cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of Bed Bug Populations Reveals Small Propagule Size within Individual Infestations but High Genetic Diversity Across Infestations from the Eastern United States

ABSTRACT Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) are a resurgent pest worldwide and infestations within the United States are increasing at a rapid rate. Because of the physical and psychological discomfort inflicted by their blood feeding habits, and allergies and secondary infections associated with bites, bed bugs are recognized as a significant public health problem. Although bed bug infestations are spreading and becoming more prevalent, we have a poor understanding of their dispersal patterns and sources of infestation. To help fill this gap, we conducted a genetic study of 21 bed bug infestations from the eastern United States, nearly all of which came from single rooms within residences. We genotyped samples comprised of 8–10 individuals per infestation at nine polymorphic microsatellite loci. Despite high genetic diversity across all infestations, with 5–17 alleles per locus (mean = 10.3 alleles per locus), we found low genetic diversity (1–4 alleles per locus) within all but one of the infestations. The...
A comparison of search patterns for cooperative robots operating in remote environment

In this paper, two scanning paradigms are presented and compared that may be used for robotic scanning of a harsh environment such as a celestial body or earth poles. The first paradigm, tight scanning, includes three algorithms, which may be used to find small objects or gasses confined to small regions such as the methane gas given off by bacteria in buried hot springs in the Canadian arctic. The second paradigm, relaxed scanning, includes four algorithms which may be used to find large objects such as large ice deposits that may be buried just below the surface of Mars. The algorithms are compared against their peer algorithms by their quality of performance. Such performance quality is determined by the ratio of scanned area to the traveled distance by the two robots.
Gait speed and dependence in activities of daily living in older adults with severe aortic stenosis.

Background: In the transcatheter aortic valve replacement era, characterization of functional status in older adults with aortic stenosis (AS) is essential. Gait speed (GS) is emerging as a marker of frailty and predictor of outcomes in older adults undergoing cardiovascular intervention. The objective of this study was to delineate the prevalence of slow GS, evaluate the association of GS with factors used in standard cardiovascular assessments, and evaluate the association of GS with dependence in activities of daily living (ADLs) in older adults with AS. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that gait speed would not be associated with clinical factors, but would be associated with ADLs. Methods: We evaluated GS, ADLs dependence, and Society of Thoracic Surgery score along with clinical and functional assessments in 102 older adults with AS being evaluated for transcatheter valve. Gait speed <0.5 m/s was considered slow, and GS ≥0.5 m/s was considered preserved. We assessed the association of covariates with GS as well as with ADLs dependence. Results: Median GS was 0.37 m/s (interquartile range, 0.0–0.65 m/s). Sixty-four (63%) subjects had slow GS. Of commonly employed clinical covariates, only prior coronary intervention and serum albumin were weakly associated with GS. However, GS was independently associated with ADLs dependence (Odds ratio: 1.52 [1.21-1.91] for every 0.1 m/s decrease in GS; P = 0.0003). Conclusions: Although the prevalence of slow GS in a population of elderly patients with severe AS being screened for transcatheter valve was high, there were only weak associations between GS and other risk stratifying tools. The strong association between GS and dependent functional status suggests that assessment of gait speed is a useful, objectively measurable, risk stratification tool in this population.
Zinc Inhibits Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP) Amyloidogenesis

Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (hIAPP) is a highly amyloidogenic protein found in islet cells of patients with type II diabetes. Because hIAPP is highly toxic to beta-cells under certain conditions, it has been proposed that hIAPP is linked to the loss of beta-cells and insulin secretion in type II diabetics. One of the interesting questions surrounding this peptide is how the toxic and aggregation prone hIAPP peptide can be maintained in a safe state at the high concentrations found in the secretory granule where is stored. We show here through a combination of NMR, ITC, CD, and Thioflavin T fluorescence that zinc, which is found at millimolar concentrations in the secretory granule, binds to hIAPP with a Kd of approximately 100 nM and inhibits hIAPP amyloid fibrillogenesis in the micromolar range. NMR spectroscopy shows that zinc interacts with hIAPP through coordination to His18 and a probable cation - pi stacking interaction with Phe15. ITC binding experiments with the rat variant of IAPP, which lacks His18, indicated an additional binding site with approximately 1 mM affinity. The lower affinity binding site was localized to Arg11 by NMR. The binding of zinc also alters the structure of hIAPP, rigidifying the N-terminal region of the protein in a near-helical conformation stabilizing the non-amyloid form of the peptide. The inhibition of the aggregated and toxic forms of hIAPP by zinc provides a possible mechanism between the recent discovery of linkage between deleterious mutations in the SLC30A8 zinc transporter, which transports zinc into the secretory granule, and type II diabetes.
Contribution, commercialization & audience: understanding participation in an online creative community

