cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tests of fetal well-being in premature rupture of membranes.

SUMMARY In summarizing the published data on the use of amniocentesis and fetal biophysical assessment in managing patients with PROM the following conclusions may be drawn: 1. Both amniocentesis and fetal biophysical assessment are reasonably good methods to predict the fetus who is doing well and could therefore safely remain in utero, as well as the fetus who is at high risk for developing sepsis and therefore in need of delivery. 2. Consideration of routine transabdominal amniocentesis for Gram stain and cultures in patients with PROM is reasonable. Measurements of glucose levels, esterase activity, or cytokines are only investigational, and their use in patient management cannot be advocated at this time. 3. Although there are no prospective controlled randomized trials to prove improved pregnancy outcome by the use of either amniocentesis or frequent biophysical assessment, nonrandomized comparative trials as well as trials using historic controls suggest that the use of either or both techniques in combination may be beneficial in managing PROM.
Compounding errors: why heightened regulation and taxation are bad antidotes for recessions and income inequality

The current concerns with laggard growth and income inequality have led to a widespread set of demands for more regulation and higher taxation to reverse the trend. These two approaches move matters exactly in the wrong direction. The correct response is to find ways to reduce tax burdens and barriers to entry, and to reduce the political uncertainty associated with new government measures. It may well be too late, worldwide, for a substantial rollback in the welfare state. But the current proposals will only prolong the dismal results on both fronts in any arena in which they are tried.
Buckwheat flour inclusion in Chinese steamed bread: potential reduction in glycemic response and effects on dough quality

The present study investigates the effects of incorporating buckwheat flour (BW) into Chinese steamed bread (CSB). Different levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 %) of BW were added into wheat flour. The physical quality of dough was measured as moisture and textural properties of the dough. Quality of CSB was analyzed from two perspectives: physical properties and nutritional quality. For physical properties, specific volume, loaf height, moisture, and texture were measured by AACC methods. The nutritional quality of the bread was analyzed using the glycemic response determined by an in vitro digestion method. The results illustrate that the incorporation of BW into wheat flour reduces the extensibility of the dough, decreases specific volume, increases bread hardness, gumminess, and chewiness. However, this study also shows that addition of BW can decrease the glycemic response of steamed bread by up to 23 %. This study illustrates the potential addition of buckwheat flour to improve the nutritional quality of CSB.
Discontinuous Galerkin Methods

In this article we describe the discontinuous Galerkin method, which is a finite element method incorporating successful shock capturing finite volume techniques such as Riemann solvers, limiters, and total-variation-diminishing Runge–Kutta time discretizations, suitable for solving hyperbolic conservation law systems as well as convection-dominated convection diffusion equations such as the high Reynolds number Navier–Stokes equations. Keywords: discontinuous Galerkin method; numerical fluxes; Riemann solvers; limiters; TVD Runge–Kutta time discretization; Euler equations; Navier–Stokes equations
An improved current source for low voltage applications

A new current source which is well suited for low voltage applications is proposed. Measured compliance voltage is slightly smaller than that of a single transistor. Its output resistance is a factor of 25 larger than that of a single transistor current source and was measured at 8 M/spl Omega/. The use of the new current source improves the common-mode input range and the common-mode rejection ratio of fully-balanced and single-ended differential amplifiers.
Margarita Levantovskaya interviews Irina Reyn

Irina Reyn was born in Moscow, where she lived until 1981. She is the author of What Happened to Anna K. (Simon & Schuster, 2008) and The Imperial Wife (St Martin’s Press, 2016). She is also the ed...
Statistical Power System Line Outage Detection Under Transient Dynamics

A quickest change detection (QCD) algorithm is proposed to address the problem of detecting and identifying line outages in a power system. The statistics of electricity demand are assumed to be known and propagated through a linearized model of the equations describing the power flow balance at each node of the network. The proposed algorithm incorporates the transient dynamics of the power system following a line outage and is applied to the measurements of voltage phase angles, which are collected using phasor measurement units. This adaptive algorithm is developed by treating the QCD problem as a dynamic composite hypothesis testing problem. It is shown to have superior performance compared with other line outage detection algorithms previously proposed in the literature. Case studies demonstrating this gain in performance are illustrated through the IEEE 118-bus test system.
No Joke: Transgressive Humor of American Women Writers

This introductory chapter looks at the transgressive and transformative power of humor by American women writers and comics in a theoretical and historical context. It examines the assumptions behind such labels as women’s humor and transgressive humor while drawing on various theories of humor from the incongruity theory to the superiority/disparagement theory to the relief theory and the gendered views underlying them. It further places the essays in the collection in context by historical period and comedic form, with particular attention to issues of diversity and marginality based on race, ethnicity, class, regional identity, and gender identity, and explores how these essays expand our vision of the transgressive nature of American women writers. It also extends our understanding of comedic forms to include satire, irony, wit, parody, literary criticism, stand-up comedy, graphic memoir, and new media.
The 2017 Visualization Career Award

The 2017 Visualization Career Award goes to Charles (Chuck) Hansen in recognition for his contributions to large scale data visualization, including advances in parallel and volume rendering, novel interaction techniques, and techniques for exploiting hardware; for his leadership in the community as an educator, program chair, and editor; and for providing vision for the development and support of the field. The IEEE Visualization & Graphics Technical Committee (VGTC) is pleased to award Charles Hansen the 2017 Visualization Career Award.
Exploring the situational motivation of medical specialists: a qualitative study.

