cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Customer-Firm Interaction and the Small Firm: Exploring Individual, Firm, and Environmental Level Antecedents

Customer-firm interaction (CFI) has been extensively studied in the past for its effects on customer satisfaction, new product success, and firm performance. Research on the factors that facilitate or inhibit firms from interacting with their customers, however, is sparse. In this paper, we explored individual, product/service, and environmental factors that influence customer-firm interaction. Analyses are based on data from 172 small firms. Findings suggest that significant association exists between CFI and numerous individual, firm, and environmental factors, supporting the notion that in entrepreneurial and small firms CFI is used in a strategic fashion, to support market position. A set of post-hoc analyses showed that CFI antecedents vary by context such as entrepreneurs’ gender, experience, or firm performance. Results, their implications, and future research opportunities are discussed.Customer-firm interaction (CFI) has been extensively studied in the past for its effects on customer satisfaction, new product success, and firm performance. Research on the factors that facilitate or inhibit firms from interacting with their customers, however, is sparse. In this paper we explored individual, product/service, and environmental factors that influence customer-firm interaction. Analyses are based on data from 172 small firms. Findings suggest that significant association exists between CFI and numerous individual, firm, and environmental factors, supporting the notion that in entrepreneurial and small firms CFI is used in a strategic fashion, to support market position. A set of post-hoc analyses showed that CFI antecedents vary by context such as entrepreneurs’ gender, experience, or firm performance. Results, their implications, and future research opportunities are discussed.
Somatic and endocrine consequences of electrolytic lesions in the epi and subthalamus of weanling and mature rats.

AbstractWeanling rats received lesions in the zona incerta (ZIN). Sham-operated rats served as controls. Two experiments were performed several months apart. The animals were maintained on lab chow and tap water for 30 days and then sacrificed. Ponderal and linear growth, food and water intake, water/food-intake ratio, and pituitary weights were significantly reduced in rats with ZIN lesions. Plasma, growth hormone, insulin, glucose, and body composition were normal, however. Weanling and mature rats received lesions in the medial habenula (HAB). Shamoperated rats served as controls. The experiment lasted 44 days postoperatively. In the weanling Hab-lesioned rats, body weight changes, body composition pituitary, weight, food and water intake, water/food-intake ratio, and plasma insulin were normal. Linear growth was slightly (p<0.05) reduced. In the mature HAB-lesioned rats, all the above parameters were normal except for water intake, which was slightly (p<0.05) reduced. The pathways by which the epi- an...
Congestion on the internet: operator responses, economic analysis, and improving the network architecture

Our thesis presents the results of monitoring traffic management techniques of network providers. We find that in addition to complete blocking of traffic flows on some transport layer ports, providers are also actively managing traffic based upon application layer content. We document how providers are engaged in not just deep packet inspection, but deep flow inspection—tracking, shaping, and actively managing the state of individual flows. We explain why network operators attempt to manage traffic in these manners by looking at both the technical and economic forces influencing their decisions. We argue that inefficient congestion management and contractual practices of network providers are not unexpected given the limitations of the existing Internet architecture. Indeed, managing network traffic based upon transport and application layer content are likely to become more prevalent as high bandwidth demanding applications such as video and peer-to-peer increasingly dominate the traffic mix on networks. The existing Internet architecture leaves network operators with little architectural support for making more efficient traffic management decisions or contractual relationships. We therefore consider how making the architectural and protocol changes proposed by Briscoe et al. [14, 17, 16], might help better align the economic and technical interests of traffic senders and traffic carriers. Briscoe's proposal would enable traffic management and/or contractual relationships to be based directly on congestion information. Our contribution is to further the analysis of the economic implications of this proposal. We apply both game theory and elementary economic analysis to better understand the proposal's advantages and limitations. Aligning the congestion responses of end-users with the traffic management and contractual decisions of network operators is part of a larger challenge of designing the next generation Internet architecture and protocols while taking into account the economic interests of different stakeholders. Accepting a proposal such as Briscoe's requires the research and wider networking community to be able to balance both technical and economic arguments in a design process. We examine how this integration might occur. Establishing a means of discourse is vital to the objective evaluation of what constitutes good architecture and good research for these techno-economic problems. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Scanning and light microscopy of human aortic leaflets in stressed and relaxed states.

