cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diffusion mechanisms of dimers adsorbed on periodic substrates.

We have utilized static minimum-potential-energy calculations to determine microscopic diffusion mechanisms of the simplest molecular adsorbate, namely a dimer, on a periodic substrate. We consider a rigid homonuclear dimer physically adsorbed on a SC(100) crystal surface by means of a Lennard-Jones potential. We show that, by varying the dimer length relative to the lattice constant, a wide range of rich and varied diffusion behavior can be achieved. The model has experimental analogs and implications, which will be discussed.
Effect of different herbage preservation methods on the tannin levels monitored in Eulalia villosa Thunb. (Nees)

Abstract Tannin concentrations in freeze‐, oven‐ and room‐temperature‐dried samples of leaves of Eulalia villosa Thunb. (Nees), as well as undried material stored at ‐70°C, were determined in order to compare the effect of different preservation methods on the tannin levels measured. The highest concentrations of tannin were monitored in leaves which had been freeze‐dried and dried at room temperature. Air‐drying plant material at lower temperatures may be a suitable option for field studies where laboratory facilities are limited. However, air‐drying may result in increased polymerization with the production of polymers too large to precipitate proteins, while oven‐drying leads to severe inactivation of tannin bringing about a decrease in condensed tannin levels.
Synthesis of a Red Fluorescent Dye-Conjugated Ag@SiO2 Nanocomposite for Cell Immunofluorescence

In this work we describe a one-step approach for incorporating a red fluorophore (2SBPO) into core-shell nanoparticles for metal-enhanced fluorescence immunolabels. The 2SBPO-MEF nanoparticles are particularly attractive as cell labels because their ∼ 670 nm emission has minimal overlap with cell autofluorescence and from overlap with many conventional probes. 2SBPO was incorporated through physical entrapment during the Stober process. Antibody-based cell labels were then synthesized using covalent linkage. The nanoparticle fluorescence was 7.5-fold higher than control nanoparticles lacking a metal core. We demonstrated labeling of CD4 + HuT 78 T lymphocytes using anti-CD4-conjugated nanoparticle labels. Cells labeled with anti-CD4 nanoparticles showed a 35-fold fluorescence signal compared to anti-CD4 coreless controls. This simple synthesis protocol can be applied to a variety of hydrophilic fluorophore types and has broad potential in bioanalytical and biosensing applications.
Identification of novel F-box proteins in Xenopus laevis

We thank Wade Harper and Michelle Pagano for sharing unpublished results. This work was supported by funding from the NIGMS (GM54811), a junior investigator award from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (P.K.J.), a grant from the Stanford Cancer Council, and the MSTP training grant (GM07365) from NIGMS (J.D.R-R.).
VAB–4 combination chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic testis tumors

Forty-two patients with advanced testis carcinoma without previous chemotherapy were treated with VAB-4, and 41 were evaluable. The program consisted of three in-hospital inductions 16 weeks apart, and outpatient treatments every three weeks. Of the patients, 80% achieved complete remissions (CR). Chemotherapy alone induced CR in 61%, partial remissions (PR), in 24% and minor response (MR), in 15%. An additional 20% of patients (six PRs and 2 MRs) achieved CR following resection of residual tumor deposits. With a median follow-up of 27 months, the median duration of CR has not been reached. Of those achieving CR to chemotherapy alone, 12% had relapses. Bulk and extent of metastatic disease, histology of primary tumor, and tumor markers at the beginning of therapy influenced the frequency of CR. Of those with minimal disease, 90% achieved CR. The CR rate was 67% for those with advanced thoracic disease and 29% for those with advanced abdominal disease. Patients who had embryonal carcinoma and those who had no elevation of alpha-fetoprotein had a higher frequency of CRs. Myelosuppression with a leukocyte count drop < 1000/mm3 occurred in three patients, and no patient had chronic renal failure or pulmonary fibrosis. One patient died from sepsis while in complete remission. Cancer 47:833–839, 1981.
Comment on "Independent origins of middle ear bones in monotremes and therians" (I).

T he middle ear ossicles of all extant, adult members of crown-group Mammalia ([ 1 ][1]) are homologous with a series of bones in the lower jaw of nonmammalian amniotes ([ 2 ][2], [ 3 ][3]). Rich et al . ([ 4 ][4]) recently proposed that the structurally complex mammalian ear evolved independently
The kinematic viscosity of biodiesel and its blends with diesel fuel

As the use of biodiesel becomes more wide-spread, engine manufacturers have expressed concern about biodiesel’s higher viscosity. In particular, they are concerned that biodiesel may exhibit different viscosity-temperature characteristics that could result in higher fuel injection pressures at low engine operating temperatures. This study presents data for the kinematic viscosity of biodiesel and its blends with No. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuels at 75, 50, and 20% biodiesel, from close to their melting point to 100°C. The results indicate that while their viscosity is higher, biodiesel and its blends demonstrate temperature-dependent behavior similar to that of No. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuels. Equations of the same general form are shown to correlate viscosity data for both biodiesel and diesel fuel, and for their blends. A blending equation is presented that allows the kinematic viscosity to be calculated as a function of the biodiesel fraction.
A Proposed Revision of the ACOEM Code of Ethics

