cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A reexamination of ATS 6 magnetometer data for radially polarized Pc 3 magnetic pulsations

The polarization of Pc 3 (22-100 MHz) magnetic pulsations measured by the ATS 6 fluxgate magnetometer at synchronous orbit has been examined by using dynamic autospectral analysis. In contrast to the result obtained by Arthur et al. (1977) using the same data set, very few cases of radially polarized Pc 3 pulsations are found. It is suggested that satellite noise in the radial component, which depends on frequency f as 0.015/f (nT-squared/Hz), is responsible for this disagreement. In the presence of this type of noise, diagonalization of the spectral matrix can produce an erroneous major axis of polarization. Most Pc 3 pulsations classified as radially polarized by Arthur et al. appear to be a consequence of small amplitude azimuthal pulsations contaminated by satellite noise.
Neuroscience-inspired inspired dynamic architectures

Neuroscience-inspired computational elements and architectures are one of the most popular ideas for replacing the von Neumann architecture. In this work, we propose a neuroscience-inspired dynamic architecture (NIDA) and discuss a method for automatically designing NIDA networks to accomplish tasks. We discuss the reasons we chose evolutionary optimization as the main design method and propose future directions for the work.
Sex‐specific alterations of cerebral cortical cell size in rats exposed prenatally to dioxin

Sex-specific patterns of cerebral cortical lateralization have been documented consistently in both the human and animal brain. Male rats tend to exhibit pronounced right hemisphere dominance compared with females, while females typically exhibit more diffuse lateralization patterns and greater left hemisphere bias compared with males. Prenatal TCDD (2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) exposure produces demasculinization of male offspring sexual behavior, suggesting interference with sexual differentiation of the brain. In previous studies, a reversal of cortical thickness patterns in rats was shown after prenatal TCDD exposure on gestational day 8 (GD 8). The current study, based on the same brain sections, attempted to define changes in the number of cortical cells and cell size distributions in brains of offspring from TCDD-treated dams. Pregnant females were given a single oral dose of 0 or 180 ng kg−1 TCDD on GD 8. Cell counts and sizes were determined in 3-month-old offspring. Areas 17 and 18a at bregma −3.8 were analysed using digitized, enhanced images of brain sections produced by a photomicroscope fitted with a high-resolution digital camera. Prenatal TCDD exposure altered the relative proportions of smaller and larger cell sizes in male, but not in female offspring. Both exposed males and females, however, exhibited a significant reversal of hemispheric dominance based on cell number. These findings demonstrate that prenatal exposure to TCDD alters the normal patterns of cortical cell asymmetry in a manner consistent with our previous data on thickness patterns. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Religion and attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide and terminal palliative care

We assess religious differences in attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide and terminal palliative care, and go further than previous research by attempting to explain these variations. Using data from the 1998 General Social Survey, we fit OLS regression models to estimate the main effects of religious affiliation and indirect effects via religious involvement (church attendance and strength of affiliation). Both conservative and moderate Protestants are generally less accepting of physician-assisted suicide and terminal palliative care than nonaffiliates. However, both relationships are at least partially explained by church attendance and/or strength of affiliation.
Transient signal propagation in lossless, isotropic plasmas

The asymptotic behavior of transient signal propagation in lossless, isotropic plasmas is discussed for a typical input signal of a step modulated sine wave. A generalized saddlepoint integration is carried out which gives a continuous solution for the dispersed signal everywhere except at the signal wavefront. The solution which is valid at the signal wavefront is obtained by using a high-frequency expansion technique. Universal curves are presented for the behavior of the distorted signal as a function of the plasma frequency, signal frequency, and propagation distance. The solution is a good approximation for the case of plasma propagation lengths which are long compared to a free space wavelength and for the operating frequency near the plasma frequency. This solution is useful since the available exact solutions for this case converge too slowly to be practically computed.
Absorption spectral slopes and slope ratios as indicators of molecular weight, source, and photobleaching of chromophoric dissolved organic matter

A new approach for parameterizing dissolved organic matter (DOM) ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra is presented. Two distinct spectral slope regions (275–295 nm and 350–400 nm) within log-transformed absorption spectra were used to compare DOM from contrasting water types, ranging from wetlands (Great Dismal Swamp and Suwannee River) to photobleached oceanic water (Atlantic Ocean). On the basis of DOM size-fractionation studies (ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography), the slope of the 275–295-nm region and the ratio of these slopes (SR; 275–295-nm slope : 350–400-nm slope) were related to DOM molecular weight (MW) and to photochemically induced shifts in MW. Dark aerobic microbial alteration of chromophoric DOM (CDOM) resulted in spectral slope changes opposite of those caused by photochemistry. Along an axial transect in the Delaware Estuary, large variations in SR were measured, probably due to mixing, photodegradation, and microbial alteration of CDOM as terrestrially derived DOM transited through the estuary. Further, SR varied by over a factor of 13 between DOM-rich wetland waters and Sargasso Sea surface waters. Currently, there is no consensus on a wavelength range for log-transformed absorption spectra. We propose that the 275–295-nm slope be routinely reported in future DOM studies, as it can be measured with high precision, it facilitates comparison among dissimilar water types including CDOM-rich wetland and CDOM-poor marine waters, and it appears to be a good proxy for DOM MW.
S-adenosylmethionine as an oxidant : the radical SAM superfamily