Objectives The aim was to obtain insight into the factors in the work environment that motivate or demotivate a medical specialist during his/her working day. Methods A qualitative ethnographic design was used, and a constructivist approach was adopted with the Self-Determination theory of motivation as a framework. Six medical specialists from VU University Medical Center in the Netherlands, recruited through convenience, snowball, and purposive sampling, were shadowed for one day each. Data were transcribed and open-coded. Themes were finalized through discussion and consensus. Results Sixty hours of observation data identified motivating and demotivating factors categorized into four themes that are important for specialists' motivation. Informational technology issues are demotivating factors. Working with colleagues can be both a motivating and demotivating factor, e.g., filling in for each other through feelings of relatedness was motivating. Being in control of one's planning through feelings of autonomy was motivating. Furthermore, patient care and teaching, especially in combination, stimulated specialists' motivation. Regarding the design of the study, we found that situational motivation is indeed observable. Conclusions The basic psychological needs autonomy, competence, and relatedness are important for specialists' motivation. Investing in a more motivating, open, transparent, and basic-needs- supportive work environment for medical specialists is necessary. Keywords: Continuing professional development, motivation, medical specialists, self-determination theory, qualitative research.
Air-Sea Interaction and Climatic Variations

Die Schwankungen der zonal vorhandenen potentiellen Energie von Jahr zu Jahr und der totalen Energie der Atmosphare der nordlichen Hemisphare lassen vermuten, das eine betrachtliche Variabilitat der diabatischen Antriebskrafte vorhanden ist. Diese beeinflust die generelle Zirkulation der Atmosphare. Die beobachteten Schwankungen sind gros genug, um kurzzeitige Klimafluktuationen verursachen zu konnen. Es werden auch mogliche Einflusse der Wechselwirkung zwischen der Atmosphare und dem Meer und beobachtete Schwankungen der generellen atmospharischen Zirkulation diskutiert.
Structure and Dynamics of the Outer Radiation Belt

Since the early 1990s a series of spacecraft missions have completely transformed our view of the electron radiation belts. This paper summarizes a number of new results on the structure and dynamics of the belts obtained from those measurements. First, the structure of the outer electron belt is discussed with emphasis on the regions (P0-P2) distinguished on the basis of the time variations of the electron flux. Each region is characterized by distinct set of acceleration and loss processes. While these processes are traditionally represented by diffusion models, new empirical models have emerged in the last decade. These models are developed from the observed dynamics of the flux as a function of L shell and energy. We have developed such models in each Pi region, and introduce methods of writing them as empirical diffusion-convection models. Since any realistic space weather model must be driven by interplanetary activity parameters, we discuss the development of input-output models (filters) focusing on those driven by the solar wind velocity. In addition to the plasma velocity, other solar wind and IMF parameters are important for each outer-belt region. Taken together, these parameters describe geoeffective solar wind structures. This precursor information can be used to advance the forecast lead time. The expected impact of these modeling approaches to radiation belt forecasting is discussed.
System-on-Chip Implementation of Signal Processors

System-on-Chip design is an attractive way to implement many computationally intensive signal processors. System-on-Chip design can achieve high throughput, small size, and low power. This paper examines example signal processors that are reasonable candidates for System-on-Chip implementation,and offers suggestions to facilitate the development. The main concern about System-on-Chip design is the difficulty of producing chips with a mixture of logic and memory on the same chip.
Talent Development for Faculty: The Case of Vietnam:

The ProblemWith the rise of a globalized knowledge-based economy, the Vietnamese government has demonstrated a determination to build world-class universities by making higher education development...
Long Distances: Tourating, Travel, and the Ethics of Tourism

