cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen interactions with SIMOX

Nuclear-reaction profiling was used to examine the reactions of H/sub 2/ with SIMOX (separation by implanted oxygen) structures in the temperature range 500-1000 degrees C, and strong H binding within the buried SiO/sub 2/ layer was observed. These trapping reactions are significant both for their potentially beneficial passivation of electrically active centers and for the indication they provide of defect densities. In separation studies of H in thermal oxides on Si, the authors have quantitatively characterized the interactions of H with Si and O dangling bonds in the SiO/sub 2/ matrix and at the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface, thereby providing a prediction capability that is believed applicable to SIMOX. >
Interviewing Witnesses: Forced Confabulation and Confirmatory Feedback Increase False Memories

In two experiments, adults who witnessed a videotaped event subsequently engaged in face-to-face interviews during which they were forced to confabulate information about the events they had seen. The interviewer selectively reinforced some of the participants' confabulated responses by providing confirmatory feedback (e.g., "Yes, ______ is the correct answer") and provided neutral (uninformative) feedback for the remaining confabulated responses (e.g., "O.K_____". One week later participants developed false memories for the events they had earlier confabulated knowingly. However confirmatory feedback increased false memory for forcibly confabulated events, increased confidence in those false memories, and increased the likelihood that participants wouldfreely report the confabulated events 1 to 2 months later The results illustrate the powerful role of social-motivational factors in promoting the development offalse memories.
Lattice Boltzmann solutions of the three-dimensional planetary geostrophic equations

We use the lattice Boltzmann method as the basis for a three-dimensional, numerical ocean circulation model in a rectangular basin. The fundamental dynamical variables are the populations of mass- and buoyancy-particles with prescribed discrete velocities. The particles obey collision rules that correspond, on the macroscopic scale, to planetary geostrophic dynamics. The advantages of the model are simplicity, stability, and massively parallel construction. By the special nature of its construction, the lattice Boltzmann model resolves upwelling boundary layers and unsteady convection. Solutions of the model show many of the features predicted by ocean circulation theories.
Making Ourselves Useful: Crossing Academic and Social Boundaries

This article explores the professional and attitudinal boundaries that render much of our academic knowledge largely irrelevant to all but the members of each specific discipline. It further acknowledges the power of such knowledge to reinforce inequalities between teachers and learners. As a remedy, it proposes that the international medical aid agency Doctors Without Borders may be seen as an example of the potential for academics to cross or eliminate their own professional borders to generate knowledge useful in shaping a humane world.
Changes in ovarian norepinephrine synthesis throughout the follicular and luteal phases.

The aims of this study were 1) to determine norepinephrine (NE) synthesis in follicle-dominated and lutealdominated ovaries as compared to oviducts, and 2) to correlate NE synthesis with NE content and turnover rates. Rats were injected with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) on Day 28. Ovaries and oviducts were removed during the follicular (Days 28-30) and luteal (Days 31-40) phases and incubated for 2 h with [3 H] tyrosine. Tritiated and endogenous NE were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Ovarian NE synthesis from [3 H] tyrosine was reduced by more than 50% within 24 h after PMSG injection, with a second 50% reduction on Day 30, concomitant with the endogenous gonadotropin surge. The lowest NE synthesis (15% of control values) was observed in the luteinized ovary on Day 33. Ovarian NE synthesis from [3 H] L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) was similar in control and PMSG-injected rats on selected days during the follicular and luteal phases. Oviductal NE synthesis decreased after PMSG injection, but was similar to control values during the luteal phase. Ovarian NE content was modestly reduced between Days 30 and 35, whereas oviductal NE content was not altered. After an injection of alpha-methylp-tyrosine on Day 33, ovarian and oviductal NE content decreased exponentially over a period of 10 h. The NE turnover rates were similar in control and PMSG-injected rats in both tissues. The following conclusions were reached: 1) Circulating gonadotropins appear to suppress ovarian NE synthesis during the follicular phase. 2) The low NE synthesis by the luteinized ovary is consistent with previous reports that follicles, but not corpora lutea (CL), contain catecholamine elements. 3) The site of regulation of NE biosynthesis appears to be tyrosine hydroxylase. 4) The newly synthesized NE may represent a pool that is selectively regulated, as compared to the total NE content.
The Emerging Role of Big Data in Key Development Issues: Opportunities, Challenges, and Concerns

This paper presents a review of academic literature, policy documents from government organizations and international agencies, and reports from industries and popular media on the trends in Big Data utilization in key development issues and its worthwhileness, usefulness, and relevance. By looking at Big Data deployment in a number of key economic sectors, it seeks to provide a better understanding of the opportunities and challenges of using it for addressing key issues facing the developing world. It reviews the uses of Big Data in agriculture and farming activities in developing countries to assess the capabilities required at various levels to benefit from Big Data. It also provides insights into how the current digital divide is associated with and facilitated by the pattern of Big Data diffusion and its effective use in key development areas. It also discusses the lessons that developing countries can learn from the utilization of Big Data in big corporations as well as in other activities in industrialized countries.
An Incremental Approach to Incorporating Case-based Learning into Pharmacy Curricula

