cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing Technical Communication Education for Chinese Industry Professionals: Preliminary Findings and Suggestions

Existing literature argues, in general terms, that China has a growing need for technical communication and technical communication education. Following up on these studies, this paper more closely examines China's needs for technical communication education. Based on interviews with industry professionals and reviews of their writing samples, this paper seeks to find out who among the industry professionals in China needs technical communication, what their communication practices are, the areas in which they need education, and what US technical communication professionals can do to help develop this education. Preliminary findings and suggestions as well as topics for future research are presented.
Cryo field emission scanning electron microscopy

Low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (cryoSEM) was introduced in the early 1970s, shortly after the appearance of the first commercial scanning electron microscopes. This technique has been utilized widely in plant biology, the food and paper industry, X-ray analytical studies, and material sciences (8). Major advantages of cryoSEM include being able to avoid deleterious changes associated with preparative steps that remove water and produce extraction/shrinkage of tissue. CryoSEM can provide convenience and speed of sample preparation but has been considered to be a medium-resolution technique (50–100 nm). With the advent of field emission SEM (FESEM) and new developments in cryo-preservation of biological specimens, it has now become possible to achieve resolution in the macromolecular (2–3 nm) range.
On beyond classic RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends)

Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8651 Most attempts to identify and isolate a novel cDNA result in the acquisition of clones that represent only a part of the mRNA's complete sequence. The missing sequence (cDNA ends) can be cloned by PCR, using a technique variously called rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), (1) anchored PCR,(2) or one-sided PCR. (3) Since the initial reports of this technique, many laboratories have developed significant improvements on the basic approach. (4-16) I will describe here the most recent hybrid version of the relatively simple classic RACE, and a more powerful but technically more challenging new RACE protocol that is adapted from the work of a number of laboratories. ~ 24) Commercial RACE kits that are convenient but not as powerful as the most recent versions of classic and new RACE are available from Bethesda Research Laboratories(~l) and Clontech.
Gradient-based similarity in the atmospheric boundary layer

The “flux-based” and “gradient-based” similarity in the stable boundary layer and also in the interfacial part of the convective boundary layer is discussed. The stable case is examined on the basis of data collected during the CASES-99 experiment. Its interfacial counterpart is considered in both the quasi-steady (mid-day) and non-steady states, utilizing the results of large-eddy simulations.
A parametric study of thermophysical properties of oil shale

Abstract The physical (volume) changes of oil shales that occur when they are heated have been characterized as a function of temperature using a high pressure microdilatometer (HPMD). When heated, depending on shale type and grade, oil shales undergo relatively small expansion, which is typically followed by significant contraction. The effects of a number of experimental variables, such as shale type and grade, heating rate, particle size, pressure, gas atmosphere, and applied load on the measured changes were monitored. The volume change characteristics for the oil shales examined vary dramatically as a function of shale type and grade. In general, the higher the grade of the shale, the greater the changes in volume. While heating rate strongly influences the measured changes, particle size, pressure, gas atmosphere, and simulated overburden load appear to have relatively small effects on the shale behaviour. The kerogen concentrate and high-grade shales investigated show evidence of a fluid intermediate stage during pyrolysis. For kerogen and high-grade shales, the overall structure appears to be influenced largely by the organic matrix of the shale. In contrast, the rigid inorganic matrix that supports the structures of the low grade shales results in little volumetric change during pyrolysis.
PINTing for p53.

A new study identifies the long noncoding RNA Pint as a regulator of cellular proliferation and a target of the p53 pathway.
The Polled Locus Maps to BTA1 in a Bos indicus x Bos taurus Cross

Two hundred and nine reciprocal backcross and F2 progeny produced by embryo transfer from Angus (Bos taurus) and Brahman (Bos indicus) parents and their 60 parents and grandparents were utilized to localize the locus (POLL) responsible for the polled phenotype in a genetic map of bovine chromosome 1. Progeny were scored for polled, scurred, and horned phenotypes at 1 year of age and again following skull disection at slaughter at 20 months of age. Phenotype frequencies were independent of gender. One hundred and forty-two informative meioses for POLL and 13 microsatellite loci with an average of 267 informative meioses per locus contributed to a genetic map spanning 124.6 cM with an average interval of 9.6 cM. POLL mapped proximal to the centromere and 4.9 cM from TGLA49 supporting a previous study that employed two anonymous microsatellites. Difficulties in discriminating between scurred and horned phenotypes indicate that bracketing markers will be essential for refining the model for inheritance of the horned, scurred, and polled phenotypes and for effective marker assisted selection (MAS) for polled.
Non‐random patterns in the Yellowstone ecosystem: inferences from mammalian body size, order and biogeographical affinity

