cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A model of glucocorticoid receptor unfolding and stabilization by a heat shock protein complex.

Abstract It has recently been reported that incubation of avian progesterone receptors, mouse glucocorticoid receptors, or the viral tyrosine kinase pp60 src with rabbit reticulocyte lysate reconstitutes their association with the 90 kDa heat shock protein, hsp90. The reassociation is thought to require unfolding of the steroid receptor or pp60 src before hsp90 can bind. The unfoldase activity may be provided by hsp70, which is also present in the reconstituted receptor heterocomplex. In this paper we review evidence that hsp70 and hsp90 are associated in cytosolic heterocomplexes that contain a limited number of other proteins. From an analysis of known receptor-hsp interactions and a predicted direct interaction between hsp90 and hsp70 we have developed an admittedly very speculative model of glucocorticoid receptor unfolding and stabilization. One important feature of the model is that the receptor becomes attached to a heat shock protein heterocomplex rather than undergoing independent unfolding and stabilization events. The model requires that hsp70 and hsp90 bind directly to the receptor at independent sites. Importantly, the model accomodates the stoichiometry of 2 hsp90 per 1 molecule of receptor that has been assayed in the untransformed GR heterocomplex in cytosols prepared from hormone-free cells.
Delivery of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) larvae to settlement habitats in coves near tidal inlets

The east coast of the United States is lined by a series of shallow inlet/bays systems that provide essential habitats for a number of important fish species. The strongest currents in these systems are typically found near the inlet where they are dominated by semidiurnal tidal motion. Beam-trawl sampling in the vicinity of Little Egg Inlet in southern New Jersey over several years indicates that the settlement of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus, occurs predominantly within small coves just inside the inlet. Because of the strong tidal currents, horizontal motion of pre-settlement larvae is strongly influenced by advection. Based on hydrodynamic surveys of the region, a mechanism is suggested by which coves immediately inside of tidal inlets favour the delivery of estuarine larvae for subsequent settlement. The mechanism involves the filling of the coves with estuarine waters trapped just inside the inlet by flow separation during the flood. As a result, these observations suggest that coves near inlets may provide important settlement habitats for this estuarine species.
Data placement and buffer management for concurrent mergesorts with parallel prefetching

Various data placement policies are studied for the merge phase of concurrent mergesorts using parallel prefetching, where initial sorted runs (input) of a merge and its final sorted run (output) are stored on multiple disks but each run resides only on a single disk. Since the merge phase involves only sequential references, parallel prefetching can be attractive an reducing the average response time for concurrent merges. However, without careful buffer control, severe thrashing may develop under certain run placement policies, reducing the benefits of prefetching. The authors examine through detailed simulations three different run placement policies. The results show that even though buffer thrashing can be almost avoided by placing the output run of a job on the same disk with at least one of its input runs, this thrashing-avoiding run placement policy can be substantially outperformed by other policies that use buffer thrashing control. With buffer thrashing avoidance, the best performance as achieved by a run placement policy that uses a proper subset of disks dedicated for writing the output runs while the rest of the disks are used for prefetching the input runs in parallel. >
Unconventional Rotational Responses of Hadronic Superfluids in a Neutron Star Caused by Strong Entrainment and a Σ- Hyperon Gap

I show that the usual model of the rotational response of a neutron star, which predicts rotation-induced neutronic vortices and no rotation-induced protonic vortices, does not hold (i) beyond a certain threshold of entrainment interaction strength nor (ii) in the case of nonzero Sigma(-) hyperon gap. I show that in both of these cases the rotational response involves the creation of phase windings in an electrically charged condensate. Lattices of bound states of vortices which result from these phase windings can (for a range of parameters) strongly reduce the interaction between rotation-induced vortices with magnetic-field carrying superconducting components.
Learning to intercept opponents in first person shooter games

