cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Organization of the mouse GP42/Basigin gene: a member of the Ig superfamily

We have mapped and sequenced the GP42/Basigin gene isolated from a Balb/C mouse genomic library. The genomic organization and upstream, putative regulatory, regions of this gene have not been previously reported. Our data show that exon 5 of the GP42/Basigin gene encodes the carboxy proximal half of the second Ig-like domain, the highly conserved transmembrane region and a portion of the cytoplasmic tail. This inclusion of Ig-like and other functional domains in a single exon is unusual. Splice junction analysis indicates that two reported alternate GP42/Basigin cDNA isoforms are likely due to cloning artifacts. In addition, we find that GP42/Basigin is polymorphic in mice. Our data also support the proposal that the transmembrane domain and portions of the cytoplasmic region of GP42/Basigin have been evolutionarily conserved.
Organizational Design and Environmental Performance: Clues From the Electronics Industry

A congruence model of organizational design suggests that direct reporting relationships between plant managers and environmental quality managers, monetary incentives for environmental performance, and coordination between environmental quality managers and business strategists reduce plant-level toxic emissions. We tested these relationships in a large sample of U.S. electronics facilities. Only a link between plant manager compensation and environmental performance reduced emissions. Subsequent analyses support a reverse causality, suggesting organizational characteristics result from (rather than cause) emissions performance and that firms remain reactive on environmental issues. These findings confront theories of environmental management and congruence with provocative questions, which we discuss in depth.
Treatment of toxic megacolon. A comparative review of 29 patients.

A review of 29 patients with toxic megacolon complicating ulcerative colitis was undertaken to (1) compare the results of medical and surgical treatment; (2) determine the optimal timing for surgical intervention; and (3) identify possible precipitating factors. Twenty-one patients were treated medically with nasogastric suction, steroids, parental fluids, blood transfusion, and antimicrobial agents. Of the 21 patients, 11 (53%) showed improvement by subjective and objective creria and 10 (47%) failed to respond. Sixteen patients were treated surgically. This group was subdivided into 8 patients who failed to respond to medical treatment and 8 treated surgically. Total proctocolectomy with ileostomy was performed in 8, and subtotal colectomy and ileoproctostomy in 8, with subsequent proctectomy and ileostomy in 6 patients. Six of 8 patients (75%) treated primarily surgically improved, and 2 (25%) died. Seven of 8 patients (87.5%) treated surgically after failure of medical trial showed definite postoperative improvement, and 1 (12.5%) failed. Those who were operated on within the first 48–72 hr after the diagnosis of toxic megacolon was made responded uniformly well. Anticholinergics, opiates, barium enema, and colonoscopy were identified as possible precipitating factors in 70% of cases. The results of this study in this patient population indicate that early surgical therapy in toxic megacolon is associated with better results than medical therapy (P<0.025). Although intensive, optimal medical therapy plays a significant role in the management of toxic megacolon, failure to induce rapid improvement within 48–72 hr constitutes an indication for definitive surgical treatment.
Impression management through communication in online dating

People use online dating systems to form and create impressions of potential romantic partners. While there is a wealth of research on the use of profile pages for impression management in online dating systems, there is little work on how other forms of communication in these systems are used for impression management. This paper reports preliminary results from a qualitative study with users of a popular online dating system. Early findings from 24 in-depth interviews indicate that primary frustrations with online dating stem from inadequate feedback about conveyed impressions and perceived limitations in forming impressions of others. We discuss the implications of these findings for improving the design of online dating systems.
Up-and-down designs for phase I clinical trials

Various up-and-down designs have been proposed to improve the operating characteristics of the traditional "3 + 3" design, but they have been of limited use in practice. A major impediment to the adoption of the improved up-and-down designs is a lack of general guidance and a comprehensive assessment of the operating characteristics of these designs under practical clinical settings. To fill this gap, we review six up-and-down designs: the "3 + 3" design, accelerated titration design, biased coin design, k-in-a-row design, group up-and-down design and cumulative group up-and-down design. We conduct comprehensive simulation studies to evaluate their operating characteristics under various practical settings, and compare their performance to a theoretical optimal bound of nonparametric designs. The results show that the cumulative group up-and-down design has the best overall performance in terms of selecting the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), assigning patients to the MTD and patient safety. Its performance is generally close to the upper bound of nonparametric designs, but improvement seems possible in some cases.
Use of oxcarbazepine to treat a pediatric patient with resistant complex regional pain syndrome.