A two-year investigation of the anatomy of stressed aortic leaflets compared to that of leaflets in the relaxed state is reported. Intact fresh human aortic valves were fixed at an intra-aortic root pressure of 80 mm. Hg with a pressure-autoregulatory roller pump. The best fixation method found was with 4 per cent glutaraldehyde, osmium tetraoxide, and a critical point drying process. Marked differences between the pressure-fixed and relaxed specimens were found with respect to surface character and thickness. The aortic side of the leaflets has a rough surface, with striations in the circumferential direction, whereas the ventricular surface is much smoother, with very fine striations in the radial direction. These patterns are reflections of the character of the fiber layers lying immediately below the epithelial layers. Five distinct layers of fibers were found in midline cross sections, by both scanning and light microscopy. Further, the elastic components are located toward the ventricular surface. The thickness measurements show a marked difference between the stressed and relaxed states. These data provide anatomic explanations for the uniaxial stress-strain behavior, bending characteristics, and remarkable durability of human aortic leaflets. The concept that fixation of biological tissues in the stressed state is of importance in developing structural, physiological, and pathological hypotheses is advanced.
Laennec and the creation of auscultation signs

Toward the end of the 18th century, clinical diagnosis in medicine shifted its focus from reliance on symptoms, which translates to subjective experience of illness, to signs, objective manifestations of pathologic changes. Several techniques were developed to elicit signs in clinical practice, and Laennec used them routinely. He palpated and prodded his patients to get an idea of changes in internal organs. He also applied his ear directly to his patient's chest to hear their heartbeat. On one occassion, he was unable to use these techniques and had the happy occurrence of rolling up a notebook to hear his patient's chest. This led him to hear a great number of new sounds. Through detailed observations, he was able to describe, classify, and correlate these sounds with autopsy findings, thus creating a new semiology of chest diseases. In this essay explore how in which Laennec created his instrument and system of signs of chest diseases, and how he was able to transmit his inventions to his colleagues.
43. Non convulsive status epilepticus and EEG

Over 50 years ago, EEG revealed nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE). There is no universal agreement on EEG characteristics of NCSE. Lack of consensus arises as NCSE does not exist in isolation, but reflects SE under various conditions occurring with age, cerebral development, encephalopathy, and epilepsy syndrome. Current definitions include “boundary conditions”, with EEG seizure activity without clinical seizures. EEG interpretation is an art; what appears to one as SE, is not to another. Seizures and epilepsy syndromes evolved beyond classification as focal or generalized conditions, into a syndromic approach, with similar evolution of EEG analysis. The NCSE syndromic approach is a clinical and EEG correlation addressing the neonatal period, infancy, childhood, adulthood, and late adulthood based on age, encephalopathy, cerebral development, etiology, and syndrome. Proceeding from a classification of SE, a systematic search for reports with EEG patterns of NCSE using the online medical search engine PubMed for 22 search strategies produced 4328 results, and 123 cases with corresponding EEG patterns of epilepsy syndromes. A synthesis of EEG morphologies and evolutions of individual NCSE syndromes according to the NCSE classification can be found in “Electroencephalographic criteria for nonconvulsive status epilepticus: Synopsis and comprehensive survey” (Sutter and Kaplan, 2012).
Revenge Pornography: Mental Health Implications and Related Legislation

Revenge pornography, also known as nonconsensual pornography, is a subtype of cyberharassment/cyberstalking, and a serious problem facing society in the Internet age. Revenge pornography can result in lifelong mental health consequences for victims, damaged relationships, and social isolation. Recently, a growing number of states have recognized the importance of this phenomenon and have enacted legislation that criminalizes it. The technology industry has also taken steps to assist victims of revenge pornography by creating web forms to request removal of links leading to the explicit content. The Cyber Civil Rights Initiative (CCRI) has been instrumental in promoting public awareness of this often overlooked problem and in providing services for victims. Although important steps have been made, greater recognition of the gravity of this problem and the mental health implications of revenge pornography is needed to expand legislation criminalizing such acts. A federal criminal law, in particular, is much overdue. Mental health professionals must understand the dimensions of revenge pornography to be able to identify and address the consequences in both forensic and clinical settings.
Bioluminescence spectra from three deep-sea polychaete worms

Bioluminescence is the production of light from living organisms, a phenomenon which is commonplace in the ocean. For polychaetes, because many pelagic species are difficult to catch in good condition, they remain almost completely unstudied compared to coastal species that are more easily captured by researchers. In this work, bioluminescence spectra are reported in vivo from three pelagic species, a blue-green light-emitting specimen of Tomopteris sp. (Phyllodocidae), a genus whose species are generally reported to emit yellow light, and two Flabelligeridae, Poeobius meseres, and Flota flabelligera. All three species generate light along the whole length of the body, at distinct spots for F. flabelligera and Tomopteris sp. The light emission peaks are very similar to each other, ranging from 493 to 497 nm, similar to the in vitro bioluminescence peak for the more thoroughly studied Odontosyllis enopla. This wavelength is red-shifted compared to many other pelagic animals, but blue-shifted compared to polynoid worms. This is the first report of bioluminescence from F. flabelligera and P. meseres and the first reported spectrum of a blue-light-emitting Tomopteris sp from the Pacific.
A Perspective on Welding Science

