cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Learning and memory in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Objective The authors investigated a broad range of memory functions for stimuli unrelated to trauma to determine whether symptoms such as intrusive memories might reflect an underlying cognitive deficit unrelated to the psychological content of the traumatic memory in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method The authors measured the intellectual functioning of 20 male combat veterans with PTSD and 12 normal comparison subjects using the WAIS and evaluated them for performance on memory using the California Verbal Learning Test. Results Veterans with PTSD showed normal abilities in the functions of initial attention, immediate memory, cumulative learning, and active interference from previous learning. However, these veterans showed a circumscribed cognitive deficit, manifested by the presence of substantial retroactive interference and revealed by a significant decrement in retention following exposure to an intervening word list. Conclusions The data suggest that patients with PTSD may have fairly specific deficits in the monitoring and regulation of memory information.
Recovery-Informed Education as a Means of Institutional Sustainability for CRPs

CRPs are uniquely positioned to be valuable assets for universities to address substance-related issues in the collegiate environment. Utilizing the experience of students and staff members engaged in recovery support services empowers CRPs to implement alcohol and other drug (AOD) programming for the general student population. This presentation will outline how CRPs can implement education programs within their university in order to provide wider support and resources as well as challenge injunctive norms on campus. By employing various education initiatives, CRPs can reach a broader range of students while also attaining sustainability within the university structure.
Checkpoint inhibition immunotherapy for advanced local and systemic conjunctival melanoma: a clinical case series

Herein, we describe the use of systemic immunotherapy for both locally advanced and metastatic conjunctival melanoma. Current treatments for advanced conjunctival melanoma typically result in poor local control leading to disfiguring orbital exenteration surgery. Locoregional spread of conjunctival malignant melanoma typically requires pre-auricular and cervical lymph node dissection with post-operative adjuvant radiation therapy. In addition, classic systemic chemotherapy has been unsuccessful in the treatment of metastatic disease. This is a retrospectively analyzed clinical case series of 5 patients with biopsy proven conjunctival melanoma who were treated with checkpoint inhibition therapy. Of these, 3 patients were treated for residual ocular disease present after failing multiple local therapies and refusing orbital exenteration surgery and two (with local ocular control) for metastatic conjunctival melanoma. Both those with locally advanced disease and patients with metastatic disease received an anti-PD1 agent in combination with another immunotherapeutic agent. All 5 were given multiple cycles of systemic anti-PD1 therapy, 1 was initially treated with single agent ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) prior to approval of anti-PD1 agents and two received interferon eye drops. As part of each ophthalmic examination, photographs of all conjunctival and eyelid surfaces were obtained. Systemic evaluations involved initial staging scans as well as periodic re-imaging. All cases have shown responses. Of the 2 complete responses, 1 was a patient with systemic disease. No patients developed ocular toxicity or loss of vision. However, systemic adverse effects included adrenal insufficiency, Grade-III colitis, Grade-II dermatitis, Grade-II hepatotoxicity and Grade-II pneumonitis. This report suggests that systemic immunotherapy with or without topical interferon is effective in treatment of malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva. Therefore, it can be considered for patients with advanced local conjunctival melanoma, those who refuse orbital exenteration surgery and those with systemic metastasis.
Açai Berry (Euterpe oleracea) Dietary Supplements: Variations in Anthocyanin and Flavonoid Concentrations, Phenolic Contents, and Antioxidant Properties

Acai (Euterpe oleracea) is a palm plant that is native to South America and produces deep purple berry fruits. Despite acai’s popularity as a dietary supplement, little is known about the phenolic composition and antioxidant properties of commercially available acai berry products. Therefore, twenty acai supplements in a variety of forms (e.g., capsule, powder, frozen pulp, and liquid) were analyzed for their total phenolic and anthocyanin contents, individual anthocyanin and other flavonoid concentrations, and antioxidant capacities. Hierarchical cluster analysis was then used to group acai supplements into categories based on similarities in their chemical profiles and antioxidant properties. Results showed that over half of the supplements contained little or no acai fruit or had sufficient amounts of water to substantially lower the concentration of acai chemical components. Additionally, two acai supplements contained unlisted ingredients that greatly altered the products’ chemical properties. Chromatographic analysis of individual anthocyanins and other flavonoids was useful in identifying the presence of acai fruit within the dietary supplements while complimentary in vitro spectroscopic assays aided in detection of adulterants. This study highlights the complexity of the dietary supplement market while also showing the importance of collectively analyzing data from multiple complimentary techniques when evaluating acai berry products.
The Bystander Intervention Model: Teacher Intervention in Traditional and Cyber Bullying

