cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Direct Test of the Differentiation Mechanism: REM, BCDMEM, and the Strength-Based Mirror Effect in Recognition Memory.

We explore competing explanations for the reduction in false alarm rate observed when studied items are strengthened. Some models, such as Retrieving Effectively from Memory (REM; Shiffrin & Steyvers, 1997), attribute the false alarm rate reduction to differentiation, a process in which strengthening memory traces at study directly reduces the memory evidence for lure items. Models with no differentiation mechanism, such as the Bind-Cue-Decide Model of Episodic Memory (BCDMEM; Dennis & Humphreys, 2001), explain the false alarm rate reduction in terms of the strength of items expected at retrieval. To contrast these explanations, we separately manipulated item strength at encoding and retrieval. Participants studied mixed lists of weak and strong items. Weak items were always presented once. On separate lists, strong items were either presented twice (Strong-2X) or five times (Strong-5X). Within each strength condition, participants completed separate tests with mixed (strong and weak) targets, pure weak targets, or pure strong targets. They were correctly informed of the type of target on each test. Results showed that false alarm rates decreased from the strong-2X condition to the strong-5X condition for the mixed and pure-strong tests, but not for the pure-weak tests. That is, false alarm rates were determined by the strength of targets appearing on the test, not by the content of the study list. The results support BCDMEM's expectation-based explanation and not REM's differentiation-based explanation.
Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 3 Deficiency Delays Cutaneous Wound Healing

Wound healing consists of a complex, dynamic and overlapping process involving inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling. A better understanding of wound healing process at the molecular level is needed for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) controls programmed necrosis in response to TNF-α during inflammation and has been shown to be highly induced during cutaneous wound repair. However, its role in wound healing remains to be demonstrated. To study this, we created dorsal cutaneous wounds on male wild-type (WT) and RIPK3-deficient (Ripk3-/-) mice. Wound area was measured daily until day 14 post-wound and skin tissues were collected from wound sites at various days for analysis. The wound healing rate in Ripk3-/- mice was slower than the WT mice over the 14-day course; especially, at day 7, the wound size in Ripk3-/- mice was 53% larger than that of WT mice. H&E and Masson-Trichrome staining analysis showed impaired quality of wound closure in Ripk3-/- wounds with delayed re-epithelialization and angiogenesis and defected granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition compared to WT. The neutrophil infiltration pattern was altered in Ripk3-/- wounds with less neutrophils at day 1 and more neutrophils at day 3. This altered pattern was also reflected in the differential expression of IL-6, KC, IL-1β and TNF-α between WT and Ripk3-/- wounds. MMP-9 protein expression was decreased with increased Timp-1 mRNA in the Ripk3-/- wounds compared to WT. The microvascular density along with the intensity and timing of induction of proangiogenic growth factors VEGF and TGF-β1 were also decreased or delayed in the Ripk3-/- wounds. Furthermore, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from Ripk3-/- mice migrated less towards chemoattractants TGF-β1 and PDGF than MEFs from WT mice. These results clearly demonstrate that RIPK3 is an essential molecule to maintain the temporal manner of the normal progression of wound closure.
Cases 27–65

A 73-year-old Caucasian woman presented with hematemesis. She had been diagnosed with cryptogenic cirrhosis several years previously but her disease was well compensated. She was seen at a local hospital and underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) that demonstrated no signs of esophageal varices but a large mass in the fundus and some nodular changes in the stomach. The concern was for a gastric malignancy. She is transfused and sent to you for further investigation.
Commercialism, Capitalism, and Celebration

Traditional holidays in the United States have become remarkable for the amount of commercial activity (Christmas, Halloween). When it is recognized that rituals, festivals, and celebrations are often dramatic symbolic enactments of the culture that produced them, one realizes that it is inevitable that such a class of events would exist. Often the commercialization of holidays starts with the recognition of traditional customs and activities customs are recognized as potentially profitable and exploitable by various industrial interests, and are commercialized as a result. Another, somewhat different, process involves the attempt to translate a custom or a practice associated with a particular holiday to a different festival. The third process focuses on the translations of festive year into mass media (music, film, literature) where one obvious dynamic in the commercialization of a holiday is the fit between the holiday and the genre in question. What is ultimately most interesting is how people actually use the mass media and commercial goods. People continue to adapt their customs and traditions and create new ones; they use the products of mass culture to create meaning within the contexts of their own priorities and their own lives. Celebrations require personal interaction, and it is within the realm of interpersonal communication that real social bonds are created and maintained. Tradicionalni prazniki v ZDA so izjemni po vseobsežni komercializaciji (najbolj božic, nato noc carovnic). Ker so rituali, festivali in praznovanja pogosto dramaticne simbolicne uprizoritve kulture, katere produkt so, je neogibno, da so tudi del porabniske kulture. Avtor komercializacijo opazuje na vec na vec ravneh: pogosto se zacne z ugotovitvijo, da so tradicionalne sege in aktivnosti vnovcljive: komercializaciji je podvržen ves kontekst enega samega praznika (industrija poskrbi za vso tradicionalno praznicno opravo); nekoliko drugacen proces je poskus prenosa znacilnosti enega praznika na druge; tretji pa je prevajane praznicnega leta v množicne medije (literatura, glasba, film), pri cemer dinamika komercializacije temelji na ujemanju praznika in žanra. Najzanimivejse pa je, kako ljudje uporabljajo medije in komercialne produkte. Prilagajajo si sege in izrocila in ustvarjajo nova, uporabljajo množicne produkte, da si osmisljajo svoje želje in življenje. Praznovanj ni brez osebnih stikov in prave socialne vezi se ustvarjajo in vzdržujejo le z medcloveskimi stiki in komunikacijo.
The Resolution of a Systemically Important Insurance Company during the Great Depression

