cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Motherhood and the Construction of “Mommy Identity”: Messages about Motherhood and Face Negotiation

This study examined women's attitudes about motherhood by utilizing the concept of “face” (Goffman, 1967) and the role memorable messages play in the construction of women's identities as mothers. Results suggested that women could recall messages from a variety of sources, including family members and other mothers. Participants generally reported that they did not seek to maintain a “good mother face” for others, yet when asked to provide reasons why they engaged in facework behaviors, they provided a variety of reasons such as acceptance and approval.
Isolation of the structural polypeptides of foot-and-mouth disease virus and analysis of their C-terminal sequences.

Abstract The three polypeptides—VP 1 , VP 2 and VP 3 —which comprise approximately 91% of the protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus, type A 12 -119, were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in sufficient purity and quantity for determination of their amino acid compositions as well as for analysis of their C-terminal sequences and molecular weights by reaction with carboxypeptidase-A. At least seven distinct differences in amino acid compositions were observed among the three polypeptides, but their average composition was nearly identical to that of the total protein of the virus, VP 0–4 . C-Terminal amino acid sequences for VP 1 and VP 3 appear to to be (—serine-glutamine) and (—glutamine-alanine-leucine), respectively, and the C-terminal amino acid of VP 2 is probably glutamic acid. Molecular weights for VP 1 and VP 3 calculated from C-terminal data were in the 27,500–31,000 dalton range compared with values of 28,500 determined previously by PAGE.
Enhancement of Glucocorticoid Receptor-Mediated Gene Expression by Constitutively Active Heat Shock Factor 1

To further define the role of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in the stress potentiation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity, we placed a constitutively active mutant of human HSF1 (hHSF1-E189) under the control of a doxycycline (DOX)-inducible vector. In mouse L929 cells, DOX-induced expression of hHSF1-E189 correlated with in vivo occupancy of the human heat shock protein 70 (hHsp70) promoter (chromatin-immunoprecipitation assay) and with increased activity under nonstress conditions at the hHsp70 promoter controlling expression of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) (p2500-CAT). Comparison of hHSF1-E189 against stress-activated, endogenous HSF1 for DNA-binding, p2500-CAT, and Hsp70 protein expression activities showed the mutant factor to have lower, but clearly detectable, activities as compared with wild-type factor. Thus, the hHSF1-E189 mutant is capable of replicating these key functions of endogenous HSF1, albeit at reduced levels. To assess the involvement of hHSF1-E189 in GR activity, DOX-i...
Reducing nonlinear distortion due to automatic-gain-control circuits

In many modern transistor radios there is substantial distortion with strong signals as a result of the sharp cutoff characteristics of variable-gain transistors. In this note, the problem is analysed. It is shown that the defect can be corrected using biased diodes as gain-control elements.
Bacterial Cell Wall Polymer-Induced Granulomatous Inflammation

Abstract Local or systemic injection of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers, which are the primary structural components of cell walls of nearly all bacteria, leads to acute inflammation, which can develop into chronic, spontaneously relapsing, granulomatous inflammation in a number of organs. Evolution into chronic granulomatous inflammation is dependent upon persistence of poorly biodegradable cell wall polymers within tissues, genetically determined host susceptibility, and generation of a T-lymphocyte-mediated immune response. Intraperitoneal injection of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide fragments from group A streptococci or selected intestinal bacteria into susceptible Lewis rats leads to chronic, spontaneously reactivating erosive arthritis and hepatic granulomas. Subserosal (intramural) injection of poorly biodegradable cell wall fragments into the distal intestine of Lewis rats induces chronic, spontaneously relapsing granulomatous enterocolitis with associated arthritis, hepatic granulomas, anemia, and leukocytosis. Chronic inflammation does not occur in T-lymphocyte-deficient rats and is prevented by cyclosporin-A therapy and degradation of peptidoglycan by the muralytic enzyme, mutanolysin. Moreover, resistant Buffalo and Fischer F344rats, the latter sharing identical MHC antigens with Lewis rats, develop only acute inflammation with no chronic granulomatous response. Peptidoglycan-polysaccharide polymers activate almost every limb of the inflammatory response. Blockade of specific pathways suggests that interleukin-1, transforming growth factor-β, plasma kallikrein, and T lymphocytes are dominant mediators of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide-induced arthritis, hepatic granulomas, and enterocolitis. Because of the similarity of immune mechanisms of these rat models to human disease, bacterial cell wall-induced inflammation provides unique opportunities to study pathogenic mechanisms of granuloma formation in response to ubiquitous microbial agents and to test novel therapeutic agents.
Diversity-Generating Retroelement Homing Regenerates Target Sequences for Repeated Rounds of Codon Rewriting and Protein Diversification