Bullying, both traditional and cyber, has been associated with several negative outcomes for students, but when bystanders (such as peers or adults) intervene, bullying will often decrease or stop. Teachers are especially important adult bystanders because they are more likely than parents to witness or hear about bullying, especially bullying that occurs in the school setting, but previous research has shown that teachers often do not intervene. Applying the Bystander Intervention Model (notice the event, interpret as an emergency, accept responsibility, know what to do, and act) to bullying in schools may help us understand why teachers may or may not intervene. Via self-report, this study examined associations among affective empathy, perceived bullying seriousness, and each step of the Bystander Intervention Model in Bullying for both traditional bullying and cyber bullying among 150 elementary-high school teachers. Results indicate a positive association between affective empathy and engagement in each step of the Bystander Intervention Model for traditional bullying. Additionally, affective empathy was positively and significantly related to two of the steps (notice the event and take responsibility) for cyber bullying. There was also a positive association between perceived bullying seriousness for two steps of the model (notice the event and interpret as an emergency) for traditional bullying. Implications for teacher involvement in bullying prevention and intervention are discussed.
CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED1 Controls Resistance to Aphids by Altering Indole Glucosinolate Production

CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1), a well-known central circadian clock regulator, coordinates plant responses to environmental challenges. Its daily rhythmic expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) confers host resistance to the caterpillar Trichoplusia ni. However, it is unclear whether CCA1 plays a role in defense against phloem sap-feeding aphids. In this study, we showed that green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) displayed an intrinsic circadian feeding rhythm. Under constant light, wild-type Columbia-0 (Col-0) Arabidopsis plants coentrained with aphids in the same light/dark cycles exhibited greater antixenotic activity than plants preentrained in the opposite cycle from the aphids. Consistently, circadian mutants cca1-1, cca1-11, lhy-21, ztl-1, ztl-4, and lux-2 suffered more severe damage than Col-0 plants when infested by aphids, suggesting that the Arabidopsis circadian clock plays a defensive role. However, the arrhythmic CCA1 overexpression line (CCA1-OX) displayed strong antixenotic and antibiotic activities despite its loss of circadian regulation. Aphids feeding on CCA1-OX plants exhibited lower reproduction and smaller body size and weight than those on Col-0. Apparently, CCA1 regulates both clock-dependent and -independent defense responses. Systematic investigation based on bioinformatics analyses indicated that resistance to aphids in CCA1-OX plants was due primarily to heightened basal indole glucosinolate levels. Interestingly, aphid feeding induced alternatively spliced intron-retaining CCA1a/b transcripts, which are normally expressed at low levels, whereas expression of the major fully spliced CCA1 transcript remained largely unchanged. We hypothesize that posttranscriptional modulation of CCA1 expression upon aphid infestation maximizes the potential of circadian-mediated defense and stress tolerance while ensuring normal plant development.
On the Existence of Nash Equilibrium in Games with Resource-Bounded Players.

We consider computational games, sequences of games \(\mathcal {G}=(G_1,G_2,\ldots )\) where, for all n, \(G_n\) has the same set of players. Computational games arise in electronic money systems such as Bitcoin, in cryptographic protocols, and in the study of generative adversarial networks in machine learning. Assuming that one-way functions exist, we prove that there is 2-player zero-sum computational game \(\mathcal {G}\) such that, for all n, the size of the action space in \(G_n\) is polynomial in n and the utility function in \(G_n\) is computable in time polynomial in n, and yet there is no \(\epsilon \)-Nash equilibrium if players are restricted to using strategies computable by polynomial-time Turing machines, where we use a notion of Nash equilibrium that is tailored to computational games. We also show that an \(\epsilon \)-Nash equilibrium may not exist if players are constrained to perform at most T computational steps in each of the games in the sequence. On the other hand, we show that if players can use arbitrary Turing machines to compute their strategies, then every computational game has an \(\epsilon \)-Nash equilibrium. These results may shed light on competitive settings where the availability of more running time or faster algorithms can lead to a “computational arms race”, precluding the existence of equilibrium. They also point to inherent limitations of concepts such as “best response” and Nash equilibrium in games with resource-bounded players.
Exploring the impact of fatigue on occupational engagement of young adults with rheumatic conditions

Date Presented 04/05/19 This presentation reports on a qualitative study that explored the impact of fatigue on the occupational engagement of young adults with rheumatic conditions. Young adult participants reported limited success in reducing fatigue, which often interfered with their ability to balance career, home life, and social participation. Results of this study will inform the development of an occupation-based fatigue management intervention tailored to young adults’ age-specific needs. Primary Author and Speaker: Kristine Carandang Additional Authors and Speakers: Janet Poole
Clinical observation on preopterative and postoperative binocular vision of children with intermittent exotropia

