cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fine-scale geographic patterns of gene flow and reproductive character displacement in Drosophila subquinaria and Drosophila recens.

When two species are incompletely isolated, strengthening premating isolation barriers in response to the production of low fitness hybrids may complete the speciation process. Here, we use the sister species Drosophila subquinaria and Drosophila recens to study the conditions under which this reinforcement of species boundaries occurs in natural populations. We first extend the region of known sympatry between these species, and then we conduct a fine-scale geographic survey of mate discrimination coupled with estimates of gene flow within and admixture between species. Within D. subquinaria, reinforcement is extremely effective: we find variation in mate discrimination both against D. recens males and against conspecific allopatric males on the scale of a few kilometres and in the face of gene flow both from conspecific populations and introgression from D. recens. In D. recens, we do not find evidence for increased mate discrimination in sympatry, even where D. recens is rare, consistent with substantial gene flow throughout the species' range. Finally, we find that introgression between species is asymmetric, with more from D. recens into D. subquinaria than vice versa. Within each species, admixture is highest in the geographic region where it is rare relative to the other species, suggesting that when hybrids are produced they are of low fitness. In sum, reinforcement within D. subquinaria is effective at maintaining species boundaries, but even when reinforcing selection is strong it may not always result in a pattern of strong reproductive character displacement due to variation in the frequency of hybridization and gene flow from neighbouring populations.
Decoupled Control for Parallel Drive No-Voltage Bearingless Motors

To improve power density and motor performance, new bearingless motor topologies combine torque and magnetic suspension coils into a single winding. Of these topologies, the parallel dual-purpose no-voltage (DPNV) winding is advantageous from the bearingless drive perspective because it requires the least amount of hardware. However, due to the nature of the combined winding, this topology can result in undesirable control performance from cross-coupling effects between the suspension and torque operation. This paper investigates these cross-coupling effects using rotating reference frame theory to derive relevant system disturbance transfer functions. The nature of this coupling is explained in relation to the machine and control parameters (inductances, resistances, controller gains) to provide insights for bearingless machine and control designers. Finally, the paper proposes and simulates different control techniques to minimize or eliminate the cross-coupling. It is shown that with careful machine design or with proper feedback control compensation, the motor controller can be implemented as a conventional motor drive, without knowledge of the magnetic suspension system.
Human fibroblast tissue factor is inhibited by lipoprotein-associated coagulation inhibitor and placental anticoagulant protein but not by apolipoprotein A-II

Studies of proteins that inhibit tissue factor activity have generally been conducted using either an extracted tissue homogenate (“thromboplastin”) or tissue factor protein reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles rather than with tissue factor expressed in cell membranes (its physiological environment). In the present study, a human fibroblast cell strain was used to evaluate the effects of lipoprotein associated coagulation inhibitor (LACI), placental anticoagulant protein (PAP), and apolipoprotein A-II (apo A-II) on human tissue factor in cell membranes. LACI was tested from 7.8 to 500 pmol/L on fibroblasts cultured at cell densities ranging from 3,500 to 9,925 cells/well, and caused a progressive inhibition of tissue factor activity. PAP was tested from 3.9 nmol/L to 1 mumol/L at cell densities ranging from 4,500 to 15,400 cells/well and caused up to 83% inhibition of tissue factor activity. Inhibition by these proteins appeared to be influenced by cell density as well as whether the cells were intact or disrupted. Apo A-II, up to 1 mumol/L, did not inhibit the tissue factor activity of intact or disrupted fibroblasts at any cell density examined even though it did inhibit the activity of tissue factor in phospholipid vesicles. Of these inhibitors of tissue factor-dependent activation of factor X, LACI was the most effective in suppressing the generation of factor Xa activity. The effects obtained with apo A-II are clearly dependent on the nature of the tissue factor preparation with which it is tested. The disparity between the inhibitory effect of apo A-II on the activity of tissue factor reconstituted into lipid vesicles and the absence of effect on the activity of tissue factor remaining in cell membranes serves to reemphasize the necessity of reexamining results obtained with model systems using as nearly physiological reagents as possible.
An urban flood inundation model based on cellular automata

This study develops a modified cellular automata (CA) model to simulate the flash flood inundation extent on a case study of an urban sub-catchment, in New York City. Based on the soil composition, the Horton equation is modified with threshold infiltration rates and applied to different land cover types. Further, the orifice equation is updated with a time variant parameter to account for partial/full blockage in the inlets. We propose a slope weighted flow transfer function to adjust the CA model and address the problem of depth positivity and flow regime changes, occurring due to the partial submergence. Seven ponding points with different levels of inundation are detected in the survey of the area and accordingly compared with the output of the simulation. The results prove the applicability of the developed CA model to reproduce the evolution of water depth.
Research on the service surrogate based on component management technology of open SaaS platform

