cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Schrödinger-equation-based quantum corrections addressing degeneracy-breaking and confinement-enhanced scattering

We review extensions of Schrodinger-equation-based quantum corrections that have been implemented within the semiclassical Monte Carlo simulator Monte Carlo of The University of Texas (MCUT) to address quantum-confinement-induced redistribution of carriers in momentum as well as real space, and confinement-enhanced scattering in n-channel MOSFETs. The significance of these quantum confinement effects and of these corrections has been illustrated via calculation of channel mobility and short-channel MOSFET drive currents for strained and unstrained devices.
Slow Instabilities in Tropical Ocean Basin–Global Atmosphere Models

Abstract The effect of ocean boundaries on instability in coupled ocean-natmosphere models is determined. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors are calculated for coupled systems featuring an ocean basin bounded zonally by a flat continent. The atmosphere is periodic zonally about the globe. The oceanic and atmospheric dynamics are both represented by linear shallow water equations on the equatorial β-plane. The calculation involves latitudinal series expansion and longitudinal finite differencing. Certain of the modes (i.e., eigenvectors) have amplitudes that grow with time, the growth being a direct result of the ocean-atmosphere coupling. Comparison is made to modes previously determined for the theoretically simpler case where the ocean is zonally unbounded. Growing modes in the bounded ocean case correspond in aspects of behavior and structure to particular modes of appropriate wavelength in the unbounded ocean basin. The basic mechanism of instability is the same in both cases. Growing modes in the bounded o...
V-conical antenna

A new angular antenna called the V-conical antenna was investigated. The characteristics of the antenna are frequency-independent, and the electromagnetic fields are pure spherical waves (transverse electromagnetic mode) even in the near region. The theoretical analysis makes use of conformal mapping. Closed-form solutions for the fields, currents, and characteristic parameters are obtained. The formulas are simple and precise. An experimental study of the antenna was conducted under pulse excitation. The shape of the measured electric-field pulses is the same as that of the source pulse from a picosecond pulse generator. The measured field patterns are very close to those predicted by the theory. Such a structure with a tapered resistive termination is an ideal directional pulse antenna or electromagnetic pulse simulator. >
Rhetoric and knowing: The search for perspective

Attempts to describe the possible relationship of rhetoric to knowing inevitably lead to conceptual distinctions. This essay argues that distinctions which relegate rhetoric to social, or explicit, or contingent knowledge incorrectly restrict our view of the rhetoric‐epistemic relationship. An alternative perspective which avoids such distinctions is suggested.
An unusual case of cyanotic heart disease in a patient with patent foramen ovale and right ventricular hypertrophy

An unusual case of cyanosis and patent foramen ovale/atrial septal defect with right-sided septal hypertrophy is presented. Mild right ventricular dysfunction led to predominant right-to-left shunting. The atrial defect was surgically closed. The patient is from a family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; she is negative for the gene abnormality.
Odor Passive Avoidance Learning in IndividualDrosophila melanogaster:Parametric Investigations of Unconditioned Stimulus Intensity and Inter-Trial-Interval ☆ ☆☆

Abstract Two studies investigated associative odor passive avoidance conditioning in individual Drosophila melanogaster. The purpose of these studies was to investigate whether variables which are known to influence associative learning in mammals would have the expected effect in the Benzer odor passive avoidance learning paradigm in D. melanogaster. The variables investigated were: 1) the Intensity of the Unconditional Stimulus (US), and 2) the Inter-Trial-Interval (ITI). The results of these studies demonstrated that the strength of an odor avoidance conditioned with electric shock as the reinforcer was a function of: 1) the intensity of the US (0, 10, 20, 40, or 80 VAC) with increasing intensities resulting in progressively increasing avoidance and 2) the length of the ITI (0, 15, 30, or 90 s), with increasing intervals resulting in greater learning, whether assessed in acquisition or extinction. The overall findings of these studies are consistent with the literature on the impact of these variables on mammalian associative learning in general and avoidance learning in particular.
Reduced olfactory discrimination in patients on chronic hemodialysis.

Abstract Eleven patients on maintenance hemodialysis, aged 19–31, and 16 healthy controls, aged 19–25, rated the similarity in odor for all 91 combinations of pairs of 14 commercial food flavors. A multidimensional scaling procedure, INDSCAL, was applied to the similarity measurements, yielding a common two-dimensional space in which flavors rated similar in odor were arranged close to one another in the space; flavors judged dissimilar were located distant from one another. INDSCAL is an individual difference model which provides weights for each subject on each of the dimensions of the common multidimensional space. The weights as well as the arrangements of flavors in multidimensional spaces for individual subjects indicated that the renal patients had sharply reduced ability to judge qualitative odor differences between food flavors. Hedonic ratings were obtained for all subjects on the 14 flavors as well. The direction of preference was similar for both renal patients and controls, with the odor of fruits preferred over meats. However, the median hedonic ratings for the two groups, renals and controls, revealed that renal patients rated thirteen of the fourteen odors more unpleasant than the controls.
Electrolyte ion correlation times at protein binding sites

NMR longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates of spin23 nuclei provide direct measurements of nanosecond correlation times for electrolyte ion interactions with macromolecule binding sites. Results of 35Cl and 23Na measurements are presented for solutions of lysozyme, hemoglobin, and human serum albumin. The pH dependence of chloride and perchlorate ion relaxation rates in serum albumin solutions indicates that the correlation time decreases as the macromolecule surface becomes more negatively charged. NMR relaxation data for 23Na+ in serum albumin solutions demonstrate that shorter correlation times become accessible with increasing resonance frequency.
Cloning and expression of the heterodimeric deoxyguanosine kinase/deoxyadenosine kinase of Lactobacillus acidophilus R-26.

