cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experiences of Women with Bulimia Nervosa in a Mindfulness-Based Eating Disorder Treatment Group

The experience of 6 college-age women with bulimia nervosa was examined after they participated in an 8-week mindfulness-based eating disorder treatment group. This phenomenological study used individual interview and pre- and post-treatment self-portraits. Participants described their experience of transformation from emotional and behavioral extremes, disembodiment, and self-loathing to the cultivation of an inner connection with themselves resulting in greater self-awareness, acceptance, and compassion. They reported less emotional distress and improved abilities to manage stress. This treatment may help the 40% of women who do not improve with current therapies and might be useful to prevent symptoms in younger women.
Near dipole-dipole effects in lasing without inversion: An enhancement of gain and absorptionless index of refraction.

We include the effect of density-dependent near dipole-dipole interactions in order to generalize the theory of a simple three-level system that exhibits lasing without inversion and an enhanced index of refraction at zero absorption. For certain values of atomic density, our generalized theory predicts a novel enhancement of inversionless gain and absorptionless index by more than 2 orders of magnitude.
An optimization study of multi-material-shell gas puff Z-pinches as a pulsed neutron source on the Sandia Z facility

Summary form only given. Previous 1D RMHD studies of deuterium (D) double-shell gas-puff Z-pinches driven by the Sandia ZR accelerator have predicted a substantial increase in thermal fusion neutron yields (∼5×1014 vs. ∼3×1013) if D in the outer shell is replaced with a dense, higher Z, better radiating element. The implosion dynamics of the loads are susceptible to the development of multidimensional structure and nonuniform gradients due to the RT instabilities, all of which can lower the neutron yield. Furthermore, a preliminary 2D RMHD analysis of the same gas puff loads, examined in above 1D studies, indicates a complex interaction dynamics between the higher-Z outer shell material and the inner shell D, wherein the break-through and penetration of the outer shell material and subsequent push-out of the interior D matter adversely affects the neutron yield. In this study, we present the results from numerical simulations of multi-shell gas puff Z-pinch loads composed of argon and D using the multiphase version of the Mach2+DDTCRE 2D RMHD code. We focus on understanding and controlling the interaction dynamics of the argon and D in order to optimize the neutron yield. We examine the neutron yield performance of a variety of Ar/D multi-shell gas puff nozzle load configurations by varying the mass distribution and composition. A comparison of the results with 1D predictions and with pure D loads is made as well.
Precision estimation in Zelen's single-consent design

The precision of a treatment contrast, as conventionally estimated in Zelen's Single-Consent Design, is shown under randomization theory to be positively biased. The magnitude of this bias is demonstrated and a new statistic is derived which is a consistent estimator of the precision. Confidence interval estimation for the treatment contrast is also presented.
The Effect of Criminal History Variables on the Process of Desistance in Adulthood Among Serious Youthful Offenders

Given the theoretical disagreement between population heterogeneity and state dependence theories in regard to the relevance of specific criminal history variables, this study examines the effects of several criminal history variables on the risk of a new arrest in adulthood among a sample of serious youthful offenders. Findings show that even after controlling for prior differences in offending levels, the duration of time since the last arrest is a strong (and negative) predictor of the risk of a subsequent arrest. Results also suggest that criminal activity in early adulthood is more informative on risk prediction than elements of criminal past tied to the juvenile status.
Formal semantics of interactions in sequence diagrams for embedded software

Recently, sequence diagrams have been extended with the introduction of a set of operators in the latest specification of the Unified Modeling Language 2 (UML 2). Embedded in combined fragments, these operators are intended to simplify the diagram's structure or alter the order of its events. However, the latest specification introduces a non-trivial degree of ambiguity in the interpretation and understanding of sequence diagrams. As these diagrams are increasingly adopted as modeling tools in embedded software, their ambiguity can exacerbate the challenges encountered in embedded system design. To address this ambiguity, this paper presents a formal model in operational semantics based on Abstract State Machines (ASM) to define the semantics of the loop, break and strict operators in sequence diagrams. Specifically, update rules are devised for ASMs to handle important behaviors present in most embedded software operating in distributed or parallel environments. This formal model can be readily extended to define the semantics of the remaining operators including information about time intervals and their related constraints.
Field Estimation of the Functional Response of Itoplectis behrensii , a Parasite of the California Oakworm, Phryganidia californica