The component management technology based on service surrogate is proposed so as to solve the problems of distributed component management of open SaaS service platform.A system application framework is designed,and the development,deployment,runtime management and the refreshment mechanism of the component of open SaaS service platform are studied and used for the contribution of automobile supply platform.It shows that the technology predigests the program of component development and management of the open SaaS platform and improves the stability and development efficiency of the system.The application of the technology promotes the continuous improvement of the ability of the open SaaS service platform.
Fatal attraction: The roles of ribosomal proteins in the viral life cycle

Upon viral infection of a host cell, each virus starts a program to generate many progeny viruses. Although viruses interact with the host cell in numerous ways, one critical step in the virus life cycle is the expression of viral proteins, which are synthesized by the host ribosomes in conjunction with host translation factors. Here we review different mechanisms viruses have evolved to effectively seize host cell ribosomes, the roles of specific ribosomal proteins and their posttranslational modifications on viral RNA translation, or the cellular response to infection. We further highlight ribosomal proteins with extra-ribosomal function during viral infection and put the knowledge of ribosomal proteins during viral infection into the larger context of ribosome-related diseases, known as ribosomopathies. This article is categorized under: Translation > Translation Mechanisms Translation > Translation Regulation.
The Quest for Caribbean Identities: Postcolonial Conflicts and Cross-Cultural Fertilization in Derek Walcott’s Poetry

ABSTRACT: This paper investigates how the political merges with the literary in Derek Walcott’s poetry, using the poems “A Latin Primer” and “The Light of the World” as primary examples. In these two poems, Walcott explores the colonial wounds of the Caribbean region and the various consequences of colonialism for the forging of Caribbean’s contemporary identities. He proposes a model of Caribbeanness that values racial multiplicity and cross-dialogues between cultures, including, perhaps problematically, the European cultural tradition, as fertilizing. For Walcott, poetic creativity serves to truly unify and find points of connections in a disjointed postcolonial world. This paper examines the implications of Walcott’s stances on postcolonial identity politics and compares Walcott to several French Caribbean authors. RESUME: Cet article explore comment la polique et la litterature fusionnent dans la poesie du Prix Nobel de Litterature Derek Walcott, utilisant les poemes “A Latin Primer” et “The Light of the World” comme exemples principaux. Dans ces deux poemes, Walcott analyse les blessures coloniales encourues par les Antilles et les differentes consequences du colonialisme pour la creation des identites antillaises contemporaines. Il propose un modele d’antillanite qui celebre la multiplicite raciale et les dialogues fertilisateurs entre les cultures, y compris la culture europeenne, donnant peut-etre ainsi matiere a controverse. Pour Walcott, la creativite poetique sert a unifier et connecter un monde postcolonial disjoint. Cet article examine les differentes implications des positions de Walcott concernant les politiques d’identites postcoloniales et compare Walcott a certains auteurs des Antilles francophones.
Effect of the Paris system for reporting urinary cytology with histologic follow-up.

Background The Paris system (TPS) for Reporting Urinary Cytology provides a standardized reporting system whose main focus is the diagnosis of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC). We conducted a study to see the impact of The Paris System on our cytologic diagnoses with associated histology. Materials and methods We reviewed our pathology database regarding urinary specimens in the year before implementation of The Paris System and the year after. We gathered the data regarding cytologic diagnosis and concurrent/subsequent histology. Results Over a 1-year period from 2016-2017, 486 urine cytology specimens were identified before implementation of The Paris System and diagnosed as follows: 83% benign/negative, 10% atypical, 2% suspicious, 5% HGUC, 0.2% low grade urothelial neoplasm (LGUN), and 0.2% unsatisfactory. Over a next 1-year period from 2017 to 2018, 602 specimens used TPS and diagnosed as follows: 85% negative for HGUC, 6% atypical, 3% suspicious, 4% HGUC, 0.17% LGUN, and 2% unsatisfactory. Although, not listed as a standardized category in The Paris System, our institution used "Negative for high-grade, cannot rule out low-grade urothelial neoplasm (NHL)" as a subcategory of Negative for HGUC. 4% of the cases fell into this category. Focusing on the Atypical category before TPS, histology was available in 15/49 (31%) cases. Of these, 40% had HGUC. Regarding the Atypical category after TPS, histology was available in 21/36 (58%) cases. Of these, 52% were HGUC. For the NHL category, concurrent histology was available in 13/26 (50%) cases. Of these, 67% were low grade urothelial neoplasms. Conclusion Our study showed that TPS lowered the rate of Atypical from 10% to 6%. After the implementation of TPS, Atypical corresponded to a higher rate of high-grade urothelial carcinoma. Also, the NHL subcategory had a high positive predictive value for diagnosing low grade urothelial neoplasms.
What you find depends on how you see: examining asset and deficit perspectives of preservice science teachers’ knowledge and learning

This article explores how scholars have framed studies of preservice science teacher (PST) knowledge and learning over the past twelve years. We examined relevant studies between 2008 and 2020, cod...
Impact of frailty on acute outcomes of endovascular thoracic and abdominal aneurysm repair.