Objective To observe the change of binocular vision of patients with intermittent exotropia after surgery.Methods Binocular single vision of patients were 43 cases,no binocular vision of patients were 41 cases.Binocular single vision of both distance and near was checked in one hundred and sixty eight patients with intermittent exotropia before and after surgery.Results There were 41 patients (48.80％ ) with preoperative near stereopsis before surgery,65 patients(77.38％ ) with near stereopsis postoperative after surgery.There was significant difference between before surgery and after surgery (P ＜ 0.05 ).Rbuilding rate of near stereopsis after surgery was 80.95％,and there were 68 patients of near stereopsis after surgery.The results of the recovery of binocular vision postoperatively was as well as the stereopsis.Conclusions Surgical treatment of intermittent exotropia is very important for the reconstruction of binocular vision. Key words: Intermittent exotropia; Surgery; Binocular vision
Organizational Acceptance of Social Media Marketing: A Cross-Cultural Perspective

By surveying 115 social media marketing professionals in 17 different countries and regions, this study extends Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and digital divide research at the organizational l...
Educating Against the Grain: A West Texas Teacher Preparation Program Champions Radical Reform

Critics of teacher education programs argue these programs perpetuate a middle-class white discourse that privilege Eurocentric approaches to curriculum development and implementation. Such approaches prepare pre-service teachers for the status quo, often represented in normative standards of whiteness with little consideration towards addressing issues of equality, diversity, and race. Some teacher education programs across the nation have heeded the call for reform. These programs incorporate culturally responsive pedagogy (CRP) within the curriculum, aiming to produce practitioners with a CRP mindset and dispositions. Indeed, much research documents teacher education programs that incorporate various elements of CRP so as to adequately prepare teachers to educate diverse student populations.
Abstract P473: Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health Among Afro-Caribbean Immigrants in New York City

Introduction: Research on cardiovascular health (CVH) and risk factors among immigrants has been well-documented. Less is known about social influences on CVH, among black immigrants. Despite havin...
Environmental public interest litigation: new roles for civil society organizations in environmental governance in China

In 2015, the Government of China enacted Environmental Public-Interest Litigation (EPiL) as an amendment to its revised Environmental Protection Law. This policy granted civil organizations standin...
Wildavsky or a workbook: Advice for the novice faculty member teaching undergraduate public finance:

The article examines five areas novice instructors should consider before teaching public finance. First, instructors should ascertain their comfort level along the qualitative-quantitative continu...
The presence and role of the intermediary CO reservoir in heterogeneous electroreduction of CO2

Despite the importance of the microenvironment in heterogeneous electrocatalysis, its role remains unclear due to a lack of suitable characterization techniques. Multi-step reactions like the electroconversion of CO2 to multicarbons (C2+) are especially relevant considering the potential creation of a unique microenvironment as part of the reaction pathway. To elucidate the significance of the microenvironment during CO2 reduction, we develop on-stream substitution of reactant isotope (OSRI), a new method which relies on the subsequent introduction of CO2 isotopes. Combining electrolytic experiments with a numerical model, this method reveals the presence of a reservoir of CO molecules concentrated near the catalyst surface that influences C2+ formation. Application of OSRI on a Cu nanoparticle (NP) ensemble and an electropolished Cu foil demonstrates that a CO monolayer covering the surface does not provide the amount of CO intermediates necessary to facilitate C-C coupling. Specifically, the C2+ turnover increases only after reaching a density of ~100 CO molecules per surface Cu atom. The Cu NP ensemble satisfies this criterion at an overpotential 100 mV lower than the foil, making it a better candidate for efficient C2+ formation. Furthermore, given the same reservoir size, the ensemble’s intrinsically higher C-C coupling ability is highlighted by the 4-fold higher C2+ turnover it achieves at a more positive potential. The OSRI method provides an improved understanding of how the presence of CO intermediates in the microenvironment impacts C2+ formation during the electroreduction of CO2 on Cu surfaces.
Infection Prevention, Operational Workflows, and Implementation Checklists for Whole-Lung Low-Dose Radiation Therapy (LD-RT) for COVID-19-Related Pneumonia.