Two uniquely paired deoxynucleoside kinases, deoxycytidine kinase/deoxyadenosine kinase (dCK/dAK) and deoxyguanosine kinase/deoxyadenosine kinase (dGK/dAK) are required, together with thymidine kinase (TK), for deoxynucleotide synthesis in Lactobacillus acidophilus R-26. Using polymerase chain reaction-generated probes based on N-terminal amino acid sequences, we have cloned tandem genes for 25- and 26-kDa polypeptides, whose derived amino acid sequences and size correspond to wild-type Lactobacillus enzyme subunits. Expression in Escherichia coli uses a single endogenous promoter and yields active dGK/dAK ( ~3% of extracted protein) closely resembling wild-type dGK/dAK in specificity, kinetics, heterotropic activation, and end product inhibition. Alignment of cloned genes reveals 65% identity in their DNA sequences and 61% identity in derived amino acid sequences. Comparison with herpesviral TKs reveals three conserved regions: glycine- and arginine-rich ATP-binding motifs and a D/E-R-S/H motif at the putative TK deoxynucleoside site. Greater homology, however, is seen upon multiple alignment of dGK with mammalian deoxycytidine kinases, yielding the consensus sequence -D/E-R-S-I/V-Y-x-D-. dGK also shares a sequence (-Y-D-P-T-I/L-E-D-S/Y-Y-) required for GTP hydrolysis by p21ras.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with chronic pain after major thoracotomy

Objectives: The characteristics and etiology of long-term pain after major thoracotomy and methods for its prevention have yet to be established. Methods: One hundred and twenty patients who had completed the hospital-based portion of a prior study to evaluate the efficacy of intraoperative epidural use during major thoracotomy, all of whom had received patient-controlled thoracic epidural analgesia until at least thoracostomy tube removal, and who were followed for 48 weeks after surgery provided data for this study. Results: Although preoperative pain was associated with elevated pain levels during hospitalization and the first few months after discharge, there was no association with pain 48 weeks after surgery. Furthermore, pain during the first few postoperative days, although associated with pain during the first few postoperative months, was not associated with pain 48 weeks after surgery. However, for patients who reported pain 48 weeks after surgery, pain levels were elevated late in hospitalization after epidural catheter removal and pain after discharge did not decrease over time. During hospitalization, patients who would eventually report pain 48 weeks after surgery experienced a greater impact of pain and reported that analgesic therapy was less effective. Discussion: Postoperative pain that persists but eventually dissipates was a common finding whose intensity was associated with immediate preoperative and postoperative pain levels. In contrast, pain later on during hospitalization, its impact, and perceived analgesic effectiveness best identified those who would continue to report pain almost 1 year after surgery.
Coherent single photon transport in a one-dimensional waveguide coupled with superconducting quantum bits.

A recent theoretical analysis [A. Blais et al., Phys. Rev. A 69, 062320 (2004)] and experimental results [A. Wallraff et al., Nature (London) 431, 162 (2004)] show that interesting transport properties of a single microwave photon emerge when a quantum bit in a cavity is coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide. Here we adopt a real-space model Hamiltonian to give a unified approach which accounts for the experimental results, and make new predictions on the properties of single photon transport, such as the general Fano line shape, symmetric vacuum Rabi splitting for a leaky cavity at resonance, and a one-photon switching capability.
Reproductive behavior of addax antelope

Abstract Mating behavior, parturition and mother-offspring relations of addax ( Addax nasomaculatus ), an antelope native to the deserts of North Africa, were studied in captivity at two Texas ranches and the Oklahoma City Zoo between July 1977 and August 1978. Ad libitum and focal animal sampling techniques on 7 adult males, 37 adult females (of which 7 were in labor) and 27 individuals under 1 year of age formed the basis of this study. Addax courtship behavior was similar to that of other Hippotraginae; the major components included mating whirl-around, "Laufschlag" and flehmen. Estrus lasted approximately 24–48 h. Copulation was almost exclusively by alpha males. Pregnant females attempted to isolate from conspecifics prior to parturition. However, alpha males in captivity maintained a close spatial association with such females and exhibited courtship behavior toward them. Females were restless during labor, characterized by alternating bouts of lying and standing. Lying postures during labor were similar to resting postures. Mothers removed and consumed the amniotic sac and placenta. During the first 3 days post-partum, alpha males were overtly aggressive toward neonates under captive conditions. Addax calves showed the prone response and lying-out behavior lasting until 11–14 days and 6–9 weeks post-partum, respectively. Calves formed creche or kindergarten groups. Calves suckled while standing until 15 weeks of age, after which they suckled on their carpal joints. Weaning occurred between 23 and 29 weeks post-partum.
Shokotsu River ice jam formation