One important aspect of creating game bots is adversarial motion planning: identifying how to move to counter possible actions made by the adversary. In this paper, we examine the problem of opponent interception, in which the goal of the bot is to reliably apprehend the opponent. We present an algorithm for motion planning that couples planning and prediction to intercept an enemy on a partially-occluded Unreal Tournament map. Human players can exhibit considerable variability in their movement preferences and do not uniformly prefer the same routes. To model this variability, we use inverse reinforcement learning to learn a player-specific motion model from sets of example traces. Opponent motion prediction is performed using a particle filter to track candidate hypotheses of the opponent's location over multiple time horizons. Our results indicate that the learned motion model has a higher tracking accuracy and yields better interception outcomes than other motion models and prediction methods.
Advances in the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of malignant pleural mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma is an insidious neoplasm arising from the mesothelial surfaces of the pleural and peritoneal cavities, the pericardium, or the tunica vaginalis. A total of 80% of all cases are pleural in origin. The predominant cause of malignant mesothelioma is inhalational exposure to asbestos, although evidence is increasing to support the hypothesis that simian virus-40 virus plays a role in cocarcinogenesis. Immunohistochemical markers such as calretinin, WT-1, and cytokeratin 5/6 are becoming established diagnostic markers. Preliminary data suggests that a soluble form of mesothelin could serve as a serum marker for established and early cases of mesothelioma. Positron emission tomography with 18-fluorodeoxyglucose in conjunction with computed tomograhy scanning has improved preoperative imaging and staging. Prognostic factors have been identified and verified. Negative indicators include thrombocytosis, high leukocyte counts, poor performance status, and nonepithelial histology. For the first time, there is now evidence that some treatments are increasing the quality and quantity of life for patients with mesothelioma. Chemotherapy, with the new multi-targeted antifolate drug Pemetrexed, combined with cisplatin, has shown superior survival rates in a large phase III trial when compared to cisplatin alone. High-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy when administered after extrapleural pneumonectomy has resulted in excellent local control. Multimodality treatment programs that combine surgical cytoreduction with novel forms of radiation therapy and more effective chemotherapy combinations may offer significant increases in survival for certain subgroups of mesothelioma patients. Innovative palliative approaches have proved successful in alleviation of the significant symptoms experienced by many mesothelioma patients. Experimental treatments such as immunotherapy and gene therapy present a window of hope for all mesothelioma patients, and in the future, may be combined with 'standard therapy' in multimodality protocols. Patients with adequate performance status should be enrolled into clinical trials where possible. Over the past decade, significant advances have been made on several fronts that have improved the ability to diagnose a stage, define prognosis, and treat malignant pleural mesothelioma.
Mechanism for Anaphase B: Evaluation of “Slide-and-Cluster” versus “Slide-and-Flux-or-Elongate” Models

Elongation of the mitotic spindle during anaphase B contributes to chromosome segregation in many cells. Here, we quantitatively test the ability of two models for spindle length control to describe the dynamics of anaphase B spindle elongation using experimental data from Drosophila embryos. In the slide-and-flux-or-elongate (SAFE) model, kinesin-5 motors persistently slide apart antiparallel interpolar microtubules (ipMTs). During pre-anaphase B, this outward sliding of ipMTs is balanced by depolymerization of their minus ends at the poles, producing poleward flux, while the spindle maintains a constant length. Following cyclin B degradation, ipMT depolymerization ceases so the sliding ipMTs can push the poles apart. The competing slide-and-cluster (SAC) model proposes that MTs nucleated at the equator are slid outward by the cooperative actions of the bipolar kinesin-5 and a minus-end-directed motor, which then pulls the sliding MTs inward and clusters them at the poles. In assessing both models, we assume that kinesin-5 preferentially cross-links and slides apart antiparallel MTs while the MT plus ends exhibit dynamic instability. However, in the SAC model, minus-end-directed motors bind the minus ends of MTs as cargo and transport them poleward along adjacent, parallel MT tracks, whereas in the SAFE model, all MT minus ends that reach the pole are depolymerized by kinesin-13. Remarkably, the results show that within a narrow range of MT dynamic instability parameters, both models can reproduce the steady-state length and dynamics of pre-anaphase B spindles and the rate of anaphase B spindle elongation. However, only the SAFE model reproduces the change in MT dynamics observed experimentally at anaphase B onset. Thus, although both models explain many features of anaphase B in this system, our quantitative evaluation of experimental data regarding several different aspects of spindle dynamics suggests that the SAFE model provides a better fit.
Indicación de la situación hermenéutica que envuelve la filosofía platónica

Analysis of different hermeneutical situations from which Plato was read, looking for a reading of Plato folded texts and saved from reformulations and schemes with which the tradition has been shaping Aristocles until he has faded in the game of masks that he began; disappearing the historical character (and the interests and concerns of their real life) and Plato taking shape in the Western tradition. Certainly this paper not look to restore an original and uncontaminated Plato, but to indicate the hermeneutical situation from which our current situation allows a possible interpretation of Plato’s dialogues - paraphrasing Ortega- at the height of our time.
Re-Evaluate the Various Ways to Tap Corporate Cash

This article explores the interplay between "qualified dividends" and "constructive dividends", salaries, leases and redemptions in the context of obtaining cash from a C Corp in the most tax advantaged way. Specifically, in light of the JGTRRA, can the "constructive dividend" be treated as "qualified dividend income"? Until we hear otherwise from the IRS, Congress or the courts, and as explained below, the answer is probably "yes". Does this preferential tax treatment of "qualified dividends" mean that the "constructive dividend" is no longer an important issue? Emphatically no, as explained below. It is not advisable to pay shareholder/employees more in dividends and less in salary or other payments when the amount of taxes paid by the corporation/payer and shareholder/employee are totaled. An even better strategy is for the shareholder to lease trade/business assets to the corporation. The article explores the continuing tax advantages of redemption despite the fact dividends are taxed at capital gains rates. Last, the article addresses some unique situations when distributions taxed as dividends are more advantageous than any other form of distribution.
Improved histology from inadequately fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens.