Abstract Background While coding-based frailty tools may readily identify at-risk patients, they have not been adopted into screening guidelines for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair or thoracic endovascular aortic repair at the national level. We aimed to characterize the impact of frailty on clinical outcomes and resource use after endovascular aneurysm repair and thoracic endovascular aortic repair using a nationally representative cohort. Methods The 2005 to 2018 National Inpatient Sample was queried to identify all adults undergoing elective endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair or thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Patients were considered “frail” if they suffered from any frailty-defining diagnoses in the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups. Multivariable regression models were used to identify independent associations with outcomes of interest including in-hospital mortality, nonhome discharge, and hospitalization costs. Results Of an estimated 301,869 patients, 273,415 (90.6%) underwent endovascular aneurysm repair and the remainder thoracic endovascular aortic repair. Frailty prevalence was lower in the endovascular aneurysm repair cohort (2.3%) compared with thoracic endovascular aortic repair (4.7%). After adjustment, frailty was associated with higher in-hospital mortality (endovascular aneurysm repair odds ratio 4.0; thoracic endovascular aortic repair odds ratio 2.5), nonhome discharge rates (endovascular aneurysm repair odds ratio 7.2; thoracic endovascular aortic repair odds ratio 4.2), and predicted costs (endovascular aneurysm repair s coefficient +$10.6K; thoracic endovascular aortic repair s coefficient +$38.2K) for both cohorts. Conclusion Given that frailty portends inferior outcomes for both endovascular aneurysm repair and thoracic endovascular aortic repair, its inclusion in existing risk models may better inform shared decision-making.
Constructing synthetic materials with superconducting quantum circuits

Christie Chiu explains how superconducting quantum circuits can be used to simulate materials with and without real-life counterparts.
Big data and data mining for wearable-based mobility analysis

Abstract Rich sensor-enabled wearable devices have permeated our daily lives. A rich modality of sensing is location and time, which provide deep insights into the patterns of life at individual and societal scale. Coupled with the rise of on-demand compute in the form of cloud, mining and extracting insights from such “spatiotemporal” data for healthcare and other applications is gaining prominence. This chapter focuses on the challenges of mining and deriving actionable insights from societal scale trajectory data with applications of artificial intelligence to real-world problems.
Mothers' Parenting Stress in Chinese Immigrant Families: The Role of Fathers' Involvement and Social Support

This study investigated the association between Chinese immigrant mothers' reports of parenting stress and two sources of parenting support: fathers' support and social support. Five independent-samples t-tests were first computed to examine whether there were discrepancies between Chinese immigrant mothers' and fathers' perceptions of fathers' involvement across five domains of fathers' involvement in early child care: (1) fathers' warmth and attunement; (2) control and process responsibility; (3) emotional involvement; (4) indirect care; and (5) positive engagement. Then regression analyses were conducted to understand how and to what extent the five domains of father involvement reported by mothers and mothers' perceived social support influenced Chinese immigrant mothers' parenting stress. In addition, an indirect effects of mothers' self-efficacy on the relation between fathers' involvement and mothers' parenting stress was also tested. The results showed that Chinese mothers reported significantly greater level of fathers' emotional involvement than the same type of involvement reported by Chinese immigrant fathers. This study also found that fathers' emotional involvement reported by Chinese immigrant mothers was a significant predictor of Chinese immigrant mothers' parenting stress. However, mothers' perceived social support was a stronger predictor, accounting for more variance in their parenting stress than their reports of fathers' involvement across all the five dimensions. Mothers' self-efficacy did not account for the association between Chinese immigrant mothers' reports of fathers' involvement across five dimensions and mothers' parenting stress.
The Role of Nucleophiles and Electrophiles in Coupling Reactions of Alkylidyne Ligands

Alkylidyne ligands undergo coupling with several types of terminal π bonded ligands, such as carbonyl, isocyanide, and alkylidyne ligands, under a variety of conditions. The different coupling mechanisms may be rationalized by a simple qualitative molecular orbital model. In our own work we investigated examples of nucleophile-induced alkylidyne-carbonyl coupling, light-induced alkylidyne-carbonyl coupling, assisted by nucleophiles as well as by electrophiles, proton-induced alkylidyne-isocyanide coupling, and the formal coupling of two alkylidyne ligands.
Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice

Part I: Mollecular and Cellular Basis of Hematology. Anatomy and Physiology of the Gene. Protein Synthesis and Intracellular Sorting. Protein Architecture: Relationship of Form and Function. Membrane Biology. Cell Adhesion. Cellular Regulatory and Control Mechanism. Part II: Immunologic Basis of Hematology. Overview of the Immune System (including Compartmentalization of the Immune Response). Generation of B-cells. T-cell Immunity. Regulation of Activation of B and T-cells. Tolerance and Autoimmunity. Part III: Biology of Stem Cells and Disorders of Hematopoiesis. Stem Cell Model of Hematopoiesis. Anatomy and Physiology of Hematopoiesis. Growth Factors and the Control of Hematopoiesis. Biology of Erythropoiesis, Erythroid Differentiation and Maturation. Granulopoiesis and Monocytopoiesis. Thrombocytopoiesis. Inherited Forms of Bone Marrow Failure. Aplastic Anemia. Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria. Pure Red Blood Cell Aplasia. Part IV: Red Blood Cells. Pathobiology of the Red Cell. Approach to the Adult and Child with Anemia. Anemia of Chronic Diseases. Erythrocytosis. Disorders of Iron Metabolism: Iron Deficiency and Overload. Heme Biosynthesis and Its Disorders: Porphyrias and Sideroblastic Anemias. Megaloblastic Anemias. Thalassemia Syndromes. Sickle Cell Disease. Hemoglobin Variants Associated with Hemolytic Anemia, Altered Oxygen Affinity, and Methemoglobinemias. Enzymopathies. Red Cell Membrane Disorders. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias. Extrinsic Nonimmune Hemolytic Anemias. Part V: Host Defense and Its Disorders. Immunoglobulins: Structure, Function, and Uses. Complement Biology. Neutrophil Structure and Function. Monocyte and Macrophage Development and Function. Eosinophils and the Hypereosinophilic Syndrome. Disorders of the Phagocyte Function. Disorders of the Lymphocyte Function. Histiocytic Syndromes. Lysosomal Storage Disease. Infectious Mononucleosis and Other Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Diseases. Spleen and Its Disorders. Systemic Mastocytosis. Part VI: Hemat
Predicting disease transmission from geo-tagged micro-blog data

Researchers have begun to mine social network data in order to predict a variety of social, economic, and health related phenomena. While previous work has focused on predicting aggregate properties, such as the prevalence of seasonal influenza in a given country, we consider the task of fine-grained prediction of the health of specific people from noisy and incomplete data. We construct a probabilistic model that can predict if and when an individual will fall ill with high precision and good recall on the basis of his social ties and co-locations with other people, as revealed by their Twitter posts. Our model is highly scalable and can be used to predict general dynamic properties of individuals in large realworld social networks. These results provide a foundation for research on fundamental questions of public health, including the identification of non-cooperative disease carriers ("Typhoid Marys"), adaptive vaccination policies, and our understanding of the emergence of global epidemics from day-today interpersonal interactions.
Propagation effects and system performance considerations for satellite communications above 10 GHz

Space communications systems operating in the bands above 10 GHz (e.g. 12 to 44 GHz) are considered. An overview of the major propagation problems associated with satellite communications is presented, and the impact of these factors on the design and performance of satellite systems is described. Gaseous attenuation, attenuation by rain, clouds, fog, snow, and ice, depolarization, radio noise, angle-of-arrival variations, bandwidth decoherence, and antenna gain degradation are discussed. >
The effects of deprivation of cigarette smoking on psychomotor performance

Increased restrictive action has been taken to limit tobacco smoking in a variety of public and occupational settings without regard to the behavioural effects of these actions on smokers. Two studies were undertaken; one examining the performance of 16 college female cigarette smokers under conditions of smoking or deprivation, and the second study investigating 16 males from the same population. Performance scores, taken from an instrumented complex psychomotor device, were adjusted for ability as determined from a training period on the device and then compared between smoking conditions. In both studies, deprived smokers performed significantly less well on the pursuit tracking task while reaction time, vigilance and mental arithmetic tasks were not affected. Results are discussed in terms of the negative effects on performance and the possible implications for work situations.
Effects of acoustical stimulation and deprivation on song development in red-winged blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus)

Abstract Isolated male red-winged blackbirds develop abnormal songs. Some normal components are delivered with abnormal order and timing. Two males deafened at about 10 days of age develop highly abnormal songs, although they retain more structure than other early-deafened songbirds. In masking noise from 8 to 330 days, one individual sings like a deaf bird. With reduced periods of masking singing is more like that of intact birds. Playback of normal song results in imitation. Individual isolates are unselective in learning both conspecific and Baltimore oriole song. Grouped males are more selective. New songs are added in the second year. Improvisation is important in redwing song development under these conditions but its role in the wild remains uncertain.
Dynamical exchange-correlation potentials for the electron liquid in the spin channel

The components of the exchange-correlation kernel tensor of an isotropic electron liquid in the spin channel have the structure ${f}_{\mathrm{xc},\ensuremath{-}}^{L,T}(q,\ensuremath{\omega})\stackrel{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{q}0}{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}A(\ensuremath{\omega}{)/q}^{2}{+B}^{L,T}(\ensuremath{\omega}),$ where L denotes the longitudinal component and T the transverse component relative to the direction of the wave vector $\mathbf{q}.$ In this paper we calculate analytically the high- and low-frequency limits of $A(\ensuremath{\omega})$ and ${B}^{L,T}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ and combine these limiting forms with the Kramers-Kr\"onig dispersion relations to obtain approximations for $A(\ensuremath{\omega})$ and ${B}^{L,T}(\ensuremath{\omega})$ at all frequencies.
Diurnal rhythms of behavioral effects on core temperature