A spring ice jam occurred in the Shokotsu River in March 1995. This has been the only known ice jam in this river since 1955. This paper discusses the ice jam processes and investigates the causes of the Shokotsu River ice jam by analyzing the available hydrometeorological data as well as hydraulic and geometric characteristics of the river. This analysis showed that this breakup event was triggered by a sudden increase in basin runoff produced by the rainfall during a warm spell. Snowmelt resulting from warm air temperature alone would not be sufficient to produce the discharge increase for the breakup. The jam was initiated at a section with rapid reductions in channel slope, flow velocity, as well as the top width as the ice run approached from upstream. Numerical simulation carried out to analyze the ice jam dynamics showed that the model is capable of reproducing the jam event and supplemented the limited information obtained from the field observation.
Photothermal heterogeneous oxidation of ethanol over Pt/TiO2

Photothermal catalytic oxidation of ethanol over TiO{sub 2} and Pt/TiO{sub 2} has been investigated. Platinum was deposited on the titania using both photoreduction and adsorption of the PtCl{sub 6}{sup 2{minus}} anion. The nominal weight loadings of Pt were less than 1 wt%. Thermal contributions to ethanol oxidation over Pt could be distinguished from photo-contributions to ethanol oxidation over TiO{sub 2} by comparing illuminated and dark reactions under the same conditions. A significant photothermal synergistic effect was seen for Pt/TiO{sub 2} catalysts. The activity for complete oxidation to CO{sub 2} is much greater than the contribution from photo-oxidation over TiO{sub 2} plus thermal oxidation over Pt. Experiments were conducted to investigate the mechanistic nature of the synergistic effect. The synergistic effect was found to be sensitive to preparation conditions, with photoreduced catalysts having higher activities compared to thermally reduced catalysts prepared by adsorption of the PtCl{sub 6}{sup 2{minus}} anion. The differences between the photo and thermally reduced Pt/TiO{sub 2} are attributed to differing extents of etching of the TiO{sub 2} surface by the acidic solution of chloroplatinic acid. An experiment with layered beds of Pt/TiO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2} showed that adding unetched TiO{sub 2} to etched Pt/TiO{sub 2} could improvemore » CO{sub 2} production. The photothermal synergistic enhancement of CO{sub 2} production appears to be caused primarily by gas phase transport of intermediates between the two catalyst phases in a mixed series-parallel kinetic pathway. Increased levels of acetaldehyde produced by photo-oxidation over TiO{sub 2} can lead to CO{sub 2} production by thermal reaction of the acetaldehyde over Pt.« less
Presidential address 2005: peace-making is the answer: spiritual valorization and the future of our field.

The address given by each president of the American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR) is an opportunity to summarize the most important things one has learned in a career that culminated in the presidency of AAMR. It is also an opportunity to offer some advice about how to deal with the challenges of the present and future. My focus here is not on my professional journey as a physician and a child neurologist, nor will I review my research on carnitine deficiency and the treatment of epilepsy in persons with disabilities. I focus instead on my spiritual journey as a caregiver for individuals with disabilities and their families and share what I have learned so far from them and from others in our field. The great joy one gets from being in this multidisciplinary professional association (AAMR) is the chance to transcend one’s own field (in my case, medicine) and to learn from people in many other diverse fields. Thus, I now know a little bit about a lot of things that I have learned from sharing with others in AAMR for the past 23 years. My intent here is to synthesize a variety of themes (some of which I know more about than others) into a coherent message that can be useful to us now and to those who will come after us.
Leadership, collective motion and the evolution of migratory strategies.

Migration is a hallmark life history strategy of a diverse range of organisms, and also ubiquitous in ontogenic processes including normal embryonic development as well as tumor progression. In such scenarios, individual organisms/cells typically respond to long range (and often noisy) environmental cues. In addition, individuals may interact socially with one another leading to emergent group-level navigational abilities. Although much progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of taxis, there is a lack of theoretical and quantitative understanding of how individuals trade-off information obtained through their own migratory ability and that via social interactions. Here, we discuss results and insights from a recent computational model developed to investigate the evolution of leadership and collective motion in migratory populations. It is shown that, for a broad range of parameter values, only a small proportion of the population gather directional information while the majority employ soc...
Laparoscopic techniques in intestinal surgery.

Laparoscopic bowel surgery has developed slowly over the last decade, with virtually all procedures having been attempted with these laparoscopic techniques. The benefits of this approach to colore...
Ovarian Torsion in a Patient with Müllerian Agenesis: Increased Risk?

