cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Harnessing Strain: From [1.1.1] Propellanes to Tinkertoys

We describe the initial results of an effort to develop a molecular-scale civil engineering construction set analogous to the children’s “Tinkertoy” set. End-functionalized “staffs” were obtained by oligomerization of [1.1.1]propellane, promoted by strain relief. The first steps have been taken towards joining them with suitable connectors. The functionalized staffs have other interesting properties; their surface activity and liquid crystalline behavior are described briefly.
Heterogeneous households in a sticky price DSGE model

This paper introduces heterogeneous households into an otherwise standard sticky-price model with industry-specific labor markets. Households differ in labor incomes and asset markets are incomplete. I show that household heterogeneity affects equilibrium dynamics nontrivially by amplifying price stickiness endogenously through wealth effects on labor supply. To quantify the importance of household heterogeneity in amplifying stickiness, I estimate and compare representative and heterogeneous household models. The quantitative exercise shows the heterogenous household model performs better than its representative counterpart in accounting for aggregate and sectoral dynamics in the U.S., while being more consistent with empirical evidence on nominal rigidity at the aggregate and sectoral levels, thanks to the stickiness endoge
DFT processing of bistatic arrays operating in sequential mode

A multiple-target-detection technique based on phase processing of data collected in a sequential mode operation is presented. The elements are assumed to be circular dishes. No tapering or phase-shifting hardware is needed. The firing of the elements is sequential with all or some of the elements receiving in parallel. The sequential operation and phase processing applied to a real array show a significant improvement in the array pattern. However, the attenuation of the secondary patterns is not sufficient because the diameter of the dish is limited by the element spacing. the secondary patterns can be reduced to an acceptable level using bistatic arrays. In the present application, the bistatic array consists of two adjacent linear arrays: one transmitting array with large dishes and spacing, and a receiving array with small dishes and spacing. >
Endonuclease from Dictyostelium discoideum That Attacks Ultraviolet-Irradiated Deoxyribonucleic Acid

An endonuclease activity yielding single-strand breaks in ultraviolet light-irradiated phiX-174 RF I DNA in vitro has been detected in homogenates of the amoebae of the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum.
Practice patterns and organizational commitment of inpatient nurse practitioners

AbstractPurpose:Nurse practitioners (NPs) deliver a wide array of healthcare services in a variety of settings. The purpose of this study was to examine the practice patterns and organizational commitment of inpatient NPs.Methods:A quantitative design was used with a convenience sample (n = 183) of
Tocopherol and annatto tocotrienols distribution in laying-hen body

The impact of supplementing laying-hen feed with annatto tocotrienols (T3s) and alpha-tocopherol on the distribution of various forms of vitamin E and cholesterol throughout the hen's body was evaluated. A total of 18 organs or tissues (skin, fat pad, liver and gall bladder, heart, oviduct, forming yolk, laid yolk, lungs, spleen, kidney, pancreas, gizzard, digestive tract, brain, thigh, breast, manure, and blood) were collected after 7 wk of feeding on diets enriched with various levels of alpha-tocopherol and annatto extract that contained gamma-T3 and delta-T3. Tissue weights, contents of lipid, alpha-tocopherol, gamma-T3, delta-T3, cholesterol, and fatty acid composition of extracted lipids from the collected organs and tissues were determined. Tissue weight and lipid content did not change significantly with feed supplementation treatments, except that the liver became heavier with increased levels of supplementation. Overall, the main organs that accumulated the supplemented vitamin E were fat pad, liver and gall bladder, oviduct, forming yolks, laid yolks, kidney, brain, thigh, and breast. Much of annatto gamma-T3 and delta-T3 (> 90%) was found in the manure, indicating poor uptake. In some tissues (brain and oviduct,) a significant increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids was seen with increased supplementation. Alpha-tocopherol impacted the transfer of gamma-T3 to forming and laid yolks, but did not impact delta-T3 transfer. No significant differences were found in most of the tissues in cholesterol, except a reduction in heart, based on tissue as-is. Blood samples showed large variations in individual hens with no significant differences in total and HDL cholesterol, or total triacylglycerols. Supplementing feed with annatto T3s and alpha-tocopherol showed that the vitamin E profile and distribution of the laying-hen body can be altered, but to different extents depending on tissue. The result of this research has significance in enhancing meat nutrient content.
Unified channel assignment for unicast and broadcast traffic in Cognitive Radio Networks

The rising density of wireless devices, combined with the availability of a plethora of wireless web applications, has overcrowded the radio frequency spectrum. Majority of the present wireless radio spectrum is already licensed; however, studies have shown that the licensed spectrum is significantly underutilized. Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) are envisioned to utilize the radio spectrum more efficiently. CRNs may be required to handle both unicast and broadcast traffic, which makes the task of channel assignment in CRNs more challenging, as communication mode required for each type of traffic is different. Unicast traffic may suffer due to interference if the same channel is assigned to and used by neighboring nodes; on the other hand for broadcast traffic if a larger set of neighbors share a common channel, any particular node may exploit wireless broadcast advantage to communicate with a maximum number of neighbors in a single transmission. Existing channel assignment schemes either favor unicast or broadcast traffic only. In this paper a Unified Channel Assignment (UCA) algorithm is proposed which assigns channels according to their respective interference and connectivity parameters depending on the proportions of unicast and broadcast traffic in the network.
An Objective Technique for Estimating Present Tropical Cyclone Locations