Abstract The effect of spontaneous feeding, drinking, running, general activity, and inactivity on peritoneal temperature in rats is reported for eight 3-hr periods during the diurnal cycle. Heat generating behaviors were found to produce a greater increase in core temperature during the night than during the day, while inactivity was found to produce a greater reduction in core temperature during the night than during the day. These results suggest that the diurnal variation in core temperature results from the combined effects of diurnal rhythms of activity and of the thermoregulatory upper limit. These findings demonstrate that, not only do behavioral and physiological variables have diurnal rhythms, but their interaction is also cyclic.
Reader Response to “Questionable Blood Draws”

I wish to reply to the recent “Letter to the Editor” appearing in the September 2009 issue of LABMEDICINE (page 565, Vol. 40, No. 9). The contributor, Susan Hutcheson Tangye, MT(ASCP), describes challenging a nurse colleague when she withdrew blood clots from a tube containing a venipuncture sample which the nurse was to submit for a CBC and Chem 8. I want to underscore the importance of …
Health Care Chaplaincy as a Research-Informed Profession: How We Get There

Health care chaplaincy should become a research-informed profession in the next ten years. This article describes my rationale for this statement and outlines a plan for accomplishing it. This means that all professional health care chaplains will value the contributions that research can make to their ministry and some chaplains will be engaged in research that informs the profession. Becoming a research-informed profession does not mean losing our emphasis on compassion, faith, presence, self-awareness, or any of the other rich resources of our tradition. It does mean supplementing those resources with the information research provides. I conclude that the question that professional health care chaplains face is not whether to become a research-informed profession, but how to get there.
What managers can learn from artists

Managers speak of their profession as both an art and a science. Yet, management literature has increasingly emphasized science and noticeably neglected art. Part of the reason could be the impressive track record of science. It has not only taken us to the moon, built artificial organs for our bodies, and brought the world into our living rooms in living color but has also automated factories, computerized planning and decision making, and constructed alternate futures for our examination. The power of science is visible, direct, and increasingly dominant in our society. The art of management is more difficult to define and observe. If pressed for a definition, most managers would probably describe it as the intuitive elements that influence their decision making and relations with others. Since art is personal and intuitive, it cannot provide a generalized road map for understanding management. This is not the only way to view the subject, however. An "alternative is to acknowledge that art is more than intuition. Art, at least in part, is a learnable craft that artists have practiced for centuries. Since prehistoric man first drew figures and scribbled symbols on the walls of his caves, art has served an important function in all societies. It is an expression of our feelings, emotions, spirituality, and a release for our fears, anxieties, and tensions, k provides an opportuni ty to stretch our spirits beyond our bodies and the physical confines of our universe. Thus, art stimulates and gives pleasure. This has important implications for the manager because stimulation and satisfaction are key elements in healthy productive individuals and organizations.
A Parametric Training Algorithm For Image Understanding Systems

This paper describes a new parametric training algorithm for image understanding and computer vision systems. It is developed within the context of human color perception and a color order system. Eventual goal of the research is to obtain a mathematical evaluation criterion to guide the operation of an unsupervised pattern recognition technique for detecting the image clusters or modes in the measurement or color space. For this purpose, the peak modality is selected as the mathematical evaluation criterion. Area, mode dispersion, approximated curvature, and steepness are some of the measured quantities for modality test. Although this systematic procedure is developed primarily for the gray level and color images of natural scenes, it can also be applied to the multispectral images effectively. The proposed method is a computational one and is more suitable for array or parallel processors.
SKF 38393: vacillatory behavior in immature rats

SKF 38393 was administered to postnatal rat pups on day 15 and day 30. Behaviors measured on day 15 revealed that SKF 38393-treated groups displayed significant deficits, in comparison to controls, in spontaneous alternation and decision-making: less alternation and more vacillatory behavior at every dosage tested. On day 30, all SKF 38393-related behaviors disappeared.
Bartolomé de las Casas and the African Slave Trade

A revisionist view of Bartolome de las Casas as the ‘author’ of the introduction of African slaves to the Indies/Americas in the early 16th century. The article details Las Casas’ thinking and actions and concludes that while Las Casas did—among other contemporaries—suggest the importation of African slaves to lift the burden of oppression off the Amerindians, his perspective and view was altered radically in the last third of his life. The article explores the meaning of African slavery in the context of the place and time where Las Casas grew up—Andalucia in southern Spain—where slavery was quite different from the way it developed on the plantations of the Americas. And the article relates how Las Casas’ theoretical and practical defense of Amerindians eventually was extended by Las Casas’ into a defense of liberty for all men, including African slaves.
EasySnap: real-time audio feedback for blind photography