This paper explores the economic issues related to systemically important insurance companies, using an example from the Great Depression, the National Surety Company. National Surety was a large and diverse insurance company that experienced a major crisis in 1933 due to losses from its guarantees of mortgage-backed securities. A liquidity crisis ensued, as policyholders staged a massive run on the company, demanding the return of their unearned premiums. The New York State Insurance Commissioner stepped in with a reorganization plan that split the company in two, out of fear that a disorderly liquidation would have systemic consequences given the sheer number of the company's counterparties, scattered all across the United States. A key dynamic of the crisis was that policy holders at an insurance company have a dual role as holders of liabilities and as providers of income.
“Money is the Only Advantage”: Reconsidering the History of Gender, Labor, and Emigration among US Teachers in the Late Nineteenth Century

Lacking the power to improve the terms and conditions of school teaching at home, more than seventy US women migrated to work for the Argentine government in the last third of the nineteenth century. Only a few studies have researched this episode in the history of teachers, interpreting it as an uplifting, civilizing mission and characterizing the teachers as valiant, benevolent, and occasionally misguided reformers. Yet these migrant teachers' own words suggest that the desire to uplift played little part in their migration decisions, whereas low pay and limited employment opportunities for women figured prominently. Drawing on diaries, correspondence, newspapers, and census records, this study explores how these migrant teachers understood themselves, their work, and their social location. The analysis offers new insight into these teachers' identities as workers both at home and abroad. While acknowledging how teachers' labor served reform objectives, the essay argues that the long history of teaching in the United States needs to be reconsidered as a labor history.
Frequent Migraines and Obesity in Children and Adolescents (P04.261)

Objective: To estimate the magnitude of the association between overweight, moderate and extreme childhood obesity and the risk of frequent migraines in children and adolescents. Background In adults, obesity appears to increase the risk and severity of migraines. Whether a similar relationship exists in childhood is unclear. Design/Methods: Risk estimates were obtained from the Kaiser Permanente Southern California Children9s Health Study (n=913,178). Weight classes were assigned by body mass index (BMI) specific for age and sex. An electronic algorithm to identify children with frequent migraines was developed and validated. This algorithm was used to identify all children who sought care on 3 or more occasions primarily for migraines between 2006 and 2009. Results: We identified 11,469 children with frequent migraines (1.26%), the majority of which were girls (65.6%), age 12-19 (78.4%) and Hispanic (48.4%). The odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals of frequent migraine with increasing weight class adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity and neighborhood education were 1.00 normal weight (reference category), 1.11 (1.05-1.17) overweight, 1.23 (1.15-1.31) moderately obese, and 1.26 (1.16-1.36) extremely obese for 12-19 year olds, respectively (p for trend Conclusions: In our population childhood obesity modestly increases the risk of frequent migraines in adolescents but not younger children. Moderately and extremely obese adolescents were 23-26% more likely than normal weight children to have frequent migraines. Our findings suggest that the childhood obesity epidemic is likely to lead to increased morbidity from migraines particularly among white, non-Hispanic teenage girls. Disclosure: Dr. Herman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Koebnick has nothing to disclose. Dr. Potrebic has nothing to disclose. Dr. Smith has nothing to disclose. Dr. Langer-Gould has nothing to disclose.
Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of sexually transmitted disease in Wuchuan Autonomous County, 2005-2012

