cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Correlation Functions for One-Dimensional Quantum Spin Systems: New Results Based on a Rigorous Approach

We present new results on the time‐dependent correlation functions Ξn(t) =4〈Sξ0(t)Sξn〉, ξ=x,y at zero temperature of the one‐dimensional S=1/2 isotropic XY model (h=γ=0) and of the transverse Ising model (TI) at the critical magnetic field (h=γ=1). Both models are characterized by special cases of the Hamiltonian H=−J∑l[(1+γ)SxlSxl+1 +(1−γ)SylSyl+1 +hSzl]. We have derived exact results on the long‐time asymptotic expansions of the autocorrelation functions (ACF’s) Ξ0(t) and on the singularities of their frequency‐dependent Fourier transforms Φξξ0(ω). We have also determined the latter functions by high‐precision numerical calculations. The functions Φξξ0(ω), ξ=x,y have singularities at the infinite sequence of frequencies ω=mω0, m=0, 1, 2, 3, ... where ω0=J for the XY model and ω0=2J for the TI model. In both models the singularities in Φxx0 (ω) for m=0, 1 are divergent, whereas the nonanalyticities at higher frequencies become increasingly weaker. We point out that the nonanalyticities at ω≠0 are intrins...
Chemoautotrophic nitrification in acidic forest soils along an urban-to-rural transect.

We studied N-mineralization and nitrification in oak forest soils along a 130 km urban-to-rural transect in the New York City metropolitan area. We found most urban and suburban stands had a substantial amount of extractable soil nitrate from July to December 1996, but nitrate pools in the rural stands were negligible. Lab incubations showed that urban and suburban soils nitrified rapidly, but the rural soils did not. Although soil pH was acidic in all stands, nitrification was totally inhibited by acetylene, indicating control of this process by chemoautotrophic rather than by heterotrophic microbes. When we amended soils with NH4+ or P, or raised their pH, nitrification in rural soils was not stimulated, nor was it further elevated in urban soils. Raising pH did, however, increase NH4+ production in all soils. We hypothesize that exotic earthworms, which are present in the urban and suburban stands but not in the rural stands, may create soil conditions that favor autotrophic nitrifiers.
Problems in Egg Weighing in Relation to Production

Abstract The poultry breeding industry of the United States has arrived at the stage when number of eggs produced per bird is not an adequate criterion to determine the worth of a particular bird as a breeder. The size of her eggs is a very important matter both from the standpoint of producing eggs of the greatest marketable value and from the biological standpoint of breeding value. It is an established fact that a pullet or a hen lays a characteristic size of egg. From the standpoint of the inheritance of egg size, the observations of Benjamin (1920) and Hurst (1921) point to the conclusion that small size is dominant to large size. To whatever extent this conclusion is justified as the result of further research, it becomes apparent that every consideration should be given to the selection as breeders of females that lay eggs averaging standard weight, two ounces per . . .
The expression of intracisternal A particle genes in the preimplantation mouse embryo.

Abstract Intracisternal A particles (IAP), murine endogenous retrovirus, make up 0.3% of the mouse genome. They are expressed in some normal tissues, certain transformed cell lines, and show stage-specific patterns of expression in early embryos. We have used peptide-specific antisera and the polymerase chain reaction to explore type-specific expression of these IAP during preimplantation development. In this paper we show that the IAP core protein, p73, characteristic of type I IAP, is present throughout preimplantation development while the gag-pol fusion protein p120, characteristic of the variant type IΔ1, is synthesized and expressed only from the 8-cell stage onward. Type I IAP RNA is present at all stages and appearance of p120 at the 8-cell stage could represent new transcription or translation from a preexisting IΔ1 message. The presence of type II IAP RNA varies according to stage, with two sizes of type II transcripts present at all stages except the 2-cell stage at which time only the smaller of the two transcripts can be detected. The reappearance of the larger type II transcript subsequent to the 2-cell stage implies new transcription of this type II subspecies. The presence of type I, II, and p73 in the unfertilized egg strongly suggests maternal inheritance from the oocyte.
MOVING PICTURES OF DNA RELEASED UPON LYSIS FROM BACTERIA, CHLOROPLASTS, AND MITOCHONDRIA

Cells and organelles suspended in gelled agarose agarose were lysed with detergent and protease, stained with ethidium bromide and their DNA was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The migration of individual DNA molecules during electrophoresis on a microscope slide was recorded on video tape so that moving pictures could be analyzed. The DNA from lysed bacteria (Escherichia coli andAgrobacterium tumefaciens) appeared as a rosette of at least twenty loops of varying size, whereas that from bacterial spheroplasts (E. coli andPseudomonas aeruginosa) appeared as circular forms or rods with many fine filaments of RNA extending toward the anode. The DNA from chloroplasts of watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) and pea (Pisum sativum) did not appear as a rosette of loops. Many or most of the chloroplast DNA molecules per lysed chloroplast were immobile in the electric field, as if in circular form hooked on agarose fibers. The amount of DNA-fluorescence per watermelon mitochondrial particle was much less than that found for either chloroplasts or bacteria. The appearance of the mitochondrial DNA during electrophoresis was that of linear molecules, no obviously circular forms were evident and no rosette structures were observed.
One-pot refolding of core histones from bacterial inclusion bodies allows rapid reconstitution of histone octamer