This novel course sequence utilizes an incremental approach to incorporate student-centered, case-based learning in a pharmacy curriculum. This 3-course sequence is horizontally integrated with an 11-course, integrated pharmacotherapeutics lecture sequence. The incremental design of this case-based course sequence follows an apprenticeship model of medical education of “see one, do one, teach one.” The first course, “see one,” introduces the entire class to pharmaceutical problem solving by examples from a faculty practitioner. The second course, “do one,” utilizes a classical, small group (5–7 students) case-based learning model to develop students’ knowledge and advance their approach to pharmaceutical problems. The final course in the sequence, “teach one,” facilitates the development of students into self-reliant practitioners by having them complete and present cases individually. This incremental approach takes advantage of the positive attributes of case-based learning while minimizing the negative attributes.
DynaTable: a Wiki extension for structured data

DynaTable is an extension for the MediaWiki software that provides support for structured data. While tables and lists are popular features in many wikis, they are currently unsupported as first-class entities. As a consequence, creating and editing tables is a manual, error-prone task. DynaTable allows wiki editors to create tables that can be displayed on and transcluded to multiple wiki pages, and can be partially displayed based on different criteria.
NETWORK PERFORMANCE IMPACTS ON OPERATORS IN SAFETY-CRITICAL SYSTEMS

Safety-critical wide area networks are comprised of human and technical elements cooperatively performing tasks in a safety-critical setting. In such settings, both human and technical dimensions are critical in performance evaluation. It is the relationships between changes in network performance and their impacts on human operator performance with safety-critical wide area networks that we investigate in this research. The paper begins by examining the theoretical background for this research, and then describes the research model. It was found that decreases in network reliability were associated with expected degradations in operator satisfaction, operator confidence, and increases in operator workload. Likewise, it was found that an increased number of network tasks processed was associated with a decrease in operator accuracy and decreased operator communication. The results of this study suggest that understanding the impact of the network performance on human performance is important in safety-critical settings employing wide-area networks.
Reproductive senescence and dynamic oviposition behaviour in insects

We explore the relationship between clutch size behaviour and the likelihood of egg limitation in insects with parasitoid-like life histories. We compare the incidence of egg limitation in insects that produce clutch sizes consistent with maximizing fitness per host (i.e. the ‘single host maximum’, or Lack clutch size) with insects exhibiting two types of dynamic behaviour. In the first case, insects produce clutch sizes according to a rule that specifies a negative relationship between egg complement and clutch size; in the second case, clutch size is determined by both egg complement and the host encounter rate using a dynamic state-variable model. The analyses are an extension of models presented by Rosenheim (1996), which predicted a strong positive relationship between the risk of egg limitation and the host encounter rate in the absence of dynamic oviposition behaviour. Our results are consistent with Rosenheim's, but they show that dynamic behaviour can greatly reduce th e risk of egg limitation and weaken the relationship between the host encounter rate and egg limitation.
Natural Products and Diabetes Treatment

Many natural products are promoted to improve the health status of patients with diabetes by people making a profit on these products. Few of these claims have any scientific basis. Certain natural products are potentially damaging to patients with chronic diseases, especially if the products are used instead of proven scientific treatment regimens. Many individuals believe that if a product is natural it must be effective and safe. What is ironic is that if the products were safe and effective, and if studies would have been done on humans to prove safety and effectiveness, the sales of the products would greatly increase (as opposed to present limited sales as herbs from health food stores). Some of the products do have a beneficial effect, especially as a placebo if the patient believes that the product is going to work. As can be seen from the summary of products that are listed here that claim to improve the treatment of patients with diabetes, very few are available in a standard form that would produce a known positive effect. The few products that do have a mild impact on lowering blood glucose levels are much less effective than standard treatments. In a recent review of the role of plant-derived drugs and herbal medicines in healthcare, no natural products were listed as having a beneficial effect on diabetes. Diabetes care providers need to confront the issue of the use of natural products with their patients. Patients should be taught the importance of using proven, effective treatment regimens. Any patient who decides to use a natural product should be followed closely to make sure that no toxic effects occur and that treatment objectives are achieved.
Confidence limits on fossil ranges that account for facies changes