Purpose/objective(s) Low-Dose Radiation Therapy (LD-RT) is an emerging treatment option for patients with COVID-19 related pneumonia. Infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus complicates incorporation of LD-RT into existing radiation oncology clinics. Materials/methods The first phase I/II trial of LD-RT for COVID-19-related pneumonia implemented novel operational protocols to address risk of infection and respiratory events. Patients were transported from hospital rooms to linear accelerators and treated with 0.5 Gy or 1.5 Gy using pre-planned, two-dimensional treatments prepared using diagnostic x-rays and caliper measurements. Workflows were revised over time to balance infection risks with implementation burden. Results Between April 24 and December 7, 2020, fifty-two patients were enrolled and forty were treated. The end-to-end process comprised 16 distinct teams and > 120 cooperating staff members (> 50 core radiation oncology staff). The trial was operationalized at two hospitals at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, prior to vaccine availability. Teams included trial leadership/screening (n > 4), inpatient floor staff (n > 10), clinical trials staff and coordinators (n = 8), transport (n = 2), radiation therapists (n > 20), respiratory therapists (n = 5), radiation nursing (n > 7), ICU nursing (n = 4), rapid response teams (n = 4), medical physics (n > 4), dosimetry (n > 3), infection prevention (n > 3), environmental services (n > 6), security (n = 7), lab personnel (n = 1), and physicians from radiation oncology (n = 7), infectious diseases (n = 2), pulmonary/critical care medicine (n = 2), anesthesia (n = 2), and internal medicine (n > 20) [total > 120]. All non-intubated patients were transported by a multi-disciplinary team, consisting of a physician, nurse, transporter, infection prevention specialist, and (when needed) a respiratory therapist. Treatments occurred after normal clinic hours, were initiated by team huddles, check lists, and included personal protective equipment supervision at multiple time points. Transport routes were 880 to 1760 feet (0.33 miles) one-way, with 1 to 3 elevator banks and required 20-35 minutes for round-trip transport and treatment. Oxygen supplementation in non-intubated patients ranged from 2 to 15 L/min. One intubated patient was transported with a portable ventilator and accompanying ICU staff. There were no code-level events during transport. No patient-facing staff contracted COVID-19 from trial activities. Workflow burden was successfully reduced and protocols relaxed over time with increased staff experience. Conclusion Whole-lung low-dose radiation therapy (LD-RT) for COVID-19-related pneumonia was successfully incorporated into existing workflows at a major academic university. Forty patients were treated with no code-level events, and no staff contracted the virus during eight months of trial accrual. Instructional materials and implementation check lists are provided.
The effect of targeted rheumatoid arthritis therapies on anti‐citrullinated protein autoantibody levels and B cell responses

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex inflammatory disorder associated with synovitis and joint destruction that affects an estimated 1·3 million Americans and causes significant morbidity, a reduced life-span and lost work productivity. The use of biological therapies for the treatment of RA is costly, and the selection of therapies is still largely empirical and not guided by the underlying biological features of the disease in individual patients. The synovitis associated with RA is characterized by an influx of B and T cells, macrophages and neutrophils and the expansion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes, which form pannus and lead to cartilage and bone destruction. RA is associated with synovial production of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies (ACPA) and with the production of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-17 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which are targets for RA therapeutics. Recent ideas about the pathogenesis of RA emphasize a genetic predisposition to develop RA, a preclinical phase of disease that is associated with the production of ACPA and the development of symptomatic disease following inflammatory initiating events that are associated with expression of citrullinated epitopes in the joints of patients. However, we still have a limited understanding of the cytokine and intracellular pathways that regulate ACPA levels. In humans, therapy with biological agents affords a unique opportunity to better understand the cytokine and signalling pathways regulating ACPA levels and the impact of ACPA level changes on disease activity. In this study we summarize the effect of RA therapies on ACPA levels and B cell responses.
In defense of the uterine interposition operation.

Abstract 1. 1. Since 1931, uterine interposition operations have been performed on 145 patients at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. The results obtained have been presented. 2. 2. These figures have been combined with the figures cited in three previous reports by the gynecologic staff of the Johns Hopkins Hospital. 3. 3. The results obtained show that the uterine interposition operation is satisfactory for uterine prolapse in women at or beyond the menopause. 4. 4. The author does not claim that the interposition operation is the procedure of choice in all cases of uterine procidentia, but points out that in his hands and in those of the other members of the Johns Hopkins gynecologic staff, it has yielded a high percentage of successes.
Performing Democracy: Bulgarian Music and Musicians in Transition

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Donna A. Buchanan Year: 2006 Pages: 496 + CD Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 0226078264 (hard cover). Prices: $75.00 US(hard cover).
Electrical impact of high-speed bus crossing plane split

The importance of providing a continuous return current path for high-speed signal design is well recognized. A signal bus crossing a plane split has negative impact on SI (signal integrity) and EMI (electromagnetic interference). This paper provides numerical and/or measurement analysis to quantify these effects in the PCB environment, such as waveform distortion, increased crosstalk levels, and excessive radiation. In addition, simulation is used to quantify the effectiveness of mitigation techniques resulting in high-speed bus design guidelines.
Random Sets Unify, Explain, and Aid Known Uncertainty Methods in Expert Systems

Numerous formalisms have been proposed for representing and processing uncertainty in expert systems. Several of these formalisms are somewhat ad hoc in the sense that some of their formulas seem to have been chosen rather arbitrarily.
Cadmium zinc telluride films for wide band gap solar cells

