cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Restricted meniscus convective self-assembly.

Abstract Convective (or evaporation-induced) self-assembly is a standard technique for depositing uniform, poly-crystalline coatings of nanospheres across multiple square centimeters on the timescale of minutes. In this paper, we present a variation of this technique, where the drying meniscus is restricted by a straight-edge located approximately 100 μm above the substrate adjacent to the drying zone. Surprisingly, we find this technique to yield films at roughly twice the growth rate compared to the standard technique. We attribute this to differing rates of diffusion of vapor from the drying crystal in the two cases. We also investigate the crystal growth rate dependence on ambient relative humidity and find, contrary to some previous reports, that the growth rate depends strongly on the humidity. We introduce a model which indicates that while the length of the drying zone may increase with humidity, this alone cannot compensate for the simultaneous reduction in evaporation rate, so a lower humidity must always lead to a higher growth speed. Comparing the model to our experimental results, we find that the length of the drying zone is constant and mostly independent of parameters such as humidity and surface tension.
Determination of cusp forms on GL(2) by coefficients restricted to quadratic subfields (with an appendix by Dipendra Prasad and Dinakar Ramakrishnan)

Abstract Given E / F a quadratic extension of number fields and a cuspidal representation π of GL 2 ( A E ) , we give a full description of the fibers of the Asai transfer of π. We then determine the extent to which Fourier coefficients defined by integral ideals of F determine the representation π.
Review collagen-based biomaterials for wound healing

With its wide distribution in soft and hard connective tissues, collagen is the most abundant of animal proteins. In vitro, natural collagen can be formed into highly organized, three-dimensional scaffolds that are intrinsically biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic upon exogenous application, and endowed with high tensile strength. These attributes make collagen the material of choice for wound healing and tissue engineering applications. In this article, we review the structure and molecular interactions of collagen in vivo; the recent use of natural collagen in sponges, injectables, films and membranes, dressings, and skin grafts; and the on-going development of synthetic collagen mimetic peptides as pylons to anchor cytoactive agents in wound beds.
‘They Stole Our Land’: Debating the Expropriation of White Farms in Zimbabwe

In Zimbabwe today, Robert Mugabe and his ZANU-PF colleagues are busy expropriating white-owned farms, and claiming the moral high ground while they do so. Indeed, many observers, inside Zimbabwe and elsewhere, take it for granted that, whatever Mugabe's excesses, there is justice in his cause. But is there? This paper examines three moral arguments that Mugabe and his supporters advance to justify their land policies: that the peasants need the land, that the war of liberation was fought for the land, and that Zimbabweans are only taking back land that was originally stolen from them. The last of these arguments, which rests on an implicit entitlement theory of justice, is the strongest, and this essay therefore scrutinises it closely. It argues, however, that despite their emotive appeal, all three arguments are flawed beyond repair. Debunking them should help pave the way for a more sensible and more viable approach to the land question in Zimbabwe.
Bridging the gap: improving clinical development and the regulatory pathways for health products for neglected diseases

Background There has been tremendous progress over the last decade in the development of health products — drugs, vaccines, and diagnostics — for neglected diseases. There are now dozens of candidate products in the pipeline.Purpose Our purpose is to assess challenges that will arise in later-stage clinical development of these candidate health products and propose a strategy that would help bring the costs, risks, and finances for their clinical trials into a better, more sustainable balance.Methods We conducted a literature review of clinical trial-related publications, interviewed individuals sponsoring and conducting interventional clinical trials for neglected diseases, and analyzed data from Clinicaltrials.gov, a clinical trials registry, on neglected disease clinical trials initiating subject recruitment between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2009. We quantified Clinicaltrials.gov data into country-specific participation in clinical trials and aggregated them into geographic regions. We employed ...
Digitalis and the pulmonary circulation.

Abstract In anesthetized dogs, the intravenous injection of acetyl strophanthidin caused a slight decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure which could not be explained by the effect on left atrial pressure. There was a marked decrease in the pulmonary venous flow, which was often accompanied by cardiac slowing and an increase in the calculated pulmonary vascular resistance. The cause of the increased pulmonary resistance is a combination of (a) the passive sive nature due to the decreased blood flow, and (b) local vasoconstriction of the perfused lung. The performance of vagotomy and thoracic sympathectomy, and the intravenous injection of bretylium excluded nervous factors as a cause of the vasoconstriction.
Ethanol dissociates hormone-stimulated cAMP production from inhibition of TNF-α production in rat Kupffer cells

Ethanol impairs hormone-stimulated cAMP production in a number of cell types, yet the effects of ethanol on downstream responses mediated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) are not understood. ...
Route reservation in ad hoc networks: is it a good idea?