Aim Our aim was to investigate how the environment, species characteristics and historical factors at the subcontinental scale affect patterns of diversity. We used the assembly of the Yellowstone biota over the past 10,000 years as a natural experiment for investigating the processes that generate a modern non-volant mammal species pool. Location The data represent species from throughout North America with special attention to the non-volant mammals of Yellowstone National Park, USA. Methods We used digitized range maps to determine biogeographical affinity for all non-volant mammals in the Rocky Mountains, Deserts and Great Plains biogeographical regions of North America. This biogeographical affinity, along with taxonomic order and body size class, was used to test whether non-random patterns exist in the assemblage of Yellowstone non-volant mammals. These characteristics were also used to investigate the strength of non-random processes, such as habitat or taxon filtering, on particular groups of species or individual species. Results Our results indicated that the Yellowstone fauna is composed of a non-random subset of mammals from specific body size classes and with particular biogeographical affinities. Analyses by taxonomic order found significantly more Carnivora from the Rocky Mountains region and significantly fewer Rodentia from the Deserts region than expected from random assembly. Analyses using body size classes revealed deviations from expectations, including several significant differences between the frequency distribution of regional body sizes and the distribution of those species found within Yellowstone. Main conclusions Our novel approach explores processes affecting species pool assembly in the Yellowstone region and elsewhere, and particularly identifies unique properties of species that may contribute to non-random assembly. Focusing on the mechanisms generating diversity, not just current diversity patterns, will assist the design of conservation strategies given future environmental change scenarios.
Polyadenylic acid-containing RNA from rat brain.

— A portion of rat brain RNA contains poly(A) sequences and binds to oligo(dT)-cellulose. Young rats have a greater amount of brain RNA which contains poly(A) than do adult animals. The length of the poly(A) sequence from the brain RNA of young animals was shown to be somewhat longer than that from the RNA of adults. The RNA which bound to the oligo(dT)-cellulose was found to be large and heterogeneous, and to be almost free of ribosomal or of small mol. wt. RNAs. When the polysomal RNA which bound to the oligo(dT)-cellulose columns and that which did not were used to prime a cell-free protein synthesizing system there was a noticeable difference in their‘messenger’activity; the RNA which bound to the oligo(dT)-cellulose was much more active than the unbound material. However, in the case of the nuclear RNA there was not as great a difference between the material which was bound and that which was not bound.
New series resonant converter for variable reluctance motor drive

A resonant-type converter for a variable-reluctance motor drive is proposed to perform zero current switching of all solid state devices. The resonant circuit is partially resonant rather than fully resonant from the viewpoint of the capacitor. The power circuit of the converter can be realized with unidirectional naturally commutated switches. The converter has many advantages, such as low voltage stress or improved voltage utilization, low loss, and no stress in the switching instant. The operating principle and current regulation method are introduced and verified through simulation. >
Effect of Long-Range and Steric Hydrophilic Interactions on Micellization of Surfactant Solutions: A Monte Carlo Study in 2-D

Monte Carlo simulations of aqueous surfactant solutions have been performed on a two-dimensional lattice in a canonical ensemble. The simulations are based on four different models of surfactants with chainlike geometry and several types of interactions between the surfactant headgroups. The effect of number of headgroups (NHG) and the types of interactions between them (short-range versus long-range) has been examined on the surfactant aggregation. The simulations show that the aqueous solutions of surfactant chains with NHG > 1 and a short-range head-head interactions behave in a manner similar to that of the solutions of surfactant chains with NHG ) 1 and long-range electrostatic interactions between the headgroups. The similarity of the results in the two models is discussed on the basis of free energy of micellization and is shown to be an effect of similar excluded volume of headgroups in the two models.
The Impact of the 2009 Red River Flood on Interpersonal Risk Factors for Suicide

Background: Natural disasters are frequently associated with increases in risk factors for suicide, yet research indicates that suicide rates tend to stay the same or decrease in the wake of disasters (e.g., Krug et al., 1999). Aims: The present research sought to shed light on this counterintuitive phenomenon by testing hypotheses derived from Joiner's (2005) interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior, which proposes that the desire to die by suicide is the result of feeling like one does not belong and feeling like one is a burden on others. During natural disasters, community members often pull together in volunteering efforts, and it was predicted that such behaviors would boost feelings of belonging and reduce feelings that one is a burden. Methods: The present study tested these predictions in a sample of 210 undergraduate students in Fargo, North Dakota, following the 2009 Red River Flood. Results: Consistent with prediction, greater amounts of time spent volunteering in flood efforts were associated with increased feelings of belongingness and decreased feelings of burdensomeness. Conclusions: The findings in the current study are consistent with the notion that communities pulling together during a natural disaster can reduce interpersonal risk factors associated with the desire for suicide.
Characterization of auto-regulation of the human cardiac α1 subunit of the L-type calcium channel: Importance of the C-terminus