The functional response of ltoplectis behrensii (Cresson), an epidemic pupal parasite of Phryganidia californica Packard, was estimated from field data involving various host densities on the trunks of coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia Nee. Pupal hosts were detected as uniformly distributed on the trunk surface at high host densities using a nearest neighbor index of dispersion. The number of parasitized pupae were recorded at 3-4 day intervals throughout host pupation for 4 consecutive P. californica generations. A second degree polynomial curve was fitted to observed % parasitization at different host densities at 14 day intervals. Most generated curves were significant (at 5% level) to observed data. Minimum thresholds of parasite response were between 1 and 2 pupae/m2 of trunk surface. Optimum host densities ranged between 6.6-13.2 pupae/m2. Maximum parasitization ranged between 20.3 and 55.2%. Host densities beyond the optium range showed a decreasing rate of parasitization indicating inverse density dependence. Based on the estimated functional response, I. behrensii is more efficient at lower host densities between the minimum threshold and the optimim range.
Bone mineralization in former very low birth weight infants fed either human milk or commercial formula: One-year follow-up observation

clinically significant apnea or periodic breathing while receiving methylxanthines. Blood transfusions are a common occurrence in centers that care for p r e m a t u r e infants. Most are required for replacement of blood drawn during the management of acute problems. Premature infants also receive transfusions because of clinical signs suggesting anemia? ,l~ Apnea of prematurity is frequently Offered as a justification for these transfusions. Our study indicates that transfusion may decrease the frequency of apnea and periodic breathing in premature infants. Furthermore, infants with higher levels of apnea and periodic breathing are most likely to improve after blood transfusion. Not all apnea is clinically important, but its presence may identify infants at greatest risk for significant future apneic events. Given the risks of transfusion, a decision for its use should always be made with caution.
Detection of suspected malignant patterns in three-dimensional magnetic resonance breast images

In this article, a Boolean Neural Network (BNN) is used for the detection of suspected malignant regions in 3D breast magnetic resonance (MR) images. The BNN is characterized by fast learning and classification, guaranteed convergence, and simple, integer weight calculations. The BNN learning algorithm is incremental, which allows the addition and deletion of training patterns without unclearning those already learned. The incremental learning algorithm automatically reduces the training set and trains the network only with those examples estimated to be useful. The architecture is suitable for parallel hardware implementation using available Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) technology. The BNN was trained by using a set of malignant, benign, and false-positive patterns, extracted by experts, from selected MR studies, by using an incremental learning algorithm. After training, the network was tested by means of a consistency checking test, cross validation techniques, and patterns from actual MR breast images. During the consistency test, the BNN was tested by using the same patterns used for training. The BNN classification accuracy in this case was 99.75%, proving the ability of the BNN to select useful patterns from the training set. Then, a leave one out cross-validation (LOOCV) test was done by using patterns from the training set and the classification accuracy was 90%. Next, an extended training set was created by shifting the original patterns in different directions. A cross-validation test was then performed by dividing the set of patterns into a training and a test set. Classification accuracy was compared to the nearest neighbor classifier. Results showed that the BNN achieved an average of 77% classification accuracy while requiring only 34% of the original training set. On the other hand, the nearest neighbor classifier achieved an accuracy of 57.9% while retaining the whole training set. Another test using actual MR slices different from the training set was done and results compared favorably to a radiologist’s findings. Test results show the BNN’s capability to detect suspected malignant regions in 3D MR images of the breast. The proposed BNN architecture can save the radiologist a great deal of time browsing MR slices searching for suspected malignancies.
Shunting of erythropoiesis in mice following the injection of zymosan.

Abstract A single injection of zymosan resulted in temporary bone marrow erythroid hypoplasia accompanied by marked splenic enlargement and increased erythropoiesis. Furthermore, splenic erythropoiesis and bone marrow erythropoiesis were inversely correlated.
Characterizing global substates of myoglobin

Abstract Background: The massive amount of information generated from current molecular dynamics simulations makes the data difficult to analyze efficiently. Principal component analysis has been used for almost a century to detect and characterize data relationships and to reduce the dimensionality for problems in many fields. Here, we present an adaptation of principal component analysis using a partial singular value decomposition (SVD) for investigating both the localized and global motions of macromolecules. Results: Configuration space projections from the SVD analysis of a variety of myoglobin simulations are used to characterize the dynamics of the protein. This technique reveals new dynamical motifs, which quantify proposed hierarchical structures of conformational substates for proteins and provide a means by which configuration space sampling efficiency may be probed. The SVD clearly shows that solvent effects facilitate transitions between global conformational substates for myoglobin molecular dynamics simulations. Lyapunov exponents calculated from the configuration space divergence of 15 trajectories agree with previous predictions for the chaotic behavior of complex protein systems. Conclusions: Configuration space projections provide invaluable information about protein motions that would be extremely difficult to obtain otherwise. While the configuration space for myoglobin is quite large, it does have structure. Our analysis of this structure shows that the protein hops between a number of distinct global conformational states, much like the local behavior observed for an individual residue.
Lasers for plasma diagnostics, time resolved measurement and molecular fluorometry in analytical science