The 1993 revision of the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (ACOEM) Code of Ethics Conduct is insufficiently demanding of physicians in important areas, such as conflicts of interest, reporting unethical or incompentent colleagues, and confidentiality of medical information. The International Commision on Occupational Health's International Code of Ethics, drafted for all occupational health professionals worldwide, does not apply well to American legal and economic relationships. The best way to revise the 1993 ACOEM Code is to incorporate key provisions of the American Occupational Medical Association's 1976 Code. A proposed revised ACOEM Code is presented combining elements of the 1993 ACOEM and 1976 AOMA Codes. The resulting code is a clearer description of individual standards of conduct and group ideals.
Nonrelativistic distorted wave born approximation predictions for 500 MeV (p, p') spin-rotation observables

Nonrelativistic distorted wave Born approximation spin-rotation [Dij] predictions for 500 MeV 40Ca, 208Pb(p, p') to the first 3− states are compared with data. Calculations based on the impulse approximation are unsuccessful, whereas a phenomenological effective interaction which accounts for elastic channel spin observables leads to excellent descriptions of the inelastic data. Distortion effects are examined and found to be fairly important.
Predicting Geo-informative Attributes in Large-Scale Image Collections Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Geographic location is a powerful property for organizing large-scale photo collections, but only a small fraction of online photos are geo-tagged. Most work in automatically estimating geo-tags from image content is based on comparison against models of buildings or landmarks, or on matching to large reference collections of geotagged images. These approaches work well for frequently photographed places like major cities and tourist destinations, but fail for photos taken in sparsely photographed places where few reference photos exist. Here we consider how to recognize general geo-informative attributes of a photo, e.g. the elevation gradient, population density, demographics, etc. of where it was taken, instead of trying to estimate a precise geo-tag. We learn models for these attributes using a large (noisy) set of geo-tagged images from Flickr by training deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We evaluate on over a dozen attributes, showing that while automatically recognizing some attributes is very difficult, others can be automatically estimated with about the same accuracy as a human.
Developing Reagents To Orient Fullerene Derivatives. Formation and Structural Characterization of (η2-C60O)Ir(CO)Cl(As(C6H5)3)2

In order to obtain crystals of fullerene oxides that are suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction, the reactions between C60O and Vaska type iridium complexes have been examined. While reaction with Ir(CO)Cl(P(C6H5)3)2 (and with triphenylphosphine but not triphenylarsine) results in partial deoxygenation of the fullerene epoxide, reaction with Ir(CO)Cl(As(C6H5)3)2produces crystalline (η2-C60O)Ir(CO)Cl(AsPh3)2·4.82C6H6·0.18CHCl3. Black triangular prisms of (η2-C60O)Ir(CO)Cl(AsPh3)2·4.82C6H6·0.18CHCl3 form in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 14.662(2) A, b = 19.836(2) A, c = 28.462(5) A, and β = 100.318(12)° at 123 (2) K with Z = 4. Refinement (on F2) of 10 472 reflections and 1095 parameters with 10 restraints yielded wR2 = 0.152 and a conventional R = 0.066 (for 7218 reflections with I > 2.0σ(I)). The structure shows that the iridium complex is bound to a 6:6 ring junction of the fullerene with four partially occupied sites for the epoxide oxygen atom. Thus, while deoxygenation of the fuller...
Syngnathia and obstructive apnea in a case of popliteal pterygium syndrome.

We describe an infant with popliteal pterygia, syngnathia, cleft lip and palate, and retrognathia diagnosed with popliteal pterygium syndrome (PPS). The neonatal course was complicated by severe obstructive apnea necessitating tracheostomy.
A repressão nos Estados Unidos após o atentado de 11 de setembro

O presente trabalho avalia a forma pela qual o governo dos Estados Unidos se aproveitou da situacao apos o 11 de setembro de 2001 para aumentar o controle sobre as atividades das pessoas, em âmbito local e nacional, para levar aos tribunais pessoas que anteriormente eram deixadas em liberdade, para empreender detencoes de estrangeiros e cidadaos americanos, e para deter pessoas suspeitas de terrorismo de forma indefinida, sem julgamento ou mesmo assistencia de advogados.
Particle Size Distribution of Automobile Paint Sprays

Abstract Automobile paint spray operations produce a considerable amount of aerosol to which workers may be exposed. Different types of samplers may be used to distinguish the total amount of airborne solvent in droplets from that in vapor. For evaluation of total inhalation exposure from evaporating droplets the measurement of droplet size is also important. We found that the aerosols generated by base coat operations are generally large [geometric mean aerodynamic diameters (GMAD) range from 20 to 40 μm] and polydisperse [geometric standard deviations (GSD) range from 2 to 3]. Aerosols generated in clear coat operations are much larger and more polydisperse, with a GMAD greater than 50 μm and a GSD greater than 3. Measurements of aerosol size distribution demonstrated that inhalable particles are present near both workers and test stands. Thus, particles may contribute to overall solvent exposure. These results substantiate the need for periodic aerosol size distribution measurements and the use of pref...
Can satellites face trends? The case of Web 2.0