Summary Diversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) introduce vast amounts of sequence diversity into target genes. During mutagenic homing, adenine residues are converted to random nucleotides in a unidirectional, reverse transcriptase-dependent transposition process from a donor template repeat (TR) to a recipient variable repeat (VR). Using a Bordetella bacteriophage DGR as a model, we demonstrate that homing occurs through a TR-containing RNA intermediate and is RecA independent. Marker transfer studies show that cDNA integration at the 3′ end of VR occurs within a (G/C) 14 element, and deletion analysis demonstrates that the reaction is independent of 5′ end cDNA integration. cDNA integration at the 5′ end of VR requires only short stretches of sequence homology. We propose that homing occurs through a unique target DNA-primed reverse transcription mechanism that precisely regenerates target sequences. This nonproliferative "copy and replace" mechanism enables repeated rounds of protein diversification and optimization of ligand-receptor interactions.
A name for D

Several additional points may be of interest concerning the recent Eos correspondence on appellations for the much-studied Earth's regions denoted D″ and F by K. E. Bullen. These relatively thin shells were subdivisions made by Bullen on the basis of the P velocity inversion in 1939 by H. Jeffreys. Jeffreys [1938, p. 285] was certainly aware of C. G. Dahms publications, presenting evidence for a shell of almost constant P velocity at the base of the mantle, but he refrained from fixing any name to it. Bullen [1947, p. 207] specifically relates in the first edition of his book that Dahm and J. B. Macelwane provided independent evidence that there may be a separate layer of thickness 100–200 km above the boundary of the central core.
Analysis of radiative transfer in rectangular enclosures using a discrete exchange factor method

The objective of the present work is to apply the discrete exchange factor (DEF) method to a gray rectangular enclosure containing an absorbing-emitting and isotropically scattering medium. The results of this method are compared to those of the zonal (Larsen and Howell, 1985) and discrete-ordinate (Fiveland, 1984) methods and exact solutions (Shah, 1979; Crosbie Schrenker, 1984). The accuracy of the method is demonstrated for different gas and surface conditions and the effect of the number of nodes on the computational time is also examined.
Solubilization of a particulate UDP-glucose: Sterol β-glucosyl-transferase in developing cotton fibers and seeds and characterization of steryl 6-acyl-d-glucosides

Abstract A particulate enzyme fraction from developing cotton fibers catalyzed the transfer of [14C]glucose from UDP-[14C]glucose to endogenous sterol acceptors, and in turn catalyzed the esterification of the steryl glucosides with fatty acids from an endogenous acyl donor. Analysis of the products by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry revealed that β-sitosterol was the predominant sterol moiety, while campesterol, cholesterol, and stigmasterol were present in smaller amounts. Glucose was the only sugar present, and it appeared to have the β-configuration. Palmitate and oleate were the major acyl components of the esterified steryl glucoside, and these fatty acid moieties appeared to be linked to the 6-position of glucose as indicated by both periodate cleavage and permethylation studies of the esterified steryl glucoside. When the UDP-glucose: sterol glucosyl transferase was solubilized with Triton X-100 and partially purified, it demonstrated an absolute requirement for added sterol acceptor and could utilize both cholesterol and stigmasterol almost as efficiently as β-sitosterol. However, it was specific for UDP-glucose and showed only slight activity with ADP-glucose, GDP-glucose, CDP-glucose, TDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, and UDP-mannose. The reaction rate was stimulated three-fold by the addition of plant lecithins, while egg lecithin had no effect. Intracellular localization studies demonstrated that the membrane vesicles containing the UDP-glucose:sterol glucosyl transferase had a sucrose density gradient profile which was similar to that of several other enzymes thought to be involved in the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides.
On the hydrodynamic evolution of quark-gluon plasma produced by ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions☆

Abstract The hydrodynamic evolution of a quark-gluon plasma, produced in the central rapidity region, is studied incorporating the external bag pressure acting on the plasma surface. It is shown that the plasma fluid, which undergoes the scaling longitudinal expansion, generates a non-trivial transverse flow pattern, near the plasma surface, consisting of a rarefaction wave and a compression wave, instead of a simple rarefaction wave in the case of free expansion without a surface boundary condition. We also discuss a possible global phase transition of supercooled plasma, in the interior of the cylinder, to a superheated dense hadron gas through a time-like surface of discontinuity.
Effect of Visco-elastic Behavior on Stress Development in a Metal-Ceramic System

We developed an analytical model to calculate transient stress and gap displacement during cooling of a porcelainized semicircular arch with a gapped diametral segment. Constant cooling rates were assumed after the specimens were slowly cooled (with power terminated to the furnace) from the porcelain firing temperature. The analytical model incorporates linear visco-elasticity and structural relaxation effects. We calculated transient and residual gap displacements and stresses for a semicircular arch specimen (composed of an experimental opaque porcelain and a Ni-Cr-Be alloy) for six thickness ratios at a cooling rate of 3 degrees C/min. Residual gap displacements were measured for metal-porcelain arch specimens of six thickness ratios. Compared with measured values, calculations based on the visco-elastic theory overestimated gap closure for porcelain/metal thickness ratios below 1.5, and underestimated gap closure at thickness ratios above 1.5.
Cardiovascular mortality in chronic renal failure: hyperphosphatemia, coronary calcification, and the role of phosphate binders.