Abstract Background Patients with mullerian agenesis may be at an increased risk of ovarian torsion due to the absence of the utero-ovarian ligament and the fact that the ovary is not tethered to a fixed and relatively non-mobile structure, the uterus. Case We report a case of a 14-year-old female with abdominal pain who had a physical examination suggestive of mullerian agenesis. Imaging was non-diagnostic and demonstrated an abdominal mass. Emergent surgery revealed ovarian torsion. Summary and Conclusion We present this case of ovarian torsion and mullerian agenesis, in order to highlight the association and to review potential risk factors.
Size of the Sodium Dodecylsulfate Aggregate Bound to Polyethylene Glycol: Effect of Different Cations

Dynamic fluorescence spectroscopy of micelle-solubilized pyrene was used to measure the size of the sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) aggregate bound to polyethylene glycol (PEG). The measurements were carried out with very dilute PEG and SDS concentrations, to ensure that there were no free surfactant aggregates in solution and that all aggregates present were bound to the polymer. Effect of salts of sodium, cesium, lithium, and magnesium of varying concentrations on the size of the bound aggregate was determined. The affinity of the cation toward PEG controlled the size of the SDS aggregate bound to the polymer. The stronger the binding between the cation and PEG, the smaller was the bound SDS aggregate. There was no effect of either the anion or the salt concentration for a particular cation on the size of the bound SDS aggregate. As the ionic strength increased, the only parameter affected was the number of bound surfactant aggregates per polymer chain. Results are discussed in terms of simultaneous affinities of the cations toward the polymer and the micelle.
Remarks on the size of critical edge-chromatic graphs

Abstract We give new lower bounds for the size of A-critical edge-chromatic graphs when 6~<A ~<21. 1. Introduction All graphs we consider are undirected and have neither loops nor multiple edges. We denote the vertex set of a graph G by V(G) and the edge set by E(G). The order of G is I V(G)I and the size of G is IE(G)I. We denote the degree of a vertex v in G by de(v) and the maximum degree of G by A(G). A vertex of maximum degree is called a major vertex; otherwise it is a minor vertex. The number of vertices in G of degree k is denoted by nk --- nk(G). The subgraph of G induced by a subset A of vertices of G is denoted by G[A]. For disjoint subsets A, B of vertices of G, E(A,B) denotes the set of edges one end of which is in A and the other end of which is in B. We write e(A,B) for IE(A,B)I and e(v,B) for e({v},B). Our notation and terminology generally follow [1]. The chromatic index z'(G) of a graph G is the minimum number of colors required to color the edges of G so that no two adjacent edges receive the same color. Vizing [7] showed that
Routh approximant state space reduced order models for systems with uncontrollable modes

The problem of deriving time domain reduced order models to systems which are not completely state controllable is considered, and the procedure does not involve the computation of eigenvaiues and eigenvectors of the high-order system. The details are explained and illustrated via a numerical example.
Searches for new phenomena at the Tevatron collider

This paper summarizes recent results from searches for new phenomena at the Tevatron collider. Both the CDF and DO collaborations have large datasets (∼ 100 pb−1) of pp collisions at √s = 1.8 TeV with which to search. To date, neither experment has definitive evidence for new physics and consequently both set limits on the production of new particles. Results from recent searches for Z′ bosons, leptoquarks, Higgs bosons, supersymmetric top quarks, and evidence of gauge-mediated supersymmetry are presented here.
Kinetics of interfacial reaction in bimetallic CuSn thin films

Kinetics of formation of Cu6Su5 between Cu and Sn thin films at room temperature and of Cu3Sn between Cu6Sn5 and Cu at temperatures from 115° to 150°'C were measured by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and glancing-incidence X-ray diffraction. The growth of Cu6Sn5; showed a linear rate and the reduction of Cu6Sn5 due to the growth of Cu3Sn showed a parabolic rate with an activation energy of 0.99 eV. A flash of W film was deposited between Cu and Sn as diffusion markers during their room temperature reaction. Marker displacement measured by the backscattering technique showed that Cu is the dominant diffusing species in forming Cu6,Sn5. By annealing a Cu3Sn/Cu sample at 640°C for 20 min and by cooling (not a rapid quenching) it to room temperature, we found that the high temperature phase Cu4Sn can be made metastable at room temperature.
A New Review of Old Novae

Novae are certainly very exciting at the time of their eruptions, and there is much work left to be done in understanding all of the details of that part of their existence, but there is also much to be learned by looking at the systems decades, centuries, and even millennia after their peak. I give a brief overview of some of the history and motivation behind studying old novae and long-term nova evolution, and then focus on the state of the field today. Exciting new results are finally starting to shed some light on the secular behavior of post-nova systems, although as is often the case in astronomy, the observations are at times conflicting. As is always the case, we need more observations and better theoretical frameworks to truly understand the situation.
Multidisciplinary management of metastatic colorectal cancer.