A recently discovered superfamily of enzymes function using chemically novel mechanisms, in which S -adenosylmethionine (SAM) serves as an oxidizing agent in DNA repair and the biosynthesis of vitamins, coenzymes and antibiotics. Members of this superfamily, the radical SAM enzymes, are related by the cysteine motif CxxxCxxC, which nucleates the [4Fe–4S] cluster found in each. A common thread in the novel chemistry of these proteins is the use of a strong reducing agent – a low-potential [4Fe–4S] 1+ cluster – to generate a powerful oxidizing agent, the 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical, from SAM. Recent results are beginning to determine the unique biochemistry for some of the radical SAM enzymes, for example, lysine 2,3 aminomutase, pyruvate formate lyase activase and biotin synthase.
TNF-α stimulates IL-8 and endothelin-1 expression in human endothelial cells

Abstract Background: Pro-inflammation cytokine TNF-α may contribute inflammation response and cause endothelial dysfunction, which may play an important role in atherogenesis. However, the mechanisms are largely unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of TNF-α on IL-8 and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression and their signal transduction pathways. Methods: Human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMECs) were treated with TNF-α in a dose dependent and a time course fashion. Northern blot analysis was used to determine IL-8 and ET-1 mRNA expression. GAPDH mRNA level was used for loading control. Role of redox status in TNF-α induced IL-8 and ET-1 was investigated with transfection of recombinant adenovirus expressing human superoxide dismutase (ad.SOD) or addition of exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Results: TNF-α at 50, 100, 200, and 400 U/ml significantly induced IL-8 mRNA expression by 3.06 ± 0.48, 3.52 ± 0.20, 3.11 ± 0.51, and 2.58 ± 0.36 fold, respectively, as compared to controls in HMECs (p
Aquatic invertebrate communities associated with purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria), cattail (Typha latifolia), and bulrush (Scirpus acutus) in central Washington, USA

Purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) is an invasive wetland perennial that is thought to threaten the ecological integrity of North American wetlands by forming monotypic stands and altering the diversity of native wetland ecosystems. To determine if purple loosestrife infestation alters aquatic invertebrate communities, the abundance and size distribution of aquatic invertebrates associated with purple loosestrife were quantified during the spring and summer and compared to those within stands of two other commonly occurring emergents, cattail (Typha latifolia) and bulrush (Scirpus acutus). Aquatic invertebrates representing 10 taxa (classes or orders) were collected using four different sampling techniques. Individuals from each taxa were collected in all three vegetation types, although the size of the individuals of some orders was smaller in Lythrum. Measurements of water quality indicated no significant (p<0.05) differences among the three vegetation types, despite the fact that Scirpus tended to be established in deeper water than Lythrum. Results indicate that monotypic stands of purple loosestrife are not lacking in aquatic invertebrates; however, because our study was conducted in a mixed vegetation wetland at an intermediate stage of purple loosestrife infestation, our findings may not be representative of more extreme purple loosestrife invasions.
Machine Learning and Algorithmic Trading: In Fixed Income Markets

Highlights the latest electronic trading trends in the Fixed Income markets. Specific focus on interest rates execution algorithms and price discovery.
Sub-millimeter wave spectroscopy of CHD 2 OH: a-type and asymmetry induced c-type transitions in the lowest three torsional sub-levels

Abstract The sub-millimeter wave (SMMW) spectral measurements using a fast scan backward wave oscillator based spectrometer have been carried out for asymmetrically deuterated methanol CHD2OH (Methanol-D2). Transition frequencies have an estimated uncertainty of about ±50 kHz. Albeit the complexity in the spectra, assignments were possible for a large number of a-type (ΔK = 0) transitions. In the course of the assignment process a strong c-type (ΔK = 1) Q-branch connecting two states of different symmetry species has been identified. This Q-branch assignment is significant because it is forbidden in the normal parent species CH3OH. It becomes allowed in the current species due to the effects of the asymmetry introduced by the off-axis deuterium in the hindering potential to the internal rotation in the molecule. The assignments are rigorously confirmed using combination relations which required the measurement of some other related lines. To our knowledge this is the first time such symmetry breaking transitions are reported in CHD2OH and in fact this is the first time the SMMW spectrum of CHD2OH is being reported. Detailed spectral study of this molecule in the IR and FIR regions is in progress and will be reported elsewhere. Detailed study of the identification optically pumped FIR laser line is underway.
EFFECT OF ECTOPARASITIC MITES ON SEXUAL SELECTION IN A SONORAN DESERT FRUIT FLY.