This demonstration presents EasySnap, an application that enables blind and low-vision users to take high-quality photos by providing real-time audio feedback as they point their existing camera phones. Users can readily follow the audio instructions to adjust their framing, zoom level and subject lighting appropriately. Real-time feedback is achieved on current hardware using computer vision in conjunction with use patterns drawn from current blind photographers.
Selective Zone Search Method for Evaluation of Minimum Zone Sphericity

Accuracy, robustness and speed are essential components of every precision engineering procedure. With the availability of high speed inspection machines and the ability to generate large datasets with minimal effort and time, the evaluation algorithm becomes a critical component of the inspection time. This paper presents a new approach for evaluation of minimum zone sphericity tolerance using a selective zone search method. The method uses geometric constructs to identify the five extreme points required to generate the two minimum zone spheres. Four different models have been developed to investigate all possible combinations for the tolerance evaluation, viz. 4-1, 3-2, 2-3 and 1-4 models. The robustness of the algorithm has been tested using various simulated and reported datasets and the results have been found to be comparable to existing methods. The presented algorithm has also shown considerable savings in time compared to a nonlinear optimization formulation for minimum zone sphericity evaluation.© 2009 ASME
Immunization of rabbits against a bacterial pathogen with an alginate microparticle vaccine.

Pasteurella multocida is an important bacterial pathogen of domestic rabbits. To evaluate the ability of a thiocyanate extract (PTE) of P. multocida to stimulate an immune response and protect against infection with P. multocida, rabbits were immunized subcutaneously or intranasally on Days 7, 21 and 35. Cholera toxin, a potent mucosal adjuvant, was included in one treatment group. Rabbits immunized subcutaneously (SC) or intranasally (IN) had significant increases in serum anti-PTE IgG but not IgA. In contrast, only rabbits immunized IN with PTE developed significant titers of nasal lavage anti-PTE IgA and cholera toxin significantly enhanced this response. In a second study rabbits were immunized via the drinking water with PTE incorporated into alginate microparticles on Days 7, 14 and 21. Mild increases in serum IgG were noted in rabbits immunized with PTE in microparticles, with or without cholera toxin, and this increase was significant (P≤0.05) on Day 21 for rabbits receiving PTE and cholera toxin. Nasal lavage anti-PTE IgA was significantly (P≤0.05) increased in rabbits immunized orally with PTE, with or without cholera toxin, in microparticles. This effect was not enhanced by cholera toxin. Rabbits orally immunized with PTE in microparticles had significantly fewer colony forming units of homologous P. multocida recovered from the lungs and nasopharynx following an intranasal challenge. These results demonstrate that PTE incorporated into alginate microparticles and administered orally is immunogenic and confers protective immunity.
Conformational changes in ribosomal subunits following dissociation of the Escherichia coli 70 S ribosome

Abstract The reactivity of various Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins with N -ethylmaleimide has been used as a probe for ribosomal topography changes during the subunit-70 S transition. With the 70 S ribosome there are several proteins from both subunits which do not react with N -ethylmaleimide, but which do so after dissociation of the 70 S particle to free 30 S and 50 S subunits. The kinetics of their exposure is slow relative to that of the 70 S dissociation reaction suggesting conformational changes in both subunits subsequent to 70 S particle dissociation.
LIGHT PRODUCTION BY GREEN PLANTS

1. Green plants have been found to emit light of approximately the same color as their fluorescent light for several minutes following illumination. This light is about 10–3 the intensity of the fluorescent light, about one-tenth second after illumination below saturation or 10–6 of the intensity of the absorbed light. 2. The decay curve follows bimolecular kinetics at 6.5°C. and reaction order 1.6 at 28°C. 3. This light saturates as does photosynthesis at higher light intensities and in about the same intensity range as does photosynthesis. 4. An action spectrum for light emitted as a function of the wave length of exciting light has been determined. It parallels closely the photosynthetic action spectrum. 5. The intensity of light emission was studied as a function of temperature and found to be optimal at about 37°C. with an activation energy of approximately 19,500 calories. Two-temperature studies indicated that the energy may be trapped in the cold, but that temperatures characteristic for enzymatic reactions are necessary for light production. 6. Illumination after varying dark periods showed initial peaks of varying height depending on the preceding dark period. 7. 5 per cent CO2 reversibly depresses the amount of light emitted by about 30 per cent. About 3 minutes are required for this effect to reach completion at room temperatures. 8. Various inhibitors of photosynthesis were tested for their effect on luminescence and were all inhibitory at appropriate concentrations. 9. Irradiation with ultraviolet light (2537A) inhibits light production at about the same rate as it inhibits photosynthesis. 10. This evidence suggests that early and perhaps later chemical reactions in photosynthesis may be partially reversible.
A multiple model discrimination procedure

The case of selecting between a set of fixed models is considered. The true model is assumed to be contained in the set of proposed models and errors are taken to be normally distributed. A sequential procedure which yeilds probabilities of incorrect selections is proposed. The procedure is shown to have optimal properties and is extended to the estimated model case by a bootstrap procedure.
In situ chemisorption of radiocesium from seawater