The carboxyl terminal of the L-type calcium channel α1C subunit comprises approximately one third of the primary structure of the α1 subunit (> 700 amino acids residues). This region is sensitive to limited posttranslational processing. In heart and brain the α1C subunits are found to be truncated but the C-terminal domain remains functionally present. Based on our previous data we hypothesized that the distal C-terminus (approximately residues 1650–1950) harbors an important, predominantly inhibitory domain. We generated C-terminal-truncated α1C mutants, and after expressing them in combination with a β3 subunit in HEK-293 cells, electrophysiological experiments were carried out. In order to dissect the important inhibitory part of the C-terminus, trypsin was dialyzed into the cells. The data provide evidence that there are multiple residues within the inhibitory domain that are crucial to the inhibitory process as well as to the enhancement of expressed current by intracellular application of proteases. In addition, the expression of the chimeric mutant α1CΔ1673-DRK1 demonstrated that the C-terminal is specific for the heart channel.
Strain, Social Support, and Distress in Old Age

This analysis examined the relationship between life-strain (e.g., physical health problems, economic deprivation, and ADL impairment) and psychosomatic and emotional distress in old age, while taking into account the effects of age, race, sex, education, social support, and other measures of social resources. The data was drawn from a statewide household survey (N = 2,146) of noninstitutionalized older people. Using multiple regression analysis with tests for statistical interaction, the findings revealed that women, whites, those living alone, and those with less education had greater sources of strain. Individuals with greater sources of strain were also more likely to receive social support, although they tended to have smaller social networks and less social contact. Health status and ADL were the strongest predictors of distress. Social support was positively related whereas social contact was negatively related to distress. Social support had a moderating influence on the relationship between ADL impairment and psychosomatic symptoms of distress. Other measures of social resources, such as living arrangement and support network size, had neither main nor interactive effects on distress. The findings were discussed in light of their implications for future research.
Repeatability of Mammalian Physiology: Evaporative Water Loss and Oxygen Consumption of Dipodomys merriami

Phenotypic measurements (e.g., body mass, metabolic rate) made at one point in time are often assumed to represent measurements made at other times. However, if traits are not repeatable over time, inferences about ecological, environmental, or other correlates of the trait could be misleading. We found that evaporative water loss, oxygen consumption, resting metabolic rate, and their residuals from body mass were significantly repeatable (intraclass correlations generally >0.6) in Merriam's kangaroo rats ( Dipodomys merriami ). Nevertheless, our data, plus a review of the scant data on repeatability of mammalian physiological traits, show that repeatability typically is less than perfect (i.e., less than one). Consequently, investigators studying physiological performance of mammals should not assume that the traits they study are good indicators of performance at other points in time.
Do the Math

A 72-year-old male is admitted to the hospital with a presumptive diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia. He is scheduled for bone marrow biopsy but has a platelet count of 7 K/µL. A type and screen sample (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA anticoagulant) is submitted to the blood bank along with a request for two units of apheresis platelets.
An in vivo examination of rat brain during sepsis with 31P-NMR spectroscopy.

Neurological symptoms including lethargy, obtundation, and confusion are early and common findings in patients with sepsis. The etiology of the mental status changes that occur during severe infect...
The integrated supplier: key to cost management and multi-franchise capitation contracting.

Capitation...most healthcare providers do not work under it, comprehend it, or even want it, yet supply capitation contracting seminars are popping up everywhere creating the feeling that the bandwagon is leaving, and it might be time to get on board. Not true. Supply capitation is not for all organizations. Capitation contracting is not easy and there are not many successful models to help the uninitiated. If a panacea is sought for reducing supply costs, capitation is only one component of a systematic strategy to reduce materiel costs. This article suggests a direction using the Group Health Materiel Management (Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, WA) experience as a point of reference. It advocates a systematic approach that focuses on expense reduction in: cost of goods, holding cost of inventory, labor cost associated with all materiel processes, distribution cost (transportation and par stock pick, pack, and replenishment), product utilization, variation in product standards, and waste stream byproducts. At Group Health (GH) these issues are primarily addressed through the use of: information systems, supplier certification/selection processes, group purchasing compliance, supply channel management, supply capitation contracting programs, standardization, and utilization management. Because of managed care organizational structure, Group Health Cooperative supply capitation contracting, as performed at GH, is discussed not as a quick fix solution but in the spirit of sharing our experience with others who may be considering it as a cost savings tactic in the context of a broad-based materiel management strategy. This article highlights the experiences of GH beginning with materiel management's business process assumptions toward multiple-franchise supply capitation.
Low-energy theorems fore4 Compton scattering