Welding science is an interdisciplinary field involving metallurgy and materials science, heat, fluid, and mass transfer, and arc and plasma physics to name a few. Three areas of welding science have been the focus of much research the past few years as welding scientists attempt to understand the phenomena responsible for producing fusion welds with acceptable service properties. Broadly defined, these areas are:1. physical and numerical modeling of the heat and fluid flow during fusion welding,2. understanding the microstructural evolution during solidification and cooling of welds, and3. welding of advanced materials.This short review will focus on these fusion welding research themes to provide the reader with a flavor of the work in progress at several major government, industry, and university laboratories.Much of both the experimental and theoretical studies that have advanced the understanding of fusion welding processes revolves around delineating the roles of mass, momentum, and energy transfer. The earliest models of fusion welding processes were analytical models of heat transfer by conduction. These models not only excluded much of the physics of the process, but assumed point or linear heat sources. Nevertheless, these models provided useful insight about the interplay between power and weld speed, particularly regarding weld pool shape. Also, although quantitative predictions of weld pool shape were generally inaccurate, predicted thermal contours and cooling rates away from the fusion zone were useful in understanding the extent of heat-affected zones.
A surrogate modeling approach for reliability analysis of a multidisciplinary system with spatio-temporal output

Reliability analysis of a multidisciplinary system is computationally intensive due to the involvement of multiple disciplinary models and coupling between the individual models. When the system inputs and outputs are varying over time and space, the reliability analysis is even more challenging. This paper proposes a surrogate model-based method for the reliability analysis of a multidisciplinary system with spatio-temporal output. The transient characteristics of the multidisciplinary system output under time-dependent variability are analyzed first. Based on the transient analysis, surrogate models are built for individual disciplinary analyses instead of a single surrogate model for the fully coupled analysis. To address the challenge introduced by the high-dimensionality of spatially varying inter-disciplinary coupling variables, a data compression method is first employed to convert the high-dimensional coupling variables into low-dimensional latent space. Kriging surrogate modeling is then used to build surrogates for the individual disciplinary models in the latent space. Based on the individual disciplinary surrogate models, reliability analysis of the coupled multidisciplinary system under time-dependent uncertainty is investigated. Further, epistemic uncertainty sources, such as data uncertainty and model uncertainty, lead to uncertainty in the reliability estimate. Therefore, an auxiliary variable approach is used to efficiently include the epistemic uncertainty sources within the reliability analysis. An aircraft panel subjected to hypersonic flow conditions is used to demonstrate the proposed method. The analysis involves four interacting disciplinary models, namely, aerodynamics, aerothermal analysis, heat transfer, and structural analysis. The results show that the proposed method is able to effectively perform reliability analysis of a multidisciplinary system with spatio-temporal output.
Transfiguring desire: Divining the origin of species.

ABSTRACTIn this piece, we combine autoethnographic and poetic methods/genres to examine intimate and social experiences we have had as two transmasculine queers with complex sexual and gender histories in an intergenerational relationship. If queerness/transness is a “species,” our title, playing on Darwin, promises an answer to oft-asked problematic questions of queer/trans origins. Refusing to address this question, we instead turn Darwin on himself and examine intimate moments in our lives to show how we have experienced the constant formation and personal evolution of desire and identity. Tracing memories reaching back 28 years for one of us and 58 years for the other, we describe our shifting desire and embodiment and locate ourselves in lesbian, gay, trans, and queer histories. We next investigate how illness, disability, and age difference inflect and shape the ways we understand and relate to each other and intersubjectively make meaning in our present relationship. Our inquiry illustrates our com...
Einiges über die deutsche Hüttensprache im Mittelalter

Wahrend die Bergmannssprache in den letzten Jahrzehnten immer mehr und immer intensiver untersucht worden ist, haben die Sprachwissenschaftler die Fachsprache der Metallschmelzer vernachlassigt. Hochstens wurde sie als identisch mit der Sprache der Bergleute betrachtet.1 Worter wie Stichprobe,2Priifstein, aufbereiten, lautern, Feuerprobe und abgefeimt3 sollen von der Bergmannssprache (!) in die allgemeine Sprache gekommen sein. Masse, Duse4 (Mundungsrohre vom Blasebalg im Schmelzofen), partieren, gradieren, granulieren, temperieren5 werden als Beispiele von Fremdwortern in der Bergmannssprache (!) erwahnt. Man sollte sich daruber klar sein, das der Beruf des Bergmanns und der des Metallschmelzers verschiedene Arbeitsgebiete umfassen, und das man daher beide Berufssprachen gesondert betrachten mus. Zwar gibt es Worter, die sowohl in der einen wie in der anderen Fachsprache vorkommen, aber meistens haben sie dann nicht die gleiche Bedeutung. Wenn der Bergmann vom alten Mann spricht, meint er ‘einen verschutteten Raum in der Grube’, der Huttenmann aber denkt bei diesem Ausdruck an ‘Kupferrauch’. Frisch bedeutet fur den Bergmann ‘nicht bruchig, fes’, fur den Huttenmann ‘rein’ oder ‚ungebraucht‘ (Frischblei). Der Bergmann versteht unter einem Vorschlag ‘einen eisernen Keil, den er vor den Fus eines Grubenstempels setzt, um das Abrutschen zu verhindern‘, der Huttenmann meint damit ‘dem Erze beim Schmelzen einen Zusatz geben, damit es leichter flussig wird’. Der Bergmann denkt bei Hund an einen ‘Karren zur Beforderung der Erze’, der Huttenmann an einen ‘kleinen Ofen, der vor einem groseren steht’. Der Hut ist fur den Bergmann ‘der Holzaufsatz uber der Mundung eines Schachtes‘, fur den Huttenmann ist er ‘der Deckel uber dem Treibherd’.
(Mis)Taken Identities: Reclaiming Identities of the “Collective Black” in Mathematics Education Research Through an Exercise in Black Specificity:

