cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding autoimmune uveitis through animal models. The Friedenwald Lecture.

For more than 20 years, my research interests have concentrated on the cellular, molecular, and genetic mechanisms involved in the breakdown of self tolerance to immunologically privileged antigens found in the retina of the eye and in the subsequent pathologic processes that ultimately manifest as autoimmune uveitis. Although my work has emphasized autoimmune uveitis, many of the mechanisms are applicable to other ocular inflammatory diseases, as well as to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases affecting other organs. The eye has a special relationship with the immune system, known as ocular immune privilege, which we believe to have evolved to protect vision from damage caused by day-to-day inflammatory insults.1,2 One of the convincing and medically important manifestations of ocular immune privilege is the extraordinary success of corneal grafts.2 However, despite ocular immune privilege, we develop autoimmune uveitis. This is seemingly a paradox that should be reconciled with what we know, or what we think we know, about immune privilege of the eye. Autoimmune uveitis in humans is not a single entity, but rather is a group of diseases that can differ in presentation and clinical course. The eye may be the only organ involved, or uveitis may be part of a syndrome involving multiple tissues.3 Lymphocytes from peripheral blood of uveitis patients often respond to antigenic proteins expressed in the retina, and it is felt that these responses play a central role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune uveitic disease. Together, these diseases are estimated to affect 2 million Americans and to underlie at least 10% of the severe visual handicap.4 Because the etiology is usually obscure and because studies on clinical material are hampered by strict ethical considerations and limited availability of tissue samples, it is necessary to use animal models to unravel the basic mechanisms of disease.
Rethinking the union of computed tomography reconstruction and GPGPU computing

This work will present the utilization of the massively multi-threaded environment of graphics processors (GPUs) to improve the computation time needed to reconstruct large computed tomography (CT) datasets and the aris- ing challenges for system implementation. Intelligent algorithm design for massively multi-threaded graphics processors differs greatly from traditional CPU algorithm design. Although a brute force port of a CPU algo- rithm to a GPU kernel may yield non-trivial performance gains, further measurable gains could be achieved by designing the algorithm with consideration given to the computing architecture. Previous work has shown that CT reconstruction on GPUs becomes an irregular problem for large datasets (10GB-4TB), 1 thus memory band- width at the host and device levels becomes a significant bottleneck for industrial CT applications. We present a set of GPU reconstruction kernels that utilize various GPU-specific optimizations and measure performance impact.
Origami-like creases in sheet materials for compliant mechanism design

Abstract. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the creasing of non-paper sheet materials, such as plastics and metals, to facilitate origami-based compliant mechanism design. Although it is anticipated that most origami-based design will result from surrogate folds (indirect methods of replacing the crease), it is valuable to provide information that may help in more direct approaches for origami-based design in materials other than paper. Planar sheets of homogeneous material are considered as they maintain the principles fundamental to origami (flat initial state, low cost, readily available). The reduced stiffness along the axis of the crease is an enabling characteristic of origami. Hence a metric based on the deformation of the crease compared to the deformation of the panels enables engineering materials to be evaluated based on their ability to achieve the "hinge-like" behavior observed in folded paper. Advantages of both high and low values of this metric are given. Testing results (hinge indexes, residual angles, localized hinge behavior and cyclic creasing to failure) are presented for various metals and polymers. This methodology and subsequent findings are provided to enable origami-based design of compliant mechanisms.
Identifying Efficacious Treatment Components of Panic Control Treatment for Adolescents: A Preliminary Examination

ABSTRACT Panic Control Treatment for Adolescents (PCT-A) is a developmentally sensitive and efficacious treatment for adolescents with panic disorder. The present study is a preliminary examination of the relative efficacy of individual treatment components in PCT-A in a sample of treatment completers; the study identified when rapid improvements in panic symptoms occurred over the course of treatment and which treatment components preceded these gains. Twenty-one adolescents (ages 13–17) completed weekly measures of panic-relevant symptoms, which were examined for between-session gains. Results indicate that psychoeducation may precede notable decreases in panic attacks while cognitive restructuring may contribute to rapid declines in overall anxiety and cognitive errors. The authors discuss the importance of future controlled dismantling studies to examine the relative contribution of PCT-A treatment components.
Photoperiodic and thermoperiodic interaction affecting fat stores and reproductive indexes in the male green anole, Anolis carolinensis