Abstract We describe a 12-year-old patient with severe, protracted complex regional pain syndrome type I. His pain did not respond to gabapentin, amitriptyline, physical therapy, opioids, or nonsteroidal drugs. Sympathetic or regional block was not attempted because of persistent bacteremia and severe local sepsis. His pain responded dramatically to the addition of oxcarbazepine, with rapid improvement in his symptoms and functional status. We suggest that oxcarbazepine might be a useful adjunct in the treatment of gabapentin-resistant complex regional pain syndrome type I in children and should be considered. Perspective Oxcarbazepine’s antinociceptive effect is mediated via sodium channel inhibition in neuropathic models and by inhibition of substance P and prostaglandins in anti-inflammatory models. The efficacy of oxcarbazepine in this patient might be attributable to these mechanisms or possibly to synergism with either gabapentin or the anti-inflammatory effects produced by amitriptyline.
Monophasic action potentials in the diagnosis of triggered arrhythmias

ECHANISMS responsible for cardiac arrhythmias are generally divided into three major categories: disorders of impulse formation, disorders of impulse conduction, and combinations of both causes.‘-’ Although this classification is limited and contains some inconsistencies, it serves as a useful framework in which to discuss the pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmias. Normal automaticity refers to the normal diastolic depolarization of pacemakers found in the normal sinus node, Purkinje fibers, and in other areas of the heart. Abnormal automaticity, a disorder of impulse formation, may occur in many of these fibers, as well as in atria1 and ventricular muscle subjected to a variety of pertubations. Triggered activity, another form of abnormal impulse formation, is a transient membrane oscillation triggered by cardiac depolarization. When this oscillation occurs early, before repolarization is completed, it is called an early afterdepolarization (Fig 1). When it occurs late, after repolarization is completed, it is called a delayed afterdepolarization (Fig 2).3 Slow heart rates generally increase the amplitude of early afterdepolarizations, whereas fast heart rates, within limits, increase the amplitude of delayed afterdepolarizations. Early afterdepolarizations result from a reduced repolarizing current in comparison with the depolarizing current. This may be caused by a reduced outward current, an increased inward current, or both mechanisms.3 Because a variety of interventions that affect different currents can abolish earIy afterdepolarizations (eg, calcium channel blockers,6 sodium channel blockers,7 increasing rate or increasing external potassium concentration) and because a variety of substances that can alter different currents can produce early afterdepolarizations (eg, quinidine7 and related drugs: a sea anemone polypeptide,’ calcium current agonists,’ acidosis,” low extracellular potassium concentration,” hypoxia, and catecholamines), a diversity of currents have been suggested as causes of early afterdepolarizations. These include a calcium current through L-type calcium channels,’ the sodium “window” or slowly inactivating current,” sodium channel exchange mechanisms,13 the transient inward current activated by elevated intracellular calcium,14 intracellular potassium accumulation,*2 and the I,, current.” Cesium blocks inward rectifying potassium currents and delays repolarizatio# to produce early afterdepolarizations. However, the ionic basis of cesium-induced afterdepolarizations is still unclear. Although some early afterdepolarizations may be due to electrotonic membrane events,” a calcium current through L-type calcium channels may be involved.“” Cesium produces early afterdepolarizations in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers’9‘21 and in the intact heart.21-23 Magnesium suppresses these early afterdepolarizations and associated ventricular tachyarrhythmias,“~21 possibly by blocking the calcium current,24 whereas ansae subclaviae stimulation, infusion of norepinephrine, and selective CY- and P-agonists augment early afterdepolarizations.
Chromosome 8p11.2 translocations: Prevalence, FISH analysis for FGFR1 and MYST3, and clinicopathologic correlates in a consecutive cohort of 13 cases from a single institution

Chromosome 8p11.2 translocations result in diverse oncogenic fusion genes involving FGFR1 or MYST3. Among 24,262 unique patient cytogenetic studies performed at the Mayo Clinic, 8p11.2 translocations were identified in 14 cases (∼0.06%). FISH analysis was performed in 13 patients (12 had myeloid neoplasms) and revealed abnormalities of MYST3 (n = 4) or FGFR1 (n = 4) in eight patients. MYST3 abnormalities were associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), M4 in three and M6 in one. Three of the four FGFR1-rearranged cases were associated with myeloproliferative neoplasms but none, including the two with sole 8p11.2, displayed the typical phenotype for stem cell leukemia/lymphoma (SCLL) and only one had eosinophilia; the fourth case had AML-M4. FISH did not reveal FGFR1 involvement in the one patient with SCLL. We conclude that neither the SCLL phenotype nor blood eosinophilia is a consistent feature of FGFR1-associated 8p11.2 translocations; conversely, FISH might not always reveal FGFR1 involvement in typical SCLL. Am. J. Hematol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Ornithine-urea cycle enzymes in early embryos of the dogfish Squalus suckleyi and the skate Raja binoculata.

