cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Novel Approach to Partition Central and Peripheral Airway Nitric Oxide

Background Determining the site of airways inflammation may lead to the targeting of therapy. Nitric oxide (NO) is a biomarker of airway inflammation and can be measured at multiple exhalation flow rates to allow partitioning into bronchial (large/central airway maximal nitric oxide flux [J'awno]) and peripheral (peripheral/small airway/alveolar nitric oxide concentration [Cano]) airway contributions by linear regression. This requires a minimum of three exhalations. We developed a simple and practical method to partition NO. Methods In 29 healthy subjects (FEV 1 , 97% ± 3% predicted), 13 patients with asthma (FEV 1 , 90% ± 4% predicted), 14 patients with COPD (FEV 1 , 59% ± 3% predicted), and 12 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) (FEV 1 , 60% ± 3% predicted), we measured the area under the curve of the NO concentration/exhalation time plot (AUC-NO) at exhalation flow rates of 50, 100, 200, and 300 mL/s. We determined the change of the total AUC-NO production (δAUC-NO) among the four different exhalation flow rates and compared these levels to Cano and J'awno indices measured conventionally by linear regression. Results The change in AUC-NO between increasing exhalation flow rates of 50 to 200 mL/s (δAUC-NO 50-200 ) was strongly correlated with J'awno in all patient groups as follows: healthy subjects ( r = 0.94, P r = 0.98, P r = 0.93, P r = 0.74, P 200 ) correlated with Cano ( r = 0.69, P Conclusions The bronchial production of NO can be determined by measuring δAUC-NO 50-200 , whereas AUC-NO 200 measures its peripheral concentration. This approach is simple, quick, and does not require sophisticated equipment or mathematical models.
What Is Evidence-Based Behavior Analysis?

Although applied behavior analysts often say they engage in evidence-based practice, they express differing views on what constitutes ‘‘evidence’’ and ‘‘practice.’’ This article describes a practice as a service offered by a provider to help solve a problem presented by a consumer. Solving most problems (e.g., increasing or decreasing a behavior and maintaining this change) requires multiple intervention procedures (i.e., a package). Single-subject studies are invaluable in investigating individual procedures, but researchers still need to integrate the procedures into a package. The package must be standardized enough for independent providers to replicate yet flexible enough to allow individualization; intervention manuals are the primary technology for achieving this balance. To test whether the package is effective in solving consumers’ problems, researchers must evaluate outcomes of the package as a whole, usually in group studies such as randomized controlled trials. From this perspective, establishing an evidence-based practice involves more than analyzing the effects of discrete intervention procedures on behavior; it requires synthesizing information so as to offer thorough solutions to problems. Recognizing the need for synthesis offers behavior analysts many promising opportunities to build on their existing research to increase the quality and quantity of evidence-based practices.
Environmental regulations and the increasing seasonality of gasoline prices

We analyse gasoline prices over the past 27 years and find that there has been an increase in the seasonal variation since 2000. This finding is attributed to an increase in the environmental regulations on gasoline during the summer months.
Optimally controlling Hybrid Electric Vehicles using path forecasting

The paper examines path-dependent control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). In this approach we seek to improve HEV fuel economy by optimizing charging and discharging of the vehicle battery depending on the forecasted vehicle route. The route is decomposed into a series connection of route segments with (partially) known properties. The dynamic programming is used as a tool to quantify the benefits offered by route information availability.
The Effect of Power Plants on Local Housing Values and Rents

Abstract This paper uses restricted census microdata to examine housing values and rents for neighborhoods in the United States where power plants were opened during the 1990s. Compared to neighborhoods with similar housing and demographic characteristics, neighborhoods within 2 miles of plants experienced 3%–7% decreases in housing values and rents, with some evidence of larger decreases within 1 mile and for large-capacity plants. In addition, there is evidence of taste-based sorting, with neighborhoods near plants associated with modest but statistically significant decreases in mean household income, educational attainment, and the proportion owner-occupied.
Comparative analysis of two algicidal bacteria active against the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis

Abstract The red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis blooms annually along the eastern Gulf of Mexico, USA, and is often linked to significant economic losses through massive fish kills, shellfish harvest closures, and the potential threat to humans of neurotoxic shellfish poisonings as well as exposure to aerosolized toxin. As part of an effort to enhance the strategies employed to manage and mitigate these events and their adverse effects, several approaches are being investigated for controlling blooms. Previous studies have established the presence of algicidal bacteria lethal to K. brevis in these waters, and we aim to characterize bacterial–algal interactions, evaluate their role as natural regulators of K. brevis blooms, and ultimately assess possible management applications. Herein, the algicidal activity of a newly isolated Cytophaga / Flavobacterium / Bacteroidetes (CFB)-bacterium, strain S03, and a previously described CFB-bacterium, strain 41-DBG2, was evaluated against various harmful algal bloom (HAB) and non-HAB species (23 total), including multiple clones of K. brevis , to evaluate algal target specificity. Strains S03 and 41-DBG2, which employ direct and indirect modes of algicidal lysis, respectively, killed ∼20% and ∼40% of the bacteria-containing isolates tested. Interestingly, no bacteria-free algal cultures were resistant to algicidal attack, whereas susceptibility varied occasionally among bacteria-containing isolates of a single algal taxon originating from either the same or different geographic location. The dynamics of K. brevis culture death appeared to differ according to whether the algicidal bacterium did or did not require direct contact with algal cells, with the former most rapidly affecting K. brevis morphology and causing cell lysis. Both bacterial strains promoted the formation of a small number of cyst-like structures in the K. brevis cultures, possibly analogous to temporary cysts formed by other dinoflagellates exposed to certain types of stress. Results were also consistent with earlier work demonstrating that bacterial assemblages from certain cultures can confer resistance to attack by algicidal bacteria, again indicating the complexity and importance of microbial interactions, and the need to consider carefully the potential for using such bacteria in management activities.
A cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding transcriptional activator in Drosophila melanogaster, dCREB-A, is a member of the leucine zipper family.

Abstract In this report, we describe the isolation and initial characterization of a Drosophila protein, dCREB-A, that can bind the somatostatin cyclic AMP (cAMP)-responsive element and is capable of activating transcription in cell culture. Sequence analysis demonstrates that this protein is a member of the leucine zipper family of transcription factors. dCREB-A is unusual in that it contains six hydrophobic residue iterations in the zipper domain rather than the four or five commonly found in this group of proteins. The DNA-binding domain is more closely related to mammalian CREB than to the AP-1 factors in both sequence homology and specificity of cAMP-responsive element binding. In embryos, dCREB-A is expressed in the developing salivary gland. A more complex pattern of expression is detected in the adult; transcripts are found in the brain and optic lobe cell bodies, salivary gland, and midgut epithelial cells of the cardia. In females, dCREB-A is expressed in the ovarian columnar follicle cells, and in males, dCREB-A RNA is seen in the seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, and ejaculatory bulb. These results suggest that the dCREB-A transcription factor may be involved in fertility and neurological functions.
HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS, RELATIVE ABUNDANCE, AND SPECIES RICHNESS OF AUTUMN LANDBIRD MIGRANTS IN SOUTHWESTERN IDAHO

Abstract We used count surveys and mist-net captures to compare habitat associations, relative abundance, species richness, and community similarity of migrant landbirds among four major habitats in the Boise Foothills of southwestern Idaho. Count surveys were conducted from August through October 1997–2000 in conifer forest, mountain shrubland, shrubsteppe, and riparian shrubland. We compared bird detections among habitats for all birds pooled, individual species, and three migration strategies: Neotropical, temperate, and resident (including irruptive migrants). Mountain shrubland supported the highest numbers of temperate migrants; both mountain shrubland and riparian shrubland had the highest numbers of Neotropical migrants; and conifer forest had the highest numbers of residents. Species richness was highest in riparian shrubland and lowest in shrubsteppe, whereas diversity and evenness were highest in conifer forest and mountain shrubland. Mist netting was conducted from mid-July to mid-October in t...
A Book that Shaped Your World: Charles Dickens, A Christmas Carol

"To celebrate the Alberta Law Review's fiftieth volume, the book review editors invited friends and alumni to put aside for a moment their required reading, and reflect briefly on the books that have shaped their approaches to life and the law." Professor Sullivan chose to reflect upon the perennially popular A Christmas Carol, to thoughtful and poetic effect.
Maturational differences in acetazolamide-altered pH and HCO3 of choroid plexus, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain

The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide is useful for analyzing ion transport, pH regulation, and fluid formation in developing central nervous system. We used the 14C-labeled dimethadione technique to measure alterations in steady-state pH, and to estimate the HCO3 concentration [HCO3], in choroid plexus (CP), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and cerebral cortex of 1- and 3-wk-old Sprague-Dawley rats treated with acetazolamide or probenecid. These drugs can suppress transport of HCO3 and other anions in some cells, consequently altering intracellular pH. In 1-wk-old infant rats whose CSF secretory process is incompletely developed, 1 h of acetazolamide treatment did not significantly change CP intracellular pH or [HCO3]. However, in 3-wk-old rats, in which the ability of CP to secrete ions and fluids is almost fully developed, acetazolamide caused marked increases in CP cell intracellular pH and [HCO3]. In contrast, acetazolamide-induced alkalinization was not observed in CSF or cerebral cortex of the 1- and 3-wk-old animals. The other test agent, probenecid (an inhibitor of anion transport but not of carbonic anhydrase), did not alter the pH of any region at any age investigated. Overall, the results are interpreted in light of developmental changes in carbonic anhydrase and previous findings from kinetic analyses of ion-translocating systems in CP. Acetazolamide may interfere with a CP apical membrane HCO3 extrusion mechanism not fully operational in infant rats.
Social Workers of the World Unite

