cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensorineural hearing loss: more than meets the eye?

PURPOSE To assess the value of MR in patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) caused by lesions other than acoustic neuromas. METHODS MR studies of 51 patients with SNHL were retrospectively reviewed; patients with acoustic neuroma were excluded to focus on the more uncommon causes. RESULTS Twenty patients had labyrinthine lesions. Six patients had viral labyrinthitis, one patient had bacterial labyrinthitis, and one patient had luetic labyrinthitis. Three patients had hemorrhage in the labyrinth, two posttraumatic and one spontaneous from an adjacent temporal bone tumor. Only one of the two patients with traumatic labyrinthine hemorrhage had evidence of a fracture on high-resolution CT. In one patient with CT-proved cochlear otosclerosis, peri-cochlear foci of enhancement were seen on contrast-enhanced MR. Four patients had presumed labyrinthine schwannomas. A middle ear cholesteatoma in one patient invaded the cochlea and resulted in marked cochlear enhancement due to granulation tissue. Thirteen patients had intracanalicular and cerebellopontine angle lesions. The lesions included arteriovenous malformations (three patients), sarcoidosis (three patients), metastasis (two patients), lymphoma (two patients), lipomas (two patients), and postshunt meningeal fibrosis (one patient). Eighteen patients had intra-axial lesions responsible for SNHL. The most common intra-axial lesions were brain stem infarcts and multiple sclerosis. Traumatic lesions in the inferior colliculi, sarcoidosis, lymphoma, and extrinsic compression of the colliculi from a pineal tumor were also noted. CONCLUSION MR can demonstrate numerous lesions responsible for SNHL other than acoustic neuromas. The entire acoustic pathways, including the labyrinth, internal auditory canal, cerebellopontine angle, and brain stem should be carefully scrutinized for lesions in patients with SNHL. The use of contrast media markedly increases the yield of MR in this clinical situation by demonstrating inflammatory and neoplastic labyrinthine lesions and meningeal pathology (both neoplastic and inflammatory) in the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle cistern.
The Information Needs and Behavior of Mature Community College Students: A Review of Literature

This paper is a review of literature devoted to the unique information needs and information-seeking behavior of the growing nontraditional or mature community college student population. This underserved user group faces distinctive challenges that librarians, researchers, and administrators must recognize and address. Much of the existing research focuses on nontraditional students at four-year colleges or traditional students at community colleges. While these studies are useful, they omit many of the factors that interfere with mature community college students’ access to information. The gaps in the current field of literature dedicated to this group highlight the importance of continued research and the call for more specific user studies.
Cu2{[18]ane-N6} complexes: structures, magnetism, and phosphate monoester binding.

A novel CuII2 complex of the [18]ane-N6 macrocycle ([18]ane-N6 = 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaazacyclooctadecane) was prepared from the reaction between [18]ane-N6 and CuII salts such as Cu(NO3)2 and Cu(OAc)2. A structural study of the complex derived from Cu(OAc)2 (1) revealed a CuII2 core encircled by a [18]ane-N6 ligand and two μ-O-OAc ligands. The facile replacement of μ-O-OAc by a phosphate monoester [PO3(OR)2-] yielded a number of bis(phosphate monoester)dicopper complexes with ROPO32- as hydrogen phosphate (HPO42-, 3a), phenyl phosphate [PO3(OPh)2-, 3b], glycerol 2-phosphate [PO3(OCH(CH2OH)2)2-, 3c], α-d-gluocose phosphate [PO3(C6H11O6)2-, 3d], and dl-α-glycerol phosphate [PO3(OCH2CHOHCH2OH)2-, 3e]. Structural studies of compounds 3a−d confirmed both the retention of the Cu2{[18]ane-N6} core and a μ-O-PO3(OR) coordination mode. Displacement of acetate by a phosphate monoester in an aqueous solution was accompanied by a significant change in the visible absorption, which enables the establishment of relative ...
Implicit Cognition and the Maintenance and Treatment of Major Depression.

Although extensive research has identified the role of consciously expressed cognition in the onset and maintenance of depression, much less work has directly examined the role of nonconscious, automatic, implicit cognition biases and depression. Further, whereas there is evidence of changes in self-report measures of cognition following cognitive therapy, there has been little work that identifies the specific therapeutic techniques that may directly modify nonconscious implicit cognition among depressed individuals. Improving our understanding of the role of implicit cognition in depression and how to manage these cognitive processes may help add to the efficacy of cognitive therapy. We review the literature examining the association between implicit cognition and depression and then describe potential therapeutic strategies for managing nonconscious implicit cognition biases in depression. Finally, we propose future directions of study, including a proposed cognitive-interpersonal framework for understanding therapeutic interactions in managing implicit cognition biases.
Quantification of breast density with dual energy mammography: An experimental feasibility study