We report an optimized method to purify and reconstitute histone octamer, which utilizes high expression of histones in inclusion bodies but eliminates the time consuming steps of individual histone purification. In the newly modified protocol, Xenopus laevis H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 are expressed individually into inclusion bodies of bacteria, which are subsequently mixed together and denatured in 8M guanidine hydrochloride. Histones are refolded and reconstituted into soluble octamer by dialysis against 2M NaCl, and metal-affinity purified through an N-terminal polyhistidine-tag added on the H2A. After cleavage of the polyhistidine-tag, histone octamer is further purified by size exclusion chromatography. We show that the nucleosomes reconstituted using the purified histone octamer above are fully functional. They serve as effective substrates for the histone methyltransferases DOT1L and MLL1. Small angle X-ray scattering further confirms that the reconstituted nucleosomes have correct structural integration of histone octamer and DNA as observed in the X-ray crystal structure. Our new protocol enables rapid reconstitution of histone octamer with an optimal yield. We expect this simplified approach to facilitate research using recombinant nucleosomes in vitro.
Atomic structure of Au-Pd bimetallic alloyed nanoparticles.

Using a two-step seed-mediated growth method, we synthesized bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) having a gold octahedron core and a palladium epitaxial shell with controlled Pd-shell thickness. The mismatch-release mechanism between the Au core and Pd shell of the NPs was systematically investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. In the NPs coated with a single atomic layer of Pd, the strain between the surface Pd layer and the Au core is released by Shockley partial dislocations (SPDs) accompanied by the formation of stacking faults. For NPs coated with more Pd (>2 nm), the stacking faults still exist, but no SPDs are found. This may be due to the diffusion of Au atoms into the Pd shell layers to eliminate the SPDs. At the same time, a long-range ordered L11 AuPd alloy phase has been identified in the interface area, supporting the assumption of the diffusion of Au into Pd to release the interface mismatch. With increasing numbers of Pd shell layers, the shape of the Au−Pd NP changes, s...
PITUITARY TUMOR WITH GYNECOMASTIA AND LACTATION

It has been known for some time that secretion may be present in Igynecomastia. However, there are few references in the literature to actual observation of a fluid, either flowing spontaneously or by expression, from the male breast. In some cases the secretion is watery clear or yellow; in others it is a mucinous or a fatty liquid material. In a few cases a “milky fluid” has been found. One such case has been reported in which the patient had a pituitary tumor and acromegaly (1); gynecomastia was not present but the nipples projected and a milky fluid could be expressed by moderate pressure. The second case of gynecomastia with lactation was associated with adrenocortical tumor (2). In the third case no pathologic condition could be demonstrated in the pituitary, the adrenals, or the testes, but the striking feature was bilateral gynecomastia with persistent lactation (3).
A study of alleged intercoronary reflexes following coronary occlusion.

Abstract Flow was measured in the anterior descendens or right coronary artery of dogs before and after occlusion of an adjacent coronary artery. Of the ten experiments conducted under either morphine-sodium barbital or morphinechloralose anesthesia only two experiments showed a reduction in flow which could be attributed to coronary vasoconstriction and four experiments showed an increase in coronary flow. Analysis of these results and data from studies on myocardial electrical activity and on the mechanism of initiation and prevention of ventricular fibrillation fail to provide acceptable evidence for the interpretation that the greater mortality rate of unanesthetized dogs following coronary occlusion is due to a reflex coronary vasoconstriction. The favorable effects of anesthesia, drugs, and operative procedures on survival after coronary occlusion are better explained by their action on the excitability of the myocardium.
Random Number Generation from Right‐Skewed, Symmetric, and Left‐Skewed Distributions

Monte Carlo simulations have become a mainstream technique for environmental and technical risk assessments. Because their results are dependent on the quality of the involved input distributions, it is important to identify distributions that are flexible enough to model all relevant data yet efficient enough to allow thousands of evaluations necessary in a typical simulation analysis. It has been shown in recent years that the S-distribution provides accurate representations for frequency data that are symmetric or skewed to either side. This flexibility makes the S-distribution an ideal candidate for Monte Carlo analyses. To use the distribution effectively, methods must be available for drawing S-distributed random numbers. Such a method is proposed here. It is shown that S-distributed random numbers can be efficiently generated from a simple algebraic formula whose coefficients are tabulated. The method is shown step by step and illustrated with a detailed example. (The tables are accessible in electronic form in the FTP parent directory at http:@www.musc.edu/voiteo/ftp/.)
Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy - Laboratory tests of field widened, multiple order, and vacuum ultraviolet systems

We describe a new instrumental technique for interference spectroscopy, Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (SHS), which promises to extend into the FUV (1200 A - 2000 A) spectral region the large throughput advantage at high spectral resolution usually associated with Fabry-Perot and Michelson interferometers. In addition, SHS systems are compact in size, can be field-widened to increase their throughput advantage even further, and have no moving parts. SHS appears to be well suited for high resolution, space-based spectroscopy of faint interstellar emission lines in the FUV. In this paper we review the first proof-of-concept laboratory demonstrations of a field widened SHS configuration and a multiple order SHS system, which extends the spectral range of the basic device and present new results of SHS performance in the VUV. The design of an SHS system capable of obtaining velocity resolved spectra of the CIV 1550 doublet from the interstellar medium is also discussed.
Percutaneous sheath cardiac catheterization.