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of sexually transmitted disease(STD) of Gelao and Miao nationality in Wuchuan Autonomous County, 2005-2012. Methods The method of descriptive epidemiology was carried out to analyze the epidemic data on STD in Wuchuan Autonomous County during the period of 2005 to 2012. Results There were 112 cases who got the STD between 2005 and 2012, and the average annual incidence was 3.2/100, 000. What's more, the incidence in2011 was 13.67/100, 000, which was the highest one, and the next happened in 2012 year(2.98/100, 000). The cases of female represented the total of 62.5%. As for the age of onset, the period of 31 to 40 held more proportion(37.5%), then the 21 to 30 was followed(27.68%), and the cases in 41 to 50 took 23.21%. Meanwhile, the greatest onset age was 68 years old. In terms of occupations, peasants accounted for the 58.04% of total, and second was housework and unemployment(19.64%). Gonorrhea was to happen more often, accounting for the 86.61%. Reported cases more focused on summer that represented the 52.3% of all patients.Conclusion The main STD is gonorrhea. The disease has obvious gender, age and occupation distribution, and the morbidity is on the rise. We should strengthen the health education propaganda, intervene the target population, and reduce the incidence and the harm of STD.
The effect of temperature and hematocrit level of oxygenated cardioplegic solutions on myocardial preservation

The ideal temperature and hematocrit level of blood cardioplegia has not been clearly established. This study was undertaken (a) to determine the optimal temperature of blood cardioplegia and (b) to study the effect of hematocrit levels in blood cardioplegia. A comparison of myocardial preservation was done among seven groups of animals on the basis of variations in hematocrit levels and temperature of oxygenated cardioplegic solution. The experimental protocol consisted of a 2-hour hypothermic cardioplegic arrest followed by 1 hour of normothermic reperfusion. Group 1 received oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegic solution at 10 degrees C. Groups 2 through 7 received oxygenated blood cardioplegic solution with the following hematocrit values and temperatures: (2) 10%, 10 degrees C; (3) 10%, 20 degrees C; (4) 10%, 30 degrees C; (5) 20%, 10 degrees C; (6) 20%, 20 degrees C; and (7) 20%, 30 degrees C. Parameters studied include coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen extraction, myocardial oxygen consumption, and myocardial high-energy phosphate levels of adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate during control (prearrest), arrest, and reperfusion. Myocardial oxygen consumption at 30 degrees C during arrest was significantly higher than at 10 degrees C and 20 degrees C, which indicates continued aerobic metabolic activity at higher temperature. Myocardial oxygen consumption and the levels of adenosine triphosphate and creatine phosphate during reperfusion were similar in all seven groups. Myocardial oxygen extraction (a measure of metabolic function after ischemia) during initial reperfusion was significantly lower in the 30 degrees C blood group than in the 10 degrees C blood group at either hematocrit level and in the oxygenated crystalloid group, which suggests inferior preservation. The hematocrit level of blood cardioplegia did not affect adenosine triphosphate or myocardial oxygen consumption or extraction. It appears from this study that blood cardioplegia at 10 degrees C and oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegia at 10 degrees C are equally effective. Elevating blood cardioplegia temperature to 30 degrees C, however, reduces the ability of the solution to preserve metabolic function regardless of hematocrit level. Therefore, the level of hypothermia is important in blood cardioplegia, whereas hematocrit level has no detectable impact, and cold oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegia is as effective as hypothermic blood cardioplegia.
The family Trypetheliaceae (Loculoascomycetes: lichenized Melanommatales) in Amazonian Brazil.

The family Trypetheliaceae is redefined including a key to the genera. Exiliseptum gen. nov. is described. Keys to the species are provided for the six genera which occur in Amazonian Brazil along with brief comments on the three other genera. Thirty-five species are included, tem new species described and ten new combinations proposed.
Probability of Secrecy Capacity of the MISO System with an Eavesdropper

In this paper, we investigate the information- theoretic secrecy for an m-by-1 MISO system with an eavesdropper. We derive several closed-form formulas for the outage probability and the probability of strictly positive secrecy capacity for the concerned system. Moreover, a lower bound of the outage probability is also presented.
Italy as “One Country, Two Systems”

Italy, like Germany, was late to achieve political and economic unification, doing so only in 1860, and its incomes lagged behind those of its west European neighbors as recently as 1950. From a broad perspective, Italy serves as an example of how a unified country with relatively developed institutions can take advantage of the opportunities provided by a larger market to converge toward the income level of its richer partners.
A comparison of performance and preference on mobile devices vs. desktop computers

Smartphones and desktop computers are ubiquitous in today's world. Due to the improved computing power and high portability of smartphone devices, users are performing more sophisticated tasks on their smartphones. This study compares the performance of a web-based task on a desktop computer with a mobile-based task on a smartphone. In addition, we have compared the overall user experience and preference across the two devices. In order to achieve this, we created a mobile-based word game for an Android mobile platform and a web-based version of the same word game for a browser platform. Sixty participants were instructed to complete the tasks on both devices. Our results show that while performance on the computer-based game was significantly better than performance on the mobile-based game, people preferred to play on the smartphone rather than the desktop computer. People preferred smartphones over desktop computers on account of their touch-screen features, portability and ease of use, even though they actually performed the task more efficiently on the desktop computers.
Achieving Economic Feasibility for Moderate-Value Food and Flavor Additives