Purpose: Breast density, the percentage of glandular breast tissue, has been shown to be a strong indicator of breast cancer risk. A quantitative method to measure breast density with dual energy mammography was investigated using physical phantoms. Methods: The dual energy mammography system used a tungsten anode x-ray tube with a 50 {mu}m rhodium beam filter for low energy images and a 300 {mu}m copper beam filter for high energy images. Glandular and adipose equivalent phantoms of uniform thickness were used to calibrate a dual energy basis decomposition algorithm. Four different phantom studies were used to evaluate the technique. The first study consisted of phantoms with thicknesses of 2.5-8.5 cm in 0.5 cm steps with variable densities centered at a mean of 28%. The second study consisted of phantoms at a fixed thickness of 4.0 cm, which ranged in densities from 0% to 100% in increments of 12.5%. The third study consisted of 4.0 cm thick phantoms at densities of 25%, 50% and 75% each imaged at three areal sizes, approximately 62.5, 125, and 250 cm{sup 2}, in order to assess the effect of breast size on density measurement. The fourth study consisted of step phantoms designed to more closelymore » mimic the shape of a female breast with maximal thicknesses from 3.0 to 7.0 cm at a fixed density of 50%. All images were corrected for x-ray scatter. Results: The RMS errors in breast density measurements were 0.44% for the variable thickness phantoms, 0.64% for the variable density phantoms, 2.87% for the phantoms of different areal sizes, and 4.63% for step phantoms designed to closely resemble the shape of a breast. Conclusions: The results of the phantom studies indicate that dual energy mammography can be used to measure breast density with an RMS error of approximately 5%.« less
An investigation of lead chromate (crocoite-PbCrO 4 ) and other inorganic pigments in aged traffic paint samples from Hamilton, Ohio: implications for lead in the environment

Traffic paint samples collected from roads in the City of Hamilton, Butler County, OH, USA were investigated to determine whether or not pigments are hazardous and are of environmental concern. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicate that white and gray paint samples are dominated by calcite, rutile, anatase and quartz and blue traffic paint samples are dominated by calcite and barite. XRD and SEM indicate that most yellow traffic paints have lead chromate (crocoite-PbCrO4) with common particle sizes that are typically 125–350 nm in length and 75–200 nm in width. Larger aggregates of several micrometers in diameter are also observed. The solubility of PbCrO4 (1.34 × 10−7 mol/L at 25 °C) combined with an increase in solubility with exposure to 0.05–0.25 M NaCl and CaCl2 road treatments solutions as demonstrated by basic batch experiments likely makes PbCrO4 from traffic paint a potential source for lead pollution in surface water and groundwater that is not fully recognized.
History of the Bradford Mechanics′ Institute Library

Describes the history of the Bradford Mechanics′ Institute Library, which was founded in 1832, in relation to prevailing educational and social circumstances. Discusses changes resulting from the Education Act of 1870 when education passed into public hands. Considers the Library′s present survival and the circumstances hindering and harming that survival, which are mostly concerned with funding.
Communication in computer science classrooms: understanding defensive climates as a means of creating supportive behaviors

All learning environments are characterized by numerous communication and interaction practices, which lend themselves to an overall characterization of the climate as defensive or supportive. A case study of public communication and interaction in a large, research-intensive university's first year computer science courses illustrates a learning environment primarily characterized by elements and behaviors associated with a defensive communication climate. Descriptions of classroom interactions and behaviors illustrate what a defensive communication climate “looks like” in terms of behavior, based on extensive observational research. Interview data demonstrates that defensive communication practices can lead to attrition among women in the major and illustrates ways in which the communication climate that characterizes the major is experienced and interpreted by women in the courses. This data also links defensive communication behaviors with lower confidence among women toward their major --- results consistent with previous studies of the causes of attrition among women in other Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines. Classroom experiences and behaviors that reflect a more supportive communication climate will be discussed within the context of practices and interactions that professors can engage in to ensure that their courses lean toward a supportive rather than a defensive environment as a way of making computer science learning environments more inclusive.
On the relation between Nash equilibria and undominated strategies for two person, finite games

Abstract We show the equivalence between the existence of Nash equilibria for two-person finite games and sets of strategies being undominated relative to each other. An example shows that similar results will not be true for games with three or more players.
Current regulatory toxicology perspectives on the development of herbal medicines to prescription drug products in the United States.