This paper presents a qualitative study of attitudes towards participation and contribution in an online creative community. The setting of the work is an online community of practice focused on the use and development of a user-customizable music software package called Reaktor. Findings from the study highlight four emergent topics in the discourse related to user contributions to the community: contribution assessment, support for learning, perceptions of audience and tensions about commercialization. Our analysis of these topics frames discussion about the value and challenges of attending to amateur and professional users in online creative communities.
Tracking of random number of targets with random number of sensors using Random Finite Set Theory

Variation in the number of targets and sensors needs to be addressed in any realistic sensor system. Targets may come in or out of a region or may suddenly stop emitting detectable signal. Sensors can be subject to failure for many reasons. We derive a tracking algorithm with a model that includes these variations using Random Finite Set Theory (RFST). RFST is a generalization of standard probability theory into the finite set theory domain. This generalization does come with additional mathematical complexity. However, many of the manipulations in RSFT are similar in behavior and intuition to those of standard probability theory.
A framework for new generation transportation simulation

This paper discussed the evolution and future trend of simulation in general domain and in transportation. Some challenges facing transportation modeling and simulation were identified. As an effort to address these challenges, a framework of new generation transportation simulation was developed. The framework is envisioned to be multi-scale in resolution, parallel in execution, and driven by objects. The paper further discussed strategies of transportation simulation at a nanoscopic level which offers a level of modeling detail beyond the state-of-the-art.
Postoperative Nursing Care of Gastric Bypass Patients

The incidence of morbid obesity is increasing epidemically in the United States. Multiple factors affect the disease process. Numerous methods have been used to treat morbid obesity. The current gold standard operation, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, has gained popularity. Because a variety of surgical procedures for weight loss are being performed and new procedures are being introduced, the delivery of specialized nursing care has come to the forefront. Nurses' application of current nursing literature and standards of care for postoperative gastric bypass patients puts nurses in a pivotal position to affect both early and late outcomes of these patients after surgery. Morbid obesity is defined, and current treatment trends and postoperative complications are discussed. Recognition and identification of unique nursing considerations and use of critical thinking skills to best meet the needs of postoperative gastric bypass patients, including how obesity affects hemodynamic parameters and airway management, are highlighted.
Magnetic field calculations for a large aperture narrow quadrupole

In the design of high-intensity proton synchrotrons and accumulator rings, quadrupole magnets of narrower size in one of the transverse dimensions are often needed to accommodate the compact ring geometry, the various injection and extraction devices, and the large vacuum chamber aperture. The stringent limit on tolerable beam loss further demands a good magnetic field quality to minimize beam resonances caused by higher-order magnetic multipoles. In this paper, we present results from magnetic field calculations performed on 2D and 3D models of a large-aperture narrow-quadrupoles that is suitable for a high intensity, low beam-loss accumulator rings. The pole face of the quadrupole has been optimized to minimize the integrated field of the first three allowed multipoles (12pole, 20pole and 28pole). The ratio of each integrated magnetic-multipole-strength to the integrated magnetic-quadrupole-strength at a radius of 85% of the quad's pole-tip-radius is less than 2/spl times/10/sup -4/. Results from the calculations performed on the two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of the narrow quad are presented.
Schacht's Attempted Defection from Hitler'S Germany

Hjalmar Horace Greeley Schacht was well known as a vicar of Bray in the turbulent world of interwar German politics and economics. He was president of the Reichsbank (the German Central Bank) twice, from 1923 until 1930, and then again from I933 to 1939. At the outset of his political career he appeared as a Republican banker, in sharp contrast to his rival for the presidency of the Reichsbank, Karl Helfferich, the Nationalist politician. By the end of the 1920s, he had moved to the political right; and during the winter of 1929-30 he became engaged in a furious battle against the fragile social-democratic, catholic and right and left liberal coalition headed by the SPD politician Hermann Muller.1 When he resigned in March 1930, he hoped that his resignation, ostensibly over the terms of the Young reparations plan, would bring down the coalition. The Muller government did indeed collapse within weeks, though that collapse would probably have occurred without Schacht's actions. Schacht's trump card in this intrigue was his excellent relations with foreign bankers; he presented himself as the only man capable of attracting the much-needed foreign loans. The foreign bankers in turn believed that Schacht was the only man who could stand up to the blandishments of deficit finance that threatened to lure politicians away from the straight path of fiscal rectitude. In December 1930, his contacts with the Nazi party began when he was introduced to Hermann Goring.2 In turn, Goring brought him together with Hitler. Schacht was attractive to Hitler as someone who embodied the values of fiscal orthodoxy. This was crucial to the Nazi's electoral campaigns; for it was frequently asserted in political attacks on the Nazis that their proposals on work creation would lead to a new inflation.3 Yet it was exactly inflation that many middle class Germans feared: there were many bitter memories of the early I920S. In March 1933 Schacht was reappointed to the Reichsbank, and in 1934 he became, in addition, Minister of Economics. From an early stage his relationship with the Nazi party was strained. Radical and ideological Nazis, such as Joseph Goebbels, regarded Schacht simply as a conservative block to the realization of true National Socialism. Schact in turn believed that Hitler was the only Nazi that he could really rely upon, and he surrendered, not to National Socialism, but simply to a devoted worship of the Fuhrer. Later, he said how he had been convinced by Hitler's 'dynamic force '. He
Wave Attenuation by Porous Walled Breakwater

