cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endometrial Abnormalities: Correlation Between Different Diagnostic Modalities.

Objectives We sought to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) saline infusion sonohysterogram (SIS), and hysteroscopy for diagnosing endometrial abnormalities and their correlation with histological findings. In addition, we sought to validate the subsistence of a more subtle abnormality called "redundant endometrium" (RE). Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients presenting with infertility and diagnosed with endometrial abnormalities who underwent hysteroscopy and pathology evaluation. Each patient underwent TVUS at the first visit regardless of the cycle phase, followed by SIS during proliferative phase, and then hysteroscopy, which was performed when abnormal SIS findings were diagnosed. Endometrial abnormalities were categorized as polyps (EP), RE, or normal. Frequencies of the abnormalities were recorded for the 3 imaging modalities and their sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for each. Results A total of 105 TVUS and 73 SIS were performed. Because of the frequent association of EP with RE, when all endometrial pathologies were combined, the three diagnostic modalities showed high sensitivity (TVUS 88.9%, SIS 100%, hysteroscopy 82.9%, respectively), but they also showed low specificity (TVUS 56.7%, SIS 56.1%, hysteroscopy 58.2%, respectively). Pathological evaluation showed isolated RE (26 cases), to harbor polyps (19.2%), disordered endometrium (19.2%), and complex atypical hyperplasia (3.8%). Conclusions The three diagnostic modalities showed high sensitivity in diagnosing endometrial abnormalities. We identified RE as an independent endometrial abnormality. Benign endometrium is the predominant histology in RE, however, a small proportion harbors endometrial hyperplasia. Based on these results, we advocate further evaluation when this condition is diagnosed with TVUS, or SIS.
Targeted Cash Transfers, Credit Constraints, and Ethnic Migration in the People’s Republic of China

This paper relies on recent proprietary data from the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC) poor rural minority areas to examine the importance of credit constraints on internal labor migration. Specifically, a liquidity shock via the PRC’s minimum living standard assistance (MLSA) program is decomposed into its direct and indirect parts. The institutional features of the MLSA program permit an identification strategy that relies on a set of verifiable assumptions and an instrument variable framework. The results reveal that the direct effect on migration of MLSA is negative, although the net effect is positive driven by the large indirect effects, which are twice as large for ethnic minorities compared to the Han majority. Subsequent evidence further suggests that the main mechanism behind the indirect effect is informal interpersonal lending fostered by risk-sharing strategies. The findings imply that once liquidity is injected into a village it gets circulated in the community, stimulating migration particularly within credit-constrained minority communities.
Design Drawings and As-Built Drawings

This chapter begins with the discussion of design drawing preparation. The design engineer should provide adequate information to the contractor and pile-driving inspector. The chapter presents vital information that should be provided without any ambiguity. Information to the pile-driving inspector should be provided in an easily readable manner. The chapter further discusses as-built plans. After construction of piles, it is necessary to prepare an as-built pile location plan.
Quantification of CO2 trapping and storage capacity in the subsurface: Uncertainty due to solubility models

The purpose of this chapter is to examine how different solubility algorithms provide different estimates of storage capacity assessments and lead to different assessments of CO 2 trapping mechanisms. Secure storage of carbon in deep saline aquifers requires CO 2 ―brine―rock reactions to convert injected CO 2 into dissolved species and solid carbonate minerals. Effective characterization of these reactions on the capacity and security of storage requires accurate representations of CO 2 solubility in brine. Several widely used solubility models and the geochemical reaction simulator Geochemist's Workbench© (GWB) were compared. These models incorporate various fugacity coefficients, interacting parameters, and corrections for nonideal behavior of the mixtures (H 2 O―CO 2 ―salt). The solubility models of Duan and Sun [2003] and Spycher and Pruess [2005] agree well with experimental data both in pure water and in saline solutions. The model of Enick and Klara [ 1990] also produces results in agreement with experimental data if the fugacity coefficient is calculated based on Duan and Sun [2003]. The radius of formation necessary to store 3.3 x 10 11 kg of CO 2 (equivalent to 30 years of CO 2 emissions from a 1000-MW coal-fired power plant) for the 60-m thick Rose Run Sandstone ranges from 6 to 28 km, depending on the solubility model used. Predictions of silicate mineral dissolution and the precipitation of CO 2 trapping carbonate minerals also depend considerably on the choice of solubility model. The choice of solubility model has tremendous impact on sequestration evaluations, especially: predictions of the volume of a formation required for specific amounts of CO 2 , assessments of hydrodynamic, mineral, and solubility trapping mechanisms, and forecasts of density-driven flow patterns. Complementary to this study, the next chapter in this volume explores how simulations of flow and transport processes are impacted by choice of solubility model and other equation-of-state components.
Visual Concurrent Object-Based Programming in GARP