The CdTe-ZnTe alloy system is evaluated for application in high efficiency polycrystalline thin-film multijunction solar cells. Single phase Cd/sub 1-x/Zn/sub x/Te alloy films 3-4 /spl mu/m thick, with x from 0 to 1 and band gap from 1.5 to 2.25 eV, were deposited by co-evaporation from binary CdTe and ZnTe sources. Film composition, x in Cd/sub 1-x/Zn/sub x/Te varied linearly with source effusion rate ratio. Lattice parameter varied linearly with composition, while optical band gap exhibited a bowing parameter, b = 0.3. Sub-band gap transmission, T/(1-R), is /spl sim/80%. Post-deposition treatment in argon at 400/spl deg/C to 600/spl deg/C does not measurably after the alloy composition. Treatment in CdCl/sub 2/:O/sub 2/:Ar vapor at 400/spl deg/C preferentially removes Zn from the Cd/sub 1-x/Zn/sub x/Te alloy. Treatment in ZnCl/sub 2/:O/sub 2/:Ar vapor at /spl sim/400/spl deg/C results in slight compositional change due to formation of ZnO and Te at the surface. The photovoltaic operation of Cd/sub 1-x/Zn/sub x/Te/CdS devices is presented.
The relationship between exercise and risk of venous thrombosis in elderly people.

OBJECTIVES: To study whether exercise is associated with the risk of venous thrombosis in elderly people. DESIGN: Observational study with a median follow-up of 11.6 years. SETTING: The Cardiovascular Health Study in four U.S. communities. PARTICIPANTS: People aged 65 and older without prior venous thrombosis (deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism). MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported exercise was measured two or three times during follow-up and was defined as expending more than 500 kcal/wk on exercise, including walking for exercise. Venous thrombosis cases were verified using medical record review. RESULTS: Of 5,534 participants, 171 developed a first venous thrombosis. Self-reported exercise at baseline was not related to the risk of venous thrombosis after adjustment for sex, age, race, self-reported health, and body mass index (adjusted hazard ratio (HRadj)=1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.84–1.61), although with exercise modeled as a time-varying exposure, overall results were in the direction of greater risk of venous thrombosis (HRadj=1.38, 95% CI=0.99–1.91). For mild-intensity exercise, such as walking, there was a nonsignificant finding in the direction of benefit (HRadj=0.75, 95% CI=0.49–1.16), but strenuous exercise, such as jogging, was associated with greater risk of venous thrombosis (HRadj=1.75, 95% CI=1.08–2.83) than no exercise at all. CONCLUSION: In elderly people, strenuous exercise was associated with a higher risk of venous thrombosis than no exercise at all. Future studies are needed to explain this unexpected higher risk.
Case report: inferior vena-cava right atrial anastomotic stenosis after bicaval orthotopic heart transplantation.

Purpose This case report describes the occurrence of acute postoperative liver and renal failure after bicaval orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) due to stenosis of the inferior vena cava (IVC)-right atrial (RA) anastomosis. We also discuss the role of measuring femoral venous pressure and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in establishing the diagnosis.
Teaching Problem-Solving Strategies

(1993). Teaching Problem-Solving Strategies. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 66, No. 4, pp. 228-230.
A level-set based approach to image registration

Image registration is an often encountered problem in various fields including medical imaging, computer vision and image processing. Here, the authors present a novel curve evolution approach expressed in a level-set framework to achieve image registration. The key features of the authors' algorithm are, (a) it can account for small and large deformations, (b) it is very fast (unlike most large deformation schemes) and (c) existence and uniqueness of the solution for the evolution model has been established in a Sobolev space. The authors demonstrate the implementation results on a variety of images including synthetic and real data.
The Evolution of Invertebrate Photopigments and Photoreceptors

The advent of new tools in genetics, labeling, and imaging has led to a revolution in the ability to investigate the genetic and cellular evolution of invertebrate photoreceptor pigments and cells. All opsins, invertebrate and vertebrate, derive from a common ancestral G-protein-coupled receptor, whose descendants form four distinct groups (one of which, the “cnidops,” is strictly limited to invertebrates). Today’s invertebrate opsins associate with a bewildering assortment of G-proteins and often have unusual properties, including functional bistability and occasionally the capacity to act as photoisomerases for visual pigment chromophores. In this chapter, we review our state of knowledge of how invertebrate opsins—the proteins underlying all visual pigments—have evolved and become functionally specialized as well as how the photoreceptive cells in which they are housed have diversified from a common ancestor—or ancestors—early in animal evolution.
Recognition and Localization of Intracranial Disease

Clinical recognition and localization of disease within the nervous system is paramount to effective diagnosis and treatment of animals with neurologic disease. Thorough examination of the nervous system is based upon an understanding of normal neuroanatomy and physiology. Once a disease process is established to involve the nervous system, localization of the abnormalities within the nervous system is imperative for formulation of a differential diagnosis and diagnostic plan. This article reviews important aspects of the neurologic examination that lead to neuroanatomical localization.
Ty-3, a begomovirus resistance locus near the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus resistance locus Ty-1 on chromosome 6 of tomato