In this paper, the performance of two possible switching schemes for ad hoc wireless networks, namely reservation-based (RB) and non-reservation-based (NRB) is investigated. It is shown that route reservation would be the scheme of choice in a scenario where delay is a constraint, the network is dense, and/or nodes move with moderate speed. However, a non-reservation scheme is preferable in a scenario where the network is sparse, there is heavy traffic load, nodes are static, and/or delay is not a major concern.
Public health training in internal medicine residency programs: a national survey.

Background The IOM recommends public health training for all physicians. Data characterizing such training of internal medicine (IM) residents are lacking. Purpose To describe the current state of public health education at IM residency programs, characterize programs offering public health education, and quantify interest in expanding training opportunities. Methods IM residency program directors from the 380 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited residency programs in the U.S were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey. Responses were received from 127 programs (33%). Data were collected July–December 2012 and analyzed in January 2013. Participants were queried on domestic public health training offered, perceived resident interest in and satisfaction with this training, and interest in expanding training. Results Eighty-four respondents (66%) provide some form of public health training, but structure and content vary widely. In many programs offering public health training, few residents ( Conclusions This study characterizes the structures and content of public health training across IM residency programs. The wide range highlights the diverse definition of "public health training" used by IM residency program directors and lack of universal public health competencies required for IM physicians. Opportunities exist for collaboration among residency programs and between IM and public health educators to share best practices.
Magnetic Targeting Enhances Engraftment and Functional Benefit of Iron-Labeled Cardiosphere-Derived Cells in Myocardial Infarction

Rationale: The success of cardiac stem cell therapies is limited by low cell retention, due at least in part to washout via coronary veins. Objective: We sought to counter the efflux of transplanted cells by rendering them magnetically responsive and imposing an external magnetic field on the heart during and immediately after injection. Methods and Results: Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) were labeled with superparamagnetic microspheres (SPMs). In vitro studies revealed that cell viability and function were minimally affected by SPM labeling. SPM-labeled rat CDCs were injected intramyocardially, with and without a superimposed magnet. With magnetic targeting, cells were visibly attracted toward the magnet and accumulated around the ischemic zone. In contrast, the majority of nontargeted cells washed out immediately after injection. Fluorescence imaging revealed more retention of transplanted cells in the heart, and less migration into other organs, in the magnetically targeted group. Quantitative PCR c...
Nursing Students’ Attitudes about Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing

The purpose of this study was to describe Masters entry nursing students’ attitudes about psychiatric mental health clinical experiences; preparedness to care for persons with mental illness; students’ perceived stigmas and stereotypes; and plans to choose mental health nursing as a career. A 31-item survey was administered to pre-licensure graduate nursing students who were recruited from a Masters entry nursing program from a university in a large city in the Midwestern US. Results indicated that clinical experiences provide valuable experiences for nursing practice, however, fewer students think that these experiences prepare them to work as a psychiatric mental health nurse and none plan to pursue careers as psychiatric mental health nurses. The findings support conclusions from other studies that increasing the amount of time in the clinical setting and adding specific content to the curriculum, particularly content related to the importance of psychiatric mental health nursing and the effects of stigma, may assist the profession’s efforts to recruit and retain psychiatric mental health nurses. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of these strategies and to identify the best ways to implement them.
Hyperhomocysteinemia and Oxidative Stress Time for a Reality Check

Oxidative stress due to the production of intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species may be a major player in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and other diseases. Because homocysteine and other thiols have pro-oxidant activity, the oxidant stress hypothesis is frequently invoked to explain the damaging effects of homocysteine on vascular cells and tissues.1 2 However, the underlying mechanisms of homocysteine-induced vascular injury are still largely unknown in subjects with elevated plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels. It is now well established that hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular occlusive disease,3 4 5 yet the question remains: Is homocysteine causal or merely an innocent marker? Several recent studies suggest that mild hyperhomocysteinemia, either basal or transient after a methionine load, can impair endothelial cell function.6 7 8 9 10 11 Because antioxidants were effective in blocking endothelial dysfunction during transient hyperhomocysteinemia, it was suggested that oxidative stress was involved in the mechanism.12 13 14 Additional support for the oxidative stress hypothesis has come from in vitro studies of cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells. However, many of these studies used supraphysiological concentrations (1 to 10 mmol/L) of homocysteine under conditions that, in all likelihood, led to the generation of reactive oxygen species in the absence of in vivo antioxidant defense systems. Homocysteine contains a reactive sulfhydryl group (-SH) and, like most thiols (RSH), can undergo oxidation to the disulfide (RSSR) at physiological pH in the presence of O2: 2 RSH+O2→RSSR+[O2·−]→H2O2 The general reaction is catalyzed by transition metals,15 and a variety of reactive oxygen species can be produced, including superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide.16 17 Examination of the forms of homocysteine …
Optimal flux weakening in surface PM machines using concentrated windings