The rapid turnaround time demanded of many surgical pathology laboratories often results in the paraffin embedding of biopsy specimens that are less than optimally fixed. Occasionally, the quality of the resulting hematox-ylin-and-eosin-stained sections is inadequate to provide a diagnosis. A method is described herein that permits the preparation of histologic sections of excellent quality from suboptimally fixed paraffin-embedded tissue.
A right-inverse for the divergence operator in spaces of piecewise polynomials

In the first part of this paper we study in detail the properties of the divergence operator acting on continuous piecewise polynomials on some fixed triangulation; more specifically, we characterize the range and prove the existence of a maximal right-inverse whose norm grows at most algebraically with the degree of the piecewise polynomials. In the last part of this paper we apply these results to thep-version of the Finite Element Method for a nearly incompressible material with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. We show that thep-version maintains optimal convergence rates in the limit as the Poisson ratio approaches 1/2. This fact eliminates the need for any "reduced integration" such as customarily used in connection with the more standardh-version of the Finite Element Method.
Calving Signature in Ocean Waves at Helheim Glacier and Sermilik Fjord, East Greenland

AbstractWhen glaciers calve icebergs, a fraction of the released potential energy is radiated away via gravity waves. The characteristics of such waves, caused by iceberg calving on Helheim Glacier in east Greenland, are investigated. Observations were collected from an array of five high-frequency bottom pressure meters placed along Sermilik Fjord. Calving-generated tsunami waves were identified and used to construct a calving event catalog. Calving events are observed to cluster around high and low semidiurnal tides and around high and prior-to-low semimonthly tides. In the postcalving ocean state, discrete spectral peaks associated with calving events are observed, and they are consistent among all the events. A numerical model is used to compute the resonant modes of the fjord and to simulate calving-generated ocean waves. Damped oscillator boundary forcing with 5- to 10-min periods is found to reproduce well the observed properties of calving waves. These observations and modeling are relevant for be...
Analysis On The Epidemiological Characteristics Of Measles From 1970 To 2010 And Its Countermeasures In Huaiyuan County

Objective To learn the epidemiological characteristics of measles,and provide evidence for measles elimination.Method Epidemic data of measles in Huaiyuan between 1970 and 2010 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Results Measles epidemic characteristic showed three periods: the natural epidemic period,the quick descending period and the effective control period.Periodicity existed in the epidemic of measles.The distribution characteristic of population in measles epidemic had some changes,the proportion of measles cases with vaccine immunization history increased obviously.ConclusionMeasles vaccine could control measles effectively.Based on improving the routine immunization,it was still necessary to conduct supplementary immunization in a planned way to eliminate measles finally.
High reliability with the dry-film solder mask system

"Riston" dry-film solder mask system includes standard and high flame retardancy films. With the new vacuum laminator and UV curing unit, the dry-film solder mask can be applied easily and will withstand most stringent flux cleaning operations. The dry-film solder mask system produces a reliable, reproducible product which offers high resolution capabilities, total and uniform coverage over circuit lines and superior moisture, chemical and thermal resistance.
Acid-base balance

This article emphasizes the interactions between the respiratory and metabolic sources of acid and their clearance. It includes the chemistry of acid-based balance as expressed by the Henderson-Hasselbach equation, the principles and importance of biologic buffering systems, and a brief review of renal regulation of acid-based balance. Finally, the reader is given a set of guidelines for a systematic approach to the analysis of acid-base data.
Human Odorant Reception in the Common Bed Bug, Cimex lectularius

The common bed bug Cimex lectularius is a temporary ectoparasite on humans and currently resurgent in many developed countries. The ability of bed bugs to detect human odorants in the environment is critical for their host-seeking behavior. This study deciphered the chemical basis of host detection by investigating the neuronal response of olfactory sensilla to 104 human odorants using single sensillum recording and characterized the electro-physiological responses of bed bug odorant receptors to human odorants with the Xenopus expression system. The results showed that the D type of olfactory sensilla play a predominant role in detecting the human odorants tested. Different human odorants elicited different neuronal responses with different firing frequencies and temporal dynamics. Particularly, aldehydes and alcohols are the most effective stimuli in triggering strong response while none of the carboxylic acids showed a strong stimulation. Functional characterization of two bed bug odorant receptors and co-receptors in response to human odorants revealed their specific responses to the aldehyde human odorants. Taken together, the findings of this study not only provide exciting new insights into the human odorant detection of bed bugs, but also offer valuable information for developing new reagents (attractants or repellents) for the bed bug control.
The strontium inorganic mutant of the water oxidizing center (CaMn4O5) of PSII improves WOC efficiency but slows electron flux through the terminal acceptors