We have studied thee4 Compton scattering on targets with arbitrary spin and generalized the low-energy theorems of Cheng, Roy and Singh to higher order in photon energy ω. It is shown that the scattering amplitude has a term ω3 ω whose coefficient is determined entirely by the charge and magnetic moment of the target. In order to derive our theorem, we have evaluated explicitly the Born contribution to the second-order (in ω) terms of thee2 Compton scattering amplitudes
Die Wirkung von Radium-224 bei Kindern und Erwachsenen

In den Jahren 1944–1952 wurden in Deutschland eine grose Zahl von Tuberkulose-Patienten mit Injektionen von „Peteosthor“ behandelt, einer Losung von Ra-224 mit zugesetzten Spuren von Eosin und kolloidalem Platin. Eine Folge der Behandlung in hoher Dosierung war eine ansteigende Haufigkeit von malignen Knochentumoren, benignen Exostosen, Minderwuchs, Zahn-und Nierenschaden sowie Leberschaden und Kataraktbildung. Diese Tatsache konnte zur Risikoabschatzung der Entstehung von Knochentumoren durch Plutonium mit herangezogen werden.
Judgment of correlation and contingency

Many of our beliefs concern the relation between one quantity and another. We may ask whether the speed at which galaxies move away from us is related to their distance from the earth or whether IQ is related to income. Often we are concerned with such relationships because we want to decide whether to manipulate one thing in order to affect another. What is the relationship between the amount of studying we do and the grades we get? between our appearance and the way other people respond to us? between the amount of sleep we get and our ability to pay attention? Over the long term, how do the foods we eat affect our health? How does the way in which children are disciplined affect their behavior as adults? This chapter is concerned with the inferences that people make concerning such relations. The normative theory is provided by statistical definitions of correlation. Like probability theory, the statistical theory of correlation is widely used in science and is valued for its mathematical clarity. (Unlike probability theory, however, the assumptions behind it are not assumed to apply to every situation. It is therefore normative only when certain assumptions are true.) Descriptively, we shall see that many people systematically violate the normative theory. Prescriptively, we may be able to come closer to the normative model by considering all of the relevant evidence, including the evidence against what we already believe.
Roadmaps, journeys and destinations speculations on the future of speech technology research.

This article presents thoughts on the future of speech technology research, and a vision of the near future in which computer interaction is characterized by natural face-to-face conversations with lifelike characters that speak, emote and gesture. A first generation of these perceptive animated interfaces are now under development in a project called the Colorado Literacy Tutor, which uses perceptive animated agents in a computer-based literacy program
Case 1: Acute-onset Vomiting, Fever, and Bulging Fontanelle in a 7-month-old Boy.

1. Clarissa Fernandez-Pol, MD* 2. Matthew Ben Wallenstein, MD* 3. Ian Chua, MD*,† 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. 2. †Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC. A previously healthy, fully vaccinated 7-month-old boy presents to the emergency department with a history of 3 hours of temperature to 100.5 ° F (38.1°C), vomiting, mildly decreased activity, and a bulging anterior fontanelle (Fig) noted by his mother. The mother has a history of inactive herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection treated with acyclovir before and during delivery. Two weeks ago, the patient had an erythematous rash that had resolved with topical hydrocortisone. Figure. Visible bulging fontanelle. On physical examination, all of the boy’s growth parameters are tracking, with weight in the 50th percentile, head circumference at 15th percentile, and length at the 60th percentile. His temperature is 100.8 ° F (38.2 ° C), pulse is 130 beats per minute, and respiratory rate is 28 breaths per minute. The anterior fontanelle is tense with normally spaced cranial sutures. Funduscopic examination shows no findings of note and cranial nerve examination reveals no abnormality. The neck is supple with full range of motion and the tympanic membranes are clear bilaterally. Skin examination shows 2 cafe-au-lait macules and no petechiae. The rest of the examination …
Physician response to the United Mine Workers' cost-sharing program: the other side of the coin.

The effect of cost sharing on health services utilization is analyzed from a new perspective, that is, its effects on physician response to cost sharing. A primary data set was constructed using medical records and billing files from a large multispecialty group practice during the three-year period surrounding the introduction of cost sharing to the United Mine Workers Health and Retirement Fund. This same group practice also served an equally large number of patients covered by United Steelworkers' health benefit plans, for which similar utilization data were available. The questions addressed in this interinsurer study are: (1) to what extent does a physician's treatment of medically similar cases vary, following a drop in patient visits as a result of cost sharing? and (2) what is the impact, if any, on costs of care for other patients in the practice (e.g., "spillover effects" such as cost shifting)? Answers to these kinds of questions are necessary to predict the effects of cost sharing on overall health care costs. A fixed-effects model of physician service use was applied to data on episodes of treatment for all patients in a private group practice. This shows that the introduction of cost sharing to some patients in a practice does, in fact, increase the treatment costs to other patients in the same practice who remain under stable insurance plans. The analysis demonstrates that when the economic effects of cost sharing on physician service use are analyzed for all patients within a physician practice, the findings are remarkably different from those of an analysis limited to those patients directly affected by cost sharing.
Secretory IgA inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa binding to cornea and protects against keratitis.