Baudrillard worries that, in the age of the screen, instantaneous communication shrinks time and distance, so that the delays and deferrals essential to self-consciousness collapse, and any specific identity is effaced. Touration, the industrial tourism of Las Vegas and Disney, contributes to this loss through the erasure of place and the monetizing of uniform experiences. In analyses of Venice, Proust and Calvino argue, conversely, that the value of travel is to amplify distance and difference through the disruption of habit and convention. Might an ethics of tourism identify practices that would serve local security, global mobility, and universal leisure, or the opportunity for local and tourist alike to pursue happiness? The sustainable touristic practices in Bali and Bhutan safeguard local landscapes and enterprises, while subordinating the tourist to the sustaining values of the indigenous culture, requiring that she take just that distance on herself that is essential to encountering both the other and oneself.
Testimony of Professor John C. Coates IV: John F. Cogan, Jr. Professor of Law and Economics, Harvard Law School, Before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate on Legislative Proposals to Examine Corporate Governance

Effective corporate governance is a crucial foundation for economic growth, and by providing accountability and legitimacy to large-scale businesses, it is a core part of America’s success story. The Committee asked for comment on the role that law plays in corporate and shareholder disclosures and governance, and how they could be improved, as well as on a number of bills introduced into Congress that address different aspects of corporate governance. I comment generally on corporate governance, and then on five of the seven bills, including bills addressing cybersecurity risk and governance, proxy advisors, and reforms to Section 13(d) blockholder disclosures.
Chemiluminescence Study of the Autoxidation of cis-1,4-Polyisoprene

The free-radical mechanism for the autoxidation of cis-1,4-polyisoprene (natural rubber or its synthetic counterpart) has been investigated extensively. An important feature of this mechanism, and indeed also of the autoxidation of hydrocarbons generally, is that it is a chain process propagated by alkyl and peroxy radicals and terminated through bimolecular reactions involving these same radicals. In the usual oxidation situation, that is, at all oxygen pressures greater than a few torr, the alkyl radicals are rapidly converted to peroxy radicals, and the termination step proceeds almost exclusively through the latter radicals. The bimolecular decay of the peroxy radicals is accompanied by a weak emission of light or chemiluminescence. Kinetic evidence is consistent with an electronically excited ketone produced in the termination reaction as the source of the emission. The first observation of chemiluminescence from the oxidative degradation of polymers was reported by Ashby, who dealt mainly with polypropylene but made passing mention of several other polymers. Subsequently, a number of papers have appeared dealing with oxidative chemiluminescence from a variety of polymers. In this paper we report the first detailed study of the chemiluminescence emitted in the autoxidation of cis-1,4-polyisoprene. The chemiluminescence technique is extremely sensitive and can follow rates of oxidation that are too slow to be measured conveniently by other means. This work thus offered the potential of throwing new light on the autoxidation of cis-1,4-polyisoprene, especially in the very early stages or under ambient conditions where conventional spectroscopic procedures are rather insensitive.
The Role of PI3K Inhibition in Lymphoid Malignancies

The outcome of patients with lymphoid malignancies has markedly improved in recent years which is likely due to a combination of advances in supportive care, and therapeutic options. In this article, we will provide an overview over the role PI3-kinase signalling, one of the most important dysregulated pathways in cancer, and its successful inhibition in lymphoma. PI3-kinase inhibitors have shown remarkable activity in an increasing subset of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The first drug to be approved was idelalisib for patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma and CLL/SLL as monotherapy, or in combination with rituximab, respectively. After an initial setback related to increased toxicity including deaths observed in several upfront studies, there has been a resurgence in interest in this pathway following the promising efficacy of second-generation PI3K inhibitors including in patients with T cell lymphomas. PI3K inhibition continues to be an invaluable tool in the therapy of patients with lymphoid malignancies if managed cautiously. Preclinical models are helpful in predicting possible side effects and identifying new lymphoma subtypes that may be susceptible to this class of agents. The future will likely involve rationally designed combinatorial approaches to deepen the response rate and prevent the emergence of resistance.
Am I on the library website

In spring 2015, the Cal Poly Pomona University Library conducted usability testing with ten student testers to establish recommendations and guide the migration process from LibGuides version 1 to version 2. This case study describes the results of the testing as well as raises additional questions regarding the general effectiveness of LibGuides, especially when students rely heavily on search to find library resources.
A Primary Neural Cell Culture Model for Neuroinflammation

Interactions between neurons, astrocytes, and microglia critically influence neuroinflammatory responses to insult in the central nervous system. Studying neuroinflammation in vitro has been difficult because most primary culture models do not include all three critical cell types. We describe an in vitro model of neuroinflammation comprised of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Primary rat cortical cells were cultured in a serum-free medium used to co-culture neurons and astrocytes that is supplemented with three factors (IL-34, TGF-β, and cholesterol) used to support isolated microglia. This "tri-culture" can be maintained for at least 14 days in vitro while retaining a physiologically-relevant representation of all three cell types. Additionally, we demonstrate that the tri-culture system responds to lipopolysaccharide, mechanical trauma and excitotoxicity with both neurotoxic and neuroprotective aspects of the neuroinflammatory response observed in vivo. We expect the tri-culture model will enable mechanistic studies of neuroinflammation in vitro with enhanced physiological relevance.
Organization of Protein and Lipid Components in Membranes