Abstract 1. 1.Ornithine carbamoyltransferase and arginase were found in the early embryos but not in the yolks of the elasmobranchs Squalus suckleyi and Raja binoculata. 2. 2. The specific activity of both enzymes increases during development, with the greatest changes occurring in the early stages. 3. 3. The presence of these two enzymes suggests that a functional ornithine-urea cycle occurs early in the elasmobranch life cycle.
Response to Letter by Albright et al

Response: Thank you for your interest in our article regarding the geographic distribution of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatments by hospital in the United States.1 We agree with the overall sentiment of your letter, which is that physicians should be very aware of the importance of documentation in their clinical care of stroke patients. It is not only important for billing appropriately but also it is extremely important from the public health perspective in the United States for tracking and improving health care delivery. However, we would like to clarify the difference between …
Topography and Culture: The Case of the Changing Cage

This paper deals with a problem long debated by anthropologists—the relationship between environment and culture. We analyze effects of topography on cultural change in situations of contact between two social systems, one more powerful than the other and inclined to enforce its behaviors on the weaker. We do this by examining cultural changes in one work-unit within a large insurance company in the United States.
MO-C-AUD-02: NIH Roadmap, Public-Private Partnerships and the Biomarker Consortium

The NIH mission to improve the public health through biomedical research is accomplished by conducting research directly, by funding research through grants and contracts, and increasingly by partnering with any of a wide variety of partners. The synergy possible through the leveraging of NIH resources with the strengths of industry, professional societies, patient advocacy organizations, and academic partners allows work that cannot be done by any of the partners alone to be realized. Moreover, partnership can also facilitate increasing efficiency, economy and speed for translation of discovery to the public. The NIH Roadmap Public‐Private Partnership(PPP) Program is the center of such activities and policies, programs and examples of PPPs will be described, as well as ways that AAPM might take advantage of partnership opportunities. Educational Objectives: 1. Understand the NIH position on PPPs. 2. Understand PPP Policies and programs. 3. Learn how new PPPs can be initiated.
LWIR/MWIR adaptive focal plane array

An Adaptive Focal Plane Array (AFPA) device that enables a "chip scale" imaging spectrometer is being developed. The AFPA device consists of an array of MEMS tunable filters that is intimately coupled to a dual band IR FPA. The MEMS filters provide narrowband tuning in the LWIR and simultaneous broadband imaging in the MWIR. Each filter element can be independently tuned. In the current design, each filter tunes the wavelength of pixel subarrays. Ultimately, filter size will be reduced to achieve independent wavelength tunability for each pixel element. This unique architecture of an AFPA device enables adaptive spectral analysis of the scene. Rather than collecting the complete hyperspectral cube, methods being developed will enable selection of spatially optimized spectral band sets for a variety of targets and materials that are selected "on-the-fly" to maximize the contrast between the local background and the target or material to be identified. The analyzed LWIR spectral information may then be overlaid with a pixel registered high resolution MWIR image.
High resolution soft x-ray bending magnet beamline 9.3.2 with circularly polarized radiation capability at the Advanced Light Source

Abstract Bending magnet beamline 9.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) was designed for high resolution spectroscopy in the soft x-ray energy region, covering a range from 30 eV to 1500 eV with three gratings. The monochromator itself is a standard fixed included angle 55 m spherical grating monochromator and was originally used at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) as a prototype for later insertion device based monochromators for the ALS. For operations at the ALS, the toroidal pre-mirror used at SSRL to vertically focus onto the entrance slit and horizontally focus onto the exit slit was replaced by two separate crossed mirrors (Kirkpatrick-Baez configuration). Circularly polarized radiation is obtained by inserting a water-cooled movable aperture in front of the vertically focusing mirror to allow selecting the beam either above or below the horizontal plane. To maintain a stable beam intensity through the entrance slit, the photocurrent signals from the upper and lower jaws of the entrance slit are utilized to set a feedback loop with the vertically deflecting mirror Piezoelectric drive. The beamline end station has a rotatable platform (through 60°) that accommodates two experimental chambers, enabling the synchrotron radiation to be directed to either one without breaking vacuum.
Enabling the Next Generation of Spaceborne Quadrupole Mass Spectrometers

The quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) has over 30 years of spaceflight heritage in making important neutral gas and low energy ion observations. Given their geometrical constraints, these instruments are currently operated at the extreme limit of their capabilities. However, a technique called higher order auxiliary excitation provides a set of novel, robust, electronics-based solutions for improving the performance of these sensors. By driving the quadrupole rods with an additional frequency nearly twice that of the normal RF operating frequency, substantially increased abundance sensitivity, maximum attainable mass resolution, and peak stability can be achieved through operation of voltage scan lines through the center of formed upper stability islands. Such improvements are modeled using numerical simulations of ion trajectories in a quadrupole field with and without applied higher order auxiliary excitation. When compared to a traditional QMS with a mass range up to 500Da, sensors can be designed with the same precision electronics to have expected mass ranges beyond 1500Da with a power increase of less than twice that of its heritage implementations.
Isolation of Doubled-Haploid Plants Through Anther Culture in Arabidopsis thaliana

Summary Calluses of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. induced from cultured anthers and shoots regenerated from such callus were analyzed genetically and cytologically. Chromosome counts suggested that all anther calluses giving rise to shoots were haploid but that the derived shoots could be either haploid or diploid. Simultaneous genetic analysis employing an acid phosphatase marker locus revealed that regenerant diploid shoots were of two types - doubled-haploids and maternal clones. Some regenerants from anther callus set seed. However, analysis of marker segregation in the resultant progeny families indicated that the shoots producing seeds were maternal clones rather than doubled-haploids.
Teaching selective attention to the cardiac cycle: the Cardio-gater.