We conducted a field study and a laboratory experiment to test whether ectoparasitic mites, Macrocheles subbadius, generate parasite-mediated sexual selection in the Sonoran desert endemic fruit fly, Drosophila nigrospi- racula. Male flies gather on the outer surfaces of necrotic saguaro cacti where they engage in male-male competitive interactions and vigorous female-directed courtship. At these sites, operational sex ratios were significantly skewed toward males. The degree to which mites were aggregated among flies varied across the 25 fly populations sampled. The degree of mite aggregation across fly populations was strongly positively related to the mean number of mites per fly (intensity of infestation). Both the intensity and prevalence of infestation (fraction of flies infested) increased with the age of the cactus necrosis. Infested flies of both sexes were significantly less likely to be found in copula than uninfested flies, and mean intensity of infestation was significantly more pronounced in noncopulating than in copulating flies. The effect of attached mites on copulatory success exhibited dose-dependency, and this effect was more stringent in males: males or females with more than two and four mites, respectively, were never found in copula. The magnitude of parasite-mediated sexual selection was estimated for 12 fly populations by calculating selection differentials for each sex separately. The relation between intensity of infestation and magnitude of parasite- mediated sexual selection was stronger in males but significant for both sexes. We also assayed copulatory success of field-caught males in the laboratory, both during infestation and after experimental removal of mites. Males infested with two mites copulated less frequently than uninfested individuals, and in mating trials after mites had been removed, previously infested males copulated as many times as flies with no history of infestation. These findings, and the lack of difference in the number of mite-induced scars on copulating and single individuals in nature, strongly suggest that the reduced copulatory success of infested flies is attributable to an effect of mites per se, rather than to a character correlated with parasitism or previous parasite infestation.
Uncertainty Estimation of Wind Power Prediction Result Based on Wind Process Method

Taking wind farms actually operated in various areas of China as the object and the implementation of optimal uncertainty estimation of wind power prediction results as the goal,a wind process method-based approach to estimate the uncertainty of wind power prediction results is proposed and mathematical models for different wind processes are given.To effectively identify prediction errors of different characteristics,the prediction error data is divided by wind process method and power level division method.Adopting nonparametric regression method to fit probability density distribution of the error,a better fitting result is attained.The advancement of the proposed method is verified by actual wind farm data;and comparing the proposed estimation method with the estimation method based on normal distribution optimized fitting,the results show that the evaluation indices obtained by the proposed method are better than those from the latter.
Rehabilitation of asthmatic patients. Motivating your patients to improve their life-style.

PreviewIf patients with chronic lung disease are to achieve the best quality of life possible, they need their physician's help. Although it is ultimately up to patients to stick with an exercise program and to stop smoking, physicians have a very strong impact by providing motivation, support, and smoking cessation programs. In this article, Dr Wolf expands on the concept of rehabilitation and presents unresolved problems that asthmatic patients encounter.
The Topology of the Possible

The classical framework of evolutionary change is based on two aspects of biological organization: phenotype and genotype. The notion of phenotype refers to the physical, organizational and behavioral expression of an organ ism during its lifetime. It emphasizes the systemic nature of biological organizations. The notion of genotype refers to a heritable repository of infor mation that instructs the production of molecules whose interactions, in conjunction with the environment, generate and maintain the phenotype.
A QUALITATIVE STUDY OF FACILITATORS AND BARRIERS RELATED TO COMPREHENSIVE AND INTEGRATED SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES

Recent studies indicate that the majority of school psychologists’ time continues to be dedicated to SPED related activities. Despite ongoing calls for school psychologists to expand their roles, why many practitioners do not deliver more comprehensive services is not well understood. This qualitative study investigated facilitators of and barriers to comprehensive and integrated services using the National Association of School Psychologists Model for Comprehensive and Integrated School Psychological Services as the guiding framework. Thirteen full-time, school-based practitioners from across the US participated in semi-structured interviews. Constant-comparative analysis was used to generate themes. Results indicated that practitioners experienced a number of systemic barriers to (e.g., heavy caseload; inconsistent district policies, priorities, and role definitions; lack of stakeholder involvement) and facilitators of (e.g., resources, graduate training and professional development) comprehensive and integrated service delivery. Participants’ perspectives regarding changes needed to expand their services focused on systemic issues as well. Implications for research and practitioners’ efforts to advocate for systems change are discussed.
Design of a transition mode controller for flyback converters