One method proposed for minimizing the energy content of wind waves reflected from a floating bridge incorporates an L-shaped chamber as a structural part of the bridge. The basic chamber has a vertical leg perforated with circular holes, the bottom is solid. A linearized differential equation describing the hydraulics of the system has the form of a forced, damped oscillator; here, the term analogous to the natural frequency contains the key dimensions of the breakwater and an “added mass” term. Solutions show the quantitative dependence of reflection coefficient upon the ratio of wave frequency to system (natural) frequency, wave camber, wall porosity, and chamber dimensions. The breakwater is most efficient (reflection coefficient as low as 0.2) when the frequency of the incident wave is near the system frequency, which provides a design link between incident wave and optimum breakwater dimensions. A prototype design example is included.
Characterization of electrically-active defects in ultraviolet light-emitting diodes with laser-based failure analysis techniques

Laser-based failure analysis techniques demonstrate the ability to quickly and non-intrusively screen deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for electrically-active defects. In particular, two laser-based techniques, light-induced voltage alteration and thermally-induced voltage alteration, generate applied voltage maps (AVMs) that provide information on electrically-active defect behavior including turn-on bias, density, and spatial location. Here, multiple commercial LEDs were examined and found to have dark defect signals in the AVM indicating a site of reduced resistance or leakage through the diode. The existence of the dark defect signals in the AVM correlates strongly with an increased forward-bias leakage current. This increased leakage is not present in devices without AVM signals. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of a dark defect signal site revealed a dislocation cluster through the pn junction. The cluster included an open core dislocation. Even though LEDs with few dark AVM defect signals did not correlate strongly with power loss, direct association between increased open core dislocation densities and reduced LED device performance has been presented elsewhere [M. W. Moseley et al., J. Appl. Phys. 117, 095301 (2015)].
A Realistic Vision of Asian Economic Integration

In thinking about Asian economic integration, it is noteworthy that most attempts at regional economic integration have been failures. Beside the European Union (EU), the only other case that has been meaningful enough and durable enough is the North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA). Unlike the EU, NAFTA allows only limited labor mobility across countries; has no plans to coordinate exchange rate policies; and does not envisage an eventual political union. Our conclusion is that the feasible architecture for an Asian Economic Union would be a free trade and open investment area that has a regional financial facility. For the medium run, an Asian Financial Facility (AFF) would operationally be a large Asian swap facility that has its own surveillance mechanism to pre-qualify members for emergency loans. The primary mission of AFF is to reduce the cost of bad luck and not the cost of bad policies. AFF would evolve according to the progress of reforming the IMF, and to the needs created by an increasingly integrated Asia. Given the large size of East Asian foreign reserves, the AFF should take on the additional task of designing a pooling scheme where part of the East Asian reserves could be safely used to finance sound infrastructure projects in the poorest Asian countries. It is important that the AFF does not suffer from the institutional inertia that is characteristic of the present global organizations like the Security Council of the United Nations, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The leadership structure of the AFF should be designed to avoid simply locking in the balance of economic power that existed at the time of its founding. Given the great disparity in the present and future distribution of economic power in East Asia, and the greater restrictions on labor mobility within the (commonly proposed) Asian Economic Union, a NAFTA-type of Asian Economic Union would be preferable to an EU-type of Asian Economic Union. Exchange rate coordination might occur sporadically but it is unlikely to be the norm in the medium term, and most possibly even in the long term. East Asia should therefore be focusing its energy on creating as wide a free trade area as possible (i.e. be geographically unrestricted), and forgo the unrealistic goal of a common Asian currency. However, if an Asian common currency is still adopted, then the lesson from the Greek crisis in early 2010 is that it is necessary for the Asian Financial Facility to become the Asian Monetary Fund.
Effect of Magnesium Deficiency on Synthesis of Heart and Liver Mitochondria Phospholipids

Abstract1. the effect of magnesium deficiency on synthesis of heart and liver mitochondria phospholipids was studied in young rats.2. A statistically signifisant decrease occurred in synthesis of total heart mitochondria phospholipids after 4 days of magnesium deficiency. However, there was no change in synthesis of phospholipids in the liver.3. A decrease in phosphatidyl inositol, serine, ethanolamine, sphingomyelin and lecithin concentration in heart mitochondria occurred during development of magnesium deficiency. A decreased synthesis occurred in lecithin, sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl inositol fractions.
Repair by genetic recombination in bacteria: overview.

