cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of phase transformations on lateral heterogeneity and dynamics in Earth's mantle

Using a self-consistent computation of phase equilibria and physical properties, we determine isobaric velocity–temperature and velocity–density scalings as a function of depth, focusing on the upper 800 km. The scalings contain an isomorphic part due to the influence of temperature on the physical properties of individual phases, and a metamorphic part due to variation of phase abundances and compositions with temperature. We show that the contribution from phase transformations is comparable in magnitude to that of temperature alone, and has important consequences for mantle structure. Both scalings are highly non-linear functions of temperature and depth even in the elastic limit due to the influence of phase transitions: near sharp phase transitions seismic velocities become much more sensitive to temperature. We expect the magnitude of lateral variations in seismic velocity to vary rapidly with depth. This result has important implications for the interpretation of smoothed tomographic models, particularly in the upper 1000 km, and possibly the bottom few hundred km, where phase transformations have a large influence on the structure. It will be important to include the metamorphic contribution of the scalings in geodynamical studies relating seismic structure to thermal structure or the gravity field. We find that the combined phase buoyancy of transitions near 520 km depth is equal in magnitude to that of the olivine to wadsleyite transition and should be included in future dynamical studies. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Multipass seasonal adjustment filter

A state-space seasonal time series model and a new seasonal decomposition algorithm, based on the Kalman filter, are introduced. The time series model is statistically equivalent to the multiplicative seasonal model, ARIMA 0, 1, 10, 1, 1s, of Box and Jenkins. It is shown that the steady-state filter's forecasts of this model are identical to the Box and Jenkins' values. The seasonal adjustment and decomposition algorithm is based on a multipass filtering technique for back forecasting and smoothing in order to correct start-up transients and replace lost filter's estimates during the initialization phase. The in-sample performances of this multipass seasonal adjustment filter MSAF are compared with the Census X-11 procedure, using real time series. The empirical results clearly show the superiority of the proposed method for all time series in the study. Additionally, a sample from the Makridakis-Hibon's 111 time series is used for ex-post forecasting evaluation of the proposed method in comparison to the Winters and simple ratio-to-moving-average methods. It is observed that the MSAF forecasts are better than its competitors in most cases, especially when leadtimes are at least one season length.
Joint development normal to regional compression during flexural-flow folding: the Lilstock buttress anticline, Somerset, England

Alpine inversion in the Bristol Channel Basin includes reverse-reactivated normal faults with hanging wall buttress anticlines. At Lilstock Beach, joint sets in Lower Jurassic limestone beds cluster about the trend of the hinge of the Lilstock buttress anticline. In horizontal and gently north-dipping beds, J3 joints ( 295‐2858 strike) are rare, while other joint sets indicate an anticlockwise sequence of development. In the steeper south-dipping beds, J3 joints are the most frequent in the vicinity of the reverse-reactivated normal fault responsible for the anticline. The J3 joints strike parallel to the fold hinge, and their poles tilt to the south when bedding is restored to horizontal. This southward tilt aims at the direction of s1 for Alpine inversion. Finite-element analysis is used to explain the southward tilt of J3 joints that propagate under a local s3 in the direction of s1 for Alpine inversion. Tilted principal stresses are characteristic of limestone‐shale sequences that are sheared during parallel (flexural-flow) folding. Shear tractions on the dipping beds generate a tensile stress in the stiffer limestone beds even when remote principal stresses are compressive. This situation favors the paradoxical opening of joints in the direction of the regional maximum horizontal stress. We conclude that J3 joints propagated during the Alpine compression caused the growth of the Lilstock buttress anticline. q 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
Measurement of Accessory Motion: Critical Issues and Related Concepts

The term "manual therapy" has traditionally been associated with physical therapists who examine and treat patients who have disorders related to the musculoskeletal system. In addition to using instruments to collect patient data, these therapists use a large variety of manually applied examination procedures. Range-of-motion tests, manual muscle tests, neurological tests, and palpation tests are just a few of the categories of tests these therapists use as part of the clinical decision-making process. The major sources of error that can affect the usefulness of manually obtained measurements are discussed. The literature that provides the theoretical and clinical bases for the assessment of joint surface movement is thoroughly reviewed. Conclusions are made about what is currently known about the usefulness of accessory motion tests. Suggestions are made for future research needs in order to clarify and enhance the usefulness of accessory motion tests and other examination procedures used by manual therapists.
Towards Computational Flapping Wing Aerodynamics of Realistic Configurations using Spectral Difference Method

In this paper high-order high-fidelity simulations of unsteady flows over flapping wings are examined. The numerical framework for the present computational flapping wings analysis is based on the high-order spectral difference (SD) scheme and a mesh deformation algorithms. The resulting method is capable of performing accurate and efficient simulations for unsteady flows over unsteady moving surfaces. This is demonstrated through several numerical experiments with increasing complexity in geometries and flow physics. The problems being studied include three-dimensional flows over an Eppler61 airfoil over a range of angles of attack at transitional Reynolds number of 46, 000, and flows over an oscillating NACA0012 airfoil at Reynolds number of 40, 000. In both cases three-dimensional simulations of the two-dimensional airfoils have been carried out. The numerical solver is finally applied to perform a three-dimensional flapping wing simulation of flows over a semi-complex wing-body configuration.
Paranasal sinus radiology, Part 2A: Ethmoidal sinuses.