Abstract A technique is developed and tested for estimating objectively the location of a tropical cyclone from a variety of fixes. The western North Pacific climatology and persistence (WPCLPR) track forecast technique is used to generate a potential track from each fix. A tentative warning position is interpolated from a smooth curve that is fit to the future and past positions. When multiple fixes are available, weighting functions are applied to account for the expected accuracy and the timeliness of each fix. Several empirical factors are determined by sensitivity tests with a dependent sample of eight storms that includes 226 warning positions. An independent sample of 22 storms with 610 warning positions is used to demonstrate that the accuracy of the objective technique is not significantly different from the official Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) warning positions during 1981–83. The short-term track forecast accuracy with WPCLPR is essentially the same whether the JTWC or the objective war...
Pathologic physiology of Lutembacher syndrome.

Abstract An attempt has been made to discuss the interplay of hemodynamic alterations that may result from superimposition of mitral stenosis and interatrial septal defect upon each other. It is concluded that there are reasons to believe on a hemodynamic basis that one lesion could possibly exert a beneficial influence over the other. These factors are possibly responsible for an occasional case of this syndrome having a surprisingly long and normal asymptomatic life.
The causes and consequences of overactive bladder.

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a syndrome characterized by symptoms of urinary urgency with or without urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), usually with frequency and nocturia. OAB affects approximately 17% of women in the United States and Europe. The causes of OAB, as with many bladder disorders, are multifactorial and are not completely understood. The primary functions of the lower urinary tract (bladder and bladder outlet mechanism) are storage and evacuation of urine. The bladder and the micturition cycle are under complex neural control involving both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Micturition may occur in response to the activation of receptors in the bladder muscle and detection of chemical stimuli by receptors within the bladder lining. Neurogenic or myogenic bladder dysfunction can lead to the symptoms of urgency, frequency, and UUI that characterize OAB. The consequences of this condition are far-reaching and include direct medical consequences and coping strategies that adve...
Gas-phase proton transfer reactions involving multiply charged cytochrome c ions and water under thermal conditions.

Investigations of gas-phase proton transfer reactions have been performed on protein molecular ions generated by electrospray ionization (ESI). Their reactions were studied in a heated capillary inlet/reactor prior to expansion into a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Results from investigations involving protonated horse heart cytochrome c and H, O suggest that Coulombit effects can lower reaction barriers as well as aid in entropically driven reactions. For example, the charge state distribution observed by a quadrupole mass spectrometer for multiply protonated cytochrome c without the addition of any reactive gas ranges from 9+ to 19+ , with the [M + 15H](15+) ion being the most intense peak. With the addition of H2O (proton affinity approximately 170.3±2 kcal/mol) to the capillary reactor at 120°C, the charge state distribution shifts to a lower charge, ranging from 13+ to less than 9+. Under the same conditions with argon (proton affinity approximately 100 kcal/mol) as the reactive gas, no shift in the charge state distribution is observed. The results demonstrate that proton transfer to water can occur for highly protonated molecular ions, a process that would be expected to be highly endothermic for singly protonated molecules (for which Coulombic destabilization is not significant). The results imply that the charge state distribution from ESI is somewhat dependent upon the mechanism and speed of the droplet evaporation/ion desolvation process, which may vary substantially with the ESI/mass spectrometry interface design.
THE THEOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF THOMAS GROOME

Abstract Theological anthropology in the work of Thomas Groome can be understood by exploring the relationship between subjectivity and knowledge in his major works. This relationship is constituted by five fundamental elements: the knowing subject in religious education as existential, liberational, pedagogical, theological, and critical. A comprehension of this constitutive core of his theological anthropology affords a map for understanding the logic of his contribution to religious education.
Cremona: an architecture and library for creation and monitoring of WS-agreents

Using services across domain boundaries, be they organizations or self-managing components of large distributed systs, requires the setup of an agreent between the parties involved, defining the terms of the service including interfaces, security and Quality of Service (QoS) properties. In an on-dand environment in which services are contracted on a short notice, the establishment of an agreent as well as the setup of agreement-fulfilling and monitoring systs of the parties involved must be spontaneous and, partially, automated. WS-Agreent is a standardization effort being conducted in the Global Grid Forum defining a simple agreent establishment protocol, an XML-representation of agreements and agreent tplates as well as a runtime agreement monitoring interface, based on the WSRF set of standards.WS-Agreent standardizes the interaction between the organizational domains. In addition, providers require an infrastructure to manage agreent tplates, implent the interfaces, check availability of service capacity and expose agreement states at runtime. Also, agreent requesters need infrastructure to read tplates, fill in tplates to create suitable agreements, and monitor agreent state at runtime. Crona (Creation and Monitoring of Agreents) proposes an architecture for the WS-Agreent-implenting middleware. In addition, the Crona Java Library implents the WS-Agreent interfaces, provides management functionality for agreement tplates and instances, and defines abstractions of service-providing systs that can be implented in a domain-specific environment.
Susceptibility to ultraviolet-induced corneal sarcomas is highly heritable in a laboratory opossum model