In chemical measurement and characterization, lasers are playing a unique role in improving sensitivity, enhancing spatial and spectral resolution, and enabling time resolution on the fastest time scales that are chemically significant. Furthermore, lasers have permitted entirely new classes of measurements to be undertaken that would not be possible without the high radiant power, directionality, and coherence of a laser beam. In this paper, a number of these capabilities are illustrated with examples from the authors' laboratory. Prominent among these examples is the use of a high-power pulsed laser for producing scattering and fluorescence from species in an inductively coupled plasma (ICP). With the appropriate laser and photometric equipment, such measurements enable the determination of time-resolved and spatially resolved values for electron concentration, electron energy distribution, gas-kinetic temperature, and the concentrations of important sample and intrinsic species that the plasma contains. Another example shows how either a continuous wave (CW) or repetitively pulsed laser can be coupled with relatively simple electronic instrumentation to permit measurements to be obtained on a sub-nanosecond time scale. Interestingly, a recent development might obviate the need for a sophisticated laser in such schemes. Lastly, a relatively simple experimental configuration can be used to determine as few as 106 molecules in a real sample. In this arrangement, a single aliquot of the sample is dispensed in a volume as small as 6 nL. This aliquot, in droplet from, then constitutes the sample cell itself. As the droplet falls through the focused laser beam, its contents can be determined with extraordinarily high sensitivity. Methods to improve even this detection capability will be outlined.
Evaluation of Amylose as a Dry Binder for Direct Compression

Because of the economies of direct compression, there exists a need for good dry binders which will effect compression of drugs at relatively low filler-to-drug ratios. This paper reports an evaluation of amylose for this purpose. The results on compression effects, physical properties, stability, and drug availability show that this material has the characteristics desired of the ideal binder.
Replacing fishmeal with blends of alternative proteins on growth performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and early or late stage juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate blends of alternate proteins as replacements for fishmeal in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and to use the results to develop and test alternate protein blends in diets for juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Nine experimental diets in which protein blends replaced 63%, 82% or 100% of fishmeal in the formulation (20, 10, and 0% fishmeal) were fed to rainbow trout (initial weight 19.5 g) for 12 weeks. Weight gains of trout fed diets containing the soy protein concentrate-based blend and the fishmeal control diet were similar, except at the 100% fishmeal replacement level, and significantly higher than that of trout fed diets containing the other blends. The soy protein blend and another based on wheat gluten meal were modified slightly and evaluated in early stage Atlantic salmon juveniles (initial weight 5.5 g). Protein blends replaced 50%, 66% or 84% of fishmeal (30, 20 or 10% fishmeal). Weight gains of early stage juvenile salmon after 18 weeks of feeding were significantly lower and feed conversion ratios higher when fed diets containing either blend compared to the fishmeal control diet, and gains decreased as level of fishmeal replacement increased. Blends were then modified further and tested in advance stage salmon juveniles (initial weight 31.5 g). These blends were solely either all-plant protein-based or contained poultry by-product meal. Both blends were evaluated with or without addition of Spirulina algae meal. Alternate protein blends completely replaced fishmeal in experimental diets. After 12 weeks of feeding, no differences in weight gain or feed conversion ratios were measured among groups fed experimental diets containing protein blends or the fishmeal control diet. Replacement of fishmeal with alternative protein blends in diets for early stage juvenile salmon is not recommended and the penalty in growth is severe. Fishmeal can be completely replaced in diets for late stage salmon over 30 g without compromising fish performance or using land animal protein ingredients in feed formulations.
Defining business-to-consumer relationships: The consumer's perspective

The purpose of this paper is to capture the consumer's meaning of a relationship with a commercial firm. The unaided definitions of 167 adult consumers were coded using constructs based on service quality, social exchange and transactional exchange theories. The results revealed that service quality constructs were mentioned by 57 per cent of the respondents, social exchange constructs were mentioned by 41 per cent, and transactional exchange constructs by 25 per cent. The definitions used by many consumers were multi-dimensional and included a mix of constructs. The results confirm that while some business-to-business relationship constructs are appropriate for understanding the nature of the business-to-consumer relationship, service quality dimensions are central to the consumer's definition of this relationship. The implications of this research reinforce the notion that the consumer's relationship with a business is a means to an end, not the goal.
Influence of Gaze and Physical Closeness: A Delayed Effect:

The compensation process articulated in the equilibrium model of nonverbal behavior has generally been described as an immediate response to an ongoing interaction. The present investigation explor...
Authenticated Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol using a single cryptographic assumption

In modern communication systems, a popular way of providing authentication in an authenticated Diffie-Hellman key agreement protocol is to sign the result of a one-way hash function (such as MD5) of a Diffie-Hellman public key. The security of such a protocol is based on the weakest of all the cryptographic assumptions of the algorithms involved: Diffie-Hellman key distribution, digital signature and a one-way hash function. If a protocol can be constructed using one cryptographic assumption, it would be at least as secure as that with multiple assumptions. The authors propose three authenticated Diffie-Hellman key-agreement protocols, each of which is based on one cryptographic assumption. In particular, the first protocol is based on a discrete logarithm, the second on an elliptic curve and the third on RSA factoring. The main objective of the paper is to show that the security of a protocol should be assessed at the protocol level as a whole, rather than at the level of individual algorithms that are used to build the protocol.
DNA analysis using an electrospray scanning mobility particle sizer.

