cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preserving Orthodoxy on Secular Campuses: The Right of Student Religious Organizations to Exclude Non-Believers

Increasingly, it is common for public universities and student religious organization to litigate over the membership policies of the organization. On the one hand, many public universities ban discrimination based on sexual orientation, political, or religious belief in all aspects of campus life. On the other hand, many faith-based groups wish to exclude those who believe that homosexual conduct is sinful or those who adhere to different theological tenants. In Christian Legal Society v. Walker, the Seventh Circuit held a state university’s interest in preventing discrimination against homosexuals did not outweigh the organization’s interest in expressing its disapproval of homosexual activity by barring active homosexuals (and others) from serving as voting members or serving in leadership capacities even though they participate in its activities. Conversely, in Christian Legal Society v. Kane, the Ninth Circuit, relying on circuit precedent from a similar case in the K-12 context, reached the opposite result. Yet, despite the conflict between the Seventh and Ninth Circuits, existing Supreme Court precedent suggests that student religious organizations should prevail against public institutions. Quite simply, orthodoxy may be enforced. Student religious organizations have a right to exclude non-believers. The purpose of this Article is to explain why student religious organizations have a constitutional right to control their membership. Part I details the Seventh Circuit decision in Walker and the district court opinion in Kane, which the Ninth Circuit summarily affirmed. Part II views the issue through three different constitutional lenses - the Free Exercise of Religion, the Freedom of Expressive Association, and the Court’s student organization jurisprudence.
Traumatic Arthrotomy with Pneumarthrosis on Plain Radiograph of the Knee.

An eight-year-old boy presented to the emergency department (ED) with a 2cm-long laceration over the prepatellar region of his left knee after falling over and cutting his knee on broken glass. Physical examination demonstrated the laceration breached the dermis but otherwise there was no obvious defect in the deep fascial layer. He had a free range of motion of his knee and clinically his extensor mechanism was intact; however, a plain lateral radiograph showed that he had pneumarthrosis of his knee joint. Within six hours of injury the wound was formally explored in the operating room and a small breach in the knee capsule was found. The wound edges were debrided, the knee joint irrigated and the skin closed primarily. Following surgery he received 24 hours of antibiotic coverage with a first-generation cephalosporin. Gas in the joint or “pneumarthrosis” in the context of trauma is not uncommon around superficial joints such as the knee and indicates that there is a penetrating wound with intra-articular extension.1 This implies that the joint has been inoculated with bacteria and pyoarthrosis is possible if not managed appropriately.1 The standard treatment for a traumatic arthrotomy is antibiotic coverage and prompt surgical debridement in the operating room with lavage of the soft tissues and joint.2 In the absence of gross contamination primary closure can be performed.2 Even innocuous-looking lacerations adjacent to or overlying superficial joints can lead to a traumatic arthrotomy. Plain radiographs should be obtained and a high suspicion for intra-articular extension maintained. For lacerations around superficial joints there should be a low threshold for exploring and washing these wounds out in the operating room rather than closing primarily in the ED.
Lance Strate. Amazing Ourselves to Death: Neil Postman's Brave New World Revisited

Postman's conception of the Brave New World positions media and technology as a “Faustian Bargain” naively made by society in pursuit of fuller humanity. The caution is issued that the trade-off is...
Use of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in HIV-infected patients.

Multiple studies have demonstrated increased rates of osteopenia and osteoporosis in HIV-infected patients but there have been no published studies on current screening practices. We conducted a re...
Tongue-tied and Taunted: Paul, Poor Rhetoric and Paltry Leadership in 2 Corinthians 5.13

There has been wide speculation regarding the meaning of two Greek words in 2 Cor. 5.13: ἐξίστημι and σωφρονέω. Interpreters of this verse have struggled to assess these terms in their literary and historical contexts. While the majority of commentators view these terms as referring to Paul’s ecstatic experiences, others have interpreted the verse as referring to Paul’s erratic behavior. A third group of scholars have tried to demonstrate that Paul is in fact responding to accusations that he lacked rhetorical sophistication. Building on the work of scholars belonging to the third category, I propose in this article that Paul is not only being accused of poor rhetorical skills, he is also being accused of all the connotations of a weak and inarticulate leader. By examining ἐξίστημι and σωφρονέω in their rhetorical contexts I will demonstrate that these two terms are often used in descriptions of ineffectual and unqualiﬁed civic leaders. Thus, Paul has been accused of lacking all the necessary qualities of...
Abstract 1586: Oral administration of HIV-protease inhibitors reduces ovarian tumor growth in vivo