Abstract The feasibility and safety of percutaneous venous and arterial catheterization in infants and children was investigated prospectively from July 1, 1970 to July 1, 1971. Femoral vessel catheterization using an indwelling sheath was performed in 565 of 582 consecutive procedures attempted. The percutaneous technique was unsuccessful and a venous cutdown procedure required in 17 patients, a failure rate of 3 percent. Prior percutaneous procedures had been performed in 71 patients and, in most instances, the same vessels were used for the repeat catheterizations. Percutaneous retrograde arterial catheterization was attempted and accomplished in 260 patients. Left heart catheterization was achieved by passage of the venous catheter through a foramen ovale, atrial septal defect or ventricular septal defect in 229 of the 565 percutaneous venous prograde studies. A diminished arterial pulse was noted immediately after the procedure in 16 of the 260 patients who underwent retrograde arterial catheterization. Twelve of these 16 patients weighed less than 15 kg. The pulse remained diminished in only 3 of these 16 patients 3 to 6 months later. Advantages of percutaneous sheath cardiac catheterization include the ability to use the same vessel for repeat studies, the small incidence of arterial complications, the ease of making many changes in catheter as well as the ability to use any type of catheter. In addition, there is a greater chance of entering the left side of the heart with a prograde femoral venous catheter which, in many patients, may avoid performance of a retrograde arterial procedure.
Visual Data Mining in Spatial Interaction Analysis with Self-Organizing Maps

Given that many spatial interaction (SI) systems are often constituted in large databases with high thematic dimensionality, data complexity reduction tasks are essential. The opportunity exists for researchers to examine the formation of different types of SIs as well as their interdependencies by exploring the patterns embedded in the data. To circumvent the limitations of existing methods of flow data compression and visual exploration, we propose an integrated computational and visual approach, known as VISIDAMIN, for handling both SI data projection and SI data quantization at once. The computational method of self-organizing maps serves as the data mining engine in this process. Using a large domestic air travel dataset as a case study, we examine how the characteristics of the air transport system interact with the SI system to create relationships and structures within the US domestic airline market.
Automating the database schema evolution process

Supporting database schema evolution represents a long-standing challenge of practical and theoretical importance for modern information systems. In this paper, we describe techniques and systems for automating the critical tasks of migrating the database and rewriting the legacy applications. In addition to labor saving, the benefits delivered by these advances are many and include reliable prediction of outcome, minimization of downtime, system-produced documentation, and support for archiving, historical queries, and provenance. The PRISM/PRISM++ system delivers these benefits, by solving the difficult problem of automating the migration of databases and the rewriting of queries and updates. In this paper, we present the PRISM/PRISM++ system and the novel technology that made it possible. In particular, we focus on the difficult and previously unsolved problem of supporting legacy queries and updates under schema and integrity constraints evolution. The PRISM/PRISM++ approach consists in providing the users with a set of SQL-based Schema Modification Operators (SMOs), which describe how the tables in the old schema are modified into those in the new schema. In order to support updates, SMOs are extended with integrity constraints modification operators. By using recent results on schema mapping, the paper (i) characterizes the impact on integrity constraints of structural schema changes, (ii) devises representations that enable the rewriting of updates, and (iii) develop a unified approach for query and update rewriting under constraints. We complement the system with two novel tools: the first automatically collects and provides statistics on schema evolution histories, whereas the second derives equivalent sequences of SMOs from the migration scripts that were used for schema upgrades. These tools were used to produce an extensive testbed containing 15 evolution histories of scientific databases and web information systems, providing over 100 years of aggregate evolution histories and almost 2,000 schema evolution steps.
TH‐D‐BRB‐03: The Application of a Novel Three Dimensional Dosimetry System to the Acquisition of Commissioning Data of Small Photon Fields