A drawback to most existing methods of calculating confidence limits on fossil ranges is their assumption that the probability of collecting a taxon through a stratigraphic section is constant. Marshall (1997) described an approach that would circumvent this problem, but it requires knowing the probability of collection as a function of stratigraphic position. Multivariate paleoecological methods, such as detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), offer a means of estimating these probabilities. DCA axis 1 sample scores can be used to quantify facies change through a stratigraphic section, and to calculate the probability of collection of a taxon relative to DCA axis 1. From these two, the probability of collection of each taxon can be estimated for each horizon in the measured section. This approach is applied here to the Upper Ordovician Kope Formation of the Cincinnati, Ohio, area to distinguish between disappearances of taxa that are driven by facies change and taxon rarity and those that represent true regional extinction. This new approach to confidence limits could also be applied to test the synchroneity of extinction or origination at large-scale turnover events, such as mass extinctions and the turnover pulses that bound episodes of faunal stasis.
In the Belly of the Beast

Having raised a number of questions in the three preceding chapters, I am now going to try solving them. I do not think I will solve them com­pletely, but, then, neither has anyone else. My strategy might impress the reader as unusual. Instead of looking at the whole hierarchy from the outside, I will attempt to look at it from the inside. We will consider the situation of a person within a large hierarchy.
Modeling the Neurologic and Cognitive Effects of Hyponatremia

Acute hyponatremia causes swelling of brain cells and, if of a sufficient degree, increased intracranial pressure. This is a consequence of the relative impermeability of the blood-brain barrier to sodium ions[1][1]; this principle underlies the clinical utility of hypertonic NaCl infusion in the
Liver Fats and Glycogen of Hypophysectomized Rats on High Carbohydrate and High Fat Diets.

SummaryOn a high fat diet the glycogen content of the liver was originally lower than on a high carbohydrate diet, but it did not disappear so rapidly from the liver. Hypophysectomized rats had less liver fat and more body fat than controls on the same caloric intake of a given diet. They showed the same conserving action of the fat diet on glycogen. The molecular weight of the liver fatty acids of the control rats on a high carbohydrate diet was significantly lower than those of the 3 other groups.
Immune competence of germ-free rats. I. Increased responsiveness to transplantation and other antigens.

SummaryThe ability of GF rats to generate sensitivity responses has been compared to that of isogeneic CV rats. It was demonstrated that GF rats reject skin allografts more rapidly than do similar CV rats. In vitro correlates of delayed- and immediate-type sensitivity are produced more rapidly and in greater strength to transplantation antigens. Increased responsiveness was also demonstrated to H and O antigens of E. coli and to sheep erythrocytes. This occurs because a larger proportion of the immunologically competent cells of the GF animal's smaller immune system responds to an antigenic challenge.We suggest, although we have not proven, that this may be due to increased ability to process antigen.
Evaluation of Haptic Modules for Training in Undergraduate Mechanics

This article reports the evaluation results of the software modules we are developing to augment teaching and learning in standard required undergraduate engineering mechanics courses. Using these modules, students can change parameters, predict answers, compare outcomes, interact with animations, and “feel” the results using a force feedback joystick. The overall system aims to increase teaching and learning effectiveness by rendering the concepts compelling, fun, and engaging. Three software modules in Dynamics were evaluated by a sample of the target population, 40 undergraduate engineering students who were enrolled in a sophomore-level Dynamics course during the evaluation. Students showed significant preference in that the modules would increase their interest in Dynamics subject and their engagement in the Dynamics course that they were enrolled at the time of the evaluation. Evaluation results also showed significant difference in preference in that the modules would improve students’ both conceptual understanding of the Dynamics subjects and problem-solving skills. Tactile learners believed that the modules would improve their conceptual understanding of Dynamics subjects more than the visual learners. 97.5% of the students were willing to use the software again in the future. 92.5% of the students believed that the incorporation of this software to the instruction of Dynamics would be beneficial to their learning.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Abstract 2205: Identification of transcript abundance difference at lung cancer and COPD risk genes in normal bronchial epithelial cells