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL INTRODUCTION: Ritonavir boosted lopinavir (LPV/r) is an FDA approved HIV-protease inhibitor combination that is a well tolerated and preferred treatment for HIV patients. Ritonavir is a potent irreversible inhibitor of cytochrome P450 isoform 3A (CYP3A) which can substantially increase bioavailability of lopinavir in vivo. This combination of lopinavir and ritonavir has been shown to increase the efficacy of reducing viral load in AIDS patients. HIV patients taking antiretroviral protease inhibitors such as LPV/r have a lower incidence of HIV associated malignancies such as non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, cervical cancer and Kaposi's sarcoma, leading to the hypothesis that these drugs have antineoplastic activity. Given the need for novel treatment approaches in ovarian cancer, we are investigating the antineoplastic effects of LPV/r, in vivo. METHODS: A xenograph model of ovarian cancer is used to assess the antineoplastic effect of LPV/r in vivo. Oral doses of LPV/r dissolved in corn oil are administered to mice over the course of 2-3 weeks. Tumor area and mouse weight are monitored. After 2-3 weeks tumors are harvested and analyzed. RESULTS: Preliminary results indicate that LPV/r administered orally in combination with a high fat diet inhibits tumor growth in vivo without inducing weight loss. In contrast, the dose of intraperitoneal cisplatin required to attain a similar antineoplastic effect resulted in significant weight loss and morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Because protease inhibitors can induce both apoptotic and non-apoptotic ovarian cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo, these drugs may circumvent chemoresistance due to alterations in apoptotic response. Our data suggests that LPV/r may also have clinical application in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1586. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1586
Design of spathic micro-laser

Based on the rate equations of Cr4+: YAG passively Q-switched Nd3+: YAG micro-laser, the laser output characteristics of the spathic micro-laser were studied numerically. The factors of the reflection of output couple, the initial transmission of the absorber and the pumping speed were analyzed respectively. Analytical result is that the laser designed can run with short pulse (1.5ns), high peak power (14.5kW), high repetition (the laser pulse repetition is 7.2kW when the pumping laser power is 1W), and the course of Cr4+:YAG Q swiched laser running was given theoretically, and the stability of the spathic micro-laser was analyzed. Spathic micro-laser can run stably when the pumping power is low. Numerical analysis indicates that the spathic micro-laser can satisfy the requests of the laser for laser fuze.
The role of serum hepatocyte growth factor on atherosclerosis in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objective To investigate the association of serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) to carotid atherosclerosis in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients.Methods Fifty MHD patients and thirty healthy volunteers were involved in the study.The levels of serum HGF were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,Intima-media thickness(IMT) and prevalence of atherosclerotic plaques of the extracranial common carotid artery were measured by high- resolution B-mode ultrasonography.Results Serum HGF levels in hemodialysis patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls [(957.88±236.87)pg/ml VS (731.55±244.05)pg/ml,P＜0.01].The levels of serum HGF increased with the progression of atheroclerosis.Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that independent risk factors associated with IMT were level of HGF,age,duration of dialysis,high density lipoprotein (HDL) and Lp(a).Conclusions Serum HGF levels in maintenance hemodialysis patients are associated with the development of atherosclerosis.
How to Cope with Rapidly Changing Information Technology

(1998). How to Cope with Rapidly Changing Information Technology. Information Strategy: The Executive's Journal: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 44-48.
Dysfunctional Voiders-Medication Versus Urotherapy?

Dysfunctional voiding is defined as “habitual contraction of the urethral sphincter during voiding.” Children with dysfunctional voiding remain a challenge, and the approach to and management of LUT dysfunction varies widely among programs and providers with the role of pharmacotherapy being ill defined. Animated biofeedback is the current treatment modality of choice in children who are not responsive to standard urotherapy. Comprehensive biofeedback programs incorporate continued elimination education, voiding diaries, and home exercises with high success rates. Recent studies suggest botulinum toxin A results in persistent satisfactory results in select children with refractory dysfunctional voiding. Conservative measures including an aggressive bowel regimen and timed voiding are the mainstays of treatment, and motivated children with persistent symptoms often respond favorably to escalating urotherapy with biofeedback. Pharmacotherapy plays an ancillary role in the management of dysfunctional voiding.
Comparison of biochemical recurrence-free survival after radical prostatectomy among men in active surveillance following grade reclassification and men newly diagnosed with similar grade disease.

117Background: Stakeholders in a Patient-Centered Outcomes Research grant questioned the clinical implications of biopsy grade reclassification (GR) while on active surveillance (AS). Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) from 1995-2015 at Johns Hopkins and identified 4 groups; 76 men in AS underwent RP following GR from Gleason score (GS) 6 to GS 7(3+4) [grade group 2], 2947 men underwent immediate radical prostatectomy (IRP) following a diagnosis of grade group 2, 122 men in AS underwent RP following GR to GS ≥ 7(3+4) [grade groups ≥ 2], and 4433 men underwent IRP following a diagnosis of grade groups ≥ 2. Biochemical recurrence free survival (bRFS) was the outcome of interest that was assessed using Kaplan Meir curves and a multivariate Cox regression model. Results: Men on AS had a higher proportion of low volume cancer (p <0.001; p <0.001) as compared to the IRP groups for both biopsy grade group 2 and biopsy grade groups ≥ 2, respectively. On the...
Examining the role of relationship factors on eWOM effectiveness in social media

