic data of military women along with descriptions of current research endeavors and issues in need of continued and future research.
Metamaterial-Enabled and Microwave Circuit Integrated Wearable Antennas for Off-Body Communications

This chapter presents two new types of recently developed wearable antennas. It presents the transformational designs for lightweight conformal wearable antennas which are highly efficient while, at the same time, having a compact footprint and a low profile in the MBAN band. These designs are enabled by placing a planar monopole antenna on top of an extremely truncated metasurface, which yields a front-to-back ratio in the radiation pattern that is remarkably high for its size and effectively isolates the antenna from the loading effects of the human body. The chapter focuses on compact, planar circularly polarized (CP) wearable filtennas with both narrow and wide operational bandwidths. It discusses the antenna design strategy, simulations, and experimental results, as well as on-body performance evaluations of these wearable antennas. Bandwidth broadening techniques are illustrated by introducing various interdigital capacitor loading schemes into the metasurface. The integrated band selective functionality of the radiating modules is verified by experimental measurements.
Prediction of meteorological parameters: a semantic kriging approach

The climatological dynamics and weather patterns have been studied extensively in the field of remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS). The meteorological parameters, closely related to the earth surface, play important roles in climatological study. Prediction of these parameters is motivating especially when datasets contain missing and erroneous values. Geostatistical analysis is mandatory for prediction as it facilitates improved modeling of spatial proximities, hence reducing estimation error. However, the interdependencies between the atmospheric and terrestrial contexts play a critical role for proximity estimation. It is challenging to model cross-correlation between these two factors, considering the anisotropy in the terrain. This hybrid approach may facilitate better prediction accuracy for the meteorological parameters. This research work focuses on contextual land-atmospheric interaction modeling of influencing meteorological parameters in the terrain for spatial interpolation. The newly proposed interpolation method is named as semantic kriging (SemK). Theoretical analyses and empirical evidences prove the method to produce better results than most of the existing techniques in literature.
Different Bacterial Communities Involved in Peptide Decomposition between Normoxic and Hypoxic Coastal Waters.

Proteins and peptides are key components of the labile dissolved organic matter (DOM) pool in marine environments. Knowing which types of bacteria metabolize peptides can inform the factors that govern peptide decomposition and further carbon and nitrogen remineralization in marine environments. A 13C-labeled tetrapeptide, alanine-valine-phenylalanine-alanine (AVFA), was added to both surface (normoxic) and bottom (hypoxic) seawater from a coastal station in the northern Gulf of Mexico for a two-day incubation experiment, and bacteria that incorporated the peptide were identified using DNA stable isotope probing (SIP). The decomposition rate of AVFA in the bottom hypoxic seawater (0.018-0.035 μM h-1) was twice as fast as that in the surface normoxic seawater (0.011-0.017 μM h-1). SIP experiments indicated that incorporation of 13C was highest among the Flavobacteria, Sphingobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Acidimicrobiia, Verrucomicrobiae, Cyanobacteria, and Actinobacteria in surface waters. In contrast, highest 13C-enrichment was mainly observed in several Alphaproteobacteria (Thalassococcus, Rhodobacteraceae, Ruegeria) and Gammaproteobacteria genera (Colwellia, Balneatrix, Thalassomonas) in the bottom water. These data suggest that a more diverse group of both oligotrophic and copiotrophic bacteria may be involved in metabolizing labile organic matter such as peptides in normoxic coastal waters, and several copiotrophic genera belonging to Alphaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria and known to be widely distributed may contribute to faster peptide decomposition in the hypoxic waters.
On the Correspondence Between Procrustes Analysis and Bidimensional Regression

Procrustes analysis is defined as the problem of fitting a matrix of data to a target matrix as closely as possible (Gower and Dijksterhuis, 2004). The problem can take many forms, but the most common form, orthogonal Procrustes analysis, has as allowable transformations, a translation, a scaling, an orthogonal rotation, and a reflection. Procrustes analysis and other rotation methods have a long history in quantitative psychology, as well as in other fields, such as biology (Siegel and Benson, 1982) and shape analysis (Kendall, 1984). In the field of quantitative geography, the use of bidimensional regression (Tobler, 1965) has recently become popular. Tobler (1994) defines bidimensional regression as "an extension of ordinary regression to the case in which both the independent and dependent variables are two-dimensional." In this paper, it is established that orthogonal Procrustes analysis (without reflection) and Euclidean bidimensional regression are the same. As such, both areas of development can borrow from the other, allowing for a richer landscape of possibilities.
Facial Defect Reconstruction with Scalp Skin Grafts.