Hyperphosphatemia is a strong and unique risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in patients on dialysis for chronic renal failure. Overall treatment of hyperphosphatemia should focus on achieving and maintaining a serumphosphate level less than 5.5 mg/dL. Calcium-containing phosphate binders remain standard therapy, although selected patients may benefit from the addition or substitution of calcium-free phosphate binders. Reducing cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic renal failure should focus on addressing traditional cardiovascular risk factors. The incremental risk-assessment value of coronary artery calcium scoring is limited.
RECOLLECTIONS OF THEIR FATHERS BY HOMOSEXUAL AND HETEROSEXUAL MEN

A nonrandom, nonclinical t-test comparison study of 30 homosexual and 30 heterosexual men was conducted to describe their memories of their fathers' behaviors toward them. Previous studies had iden...
Multiple Particle Filtering

Particle filtering is a sequential signal processing methodology that uses discrete random measures composed of particles and weights to approximate probability distributions of interest. The quality of approximation depends on many factors including the number of particles used for filtering and the way new particles are generated by the filter. The problem of good approximation becomes increasingly challenging as the dimension of the state space increases. In this paper, we address a possible solution for improved particle filtering in high dimensional cases by using a set of particle filters operating on partitioned subspaces of the complete state space. We provide simulation results that show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
In Situ Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy of ZnO Nanopowders Processed by Remote Plasma

In many instances the quality of the surface in ZnO nanoscale systems is a key performance-defining parameter. The surface itself could be a very significant source of lattice defects as well as contaminating impurities, and this influence may extend into the sub-surface vicinity. In our work, key element of the surface analysis is the surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy known for its advantages, such as: identification of conduction vs. valence band nature of the defect-related transitions and the defect level positions within the band gap, ability to measure relatively low densities of surface defects as well as their cross sections. Additional information can be obtained from the SPV transient measurements. In our system, SPV characterization is run in high vacuum, complemented by in situ remote plasma treatment. This combination of surface-sensitive and surface-specific tools is well-suited for studying surface properties with a high degree of reliability since there is no exposure to common air contaminants between processing and characterization cycles. We employed O/He remote plasma treatments of ZnO nanocrystalline surfaces. In situ SPV spectra and transient measurements of the as-received and processed samples revealed, on the one hand, a number of common spectral features in different ZnO nanopowder specimens, and, on the other hand, a noticeable plasma-driven changes in the surface defect properties, as well as in the overall electronic and optical surface characteristics.
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2 enhance the ligand sensitivity of photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated channels

Photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are the principal ion channels responsible for transduction of the light-induced change in cGMP concentration into an electrical signal. The ligand sensitivity of photoreceptor CNG channels is subject to regulation by intracellular signaling effectors, including calcium-calmodulin, tyrosine kinases and phosphoinositides. Little is known, however, about regulation of channel activity by modification to extracellular regions of CNG channel subunits. Extracellular proteases MMP9 and -2 are present in the interphotoreceptor matrix adjacent to photoreceptor outer segments. Given that MMPs have been implicated in retinal dysfunction and degeneration, we hypothesized that MMP activity may alter the functional properties of photoreceptor CNG channels. For heterologously expressed rod and cone CNG channels, extracellular exposure to MMPs dramatically increased the apparent affinity for cGMP and the efficacy of cAMP. These changes to ligand sensitivity were not prevented by destabilization of the actin cytoskeleton or by disruption of integrin mediated cell adhesion, but could be attenuated by inhibition of MMP catalytic activity. MMP-mediated gating changes exhibited saturable kinetic properties consistent with enzymatic processing of the CNG channels. In addition, exposure to MMPs decreased the abundance of full-length expressed CNGA3 subunits, with a concomitant increase in putative degradation products. Similar gating effects and apparent proteolysis were observed also for native rod photoreceptor CNG channels. Furthermore, constitutive apparent proteolysis of retinal CNGA1 and retinal MMP9 levels were both elevated in aged mice compared with young mice. Together, these results provide evidence that MMP-mediated proteolysis can regulate the ligand sensitivity of CNG channels.
Asymmetric Polyporphyrin Films by Interfacial Polymerization

Abstract Interfacial polymerization of porphyrins derivatized with appropriate reactive functional groups yields thin polymeric films consisting of a network of linked porphyrins. A typical example is the reaction of tetra(p–chlorocarbonylphenyl)porphyrin (TCCPP) in chloroform with tetra(p–hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin (THPP) in aqueous base. The films display a unique chemical asymmetry, in the sense that opposite surfaces of the films show distinctive differences in the concentration and type of unreacted functional groups that are present. When placed between semitransparent electrodes and irradiated with either steady–state broad–band light or a pulsed laser, these films develop directional photopotentials (up to 25 mV), whereby the film surface that was prepared in contact with the TCCPP solution (the acid surface) develops a more negative potential than the opposite surface. We consider the directional photopotentials to be a manifestation of the chemical asymmetry of these interfacial films – that is, ph...
Heat sensitive microbubbles for intraoperative assessment of cancer ablation margin