Background: Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are leading causes of morbidity and mortality both in the United States and worldwide. Inhalation of cigarette smoke is the primary known and preventable cause but only 10-15% of heavy smokers develop these diseases. This suggests that cigarette smoke exposure interacts with inherited susceptibility factors to determine risk. There is urgent need to identify heritable susceptibility factors that explain the majority of lung cancer and COPD risk. In prior studies, we and/or others have observed large inter-individual variation in normal bronchial epithelial cell (NBEC) expression of antioxidant, DNA repair, and cell regeneration control genes and altered regulation in NBEC of subjects with lung cancer or COPD. We collected normal bronchial epithelial cell (NBEC) samples from over 500 subjects with or demographically at risk for lung cancer. In this pilot study, we assessed total expression of multiple putative risk genes in NBEC samples from 78 subjects. Methods: A targeted competitive multiplex next generation sequencing (NGS) method (Blomquist et al, PLOS one 2013) was used to quantify transcript abundance at 70 marker sites among 33 target genes in NBEC total RNA from 78 subjects (18 cancer cases and 60 non-cancer controls). Approximately half of the cancer group (N = 10) and non-cancer group (N = 30) had COPD (FEV1/FVC Results: TP73 was expressed higher and XRCC1 and MUC5B lower in cancer. GSTP1, MUC5B, OGG1, and TP73 were expressed at significantly higher level in COPD vs control by t-test in non-cancer group. Conclusions: This study of 78 subjects provides evidence for transcript abundance difference in selected genes with high prior likelihood for contributing to lung cancer and COPD risk. Those genes will be the focus of additional studies in BEC samples from over 500 subjects with or at risk for lung cancer and/or COPD in effort to further optimize current tests for lung cancer and COPD risk. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Jiyoun Yeo, Xiaolu Zhang, Erin Crawford, James Willey. Identification of transcript abundance difference at lung cancer and COPD risk genes in normal bronchial epithelial cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 2205. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-2205
Chapter 26 – Growth Hormone

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the various aspects of growth hormone (GH). GH, which primarily exerts its somatotropic and metabolic effects by stimulating production of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I), initiates a wide range of cellular effects. The production of GH and IGF-I and the important interplay of these two proteins are quite complex and are altered in individuals with renal insufficiency. The alterations in the GH/IGF-I axis seen in renal failure can lead to profound effects. In children with renal disease, GH and IGF-I abnormalities may result in impaired linear growth, decreased muscle mass, decreased bone mass, impaired neurocognitive development, and disordered plasma lipids. In adults with renal insufficiency, GH and IGF-I abnormalities have also been identified and may lead to decreased muscle mass, decreased bone mass, altered plasma lipids, and altered metabolism. Exogenous recombinant human GH (rGH) therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) who have growth failure. The benefit of rGH therapy for the other GH/IFGF-I-mediated clinical problems seen in CKD is not proven, but some of these may become important indicators in the future.
RNA and Proteins: Mutual Respect

Proteins and RNA are often found in ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs), where they function in cellular processes to synthesize proteins (the ribosome), chemically modify RNAs (small nucleolar RNPs), splice pre-mRNAs (the spliceosome), and, on a larger scale, sequester RNAs, degrade them, or process them (P bodies, Cajal bodies, and nucleoli). Each RNA-protein interaction is a story in itself, as both molecules can change conformation, compete for binding sites, and regulate cellular functions. Recent studies of Xist long non-coding RNP, the U4/5/6 tri-small nuclear RNP complex, and an activated state of a spliceosome reveal new features of RNA interactions with proteins, and, although their stories are incomplete, they are already fascinating.
Fast and Highly Scalable Bayesian MDP on a GPU Platform

By employing the Optimal Bayesian Robust (OBR) policy, Bayesian Markov Decision Process (BMDP) can be used to solve the Gene Regulatory Network (GRN) control problem. However, due to the "curse of dimensionality", the data storage limitation hinders the practical applicability of the BMDP. To overcome this impediment, we propose a novel Duplex Sparse Storage (DSS) scheme in this paper, and develop a BMDP solver with the DSS scheme on a heterogeneous GPU-based platform. The simulation results demonstrate that our approach achieves a 5x reduction in memory utilization with a 2.4% "decision difference" and an average speedup of 4.1x compared to the full matrix based storage scheme. Additionally, we present the tradeoff between the runtime and result accuracy for our DSS techniques versus the full matrix approach. We also compare our results with the well known Compressed Sparse Row (CSR) approach for reducing memory utilization, and discuss the benefits of DSS over CSR.
Passive 3 rd order delta-sigma ADC with VCO-based quantizer

A passive delta-sigma ADC with a voltage-controlled-oscillator (VCO) quantizer is presented. By employing the VCO quantizer, a single-bit quantizer is replaced with a multi-bit quantizer while an extra order of noise-shaping was provided. The proposed architecture does not need very large capacitors as compared to the conventional passive delta-sigma ADC. Furthermore, it also does not require external dynamic element (DEM) matching, because the VCO has an inherent DEM. Since there is attenuation in the passive integrators, the input signal range to the VCO is small and within the linear range of the VCO, therefore the nonlinearity of the VCO does not matter. Both conventional second order passive delta-sigma and the proposed structure has been simulated for comparison. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed structure.
Crossroads of Freedom: Slaves and Freed People in Bahia, Brazil, 1870–1910 by Walter Fraga

Fraga, Walter. Crossroads of Freedom: Slaves and Freed People in Bahia, Brazil, 1870–1910 . Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016. Review by Michael Shane Powers.
C–FSCV: Compressive Fast-Scan Cyclic Voltammetry for Brain Dopamine Recording