Herein we extend prior studies of biosynthetic strontium replacement of calcium in PSII-WOC core particles to characterize whole cells. Previous studies of Thermosynechococcus elongatus found a lower rate of light-saturated O2 from isolated PSII-WOC(Sr) cores and 5-8× slower rate of oxygen release. We find similar properties in whole cells, and show it is due to a 20% larger Arrhenius activation barrier for O2 evolution. Cellular adaptation to the sluggish PSII-WOC(Sr) cycle occurs in which flux through the QAQB acceptor gate becomes limiting for turnover rate in vivo. Benzoquinone derivatives that bind to QB site remove this kinetic chokepoint yielding 31% greater O2 quantum yield (QY) of PSII-WOC(Sr) vs. PSII-WOC(Ca). QY and efficiency of the WOC(Sr) catalytic cycle are greatly improved at low light flux, due to fewer misses and backward transitions and 3-fold longer lifetime of the unstable S3 state, attributed to greater thermodynamic stabilization of the WOC(Sr) relative to the photoactive tyrosine YZ. More linear and less cyclic electron flow through PSII occurs per PSII-WOC(Sr). The organismal response to the more active PSII centers in Sr-grown cells at 45°C is to lower the number of active PSII-WOC per Chl, producing comparable oxygen and energy per cell. We conclude that redox and protonic energy fluxes created by PSII are primary determinants for optimal growth rate of T. elongatus. We further conclude that the (Sr-favored) intermediate-spin S=5/2 form of the S2 state is the active form in the catalytic cycle relative to the low-spin S=1/2 form.
Impact of a grid-connected PV system application in a bioclimatic house toward the zero energy status in the north of Algeria

Abstract Nowadays, it is well recognized at the international level that the building sector is one of the biggest energy consumers, which made the intervention in this sector the greatest potential for energy consumption reduction and greenhouse emissions mitigation. In Algeria, building sector is responsible of more than 40% of the final energy consumption. Solar energy systems integrated in buildings can be an important solution to this dual problem. The aim of this paper is to estimate the energy performance of a typical single-family bioclimatic house equipped with a solar heating system located in the north Algeria (Algiers) and to investigate its conversion into a zero energy house by installing a grid connected PV system. To achieve this goal, a numerical model of the bioclimatic house coupled with the solar heating system is developed and validated with experimental data. Then, the validated model is used to optimize the adequate size of the solar heating system and to determine its contribution in the production of thermal energy for both DHW preparation and space heating of the house. Finally, a PV system is sized to supply, in parallel with the utility grid, the house with electricity for lighting, appliance and auxiliary electric heater. Furthermore, an economic analysis is made to show the profitability of integration of grid connected PV and solar thermal systems in building. Results show that the conversion of a bioclimatic house into a ZEH using a grid connected PV system, in the north of Algeria weather conditions, present high level of feasibility. However, the return on investment is very high due mainly to the high cost of solar energy components and the very low costs of conventional energy in Algeria.
Mechanical Circulatory Support as Bridge to Transplantation for the Failing Single Ventricle

Background Circulatory failure necessitating cardiac transplantation will ultimately develop in many patients with functional single-ventricle physiology. Interest in the use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in this population is growing. Methods This was a retrospective case series of patients with functional single-ventricle physiology who underwent MCS with a ventricular assist device or a total artificial heart as a bridge to cardiac transplantation between January 2006 and December 2014. Baseline demographics, intraoperative data, postoperative complications, and outcome data were collected from the medical record. Results MCS was used in 5 patients: HeartWare ventricular assist device (HeartWare International, Framingham, MA) in 1 patient, SynCardia total artificial heart (SynCardia Systems, Tucson, AZ) in 1, Thoratec Paracorporeal ventricular assist device (Thoratec Corp, Pleasanton, CA) in 1, and the Berlin Heart EXCOR (Berlin Heart Inc, The Woodlands, TX) in 2. The mean age at MCS was 12 ± 8 years. There were 2 early deaths at 12 and 28 days after MCS: 1 patient died of multiorgan system failure and 1 of neurologic injury. Overall, neurologic complications occurred in 3 patients (60%), and 1 patient (20%) required renal replacement therapy. Three patients (60%) underwent successful cardiac transplantation. The median time on the waiting list was 59 days (interquartile range, 18 to 126 days), and the median duration of MCS was 60 days (interquartile range, 28 to 93 days). At the time of transplant, all 3 patients were ambulatory, without the need for mechanical ventilation, and end-organ dysfunction had resolved. The 3 patients who received transplants were discharged from the hospital and were alive at an average follow-up of 9 ± 14 months. Conclusions MCS can be successfully used as a bridge to transplantation in patients with a failing single-ventricle circulation. Use of MCS can allow for resolution of end-organ dysfunction and rehabilitation, leading to improved outcomes in this difficult population.
The Arch of Septimius Severus