Social workers begin their professional careers in graduate school. In preparation, students need to educate themselves with regard to relevant social and political issues. The NASW Code of Ethics stresses the profession’s ethical obligation to actively work on behalf of the goals of social justice and social change. Graduate social work programs fall short of preparing students for the progressive role the profession requires. Social workers are uniquely positioned to converge various fields relevant to social change. Furthermore, social work is a political activity, as it either serves the status quo or the concerns of client populations. Students are required to reconcile the ethics of the profession and their graduate training through engaging in political and social action.
The Silence of the Lambs: 'De-Animalizing' Silence and Interrogating the Human/Animal Binary

Political theorists have relied much upon two quite consequential sets of related binaries. First, speech and silence have been constituted as, for political purposes, antithetical phenomena; speech treated as a vehicle for political engagement and action, and silence relegated to apolitical realms and beings. Second, humans and animals have been constructed as distinct beings, envisioned as having different qualities and capabilities to such a degree that only humans have been considered capable of citizenship. Also, only some 'humans' have been articulated as capable of full citizenship, leaving others in positions comparable to that of animals. This paper challenges both of these binaries, especially calling attention to the communicative promises of silence. I seek to illuminate that, what many might deem the silent existences of a variety of 'animals' does not, should not, leave such beings unworthy of our attention and inclusion in relation to political struggles and the rights that accompany citizenship. This project challenges the idea that speech should be the only and primary means through which we engage politics. Also, by 'dehumanizing' in the sense of de-centering the privileged status of speech as that which allows for the 'human' capacity of reason, and by 'de-animalizing' silence in the sense of centering that which had been deemed unworthy of 'human' engagement, I interrogate the human/animal binary as such.
Survivorship. Living through a life-altering event.

This article examines surviving a life altering diagnosis with the focus on the experiential relationship of the individual suffering from this crisis. Little is known about the lived experience of the individual and his or her family during this critical time. The concept of survivorship is examined as it relates to physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and financial domains. Implications for nursing practice and nursing research are considered.
Percutaneous antegrade transluminal ureteroplasty for renal allograft ureteral stenosis

Abstract Mid ureteral stenosis in a kidney transplant 16 years after grafting was treated successfully with percutaneous antegrade ureteral dilation with a balloon catheter followed by antegrade placement of a temporary double pigtail ureteral stent. Significant obstruction did not recur during a 7-month followup.
Neil Smith's Scale

In this essay, part of a special issue acknowledging the scholarship of Neil Smith, we trace his contributions to conceptualizing scale. From his important foundational text, Uneven Development, to his later works that fashioned a more malleable, constructivist, and socio-cultural approach, Neil Smith made lifelong contributions to our understanding of the processes of scale production—contributions that have forever altered how we understand the relationships among space, capitalism, and politics.
Comparison of 2 pupil expansion devices for small-pupil cataract surgery.

We compared the degree of postoperative iris distortion with the diamond-shaped Malyugin ring and the circular Visitec I-Ring iris dilators using postoperative iris photographs in a patient with bilateral small nondilating pupils. Routine phacoemulsification was performed in the right eye with the assistance of a Malyugin ring for iris dilation. One month later, the same procedure was performed in the left eye using the circular ring for iris dilation. Anterior chamber slitlamp photographs were taken of both eyes. The amount of distortion in the postoperative pupils was calculated using the ratio of the postoperative pupil area to the area of the circle of best fit. The circular ring, constructed from a softer material, resulted in 11% distortion and the Malyugin ring, 49%, suggesting that the circular ring caused less trauma to the iris. Financial Disclosure None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Standardized Method for Determining the Effect of Various Antibiotics on Lactococcal Cultures

Antibiotic resistance of 44 lactic starter culture strains currently used by the dairy industry has been examined in Mueller- Hinton medium, supplemented with glucose (5 g/L) and yeast extract (5 g/L), by the agar disk diffusion assay. Results with various classes of antibiotics used to treat cattle mastitis indicated that lactococcal cultures should be diluted 20% and incubated at 30°C for 16 to 18 h in this medium for reliable results. The degree of antibiotic susceptibility was compared to standards established by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The procedure outlined in the present study is recommended as a routine method for testing antibiotic resistance of lactococci. This represents a more logical drug sensitivity approach than the use of noncheese starter bacteria to test for antibiotics in milk.
Exploring frustrated magnetism with artificial spin ice