DNA molecules that have been damaged in both strands at the same level are not subject to repair by excision but instead can be repaired through recombination with homologous molecules. Examples of two-strand damage include postreplication gaps opposite pyrimidine dimers, two-strand breaks produced by X-rays, and chemically induced interstrand cross-links. In ultraviolet-irradiated bacteria, the newly synthesized DNA is of length equal to the interdimer spacing. With continued incubation, this low-molecular-weight DNA is joined into highmolecular-weight chains (postreplication repair), a process associated with sister exchanges in bacteria. Recombination is initiated by pyrimidine dimers opposite postreplication gaps and by interstrand cross-links that have been cut by excision enzymes. The free ends at the resulting gaps presumably initiate the exchanges. Postreplication repair in Escherichia coli occurs in recB − and recC − but is greatly slowed in recF − mutants. RecB and recC are the structural genes for exonuclease V, which digests two-stranded DNA by releasing oligonucleotides first from one strand and then from the other. The postreplication sister exchanges in ultraviolet-irradiated bacteria result in the distribution of pyrimidine dimers between parental and daughter strands, indicating that long exchanges involving both strands of each duplex occur.
The Spectral Dependence of the Non-Radiative Efficiency in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon

The room temperature non-radiative efficiency, defined as the ratio of the heat released per absorbed photon for doped and undoped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) has been measured using photo-pyroelectric spectroscopy (PPES) for photon energies ranging from 2.5 to 1.6 eV. There is a fairly sharp minimum in the non-radiative efficiency when the a-Si:H is illuminated with near bandgap photons. We describe a model wherein this minimum arises from the variation in the amount of heat generated by free carrier thermalization as the incident photon energy is varied, and report measurements of the excitation kinetics of the non-radiative efficiency which support this proposal.
Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange and Ca2+ depletion in rat proximal tubules.

The removal of external Ca2+ ([Ca2+]o) reduces cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in rat proximal tubules. In this report the role of external Na+ ([Na+]o) on the changes of [Ca2+]i and Ca2+ efflux caused by withdrawal of [Ca2+]o is described in rat renal proximal tubules. In aequorin-loaded tubules [Ca2+]i decreased from 235 +/- 25 to 48 +/- 16 (n = 4, P = 0.017), and 45Ca2+ fractional efflux ratio (45Ca2+ FER) increased from 0.94 +/- 0.03 to 1.64 +/- 0.19 (n = 6, P = 0.021) when Ca2+ was withdrawn from the bathing media of Krebs buffer (KB). The fall of [Ca2+]i, as well as the activation of 45Ca2+ FER, was reversed when [Na+]o in Ca(2+)-free KB was lowered isosmotically from 150 to 15 mM. However, when tubules were superfused with only 5 mM [Na+]o before [Ca2+]o was removed, [Ca2+]i also declined, but 45Ca2+ FER did not increase. The Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange inhibitor dichlorobenzamil (DCB) added after [Ca2+]o was removed evoked responses similar to [Na+]o removal, although DCB also inhibited internal Ca2+ release. Th...
Human macrophages are susceptible to coronavirus OC43.

Adherent adult and cord blood macrophages were infected with human coronavirus OC43 at a multiplicity of 1–1.5 and washed twice to remove unbound virus. Virus progeny was detected in the supernatant on day 1 and peaked at 2–3 days at an average titer of 5±3.9 x 106pfu/ml from seven samples. Viral RNA was detected by nested set RT-PCR in infected macrophages incubated for 48 hr. Intracellular viral nucleocapsid was detected in 15% of the cells and surface staining for viral spike antigen was observed using monoclonal antibodies. Amplification of infectious virus and detection viral RNA and antigen synthesis in macrophages in vitro indicates susceptibility to OC43 virus.
The Effect of Cyclosporine Concentration on the Labeling Efficiency of an In Vitro Technetium-99m Red Blood Cell Labeling Procedure

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if the presence of cyclosporine A (CsA) in whole-blood samples decreased labeling efficiency when an in vitro red blood cell labeling procedure is used. Methods: Red blood cells were labeled by an in vitro method which required sodium pertechnetate, disodium edetate (EDTA), stannous chloride and stopper down centrifugation. Labeling efficiencies were calculated and plotted. Results: When 2 μg of stannous ion was used to label RBCs, no significant change in labeling efficiency was observed with different concentrations of CsA. Upon increasing the concentration of stannous ion per sample, no improvement in labeling efficiency was observed. Conclusion: Cyclosporine levels in the blood do not affect the labeling of red blood cells if 2 μg of stannous ion per milliliter of patient whole blood are used. Quality RBC labeling with sodium pertechnetate is possible even when patients have high cyclosporine blood levels.
Pain Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Dementia: Factors Associated with Undertreatment.