This paper presents a novel compressive sensing framework for recording brain dopamine levels with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) at a carbon-fiber microelectrode. Termed compressive FSCV (C–FSCV), this approach compressively samples the measured total current in each FSCV scan and performs basic FSCV processing steps, e.g., background current averaging and subtraction, directly with compressed measurements. The resulting background-subtracted faradaic currents, which are shown to have a block-sparse representation in the discrete cosine transform domain, are next reconstructed from their compressively sampled counterparts with the block sparse Bayesian learning algorithm. Using a previously recorded dopamine dataset, consisting of electrically evoked signals recorded in the dorsal striatum of an anesthetized rat, the C–FSCV framework is shown to be efficacious in compressing and reconstructing brain dopamine dynamics and associated voltammograms with high fidelity (correlation coefficient, ${r}>0.97$ ), while achieving compression ratio, CR , values as high as ~ 5. Moreover, using another set of dopamine data recorded 5 minutes after administration of amphetamine (AMPH) to an ambulatory rat, C–FSCV once again compresses ( CR = 5) and reconstructs the temporal pattern of dopamine release with high fidelity ( ${r} >0.99$ ), leading to a true-positive rate of 96.4% in detecting AMPH-induced dopamine transients.
Gestational Diabetes: Underpinning Principles, Surveillance, and Management

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance resulting in hyperglycemia with onset during pregnancy. The article aims to provide clinicians with a working framework to minimize maternal and neonatal morbidity. Landmark historical and recent data are reviewed and presented to provide clinicians with a quick, easy reference for recognition and management of GDM. Data presented tie in insights with underlying pathophysiologic processes leading to GDM. Screening and diagnostic thresholds are discussed along with management upon diagnosis. Good clinical practice regarding screening, diagnosis, and management of GDM effectively reduces risk and improves outcomes of women and fetuses in affected pregnancies.
Assessing for violence during pregnancy using a systematic approach.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a systematic, multiple assessment protocol could increase reporting of prenatal violence compared with a one-time routine assessment. Method: In 1994, the Maternity Care Coordination (MCC) program in a health department prenatal clinic in North Carolina implemented a concise, systematic assessment protocol on all 384 women who enrolled in the program from April 1994 to April 1995. The protocol assessed for violence at three times during pregnancy using the direct question, “Have you been hit, slapped, kicked, or hurt during this pregnancy?” To determine the effectiveness of the system, we retrospectively examined the 1991–1993 MCC records (n = 1056) in which the care coordinators routinely screened all clients for violence at their first visit only. Results: Compared with the routine assessment approach, the new systematic assessment protocol increased reporting of prenatal violence at the initial prenatal visit from 6.3% to 10.9% (relative risk = 1.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.2, 2.5), and the multiple assessments increased reporting of prenatal violence to 14.1% (relative risk = 2.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.6, 3.1). Conclusions: Our study suggests that a concise and systematic screening technique using direct questions combined with multiple assessments increased reporting of prenatal violence compared with a single routine assessment.
ADJUVANT PROPERTIES IN HUMAN DIALYSABLE LEUKOCYTE EXTRACTS (DLE) CONTAINING TRANSFER FACTOR

Publisher Summary This chapter describes adjuvant properties in human dialysable leukocyte extracts (DLE) containing transfer factor. In a study described in the chapter, human DLE were prepared, and 0.1 ml derived from 5 × 10 5 lymphocytes was injected subcutaneously into the right lateral thorax or foot pad of Lewis rats and Hartley guinea pigs. Minimum essential medium for suspension cultures (MEM) was injected contralaterally as a control. At 24 h, the regional and contralateral lymph nodes were excised, stripped of fat, and weighed. The nodes were fixed and subsequently examined by light microscopy. Percent cortical area was calculated using planimetry, and the rate of lymphocyte entry was evaluated using the lymphocyte migration index (LMI), calculated as the number of migrating lymphocytes in the wall of a high endothelial venule (HEV) divided by the number of endothelial cells in that crosssection. Guinea pigs were injected with killed antigen derived from Francisella tularensis alone or combined with DLE or MEM. Morphological observations in DLE-draining lymph nodes included planimetric evidence of deep cortical expansion, distension of intermediary sinuses with small lymphocytes, activation of sinusoidal macrophages, and focal mast-cell degranulation.
Patient Selection for Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Observation Trials: Are the Lesions Truly Low Risk?

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to report on a study conducted to determine whether the lesions in patients with what is deemed to be low-risk ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) selected for...
Half a century of anesthesia for children: An interview with Dr. Nishan G. 'Nick' Goudsouzian.