Flyback converters are widely used in consumer electronic products and other applications that require low cost isolated power supply with less than or around 200W output power. Transition Mode is one method to control the Flyback converters. This control method has the advantage of softswitching turn-on, which greatly reduces the turn-on loss. This paper discusses the design of a CMOS Transition Mode controller. Some major function blocks will be discussed in details. Simulation result verifies the correct functionality of the controller.
Rethinking Ethos: A Feminist Ecological Approach to Rhetoric, Kathleen J. Ryan, Nancy Myers, and Rebecca Jones: Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2016. 304 pages. $45.00 paperback

Rethinking Ethos extends feminist scholarship on ethos by reflecting the development in feminist philosophy from locational toward relational thinking. While the introduction extensively outlines L...
Abstract P64: The Safety and Efficacy of Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Severe Sepsis in the Medical Intensive Care Unit

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation is a common comorbid condition in patients with severe sepsis admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU). While anticoagulation is indicated for moderate to high-risk patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) to reduce risk of thromboembolic complications, its benefit in critically ill patients has not been determined. We conducted a study to assess the safety and efficacy of anticoagulation in AF patients with severe sepsis. Methods: A retrospective chart review of 115 patients with AF admitted from February 2004 to February 2009 with a primary diagnosis of sepsis to a teaching community-based hospital was conducted. Medical records were reviewed to confirm AF, determine stroke risk factors (CHAD2) and documented contraindications for anticoagulation. The primary endpoints included stroke and anticoagulation-related bleeding complications before hospital discharge. Results: Amongst 115 patients (mean age 81yrs ± 9.5 and CHAD2 3.17 ± 1.20), the majority of patients 71.3% (82/115) did not receive anticoagulation with a supratherapeutic admission INR>3 being the most common reason for withholding anticoagulation. None of the patients in the non-anticoagulated group developed any embolic events. There was no difference between the anticoagulated and the non-anticoagulated groups in the ICU and hospital length of stay 8.6 days ± 9.1 and 13.6 ± 11.3 vs 7.0 ± 6.7 and 15.6 ± 10.6. Anticoagulation-related complications occurred more often in the anticoagulation group (9.1% [3/33] vs 0%, p = 0.006): these included a nonfatal gastrointestinal bleed (1/33), fatal CNS hemorrhage (1/33), and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (1/33). In addition, a majority of the patients who received anticoagulation had a therapeutic range achieved in less than 50% of their ICU stay. The two groups had similar hospital survival (64.6% [53/82] for the non-anticoagulated group vs 78.8% [26/33] in the anticoagulated group, p= 0.14). Conclusion: The risk of thromboembolic complications from AF in patients with severe sepsis is exceedingly low and prophylaxis anticoagulation is not warranted. Moreover, a safe anticoagulation range in septic patients is difficult to achieve and is associated with increased risk of bleeding.
Persistent Pain and Neurosensory Disturbance After Dental Implant Surgery: Prevention and Treatment

Nerve trauma caused by dental implant placement is associated with altered sensation and chronic pain. Complete or partial loss of sensation is often reported by patients who have experienced nerve trauma during implant surgery. Some patients report persistent pain and neurosurgery disturbance long after the normal healing time has passed. In addition, neuropathic pain is reported after implant surgery. Practitioners who place dental implants must be familiar with the differential diagnosis, prevention, and management of neuropathic pain. This article provides insights into the prevention and management of neurosensory deficits and chronic persistent neuropathic pain and considerations for patient referral.
SEQSpark: A Complete Analysis Tool for Large-Scale Rare Variant Association Studies Using Whole-Genome and Exome Sequence Data.

Massively parallel sequencing technologies provide great opportunities for discovering rare susceptibility variants involved in complex disease etiology via large-scale imputation and exome and whole-genome sequence-based association studies. Due to modest effect sizes, large sample sizes of tens to hundreds of thousands of individuals are required for adequately powered studies. Current analytical tools are obsolete when it comes to handling these large datasets. To facilitate the analysis of large-scale sequence-based studies, we developed SEQSpark which implements parallel processing based on Spark to increase the speed and efficiency of performing data quality control, annotation, and association analysis. To demonstrate the versatility and speed of SEQSpark, we analyzed whole-genome sequence data from the UK10K, testing for associations with waist-to-hip ratios. The analysis, which was completed in 1.5 hr, included loading data, annotation, principal component analysis, and single variant and rare variant aggregate association analysis of >9 million variants. For rare variant aggregate analysis, an exome-wide significant association (p −6 ) was observed with CCDC62 (SKAT-O [p = 6.89 × 10 −7 ], combined multivariate collapsing [p = 1.48 × 10 −6 ], and burden of rare variants [p = 1.48 × 10 −6 ]). SEQSpark was also used to analyze 50,000 simulated exomes and it required 1.75 hr for the analysis of a quantitative trait using several rare variant aggregate association methods. Additionally, the performance of SEQSpark was compared to Variant Association Tools and PLINK/SEQ. SEQSpark was always faster and in some situations computation was reduced to a hundredth of the time. SEQSpark will empower large sequence-based epidemiological studies to quickly elucidate genetic variation involved in the etiology of complex traits.
Water Management and the Political Economy of Chaco Canyon During the Bonito Phase (ca. AD 850–1200)