Abstract Toxicological studies constitute an essential part of the effort in developing an herbal medicine into a drug product. The US food and drug administration (FDA) published a guidance to assist academic and industry sponsors in the development of this unique group of drug products, and has recently approved an new drug application (NDA) based on green tea extract (Veregen®) for topical treatment of genital and perianal warts. In this article, current regulatory views on issues related to requirements and recommendations on various types of nonclinical toxicity studies in support of clinical trials and filing an NDA for a herbal medicine, including pharm/tox aspects of green tea extract (Veregen®) NDA, are discussed. Topics include nonclinical pharmacology/toxicology perspectives on herbal nomenclature and its identification, previous human experience and initial clinical trial proposal, regulatory aspects of acute toxicity studies, chronic toxicity studies, mutagenicity studies, reproductive toxicity studies, and carcinogenicity studies on botanicals. Certain regulatory review-related issues are also presented. It is anticipated that through a proactive two-way communication between the Agency and the sponsor, toxicological development of botanical drug product can be significantly facilitated.
Topological characterization of normal modes in chains and rings

A method for predicting molecular stretching frequencies and normal coordinates for chain and ring pseudomolecules from topological considerations is presented. From previously published hydrocarbon force fields, complete GF product matrices for stretching are calculated for the chain and ring species. It is seen that with little loss of computational accuracy, these GF products can be approximated as GF = αE + βA, where A is a topological adjacency matrix. Consequently, semi-quantitative calculation of the stretching spectra of the pseudomolecules considered requires only a specification of bond connectivities.
Mountain biking injuries: an update

This article reviews the available literature regarding injuries in off-road bicyclists. Recent progress in injury research has allowed the description of several patterns of injury in this sport. Mountain biking remains popular, particularly among young males, although sales and participation figures have decreased in the last several years. Competition in downhill racing has increased, while cross-country racing has decreased somewhat in popularity. Recreational riders comprise the largest segment of participants, but little is known about the demographics and injury epidemiology of noncompetitive mountain cyclists. Most mountain bikers participating in surveys reported a history of previous injuries, but prospective studies conducted at mountain bike races have found injury rates of <1%. The most common mechanism of injury involves a forward fall over the handlebars, usually while riding downhill, which can result in direct trauma to the head, torso and upper extremities. A variety of factors can be associated with this type of fall, including trail surface irregularities, mechanical failures and loss of control. In mountain bike racing the risk of injury may be higher for women than men. Minor injuries such as abrasions and contusions occur frequently, but are usually of little consequence. Fractures usually involve the torso or upper extremities, and shoulder injuries are common. Head and face injuries are not always prevented by current helmet designs. Fatal injuries are rare but have been reported. Improvements in safety equipment, rider training and racecourse design are suggested injury prevention measures. The authors encourage continued research in this sport.
Evaluation in the General Services Administration: Adapting for greater efficiency and utility

Over time, the General Services Administration evaluation functions have been decentralized throughout the management structure and have become more sharply focused on management issues, partly in response to cuts in budget and personnel.
Simple apparatus for blocking small animal brains.

A modification of previously described devices for blocking small animal brains is presented. The apparatus is easily constructed and allows for blocking at various angles of both fixed and unfixed tissue of most small laboratory animals.
Pores with Undulating Diameter for Multipronged Characterization of Single Particles and Cells in Resistive-Pulse Technique

Single pores in resistive-pulse technique have been successfully used for the detection of cells, viruses, particles, and even molecules such as DNA and proteins. We have investigated application of pores with undulating opening diameter for the detection of particles and characterization of their physical and mechanical properties including size, shape and squishiness. The resistive pulses generated by polymer spheres passing through these pores had a repeatable pattern of large variations corresponding to these diameter changes. We showed that this pattern of variations enabled the unambiguous resolution of multiple particles simultaneously in the pore, that it could detect transient sticking of particles within the pore, and that it could confirm whether any individual particle completely translocated the pore. These results have practical importance for increasing the speed of resistive-pulse sensing, optimizing the detection of specific analytes, and identifying particle shapes. We also showed pores with undulating opening diameter developed local pressure drops, which were sufficiently large to probe mechanical properties of passing objects. Application to hydrogels as well as biological cells will be discussed.Methods to measure diffusion coefficient and electrokinetic velocity of individual particles will be discussed in context of performing detection from diluted solutions of an analyte. Balancing all forces acting on particles allowed us to observe random walk of individual particles in a pore and estimate their diffusion coefficient from the variance of diffusion velocities of a particle. Trapping of particles/cells for a controllable amount of time between few milliseconds and a few minutes will be presented as well.
How does energy separate in the fringes produced by intersecting beams

Spatial energy re-distribution as interference fringes are recorded when two spatially and temporally coherent beams intersect. We show simple experiments with different recording materials to explain this energy re-distribution process. Interference effects are manifest in materials as dictated by their quantum properties because optical fields do not interfere with (or operate on) each other.
Comparison of optics and performance of single channel and a novel dual-channel fiberoptic ureteroscope.