The Rise of Severus On December 31, 192, the rule of the Antonine dynasty, which had given Rome almost a century of unparalleled peace and prosperity, ended abruptly with the murder of Marcus Aurelius’ son, Commodus. Neglectful of his official duties and increasingly unstable, he had alienated his own courtiers. Laetus, his praetorian prefect, and Pertinax, a prominent senator, arranged the assassination and Pertinax’s succession. Although Pertinax was a stable, conservative reformer, his common sense and discipline enraged the Praetorian Guards who had been thoroughly corrupted by Commodus’ excesses. They murdered the new emperor after three months and sold the throne to Didius Julianus, a wealthy senator who had promised each praetorian a bounty of 25,000 sesterces. The Roman people and the members of the imperial administration refused this dishonorable pact, and the governors of three militarized provinces, Pescennius Niger in Syria, Clodius Albinus in Britain, and Septimius Severus in Upper Pannonia (the western part of modern Hungary) openly rebelled. On April 9, Severus was proclaimed emperor. By June 1, he was in Italy. When he was sixty miles north of Rome, Julianus was murdered, and the Senate recognized Severus as emperor. The next year (194) he gained control of the East from Niger and marched against Niger’s Parthian supporters. The probable annexation of northern Mesopotamia in 195 prompted him to adopt the titles of “Parthicus Arabicus” and “Parthicus Adiabenicus”; and, in 197, a fi nal battle with Albinus at Lugdunum (Lyons) gave him the Western Empire. 6 Returning to the East in 198, he conquered the Parthian capital at Ctesiphon (thirty-five miles south of modern Bagdad) and took the title of “Parthicus Maximus.”
Homology in Structural Organization BetweenE. coliClpAP Protease and the Eukaryotic 26 S Proteasome

Energy-dependent protein degradation is carried out by large multimeric protein complexes such as the proteasomes of eukaryotic and archaeal cells and the ATP-dependent proteases of eubacterial cells. Clp protease, a major multicomponent protease of Escherichia coli, consists of a proteolytic component, ClpP, in association with an ATP-hydrolyzing, chaperonin-like component, ClpA. To provide a structural basis for understanding the regulation and mechanism of action of Clp protease, we have used negative staining electron microscopy and image analysis to examine ClpA and ClpP separately, as well as active ClpAP complexes. Digitized images of ClpP and ClpA were analyzed using a novel algorithm designed to detect rotational symmetries. ClpP is composed of two rings of seven subunits superimposed in bipolar fashion along the axis of rotational symmetry. This structure is similar to that formed by the beta subunits of the eukaryotic and archaeal proteasomes. In the presence of MgATP, ClpA forms an oligomer with 6-fold symmetry when viewed en face. Side views of ClpA indicate that the subunits are bilobed with the respective domains forming two stacked rings. ClpAP complexes contain a tetradecamer of ClpP flanked at one or both ends with a hexamer of ClpA, resulting in a symmetry mismatch between the axially aligned molecules. Our findings demonstrate that, despite the lack of sequence similarity between ClpAP and proteasomes, these multimeric proteases nevertheless have a profound similarity in their underlying architecture that may reflect a common mechanism of action.
Groups in Academic Social Networking Services--An Exploration of Their Potential as a Platform for Multi-disciplinary Collaboration

The importance of collaborations across geographical, institutional and/or disciplinary boundaries has been widely recognized in research communities, yet there exist a range of obstacles to such collaborations. This study is concerned with understanding the potential of academic social networking services (ASNS) as a medium or platform for cross-disciplinary or multi-disciplinary collaborations. Many ASNS sites allow scholars to form online groups as well as to build up their professional network individually. In this study, we look at the patterns of user participation in online groups in a ASNS site, Mendeley, with an emphasis on assessing the degree to which people from different disciplinary backgrounds gather in these groups. The results show that while there exists a need for better means to facilitate group formation and growth, the groups in Mendeley exhibit a great deal of diversity in their member composition in terms of disciplines. Overall, the findings of this study support the argument that online social networking, especially ASNS, may foster multi-disciplinary collaborations by providing a platform for researchers from diverse backgrounds to find one another and cooperate on issues of common interests.
Nitrogen retention by lambs fed oscillating dietary protein concentrations.

Nitrogen excreted by beef cattle can be retained in manure or lost by volatilization to the atmosphere or by runoff and percolation into surface or ground water. Increasing the retention of dietary N should decrease environmental losses. To this end, the effects of oscillating concentrations of dietary CP on nutrient retention were determined using lambs fed a 90% concentrate diet. Ten St. Croix lambs (average BW = 27 kg) were used in two 5 x 5 Latin square experiments. Dietary treatments were as follows: 1) 10% CP, 2) 12.5% CP, 3) 15% CP, 4) 10% and 15% CP diets oscillated at 24-h intervals, and 5) 10% and 15% CP diets oscillated at 48-h intervals. Supplemental N was provided by cottonseed meal in Trial 1 and by a 50:50 (N basis) blend of cottonseed meal and urea in Trial 2. Each period of the Latin square lasted 35 d, with excreta collection the final 8 d. Nitrogen retention increased linearly (P .10) in either trial (1.62 and 1.56 g/d for Trials 1 and 2, respectively). Oscillating dietary CP at 48-h intervals did not affect N retention in Trial 2 (1.82 g/d) but increased (P <.05) N retention by 38% in Trial 1 (1.87 g/d). Phosphorus, K, and Na retention and excretion were not affected by dietary treatments in Trial 1. In Trial 2, P retention increased (linear, P < .05) with increasing dietary CP and was greater (P < .05) in lambs on the 48-h oscillation treatment than in lambs fed the 12.5% CP diet. These results suggest that oscillating the dietary CP concentrations might potentially increase the utilization of N by ruminants fed high-concentrate diets.
Versatile ion S5XL sequencer for targeted next generation sequencing of solid tumors in a clinical laboratory