Nanomagnet arrays known as artificial spin ice provide insight into the microscopic details of frustrated magnetism because, unlike natural frustrated magnets, the individual moments can be experimentally resolved and the lattice geometry can be easily tuned. Most studies of artificial spin ice focus on two lattice geometries, the square and the kagome lattices, due to their direct correspondence to natural spin ice materials such as Dy2Ti2O7. In this work, we review experiments on these more unusual lattice geometries and introduce a new type of nanomagnet array, artificial spin glass. Artificial spin glass is a two-dimensional array of nanomagnets with random locations and orientations and is designed to elucidate the more complex frustration found in spin glass materials.
Shining Light on Dark Politics: An Essay and Review

Max J. Skidmore considers the state of anti-poverty legislation and programs in the United States, as well as the general condition of American politics today. In the course of his essay, he reviews a number of relevant studies and describes the dark forces that are explicitly attacking programs that improve the lives of Americans. He discusses the imposition of “dark money” throughout the American political system that has replaced truth with lies and warped perceptions, and distorted the “will of the people.” Setting aside gentility and the natural tendency to want to avoid giving offense, he directs blame, and concludes that these “dark forces” have brought the country to a perilous position by having distorted and clouded “centrist” opinions. He demonstrates, nevertheless, that counterforces have emerged, and are becoming stronger. He recommends a course of action: citizens must become sensitive to “false equivalency” and other arguments that obscure reality. Moreover, however as counterintuitive as it appears, the dynamics of American politics demand a frankly partisan approach with straight-ticket voting.
Journals invite too few women to referee.

Jory Lerback and Brooks Hanson present an analysis that reveals evidence of gender bias in peer review for scholarly publications.
How right is left? Handedness modulates neural responses during morphosyntactic processing

Abstract Most neurocognitive models of language processing generally assume population-wide homogeneity in the neural mechanisms used during language comprehension, yet individual differences are known to influence these neural mechanisms. In this study, we focus on handedness as an individual difference hypothesized to affect language comprehension. Left-handers and right-handers with a left-handed blood relative, or familial sinistrals, are hypothesized to process language differently than right-handers with no left-handed relatives (Hancock and Bever, 2013; Ullman, 2004). Yet, left-handers are often excluded from neurocognitive language research, and familial sinistrality in right-handers is often not taken into account. In the current study we used event-related potentials to test morphosyntactic processing in three groups that differed in their handedness profiles: left-handers (LH), right-handers with a left-handed blood relative (RH FS+), and right-handers with no reported left-handed blood relative (RH FS−; both right-handed groups were previously tested by Tanner and Van Hell, 2014). Results indicated that the RH FS− group showed only P600 responses during morphosyntactic processing whereas the LH and RH FS+ groups showed biphasic N400-P600 patterns. N400s in LH and RH FS+ groups are consistent with theories that associate left-handedness (self or familial) with increased reliance on lexical/semantic mechanisms during language processing. Inspection of individual-level results illustrated that variability in RH FS- individuals’ morphosyntactic processing was remarkably low: most individuals were P600-dominant. In contrast, LH and RH FS+ individuals showed marked variability in brain responses, which was similar for both groups: half of individuals were N400-dominant and half were P600-dominant. Our findings have implications for neurocognitive models of language that have been largely formulated around data from only right-handers without accounting for familial sinistrality or including left-handers, and moreover highlight that there is systematic – and often ignored – variability in language processing outcomes in neurologically healthy populations.
Physician Attitudes toward the First Pediatric Appropriate Use Criteria and Engagement With Educational Intervention to Improve the Appropriateness of Outpatient Echocardiography

Background A survey of pediatric cardiologists who participated in the Pediatric Appropriate Use of Echocardiography study was conducted to assess attitudes toward appropriate use criteria (AUC) and the relationship between perceptions of usefulness of a multifaceted educational intervention (EI) and the appropriateness of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Methods Self-reported helpfulness and impact of a four-component EI (feedback of personal appropriateness data before EI, lecture, self-assignment of AUC indications, and monthly feedback) was surveyed. Physicians' perceptions were correlated with measured changes in appropriateness after EI by center. Results Responses were obtained from 54 of 89 physicians (61%; 52% general cardiologists, 24% imaging specialists), and most (72%) felt that AUC were helpful in health care cost reduction. More physicians with ≤10 years of experience self-reported ordering TTE less often because of AUC ( P = .04). Subspecialty did not influence TTE ordering practice. Centers whose physicians had higher rates of reading the document had higher appropriateness. A change in practice following EI was self-reported by 31 of 54 respondents (57%). All components of EI were felt to be helpful. Helpfulness and self-reported impact of each EI component tracked together ( r = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.16–0.85; P = .01) but varied among centers. Centers with higher perceived practice impact of EI overall had greater changes in measured appropriateness after EI. Conclusions AUC were perceived to be useful by a majority of pediatric cardiologists surveyed. Centers with a positive attitude toward AUC and higher engagement with EI had higher actual appropriateness of TTE orders. Improving physicians' attitudes toward AUC and EI may improve outpatient TTE utilization.
Genetic Predisposition to Breast Cancer Due to Mutations Other Than BRCA1 and BRCA2 Founder Alleles Among Ashkenazi Jewish Women.