We describe a hybrid graphical/textual model for concurrent object-based programming. In this model, graph grammars are used to specify the set of topologies (processes and their interconnections) that a concurrent system can evolve, while the behavior of individual processes is specified textually. This allows a clean separation of naming and topology control issues from those of describing individual components of the system. In our model a concurrent system is a collection of processes, connected into a topology constrained by the language of the graph grammar for the system, which communicate by message passing and mutate the topology of the system by requesting application of the productions in the grammar to the topology.
Organocobalt cluster complexes : XII. The arylation and alkylation of methylidynetricobalt nonacarbonyl with organomercury compounds☆

Abstract The reaction of diarylmercurials and arylmercuric halides with methylidynetricobalt nonacarbonyl in benzene or THF at reflux results in formation of benzylidynetricobalt nonacarbonyl complexes, ArCCo3(CO)9, in good yield, especially when the reactions are carried out under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide. The alkylation of HCCo3(CO)9 with dialkylmercurials or alkylmercuric halides proceeds much more slowly and in much lower yields. Similar reactions of (α-haloalkyl)mercurials, (RCHX)2Hg, with HCCo3(CO)9, gives reduced products, RCH2CCo3(CO)9, rather than the expected RCHXCCo3(CO)9. Similar arylation of the apical carbon atom of the CCo3 cluster occurred in the reactions of XCCo3(CO)9 (X = Cl, Br, I) with diphenylmercury, and in reactions of tetraphenyltin and tetraphenyllead with HCCo3(CO)9.
Mapjack: A Mobile Wiki for Collaborative Map Making

Volunteered geographic information has introduced new forms of user generated content. Sadly, the generation of such content is not inclusive. There is need to improve not only tools but also social processes to bring about more inclusivity in participation.
Closing Gaps of Discontinuous Lines: A New Criterion for Choosing the Best Prolongation

Polylines that are or should be continuous can have gaps in them, either because of scanning or digital processing or because they are depicted with discontinuous symbology like dots or dashes. This paper presents a new criterion for finding the most likely prolongation of discontinuous polylines.
Enhancing collection efficiency in large field of view multiphoton microscopy

Many multiphoton imaging applications would benefit from a larger field of view; however, large field of views (>mm) require low magnification objectives which have low light collection efficiencies. We demonstrate a light collection system mounted on a low magnification objective that increases fluorescence collection by as much as 20-fold in scattering tissues. This peripheral detector results in an effective numerical aperture of collection >0.8 with a 3-4 mm field of view.
Anomalies and Normal Variations of the Dens

The den is critical to the upper cervical spine and has a complex developmental history. Very often normal anomalies and variations mimic pathology. This chapter is devoted to a detailed discussion of anomalies of the dens and how they can be differentiated from pathologic processes.
Visible cooperative upconversion laser in Er:LiYF(4).

We report trio upconversion laser action in Er:LiYF4 with excitation at 1.55 μm resulting in cw emission at 0.55 μm to a temperature of 95 K and contrast its performance with earlier green erbium upconversion lasers.
Reexamination of the structure of MoO(O2)2(H2O)(hmpa), hmpa=hexamethylphosphoramide by crystallographic and theoretical means

The crystal structure of MoO(O2)2(H2O)(hmpa), hmpaZhexamethylphosphoramide, has been reassessed and corrected as one of the axial parameters (namely the c-axis) was reported incorrectly. This resulted in significant differences in the internal geometry of the molecule, notably an decreased O‐O atom distance (z0.03 A˚) in the metal-bonded peroxo ligands. Crystal packing forces and a flat bending potential
Assay for trans-p-coumaroyl esterase using a specific substrate from plant cell walls☆

Cell walls of Coastal Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) were treated with polysaccharide hydrolases to release O-[5-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-alpha-L-arabinofuranosyl]-(1----3)-O-be ta-D- xylopyranosyl-(1----4)-D-xylopyranose (PAXX) which was isolated by liquid chromatography. The isolated PAXX was greater than 95% pure as determined by 1H NMR and was used as substrate for a sensitive assay of trans-p-coumaroyl esterase. PAXX was hydrolyzed by culture filtrates from the anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix MC-2. The trans-p-coumaric acid released by enzymatic hydrolysis was assayed by reverse-phase HPLC, and as little as 100 ng of acid could be determined. Steady-state velocities for the release of the acid obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Vmax was determined to be 1.17 mumol min-1 mg-1 and Km 13.2 microM at pH 7.5 and 30 degrees C.
Decomposing serial learning: what is missing from the learning curve?