This study empirically tests the impact of receiver characteristics and interpersonal relationship factors on consumer learning, attitude, and behavioural intention in electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in the context of social media. This study also explores the moderating roles of consumer expertise and product involvement on the relation between interpersonal relationship factors and eWOM effectiveness. Data were collected via online survey with general social media users. Our findings reveal that source credibility and perceived similarity with eWOM message senders significantly influence various outcomes of eWOM communication including knowledge gain, further information search, pass-along behaviour, attitude toward product or service, and purchase intention. The strength of ties with the eWOM sender does not influence any eWOM outcomes. eWOM receivers' prior knowledge about product/service and product involvement serve as critical moderating factors for the effect of interpersonal relationship factors on consumer responses toward eWOM communications in social media.
Contextual Effects on Retrospective Economic Evaluations The Impact of the State and Local Economy

The theoretical premise of this study is that individual retrospective evaluations of the national economy, which have a clear impact on voting behavior in national elections, are influenced not only by the national economy but also by the state and local economic context. This hypothesis is tested by analyzing the effect that the unemployment rate in the individual's state and community has on the individual's retrospective evaluation of the national unemployment situation in 1992, using data from the 1992 American National Election Study survey, supplemented with data on the unemployment rate during the third quarter of 1992 for the respondent's community and state. The findings show that the state unemployment rate has a clear effect on retrospective evaluations of national economic conditions. This effect occurs apart from any effect on fear of unemployment, which is unaffected by the state unemployment rate. The community unemployment rate has little or no effect on retrospective economic evaluations, except for a small impact on personal unemployment experience. The contextual effect that we observe therefore is primarily sociotropic, not personal pocketbook, in nature. We suggest that the contextual patterning of information, perhaps especially through media reporting of economic conditions, is responsible for producing this effect.
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Healthcare Provider’s Practices, Attitudes, Self-confidence, & Knowledge Regarding Bullying Questionnaire

ABSTRACTPURPOSE The purpose of this research was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of Hensley’s Healthcare Provider’s Practices, Attitudes, Self-confidence, & Knowledge Regarding Bullying Questionnaire (HCP-PACK). METHODS Hensley’s HCP-PACK consists of 63 items and three subscales. The subscales were developed based on bullying literature and feedback from five bullying experts. Clinical experts evaluated the scale for content validity and health care providers responded to the questionnaire to examine test re-test reliability and internal consistency for the questionnaire’s subscales.RESULTS The content validity index for the questionnaire was .97 for relevancy and .96 for clarity. Test-retest analysis on the three subscales: attitudes, self-efficacy, and, knowledge yielded Pearson r of.80, .81, and .77 respectively. The subscales for attitudes, self-efficacy, and knowledge had Cronbach’s alphas of .70, .88, and .84 respectively. CONCLUSION These results provide preliminary evidence of the validity and reliability of Hensley’s HCP-PACK. With additional psychometric testing, Hensley’s HCP-PACK instrument has potential for measuring current practices, attitudes, confidence level, and knowledge of pediatric healthcare providers regarding bullying and assessing for bullying during well child exams. Furthermore, the questionnaire could be slightly modified to assess other populations, such as teachers or counselors. Lastly, the information gained during the collection of data can aid in the development of provider interventions to those involved in bullying behaviors.
Review of Words and Graphs by Sergey Kitaev and Vadim Lozin

Two distinct letters x and y in a word alternate if, after deleting all other letters in the word, the resulting word is of the form xyxy : : : or yxyx : : : . A graph G = (V;E) is word-representable if there exists a word w over the alphabet V such that the letters x and y alternate in w if and only if there is an edge connecting x and y in G. If graphs can be represented by words then exciting new possibilities arise for investigating graph properties in terms of the properties of the words that represent them. In addition, words (i.e. strings) would offer an additional way of storing and manipulating graph structures in computation. This textbook is a comprehensive survey of word-representable graphs and the relationships between combinatorics on words and graph properties. The contents are accessible to graph theorists, formal language theorists, computer scientists, and students who have some familiarity with graph theory and words.
Classification: Fault Diagnosis and Feature Categorization

Applications of neural networks to classification problems in bio-processing and chemical engineering fall into two major areas: (1) identification of process faults based on the operating conditions of a given process, and (2) prediction of the most likely categorical group for a given input pattern, for example, identification of the cell-growth-phase categories—induction phase, growth phase, stationary phase, or death phase—for fermentation processes. Pattern-recognition methods such as neural networks are important for classification problems because they do not require accurate process models, which are often difficult to obtain for many biological and chemical processes. Statistical methods provide another alternative to this problem. Pattern classifiers map distinct input patterns onto their respective output classes. There are two basic types of pattern classifiers: parametric and nonparametric. The primary method for measuring the effectiveness of a neural network is misclassification rate, that is, the percentage of training (recall) and testing (generalization) examples misclassified from a given data set.
Multifrequency Analysis using Matrix Padé–via–Lanczos