The laboratory opossum, Monodelphis domestica, develops hyperplasia and neoplasia of the corneal stroma after repeated exposure to low doses of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) (non-erythemic in skin). We exposed adult animals from genetically diverse families within our colony to determine whether there are any heritable components to the risk of this form of eye cancer. From about 5 months of age, animals were exposed 3 times a week to a dose of about 125 J/m2 of UVB (spectral peak = 302 nm). Thirty-three sibships (151 individuals) completed at least 30 weeks of the protocol and 137 individuals completed 45 weeks. For genetic analysis, each animal was classified at 30 and 45 weeks as affected with corneal sarcoma or not. Heritabilities were estimated for the dichotomous eye-tumor trait which was highly heritable at both time points. This eye-cancer model system is valuable as a source of material for in vitro studies of angiogenesis and neoplastic transformation, for in vivo studies of tumor therapy and prevention, and for further research on the genetic determinants of cancer.
Chemoimmunotherapy of small cell bronchogenic carcinoma with VP-16-213, ifosfamide, vincristine, adriamycin, and Corynebacterium parvum.

Thirty-five consecutive patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma (SCBC) received chemoimmunotherapy with VP-16-213, Ifosfamide, vincristine, Adriamycin, and Corynebacterium parvum. Of 33 evaluable patients, 26 (79%) responded with complete (55%) or partial (24%) remissions. Complete remissions were more common among patients with limited disease (11/14 patients, 79%) compared with those with extensive disease (7/19 patients, 37%) and among patients (11/14 patients, 79%) compared with those with extensive disease (7/19 patients, 37%) and among patients who were ambulatory prior to therapy (16/25 patients, 64%) compared with those who were nonambulatory (2/8 patients, 25%). Myelosuppression consisted primarily of neutropenia. Eight percent of the treatment courses in 29% of the patients were associated with hematuria and/or documented episodes of infection during neutropenia. There were three deaths possibly related to treatment, in two of which there was no evidence of disease at post-mortem examination. Six patients relapsed in the central nervous system (CNS). In four instances, CNS relapse was the only site of tumor progression. Central nervous system relapse was more common among evaluable patients who did not receive prophylactic brain irradiation (5/17 patients, 29%, vs. 1/15 patients, 7%; P . 0.23). The median survival duration for all patients was 63 weeks, being slightly longermore » for patients with limited disease than for those with extensive disease (70.9 weeks vs. 56 weeks; P . 0.18). This was also true for patients who achieved complete rather than partial remissions (71 weeks vs. 50 weeks; P . 0.09). Patients receiving prophylactic brain irradiation experienced longer survival (100.8 weeks vs. 48 weeks; P . 0.01).« less
Synthesis and Analysis of Entangled Photonic Qubits in Spatial-Parity Space

We present the novel embodiment of a photonic qubit that makes use of one continuous spatial degree of freedom of a single photon and relies on the parity of the photon's transverse spatial distribution. Using optical spontaneous parametric down-conversion to produce photon pairs, we demonstrate the controlled generation of entangled-photon states in this new space. Specifically, two Bell states, and a continuum of their superpositions, are generated by simple manipulation of a classical parameter, the optical-pump spatial parity, and not by manipulation of the entangled photons themselves. An interferometric device, isomorphic in action to a polarizing beam splitter, projects the spatial-parity states onto an even-odd basis. This new physical realization of photonic qubits could be used as a foundation for future experiments in quantum information processing.
2,3-Anhydrosugars in glycoside bond synthesis. Application to the preparation of C-2 functionalized α-d-arabinofuranosides

Abstract A novel two-step route has been developed for the synthesis of a panel of oligosaccharides ( 9 – 17 ) containing C-2 functionalized α- d -arabinofuranosyl residues. The first step in this route consists of a highly stereocontrolled glycosylation reaction using a 2,3-anhydrosugar thioglycoside ( 6 ). In the second step, the epoxide ring in the 2,3-anhydrosugar glycoside is regioselectively opened at C-2 with sodium methoxide and sodium azide thus providing products with the α- d -arabinofuranosyl stereochemistry. This approach to these targets circumvents the potential stereocontrol problems inherent in glycosylations with arabinofuranosyl donors possessing non-participating groups at C-2. The route is also highly convergent, allowing the preparation of a range of C-2′ and C-2″ modified oligosaccharides upon reaction of epoxy glycosides 27 – 29 with nucleophiles.
Warped gates: gating aware scheduling and power gating for GPGPUs