Abstract When colorectal cancer metastasizes to distant organs, usually multiple sites are involved and treatment consists primarily of systemic chemotherapy and supportive care. Chemotherapeutic agents effective against metastatic colorectal cancer include 5-fluorouracil, often used in combination with leucovorin or methotrexate, and irinotecan (CPT-11). Median survival with optimal chemotherapy regimens ranges from 10 to 15 months. Less frequently, colorectal cancer metastasizes only to the liver or lung. In a minority of these cases, surgical resection can be performed and results in a median survival of 28–46 months for hepatic resections and 24–25 months for pulmonary resections. Five-year survival rates range from 24 to 38% and 21 to 44% for hepatic and pulmonary resections, respectively. For isolated liver metastases that are not surgically resectable, other regional therapies that can be considered are hepatic cryosurgery, radiofrequency ablation, and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Median survival following cryosurgery is between 26 and 30 months, while median survival following radiofrequency ablation has not been established in large series. Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, especially with newer combination drug regimens, may increase survival in patients with isolated liver metastases compared to systemic chemotherapy, but this must be confirmed in randomized, prospective trials. Colorectal cancer metastases to the brain can be treated with radiation therapy or surgical resection, but median survival with treatment is less than one year.
Migration and its Determinants: A Study of Two Communities in Colombia

Using data gathered by the author in two communities in Southwestern Colombia, this paper tests a model of migration which incorporates relative deprivation as one of many possible reasons to migrate. The study finds that the product of relative deprivation and family income not only has a sensible interpretation; it is a better predictor of migration than its two component variables alone. Results also show that families with the highest propensities to migrate are those with the most to gain in terms of being better able to reduce relative deprivation through successful migration. These families, however, are neither at the bottom nor at the top of the income distribution in their communities. The study also finds that those most likely to migrate to the USA conform most closely to the immigration policies of the USA.
Palladium(II) catalyzed rearrangement of bicyclo[6.1.0]- non-4-ene to cis,cis-1,5-cyclononadiene

Abstract PdCl2(PhCN)2 reacts with bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-ene, (I), in non-polar solvents to produce dichloro-cis,cis-1,5-cyclononadienepalladium(II) as the final product. The reaction involves cyclopropyl CC and CH bond cleavages in (I) to produce the isomeric diene. The reaction proceeds by cis addition of PdCl to a strained CC bond, followed by a stereospecific 1,2 hydrogen migration and PdCl elimination. PMR and chemical evidence is presented in support of the PdCl addition. The reaction reported is synthetically useful for the preparation of both cis,cis-1,5-cyclononadiene and trans-bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-ene, the latter being obtained on quenching the reaction mixture at short times.
An Examination of the Acceptability of Instructional Practices for Students with Severe Disabilities in General Education Settings

This study investigated 51 instructional methods specifically targeted as best practices for the education of students with severe disabilities. A survey was mailed to 120 project directors, profes...
Time‐dependent kinetics I: Exponential autoinduction of carbamazepine in monkeys

The pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine were studied during a week-long infusion of the drug in 60% polyethylene glycol 400 solution in three rhesus monkeys. Serum concentrations approached steady state within 8-16 hr and then rapidly declined, within 72 hr, to a new asymptotic level approximately 46% of the maximum steady-state concentration. Serum concentrations remained at that level during the rest of the experimental period. The decline from the maximum value to the asymptotic steady state was exponential. It is postulated that the decline in the steady-state concentration is due to autoinduction by carbamazepine of its own metabolism.
Critical Behavior of Magnets with Dipolar Interactions. I. Renormalization Group near Four Dimensions

The exact renormalization-group approach of Wilson is used to study the critical behavior for $Tg{T}_{c}$, $H=0$, and small $\ensuremath{\epsilon}g0$, of an isotropic ferromagnetic system in $d=4\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ dimensions, with exchange and dipolar interactions between $d$-component spins. Normal isotropic Heisenberg behavior with $\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}\ensuremath{\approx}\frac{1}{2\ensuremath{\nu}}\ensuremath{\approx}1\ensuremath{-}\frac{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}{4}$ (to first order in $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$) is retained for $t=(\frac{T}{{T}_{c}})\ensuremath{-}1\ensuremath{\ll}\frac{G}{J{a}^{d}}$, where $G=\frac{{(g{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B})}^{2}}{2}$ measures the strength of the dipole-dipole interactions, $J$ is the short-range exchange parameter, and $a$ is the lattice spacing. When ${t}^{\ensuremath{\varphi}}\ensuremath{\approx}\frac{G}{J{a}^{d}}$, where $\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{\approx}1+\frac{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}{4}$, crossover occurs to a characteristic dipolar behavior described by a new fixed point of the recursion relations. For $t\ensuremath{\ll}\frac{G}{J{a}^{d}}$ one thus finds $\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}\ensuremath{\approx}\frac{1}{2\ensuremath{\nu}}\ensuremath{\approx}1\ensuremath{-}\frac{9\ensuremath{\epsilon}}{34}$ {and, for spins of $n d$ components, $\frac{1}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}\ensuremath{\approx}\frac{1}{2\ensuremath{\nu}}\ensuremath{\approx}1\ensuremath{-}[\frac{(6n+3)}{2(6n+11)}]\ensuremath{\epsilon}$, which agrees with spherical-model results when $n\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$}. In the dipolar regime the spin-correlation function $〈{s}_{q}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}{s}_{\ensuremath{-}q}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}〉$ has a factor [${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\beta}}\ensuremath{-}(\frac{{q}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}}{q}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}}{{q}^{2}})$], which suppresses longitudinal spin fluctuations; the susceptibilities ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\alpha}}$ display the expected demagnetization effects. It is found that dipolar anistropies derving from the lattice structure produce weak instabilities which should be hard to detect although their effects are not fully elucidated. Extensions of the results to nonzero magnetic fields, and to anistropic exchange interactions are indicated; the experimental situation is mentioned briefly.
Multiple competitive displacement interactions involving human serum albumin, anticoagulants, oleic acid and various drugs.