In many problems in acoustics, the frequency response is required over a large range of frequencies in order to characterize the behavior of the system. The simplest approach based on solving the matrix system of equations arising from a finite element discretization of the problem across a frequency range using a direct or iterative solver at each frequency can be prohibitively expensive. However, in modeling a physical problem, the analyst may be interested only in the solution on a subset of the computational domain, called the partial field. This smaller field of interest may be used to form a Pad´e approximation for the matrix equations in the frequency domain, constructing a reduced–order model that can be solved efficiently over multiple frequencies to compute the response of the partial field. In this chapter, the matrix Pad´e–via–Lanczos algorithm is applied to structural acoustics and for problems with non–reflecting boundary conditions. The approach is extended by the introduction of an adaptive scheme which can automatically span a frequency range of interest, producing an efficient and robust algorithm for multifrequency analysis.
COGNITIVE SYSTEMS BASED ON ADAPTIVE ALGORITHMS1

The type of cognitive system (CS) studied here has four basic parts: (1) a set of interacting elementary productions, called lassifiers, (2) a performance algorithm that directs the action of the system in the environment, (3) a simple learning algorithm that keeps a record of each classifier's success in bringing about rewards, and (4) a more complex learning algorithm, called the genetic algorithm, that modifies the set of classifiers so that variants of good classifiers persist and new, potentially better ones are created in a provably efficient manner. Two “proof-of-principle” experiments are reported. One experiment shows CS's performance in a maze when it has only the ability to adjust the predictions about ensuing rewards of classifiers (similar to adjusting the “weight” of each classifier) vs. when the power of the genetic algorithm is added. Criterion was achieved an order of magnitude more rapidly when the genetic algorithm was operative. A second experiment examines transfer of learning. Placed in a more difficult maze, CS with experience in the simpler maze reaches criterion an order of magnitude more rapidly than CS without prior experience.
Fear and citizen coordination against dictatorship

Despite numerous studies showing that emotions influence political decision making, there is scant literature giving a formal treatment to this phenomenon. This paper formalizes insights about how ...
Lack of Cancer Recurrence Data in Large Databases: A National Survey of Hospital Cancer Registries.

Abstract Background Cancer recurrence information is not routinely collected by the US cancer registries. Prior research suggests hospital characteristics, staff qualifications, and chart access may be contributing factors but this has not been explored nationally. This study aimed to understand issues underlying poor collection of recurrence information and to identify targets for improvement. Methods A survey was sent to Commission on Cancer hospitals to investigate reasons for variations in recurrence data collection, examine resources allocated, and assess coding variability. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed. Results Eight hundred and forty-five of 1417 surveys to Commission on Cancer hospitals were analyzed. Sixty-nine percent reported annually examining charts for recurrence (“investigating” hospitals). They more likely had experienced registrars (91% versus 84%, P Conclusions Those tasked with collecting recurrence information report significant barriers concerning data access, data quality, adequate resources, and coding variability. A unified effort is needed to improve collection.
The novel gene apnoia regulates Drosophila tracheal tube size.

Background Distinct tube size is critical for the function of human tubular organs such as the lung, vascular system, and kidney. Aberrant tube sizes can lead to devastating human illnesses, including polycystic kidney disease. The Drosophila trachea provides a premier genetic system to investigate the fundamental mechanisms that regulate tube size. Results Here we describe the function of a novel gene, apnoia, in tube-size regulation. apn encodes an apical membrane protein, Apnoia (Apn), with three helical transmembrane domains. Loss-of-function apn mutants show shorter-tube and air-filling defects in larval trachea, whereas there are no obvious defects in embryonic trachea. Conversely, overexpression of apn in trachea leads to significant tube over-elongation. We analyzed apical luminal matrix and cell polarity in these longer tubes. It is interesting to note that we observed normal establishment of cell polarity, whereas all luminal matrix components are significantly reduced. In addition, we observed that some matrix components are localized in cytoplasmic vesicles, suggesting secretion defects in apn overexpressing trachea. Conclusion Taken together, these results strongly suggest the possibility that apn is directly or indirectly involved in vesicular trafficking to regulate tube size.
Dietary phosphorus intake and blood pressure in adults: a systematic review of randomized trials and prospective observational studies.