We developed a heat-sensitive microbubble (HSM) agent for intraoperative assessment of thermal ablation margins in cancer ablation therapies. The HSM agent, comprising a core of liquid perfluorocarbon (PFC) compound and a shell of biodegradable poly lactic-coglycolic acid (PLGA), was fabricated using an emulsion evaporation method. In our previous study, significant increase of ultrasound contrast was observed after heat activation of HSMs. In this study, intraoperative ultrasonic assessment of thermal ablation margins by HSMs was demonstrated in vivo in a pig model. HSMs were delivered to the pig liver by portal vein injection. Liver ablation was done using a RF ablation probe. Intraoperative ultrasound imaging with HSMs clearly delineated the ablation margin. Fluorescence images of liver tissue samples confirmed the existence and activation of HSMs. This result demonstrated that the HSM agent can be potentially utilized as a multimodal contrast agent for intraoperative ultrasonic and fluorescence assessment of thermal ablation margins in cancer ablation therapies.
Tables for the Step-by-Step Integration of Ordinary Differential Equations of the First Order

A study is made of the step-by-step integration of ordinary differential equations of the first order by means of formulas obtained from the Gregory-Newton backward interpolating formula. Tables of relevant constants are presented.
Cortical opacity, calcium concentration and fiber membrane structure in the calf lens

We studied the dependence of calf lens transparency on the concentration of calcium in bathing solutions using turbidimetric methods and scanning electron microscopy. The calf lens is transparent in concentrations of calcium between 0·5 and 1·3 m m which correspond to the levels of calcium found inside the normal transparent lens. The calf lens cortex opacifies in concentrations of calcium which are either above or below the levels of calcium found in the normal lens. Scanning electron microscope studies show that lens fiber membranes are disrupted at both high and low calcium concentrations but normal membrane structure is maintained in calcium concentrations between 0·5 and 1·3 m m . These results quantitatively demonstrate the relationship between cortical opacity, fiber membrane structure and calcium concentrations.
Palmitoylputrescine, an Antibiotic Isolated from the Heterologous Expression of DNA Extracted from Bromeliad Tank Water†

Heterologous expression of large fragments of microbial DNA extracted directly from environmental samples (environmental DNA, or eDNA) in easily cultured hosts should provide access to some of the natural products produced by previously uncultured bacteria. The natural product antibiotic palmitoylputrescine (1) was isolated from Escherichia coli transformed with a cosmid (pCSLF16) containing DNA extracted directly from Costa Rican bromeliad tank water. In this report we describe the characterization of this antibiotic and its biosynthetic gene.
Rapid, routine evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function and left ventricular filling pressures during cardiac magnetic resonance imaging

Methods A GE HDx 3 T system with 8 channel cardiac coil was used for CMR examination. Mitral and pulmonary vein flows were obtained in 130 consecutive patients. The short axis slice with mitral valve was then used to acquire phase contrast images with VENC of 1 m/sec. Next the long axis of the LV showing the pulmonary vein, usually the right upper was acquired. An in-plane image of the pulmonary vein was obtained. Next a through plane phase contrast image of the pulmonary vein was obtained with a VENC of 80 cm/sec. Phantom images at the same mitral and pulmonary vein levels were obtained at the end of the study to correct for background noise.
Energy upconversion and spectroscopic studies of holmium-doped ZBLAN fibers

Green upconversion signals were observed from the 5S2 levels of holmium ion under 2 mW HeNe laser excitation. Under a dye laser or Ar+ laser excitation, we also observed blue upconversion signals from 3H6, 5G4 and 5G5 levels in addition to the green and red signals.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Count Me In Response to Sexual Orientation Measures Among Older Adults

Health disparities exist among sexual minority older adults. Yet, health and aging surveys rarely include sexual orientation measures and when they do, they often exclude older adults from being asked about sexual orientation. This is the first population-based study to assess item nonresponse to sexual orientation measures by age and change over time. We compare response rates and examine time trends in response patterns using adjusted logistic regressions. Among adults aged 65 and older, the nonresponse rate on sexual orientation is lower than income. While older adults show higher nonresponse rates on sexual orientation than younger adults, the nonresponse rates have significantly decreased over time. By 2010, only 1.23% of older adults responded don’t know/not sure, with 1.55% refusing to answer sexual orientation questions. Decisions to not ask sexual orientation among older adults must be reconsidered, given documented health disparities and rapidly changing social trends in the understanding of diverse sexualities.
ATPase activities in myelin and oligodendrocytes isolated from the brains of developing rats and from bovine brain white matter

Of the Na, K-ATPase activity in brain homogenates from 20-, 60-, and 120-day-old rats, 1.4 to 2.6% was recovered in myelin. The relative specific activities, at 0.2 to 0.3 times the specific activities in the rat brain homogenates, did not decrease during development, and myelin from bovine brain white matter had a similar relative specific activity. Oligodendrocytes from rat brains and bovine white matter had approximately one third the Na, K-ATPase specific activities found in myelin from the respective sources. The Mg-ATPase activity in rat brain myelin decreased during development and, in myelin from adult rats, was much lower than the Na, K-ATPase activity. Notably, oligodendrocytes from both the forebrains of 10- to 120-day-old rats and from bovine white matter had high Mg-ATPase activities. Whereas Na, K-ATPase may be intrinsic to certain regions of the myelin sheath, the Mg-ATPase in isolated myelin probably arises from fragments of oligodendrocyte membranes.
A Scoring Methodology for Assessing the Suitability of Management Science Models