Daily fluctuations in warm (30°C) and cold (20°C) temperatures have different effects on fat stores and gonad weights of male Anolis carolinensis than constant warm or cold temperatures; and the effects vary depending on the phase relations of the daily thermoperiod with a daily photoperiod. In addition there is a seasonal change in the thermoperiod-photoperiod interaction. For example an 8-hour interval of warm temperature beginning eight hours after the onset of a 6-hour daily photoperiod during July is more stimulatory for testicular weights than similar intervals of warm temperature beginning at 0 or 16 hours after the onset of light, but it is less stimulatory in October. The results suggest that the interaction of thermoperiodic and photoperiodic cycles may have important roles in regulating the annual cycles of reproduction and lipid metabolism.
Historical biogeography at the crossroads of the northern continents: molecular phylogenetics of red-backed voles (Rodentia: Arvicolinae)

Evolutionary relationships of red-backed voles and their relatives were examined and used to test biogeographic hypotheses. Sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were obtained for 25 individuals representing Alticola macrotis, Clethrionomys californicus, C. gapperi, C. glareolus, C. rutilus, and C. rufocanus. These were combined with 21 partial sequences from GenBank for C. regulus, C. rex, C. rufocanus, C. rutilus, Eothenomys imaizumii, E. melanogaster, Phaulomys andersoni, and P. smithii. Complete sequences of three species of Microtus (M. montanus, M. oeconomus, and M. pennsylvanicus), representative species of other arvicoline genera (Myopus, Synaptomys, Arvicola, Ellobius, Ondatra, Lemmus, Dicrostonyx, and Phenacomys), and a sigmodontine representative (Peromyscus) were included as outgroups. We used maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, distance, and Bayesian based methods and conducted statistical tests on proposed hypotheses of phylogenetic relationships and biogeographic histories. A close relationship of species representing the genera Alticola, Clethrionomys, and Eothenomys was supported (Clethrionomyini); however, the genus Clethrionomys was paraphyletic with respect to both Alticola and Eothenomys. Three major clades were identified as Asian (Eothenomys andersoni, E. smithii, C. rex, C. regulus, and C. rufocanus), Trans-beringian (Alticola macrotis, C. californicus, C. gapperi, C. glarelolus, and C. rutilus), and Taiwanese (E. melanogaster). These results are consistent with the fossil record which indicates an initial diversification in Asia followed by colonization of the Nearctic on at least two occasions. The holarctic species, C. rutilus, appears to have either reinvaded Asia from North America or colonized North America more recently (late Pleistocene) than the two species of Clethrionomys (C. gapperi and C. californicus) that are endemic to North America (early to mid-Pleistocene). Finally, C. gapperi, appears to be comprised of an eastern and a western species, the former with affinities to the Asian C. glareolus and the latter more closely related to C. californicus.
The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily

Analyses of steroid receptors are important for understanding molecular details of transcriptional control, as well as providing insight as to how an individual transacting factor contributes to cell identity and function. These studies have led to the identification of a superfamily of regulatory proteins that include receptors for thyroid hormone and the vertebrate morphogen retinoic acid. Although animals employ complex and often distinct ways to control their physiology and development, the discovery of receptor-related molecules in a wide range of species suggests that mechanisms underlying morphogenesis and homeostasis may be more ubiquitous than previously expected.
Release and purification of micrococcus lysodeikticus ATPase from membrane extracted with n-butanol

The ATPase associated with the membranes of Micrococcus ysodeikticus has been released into the aqueous phase (i.e. solubilized) by extracting the membranes with n-butanol in a two-phase system modified from the procedure of Maddy, A.H. (164) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 88, 448–449. A procedure for the release and purification of the ATPase from the membranes extracted with n-butanol is described as an alternate method to that previously used for the shock-wash ATPase. Upon extracting the membrane suspensions with n-butanol the soluble ATPase released into the buffer phase no longer exhibits stimulation by trypsin in contrast to the shock-wash type of ATPase. As shown by Salton, M. R. J. and Schor, M. T. (1972) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 49, 350–357, the shock-wash ATPase possesses associated protein(s) as determined by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis whereas these are absent from the purified ATPase released by the n-butanol method. The specific activities of the purified ATPase released by the two methods were generally similar, the n-butanol type being consistently somewhat higher.
Benefits and limitations of a novel chlorophyll adsorbent