Background Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a major cause of preventable disease in the United States and around the world. It has been postulated that phosphorus intake may affect BP, with some studies suggesting a direct and others an inverse association. Objectives We systematically reviewed the literature on the association of dietary phosphorus with BP in adults and performed a qualitative synthesis. Methods We included randomized and nonrandomized behavioral intervention and feeding studies (intervention studies) and prospective observational studies that measured dietary phosphorus intake or urinary phosphorus excretion and BP. We excluded studies of supplements, children, or individuals with major medical conditions. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Trials, and clinicaltrials.gov on 1 June, 2017 and 22 August, 2018. We assessed studies' risk of bias in their assessment of phosphorus exposure and BP. Results We reviewed 4759 publications and included 14 intervention studies (2497 participants), 3 prospective observational cohorts (17,795 participants), and 2 ongoing trials. No included intervention studies were designed specifically to achieve a phosphorus contrast. Two studies found a significant positive association of dietary phosphorus with systolic BP, 4 a significant inverse association, and 8 no significant association. Four studies found a significant inverse association with diastolic BP and 10 no significant associations. Two cohorts found lower risk of incident hypertension comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles of phosphorus intake and 1 found no significant difference: HR: 0.86 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.98); HR: 0.83 (95% CI: 0.68, 1.02); and HR: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.45, 1.27), respectively. Conclusions We found no consistent association between total dietary phosphorus intake and BP in adults in the published literature nor any randomized trials designed to examine this association. This trial was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42017062489.
BRCA1 mutations attenuate super-enhancer function and chromatin looping in haploinsufficient human breast epithelial cells

BRCA1-associated breast cancer originates from luminal progenitor cells. BRCA1 functions in multiple biological processes, including double-strand break repair, replication stress suppression, transcriptional regulation, and chromatin reorganization. While non-malignant cells carrying cancer-predisposing BRCA1 mutations exhibit increased genomic instability, it remains unclear whether BRCA1 haploinsufficiency affects transcription and chromatin dynamics in breast epithelial cells. H3K27ac-associated super-enhancers were compared in primary breast epithelial cells from BRCA1 mutation carriers (BRCA1mut/+) and non-carriers (BRCA1+/+). Non-tumorigenic MCF10A breast epithelial cells with engineered BRCA1 haploinsufficiency were used to confirm the H3K27ac changes. The impact of BRCA1 mutations on enhancer function and enhancer-promoter looping was assessed in MCF10A cells. Here, we show that primary mammary epithelial cells from women with BRCA1 mutations display significant loss of H3K27ac-associated super-enhancers. These BRCA1-dependent super-enhancers are enriched with binding motifs for the GATA family. Non-tumorigenic BRCA1mut/+ MCF10A cells recapitulate the H3K27ac loss. Attenuated histone mark and enhancer activity in these BRCA1mut/+ MCF10A cells can be partially restored with wild-type BRCA1. Furthermore, chromatin conformation analysis demonstrates impaired enhancer-promoter looping in BRCA1mut/+ MCF10A cells. H3K27ac-associated super-enhancer loss is a previously unappreciated functional deficiency in ostensibly normal BRCA1 mutation-carrying breast epithelium. Our findings offer new mechanistic insights into BRCA1 mutation-associated transcriptional and epigenetic abnormality in breast epithelial cells and tissue/cell lineage-specific tumorigenesis.
Macroeconomic Policy in an Environmentally Constrained Economy: A Dialectical Materialist Application of the Harrod Growth Model:

After the 2007 financial crisis, most macroeconomists advocated policies to restore economic growth, disregarding the constraints imposed by nature. Because standard macroeconomic models ignore env...
Integrated Optical Phased Arrays: Architectures and Applications

Recent integrated optical phased array architectures, results, and applications will be reviewed. Monolithic integration with lasers, near-field focusing, quasi-Bessel-beam generation, and visible-light holographic projection will be discussed.
On the Optimal Energy Controls for Large Scale Residential Communities including Smart Homes

Residences with smart home energy management (HEM) systems and solar generation are modifying domestic load profiles. Moreover, the growing penetration of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy brings the total net power demand further down as houses become local generators. High PV penetration introduces technical challenges for the power system including the "duck curve". This paper proposes a co-simulation framework for high PV penetration smart energy communities which allows the simultaneous simulation of home energy consumption along with control algorithms for each house, as well as system power flow. Models are developed and presented for one of the largest rural field demonstrators for smart energy technologies comprising industrial, business, and 5,000+ residences, located in Glasgow, KY, US. The objectives of the HEM system are to reduce the total energy consumption and peak demand by controlling the heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, water heaters, and batteries, so as to benefit both consumers and the utility. The advantages to the residential consumers include reduced electricity bills and the utility benefits from lower peak demand. Case studies are conducted for typical winter and summer days and simulation and experimental results are presented. The paper also includes long term load prediction for the utility considering different percentages of smart homes.
Firm-Level Economic Activity Before, During, and After Local Events: A Case Study:

This case study investigates how various sporting and cultural events impact economic activity at a single full-service restaurant in center-city Charlotte, NC. We find no evidence of significant c...
Quality Testing of Difficult-to-Make Prescription Pharmaceutical Products Marketed in the US.