A novel approach to in situ extraction of Cs radionuclides from seawater is described which offers many advantages over previous methods. Cesium (stable and radioactive) is partially stripped from seawater as it passes in series through a tandem cartridge consisting of twin beds of ion exchange resin impregnated with cupric ferrocyanide. It is demonstrated that, when seawater passes through this cartridge at a constant flow-rate, collection efficiencies of each bed are the same, allowing the calculation of the seawater Cs nuclide concentration. The cartridge is made of inexpensive, readily available, PVC pipe fittings and is easily deployed under various field conditions. Procedures are described for resin preparation and desorption and radiochemical purification of the collected Cs. Thousands of liters of seawater can be stripped of Cs in this way, permitting substantial improvement in the sensitivity of measurement of 134Cs and 137Cs.
The inheritance of petiole characteristics in Pak-Choi

Abstract Studies were conducted on Pak-Choi ( Brassica rapa L., Chinensis group) to determine the inheritance of petiole width, thickness and angle of adaxial curvature. Petiole width appeared to be controlled by a small number of genes, with narrow petioles partially dominant over wide petioles. Dominance gene effects appeared to be most important, although additive gene effects, as well as additive × additive and dominance × dominance epistatic effects, were also significant. Petiole thickness also appeared to be controlled by a small number of genes, with thick petioles partially dominant over thin. Dominance gene effects were most important, although additive gene effects were also significant. Adaxial curvature also appeared to be controlled by relatively few genes, with curved petioles partially dominant over flat petioles. Both dominance and additive gene effects were involved in the expression of this trait. In addition, significant additive × additive, additive × dominance and dominance × dominance epistatic gene effects were present.
Farm-Level Production Effects from Participation in Government Commodity Programs: Did the 1996 Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform Act Make a Difference?

In theory, lump-sum transfers are a way to redistribute wealth without distorting production decisions. Recent agricultural policy reforms are an unusual large-scale application of this concept. The 1996 Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act removed most price-contingent agricultural subsidies and replaced them with Production Flexibility Contracts—lump-sum payments with few ties to farmers’ production decisions. The payments were envisioned as way to maintain income transfers to agricultural interests while minimizing production distortions. The United States has argued that these “decoupled” agricultural payments are minimally trade distorting (USDA-ERS). There is a great deal of uncertainty about how the system of agricultural payments established under the 1996 reforms affects production. Some, including representatives from developing nations with domestic agricultural sectors that compete with the United States, contend that decoupled payments significantly affect agricultural production and trade. Two general arguments underpin this assertion. First, decoupled payments are not really lump sum—that is, despite the reforms, important links to production remain. For example, there are restrictions in the FAIR Act that preclude new vegetable plantings or the conversion of land to nonagricultural uses. Second, the perfect market assumptions underpinning the
A Comparison of Programming Languages for Software Engineering.

Abstract : Four programming languages (Fortran, Cobol, Jovial, and the proposed DOD standard -- variously called 'DOD-1, 'Strawman', 'Woodman', 'Tinman', and 'Ironman') are compared in the light of modern ideas of good software engineering practice. The comparison begins by identifying a core for each language that captures the essential properties of the intent of the language designers. These core languages then serve as a basis for the discussion of the language philosophies and the impact of the language on gross program organization and on the use of individual statements.
Further Validation of the Arizona Heart Institute Cardiovascular Risk Factor Questionnaire

The Arizona Heart Institute Cardiovascular Risk Factor Questionnaire was validated with respect to dual criteria of electrocardiogram and treadmill examinations. The differential diagnostic properties of both criterion methods were discussed together with relative contributions from each of the predictor variables. The reported findings are relevant for efforts of the preventive medicine to lower the frequency of occurrence of heart disease.
Successful Treatment of Wegener's Granulomatosis During Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Medical Literature

During the 18th week of a first pregnancy, a 20-year-old woman visits her physician complaining of cough, sore throat, and hemoptysis of 4 days in duration. A chest radiograph, laboratory study findings including a cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody titer, and lung biopsy results were consistent with a limited form of Wegener's granulomatosis. She was treated successfully with prednisone and cyclophosphamide. The remainder of her pregnancy was otherwise uneventful and resulted in a normal labor and delivery of a healthy male infant.
Effect of double-soak sintering on magnetic properties of MgxMnyAlzFe3−(x+y+z)O4 ferrites

A study was made to determine the effects of a double-soak sintering process on the saturation magnetization, Curie temperature and hysteresis properties of an Al-substituted MgMn-microwave ferrite. This process decreases saturation magnetization and magnetic induction, while increasing the loop squareness and the Curie temperature. The double-soak sintering process improves the properties of the ferrite for application in a low-microwave-frequency band (i.e. S-band) latching phase shifter. This improvement could not be achieved by increasing the Al3+ content, as this tends to reduce the Curie temperature, and thus decreases the thermal stability. The double-soak sintering process, however, enables a composition to be used which initially has a slightly higher saturation magnetization than the desired value.
Finite element approach to modeling particulate bed fixtures