This chapter reviews two strands of identity-based research in mathematics education related to Black children, exemplified by Martin (2000) and Nasir (2002). Identity-based research in mathematics...
Abstract WP212: Association Between Within-visit Blood Pressure Variability and Stroke

Introduction: Long-term variability in systolic blood pressure (SBP) is associated with higher risk of cardiovascular events. Little is known about the association between within-visit SBP variability and stroke. Hypothesis: Higher within-visit SBP variability is associated with higher odds of stroke. Methods: Participants included adults ≥18 years who participated in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1999 to 2010. Stroke was self-reported. SBP was obtained up to four times by a physician, using a manual sphygmomanometer according standardized procedures. Within-visit SBP variability was defined as standard deviation of the BP measurements, stratified into quartiles. We evaluated the relationship between within-visit SBP variability and odds of having had a stroke using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Of the 27,987 adults, 16.4% were aged ≥ 65 years, 51.3% were female, 71.2% were White, 10.7% were Black and 7.9% were Mexican American. Factors associated with higher mean SBP variability included older age, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, peripheral artery disease, and smoking (all P Conclusions: Within-visit variability in SBP is associated with increased odds of stroke but the relationship is confounded by age and covariates.
Transcranial Approach to the Orbit

The transcranial approach to the orbit requires specialized knowledge, skill, and instrumentation. It can be performed by neurosurgeons but is commonly approached collaboratively, with an orbital, skull base, and/or craniofacial plastic surgeon joining the neurosurgical team to provide specialized skills. The role of the ophthalmic plastic surgeon, as an orbital specialist, includes preoperative evaluation and planning, intraoperative anatomic expertise, and postoperative care.
Commemorating Mass Violence: Truth Commission Hearings as a Genre of Public Memory

This article considers truth commission public hearings as a genre of public memory. Building on transitional justice, public memory, public deliberation and meetings, and trauma and witnessing research, it examines how public hearings of truth commissions engage in public memorializing about mass violence. Drawing on ethnographic observation and textual analysis of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Liberia Diaspora Project public hearings, this article elaborates three characteristics of the public hearing genre: they are ritual performance events that engage audiences and are focused on representations of violence in first-person testimony. Understanding these events communicatively provides insight into how to create inclusive, representative responses to mass violence and extends our understanding of public memory, deliberation, and meetings to post-conflict contexts.
Assessment of depression and bereavement in older adults.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of conceptual, diagnostic, and practical issues associated with the assessment of late-life depression and bereavement in older adults. It reviews the commonly used assessment instruments, followed by case studies illustrating the complexity of assessing older adults who present with symptoms of depression, complicated bereavement, or both. It emphasizes on the need for multidimensional and multi-method assessment, and consideration of the importance of cultural factors. Shortcomings of the current DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for depression are noted in light of the age-related differences in symptom experience and presentation. The need for multidimensional and multi-method assessment cannot be overemphasized, particularly in light of the multiple factors that can contribute to the presentation of depression and bereavement. The mounting evidence of the importance of cultural factors in the presentation and epidemiology of depression should not be ignored. Finally, there is a continuing need for assessment instrument development and refinement, particularly as we come to better understand the unique experience and presentations of older adults, and the need to address subsyndromal symptoms that can curtail daily activities and diminish quality of life.
Is there an adverse outcome from abandoned pacing leads