Abstract An electronic gating device, the Cardiogater, has been used to teach selective attention to the cardiac cycle. The Cardiogater allows the instructor or student to visually “gate in” or “gate out” any selected portion of the cardiac cycle. Attention is directed to those sounds and murmurs occurring in the selected portion of the cardiac cycle because the remainder of the cycle is silent. The selected sounds can be returned to context by adding the remainder of the cardiac cycle. Design considerations permit noiseless operation of the gating circuit. The teaching value of the device is increased by the use of several visual displays simultaneously with the aural presentation. The technique lends itself to either individual self-teaching or classroom instruction. The instrument has proved particularly useful in the recognition and interpretation of a soft sound that is masked by a louder sound or murmur, and in the characterization of systolic murmurs.
What is the iterative conception of set

I intend to raise here some questions about what is nowadays called the ‘iterative conception of set’. Examination of the literature will show that it is not so clear as it should be what this conception is.
A CW Gunn diode bistable switching element

Experiments with a current-controlled bistable switching element using a CW Gunn diode are reported. Switching rates of the order of 10 MHz have been obtained. Switching is initiated by current pulses of short duration (5-10 ns). Rise times of the order of several nanoseconds could be obtained.
Effects of increased swimming costs on foraging behavior and efficiency of captive Steller sea lions: Evidence for behavioral plasticity in the recovery phase of dives

A significant component of foraging energetics is the cost of locomotion, which for marine animals, is the cost of swimming. Increases in the cost of swimming may have significant impacts on foraging efficiency. Minimizing the cost of swimming can contribute to the optimization of foraging strategies by reducing the energetic cost of foraging. Results of several field studies suggest that an increase in the cost of locomotion may have comparable effects on foraging behavior and efficiency to a decrease in prey availability. We tested the hypothesis that an increased cost of swimming, brought on by increased hydrodynamic drag, has the same effect on dive behavior and efficiency as reduced prey availability under standard locomotion. Experiments were performed using two adult female Steller sea lions at the Alaska SeaLife Center in Seward, AK, using the same animals and general experimental design previously used to test the effects of reduced prey encounter rate on dive behavior and efficiency. Animals were fitted with a drag-inducing harness for half of the 500 simulated foraging dives in order to increase the cost of swimming. Individual dive duration and foraging time were significantly reduced in all cost-increased dives, comparable to the effects of reduced prey encounter rate. However, on a bout-by-bout basis, dive and foraging efficiency were only slightly reduced, which is likely due to an average 50% reduction in post-dive surface recovery duration during cost-increased dives. Increased heat flux across the body surface measured in a parallel study confirmed a significant increase in work during drag-increased dives. These results suggest that sea lions are able to compensate for changes in the cost of foraging and maintain their foraging efficiency by altering their dive strategy over an entire bout of dives when operating well within their aerobic scope.
Procedural variation in the performance of primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a SCAI-based survey study of US interventional cardiologists.

BACKGROUND Great strides have been made in improving outcomes for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), predominately through initiatives focusing upon improving clinical processes "upstream" of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The actual step-by-step mechanics of diagnostic angiography during STEMI and other aspects of the PCI procedure itself have received relatively little attention. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS We hypothesized that there would be significant variation in how primary PCI for STEMI is performed in the United States. In order to better understand current US practice, an electronic survey consisting of seven focused questions was forwarded to 2,910 US interventional cardiologists who were members of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI). RESULTS Three hundred sixty-two responses were received (12.4%). Among respondents, the femoral artery was the preferred access site in 83% (vs. 17% radial). The use of a diagnostic catheter to visualize the non-culprit artery prior to using a guiding catheter for the culprit artery was the preferred approach for 58% of respondents, and an additional 23% preferred complete angiography with diagnostic catheters prior to guide insertion. However, a significant minority (19%) preferred starting directly with a guide catheter for the culprit artery and performing PCI prior to contralateral non-culprit artery visualization. Only 9% reported performing routine left ventriculography prior to PCI, with the majority (66%) choosing to perform ventriculography during/after PCI, and 25% reporting rare or no use of left ventriculography. Fewer than half of respondents (49%) reported routine aspiration thrombectomy use, despite a Class IIa ACC/AHA guidelines recommendation. CONCLUSIONS There is significant variability in the self-reported mechanics of primary PCI by US interventional cardiologists. Some of this variability (e.g., sequence of catheters, and performance of left ventriculography prior to reperfusion) is not addressed by current guidelines/consensus documents, and may have clinical implications, reflecting the balance between the desire for timely reperfusion versus a more complete assessment of patient risk.
DED: Database of Evolutionary Distances