Abstract This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing the finite element method in modeling the static behavior of particulate bed fixtures. The bed fixture consists of a container filled with steel pellets of known properties that are modeled by the Drucker-Prager nonlinear plastic model that represents granular material behavior. The interfacing of the submerged workpiece with the bed material is modeled using three-dimensional gap elements. The resulting model was verified against the soil mechanics and earth pressure theories. The results of the static behavior agree in principle with those obtained previously by other researchers who used different types of modeling techniques. Experimental results of displacement due to lateral loading were obtained and compared with numerical model results. The finite element model seems to be a promising new tool for investigating the characteristics of the particulate bed fixture under static loads.
Influence of body forces on turbulent transport near a surface

By examining the asymptotic approach of turbulent flow to a surface, using a simplified second-order closure model of turbulent transport, the ‘law of the wall’ region is extended to include the influence of body forces in an equilibrium layer. The limit of large Reynolds number is considered so the flow is only a function of surface shear stress, surface roughness, and the nature of the body force. After development of the general formulation, application to two particular flows, a rotating flow adjacent to a stationary surface and the neutral planetary boundary layer, provide examples where the region of validity is an order of magnitude larger than the usual logarithmic wall layer.
Normal versus supranormal oxygen delivery goals in shock resuscitation: the response is the same.

Background: Shock resuscitation is integral to early management of severely injured patients. Our standardized shock resuscitation protocol, developed in 1997 and implemented as a computerized intensive care unit (ICU) bedside decision support tool in 2000, used oxygen delivery index (Do 2 I) ≥ 600 mL/min/m 2 as the intervention endpoint. In a recent publication, Shoemaker et al. refuted positive outcome effect of early supranormal Do 2 (i.e., Do 2 I ≥ 600) resuscitation. In response to and because of ongoing concern for excessive volume loading, we decreased our Do 2 I endpoint from 600 to 500. Our hypothesis was that by decreasing the Do 2 I endpoint, less crystalloid would be administered. We compare resuscitation responses to the protocol with goals of Do 2 I ≥ 600 versus 500 in two patient cohorts. Methods: A standardized protocol was used to direct bedside decisions for resuscitation of patients with major injury (Injury Severity Score > 15), blood loss (≥ 6 units of packed red blood cells), metabolic stress (base deficit ≥ 6 mEq/L), and no severe brain injury. The protocol logic is to attain and maintain Do 2 I ≥ a specified goal for the first 24 ICU hours using primarily blood and volume loading. Two cohorts were compared: Do 2 I ≥ 500 (18 patients admitted February-August 2001) versus Do 2 I ≥ 600 (18 patients admitted during 2000 age and gender matched with the Do 2 I ≥ 500 group). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, X 2 , and t tests (p < 0.05). Results: Both groups had similar demographics (age 30 ± 3 years; 78% men; Injury Severity Score 27 ± 3), hemodynamics, and severity of shock at start of resuscitation in the ICU. Resuscitation response was Do 2 I increase to ≥ 600 for both cohorts within ∼12 hours. Throughout the 24-hour ICU process, the Do 2 I ≥ 500 cohort received less lactated Ringer's volume than the Do 2 I ≥ 600 cohort (total of 8 ± 1 vs. 12 ± 2 L; p < 0.05) and tended to receive less blood transfusion (total of 3 ± 1 vs. 5 ± 1 units of packed red blood cells). Conclusion: Shock resuscitation using Do 2 I ≥ 500 was indistinguishable from Do 2 I ≥ 600 mL/min/m 2 . Less volume loading was required to attain and maintain Do 2 I ≥ 500 than 600 using computerized protocol technology to standardize resuscitation during the first 24 ICU hours.
Stokes-Algebra Formalism

A unified treatment of the algebra of Stokes parameters and the coherency matrix is presented. Explicit formulas are given which relate the Jones and Mueller matrix formulations to the coherency matrix, and to themselves. The general method involves the trace of products of matrices, and the algebra is both useful and capable of generalization.
Personality correlates of life values

Abstract The present study sought to determine whether significant relationships exist between life value preferences and personality traits and to describe the nature of any relationships identified. Administered to 310 undergraduate and graduate students were the 16 PF personality inventory and a 55-item Life Values Inventory which assessed values governing life styles and orientations. A factor analysis of the Life Values Inventory resulted in the identification of 14 life values dimensions. Factor scores for these 14 dimensions were then employed in a canonical analysis and a factor analysis with the 16 PF scores. The canonical analysis yielded results significant at the .001 level. The factor analysis yielded 10 factors, many of which displayed shared common-factor variance between Life Values and 16 PF variables. The interpretation of that shared variance identified several personality correlates of life values that suggested causal and developmental interactions of some value in describing and explaining human behavior.