Background. Indications for extraction of an abandoned pacemaker lead (APL) are controversial. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not APLs should be extracted in the absence of pacemaker-related problems. Methods and Results. We retrospectively reviewed, from 1977 through 1998, all patients with retained, non-functional leads and identified 433—266 males and 167 females. Mean age at initial pacemaker implantation was 68[emsp4 ]years. These patients received a total of 259 atrial and 948 ventricular leads. Of the total of 1,207 leads, 611 became non-functional. A total of 531 non-functional leads were abandoned, of which 18 were later extracted: one APL in 345 patients, two in 78, and three in 10. Indications for new lead placement when non-functional leads were abandoned included capture and/or sensing failure (243), lead recall (177), lead fracture (86), pacing system replacement to the contralateral side (11), accommodating patient growth (5), pacemaker function upgrade (5), replacement with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD, 2), interference with ICD (1), and unknown (1). Complications that were associated with pacemakers were found in 24 patients (5.5%)—pacemaker system infection (8 patients) and venous occlusion at the time of a subsequent procedure of new lead placement when APLs had already been in place (16) which resulted in APL extraction (7) or transfer of the pacemaker system to the contralateral side (9). Neither venous thrombosis nor other complications were found in the remaining 409 patients (94.5%). The incidence of complications was higher in patients with three APLs than in patients with two or fewer APLs (40% vs. 4.7%, P=1×10−6), in patients with four or more total lead implantations than in patients with three or fewer total lead implantations (26.2% vs. 0.6%, P<1×10−10), and in patients with three or more procedures of new lead placements than in patients with two or fewer procedures of new lead placements (36.4% vs. 3.9%, P=1×10−10). Patients with complications were younger than those without complications both at the time of initial pacemaker implantation (59±16 vs. 68±17[emsp4 ]y, P=0.01) and when non-functional leads were abandoned (63±15 vs. 71±16[emsp4 ]y, P=0.04). Mean numbers of APLs, total leads implanted, and procedures of new lead placement were significantly larger in patients with complications than in those without complications (1.58±0.78 vs. 1.2±0.44, 4.96±1.23 vs. 2.66±0.8, and 2.13±0.85 vs. 1.25±0.53, P=0.03, 4×10−9 and 4×10−5, respectively). Conclusions. 1. With only 5.5% of patients having had pacemaker-related complications, the adverse outcome of APL is small. 2. Clinical clues to the possible occasion for pacemaker-related complications include three or more APLs, four or more total leads, three or more procedures of new lead placement, and a younger age at initial pacemaker implantation. 3. Patients with a large number of APLs, total lead implantations, and procedures of new lead placement should be carefully observed to detect possible pacemaker-associated complications.
Ensuring Android Execution Containers with Formal Methods

Cybersecurity seems to be a losing battle in the 21st century. As such, current methods of defense detect and respond to threats, which is an ex postfacto defense” (i.e., after the fact defense). In contrast, this research investigates the alternative view that a more reliable defense is one that is preventative by default. Specifically, taking the view that security is a subset of reliability motivates the development and application of assured methods. In particular, the safe execution of unreliable or malicious software can be assured through the design and implementation of formally specified software containers. Devices across all operating systems are under siege from a constant threat of automated and directed cyberattacks. Android, being the most popular operating system of all time, is not shielded from cyberattacks. A new means to assure a device's security through reliable execution is needed to stop these threats. Assured Android Execution Environments (A2E2) is a proposed framework that will be formally verified to assure the reliability and security on Android devices.
Biophysically interpretable recurrent neural network for functional magnetic resonance imaging analysis and sparsity based causal architecture discovery

Recent efforts use state-of-the-art Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) to gain insight into neuroscience. A limitation of these works is that the used generic RNNs lack biophysical meaning, making the interpretation of the results in a neuroscience context difficult. In this paper, we propose a biophysically interpretable RNN built on the Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM). DCM is an advanced nonlinear generative model typically used to test hypotheses of brain causal architectures and associated effective connectivities. We show that DCM can be cast faithfully as a special form of a new generalized RNN. In the resulting DCM-RNN, the hidden states are neural activity, blood flow, blood volume, and deoxyhemoglobin content and the parameters are biological quantities such as effective connectivity, oxygen extraction fraction and vessel wall elasticity. DCM-RNN is a versatile tool for neuroscience with great potential especially when combined with deep learning networks. In this study, we explore sparsity- based causal architecture discovery with DCM-RNN. In the experiments, we demonstrate that DCM-RNN equipped with $l_{1}$ connectivity regulation is more robust to noise and more powerful at discovering sparse architectures than classic DCM with $l_{2}$ connectivity regulation.
Duality, Duel, Diplomacy: Aesthetics and Politics of Mediation in Arthur Schnitzler’s Der Weg ins Freie

The rise of anti-Semitism in conjunction with probing the possibilities of literary narratives makes literature itself a site of negotiation in late imperial Austria. This article reads Arthur Schn...
Serious psychological distress and daily cannabis use, 2008 to 2016: Potential implications for mental health?

Abstract Background Daily cannabis use is increasing in the United States (US). Yet, it is not known whether daily cannabis use is disproportionately common, or whether it has increased differentially over time, by mental health status. This study estimated the prevalence of daily cannabis use among adults in the US with and without past-month serious psychological distress (SPD; measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6)) in 2016 and estimated trends in daily cannabis use by past-30-day SPD status from 2008 to 2016. Methods Data were drawn from adults age 18 and older in the 2008–2016 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (combined total analytic sample n = 356,413). Linear time trends of daily cannabis use, stratified by SPD status, were assessed using logistic regression models with continuous year as the predictor. Results In 2016, past-month daily cannabis use was significantly more common among those with past-month SPD (8.07%), compared to those without past-month SPD (2.66%). Daily cannabis use increased significantly from 2008 to 2016 among those both with and without SPD although use among those with SPD was persistently higher than use among those without SPD over the time period studied. Conclusions Daily cannabis use is significantly more common among persons with serious psychological distress and is increasing in this group, as well as among those without. Given this increase and the high prevalence of cannabis use among those with SPD, it may be important to consider potential consequences of this increased use for those with mental health vulnerabilities.
Taboo probability functions