With the widespread adoption of GPGPUs in varied application domains, new opportunities open up to improve GPGPU energy efficiency. Due to inherent application-level inefficiencies, GPGPU execution units experience significant idle time. In this work we propose to power gate idle execution units to eliminate leakage power, which is becoming a significant concern with technology scaling. We show that GPGPU execution units are idle for short windows of time and conventional microprocessor power gating techniques cannot fully exploit these idle windows efficiently due to power gating overhead. Current warp schedulers greedily intersperse integer and floating point instructions, which limit power gating opportunities for any given execution unit type. In order to improve power gating opportunities in GPGPU execution units, we propose a Gating Aware Two-level warp scheduler (GATES) that issues clusters of instructions of the same type before switching to another instruction type. We also propose a new power gating scheme, called Blackout, that forces a power gated execution unit to sleep for at least the break-even time necessary to overcome the power gating overhead before returning to the active state. The combination of GATES and Blackout, which we call Warped Gates, can save 31.6% and 46.5% of integer and floating point unit static energy. The proposed solutions suffer less than 1% performance and area overhead.
High order approximations to Sturm-Liouville eigenvalues

New approximations for Sturm-Liouville eigenvalues are derived from a careful analysis of the error in low order methods. By suitable definition of local approximating polynomials higher order accuracy can be achieved without increasing the degree of the polynomials.
Dark avoidance learning and memory disruption by carbon dioxide in cockroaches

Abstract Cockroaches were trained to avoid the dark side of a box using electric shock as a negative reinforcement. The majority of the acquisition of learning occurred within the first minute of training. The reduction in the number of shock bouts initiated during training could be attributed entirely to avoidance learning; no evidence of escape learning was found. There was no decrease in retention of dark avoidance up to 2 hr after training. When carbon dioxide was administered immediately after training, no retention was observed 2 hr later. When CO2 was given 1 hr after training some retention was observed 2 hr after training. These results indicate that memory phases which have different susceptibilities to disruption can be observed in cockroaches.
University Public-Access Mandates Are Good for Science

A new and better order to make scholarship available for free to all is emerging through deposit mandates like those adopted by Harvard, MIT, and Kansas.
Arthroscopically Assisted Percutaneous Quadricepsplasty: A Case Report and Description of a New Technique

Restricted motion of the knee occurs frequently after an intra-articular fracture of the distal femur. Treatment of this complication typically requires open release of the quadriceps muscle. To our knowledge an arthroscopically assisted method of performing a quadricepsplasty has not been previously described. We present such a case and the details of the arthroscopically assisted method that may provide an alternative, minimally invasive means of restoring knee flexion in the setting of a post-traumatic extension contracture.
Single grain boundary characterization of Nb-doped SrTiO3 bicrystals using ac four-point impedance spectroscopy

AC four-point impedance spectroscopy has been applied to Nb-doped SrTiO3 bicrystals. Due to the simplified geometry and highly conductive bulk of the bicrystal, the reference impedance of the electrode was significantly reduced, validating the applicability of ac four-point impedance spectroscopy for electroceramics. DC current–voltage characteristics without any interference due to electrodes confirmed these ac measurements. Using ac four-point impedance spectroscopy, grain boundary contributions are isolated and the corresponding grain boundary thickness and resistivity are estimated.
Sexual Lying Among College Students in Close and Casual Relationships1

The current investigation examined the extent and nature of sexual lying in close and casual relationships. Participants were 790 undergraduates recruited from 2 institutions for 1 of 4 studies employing diverse methods—2 experiments, 4 surveys, and a recalled event. Participants tended to tell fewer sexual lies in closer relationships, and those lies tended to be relatively more other-protective than self-protective. Also, the more they engaged in sexual lying, the more sexual lying they believed their partners engaged in. Furthermore, individual sexual lying tendencies were consistent across situations. Finally, participants were generally quite honest with their sex partners, and they lied less about risk-relevant sexual issues than about risk-irrelevant matters. These findings have implications for safer sex interventions.
Binary primitive alternant codes

In this note we investigate the properties of two classes of binary primitive alternant codes that are generalizations of the primitive BCH codes. For these codes we establish certain equivalence and invariance relations and obtain values of d and d*, the minimum distances of the prime and dual codes.
Synthesis, characterization and thermal properties of trimetallic N3-Cr[quadruple bond]Cr···M-N3 azide complexes with M = Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co.

We report here two novel synthetic pathways toward the preparation of a family of trimetallic diazide compounds of the type Cr2M(dpa)4(N3)2, with M = Cr (10), Mn (4), Fe (5), and Co (11). Reaction of either Cr2M(dpa)4(OTf)2 (for M = Mn and Fe) or [Cr2M(dpa)4(MeCN)2](PF6)2 (for M = Cr and Co) with sodium azide in methanol leads to the formation of the corresponding diazide compounds, and single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements confirm the predicted structures. Compounds 4, 5, and 10 are all high-spin compounds, but 11 is a spin-crossover compound exhibiting low-spin behavior at low temperatures (∼100 K). Thermolytic characterization by DSC and TGA reveals an exothermic reaction corresponding to the loss of two dinitrogen molecules from compounds 5, 10, and 11. Further characterization by solution NMR measurements and cyclic voltammetry are also presented.
The dimeric and catalytic subunit forms of protein phosphatase 2A from rat brain are stimulated by C2-ceramide.