Satellite communication is one of the key technologies for the future Internet development, which nowadays is experiencing a new trend in its usage, especially in the field of Web. However the joint utilization of satellites and “trendy” solutions, e.g., Web 2.0 and Software as a Service (SaaS), poses some issues. In this perspective, the contribution of this work is twofold: i) to analyze and introduce new usage patterns imposed by the Web 2.0 phenomena and ii) to study the impact of satellite links in such environments. In addition, an analysis of the main behaviors (both of web browsers and traffic) in the scenario where satellites and Web 2.0 applications are mixed is also provided.
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor sans Xenobiotics: Endogenous Function in Genetic Model Systems

For more than 30 years, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor [Ah receptor (AHR)] has been extensively scrutinized as the cellular receptor for numerous environmental contaminants, including polychlorinated dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls. Recent evidence argues that this description is incomplete and perhaps myopic. Ah receptor orthologs have been demonstrated to mediate diverse endogenous functions in our close vertebrate relatives as well as our distant invertebrate ancestors. Moreover, these endogenous functions suggest that xenobiotic toxicity may be best understood in the context of intrinsic AHR physiology. In this literature review, we survey the emerging picture of endogenous AHR biology from work in the vertebrate and invertebrate model systems Mus musculus, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila melanogaster.
Sensing and Signal Processing for a Distributed Pavement Monitoring System

Estimation of road profile parameters and detection of road pavement failures using in-vehicle sensors such as vertical accelerometers or position sensors is of immense value in a futuristic distributed highway monitoring system. In this paper, a novel road elevation profile model, well suited for analysis using statistical signal processing tools, is developed to characterize road features. We then apply Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) estimation techniques to estimate model parameters using in-vehicle vertical acceleration and displacement measurements. In addition, we show that the estimates of the road model parameters can be used to detect sudden disturbances in the road or pavement failures.
Genome evolution by matrix algorithms: cellular automata approach to population genetics.

Mammalian genomes are replete with millions of polymorphic sites, among which those genetic variants that are colocated on the same chromosome and exist close to one another form blocks of closely linked mutations known as haplotypes. The linkage within haplotypes is constantly disrupted due to meiotic recombination events. Whole ensembles of such numerous haplotypes are subjected to evolutionary pressure, where mutations influence each other and should be considered as a whole entity—a gigantic matrix, unique for each individual genome. This idea was implemented into a computational approach, named Genome Evolution by Matrix Algorithms (GEMA) to model genomic changes taking into account all mutations in a population. GEMA has been tested for modeling of entire human chromosomes. The program can precisely mimic real biological processes that have influence on genome evolution such as: 1) Authentic arrangements of genes and functional genomic elements, 2) frequencies of various types of mutations in different nucleotide contexts, and 3) nonrandom distribution of meiotic recombination events along chromosomes. Computer modeling with GEMA has demonstrated that the number of meiotic recombination events per gamete is among the most crucial factors influencing population fitness. In humans, these recombinations create a gamete genome consisting on an average of 48 pieces of corresponding parental chromosomes. Such highly mosaic gamete structure allows preserving fitness of population under the intense influx of novel mutations (40 per individual) even when the number of mutations with deleterious effects is up to ten times more abundant than those with beneficial effects.
Chronic Constriction of the External and Internal Carotid Arteries in Dogs: Its Effect on the Blood Pressure

Narrowing of the internal and external carotid arteries by a clamp does not lead to hypertension if the carotid sinus nerves remain intact. Subsequent disruption of the carotid sinus nerves results in hypertension. It is concluded that the cause of the chronic hypertension in dogs with constriction of the carotid sinus is not due to altered cerebral hemodynamics, but rather to disruption of the carotid sinus nerves.
Virtual and Remote Laboratory Development: A Review

The Internet technology has provided additional teaching strategies, with online education being one of the most exciting enhancements. A particular challenge for online education in engineering is how to extend the traditional hands-on laboratories to the Internet. Currently, there are two approaches to conducting labs online, virtual and remote labs. Virtual lab is based on software to simulate the lab environment while remote lab, by definition, is an experiment which is conducted and controlled remotely through the Internet. These experiments use real components or instrumentation at a different location from where they are being controlled or conducted. There are many emerging technologies which have been used to develop the virtual and remote laboratory. However, there are few papers that review the virtual and remote laboratory development. In this paper, a review of the different online delivery methods for virtual and remote laboratory development is presented. The open research issues and conclusion with possible future directions on the virtual and remote engineering laboratory development is also presented.
Some statistical problems associated with signal processing

The object of this communication is to report on some recent results on statistical analysis and inference on signals in one and two dimensional superimposed exponential signal models, and to mention some outstanding problems in this area. >
Enumeration of the Simian Virus 40 Early Region Elements Necessary for Human Cell Transformation