We proceed to develop the continuous parameter analogue of the theory of taboo probabilities given in § I.9. While the intuitive content is easily seen the formal details must be treated with caution and the main result (Theorem 8 below) depends essentially on the strong Markov property discussed in § 9 and its consequences given in Theorems 6 and 7 here. Some interesting properties of an instantaneous state are obtained as by-product which will perhaps play a role in a further study.
Proteomic Insights into Phycobilisome Degradation, A Selective and Tightly Controlled Process in The Fast-Growing Cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973.

Phycobilisomes (PBSs) are large (3–5 megadalton) pigment-protein complexes in cyanobacteria that associate with thylakoid membranes and harvest light primarily for photosystem II. PBSs consist of highly ordered assemblies of pigmented phycobiliproteins (PBPs) and linker proteins that can account for up to half of the soluble protein in cells. Cyanobacteria adjust to changing environmental conditions by modulating PBS size and number. In response to nutrient depletion such as nitrogen (N) deprivation, PBSs are degraded in an extensive, tightly controlled, and reversible process. In Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973, a fast-growing cyanobacterium with a doubling time of two hours, the process of PBS degradation is very rapid, with 80% of PBSs per cell degraded in six hours under optimal light and CO2 conditions. Proteomic analysis during PBS degradation and re-synthesis revealed multiple proteoforms of PBPs with partially degraded phycocyanobilin (PCB) pigments. NblA, a small proteolysis adaptor essential for PBS degradation, was characterized and validated with targeted mass spectrometry. NblA levels rose from essentially 0 to 25,000 copies per cell within 30 min of N depletion, and correlated with the rate of decrease in phycocyanin (PC). Implications of this correlation on the overall mechanism of PBS degradation during N deprivation are discussed.
Response of Mercury Contamination in Fish to Decreased Aqueous Concentrations and Loading of Inorganic Mercury in a Small Stream

Approximately 250 000 kg of mercury was lost towater and soils at the U.S. Dept. of Energy Y-12 Plantin Oak Ridge, Tennessee in the 1950s and early 1960s. A creek originating within the plant receivedcontinuous inputs of waterborne mercury, predominantlyas dissolved inorganic mercury, from groundwater,streambed contamination, and sump and process waterdischarges to the contaminated storm sewer network.These produce aqueous total mercury concentrations of1–2 μg L-1 in the upper reaches of the stream,decreasing to about 0.1–0.2 μg L-1 in its lowerreaches. A program to reduce mercury concentrationsin the creek identified specific sources (buildingsumps, contaminated springwater seeps, foundationdrains, and contaminated piping) and rerouted wateraround contaminated portions of the drain system orcollected and treated mercury-contaminated waterbefore discharging it. As a result, waterbornemercury concentrations in the creek and total mercuryloading were reduced from 1.8 μg L-1 to0.6 μg L-1 and 100 to 20 g d-1, respectively, in the last 5 yr.Mean mercury concentrations in fish nearest sourceareas in the creek headwaters decreased at roughly thesame rate as waterborne total mercury concentrationsover the past five years, but at the facility boundarydownstream the decline in mercury bioaccumulation wasmuch less. At sites 5–15 km farther downstream, nodecrease was evident. Dissolved methylmercury tendedto increase with distance downstream in a patterninverse to that noted for its dissolved inorganicmercury precursor.Improvements in water quality and modification ofweirs to allow the passage of fish have resulted inthe establishment of large populations of fish inmercury-contaminated headwater areas previously devoidof fish. It may be that the accumulation, retention,and eventual downstream transport of this reservoir ofbiologically incorporated methylmercury has acted tobuffer against expected reductions in mercury in fishat downstream sites.
Certain risk factors for patients with desmoid tumors warrant reconsideration of local therapy strategies.