A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) allows size separation of gas phase particles according to their electrophoretic mobilities. The addition of an electrospray source (ES) recently allowed extension of SMPS analysis to the macromolecular range. We demonstrate here the application of ES-SMPS to nucleic acids analysis. Single- and double-stranded DNA molecules ranging from 6.1 kDa (single-stranded DNA 20 nucleotides in length) to 300 kDa (500 base-pair double-stranded DNA) were separated and detected by ES-SMPS at the picomole to femtomole levels. The measured electrophoretic mobility diameters were found to correlate with the analytes` molecular weights, while the peak areas could yield quantitative information. No fragmentation of DNA was observed under the conditions employed. Different apparent densities were observed for single-stranded and double-stranded DNAs, showing a different behavior for each type of biomolecule. The total analysis time was about 3 min/spectrum. Further optimization of ES-SMPS is expected to make it a fast and sensitive technique for biopolymer characterization. 96 refs., 10 figs., 1 tab.
Resource constrained project scheduling: Modelling with multiple alternatives

A generalized resource constrained project scheduling model is developed. In addition to incorporating common generalizations to the resource constrained project scheduling problem, this model can also handle any of the major scheduling objectives, alternative activity completion modes, and the simultaneous scheduling of multiple projects. Furthermore, this approach makes the general project scheduling problem amenable to solution by commercially available mixed integer/linear programming software. The central concept is the split of activities and the allocation of different resource usage rates. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the approach and its advantages.
STOCK MARKET RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: A CASE FOR THE SYSTEMS APPROACH

Few stock market “truths” are known despite extensive research by academicians, investment advisors, and investors. This state is hypothesized to be a result of an emphasis on external or “black box” methods of inquiry. The use of internal methods or systems analysis is suggested as the way to bring about new insights into the stock market. In this article, the stock market is described as a system. Methods to study this system, ranging on a continuum with external and internal poles, are presented. The danger of heavy reliance on external methodologies and the need for a more balanced methodology is illustrated with reference to the “random-walk hypothesis.” Finally, the advantages of internal methodologies are detailed.
Ellipticity effects on nonsequential double ionization of diatomic molecules in strong laser fields

Through high-precision ion yield measurements over nearly ten orders of magnitude of dynamic range, we perform the first systematic study of ellipticity effects on nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) in diatomic molecules. We demonstrate that the previously established ellipticity effects on NSDI based on studies of rare-gas atoms have only limited validity. In particular, we show that an NSDI component commonly exists in circularly polarized fields for two-electron ionization from two different orbitals or sub-orbitals. A revised dependence of NSDI on laser polarization is proposed here.
Photonic Bandgap Optical Waveguide Filters

Numerous research groups are using electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) strutures to modify the performance of passive and active microstrip fed patch antennas.
Bacterial endocarditis, pericarditis and cardiac tamponade∗

Abstract A case is reported of subacute bacterial endocarditis complicated by massive hemorrhagic pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade and death. This rare clinical event, to our knowledge, has not been reported heretofore. The advent of antimicrobial therapy has profoundly affected the natural history of bacterial endocarditis in patients so treated. Alteration in this natural history has been expressed in changing character of complications of the endocarditis. An infectious type of pericarditis with effusion may be a more common complication of the disease now than formerly was the case. Realization that such a complication does occur may result in avoidance of needless diagnostic confusion and early institution of appropriate therapeutic efforts.
CALCULATION OF THE BINDING ENERGY OF NUCLEAR MATTER BY THE METHOD OF REFERENCE SPECTRUM

The binding energy of nuclear matter was calculated with the Hamada- Johnson potential by the method of the reference spectrum of Bethe et al. Corrections due to the exclusion principle, difference of spectrums, and the motion of the center of mass were not included, these are believed to be small. It is found that the binding energy is only --7.8 Mev per particle at a density corresponding to the Fermi momentum k/sub F/ = 1.12F/sup -1/. This result is similar to the result of the calculations by Brueckner and Masterson with the Breit potential. A discussion of the self-consistency of the method is given. (auth)
Seismic response spectra of a combined system by Green's functions