While it is clear that cancer arises from the accumulation of genetic mutations that endow the malignant cell with the properties of uncontrolled growth and proliferation, the precise combinations of mutations that program human tumor cell growth remain unknown. The study of the transforming proteins derived from DNA tumor viruses in experimental models of transformation has provided fundamental insights into the process of cell transformation. We recently reported that coexpression of the simian virus 40 (SV40) early region (ER), the gene encoding the telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT), and an oncogenic allele of the H-ras gene in normal human fibroblast, kidney epithelial, and mammary epithelial cells converted these cells to a tumorigenic state. Here we show that the SV40 ER contributes to tumorigenic transformation in the presence of hTERT and oncogenic H-ras by perturbing three intracellular pathways through the actions of the SV40 large T antigen (LT) and the SV40 small t antigen (ST). LT simultaneously disables the retinoblastoma (pRB) and p53 tumor suppressor pathways; however, complete transformation of human cells requires the additional perturbation of protein phosphatase 2A by ST. Expression of ST in this setting stimulates cell proliferation, permits anchorage-independent growth, and confers increased resistance to nutrient deprivation. Taken together, these observations define the elements of the SV40 ER required for the transformation of human cells and begin to delineate a set of intracellular pathways whose disruption, in aggregate, appears to be necessary to generate tumorigenic human cells.
An efficient algorithm for image-template product on SIMD mesh connected computers

Convolutions and correlations are fundamental operations in computer vision and image processing. The image-template product expresses convolutions and correlations. In this paper, the authors present an efficient algorithm for the image-template product on SIMD mesh connected computers. The image-template product is computed along disjoint convolution paths of the template. For an M /spl times/ N image and a template of T elements, the simple algorithm for the image-template product on an M /spl times/ N mesh connected computer takes O(T) time and requires O(1) local memory per processing element. Compared with the previously proposed algorithms, the algorithm works for both invariant and variant templates without any restrictions on the template shapes. Furthermore, it does not broadcast template weights and does not have partial result movement. >
Sintering of CdO Under Low Applied Stress

A loading dilatometer of novel design was used to study the sintering behavior of CdO powder compacts subjected to stresses between 0 and 0.25 MPa at 973 to 1123 K. Densification and creep occur simultaneously. Although both the volumetric densifcation rate and the uniaxial creep rate show an approximately inverse relation with time, the creep rate increases with stress, whereas the densification rate is independent of stress.
Scale-Dependent Mechanisms of Habitat Selection for a Migratory Passerine: An Experimental Approach

ABSTRACT. Habitat selection theory predicts that individuals choose breeding habitats that maximize fitness returns on the basis of indirect environmental cues at multiple spatial scales. We performed a 3-year field experiment to evaluate five alternative hypotheses regarding whether individuals choose breeding territories in heterogeneous landscapes on the basis of (1) shrub cover within a site, (2) forest land-cover pattern surrounding a site, (3) conspecific song cues during prebreeding settlement periods, (4) a combination of these factors, and (5) interactions among these factors. We tested hypotheses with playbacks of conspecific song across a gradient of landscape pattern and shrub density and evaluated changes in territory occupancy patterns in a forest-nesting passerine, the Black-throated Blue Warbler (Dendroica caerulescens). Our results support the hypothesis that vegetation structure plays a primary role during presettlement periods in determining occupancy patterns in this species. Further, ...
Optimum data utilization for parameter identification with application to lifting rotors

The work is concerned with determining the minimum quantity of data needed for achieving best possible accuracy of identified parameters in transient testing of a lifting rotor blade. Specifically, the problem is that of determining from blade flapping transients caused by blade pitch inputs the equivalent Lock number and the equivalent collective pitch setting. For a given time-dependent blade pitch input function, the running time for the test less than which insufficient parameter accuracy is obtained and more than which little accuracy improvement is achieved was calculated with the aid of the Cramer-Rao lower bound for the parameter covariance matrix.
Confronting Educational Politics with Preservice Teachers: Reactions to Waiting for Superman

Within the literature on teacher education in the United States, relatively little research has been conducted on how preservice teachers conceptualize popular depictions of the profession or issues related to the “extended professionality” of teaching. In this study, the authors explore the reactions of elementary, middle, and secondary preservice teachers to Waiting for Superman, a controversial 2010 documentary about the American public education system, as an example of focused and deliberate engagement with aspects of teacher professionalism. Using surveys and focus group discussions, the authors sought to determine the effectiveness of Waiting for Superman in fostering student interest and engagement with issues related to the extended professionality of teaching. The findings from this study illuminate a need for broaching issues of extended professionality within teacher education programs as well as offer implications for the use of documentary films as a catalyst for discussions of issues relate...
Human body scents: conscious perceptions and biological effects.