Except for very high value food additives, even the ‘best case’ scenario of highly productive, fast growing cultures, is not likely to be economically feasible in existing technology. The problems of feasibility are not generally due to inherent engineering scale-up problems, or inadequate cellular productivities. There are many examples where reasonably fast-growing cell lines have been selected which have product levels in excess of 10%, and in some cases approaching one third of the biomass dry weight. Despite the tremendous productivity, many of these potential products face an uncertain future due to the high production costs of aseptic bioprocess technology. Rather than focus only on productivity or product value, this chapter suggests the complimentary approach of reducing production costs towards achieving economic feasibility. As a demonstration of this cost reduction paradigm, preliminary results are presented on the growth of plant cell cultures in uncontrolled, simple and inexpensive plastic-lined vessel. Alternative sterilization techniques are demonstrated for further cost reduction. Sustained specific growth rates of 0.22 day’ forH. muticuscell suspension cultures are achieved in this low cost reactor configuration which is comparable to an ‘optimized’ stirred tank reactor.
Brookite and anatase nanomaterial polymorphs of TiO2 synthesized from TiCl3

Abstract Synthesis of anatase and brookite was achieved under mild conditions in aqueous solution. In addition, mixtures of brookite and rutile as well as mixtures of the anatase and rutile polymorphs were observed at different temperatures. It was observed that temperatures above 80 °C produced anatase and brookite phases, exclusively. The samples prepared using the acetate synthesis showed on average bandgap around 2.95–3.0 eV and brookite was observed. Whereas the samples prepared using the sulfate synthesis showed and bandgap from 3.1 to 3.2 eV and anatase was observed. In addition, the average grain size of the brookite and anatase phase synthesized at 100 °C were 9.7 and 12 nm, respectively, as determined from XRD.
‘Walk like a penguin’: Older Minnesotans' experiences of (non)therapeutic white space

Abstract Therapeutic landscapes represent a lively field of inquiry in health geography. The health benefits of green and blue spaces feature prominently across this literature, and generate rich understanding of how it feels to encounter and move through natural environments. Juxtaposed against an abundant scholarship on green and blue (and growing attention to broader ‘palettes of place’ including grey and brown landscapes), white spaces – environmental snow and ice – have yet to be investigated. Research on everyday experiences of snow and ice is limited, particularly for older adults potentially more vulnerable to climactic conditions given health and mobility limitations. This study aimed to characterize white space impacts on the perceived well-being of older adults. Interviews were conducted with community-dwelling men and women (n = 125, mean age 71 years) in the Minneapolis metropolitan area from June to October 2015. Extended participant observation with a sub-sample of participants (n = 6, mean age 71 years) was conducted from September 2015 to August 2016. Qualitative thematic analyses of participant statements, experiences, and understandings of harsh winter weather conditions illuminated how white spaces can both promote and diminish physical, mental, and social well-being. White spaces were fluid and relational, with potentially therapeutic effects uniquely negotiated by each participant. The findings conceive of therapeutic landscapes as contradictory spaces that can simultaneously heal and harm. The paper enriches knowledge of how (non)therapeutic landscapes operate through dynamic, embodied, and emotional geographic experiences. Articulations of ambiguity and nuance inherent to therapeutic landscapes throughout the paper deepen understanding of social determinants of health.
Management of Stroke risk in atrial fibrillation patients with bleeding on Oral Anticoagulation Therapy-Role of Left Atrial Appendage Closure, Octreotide and more.

Background Bleeding complications especially gastrointestinal bleeding remains a major challenge associated with oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) and often leads clinicians to withdraw oral anticoagulation therapy (OAT) . This exposes patients to risk of stroke and systemic thromboembolism (STE). Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have proved no better when it comes to bleeding events and in fact studies have shown that overall NOACs are associated with higher incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding compared to warfarin . Objectives In this review, we describe the difficulties encountered in managing OAT in patients with bleeding and strategies to maneuver around these bleeding complications particularly gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and other vascular abnormalities. Findings Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) has emerged as a very elegant and promising tool for stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who are intolerant to OAT. But the need for OAT post procedure for a brief period is becoming a major hurdle for clinicians to pursue in this direction in patients with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeds. And in majority of cases, recurrent or refractory gastrointestinal bleeds are usually secondary to arteriovenous malformations/angiodysplasias (AVM/AD). We suggest that the problem has to be approached by decreasing or eliminating the acute bleeding risk and closing the LAA in the long term, to enable the patients to come off of OAT and minimize the risk of recurrent bleeding.
Optical detection of abnormal skin scarring

Topically applied spherical nucleic acids targeting an intracellular mRNA biomarker associated with abnormal scarring enable the fluorescent detection of abnormal scars during wound healing.
LC-MS/MS assay for N1-methylnicotinamide in humans, an endogenous probe for renal transporters.