The clinician must have a high level of suspicion in order to detect ethmoidal sinus disease. Survey plain film radiographic examination may provide information about gross changes in ethmoidal sinus transparency and the sinus walls. Conventional tomographic study will often aid evaluation of the ethmoidal sinus walls which may be obscured by overlying structures on plain films. Computerized tomography adds a new dimension to ethmoidal sinus study. By revealing not only bone changes but soft-tissue abnormality as well, more complete understanding of the disease process is gained. Computerized tomography is particularly useful in evaluating orbital structural change due to ethmoidal sinus abnormality.
Guiding the Search for Native-like Protein Conformations with an Ab-initio Tree-based Exploration

In this paper we propose a robotics-inspired method to enhance sampling of native-like conformations when employing only aminoacid sequence information for a protein at hand. Computing such conformations, essential to associating structural and functional information with gene sequences, is challenging due to the high-dimensionality and the rugged energy surface of the protein conformational space. The contribution of this paper is a novel two-layered method to enhance the sampling of geometrically distinct low-energy conformations at a coarse-grained level of detail. The method grows a tree in conformational space reconciling two goals: (i) guiding the tree towards lower energies; and (ii) not oversampling geometrically similar conformations. Discretizations of the energy surface and a low-dimensional projection space are employed to select more often for expansion low-energy conformations in under-explored regions of the conformational space. The tree is expanded with low-energy conformations through a Metropolis Monte Carlo framework that uses a move set of physical fragment configurations. Testing on sequences of eight small-to-medium structurally diverse proteins shows that the method rapidly samples native-like conformations in a few hours on a single CPU. Analysis shows that computed conformations are good candidates for further detailed energetic refinements by larger studies in protein engineering and design.
Acute Infectious Pseudoaneurysm of the Descending Thoracic Aorta and Review of Infectious Aortitis

Thoracic aortic wall disruptions may occur secondary to trauma, surgical interventions, infection, or autoimmune or idiopathic inflammatory disorders. Such vessel wall disruption can lead to aortic dissections, aneurysm development, or more commonly, pseudoaneurysm (PSA) formation. Although aortic wall infections as an antecedent to mycotic aneurysms have been recognized since the 17th century, there has been a temporal evolution in the development of this disease. Prior to the antibiotic era they were commonly associated with endocarditis or syphilis. More recently, however, they are associated with infection of a damaged atherosclerotic area of the aorta and secondary hematogenous or contiguous seeding. We report the first case of the rapid development of a pseudoaneurysm in the descending thoracic aorta attributable to an infection of a contiguous esophageal duplication cyst by a diagnostic esophageal ultrasound (EUS) fine-needle aspiration. A literature review of mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms is also presented.
POSITRON ANNIHILATION AS A METHOD TO CHARACTERIZE POROUS MATERIALS

▪ Abstract Beam-based positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) is a powerful porosimetry technique with broad applicability in the characterization of nanoporous thin films, especially insulators. Pore sizes and distributions in the 0.3–30 nm range are nondestructively determined with only the implantation of low-energy positrons from a table-top beam. Depth-profiling with PAS has proven to be an ideal way to measure the interconnection length of pores, search for depth-dependent inhomogeneities or damage in the pore structure, and explore porosity hidden beneath dense layers or diffusion barriers. The capability of PAS is rapidly maturing as new intense positron beams around the globe spawn more accessible PAS facilities. After a short primer on the physics of positrons in insulators, the various probe techniques of PAS are briefly summarized, followed by a more detailed discussion of the wide range of nanoporous film parameters that PAS can characterize.
The Political Dilemmas of Formative Assessment

The literature base on using formative assessment for instructional and intervention decisions is formidable, but the history of the practice of formative assessment is spotty. Even with the pressures of high-stakes accountability, its definition is fuzzy, its adoption is inconsistent, and the prognosis for future use is questionable. A historical and organizational perspective explores plausible explanations for that inconsistency. These possible explanations include the standard literature in the research-to-practice gap and must also include the current policy environment surrounding educational accountability. A number of organizational and historical/cultural hypotheses suggest potential limits of structured formative assessment. From several perspectives, the practical question that may shape the future of special education is the identity of individuals at the school level who are responsible for coordinating the collection of formative-assessment data, for analysis, and for responses to the data.
A differential response of the rodent adrenal gland to acute starvation.