Our current understanding of serial learning relies on the form of the learning curve and on changes in the serial position curve over repeated study-test trials (Ward, 1937). The averaging of data that produces these functions obscures the detailed history of memory for individual items over the course of study-test trials. Extending Tulving’s (1964) analysis of free recall learning, we present a new analysis of serial learning that tracks the acquisition and forgetting of item and order information at the level of individual items. Applying this analysis to two large data sets on serial list learning allows us to discern among hypotheses that are indistinguishable solely on the basis of the learning curve.
A double quantum coherence transfer proton NMR spectroscopy technique for monitoring steady-state tumor lactic acid levels in vivo

If proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy is to provide a clinically useful modality for monitoring tumor growth and treatment, the technique must be able to unambiguously detect steady-state metabolite concentrations in human tumors and differentiate these from normal tissue levels. To address this problem, a two-dimensional double quantum coherence transfer spectroscopy (2DDQCT) method was developed and tested in a series of tumor cell lines implanted in mice. Lactate-edited proton NMR spectra were determined from a roughly 1-cm3 region of interest in EMT6, RIF-1, and fibroma. In two-dimensional data matrix representations of the 2DDQCT experiments (double quantum frequency on the vertical axis and chemical shift on the horizontal axis) the lactate signal (330 Hz with the transmitter set at the water resonance) was well-resolved from lipid (480 Hz, 600 Hz). The resolution in the double quantum dimension was also sufficient to conclude that a detectable level of alanine, which would reside at 358 Hz, was not present in the three tumor types. Following the NMR experiment, tumors were chemically assayed for lactate giving 8.17, 9.1, and 6.73 μmol/g wet wt for RIF-1, EMT6, and fibroma, respectively. This technique is likely to provide a noninvasive method for monitoring the steady-state lactic acid levels in small tumors before and after therapy, as well as in tissues with impaired oxygen delivery using clinical and research NMR Systems. © 1990 Academic Press, Inc.
Managing metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer in the older patient

Treating older patients with metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer is often challenging. This is largely due to the issues providers face in making decisions in the setting of limited efficacy and toxicity data specific to older women in addition to the competing challenges of managing comorbidity and preserving functional status. Here, we discuss currently available treatment regimens and other important issues to consider when treating older patients with metastatic, HER2-positive disease.
Ba2YCu3O6.9 Powder Preparation by Sol-Gel Emulsion Techniques

Barium yttrium cuprate powders were prepared by a sol-gel emulsion process in which an aqueous nitrate solution containing Ba, Y, and Cu in the correct stoichiometry was emulsified in heptane. The resulting micrometer-sized droplets were gelled by adding a high-molecular-weight primary amine that extracts nitric acid from the aqueous phase and raises the pH of the droplets. Thermal gravimetric analysis revealed that the correct overall stoichiometry was obtained at temperatures lower than 400 °C during calcination, but X-ray diffraction showed that calcination at temperatures greater than 800° may be required to produce the correct phase. One possible advantage of this technique is the control of powder morphology on a micrometer scale so that powders can be prepared for advanced ceramics processing methods. Also, segregation of components, if any, will be restricted to distances less than one micrometer.
Explicit Constructions of Dense Common Hypercyclic Subspaces

We give an explicit construction of a dense infinite dimensional vector space of hypercyclic vectors for the weighted backward shift Tλ (|λ| > 1). We also develop a technique to construct common hypercyclic vectors for countable families of these operators. The techniques developed here do not rely on the Baire category theorem or any kind of existence proof, as do most approaches to this problem.
Geographic information systems: Providing information for wildland fire planning

Controlling wildfires within the wildland/urban interface has proven to be the most complex challenge facing wildland fire agencies. Although program improvements to increase the efficiency of interface suppression efforts have been suggested, the availability of information about the wildfire environment remains a critical resource for wildland fire planning. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) can provide the technology to store, manipulate, analyze, and display spatially oriented information in a form necessary for efficient fire planning and incident decision making. Complex map and attribute information, including vegetation types, fuels models, weather patterns, topography, fire suppression environment, landuse characteristics, and microenvironmental features, can be rapidly summarized and integrated. This integrated information can be used to create unique polygons useful in predicting fire behavior, allocating fire suppression resources, and as an aid in planning land use. Simplified user interfaces and the portability of new hardware systems will allow GISs to be used at every level of wildland fire planning.
On the intrinsic structure of differential equation models of ecosystems

Abstract Some intrinsic properties of differential equation models of ecosystems are formulated. The properties, which are long-termed, are classified into fundamental, stability, and sensitivity substructures. An aspect of the ecological term “resilient” — asymptotic stability uniformly for all small parameter variations — is introduced in a mathematical setting. In the sensitivity substructure, bounded sensitivity and continuity of sensitivity with respect to solutions are recognized as intrinsic properties. Illustrations of these two properties are given.
Kinetics of sulfation of alkalized alumina (Na2O·Al2O3)

Abstract A thermogravimetric analysis was made of the sulfation of alkalized alumina between 300 and 600°C, using sulfur dioxide concentrations typical of stack gases, 0.001–0.025 atm. Both dry gases and gas mixtures containing up to 0.024 atm water vapor were used. The primary reaction product is sodium sulfate (I), but at 500°C and above, sodium aluminum sulfate forms at the later stages of the sulfation. The rate of formation of sodium sulfate is proportional to the sulfur dioxide concentration, independent of oxygen partial pressure and proportional to the unreacted Na 2 O in alkalized alumina. The rate of sulfation appears to be controlled by formation of sodium sulfite which is subsequently oxidized to the sulfate. The experimental activation energy for the formation of sodium sulfate is low. In the absence of small amounts of water vapor a marked decrease in the rate occurs.
Getting to the Heart of the Matter: Implementing a Critical Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD) Newborn Screening Program Across a Rural Health System