Abstract A parametric study of the response of a class of linear secondary systems to earthquake excitations is made. The combined dynamical system studied consists of a single-degree-of-freedom oscillator attached to a continuous cantilever beam. The generalized differential equation governing free vibration is solved exactly for the modes of the combined system. Floor response spectra for records from the 1985 Mexico City and the 1940 El Centro earthquakes are presented in several formats. The floor response spectrum concept is an extension of the widely used ground response spectrum and may provide useful insight into the behavior of linear secondary systems. The effects of each of the system parameters are examined. It is shown that the frequency characteristics of the excitation modify the relative importance of the system parameters. The study also demonstrates the effectiveness and limitations of the cascade approximation which is often applied as an approximate solution to the problem.
Generation of Pernanent, Dry, Electrical Contacts by Tattooing Carbon into Skin Tissue

The introduction of sterile collodial carbon into the dermis produces an area of low electrical resistance in the intact skin. The low resistance spot is suitable for long term, dry contact, stimulation or specialized ECG/EEG measurements.
The experimental incorporation of Fe into talc: a study using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy

Talc is a common Mg-rich trioctahedral layer silicate that occurs both as a primary and as a secondary mineral in a wide range of rock types. Substitution of Fe2+ for Mg is fairly extensive in certain rock types, particularly banded iron formations, yet there is relatively limited fundamental crystal-chemical information on this substitution. This study is an experimental investigation of Fe2+ substitution for Mg using X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Talc was synthesized in 0.5 Fe cation [0.17 X Fe, X Fe = Fe/(Fe + Mg)] increments along the join Mg3Si4O10(OH)2–Fe3Si4O10(OH)2 over the range of 350–700 °C, oxygen fugacities (fO2) from ~Ni–NiO to 3.3 log(fO2) units below Ni–NiO, and at a pressure of 0.2 GPa. High yields of talc without any coexisting Fe-bearing phases were obtained up to 0.33 X Fe, beyond which talc coexisted with fayalitic olivine, magnetite, or both, indicating saturation in Fe for syntheses along the talc join. Infrared spectroscopy was used to determine independently the X Fe of talc, showing a deviation from the observed and expected composition starting at X Fe of 0.37 ± 0.03. Minor additional solid solution occurred beyond this to a maximum X Fe solubility of 0.50. Mossbauer spectroscopy indicated the dominance of octahedral Fe2+ in talc with octahedral Fe3+ ranging from 2.9 to 21.5 at.%, depending on the ambient fO2. X-ray diffraction analysis did not confirm the strong dependence of the interplanar spacing d 003 on the oxygen fugacity as reported earlier in the literature. This study provides the first experimentally constrained unit-cell volume of 474.4 ± 2.2 A3 (142.6 ± 0.7 cm3/mol) for the end-member Fe3Si4O10(OH)2. The observed upper limit of iron solubility in talc of about 0.5 X Fe agrees with the majority of analyses reported for talc, and that values above this are attributed to intergrowths of talc with the structurally distinct minnesotaite.
Dynamic characteristics of multiple substructures with closely spaced frequencies

This paper considers a main structure supporting a large number of substructures. The substructures have closely spaced natural frequencies, and the combined main structure/multiple substructures system is subjected to harmonic or wide-band forces. The goal is to characterize the effects of the substructures on the response of the main structure. A special, fundamental case is studied in detail, where the substructures are oscillators with equal stiffnesses and equally spaced natural frequencies. The exact response expressions for the combined system are in terms of a complicated rational polynomial. However, by taking the limit where the number of substructures becomes large, the response expressions reduce to simple, physically meaningful results. It is found that the multiple substrutures are equivalent to a single viscous damping which is added to the damping of the main structure. An example illustrates how the results can be applied to passive vibration control of large structures.
Donor–π–Acceptor Polymer with Alternating Triarylborane and Triphenylamine Moieties

A luminescent main chain donor-π-acceptor-type polymer (4) was prepared via organometallic polycondensation reaction followed by post modification. With both electron-rich amine and electron-deficient borane moieties embedded in the main chain, 4 exhibits an interesting ambipolar character: it can be reduced and oxidized electrochemically at moderate potentials and shows a strong solvatochromic effect in the emission spectra. Complexation studies show that 4 selectively binds to fluoride and cyanide; quantitative titration with cyanide reveals a two-step binding process.
Parton bubble model for two-particle angular correlations at RHIC/LHC