SummaryThe response of the adrenal gland to comparable degrees of acute starvation differs markedly in the rat and guinea pig. The guinea pig: adrenal displays absolute hypertrophy with significant...
Characterization of coil faults in an axial flux variable reluctance PM motor

In recent years, variable reluctance (VR) and switch reluctance (SR) motors have been proposed for use in applications requiring a degree of fault tolerance. A range of topologies of brushless SR and VR permanent magnet (PM) motors are not susceptible to some types of faults, such as phase-to-phase shorts, and can often continue to function in the presence of other faults. In particular, coil winding faults in a single stator coil may have relatively little effect on motor performance, but may affect overall motor reliability, availability, and longevity. It is important to distinguish between, and characterize, various winding faults for maintenance and diagnostic purposes. These fault characterization and analysis results are a necessary first step in the process of motor fault detection and diagnosis for this motor topology. This paper examines rotor velocity damping due to stator winding turn-to-turn short faults in a fault-tolerant axial flux variable reluctance PM motor. In this type of motor, turn-to-turn shorts due to insulation failures have similar I-V characteristics to coil faults resulting from other problems, such as faulty maintenance or damage due to impact. In order to investigate the effects of such coil faults, a prototype axial flux variable reluctance PM motor was constructed. The motor was equipped with experimental fault simulation stator windings capable of simulating these and other types of stator winding faults. This paper will focus on two common types of winding faults and their effects on rotor velocity in this type of motor.
Governing geoengineering research: why, when and how?

Research on geoengineering – deliberate management of the Earth’s climate system – is being increasingly discussed within the science and policy communities. While justified as necessary in order to expand the range of options available to policy makers in the future, geoengineering research has already engendered public controversy. Proposed projects have been protested or cancelled, and calls for a governance framework abound. In this paper, we consider the reasons why geoengineering research might be subject to additional governance and suggest mechanisms that might be usefully applied in developing such a framework. We consider criteria for governance as raised by a review of the growing literature on geoengineering and other controversial scientific topics. We suggest three families of concern that any governance research framework must respond to: the direct physical risks of the research; the transparency and responsibility in decision making for the research; and the larger societal meanings of the research. We review what mechanisms might be available to respond to these three families of concern, and consider how these might apply to geoengineering research.
Mood and persuasion: Evidence for the differential influence of positive and negative states

This article investigated how moods influence reactions to a persuasive communication. Subjects read a magazine article designed to induce a positive, neutral, or negative state, then read and evaluated a communication for which argument quality varied. As in previous research (Worth & Mackie, 1987), argument quality failed to differentially influence attitudes for positive subjects. In contrast, attitudes were more favorable following stronger arguments for neutral and negative subjects. These findings suggest that systematic processing is reduced by positive, but not by negative moods. Discussion focuses on the processes underlying observed relationships, and on selective processing of communications as a means of mood management.
B 3 IA: A control architecture for autonomous robot-assisted behavior intervention for children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

This paper describes a novel control architecture, B3IA, designed to address the challenges of developing autonomous robot systems for use as behavior intervention tools for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Our goal is to create a system that can be easily adapted for use by non-roboticists engaged in ASD therapy. B3IA is a behavior-based architecture for control of socially assistive robots using human-robot interaction in the ASD context. We hypothesize that the organization of a robot control architecture is important to the success of a robot-assisted intervention, because the success of such intervention hinges on the behavior of the robot. We detail the organization of B3IA and present preliminary results from experiments that begin to experimentally test this hypothesis.
Understanding Young Adults’ Reports of Contact with their Parents in a Digital World: Psychological and Familial Relationship Factors

Continued involvement of parents in the lives of young adults is a topic of great interest to both scholars and the lay public. Although young adults’ astounding use of cell phones, texting, video chat, and social media in negotiating their social relationships is well documented, few studies have examined the role of different types of communications technology in facilitating young adults’ involvement with their parents. Researchers have begun to examine familial and psychological correlates of parental involvement for college students, but existing studies offer mixed results. The present study examined college students’ reports of frequency of contact with parents using different types of communications technology and examined familial relationship and individual well-being factors associated with young adults’ reports of frequent parental contact. College students (N = 326) completed measures of frequency of contact with mothers and fathers using seven types of communications technology, the quality of family relationships (felt obligation towards parents and family satisfaction) and individual well-being (self-esteem, depressed mood, and general psychological well-being). Phone calls and texting were the two most popular methods of parental contact reported by college students. Level of self-reported contact with parents was not significantly related to participants’ reports of self-esteem, depressed mood, or general well-being. Results of multinomial logistic regression analyses indicated that higher levels of felt obligation and family satisfaction meaningfully distinguished between young adults who reported frequent and infrequent parental contact. Our results indicate the importance of understanding young adults’ reports of parental contact within the context of ongoing family relationships.
Curtain rises on the European nuclear theater