A design approach is presented for achieving optimal flux weakening operation in surface PM synchronous machines by properly designing the machine's stator windings using concentrated, fractional-slot stator windings. This technique makes it possible to significantly increase the machine inductance in order to achieve the critical condition for providing wide speed ranges of constant-power operation. The conditions for optimal flux weakening can be achieved while simultaneously delivering sinusoidal back-emf waveforms and low cogging torque. A closed-form analytical model is described that can be used to design SPM machines to achieve optimal flux weakening conditions. This technique is applied to design a 6 kW SPM machine that achieves constant-power operation over a wide speed range. Performance characteristics of this machine are compared using both closed-form and finite element analysis.
The Correcting Machine: toward a conversational advisory system for UNIX

The author presents a model of the process of providing corrective explanatory responses to misconceptions made by novice UNIX users. To provide these responses, the advisor must be able to formulate justifications for their own beliefs, and to understand the belief justifications of the user. Both tasks require abstract knowledge about belief justification. This knowledge is represented in a collection of justification patterns that capture knowledge about possible ways to justify different types of plan-oriented beliefs. This approach differs from earlier efforts in two ways. First, its knowledge about belief justification depends only on the abstract planning structure of the different types of beliefs being justified, and not on the specific domain (knowledge about events) or the specific task (arguing or correcting misconceptions). Second, it demonstrates how the same knowledge about belief justification can be used to build a model of the user's belief and to provide an appropriate advisor response. >
Bacteria identification of otitis media with fluorescence spectroscopy.

We have investigated the fluorescence profiles of four common pathogens: S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, M. catarrhalis, and H. influenzae. The steady-state auto fluorescence spectra of bacteria are measured as a function of the incident light from 200 to 700 nm. The spectra for each bacterium are combined into a fluorescence profile or fluorescence finger print. Each bacterium produces a unique in vitro fluorescence profile when measured in a saline suspension. The profiles are reproducible. Suspensions of a bacterial strain, where the identification is not known, can be correctly matched to a small library of previously measured fluorescence profiles using a linear least-squares fitting algorithm. In addition, we have measured the fluorescence and absorption spectrum of the tympanic membrane removed from a chinchilla. The optical properties of the tympanic membrane and the least-squares identification process form precept for a non-invasive, fluorescence based bacterial diagnosis technique to be used in otitis media. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Microhabitat Selection for Nesting and Brood-Rearing by the Greater Sage-Grouse in Xeric Big Sagebrush

Abstract. Understanding selection of breeding habitat is critical to conserving and restoring habitats for the Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), particularly in xeric landscapes (≤25 cm annual precipitation). We monitored radio-marked female sage-grouse in south-central Wyoming in 2008 and 2009 to assess microhabitat use during nesting and brood rearing. For each model we grouped variables into three hypothesis sets on the basis of the weight of support from previous research (a priori information). We used binary logistic regression to compare habitat used by grouse to that at random locations and used an information-theoretic approach to identify the best-supported models. Selection of microhabitat for nests was more positively correlated with mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata vaseyana) than with Wyoming big sagebrush (A. t. wyomingensis) and negatively correlated with cheatgrass. Nesting hens also selected microhabitats with greater litter cover. Microhabitat for brood-rearing...
Compliance with Corporate Policy: An Economic Approach

We consider how corporations respond to public policy mandates with internal compliance policies and enforcement. We suppose that corporate compliance is determined by employees of the firm, whose incentives do not align perfectly with those of the corporation. In response, corporations expend resources to make compliance more likely. They adopt internal compliance policies and enforce these policies by sanctioning employees that violate them. Perfect compliance is unlikely, given imperfect observability of employee behavior. We present a number of laws and regulations with which firms may choose to comply, construct a model of internal compliance, and close with a discussion of different internal compliance policies and their feasibility. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconfigurable context-free grammar based data processing hardware with error recovery

This paper presents an architecture for context-free grammar (CFG) based data processing hardware for re-configurable devices. Our system leverages on CFGs to tokenize and parse data streams into a sequence of words with corresponding semantics. Such a tokenizing and parsing engine is sufficient for processing grammatically correct input data. However, most pattern recognition applications must consider data sets that do not always conform to the predefined grammar. Therefore, we augment our system to detect and recover from grammatical errors while extracting useful information. Unlike the table look up method used in traditional CFG parsers, we map the structure of the grammar rules directly onto the field programmable gate array (FPGA). Since every part of the grammar is mapped onto independent logic, the resulting design is an efficient parallel data processing engine. To evaluate our design, we implement several XML parsers in an FPGA. Our XML parsers are able to process the full content of the packets up to 3.59 Gbps on Xilinx Virtex 4 devices.
Reconciling musical language in mixed works: a case study