Importance Among Ashkenazi Jewish women, 3 mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 severely increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. However, among Ashkenazi Jewish patients with breast cancer who do not carry one of these founder mutations, the likelihood of carrying another pathogenic mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 or another breast cancer gene is not known. This information would be valuable to the patient and family for cancer prevention and treatment. Objective To determine the frequency of cancer-predisposing mutations other than the BRCA1 and BRCA2 founder alleles among patients of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry with breast cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants In this cohort study, genomic DNA of women from 12 major cancer centers with a first diagnosis of invasive breast cancer who identified themselves and all 4 grandparents as Ashkenazi Jewish and participated in the New York Breast Cancer Study (NYBCS) from 1996 to 2000 was sequenced for known and candidate breast cancer genes. Data analysis was performed from July 10, 2014, to March 10, 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Genomic DNA from all 1007 NYBCS probands was sequenced for 23 known and candidate breast cancer genes using BROCA, a targeted multiplexed gene panel. Results Of the 1007 probands in the study, 903 probands had no founder mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 ; of these probands, 7 (0.8%) carried another pathogenic mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 , and 31 (3.4%) carried a pathogenic mutation in another breast cancer gene (29 in CHEK2 , and 1 each in BRIP1 and NBN ). Of all inherited predispositions to breast cancer in the NYBCS, 73.8% (104 of 142) were due to a BRCA1 or BRCA2 founder allele, 4.9% (7 of 142) to another BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, and 21.8% (31 of 142) to a mutation in another gene. Overall, 14.1% (142 of 1007) of Ashkenazi Jewish patients with breast cancer in the NYBCS carried a germline mutation responsible for their disease: 11.0% (111 of 1007) in BRCA1 or BRCA2 , and 3.1% (31 of 1007) in CHEK2 or another breast cancer gene. Of the 111 patients with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, 57 (51.4%) had a mother or sister with breast or ovarian cancer and 54 patients (48.6%) did not. Conclusions and Relevance Comprehensive sequencing would provide complete relevant genetic information for Ashkenazi Jewish patients with breast cancer.
A portable strategy for preserving web applications functionality

The value of research data not only resides in its content, but in how it is made available to users. Research data is often presented interactively through a web application, the design of which is often the result of years of work by researchers. Therefore, preserving the data and the application's functionalities becomes equally important. However, preserving web applications, which are commonly deployed within shared and changing technology infrastructures, presents challenges to the reproducibility and portability of the application across technology platforms over time. We propose a functional preservation strategy to decouple web applications and their corresponding data from their hosting environments. The strategy allows re-launching the applications in more portable, simplified environments without compromising their interactive features, and it allows reusing the data in other technical and functional contexts. The strategy fits well with the evolving nature of digital preservation and with the requirements for data reuse. We demonstrate this approach and its evaluation using the Speech Presentation in Homeric Epic digital humanities project.
Recurrent Instability After Arthroscopic Bankart Reconstruction: A Systematic Review of Surgical Technical Factors

Purpose Recurrent instability remains of concern after arthroscopic Bankart reconstruction. We evaluated various technical factors including anchor design, anchor material, number of anchors used, and interval closure on risk of recurrent instability after arthroscopic Bankart reconstruction. Methods A systematic review of MEDLINE and Cochrane databases was conducted, following PRISMA guidelines. Extracted data were recorded on a standardized form. Methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used to assess study quality and risk bias. Because of study heterogeneity and low levels of evidence, meta-analysis was not possible. Pooled weighted means were calculated and individual study evaluation and comparisons (qualitative analysis) were performed for systematic review. Results Of 2097 studies identified, 26 met criteria for systematic review. Pooled weighted means revealed 11.4% versus 15% recurrent instability with 3 or more suture anchors versus fewer than 3 anchors, 10.1% versus 7.8% with absorbable versus nonabsorbable suture anchors, respectively, and 8.0% versus 9.4% with knotless versus standard anchors, respectively. Interval closure did not qualitatively decrease recurrent instability or decrease range of motion. Conclusions Our systematic review reveals that despite individual study, and previous systematic reviews pointing to the contrary, the composite contemporary published literature would support no difference in the risk of recurrent instability after arthroscopic Bankart reconstruction with rotator interval closure, differing numbers of anchors used for the repair, use of knotless versus standard anchors, or use of bioabsorbable versus nonabsorbable anchors. We recommend surgeons focus on factors that have been shown to modify the risk factors after arthroscopic Bankart reconstruction, such as patient selection. Level of Evidence Level IV, systematic review of Level III and IV studies.
Analysis and Design of Interface for a Bio-Inspired Underwater Vehicle (BUV): Toward an Optimized Blend of Knowledge-driven and Intuitive Control:

The supervisory control of unmanned vehicles is likely to be an important form of next-generation human-machine interaction. Although the effective design of control interface is critical for high-...
A practical method for prevention of readmission for symptomatic hyponatremia following transsphenoidal surgery

Patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (TSS) are at risk for several serious complications, including the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone and subsequent hyponatremia. In this study, we examined the effect of 1 week of post-discharge fluid restriction to 1.0 L daily on rates of post-operative readmission for hyponatremia. We retrospectively analyzed all patients undergoing TSS from 2008 to 2014 and prospectively recorded patient data from 2015 to 2017. Patients were divided into a control cohort (2008–2014), who were discharged with instructions to drink to thirst; and an intervention cohort (2015–2017) who were instructed to drink less than 1.0 L daily for 1 week post-operatively. This study included 788 patients; 585 (74.2%) in the control cohort and 203 (25.8%) in the intervention cohort. Overall, 436 (55.3%) were women, the median age was 47 (range 15–89), and average BMI was 29.4 kg/m2 (range 17.7–101.7). Patients were relatively well matched. Of patients in the intervention group, none was readmitted for hyponatremia (0/203), compared to 3.41% (20/585) in the control group (p = 0.003). Patients in the intervention group also had significantly higher post-operative week one sodium levels (140.1 vs 137.5 mEq/L; p = 0.002). No fluid balance complications occurred in patients who followed this protocol. Hyponatremia can be a life-threatening complication of TSS, and prevention of readmission for hyponatremia can help improve patient safety and decrease costs. Mandatory post-discharge fluid restriction is a simple and inexpensive intervention associated with decreased rates of readmission for hyponatremia and normal post-operative sodium levels.
Building a Tribal-Academic Partnership to Address PTSD, Substance Misuse, and HIV Among American Indian Women.

Objectives. To describe our partnership and research infrastructure development strategies and discuss steps in developing a culturally grounded framework to obtain data and identify a trauma-infor...
Building School Connectedness for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders

Designing and implementing effective interventions for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) continues to challenge teachers. School connectedness is an emerging construct that is ...
Infections of Prosthetic Heart Valves and Cardiac Pacemakers

Prosthetic valve endocarditis may be considered present when two fo the following criteria are met: (1) two or more blood cultures are positive with the same organism in the absence of extracardiac infections, (2) evidence of bacterial endocarditis by histology or cultures is obtained from surgical or autopsy specimens, and/or (3) a clinical picture compatible with endocarditis (fever, new or changing regurgitant murmur, splenomegaly, hematuria, or evidence of peripheral emboli) is present. The overall incidence of PVE ranges from 0.98 to 4.4 per cent. Early and late PVE (that is endocarditis developing less than 60 and 60 or more days following valve implantation, respectively) accounts for 18 to 36 per cent and 64 to 82 per cent of infections, respectively. The overall mortality is 53 per cent and is higher in patients with early versus late PVE. Coagulase-negative staphylococci are responsible for a higher percentage of early (43 per cent) than late (28 per cent) infections. Streptococci are more common in late (27 per cent) than in early (3 per cent) PVE, while diphtheroids are most common in early PVE. The diagnosis of PVE may be difficult to establish, especially in patients with postoperative bacteremias who have other potential sources of extracardiac infections. Antimicrobial therapy is generally based on the susceptibility of the offending pathogen. With respect to the use of synergistic combinations, results are controversial, and most available data are derived from patients with native-valve endocarditis. Surgery remains an important aspect of treatment, and the mortality among patients who undergo early surgical intervention, particularly if their illness is complicated, is less than in those who are treated only with antibiotics. Indications for surgery include: (1) moderate-severe refractory congestive heart failure, (2) persistent bacteremia or fungemia, (3) multiple emboli, (4) myocardial abscesses, (5) relapsing PVE, and possibly (6) patients with clinical evidence of PVE and negative blood cultures and persistent fever despite 1 week or more of appropriate antibiotics. Pacemaker infections occur in less than 6 per cent of patients who undergo pacemaker insertion. These infections generally result from wound contamination at the time of surgery, and 75 per cent of infections are due to staphylococci. Staphylococcus aureus causes most infections occurring within 2 weeks after surgery, while S. epidermidis causes most later infections. The need to remove infected pacemakers is controversial.
Ultrasonic Characterization of Interfaces

Interfaces formed by the joining of solids usually appear as interphases with properties different from those of the parent materials. The ultrasonic method is the most suitable method for nondestructive characterization of interphase microstructure and elastic properties, which are related to mechanical properties of the interface. This paper reviews modeling and results of ultrasonic characterization of imperfect interfaces between solids and characterization of interface degradation in adhesive joints and composites.
Twelve Properties of Mesoscopic Folds