Objective To evaluate performance characteristics and optics of a novel dual–working channel fiberoptic ureteroscope (Wolf Cobra) with 2 single-channel fiberoptic ureteroscopes and to a single-channel distal sensor standard definition digital ureteroscope URF-V (SD-DS). Methods Four new ureteroscopes (Cobra, Viper, X 2 , and SD-DS) were compared for active deflection, irrigation flow, and optical characteristics. We performed a porcine ureteroscopy and measured the time for cleaning the middle calyx after injection of 10 cc of a standardized bloody solution. Results The SD-DS showed a higher resolution (7.42 lines/mm; P = .0001) compared with the fiberoptic ureteroscopes; among the fiberoptic ureteroscopes, the Cobra had the highest resolution than the Viper and X 2 ( P = .0001). Grayscale distribution and color representation were identical for the fiberoptic ureteroscopes, whereas the SD-DS provided a superior color representation and a significant higher depth of field. The Cobra provided superior flow with empty working channel (86 cc/min vs 68 cc/min [Viper] vs 62.5 cc/min [X 2 ] vs 62 cc/min [SD-DS]; P = .0001) and with various accessories ( P 2 and the Cobra provided superior deflection up and down ( P 2 , and SD-DS (36.6 vs 72 vs 65.6 vs 72.6 seconds, respectively; P = .0001). Conclusion The additional working channel of the Wolf Cobra may improve vision and performance during challenging ureteroscopic cases by providing an increased flow. The enhanced irrigation capabilities of the Cobra have to be balanced with a larger diameter of this ureteroscope.
Dynamics of Energy Transport in Molecular Crystals: The Picosecond Transient-Grating Method

Energy transport in molecular solids is investigated using a picosecond transient-grating technique. A model is presented which directly relates the rate of energy transport to the experimental observable. The diffusion coefficient for singlet electronic excitation transport is reported for pentacene in $p$-terphenyl. Acoustically induced optical absorption effects are also observed.
Moderately High Dose Zinc Gluconate or Zinc Glycinate: Effects on Plasma Zinc and Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase Activities in Young Adult Women

Some zinc (Zn) research studies have used either Zn gluconate or Zn glycinate, but the two forms have not been compared much. Therefore, a moderately high dose of the two forms (60 mg Zn/day) were compared in a 6-week intervention in young adult women. Plasma Zn, the traditional assessment of Zn status, was increased in all subjects given Zn glycinate (N = 10), while no significant change was seen overall for Zn gluconate or placebo (N = 10 each). Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity, a marker for Zn-induced copper deficiency, was unchanged in all three groups. Thus, for the conditions of this study, Zn glycinate effectively changed Zn status better than Zn gluconate, but neither impacted copper status.
Real-time dual-band wireless videos in millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber system

Abstract A dual-band converged radio-over-fiber (RoF) access system at 60-GHz and 100-GHz millimeter-wave (mm-wave) is proposed. Real-time end-to-end delivery of two channels of independent high-definition (HD) video services simultaneously carried on 60-GHz and 100-GHz radios is demonstrated for the first time. PRBS data transmission with equivalent data rate and format is also tested to characterize the system performance. The analysis of the spectrum from the beating signal indicates the entire 60-GHz band and the W-band can be retrieved without interference. The real-time HD video display and error-free (BER
BWH emergency radiology—surgical correlation: traumatic spigelian hernia with right colonic injury

We present a case of a young man who fell off his motorbike 2 days before presentation to the hospital with a complaint of gastrointestinal upset and abdominal pain. Contrast-enhanced CT of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated a right-sided traumatic spigelian hernia and an ascending colon injury necessitating operative repair of both.
Equivalent uniform dose, D90, and V100 correlation with biochemical control after low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy for clinically low-risk prostate cancer

Abstract Purpose To assess the correlation of postimplant dosimetric quantifiers with biochemical control of prostate cancer after low-dose-rate brachytherapy. Materials and Methods Generalized equivalent uniform dose (EUD), dose in Gy to 90% of the prostate gland (D90), and percentage of the prostate receiving 100% of the prescribed dose (V100) were calculated from the postimplant dose–volume histogram (DVH) for 140 patients undergoing low-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy (LDRPB) monotherapy from 1997 to 2003 at Duke University and the Durham VA Medical Center. Biochemical recurrence was defined according to the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology consensus definition. Results Median followup after LDRPB was 50 months. There was a 7% biochemical recurrence rate (10/140) at last clinical followup. The median EUD was 167 Gy (range, 41–245). The median D90 was 139 Gy (range, 45–203). The median V100 was 88% (range, 44–100). The overall 5-year biochemical recurrence-free survival (bRFS) was 94.2%. The 5-year bRFS was 100% for EUD ≥167 Gy and 89.4% for EUD Conclusions In our series of 140 patients with low-risk prostate cancer treated with LDRPB alone, we observed a statistically significant correlation between EUD, D90, and V100 and bRFS. The generalized EUD, a calculated value that incorporates the entire prostate DVH, appears to be at least as well correlated with bRFS as D90 or V100, and may more completely represent the totality of the dose distribution.
Investigation of physical features of both static and flowing-gas diode-pumped rubidium vapor lasers