Background Next generation sequencing based tumor tissue genotyping involves complex workflow and a relatively longer turnaround time. Semiconductor based next generation platforms varied from low throughput Ion PGM to high throughput Ion Proton and Ion S5XL sequencer. In this study, we compared Ion PGM and Ion Proton, with a new Ion S5XL NGS system for workflow scalability, analytical sensitivity and specificity, turnaround time and sequencing performance in a clinical laboratory. Methods Eighteen solid tumor samples positive for various mutations as detected previously by Ion PGM and Ion Proton were selected for study. Libraries were prepared using DNA (range10-40ng) from micro-dissected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimens using the Ion Ampliseq Library Kit 2.0 for comprehensive cancer (CCP), oncomine comprehensive cancer (OCP) and cancer hotspot panel v2 (CHPv2) panel as per manufacturer’s instructions. The CHPv2 were sequenced using Ion PGM whereas CCP and OCP were sequenced using Ion Proton respectively. All the three libraries were further sequenced individually (S540) or multiplexed (S530) using Ion S5XL. For S5XL, Ion chef was used to automate template preparation, enrichment of ion spheres and chip loading. Data analysis was performed using Torrent Suite 4.6 software on board S5XL and Ion Reporter. A limit of detection and reproducibility studies was performed using serially diluted DLD1 cell line. Results A total of 241 variant calls (235 single nucleotide variants and 6 indels) expected in the studied cohort were successfully detected by S5XL with 100% and 97% concordance with Ion PGM and Proton, respectively. Sequencing run time was reduced from 4.5 to 2.5 hours with output range of 3–5 GB (S530) and 8–9.3Gb (S540). Data analysis time for the Ion S5XL is faster 1 h (S520), 2.5 h (S530) and 5 h (S540) chip, respectively as compared to the Ion PGM (3.5–5 h) and Ion Proton (8h). A limit detection of 5% allelic frequency was established along with high inter-run reproducibility. Conclusion Ion S5XL system simplified workflow in a clinical laboratory, was feasible for running smaller and larger panels on the same instrument, had a shorter turnaround time, and showed good concordance for variant calls with similar sensitivity and reproducibility as the Ion PGM and Proton.
The Ontological Context of the Human Condition: Original Socratic Questions and the Paradox of Learning

This chapter builds on the foregoing analyses to address new themes and is divided into three sections: Section “Plato’s Socrates Attuned Mode of Questioning” considers the “original” nature of Socratic questions and demonstrates how these types of questions that give birth to the inquiry and guide it function to “attune” participants who are opened to a form of understanding that holds the potential to transform their ethical character or disposition. The second section moves to consider the ontological structure of the human condition, attempting to elucidate the context from out of which Socratic inquiry grows and unfolds. It is shown that the human condition is bounded by the horizons of finitude and this indicates that all forms of human knowledge and potential for learning-through-transcendence is radically limited.
Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality for Human-Robot Interaction

The 1st International Workshop on Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality for Human-Robot Interactions (VAM-HRI) will bring together HRI, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, and Mixed Reality researchers to identify challenges in mixed reality interactions between humans and robots. Topics relevant to the workshop include development of robots that can interact with humans in mixed reality, use of virtual reality for developing interactive robots, the design of new augmented reality interfaces that mediate communication between humans and robots, comparisons of the capabilities and perceptions of robots and virtual agents, and best practices for the design of such interactions. VAM-HRI is the first workshop of its kind at an academic AI or Robotics conference, and is intended to serve as a timely call to arms to the academic community in response to the growing promise of this emerging field.
Thallium Lung-to-Heart Quantification: Three Methods of Evaluation

Lung-to-heart quantification, when used in conjunction with visual assessment of 201Tl stress test images, has been found useful in diagnosing cardiac dysfunction. We evaluated three methods of quantification in terms of inter- and intraobserver variability and reproducibility. Fifty anterior 201Tl stress images were quantified by each of the following methods: Method A (sum region), which involved one region of interest (ROI) in the measurement of pulmonary activity relative to that of the myocardium; Method B (count density), which required two ROIs, the lung-to-heart ratio being dependent on count density; and Method C (maximum pixel), which used the gray scale of the computer to determine the most intense pixels in the lung field and myocardium. Statistical evaluation has shown that the three methods assess clinical data equally well. Method C was found to be most reproducible in terms of inter- and intraobserver variability (p = 0.0016 and 0.0083), followed by Methods A (p = 0.0026 and 0.0129) and B (p = 0.0038 and 0.0135). Although nearly equivalent in terms of statistics, the three methods possess inherent differences and therefore should not be used interchangeably without conversion factors.
Is the Supreme Court Sometimes Irrelevant?: Race and the Southern Criminal Justice System in the World War Ii Era