In an earlier paper we developed a bubble model, based on a view we had shared with van Hove for over two decades. Namely, that if a quark-gluon plasma is produced in a high energy heavy ion collider, then its hadronization products would likely be emitted from small bubbles localized in phase space containing plasma. In this paper we refined the model to become a parton bubble model in which each localized bubble contains initially 3-4 partons which are almost entirely gluons forming a gluon hot spot. We greatly expanded the transverse momentum interval investigated, and thus are able to treat recombination effects within each bubble. We again utilize two particle correlations as a sensitive method for detecting the average bubble substructure. In this manuscript we make many predictions for angular correlations detectable at RHIC and which will be later modified to LHC conditions. Some early available low precision correlation analyses is qualitatively explained. However a critical consistency test of the model can be made with high precision data expected in the near future.
Plasmodium Development in White-Eye (khw) and Transformed Strains (kh43) of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abstract Xanthurenic acid (XA) has been implicated as an inducer in vivo of exflagellation in Plasmodium spp. Consequently, the development of Plasmodium gallinaceum was assessed in a white-eye mosquito strain, khw, of Aedes aegypti (L.), which is deficient in XA because of a mutation of the gene encoding the enzyme kynurenine hydroxylase, and in a transformed line of khw mosquitoes that carry the wild-type cn+ gene of Drosophila melanogaster Meigen and express a functional enzyme necessary for XA production. Although XA was not detectable in khw mosquitoes by using high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, parasites were able to develop. Transformed khw mosquitoes failed to consistently support parasite development at higher prevalences and mean intensities than did the nontransformed khw lines, even though XA was detectable. These data suggest that factors other than XA may play a role in initiating Plasmodium development in vivo.
Small-signal analysis of microring resonator modulators

We derive the frequency-dependent modulation transfer functions for microring resonator modulators, using a small-signal analysis. Modulation efficiencies are obtained in terms of familiar optical cavity parameters, which provide an intuitive understanding of device performance. The results are in good agreement with experimental data, and are used to compare operating characteristics between resonance-modulated and coupling-modulated microresonators.
Philosophical oncology: on being needed--thoughts of a deathwatcher.

The ultimate bond that connects the patient and the physician requires an understanding of the human drama we call illness. Medical oncology is a specialty filled with the uncomfortable experiences of people facing fear, anxiety, and loss. The caregiver must share in the distress, be troubled by the patient's troubles, but keep a safe distance, so as not to be wounded as well. The physician is not only a deathwatcher for the sickest of patients, but, by necessity, must be self-reflective—a doctorwatcher.
The use of relative and absolute bearings by Clark’s nutcrackers,Nucifraga columbiana

Two groups of Clark’s nutcrackers were trained to find buried seeds whose location was defined by a constant angle from two landmarks whose interlandmark distance and position in the room varied across trials. The first group had a landmark array that was always placed in the same orientation with respect to the walls, allowing the animals to use both relative and absolute bearings. The second group had a landmark array that rotated across trials so that only relative bearings could be used to locate the seeds. The birds in each group learned the task and transferred to new interlandmark distances both within and beyond the range of training distances. Results from these experiments indicate that nutcrackers can learn a geometric relationship that relies exclusively on relative bearings even though the use of absolute bearing yields more efficient search.
Improving Bees and Similar Contests

ension mounts as the sixth round opens. Of the home team, only Raoul remains in the competition; the other three survivors are from visiting schools. The remaining rounds of the citizenship bee will determine which three high school students from the region will go to the state final. The moderator announces that this round will concern presidents of the United States. The first contestant is asked, "Which president devised a doctrine to prevent interference in the Western Hemisphere by outside powers?" "James Monroe," she answers correctly (as each of the other three contestants would have). The moderator reads the next student the question, "Which president also served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court?" "William Howard Taft," he responds correctly (as would the other three). The third student is asked, "Which president served the longest?" "Franklin D. Roosevelt," she replies correctly (as would the others). Now Raoul is read his question: "Who was married for the first time after becoming president?" "Heck!" thinks Raoul. "I know that two bachelors were elected-Buchanan and Cleveland-but which one got married after becoming President? I don't know. I'll have to guess." Meanwhile, the first contestant is thanking God that she was not asked that question. "I have no idea," she thinks. The second student is thinking, "Wow, that's a hard one! I hope that eliminates him. Was it Wilson?" The third is wondering, "Is it Cleveland or Harrison? I'd guess Harrison. I'm sure glad I didn't get that one." Raoul's time is running out. "James Buchanan?" he ventures.
A Parallel Algorithm for Large Scale Convex Optimal Control Problems

A parallel algorithm is developed for long horizon optimal control problems. This is done by first decomposing along the time axis the original problem into subproblems with shorter time horizon, and then using incentive coordination scheme to take the interaction of subproblems into account. For strictly convex problems, it is proved that the decomposed problem with linear incentive coordination is equivalent to the original problem. Thus the high level is a parameter optimization problem. Based upon the gradient method, a parallel algorithm is developed. A numerical example is used to illustrate its feasibility.
Flexural-flexural oscillations of Beck's column subjected to a planar harmonic excitation