A diode-pumped alkali lasers (DPAL) is a new type of laser source which can offer laser radiation with high efficiency and tiny thermally-induced effects in the near-infrared wavelength region. By constructing a theoretical algorithm through uniting the kinetic, heat transfer, and fluid dynamic procedures together, the thermal features and output characteristics of a DPAL are systematically evaluated for both the static and flowing-gas statuses. The corresponding temperature distributions are calculated for different powers of a pump beam. The results are thought to be useful for realization of a high-powered DPAL in the future.
Path Dependency, or Why History Makes It Difficult but Not Impossible to Reform Health Care Systems in a Big Way

The idea of path-dependency is applied to an examination of health policy reform in Germany, France, Great Britain and the United States. In the path-dependent model, actors are hemmed in by existing institutions and structures that channel them along established policy paths. Therefore, in any system, big (non-incremental) change is unlikely. However, sometimes we do observe big change. Why? By developing the interplay of structure with conjuncture, the occasional accomplishment of big change - in spite of path dependency - can be systematically understood.
Food for Thought, Thought for Food: Consumption, Identity, and Ethnography:

Movements associated with lifestyle and consumption politics have gained increasing visibility in society and in sociological research, but scholars’ methodological insights for studying these issues have lagged behind. How might the lifestyles and consumption practices of researchers themselves shape data collection, and how might these movements affect researchers? The authors offer a collaborative, reflexive analysis of their experiences conducting fieldwork on three different consumption movements centered on food production. Building on feminist and symbolic interactionist methodological literature, they show how their own “consumption identities” affected their data collection, analyses, and written work. The authors also discuss how conducting research on consumption and lifestyle movements may also affect researchers’ own identities and practices. They conclude by discussing how their process of “collaborative reflexivity” brings new insight into feminist methodological concerns for reflexivity.
The Arabidopsis Nucleosome Remodeler DDM1 Allows DNA Methyltransferases to Access H1-Containing Heterochromatin

Nucleosome remodelers of the DDM1/Lsh family are required for DNA methylation of transposable elements, but the reason for this is unknown. How DDM1 interacts with other methylation pathways, such as small-RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), which is thought to mediate plant asymmetric methylation through DRM enzymes, is also unclear. Here, we show that most asymmetric methylation is facilitated by DDM1 and mediated by the methyltransferase CMT2 separately from RdDM. We find that heterochromatic sequences preferentially require DDM1 for DNA methylation and that this preference depends on linker histone H1. RdDM is instead inhibited by heterochromatin and absolutely requires the nucleosome remodeler DRD1. Together, DDM1 and RdDM mediate nearly all transposon methylation and collaborate to repress transposition and regulate the methylation and expression of genes. Our results indicate that DDM1 provides DNA methyltransferases access to H1-containing heterochromatin to allow stable silencing of transposable elements in cooperation with the RdDM pathway.
Co-culture of rabbit 2-Cell embryos with rabbit oviduct epithelial cells and other somatic cells

Rabbit 2-cell embryos were co-cultured in Basel Synthetic Medium II + 10% fetal bovine serum with one of the following: primary cultures of rabbit oviduct epithelial cells (ROEC), a rabbit kidney epithelioid cell line (RK13), a rabbit epidermal epithelioid cell line (Sf1), or a rabbit skin fibroblast-like cell line (RAB9). Embryos cultured in medium alone served as controls. After 4 d of culture at 39 degrees C in 5% CO2 in air, 77-93% of the rabbit embryos which were co-cultured with somatic cells had reached the blastocyst stage, and 60-76% were hatching through their zonae pellucidae. These percentages, however, were not significantly different (P greater than .05) from those of embryos in medium alone, of which 90% had reached the blastocyst stage and 83% were hatching. Mean intrazonal embryo diameters also did not differ significantly among treatments (239-302 microns). Bovine 1-8-cell embryos were also co-cultured with ROEC. This stimulated 60% of these embryos to develop beyond the so-called "16-cell block" in vitro, whereas 0% of the embryos cultured in medium alone developed past this block. Evaluation of the ROEC cultures by light microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and gel electrophoretic analysis of conditioned medium, together with the positive results with bovine embryos, indicate that the ROEC culture partially simulates oviductal conditions in vivo. Therefore, our results suggest that oviduct epithelial cells may play a less pivotal role in regulating early development in the rabbit than in the cow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sexual networks and housing stability.

Unstable housing is related to a range of health problems including substance abuse, poor mental health, and HIV. Little is known about how sexual partners’ attributes influence access to resources such as housing. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between sexual network characteristics and improvements in housing situation among a sample of drug users using a longitudinal design. Size of one’s sex network was not associated with housing change. However, having a main partner and having a sex partner who lent money was associated with moving from a homeless state at baseline to being housed at follow-up. Also, having a sex partner who was a drug user was associated with decrease in the odds of improving one’s housing situation.
Aging and time-to-postural stability following a visual perturbation.