This article considers the impact of Supreme Court criminal procedure decisions on the treatment of blacks by the southern criminal justice system. It considers decisions in the areas of coerced confessions, race discrimination in jury selection, the right to counsel, and the right against mob-dominated trials. The article finds that these Supreme Court rulings had almost no impact. Blacks continued to be almost entirely excluded from juries in criminal cases; law enforcement officers continued to beat black defendants into confessing; and court-appointed white lawyers turned in sham performances. The article also considers the indirect effects of these decisions and the litigation that produced them. Here, the rulings may have been more consequential, in terms of educating blacks about their rights, mobilizing social protest, facilitating NAACP branch-building and fund-raising, and instructing oblivious whites about the egregiousness of Jim Crow conditions. Finally, the article considers why Supreme Court criminal procedure rulings were so much less efficacious (for southern blacks) than contemporaneous Court decisions invalidating the white primary and mandating the admission of blacks to southern public universities.
A Children's Rights Perspective Dissent from Obergefell

This “dissent” was produced for a book project organized by Professor Jack Balkin of Yale Law School. Each participant was assigned a role to play on the subject of “What Obergefell Should Have Said.” In my role as a dissenting Justice, I offered a “children’s well-being” lens on the question of the legalization of same-sex marriage. During the national debate over same-sex marriage, in both legal and cultural milieux, the subject of children was often raised but poorly explored. This dissent fully states the argument for children as the most important part of the argument for maintaining marriage as opposite-sexed. Such an argument should have been embedded all along within family law, but was rather often expressed only sociologically or psychologically. The dissent demonstrates first that prior to same-sex marriage, every Supreme Court opinion, and the vast majority of state marriage laws, understood marriage recognition as a legal tool for managing the consequences of heterosexual romantic pairings. In short, marriage encouraged romantically-involved opposite-sex couples to channel procreation into marriage given children’s long-run needs for stability and care from their parents. This comported with family law’s default position:, children are the vulnerable parties requiring priority care from both parents and the state. In the face of a federal constitutional right to same-sex marriage, however, the general welfare of children cannot any longer ground any state’s marriage recognition law. Instead, Americans are given to understand that the state has no special interest in linking children with their mother and father or kin. Second, the dissent articulates the conflict between the Casey v. Planned Parenthood substantive due process formula, and broadly accepted standards for finding unemumerated constitutional rights outside of sexual expression cases. It also shows how the Casey formula fails to account for, and even clashes with, children’s rights or interests in identity, in liberty, and in fashioning the meaning of their own lives. Finally, this dissent responds to the often heard legal (and cultural) accusation that only animus against homosexuals could account for the resurgence of a children’s welfare position within the same-sex marriage debate. To the contrary, there were emerging signs that law and culture were beginning to learn from their mistake of overlooking children. Pertinent legal reforms showcase this. It is also a troubling argument that uses past carelessness or ignorance regarding children’s interests as a warrant for more of the same.
Fruit Trees 3D Data Acquisition and Reconstruction Based on Multi-source

In order to realize three-dimensional reconstruction of canopy at different growth stages of fruit trees, 3D data acquisition methods and canopy reconstruction methods were studied. Based on the analysis of morphological and structural changes in fruit phonological phase, and integrating the advantages of different data acquisition techniques, the data acquisition method of fruit tree morphological structure based on multi-source is proposed. In the dormant period, the canopy skeleton is extracted based on point cloud data; in the leaf curtain stage, a new artificial coding method of canopy structure is constructed, and the data of new shoots and leafs is obtained efficiently; and organ template data is obtained synchronously, and the organ template library is constructed. Then, a multi-source data fusion modeling method is proposed to reconstruct the three-dimensional canopy of fruit trees at different growth stages. And the feasibility of the method is verified by 12 year old open central leader system apple trees, the results show that compared with the manual data acquisition method, the method improves the efficiency by more than 5 times, and the error rate is less than 6%. It provides a feasible scheme for the continuous data acquisition and canopy 3D reconstruction of fruit trees, so as to provide technical support for virtual modeling, scientific calculation and experimental simulations.
Myeloid Sarcoma Involving the Central Nervous System: A Rare Entity Mimicking Meningioma (P3.159)