Purpose: To investigate the application of a radiochromic plastic 3D dosimeter to the measurement of commissioning data in radiosurgery fields. Method and Materials: In order to measure total scatter factors, a single cylinder of a radiochromic plastic (PRESAGE) was irradiated with five different radiosurgery fields uniformly spaced in a circular geometry. These square fields were delivered with a Novalis Tx system equipped with a high definition multileaf collimator (HDMLC) and ranged from 40 mm to 5 mm. The radiation‐induced change in optical density within the dosimeter was digitized using a first generation laser based optical CT system. Additionally, a cylinder of PRESAGE was irradiated in a water bath with one 10 mm beam to measure percent depth dose. This dosimeter was digitized using a novel in‐house high‐resolution CCD based optical CT system. Gafchromic EBT film was used to validate the assumption of negligible cross‐field scatter associated with the combined field geometry. It also served as an independent check of all PRESAGE measurements. Results: The total scatter factor measurements made with PRESAGE agreed with radiosurgery mini‐ion chamber commissioning measurements with a percent error of less than 3.2% for 30, 20, and 5 mm fields. The percent error for the 10 mm field was 5.5%. The scatter measurements made with radiochromic film confirmed the validity of the combined field geometry and agreed with the commissioning data within 2%. PDD measurements showed good agreement with the high‐resolution diode commissioning measurements with a competitive level of resolution. Conclusion: The PRESAGE and optical CT dosimetrysystem presents a new approach for the commissioning of radiosurgery fields, with many advantages. These include high‐resolution 3D beam data measured with energy, dose rate, and directional independence, as well as a reduction in placement and volume averaging errors.
A core based curriculum for a master's degree

The recently proposed curricula for a master's degree present problems for a department with limited resources. This paper discusses the proposed curricula, their goals and problems, and then presents a new curriculum based upon a set of core courses. The new curriculum simultaneously satisfies two of the proposed curricula, yet imposes lower demands upon the department's resources.
Security risk assessment in electronic data processing systems

Concern for the safety of a data processing facility and the data within it should result in the selection of such security measures, including insurance, as are appropriate to bringing the risk within tolerable limits at the lowest cost. These security measures should be selected on the basis of the benefit/cost relationships which they afford. This, in turn, requires a quantification of the potential benefits afforded by each security measure or group of measures for comparison with the cost. Because the benefit afforded by the security measure is lessening or elimination of security problems, which is risk reduction, we must be able to quantify the risk so as to measure the benefit afforded by its elimination or diminution. A workable procedure for doing this is described.
Charge transfer associated with temperature gradients in ice crystals grown in a diffusion chamber

Ice needles were grown from the vapour on extremely fine quartz fibres situated inside a diffusion chamber. When temperature gradients were applied to the needles charge was separated within them; the colder end became positively charged and the warmer negatively charged. the magnitude of the charge separation was determined by measuring the deflection of the needles in a weak electric field and was in approximate agreement with Mason's equations. Measurement was made of the charge acquired by an ice needle when it was momentarily touched against a dendrite inside the diffusion chamber. When the needle was warmer than the dendrite it acquired negative charge, and when it was colder it acquired a positive charge. the magnitude of the charge transfer was explicable approximately in terms of Mason's equations.
Electron microscopic investigation of prismatic slip in Mg-10.5 at.% Li single crystals

Abstract Mg-10.5 at. % Li alloy single crystals oriented for prismatic slip (1010)[1210] were deformed in tension at 4.2, 77, 198 and 298°K. Slip markings and dislocation structures were studied by transmission electron microscopy. When the crystal was deformed at 77°K, dislocations were predominantly in screw orientation and many small randomly located dislocation loops were present with Burgers vector = a 3[ 1 2 1 0] . The loops are thought to arise by a cross slip mechanism. The screw dislocations are helical presumably from annealing of point defects to the screws after deformation. Tension at 298°K resulted in a cell structure consisting of dislocations and small loops. The surface slip markings became coarser as the test temperature was lowered.
The impact of soot on the combustion characteristics of coal particles of various types

The products of coal devolatilization are radically transformed by secondary pyrolysis after they are expelled into hot gases until only H2, C2H2, CO, CO2, H2O and soot remain. The coal combustion model developed in this article represents the limiting scenario of infinitely fast secondary pyrolysis followed by combustion of gaseous fuels and soot in flame sheets, either on or around individual coal particles. Soot and gases from different coal types are distinguished by different evolution rates, elemental compositions, and transport properties. Thermophoresis and radiation are accounted for in the transport analysis. This study also develops separate limiting behavior for instantaneous soot oxidation in envelope flames and for frozen soot oxidation chemistry. Comparisons among predicted and observed flame lifetimes and maximum flame standoffs select the most realistic modeling scenarios. Radiation from soot into the surroundings dictates the overall impact of secondary pyrolysis on macroscopic combustion characteristics. Soot is almost 1000 times more efficient than its host particle in radiating energy, and dissipates up to 90% of the radiation during the initial stages of combustion. Soot radiation cools flame temperatures by up to 300 K, reducing the differences among flame temperatures for diverse coal types in 8% O2 to only 100 K around 2200 K. At such temperatures, water/gas shift equilibrium determines the distribution of combustion products, and the energy carried away by intermediates becomes negligible. For envelope flames around 100 μm particles of all coal types, about 60% of the heat of combustion is fedback to the particle, and one-third is conducted or radiated into the surroundings. But for attached flames on smaller particles more than 90% is retained by the particle.
Ganglioside agglutination immunoassay for rapid detection of autoantibodies in immunehmediated neuropathy