Background and aims: Postural stability is essential to the performance of most daily activities and is necessary to lead an independent lifestyle. Most functional assessments of balance have only evaluated spatial properties of posture, however, assessments should also evaluate balance in the temporal domain. Both domains provide crucial information to an individual’s postural stability. The following study examines time to regain stability and the magnitude of postural motion following a virtual perturbation. Methods: To examine the temporal limitations imposed by age (n=45),3 adult age groups were tested, young (18–19 yr), young old (60–69 yr), and old adults (70–79 yr). Participants were placed into a virtual room appearing as if the visual surround moved in a discrete antero-posterior motion. A force platform was used to assess postural motion across 4 visual perturbation conditions, 9 and 18 cm and 0.3 and 0.6 Hz. Results: Young adults exhibited significantly less postural motion than both of the older age groups and required the least amount of time to regain postural stability following the discrete visual perturbation, while the old adults required the greatest amount of time. Conclusions: These findings indicate that even small visual perturbations induce strong temporal limitations which are magnified by advancing age. Furthermore, the postural saturation (reduction in postural motion) that is typically found in young adults with increasing movement magnitude was not found in either of the older adult groups. Older adults are at a higher risk of losing balance during this period of time to reacquire postural stability which appears to be unaffected by elevated visual motion.
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN OXIDANT FORMED DURING IRON (II) AUTOXIDATION

When ethanol (100 mM) and the spin trapping agent DMPO were added to a solution of FeSO4 (0.1 mM) in phosphate buffer (40 mM), pH 7.4, the spectrum of the 1-hydroxyethyl radical spin adduct of DMPO could be detected by ESR spectroscopy. The ESR signal intensity of the 1-hydroxyethyl radical increased with higher concentrations of phosphate. Under these conditions, hydroxyl radical adducts could not be detected. However, if H2O2 (0.1 mM) was also added, the ESR spectra contained signals from both the hydroxyl and 1-hydroxyethyl radical adducts of DMPO. When ethanol was replaced with azide (100 mM) in these experiments, strong ESR signals from the azidyl radical adduct of DMPO were observed only in the Fenton system. The absence of hydroxyl radical adduct signals in the Fe2+-PO4 reaction could not be explained by instability of the hydroxyl radical adduct in the presence of Fe2+ or superoxide. Experiments with oxygen radical scavengers indicated that the oxidant formed during Fe2+ autoxidation was less reactive to benzoate, DMSO and tert-butanol than the hydroxyl radical. The available data indicate that the primary oxidant formed during Fe2+ autoxidation in phosphate buffer is not the hydroxyl radical, but may be an iron-oxygen complex such as feferryl species.
No differences in cancer screening rates in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to the general population

Background Previous studies suggest that patients with chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), do not receive optimal preventive medical services including cancer screening tests. Few studies evaluated cancer screening in RA patients compared to non-RA.
Fast 18F Labeling of a Near-Infrared Fluorophore Enables Positron Emission Tomography and Optical Imaging of Sentinel Lymph Nodes

We combine a novel boronate trap for F− with a near-infrared fluorophore into a single molecule. Attachment to targeting ligands enables localization by positron emission tomography (PET) and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF). Our first application of this generic tag is to label Lymphoseek (tilmanocept), an agent designed for receptor-specific sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping. The new conjugate incorporates 18F− in a single, aqueous step, targets mouse SLN rapidly (1 h) with reduced distal lymph node accumulation, permits PET or scintigraphic imaging of SLN, and enables NIRF-guided excision and histological verification even after 18F decay. This embodiment is superior to current SLN mapping agents such as nontargeted [99mTc]sulfur colloids and Isosulfan Blue, as well as the phase III targeted ligand [99mTc]SPECT Lymphoseek counterpart, species that are visible by SPECT or visible absorbance separately. Facile incorporation of 18F into a NIRF probe should promote many synergistic PET and NIRF combinations.
Mast cell-rich convexity meningioma presenting as chronic subdural hematoma: case report and review of the literature

A 47-year-old woman with a convexity meningioma presenting as a chronic subdural hematoma is reported. This case is unique in that the symptoms were cyclical and stereotypic. The tumor contained an unusually high number of mast cells. A possible etiologic role of histamine-related vasodilation and tumoral hemorrhage is explored. The relationship between meningioma and subdural hematoma is discussed, and the literature is reviewed.
Psychosocial Environmental Relationships Among MSW Students in Distance Learning and Traditional Classrooms

ABSTRACT A Midwestern university assessed 108 graduate social work students. Student preferences were examined regarding their perceptions and satisfaction with distance education versus traditional classroom settings. With a standardized measurement scale and 6 qualitative interviews being utilized, results identified several interpersonal and environmental characteristics influencing positive preference. Using an independent sample t-test, significant differences were found between the two types of learning environments. Results showed a preference for the standard, face-to-face format, and the results identified several variables that contribute to significant advantages and disadvantages of using distance education technology. Recommendations are provided for future research and explication of factors contributing to satisfaction with the learning environment.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Cell Cycle-Associated Antigens Ki-67 and Retinoblastoma Protein in Parathyroid Carcinomas and Adenomas.