Compounds collected from the torso and axillary area of sleeping men can be distinguished based on the number of MHC alleles matching between the man and the woman choosing the scent she prefers. Compounds from breastfeeding women and their infants increase the sexual motivation of other women and change the timing of ovulation. Here we show that these human compounds, collected on cotton, frozen and thawed, were perceived as mild scents and rarely identified as coming from another human (9% of male compounds, 12% of female compounds). It was their pleasantness, rather than their familiarity, that was associated with MHC allele matches between the donor and the smeller. In contrast, neither liking nor disliking the mild scent of breastfeeding compounds, nor their detection or reported strength was associated with modulation of sexual motivation or ovulation.
The storm and poststorm evolution of energetic /35-560 keV/ radiation belt electron distributions

Detailed Explorer 45 equatorial observations of the storm and poststorm structure of radiation-belt electrons (35 to 560 keV) for L values between 1.7 and 5.2 are presented. Injection during major storms results in electron pitch-angle distributions and radial profiles that are greatly distorted from their quiet-time equilibrium structure. Following storms, the pitch-angle distributions return to their prestorm shape over a period of several days. This shape is maintained as electron fluxes decay back to the quiet-time levels. The equatorial radial profiles slowly return to their prestorm equilibrium structure over a period of a few weeks and then maintain that structure.
On the Use of Hash Tables for Efficient Analog Circuit Synthesis

Achieving accurate and speedy circuit sizing is a challenge in automated analog synthesis. System matrix model based estimators predict circuit performance accurately. In this paper we employ hashing in conjunction with matrix models for faster synthesis convergence. With hash tables some matrix element recomputations are avoided, thus improving synthesis time. Hashing is effectively performed by dividing matrix elements into classes and building class-wise hash tables. Hash tables are updated over several synthesis runs which further expedites convergence. Experimental results show that the proposed method can provide 4x-6x speedup over that offered by synthesis approaches employing macromodels but no hashing.
Name and Address Block Reader system for tax form processing

The reading of names and addresses is one of the most complex tasks in automated forms processing. The paper describes an integrated real time system to read names and addresses on tax forms of the Internal Revenue Service of the United States. The Name and Address Block Reader (NABR) system accepts both machine printed and hand printed address block images as input. The application software has two major steps: document analysis (connected component analysis, address block extraction, label detection, hand print/machine print discrimination); and document recognition. Document recognition has two non identical streams for machine print and hand print; key steps are: address parsing, character recognition, word recognition and postal database lookup (ZIP+4 and City-State-ZIP files). Real time throughput (8,500 forms per hour) is achieved by employing a loosely coupled multiprocessing architecture. The functional architecture, software design, system architecture and hardware implementation are described. Performance evaluation on machine printed and handwritten addresses are presented.
Old World and Clade C New World Arenaviruses Mimic the Molecular Mechanism of Receptor Recognition Used by α-Dystroglycan's Host-Derived Ligands

α-Dystroglycan (DG) is an important cellular receptor for extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and also serves as the receptor for Old World arenaviruses Lassa fever virus (LFV) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and clade C New World arenaviruses. In the host cell, α-DG is subject to a remarkably complex pattern of O glycosylation that is crucial for its interactions with ECM proteins. Two of these unusual sugar modifications, protein O mannosylation and glycan modifications involving the putative glycosyltransferase LARGE, have recently been implicated in arenavirus binding. Considering the complexity of α-DG O glycosylation, our present study was aimed at the identification of the specific O-linked glycans on α-DG that are recognized by arenaviruses. As previously shown for LCMV, we found that protein O mannosylation of α-DG is crucial for the binding of arenaviruses of distinct phylogenetic origins, including LFV, Mobala virus, and clade C New World arenaviruses. In contrast to the highly conserved requirement for O mannosylation, more generic O glycans present on α-DG are dispensable for arenavirus binding. Despite the critical role of O-mannosyl glycans for arenavirus binding under normal conditions, the overexpression of LARGE in cells deficient in O mannosylation resulted in highly glycosylated α-DG that was functional as a receptor for arenaviruses. Thus, modifications by LARGE but not O-mannosyl glycans themselves are most likely the crucial structures recognized by arenaviruses. Together, the data demonstrate that arenaviruses recognize the same highly conserved O-glycan structures on α-DG involved in ECM protein binding, indicating a strikingly similar mechanism of receptor recognition by pathogen- and host-derived ligands.
The Relationship Between Acid Detergent Insoluble Nitrogen and Nitrogen Digestibility in Lactating Dairy Cattle

Abstract Five trials (19 treatments) conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) on lactating dairy cattle were analyzed to determine how the concentration of ADIN in the ration affects total tract N digestibility. Additionally, 6 published studies (13 treatments) were included to expand the data set. Results from the UNL trials showed that as the concentration of ADIN in the ration increased, the digestibility of ADIN also increased. However, the relationship was poor (r 2 = 0.29). To account for random effects among trials, a meta-analysis was conducted. In the UNL trials, as the ration concentration of ADIN increased, total tract N digestibility decreased; this relationship was moderate (r 2 = 0.55). A meta-analysis of the published studies illustrated similar results with a moderate correlation (r 2 = 0.44). All data were combined for a meta-analysis, and similar results illustrated a moderate relationship (r 2 = 0.58). There was positive relationship between ADF and the concentration of ADIN in the UNL trials; however, the relationship was poor (r 2 = 0.19). Additionally, a poor, negative relationship (r 2 = 0.14) was observed between ADF and N digestibility in the UNL trials. Milk yield (31.9 ± 3.1 kg/d) in the UNL trials was unaffected (r 2 = 0.01) by the concentration of ADIN in the ration. These data suggest ADIN is partially digestible, N digestibility is moderately influenced by ADIN concentration in rations, there is a poor relationship between ADF and the concentration of ADIN, and milk yield is unaffected by the concentration of ADIN.
Surgical learning curves and operative efficiency: a cross-specialty observational study.