Paper Presentation Purpose for the Program Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) occurs in approximately 8 of 1,000 births. With shorter hospitalization stays, newborns without cardiac anomaly identification before birth may appear healthy during their hospitalization. CCHD may not be identified until the newborn is at home and in distress. Early identification and intervention of CCHD promotes optimal outcome for newborns. A CCHD screening program was implemented for newborns in six obstetric/newborn units across a rural health system before the mandated legislative requirement. Proposed Change To facilitate intervention for those normal appearing newborns with undiagnosed heart defects after birth, a screening protocol before discharge should be implemented by nurses to identify CCHD in newborns who are 24 hours of age. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation An interdisciplinary healthcare team consisting of obstetric/newborn nursing leadership, clinical nurse specialist, respiratory therapy leadership, and neonatology and pediatric cardiology physicians collaborated to develop a specific protocol for CCHD newborn screening. Protocol development was initiated based on recommendations from the United States Secretary of Health and Human Services, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Heart Association, the introduction of state legislation for mandated CCHD screening by hospitals, and the evaluation of published evidence that identified the method for CCHD screening. Newborn nursing leadership developed the protocol and presented information for discussion and input to pediatric physicians across six healthcare facilities within the two state health system for adoption. Equipment was identified and acquired for each unit. Electronic health record modification assisted nursing team members to follow the protocol algorithm for accuracy. Nursing and respiratory therapy leadership developed a competency assessment for nursing team members and the comprehensive newborn nursing education plan for implementation. Since implementation in October 2011, approximately 4,700 infants have been screened with one true positive case of CCHD identified and two instances of false positive results where CCHD was ruled out with further testing. The minimal cost of implementation related to supplies and the time spent performing the test (3–4 minutes of nursing time per infant) has resulted in a successful program in which early identification of CCHD improves the outcome for those infants at risk. Implications for Nursing Practice The performance of CCHD screening by nurses facilitates the identification of CCHD in healthy appearing newborns with undiagnosed disease before ductal closure to promote timely intervention and optimal health outcomes. Nurses provide information and education to parents about the screening.
Effects of Autobiographical Writing Before Reading on Students' Responses to Short Stories

Abstract The effects of autobiographical writing before reading on ninth graders' discussion and understanding of two short stories were investigated in this study. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of audiotaped class discussions revealed that students who had written about relevant personal experience before reading were more substantively engaged in discussion and understood characters at a more abstract level.
Synthesis and characterization of ternary glasses in the system Na2Se-Ga2Se3-GeSe2

Abstract Chalcogenide glasses in the system Na2Se-Ga2Se3-GeSe2 (NGGS) have been synthesized and characterized using Raman spectroscopy as well as density and glass transition temperature measurements. Results are compared to those from the analogous system BaSe-Ga2Se3-GeSe2 (BGGS) in an attempt to shed light on the comparative roles of Na and Ba as modifying elements in chalcogenide networks. In general, both NGGS and BGGS glasses exhibit the corner-sharing network of (Ga/Ge)Se4 tetrahedra that is characteristic of glasses containing Ga–Ge–Se. Some amount of tetrahedral edge-sharing and Ge–Ge bonding exists, but the concentration of Ge–Ge bonds in the network is heavily dependent on both the ratio R = Na2Se(BaSe)/Ga2Se3 and the type of the modifying element. The addition of Na2Se to an NGGS glass with R 1 indicating that Na2Se is a much more efficient modifier that lowers the connectivity of the Ga–Ge–Se tetrahedral network via the formation of non-bridging Se atoms.
Heme—Heme interaction in cytochrome c oxidase in situ as measured by EPR spectroscopy

Abstract The electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) properties of the components of cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria and phosphorylating submitochondrial particles has been examined in samples at liquid helium temperature. When the preparations are aerobic the g 6 signal is very small but in anaerobic samples a g 6 signal appears with an apparent half-reduction potential at pH 7 (Em7) of 380 mV and disappears with an Em7 of 230 mV (cytochrome a). This g 6 signal represents an equilibrium mixture of two high-spin heme components with different symmetries for the heme environment. The g 3 signal is maximal in aerobic samples and disappears as the potential is lowered. The g 3 signal consists of at least two components, one with Em7 of 380 mV (cytochrome 3) and the other 230 mV (cytochrome c). The addition of CO to reduced cytochrome a3 changes oxidized cytochrome a from high spin (g 6) to low spin (g 3). The addition of azide changes the oxidized cytochrome a from high spin to low spin (g 2.9) when cytochrome a3 is reduced but not when cytochrome a3 is oxidized. The epr detectable copper has an n value of 1.0 and an Em7 of 250 mV while the high potential iron-sulfur protein (not a component of cytochrome oxidase) has an n value of 1.0 and an Em7 of 280 mV.
Behavioural modelling and analysis of hybrid vehicle steering systems