Abstract Protein phosphatase 2A (PP-2A) is a heterotrimeric enzyme consisting of a catalytic (C) subunit and A and B regulatory subunits. PP-2A is activated by ceramide in vitro suggesting that PP-2A may be a target of this putative second messenger in vivo (Dobrowsky, R. T., Kamibayashi, C., Mumby, M. C., and Hannun, Y. A.(1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 15523-15530). In this study, sensitivity to ceramide was only observed when the B subunit was present, suggesting that the B subunit was required for ceramide activation. Here we show that dimeric PP-2A, produced from trimeric PP-2A by heparin-agarose-induced dissociation of the B subunit and isolated by preparative native electrophoresis, is activated by ceramide. The catalytic subunit of PP-2A, produced from trimeric PP-2A by freezing and thawing in the presence of 0.2 M β-mercaptoethanol and isolated by gel filtration, is also activated by ceramide. The trimeric and catalytic subunit forms of PP-2A exhibit a similar dose dependence of activation by ceramide, and are stimulated to a similar extent at ceramide concentrations yielding maximal activation. These findings indicate that neither the A nor the B subunit is required for ceramide stimulation of PP-2A. Together, these results demonstrate that the catalytic subunit contains a ceramide binding site and suggest that efforts to understand the mechanism of activation of PP-2A by ceramide should be focused on this subunit. The discovery that the catalytic subunit contains a ceramide binding site raises the possibility that other members of this serine/threonine phosphatase gene family may contain lipid binding sites and be regulated by ceramide or other lipid second messengers.
Pineal-induced ovarian atrophy in rats treated neonatally with testosterone☆

Abstract Blinding 2 or 3 day old rats decreased uterine weights when animals were killed at 75 days of age; the effect of blinding was counteracted by pinealectomy. TP-treatment at 3 days of age reduced ovarian, but not uterine, size at 75 days of age. This decrease was not prevented by pinealectomy. The combination of blinding and TP-treatment caused marked reductions in the size of both the ovaries and uteri; if these rats were pinealectomized the ovaries and uteri returned to the levels of similar organs in TP-treated animals.
Weather risk management in ski resorts: Financial hedging and geographical diversification

Abstract As weather volatility increases, weather risk has become a critical management issue in weather sensitive industries. This study uses ski resorts as an example to examine two promising weather risk management strategies: geographical diversification and financial hedging. The empirical analysis results suggest that financial hedging might be a more effective strategy for ski conglomerates. Guidelines for ski conglomerates to achieve better weather risk management outcomes are provided based on simulating the interactions between geographical diversification and financial hedging. Although based on ski resorts and snowfall risk, the methodology is also applicable to other weather sensitive hospitality businesses.
What patterns of heterogeneity in the Earth's mantle can be revealed by seismic travel time tomography?

Abstract We investigate which patterns of seismic heterogeneity in the mantle would be returned reliably by a tomographic inversion in which the model mantle is parametrized by a set of discrete, non-overlapping voxels. We construct synthetic data sets based on real ray sampling of the mantle by introducing spherical harmonic patterns of velocity heterogeneity and perform inversions of the synthetic data. We expand the resulting voxel model in spherical harmonics and compare the power at each degree and in each model layer with the input spherical harmonics in order to determine which patterns produced by inversions of real data may be deemed reliable and to identify patterns which must be viewed with skepticism. We find that while the power input to a particular pattern of heterogeneity in the 0–200 km layer is generally recovered accurately, the pattern itself is poorly determined in this layer. A pattern in the 200–400 km layer is more precisely determined though the power contained in the pattern is consistently underestimated and more leakage occurs to the layers above and below. The transition zone, 400–670 km, shows similarly strong control of lateral heterogeneity patterns but tests return a more accurate estimate of input powre than for the second layer. The l = 2, 4, and 6 components all show accurate recovery in the 400–670 km layer. This result supports previous findings, from inversions with real data, that l = 2 is a significant pattern of heterogeneity in the mantle's transition zone and that l = 4 is not a significant pattern. For the entire upper mantle, l = 6 would be retrieved reliably and its constructive behavior in upper mantle models derived with real data is confirmed. These tests also demonstrate the inability of our inversion procedure to retrieve shorter wavelength features in the lower mantle. The results for our lowermost layer, D″, must be considered suspect due to the inadequate constraints placed on model values by our ray coverage and the sensitivity of these results to noise in the data.
Thermoelastic Problems for the Anisotropic Elastic Half-Plane