Without an arms control agreement, the deployment in Europe of cruise and Pershing II missiles is scheduled to begin in December. The following examination of the stalemate suggests a way out.
WITTGENSTEIN'S REVERSAL ON THE 'LANGUAGE OF THOUGHT' DOCTRINE

L'A. defend l'interpretation mentaliste et internaliste du «Tractacus logico-philosophicus» de Wittgenstein dans le sens du projet mecanique des «Investigations philosophiques» comme fondement de la science cognitive en deca du langage, contre l'interpretation psychologique, conventionnaliste et historique des notions de signification et de contenu mental des pensees par M. Dummett et P. Carruthers, comprises dans la perspective linguistique de l'analyse de Frege
Invisible monuments and the costs of pharmaceutical regulation: twenty-five years of drug lag debate.

La FDA accorde la commercialisation des medicaments apres avoir evalue leur efficacite et leur non toxicite. Des critiques sont toutefois emises sur la lenteur de ces controles, particulierement entre 1970 et 1990, esssentiellement due a l'obligation de nombreux tests cliniques avant la commercialisation ainsi qu'a l'inefficacite bureaucratique de la FDA
Laser spectroscopy of cold free radicals

Ultracold (<5-K) organic free radicals can be produced by excimer laser photolysis of suitable precursor molecules entrained in a supersonic free-jet expansion. Characterization of the geometry electronic structure, and dynamics of these transient chemical intermediates can be accomplished by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy.
Mitral valve replacement in infancy: a case report.

A 1.7 cm. Bjork-Shiley prosthetic valve was successfully inserted into the mitral annulus in a 7-month-old infant weighing 4.5 kilograms. Rapidly progressive pulmonary arteriolar hypertension and heart failure required surgical intervention. Postoperative problems are discussed. This patient's rapid clinical improvement after the operation further indicates that valve replacement is an important therapeutic alternative in carefully selected infants.
Natural resources extraction and politics in Guyana

Abstract The current debate on natural resources extraction in the post-neoliberal era in Latin America and the Caribbean focuses on the “new” extractivism as a development model or as an imperialist framework. The state is ascribed a “developmentalist” role or the function to facilitate the exploitation of natural resources by extractive capital from imperial states. The Guyana case adds a new dimension to this debate: in the early 2000s the state degenerated into a “criminalized authoritarian state” the first of its kind in the English-speaking Caribbean. This state coincided with the emergence of the gold mining sector as the dominant segment of the Guyana-economy. The small-scale gold mining sub-sector came to control gold mining, as the only large-scale gold mine the Canadian-owned Omai Gold Mines Ltd., ceased operation. The conditions were created for the state to exercise greater leverage over the small-scale gold mining sector through its laws and incentives programs, further opening the door to corruption and criminal activity. A critical development approach is employed to investigate the relationship between natural resources extraction and politics as the state degenerated into a criminal enterprise. The purpose is to begin the discussion on this anomalous aspect of the state in the post-neoliberal period.
Computer representation and manipulation of combinatorial libraries

Though combinatorial libraries can be represented by enumerating the members of the library and using any of the commonly used computer representations for specific chemical structures, more compact forms are required for the processing of large ‘virtual’ libraries. Such representations can be divided into those which involve some form of ‘Markush’ or generic structure and those which use an approach based on generic reaction descriptions and sets of specific precursor molecules. This review discusses the nature of Markush structure representations, and the ways in which they are used in chemical patent information systems, and describes a number of different Markush-type representations developed especially for combinatorial libraries. Systems which utilise reaction-based library descriptions are also described, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches, and the possibility of automatic interconversion between them, are discussed, along with the potential for their use in rapid analysis of library diversity.
Are There Horticulture-related Mobile Applications for Me?

Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers are increasingly being used to supplement the use of laptops and desktop computers. Their small size makes them portable and convenient to use. These devices are providing horticulturists with new tools for their work. Mobile applications (apps) are software applications that run on smartphones and tablet computers. They can be easily downloaded to a smartphone or tablet computer. There are hundreds of thousands of apps available, covering a wide range of topics. Many apps are free, whereas others have a cost. Horticulture-related apps for research, extension, teaching, and industry are available. These apps deal with diverse topics such as food safety, geographic information systems, hydroponics, scouting for insects, turfgrass management and weeds, plant growth regulator (PGR) calculations, conservation trees (trees suitable and recommended for conservation plantings), landscape design, plant and tree identification, crop protection product information, and industry trade publications. This article gives an overview of some of the horticulture-related apps that are available. Are there horticulture-related mobile apps for me? Yes!
Resistance, revolt, & gender justice in Egypt, gender, culture, and politics in the Middle East

Mariz Tadros offers a nuanced, insightful analysis of the factors that either enabled or frustrated the emergence of collective action for gender equality during the fall of the Mubarak regime, the...
Recent Advances in the Cell Biology of Polycystic Kidney Disease