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to evaluate treatment outcomes for patients with desmoid tumors (DTs) receiving local therapy with surgery alone, radiation therapy (RT) alone, or combined modality therapy (RT and surgery). METHODS This was a cross-sectional cohort study of 412 patients with nonmesenteric DTs who received local therapy at the authors' institution between 1965 and 2018. RESULTS The median follow-up time was 95 months (range, 1-509 months). Local recurrence occurred in 127 patients (31%) at a median time of 21 months (interquartile range, 12-38 months). The 5-year local control (LC) rate was 67%. Patient or tumor factors that were significantly associated with poorer 5-year LC in a multivariable analysis included an age ≤ 30 years (57% vs 75% for an age > 30 years; hazard ratio [HR], 1.73; P = .004), an extremity location (57% vs 71% for a nonextremity location; HR, 1.77; P = .004), and large tumors (59% for >10 cm [HR, 2.17; P = .004] and 65% for 5.1-10 cm [HR, 1.71; P = .02] vs 76% for ≤5 cm). Subset analyses of these high-risk patients revealed no local therapy strategy to be superior for young patients ≤ 30 years old (HR for surgery, 1.42; P = .33; HR for RT, 1.36; P = .38) or for large tumors > 10 cm (HR for surgery, 1.55; P = .46; HR for RT, 0.91; P = .91). However, for patients with extremity tumors, surgery alone was significantly associated with inferior LC (HR for surgery, 5.15; P < .001; HR for RT, 1.51; P = .38). CONCLUSIONS Local therapy provides durable tumor control in the majority of patients with DTs. However, young patients, patients with an extremity location, and patients with large tumors are at increased risk of recurrence. When active treatment is indicated, systemic therapy should perhaps be considered as a first-line option in these high-risk subsets. Prospective multi-institutional studies evaluating this strategy are warranted.
Hostile/Helpless maternal representations in pregnancy and later child removal: A pilot study

This article presents the results of a small pilot study examining links between Hostile/Helpless (HH) representations of caregiving in pregnancy and later child removal by child protective services. The sample was drawn from a replication study of the Minding the Baby® attachment-based home-visiting intervention conducted in the United Kingdom, serving young first-time mothers in under resourced communities. The HH classification system (Lyons-Ruth et al.) was adapted for use with the Pregnancy Interview (PI) (Slade); 26 PIs were assessed (coders blinded) in a sample that included 13 mothers whose infants were removed from custody due to anticipated or documented maltreatment within 2 years of childbirth, and 13 mothers who did not have their infants removed. Mothers whose infants were removed from their custody had significantly higher HH scores than mothers of infants who were not removed from their care (F(1, 24) = 14.500, p < .001), and the relation between overall HH classification and infant removal status was also significant (χ2 (1, N = 26) = 12.462, p < .001). Results suggest that prenatal maternal caregiving representations may predict postnatal relationship disruptions, and indicate the need for larger studies further testing this prenatal approach to maltreatment risk assessment in at-risk populations.
Rheumatoid arthritis-related lung disease detected on clinical chest computed tomography imaging: Prevalence, risk factors, and impact on mortality.

Abstract Objective We aimed to determine the real-world prevalence and investigate risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related lung disease on chest computed tomography (CT) imaging. We also investigated the impact of RA-related lung disease on mortality. Methods We studied chest CT imaging abnormalities among RA patients. We determined the presence and type of abnormalities using the chest CT imaging radiologic report. RA-related lung disease was defined as interstitial lung disease (ILD), bronchiectasis, or pleural disease. We examined whether demographics and RA characteristics were associated with RA-related lung disease using logistic regression. RA-related lung disease and mortality was described using survival curves and Cox regression. Results We analyzed 190 patients who had chest CT imaging performed for clinical indications. Mean age was 64.2 years (SD 11.8), 80.0% were female, and 75.3% were seropositive. RA-related lung disease was detected in 54 patients (28.4%); 30 (15.8%) had ILD, 27 (14.2%) had bronchiectasis, and 18 (9.5%) had pleural disease. RA-related lung disease was reported in both seropositive and seronegative RA (28.7% vs. 27.7%, p = 1.00). Male sex (OR 2.62, 95%CI 1.17–5.88) and current methotrexate use (OR 2.73, 95%CI 1.27–5.61 vs. not current) were associated with RA-related lung disease. Twenty-four (44.4%) patients with RA-related lung disease died during mean 7.0 years of follow-up. RA-related lung disease had HR of 5.35 (95%CI 0.72–39.9) for mortality compared to normal chest CT. Conclusions In this real-world study, RA-related lung disease was commonly detected on chest CT imaging regardless of RA serostatus. RA-related lung disease had high mortality, emphasizing the importance in close monitoring of these patients.
Emotions and Human Nature

Emotions are known at a relatively basic level, yet their fuller understanding is essential to clarifying the dynamics of human evolution. Emotions, in biological terms, are functional mental states in individuals caused by sensory inputs and yielding behavioral outputs. But for conscious humans, emotions and human nature may be constructed by the interplay of the mind and the external world. The chapter explores methods for the analysis of emotions in individuals and then turns to methods for studying the construction of emotions in interactions among individuals. On this basis, the chapter then turns to the deep and conflicted debates on “human nature”—asking to what degree it is biologically ingrained behavior and to what degree it is constructed behavior that can be modified by individual volition or by social action. The study of these methods is to determine whether it will be possible to document the interplay between biologically based emotions and the social expression of emotions and outlooks by individuals and groups (163).
Judicial Decision-Making and Judicial Review: The State of the Debate, Circa 2009