By applying the extended version of Stroh's formalism, the two-dimensional thermoelastic problem for a semi-infinite anisotropic elastic half-plane is formulated. The steady-state heat transfer condition is assumed and the technique of analytical continuation is employed; the formulation leads to the Hilbert problem, which can be solved in closed form. The general solutions due to different kinds of thermal and mechanical boundary conditions are obtained. The results show that unlike the two-dimensional thermoelastic problem for an isotropic media, where a simply-connected elastic body in a state of plane strain or plane stress remains stress free if the temperature distribution is harmonic and the boundaries are free of traction, the stress within the semi-infinite anisotropic media will generally not equal zero even if the boundary is free of traction.
Recurrence and regeneration in non-markovian networks of queues

Closed networks of queues with priorities among job classes provide a framework for modeling a wide variety of complex congestion phenomena. Steady state estimation procedures based on underlying regenerative process structure are available only for non-Markovian networks in which all service interruptions are of the preempt-repeat type and all service time distributions have positive density on the positive half-line. Using “new better than used” distributional assumptions and sample path structure of the underlying job stack process, we establish criteria for recurrence and regeneration that avoid these restrictions. Regenerative simulation methods follow from these results.
Development of low-loss IR optical fibers for optical sensors

Development of Low-Loss IR Optical Fibers for Optical Sensors.Jas S. Sanghera and lshwar D. AggarwalNaval Research Laboratory, Code 56032,Washington, DC 20375ABSTRACTWe have fabricated stable suiphide and tellunde based chalcogenide glasses and characterized theirproperties. The glasses do not exhibit crystallization upon reheating up to and beyond the fiber draw temperature. Wehave drawn unclad tellunde fibers with a minimum attenuation of 0.1 1 dB/m at 6.6 pm which represents the lowest lossreported for a chalcogenide glass containing high levels ofTe. Preliminary core/clad telluride and sulphide glass fibershave been drawn using the rod-in-tube process with a minimum loss of 0.7 dB/m at 6.6 pm and 0.6 dB/m at 4.89 pm,respectively. Improvements in glass quality and processing utilizing the rod-in-tube and double crucible techniques willlead to lower losses. We also demonstrate the capability ofthe telluride fibers for evanescent sensing of numerousorganic and inorganic liquids and their mixtures in the 3-12 pm region.I . INTRODUCTiONThere are numerous fiber optic applications in the IR region between 3-12 pm and some of the importantapplications are listed in Table I.Table I. Applications in the 2-12 pm wavelength region.Chemical sensors. Temperature monitoring.Laser threat warning systems. Imaging of IR focal plane arrays.Thermal imaging. Medical applications.Laser transmission eg. CO at 525 pm. Sensing and tracking.Remoting of lR detectors and sources. Long wavelength laser hosts.More recent interest has been generated in the use of fibers in chemical sensor systems1'2. As shown in figure
A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF THE TRANSITION FROM LOCALIZED IGNITION TO FLAME BALL IN LEAN HYDROGEN/AIR MIXTURES

A computational study has been conducted to determine the critical conditions for the transition from localized flame ignition and propagation to the establishment of a flame ball. Lean H2/air mixtures are investigated using a time-dependent, spherically symmetric code with detailed chemistry, transport, and radiation submodels. Results show that outwardly propagating spherical flames can be ignited for hydrogen mole fractions larger than 3.5%. Furthermore, assuming optically thin radiative heat loss, flame balls XH2 can be established from centrally ignited premixed spherical flames only within a narrow range of mixture compositions (i.e., 3.5% 6.5%). For 6.5% 11%, flames propagate until radiative XX HH 22 extinction, never evolving into flame balls, while for 11%, the expanding spherical flames develop XH2 asymptotically into planar propagating flames. These findings corroborate the experimental result that the range of mixtures within which flame balls have been observed is much narrower than that predicted by previous one-dimensional instability analysis of the flame ball, where it was shown that steady flame balls exist for 3.5% 10.7%. The present simulation also shows that the dynamic transition from a XH2 spherically propagating flame to the flame ball controls the range of mixtures for which flame balls can be reached, with radiative loss being both the requisite mechanism for and the limiting mechanism against the dynamic transformation. Additional calculations show that the size of the flame ball is noticeably enlarged when radiative reabsorption is incorporated.
Recombinant Human Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Provides Cardioprotection During Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion in the Mouse

Purpose Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) drives an intense inflammatory response that contributes to infarct healing and cardiac remodeling. Recently, different studies have identified a role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the development of adverse cardiac remodeling. However, in animal models of AMI IL-1 has been shown to be cardioprotective in preconditioning, raising the question of clinical safety of therapeutic IL-1 blockade for autoinflammatory diseases or for the prevention or the treatment of AMI. In this study we proposed to evaluate the effects of pretreatment with recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (rhIL-1Ra) on ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury to the heart.
The Zr6Cl12(PMe2Ph)6 molecule revisited: a directed synthesis