Agricultural intensification is widely assumed by archaeologists to have been a catalytic factor in the development of social complexity in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, between ca. AD 850 and 1200. In this perspective, water control technology resulted in surplus food production which was controlled by elites to finance the construction of massive buildings (“great houses”). However, recent fieldwork and archival research has been unable to substantiate this view of technological innovation promoting surplus agricultural production. An alternative explanation for economic growth is social transactions involving labor rather than food.
The Relationship Between Interparental Conflict and Self‐Reported Grade Point Average Among College Students

Interparental conflict has been shown to have a negative effect on the academic success of children and adolescents. This study examined the relationship between college students' (N = 143) perceived levels of interparental conflict, their living arrangement, and their current self-reported grade point average. Participants who experienced more interparental conflict, specifically female students and those living away from home, reported a lower grade point average. Implications for college counselors are discussed.
Abstract 21372: Women Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Do Not Follow Any Recommended Guidelines for Breast Cancer Screening

Introduction: In the United States, 1 in 4 women dies of heart disease. Severe coronary artery disease is usually treated with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery to prolong a patient’s lif...
Is there an established hemoglobin target range for patients undergoing chronic dialysis

Anemia is a common complication of advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) remains a common approach in managing anemia of CKD. The 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Clinical Practice Guideline for Anemia in CKD suggests avoiding ESA therapy use to maintain Hb level above 11.5 g/dL. However, optimal Hb target range in adult patients undergoing chronic dialysis remains unknown. Clinical studies suggest risks associated with normalization of Hb levels in adult patients with CKD. In this article, we briefly review some of these studies and the concerns associated with higher Hb targets in this patient population. We also suggest a target Hb range for adult chronic dialysis patients receiving ESAs. It is currently undetermined if this target Hb range would apply to newer agents that are being studied for anemia management in this population.
On multi-nucleon stimulated decay of heavy hyperfragments

A computer program which simulates in a Monte Carlo fashion the single nucleon stimulated decay of heavy hypernuclei has been designed. Results on the two fast proton frequency confirm the results of Burteet al. 1 that multinucleon stimulation need not be invoked to explain the experimental results.
CLINICAL RATIONALE FOR TOOTH STABILIZATION AND SPLINTING

Tooth mobility can be a consequence of periodontal inflammation, attachment loss, and occlusal trauma. At times, this mobility may be tolerable, whereas at other times mobility may contribute to occlusal instability and/or patient discomfort. This article describes the clinical rationale for and the effects of splinting mobile teeth.
Managing Open Innovation

OVERVIEW:Industrial innovation is becoming more open, requiring changes in how firms manage innovation. External sources of knowledge become more prominent, while external channels to market also offer greater promise. This complicates the evaluation of early-stage technology projects, which often involve significant technical and market uncertainty. In such circumstances, companies need to “play poker” as well as chess. Measurement errors (false positives, false negatives) are likely to arise from judgments about the commercial potential of early-stage projects. Most companies' policies consciously limit “false positives” in assessing a project's commercial potential, but few companies take steps to manage the risk of “false negatives.” New metrics may help a firm focus more upon external sources of innovation to enhance its business model, and enable the firm to salvage value from false negatives that otherwise would be lost.
Unpacking Violent Contention: The Troubles in Northern Ireland, 1968–1972

This paper systematically describes the different types of political violence that occurred in Northern Ireland between 1968 and 1972, examining how they interacted and fueled each other. To measur...
Influenza – A new pathogen every year

Abstract Host-pathogen interactions drive the outcome of infection. The complex interplay of the host immune system with the pathogen immune evasion mechanisms holds the key to understand when, how and why exposure leads to infection and disease. Influenza virus is capable of recurrent infection in presence of pre-immunity. Traditionally focused on the pathogen virulence factors, the influenza research field has recently realized the relevance of the host status during influenza virus infection and vaccination. Longitudinal tracking of human vaccination or influenza infection cohorts unveiled the importance of both humoral and cellular immunity as well as the impact of past-infection. These findings highlight the importance of host–pathogen interaction to understand disease and for the development of new vaccines.
Why some choose the vegetarian option: Are all ethical motivations the same?