Objective. To identify factors associated with no analgesic treatment in community-dwelling older adults with mild-to-moderate dementia and moderate-to-severe pain. Design. Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Setting. Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Subjects. Two hundred and two older adults (mean age = 79.27 years). Methods. Guided by the Behavioral Model of Health Service Utilization, participants completed questionnaires regarding predisposing (age, gender, race, educational level, care partner relationship), enabling (income), and need (pain interference, depressive symptoms, cognitive functioning) characteristics. Results. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses revealed that participants with greater income (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.63–0.99) and greater pain interference (OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63–0.99) were less likely to have no analgesic treatment. We also examined whether other factors such as depressive symptoms influenced the relationship between pain interference and pain treatment. Those with less pain interference were more likely to have no analgesic treatment (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01–1.08), but only if they had lower levels of depressive symptoms (b = -0.52, P = 0.005). Conclusion. The initiation of analgesic trials is complicated for individuals with dementia and comorbid pain and depressive symptomology. Future research should focus on identifying the most effective assessment and treatment procedures to best direct clinical care for this population.
Intraocular lymphoma. Clinical and histopathologic diagnosis.

Background: Intraocular lymphoma is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but early diagnosis and treatment may improve prognosis. Methods: The diagnostic features of 12 cases of intraocular lymphoma diagnosed at the National Eye Institute between 1984 and 1992 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A pathologic diagnosis of large B-cell lymphoma was made on vitrectomy specimens in ten patients, cerebral spinal fluid in one, and on an enucleation specimen in one. The mean time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was 21.4 months (range, 1–66 months). All 12 patients were given a final diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the central nervous system (NHL-CNS), based on the epidemiology, pathology, and clinical course of their tumors. Although an initial vitrectomy was negative for malignant cells in three of ten patients, a repeat vitrectomy specimen subsequently showed intraocular lymphoma. Results of examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed malignant cells in 5 of 11 patients, although malignant cells were only identified after repeat examination of additional samples of CSF in three of these patients. Malignant cells often are difficult to identify, and an experienced cytopathologist was critical in making the correct diagnosis. In addition, corticosteroids are lympholytic to the lymphoma cells, and they appeared to decrease the viability of tumor cells obtained in samples of vitreous and CSF. Conclusion: The prompt, appropriate handling of specimens and review by an experienced cytopathologist are critical to the diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma. Malignant cells often are present in the cerebral spinal fluid at the time that ocular lymphoma is diagnosed. Nevertheless, multiple vitrectomies and lumbar punctures may be necessary before the correct diagnosis is made.
A GWAS of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Letter.

We read with interest the article by Siiskonen and colleagues describing a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) among individuals of European ancestry ([1][1]), which reported cSCC associations with variants at five genetic loci, based on data from 1,276
Results on invariance-based feedback control for hybrid dynamical systems

We present results for forward invariance-based control of hybrid dynamical systems via static feedback. Using recent results on forward invariance for hybrid systems without inputs, we present conditions on the state-feedback laws to induce forward invariance of a set for hybrid systems with inputs. In addition, we propose a notion of control Lyapunov function (CLF) that is suitable for the study of forward invariance of sublevel sets. Conditions that guarantee the existence of CLF-based feedback laws inducing forward invariance of sublevel sets are established. Examples are given to illustrate the results.
Combinations of L-NG-monomethyl-arginine and oseltamivir against pandemic influenza A virus infections in mice:

L-NG-monomethyl-arginine (L-NMMA) is an experimental compound that suppresses nitric oxide production in animals. The compound was combined with oseltamivir to treat lethal influenza A/California/04/2009 (H1N1) pandemic virus infections in mice. Treatments were given twice a day for five days starting 4 h (oseltamivir, by oral gavage) or three days (L-NMMA, by intraperitoneal route; corresponding to the time previously reported for nitric oxide induction in the animals) after infection. Low doses of oseltamivir were used in order to demonstrate synergy or antagonism. Oseltamivir monotherapy protected 70% of mice from death at 1 mg/kg/day. L-NMMA (40 and 80 mg/kg/day) was ineffective alone in preventing mortality. Compared to oseltamivir treatment alone, L-NMMA combined with oseltamivir was synergistically effective (as evaluated by three-dimensional MacSynergy analysis), resulting in survival increases from 20 to 70% when 40 or 80 mg/kg/day of L-NMMA was combined with 0.3 mg/kg/day of oseltamivir, and from 70 to 100% survival increases when these doses were combined with 1 mg/kg/day of oseltamivir. These data demonstrate that a nitric oxide inhibitor such as L-NMMA has the potential to be beneficial when combined with oseltamivir in treating influenza virus infections.
El Arte Poética en Romance Castellano (1580) de Miguel Sánchez de Lima y la preceptiva poética castellana de influencia italiana de finales del siglo XVI