Purpose To determine whether secretory IgA (SIgA) antibody inhibits Pseudomonas aeruginosa binding to cornea in vitro and if boosting SIgA antibody in tears using heat-killed P. aeruginosa as an immunizing antigen is protective in vivo in experimentally induced bacterial keratitis in the mouse. Methods SIgA, immunoglobulin-G, immunoglobulin-M, and an undiluted crude human milk preparation were tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit P. aeruginosa binding to the scarified corneas of adult (6 weeks to 6 months of age) mice by topical application of each before similar delivery of the bacterial inoculum. Scanning electron microscopy (scanning EM) was used to quantitate bacterial adherence. In vivo mice were immunized topically with heat-killed P. aeruginosa or sham immunized by application of a similar volume of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Tears were collected from both groups of mice and levels of immunoglobulins (Igs) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). After the second immunization, the same two groups were challenged ocularly with 5.0 x 10(7) colony forming units P. aeruginosa and the response to infection graded. Results In vitro, after a 30-minute preincubation with Igs, SIgA (250 micrograms/ml) significantly decreased P. aeruginosa binding to cornea in vitro when compared to the number of bacteria bound in PBS control specimens, and binding reduction was concentration dependent. In vivo, 15 days after a second ocular topical immunization, tear SIgA was elevated significantly and was specific for P. aeruginosa when measured by ELISA. In vivo, corneal disease response grades in the heat-killed antigen immunized mice also were significantly less severe when compared to sham-immunized mice. Conclusions SIgA significantly inhibits binding of P. aeruginosa to the wounded mouse cornea in vitro, and inhibition is concentration dependent. In vivo, specific antipseudomonal SIgA in mouse tears can be elicited by topical ocular immunization with heat-killed P. aeruginosa, and a significant number of immunized animals with elevated levels of SIgA in their tears exhibited less severe ocular disease after bacterial challenge.
A tale of two photons: radioluminescence and its application in molecular imaging

Optical and ionizing radiation are two physical ways in which we can probe the living world. Until recently, these forms of radiation were used in distinct imaging and therapeutic applications—radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy, X-ray imaging, and diffuse optical tomography, to name a few. It has now been recognized that physical phenomena in which ionizing radiation and light are inherently coupled may provide powerful new capabilities for imaging and treating diseases. This presentation will review the physics and applications of radioluminescence, with a particular focus on molecular imaging. One such method, X-ray luminescence computed tomography (XLCT), uses narrow kilovolt X-ray beams to stimulate optical emissions from biologically targeted radioluminescent nanoparticles, thus providing high-resolution images even deep in tissue. A different phenomenon, Cherenkov luminescence, can also be harnessed to localize radiopharmaceuticals in vivo, allowing surgeons to visualize the molecular status of the tissues they are resecting. Recent progress towards routine implantation of these methods will be reviewed and sources of endogenous radioluminescence signal will be discussed.
A Novel Role for CAMKK1 in the Regulation of the Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome.

Transplantation of adult stem cells into myocardial tissue after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), has been shown to improve tissue recovery and prevent progression to ischemic cardiomyopathy. Studies suggest that the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are due to paracrine factors released by MSC, as the benefits of MSC can be achieved through delivery of conditioned media (CM) alone. We previously demonstrated that downregulation of Dab2 enhances MSC cardiac protein expression and improves cardiac function after AMI following MSC engraftment. In order to define the molecular mechanisms that regulate MSC secretome, we analyzed gene arrays in MSC following downregulation of Dab2 via TGFβ1 pretreatment or transfection with Dab2:siRNA or miR-145. We identified 23 genes whose expressions were significantly changed in all three conditions. Among these genes, we have initially focused our validation and functional work on calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase-1 (CAMKK1). We quantified the effects of CAMKK1 overexpression in MSC following injection of CM after AMI. Injections of CM from MSC with CAMKK1 over-expression correlated with an increase in vascular density (CAMKK1 CM: 2,794.95 ± 44.2 versus Control: 1,290.69 ± 2.8 vessels/mm2 ) and decreased scar formation (CAMKK1 CM 50% ± 3.2% versus Control: 28% ± 1.4%), as well as improved cardiac function. Direct overexpression of CAMKK1 in infarcted tissue using a CAMKK1-encoding plasmid significantly improved ejection fraction (CAMKK1: 83.2% ± 5.4% versus saline: 51.7% ± 5.8%. Baseline: 91.3% ± 4.3%) and decreased infarct size after AMI. Our data identify a novel role for CAMKK1 as regulator of the MSC secretome and demonstrate that direct overexpression of CAMKK1 in infarcted cardiac tissue, results in therapeutic beneficial effects. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1759-1766.
Plotting with R