A large database of homologous sequence alignments with good estimates of evolutionary distances can be a valuable resource for molecular evolutionary studies and phylogenetic research in particular. We recently created a database containing 159 921 transcripts from human, mouse, rat, zebrafish and fugu species. Approximately 16 000 homology groups were identified with the help of Ensembl homology evidence. At the macro-level, the database allows us to answer queries of the form:
Cel48A from Thermobifida fusca: Structure and site directed mutagenesis of key residues

Lignocellulosic biomass is a potential source of sustainable transportation fuels, but efficient enzymatic saccharificationofcelluloseisakeychallengeinitsutilization. Cellulases from the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 48 constitute an important component of bacterial biomass degrading systems and structures of three enzymes from this family have been previously published. We report a new crystal structure of TfCel48A, a reducing end directed exocellulase from Thermobifida fusca, which shows that this enzyme shares important structural features with the other members of the GH48 family. The active site tunnel entrance of the known GH48 exocellulases is enriched in aromatic residues, which are known to interact well with anhydroglu- cose units of cellulose. We carried out site-directed mutagenesis studies of these aromatic residues (Y97, F195, Y213, and W313) along with two non-aromatic residues (N212and S311)also locatedaround thetunnel entranceand a W315 residue inside the active site tunnel. Only the aromatic residues located around the tunnel entrance appear to be important for the ability of TfCel48A to access individual cellulose chains on bacterial cellulose (BC), a crystalline substrate. Both Trp residues were found to be important for the processivity of TfCel48A on BC and phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC), but only W313 appears to play a role in the ability of the enzyme to access individual cellulose chains in BC. When acting on BC, reduced processivity was found to correlate with reduced enzyme activity. The reverse, however, is true when PASC is the substrate. Presumably, higher density of available cellulose chain ends and the amorphous nature of PASC explain the increased initial activity of mutants with lower processivity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 664-673.
Cellular rejection and rate of progression of transplant vasculopathy: A 3-year serial intravascular ultrasound study

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is established as the optimal method for early detection of transplant vasculopathy. The association between cellular rejection and development of transplant vasculopathy remains controversial. This study attempts to determine the rate of progression of transplant vasculopathy lesions and its relationship with cellular rejection in a long-term (> 1 year) IVUS serial follow-up.A study cohort of 47 patients undergoing heart transplantation from 1993 to 1995 was evaluated. Intravascular ultrasound was performed at baseline (within 8 weeks) and annually for a period of 3 years to determine maximum intimal thickness and maximum plaque area in each coronary segment. Significant allograft vasculopathy was defined as a site with intimal thickness > 0.5 mm not present at baseline. Biopsy results were scored by assigning a numerical weight to each ISHLT grade during the first year. Donor lesions ranged from 0.86 to 1.1 mm, showing no evidence of progression at serial follow-up. De novo lesions were identified in 30 patients. These lesions appeared yearly but progressed slowly. The average biopsy score in the entire cohort was 1.1 +/- 0.8. Average biopsy score was > 1.0 in 35 patients with significant linear correlation between the rate of intimal progression and biopsy score (r = 0.42, p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that only the biopsy score correlated with the rate of progression. Lesions of donor atherosclerosis do not change significantly after transplantation. However, de novo lesions continue to develop every year. In patients with evidence of rejection, the rate of progression of transplant vasculopathy correlates with the severity of rejection.
Embedding evolutionary game theory into an optimal control framework for drug dosage design

In this paper, we show how evolutionary game theory can be embedded into a traditional optimal control framework in order to predict strategies for time-dependent drug dosages in the context of a growing pathogen population that exhibits the capacity to evolve in direct response to the level of applied drug. To illustrate our method for integrating evolutionary games with optimal control systems, we consider a simplified model that describes a generic trade-off between viral replication rate and drug resistance. The technique that we outline, however, is readily extendable to more complicated models that account, in more detail, for the specific biology of a particular pathogen of interest.
Predicting Human Behavior

Countless highly accurate predictions can be made from trace data, with varying degrees of personal or societal consequence (e.g., search engines predict hospital admission, gaming companies can predict compulsive gambling problems, government agencies predict criminal activity). Predicting human behavior can be both hugely beneficial and deeply problematic depending on the context. What kinds of predictive privacy harms are emerging? And what are the implications for systems of oversight and due process protections? For example, what are the implications for employment, health care and policing when predictive models are involved? How should varied organizations address what they can predict?
Effect of Wood Hardness, Condition, Texture and Substrate Type on Community Structure of Stream Invertebrates

Abstract In a field experiment, I examined the effect of wood hardness, condition, texture and substrate type on colonization of stream invertebrates and resulting community structure. Bundles of wood differing in hardness (firm and soft), condition (conditioned and unconditioned), and texture (rough and smooth) were placed in a Michigan stream and colonized for 30, 61 and 91 days. In addition, plexiglass rods were used as an inert analog of wood. Taxa richness was significantly greater on (1) rough-conditioned wood vs. rough-unconditioned wood and (2) smooth wood vs. smooth plexiglass. Larval Chironomidae were numerically dominant on all substrates and their density was affected by the interaction between wood condition and time, as well as wood condition and wood hardness. Densities of four of the six most abundant taxa were significantly greater on rough-soft wood than rough-firm wood. Densities of two taxa were significantly greater on rough-conditioned wood than rough-unconditioned wood. Wood texture...
Packing, specificity, and mutability at the binding interface between the p160 coactivator and CREB-binding protein.