Importance Health care practitioners and patients must have information to support their confidence in the quality of prescription pharmaceuticals. Objective To determine whether there were clear and substantive differences in major quality attributes between difficult-to-make solid oral dosage form pharmaceutical products marketed in the US. Design, Setting, and Participants This quality improvement study analyzed US Food and Drug Administration–collected samples of 252 drug products marketed in the US and manufactured in the US, Canada, Europe, India, and the rest of Asia. These drug products were immediate-release solid oral dosage forms considered difficult to make on the basis of product quality history. This sampling included 35 innovator and 217 generic drug samples manufactured by 46 different firms containing 17 different active ingredients. Statistical analysis was performed from February to November 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures All products were tested within their shelf life on the basis of the legally recognized tests of the US Pharmacopeia for the major quality attributes of dosage unit uniformity and dissolution. These tests measure dosage consistency and drug release, respectively. The consistency of either attribute was used to calculate a process performance index to describe the variability in manufacturing. Results All 252 drug product samples met the US market standards for dosage unit uniformity and dissolution, although the process performance index (Ppk) for dissolution fell below the level of 4-sigma capability (ie, Conclusions and Relevance All samples met the US market standards for dosage unit uniformity and dissolution, indicating acceptability for use by patients regardless of manufacturer or region. To our knowledge, this is the largest sampling study of pharmaceutical manufacturers for the US market and these data provide objective insight into the quality of prescription drugs with high manufacturing risks.
Constructing Belief Functions Using the Principle of Minimum Uncertainty

This paper presents the MinUnc method to construct m-/belief functions in the framework of the Dempster-Shafer theory to represent the uncertainty in a given body of evidence. Using the Aprinciple of minimum uncertainty and the concepts of entropy and non-specificity, the MinUnc method specifies a partition of a finite interval on the real line and assigns belief masses to the uniform subintervals. The proposed MinUnc method is illustrated using a simple example and applied to uncertainty representation of air flight arrival delay data set.
A Democratic Political Economy for the First Amendment

A burgeoning literature argues that First Amendment freedoms of speech and religion are serving a political economy that resists economic redistribution. This Article builds on that work by constructing a less regressive conception of freedom of speech and freedom of religion. Obstacles stand in way of that project, however. In constitutional theory, First Amendment freedoms, like other social and political rights, are taken to trump ordinary economic regulation. In liberal political theory, similarly, basic liberties are understood to have priority over policies that effectuate distributive justice. In sum, it is unclear whether and how any interpretation of free speech or free exercise could work to ameliorate, rather than worsen, economic inequality. I argue that First Amendment freedoms can and should be interpreted in a manner that is sensitive to distributive justice in significant respects. What connects individual rights to economic redistribution is a robust conception of democracy. In brief, people who are suffering from deprivation and disadvantage will find it impossible to exercise the basic rights that are essential to the project of cooperative government. Without adequate primary goods, people may be unable to exercise their fundamental liberties, and their status in the political community may be degraded. No democracy can function well under those conditions, and every democracy must interpret religious liberty and freedom of speech in ways that respond in certain respects to the material circumstances of its people. Moreover, people have an obligation to support the political community, for instance by paying taxes. In this Article, I specify exactly how the First Amendment should be interpreted in light of these considerations, and I illustrate the argument with concrete examples taken not only from the courts, but also from legislation and administrative regulation.
Low-voltage-activated inward current in murine antral smooth muscle cells is an artifact.

Two types of voltage-dependent inward currents were evoked by depolarization in murine antral smooth muscle cells (SMCs) bathed in Ca2+-containing physiological solution: high-voltage-activated (HV...
Pathogenesis: Freud’s Paul and the question of historical truth

This article retrieves Freud’s Paul as a forgotten predecessor and untapped critic of the “return to Paul” in contemporary political theology and continental philosophy. Given that Sigmund Freud published Moses and Monotheism in 1939 having barely escaped from Vienna, the text’s reception has justly been dominated by the question of Freud’s identification with Moses and the relationship between psychoanalysis and Judaism. However, I argue that this narrow focus has obscured the more fundamental problem of the connection between religion and Freud’s enigmatic notion of “historical truth,” which he works out not through Moses but through Saint Paul. To do so, I first show how Freud’s genealogy of monotheism is modeled on the pathogenesis of hysterical symptoms. I then trace how Freud deepens his investigation into the etiology of symptom-formation until he arrives at the notion of historical truth and the archaic heritage that transmits it. Lastly, I demonstrate that Freud presents himself less as a Pauline figure than he does Paul as a proto-analyst. Through this staging, I contend that Freud parochializes the claims of Christianity as symptomatic of a more archaic historical truth that psychoanalysis alone is able to access. Freud’s Paul demonstrates that it is not a question of whether but how ostensibly modern secular discourses inherit the theological traditions in which they are imbedded. Reading Freud as a philosopher of religion ultimately offers an indictment of any philosophy or emancipatory politics naively modeled on theological universalism.
Diurnal Ruminal pH and Temperature Patterns of Steers Fed Corn or Barley-Based Finishing Diets.