Objectives To evaluate the learning curves of three high-volume procedures, from distinct surgical specialties. Setting Tertiary care academic hospital. Participants A prospectively collected database comprising all medical records of patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), total knee replacement (TKR) and bilateral reduction mammoplasty (BRM) at the Brigham and Women9s Hospital, USA, 1996–2010. Multivariate generalised estimating equation (GEE) regression models were used to adjust for patient risk and clustering of procedures by surgeon. Primary outcome measure Operative efficiency. Results A total of 1052 BRMs, 3254 CABGs and 3325 TKRs performed by 30 surgeons were analysed. Median number of procedures per surgeon was 61 (range 11–502), 290 (52–973) and 99 (10–1871) for BRM, CABG and TKR, respectively. Mean operative times were 134.4 (SD 34.5), 180.9 (62.3) and 101.9 (30.3) minutes, respectively. For each procedure, attending surgeon experience was associated with significant reductions in operative time (p Conclusions Common trends in surgical learning exist. Dependent on the procedure, experience can serve as a powerful driver of improvement or have clinically insignificant impacts on operative time.
Rock typing in tight gas sands: a case study in Lance and Mesaverde formations from Jonah field

The Jonah field is one of the biggest tight gas sand fields in the Green River basin. Production profiles from its deeper sections show high liquid hydrocarbons close to the Pinedale anticline, especially in Mesaverde and Lance formations. To assess the potential of condensate production, new approaches for rock classi_cation are needed that will allow us to differentiate between discontinuous sandstone layers and the interbedded siltstones. Currently, the only cut off used is for gamma ray: rocks below 75 API are designated as sandstones. Although, significant porosity and permeability variations occur within the sandstone zones, the only criterium used to differentiate between reservoir and non-reservoir rocks is porosity: sandstones with porosity > 6% are considered reservoir quality rocks. Porosity is considered main controlling factor on permeability. A 6% porosity cut off in sandstones was used in net-pay calculations. However, hydraulic rock typing demonstrates permeability is dependent on main pore throat radius, rather than porosity. This study presents rock typing for tight sandstones and siltstones with an understanding of petrophysical properties such as pore structure, porosity, permeability, and cementation. I studied 14 samples from the Mesaverde and Lance Formations with lithologies varying from clean sandstone to mudstone. X-ray diffraction (XRD) mineralogy and mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) were measured for all samples. NMR transverse relaxation times (T2) at 2 MHz were also measured for 10 water saturated samples. Nitrogen adsorption tests were performed on 8 samples. Ultrasonic velocities from 10 samples were measured at different confining pressure conditions. Thin section petrography was used to analyze the cementation and pseudomatrix clay effects on pore and pore throat size. MICP data are used to subdivide rocks into three groups based on pore throat size distribution: reservoir sandstones, non-reservoir sandstone and siltstone/mudstone. Dominant pore throat size for reservoir and non-reservoir sandstones are 400 and 100 nm, respectively. In order to apply pore throat size rock typing to downhole measurements, NMR pore size classification is used to identify formations. Pore size from NMR demonstrated equivalent behavior to pore throat size from MICP. The logarithmic mean values of T2 transverse relaxation times for reservoir, non-reservoir sandstone and siltstone/mudstone are 22.2 ms, 3.4 ms and 0.29 ms, respectively. Clear separation of reservoir sandstone, non-reservoir sandstone and siltstone is seen based on compressibility behavior from compressional velocity during initial pressure loading. Reservoir sandstone demonstrates the highest compressibility. In addition, siltstone and mudstone were separated based on log differential pore volume distribution from N2 adsorption data. Based on pore size distribution data, four main rock types are identified in Lance and Mesaverde formations in Jonah field. Rock typing based on gamma ray and porosity logs can be considered as rock…
Environmental factors in the physiology of abscission

This paper reviews the physiological effects of the principal environmental factors which can influence the process of leaf abscission. The factors include temperature, light, water, gases, mineral elements, soil conditions, and parasitic organisms. These factors influence a variety of internal physiological conditions and processes which in turn may either accelerate or retard the process of abscission. The most important internal factors include A) sugar, pectin, cellulose, and other carbohydrates; B) energy-yielding respiration; C) enzymic reactions; D) amino acids, purines, and other nitrogenous substances; E) levels of plant hormones; and F) the molecular biological pathway. The current information is consistent with the hypothesis that the environmental factors act in leaf abscission via direct or indirect influences on the synthesis or reaction rate of enzymes.
189 Regulation of the Mitochondrial Proteins Mitofilin and Porin in Explanted Failing Human Hearts