In this article, we consider each of these five recent statements on the topic of judicial decisionmaking, placing the books into a broader context of theories on judicial review. As noted in this review, there are four basic styles of judicial decisionmaking: formalism (where literal text is given great weight), Holmesian (often characterized by deference to government action and concern for underlying purposes of the law), natural law (emphasis on judicial precedent and general principles underlying the law); and instrumentalism (great attention paid to alternative social policy consequences of a decision). With regard to constitutional interpretation, formalist judges focus on sources of meaning existing at the time of ratification – text, context, and history – with particular focus on literal text. This leads to a static, or fixed, view of the Constitution based on the textual meaning at the time of ratification. Holmesian judges add to these sources a judicial deference to legislative, executive, and, to some extent, social practice under the Constitution. Natural law judges add to these sources great respect for precedent and reasoned elaboration of the law. Instrumentalist judges add a focus on prudential principles. For conservative instrumentalists, this typically involves greater weight paid to prudential principles of judicial restraint; for liberal instrumentalists, this typically involves greater weight paid to principles of justice or social policy embedded in the law. Comparing the five books discussed in this article, it is clear that descriptions and evaluations of what happens in judicial decisionmaking are influenced by the observer’s perspective on what style of deciding is preferred. Placed in this perspective, each of these five books makes a good contribution to legal scholarship, once the predisposition of the author is understood: Judge Posner (conservative instrumentalist); Justice Scalia (formalist); Professor Quirk (Holmesian); Professor Farber (natural law, with a hint of liberal instrumentalism), and Professor Purcell (liberal instrumentalist).
The Community Caretaker Role: How Weekly Newspapers Shielded Their Communities While Covering the Mississippi ICE Raids

This research puts forward the conceptual journalistic role of “community caretaker.” A qualitative textual analysis, based on coverage of the largest single-state immigration enforcement sweep in ...
Switchable Transduction in GAN MEMS with Off-State Shunt

This work presents a switchable MEMS resonator in an AlN/GaN heterostructure targeted for reconfigurable RF components in next generation programmable radios. The carrier density of a 2D electron gas (2DEG) is set by a Schottky control gate out of line with the RF signal. When a negative bias voltage applied to the control gate is larger than the threshold voltage, the 2DEG channel is depleted allowing an RF signal launched by Ohmic interdigitated transducers (IDTs) to effectively transduce S o Lamb mode resonance at 995 MHz. Unique to this transducer design, mechanical transduction is completely blocked by a shunted path created by a 2DEG in the OFF state. This is the first characterization of a resonator with such off-state shunt transduction. Equivalent circuit models for ON and OFF states were developed and parameters were extracted from fitting to measurement. At ON state, the resonators demonstrated maximum f.Q product of 5×1012 s−1 m and FOM of 5.18.
Feasibility and acceptability of a digital health intervention to promote engagement in and adherence to medication for opioid use disorder

Abstract Background Buprenorphine-naloxone is an evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). Despite its efficacy, nearly half of patients discontinue treatment prematurely. Novel intervention strategies that may be delivered outside of traditional treatment settings are needed to support buprenorphine uptake and maintenance. The goal of this study was to elucidate key elements surrounding the acceptability/feasibility and structure of an interactive computer- and text message–delivered personalized feedback intervention for adults initiating outpatient buprenorphine treatment. Methods Twenty-four adults engaged in treatment at two outpatient addiction treatment centers completed semistructured interviews exploring preferences around digital health interventions. Trained interviewers conducted interviews, the study audio-recorded them, and a professional agency transcribed them verbatim. The research team iteratively developed a coding structure using thematic and content analysis and entered it into a framework matrix. The team double coded each transcript. Results The sample was balanced by gender, primary type of opioid use (prescription pills; heroin/fentanyl), and phase of recovery [early (≤8 weeks of treatment) vs. late (>8 weeks of treatment)]. The study reached saturation after 24 interviews (mean age = 38.9; 70.8% white; 8.3% Hispanic/Latino). (1) Acceptability/feasibility themes: A computer- and text message–based intervention that incorporates a motivational- and distress tolerance–based framework is highly acceptable. Presentation of material, including the length of the intervention, is effective in facilitating learning. The center should offer the intervention to individuals entering treatment and they should have the flexibility to complete the intervention at the center or in private from their own home. The use of technology for intervention delivery helps to overcome fears of judgment stemming from stigmatizing experiences. (2) Structural themes: The text message intervention should deliver both predetermined (automatic) and on demand messages. Two to three messages per day (morning and early evening), with the option to elicit additional messages as needed, would be ideal. The messages must be personalized. Incorporating multimedia such as emojis, gifs, and links to videos will increase interactivity. Conclusions Overall, adults engaged in outpatient buprenorphine treatment were receptive to an interactive computer- and text messaged–delivered personalized feedback intervention to support recovery. Incorporating thematic results on suggested structural changes may increase the usability of this intervention to improve treatment outcomes by reducing illicit opioid use, increasing adherence/retention, and preventing future overdose and other complications of illicit opioid use.
Deploying individual-level resources under constraints: Evidence from UK M&A legal advisory firms

In this paper, we develop and test a framework to better understand how firms strategically deploy their individual-level resources to opportunities. We analyze the allocation of individual-level r...