Abstract 1. 1. Equilibrium dialysis experiments were carried out to compare the displacement of dicumarol and warfarin from human serum albumin by combinations of drugs and free fatty acids. 2. 2. Warfarin was more readily displaced from serum albumin by oleate than dicumarol, and the greatest degree of displacement occurred when the molar ratio of oleate to albumin exceeded four. 3. 3. Various drugs were tested separately and in combination with oleate for their displacing abilities of the anticoagulants.
Majority Responses to Opinion Deviates A Communicative Analysis

Using Moscovici 's model of social influence, this study views social influence as rooted in conflict and seeks to identify and examine the communicative behavior of the group's majority as they react to the arguments of an opinion deviate who argues against the prevailing majority view. Majority responses are examined in light of the deviate's gender, as well as changes in her or his substantive and linguistic communicative behavior. The study's results reveal that the opinion deviates exerted little influence, regardless of their gender or communicative behavior. In general, the majority 's deviate-directed verbalizations were characterized by cooperativeness, emotionality, and opinionatedness. Unlike the influence ratings, however, these content characteristics varied significantly, depending on the deviate's gender and his or her use of evidence and qualifying expressions. The deviates' inability to influence the majority may have been influenced by the particular discussion topic used in the investig...
Surface enhanced gyroelectric symmetry breaking in dipole radiation

We theoretically study the two-dimensional (2D) dipole radiation near the interface of a magneto-optical material and a plasmonic metal. We show that an asymmetric radiation pattern occurs due to time reversal symmetry breaking, which is influenced by the “one-way” surface plasmon wave propagating at the interface of the two media. Unlike a normal reciprocal dipole, the transmission and reception radiation patterns of this dipole are different and both asymmetric.
Two-layer integrated optical tapped delay line for RF spectrum analysis

We present the design and characterization of tapped delay line filters fabricated in two-level photonic integrated circuits. Phase error correction techniques are evaluated to enable spectrum analysis of a 4GHz band with 300MHz resolution.
Dynamic Interfacial Tension at the Oil/Surfactant−Water Interface

We have used dynamic interfacial tension measurements to understand the structure of the ordered monolayer at the hexadecane/water interface induced by the presence of surfactant molecules. No abrupt changes in the interfacial tension (γ) are observed during the expansion and contraction cycle below the interfacial ordering temperature (Ti) as observed for alkanes in contact with air. The lack of an abrupt change in γ and the magnitude of this change during the expansion process indicate that the ordered phase may not be crystalline. The change in the interfacial tension is due to an increase in contact between water and hexadecane molecules and the disordering of the interfacial ordered layer. At low surfactant concentrations, the recovery of the interfacial tension is slower below Ti, suggesting that there is a critical surfactant concentration necessary to nucleate an ordered phase at the interface.
Symptoms of ADHD and Close Friendships in Adolescence

Objective: This study examined the relationship of ADHD symptoms to different aspects of close friendship quality as rated by both adolescents (target adolescent and a close friend) within a friendship dyad. Method: Participants were 41 same-sex friendship dyads who completed questionnaires about their friendship. Separate symptom dimensions of ADHD (inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity) were examined. Teacher and parent ratings of social functioning were also used. Results: Symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and overall ADHD were positively related to target-reported friendship quality, and symptoms of inattention and total ADHD were positively associated with friend-reported friendship quality. Potential explanations for these surprising findings were explored. Conclusion: Results suggest that the close friendships of adolescents with symptoms of ADHD may be distinct from the peer rejection commonly faced by this population and that adolescents with symptoms of ADHD may have at lea...
Utilization of Low Temperature Waste Heat for Cold TES

This paper presents an advanced energy cogeneration system that utilizes low temperature waste heat in the range of 60°C to 95°C to produce cold thermal energy storage (TES). Since there is usually a temporal variance between the availability of low temperature waste heat and demand for commercial building air conditioning, a cold TES system is incorporated into this advance energy system. The proposed TES system uses a lithium bromide/water solution both as a refrigerant and as a cold thermal storage material. The cold storage material can be stored at ambient temperature without thermal insulation for an indefinite period of time without losing its charge, making it an ideal system for utilizing peaking system’s low temperature waste heat or to utilize low temperature waste heat during nocturnal operation of continuous generation systems at a time when there are usually low or minimal air conditioning requirements. The heat pump and waste heat is used to recover the thermal storage by reprocessing the stored lithium bromide weak solution to a higher concentration.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Error analysis for high school english teachers