Among the most common interaction motifs between nuclear proteins is the recognition of one or more amphipathic helices. In an effort to determine principles behind this recognition, we have investigated the interaction between the p160 coactivator protein ACTR and the ACTR-binding domain of the CREB-binding protein, CBP. The two proteins use relatively small portions of their primary sequences to form a single synergistically folded domain consisting of six intertwined α-helices, three from each protein. Neither of the component polypeptides forms a cooperatively folded domain in isolation. However, a considerable amount of residual secondary structure remains in the isolated CBP domain according to CD spectroscopy. Chemical denaturation, differential scanning calorimetry, and ANS binding experiments demonstrate that the isolated CBP domain is not entirely unfolded but forms a helical state with the characteristics of a molten globule. Mutations probing the functional and energetic significance of a buried intermolecular Arg–Asp salt bridge in the interface of the protein complex suggest that these residues are tuned for functional discrimination and not strictly for binding affinity or stability. These results suggest a mechanism for formation of the complex where the unfolded ACTR domain interacts with the partly folded CBP domain in a rapid and specific manner to form the final stable complex.
Book-Review: Aesthetic Rejuvenation: A Regional Approach

Ranella Hirsch Neil Sadick Joel Cohen, Editors. Aesthetic Rejuvenation: A Regional Approach. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2008 ISBN-10: 0071494952 ![][1] Aesthetic Rejuvenation: A Regional Approach , edited by Drs. Ranella Hirsch, Neil Sadick, and Joel Cohen, is an 11-chapter book with contributions by a new generation of dermatologists and cosmetic surgeons specializing in a variety of aesthetic procedures. The multidisciplinary nature of the book gives it great appeal to a broad group of practicing physicians. After a few overviews guiding the practitioner’s approach to the cosmetic patient and a complete compendium of the latest cosmeceutical agents, the book’s contents are presented in anatomical order: from face and neck to trunk and extremities. Chapters range in length between 16 and 46 pages, with the facial rejuvenation chapter (in eight … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Ecologically-oriented neurorehabilitation of memory: robustness of outcome across diagnosis and severity.

Primary objective: The current study looked for a differential response to memory rehabilitation, testing the hypotheses that outcome would vary significantly as a function of patient diagnosis and severity of memory impairment.Research design: Unblinded, open-label, pre/post-treatment comparison of memory rehabilitation in patients stratified by diagnosis (brain injury, n = 15; stroke, n = 12; other neurological condition, n = 6) and memory impairment severity.Methods and procedures: Patients underwent an ecologically-oriented, strategy-based intervention for memory impairment and were evaluated pre- and post-treatment on seven simulations (four with alternate forms, randomized to the pre- or post-test) of everyday declarative or prospective memory tasks.Main outcomes and results: Patients at all levels of severity and in all three diagnostic groups showed equivalent, statistically significant improvement in memory performance. Neither practice effects from repeat test administration nor spontaneous reco...
Metabolic profiling: definition and use in physiological state classification

Metabolic profiling analyses were performed on metabolite measurements and intracellular fluxes obtained in liver models of injury. Classification of physiological states by projection based discrimination improved with increasing metabolite measurement number and addition of fluxes.
Evaluation of Corn and Barley as Energy Sources for Cows in Early Lactation Fed Alfalfa-Based Diets

Abstract Twenty-four multiparous, lactating Holstein cows were used in an experiment to determine the value of corn or Steptoe barleys of one of three densities (.66, .73, or .79 kg/L) on production in early lactation. The corn diet also contained 11.8% beet pulp. Each cow was assigned to a sequence of three diets that were fed during three 21-d periods. Cows were fed TMR containing 56% concentrate and 44% mixed alfalfa forage (DM basis). The corn and .73-kg/L barley diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Other barleys were included in their respective diets on an equal weight basis with the .73-kg/L barley diet. The corn diet contained a greater amount of beet pulp than the barley diets to equalize NDF content. There was no effect of diet on milk production, milk composition, or DMI for cows in early lactation. Diets were quite palatable; DMI averaged more than 4% of BW. Results of an in situ study showed that the corn used in these diets contained DM, CP, and starch that was less degradable than the barleys, yet this did not affect intake or milk production. Results of this trial indicate that barley can be used effectively in rations of high producing cows. Energy values listed by the NRC for barley appear to be accurate for Steptoe barley and can be used to develop an alfalfa-barley ration of feeding value equal to an alfalfa, corn, and beet pulp ration.
Predicting accuracy of extracting information from unstructured text collections