Mixed works combining live instruments with non-live electronic sounds are commonplace in the field of contemporary music but pose particular compositional challenges relating to musical language. Working in the electronic realm, composers have unprecedented control over the timbre and behavior of sounds, and some of the most exciting results fall into the category of non-pitched 'noise' sounds. An avoidance of pitch forces composers to find new organizing principles, which in turn leads to new musical languages based on parameters such as gesture, texture, and spectro-morphology (how a sound's spectrum changes over time). On the contrary, traditional instruments and their associated conventional performance practices tend to be fairly limited in comparison, considering that most instruments were designed specifically for the production of pitched material. I have often found that the juxtaposition of pitch-based material with non-pitched electronic sounds is musically problematic, not because of the sounds themselves, but because the materials often suggest different listening strategies. For example, in the live instrument's part listeners may need to focus on pitch relations, such as dissonance resolving to consonance, in order to interpret the tension-release contour of a work, while tension in the electronic components may be generated and dissipated based on spectro-morphological energy profiles within the sounds themselves. While acknowledging that musical languages can be successfully combined, it should not be done arbitrarily---one must consider the nature of the materials and the listening strategies that they invoke. Reconciling this discrepancy between live and non-live components is one of the great compositional challenges of mixed works.
Evolutionary Computation in pre-silicon verification of complex microprocessors

Evolutionary Computation techniques are gradually making their way into mainstream validation of complex micro-processors. In this paper, we define the validation problem within the microprocessor as well as System-on-Chip context. We also outline the evolving role of the evolutionary algorithm within the development cycle of such complex design projects. Over time, evolutionary algorithms have been integrated in validation tools and are being used as an integral part in the validation landscape.
Mitral valvar prolapse is significantly associated with low body mass index in addition to mitral and tricuspid regurgitation.

Introduction: An association between mitral valvar prolapse and low body mass index has been proposed. The goal of this study was to evaluate this suggested association using two independent and large databases. For comparison, we evaluated the association, if any, between bicuspid aortic valve and low body mass index. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed, using uni- and multivariate analysis, 1742 echocardiograms that were performed as a part of a cardiac screening of teenage athletes and 24,265 echocardiograms performed between 1984 and 1998 for various clinical indications. Results: The first database included a total of 12,926 (53%) female and 11,339 (47%) male patients. The second database included a total of 1172 male (67%) and 570 female (33%) high school athletes. Mitral valvar prolapse was independently associated with low body mass index in addition to mitral regurgitation in both data bases. An index less than 30 occurred in 78 of 13,874 (0.6%) as opposed to 7 of 3236 (0.2%) in the echo data base, p equal to 0.03, odds ratio: 2.4 confidence intervals: 1.1–5.2, and an index less than 20 occurred in 7 of 354 (2%) as opposed to 6 of 944 (0.6%) in the athletic data base, p equal to 0.03, odds ratio: 3.2 confidence intervals: 1.05–9.5. The finding of a bicuspid aortic valve did not have any association with low body mass index. Conclusion: In our two independent databases, mitral valvar prolapse was independently associated with low body mass index in addition to mitral and tricuspid regurgitaton. The cause of this association remains unknown.
The Optical Nose

“Electronic noses” are vapor detection systems that mimic key principles of biological olfaction 1 . The functioning principles of biological, olfactory systems do not rely upon selective interactions with specific analytes, but rather on cross-reactive receptors 2 . The receptors respond to many odors, generating unique response patterns, which serve as “fingerprints” for each odor. Using the principles of biological olfaction, electronic nose systems contain arrays of different types of cross-reactive vapor-sensitive sensors. While it is difficult to discriminate analytes entirely by their responses to a single type of sensor, using an array of sensors yields response patterns that can readily distinguish many different vapors. Ideally, the response mechanisms of the sensors are highly varied and encompass both physical and chemical phenomena 1 . Our electronic nose measures fluorescence intensity responses from an array of polymer sensors over time during exposure to different analyte vapors. The sensors contain solvatochromic dyes that undergo intensity and wavelength shifts depending on changes in microenvironmental polarity. During exposure of the array to vapor-phase analytes, each of the sensor types in the array produces a temporal fluorescence response profile that depends on the sensor-analyte interaction. The combination of different responses from the sensor array to an analyte creates a pattern that characterizes the specific analyte and, therefore, enables identification. Such an array can recognize a variety of volatile organic vapors, and moreover, it can discriminate complex odors that contain multiple components, such as different types of coffees or perfumes. In these complex odors, the electronic nose recognizes the response pattern of the mixture, eliminating the necessity to quantify every single component.
Computationally Rational Saccadic Control: An Explanation of Spillover Effects Based on Sampling from Noisy Perception and Memory