The first poetic principles that organized and fixed the new way of doing poetry in Spanish—both in their maxims and in their uses—did not appear in the Iberian Peninsula until almost the last two decades of the sixteenth century. However, this fact does not imply that the Spanish poets were not caught up in the new winds of change, which it started during the Thirties of the same century in Italy, just the opposite. Therefore, some normative texts, which seek to explain and systematize the new poetic regulation, just all in Spanish instead of in Latin, begin to diffidently appear from 1580. El Arte Poetica en Romance Castellano (1580), by the Portuguese poet Miguel Sanchez de Lima, is one of the first attempts that tries to justify and set up the new literary precepts of the moment, in contrast to the old medieval Spanish literary theories.
REDUCTION OF HEMOLYSIS DURING EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION

Fructose 1, 6-diphosphate (FDP) has been shown to improve erythrocyte viability and osmotic resistance during cold storage. These actions are thought to be due to improved energy production and subsequent improvement of energy dependent membrane stability. It was hypothesized that FDP may protect the erythrocyte membrane from the mechanical stresses encountered during extracorporeal circulation. To test this hypothesis, an in vitro circuit was constructed using 1/4″ Tygon tubing, a roller pump and a 40 u filter. Heparinized human blood was diluted to a Hct of 25 ± 1%. Aliquots of 125 ml were placed in the apparatus and circulated at 300 ml/min. Determinations of plasma hemoglobin (hgb) as an index of hemolysis were made at the beginning of circulation and at 1 hr intervals thereafter for a period of 5 hrs. FDP (500 mg/125ml) was added to the blood/saline suspension of the experimental group (n=10). A control group (n=10) received an equal volume of 5% glucose in 0.9% saline. Mean hemolysis in the experimental group was significantly less (p<0.01) than control at all determination intervals. Hemolytic rate expressed as the slope of the line defined by log plasma hgb vs time was also significantly lower (0.19 vs 0.30; p<0.01) in the FDP treated group as compared to controls. It is concluded that FDP reduces erythrocyte hemolysis during extracorporeal circulation in an in vitro model.
Catch It If You Can: Real-Time Network Anomaly Detection with Low False Alarm Rates

Unsupervised anomaly detection (AD) has shown promise against the frequently new cyberattacks. But, as anomalies are not always malicious, such systems generate prodigious false alarm rates. The resulting manual validation workload often overwhelms the IT operators: it slows down the system reaction by orders of magnitude and ultimately thwarts its applicability. Therefore, we propose a real-time network AD system that reduces the manual workload by coupling 2 learning stages. The first stage performs adaptive unsupervised AD using a shallow autoencoder. The second stage uses a custom nearest-neighbor classifier to filter the false positives by modeling the manual classification. We implement a prototype for 10-50Gbps speeds and evaluate it with traffic from a national network operator: we achieve 98.5% true and 1.3% false positive rates, while reducing the human intervention rate by 5x.
Scoring More After Service Failures: Why Do Customers Overclaim?

More and more customers attempt to claim what they can, rather than what they are offered by the service firm after service failures. The present article empirically investigates the role of situat...
Reconfigurable Memory Module in the RAMP System for Stream Processing

A memory module with logic to support random access (RAM), FIFO access (FIFO), delay line implementation (DELAY), and lookup table implementation (LUT) is described in this chapter. The memory module can be reconfigured statically to be in one of the four modes (RAM, FIFO, DELAY, LUT) and is part of a system containing reconfigurable clusters of memory and processors, called RAMP. Each cluster in RAMP has a memory module, four computation processors, and an I/O processor that communicate using a handshake protocol. The memory module uses a self-timed memory array with separate data lines for read and write. The memory array consists of rows of memory cells and a dummy row circuit that mimics the worst case delay in accessing the memory. This dummy circuit generates a done signal when read/write has been completed.
Physical and psychosocial factors associated with depression among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a Federally Qualified Healthcare Center.

ABSTRACTPurpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence of depression and physical and psychosocial factors associated with depression among adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).Methods: The sample included 421 patients with T2DM at a Federally Qualified Healthcare Center in a southern state. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used to measure the severity of depression.Results: The multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that the likelihood of depression increased as the level of pain increased and as the level of ambulation difficulties increased. The likelihood of depression increased as the number of traumatic events increased and as the number of SES-related stressors increased. Expectedly, the likelihood of depression decreased as levels of self-esteem increased.Conclusions: The findings support that health care providers developing care plans for individuals with diabetes need to include assessments and interventions that address both the physical and psychoso...
Physician–patient shared decision making in the treatment of primary immunodeficiency: an interview-based survey of immunologists

Background: Patient–physician shared decision making (SDM) can result in better care as well as reduced treatment costs. A better understanding of the factors predicting when physicians implement SDM during the treatment of primary immunodeficiency (PID) could provide insight for making recommendations to improve outcomes and reduce healthcare costs in PID and other long-term chronic conditions.Method: This study made use of grounded theory and was based on the interview responses of 15 immunologists in the United States. It focused on their decision making in the diagnosis and treatment of PID, how they interact with patients, and the circumstances under which they encourage SDM with patients.Results: All invited immunologists took part in the interviews and were included in the study. All but one had 10 or more years of experience in treating PID. The study found that SDM is bounded/limited by “nudging” bias, power balance considerations, and consideration of patient health literacy alignment. Immunolog...
Climatic niche comparison among ploidal levels in the classic autopolyploid system, Galax urceolata