Background: N1-methylnicotinamide (1-NMN) has been proposed as a potential clinical biomarker to assess drug–drug interactions involving organic cation transporters (OCT2) and multidrug and toxin e...
Strategies to Reduce Blood Loss in Robotic Inferior Vena Cava Thrombectomy

Abstract Introduction: Renal neoplasms with inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus represent a complex surgical challenge. The reported incidence in the literature ranges from 4% to 10%.1 There ha...
An experimental study of WiFi performance impact due to SSC spread-percentage and modulation frequency

The RFI impact of spread-spectrum clock (SSC) on WiFi throughput, with respect to different spread-percentage and modulation frequency is studied experimentally for the first time. Based on the measurement, degradation of WiFi throughput is a function of SSC spread-percentage. At RFI level of −100 dBm/100 kHz, 1% SSC decreases WiFi throughput by 78% more compared to an non-spread clock. On the other hand, enabling SSC can improve WiFi performance in end-user scenario. When RFI level of an non-spread clock is below −84 dBm/100 kHz, enabling SSC improves WiFi throughput by around 10%. Furthermore, impact of SSC on WiFi performance can be reduced by using faster modulation frequency. Throughput is enhanced by 29% when 1% SSC modulation freuquency is increased from 33 kHz to 200 kHz. This paper provides designers with insights to the potential benefit and risk of SSC with different configuration and devise RFI mitigation strategy in future platforms accordingly.
Portals and Access Services

We are facing a flood of information every day. It is a challenge to find the information we need and filter out all the non relevant data. Portal services help to get a more structured and user centric access to content. They provide channels bundling content related to specific topics. The physical network access can be part of the offering too. The portal company often exposes the front-end interface integrating other embedded service providers, which contribute content or applications. That concept is quite similar to today’s shopping malls.
Discovering Additional Chemical and Biological Functions for 3-Oxo-N-Acylhomoserine Lactones

Introduction The term quorum sensing has been coined to describe the ability of a population of unicellular bacteria to act as a multicellular organism in a cell-density-dependent manner, that is, a way to sense “how many are out there” [1]. Bacteria use small diffusible molecules to exchange information amongst themselves. An important class of autoinducers is the family of N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) used by Gram negative bacteria. Variation in N-acyl chain length and oxidation state of AHLs provide for bacterial strain specificity in the signaling process and subsequent synchronization of gene expression. Upon reaching a critical threshold concentration, they bind to their cognate receptor proteins, triggering the expression of target genes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common environmental microorganism that has acquired the ability to take advantage of weaknesses in the host immune system to become an opportunistic pathogen in humans [2]. Over the last ten years, significant progress has been made in elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying P. aeruginosa pathogenicity. Two different AHLs, N-(3-oxododecanoyl) homoserine lactone 1 and N-butyrylhomoserine lactone, have been identified as the main quorum sensing signaling molecules in P. aeruginosa [3]. Importantly, genes regulated by this mechanism control the expression of virulence factors as well as the formation of structures known as biofilms [4]. Recently, we have assigned new roles for these compounds through the demonstration that 1 performs a previously unrecognized role; the autoinducer itself and a corresponding degradation product derived from an unusual Claisen-like condensation reaction function as innate bactericidal agents [5].
Prescribing Exercise for Patients with Diabetes

Exercise prescription for patients with diabetes follows guidelines regarding frequency, intensity, duration, and mode of exercise established for patients participating in a medically supervised exercise program. Physicians and health care professionals should devise an exercise care plan that maximizes the benefits and minimizes the risks for each patient. The distinction between prescribing exercise for patients with T1DM and patients with T2DM with and without DRCs is reviewed. The question whether to exercise or not based on hyperglycemia /hypoglycemia is presented. It is highly recommended that health care professionals incorporate progressive resistance training and lifestyle-based physical activity into the exercise prescription for patients with diabetes. Health care professionals should be knowledgeable about diabetic medications to avoid the potential for hypoglycemia associated with exercise.
Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Patients With Delirium

In general, the treatment of delirium is broken down into three parts—psychiatric management, environmental and supportive interventions, and somatic interventions. In the broadest terms, the underlying cause of the delirium should be sought and treated if possible. Behavioral and environmental intervention should be optimized and instituted first. If necessary, to prevent patient distress or harm, pharmacological interventions should be instituted, the mainstay of which is haloperidol therapy.
Llevando a Bourdieu a los márgenes urbanos