Resistance to begomoviruses including bipartite Tomato mottle virus (ToMoV) and monopartite Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) has been introgressed to cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) from S. chilense accessions LA1932, LA2779, and LA1938. Previous research demonstrated that three regions on chromosome 6 were associated with the resistance, two of which were required for a line to provide a high level of resistance. In the present study, we identified a large S. chilense introgression spanning markers from C2_At2g39690 to T0834 in LA2779-derived advanced breeding lines resistant to both TYLCV and ToMoV. A begomovirus resistance locus, Ty-3, was mapped to the marker interval between cLEG-31-P16 and T1079 on the long arm of chromosome 6. In addition to the Ty-3 locus, the large introgression also spans the Ty-1 region near the Mi gene, suggesting the possible coexistence and linkage of resistance alleles at both Ty-1 and Ty-3 loci in these lines. In contrast, LA1932-derived advanced breeding lines possess a much shorter introgression from cLEG-31-P16 to C2_At5g41480, which also carries a begomovirus resistance locus that is probably allelic at the Ty-3 locus. The PCR-based markers tightly linked to the Ty-3 locus as well as the markers near the Ty-1 region have been used in our breeding program for efficient selection of begomovirus resistance in the past three growing seasons and will be useful resources for tomato breeders around the world.
Tissue engineered bone-regeneration using degradable polymers: The formation of mineralized matrices

In the development of 3-dimensional cell-polymer matrices for tissue engineering, the ability of osteoblast cells to maintain their phenotypic properties and form a mineralized matrix while seeded on the polymer surface is very important. Osteoblast cell differentiation and bone formation using rat calvaria cells were studied on the surface of a porous poly(lactide/glycolide)/hydroxyapatite (PLAGA/HA) 3-dimensional polymer matrix. Cell adhesion and proliferation were determined at 24 hr, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Cell attachment and proliferation were observed to increase throughout the first two weeks of the study, followed by a period of gradual plateauing of cell numbers. Environmental scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that cells grown on the surface of the 3-dimensional porous PLAGA/HA matrix retained their characteristic morphology and grew in a multi-layer fashion. Light microscopy observations of experiment cultures revealed active osteoblastic cells forming a characteristic mineralized matrix in the presence of beta-glycerophosphate as a phosphate donor. Mineralization did not occur in media either not supplemented with beta-glycerophosphate or when the matrix without cells was incubated with the reagents, indicating that the mineralization was due to the cells and not the HA in the matrix. These results suggest that the 3-dimensional PLAGA/HA matrix could provide a matrix for bone cell differentiation and mineralization in vitro and, therefore, may be a candidate as a synthetic implant for bone regeneration.
Compaction localization in the Earth and the laboratory: state of the research and research directions

Localized compaction in porous rocks is a recently recognized phenomenon that has been shown to reduce permeability dramatically. Consequently, the phenomenon is relevant to a variety of technologies involving fluid injection or withdrawal. This article summarizes current understanding of localized compaction and impediments to further progress. The article is based on discussions at a small workshop on localized compaction sponsored by the Office of Science, U. S. Department of Energy.
Optimal drug screening plans

The problem of drug screening is to select from a large number of drugs those having some particular desirable biological effect. A sample of laboratory animals are treated with the drug and some measure of the effect on each animal is obtained. These experimental results lead to the decision to 'accept' or 'reject' the drug. The drug screening is intended to be but a first step in the search for new therapeutic agents. Presumably, a drug accepted by the screen will be carefully scrutinized and subjected to many further tests before being considered for use in a controlled clinical trial. A rejected drug is dropped from further consideration. Since acceptance or rejection depends on results in a sample, two possibilities of error are involved: the screen can reject an effective drug (false negative) and can accept an ineffective drug (false positive). The problem of designing a screen is to determine an 'optimal' plan which takes into account these two possibilities of error. Two main approaches have been taken in the statistical consideration of drug screening. One is the fixed probability level approach where the two possibilities of error are arbitrarily fixed and screening plans meeting these conditions are examined. This is the approach used by the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center (at the National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland) in the screening of anti-mouse tumour drugs and the approach used in this research. Second is the decision theory approach where costs are assigned for each of the two possible wrong decisions and for experimentation and screening plans minimizing an over-all cost function are examined. This decision theory approach has recently been
Male dance educators in a female-dominated profession.