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a significant familial disorder, crossing multiple ethnicities as well as organ systems. The goal of understanding and, ultimately, curing ADPKD has fostered collaborative efforts among many laboratories, mustered on by the opportunity to probe fundamental cellular biology. Here we review what is known about ADPKD including well-accepted data such as the identification of the causative genes and the fact that PKD1 and PKD2 act in the same pathway, fairly well-accepted concepts such as the "two-hit hypothesis," and somewhat confusing information regarding polycystin-1 and -2 localization and protein interactions. Special attention is paid to the recently discovered role of the cilium in polycystic kidney disease and the model it suggests. Studying ADPKD is important, not only as an evaluation of a multisystem disorder that spans a lifetime, but as a testament to the achievements of modern biology and medicine.
The Effect of Carbon Monoxide on Time Perception, Manual Coordination, Inspection, and Arithmetic

The first untoward effect of carbon monoxide (CO) upon healthy man is reported to be a gross impairment in his ability to distinguish between short intervals of time and to estimate 30-sec intervals (Beard and Wertheim, 1967). Alarmingly, these decrements in time perception are reported to be produced by exposures to CO at concentrations as low as 50 parts per million (ppm) for 90 min, exposures which are currently acceptable in American industry (ACGIH, 1972), commonly encountered by urban populations, and much lower than those experienced by the average adult smoking one pack of cigarettes per day (Surgeon General, 1972).
TruZ-Droid: Integrating TrustZone with Mobile Operating System

Mobile devices today provide a hardware-protected mode called Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) to help protect users from a compromised OS and hypervisor. Today TEE can only be leveraged either by vendor apps or by developers who work with the vendor. Since vendors consider third-party app code untrusted inside the TEE, to allow an app to leverage TEE, app developers have to write the app code in a tailored way to work with the vendor's SDK. We proposed a novel design to integrate TEE with mobile OS to allow any app to leverage the TEE. Our design incorporates TEE support at the OS level, allowing apps to leverage the TEE without adding app-specific code into the TEE, and while using existing interface to interact with the mobile OS. We implemented our design, called TruZ-Droid, by integrating TrustZone TEE with the Android OS. TruZ-Droid allows apps to leverage the TEE to protect the following: (i) user's secret input and confirmation, and (ii) sending of user's secrets to the authorized server. We built a prototype using the TrustZone-enabled HiKey board to evaluate our design. We demonstrated TruZ-Droid's effectiveness by adding new security features to existing apps to protect user's sensitive information and attest user's confirmation. TruZ-Droid's real-world use case evaluation shows that apps can leverage TrustZone while using existing OS APIs. Our usability study proves that users can correctly interact with TruZ-Droid to protect their security sensitive activities and data.
Efficient FPGA-Based Security Kernels

Current Research Interests: Implementing network security requires significant computational time and energy and becomes particularly challenging in mobile, battery-powered situations. Compared to traditional microprocessors, embedded processors, or DSPs, reconfigurable hardware can provide the computational resources required for these applications more effectively due to large on-chip bandwidth, hardware parallelism, and parameterized customization. The purpose of my work is to demonstrate novel uses of reconfigurable hardware toward real-time network security. Significant advances over state-of-the-art in intrusion detection will be realized by developing reconfigurable hardware architectures for on-the-fly threat and intrusion analysis, creating energy-efficient models and implementations for mobile and sensor networks, and developing efficient soft-IP (Intellectual Property) cores for application-specific reconfigurable fabrics.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Arcobacter trophiarum Type Strain LMG 25534.

ABSTRACT Arcobacter species have been recovered from food and/or food animals, and several of these species are potential human pathogens. Arcobacter trophiarum was recovered from fecal samples taken from pigs on two Belgian farms. This study describes the whole-genome sequence of the A. trophiarum type strain LMG 25534 (=64T =CCUG 59229T).
The Return to “Nature” and the Problem of the Perennial

This chapter addresses the persistence of perennialism in thought and discourse around both psychedelics and aesthetics. Beginning with discussions of tropes about childhood and primitivist thought, it connects the aesthetics of nostalgia to a broader colonialist discourse. More discussion of Artaud’s internal critique of the European tradition occurs, and connections are made to Mircea Eliade’s employment of the European phantasy structure. Explications of Diane di Prima, Timothy Leary, and The Fugs appear. Brief connections are made between psychedelic aesthetics and structuralism, followed by an account of the aesthetics of exhaustion.
On directed versions of the Corrádi–Hajnal corollary