Este articulo examina la forma en que experimentan el tiempo los residentes de una barriada altamente contaminada en el Buenos Aires contemporaneo. Inspirandome en la perspectiva de Bourdieu, considero al tiempo como un elemento constitutivo de la accion social y a la espera como una modalidad clave para experimentar los efectos del poder. De este modo, inspecciono los encuentros rutinarios entre los pobres y el Estado para revelar la textura temporal de la subordinacion politica en la periferia de la ciudad. Al ser forzados recurrentemente a acomodarse y ceder a las exigencias cronologicas y a los dictados practicos del Estado, los pobres urbanos reciben cada dia una leccion sutil, y generalmente no explicita, sobre el funcionamiento de la dominacion. Llevar a Bourdieu a los margenes contaminados de una urbe latinoamericana nos permite ver que los marginados, ademas de envenenados, son constantemente obligados a esperar que todo venga de actores mas poderosos, convirtiendose en el opuesto de los ciudadanos: pacientes del Estado.
Economic viability of multiple algal biorefining pathways and the impact of public policies

Abstract This study presents an extensive systems-level multi-pathway sustainability assessment of algae biofuel production that demonstrates the necessity of high-value co-products, examines the impact of public policy scenarios, and identifies improvements and pathway directions required for economic viability. Engineering process models for several fuel and co-product pathways were leveraged to perform high fidelity techno-economic analysis. These pathways included: baseline hydrothermal liquefaction; protein extraction followed by hydrothermal liquefaction; fractionation into high-value chemicals with fermentation followed by hydrothermal liquefaction for fuels; and a small-scale first-of-a-kind plant coupled with a wastewater treatment facility. From these models, it was shown that hydrothermal liquefaction as a fuel-only pathway is not economically viable. Likewise, the benefits of coupling with wastewater water treatment are insignificant compared to the impact of reduced facility size resulting in increased capital costs. These models were also used to examine public policy scenarios, uniquely presenting their impact on the breakeven cost of fuel production and sensitivity to scenario assumptions. Specifically, depreciation type was shown to be irrelevant for writeoffs faster than 10 years. Due to discounting, short-term subsidies were found to capture 50% of the subsidy value in 6 years with an additional 24 years required for full subsidy valuation. Integration of a carbon economy was shown to decrease biofuel production costs, particularly for the protein pathway due to the co-product accounting. Finally, a metric of normalized costs was used to compare algal biorefineries to corn and cellulosic ethanol production, showing that algal systems are uniquely different due to significantly higher capital costs, though operational costs are comparable. This work demonstrates that, to reach economic viability, algal biofuel production must either utilize higher value non-fuel co-products or achieve drastic reductions in capital costs.
The safety and tolerability of PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitors in hematologic malignancies: A meta-analysis.

e14131Background: The safety of programmed death receptor and ligand-1 (PD-1/PDL-1) inhibitors in hematologic cancers is not well-defined. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate their safety. ...
Neo-European Wests: Frontiers of Empire, 1607–1754

This chapter looks at the period 1607 to 1754—from the establishment of the first permanent European settlements in Indigenous North America to the eve of the French and Indian War—during the first phase of the War for North America. It traces and interprets events during this period, within the book’s main themes: conquest (invasion and occupation); dispossession (theft of Indigenous lands and resources); depopulation (the logic of elimination and the genocidal imperative); and repopulation (supplanting the Indigenous inhabitants). It also summarizes the demographic and geopolitical outcome of the first phase of the Anglo-American settler-colonial supplanting project.
Increasing men’s involvement in responsible parenthood: national-level policy efforts in Croatia, India, and Mexico

Since the ratification of the International Conference on Population and Development Programme of Action (ICPD PoA), the importance of promoting men’s participation in childcare has been recognized...
A theory of contact resistance under AC conditions

Electrical contact is an important issue to high power microwave sources, pulsed power systems, field emitters, thin film devices and integrated circuits, interconnects, etc. Contact resistance and the enhanced ohmic heating that results have been treated mostly under steady state (DC) condition. In this paper, we consider the AC contact resistance for a simple geometry, namely, that of two semi-infinite slab conductors of different thicknesses joined at z = 0, with current flowing in the z-direction. The conductivity of the two planar slabs may assume different values. We propose a procedure to accurately calculate the normalized contact resistance under the assumption σ ≫ ω ϵ, where ω is the frequency, σ is the electrical conductivity, and ϵ is the dielectric constant of the material in either channel. We found that in the low frequency limit, the normalized AC contact resistance reduces to the DC case, which was solved exactly by Zhang and Lau. At very high frequency, we found that the normalized contact resistance is proportional to ω, in which case the resistive skin depth becomes the effective channel width, and the physical origin of the contact resistance is identified. The transition between the high and low frequency limits was explored, where, in some cases, the normalized contact resistance may become negative, meaning that the total resistance is less than the total bulk resistance expected from the two current channels. In other cases, the numerical data suggest that the normalized contact resistance is proportional to ω in the transition region. Other issues are addressed.
A decision to live.