Abstract This study attempted to create and test the validity of an Error Analysis Model usable by high school teachers. The premise of the Model is that not all errors can be treated equally. Those errors that lead to the greatest loss of meaning are the most serious and should be treated first. This study contends that certain types of syntactical errors (run‐ons, fragments, awkward sentences) are the most serious errors because they lead to the greatest loss of meaning, whereas common mechanical mistakes such as subject/verb disagreement, comma, period, question mark misuses, and misspellings of common words are not as serious because they do not create as serious a loss of meaning. Results indicate that in themes that do not contain significant mechanical errors, syntactical errors do not lead to a breakdown of meaning. However, in themes with numerous mechanical errors, the nature of the syntactical errors do create comprehension problems. The study concludes with some suggestions for remediating ser...
The gamma-delta T-cell cytokine response to peritonitis

Summary The inflammatory cytokine response of peritoneal and splenic γδ T-cells and macrophages to polymicrobial bacterial peritonitis was investigated. The production of intracellular Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) was measured using flow cytometry at 6, 24, and 48 hrs following cecal ligation and puncture or sham laparotomy. TNF-α production was induced in peritoneal — but not splenic — γδ T-cells in response to both sham surgery and peritonitis. γδ T-cells demonstrated no IL-10 production. Peritoneal and splenic macrophages demonstrated earlier TNF and IL-10 responses to CLP than γδ T-cells. We conclude that γδ T-cells are local mediators of inflammation.
Facile introduction of bridging MPh2 groups (MGe, Sn, Pb) into platinum–pentaruthenium and hexaruthenium carbido carbonyl cluster complexes

Abstract The reactions of PtRu5(CO)16(μ6-C) (1) with Ph3GeH and Ph3SnH afforded the trimetallic cluster complexes PtRu5(CO)15(μ-GePh2)(μ6-C) (4) and PtRu5(CO)15(μ-SnPh2)(μ6-C) (5), respectively, in good yields. Both the compounds consist of an octahedral cluster of one platinum and five ruthenium atoms with an interstitial carbido ligand in the center. The bridging CO ligand in 1 was replaced by a bridging GePh2 group in 4 and a bridging SnPh2 group in 5. The lead homologue PtRu5(CO)15(μ-PbPh2)(μ6-C) (6) was obtained from the reaction of 1 with Pb2Ph6. The reaction of PtRu5(CO)15(PMe2Ph)(μ6-C) (2) with Ph3SnH yielded the phosphine derivative of 5, PtRu5(CO)14(μ-SnPh2)(PMe2Ph)(μ6-C) (7). Compound 7 was obtained in a higher yield from the reaction of 5 with PMe2Ph. The reaction of Ru6(CO)14(η6-C6H6)(μ6-C) (3) with Ph3SnH yielded the new hexaruthenium complex Ru6(CO)13(μ-SnPh2)(η6-C6H6)(μ6-C) (8) containing a bridging SnPh2 ligand. Evidence for benzene formation in the formation of compound 5 indicates the fate of the phenyl group that was cleaved from the tin atom in that reaction.
Hyperfine Interactions of Sm and Co in Sm2Co17

The Sm and Co hyperfine fields in ${\mathrm{Sm}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Co}}_{17}$ have been measured at 4.2 K by means of the zero-field NMR spin-echo technique. The Sm resonance shows the existence of the ${\mathrm{Th}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ni}}_{17}$-type structure with two inequivalent sites for the Sm nucleus having hyperfine fields of 3.40 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{6}$ and 3.48 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{6}$ G. It also shows that the effect of the mixing of the excited $J=\frac{7}{2}$ level into the ground $J=\frac{5}{2}$ multiplet by crystal- and exchange-field effects had a smaller effect on the hyperfine interaction than was expected. The hyperfine fields of the $^{59}\mathrm{Co}$ resonance show a broad distribution from 110 to 220 MHz which we were able to correlate to the number of neighboring Co and Sm atoms surrounding the site in question.
Cardiovascular responses of adolescents during a naturally occurring stressor and their behavioral and psychophysiological predictors.

The present investigation examined the behavioral and psychophysiological characteristics of 23 adolescents who differed in levels of blood pressure and heart rate prior to and following a naturally occurring stressor–giving a required five-minute speech in a high school English class. Measured characteristics were Type A behavior, hostility and anger, trait anxiety, family history of hypertension, and blood pressure and heart rate responses to three standardized laboratory stressors (serial subtraction, star-tracing, and handgrip tasks). Results showed that anxious adolescents achieved elevated levels of systolic blood pressure and heart rate during public speaking relative to the next English class, whereas angry adolescents achieved elevated levels of diastolic blood pressure. Those adolescents who exhibited exaggerated increases in the cardiovascular measures while performing laboratory tasks also achieved elevated levels of blood pressure and/or heart rate during the naturally occurring stressor, but the strength of the relationships varied across tasks and physiological parameters. These findings should be viewed as tentative because of the uniqueness and size of the sample.
Neutrophil migration inhibition factor from T lymphocytes (NIF-T): a new lymphokine.