Purpose: The concept that the failing heart is energy starved is supported by observations of abnormal energy production by the mitochondria respiratory chain. We previously showed that the physiologic processes of mitochondria biogenesis, fission and fusion are abnormal in the failing human heart and give rise to mitochondria hyperplasia, reduced organelle size and poor respiration. This study examined the regulation of two key mitochondrial proteins; porin (PO), the outer membrane protein that forms the aqueous channel for metabolite flux between mitochondria and cytosol, and mitofilin (MF), a critical organizer of mitochondria cristae morphology and thus indispensible for normal mitochondrial function. Methods and Materials: Studies were performed in LV tissue homogenate obtained from 6 normal (NL) donor human hearts, 6 explanted failing human hearts with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and 6 explanted failing human hearts with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). Protein expression of PO, MF and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a housekeeping protein, was measured with specific antibodies and Western blotting and bands quantified in densitometric units (du). Results: Compared to NL donor hearts, MF was significantly reduced in ICM and DCM hearts while expression of PO and GAPDH were unchanged (Table).
FRI0179 Comparative Effectiveness of Biologic Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug Therapy in US Veterans with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background Comparison of effectiveness of biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in clinical practice may provide important insight into their clinical benefit in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A recent validated algorithm is available to evaluate clinical effectiveness in US veterans. 1 Objectives To compare the effectiveness of abatacept (ABA), adalimumab (ADA), etanercept (ETN), infliximab (INF), and rituximab (RIT) in US veterans with RA and assess the reasons for failure. Methods National Veterans Affairs (VA) pharmacy and administrative databases were evaluated on all US veterans initiating biologics from Jan 1, 2008 to Jan 1, 2012 and followed until Jan 1, 2013 to allow ≥1-year of follow-up per patient. The analysis was limited to the first treatment course beginning ≥180 days after VA enrollment, consistent with a new biologic initiation and agents with ≥100 dispensing episodes. The validated effectiveness algorithm is based on administrative claims data. Medications were classified as effective if all of the following criteria were met: high adherence, Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) >80% for self-injected biologic or receiving at least 80% of the minimum recommended number of infusions, no biologic dose increase, no switching biologics, no new non-biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD), 1 Results During the study period, 19,244 RA patients were treated with biologics; 9,979 had 1-year of follow-up and 4,704 patients had their first course beginning >180 days after VA enrollment. Conclusions Algorithm-defined effectiveness was higher for injectable tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (ADA, ETN) than for infused biologics, ABA, INF, and RIT. Major factors associated with lower effectiveness were low adherence and biologic dose escalation. References Curtis et al. Arthritis Res Ther, 2011, 13(5), R155. Acknowledgements Research funded by VA Research Program and Immunex Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Amgen Inc., and by Wyeth, which was acquired by Pfizer Inc. in October 2009. Disclosure of Interest G. Cannon: None declared, T. He: None declared, C.-C. Teng: None declared, J. Leng: None declared, C.-C. Lu: None declared, D. Tang Shareholder of: Amgen, Employee of: Amgen, N. Shah Shareholder of: Amgen, Employee of: Amgen, D. Harrison Shareholder of: Amgen, Employee of: Amgen, B. Sauer: None declared DOI 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.1903
Service Access in Premodern Cities An Exploratory Comparison of Spatial Equity

Spatial equity studies measuring urban service access have been conducted in variety of modern settings, but this research has not been extended to premodern cities. This article presents an explor...
Experimental study of strontium adsorption on anatase nanoparticles as a function of size with a density functional theory and CD model interpretation.

The effect of particle size on the adsorption of Sr2+ onto monodisperse nanometer diameter (4, 20, and 40 nm) anatase samples has been evaluated quantitatively with macroscopic experimental studies. The adsorption of Sr2+ onto the anatase particles was evaluated by potentiometric titrations in NaCl media, at two ionic strengths (0.03 and 0.3 m), and over a wide range of pH (3–11) and surface loadings, at a temperature of 25 °C. Adsorption of Sr2+ to the surface of the 20 and 40 nm diameter samples was similar, whereas the Sr2+ adsorption titration curves were shallower for the 4 nm diameter samples. At high pH, the smallest particles adsorbed slightly less Sr2+ than was adsorbed by the larger particles. At the molecular scale, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to evaluate the most stable Sr2+ surface species on the (101) anatase surface (the predominant crystal face). An inner-sphere Sr-tridentate surface species was found to be the most stable. The experimental data were described wi...
The Emerging Geography of Global Christianity: New Places, Faces and Perceptions