![Figure][1] When I was a comprehensive family physician, I marveled at how some of my patients were able to find the resilience to cope with the desperate times in their lives. Thirteen years ago, my life looked a lot like yours. Now, it has irrevocably changed as I have faced the personal
Structural basis for membrane insertion by the human ER membrane protein complex

A defining step in the biogenesis of a membrane protein is the insertion of its hydrophobic transmembrane helices into the lipid bilayer. The nine-subunit endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein complex (EMC) is a conserved co- and posttranslational insertase at the ER. We determined the structure of the human EMC in a lipid nanodisc to an overall resolution of 3.4 angstroms by cryo–electron microscopy, permitting building of a nearly complete atomic model. We used structure-guided mutagenesis to demonstrate that substrate insertion requires a methionine-rich cytosolic loop and occurs via an enclosed hydrophilic vestibule within the membrane formed by the subunits EMC3 and EMC6. We propose that the EMC uses local membrane thinning and a positively charged patch to decrease the energetic barrier for insertion into the bilayer.
Ternary Phase Diagram of Water/Bio-Oil/Organic Solvent for Bio-Oil Fractionation

Separating bio-oil by fractionation with different chemical compositions is a critical step to refine these oils and obtain high-value products. Cold water precipitation of pyrolytic lignin from bi...
The Right to Property and the Principle of Justifiable Interference: The Ghanaian Perspective

A property right is the exclusive authority to determine how a resource is used i.e. whether the resource is owned by government or individually. Private property rights allow the exclusivity of rights to choose the use of a resource, the exclusivity of rights to the services of the resources and the right to exchange the resource at mutually agreeable terms. Ghana classifies the right to property as a fundamental right equal in rank and stature to such other rights as the right to life, expression, speech, religion and as a primary tool in the effort to resist distributive governmental measures. They in truth embody all other rights without which other rights may not be effectively enjoyed. The laws of Ghana expressly provide for certain economic and property rights which are enforceable and justiciable by the courts of Ghana. These laws generally enable the holder of the right to own, acquire (either through purchase, gift, or inheritance), manage, enjoy, and dispose of tangible and intangible property, including land, house, money, bank accounts and other assets, livestock, and crops. In as much as the right to property in Ghana is guaranteed, there are instances where the law allows justifiable interference with a person’s property rights. This paper gives a general overview of the protection of the right to property in Ghana, in all its manifestations, and further considers how this fundamental right can be lawfully interfered with under law.
Evaluation of Racial/Ethnic Differences in Treatment and Mortality Among Women With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Importance To our knowledge, there is no consensus regarding differences in treatment and mortality between non-Hispanic African American and non-Hispanic White women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Little is known about whether racial disparities vary by sociodemographic, clinical, and neighborhood factors. Objective To examine the differences in clinical treatment and outcomes between African American and White women in a nationally representative cohort of patients with TNBC and further examine the contributions of sociodemographic, clinical, and neighborhood factors to TNBC outcome disparities. Design, Setting, and Participants This population-based, retrospective cohort study included 23 123 women who received a diagnosis of nonmetastatic TNBC between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2015, followed up through December 31, 2016, and identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data set. The study was conducted from July 2019 to November 2020. The analyses were performed from July 2019 to June 2020. Exposures Race and ethnicity, including non-Hispanic African American and non-Hispanic White race. Main Outcomes and Measures Using logistic regression analysis and competing risk regression analysis, we estimated odds ratios (ORs) of receipt of treatment and hazard ratios (HRs) of breast cancer mortality in African American patients compared with White patients. Results Of 23 213 participants, 5881 (25.3%) were African American women and 17 332 (74.7%) were White women. Compared with White patients, African American patients had lower odds of receiving surgery (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.60-0.79) and chemotherapy (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.99) after adjustment for sociodemographic, clinicopathologic, and county-level factors. During a 43-month follow-up, 3276 patients (14.2%) died of breast cancer. The HR of breast cancer mortality was 1.28 (95% CI, 1.18-1.38) for African American individuals after adjustment for sociodemographic and county-level factors. Further adjustment for clinicopathological and treatment factors reduced the HR to 1.16 (95% CI, 1.06-1.25). This association was observed in patients living in socioeconomically less deprived counties (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.14-1.39), urban patients (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.11-1.32), patients having stage II (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.39) or III (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.01-1.31) tumors that were treated with chemotherapy, and patients younger than 65 years (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.12-1.37). Conclusions and Relevance In this retrospective cohort study, African American women with nonmetastatic TNBC had a significantly higher risk of breast cancer mortality compared with their White counterparts, which was partially explained by their disparities in receipt of surgery and chemotherapy.
Multifocal Atraumatic Convexity Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background Multifocal convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage (cSAH) has generally been described in the setting of traumatic brain injury, however, it has also been reported in the absence of trauma in conditions such as with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome. We describe the clinical and radiographic characteristics of multifocal cSAH in an academic center. Methods We analyzed our single-center retrospective database of nontraumatic convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage from January 2015-January 2018. Convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage was defined as blood in one or more cortical sulci in the absence of trauma; patients with blood in the cisterns or Sylvian fissure were excluded. Multifocal location was defined as at least two distinct foci of hemorrhage occurring in two or more lobes. Clinical and neuroimaging data were collected. Results Out of 70 total patients with convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage, 13 cases were of multifocal convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage, occurring in 18.6% of all cases. The mean age was 58 years (SD = 14.7). Eleven patients were female. Seven patients had reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS)/posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), two had cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), three had intrinsic coagulopathy, and one patient had endocarditis as the etiology of multifocal cSAH. Headache was the most common complaint, in eight (61.5%) patients. Conclusion Multifocal cSAH occurs in approximately 18.6% of all cSAH and can occur in the absence of trauma. In our larger cohort of all cSAH, CAA was the most common cause; however, multifocal cSAH is more commonly caused by RCVS/PRES spectrum. Clinicians should be aware that multifocal cSAH can occur in the absence of trauma, and may be a harbinger of RCVS/PRES, particularly in young patients with thunderclap headaches.
Fracture of Nanostructured Ionomer Membranes