Eye-movements in reading exhibit frequency spillover effects: fixation durations on a word are affected by the frequency of the previous word. We explore the idea that this effect may be an emergent property of a computationally rational eyemovement strategy that is navigating a tradeoff between processing immediate perceptual input, and continued processing of past input based on memory. We present an adaptive eye-movement control model with a minimal capacity for such processing, based on a composition of thresholded sequential samplers that integrate information from noisy perception and noisy memory. The model is applied to the List Lexical Decision Task and shown to yield frequency spillover—a robust property of human eye-movements in this task, even with parafoveal masking. We show that spillover in the model emerges in approximately optimal control policies that sometimes process memory rather than perception. We compare this model with one that is able to give priority to perception over memory, and show that the perception-priority policies in such a model do not perform as well in a range of plausible noise settings. We explain how the frequency spillover arises from a counter-intuitive but fundamental property of sequenced thresholded samplers.
MCSCF Studies of Chemical Reactions: Natural Reaction Orbitals and Localized Reaction Orbitals

Since its inception by Hund and Mulliken /1/, molecular orbital theory has proved to be extremely fruitful. On the one hand, it has offered to molecular scientists a simple conceptual model, namely the pseudo-one-electron picture, for understanding molecular spectra and chemical structure.
Post-Cold War complex humanitarian emergencies: Introducing a new dataset

This article introduces an original dataset of post-Cold War complex humanitarian emergencies. The dataset identifies recent instances of war, atrocity crimes, one-sided violence and communal confl...
Reproducibility of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Fusion Guided Prostate Biopsy: Multi-Institutional External Validation by a Propensity Score Matched Cohort.

Purpose: As the adoption of magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasound fusion guided biopsy expands, the reproducibility of outcomes at expert centers becomes essential. We sought to validate the comprehensive NCI (National Cancer Institute) experience with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and fusion guided biopsy in an external, independent, matched cohort of patients.Materials and Methods: We compared 620 patients enrolled in a prospective trial comparing systematic biopsy to fusion guided biopsy at NCI to 310 who underwent a similar procedure at Long Island Jewish Medical Center. The propensity score, defined as the probability of being treated outside NCI, was calculated using the estimated logistic regression model. Patients from the hospital were matched 1:1 for age, prostate specific antigen, magnetic resonance imaging suspicion score and prior negative biopsies. Clinically significant disease was defined as Gleason 3 + 4 or greater.Results: Before matching we found differences between the coh...
Computation of baseline flow across the mouse cortex using two-photon microscopy and vascular anatomical network modeling

We demonstrate the feasibility of computing baseline flow in the mouse cortex using vascular anatomical network constructed from two-photon microscopy measurements. The values obtained are in good agreement with values reported in the literature.
On the “secondary reinforcing” effect of shock for the correct response in visual discrimination learning

The finding that shock for a correct, food-reinforced response in visual discrimination training tends not to retard performance, and may even facilitate it, has been interpreted by some investigators as indicative of an acquired reinforcing property of the shock. To assess this interpretation, 40 hungry rats were given either no-shock or shock-right acquisition training, followed by extinction training in which the experimental Ss then received (a) shock for the previously correct response, as before, (b) no shock, or (c) shock for the previously incorrect response. The performances of these subgroups provided no evidence of an acquired reinforcing property of the shock, indicating instead an avoidance effect specific to the shocked arm.
Extinct Madagascar: Picturing the Island's Past

During the past two millennia, around 40 vertebrate species endemic to Madagascar went extinct. These included three species of pygmy hippopotami, seven species of elephant birds, two aardvark-like...
Role of Chinese Materia Medica Preparations in Hospital Chinese Traditional Medicine Work

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the role of Chinese materia medica preparations in hospital traditional Chinese medicine work for references of the development of Chinese materia medica preparations in hospital. METHODS: The importance and role of the research development, preparation and use of hospital Chinese materia medica preparation in the development chain of Chinese medicine were analyzed. RESULTS CONCLUSION: The research and preparation of hospital Chinese materia medica preparation make up for the deficiency of the industrial production of Chinese materia medica preparations and play a part in the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine.
Cytologic features of oocytes in the adult human ovary.