For the present purpose it is necessary to be able to describe some of the essential features in the total aspect, or style, of any group of folds. The properties used in this work to characterize the styles of Trollheimen’s folds are discussed here in order to avoid introducing them at various points within the presentation of the strain facies. This is, in effect, a chapter on the fold terminology used throughout this book.
Polychlorinated Biphenyl Presence in the Columbia River Corridor

The U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) is required by Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 regulations to develop a conceptual understanding of potential contaminant releases from the Hanford Site based on an evaluation of existing data and known historical practices. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one environmental contaminant potentially released through leaks, spills, or disposal. This document presents a summary of selected relevant existing information, including environmental studies and Hanford Site analytical data.
What drives public transit organizations in the United States to adapt to extreme weather events

Extreme weather events often disrupt the operation of public transit systems, and challenge the capacity of transit agencies to effectively respond to them. In this paper, we draw upon a recent nationwide survey of 273 public transit agencies in metropolitan regions across the United States to understand the factors that influence their scope of adaptation to anticipated climate risks. We find that a transit agency undertakes more adaptation measures when transit officials perceive greater risks and greater adaptive capacity of the agency, or when it experiences more severe extreme weather events. We also show that local institutional environment, in particular, political ideology, affects the scope of transit adaptation activities. Transit agencies that operate in more politically liberal counties tend to engage in more adaptation actions, while the effect of state-level ideology depends on the level of perceived influence from state governments.
Real World Utilization of Computed Tomography Derived Fractional Flow Reserve: Single Center Experience in the United States.

Abstract Background Fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography (FFRct) has shown higher accuracy for detection of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). The performance of a combined comprehensive qualitative interpretation of both CCTA and FFRct in patient management is unknown. We aimed to explore the clinical application of this combined approach. Methods We retrospectively reviewed cases referred to FFRct testing at our institution over a one-year period. Patients had documentation of whether invasive coronary angiography (ICA) was performed and revascularization were needed. Interpretations and recommendations of the adopted comprehensive approach (C-FFRct), that took into account focal versus diffuse disease, depth of ischemia and myocardium at risk, were compared to those of CCTA (binary > 50% stenosis) alone and FFRct binary approach (FFRct ≤ 0.8). C-FFRct performance was measured against the decision made upon revascularization. Results A total of 207 cases were referred to FFRct testing, 163 (79%) accepted and 44 (21%) rejected for quality. C-FFRct changed interpretations and recommendations of 39 (24%) and 14 (9%) CCTA and FFRct, respectively. ICA was deferred in 32 (59%) and 13 (32%) cases; whereas ICA referral rate was 7 (6%) and 1 (0.8%) cases, based on CCTA and FFRct, respectively. No major cardiac events were observed during follow up time (median = 6 months). C-FFRct sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy compared to decision upon revascularization were 89%, 79% and 82%. C-FFRct number needed to treat was 4, and 6, compared to CCTA and FFRct, respectively. Conclusion FFRct is a feasible tool to improve the diagnostic performance of CCTA in CAD real-world workup. However, qualitative interpretation of the FFRct report combined with CCTA findings may yield more impactful results on patient management. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate the application of this approach and better define its components.
Structural Characterization of Glycosaminoglycan Carbohydrates Using Ultraviolet Photodissociation

Structural characterization of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by mass spectrometry has long been a formidable analytical challenge owing to their high structural variability and the propensity for sulfate decomposition upon activation with low-energy ion activation methods. While derivatization and complexation workflows have aimed to generate informative spectra using low-energy ion activation methods, alternative ion activation methods present the opportunity to obtain informative spectra from native GAG structures. Both electron- and photon-based activation methods, including electron detachment dissociation (EDD), negative electron transfer dissociation (NETD), and extreme ultraviolet photon activation, have been explored previously to overcome the limitations associated with low-energy activation methods for GAGs and other sulfated oligosaccharides. Further, implementation of such methods on high-resolution mass spectrometers has aided the interpretation of the complex spectra generated. Here, we explore ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) implemented on an Orbitrap mass spectrometer as another option for structural characterization of GAGs. UVPD spectra for both dermatan and heparan sulfate structures display extensive fragmentation including both glycosidic and cross-ring cleavages with the extent of sulfate retention comparable to that observed by EDD and NETD. In addition, the relatively short activation time of UVPD makes it promising for higher throughput analysis of GAGs in complex mixtures.
The Influence of Oceanic Barrier Layers on Tropical Cyclone Intensity as Determined through Idealized, Coupled Numerical Simulations

AbstractThe connection relating upper-ocean salinity stratification in the form of oceanic barrier layers to tropical cyclone (TC) intensification is investigated in this study. Previous works disa...
Comparing grasshopper (Orthoptera: Acrididae) communities on tallgrass prairie reconstructions and remnants in Missouri