AbstractHybrid vehicles integrate an internal combustion engine, electric motor with accompanying battery pack and generator, and potentially fuel cells to realize greater fuel economy and reduced emission levels. A variety of powertrain operating scenarios exist including engine with belt-driven generator, electric motor using battery pack and/or fuel cell and, finally, engine and electric motor. Automotive subsystems such as hydraulic power steering cannot be consistently powered by a conventional belt-driven hydraulic pump since the engine may be frequently turned off to conserve energy. Thus, a need exists to investigate the dynamic behaviour of various steering systems for hybrid vehicles in terms of platform steering characteristics and power consumption. In this paper, empirical and analytical mathematical models will be presented for power (e.g. hydraulic, electric and steer by wire) rack and pinion steering units. The influence of chassis, tyre-road interface and steering system non-linearities a...
Dynamic Stimuli And Active Processing In Human Visual Perception

Theories of visual perception traditionally have considered a static retinal image to be the starting point for processing; and has considered processing both to be passive and a literal translation of that frozen, two dimensional, pictorial image. This paper considers five problem areas in the analysis of human visually guided locomotion, in which the traditional approach is contrasted to newer ones that utilize dynamic definitions of stimulation, and an active perceiver: (1) differentiation between object motion and self motion, and among the various kinds of self motion (e.g., eyes only, head only, whole body, and their combinations); (2) the sources and contents of visual information that guide movement; (3) the acquisition and performance of perceptual motor skills; (4) the nature of spatial representations, percepts, and the perceived layout of space; and (5) and why the retinal image is a poor starting point for perceptual processing. These newer approaches argue that stimuli must be considered as dynamic: humans process the systematic changes in patterned light when objects move and when they themselves move. Furthermore, the processing of visual stimuli must be active and interactive, so that perceivers can construct panoramic and stable percepts from an interaction of stimulus information and expectancies of what is contained in the visual environment. These developments all suggest a very different approach to the computational analyses of object location and identification, and of the visual guidance of locomotion.
Seasonal Growth of Northern Pike (Esox Iucius) in a South Dakota Glacial Lake

ABSTRACT The growth of northern pike (Esox lucius) in Lake Thompson, South Dakota was assessed seasonally over a two-year period. Northern pike were short-lived; the oldest fish collected was age 8. Female northern pike lived longer than male fish, and mean length-at-age was significantly higher for females than for males. Significant increases in mean body length occurred during cool- and cold-water seasons, but no increases in mean length were found for either sex from July through August, which was the period of highest water temperature. Incremental growth in length (mm/d) for male northern pike was related to water temperature, with maximum growth rates occurring in the range of approximately 8–18°C.
Is Pragmatism Good for Anything? Towards a Theory of Impractical Economics

This article discusses the relationship between classical pragmatism, political economy and economic policy. Classical pragmatism is contrasted with vulgar meanings and uses of the term pragmatism. Classical pragmatism aims at a deep, substantive theoretical understanding of real-world economic systems and supports application of well-warranted claims to knowledge to improve the human condition. The article reviews the contributions of the founder of pragmatism, Charles Sanders Peirce, to the areas of ontology and epistemology as well as their further development by contemporary classical pragmatist philosopher Susan Haack. Hilary Putnam’s argument that we can have ethics without ontology and objectivity without objects is then critiqued. We need ethics based on an ontology that is rooted in actual human experience; this provides better guidance for evaluating policy proposals. The paper concludes by discussing the affinity of classical pragmatism with different approaches to political economy and policy.
Domestic violence as a women’s health issue—panel discussion

Significant proportions of women in all health care settings have been “battered” which can be defined as physical and/or sexual assault by a current or former intimate partner. There is mounting evidence that intimate partner violence (IPV) has long-term negative health consequences for survivors even after the abuse has ended. Lower health status lower quality of life and higher utilization of health services by battered women have all been documented. In response to this growing body of evidence official health care professional organizations have increasingly recognized IPV as a health care problem and have called for clinical interventions and institutional changes to provide better care for abused women. This paper addresses two of the issues that continue to engender debate among health care professionals routine screening and mandatory reporting using data from three major studies that have been recently completed. (excerpt)
Morphological changes of cerebral penetrating arteries in a canine double hemorrhage model.