Abstract A new method for preparing the compound formally assigned the composition Zr6Cl12(PMe2Ph)6 is described. The compound can now be obtained reproducibly in about 16% yield. A new crystalline form was obtained and fully characterized by X-ray crystallography, giving molecular dimensions in essential agreement with those previously reported. Crystal data: space group, P 1 with a=19.032(4), b=13.328(2), c=14.401(2) A, α=92.69(1), β=92.18(2), γ=108.01(3)°, V=3464(2) A3, Z=2. The possibility that hydrogen atoms may be attached to each of two faces of the Zr6 octahedron is suggested and discussed.
SDF1 Reduces Interneuron Leading Process Branching through Dual Regulation of Actin and Microtubules

Normal cerebral cortical function requires a highly ordered balance between projection neurons and interneurons. During development these two neuronal populations migrate from distinct progenitor zones to form the cerebral cortex, with interneurons originating in the more distant ganglionic eminences. Moreover, deficits in interneurons have been linked to a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders underscoring the importance of understanding interneuron development and function. We, and others, have identified SDF1 signaling as one important modulator of interneuron migration speed and leading process branching behavior in mice, although how SDF1 signaling impacts these behaviors remains unknown. We previously found SDF1 inhibited leading process branching while increasing the rate of migration. We have now mechanistically linked SDF1 modulation of leading process branching behavior to a dual regulation of both actin and microtubule organization. We find SDF1 consolidates actin at the leading process tip by de-repressing calpain protease and increasing proteolysis of branched-actin-supporting cortactin. Additionally, SDF1 stabilizes the microtubule array in the leading process through activation of the microtubule-associated protein doublecortin (DCX). DCX stabilizes the microtubule array by bundling microtubules within the leading process, reducing branching. These data provide mechanistic insight into the regulation of interneuron leading process dynamics during neuronal migration in mice and provides insight into how cortactin and DCX, a known human neuronal migration disorder gene, participate in this process.
The summer monsoon of 1988

Time averaged, monthly mean fields of a number of climate parameters such as sea surface temperature anomalies, outgoing longwave radiation anomalies, 200 mb velocity potential field, streamfunction anomaly at the lower and the upper troposphere and percentage rainfall amounts are presented, for the summer of 1988 over the regions of Asian summer monsoon. Above normal rainfall occurred over most of the Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia and eastern China during 1988. In comparison, 1987 was a drought year. This paper presents a comparison of some of the salient aforementioned parameters. The evolution of the planetary scale divergent motions and the streamfunction anomaly exhibit prominent differences during the life cycle of the monsoon in these two years. The velocity potential field exhibits a pronounced planetary scale geometry with the divergent outflows emanating from the monsoon region during 1988. The descending branches of these time averaged circulations are found over the Atlantic ocean to the west and over the eastern Pacific and North America to the east. The immense size of this circulation is indicative of an above normal monsoon activity. During 1987, the outflow center was located much further to the southeast over the western Pacific ocean. The longitudinal extent of the monsoonal divergent circulations were much smaller in 1987. The positive sea surface temperature anomaly of the El Nino year 1987 is seen to move westwards to the western Pacific in 1988, a warm anomaly also appears over the eastern equatorial Indian ocean and the Bay of Bengal at this time. The latter contributes to the supply of moisutre during the active monsoon season of 1988. The outgoing long wave radiation anomalies evolve with a westward propagation of strong positive anomalies from the central Pacific ocean consistent with the evolution of divergent circulation. The streamfunction anomalies basically show westerly zonal wind anomalies being replaced by easterly anomalies during 1988 over the upper troposphere of the monsoon region. The lower tropospheric streamfunction anomaly during the drought year 1987 showed a pronounced counter monsoon circulation. That feature was absent in 1988.
Evidence from molecular systematics for decreased avian diversification in the pleistocene Epoch.

Abstract Pleistocene glaciations have been suggested as major events influencing speciation rates in vertebrates. Avian paleontological studies suggest that most extant species evolved in the Pleistocene Epoch and that species' durations decreased through the Pleistocene because of heightened speciation rates. Molecular systematic studies provide another data base for testing these predictions. In particular, rates of diversification can be determined from molecular phylogenetic trees. For example, an increasing rate of speciation (but constant extinction) requires shorter intervals between successive speciation events on a phylogenetic tree. Examination of the cumulative distribution of reconstructed speciation events in mtDNA phylogenies of 11 avian genera, however, reveals longer intervals between successive speciation events as the present time is approached, suggesting a decrease in net diversification rate through the Pleistocene Epoch. Thus, molecular systematic studies do not indicate a pulse of Pleistocene diversification in passerine birds but suggest, instead, that diversification rates were lower in the Pleistocene than for the preceding period. Documented habitat shifts likely led to the decreased rate of diversification, although from molecular evidence we cannot discern whether speciation rates decreased or extinction rates increased.
Stereoelectronic Effects in Dihapto-Coordinated Complexes of TpW(NO)(PMe3) and Their Manifestation in Diels−Alder Cycloaddition of Arenes