The essential structural characteristics of biological membranes are by now well known. Membranes consist largely of amphipathic molecules (lipids and proteins) which spontaneously aggregate in such a way as to expose their polar parts to water while at the same time creating a nonaqueous interior for the nonpolar parts.
Financial health as a measurable social determinant of health

Objectives Financial health, understood as one's ability to manage expenses, prepare for and recover from financial shocks, have minimal debt, and ability to build wealth, underlies all facets of daily living such as securing food and paying for housing, yet there is inconsistency in measurement and definition of this critical concept. Most social determinants research and interventions focus on siloed solutions (housing, food, utilities) rather than on a root solution such as financial health. In light of the paucity of public health research on financial health, particularly among low-income populations, this study seeks to: 1) introduce the construct of financial health into the domain of public health as a useful root term that underlies other individual measures of economic hardship and 2) demonstrate through outcomes on financial, physical and mental health among low-income caregivers of young children that the construct of financial health belongs in the canon of social determinants of health. Materials and methods In order to extract features of financial health relevant to overall well-being, principal components analysis were used to assess survey data on banking and personal finances among caregivers of young children who participate in public assistance. Then, a series of logistic regressions were utilized to examine the relationship between components of financial health, depression and self-rated health. Results Components aligned with other measures of financial health in the literature, and there were strong associations between financial health and health outcomes. Practice implications Financial health can be conceived of and measured as a key social determinant of health.
An organotypic in vitro model of matured blood vessels

Abstract Angiogenesis is a physiological process in which brand-new blood vessels are formed from pre-existing blood vessels. The angiogenic processes are achieved by multiple steps, including angiogenic vascular sprouting, lumen formation, mural cell (e.g., smooth muscle cells) recruitment, and vessel stabilization by the mural cell coverage of the neovessels. Especially, mural cell recruitment to and coverage of the newly formed endothelium is a fundamental process to provide fully matured, functional blood vessels. Although investigation of the mural cell interactions with endothelial cells is crucial not only for better understanding of vascular physiology, but also for treating numerous vascular diseases, there has been a lack of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models that recapitulate spontaneous processes of the vascular maturation. In this study, we describe an organotypic in vitro model that represents multi-step, spontaneous vascular maturation processes, which includes angiogenic vessel sprouting, smooth muscle cell (SMC) recruitment, and the SMC coverage of the neovessels. Using the system, we could spatiotemporally control vessel sprouting and vessel stabilization/maturation; and revealed an optimal condition that could reconstitute SMC-covered, matured blood vessels in 3D in vitro. We may provide a new platform for future mechanism studies of vascular interactions to mural cells and vessel maturation; and for pre-clinical screening and validation of therapeutic agent candidates for treating vascular diseases.
Review of three excellent time series books

The book with the title ‘Bayesian Analysis of Time Series’ by Lyle D. Broemeling is an excellent source to learn time series concepts, methods, expressions, and interpretations from the Bayesian vi...
Internal kinematics of the Slumgullion landslide (USA) from high-resolution UAVSAR InSAR data