Abstract Neutrophil migration inhibition factor produced by peripheral blood lymphocytes and that produced by a unique T-lymphoblast cell line were characterized and appeared to be the same. Both factors were remarkably heat stable 35,000 to 45,000 dalton glycoproteins that were resistant to diisopropyl fluorophosphate, and both reversibly inhibited neutrophil migration. This neutrophil migration inhibition factor appears to be produced selectively by T lymphocytes and is distinct from previously described mediators that inhibit neutrophil migration.
Urinalysis of atrazine exposure in farm pesticide applicators

This study compared three relatively common laboratory methods for the detection of atrazine (a triazine herbicide commonly used in US agriculture), and related metabolites in urine. Ninety-nine samples collected from atrazine applicators within 8 h post application were analyzed. Thirty-seven percent of applicators showed detectable levels (minimum = 1.0 ng/ml) of deethylatrazine (an atrazine metabolite typically found in environmental samples) in their urine, based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis (mean = 14.2 ng/ml). Fifty applicator samples were tested using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) designed for the mercapturate metabolic product. Most of these samples (80%) had detectable levels of the mercapturate product. A triazine in water ELISA was also used to test several diluted urine samples from atrazine applicators, and all samples were positive for triazines. Mediocre agreements between the three methods indicated that each detected distinct atrazine exposure products. The results indicate that single field applications of atrazine result in measurable pesticide doses to applicators and that the choice of field assay should depend on the exposure product to be evaluated.
Recommending blood glucose monitors, a pharmacy perspective.

Introduction:Selection of what blood glucose monitoring system to utilize has become an issue for physicians, diabetes educators, pharmacists, and patients. The field of competing makes and models of blood glucose monitoring systems has become crowded, with manufacturers touting improvements in accuracy, ease of use/alternate site options, stored results capacity, software evaluation tools, and/or price point.Methods:Personal interviews of 12 pharmacists from community and academic practice settings about monitor preference, as well as results from a national survey of pharmacist recommendations, were compared to actual wholesale sales data to estimate the impact of such recommendations on final monitor selection by the patient.Results:Accu-Chek® monitors were recommended 34.65% of the time and represented 28.58% of sales, with a success rate of 82.48% of being the monitor selected. OneTouch® monitors had 27.72% of recommendations but represented 31.43% of sales, indicating possible patient brand loyalty ...
Identify earthquake hot spots with 3-dimensional density-based clustering analysis

Clustering analysis to identify hot spots of interest is a popular topic in spatial data mining. One of the challenges for existing clustering approaches is that they are not suitable for clustering high-dimensional feature vectors. Many existing density-based clustering algorithms model the point density based on two-dimensional information without considering the impact of the vertical dimension. This paper proposes a revision to the Supervised Clustering Density-based Estimation (SCDE) algorithm by introducing the depth variable into the influence function. The paper then develops an experimental design exploring the impact of depth on SCDE, and measures the reward and fitness functions as the evaluation criteria. The paper also develops a metric to assess the accuracy of estimating high-risk earthquake spots by overlaying the clustering results with the California Seismic Hazard Map. Results show that treatment with the depth variable generates better fitness values, rewards, and accuracy.
On the three-dimensional shapes of elliptical galaxies

The paper considers the hypothesis that elliptical galaxies are oblate axisymmetric objects flattened by rotation. It was found that (1) rotation does not flatten axisymmetric elliptical galaxies appreciably and elliptical galaxy models can rotate rapidly and yet show little flattening, (2) several systems remained axisymmetric when the quantity t used as a measure of rotation was greater than 0.14, and (3) models with similar shapes can have quite different internal dynamics.
Investigating the Impact of Self-Efficacy in Learning Disaster Strategies in an On-Line Serious Game

As playing serious games becomes a more viable method of teaching it is important to examine the factors that may impact successful learning. In the current study we examined whether college students could learn disaster prevention strategies from an on-line game. We measured perceptions of learning self-efficacy, enjoyment and game usability. Participants were asked to play an online serious game designed to help them learn what to do to prepare for a natural disaster (tsunami). Knowledge of disaster strategies were measured before and after two brief game periods. The results showed that players significantly improved in their knowledge and performance. The best predictor of post-test scores was the players’ perceived self-efficacy at the end of the game. Players who felt that they could master the game, tended to have the highest performance scores. Enjoyment of the game also predicted performance suggesting that those who felt more positively also felt that they could master the game. In this relative...
Singular optimal control of solar space heating systems

In the past few years fuel prices have seen steady increases. Also, the supply of fuel has been on the decline. Because of these two problems there has been an increase in the number of solar heated homes. Since conventional fuel prices are increasing and as a solar heating system represents a high capital cost it is desirable to obtain the maximum performance from a solar heating system. The control scheme that is used on a solar heated home has an effect on the performance of the solar system. The best control scheme possible would, of course, be desired. This paper deals with the control problems of a solar heated home. The basic problem is to control the inside temperature of the building and to minimize the fuel consumption. This problem applies to both a solar heated home and a conventionally heated home.