In this study, five major criteria realism, flexibility, capability, ease of use, and cost for evaluating the suitability of management science models for R&D project selection are established, through personal interviews with R&D administrators and management scientists. A suitability rating system, based on these criteria, is used by the author to rate twenty-six management science models for their suitability of use in R&D project selection decision making. Profitablility index and scoring types of models were found to have generally higher ease of use and lower cost performances than the other types. The linear and nonlinear models had generally higher flexibility, while the linear, nonlinear and zero-one models had generally higher realism than the other model types.
Does warm blood retrograde cardioplegia preserve right ventricular function

Abstract Background . Efficacy of warm blood retrograde cardioplegia in preserving right heart function remains controversial. The current study was conducted to gauge the preservation of right ventricular function after warm blood retrograde cardioplegia. Methods . We studied 75 consecutive patients undergoing isolated heart valve procedures with warm blood retrograde cardioplegia as the exclusive mode of preservation. Right ventricular radionuclide ejection fraction and hemodynamic measurements using a pulmonary artery catheter were calculated before and within 3 days after operation. Results . Postoperative radionuclide right ventricular ejection fraction was well preserved at 0.4686 ± 0.0122 compared with 0.4327 ± 0.0255 preoperatively ( p = 0.7064). Right ventricular systolic work index improved from 5.82 ± 0.52 to 8.97 ± 0.60 g-m/m 2 ( p 2 ( p Conclusions . In the clinical setting warm blood retrograde cardioplegia used as the exclusive mode of myocardial preservation provides adequate protection of the right heart.
Wavelet-Based Approach for Structural Damage Detection

A wavelet-based approach is proposed for structural damage detection and health monitoring. Characteristics of representative vibration signals under the wavelet transformation are examined. The methodology is then applied to simulation data generated from a simple structural model subjected to a harmonic excitation. The model consists of multiple breakable springs, some of which may suffer irreversible damage when the response exceeds a threshold value or the number of cycles of motion is accumulated beyond their fatigue life. In cases of either abrupt or accumulative damages, occurrence of damage and the moment when it occurs can be clearly determined in the details of the wavelet decomposition of these data. Similar results are observed for the real acceleration data of the seismic response recorded on the roof of a building during the 1971 San Fernando earthquake. Effects of noise intensity and damage severity are investigated and presented by a detectability map. Results show the great promise of the wavelet approach for damage detection and structural health monitoring.
Trace gluten contamination may play a role in mucosal and clinical recovery in a subgroup of diet-adherent non-responsive celiac disease patients

Background: Patients with persistent symptoms and/or villous atrophy despite strict adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) have non-responsive celiac disease (NRCD). A subset of these patients has refractory celiac disease (RCD), yet some NRCD patients may simply be reacting to gluten cross-contamination. Here we describe the effects of a 3-6 month diet of whole, unprocessed foods, termed the Gluten Contamination Elimination Diet (GCED), on NRCD. We aim to demonstrate that this diet reclassifies the majority of patients thought to have RCD type 1 (RCD1). Methods: We reviewed the records of all GFD-adherent NRCD patients cared for in our celiac center from 20052011 who were documented to have started the GCED. Response to the GCED was defined as being asymptomatic after the diet, with normal villous architecture on repeat biopsy, if performed. Results: Prior to the GCED, all patients were interviewed by an experienced dietitian and no sources of hidden gluten ingestion were identified. 17 patients completed the GCED; 15 were female (88%). Median age at start of the GCED was 42 years (range 6-73). Fourteen patients (82%) responded to the GCED. Six patients met criteria for RCD prior to the GCED; 5 (83%) were asymptomatic after the GCED and no longer meet RCD criteria. Of the 14 patients who responded to the GCED, 11 (79%) successfully returned to a traditional GFD without resurgence of symptoms. Conclusions: The GCED may be an effective therapeutic option for GFD-adherent NRCD patients. Response to this diet identifies a subgroup of patients, previously classified as RCD1, that is not truly refractory to dietary treatment. Preventing an inaccurate diagnosis of RCD1 avoids immunotherapy. Most patients are able to return to a traditional GFD without return of symptoms.
Summary: Common themes and a checklist

Evaluators wishing to increase the utilization of their information can do so if they are willing to assume an active, planful, and ongoing role.
Evaluation of selected life-skill modules from the contemporary health series with students in grade 6

The purpose of the study was to assess the effects over a school term of selected life-skill modules from The Contemporary Health Series-Into Adolescence on scores for self-esteem, health (drug) attitudes, and behaviors of sixth-grade students. The 328 students were from classrooms assigned to either-experimental or control conditions. Analysis indicated that students exposed to selected modules from the curriculum series reported positive changes on a number of health-related variables in the questionnaire.
Inflammatory bowel disease-related dysplasia: evolving diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms

Abstract Patients with inflammatory bowel disease show an excess colon cancer incidence and mortality. Colonoscopy with biopsies represents the most robust strategy for decreasing the risk of malignancy. Targeted biopsies of lesions identified on a high-resolution endoscope and chromoendoscopy is now believed to be a more efficient means of detecting dysplasia, and random biopsies do not increase the yield of neoplasia. In clinical practice, the diagnosis of dysplasia is based on a constellation of changes that include cytologic, architectural and maturational abnormalities. Morphologically, most dysplasia is of the adenomatous type. The distinction of low-grade dysplasia from reactive epithelial changes remains a significant and sometime an insurmountable problem. Although p53 immunohistochemistry has been proposed as a biomarker for dysplasia, positive staining reactive conditions significantly limits its utility as a marker of dysplasia. The advent of high resolution endoscopes and chromoendoscopy allows for the visualization of the vast majority of dysplastic lesions, leaving only a minority of lesions are endoscopically invisible. Advances in screening and endoscopic resection techniques now permit conservative management of endoscopically visible dysplastic lesion, including some cases of high-grade dysplasia.
The Promotion of Indole-3-acetic Acid Oxidation in Pea Buds by Gibberellic Acid and Treatment

Terminal buds of dark-grown pea (Pisum sativum) seedlings have an indole-3-acetic acid oxidase which does not require Mn(2+) and 2,4-dichlorophenol as cofactors. Oxidase activity is at least 50 times higher in buds of tall peas than in dwarf seedlings. Administration of gibberellic acid to dwarf peas stimulates both growth and indoleacetic acid oxidase activity to the same levels as in tall seedlings. By contrast, indoleacetic acid oxidation assayed in the presence of Mn(2+) and 2,4-dichlorophenol proceeds at similar rates regardless of gibberellin application. Treatment of tall peas with the growth retardant AMO-1618 reduces growth and oxidase activity. Such treated seedlings are indistinguishably dwarf. The enzyme does not appear to be polyphenol oxidase, nor do the results suggest that reduced activity in dwarf buds is due to higher levels of a dialyzable inhibitor. The peroxidative nature of the oxidase is probable.
Kinetic and mechanical basis of rolling through an integrin and novel Ca2+-dependent rolling and Mg2+-dependent firm adhesion modalities for the alpha 4 beta 7-MAdCAM-1 interaction.

We studied interactions in shear flow of cells bearing integrins R4‚ 1o rR4‚7 with VCAM-1 and MAdCAM-1 substrates in different divalent cations. Interestingly, Ca 2+ was essential for tethering in flow and rolling interactions through both R4 integrins. Mg 2+ promoted firm adhesion of R4‚7-expressing cells on MAdCAM-1 but with much lower tethering efficiency in shear flow. The koff° of 1.28 s -1 and resistance of the receptor-ligand bond to force (estimated as a bond interaction distance or U) for transient tethers on MAdCAM-1 were similar to values for E- and P-selectins. By contrast to results in Ca 2+ or Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ ,i n Mg 2+ the R4‚7-MAdCAM-1 koff° decreased 20-fold to 0.046 s -1 , and the bond was weaker, providing an explanation for the finding of firm adhesion under these conditions. Shear enhanced tethering to MAdCAM-1, thereby contributing to the stability of rolling. Comparisons to selectins demonstrate that the kinetic and mechanical properties of the R4‚7 integrin are well suited to its intermediate position in adhesion cascades, in which it bridges rapid rolling through selectins to firm adhesion through ‚2 integrins.
EFFECT OF FOREST SPRAYING WITH ACEPHATE INSECTICIDE ON CONSUMPTION OF SPIDERS BY BROOK TROUT (SALVELINUS FONTINALIS)

Stomachs of mature brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitch., from sprayed and unsprayed streams were analyzed for arthropods. Within 48 h after exposure to aerial applications of 560 g/ha acephate (Orthene ® ) against spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), fish consumed many more spiders and other arthropods. Caged spiders in an acephate-sprayed forest behaved abnormally and had low survival.
QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF PECTIC ACID HYDROLYSIS BY ENDO‐POLYGALACTURONASE FROM Rhizopus Arrhizus

The mechanism of hydrolysis of various pectic substrates by highly purified endo-polygalacturonase from Rhizopus arrhizus (RAPG) was investigated. RAPG hydrolyzed pectic acids through a random attack mechanism. Under controlled conditions, after hydrolysis of the pectic acid (DP = 134) by RAPG for 48 hr at 30°C, the major end products were monogalacturonic acid (6.5%), dimer (18.0%), trimer (55.0%), tetramer (6.6%), pentamer (5.1%), hexamer (3.0%), and small amounts of other oligomers. RAPG reacted more quickly on pectic acids of intermediate molecular weight (DP = 24), and favored pectic acid rather than pectinic acid and pectins.
Sensate free flaps

Microvascular free flaps have greatly advanced the field of head and neck reconstruction. This allows the transfer of vascularized tissue from distant sites to reconstruct postextirpative defects. Adding to the refinement of these techniques is the introduction of sensate flaps. These are essential in restoring function in the upper aerodigestive tract. In this review, we present a discussion on the importance of sensation for proper swallowing function. We also describe the techniques used for sensate free flap reconstruction.
Physiological interaction of cortisone acetate and diethylstilbestrol; lack of androgenic or estrogenic effects of cortisone acetate.