The career of Dr Nishan Goudsouzian spanned half a century of pediatric anesthesia. His 50 years saw seminal contributions to the use of neuromuscular blocking agents in children, the development of proton beam therapy and magnetic resonance imaging for pediatric cancer, the introduction of the laryngeal mask airway, an explosion in the volume and depth of knowledge about pediatric anesthesia, the expansion of formal training in pediatric anesthesia, and the widening of academic efforts to improve anesthetic care for children worldwide. Based on interviews with Dr Goudsouzian, this article reviews the contributions of this Robert M. Smith Award winner to the development of pediatric anesthesia.
Optimal Distribution Feeder Reconfiguration with Distributed Generation Using Intelligent Techniques

Feeder reconfiguration is performed by changing the open/close status of switches. Primary distribution networks contain two types of switches, known as tie switches (normally open) and sectionalizing switches (normally closed). These switches are designed for both protection and configuration purposes. A whole feeder or part of a feeder may be served from another feeder by closing a tie switch linking the two while an appropriate sectionalizing switch must be opened to maintain the radial structure of the system. In this paper the problem is formulated as a multi-objective problem considering four objectives related to minimization of the system power loss, minimization of the deviations of the nodes voltage, minimization of branch current violation and minimization of feeder's currents imbalance. Since these objectives are different and difficult to be solved by the conventional approaches that may optimize only a single objective. A new approach, based on the Differential Evolution algorithm (DE), is presented, allowing the topological and electrical constraints to be satisfied. DE is a well-known and uncomplicated population based probabilistic approach for comprehensive optimization. This paper also aims to include the effects of Distributor Generators (DGs) outputs. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated using two different test systems, 16 and 33-bus distribution network having three substations and one substation respectively. The proposed algorithm is also compared to some alternative methods such as Genetic Algorithm.
Effect of carbon nanotube morphology on properties in thermoplastic elastomer composites for strain sensors

Abstract Electrically conductive thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites with carbon nanofillers have potential applications in strain sensors. However, it is challenging to simultaneously achieve low percolation threshold, good electrical conductivity and high strain sensitivity especially in melt-mixed TPU-carbon filler nanocomposites. Here, we report on using branched carbon nanotubes known as carbon nanostructures (CNS) in melt-mixed TPU composites. These composites have an electrical percolation threshold (ΦC) of 0.82 wt%, whereas when using multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT) the ΦC is 3.02 wt%. Based on linear fitting, the TPU nanocomposite with 2 wt% CNS shows gauge factors of 15, 30 and 58 for strain levels of 0–44%, 45–73% and 74–100%, respectively, by comparison with the 5 wt% CNT nanocomposite, which exhibits a gauge factor of 18 for strain 0–100%. These composites show potential strain-sensing applications in detection of joint bending and muscle exercise. This study reveals the effects of CNT morphology on polymer composite properties, enhancing the understanding of structure-property relationship for polymer nanocomposites.
Wireless Power Transfer Coil Design for Transmitter and Receiver LCC Compensation based on Time-Weighted Average Efficiency

The impact of changing inner diameter of wireless power transfer (WPT) coils on coupling coefficient is studied and it is demonstrated that at a certain outer and inner coil diameter, turn space variation has minor effect on the coupling coefficient. Next, two compensations networks that offer constant output voltage and zero voltage switching for WPT are presented. Eventually, by defining a time-weighted average transfer efficiency (TWATE), and based on measured values of resistance and inductance of a WPT prototype and experimental charging curve of a Li-ion battery, a design procedure for both compensation networks is proposed. The proposed design leads to high TWATE as well as low material usage.
Gender Disparity in Industry Relationships With Academic Interventional Radiology Physicians.

OBJECTIVE. Industry relationships drive technologic innovation in interventional radiology and offer opportunities for professional growth. Women are underrepresented in interventional radiology de...
CHAPTER 1 – The Foundations of Algebra

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the foundations of algebra, including the real number system, real number line, polynomials, factorizations, rational expressions, integer exponents, rational exponents and radicals, and complex numbers. The chapter discusses the concepts of symbols and vocabulary of sets, the twelve axioms of a field, and the four properties of equality. The chapter further discusses the representation of real numbers geometrically on a number line and the concept of absolute value and properties. It also provides an overview of polynomials. The definition of an algebraic expression, evaluation of an expression, definition of an exponent, definition of monomial and of polynomial as the sum of monomials, degree of a monomial and polynomial, properties of real numbers applied to polynomials, and operations of addition and multiplication with polynomials are also presented in the chapter.
Gender differences in prevalence of myocardial infarction in rural West Texans

Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Incidence rates of myocardial infarction (MI) in rural West Texas signify a lack of effective, risk-specific prevention programs. The purpose of this study was to identify gender-specific risk factors for MI in rural West Texans. Hospital patient data for those with and without a history of MI were obtained from the Project FRONTIER database for rural West Texas counties. We used statistical software, such as SPSS, R, and WinBUGS to detect and understand the nature of MI risk factors. Statistical methods including t-tests, Chi-squared, logistic regression, and a Bayesian approach were utilized to analyze data. MI significant risk factors obtained for females were systolic blood pressure (p = 0.002), diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.004), pulse (p = 0.015), and smoking (p = 0.002). For males, these were glucose (p = 0.022), age (p = 0.050), body fat (p = 0.034), and smoking (p = 0.017). The mean risk parameter followed a normal distribution, while the precision parameter depicted skew for both sexes. Gender-specific differences in MI risk factors exist, and incorporating such variables can guide relevant policymaking to reduce MI incidence in rural West Texans.
Pulsed microwave heating method for preparation of dye-sensitized solar cells for greener, faster, cheaper production of photovoltaic materials.

Microwave heating methods are very popular for developing chemical syntheses that are achieved much more rapidly or with less solvent than via conventional heating methods. Their application to solar cell development has been primarily in developing improvements in the synthesis of dyes and curing of polymer substrates, but not in assisting the photoanode construction of dye-sensitized solar cells. Microwave heating of conducting substrates can lead to arcing of electricity in the reactor, which in turn, can lead to extensive degradation or complete destruction of the photoanode. Here we present our work in applying a pulsed microwave heating method that affords quicker dye deposition times in comparison to conventional heating (μw 40 min, conventional 60 min) with similar dye concentrations as characterized by UV-Vis absorbance, contact angle measurements, and cyclic voltammetry. Our photoanodes are constructed with anatase TiO2 cured onto FTO glass, and deposition of the N719 ruthenium dye either directly to the TiO2 layer or through amide bond formation to a silane layer that has been deposited on the TiO2 layer. Modest improvements in the solar energy conversion efficiency are shown through the microwave method in comparison to conventional heating (μw 0.78% vs. conventional 0.25% reported by K. Szpakolski, et. Al. Polyhedron, 2013, 52, 719-732.)
Conclusions to Part IV

This chapter briefly summarizes key points of Part IV of this book with a focus on human groups, sociality, and the need for belonging, as well as the ways in which humans send signals of acceptance or rejection to each other.
Symbiotic Hybrid Neural Network Watchdog For Outlier Detection

Neural networks are largely black boxes. A neural network trained to classify fruit may classify a picture of a giraffe as a banana. A neural network watchdog's job is to identify such inputs, allowing a classifier to disregard such data. We investigate whether the watchdog should be separate from the neural network or symbiotically attached. We present empirical evidence that the symbiotic watchdog performs better than when the neural networks are disjoint.
A 20 μ W, 0.05mm 2 Duty-Cycled Resistor and Frequency-Locked-Loop-based Wheatstone Bridge Interface for Low Resistance Sensing Systems

The growing need for ubiquitous, ultra-low-power sensors has driven continuous advancement in low-power performance and energy efficiency for read-out circuits, with broad applications in environmental sensing of temperature/humidity [1,2] and barometric pressure [3]. In these sensor architectures, a Wheatstone bridge circuit provides balanced readout. While this approach is efficient for large sensor resistance $(5k \Omega - 500k \Omega)$, measuring small resistance $(\lt 1k \Omega)$ with low power consumption presents a fundamental challenge that is increasingly necessary for a growing class of sensors for strain [4] and force [5] in wearable devices and robotics.
Multidisciplinary team processes parallel natural disaster preparedness and response: A qualitative case study

Abstract Cross-disciplinary (multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, or transdisciplinary) teams are increasingly recognized as crucial alliances required for solving complex problems, particularly those attributable to natural disasters. Despite this recognition, there has been limited research examining the factors necessary for successful cross-disciplinary collaboration at the outset of a research initiative to address natural disaster preparedness and response. The purpose of this study was to explore the facilitators of and barriers to such collaboration through a case study of a multidisciplinary research initiative at an urban East Coast university in the United States. Using an applied qualitative approach, we conducted individual semi-structured interviews with initiative members to explore facilitators and barriers to natural disaster preparedness and response, and initiative members' attitudes, perceptions, and expectations regarding multidisciplinary collaboration. We identified several common themes across natural disaster preparedness and response efforts and multidisciplinary research collaborations, such as greater human and financial resources. Additionally, we identified several themes unique to perceptions of multidisciplinary research collaboration, such as the importance of clearly defined structures, and the needs of all parties being met. Findings may serve as a framework for multidisciplinary academic collaborations preparing for and responding to natural disasters, as well as multidisciplinary collaboration in general.
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Treatment of Dry and Water-Filled Microchannels *

Atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) interactions with complex, wet surfaces have applications in biotechnology, chemical conversion and environmental remediation. Water-filled micro-channels represent one such complex surface, which may occur in treating wet woven, porous or rough surfaces for decontamination. A fundamental understanding of plasma interactions with water-filled channels would enable development of more effective methods for treating those surfaces by, for example, matching the type of plasma source with the surface chacteristics. The surface may consist of both dry and wet (water-filled) channels. Plasma surface ionization waves (SIWs) interacting with these structures would likely be sensitive to the adjacency of wet and dry channels through polarization of the water-filled channels or by electric enhancement at the edges of the dry channels. In this presentation, we discuss results from a computational investigation of APP treatment of open (dry) and water-filled dielectric channels with sizes on the order of hundreds of microns. The goal is to quantify the consequences of the adjacency of such channels on the plasma propagation.
The Use of Forensic Accounting Experts in Tax Cases as Identified in Court Opinions

This paper presents the first comprehensive analysis of what judges have written about forensic accounting experts in federal and state court decisions. The earliest opinion was issued in 1982, but the majority of the cases (31 out of 40) were decided by federal and state courts during the decade from 2001 to 2010. This gives an indication of the emerging role of forensic accounting expert witnesses in tax cases. Understanding the past involvement of forensic accounting experts will assist taxpayers and their legal counsel in evaluating the need for forensic accounting expertise when disputes arise in the future. The results may be summarized as “80-80-80-80-80.” A tax issue was the primary reason for involving a forensic accounting expert in nearly 80% of the cases and 80% of the identified cases related to income tax disputes. The issues were of procedural or administrative nature in over 80% of the cases. The court proceedings were civil in more than 80% of the cases. More than 80% of the forensic accountants served as experts for the taxpayers or third parties. Judges evaluated about half of the forensic accountants’ performance as effective, which signals a potential for substantial improvement. The expert witnesses were not considered to be effective by the judge in the majority of the cases that were decided for the government. When a case was decided for the taxpayer, the expert testimony was always considered to be effective by the judge. The paper also provides insights into the underlying tax issues, the assignments performed by forensic accountants, reasons for ineffective testimony and favorable attributes of forensic accounting experts.
Heat shock and other apoptosis-related proteins as therapeutic targets in prostate cancer

Defects within apoptotic pathways have been implicated in prostate cancer (PCa) tumorigenesis, metastatic progression and treatment resistance. A hallmark of cancers is the ability to derail apoptosis by inhibiting the apoptotic signal, reducing the expression of apoptotic proteins and/or amplifying survival signals through increased production of antiapoptotic molecule. This review describes associations between heat shock proteins (HSPs) and the human androgen receptor (AR), the role of HSPs and other stress-induced proteins in PCa development and emerging strategies in targeting these protective proteins to treat PCa.
Guidelines for Designing Barrier-Free Facilities.

(1978). Guidelines for Designing Barrier-Free Facilities. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 49, Including Leisure Today, pp. 65-67.
Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinemia in neonates

Serial myoglobin determinations were made in 20 neonates during the first week of life to determine whether birth asphyxia results in ischemic damage to muscle with the subsequent pathologic release of myoglobin. Serum myoglobin values were significantly elevated in asphyxiated infants compared with control infants. High myoglobin values correlated with a longer duration of oliguria in the neonatal intensive care unit population. The value of urine dipstick testing for myoglobinuria screening was also evaluated. Infants with elevated myoglobin values were more likely to have a strongly positive urine dipstick for occult blood in the first 48 hours of life. These data suggest that ischemic damage to muscle with pathologic release of myoglobin occurs in the neonatal period and that urine dipstick testing provides a reasonable screening examination for myoglobinuria.
Time Management for System Administrators

Time is a precious commodity, especially if you're a system administrator. No other job pulls people in so many directions at once. Users interrupt you constantly with requests, preventing you from getting anything done. Your managers want you to get long-term projects done but flood you with requests for quick-fixes that prevent you from ever getting to those long-term projects. But the pressure is on you to produce and it only increases with time. What do you do? The answer is time management. And not just any time management theory--you want Time Management for System Administrators, to be exact. With keen insights into the challenges you face as a sys admin, bestselling author Thomas Limoncelli has put together a collection of tips and techniques that will help you cultivate the time management skills you need to flourish as a system administrator.Time Management for System Administrators understands that an Sys Admin often has competing goals: the concurrent responsibilities of working on large projects and taking care of a user's needs. That's why it focuses on strategies that help you work through daily tasks, yet still allow you to handle critical situations that inevitably arise.Among other skills, you'll learn how to:Manage interruptionsEliminate timewastersKeep an effective calendarDevelop routines for things that occur regularlyUse your brain only for what you're currently working onPrioritize based on customer expectationsDocument and automate processes for faster executionWhat's more, the book doesn't confine itself to just the work environment, either. It also offers tips on how to apply these time management tools to your social life. It's the first step to a more productive, happier you.