Elevated levels of serum autoantibodies directed against gangliosides are closely associated with acute and chronic autoimmune neuropathies. An agglutination immunoassay using polystyrene microparticles coated with a total extract of brain gangliosides was used to test patient sera for the presence of antihganglioside antibodies. Results were compared with those obtained by ELISA for antihGM1 and antihGQ1b ganglioside antibodies. Eight of the twelve sera from patients with multifocal motor neuropathy and seven of the thirteen sera from patients with GuillainhBarre syndrome were positive for the presence of antihganglioside antibodies by the ganglioside agglutination immunoassay. The assay compared favorably with the ELISA system in sensitivity and specificity, while requiring a fraction of the time and cost to perform. The new assay can serve as a rapid and effective method for detecting or screening for antihganglioside antibodies in patients with acute or chronic immunehmediated neuropathies. It would be particularly useful for detecting antibodies that react with multiple gangliosides, or with minor or as yet uncharacterized gangliosides. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 15:96–99, 2001. © 2001 WileyhLiss, Inc.
Testing methods for developmental neurotoxicity of environmental chemicals.

Abstract Human brain development is slow and delicate, involving many unique, though interrelated, cellular events. The fetus and child are often more susceptible to chemical toxins that alter the structure and/or function of the brain, although susceptibility varies for individual neurotoxicants. Early exposure to neurotoxins has been implicated in neurological diseases and mental retardation. Pesticide exposures pose a particular concern since many are designed to be neurotoxic to pests and can also affect humans. Acknowledging the potential for vulnerability of the developing brain, EPA recently began to “call in” data on developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) from manufacturers of pesticides already registered and considered to be neurotoxic—around 140 pesticides. Chemicals are to be tested following the DNT testing guideline (OPPTS 870.6300). This paper assesses whether tests performed according to this guideline can effectively identify developmental neurotoxicants. We found the testing guideline deficient in several respects, including: It is not always triggered appropriately within the current tiered system for testing; It does not expose developing animals during all critical periods of vulnerability; It does not assess effects that may become evident later in life; It does not include methodology for consideration of pharmacokinetic variables; Methodology for assessment of neurobehavioral, neuropathological, and morphometry is highly variable; Testing of neurochemical changes is limited and not always required. We propose modifications to the EPA testing guideline that would improve its adequacy for assessing and predicting risks to infants and children. This paper emphasizes that deficiencies in the testing methodology for developmental neurotoxicants represent a significant gap and increase the uncertainty in the establishment of safe levels of exposure to developing individuals.
Discriminative stimulus effects of 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane in rhesus monkeys: antagonism and apparent pA2 analyses.

Discriminative stimulus effects of the serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM) have been studied in rats and, more recently, in rhesus monkeys. This study examined DOM, 2,5-dimethoxy-4-(n)-propylthiophenethylamine (2C-T-7), and dipropyltryptamine hydrochloride (DPT) alone and in combination with three antagonists, MDL100907 [(±)2,3-dimethoxyphenyl-1-[2-(4-piperidine)-methanol]], ketanserin [3-[2-[4-(4-fluorobenzoyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-1H-quinazoline-2,4-dione], and ritanserin [6-[2-[4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methylidene]piperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-7-methyl-[1,3]thiazolo[2,3-b]pyrimidin-5-one], to identify the 5-HT receptor subtype(s) that mediates the discriminative stimulus effects of these 5-HT receptor agonists. Four adult rhesus monkeys discriminated between 0.32 mg/kg s.c. DOM and vehicle while responding under a fixed ratio 5 schedule of stimulus shock termination. DOM, 2C-T-7, and DPT dose-dependently increased responding on the DOM-associated lever. MDL100907 (0.001-0.01 mg/kg), ketanserin (0.01-0.1 mg/kg), and ritanserin (0.01-0.1 mg/kg) each shifted the dose-response curves of DOM, 2C-T-7, and DPT rightward in a parallel manner. Schild analysis of each drug combination was consistent with a simple, competitive, and reversible interaction. Similar apparent affinity (pA2) values were obtained for MDL100907 in combination with DOM (8.61), 2C-T-7 (8.58), or DPT (8.50), for ketanserin with DOM (7.67), 2C-T-7 (7.75), or DPT (7.71), and for ritanserin with DOM (7.65), 2C-T-7 (7.75), or DPT (7.65). Potency of antagonists in this study was correlated with binding affinity at 5-HT2A receptors and not at 5-HT2C or α1 adrenergic receptors. This study used Schild analysis to examine receptor mechanisms mediating the discriminative stimulus effects of hallucinogenic drugs acting at 5-HT receptors; results provide quantitative evidence for the predominant, if not exclusive, role of 5-HT2A receptors in the discriminative stimulus effects of DOM, 2C-T-7, and DPT in rhesus monkeys.
Radiative and Auger de-excitation of hollow argon atoms

We report here on extensive calculations of radiative and autoionization transition rates, x-ray wavelengths and fluorescence yields of hollow argon atoms with configurations with m = 0 - 2 and n = 1 - 6. The calculations have been performed in the intermediate coupling scheme using the multiconfiguration Hartree - Fock atomic model.
Metabolism of naphthalene and 1-naphthol by enzyme preparations from the housefly, Musca domestica☆