IT HAS been shown that appreciable regression of human prostatic and mammary neoplasms occurs in some cases after bilateral adrenalectomy (Huggins and Bergenstal, 1951; 1952) with the use of cortisone acetate as maintenance substitution therapy. Since these tumors are neoplasms which are known to be influenced by sex hormones, it became important to know whether cortisone acetate had androgenic or estrogenic effects and if this compound could modify significantly the physiologic action of sex hormones on the accessory sex structures. These experiments will demonstrate that cortisone acetate does not stimulate the canine prostate nor the uterus of the rat but inhibits partially the action of diethylstilbestrol on the uterus. Kochakian (1944) found that the implantation of a pellet of cortisone in castrate male mice did not cause growth of the accessory reproductive structures. The administration of cortisone acetate to intact male rats did not greatly modify the histological
Impact of cryopreservation on spermatozoa from infertile men: implications for artificial insemination.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cryopreservation-thawing on the quality of sperm from men with subfertile semen parameters. Twenty-seven patients with teratozoospermia, six of whom also had asthenozoospermia, were studied and their sperm parameters were compared to those of fertile donors (n = 71) in their fresh, post-thaw, and washed samples. After thawing, the percentage decrease in motility was significantly greater in patients than in donors, but the motility yield (post-thaw motility/prethaw motility) reached an average of 58% in the patient group vs. 68% in the donors (p = .02). No single characteristic of the fresh samples from patients or donors could significantly predict post-thaw outcome. For the patient group, however, multiple regression analysis provided a cutoff sperm concentration (50 x 10(6)/mL) and motility (40%) below which a very poor post-thaw recovery was obtained. The frozen-thawed-washed specimens had significantly higher velocity than the frozen-thawed samples, both in patients and donors. The results suggest that some patients with teratoasthenozoospermia yield acceptable sperm parameters after freezing-thawing-washing, and therefore these ejaculates could be used individually (or pooled) in artificial insemination.
The eyes for sight and mind

Abstract This is a study of metonymic and metaphoric expressions containing body-part terms for the eye(s) in Chinese. It also discusses similar expressions in English in order to provide a cross-linguistic perspective. It is found that Chinese and English share the conceptual metonymy perceptual organ stands for perception and the conceptual metaphors seeing is touching and thinking, knowing, or understanding is seeing . a t the level of linguistic instantiation, however, there are both similarities and differences between the two languages. These similarities and differences take three major forms: (1) similar expressions with similar meanings, (2) similar expressions with different meanings, and (3) different expressions with similar meanings. It is shown that, despite the fact that imagination is involved in these metonymic and metaphoric expressions, they seem to have experiential roots in common bodily experiences as they arise from the interaction between culture and body.
Short-term pharmacologically induced growth study of ontogenetic allometry of oxygen uptake in children.

Background: A range of allometric coefficients have been proposed in describing the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max): body mass relation in children using weight-bearing ergometry. However, a wide deviation in the allometric coefficients for VO2max may be apparent when selected pediatric cohorts are studied in conjunction with clinical intervention for growth abnormalities.Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the allometric coefficients for VO2max after short-term pharmacologically induced growth in pre- and early pubescent children.Subjects and methods: The treatment group consisted of nine subjects with non-growth hormone (GH)-deficient short stature and one with GH-deficient short stature (mean age: 13.7 ± 1.7 years). Ten pre- and early pubescent children matched for age, height, weight, VO2max and body mass index (BMI) were controls. The treatment group were evaluated before (Pre-GH) and after (Post-GH) 4 months of subcutaneous GH therapy (0.05 mg kg−1day−1 × 6 days week−1).Results: The mean ...
Efficacy of Darbepoetin Alfa in the Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Anemia in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.

Abstract Background Patients receiving chemotherapy often experience chemotherapy-induced anemia, which contributes to a significant reduction in their quality of life. This exploratory analysis assessed the efficacy, dosing, and safety of darbepoetin alfa administered every 2 weeks to a subset of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chemotherapy-induced anemia who were enrolled in 2 large, multicenter, open-label, community-based studies: the Successful Outcomes in Anemia Research (SOAR) trial and the Study to Understand and Reduce Patients' Anemia Symptom Severity (SURPASS). Patients and Methods Eligible patients were receiving multicycle chemotherapy and were anemic, with hemoglobin levels ≤ 11 g/dL. Patients received darbepoetin alfa 3 μg/kg every 2 weeks (SOAR; n = 114) or 200 μg every 2 weeks (SURPASS; n = 165). Hemoglobin levels were measured every 2 weeks, and quality of life assessments were recorded at baseline and the end of the study using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Fatigue (FACT-F) scale. This analysis includes patients who received ≥ 1 dose of darbepoetin alfa. Results By week 17, 77% of patients in SOAR (95% confidence interval, 68%–84%) and 82% of patients in SURPASS (95% confidence interval, 76%–88%) exhibited the target hemoglobin range (11–13 g/dL). Both every-2-week dosing regimens reduced the percentage of patients who required ≥ 1 red blood cell transfusion by 2.5-fold during each study. Increases in hemoglobin levels were associated with improvements in FACT-F, with similar mean changes in FACT-F scores in both studies: 6.2 points for SOAR and 6.1 points for SURPASS. Conclusion Darbepoetin alfa administered every 2 weeks in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and chemotherapy-induced anemia appeared equally effective and well tolerated when given as a weight-based or a fixed dose.
Physiological Status and Biochemical Composition of a Natural Population of Unionid Mussels (Amblema plicata) Infested by Zebra Mussels (Dreissena polymorpha)