Problems in gender equity exist in dance education just as they do in other professions. There is a need for strategic recruitment efforts and research on how to attract more males into the dance profession.
Robert Liberman's Influence on Supported Employment

The authors have developed individual placement and support using many of the principles of psychiatric rehabilitation of Robert P. Liberman. These included respect for the individual, working in collaboration with the family, integrating skills and supports, using simple behavioral techniques to teach skills in a particular context, combining clinical and rehabilitative approaches, and insisting on rigorous research. As individual placement and support has become an evidence-based practice and has spread around the globe, Bob continues to be a tireless mentor, supporter, colleague, and friend.
Isolation of mitotic p34cdc2 apoenzyme from human cells.

Abstract A simple procedure was devised for isolating from homogenates of mitotic cells the human homolog to the fission yeast cdc2 gene product. The identity of the purified protein was established with anti-p34 cdc2 antibodies and p13 suc1 , both specific ligands for p34 cdc2 . Active-site labeling with oxidized [α 32 P]ATP showed the purified molecule to be an ATP-binding protein. Its ability to phosphorylate casein but not histone, and its phosphorylation on tyrosine, detected by anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies, indicates the form of p34 cdc2 purified is the inactive or apoenzyme form. Purified quantities of human p34 cdc2 should be of considerable value in establishing the mechanism of its activation at mitosis by phosphatases.
Causes and consequences of prolonged dormancy for an iteroparous geophyte, Silene spaldingii

Summary 1 Prolonged dormancy, during which a plant does not produce above-ground shoots during one or more growing seasons, is common in temperate herbaceous species, but its role in life history is poorly understood. 2 We analysed stage transitions to determine the consequences of prolonged dormancy for Silene spaldingii, a perennial geophyte of semi-arid grasslands in the Columbia Basin of western North America. We monitored 179 S. spaldingii plants from 1987 through 2005, and analysed demographic rates as a function of plant state and seasonal precipitation. 3 Dormant plants had similar survival and growth to vegetative plants, and were more likely to flower in the following year, resulting in a greater reproductive value being associated with the dormant state. Thus, prolonged dormancy is likely to increase fitness in S. spaldingii. 4 Both external (precipitation) and internal (stage in previous year) factors were associated with S. spaldingii vital rates. Prolonged dormancy was more likely following flowering than after being vegetative, and following a wetter summer and/or drier fall the previous year. 5 Our results suggest that geophytic species may respond to current resource availability in a manner dependent on internal state (previous performance) and suggest that prolonged dormancy plays a role in resource allocation and life history.
In vitro cell system for studying molecular mechanisms of action associated with low intensity focused ultrasound

Low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) is now being considered as a noninvasive brain therapy for clinical applications. We maintain that LIFU can efficiently deliver energy from outside the skull to target specific brain regions, effecting localized neuromodulation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive this LIFU-induced neuromodulation are not well-defined due, in part, to our lack of understanding of how particular sets of LIFU delivery parameters affect the outcome. To efficiently conduct multiple sweeps of different parameters and determine their effects, we have developed an in-vitro system to study the effects of LIFU on different types of cells grown in culture. Presently, we are evaluating how LIFU affects the ionic flux that may underlie neuronal excitation and inhibition observed in-vivo. The results of our in-vitro studies will provide a rationale for selection of optimal LIFU parameter to be used in subsequent in-vivo applications. Thus, a prototype ultrasound cell assay system has been developed to conduct these studies, and is described in this work.
New images of the Earth's upper mantle from measurements of surface wave phase velocity anomalies

[1] The sensitivity of a surface wave to the lateral structure of the Earth's mantle depends on the local structure and thickness of the crust; particularly at short periods, the strong lateral heterogeneity of the crust has a significant nonlinear effect on the surface wave “sensitivity functions.” Thus far, this effect has not been quantified, and tomographic studies of the upper mantle based on surface wave observations have not taken it into account. On the basis of a Jeffreys-Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (JWKB) description of surface wave propagation we find and discuss the lateral variations of the sensitivity of Love and Rayleigh waves to mantle seismic anomalies, associated with a realistic model of the crust [Mooney et al., 1998]. We then use the resulting laterally varying sensitivity kernels to determine a new tomographic image of horizontally and vertically polarized shear velocity in the upper mantle from Love and Rayleigh wave phase velocity measurements (periods from 35 to 300 s). In terms of large-scale patterns of high and low velocity our model is similar to previously published ones, confirming, among other features, the anomalous anisotropy underlying the central Pacific [Ekstrom and Dziewonski, 1998]; we find, however, that the lateral dependence of the surface wave sensitivity kernels has a significant effect on the absolute amplitude of the anomalies, which should not be neglected as we attempt to obtain higher-resolution images of the upper mantle.
Novel reactions of trifluoroamine oxide with organic and inorganic substrates