Abstract The non-linearly coupled flexural-flexural oscillations of a non-conservative column with two independent load parameters are investigated by analytical methods with the objective of determining the quantitative and the qualitative behavior of the response. The column is subjected to a planar periodic distributed load whose frequency is near the eigenfrequency of its free bending oscillations. The analytical results of the analysis are compared with those obtained by numerical integration of a set of non-linear differential equations obtained by the application of Galerkin's method to the original equations.
Neuroenergetics of traumatic brain injury

A subset of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients exhibit cognitive deficits later in life which may be due to the underlying pathology associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or chronic traumatic encephalopathy. The similarities between chronic traumatic encephalopathy and AD merit investigation of potentially similar mechanisms underlying the two diseases. Experimental and clinical studies of AD brains have revealed that insulin resistance links metabolic dysfunction to the neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits associated with AD. Recent work in experimental TBI has established that recovery is dependent on the return of normal brain metabolism and mounting evidence for a role of brain insulin in regulating central metabolism suggests that TBI, like AD, results in central insulin resistance. Here, we review the converging evidence from AD, TBI and diabetes research linking insulin insensitivity to neurodegeneration.
Controversial Issues Surrounding Direct-to-Consumer Advertisements of Prescription Drugs

Issues concerning the use of direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertisements of prescription drugs are explored. In addition, the background of the pharmaceutical industry as well as the history of DTC advertisements of prescription drugs are detailed.
The priority of piracy

With the recent growth of historians’ and anthropologists’ interest in intellectual property, what is at stake in writing a general history of piracy? Adrian Johns argues in this remarkable book that in the most crucial senses it is piracy that has been the fundamental concept all along, with intellectual property a specific historical manifestation and consequence of the broader idea: ‘‘To assume that piracy merely derives from legal doctrine is to get the history—and therefore the politics, and much else besides—back to front’’ (6). What does this mean in practice? First, the historiography: While historical accounts of intellectual property have been dominated by court cases, the history of piracy is primarily cultural; notions and claims about piracy may exist independently of legal doctrines, but not vice versa. Second, the history: Conceptions of piracy relating to intellectual productions predate legal regimes of intellectual property. This is true both in the longue duree (this history begins in earnest during the seventeenth century, well before anything like intellectual property existed in any specific sense) and in the specific episodes that comprise the narrative (medical patenting arises as a response to counterfeiting, the same goes for early twentieth-century sheet music legislation, and so on). Absent any legal definitions, however, it becomes tricky to define what gets to count as piracy. Johns thus relies explicitly on actors’ terms: The narrative begins when people began accusing one another of being pirates (and, as Johns points out, ascriptions of piracy tend to be made in both directions in such controversies). The term’s use in relevant contexts became common after the Glorious Revolution in England, when the Press Act of 1662 had lapsed, precisely when there was no legal basis for property in literary works. This is crucial to what lies ahead: time and again, accusations of piracy arise when conflicts over right conduct arise between communities with differing traditions and customs. This still leaves the
Discovering Human Physiology.

When I arrived at the University of Oregon as a freshman in 2012, I was a biochemistry major with medical school in my sights. During the week of orientation, I met freshman with similar professional goals—doctor, nurse, physical therapist—who were human physiology (HPHY) majors. I researched
AUTONOMOUS COMMAND AND CONTROL FOR DISTRIBUTED SPACECRAFT SYSTEMS

The significant increase in the number of proposed science and military distributed spacecraft mission concepts has been built on the promise of expanded capability, improved robustness, and graceful degradation of assets. The challenge to realizing this promise lies in managing the complexity of any coordination required among the spacecraft and the ability to feasibly implement the systems. In addition, cost drivers, often related to launch services, commonly drive distributed spacecraft system designers to consider small, physically limited satellites (e.g., microsats or nanosats) as the assets in the space segment of the system. To address the challenge of complexity for coordinating multiple spacecraft in a practical manner, the described research details developments in autonomous command and control that leverage formal methods of discrete event systems. This approach is particularly applicable to small satellites because it can be developed at multiple levels of
Beta Cell Changes in Guinea Pig Pancreas in Relation to Blood Sugar Level.