Many studies have demonstrated psychological differences between ethically motivated and health-motivated vegetarians. Adopting an ethical-health dichotomy in studying dietary motivation, however, may overlook meaningful variance between vegetarians motivated by different types of ethical concerns—namely, those related to animals and the environment. Through two preregistered studies, I compared dietary goal orientations, disgust toward meat, and dietary adherence between vegetarians motivated by animals, health, and the environment. In Study 1 (N = 361), I found that environmentally motivated vegetarians resembled animal-motivated vegetarians in construing their diets as a means of achieving more prosocial and moral, but less personal, goals than did health-motivated vegetarians. In Study 2 (N = 562), however, I found that environmentally motivated vegetarians resembled health-motivated vegetarians in reporting less disgust toward meat and lower dietary adherence than did animal-motivated vegetarians. Stronger feelings of disgust toward meat explained why animal-motivated vegetarians exhibited the most stringent dietary adherence. Distinguishing between various types of ethical motivation may reveal more nuanced insights into eating behavior.
Guidelines for mental health practice with clients who engage in sex work

Many mental health practitioners have had or will have the opportunity to work with clients who engage in sex work (CSW). Sex work stigma is pervasive in the general population, and among mental he...
Designing Intelligent Spaces as if They Were Human: A “Space Agent” Framework

The literature of communication theory suggests that people tend to interact with interactive artifacts as if these were human. For decades, this understanding has been applied to designing computer embedded devices at small physical scale (i.e. objects). In this paper, the authors extend this same understanding to the dimension of space—to designing intelligent, physical environments. The conceptual ground for this design intention is found in a “pattern language” developed by Alexander, et al. for designing static physical environments based on the “‘best guesses” of architects. Upon this foundation of a pattern language, the authors offer a design framework based on our novel concept of “space agency” whereby observed human-human interaction is translated into human-machine Interaction for spatial artifacts by way of two mapping techniques. Our intention is to strive for more human-human-like interactions between human beings and intelligent spaces whereby intelligent spaces become friendly, helpful, and welcoming. In this paper, the design of an interior space within a fully autonomous vehicle provides a case study. The framework presented here has significance for designing intelligent artifacts and interactions with them as these extend, inevitably, to the dimension of space, entertaining, serving, and augmenting our increasingly digital and human-centered society.
New Product Preannouncement: Phantom Products and the Osborne Effect

The mere preannouncement of a new product can affect consumer choice, thus complicating preannouncement strategy. This is because a preannounced product that is unavailable immediately can still be...
Nebulized Vasopressin for the Control of Hematemesis and Hemoptysis in a Child With Recurrent, Refractory Stage III Burkitt Lymphoma.

Background:Bleeding occurs with some regularity at the end of life. Patients often endure fatigue, weakness, pain, dyspnea and anxiety. These symptoms are magnified in visually apparent bleeds. Man...
The impact of operating the mobile barriers in Venice (MOSE) under climate change

Abstract A 2D hydrodynamic model has been applied to simulate the operations of the mobile barriers in Venice (MOSE) under climate change, and more specifically under rising sea levels. Three years have been simulated with varying sea levels to assess the impact on the number and length of the closings and the reduction to the water fluxes through the inlets due to the rising of the barriers. The uncertainty of the water level forecast is taken into account by using actual forecast data for the years 2000–2002. Sea level rise (SLR) is simulated in 10 cm increments from 0 (situation of today) to 200 cm. Results show that the barriers will be able to keep the water level below the safeguarding level of 110 cm nearly all of the time if SLR does not exceed 50 cm. However, with a SLR of 50 cm the barriers will be closed on average once a day, and with a SLR of 75 cm the lagoon will be on average more hours closed than open. The flux reduction at the inlets are quite moderate (10 % for a SLR of 50 cm). Finally, partial closures are shown to be ineffective for the flood defense of the city and only a complete closure will guarantee a noticeable reduction of the water levels in the lagoon.
Perceived versus Actual Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in College Students

ABSTRACTBackground: College wellness interventions have potential to reduce the growing burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by guiding students to establish behaviors for lifetime CVD risk reduc...
Peer Learning Through Multi-Institutional Case Conferences: Abdominal and Cardiothoracic Radiology Experience.

Rationale and Objectives We describe a model of multi-institutional, multisociety, online case conferences that is a case-based group discussion of selected (nonrandom) cases which are subsequently hosted on social media and online platforms (e.g., YouTube, websites) to be available for a wider audience. Materials and Methods Using online conferencing software (Zoom, GoToMeeting), participants from both abdominal and cardiothoracic radiologists engage in separate, subspecialty one-hour meetings discussing a variety of meaningful cases. Participants take turns presenting their cases to the group and discuss significant findings, interpretations, differential diagnoses, and any other teaching points. All of the case conferences for both societies are recorded and edited to be uploaded on YouTube and their respective websites. Results Participants from these conferences log in from 14 institutions in 7 states across the United States. The YouTube videos reach thousands of people around the world. The abdominal case conference on YouTube has received almost 1,300 views with 90 videos uploaded. The thoracic (the Society of Thoracic Radiology) case conference has been running for over 7 years, with 226 videos uploaded to YouTube and 38,200 views, 1426 subscribers, and a total watch time of over 525,800 minutes. Twitter has been utilized by both groups to promote online viewership. Conclusion Our model is feasible and effective compared to traditional peer review. The cases selected are deliberate and focused on quality improvement and/or education. We harness online engagement, specifically social media presence, which has opened new opportunities to educate our peers and reach a global audience, including the nonradiologic community, to learn about radiology and unique practices.
Water as Power: American Experts, Infrastructure Finance and the Spread of Private Property