Abstract The chemistry of trifluoroamine oxide has remained largely ignored since its initial synthesis more than twenty years ago [1,2]. A review of the chemistry and physical characteristics of trifluoroamine oxide has recently been published [3], indicating that its reported chemistry has been largely limited to its Lewis base behavior and Lewis acid catalyzed addition reactions. We find that trifluoroamine oxide reacts readily with, for example, a variety of amines to form the corresponding N-fluoro and N-nitroso derivatives in good yields. Oxidative fluorination of non-halogenated phosphines occurs under mild conditions to give R 3 PF 2 , and treatment of phosphites with ONF 3 yields three fluorinated products, i.e., RF, (RO) 2 P(O)F and (RO) 3 PF 2 . A number of metals including Ga, Sn and Sb are rapidly to GaF 3 , SnF 4 and SbF 5 , While WF 6 is obtained from the reaction between ONF 3 and W(CO) 6 . The synthesis of many new or previously difficult to obtain materials has been achieved, and their physical and chemical characteristics, including stability and synthetic utility, are described.
SIMPLE MODEL OF ASYMMETRICAL BUSINESS CYCLES: INTERACTIVE DYNAMICS OF A LARGE NUMBER OF AGENTS WITH DISCRETE CHOICES

A (jump) Markov process (generalized birth-and-death process) is used to model interactions of a large number of agents subject to field-type externalities. Transition rates are (nonlinear) functions of the composition of the population of agents classified by the choices they make. The model state randomly moves from one equilibrium to another, and exhibits asymmetrical oscillations (business cycles). It is shown that the processes can have several locally stable equilibria, depending on the degree of uncertainty associated with consequences of alternative choices. There is a positive probability of transition between any pair of such basins of attraction, and mean first-passage times between equilibria can be different when different pairs of basins are calculated.
An experimental study of the behavior of connections for pultruded GFRP I-beams and rectangular tubes

Abstract This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation comparing beam-to-column connection behavior of pultruded glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) I-beams and box sections. We also present a novel method for measuring connection stiffness that provides new insight into the behavior of flexible connections. The tests comprised six specimens: three I-beams connections and three box-beam connections. The connections had top and bottom seated angles with web clips for the I-beams and side plates for the box beams. Two of the specimens were bolted through the column. Duplicate tests of the standard I-beam and box-beam connections were done to establish repeatability of the tests. The box beam connections performed much better than the I-beam connections with respect to both strength and stiffness. Stiffness was improved by 25% and strength increased by 280% by using the box sections with a relatively simple connection geometry.
Insensible Water Loss in the Critically Ill Neonate: Combined Effect of Radiant-Warmer Power and Phototherapy

• To quantitate radiant power and insensible water loss under phototherapy, 12 neonates were studied under radiant warmers for one hour each with and without phototherapy. Warmer power was measured by wattmeter and thermopile. Power density received from phototherapy was 4.4 mW/sq cm. Addition of phototherapy to the servocontrolled warmer caused a decrease in power density received from the warmer (17.1 to 12.9 mW/sq cm). However, the total radiant-power density received with phototherapy and the warmer combined (17.3 mW/sq cm) did not differ from net power density received without phototherapy (17.1 mW/sq cm). Insensible water loss, measured with a metabolic balance, increased from 2.54 to 3.73 mL/kg/hr, with addition of phototherapy. Since the total radiant-power density did not change, mechanisms other than increased radiant-power delivery must exist to explain the increased insensible water loss observed with phototherapy. (Am J Dis Child1981;135:516-520)
Applications of localized image processing techniques in wireless sensor networks

We describe the application of image processing techniques for data refinement in sensor networks, by mapping network nodes to pixels in an image. Due to their localized, distributed nature, these techniques are inherently scalable and therefore desirable for use in large sensor networks. We examine two specific problems: cleaning of uncorrelated sensor noise, and the decentralized detection of edges (such as the perimeter of a chemical leak). Our simulation results show that the performance of these processing techniques depends critically upon both sensor density and radio range.
Policing Mechanisms in Agricultural Contracts

In this paper we focus on mechanisms of coordination in agricultural contracts. Our approach is intended to advance understanding of social relations of production and distribution of power in agrofood systems. Through an analysis of contracts between farmers and intermediaries (e.g., processors, shippers, consignment agents) for California fruits and vegetables, we identify three functions of contracts: they help to coordinate production, they provide incentives (and penalties) to induce particular behaviors, and they allow farmers and intermediaries to share risk. These functions are implemented via four policing instruments: input control, monitoring, quality measurement, and revenue sharing. The instruments are employed by intermediaries to mitigate “blind spots” in contracts and to control farmers' actions and the quality of their output. This mechanism design approach is complemented by a sociologically oriented analysis emphasizing the embeddedness of economic institutions. We problematize the stylized fashion in which the concept of authority has been treated in the contract farming literature, and propose an alternative approach to studying new organizational forms and divisions of labor among farmers and intermediaries.