Premise of the study Autopolyploidy, or whole-genome duplication within a species, leads to closely related cytotypes in one geographic location. One hypothesized mechanism by which autopolyploids become established is climatic niche divergence from their diploid progenitor. Here we tested this hypothesis in diploid, triploid, and tetraploid Galax urceolata (Diapensiaceae) and predicted the effects of climate change on the relative distributions of these cytotypes. Methods We investigated whether climatic niche divergence has shaped the current distributions of Galax urceolata cytotypes in eastern North America using climatic niche modeling, multivariate analyses of environmental space, and geographic range analyses. We then projected the models of the three cytotypes onto an ensemble of future climate maps to determine how the distributions might be altered over time. Key results All cytotypes are geographically sympatric; however, climatic niche contraction and a slight niche shift of the tetraploids was observed relative to that of the diploids. Climate projections for all diploid and tetraploid cytotypes showed substantial range contraction without much, or any, range shift, suggesting that Galax urceolata will likely go extinct in nature as mountain refugia become warmer. Conclusions Galax urceolata tetraploids occupy a slightly wetter habitat than that of their diploid progenitors. While we cannot take into account future adaptation, our models suggest extensive decreases in range distributions for both diploid and tetraploid G. urceolata based on climate change projections. Galax urceolata may therefore be under extreme threat due to loss of suitable habitat, and conservation efforts will be needed.
Pulse-Coupled Synchronization With Guaranteed Clock Continuity

Clock synchronization is a widely discussed topic in the engineering literature. Ensuring that individual clocks are closely aligned is important in network systems, since the correct timing of various events in a network is usually necessary for proper system implementation. However, many existing clock synchronization algorithms update clock values abruptly and instantaneously, resulting in discontinuous clocks, which have been shown to lead to undesirable behavior. In this paper, we explore the generalization of the pulse-coupled oscillator model to guarantee clock continuity, achieving continuous phase evolution in any pulse-coupled oscillator network. We provide rigorous mathematical proof for pulse-coupled synchronization under the proposed phase continuity methods, along with analysis of the time to synchronization under phase continuity. Two simple methods to achieve the desired continuity are presented. We further provide simulation and experimental results supporting these proofs, analyzing the effects of the phase continuity methods to convergence. We also investigate the convergence behavior of other pulse-coupled oscillator synchronization algorithms using the proposed methods.
Medical investigation after a motorcoach strikes the rear of a tractor semitrailer parked on the highway; 13 fatal.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the medical conditions of 2 commercial drivers and the effects of physical barriers to occupant egress in a crash involving a tractor trailer and a motorcoach in order to assess and identify the factors that caused the crash and had a significant effect on occupant extrication. METHODS Physical evidence from the scene, video evidence, commercial driver information, phone records, toxicology findings, autopsy results, and personal medical information were reviewed. RESULTS On October 23, 2016, at 5:16 a.m., a motorcoach carrying a driver and 42 passengers struck the rear of a stopped semitrailer occupied by its driver in the center-right lane of Interstate 10 at highway speed outside Palm Springs, California. The motorcoach driver and 12 passengers died; 11 passengers were seriously injured. All traffic had been stopped on I-10 early that morning to allow electrical lines to be strung over the highway. Security camera footage showed that the truck arrived at the end of a traffic queue 2 min before traffic flow resumed. Physical evidence indicated that the truck's parking brake was still engaged at the time of the collision about 2 min later. The truck driver had a body mass index (BMI) between 45.6 and 50 kg/m2, which placed him at very high risk of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea; he also inaccurately recalled that he had been stopped for 20-25 min and had placed the vehicle in gear just before the collision. The motorcoach driver was on the return leg of an overnight trip to a casino. Based on his phone records, known driving time, and security camera footage, at the time of the collision he had had 4 h of sleep opportunity in the preceding 35 h. There was no evidence that the motorcoach driver attempted any evasive action before the collision. In addition, postmortem testing revealed a hemoglobin A1C of 11.4%, indicating poorly controlled diabetes; this was apparently undiagnosed prior to the crash. The motorcoach was equipped with a single loading door at the front of the vehicle; it was rendered inoperable by the collision. Emergency egress was initially carried out through the emergency exit windows, but they repeatedly swung shut, impeding passengers' efforts to exit. Emergency responders eventually cut open the bus wall to create a larger means of egress. Overall, it took almost 3 h to extricate the occupants from the vehicle. CONCLUSIONS The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) determined that the probable cause of the accident was the truck driver's falling asleep, most likely due to undiagnosed moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea, and the motorcoach driver's failure to identify the stopped truck as a hazard requiring evasive action, most likely as the result of fatigue. Additional easy-to-use emergency exits would have decreased the time to extricate the occupants.
Exploring Patterns of Habitat Diversity Across Landscapes Using Partial Ordering