The old paradigm of nations sending and receiving missionaries has been turned on its head. Today, everyone is going everywhere with the good news that addresses the redemption of individuals and a revitalization of local communities. Their message today is holistic, focusing on individuals, families, communities, and nations. While geography at a macro level is less significant today because of the ease of travel, technology and virtual connections, geo-culture at the micro level is more important. Rather than exporting Western forms to the rest of the world, cross-cultural workers are critically contextualizing the function and meaning of redemption among host societies using locally familiar forms. In the early church, Jews from 15 nations gathered in Jerusalem for the Feast of Pentecost. In the biblical book of Acts, Christians believed God instructed them to spread the Gospel of Grace to all nations. Despite racial resistance particularly from Jewish leaders in the first century CE, who assumed they were the only people of God, the narrative Acts of the Apostles tells a story of inclusivity. As this narrative unfolds, men, women, children, plus all ethnicities and social classes were recipients of the Good News. The hope of renewing this inclusivity is in the next Christendom, a global Christianity where influence and compassion emanate from new places, people, and perspectives. The global shift transcends human explanation. The observable pattern is an historical phenomenon of God moving geographically where wanted. God’s eternal program for humankind is that the whole earth be filled with people who know and love Him. This chapter describes the emerging geography of global Christianity and identifies implications of new places, people, and perspectives.
The Impact of the STEM SOS Model in Influencing a Culture and Climate in Harmony Public Schools that Supports Instruction in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

A significant body of research from both the fields of business and education suggest that the culture and climate of an organization can support productivity, and in the case of schools, student success. The cultural values and beliefs within schools create the environment that promotes student achievement. Harmony Public Schools (HPS) has implemented deliberate systems within its schools to encourage student success in STEM content.
Emerging Concepts of Women’S Development: Implications for Psychotherapy

This article highlights the essence of the new theories concerning the development of girls and women. The discussion centers on the implications for reinterpretation of women's actual lives, women's mental health, and the conduct of outpatient psychotherapy with adolescent girls and women.
Heterosexual transmission of HIV

Since 1983 countries in the WHO European Region have taken part in the surveillance of AIDS in Europe by reporting their data to the WHO Collaborating Centre on AIDS. The cases of AIDS recorded fulfil the CDC case definition published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report in September 1982(1) and revised in June 1985.(2) One source per country, recognised by their respective national health authorities, provides the information. The national data are noted on standard tables, and each source is responsible for the quality of the data provided.
133-P: IDENTIFICATION OF NOVEL HLA ALLELES BY SEQUENCE BASED TYPING (SBT): A∗01:114, A∗02:397, A∗11:129, A∗32:46, B∗44:160 AND C∗07:307

Aim Identification of novel HLA alleles has been invaluable contributions to the literature of HLA genes. New HLA sequences will be imperative in population study & in transplantation. The goal of the study was to describe the characterization of newly identified HLA alleles. Methods Unusual or potential new variants of HLA alleles were identified using PCR/probe based methods, and characterized by SBT using group/allele specific primers & then sequenced. Results Novel HLA class I sequences have been identified and characterized including three new HLA-A alleles in patients and one in a healthy individual, one HLA-B allele in a patient, and one HLA-C allele in a donor. The profiles of these novel alleles are shown in Table 1. Conclusions Two new HLA-A alleles, A∗02:397 & A∗11:129, have amino acid (AA) substitution from their potential progenitor alleles in exon 4, meaning these changes are not likely to affect peptide binding or T cell receptors. The other four alleles, A∗01:114, A∗32:46, B∗44:160, and C∗07:307, had AA substitutions in either exon 2 or exon 3. These changes could affect peptide binding and/or T cell receptors. Therefore, mismatch for these alleles could result in an increased risk for graft versus host disease or graft rejection in stem cell transplant, or possibly elicit anti-HLA antibodies to these alleles in patients with stem cell or solid organ transplantation to their donors, thereby impacting graft outcome. Further investigation of graft outcome of patients need ingof transplant bearing these new alleles would be warranted. [ Table 1 ]
Assessment of a judgment‐based hydrogeomorphic wetland classification using long‐term hydrologic data

Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) wetland classifications are becoming increasingly common but lack substantial review of assumptions behind those classifications. In this paper I compare an HGM classification of wetland sites developed by best professional judgment with a classification developed using long-term hydrologic data over those same sites. Forty-two wetlands, covering five hydrogeomorphic (HGM) subclasses, were sampled for over a decade in central Pennsylvania. Using median depth to water as the metric, four groups were identified through cluster analysis (created, riparian depression/slope, and two combinations of headwater/mainstem floodplains). The groundwater-fed sites (riparian depressions and toe-of-slopes) were clearly separated by their more consistent source of water whereas other slopes and floodplain sites were less clearly defined. Long-term assessment of hydrology generally supported an HGM classification scheme developed under less stringent conditions and produced by best professional judgment but improvements in the assessment of drier sites is needed.
Sending protein aggregates into a downward spiral

Cells deploy the Hsp100 family of ATP-dependent machines to work with cellular chaperones in dismantling dangerous protein aggregates. New studies reveal an unprecedented spiral structure that provides mechanistic insight into the protein disaggregase Hsp104.