BACKGROUND Morphological presentations of cerebral vasospasm, such as dystrophy and desquamation of endothelial cells, corrugation of the internal elastic layer, and necrotic changes in smooth muscle cells, are well defined in large cerebral arteries. This study was undertaken to examine pathological changes in cerebral penetrating arteries in a canine double hemorrhage model. METHODS Eighteen mongrel dogs were subjected to an autologous arterial blood (0.4 mL/kg) injection into the cisterna magna on day 0 and day 2 after withdrawal of an equivalent amount of cerebrospinal fluid. Angiogram was performed on day 0 before the blood injection and on the day the dogs were sacrificed. The dogs were divided into four groups: control (day 0) (n = 4), hemorrhage and sacrificed on day 3 (n = 4), day 5 (n = 5), and day 7 (n = 5). The penetrating arteries were removed and found to be spastic on days 3, 5, and 7, but not in the control group. RESULTS Endothelial dystrophy and partial desquamation were recorded in all dogs sacrificed on days 5 and 7. Condensation of chromatin, blebbing of the membrane, and condensation of cytoplasm were identified in many endothelial cells, features that are consistent with apoptosis. The morphological changes in the penetrating arteries were more pronounced on days 5 and 7. CONCLUSIONS Vasospasm occurred in cerebral penetrating arteries in a canine double hemorrhage model. The morphological change in penetrating arteries, especially apoptosis in endothelial cells, is consistent with an early phase of vasospasm. Vasospasm in a penetrating artery may contribute to the cerebral ischemia that occurs during vasospasm.
Structural basis of fluorescence fluctuation dynamics of green fluorescent proteins in acidic environments

Green fluorescent proteins (GFPs) have become powerful markers for numerous biological studies due to their robust fluorescence properties, site-specific labeling, pH sensitivity, and mutations for multiple-site labeling. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) studies have indicated that fluorescence blinking of anionic GFP mutants takes place on a time scale of 45−300 ms, depending on pH, and have been attributed to external proton transfer. Here we present experimental evidence indicating that conformational change in the protein β-barrel is a determining step for the external protonation of GFP−S65T (at low pH) using time-resolved fluorescence and polarization anisotropy measurements. While the average anionic fluorescence lifetime of GFP−S65T is reduced by ∼18% over a pH range of 3.6−10.0, the fluorescence polarization anisotropy decays mostly as a single exponential with a rotational time of φ = 17 ± 1 ns, which indicates an intact β-barrel with a hydrodynamic volume of 78 ± 5 nm3. In contrast, ...
Solution-Verified Reliability Analysis and Design of Compliant Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems

An important component of verification and validation of computational models is solution verification, which focuses on the convergence of the desired solution quantities as one refines the spatial and temporal discretizations and iterative controls. Uncertainty analyses often treat solution verification as a separate issue, hopefully through the use of a priori grid convergence studies and selection of models with acceptable discretization errors. In this paper, a tighter connection between solution verification and uncertainty quantification is investigated. In particular, error estimation techniques, using global norm and quantity of interest error estimators, are applied to the nonlinear structural analysis of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Two primary approaches for uncertainty quantification are then developed: an error-corrected approach, in which simulation results are directly corrected for discretization errors, and an error-controlled approach, in which estimators are used to drive adaptive h-refinement of mesh discretizations. The former requires quantity of interest error estimates that are quantitatively accurate, whereas the latter can employ any estimator that is qualitatively accurate. Combinations of these error-corrected and error-controlled approaches are also explored. Each of these techniques treats solution verification and uncertainty analysis as a coupled problem, recognizing that the simulation errors may be influenced by, for example, conditions present in the tails of input probability distributions. The most effective and affordable of these approaches are carried forward in probabilistic design studies for robust and reliable operation of a bistable MEMS device. Computational results show that on-line and parameter-adaptive solution verification can lead to uncertainty quantification and design under uncertainty studies that are more accurate, efficient, reliable, and convenient.
Technical Communication Teachers as Mentors in the Classroom: Extending an Invitation to Students

In this article, we argue that mentoring of technical communication students must occur within the classroom. In our survey of students, we found that most students felt they had not been mentored. In our ethnography, we found that although students could define the term “mentor”, many were conflicted about its value. This confusion made students less likely to seek out or recognize mentoring opportunities. Students recognized mentoring practices that teachers implemented; however, they did not necessarily identify those practices as “mentoring”. We conclude that confusion arose from students' ambiguous views about mentoring and the lack of standard mentoring practices in the humanities. Therefore, teachers who intend to mentor in the classroom must (a) be more explicit in implementing elements that distinguish mentoring from teaching (e.g., intent and involvement), (b) extend an invitation to students to be mentored, and (c) help students develop a professional identity.
Character Motivations in the Representation of Mental Health Professionals in Popular Film

A narrative approach to studying media that focuses on character motivations represented in film is presented. A content analysis identified the motivations of 58 mental health professional characters represented in popular films (1990–1999). These characters were most commonly motivated by money, power, or a concern for others. Characters motivated by love/lust or self-healing were less common. Young female characters were more strongly motivated by love than other characters. Those characters motivated by a concern for others also tended to be motivated by a need for self-healing but not by a need for power. The distortions and insights of cinematic depictions of mental health professionals' motivations are considered. The implications of a narrative approach for future audience response media research are also discussed.
A comparative theoretical study of uranyl silicate complexes

Extensive ab initio calculations have been carried out to study the equilibrium structure, vibrational frequencies, and bonding characteristics of various uranyl (UO 2þ 2 ) and uranyl silicate complexes (UO2SiO4H2 and UO2Si2O7H4). The geometry optimization and calculated vibrational frequencies are discussed and compared to experiment. We have found two types of bridged structures for uranyl silicates consistent with the EXAFS study of U(VI) sorption onto silica gel, which revealed two different bridged structures at different U loadings. 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Resolution of N-Acyl Amino Acids with Optically Active Neutral Amino Acid Amides