A broad survey of the cytologic features of follicular oocytes from sections of adult ovaries from donors with normal menstrual cycles, from patients with polycystic ovarian disease, and from patients treated with estrogen and progesterone for gynecologic disorders with no apparent ovarian pathology has been made in this study. On the basis of light microscopic observations, four basic types of oocytes could be recognized: (1) oocytes with nuclei containing diffused or filamentous chromatin, (2) oocytes with metaphase I chromosomes or an extruded polar body, (3) oocytes with nuclei possessing massive clumps of chromatin frequently associated with the nucleolus, and (4) degenerating oocytes with no distinguishing cytologic features. The numbers of oocytes in these different groups varied with the reproductive state of the donors: 34 to 35% were type 1 during proliferative and secretory phases; mature oocytes type 2 were 3.3%, and were found only during the late proliferative phase; and 41 to 46% were type 3 during both phases of the menstrual cycle. Large numbers of oocytes from polycystic ovaries (77%) and from ovaries of patients treated with steroids (86%) were degenerating and frequently contained massive clumps of chromatin material associated with the nucleolus.
Local hyperthermia and irradiation in cancer therapy.

The preliminary experience at the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology with hyperthermia and irradiation is reported and current issues in clinical application of heat are reviewed. Twenty-nine lesions were treated with 400 rad fractions given every 72 h (twice weekly) for a total dose of2400 to 4000 rad followed by hyperthermia (2450-MHz or 915-MHz microwaves, 42.0°-43°, 90 min, every 72 h). Eight of 12 recurrent epidermoid carcinomas of the head and neck showed complete regression (67%) and one more than 50% response. Of 5 metastatic melanoma nodules treated with irradiation and hyperthermia, 4 (80%) showed complete regression of the tumors and 1 almost complete response. Of 9 recurrent adenocarcinoma of breast nodules in the chest wall treated with 3200 to 4000 rad 5 lesions exhibited complete regression and 2 others about 80%. Of 6 lesions treated with 1500 rad and hyperthermia (R TOG protocol), 2 metastatic melanomas showed complete regression (CR) and 3 tumors exhibited partial regression. Of...
Determination of 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1, 3-propanediol (Tris; THAM) in urine by titration.

Abstract A simple procedure is described for rapid quantitative determination of total THAM in urine by a modification of the formaldehyde titration method for determination of urinary amines. Selection of the appropriate end-point pH for titration of 2 representative temperatures (23.5 °C. and 37.0 °C.) is discussed. Empirical correction factors are given for calculation of total THAM concentration from that of ionized THAM determined by titration. Variation in ionic strength is shown to have little effect. The results of determination of total THAM content on 7 urine samples at 3 different concentrations are reported, with a mean recovery of 99.6 ± 1.2 per cent. The largest error in 21 determinations was 3.5 per cent.
Comparison of the severity of neuropathologic changes in familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease.

We compared the density of neurofibrillary tangles (NT) and neuritic (senile) plaques (NP) in 10 cortical areas, the amygdala, the hippocampus, the parahippocampal gyrus, and the cerebellum in patients with familial (FAD) and sporadic (SAD) Alzheimer's disease with early ( 70 years) ages of onset of dementia and age-matched controls. From a total of 199 cases of pathologically confirmed AD in our laboratory, 60 cases with appropriate brain sections and information as to family history, age of onset, duration of dementia, and brain weight were available for semiquantitative analysis of the frequency of NT and NP utilizing the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease protocol. There were 28 SAD and 32 FAD (including seven Volga Germans) cases and 16 age-matched controls. In all brain regions, cases had more severe changes than controls (p < 0.001). Brain weight correlated inversely with duration of disease (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found in the severity scores of NT and NP between FAD and SAD. There was an inverse correlation between age of onset of dementia and the density of NT and NP in all regions in FAD and SAD combined. P values for NT were in the frontal (superior-middle and orbital, p < 0.0005; gyrus rectus, p = 0.0029), parietal (p = 0.0007), and medial occipital cortex (areas 17 and 18, p < 0.01), and for NP were in the superior temporal gyrus (p = 0.0085) and area 17 (p = 0.0003), and age of onset of dementia. In summary, using these criteria we found no compelling evidence that the neuropathologic characteristics of FAD are different from those of SAD.
Epidemiology of cutaneous sarcoidosis, 1976–2013: a population-based study from Olmsted County, Minnesota