Abstract Landslides represent one of the most damaging natural hazards and often lead to unexpected casualties and property damage. They also continually modify our natural environment and landscapes. Knowledge of landslide systems is largely restricted by the stochastic nature, subjective interpretation and infrequent or spatially sparse surveying of landslides. Characterized by persistent daily movements of a couple of centimeters over multi-centennial timescales and a long narrow shape as long as ~4 km, the Slumgullion landslide in Colorado, USA represents an ideal natural laboratory to study slow-moving landslides. Here we demonstrate the capability of the highly accurate, spatially continuous airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) system of the NASA Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle SAR (UAVSAR) to characterize the kinematic details of internal deformation of the Slumgullion landslide using SAR interferometry (InSAR). We develop a phase-based approach to automatically extract the boundaries of the mobile geological structures without unwrapping. Comparison with historic field observations from 1991 reveals the 40-m advance of the frontal toe and shift of an internal fault. The UAVSAR data also resolve an internal minislide (100 by 70 m), which moves more southerly than the main body at 5 mm/day in the lower part of the landslide. A Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) shows that the minislide is associated with the opening of a 30 by 10 m pull-apart basin and bounding strike-slip faults. These extensional structures, nearby incised streams, and steepened local slopes helped establish the kinematic environment for the formation of the secondary minislide. The disparity between the UAVSAR InSAR-derived horizontal moving directions and the LiDAR DEM-derived slope aspects suggest that while the surface topography governs the first-order orientation, the local kinematics is also subject to the variable nature of heterogeneous landslide materials and the irregular basal bedrock surface. The landslide velocity and precipitation show similar multi-annual variations. Our study demonstrates that the freely available, high-resolution UAVSAR data, have great potential for characterizing landslide kinematics and other small-scale geological and geomorphological processes.
Outcomes of Orthopedic Hand Surgeries in Minor Procedure Rooms at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Purpose There is a high demand for minor hand surgeries within the veteran population. The objective of this study was to compare clinical outcomes and resource use at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) of hand surgeries performed in minor procedure rooms (MPR) and operating rooms using local anesthesia with or without monitored anesthesia care. Methods We retrospectively evaluated all patients undergoing carpal tunnel release, de Quervain's release, foreign body removal, soft tissue mass excision, or A1 pulley release at a VAMC over a 5-year period. Data collected included demographic information, mental health comorbidities, presence of preoperative and postoperative pain, complications after surgery, time to surgery, number of personnel in surgery, turnover time between cases, and time spent in the postanesthesia care unit. Statistical analysis included Fisher exact or chi-square analysis to compare MPR versus operating room groups and Student t test or Mann-Whitney test to compare continuous variables. Results In this cohort of 331 cases, 123 and 208 patients underwent surgery in MPRs and operating rooms, respectively. Preoperative and postoperative pain were similar between the MPR and operating room groups. Complications were slightly lower in the MPR group versus the operating room group (0% MPR vs 2.9% operating room). Median time from surgical consult to surgery was 6 days less for MPR patients (15 vs 21). The MPR cases also used fewer personnel during surgery, averaging 4.76 versus 4.99 people. The MPR patients spent 9 minutes less in the postanesthesia care unit (median, 36 vs 45 minutes) and turnover time between cases was nearly 8 minutes faster in MPRs than in operating rooms (median, 20 vs 28 minutes). Conclusions Minor procedure rooms at a VAMC allow more veteran patients to be scheduled for minor hand surgeries within a shorter time frame, utilize less staff and postoperative monitoring, and maintain excellent outcomes with limited complications. Clinical relevance Minor hand surgeries in MPRs have outcomes equivalent to those of operating rooms with improved time savings and resource use.
Zr6O8 node-catalyzed butene hydrogenation and isomerization in the metal−organic framework NU-1000

Zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) have been increasingly studied over the past two decades as heterogeneous catalysts due to their synthetic tunability, well-defined nature, and ch...
Training inpatient psychiatric nurses and staff to utilize CBTp informed skills in an acute inpatient psychiatric setting

Objective: To investigate the impact of a novel, brief CBTp-informed skills training, called Positive Practices for working with Psychosis (PPP), on recovery-orientation of frontline inpatient psyc...
Circular disk plasmonic optical antenna array-enhanced avalanche photodiode with simultaneously enhanced gain and detection speed

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are critical photodetection devices for high sensitivity and high-speed sensing. Great efforts in bandgap engineering and impact-ionization engineering have been put to achieve high gain-bandwidth products. Plasmonic optical antenna (POA) techniques can change the near-field distributions of the illumination light and thus provide an effective approach to achieve simultaneous enhancement of the gain and the detection speed. We report a metallic circular disk POA array-enhanced APD, where the circular disk POA array was fabricated on top of the p-doped side of the GaAs p-i-n APD. The electric field (E-field) distribution were simulated. The gain and the frequency response of the APD POA-enhanced APD were measured and compared with a reference APD without the POA array. The POA-enhanced APD shows a simultaneous enhancement in the gain and the detection speed.
Ultrafast laser surgery probe with a calcium fluoride miniaturized objective for bone ablation

We present a miniaturized ultrafast laser surgery probe with improved miniaturized optics to deliver higher peak powers and enable higher surgical speeds than previously possible. A custom-built miniaturized CaF2 objective showed no evidence of the strong multiphoton absorption observed in our previous ZnS-based probe, enabling higher laser power delivery to the tissue surface for ablation. A Kagome fiber delivered ultrashort pulses from a high repetition rate fiber laser to the objective, producing a focal beam radius of 1.96 μm and covering a 90×90 μm2 scan area. The probe delivered the maximum available fiber laser power, providing fluences >6 J/cm2 at the tissue surface at 53% transmission efficiency. We characterized the probe's performance through a parametric ablation study on bovine cortical bone and defined optimal operating parameters for surgery using an experimental- and simulation-based approach. The entire opto-mechanical system, enclosed within a 5-mm diameter housing with a 2.6-mm diameter probe tip, achieved material removal rates >0.1 mm3/min, however removal rates were ultimately limited by the available laser power. Towards a next generation surgery probe, we simulated maximum material removal rates when using a higher power fiber laser and found that removal rates >2 mm3/min could be attained through appropriate selection of laser surgery parameters. With future development, the device presented here can serve as a precise surgical tool with clinically viable speeds for delicate applications such as spinal decompression surgeries.
Crafty women: exploring how southeastern female brewers navigate emotional labour within the craft beer industry