Exploiting lexical and semantic relationships in large unstructured text collections can significantly enhance managing, integrating, and querying information locked in unstructured text. Most notably, named entities and relations between entities are crucial for effective question answering and other information retrieval and knowledge management tasks. Unfortunately, the success in extracting these relationships can vary for different domains, languages, and document collections. Predicting extraction performance is an important step towards scalable and intelligent knowledge management, information retrieval and information integration. We present a general language modeling method for quantifying the difficulty of information extraction tasks. We demonstrate the viability of our approach by predicting performance of real world information extraction tasks, Named Entity recognition and Relation Extraction.
Seamless Synthetic Aperture Radar Archive for Interferometry Analysis

Abstract. The NASA Advancing Collaborative Connections for Earth System Science (ACCESS) seamless synthetic aperture radar (SAR) archive (SSARA) project is a collaboration between UNAVCO, the Alaska Satellite Facility (ASF), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and OpenTopography at the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC) to design and implement a seamless distributed access system for SAR data and derived interferometric SAR (InSAR) data products. A unified application programming interface (API) has been created to search the SAR archives at ASF and UNAVCO, 30 and 90-m SRTM DEM data available through OpenTopography, and tropospheric data from the NASA OSCAR project at JPL. The federated query service provides users a single access point to search for SAR granules, InSAR pairs, and corresponding DEM and tropospheric data products from the four archives, as well as the ability to search and download pre-processed InSAR products from ASF and UNAVCO.
An Aesthetic Approach to Virtual Community

Because virtual communities increasingly influence thought and practice in everyday life, family and consumer sciences professionals need to understand their nature and consequences. This article proposes that an aesthetic approach, defined as the ability to synthesize diverse elements into reciprocal relationships and coherent wholes, can help us create and interpret virtual community experiences. Three aesthetic qualities can be applied to virtual communities: Diversity contributes unique ideas and vitality, unity emphasizes shared themes and goals, and reciprocity leads to mutually supportive and dynamic relationships among community participants. Family and consumer sciences professionals should draw on aesthetic concepts to enhance the diversity of membership and ideas, promote common purpose, facilitate opportunities for imaginative relationships, and conduct research with regard to virtual communities.
Experimental constraints on the thermodynamics and sound velocities of hcp‐Fe to core pressures

We report the high-pressure thermoelastic and vibrational thermodynamic parameters for hexagonal close-packed iron (e-Fe), based on nuclear resonant inelastic X-ray scattering and in situ X-ray diffraction experiments at 300 K. Long data collection times, high-energy resolution, and quasi-hydrostatic sample conditions produced a high-statistical quality data set that comprises the volume-dependent phonon density of states (DOS) of e-Fe at eleven compression points. From the integrated phonon DOS, we determine the Lamb-Mossbauer factor (f_(LM)), average force constant (Φ), and vibrational entropy (S_(vib)) of e-Fe to pressures relevant to Earth's outer core. We find f_(LM) = 0.923 ± 0.001 at 171 GPa, suggesting restricted thermal atomic motion at large compressions. We use Φ to approximate e-Fe's pressure- and temperature-dependent reduced isotopic partition function ratios (β-factors), which provide information about the partitioning behavior of iron isotopes in equilibrium processes involving solid e-Fe. In addition, we use the volume dependence of S_(vib) to determine the product of e-Fe's vibrational thermal expansion coefficient and isothermal bulk modulus, which we find to be pressure-independent and equal to 5.70 ± 0.05 MPa/K at 300 K. Finally, from the low-energy region of each phonon DOS, we determine the Debye sound velocity (v_D), from which we derive the compressional (v_P) and shear (v_S) sound velocities of e-Fe. We find v_D = 5.60 ± 0.06, v_P = 10.11 ± 0.12, and v_S = 4.99 ± 0.06 km/s at 171 GPa, thus providing a new tight constraint on the density dependence of e-Fe's sound velocities to outer core pressures.
Comparison of transfusion with DCLHb or pRBCs for treatment of intraoperative anemia in sheep.