The morphologic distinction between parathyroid carcinoma and adenoma can be a difficult diagnostic problem. We analyzed nuclear immunoreactivity for the cell cycle-associated antigen Ki-67 with monoclonal antibody (MAb) MIB-1 and for retinoblastoma (RB) protein with two polyclonal antisera in 24 parathyroid carcinomas and 35 adenomas, which were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded to determine if these antibodies could assist in distinguishing between carcinomas and adenomas. In addition, 10 cases of parathyroid hyperplasia and 5 cases of normal parathyroids were examined as control tissues. The Ki-67 labeling index was significantly higher in parathyroid carcinomas compared to adenomas (7.1 ± 1.0% vs 2.4 ± 0.2%,p 5.3%. Analysis of the primary tumors from patients with recurrent carcinomas and from those with nonrecurrent carcinomas showed a higher mean Ki-67 labeling index (7.8 ± 1.5% vs 5.2 ± 1.1%), in the former group, although these differences were not statistically significant. The RB protein immunoreactivity was not useful in distinguishing between parathyroid carcinomas and adenomas in paraffin-tissue sections.
TEM(00)-mode and single-longitudinal-mode laser operation with a cholesteric liquid-crystal laser end mirror.

We describe the unique properties of a cholesteric liquid crystal as a laser end mirror. We show how it gives rise to TEM00-mode operation as well as single-longitudinal-mode operation of a solid-state laser resonator.
Predictive models in software engineering

Welcome to the Empirical Software Engineering’s special issue on predictive models in software engineering. The goal of such methods is repeatable, refutable (and possibly improvable) results in software engineering. Many of the recent papers in SE literature are based on data from on-line repositories such as http://promisedata.googlecode.com. This introduces a kind of selection in the kinds of papers published at this venue. Our first paper pushes past that bias to explore a very rich time-based data set. In “Predicting the Flow of Defect Correction Effort using a Bayesian Network Model”, Schulz et al. use a Bayes net to explore the effects of removing defects at different stages of the software lifecycle. Their work shows how to calibrate general models to the particulars of a company’s local particulars. Our next paper “The Limited Impact of Individual Developer Data on Software Defect Prediction” by Bell et concludes there is no added value to reasoning on some aspects of social aspects of programmer teams working on a code. This is a timely counterpoint to other research that eschews code measures for other approaches based only on social metrics. Our last paper explores the complicated issue of parameter tuning. In “Using Tabu Search to Configure Support Vector Regression for Effort Estimation”, Corazza et al. offers automated guidance for setting the parameters that control a learner. This is a matter of critical importance since even the best learner can perform poorly if its operator uses the wrong settings. A special issue like this is only possible due to the hard work of a dedicated set of authors are reviewers. We would like to express our gratitude to all authors who submitted their papers this special issue. We would also like to thank our reviewers for their meticulous evaluation of the submissions. The success of special issues such as this one largely stands on their shoulders. Empir Software Eng (2013) 18:433–434 DOI 10.1007/s10664-013-9252-1
Careful surgical technique can reduce infectious morbidity after cesarean section

A total of 635 consecutive cesarean sections performed in private practices during the past 20 years are reviewed. In the course of this 20-year period, we have tried to alter gradually our surgical technique used for this procedure to conform to the principles of surgery developed by, Halsted. The study is divided into three periods of timeto examine the results of changes in technique., With the use of the standard definition of febrile morbidity, (temperature of ≥ 100.4° F during any two 24-hour periods after the first postoperative 24 hours) the postoperative morbidity rate was 15% during 1967 to 1973, 5.4% during 1974 to 1979, and 0.7% during the period 1980 through 1986. Prophylactic antibiotics were used with decreasing frequency. It was clear that the reduction in morbidity was the result of the modifications in surgical technique.
Architecture independent parallel binomial tree option price valuations

We introduce an architecture independent approach in describing how computations such as those involved in American or European-style option price valuations can be performed in parallel under the binomial tree model. We describe a latency-tolerant parallel algorithm for the multiplicative binomial tree option pricing model. The algorithm is described and analyzed in an architecture independent setting and performance characteristics are expressed in terms of problem size n, the time horizon, and the parameters p, L and g of the bulk-synchronous parallel model of computation. The algorithm achieves optimal theoretical speedup and is within a 1 + o(1) multiplicative factor of the corresponding sequential method. An experimental study of an implementation of the algorithm on a cluster of PC workstations is also undertaken to examine the latency-tolerance of our approach. The implementation with only a recompilation of the same source code works under two diverse parallel programming libraries namely, MPI and BSPlib, thus making it not only architecture but also communication library independent.
Bilaterally multicentric synchronous Wilms' tumor: Successful conservative treatment despite persistence of nephrogenic rests