This study explores lived experiences of southeastern American women craft brew professionals with regards to anger and emotional labour within the craft beer industry. Informed by feminist epistem...
A universal formula for the density of states in theories with finite-group symmetry

In this paper we use Euclidean gravity to derive a simple formula for the density of black hole microstates which transform in each irreducible representation of any finite gauge group. Since each representation appears with nonzero density, this gives a new proof of the completeness hypothesis for finite gauge fields. Inspired by the generality of the argument we further propose that the formula applies at high energy in any quantum field theory with a finite-group global symmetry, and give some evidence for this conjecture.
Current status of the assessment of sarcopenia, frailty, physical performance and functional status in chronic kidney disease patients.

Purpose of review Low physical function, frailty, and sarcopenia are common complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this article, we review the epidemiology and pathogenesis of low physical function, as well as its associations with adverse outcomes in CKD patients. Additionally, we present various traditional and novel methods for assessment of physical function in CKD patients. Recent findings In nondialysis dependent (NDD) and dialysis-dependent CKD patients, the prevalence of low physical function, frailty, and sarcopenia are substantially higher than in the general population. The potential mechanisms of low physical function, frailty, and sarcopenia in CKD patients are due to various factors including underlying kidney disease, co-existing comorbidities, and certain therapeutic interventions utilized in CKD. Increasing evidence has also uncovered the ill effects of impaired physical function on clinical outcomes in CKD patients. Summary Routine assessment of physical function is an under-utilized yet important component in the management of CKD patients. Future studies are needed to determine how prescription of exercise and increased daily physical activity can be tailored to optimize the health and well-being of NDD and dialysis-dependent CKD patients in pursuit of successful aging.
Mental Health Screenings: Practices and Patterns of These and Other Health Screenings in U.S. School Districts.

Schools' health screenings can identify students' missed health concerns. Data from the 2016 School Health Policies and Practices Study were used to determine the proportion of U.S. school districts with physical and mental health screening policies and the proportion that arrange off-campus mental health services. We also examined differences between districts with and without mental health screening policies regarding having physical health screening policies, patterns of these policies, and off-campus mental health service arrangements. Eleven percent of districts had no policies on any of the four physical health screenings assessed, and 87% lacked policies on mental health screenings, the latter especially concerning considering the impact of COVID-19. Districts with policies on mental health screenings were significantly more likely to have body mass index (p < .01) and oral health (p < .001) screening policies, and to arrange for off-campus case management (p < .001), family counseling (p < .05), group counseling (p < .01), self-help (p < .05) and intake evaluation (p < .05).
Challenges in modeling mixed ionic-covalent glass formers

Archetypical glass formers such as SiO\(_{2}\), GeO\(_{2}\) and B\(_{2}\)O\(_{3}\) pose an especial challenge for atomistic level modeling due to the mixed ionic-covalent bonding and the highly polarizable oxygen ion. Though significant improvements have been made in the past few decades in developing potential models for such systems, mostly based on pair-wise potentials, with or without taking into account of three-body or many-body effects, there is still much room for further advancement in the development of reliable, effective, and transferable potential models for mixed ionic-covalent glass formers.
Preliminary Studies on Arrhenius Relationships of Dehydration of Proteins

Raw and cooked samples of beef muscle tissue, extracted salt-soluble beef protein, and egg albumin were dehydrated isothermally in a microcalorimeter at 45°, 68°, 82°, and 100°C. The data were analyzed with a high-speed computer.
Immunoglobulin G, Plasma Cells, and Lymphocytes in the Murine Vagina after Vaginal or Parenteral Immunization with Attenuated Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2

This investigation evaluated immunity to vaginal herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection after local or parenteral immunization with attenuated HSV-2. Vaginal immunization induced sterilizing immunity against challenge with a high dose of wild-type virus, whereas parenteral immunizations protected against neurologic disease but did not entirely prevent infection of the vagina. Vaginal immunization caused 86- and 31-fold increases in the numbers of immunoglobulin G (IgG) plasma cells in the vagina at 6 weeks and 10 months after immunization, whereas parenteral immunizations did not increase plasma cell numbers in the vagina. Vaginal secretion/serum titer ratios and specific antibody activities in vaginal secretions and serum indicated that IgG viral antibody was produced in the vagina and released into vaginal secretions at 6 weeks and 10 months after vaginal immunization but not after parenteral immunizations. In contrast to the case for plasma cells, the numbers of T and B lymphocytes in the vagina were similar in vaginally and parenterally immunized mice. Also, lymphocyte numbers in the vagina were markedly but similarly increased by vaginal challenge with HSV-2 in both vaginally and parenterally immunized mice. Lymphocyte recruitment to the vagina after virus challenge appeared to involve memory lymphocytes, because it was not observed in nonimmunized mice. Thus, local vaginal immunization with attenuated HSV-2 increased the number of IgG plasma cells in the vagina and increased vaginal secretion/serum titer ratios to 3.0- to 4.7-fold higher than in parenterally immunized groups but caused little if any selective homing of T and B lymphocytes to the vagina.
Computer simulation of hippocampal place cells