Tallgrass prairies, which once occupied a large swath of central North America, face the combined challenges of habitat loss and fragmentation. In Missouri, where less than 1% the historical prairie remains, prairies are being reconstructed from agricultural or wooded land. Invertebrates are often assumed to colonise reconstructions if native vegetation returns; however, the limited mobility of many invertebrates, the isolation of many tallgrass remnants, and the difficulty in establishing prairie plants raise serious questions as to whether invertebrate communities on reconstructed prairies are and will be equivalent to those found on remnant prairies. Grasshoppers (Acrididae) display a range of dispersal capabilities and may be valuable for assessing the success of prairie restoration for invertebrates. Our first objective was to compare grasshopper communities on reconstructed and remnant prairies and, if differences existed, identify species or functional groups associated with each habitat type. The second objective was to evaluate the effect of time because prairie reconstruction on grasshopper communities to determine if communities on reconstructions are converging with communities on remnants. Our results suggest that prairie reconstructions in Missouri do not support the same communities of grasshoppers as prairie remnants. Grasshopper diversity was generally greater on remnants. Many species had not colonised nearby reconstructions. Communities on prairie reconstructions were characterised by a few long‐winged, generalist species that are typically successful in agroecosystems. Further investigation into the habitat disparities driving low grasshopper diversity on reconstructions could help restore the grasshopper community of reconstructions.
Correlates of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination and Association with HPV-16 and HPV-18 DNA Detection in Young Women

Abstract Background: Despite a reduction in the prevalence of vaccine-preventable types of human papillomavirus (HPV), attributed to increased HPV vaccine uptake, HPV continues to be a major cause ...
Detection and quantification of transition metal leaching in metal affinity chromatography with hydroxynaphthol blue

Abstract The widespread use of immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC) for fast and efficient purification of recombinant proteins has brought potentially toxic transition elements into common laboratory usage. However, there are few studies on the leaching of metal from the affinity resin, such as nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA), with possible deleterious impact on the biological activity. This is of particular importance when reducing or chelating eluants stronger than imidazole are used. We present a detailed study of hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) as an indicator of several divalent metal cations, but with emphasis on Ni2+, clarifying and correcting many errors and ambiguities in the older literature on this dye compound. The assay is simple and sensitive and many metals, notably Ni2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Fe2+, Co2+, and Al3+, can be readily detected and quantified at concentrations down to 15–50 nM (1–5 ppb) at neutral pH and in most commonly used buffers using spectroscopic equipment available in typical biochemistry research labs. Using this method, we show that significant amounts of Ni2+ (up to 20 mM) are co-purified with a target protein (cytochrome bc1 complex) when histidine is used to elute from Ni-NTA resin.
Jones Matrix Calibration and determination of the precision of Terahertz Time-domain Polarimetry based on spinning E-O sampling technique

We have developed a terahertz polarimetry system by applying frequency modulation to electro-optic detection. A hollow-shaft motor rotates the detector crystal and the modulated signal is measured by a lock-in-type reading instrument. We characterize the precision of this system to be approximately 1.3 degrees. Furthermore, we calculate the Jones matrix of the optical components to calibrate the systematic error induced by them.
Evaluation of a Rapid Fungal Detection Panel for Identification of Candidemia at an Academic Medical Center.

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to assess the utility of the T2Candida panel across an academic health center and identify potential areas for diagnostic optimization. A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with a T2Candida panel and mycolytic/fungal (myco/f lytic) blood culture collected simultaneously during hospitalizations from February 2017 to March 2018. The primary outcome of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the panel compared to myco/f lytic blood culture. Secondary outcomes included Candida species isolated from culture or detected on the panel, source of infection, days of therapy (DOT) of antifungals in patients with discordant results, and overall antifungal DOT/1,000 patient days. A total of 433 paired T2Candida panel and myco/f lytic blood cultures were identified. The pretest likelihood of candidemia was 4.4%. The sensitivity and specificity were 64.7% and 95.6%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 40.7% and 98.5%, respectively. There were 16 patients with T2Candida panel positive and myco/f lytic blood culture negative results, while 6 patients had T2Candida panel negative and myco/f blood culture positive results. The overall antifungal DOT/1,000 patient days was improved after implementation of the T2Candida panel; however, the use of micafungin continued to decline after the panel was removed. We found that the T2Candida panel is a highly specific diagnostic tool; however, the sensitivity and positive predictive value may be lower than previously reported when employed in clinical practice. Clinicians should use this panel as an adjunct to blood cultures when making a definitive diagnosis of candidemia.
Phase II study of nanoliposomal irinotecan (nal-IRI) with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/folinic acid (FA) in refractory advanced high-grade neuroendocrine cancer (HG-NEC) of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) or unknown origin.

TPS636Background: The incidence of GEP HG-NEC is increasing and the prognosis is poor. Etoposide–platinum (EP) combination is considered the standard (std) therapy (Rx), but survival is less than 1...
Anthropometric Studies in Nebraska

(1900). Anthropometric Studies in Nebraska. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 53-66.