An important part of scientific computing and data analysis is graphical visualization, an area in which R is very strong. R has many specialized graph types, some of which we will explore later. However, for many scientific purposes just a few types will suffice. We note especially graphs for data, functions, and histograms. We’ll show simple examples of these first, and then show how they can be customized. For details on R graphics, see the book by Murrell [47].
Anaxibia folia spec. nov.—a new litter-dwelling dictynid spider from India (Araneae: Dictynidae: Dictyninae)

The dictynid genus Anaxibia Thorell, 1898 currently has six nominal species distributed in the Oriental and Ethiopian regions (World Spider Catalog 2017). The genus represents tiny to small spiders characterised by a reduced cribellum, long, cylindrical anterior and posterior spinnerets, cymbium with caudal modification, palpal patella with dorsal horn, sub-apically arising embolus, conductor with wide lamellar apex and simple female genitalia (Lehtinen 1967). The genus has one representative in India: Anaxibia rebai (Tikader, 1966), originally described under Dictyna Sundevall, 1833 (Tikader 1966; Lehtinen 1967). In this paper, we describe and illustrate a new litter-dwelling Anaxibia species collected from the Kerala state of southern India.
Getting Serious about Performance Management

Significant performance improvement is possible when companies discard the traditional appraisal and invest in top-down performance planning and management.
Proof Without Words: Area of a Parabolic Segment

(2008). Proof Without Words: Area of a Parabolic Segment. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 219-219.
Precision Switching in a Discrete Supramolecular Assembly: Alkali Metal Ion‐Carboxylate Selectivities and the Cationic Hofmeister Effect

A cavitand host has been shown to switch from a dimeric assembly to a tetrameric assembly in the presence of cations. Induced by pseudo-specific cation binding attenuating the net negative charge of each host, switching was shown to be highly cation selective. Thus, the concentration of cation required to induce assembly switching ranged from 2 mM in the case of N(n-Bu)4+ to ∼80 mM in the case of Na+ . Overall cation affinity was found to be essentially the reverse of Collins' law of matching water affinities, which predicts Na+ to have the strongest affinity for carboxylate groups. Combined with previous data, these results highlight the point that cation affinity for carboxylates are in large part dictated by context.
Corporate Governance and Investment Conservatism: Evidence from Industry Shocks

This paper examines the effect of governance on firm investment in industry downturns. Existing work offers a variety of theories of governance and investment. We consider the governance-investment relation in a new and important setting. Large exogenous industry shocks increase the risk to managerial human capital. Self-interested managers can preemptively cut back on risky investments during negative industry shocks in an attempt to conserve the firm's cash flow and lower the chances of liquidation, thus preserving their human capital and stream of private benefits. Since poorly monitored managers have more discretion in investment policy, they exhibit greater conservatism in bad times.Empirically, we test our conservatism hypothesis against competing predictions of overinvestment, shirking and quiet life. We find strong evidence in support of conservatism. Poorly monitored managers make greater cutbacks in risky investment in bad times. Internal mechanisms of monitoring, including institutions and boards, are more effective than the takeover market at mitigating conservatism. We do not observe significant governance-related differences in investment around positive industry cash flow shocks. The results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests, including controls for other determinants of firm investment and potential endogeneity.
Proto-Globular Cluster Candidates in NGC 1275

The discovery, with HST imaging, of proto-globular cluster candidates in NGC 1275 (Holtzman et al. 1992) was regarded by many as a major success of the merger model for globular cluster formation (e.g. Ashman & Zepf 1992) and has been cited in support of the idea that elliptical galaxies form from the merger of two or more spiral galaxies. A prediction of the Ashman & Zepf model was that newly-formed clusters should be observable in currently or recently merging systems. The NGC 1275 clusters constitute an important test of globular cluster formation models. NGC 1275 is the peculiar cD galaxy at the center of the Perseus cluster. It shows evidence for a merger history and may indeed be undergoing a merger at present. It also has one of the largest known cooling flows.
Risk Based Integrity Modeling of Gas Processing Facilities using Bayesian Analysis