Thin ionomer membranes showing nanostructure phase separation are widely used in low temperature fuel cells as electrolytes. Examples include perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers, better known as Nafion™ produced by E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. Their electrochemical performance and mechanical strength properties are determined by their molecular morphology, which resembles water-filled hydrophilic micellae (4∼5nm in size) dispersed in a hydrophobic matrix. Temperature and humidity are two major parameters in an internal fuel cell working environment, which have significant influence on this nanostructure and consequently influence the material properties. The transport properties of such ionomers have been extensively studied. In this paper, we will discuss fracture and strength of such membranes, as related to humidity and temperature.
Hardware-Based Performance Enhancement Guaranteed Caches

Cache memories are widely used in microprocessors to improve the average-case memory performance. However, they are harmful to time predictability, and thus may not be desirable for real-time systems. In this paper, we make simple hardware extensions of a regular cache to implement the performance enhancement guaranteed cache (PEG-C). The PEG-C is totally controlled by hardware, which can automatically improve the average-case performance of real-time software with guaranteed and enhanced worst-case performance.
Lark: bringing network awareness to high throughput computing

High throughput computing (HTC) systems are widely adopted in scientific discovery and engineering research. They are responsible for scheduling submitted batch jobs to utilize the cluster resources. Current systems mostly focus on managing computing resources like CPU and memory, however, they lack flexible and fine-grained management mechanisms for network resources. This has increasingly been an urgent need as current batch systems may be distributed among dozens of sites around the globe like Open Science Grid. The Lark project was motivated by this need to re-examine how the HTC layer interacts with the network layer. In this paper, we present the system architecture of Lark and its implementation as a plugin of HTCondor which is a popular HTC software project. Lark achieves lightweight network virtualization at per-job granularity for HTCondor by utilizing Linux container and virtual Ethernet devices, this provides each batch job with a unique network address in a private network namespace. We extended HTCondor's description language, Class Ads, so users can specify networking requirements in the job submission script. HTCondor can perform matchmaking to make sure user-specified network requirements and resource-specific policies are fulfilled. We also extended the job agent, condor starter, so that it can manage and configure the job's network environment. Given this important building block as the core, we implement bandwidth management functionality at both the host and network levels utilizing software-defined networking (SDN). Our experiments and evaluations show that Lark can effectively manage network resources within the cluster with low overhead. It provides the users with better predictability of their job execution and the administrators more flexibility in network resource consumption policies.
Fluidized bed heat treatment of aluminum cast components

Heat Treatment and post casting treatments of cast components has always been an important step in the control of microstructure, and resultant properties. In the past, the solutionizing, quenching and ageing process steps may have required in total over 20 hours of processing time. With the advent of fluidized bed reactors (FB), processing time has been dramatically reduced. For example, instead of 8-10 hours solutionizing time in a conventional furnace, the time required in FB is less than an hour. Experiments with Al-Si-Mg alloy, (both modified with Sr, and unmodified) were performed, having different diffusion distances (different DAS), and for different reaction times and temperatures. Both the model and the experimental results are presented and discussed.
(2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-Octa­ethyl­por­phin­ato)(trifluoro­methane­sulfonato)iron(III)

The title compound, [Fe(CF3O3S)(C36H44N4)], is an iron(III) porphyrin complex with the trifluoro­methane­sulfonate anion as an axial ligand. The Fe atom is displaced by 0.219 (2) A toward the trifluoro­methane­sulfonate anion from the 24-atom mean plane of the porphyrin, resulting in a distorted FeN4O square-based pyramidal geometry. One ethyl­ene group is disordered over two orientations in a 0.502 (6):0.498 (6) ratio.