Potential habitat suitability was assessed for species groupings of vertebrate fauna in the State of Pennsylvania, USA as part of a nationally coordinated GAP Analysis Program to find gaps in provision for conservation of important habitats. Diversity values were compiled spatially at a resolution of one square kilometre from species models developed at 30-meter resolution. Diversity patterns differ in varying degrees among species groups for mammals, birds, amphibians, snakes/lizards, turtles, and fishes. Comparing the patterns for partial ordering on watershed extents using statistical indices of ranking can facilitate determination of inter-group commonality and contrast. This helps to designate watersheds as having importance from multi-group and particular group perspectives. Partial ordering on the basis of rank-range runs is particularly informative when combined with levels of counter-indication corresponding to levels in a Hasse diagram. This serves to segregate sets having combinatorial clarity of condition relative to conservation from settings where disparate conditions may offer opportunities for targeted restoration. Disparity of conditions on multiple bio-indicators may arise from habitat heterogeneity as well as differential degradation. Broadening the spectrum of indicators will usually increase the apparent complexity of the conservation context.
2D TMDCs-Based NIR Photodetector on a Silicon Microring Cavity

Here, we report a photodetector (PD) based on heterogeneous integration of Few-layer MoTe 2 integrated on MRR by using our developed 2D printer technique. The device is realized in a two-terminal in-plane electrode configuration without applying external gating, showing a responsivity of (∼0.1 A/W).
The Influence of the Metal Spin State in the Iron-Catalyzed Alkene Isomerization Reaction Studied with Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy†

The process of iron- and ruthenium-assisted alkene isomerization is investigated with ultrafast time-resolved infrared spectroscopy under ambient conditions. M(CO)4(η2-1,4-PD) (M = Ru, Fe; PD = pentadiene) was irradiated with a 100 femtosecond pulse of 266 nm light in a solution of cyclohexane, and a single carbonyl was photodissociated. When M = Ru, experimental results indicate that both Ru(CO)3(η4-1,4-PD) and HRu(CO)3(η3-allyl) form within a few picoseconds, and their populations do not change significantly out to 800 ps. When M = Fe, the coordinatively unsaturated triplet metal complex, 3Fe(CO)3(η2-1,4PD), was observed to form rapidly and rearranged to HFe(CO)3(η3-allyl) at a rate of (4.8 ± 0.2) × 108 s-1. Surprisingly, the triplet iron complex did not coordinate the free alkene on the pentadiene ligand on the ultrafast time scale. The difference in reactivity between the iron- and the ruthenium-assisted alkene isomerization is due to differences in spin state of the coordinatively unsaturated metal c...
MnB6-: An Open-Shell Metallaboron Analog of 3d Metallabenzenes.

We report a study of the structure and bonding of a transition-metal-doped boron cluster, MnB6-, using high-resolution photoelectron imaging and quantum chemical calculations. Vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra indicate a significant geometry change between the anionic and neutral ground states of MnB6. The electron affinity of MnB6 is measured to be 2.4591(5) eV, and vibrational frequencies for five of its vibrational modes were determined. The experimental data are combined with theoretical calculations to determine the structure and bonding of MnB6-, which is found to be planar with a B-centered hexagonal structure (C2v symmetry) and a quintet spin state (5A2). Nuclear-independent chemical shift calculations indicate that MnB6- is aromatic. Molecular orbital analyses reveal that MnB6- contains three π orbitals, one of which is singly occupied. Hence, MnB6- can be considered as an open-shell metallaboron analog of 3d metallabenzenes.
Dynamic metrics of natural ventilation cooling effectiveness for interactive modeling

Abstract The evaluation of natural ventilation potential for cooling indoor spaces during the early design phases is of great interest to researchers and practitioners. Among various definitions and usages for natural ventilation potential (NVP) in early design evaluation, this paper reviews and identifies the key performance indicators, and proposes two new dynamic metrics—natural ventilation cooling effectiveness (NVCE) and climate potential utilization ratio (CPUR). The metrics are dynamically responsive to various design options, in both steady and transient states, allowing consideration of thermal mass. Assisting in design development processes, the metrics quantify how well indoor spaces make use of natural ventilation's cooling capacity. Case studies are presented to demonstrate how NVCE and CPUR enable designers to evaluate the predicted performance and how to apply the information to improve building design. The results of the design iterations showed that the relationship among various design parameters should be dynamically understood in order to evaluate the performance of natural ventilation, confirming that “the more the airflow, the greater the potential,” and “the heavier the thermal mass, the greater the energy saving” were not always true.