The addition of singly and doubly activated dienophiles to TpW(NO)(PMe3)(5,6-η2-anisole) and TpW(NO)(PMe3)(5,6-η2-1,3-dimethoxybenzene) to generate dihapto-coordinated [2.2.2]bicyclooctadienes and -trienes is explored. The highly functionalized bicyclic scaffolds are isolated from the metal fragment intact. Although moderate yields hinder their synthetic application, a unique stereoelectronic effect is uncovered. Coordination diastereomers of anisoles with the methoxy substituent distal to the PMe3 ligand have faster reaction rates relative to the proximal diastereomer. DFT calculations reveal the metal fragment possesses a dipole that directs positive charge away from the PMe3 ligand, and a polarized cycloaddition transition state is invoked to explain this observation.
Spectroscopic studies of random chain and α-helical polypeptides in hexafluoroisopropanol

The infrared, ultraviolet, circular dichroism, and optical rotatory dispersion spectra of five synthetic polypeptides dissolved in hexafluoroisopropanol are reported. This solvent is useful because it dissolves most proteins and non-ionic polypeptides and also is transparent in spectral regions critical for polypeptide conformational diagnoses. Poly-γ-morpholinylethyl-L-glutamamide has random chain type spectra in this solvent, whereas the spectra of poly-γ-methyl-L-glutamate, poly-L-methionine, poly-e, N-Carbo-benzoxy-L-lysine, and poly-L-homoserine indicate that these four polypeptides are α-helical. Small but significant variability between the different α-helical polypeptides is seen in their circular dichroism spectra and optical rotatory dispersions. An argument is presented that these differences may be due to slight geometry differences between different α-helices.
Review of two models of superconduction behavior in CuCL and CdS

In this review, we shall briefly discuss two models which help explain the anomalous diamagnetism and paramagnetism in CuCl and CdS at temperatures above that of liquid nitrogen. These models are built around there being some form of a superconducting phase in these materials. The first model is an optical phonon mediated electron-interaction developed by Bishop and Overhauser1, and the second model developed by Collins et al.2.3 is the outgrowth of the work of Little4, Devreese et al.5 This model includes the use of literature concerning He3 p, -states6 and is built around calculated band structures and the polarization of the valence band by conduction electrons at moderately high impurity concentrations.
Unified Approach for Closed-Loop Optimal Control

We develop a unified approach for the optimization of closed-loop control systems, based on our earlier results on Euler-Langrange equation in Naidu, D. S. and Imura, Y. (2004) and open-loop optimal control in Imura, Y. and Naidu, D. S., (2006). The unified approach results are simultaneously applicable to both shift (q)-operator-based, discrete-time systems and the derivative (d/dt)-operator-based, continuous-time systems. It is shown that the optimal condition results that are now obtained separately for continuous-time and discrete-time systems can be easily obtained from the unified approach. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the results developed in this paper.
Identifying protein function--a call for community action.

During the last few years, we have seen enormous strides in our abilities to sequence genomes, and the information that has poured out of these sequences is quite astonishing. With more than 150 complete genome sequences now available and many laboratories rushing into microarray analysis, proteomic initiatives, and even systems biology, it seems an appropriate time to consider not just the opportunities those sequences present, but also their shortcomings. By far the most serious problem is the quality and degree of completeness of the annotation of those genomes. Most troublesome are the large numbers of open reading frames that have been identified by computer programs, but remain labeled as a “conserved hypothetical protein” when they occur in more than one genome or simply a “hypothetical protein” when they appear unique to the genome in question. Between them, these two categories of annotated open reading frames often represent more than half of the potential protein-coding regions of a genome. These annotations highlight just one portion of our ignorance about the information content of genomes and our lack of fundamental knowledge about the function of so many of the building blocks of cells. Unless we rectify this situation, it is likely to undermine many of the other “-omic” efforts currently underway. Here I advocate a rather straightforward approach to address this problem—focused initially on the bacterial genomes. In contrast to the numerous proposals for big science initiatives to understand the fundamental workings of biological organisms, I propose a small science, relatively low-tech approach that could have a dramatic pay off. A relatively small investment could yield a massive amount of information that would greatly enhance our current efforts to use genomic approaches to study life.
Ascertainment of pesticide exposures of migrant and seasonal farmworker children: findings from focus groups.

Background To design questionnaires for epidemiologic research among children of migrant farmworkers, researchers need to consider ways to best solicit information about pesticide exposures. Methods Bilingual facilitators conducted five focus groups with either migrant farmworker mothers or their children (age range 8–16 years) in southern Texas and northeastern Colorado. Guided questions were used to assess activities of migrant farmworker children and the ways to best elicit information about exposure to pesticides. Results Participants reported a large number of activities that may potentially expose children to pesticides through both direct and indirect routes. Prompting, indirect questions about chemical use, and use of local and trusted facilitators increased information elicited from focus group participants. Conclusions These focus groups helped to provide information for developing questionnaire items related to pesticide exposure among migrant farmworker children, and highlighted the importance of using bilingual community interviewers and including children as respondents. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:531–537, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.