Silica hydrogels acidified with strong mineral acids, such as sulfuric acid, are highly effective chlorophyll and phospholipid adsorbents relative to traditional acid-activated bleaching earth (ABE), but they are not effective β-carotene adsorbents. When an acidified silica is used as the only bleaching agent, sulfuric acid leaches into the oil, and after deodorization, Tintometer red and yellow (R/Y) numbers are higher than those for ABE-bleached and deodorized oils. The fixed R/Y colors do not arise solely from the decomposition of β-carotene during deodorization. Sequential treatments of canola oils with sulfuric acid/silica and ABE can be performed to overcome all of the drawbacks associated with sulfuric acid/silica treatment alone, such that finished oils can be produced by lower overall adsorbent dosages.
The influence of text messaging on oral hygiene effectiveness

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate whether text message reminders regarding oral hygiene have an effect on plaque removal in orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods: In this randomized, controlled clinical trial, 50 orthodontic patients were assigned to either a text message or control group. Patients in the text message group received 12 text messages over the course of 4 weeks and one text message for 8 weeks thereafter. Photos were taken at baseline (T0), at 4 weeks after baseline (T1), and at 12 weeks after baseline (T2). For each subject, photos of eight teeth were taken and then the area of the tooth and amount of plaque were measured using planimetry. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in plaque coverage between baseline and both T1 and T2 in the text message group as measured using planimetry. This was demonstrated by comparing the average measurements of the control group and the treatment group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the use of automated text mes...
The continuation power flow: a tool for steady state voltage stability analysis

The authors present a method of finding a continuum of power flow solutions starting at some base load and leading to the steady-state voltage stability limit (critical point) of the system. A salient feature of the so-called continuation power flow is that it remains well-conditioned at and around the critical point. As a consequence, divergence due to ill-conditioning is not encountered at the critical point, even when single-precision computation is used. Intermediate results of the process are used to develop a voltage stability index and identify areas of the system most prone to voltage collapse. Examples are given where the voltage stability of a system is analyzed using several different scenarios of load increase. >
Retinol-binding protein 4 and lipocalin-2 in childhood and adolescent obesity: when children are not just "small adults".

Background: Although there is much evidence regarding the physiologic and pathogenic roles of the newly described adipokines retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and lipocalin-2 as potential promoters of insulin resistance in obese adults, relatively little information exists regarding their roles in obese children. Methods: We investigated the circulating concentrations of RBP4 and lipocalin-2 in 80 obese girls (ages 9– 15 years) and their relationships with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the adipokines leptin and adiponectin. We divided participants by their body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI SDSs) into 4 groups of 20 girls each: overweight [mean BMI SDS (SD), 1.8 (0.4)], obese [2.2 (0.4)], morbidly obese [3.6 (0.4)], and lean controls [−0.11 (0.4)]. We measured plasma-soluble RBP4, the RBP4-binding protein transthyretin, lipocalin-2, hs-CRP, leptin, and adiponectin and calculated the homeostatic assessment model (HOMA) index from fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. Results: Unexpectedly, plasma RBP4 and lipocalin-2 concentrations were correlated negatively with BMI SDS values ( P = 0.005, and P < 0.03, respectively). These results were different from those of adults and were not correlated with the HOMA index. In contrast, hs-CRP and leptin concentrations were positively correlated with BMI SDS values ( P < 0.0001, and P < 0.00001, respectively), as expected, whereas the adiponectin concentration was negatively correlated ( P = 0.008). Conclusions: Although the correlations of leptin, adiponectin, and hs-CRP concentrations with BMI in children are similar to those of adults, the correlations of RBP4 and lipocalin-2 with BMI in children are the inverse of those observed in adults. Thus, although systemic inflammation and mild insulin resistance are present in childhood obesity, RBP4 and lipocalin-2 concentrations are not increased in children as they are in obese adults with long-standing severe insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
TiNy threads on BlueGene/P: Exploring many-core parallelisms beyond The traditional OS

Operating Systems (OSs) have been considered as a cornerstone of the modern computer system, and the conventional operating system model targets computers designed around the sequential execution model. However, with the rapid progress of the multi-core/manycore technologies, we argue that OSes must be adapted to the underlying hardware platform to fully exploit parallelism. To illustrate this, our paper reports a study on how to perform such an adaptation for the IBM BlueGene/P multi-core system.
The Effect of Displacement Currents on the High-Frequency Resistance of Circular Single-Layer Coils

In existing theoretical formulas for obtaining the high-frequency resistance of circular single-layer coils, the effect of displacement currents has been neglected. It was thought that the displacement currents in going from one turn of the coil to another through the dielectric, would affect the distribution of current over the cross section of the conductor and, consequently, the effective resistance at high frequencies. The present paper shows that this effect is of minor importance by applying, for the first time, the similitude principle to circular single-layer coils. The paper also experimentally substantiates the results predicted by the similitude principle.
Symptomatic uraemia from bilateral obstructive uropathy secondary to metastatic urinary bladder cancer showing only unilateral hydronephrosis: a case report