The objective of this study is to demonstrate the benefits of scalp-based split-thickness skin grafts as a reconstructive modality for facial skin defects, noting advantages relative to traditional harvest sites. The study is presented as a case series with chart review set in a tertiary referral center. We reviewed the charts of patients with facial skin defects whose reconstruction required more skin than could be harvested with standard full-thickness skin grafting techniques and, accordingly, included a split-thickness skin graft from the adjacent scalp. Preoperative and postoperative photographs, along with operative and postoperative records, were used to evaluate final cosmetic results and complications. We reviewed 15 patients, with ages ranging from 6 to 90 years. Common indications were skin cancer resection, avulsive skin trauma, and ear reconstruction. While patients generally had good cosmetic outcomes, with excellent color matching relative to traditional distant donor sites, a major advantage of the scalp donor site was low donor-site morbidity. Scalp donor sites were commonly reepithelialized at 7 to 10 days postoperatively and had low reported pain scores. There were no major complications. Reconstruction of facial skin defects that require skin coverage with split-thickness skin grafts can optimally be harvested from adjacent scalp skin, providing adequate cosmesis but, perhaps most importantly, much lower donor-site morbidity than with traditional nonhair-bearing donor sites.
Association of Rhinoplasty With Perceived Attractiveness, Success, and Overall Health

ImportanceTo date, the impact of rhinoplasty surgery on social perceptions has not been quantified. ObjectiveTo measure the association of rhinoplasty with observer-graded perceived attractiveness,...
Physical Memory and Encoding

Mobile devices will utilize flash memory to store the operating system and subsequent stored user data. Two primary types that have been used over the years are NOR and NAND. NAND in recent years has evolved into various types, each given way to higher capacities, faster read and write speeds, as well as the ability to process the demands of user media. This information is encoded in specific fashions and must be decoded after the physical extraction takes place. Mobile forensic products that are tasked with parsing physical exams are specifically locating data that is in a correct format. If examiners understand how deleted artifacts are affected by wear leveling and garbage collection, and are able to determine the type of encoding that is on their targeted device, they can in turn locate additional artifacts that were missed during the automated process. Encoding the raw data requires an understanding of binary, ASCII, hexadecimal, Unicode, Big and Little Endian, 7-bit GSM PDU, and Reverse Nibble.
Creation of localized skyrmion bubbles in Co/Pt bilayers using a spin-valve nanopillar

We fabricate devices in which a magnetic nanopillar spin valve makes contact to a Co/Pt bilayer thin film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, to achieve local control of domains in the Co/Pt bilayer underneath the nanopillar. The goal is to develop the ability to nucleate, detect, and annihilate magnetic skyrmions in the Co/Pt using spin-polarized currents from the nanopillar. We demonstrate the ability to distinguish the local behavior of the Co/Pt film beneath the nanopillar from the extended film and show that the two can switch independently of each other. This allows us to isolate a localized domain under the pillar that can be controlled separately from the rest of the Co/Pt film using applied currents and magnetic fields. Micromagnetic simulations indicate that this localized domain has skyrmion symmetry. Our results represent a first step toward controlling room-temperature skyrmions using localized spin-transfer torque.
Faculty Recruitment and Retention

Faculty recruitment and retention: recruitment and retention of faculty preceptors in resident-faculty clinics has become increasingly challenging in the setting of growing demands on productivity, adequate reimbursement, and relative lack of institutional emphasis on teaching and valuation of clinician educators.
International Comparison of Household Inequalities Based on Microdata With Decompositions

There is growing evidence that households are paying more attention to levels of economic well-being beyond their own national boundaries. This is partly due to the increased interdependence of the international community and partly due to the increased mobility of labor across national boundaries as compared with two or three decades ago. Dramatic improvements in communications have also contributed to the process. Consequently, the level of economic well-being of one population relative to those of other nations is of interest from a policy perspective; policy-makers can learn from the policies and practices of other nations. An international comparison of income inequality is a first step towards this goal.
Media and the politics of groups and identities in tumultuous times

The media are critical to a well-functioning democratic society, and freedom of the press is a fundamental tenet of democracy. Through their reporting, journalists hold elites and institutions acco...
Microabrasive Technology for Precision Cleaning and Processing Applications

Abstract Microabrasive technology is a highly versatile, nonsolvent, automated precision cleaning and processing system that has been developed to meet the growing demand for precision cleaning and processing needs in the government and industrial sectors with generation of minimum quantities of nonhazardous secondary waste. The system employs miniature nozzles through which a dry microabrasive powder is propelled onto the surface of the part to be cleaned or processed. The system can be used in a variety of applications, including coating removal, component demarking, deburring, drilling and cutting, surface texturing and etching. The versatility of the technology is illustrated by specific examples of its use in a variety of industries.
A 32-Year-Old Recreational Overhead Athlete with Tears of the Biceps, Labrum, and Rotator Cuff (Partial)

Symptomatic pathology should be surgically addressed in an athlete that fails nonoperative management. Type II superior labrum anterior to posterior (SLAP) tears that fail nonoperative treatment should undergo SLAP repair in a majority of cases unless the patient is a non-throwing athlete with concomitant bicep tendonitis. In those patients, a primary biceps tenodesis can be considered. In all cases the patient should be counseled on the outcomes and expectations of each procedure in regard to general function and return to sport. This is especially true among throwers who demonstrated significantly worse return to sport and previous level compared to their non-throwing peers. Finally, in the event that a bicep tenodesis is required, overhead athletes can still return to high-level competitive play, but the prognosis remains more guarded than in the non-overhead athlete.