Objective: To report a very rare neoplasm, myeloid sarcoma of the CNS, which may mimic meningioma on imaging. Background: Myeloid sarcoma (MS) is a neoplasm consisting of myeloid blasts, with or without maturation, occurring at extramedullary sites. MS can involve many sites, however, occurrences in the central nervous system (CNS) are very rare and may arise prior to, during or upon remission of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML). We are reporting a case of MS involving the CNS to add one more case to the limited literature (12 cases). Design/Methods: A 30 year-old male presented with one month of headaches, nausea, vomiting, and blurry vision. Cranial MRI showed multiple extra-axial hyperintense masses, presumed to be meningiomas, predominantly in the right cerebellopontine angle and left cranial fossa with associated mass effect. The patient underwent craniotomy for the posterior fossa mass. Results: Intraoperative cytological imprints showed abundant non-cohesive neoplastic cells with a high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio, with some cells having an eccentrically placed nucleus and basophilic cytoplasm. Permanent sections showed sheets of tumor cells with scant cytoplasm that was basophilic and faintly granular. The nuclear morphology was predominantly myeloid with a subset of cells appearing lymphoid. Immunohistochemistry showed strong cytoplasmic staining for lysozyme, rare scattered positivity for CD3, and many with moderate immunoreactivity to CD68. The cells were negative for CD20, CD79a, OSCAR, and EMA. A final diagnosis of MS was rendered, and the patient disclosed in retrospect, that he had been treated for AML nine years previously. Conclusions: MS in AML patients is well described, but CNS involvement is rare. The hematolymphoid neoplasms mimicking meningioma are primary CNS lymphoma, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and MS. In our case, the immunohistochemical profile was characteristic of MS. This report highlights that though rare, it is important to keep MS on the differential diagnosis of dural based masses. Disclosure: Dr. Goodman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Agudo MD has nothing to disclose.
Lack of fetal effect from adenosine administration in a pregnant patient

Supraventricular Tachycardias are the most common cardiac rhythm disturbances in pregnant patients. Adenosine is the recommended medication to treat these arrhythmias in part because the medication is projected to be metabolized prior to crossing the placenta and producing any fetal effects. Reported here is a case of a pregnant patient treated with adenosine in which the fetal heart activity was monitored through point of care ultrasonography with documentation of no fetal impact from this medication. This is the first documentation of a lack of fetal effect from adenosine.
Dexrazoxane preferentially mitigates doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in female children with sarcoma.

Objective We sought to determine how sex and dexrazoxane therapy influence cardiac remodelling in children with sarcoma receiving high-dose doxorubicin. Methods In a retrospective cohort of 85 children with sarcoma receiving high-dose doxorubicin, echocardiography measures prior to, early after (within 6 months of doxorubicin completion) and 1 – 2 years after doxorubicin completion were quantified. At each follow-up visit, multivariable, propensity-adjusted linear regression models evaluated dexrazoxane’s effects on changes in left ventricular (LV) shortening fraction (SF), structure, strain and wall stress for subgroups divided by sex. Likelihood ratio tests assessed the interaction between sex and dexrazoxane in determining these changes. Results Early after doxorubicin completion, males not treated with dexrazoxane (n = 15) developed increased cavity size and diminished circumferential strain; females (n = 8) developed diminished SF and strain indices, and increased cavity size and wall stress. With dexrazoxane, males (n = 33) demonstrated less deterioration in circumferential strain by 3.4% (95% CI 0.01 to 6.8), and females (n = 29) demonstrated less reduction in SF by 5.7% (95% CI 2.1 to 9.3), and had mitigation of increases in cavity size and wall stress. In interaction analyses, females had greater protection with dexrazoxane with regard to SF (p = 0.019) and cavity size in diastole (p = 0.002) and systole (p ≤ 0.001). These findings largely persisted 1 – 2 years after doxorubicin therapy. Conclusions Early, sustained alterations in LV structure and function occur in children with sarcoma after high-dose doxorubicin, with adverse changes and protective effects of dexrazoxane more pronounced in females as compared with males. Dexrazoxane may have sex-specific cardioprotective effects.
Two Decades After McMartin: A Follow-up of 22 Convicted Day Care Employees

It has been more that two decades since the notorious McMartin Preschool case created a day care ritual abuse master-narrative that recruited many social workers into becoming involved in case-finding, investigations, interviewing and advocacy. The purpose of this article is threefold: it introduces a sample of 22 day care employees who were convicted in day care ritual abuse cases; it updates their current legal status; and it discusses the relevance of these cases to social workers who currently are being recruited by today's new master narratives about extrafamilial sexual threats to children, whether from neighborhood pedophiles, child pornographers, parish priests or internet predators.
Sulfur adsorption on coinage metal(100) surfaces: propensity for metal–sulfur complex formation relative to (111) surfaces

Experimental data from low-temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (LTSTM) studies on coinage metal surfaces with very low coverages of S is providing new insights into metal–S interactions. A previous LTSTM study for Cu(100), and a new analysis reported here for Ag(100), both indicate no metal–sulfur complex formation, but an Au4S5 complex was observed previously on Au(100). In marked contrast, various complexes have been proposed and/or observed on Ag(111) and Cu(111), but not on Au(111). Also, exposure to trace amounts of S appears to enhance mass transport far more dramatically on (111) than on (100) surfaces for Cu and Ag, a feature tied to the propensity for complex formation. Motivated by these observations, we present a comprehensive assessment at the level of DFT to assess the existence and stability of complexes on (100) surfaces, and compare results with previous analyses for (111) surfaces. Consistent with experiment, our DFT analysis finds no stable complexes on Ag(100) and Cu(100), but several exist for Au(100). In addition, we systematically relate stability for adsorbed and gas-phase species within the framework of Hess's law. We thereby provide key insight into the various energetic contributions to stability which in turn elucidates the difference in behavior between (100) and (111) surfaces.