Abstract We compared the physiological status and biochemical composition of unionid mussels (Amblema plicata) from a riverine population with and without attached zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). Unionid specimens were collected from Lake Pepin, Mississippi River, WI and MN, where both infested and noninfested unionids were experiencing local increases in water clarity. Infested specimens had higher ammonia excretion rates, lower respiration to nitrogen excretion ratios and lower clearance rates than noninfested specimens. Infested specimens also had lower carbohydrate and protein contents. Zebra mussel infested unionids had depleted energy stores and we hypothesize that they were starving, relative to noninfested individuals from the same location. This comparison helps to clarify the nature of zebra mussel impacts on unionids by showing that direct attachment is a very important component of the effect of zebra mussel populations on unionids.
ZigZag: automatically hardening web applications against client-side validation vulnerabilities

Modern web applications are increasingly moving program code to the client in the form of JavaScript. With the growing adoption of HTML5 APIs such as postMessage, client-side validation (CSV) vulnerabilities are consequently becoming increasingly important to address as well. However, while detecting and preventing attacks against web applications is a well-studied topic on the server, considerably less work has been performed for the client. Exacerbating this issue is the problem that defenses against CSVs must, in the general case, fundamentally exist in the browser, rendering current server-side defenses inadequate. In this paper, we present ZigZag, a system for hardening JavaScript-based web applications against clientside validation attacks. ZigZag transparently instruments client-side code to perform dynamic invariant detection on security-sensitive code, generating models that describe how - and with whom - client-side components interact. ZigZag is capable of handling templated JavaScript, avoiding full re-instrumentation when JavaScript programs are structurally similar. Learned invariants are then enforced through a subsequent instrumentation step. Our evaluation demonstrates that ZigZag is capable of automatically hardening client-side code against both known and previously-unknown vulnerabilities. Finally, we show that ZigZag introduces acceptable overhead in many cases, and is compatible with popular websites drawn from the Alexa Top 20 without developer or user intervention.
4-P : COMPLEMENT FIXING DONOR-SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES IDENTIFIED BY THE C1q ASSAY IN COMBINED LIVER-KIDNEY TRANSPLANTS WITH AMR

Aim In combined liver kidney (CLK) transplants (Txp), the kidney is not always protected from rejection when pre-Txp donor specific antibodies (DSA) are present. We applied a C1q solid-phase assay to examine complement-fixing DSA in CLK Txps who developed accelerated antibody mediated rejection (AMR). Methods Four CLK Txps who had high PRA and high levels of DSA pre-Txp were evaluated. Pre- and post-Txp sera were analyzed for DSAs using commercially available single-antigen bead assay kits. The MFI cut off values of IgG DSA and C1q+ DSA are >1,000 and >300 respectively. Two of these 4 recipients (case 1 and 2) experienced biopsy-proven AMR during the first 2 weeks post-txp. Results All 4 cases had a persistent Post-Txp IgG DSA (Table). The 2 subjects who developed AMR had very high pre-Txp C1q+ DSA levels (MFI range for single specificity: 10,800-17,500). In contrast, case #3 who had relatively lower pre-Txp C1q DSA (MFI= 4,400) did not experience AMR.[ Table 1 ] Conclusions With the limitation of small number of cases, the presence of high levels of pre-Txp C1q+ DSA appears to be associated with an increased risk of AMR of the kidney. Future studies should evaluate the risk of AMR and long-term outcomes associated with the presence of C1q+ DSA during the pre- and post-Txp periods in CLK Txps.
Aquatic High Intensity Interval Training for Cardiometabolic Health: Benefits and Training Design

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as an attractive alternative to traditional continuous exercise training (CT) programs for clinical and healthy populations who find that they can achieve equal or greater fitness benefits in less time. Land-based HIIT may not be an appropriate choice for some participants. Few studies have explored the acute responses and chronic adaptations of HIIT in an aquatic environment, and no study has compared the cardiometabolic responses of an aquatic-based program to a land-based HIIT program. Shallow-water aquatic exercise (AE) programs utilizing HIIT have elicited comparable and, in some cases, greater physiological responses compared with constant-intensity or continuous AE regimens. Factors that may explain why HIIT routines evoke greater cardiometabolic responses than CT protocols may be based on the types of exercises and how they are cued to effectively manipulate hydrodynamic properties for greater intensities. Favorable aquatic HIIT protocols such as the S.W.E.A.T. system may serve as a beneficial alternative to land-based HIIT programs for clinical, and athletic populations, potentially reducing the likelihood of associated musculoskeletal and orthopedic complications. Hence, the purpose of this review is to examine the role of AE as an alternative safe and effective HIIT modality.