This study evaluated the effects of corn or barley finishing diets on ruminal pH and temperature and their relationship to feed intake events using continuous reticulorumen monitoring of feedlot steers. Average daily ruminal pH and temperature were not impacted (p ≥ 0.17) by diet. However, diet did affect daily variation of ruminal pH and temperature (p < 0.01). Average hourly ruminal pH displayed a diet by hour post-feeding interaction (p < 0.01), where barley-fed steers had greater (p < 0.01) ruminal pH than corn-fed steers at 0, 1, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 h post feeding, but had lower (p ≤ 0.05) ruminal pH than corn-fed steers at 6, 7, and 8 h post-feeding. Variation in ruminal pH hour post-feeding also displayed a diet by hour post-feeding interaction (p < 0.01), where barley-fed steers had greater (p ≤ 0.03) variation in ruminal pH at hours 1–17 post-feeding but did not differ (p ≥ 0.16) at 0, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 h post-feeding. Additionally, average hourly ruminal temperature exhibited a diet by hour post-feeding interaction (p < 0.01). In summary, basal grain interacted with time post-feeding influencing ruminal pH and temperature in feedlot steers.
Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Randomized to a Higher–Complex Carbohydrate/Low-Fat Diet Manifest Lower Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Glucose, and Free Fatty Acids: A Pilot Study

OBJECTIVE Diet therapy in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has focused on carbohydrate restriction but is poorly substantiated. In this pilot randomized clinical trial, we challenged the conventional low-carbohydrate/higher-fat (LC/CONV) diet, hypothesizing that a higher–complex carbohydrate/lower-fat (CHOICE) diet would improve maternal insulin resistance (IR), adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis, and infant adiposity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS At 31 weeks, 12 diet-controlled overweight/obese women with GDM were randomized to an isocaloric LC/CONV (40% carbohydrate/45% fat/15% protein; n = 6) or CHOICE (60%/25%/15%; n = 6) diet. All meals were provided. AT was biopsied at 37 weeks. RESULTS After ∼7 weeks, fasting glucose ( P = 0.03) and free fatty acids ( P = 0.06) decreased on CHOICE, whereas fasting glucose increased on LC/CONV ( P = 0.03). Insulin suppression of AT lipolysis was improved on CHOICE versus LC/CONV (56 vs. 31%, P = 0.005), consistent with improved IR. AT expression of multiple proinflammatory genes was lower on CHOICE ( P CONCLUSIONS A CHOICE diet may improve maternal IR and infant adiposity, challenging recommendations for a LC/CONV diet.
Large-time rescaling behaviors for large data to the Hele-Shaw problem

This paper addresses a rescaling behavior of some classes of global solutions to the zero surface tension Hele-Shaw problem with injection at the origin, $\{\Omega(t)\}_{t\geq 0}$. Here $\Omega(0)$ is a small perturbation of $f(B_{1}(0),0)$ if $f(\xi,t)$ is a global strong polynomial solution to the Polubarinova-Galin equation with injection at the origin and we prove the solution $\Omega(t)$ is global as well. We rescale the domain $\Omega(t)$ so that the new domain $\Omega^{'}(t)$ always has area $\pi$ and we consider $\partial\Omega^{'}(t)$ as the radial perturbation of the unit circle centered at the origin for $t$ large enough. It is shown that the radial perturbation decays algebraically as $t^{-\lambda}$. This decay also implies that the curvature of $\partial\Omega^{'}(t)$ decays to 1 algebraically as $t^{-\lambda}$. The decay is faster if the low Richardson moments vanish. We also explain this work as the generalization of Vondenhoff's work which deals with the case that $f(\xi,t)=a_{1}(t)\xi$.
Improving the Appeal of Institutional Foodservice as a Potential Employer: A Three Step Approach

ABSTRACT As institutional foodservice is faced with many challenges in the future, it needs qualified and motivated managers to deal with those challenges. Yet, among hospitality management students institutional foodservice is not often considered a viable career option. This article describes a three-step approach that was used to bring hospitality management students and institutional foodservice providers closer together. Several related projects gave students a chance to see institutional foodservice management from the inside, and enhance their appreciation for and interest in college and university foodservice management careers. At the same time, the projects made the foodservice provider realize that hospitality management programs are a relatively untapped source of well-qualified future management.
Sacred Cow Gone to Pasture: A Systematic Evaluation and Integration of Evidence‐Based Practice