This paper argues that the concept of water as a ‘resource’ enables an understanding of the spread of American technocratic expertise as deployed in the Indus basin. This development knowledge at the start of the post-colonial moment replaced the vacating empire of the Raj, with the emergence of Pakistan and India in 1947. The newly-minted World Bank, seeking credibility, became the vehicle for a large-scale, infrastructure-heavy, technocratic vision of water management and the development of dams in Pakistan, financed with international development assistance. Tying new nations to itself during the Cold War was critical to America and its development model focused on strengthening and expanding the reach of agricultural commodity markets in the largest contiguous irrigation network in the world – a system, that with the drawing of the boundary line, had been ripped asunder by the Partition award of a British civil servant. The Partition line that created the new states cut the irrigation canals from the precious source of their river waters. Into this calamity, America stepped in – to teach the new country what it knew from its development of the Tennessee Valley Authority and the marvel of the Imperial Valley of California. This work continues to the present with the Asian Development Bank becoming an additional conduit of international technical expertise and development finance. Using a critical natural resource enables us to understand the nature and pathways of the structural transformation taking place leading to an ever-expanding concept of the market and private property rights toward integration in global markets.
Beneficial Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Sacubitril-Valsartan in Patients with Low-Cardiac Output Including Significant Improvement in PAPi

Purpose PIONEER-HF established the safety of the angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), sacubitril-valsartan (S/V), in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure after achieving hemodynamic stability. We have previously shown that transitioning patients in cardiogenic shock directly from intravenous (IV) vasoactive (i.e. vasodilators or inotropes) drugs to S/V can be done safely with tolerance to one-month follow-up. Here we further characterize the hemodynamic impact of S/V after patients have been optimized on vasoactive therapy. Methods A single-center, retrospective analysis of all patients with HFrEF (EF Results Twenty-two patients with HFreF and cardiac index below 2.2 L/min/m2 were admitted to the CICU and newly initiated on S/V. Table 1a contains baseline characteristics and vasoactive therapy given. All patients were weaned off vasoactive medications prior to transfer out of CICU. Patients maintained their significant hemodynamic improvement on transition from IV to oral vasoactive therapy. There was an increase in Pulmonary Artery Pulsatility index (PAPi) with S/V therapy (Table 1b). Patients who did not tolerate ARNI initiation had lower filling pressures and systolic blood pressure compared to patients who tolerated ARNI initiation. Seventeen patients were discharged home on S/V, and 94% remained on S/V one-month in follow-up. Conclusion ICU patients can be successfully bridged from vasoactive IV therapy to oral S/V with sustained hemodynamic improvement garnered from vasoactive agents. We also observed improvement in PAPi with S/V compared to both admission and vasoactive therapy. These encouraging findings merit further prospective study.
Blending physics with artificial intelligence

For centuries, humans have discovered the physical laws that underpin our world. What if the next Einstein or Newton is not a human, but a machine? Machines that are physics-aware can transform a multitude of fields, poised to enable unexpected and meaningful feats in science and engineering. In this paper, we survey methods germane to the imaging sciences where we observe a very special convergence of a millennia of optical theories with decades of digital photos.
Capillary contact angle for the quartz-distilled water-normal decane interface at temperatures up to 200 °C

Abstract We present a new, capillary-based contact angle system capable of operation at elevated temperatures up to 200 °C and pressures of 69 bar. New data collected at the quartz/distilled water/n-decane interface from 25 °C to 200 °C indicate a strong temperature linear dependence (1.1° increase for every 5 °C) on the contact angle. This increase cannot be solely attributed to viscous forces influencing the dynamic contact angle, nor can it be sufficiently described by changes in the n-decane/distilled water interfacial tension. Changes to the liquid/solid adhesions also seem likely to be responsible for this temperature dependency. The experimental system will prove useful in fundamental wettability studies through porous media as a function of temperature and add depth to our understanding of enhanced oil recovery processes and interfacial phenomena as a whole. The data highlights the importance of temperature on the wetting behavior of relatively simple, homogeneous, and immiscible materials.
Personality and Body Mass Index in U.S. Military Veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study