A convenient method of chemical resolution of DL-N-acyl amino acids was described. The resolution by using salt of N-acyl derivatives with a certain simple base, especially L-leucin-amide, was discussed. A new agent, L-leucinamide, readily gave L-alanine, L-valine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L-methionine from the corresponding DL-N-acyl derivatives. Resolution done with L-tyrosinamide and L-phenylaninamide gave products lower in yield and purity than those resolved with L-leucinamide as resolving agent.
Custom Holdings Per Chance

In custom holdings documentation, OCLC provides little guidance with regard to holdings path size and performance with bibliographic records in the database. This article, by use of the binomial distribution theorem, shows the reader how to predict the performance of any size custom holdings path with any bibliographic record in the database. Included are charts of approximated probabilities based on the number of three-character OCLC symbols in custom holdings paths and the number of holdings attached to OCLC bibliographic records. In addition, in conjunction with binomial distribution, a strategy to enhance the performance of any custom holding path is presented.
Ratio of TO- to LA-phonon assisted luminescence intensities from the exciton and electron-hole condensate in Ge

Abstract The ratio of TO- to LA-phonon assisted luminescence intensities from the exciton and electron-hole condensate is measured as a function of temperature in Ge. A temperature dependence in the exciton ratio, due to a splitting of the exciton ground state, is observed. The condensate ratio is independent of temperature and is equal to the high temperature limit of the exciton ratio.
Inferring gender of movie reviewers: exploiting writing style, content and metadata

Despite differences in the way that men and women experience goods and communicate their perspectives, online review communities typically do not provide participants' gender. We propose to infer author gender, given a set of reviews of a particular item, and experiment on reviews posted at the Internet Movie Database (IMDb). Using logistic regression, we explore the contribution of three types of information: 1) style, 2) content, and 3) metadata (e.g. review age, social feedback). Our results concur with previous research, in that there are salient differences in writing style and content between reviews authored by men versus women. However, in comparison to literary or scientific texts, to which classification tasks are often applied, reviews are brief and occur within the context of an ongoing discourse. Therefore, to compensative for the brevity of reviews, content and stylistic features can be augmented with metadata. We find in particular that the perceived utility of a review is an important correlate of gender. The model incorporating all features has a classification accuracy of 73.7% and is not as sensitive to review length as are those based only on stylistic or content features.
Experience with Platinum–Paclitaxel Chemotherapy in the Initial Management of Papillary Serous Carcinoma of the Peritoneum

Abstract Objective. The objective of this study was to assess the activity and toxicity of combination platinum–paclitaxel chemotherapy in the initial management of patients with papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum (PSCP). Methods. Patients initially treated at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF) for PSCP with platinum–paclitaxel combination chemotherapy regimens were identified and clinical information was abstracted by chart review. Toxicity data, progression-free survival, and overall survival were determined. Results. Thirty-eight patients (36 Stage IIIC and 2 Stage IV) were identified. All chemotherapy was administered as outpatient infusions. All patients received paclitaxel (135 or 175 mg/m 2 ) and 12 received cisplatin and 26 carboplatin. Two hundred thirty-two cycles were administered, with only three (1.3%) episodes of grade 3 toxicity and no grade 4 toxicity. Ninety-two percent of patients experienced at least a 50% reduction in their CA-125 levels and 55% experienced a greater than 90% reduction. Median progression-free survival (Kaplan–Meier) was 15 months and median overall survival was 40 months. Survival for optimally debulked patients (median not yet reached with median follow-up of 24 months) was significantly better than for suboptimally debulked patients (median 32.8 months) ( P = 0.012). Conclusion. Platinum–paclitaxel chemotherapy regimens have substantial utility in the initial management of PSCP patients. The toxicity profile is modest. Carboplatin or cisplatin in conjunction with paclitaxel is the current first-line recommended chemotherapy for PSCP.
Measurements of plasma flows in a divertor simulation

Abstract The importance of plasma momentum fluxes in fusion reactor divertor operation is noted. Direct measurements have been made of the momentum flux from magnetized He, Ne, Ar and Kr plasmas onto solid carbon targets oriented normal to the magnetic field, as the target bias was varied between − 50 and + 40 volts. The inferred ion energies are compared with fluid sheath theory. Corrections due to kinetic effects and charge exchange are considered.
The innovation of the interstate highway system

Abstract Strategies used to deploy technological innovations are central determinants of the degree to which those innovations realize their potential effect on social and economic productivity. The U.S. Interstate highway system was a deployment mechanism for the design innovations of high-speed geometric design and the control of highway access. This strategy was defined by rigid uniform minimum standards of facility design, severely constrained alternatives for configuring the network of facilities, and an inflexible and, in some cases, inappropriate institutional structure for constructing facilities. This strategy compromised the realization of productivity improvements available through the deployment of these innovations. This paper explores the origins of this deployment strategy and generalizes to a discussion of deployment strategies for large engineered systems. It shows that each of the Interstate program's provisions derived from traditions of the agency charged with implementing it and from political expedients embraced to enact the program.
Mitogenic and apoptotic actions of epidermal growth factor on neuroblastoma cells are concentration-dependent.