Abstract For k ∈ N , Corradi and Hajnal proved that every graph G on 3 k vertices with minimum degree δ ( G ) ≥ 2 k has a C 3 -factor, i.e., a partitioning of the vertex set so that each part induces the 3-cycle C 3 . Wang proved that every directed graph G on 3 k vertices with minimum total degree δ t ( G ) ≔ min v ∈ V ( d e g − ( v ) + d e g + ( v ) ) ≥ 3 ( 3 k − 1 ) / 2 has a C 3 -factor, where C 3 is the directed 3-cycle. The degree bound in Wang’s result is tight. However, our main result implies that for all integers a ≥ 1 and b ≥ 0 with a + b = k , every directed graph G on 3 k vertices with minimum total degree δ t ( G ) ≥ 4 k − 1 has a factor consisting of a copies of T 3 and b copies of C 3 , where T 3 is the transitive tournament on three vertices. In particular, using b = 0 , there is a T 3 -factor of G , and using a = 1 , it is possible to obtain a C 3 -factor of G by reversing just one edge of G . All these results are phrased and proved more generally in terms of undirected multigraphs. We conjecture that every directed graph G on 3 k vertices with minimum semidegree δ 0 ( G ) ≔ min v ∈ V min ( d e g − ( v ) , d e g + ( v ) ) ≥ 2 k has a C 3 -factor, and prove that this is asymptotically correct.
Controlling Italian Arum (Arum italicum)

: Arum italicum (Italian arum) is a perennial herbaceous geophyte native to parts of Europe, Russia, and northern Africa. It has spread outside of cultivation in northern Europe, Oceania, and the Americas. Leaves emerge in the fall and are shed in the early summer; inflorescences form in the spring and fruits ripen in mid-summer. Successful documented treatment options are limited. To test new chemical control methods, we treated plants in a Washington, D.C., natural area in mid-March with three chemical treatments (triclopyr + metsulfuron methyl, triclopyr alone, glyphosate + metsulfuron methyl), and a control. Cover estimates in the spring and fall showed a decline in cover for treatments that included metsulfuron methyl but not for the triclopyr alone treatment.
Immune evasion by Adenoviruses: a window into host-virus adaptation

Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are widespread pathogens that cause a number of partially overlapping, species-specific infections associated with respiratory, urinary, gastrointestinal, and ocular diseases. The early 3 (E3) region of adenoviruses is highly divergent between different species, and it encodes a multitude of proteins with immunomodulatory functions. The study of genetic diversity in the E3 region offers a unique opportunity to gain insight into how the various HAdVs have evolutionarily adapted in response to the selection pressures exerted by host immune defenses. The objective of this review was to discuss subversion of host antiviral immune responses by HAdVs, with a focus on suppression of MHC class I antigen presentation, as a window into host-HAdV adaptation.
Let's Get Personal: Academic Office Displays and Gender.

INTRODUCTION Differential standards in academic medicine based on gender have been described for self-promoting behavior. BACKGROUND Objective: To explore differences in office display of professional and personal items between male and female academic physicians as a proxy for self-promotion. METHODS A university hospital's faculty was invited to participate in a study on office setup. Participants were blinded to the study aim. Investigators evaluated offices to assess the number of professional and personal displays. De-identified data on participant characteristics and office physical characteristics were recorded. Correlations with the number of items displayed were analyzed by univariable and multivariable Poisson regression. RESULTS Forty-eight physicians participated: 23 (47.9%) from emergency medicine, 9 (18.8%) from surgery, and 16 (33.3%) from internal medicine. The median number of professional displays was 5.0 for women (interquartile range [IQR] = 3.0-9.0) and 6.0 for men (IQR = 2.0-12.0). Controlling for specialty and academic rank, no significant difference existed in professional display rates by women (incidence rate ratio = 1.1, 95% confidence interval = 0.8-1.4). The median number of personal displays was 14.5 items for women (IQR = 8.0-25.0) and 6.0 items for men (IQR = 3.0-15.0), with a significantly different rate (incidence rate ratio = 1.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.2-1.7) when we controlled for specialty, generation, rank, and office characteristics. CONCLUSION Women displayed more personal items than did men, with no difference in professional display rates. Future studies should examine this difference to understand its cause, which may be linked to differences in academic promotion between men and women.
Comments on the Venus rotation pole

Possible orientations of the Venus rotation pole as a function of planetary oblateness are calculated, taking into account the variation of the orbital inclination and motion of the nodal line produced by long-term planetary perturbations and assuming the obliquity to be fully damped. If the obliquity is stabilized against solar tides by core-mantle viscous coupling, a fully damped obliquity is the expected state. An analysis of earth-based radar data from 1964 to 1977 yields a pole position which lies near damped pole positions of small oblateness, no more than about 10 to the 6th. Possible implications of this result are considered.
Sic Transit Gloria Mundi [Microwave Surfing]