Bilateral hydronephrosis is classic for supravesical obstructive uropathy causing uraemia with dual functioning kidneys. Recently, a patient presented with uraemia and metastatic urinary bladder carcinoma but only unilateral right-sided hydronephrosis. A right ureteral stent was placed retrograde and no further intervention was planned since the left kidney appeared normal, and since the left ureteric orifice was not visualized. We insisted on a left percutaneous nephrostomy which was successful with prompt urine return. A left nephrostogram revealed unrecognized hydroureter/hydronephrosis. Following haemodialysis, kidney function normalized at 3 weeks. For symptomatic uraemia from obstruction, an antegrade and/or a retrograde decompression must be attempted bilaterally to improve renal salvage.
A Researcher-Student-Teacher Model for Democratic Science Pedagogy: Connections to Community, Shared Authority, and Critical Science Agency.

This article presents a model for democratic pedagogy in science classrooms that is based on an examination of existing literature on democratic educational practices and on teacher and student ideas about how this pedagogy can take shape and be operationalized in science classrooms. A goal of democratic science pedagogy is to explore ways of teaching science for social justice among diverse school populations by drawing on the ideas and assets of students and teachers. Drawing upon interview and observational data, the model shows democratic science pedagogy as centered in constructions of community, shared authority, and critical science agency—students relying on subject-matter knowledge to make change and to redress power differentials in their lives.
A simple method of sample size calculation for linear and logistic regression

A sample size calculation for logistic regression involves complicated formulae. This paper suggests use of sample size formulae for comparing means or for comparing proportions in order to calculate the required sample size for a simple logistic regression model. One can then adjust the required sample size for a multiple logistic regression model by a variance inflation factor. This method requires no assumption of low response probability in the logistic model as in a previous publication. One can similarly calculate the sample size for linear regression models. This paper also compares the accuracy of some existing sample-size software for logistic regression with computer power simulations. An example illustrates the methods.
Muscular Balance, Core Stability, and Injury Prevention for Middle- and Long-Distance Runners

Martial artists long have recognized the importance of well-developed core musculature. One of the main differences between a novice practitioner and a black belt is the black belt’s development and use of his core (called ‘‘center’’ or ‘‘Ki’’) to produce balanced, powerful, and explosive movements. For middle- and long-distance runnersdwhose chosen sport involves balanced and powerful movements of the body propelling itself forward and catching itself in complex motor patternsdthis stable core, as well as a strong foundation of muscular balance, is essential. In many runners, howeverdeven those at an Olympic leveldthis core musculature is not developed fully. Weakness or lack of sufficient coordination in core musculature can lead to less efficient movements, compensatory movement patterns, strain, overuse, and injury. This article discusses the importance of muscle balance and core stability for injury prevention and for improving a distance runner’s efficiency and performance. It includes a detailed series of core exercises that can be incorporated gradually into a runner’s training program. The program starts with restoration of normal muscle length and mobility to correct any muscle imbalances. Next, fundamental lumbo-pelvic stability exercises are introduced which teach the athlete to activate the deeper core musculature. When this has been mastered, advanced lumbopelvic stability exercises on the physioball are added for greater challenge. As the athlete transitions to the standing position, sensory motor training is
History and evolution of the International Association for Plant Biotechnology (IAPB): 1963–2008

The International Association for Plant Biotechnology (IAPB) was founded in 1963 at the first truly international conference on plant tissue culture, which was organized by Philip R. White. White was a devoted internationalist and was strongly committed to global scientific cooperation. He felt that the time had come for the international tissue culture community to organize so that it could meet regularly and provide a forum to its members for the exchange of ideas and information of mutual interest and use. The various activities of the IAPB since its founding—the publication of its newsletter, its journal, and the proceedings of its quadrennial congresses—faithfully document the remarkable advances in plant biotechnology that were made possible by the successful integration of tissue culture and molecular biology. In particular, the congress proceedings serve as time capsules, providing a wealth of information about the best of science and the most prominent scientists of the time. The history of the IAPB is indeed the history of plant biotechnology.
Differential modulation of protein kinase C isozymes in rat parotid acinar cells: Relation to amylase secretion