We report a case of synchronous bilateral Wilms' tumor in a girl with incomplete Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome and hemihypertrophy. Multiple small tumors were present in both kidneys. The initial diagnostic biopsy showed stage I monophasic blastematous Wilms' tumor of favorable histology, with multiple perilobar nephrogenic rests (nephroblastomatosis). By flow cytometry, tumor was diploid, with an S-phase fraction of 13.9%. Dactinomycin and vincristine were begun as per the National Wilms' Tumor Study IV (18 week course). After 1 month, only a single small lesion was evident, which persisted unchanged. Excisional biopsy 5 months after beginning chemotherapy showed entirely necrotic tumor but apparently unaltered nephrogenic rests. After completing chemotherapy, the child has done well, with normal renal function and no evidence of disease 3 years after diagnosis. Management of stage V Wilms' tumor is tailored to the individual case, being as conservative as possible to spare renal parenchyma. Given the high incidence of coexisting nephrogenic rests in bilateral Wilms' tumor, careful follow-up is required, as these potentially pre-malignant rests may resist chemotherapy. Med. Pediatr. Oncol. 28:420–423, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pediatric Renal Solitary Fibrous Tumor Report of a Rare Case and Review of the Literature

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are unusual spindle cell neoplasms initially described in the pleura but have since been discovered in many extrapleural locations. SFT of the kidney is extremely rare, the majority occurring in middle-aged adults. To date, only two pediatric cases of renal SFT have been reported. We report a case of large SFT in the kidney of a 3-year-old boy that was clinically and radiologically thought to be a nephroblastoma. This case is the first pediatric renal SFT to be reported with detailed histopathologic and cytogenetic analyses. SFT should be included in the differential diagnosis of pediatric renal tumors.
Technical Skills Acquisition in Surgery-Bound Senior Medical Students: An Evaluation of Student Assertiveness

Objective To prepare students pursuing surgical careers, we devised a senior subinternship curriculum supplement that focused on the acquisition of technical skills required of surgical residents. We hypothesized that more assertive students, those that accomplished more of the curriculum, would perform better on a technical skills Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Design Senior medical students rotating on their first general surgery subinternship were administered a 6-station OSCE on the first day of their subinternship and again during the final week of the month-long rotation. A self-directed, 38-task "scavenger hunt" representing common intern level clinical skills, procedures, and patient care activities was provided to each student. Setting The study was performed at Jefferson Medical College, a large, private medical school in Philadelphia, PA. Participants Forty-nine senior students completed surgical subinternships between July 2009 and September 2010, and participated both in the pre-/post-OSCEs and the scavenger hunt. Results Students performed significantly better on the post-rotation OSCE than on the pre-rotation OSCE; 70.2% ± 8.1% vs. 60.4% ± 12.0%, p Conclusions As surgical education becomes more streamlined with evolving work hour restrictions, medical school education is playing an increasingly pivotal role in preparing students for internship. In our study, individual assertiveness in completing structured self-directed learning tasks did not directly predict the acquisition of proficiency in technical skills. We feel assertiveness is overshadowed by other factors that may carry more weight in terms of technical skills acquisition. Further studies are required to delineate these factors and ultimately enhance technical skills acquisition during medical school.
An Analysis of the Cabbeling Instability in Sea Water

Abstract Due to the nonlinear equation of state of sea water it is possible for the mixture of two Parcels of sea water with the same density but different temperatures and salinities to have a density greater than that of the constituent parcels. This phenomenon is sometimes called cabbeling. In the deep parts of the Weddell Sea the surface water is usually colder and less saline than the underlying deep water. In winter the salinity of the surface water can increase due to sea ice formation, and then mixtures of surface water and deep water may become denser than the underlying deep water. An instability can develop which may transport the heavier mixed water through the deep water and contribute to the formation of Antarctic Bottom Water. A time-dependent, finite-amplitude, theoretical analysis of this instability has been made. Assuming turbulent mixing, expressions for the preferred horizontal spacing and velocities of the resulting convection currents have been derived for conditions that may be typ...
The photochemistry of 1,2,2-trimesitylethanone

Abstract Irradiation of 1,2,2-trimesitylethanone 1 gives the enol ethers 3 via a 1,3-mesityl shift in a highly efficient process; the postulated intermediacy of 1 in the photoisomerization of enol 2 is confirmed.
Cascade configurations for recursive-like adaptive noise cancellation

Two novel recursive-like two-stage adaptive noise cancellers that circumvent the requirement, in prior art one-stage recursive-like cancellers, of incorporating a constraint on filter coefficients, are presented. These novel two-stage cancellers are based on a cascade configuration, rather than the prior art parallel configuration. For applications in which even a small amount of signal distortion is intolerable, a third novel two-stage noise canceller that guarantees distortion-free performance is presented. Finally, a multistage cascade configuration that has the potential for distortion-free, high-performance noise cancellation is presented.