Abstract The deterioration of a gas processing asset has a major impact on the continuous operation of the facility. Risk based integrity modeling renders a framework to quantify the risks posed by an ageing asset and hence to protect the human life, financial investment and the environment from the consequences of its likely failure. In risk based integrity assessments, the structural degradations are modeled using prior probability distributions. With the availability of inspection data, this prior can be updated to posterior using Bayes theorem. This posterior probability can then be used to estimate the likelihood of component failure, which would be subsequently used in quantifying the potential ageing risks to the facility. The first part of this paper presents a framework for risk based integrity modeling considering the various types of structural degradations; namely, corrosion and cracking. The stochastic degradation models for uniform, pitting, and erosion corrosion are developed, along with models describing stress corrosion, corrosion fatigue, and hydrogen induced cracking. The second part presents a methodology to develop the prior and likelihood models for various types of corrosion and cracking degradations applicable to components in gas processing facility. In the present study, several statistical tests were conducted based on the data extracted from literature to check which of the prior distributions best describes the data. Similarly, the likelihood distribution for corrosion has been established using the life inspection data from an ageing process facility. Once the underlying distribution has been confirmed, the parameters of the distributions are estimated using the method of maximum likelihood. The third part of this paper presents the development of posterior distributions using the selected priors and the likelihoods. The Metropolis-Hastings algorithm has been used to estimate the posteriors and the estimated parameters are compared with the values obtained from Laplace approximation method.
Radical Nature in the Encyclopédie

This paper offers an analysis of the role radical biological ideas played in the French Encyclopedie in the mid-eighteenth century. Based on new observations and experiments on the microscopic world, these biological ideas supported a radical view of active matter and threatened to destroy the traditional view of an unchanging, hierarchical social order. This radical thread is traced through several articles from the Encyclopedie, and is shown to have played a key role in the furor that erupted in the early 1750s after the first volumes were published and then, more decisively, when the whole enterprise was shut down as being too subversive.
Abstract 4987: Biofilm-producing sulfate-reducing bacteria suppress tumor burden in a rat model of colon cancer

Human epidemiological and animal model studies have shown that the presence of colon cancer is associated with certain microbiota. Previously, we re-derived genetically identical embryos of the Pirc (F344/NTac-Apc+/Pirc) rat model of familial adenomatous polyposis using three strains of surrogate dams (F344/NHsd, LEW/SsNHsd, and Crl:SD), each harboring distinct gut microbiota (GM) that modulated adenoma susceptibility. Bacterial relative abundances as determined by 16S rDNA sequencing showed several taxa correlating with suppression of both tumor growth and phenotype penetrance as early as 1 month of age. One taxon associated with reduced adenoma burden was a sulfate-reducing bacterium, viz. Desulfovibrio spp. To determine if Desulfovibrio was responsible for differences in tumor burden, Pirc rats harboring complex GM were gavaged at 14 and 15 days of age with two genetic isolates of Desulfovibrio (~10^8 colony forming units, CFU): biofilm-forming DvH-MT and biofilm-deficient DvH-MO. We found that the rats stably colonized with the biofilm-forming DvH-MT strain, with the bacteria present at 4 months of age. Adenoma burden at sacrifice showed that the biofilm-competent strain significantly reduced colonic adenoma size (t-test, p To understand how the biofilm-forming capacity of the DvH-MT strain modulated adenoma burden, the genomes of the DvH-MT and DvH-MO strains were sequenced and 12 variants were identified between the two strains. In the DvH-MO strain one variant in the DVU1017 type-1 secretion system ABC transporter binding protein gene was shown to be required for biofilm-formation by Desulfovibrio in vitro. This gene was inactivated in the parent DvH-MT strain and the new construct was designated JWT716. To determine the presence and proximity of Desulfovibrio to adenomas in the colon, we modified the parental DvH-MT to express the fluorescent protein, dTomato and designated the fluorescent strain as JWT733. Pirc rats were treated with the biofilm-forming, JWT733 and the biofilm-deficient, JWT716. 3-months post-treatment we confirmed via qRT-PCR the presence of the biofilm-forming, JWT733 in fecal samples. JWT716 was undetectable in the fecal samples from most rats. Using a narrow-band filter to detect dTomato, we confirmed JWT733 colonization in the treated rats by colonoscopy. At 4 months of age, the rats were sacrificed and adenoma burden was estimated. We found that the biofilm-forming Desulfovibrio suppressed tumor burden in the colon compared to rats treated with the biofilm-deficient strain (t-test, p Citation Format: Susheel Bhanu Busi, Kara B. De Leon, Judy D. Wall, James M. Amos-Landgraf. Biofilm-producing sulfate-reducing bacteria suppress tumor burden in a rat model of colon cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4987.
Leadership in Higher Education: Insights from Academic Advisers