Background The epidemiology of cutaneous sarcoidosis is not well-characterized as only referral-based studies are available. Objectives To characterize the epidemiology of cutaneous sarcoidosis, with emphasis on annual incidence and clinical characteristics, from 1976 to 2013. Methods Inception cohorts of patients with incident isolated cutaneous sarcoidosis and incident systemic sarcoidosis with cutaneous involvement in 1976–2013 in Olmsted County, Minnesota, United States were identified based on comprehensive individual medical record review. Inclusion in the isolated cutaneous sarcoidosis cohort required physician diagnosis and skin biopsy showing non-necrotizing granuloma. Inclusion in the systemic sarcoidosis with cutaneous involvement cohort required presence of systemic sarcoidosis and cutaneous lesions. Presence of systemic sarcoidosis was determined by physician diagnosis supported by histopathology of non-necrotizing granuloma, characteristic radiologic features of intrathoracic sarcoidosis and exclusion of other granulomatous diseases. Cutaneous lesions were defined as either sarcoidosis-specific or non-specific. Results There were 62 cases with sarcoidosis-specific cutaneous lesions (36 cases of sarcoidosis-specific cutaneous lesions and 26 cases of isolated cutaneous sarcoidosis) which corresponded to an incidence of 1.9 per 100 000 population. The female to male ratio was 2.1 : 1. Plaques, papules and subcutaneous nodules were the most commonly observed cutaneous lesions. There was no significant difference in cutaneous presentation between those who had isolated skin disease and those who had skin disease in association with systemic sarcoidosis. Prognosis of cutaneous sarcoidosis was favourable, as over 90% of patients had a good response to either glucocorticoids, hydroxychloroquine or tetracycline antibiotics. This study has a significant limitation, in that the studied population was predominantly Caucasians who generally have a lower prevalence of skin disease. Conclusions The incidence of sarcoidosis-specific cutaneous lesions was about 1.9 per 100 000 population with female predominance. The cutaneous presentations were similar among those with and without systemic sarcoidosis.
Epilogue: Policy Lessons for the Future

According to economic theory and empirical findings, a country that experiences a low rate of growth and a relatively low public to private capital ratio can generate higher growth by increasing public capital formation. Increased infrastructure raises the marginal product of private capital and induces private investment. Thus, the country can attain a higher long-run growth rate of output. This justifies the use of transfers for public capital formation promoted by aid policies, which aim at fostering growth in less developed countries. An inflow of funds for public capital formation will speed up the process of growth and convergence.
Measuring Synergy from Benevolence in a Network Organization

In a complex adaptive system, diverse agents perform various actions without adherence to a predefined structure. The achievement of joint actions will be a result of continual interactions among them that shape a dynamic network. Agents may form an ad hoc organization based on dynamic network of interactions for the purpose of achieving a long term objective, which is called a Network Organization (NO). For the dominant influences of the network substrate in an NO, multiple effects of it have an impact on the NO behaviors and directions. We envisioned several dimensions of such effects to be synergy, social capital, externality, influence, etc. The focus of this paper is on measuring synergy as one of those possible network effects. Synergy describes different modalities of compatibility among agents when performing a set of coherent and correspondingly different actions. When agents are under no structural obligation to contribute, synergy is quantified through multiple forms of serendipitous agent chosen benevolence among them. The approach of this paper is to measure four types of benevolence and the pursuant synergies from them stemming from agent interactions. We exemplify this approach using a case study of a multiplayer online game.
Hopeless Activism: Performance in the Anthropocene*

ABSTRACTThis essay carves out the ethical responsibilities and an identity position for the hopeless activist in the Anthropocene. The author concludes that ethical witnessing is the first step toward an embracing of the power of hopelessness of continued human survival on planet earth. Calling upon temporally posthuman theory and Derridean thought about death the author posits human extinction as an embraceable and inevitable feature of modern life. Once human extinction is taken as a given, the responsibility toward other species becomes a more necessary ethical commitment. Finally the essay calls on performance scholars to lead this charge.
Is Pre-Hospital CPR a Risk Factor for Early Death in Patients Transferred to an Adult Burn Center?

Background Burn patients who require CPR before admission to a burn center are anecdotally known to suffer higher mortality than those who do not require pre-hospital CPR. Study Design A retrospective chart review identified adult patients admitted to our burn center between 2013 and 2015. Included patients met 1 or both of the following criteria: 20% or more total body surface area burned and need for intubation before admission to our facility. We sought to identify predictors of early death, late death, and survival among burn patients who underwent CPR before admission. Results Of the 80 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 17.5% underwent CPR before arrival at our facility. Seventy-nine percent of these died, compared with 29% of the patients who did not require CPR (p = 0.0005). Seventy-one percent of CPR patients died within 48 hours of admission, compared with 8% of non-CPR patients (p Conclusions Patients who undergo CPR before transfer to a burn center are at high risk for early death. Predictors of death and early death after CPR may include elevated initial lactate and lower initial arterial pH.
Atypical: A Type System for Live Performances

Chalktalk is a computer-based visual language based around real-time interaction with virtual objects in a blackboard-style environment. Its aim is to be a presentation and communication tool, using animation and interactivity to allow easy visualization of complex ideas and concepts. This demonstration will show Chalktalk in action, with focus on its ability to link these objects together to send data between them, as well as the flexible type system, named Atypical, that underpins this feature.
Asian American Women’s Victimization History and In-The-Moment Responses to Partner Violence:

Between 20% and 50% of Asian American women report experiencing partner violence (PV). Furthermore, nearly half of PV victims experience their first assault between the age of 18 and 24 years, suggesting that Asian American college women may be particularly at risk of PV. Experiencing childhood abuse (CA) may impair women’s capacity to perceive risk during a potential PV situation, increasing their risk for revictimization. The purpose of the current study was to examine differences among Asian American college women’s (N = 324) in-the-moment behavioral intention, risk perception, and likelihood to stay in an abusive relationship during a progressively threatening PV scenario, based on victimization history and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. We tested three path models, each assessing the relations among CA, PV, PTSD, current and future risk perception, likelihood of staying in the relationship, and one of three behavioral intentions (soothe the perpetrator, escape, and escalation/resistan...
Religious Student Organizations as Agents of Spiritual and Moral Development among South African Undergraduates

Post-apartheid South African education reforms shifted the role of religion from a primary foundation for all subjects to one of several strategies to develop civic, moral, and ethical values among...
JUSTICE GINSBURG'S COMMON-LAW FEDERALISM

This article examines an often-overlooked facet of the federalism debate in which Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg has pursued a distinctive approach: the role of the state-court common-law judge in our federal system. In a series of majority and dissenting opinions, Justice Ginsburg has made clear that she places an exceptionally high value on the capacity of common-law judges to render justice and to provide effective remedies to injured parties on a case-by-case basis. Although she acknowledges that Congress has virtually unlimited power to supplant or override this traditional judicial function, she insists upon a clear and unambiguous statement of congressional intent before countenancing such a result. Justice Ginsburg's vision of the common-law judge as a guarantor of individualized justice informs and reflects her view of the law more generally. She draws a relatively sharp divide between the realms of common law and positive law and, more than any other justice on the current Court, conceptualizes common-law regimes such as contract and tort as serving primarily remedial rather than regulatory purposes.
Survival and immune analysis of radium-223 in patients with metastatic prostate cancer.

e24144Background: Radium223 (Ra223) is a radioisotope therapy that delivers high-energy radiation to osteoblastic metastasis of prostate cancer, resulting in detrimental irreparable double-stranded...
Discovery of Novel Hepatoselective HMG‐CoA Reductase Inhibitors for Treating Hypercholesterolemia: A Bench‐to‐Bedside Case Study on Tissue Selective Drug Distribution.

Replacement of the pyrrole core of atorvastatin with five-membered heterocycles and further improvement of the hepatoselectivity of the resulting pyrazole-based HMG-CoA inhibitor candidate lead to imidazole-based HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors such as (I).
A generalized inf–sup test for multi-field mixed-variational methods

Abstract We present a variational approach towards identifying conditions for the stability of Galerkin methods for multi-field saddle point problems in continuum mechanics and continuum thermodynamics with free energy functions that have positive second variations at critical points. The framework aims to generalize the discrete inf–sup theory and its numerical verification in the context of general problems in an arbitrary number of fields for both linear and nonlinear problems. In utilizing a linearized second derivative test the proposed scheme is purely based on uniqueness properties of a mixed Lagrangian around the solution, thus providing a purely variational requirement for the well-posedness of Galerkin approximations. In maintaining the dependence on parameters and in incorporating the notion of multifold inf–sup conditions the scheme provides a generalization of the classical LBB theory that allows the study of multi-field saddle point problems in the limit of vanishing parameters and their connection to generalized numerical eigenvalue tests. The proposed generalization is trusted to provide a helpful tool for the development of mixed methods that arise in many novel engineering problems due to the coupling of multiple irreversible phenomena or the incorporation of Lagrange multipliers in advanced methods. An emphasis is given with regard to time-dependent problems in irreversible thermodynamics that arise from Biot-type variational formulations if conjugate variables are employed by means of a Legendre–Fenchel transformation. Examples are given for a two-field variational principle in finite deformation poroelasticity in the undrained limit, a three-field variational principle for elasticity in the incompressible limit, and a recent four-field variational principle in gradient-extended plasticity.
Big Data Analytics in a Day-Ahead Electricity Price Forecasting Using TensorFlow in Restructured Power Systems

Although Smart Grids (in power systems) can bring beneficial features such as lowering the power market price, it enforces having a more comprehensive platform that can analyze a huge amount of data coming from sensor networks throughout the system. In this paper, a distributed and highly scalable machine learning platform called Tensorflow has been studied. Tensorflow is a Google's open source platform for artificial intelligence systems. The advantage of this package is that it can run parallel computations on distributed systems on a scale of thousands cores. Hence, big data analytics for real time applications are nowadays done with this package. In this paper, a case study considering a day-ahead price forecasting for power market of two European countries have been studied via Tensorflow. All the data gathered from the renewable energies and conventional generators, as well as weather forecasts, have been fed to the forecasting system to predict the day-ahead price of the market. The result shows improvement in the convergence speed as well as the prediction accuracy.