We investigated the expression, distribution, and activation parameters of protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes in isolated rat parotid acinar cells. By analyzing cellular extracts by western blot analysis and for isozyme-specific RNA, the Ca2+independent PKC-δ, -ϵ, and -ζ were detected in the cytosolic, particulate (plasma membrane), and nuclear fractions of unstimulated cells, whereas the Ca2+-dependent PKC-α was confined to the cytosolic and particulate fractions. The expressed isozymes showed distinct responses to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), thymeleatoxin, and cell surface receptor agonists with respect to translocation from cytosol to particulate fraction and nucleus, as well as sensitivity to down-regulation caused by prolonged exposure to PMA (3–20 hr). The marked susceptibility to down-regulation displayed by PKC-α and -δ was accompanied by an enhanced secretory response to norepinephrine as compared with control cells. Further, the selective PKC inhibitors Ro 31-8220 and CGP 41 251 also produced a concentration-dependent enhancement of norepinephrine-induced amylase secretion. Our findings suggest that PKC-α or -δ plays a negative modulatory role, rather than an obligatory role, in amylase secretion. Also, the localization and redistribution of PKC-ϵ and -δ to the nucleus by PKC activators imply that one or both of these isozymes may regulate such processes as cellular proliferation and/or differentiation. BiocHEM pharmacol 52;4:569–577, 1996.
Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Substrates and Control of Metabolism

Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has emerged as an important regulator of several signaling networks that are implicated in human metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that PTP1B displays exquisite substrate specificity. In this chapter we review mechanisms that regulate PTP1B–susbtrate interactions and highlight substrates that mediate PTP1B metabolic actions. PTP1B–substrate interactions are modulated by PTP1B subcellular location and numerous posttranslational modifications that regulate its activity such as oxidation, nitrosylation, sulfhydration, sumoylation, phosphorylation, and proteolysis. The metabolic actions of PTP1B are mediated by key physiological substrates that regulate insulin and leptin signaling, cell–cell communication, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response.
Application of fuzzy logic to predicting erythropoietic response in hemodialysis patients.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to demonstrate how fuzzy sets can be used in a pharmacodynamic model to represent the uncertainty about the classification of an end-stage renal disease patie...
Probing the early events associated with liquid ammonia pretreatment of native crystalline cellulose.

Various chemicals are being explored for catalyzing efficient lignocellulose deconstruction. In particular, when liquid ammonia is used to convert the naturally occurring cellulose crystalline phase Iβ, to cellulose IIII, the rearrangement of the hydrogen bond network in cellulose IIII results in enhanced hydrolysis yields. We use molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the interaction between a cellulose Iβ fibril and ammonia. Our simulations reveal that early structural changes in the fibril are driven by the rapid formation of an extended hydrogen bond network between the solvent-exposed surface chains and ammonia that precedes ammonia penetration into the fibril. The emergence of this hydrogen bond network causes relative shifting of the cellulose layers within the fibril that in turn leads to the formation of channels orthogonal to the (100) and (−100) fibril surfaces. The channels allow ammonia molecules to penetrate into the cellulose fibril. These findings provide avenues for improving existing ...
The Role of Memory in the Age Decline in Digit-Symbol Substitution Performance

Adult age differences in the Digit Symbol Test were investigated in three separate experiments. All experiments incorporated a manipulation of the number of digit-symbol pairs in modified versions of the test forms to determine whether the age differences would be reduced with decreased memory requirements. The results of all three experiments indicated that, as the number of digit-symbol pairs was reduced, the age difference was reduced in absolute terms, but not in relative terms. Older subjects decreased their times by greater absolute amounts, but by the same relative amounts when the number of digit-symbol pairs was decreased from nine to one. Independent results supported the interpretation that memory factors play a very small role in contributing to the age decline in digit-symbol performance.
Influence of Segregation Effects on the Energies of Lead/Graphite and Gold/Graphite Interfaces

This paper reports the results of solid state wetting studies of graphite by Pb and Au alloyed with Ni. It is shown that additions of Ni ranging from 0 to 0.2 wt%Ni reduce the contact angle of Pb on graphite from 117 to 80°, and that a 5 wt% Ni addition to Au decreases the contact angle of Au on graphite from 131 to 123°. These contact angle changes are used to compute the interfacial energy at both Pb/graphite and Au/graphite interfaces. Direct evidence of Ni segregation at those interfaces is also obtained by crater edge profiling measurements. It is found that the enrichment factor of Ni is much larger in the Pb- than in the Au-based system. Also, for similar changes in interfacial energy, the effects of Ni segregation on contact angle are larger in the Pb- than in the Au-based system. These effects are discussed in terms of the relative surface and interfacial energies in the two systems.
Simultaneous 3-D Image Reconstruction and Classication with Applications to Structural Virology*