Abstract Both naphthalene and 1-naphthol are metabolized by the mixed function oxidase system of housefly microsomes. The biochemical characteristics of naphthalene metabolism parallel those of the N - and O -demethylation reactions studied previously. 1-Naphthol metabolism, on the other hand, deviates from the trends seen with the other two substrates, as some of the 1-naphthol is metabolized by a microsomal enzyme system not associated with the mixed function oxidases, and a considerable amount is lost on incubation with other cell fractions. 1-Naphthol is an inhibitor of both naphthalene hydroxylation and p -nitroanisole demethylation by microsomes. Examination of the kinetics of this reaction show inhibition of the mixed inhibitor type. Inhibition constants as well as I 50 values indicate that both hydroxylation and O -demethylation are equally susceptible to 1-naphthol inhibition.
Subject metadata from the other side. Sponsored by SIG CR

Professional indexers are often preferred for creating high quality subject metadata because of their expert knowledge (Weinheimer, 2000), but they are costly and limited in availability (Griffin & Thomas, 1999). This fact, together with the continued rapid growth of the World Wide Web (web), have encouraged other classes of persons' to be involved in subject metadata production (Lynch, 1997). Precedent exists in the print environment where authors contribute subject keywords and abstracts to scientific and scholarly publications, which are then used in commercial information systems. Can authors create good quality subject metadata for web-based digital resources? What other classes of persons, without professional training, might assign subject metadata to digital resources? What tools are there to assist non-professionals in producing subject metadata? This panel examines these questions. Specific topics addressed include the creation of subject metadata by government employees and research scientists who have subject expertise but no professional training in metadata creation, implicit subject metadata found on a sample of webpages documenting Central America, and an overview of FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology), a tool that makes Library of Congress Subject Headings' (LCSH) rich vocabulary easier to understand and use.
Bio-Inspired Wide-Angle Broad-Spectrum Cylindrical Lens Based on Reflections from Micro-Mirror Array on a Cylindrical Elastomeric Membrane

We present a wide-angle, broad-spectrum cylindrical lens based on reflections from an array of three-dimensional, high-aspect-ratio micro-mirrors fabricated on a cylindrical elastomeric substrate, functionally inspired by natural reflecting superposition compound eyes. Our device can perform one-dimensional focusing and beam-shaping comparable to conventional refraction-based cylindrical lenses, while avoiding chromatic aberration. The focal length of our cylindrical lens is 1.035 mm, suitable for micro-optical systems. Moreover, it demonstrates a wide field of view of 152° without distortion, as well as modest spherical aberrations. Our work could be applied to diverse applications including laser diode collimation, barcode scanning, holography, digital projection display, microlens arrays, and optical microscopy.
Pavlovian conditioning of shock-induced suppression of lymphocyte reactivity: Acquisition, extinction, and preexposure effects.

Recent research has indicated that physical stressors, such as electric shock, can suppress immune function in rats. The present study investigated whether a nonaversive stimulus that had been associated with electric shock would also impair immune function. Presentation of that conditioned stimulus (CS) by itself produced a pronounced suppression of lymphocyte proliferation in response to the nonspecific mitogens, Concanavalin-A (ConA) and Phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In further evidence of a conditioning effect, the suppression was attenuated by extinction and preexposure manipulations that degraded the associative value of the CS. These results indicate that a psychological or learned stressor can suppress immune reactivity independently of the direct effect of physically aversive stimulation or of ancillary changes in dietary and health-related habits.
Does Outcome Favorability Affect Procedural Fairness as a Result of Self-Serving Attributions?

In a situation indicating possible pseudo-participation, we examined whether outcome favorability affects perceived procedural fairness and resentment as a result of self-serving attributions for outcomes. Laboratory participants received a production target that was either substantially above (i.e., unfavorable outcome) or substantially below (i.e., favorable outcome) a target they had voiced to a supervisor. As hypothesized, outcome favorability was related to procedural fairness (positively) and resentment (negatively) among participants who lacked persuasive evidence of pseudo-participation. In support of the idea that these effects were a result of self-serving attributions, rather than instrumental concerns, they did not emerge among participants who had persuasive evidence of pseudo-participation.
AH-SIFT: Augmented Histogram based SIFT descriptor

We propose Augmented Histogram (AH), a conceptually novel and systematic approach to enhancing the representational power of histogram-based local image descriptors such as SIFT. Our method takes a simple form that augments the histogram of local image patch features with a set of circular means and variances. We show that such augmentation is a natural result of modeling the distribution of local image patch features by a mixture of circular normal distributions learned through the expectation maximization algorithm. We show that the histogram is a degenerate case of this modeling. Extensive experiments indicate that our proposed AH-SIFT descriptor outperforms the original SIFT descriptor on the matching of real-world images that undergo various levels of geometric and photometric transformations, including blurring, zoom/rotation, lighting changes, and viewpoint changes.
NEW METHODS FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ARPDL2I (L = TERTIARY PHOSPHINE) COMPLEXES