Reports on Arecibo, a national research center supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The center focuses on such areas as radio astronomy, planetary radar and upper atmospheric sciences. The Arecibo Observatory’s principal astronomical research instrument is a 305-meter fixed spherical radio/radar telescope, one of the world’s largest radio telescope[s]. Its frequency capabilities range from 50 megahertz to 11 gigahertz. Transmitters include an S-band (2,380-megahertz) radar system for planetary studies and a 430-megahertz radar system for atmospheric science studies and a heating facility for ionospheric research.
A Collaboration-centric Taxonomy of the Internet of Things: Implications for Awareness Support

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) has the potential to become a new collaboration modality. Building on this proposition, we developed a taxonomy to explore how the IoT can enable collaboration, and conversely, how current knowledge on collaboration systems can guide IoT system development and research. The taxonomy is grounded in IoT use cases and bridges the technical and human aspects by drawing on collaboration and computer network theories. Our preliminary analysis of a subset of the taxonomy suggested that providing awareness support to IoT system users is likely to be a fundamental challenge in IoT system design. Our subsequent conceptualization of the entire taxonomy—what we present in this paper—applies awareness theory to arrive at a novel, comprehensive, and structured understanding of the awareness needs of IoT system users. This understanding can be leveraged as a formative tool by system developers to identify requirements and by researchers to develop design guidance for effective collaboration in IoT systems.
Clear requirement text matters

Abstract Many “How to Write Good Requirements” guidelines seek to prevent programs from overrunning, being mired in delays, or suffering a flight catastrophe. It is rare, however, to see concrete examples that unambiguously shed light on why these best practices are necessary. This paper cites several space mission mishaps to emphasize a need for clear requirement text preparation. It explores three common genres of flaws with the text of requirements: numbers that do not have well-defined units or tolerance ranges, clauses that are ambiguous in their intention, and statements that lump multiple requirements together. Government and industry guidance rail against these three kinds of text flaws and prescribe rules to catch them. Yet poorly worded requirements still occur routinely, likely because most authors do not realize how faulty text can have severe consequences. By recounting past failures, the authors hope to motivate the readers into heeding simple, if mundane, rules and thus be spared from the unpleasant consequences of ill-written requirements.
Another nature of doctrine: George Lindbeck, Kathryn Tanner and Christian identities

Theorists such as Stuart Hall have problematised the idea that identity is something that remains essentially the same across time. Since doctrine has been cast as that which safeguards Christian identity, this provokes the question: what role can doctrine play if this is the case? Critiquing George Lindbeck's The Nature of Doctrine in light of Kathryn Tanner's work on rules suggests that doctrine cannot regulate, constitute or generate the necessary conditions for Christian identity. Doctrine can, however, still play a role in generating Christian meaning without regulating identity by determining how concepts are formed in Christian community.
Simulating the cooling of an immiscible alloy

A computer program to simulate the cooling of immiscible alloys is described, and the Pb-Zn system is presented as an example. The program permits the user to calculate various compositions of immiscible alloys. Illustrations are presented which depict the sequence of computer-monitor displays generated by the program.
Importance and use of simulation in a cyberenvironment

The thesis is very simple: Simulation is the future! Growing environmental complexity leaves few alternatives to the use of simulation for planning, controlling and training. We can stipulate to the existence of a cyber environment. There are few who would question the fact that more and more of our activities are dependent upon both sophisticated, interconnected models and computers on which to executive them. Moreover, attendant with this growth are an increasing number of practical operating problems and risks. The thesis of this paper is that simulation offers one of the most fruitful ways to address these issues. Indeed, increasingly, simulation may be the only way to effectively address them. If one agrees with this conclusion, it follows that there is a research agenda that must be implemented to resolve critical open issues.
Genetic structure of races of Heterodera glycines and inheritance of ability to reproduce on resistant soybeans.

Four field populations of Heterodera glycines tested for ability to reproduce on three host differentials were each classified into one of the recognized races. A fifth population represented a new race. Genetic analysis indicated that the designated races are actually field populations that differ from each other primarily in the frequencies of three groups of genes (genes for parasitism) that act quantitatively and control the ability of the nematode to reproduce on resistant P.I. 88788, Pickett, and P.I. 90763 soybeans. Populations of race-3 have none of these genes for parasitism, or they have some in low frequency that results in an index of parasitism of less than 10 on any one of the resistant soybeans. Race- 1 has a high frequency of one group of genes that enable it to reproduce on P.I. 88788. Race-2 has two groups of genes for parasitism in high frequency; one for P.I. 88788, and one for Pickett. Based on these findings, it was assumed that race-4 has three groups of genes for parasitism; one for P.I. 88788, one for Pickett, and one for P.I. 90763. Additional races may be recognized when new genes are identified, or when new gene combinations are discovered. The ability to reproduce on P. I. 88788 is inherited independently from the ability to reproduce on Pickett. Although the genetic structure of field populations does not provide a solid foundation for race designation, recognizing races under the present system may be useful when it clearly characterizes the behavior of field populations. Race designations, however, should be regarded as provisional since gene frequencies change with time in response to selection forces and, therefore, the race status of a population may change accordingly. Key words: index of parasitism, genes for parasitism, cyst nematodes.
Deoxythymidylate 5'-Nucleotidase PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF AN ENZYME FOUND AFTER INFECTION OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS WITH PHAGE SP5C