Image preprocessing methods and results on experimental images are described for a statistical simultaneous 3-D reconstruction and classification problem for the structural virology of small spherical viruses.
Cross-species functional analyses reveal shared and separate roles for Sox11 in frog primary neurogenesis and mouse cortical neuronal differentiation

A well-functioning brain requires production of the correct number and types of cells during development; cascades of transcription factors are essential for cellular coordination. Sox proteins are transcription factors that affect various processes in the development of the nervous system. Sox11, a member of the SoxC family, is expressed in differentiated neurons and supports neuronal differentiation in several systems. To understand how generalizable the actions of Sox11 are across phylogeny, its function in the development of the frog nervous system and the mouse cerebral cortex were compared. Expression of Sox11 is largely conserved between these species; in the developing frog, Sox11 is expressed in the neural plate, neural tube and throughout the segmented brain, while in the mouse cerebral cortex, Sox11 is expressed in differentiated zones, including the preplate, subplate, marginal zone and cortical plate. In both frog and mouse, data demonstrate that Sox11 supports a role in promoting neuronal differentiation, with Sox11-positive cells expressing pan-neural markers and becoming morphologically complex. However, frog and mouse Sox11 cannot substitute for one another; a functional difference likely reflected in sequence divergence. Thus, Sox11 appears to act similarly in subserving neuronal differentiation but is species-specific in frog neural development and mouse corticogenesis.
Regulation of apical membrane Na+/H+exchangers NHE2 and NHE3 in intestinal epithelial cell line C2/bbe

We examined the regulation of the Na+/H+exchangers (NHEs) NHE2 and NHE3 by expressing them in human intestinal C2/bbe cells, which spontaneously differentiate and have little basal apical NHE activ...
Preventive role of introvascular low power red laser illumination on restenosis after balloon angioplasty in rabbits

Objective To investigate the preventive role of introvascular low power red laser illumination on restenosis after balloon angioplasty in rabbits Methods 100 New Zealand White rabbits were balloon injuried on abdominal and iliac arteries and half of which were followed by intravascular low power red laser illumination (09 J/cm2) At the end of 3 days, 1 weeks, 2 weeks,4 weeks and 8 weeks after injury, the animals were killed in groups Abdominal and iliac arteries were excised for histomorphometrical, immunohistochemical and 3 HTDR incorporation studies Before killed, the last group of rabbits would receive arterial angiography Results Compared with the rabbits received simple injury, the rate of neointimal proliferation and vascular stenosis in rabbits received laser illumination were suppressed and the arterial remodelings were improved significantly Conclusion It showed that intravascular low power red laser illumination could prevent arterial restenosis after balloon injury
Supreme Court Amicus Brief (Merits Stage) of Civil Procedure and Securities Law Professors in Support of Petitioner, Public Employees' Retirement System of Mississippi v. IndyMac MBS, Inc., No. 13-640

Amici curiae law professors (Janet Alexander, Stephen Burbank, Kevin Clermont, John Coffee, Jr., James Cox, Scott Dodson, David Engstrom, Jonah Gelbach, Alexandra Lahav, David Marcus, Norman Spaulding, Benjamin Spencer) filed this brief in the United States Supreme Court in support of petitioner in Public Employees' Retirement System of Mississippi v. IndyMac MBS, Inc., No. 13-640, regarding the applicability of American Pipe's protective tolling rule to the three-year limitations period in Section 13 of the Securities Act in class action suits. The brief uses original data to offer simple empirical estimates (accompanied by graphical presentations) of the likely efficiency costs of a decision by the Court limiting American Pipe's reach.
Quadrotor Sensor Fault Diagnosis with Experimental Results