Organopalladium ArPdL2I (L = tertiary phosphine) complexes (1) can be synthesized in one step from the precursors Pd2(dba)3·C6H6 (2) (dba = t,t-dibenzylideneacetone) and (η3-allyl)PdCp (3) (Cp = η5-cyclopentadienide). Two advantages over previous synthetic methods are that this route requires only stoichiometric amounts of phosphine and that the desired complexes are easily isolated from reaction byproducts. The scope and generality of these reactions are investigated, and the synthesis of a number of new organic- and water-soluble complexes utilizing this methodology is discussed. Improved syntheses of water-soluble ligands P(C6H5)2(4-SO3KC6H4) (5) and As(C6H5)2(4-SO3KC6H4) (6) are presented as well.
Complex N-Glycans Are Essential, but Core 1 and 2 Mucin O-Glycans, O-Fucose Glycans, and NOTCH1 Are Dispensable, for Mammalian Spermatogenesis

To identify roles in spermatogenesis for major subclasses of N- and O-glycans and Notch signaling, male mice carrying floxed C1galt1, Pofut1, Notch1 or Mgat1 alleles and a testis-specific Cre recombinase transgene were generated. T-synthase (C1GALT1) transfers Gal to generate core 1 and core 2 mucin O-glycans; POFUT1 transfers O-fucose to particular epidermal growth factor-like repeats and is essential for canonical Notch signaling; and MGAT1 (GlcNAcT-I) transfers GlcNAc to initiate hybrid and complex N-glycan synthesis. Cre recombinase transgenes driven by various promoters were investigated, including Stra8-iCre expressed in spermatogonia, Sycp1-Cre expressed in spermatocytes, Prm1-Cre expressed in spermatids, and AMH-Cre expressed in Sertoli cells. All Cre transgenes deleted floxed alleles, but efficiencies varied widely. Stra8-iCre was the most effective, deleting floxed Notch1 and Mgat1 alleles with 100% efficiency and floxed C1galt1 and Pofut1 alleles with ~80% efficiency, based on transmission of deleted alleles. Removal of C1galt1, Pofut1, or Notch1 in spermatogonia had no effect on testicular weight, histology, or fertility. However, males in which the synthesis of complex N-glycans was blocked by deletion of Mgat1 in spermatogonia did not produce sperm. Spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids were generated, but most spermatids formed giant multinucleated cells or symplasts, and apoptosis was increased. Therefore, although core 1 and 2 mucin O-glycans, NOTCH1, POFUT1, O-fucose glycans, and Notch signaling are dispensable, MGAT1 and complex N-glycans are essential for spermatogenesis.
Engendering Nationalism and National Identity through Sports and Education in the Peruvian School System within the Context of Globalization

Peru has experienced an economic boom in the past decade. Poverty level has decreased from 23% in 2002 to 11.5% in 2009. Nonetheless, access to education and job opportunities are still unequal amongst social classes, ethnic groups, and genders. A Peruvian born in the rural highlands is four times more likely to be impoverished, and three times more likely to not complete secondary education, than someone from Lima. These social differences do not contribute to the formation of a cohesive national identity. Therefore, Peruvian identity is at a standstill point between past historical economical debacle, dictators, and terrorism; and the yearning for further economical expansion, social integration, and cultural apogee. Thus, this article analyzes the role of sports development in the process of engendering national identity sentiments in Peruvian education within the context of globalization. The study concludes that the social, political, and economical unrest in Peru has delayed not only the nation’s growth in the global scene but also the development of a cohesive national identity. However, the research supports that physical education and sports activities, under the umbrella of a globalized, integral, multicultural, and inclusive educational environment, can contribute to the further development of a more cohesive Peruvian national identity. Keywords: Peru, national identity, globalization, education, sports development.
Membrane transport in synchronized ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Uptake of amino acids by the a and l system during the cell cycle.

Using the double thymidine block technique. Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (ELD) carried in continuous spinner culture have been synchronized. Simultaneous monitoring of 3H-thymidine incorporation, cell number and mitotic index yielded a cell cycle time of approximately 13.5 hours. This is composed of an S period of 3-4 hours. G2 of 6-8 hours and M of 1-2 hours. No appreciable G1 is present. Ehrlich cells synchronized in this manner were used to investigate the characteristics of two neutral amino acid transport systems during progression through the cell cycle. Unidirectional influx via the Na-dependent system A was studied using C14-alpha-aminoisobutyrate (AIB) as substrate. The Na-independent system L was monitored using 3H-leucine and 14C-cycloleucine as substrates. Transport by the A system was minimal in M and early S. It underwent a three-fold increase during late S and early G2. In mid G2 the transport via this system rapidly dropped and remained low again through M and early S. The intracellular/extracellular ratios of AIB indicate that the system is actively transporting AIB thoughout the cell cycle. The minimum ratios of approximately 3 were achieved during early M and the maximum ratios of approximately 9 were achieved in late S, early G2. The uptake of leucine and cycloleucine by the L system was quite different during the cell cycle. Maximal unidirectional influx by this system occurred during early and mid S period. Upon progression into G2 the transport rate dropped and remained reduced throughout M. Intracellular/extracellular ratios of leucine or cycloleucine were near unity at the peak of the transport activity (early S) and dropped to values of 0.5 to 0.6 throughout the remainder of the cycle. This result indicates that inward transport by the L system is, for the most part, non-active in growing cells.
Interrater agreement in the evaluation of discrepant imaging findings with the Radpeer system.