Hippocampal pyramidal cells show location-specific firing as animais navigate through an environment. It has been suggested that this firing could resuit from the “local view” available in a cell’s field. Hippocampal damage results in learning deficits on a wide variety of tasks. This, along with the fact that an associative form of plasticity has been discovered in the hippocampus has led to the idea that this structure might serve as a distributed, associative-matrix memory device. Here, these ideas are combined in a model in which pyramidal cells are the output layer of a competitive-learning, pattern-classification device. The inputs are patterns of environmental stimuli as viewed by a computerized “rat” from various locations within a simulated environment. These patterns are “classified” on the basis of their similarity. Since views available from contiguous regions of space are similar, single cells come to fire in a circumscribed region (place field). Firing-rate maps for these theoretical units show place fields remarkably similar to those of actual place cells. Also, they show remarkably similar behavior to that of real cells when tested under some of the probe conditions similar to those which have been used for actual cells.
Neurofilament protein synthesis in DRG neurons decreases more after peripheral axotomy than after central axotomy

Cytoskeletal protein synthesis was studied in DRG neurons after transecting either their peripheral or their central branch axons. Specifically, the axons were transected 5–10 mm from the lumbar-5 ganglion on one side of the animal; the DRGs from the transected side and contralateral control side were labeled with radiolabeled amino acids in vitro; radiolabeled proteins were separated by 2-dimensional (2D) PAGE; and the amounts of radiolabel in certain proteins of the experimental and control ganglia were quantified and compared. We focused on the neurofilament proteins because they are neuron-specific. If either the peripheral or central axons were cut, the amounts of radiolabeled neurofilament protein synthesized by the DRG neurons decreased between 1 and 10 d after transection. Neurofilament protein labeling decreased more after transection of the peripheral axons than after transection of the central axons. In contrast to axonal transections, sham operations or heat shock did not decrease the radiolabeling of the neurofilament proteins, and these procedures also affected the labeling of actin, tubulin, and the heat-shock proteins differently from transection. These results and others indicate that axonal transection leads to specific changes in the synthesis of cytoskeletal proteins of DRG neurons, and that these changes differ from those produced by stress to the animal or ganglia. Studies of the changes in neurofilament protein synthesis from 1 to 40 d after axonal transection indicate that the amounts of radiolabeled neurofilament protein synthesis were decreased during axonal elongation, but that they returned toward control levels when the axons reached cells that stopped elongation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Kinetic properties of the inhibition of juvenile hormone esterase by two trifluoromethylketones and O-ethyl,S-phenyl phosphoramidothioate

Abstract Some inhibition kinetic properties and in vivo inhibition of the plasma juvenile hormone esterase from the cabbage looper ( Trichoplusia ni Hubner) by one phosphoramidothioate and two trifluoromethylketones were examined. O -ethyl, S -phenyl phosphoramidothioate was shown to react irreversibly with the enzyme in a time-dependent manner, and the inhibition reaction can be factored into a reversible step with a dissociation constant, K d , of 4.55 × 10 −5 M followed by a phosphorylation step with a rate constant, k 2 , of 1.98 min −1 . The phosphorylated enzyme did not show spontaneous recovery after 48 hr of dialysis. On the other hand, the two trifluoromethylketones were shown to act as reversible inhibitors, as their inhibited enzyme was regenerated completely after dialysis. However, 1,1,1,-trifluoro-3-thiooctylpropan-2-one, in contrast to 1,1,1-trifluorotetradecan-2-one, showed progressive time-dependent inhibition, and its reaction with the enzyme followed characteristic bimolecular second-order kinetics with a rate constant, k i , of 3.37 × 10 7 M −1 min −1 . The in vivo inhibition data of topically treated larvae at equimolar amounts of the tested compounds indicated rapid penetration, and the stability of the inhibition was higher for the phosphoramidothioate than for the trifluoromethylketones. The relationship of the mechanism of inhibition and the in vivo inhibition of these compounds to the understanding of the interactions between juvenile hormone and juvenile hormone esterase is discussed.
The use of parking and auxiliary lamps for traffic sign illumination