This paper presents a fault detection, isolation, and estimation scheme for sensor bias faults in accelerometer and gyroscope measurements of quadrotor unmanned air vehicles (UAVs). Based on sliding-mode observer techniques, a robust estimation of the quadrotor roll and pitch angles is obtained by using only accelerometer measurements. Then, a diagnostic scheme is developed for detecting, isolating, and estimating sensor bias faults in the gyroscope and accelerometer measurements. Structured residuals are generated, allowing the detection and isolation of multiple simultaneous sensor faults under consideration. After the faults are detected and isolated, two nonlinear estimators are employed to provide an estimate of the unknown fault magnitude. The stability and estimation performance properties of the nonlinear estimators are established. The sensor fault diagnosis algorithm is implemented and evaluated through experimental results using a real-time indoor quadrotor test environment.
Pathophysiology and Immunology of Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is the leading cause of late morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) [1, 2].Chronic GVHD and its associated complications result in increased resource utilization, poor quality of life parameters, and decreased overall survival in patients. Early detection and appropriate intervention will help in improving long-term outcomes of HCT patients. Detection of biomarkers in blood or involved tissue (skin, gut, etc.) may help in early diagnosis and risk-stratification of patients, thereby impacting the type and intensity of immunosuppressive therapy chosen. To date, early intervention and successful treatment of cGVHD patients has lagged due to difficulty in scoring organ involvement due to lack of uniform and objective scoring tools. Another major problem in the field is the absence of approved therapies in the steroid refractory setting, which is a result of the difficulties of clinical trials in this patient population due to poor standardization of scoring systems and evaluation of objective responses. There are other competing causes of death, including disease relapse and infectious complications that may confound survival data. Establishment of standardized cGVHD scoring systems has helped enormously in staging the disease and evaluating responses to new therapies, thereby helping to make objective response evaluations possible [3].
The Discrete and Fast Fourier Transforms

For some functions f, it is impractical (indeed, well-nigh impossible) to evaluate the Fourier transform $$\mathop{f}\limits^{ \wedge } \left( \omega \right) = \int_{{ - \infty }}^{\infty } {f\left( t \right)} {e^{{ - iwt}}}dt$$ .
Logistic growth process

Starting from this chapter, we focus on special stochastic processes that are important in physics, biology, and sociology. The models are not chosen at random. They form a coherent structure and tell a story. All the models are minimal in term of their number of parameters and can be classified as either invasion models or as competition models. They mostly differ in their level of realism from the point of view of the inclusion or not of a temporal structure and/or an explicit spatial structure, but are otherwise closely related.
Disruption of short-term memory in man following consumption of ethanol

Over a 45-min period, accuracy of recognition of previously presented pictures systematically decreased in 10 nonalcoholics after a moderate amount of alcohol was consumed. The decline in performance was relatively greater when the number of pictures between the old picture and its question was larger, suggesting that alcohol affected retrieval as well as attention mechanisms.
Positive Behavioral Support for Students with Severe Disabilities: An Emerging Multicomponent Approach for Addressing Challenging Behaviors.

Students with severe disabilities who exhibit severe problem behaviors present difficult challenges for teachers and other school personnel. As school psychologists assume the role of educational c...
Circadian Biology: Uncoupling Human Body Clocks by Food Timing

Synchrony of circadian rhythms between tissues/organs appears critical for health. A new study reports that meal timing, a modifiable temporal cue for the circadian system, can selectively uncouple circadian rhythms in metabolic physiology from the central circadian clock in humans.
Chip-scale fluorescence imager for in vivo microscopic cancer detection

Modern cancer treatment faces the pervasive challenge of identifying microscopic cancer foci in vivo, but no imaging device exists with the ability to identify these cells intraoperatively, where they can be removed. We introduce a novel CMOS sensor that identifies foci of less than 200 cancer cells labeled with fluorescent biomarkers in 50ms. The sensor's miniature size enables manipulation within a small, morphologically complex, tumor cavity. Recognizing that focusing optics traditionally used in fluorescence imagers present a barrier to miniaturization, we integrate stacked CMOS metal layers above each photodiode to form angle-selective gratings, rejecting background light and deblurring the image. A high-gain capacitive transimpedance amplifier based pixel with 8.2V/s per pW sensitivity and a dark current minimization circuit enables rapid detection of microscopic clusters of 100s of tumor cells with minimal error.
Characterization of Physicochemical Properties of Nanoemulsions: Appearance, Stability, and Rheology

Abstract The physicochemical properties of nanoemulsions play an important role in determining their functional attributes and suitability for application in commercial products, such as food, supplements, pharmaceutical, or personal care products. In particular, the optical properties (appearance), rheology (texture), and stability (shelf life) of nanoemulsion-based products strongly impact their ability to be used in specific applications. This chapter provides an overview of the different analytical tools available to characterize the optical, stability, and rheological properties of nanoemulsions.
Rethinking Film as American History

(1998). Rethinking Film as American History. Rethinking History: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 87-101.
Microfoundations of the Diversification-Performance Linkage: How Stakeholder Theory Can Help

Past research has produced mixed results on the link between diversification and performance, with some finding evidence of a “diversification discount” and others finding evidence of a “diversific...
Max/Min Fuzzy Function