Background Sacred cows (SC) are old habits in practice, considered routine and above dispute, regardless of evidence to the contrary. Purpose This is the first known report that aims to conduct a systematic evaluation of practices that have been described in the literature as SC and strategies for planned implementation of evidence-based practices (EBP). Methods A large, complex, academic medical center department of nursing compared SC to EBP. Nurses systematically reviewed and rated the degree to which current practices adhered to best-evidence versus SC. This initiative, “Sacred Cow: Gone to Pasture,” was developed, structured, and implemented according to the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care, as well as Everett Rogers’ Diffusions of Innovations Theory. Implementation of EBP followed a phase plan using the Implementation Strategies for Evidence-Based Practice to help to support adoption and integration. Results Review of organization-specific policies and procedures and reports of actual practices revealed that SC persist, even in a center internationally recognized as a leader in EBP. The SC initiative caught the attention of busy clinicians, and raised awareness of SC and the importance of adherence to EBP. The SC initiative resulted in policy and practice changes and sparked new EBP and research, resulting in numerous improvements, including a significant decline in catheter-associated urinary tract infections and shifting from basins to commercially prepared cloths for patient bathing. Linking Evidence to Action A strategic approach is crucial to eliminating SC and integrating EBP. This report calls nurses globally to action, to identify and abandon ineffective healthcare practices. Further research should compare and test the efficacy of implementation strategies, in particular how to sustain EBP in clinical settings.
Recombination and Genome Rearrangements

Homologous recombination (HR) is an essential activity of all cells as it is one of two major pathways used to repair potentially lethal double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs arise from many sources. They may be induced by exogenous agents such as ionizing radiation or chemicals that modify the DNA bases of the DNA backbone, such as methylmethane sulfonate, bleomycin, or mitomycin C. Agents that inhibit DNA topoisomerases, such as cisplatin, also cause DSBs. Endogenous DSBs may occur from programmed breaks, such as those involved in immune system V(D)J recombination of vertebrates, faulty topoisomerases, or oxygen free radicals. When the DNA replication apparatus encounters bulky lesions or a nicked template strand, DSBs may form, collapsing the replication fork. Alternatively, the replication fork may stall with single-strand DNA at the fork. This is a substrate for HR, or further processing to form a DSB. These DSBs are repaired by HR or nonhomologous DSB rejoining events. Therefore, although mitotic HR occurs at significantly reduced rates compared to meiotic HR, it is nonetheless an essential aspect of vegetative growth. HR is essential for maintaining integrity of the genome, for preventing chromosome rearrangements, for preventing changes in chromosome number, for telomere maintenance when the normal telomere replication pathway is defective, and for preventing the occurrence of alternate double-strand break repair pathways that may result in loss of heterozygosity (LOH) events. Since spontaneous DSBs occur in every replication cycle in vertebrate cells, HR is an essential function of a normal replication cycle. Meiotic HR may also be linked to repairing premeiotic DNA replication errors, but its main purpose lies in ensuring genetic variation and proper chromosome segregation. Meiotic HR gives genetic variation to future generations by providing new combinations of alleles in the gametes. The most important function of meiotic HR is to provide a mechanism for proper segregation of homologous chromosomes at the first meiotic division. In the absence of crossing-over, chromosomes do not disjoin at the first meiotic division and give rise to aneuploid meiotic products. In this chapter, the current models for double-strand break repair by HR are reviewed, differences between mitotic and meiotic HR are discussed, and the consequences of defective HR are considered. Keywords: Crossing-over; Gene Conversion; Heteroduplex; Holliday Junction; Mismatch Repair; Nonhomologous End Joining; Resolution; Strand Exchange; Transformation
Financial management of hospital pharmacies

This paper launches a 12-part series of articles on financial management of hospital pharmacies. This series is designed to help hospital pharmacists develop expertise in financial management so that they can keep pace with changing reimbursement structures and shrinking departmental budgets. The objectives, responsibilities, and capabilities of the hospital financial department will be reviewed, and the need for pharmacy directors to develop departmental financial management systems will be stressed. Methods of collecting financial information and preparing financial reports will be reviewed, as well as how those reports can be used in managing the pharmacy. Budgeting techniques will be demonstrated, methods for analyzing expenses and revenues will be illustrated, and possible cost-containment activities will be identified. Methods used by hospital administration to control costs of all departments will be reviewed.
Durkheim, punishment, and prison privatization

In a seminal statement, Emile Durkheim argued that punishment of crime has a salutary effect on society by reaffirming the collective consciousness. With few exceptions, Durkheim assumed that criminal punishment is done on behalf of society. With the rise of prison privatization, this assumption is increasingly called into question. For-profit firms carrying out punishment, though legally agents of the state, are motivated by private gain. This article asks: How might privatization modify the functional effects of punishment? It develops answers to this question by using insights from Durkheimian and neo-Durkheimian scholarship and the empirical case of modern privatized punishment in the United States. The article proposes three trajectories through which privatized punishment may (or may not) affect solidarity: Parity in Punishment, in which private and public punishers are seen as interchangeable; Public Interest, in which perceptions of greed and self-interest mar privatized punishment and sap it of i...