Higher education is facing significant structural challenges that must be addressed through changes in educational policy and practice. Higher education leadership often relies on corporate logics that ultimately exacerbate these problems. Academic advisers offer a unique perspective and expertise working on the front lines with students. Advisers must examine, debate, and study educational policies, practices, and issues at the organizational, institutional, and societal levels. Higher education leadership should seek advisers' guidance on these matters. A clarified educational purpose of academic advising is a necessary foundation in this endeavor. Foremost, academic advising must not be misconceived as a customer service.
Decision-Making About Intracranial Pressure Monitor Placement in Children With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objectives Little is known about how clinicians make the complex decision regarding whether to place an intracranial pressure monitor in children with traumatic brain injury. The objective of this study was to identify the decisional needs of multidisciplinary clinician stakeholders. Design Semi-structured qualitative interviews with clinicians who regularly care for children with traumatic brain injury. Setting One U.S. level I pediatric trauma center. Subjects Twenty-eight clinicians including 17 ICU nurses, advanced practice providers, and physicians and 11 pediatric surgeons and neurosurgeons interviewed between August 2017 and February 2018. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Participants had a mean age of 43 years (range, 30-66 yr), mean experience of 10 years (range, 0-30 yr), were 46% female (13/28), and 96% white (27/28). A novel conceptual model emerged that related the difficulty of the decision about intracranial pressure monitor placement (y-axis) with the estimated outcome of the patient (x-axis). This model had a bimodal shape, with the most difficult decisions occurring for patients who 1) had a good opportunity for recovery but whose neurologic examination had not yet normalized or 2) had a low but uncertain likelihood of neurologically functional recovery. Emergent themes included gaps in medical knowledge and information available for decision-making, differences in perspective between clinical specialties, and ethical implications of decision-making about intracranial pressure monitoring. Experienced clinicians described less difficulty with decision-making overall. Conclusions Children with severe traumatic brain injury near perceived transition points along a spectrum of potential for recovery present challenges for decision-making about intracranial pressure monitor placement. Clinician experience and specialty discipline further influence decision-making. These findings will contribute to the design of a multidisciplinary clinical decision support tool for intracranial pressure monitor placement in children with traumatic brain injury.
The Longest Mile: Moving Malaria from Clinical Care to Elimination of Transmission.

Finishing a task is generally more difficult than starting—the “longest mile is the last mile home.” This is particularly true in the battle against global infectious diseases. Smallpox remains the only human disease to have been completely eradicated, with the last known natural case in 1977. Seven other human diseases have been deemed eradicable by the International Task Force for Disease Eradication: dracunculiasis (Guinea worm), poliomyelitis, mumps, rubella, lymphatic filariasis, cysticercosis, and measles. Yet, despite significant progress, eradication of these diseases remains a tremendous global health challenge. Many other infectious diseases, including malaria, are considered “eliminable,” indicating cessation of transmission in a limited geographic area. Although previous ambitious WHO efforts toward global eradication of malaria ultimately fell short (1955–1978), successful elimination of malaria has been achieved in many nations that have temperate climates and seasonal malaria transmission. In the past 2 decades, interest in the malaria “end game” has resurged, galvanized in 2007 by a renewed call for and commitment to malaria eradication by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Malaria control efforts depend on detection and effective intervention; thus, public health programs must understand which populations are affected. As efforts move toward elimination and ultimately eradication, a particular challenge will be the need to root out reservoirs of transmissible infection with Plasmodium spp. parasites, including identification of asymptomatic individuals who lack clinical manifestations of infection. In a recent article, Tao et al. reported the discovery and validation of a novel saliva-based test for detecting subclinical malaria infection (1). The investigators hypothesized that Plasmodium spp. parasites sequestered in capillary beds within the oral mucosa might produce distinct proteins detectable in saliva. Using a mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach, they screened pooled saliva from asymptomatic children with submicroscopic Plasmodium spp. blood-stage …
Athletic training students' engagement in interprofessional education in the classroom and during clinical education.

Interprofessional education is an area of emphasis within healthcare. Little is known regarding what other healthcare professions athletic training students engage with during interprofessional edu...
An overview of and factor analytic approach to flow theory in online contexts

Abstract An overview of flow theory is presented from the literature across multiple disciplines, including information systems, ecommerce, marketing, digital gaming, user interface, management, and cultural contexts. Flow can play a pivotal role in the user experience and impact the user interaction with a site, computing device, or app. It is worthwhile to examine the effects of flow experience on users and incorporate these findings in designing engaging user experiences and interfaces in both web sites and mobile applications. To further understand these implications, the present study gave a questionnaire to 310 participants in a computer laboratory setting following an online shopping episode. The factor analysis revealed three dimensions of flow experience: control, attention focus, and cognitive enjoyment. All three dimensions had very low correlations. No gender effect on flow was found.