Problem: In 1997, the U.S. government introduced an option of having headlamps labeled as visually/optically aimable (VOA). To be so labeled, the vertical gradient of the light output needs to meet certain minimum requirements. A concern with VOA lamps is that they might provide less light above the horizontal than conventional U.S. lamps, thus reducing the effectiveness of retroreflective traffic signs. Method: This study examined 36 first-generation VOA lamps to assess the reduction of light above the horizontal. Furthermore, this study addressed the possibility of maintaining the status quo of light for sign visibility by supplementing light from VOA lamps with light from either parking lamps or an auxiliary lamp mounted just above the driver. Results: The results indicate that parking lamps are too weak to be able to make up for the deficit. A lamp mounted on the roof just above the driver would provide a substantial advantage over headlamps in terms of retroreflective geometry because the observation angles for such a lamp are smaller than for either headlamp. However, even taking into account this advantage, a single such lamp would need to have peak intensity between 1500 and 2000 cd to make up for the deficit created by a pair of VOA headlamps. Impact on industry: The present findings imply that neither parking lamps nor auxiliary lamps mounted just above the driver will likely be a practical solution for the reduced light output above the horizontal from VOA lamps.
De-legitimization of Israel in Palestinian Authority Schoolbooks

De-legitimization of Israel as a sovereign state and denial of the Jews' rights, indeed of their legitimate presence in Palestine in both antiquity and today, have been the cornerstone of the Arab position since the onset of the Middle East conflict. Even the peace agreements between Israel and some of its neighbours – Egypt (1979), the PLO (1993), Jordan (1994) – have not changed this attitude, as starkly illustrated by schoolbooks of the nations concerned. This essay describes the depiction of the Jewish state in Palestinian Authority (PA) schoolbooks in comparison to Arab, Iranian, and Israeli textbooks.
Lecithin crystal growth and molecular bilayers

Abstract Crystallization of phospholipids was studied and single crystals grown which diffracted X rays to a resolution of 0.7 A. The preparation of single crystals required purified samples and was strongly influenced by solvent/crystal interactions. The growth conditions and properties of these phospholid single crystals are related to the formation and properties of bilayers as in biological membranes. A structure for the polar surface layer of bilayers is proposed.
Spin-offs and Sales of Assets: An Examination of Security Returns and Divestment Motivations

Abstract Event study research to date has generally used the cumulative average residuals technique and focused on stockholder announcement impacts while testing one or two hypotheses concerning divestment. There are two important reasons for departing from this tradition. First, recent evidence suggests that an examination of cross-sectional cumulative average residuals may result in detecting abnormal performance when none is present. Second, most of the hypotheses concerning divestment are consistent with positive returns to stockholders. This research isolates the impact of divestment on security holders by examining firms that have a single major divestment and no other seemingly important news events. The impacts at the announcement period and the divestment period are examined for subsamples of firms according to managerial motivations for divestment. Results indicate that when the sample is categorised this way, divestiture impacts vary between categories.
Gene expression in chemically transformed mouse embryo cells: selective enhancement of the expression of C type RNA tumor virus genes.

Abstract Treatment of a nontumorigenic clone of AKR mouse embryo cells in culture with a variety of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has resulted in the development of derivative clones which are highly tumorigenic and exhibit other characteristics of the transformed phenotype. A 3-methylcholanthrene-transformed derivative clone (clone MCA) has been compared to the parent clone (clone 2B) with respect to the abundance and diversity of polysomal poly(A)-containing mRNA sequences. Hybridization kinetic experiments show that the poly(A)-containing sequences of both clones are organized into indistinguishable abundance classes, and that the vast majority of the sequences are common to both the parent and derivative clones. The levels of two specific messenger RNAs (α- and β-globin mRNA) which characterize highly differentiated mouse erythroid cells were much less than 1 molecule per cell in either cell type. Titration of a balanced complementary DNA probe to AKR murine leukemia virus (AKR-MuLV) 70S RNA with purified polysomal poly(A)-containing RNA from both parent and derivative clones shows that approximately 5000 and 1200 viral 35S RNA equivalents are present in the cytoplasm of growing and resting clone MCA cells, respectively. Rapidly growing clone 2B cells contain less than about 30 viral 35S RNA equivalents per cell. Viral specific sequences therefore correspond to members of the high abundance class of poly(A)-containing RNA sequences in clone MCA cells and to the low abundance class of sequences in clone 2B cells. Within the limits of detection, this large increase in abundance is characteristic only of viral specific RNA sequences.
Influence of Unit Subcell Selection on Small- and Large-Signal Performance of SiGe Power HBTs

The influence of unit subcell selection on the small- and large-signal performance of SiGe power HBTs is investigated. It is found that at low input power levels SiGe power HBTs using compact subcells can provide better power performance than using loose ones due to less interconnect parasitics, which is consistent with the small-signal characteristics. At high input power levels, thermal effects dominate over the parasitics effects. As a result, the loose subcells can offer better power performance than the compact ones