ConclusionsDisappearance of the specific granules of the beta cells in the pancreatic islets of guinea pigs given intraperitoneal glucose was noted during the subsequent hyperglycemia. The beta granules were again in evidence after the blood sugar reached normal levels. These histological changes, suggesting functional activity of the beta cells, may be related to the secretion of insulin in response to elevation of the blood sugar.
The benefits of robot deception in search and rescue: Computational approach for deceptive action selection via case-based reasoning

By increasing the use of autonomous rescue robots in search and rescue (SAR), the chance of interaction between rescue robots and human victims also grows. More specifically, when autonomous rescue robots are considered in SAR, it is important for robots to handle sensitively human victims' emotions. Deception can potentially be used effectively by robots to control human victims' fear and shock as used by human rescuers. In this paper, we introduce robotic deception in SAR contexts and present a novel computational approach for an autonomous rescue robot's deceptive action selection mechanism.
Considerations for Management of Large Retroperitoneal Tumors: Use of the Modified Thoracoabdominal Approach

Massive retroperitoneal tumors have been resected successfully from 20 patients by means of the modified thoracoabdominal approach. Of these 20 patients 19 had primary non-seminomatous testicular cancer and 1 had a primary leiomyosarcoma. Fourteen patients are currently free of tumor. Salient features of the successful management of these patients have been the use of intensive chemotherapy before attempted surgical resection, aggressive surgical efforts that may necessitate major vascular resections and, in particular, use of the modified thoracoabdominal approach, which is described and illustrated in detail.
Late Invasive Recurrence Despite Long-Term Surveillance for Superficial Bladder Cancer

AbstractSuperficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is associated with a 15 to 70% recurrence rate within 2 years. Most recurrences are superficial. A recurrence after 2 disease-free years is unusual.A review of the tumor registry revealed 124 patients followed for superficial disease at the Veterans Administration Center in Baltimore. Of the patients 20 were identified with either stage Ta (7) or stage T1 (13) papillary transitional cell carcinoma who had completed at least 5 years of surveillance without tumor recurrence. Invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder requiring cystectomy developed in 7 of these 20 patients after remaining tumor-free for 5 years (stage Ta in 4 and stage T1 in 3). All 7 patients had organ-confined disease and were alive with no evidence of disease at 18 months to 5 years after cystectomy.These results demonstrate that superficial, low grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder can become muscle invasive despite careful surveillance and a long dorman...
Mineral identification using a scanning electron microscope

Quick, inexpensive and accurate mineral-phase identification is of utmost importance to applied mineralogists. The precise relationship between the intensity of measured backscattered electrons in a scanning electron microscope and the average atomic number of the specimen is still argued. Nevertheless, much can be gained by using backscattered electron images to identify mineral phases in a specimen. An application was developed to facilitate this method and makes it a practical, inexpensive and valuable option in many mineralogical investigations.
Advances in high-resolution RIXS for the study of excitation spectra under high pressure

ABSTRACTHard X-ray resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is a promising X-ray spectroscopic tool for measuring low-energy excitation spectra from complex materials under high pressure. In the past, these measurements have been stymied by technical difficulties inherent in measuring a tiny sample, held at high pressure, inside a diamond anvil cell. Now, due to substantial advances in X-ray instrumentation, high-resolution (<200 meV) RIXS spectrometers at third-generation synchrotron radiation sources have started to successfully address these samples in their extreme environment. However, compared to elastic X-ray scattering and X-ray emission spectroscopy, RIXS is a very photon hungry technique and high-resolution RIXS for samples under high pressure is in its infancy. In this review, the fundamentals of the high-resolution RIXS and associated instrumentation are presented, as well as technical details of diamond anvil cells, sample preparation, and the measurement geometry. Experimental data from me...
Determination of photovoltaic hosting capacity on radial electric distribution feeders

The amount of photovoltaic (PV) generation that can be hosted by existing radial distribution feeders is inherently limited by system constraints and operating conditions. This paper discusses an analysis to determine the photovoltaic hosting capacity of an existing radial distribution feeder. This analysis also visualizes the location-dependence of hosting capacity, and tests the effectiveness of modifying inverter power factor on hosting capacity. The analysis was performed using python scripts to run a large number of power flow simulations in OpenDSS with successively increasing amounts of PV generation. Results indicated that when PV generation is installed in proportion to load, circuit hosting capacity is overwhelmingly limited by overvoltage conditions. Also, modifying inverters to generate at a fixed, slightly lagging power factor can effectively reduce overvoltage condition and increase the feeder hosting capacity.
Outcomes for Intermittent Neuromodulation as a Treatment for Overactive Bladder

In this review, we describe the history and basic science behind intermittent neuromodulation, specifically of the tibial nerve and its neuroanatomic suitability for this approach, as well as the logistics, efficacy, and advantages of peripheral tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) in both idiopathic and neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB) populations. We also discuss the less commonly used sacral, pudendal, and genital nerves as a means of intermittent neuromodulation for the management of OAB. Intermittent neuromodulation in the form of PTNS is approved as a third-line treatment of OAB, which affects upwards of 16% of the population of the USA. Several studies and clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of PTNS in treating OAB, with the benefit of decreased cost and invasiveness compared to chronic, implantable neurostimulators. This has been explored in various patient populations including patients with idiopathic and neurogenic detrusor overactivity.