The relationship between the “Big 5” personality dimensions and body mass index (BMI) were examined in a nationally representative sample (National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study) of male and female U.S. military veterans. Multivariable analyses were conducted to evaluate gender-specific associations between personality factors and BMI. Among male veterans, greater extraversion was associated with higher BMI, (β = 0.18), while lower conscientiousness (β = −0.18), agreeableness (β = −0.18), and emotional stability (β = −0.17) were associated with lower BMI. Among female veterans, only greater consciousness was associated with lower BMI. These associations were robust to effects of age, physical activity, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The “Big 5” personality dimensions are differentially associated with BMI in male and female veterans. While conscientiousness was associated with lower BMI in both male and female veterans, three additional personality dimensions were linked to BMI in male veterans. Implications of these findings for obesity management are discussed.
History of the Court Reporter in the Appellate Courts of Pennsylvania

This article reviews the history of the court reporter in the Pennsylvania appellate courts.
Disassembly of ETC Complexes Drives Macrophage Inflammatory Responses by Reprogramming Cellular Metabolism and Translation

Metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) to glycolysis is a key feature of inflammatory macrophages, but how the switch occurs and contributes to macrophage function is obscure. Here we show that stimulation of macrophages through Toll-like receptors (TLR) disrupts the assembly of mitochondrial electron transfer chain (ETC)complexes I-V, leading to the metabolic switch by inhibiting OxPhos and inducing glycolysis through HIF-1α. Disassembly of ETC complexes also rewires the macrophage transcriptome to induce translational reprogramming via mTORC1 and ATF4, promoting global translation, cell growth, and production of inflammatory cytokines independent of glycolysis. Inhibition of OxPhos via myeloid-specific knockout of OPA1, which stimulates ETC complex assembly, exacerbates sepsis in mice while inhibition of mTORC1 reverses this effect. These findings reveal that disassembly of ETC complexes underlies macrophage metabolic switch and inflammatory responses and may be a conserved pathway to reprogram cellular anabolism and function.
Radiographic and plantar pressure assessment of pes planovalgus severity in children with cerebral palsy.

Abstract Background Pes planovalgus is common in children with cerebral palsy. Although severity influences treatment, there still lacks standard clinical measurements to objectively quantify pes planovalgus in this population. The comparison of pedobarographic data and radiographic measurements to clinical evaluation has not been reported in this population. Methods 395 feet were identified from a population of ambulatory pediatric patients with cerebral palsy. Each patient initially underwent clinical evaluation by an experienced physical therapist who classified feet as: 136 controls, 116 mild, 100 moderate, and 43 severe pes planovalgus. Quantitative measurements were then calculated from antero-posterior and lateral radiographs of the foot. Pedobarographic analysis included the arch index, center of pressure index, and a newly defined medial index. Findings A multivariate analysis was performed on the radiographic and pedobarographic measurements collected. It identified seven variables that improved objective classification of pes planovalgus severity when utilized together. These include the foot progression angle, initial contact force, arch index, medial index, antero-posterior talonavicular coverage, lateral calcaneal pitch and lateral Meary's angle. While the lateral calcaneal pitch angle statistically differed amongst all severity classes, no pedobarographic value statistically differed between all severity classes. Interpretation Overall, the combination of radiographic and pedobarographic measurements provides valuable information for objectively classifying severity of pes planovalgus in children with cerebral palsy by utilizing these values together rather than independently. In a clinical setting, radiographs and pedobarographic data may be obtained to enhance assessment of severity and guide treatment.
The Lived Experiences of Caregivers of Children with Sickle Cell Disease: A Phenomenological Study

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) affects 100,000 Americans and one out of every 365 Black births. With a focused genogram and phenomenology, the intergenerational transmission of caregiving behaviors expe...
Evidence for interannual persistence of infectious influenza A viruses in Alaska wetlands.

Abstract Influenza A viruses (IAVs) deposited by wild birds into the environment may lead to sporadic mortality events and economically costly outbreaks among domestic birds. There is a paucity of information, however, regarding the persistence of infectious IAVs within the environment following deposition. In this investigation, we assessed the persistence of 12 IAVs that were present in cloacal and/or oropharyngeal swabs of naturally infected ducks. Infectivity of these IAVs was monitored over approximately one year with each virus tested in five water types: (1) distilled water held in the lab at 4 °C and (2–5) filtered surface water from each of four Alaska sites and maintained in the field at ambient temperature. By evaluating infectivity of IAVs in ovo following sample retrieval at four successive time points, we observed declines in IAV infectivity through time. Many viruses persisted for extended periods, as evidenced by ≥25% of IAVs remaining infectious in replicate samples for each treatment type through three sampling time points (144–155 days post-sample collection) and two viruses remaining viable in a single replicate sample each when tested upon collection at a fourth time point (361–377 days post-sample collection). The estimated probability of persistence of infectious IAVs in all five water types was estimated to be between 0.25 and 0.75 during days 50–200 post-sample collection as inferred through Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Our results provide evidence that IAVs may remain infectious for extended periods, up to or even exceeding one year, when maintained in surface waters under ambient temperatures. Therefore, wetlands may represent an important medium in which infectious IAVs may reside outside of a biotic reservoir.