Background. In previous studies we have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF) at concentrations between 50 and 100 ng/mL induced apoptosis in wild-type SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. We hypothesize that this apoptotic event separates EGF-induced neuroblastoma cell growth into a biphasic concentration-dependent process, due to activation of different signaling cascades. Methods. Cells were incubated in concentrations of EGF ranging from 5 to 250 ng/mL for 3 days, and cell proliferation was determined by the MTT assay. Cells incubated with EGF 5, 100, or 250 ng/mL for 17 h were also assayed for apoptosis by DNA laddering. Western immunoblots were performed on whole cell lysates prepared from cells incubated with EGF (5-250 ng/mL) for 17 h. Antibodies against cleaved caspase3, p-AKT, p-GSK-3β, p-BAD, p-RAF, p-ERK, and p-P38 were used as probes. Results. A triphasic, concentration-dependent response was observed following incubation of cells with EGF. Cell proliferation was increased by EGF 5 ng/mL (P < 0.05), decreased by EGF 100 ng/mL, and increased when incubated with EGF 250 ng/mL (P < 0.05). DNA laddering only occurred after treatment with EGF 100 ng/mL. The expressions of p-ERK, p-RAF, p-BAD, and p-GSK-3β were increased at EGF concentrations of 5-10 ng/mL. At 50-100 ng/mL EGF, the expression of cleaved caspase3 was increased. Maximal p-P38 expression was at 50 ng/mL EGF. At EGF concentrations of 150-250 ng/mL, the expressions of p-AKT and p-GSK-3β were elevated. Conclusions. Neuroblastoma cell growth induced by EGF exhibited a triphasic pattern; cell growth was increased at EGF concentrations 5-20 and 150-250 ng/mL, but decreased at 50-100 mg/mL. Apoptosis was induced at 50-100 ng/mL EGF. Each growth phase activated different signaling molecules.
Dose- and time-response of colon carcinogenesis in Fischer-344 rats after a single dose of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine

The purpose of this experiment was to examine the development of colon tumors after the injection of a single dose of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in rats. Male Fischer-344 rats were injected with 0, 10, 30, 100 or 200 mg/kg of DMH dihydrochloride. No tumors were seen after 3 or 5 months at any dose, but were seen after 7 or 9 months. At 9 months, tumors were induced in a dose-dependent manner, with 64.7% of rats receiving the 200 mg/kg dose developing tumors. This study shows that a high incidence of colon tumors can be induced by a single dose of DMH after a 9-month latency period.
Safety of coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention via the radial versus femoral route in patients on uninterrupted oral anticoagulation with warfarin.

Objective To evaluate access site and other bleeding complications associated with radial versus femoral access in patients receiving oral anticoagulation (OAC) with warfarin. Background Patients receiving OAC with warfarin undergoing coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may have OAC continued despite the risk of bleeding. To what extent arterial access site impacts bleeding in such patients is not well studied. Methods Over 6 years, we identified 255 consecutive patients in whom warfarin was continued who underwent coronary angiography with an international normalized ratio >1.8. A total of 97 patients also underwent PCI at the same setting (27% femoral vs 73% radial). The primary outcome was Bleeding Academic Research Consortium bleeds; a secondary end point was frequency of access site complications in the 72 hours post-PCI. Complications were evaluated based on the initial access site attempted. Results Minimal baseline clinical characteristics differences existed between the groups. International normalized ratio was significantly higher in the radial group (2.42 ± 0.67 vs 2.24 ± 0.49, P = .02). Bivalirudin use was greater during radial PCI than femoral (76% vs 42%, P P P = .54) during coronary angiography alone. However, PCI via the femoral artery had significantly more Bleeding Academic Research Consortium bleeding (19.2% vs 1.4%, P = .005) and transfusions (15% vs 0%, P = .004) than via the radial artery. Patients who underwent PCI using radial access were less likely to have any vascular or bleeding complications (1% vs 23%, P = .001). Conclusions Patients who underwent coronary angiography during uninterrupted OAC had similar bleeding rates regardless of access site. However, when PCI was performed, radial access was associated with fewer bleeding and vascular complications than the femoral approach. Condensed Abstract We retrospectively identified 255 consecutive patients on warfarin who underwent coronary angiography, 97 of whom underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention. The data reveal a reduction in Bleeding Academic Research Consortium bleeds (1.6% vs 8.1%, P = .02) with radial versus femoral access. The radial approach was associated with an overall lower rate of any vascular or bleeding complication than the femoral approach during percutaneous coronary intervention (1% vs 23%, P = .001).