Abstract The deoxyribonucleic acid of phage SP5C contains hydroxymethyluracil instead of thymine. It has a guanine plus cytosine content of 43.6 mole %. After infection of Bacillus subtilis SB19 with phage SP5C, a new enzyme activity, deoxythymidylate 5'-nucleotidase, can be detected. The appearance of this activity requires phage infection, is inhibited by chloramphenicol, and is not induced by mitomycin. The enzyme has been partially purified and shown to cleave deoxythymidylic acid to deoxythymidine and inorganic phosphate. The enzyme cleaves deoxythymidylic acid, deoxy-5-methylcytidylic acid, and ribothymidylic acid to produce the respective nucleosides and Pi at relative rates of 100:45:40, respectively. It cleaves fluorine derivatives of deoxythymidylic acid. It does not hydrolyze deoxythymidine triphosphate, other naturally occurring nucleoside 5'monophosphates, or nucleoside 3'-monophosphates. The enzyme may serve as one mechanism for preventing the synthesis of thymidylate-containing DNA. Assay for this enzyme provides a rapid method of determining phage infection of B. subtilis
Relationship between physician specialty and the selection and outcome of ischemic stroke patients.

Objective This study compares the initial characteristics, in-hospital treatment, and outcomes of stroke patients managed by neurologists versus non-neurologists. Data sources/study setting An inception cohort of 146 patients hospitalized with their first stroke at a private, a university, or a Veterans Affairs hospital. Study design A prospective, hospital-based, multisite cohort study design is used to ascertain the patients' initial 180-day in-hospital and postdischarge experience. Data collection/extraction methods Data were collected on patient demographics, disease severity, and risk factors for stroke; diagnostic tests and pharmacologic management; one-month and six-month all-cause and cause-specific mortality; and physical and functional impairment. Principal findings The 88 patients (60 percent) admitted to the neurology services of the study hospitals had better prognostic profiles, i.e., lower likelihood of having either completed stroke or cardiac comorbidity, and were less likely to die within one and six months of stroke onset. Conclusions Substantial systematic differences in the types of patients managed by neurologists versus other specialists may preclude comparison of outcomes of care.
Parameter adaptive control {Where is it at and what needs to be done next?}

Parameter adaptive control of uncertain linear systems has come a long way from its modest beginnings as an offshoot of parameter identification. Of the many adaptive architectures which have been studied over the years, one has emerged as pre-eminent in that it is able to deliver the same basic stability properties as one finds in non-adaptive linear feedback control. The properties to which we are referring are as follows.
Interpreting and generating indirect answers

This paper presents an implemented computational model for interpreting and generating indirect answers to yes-no questions in English. Interpretation and generation are treated, respectively, as recognition of and construction of a responder's discourse plan for a full answer. An indirect answer is the result of the responder providing only part of the planned response, but intending for his discourse plan to be recognized by the questioner. Discourse plan construction and recognition make use of shared knowledge of discourse strategies, represented in the model by discourse plan operators. In the operators, coherence relations are used to characterize types of information that may accompany each type of answer. Recognizing a mutually plausible coherence relation obtaining between the actual response and a possible direct answer plays an important role in recognizing the responder's discourse plan. During generation, stimulus conditions model a speaker's motivation for selecting a satellite. Also during generation, the speaker uses his own interpretation capability to determine what parts of the plan are inferable by the hearer and thus do not need to be explicitly given. The model provides wider coverage than previous computational models for generating and interpreting indirect answers and extends the plan-based theory of implicature in several ways.
The electrical properties of antiferroelectric lead zirconate-ferroelectric lead zinc niobate ceramics with lanthanum

The electrical properties of antiferroelectric (AF) lead zirconate (PZ) with relaxor ferroelectric (FE) lead zinc niobate (PZN) are studied with reference to the field-induced phase transition near the morphotropic phase boundary. The Curie point decreased with increasing lanthanum addition up to 3 m/o, whereas for the AF-FE boundary it increased with increasing lanthanum. Above 4 m/o lanthanum, paraelectric and antiferroelectric regions were observed. The effects of lanthanum content and temperature on the dielectric, pyroelectric, and P-E hysteresis are reported. >
Lovász‐Schrijver Reformulation

We discuss the hierarchies of linear and semidefinite programs defined by Lovasz and Schrijver. We describe recent progress on these hierarchies in the contexts of algorithm design, computational complexity, and proof complexity. Keywords: linear and semidefinite hierarchies; proof systems; integrality gaps; convex relaxations; approximation algorithms