Isoflurane-anesthetized sheep were transfused with packed red blood cells (pRBCs) or diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin (DCLHb) for treatment of intraoperative hemorrhage. A rapid 15-min hemorrhage ...
Types for safe locking: Static race detection for Java

This article presents a static race-detection analysis for multithreaded shared-memory programs, focusing on the Java programming language. The analysis is based on a type system that captures many common synchronization patterns. It supports classes with internal synchronization, classes that require client-side synchronization, and thread-local classes. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the type system, we have implemented it in a checker and applied it to over 40,000 lines of hand-annotated Java code. We found a number of race conditions in the standard Java libraries and other test programs. The checker required fewer than 20 additional type annotations per 1,000 lines of code. This article also describes two improvements that facilitate checking much larger programs: an algorithm for annotation inference and a user interface that clarifies warnings generated by the checker. These extensions have enabled us to use the checker for identifying race conditions in large-scale software systems with up to 500,000 lines of code.
Surface Cyclolysis in the North Pacific Ocean. Part II: Piecewise Potential Vorticity Diagnosis of a Rapid Cyclolysis Event

Abstract Employing output from a successful numerical simulation, piecewise potential vorticity inversion is used to diagnose a rapid surface cyclolysis event that occurred south of the Aleutian Islands in late October 1996. The sea level pressure minimum of the decaying cyclone rose 35 hPa in 36 h as its associated upper-tropospheric wave quickly acquired a positive tilt while undergoing a rapid transformation from a nearly circular to a linear morphology. The inversion results demonstrate that the upper-tropospheric potential vorticity (PV) anomaly exerted the greatest control over the evolution of the lower-tropospheric height field associated with the cyclone. A portion of the significant height rises that characterized this event was directly associated with a diminution of the upper-tropospheric PV anomaly that resulted from negative PV advection by the full wind. This forcing has a clear parallel in more traditional synoptic/dynamic perspectives on lower-tropospheric development, which emphasize di...
The incident at tower 37

"The Incident at Tower 37" leverages the power of allegory to foster a debate about ownership, use, and exhaustion of natural resources. It also represents a significant new direction in undergraduate animation education that is built on a sophisticated set of student-developed, open-source production-management and support tools.
The Effects of Strategy Type on the Market Orientation-Performance Relationship

Abstract Prior research has been equivocal on the role that competitive environment plays in moderating the relationship between market orientation and a firm’s business performance, even though such a moderating effect is conceptually quite plausible (Slater and Narver 1994). In this article, the authors empirically examine the role of business strategy type as an alternative, potential moderator of the market orientation-performance relationship. By using an improved version of Kohli and Jaworski’s market orientation scale (Jaworski and Kohli 1993; Kohli, Jaworski, and Kumar 1993), the authors find evidence that supports the moderating effects of business strategy type on the strength of the relationship between market orientation and business performance. The authors also offer implications and future research questions based on the findings.
Acute Effects of Intravenous Infusion of 17β-Estradiol and 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone on Gonadotropin Release

The normal midcycle surge of luteinizing hormone (LH), an approximately 10-fold increase, and a smaller surge of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are preceded by peaks in serum estradiol (E 2 ) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-P). The elevation in E 2 is thought to be the important trigger mechanism for the LH surge. The possibility that the preovulatory elevation in 17-P may by itself, or combined with E 2 , be the trigger mechanism was investigated. E 2 and 17-P, alone and combined, were infused to mimic late follicular-phase blood concentrations in postmenopausal women pretreated with E 2 . This produced 1.6- to 4.6-fold increases in serum LH and lesser increases in serum FSH 24hours after infusion. Thus, the normal ovulatory surge of gonadotropins could not be reproduced by infusions of 17-P or E 2 , or both. Infusion with 17-P appeared to stimulate LH release and did not augment or inhibit the effect of E 2 on gonadotropin release.
On the Branch Formation of Linkages

A spatial linkage with the displacement governed by two fundamental equations can be regarded as a virtual double loop system. The mobility of the linkage is affected by the mobility of each individual “loop” as well as the interaction between the loops. The current use of branch points for branch identification is limited to linkages with simple topology, such as Stephenson-type linkages, which are simplified versions of group 2 mechanisms. However, in a general spatial group 2 linkage, both the fundamental equations are equivalent to virtual five-bar loops. Branch points in Stephenson-type linkages should be generalized to explain and define the interaction between two virtual five-bar loops. The concept of generalized branch points offers the explanation of how branches are formed in spatial group 2 linkages. This paper presents the theoretical background for the mobility analysis of complex spatial linkages.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Solomon to His Friends: The Role of Epistolarity in Eupolemos

The Hellenistic Judaean historian known as Eupolemos embedded four fanciful epistles in his history of the kings of Judaea: two letters from Solomon to the kings of Egypt and Tyre, and the two responses of those kings. The letters to and from the king of Tyre are closely modeled on an exchange between Solomon and Hiram of Tyre in 1 Kings and 2 Chronicles. The letters involving the Egyptian king, however, are Eupolemos's invention. This article demonstrates through a close reading of Eupolemos vis-a-vis its sources, and in light of contemporaneous Greek letters, that the author used Hellenistic epistolary conventions as a medium for rewriting the traditional history of Solomon's reign. It is argued that he did so apologetically in order to characterize the foreign kings as ‘friends', that is, subordinate vassals, of the Judaean king. The historical context reflected in this epistolary re-characterization reflects political conditions in Hasmonean Judaea in the late second century bce, and thereby is offere...