OBJECTIVE. The Radpeer system is central to the quality assurance process in many radiology practices. Previous studies have shown poor agreement between physicians in the evaluation of their peers. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of the Radpeer scoring system. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A sample of 25 discrepant cases was extracted from our quality assurance database. Images were made anonymous; associated reports and identities of interpreting radiologists were removed. Indications for the studies and descriptions of the discrepancies were provided. Twenty-one subspecialist attending radiologists rated the cases using the Radpeer scoring system. Multirater kappa statistics were used to assess interrater agreement, both with the standard scoring system and with dichotomized scores to reflect the practice of further review for cases rated 3 and 4. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess subspecialist evaluation of cases. RESULTS. Interrater agreement was slight to fair compared with...
An Error Analysis of Relation Extraction in Social Media Documents

Relation extraction in documents allows the detection of how entities being discussed in a document are related to one another (e.g. part-of). This paper presents an analysis of a relation extraction system based on prior work but applied to the J. D. Power and Associates Sentiment Corpus to examine how the system works on documents from a range of social media. The results are examined on three different subsets of the JDPA Corpus, showing that the system performs much worse on documents from certain sources. The proposed explanation is that the features used are more appropriate to text with strong editorial standards than the informal writing style of blogs.
Lethal and Sublethal Effects of an Insect Growth Regulator, Pyriproxyfen, on Obliquebanded Leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

The obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the most destructive pests of tree fruit in Washington. The development of insecticide resistance in C. rosaceana has led us to explore new management tactics. The use of very low doses of insecticides that have strong sublethal effects represents an environmentally friendly option to improve existing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. We tested the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen to determine its lethal and sublethal effects on growth and development of C. rosaceana. A leaf-disk bioassay was used to test seven concentrations of pyriproxyfen ranging from 0 to 30 ppm on fifth-instar C. rosaceana. Male and female larvae were assessed separately for mortality as well as other parameters of growth and development. The LC, values for males and females were 2.4 and 4.8 ppm, respectively. The response to pyriproxyfen was concentration-dependent: only 5-6% of the larvae treated with the highest concentration emerged as morphologically normal adults compared with 86% emergence in the controls. The pupation and adult emergence was significantly delayed at concentrations higher than 1 ppm. The weights of C. rosaceana pupae and adults were significantly increased, whereas fecundity and fertility were significantly reduced at a sublethal concentration of 0.3 ppm. We conclude that both lethal and sublethal effects might exhibit significant impacts on the population dynamics of C. rosaceana in tree fruit orchards treated with low concentrations of pyriproxyfen.
Experiences of College-Age Youths in Families With a Recessive Genetic Condition:

Growing up in a family with a recessive genetic condition can trigger questions about progeny effect. This study explored perceptions of family hardiness and information sharing by 18- to 21-year-olds about genetic risk. Semistructured interviews, the Family Hardiness Index (FHI), and a Family Information Sharing Analog Scale (FISAS) were used. Participants included 11 youths who had relatives with hemophilia and 4 with sickle cell anemia. Findings revealed seven themes: assimilating premature knowledge; caring for others, denying self; cautioning during development; experiencing continual sickness; feeling less than; magnifying transition experiences; and sustaining by faith. There was no significant correlation between total FHI and FISAS. However, there was a statistically significant difference in FISAS between genetic condition variance. Specifically, higher hardiness was found and information sharing correlated among college youths in families with hemophilia. Additional research can lead to nursing...
Patterns of multiple victimization among maltreated children in Navy families

The current study examined the cumulative risk associated with children's exposure to multiple types of parent-inflicted victimization. The sample was comprised of 195 children who were 7 to 17 years old (64.1% female and 48.2% non-White) at the time of referral to the United States Navy's Family Advocacy Program due to allegations of sexual abuse, physical abuse, or parental intimate partner violence. We conducted an exploratory latent class analysis to identify distinct subgroups of children based on lifetime victimization. We hypothesized that at least 2 classes or subgroups would be identified, with 1 characterized by greater victimization and poorer outcomes. Results indicated that 3 classes of children best fit the data: (a) high victimization across all 3 categories, (b) high rates of physical abuse and witnessing intimate partner violence, and (c) high rates of physical abuse only. Findings indicated that the high victimization class was at greatest risk for alcohol and substance use, delinquent behavior, and meeting criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or depression 1 year later (odds ratio = 4.53). These findings highlight the serious mental health needs of a small but significantly high-risk portion of multiply victimized children entering the child welfare system.