In this chapter we first look at finding solutions to $$ max/min \overline{Y} = f(\overline{X}), $$ where \(\overline{X}\) is a triangular (shaped) fuzzy number in some interval I, f is a fuzzy function mapping fuzzy numbers into fuzzy numbers and \(\overline{Y}\) is also a triangular shaped fuzzy number. As an example of this problem we consider a fuzzy EOQ (economic order quantity) problem to solve. To generate approximate solutions we plan to employ our fuzzy Monte Carlo method.
Literatura prefascista y la guerra de Marruecos

The following study offers an deological view of Pre-Fascist narrative works dealing with Spain's Moroccan experience. Through the writings of Francisco Franco, Luys Santa Marina and Ernesto Gimenez Caballero, samples of what would be the official discourse of the Falange and of the Francoist Regime, are examined.
Long-Acting Progestin Injectables

Depo-Provera® (depot medroxyprogesterone acetate [DMPA]) is an extremely effective contraceptive agent. Since its introduction into the market in the 1960s, DMPA has been used for a variety of gynecological conditions including endometriosis and abnormal menstrual bleeding. For many years, DMPA was also commonly used “off-label“ as a contraceptive agent, especially in women who were not candidates for oral contraceptive (OC) pills. In 1992, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the marketing of DMPA as a contraceptive agent.
Encapsulated Vegetable Fats in Cattle Feeds

Atherosclerosis is the major specific type of heart disease afflicting mankind. It is characterized by an accumulation of fatty materials, particularly cholesterol, in the walls of medium and large arteries. Human populations consuming diets high in saturated fats and cholesterol have high serum cholesterol levels and high mortality rates from heart disease (1). Cardiovascular disease is the cause of about 50 per cent of deaths in men 40 to 60 years old in the united States. Studies of risk factors for coronary heart disease in the American male population have documented increased incidence rates with increasing serum cholesterol levels (1). Epidemiologic studies in seven countries demonstrated that populations consuming diets high in saturated fats had high mortality rates from coronary heart disease (2). Death rates for middle-aged American men were over four times greater than for countries whose population had low percentages of their dietary calories coming from saturated fats.
Prediction of thin asphalt concrete overlay thickness and density using nonlinear optimization of GPR data

Abstract The processing of ground-penetration radar (GPR) signals collected from thin asphalt concrete (AC) overlay is a challenging task due to the limitation of GPR signal resolution. In this study, a gradient descent based nonlinear optimization approach was developed to analyze GPR signals collected from thin AC overlays to estimate their thickness and density. Both finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation and field tests were conducted to validate the proposed algorithm. The simulation showed that the accuracy of dielectric constant estimation increased after the nonlinear gradient descent method was applied. This resulted in a thickness estimation error of less than 1 mm. When nonlinear gradient descent was applied to field test measured signals, the average AC overlay thickness prediction and AC density estimation errors were 3 mm and 1.81%, respectively. This study demonstrates that the nonlinear gradient descent is an effective approach for estimating thin AC overlay thickness and density from GPR data.
Exploring the effects of non-consumptive recreation, trail use, and environmental factors on state park avian biodiversity.

Abstract State parks serve an important dual role in conservation by balancing wildlife management and recreation activities by park visitors. However, research in recreation ecology on the collective impacts of non-consumptive recreation, environmental factors, and trail design has been sparse. We modeled the influences of non-consumptive trail use, vegetation communities, habitat structure, climate, and trail design on avian communities in four Arkansas State parks. Our results suggested that non-consumptive trail use, environmental factors, and trail design may have collective influences on avian communities. Trailside vegetation structure and aspects of trail design had stronger effects on park avian communities than non-consumptive trail use. Our findings suggest that trail design and environmental factors may play a larger role in shaping avian communities in areas where non-consumptive trail use rates are low. In order to manage the coexistence of flora and fauna with human recreation effectively, park managers should employ decision frameworks that collectively consider the effects from anthropogenic and environmental variables.
Case Note: Federal Income Tax Consequences of Liquidating an Affiliated Subsidiary into its Parent

This case note discusses federal income tax consequences to members of XYZ, Inc. Parent consolidated group resulting from a taxable liquidation of ABC, Inc. Subsidiary into XYZ, Inc. domestic Parent.
Spinal Interneurons “à La Carte”

The study of interneuron diversity in the spinal cord is complex and needs new models that can accelerate discovery. In this issue, Hoang et al. (2018) use ESC-derived neurons to create simplified microcircuits to study spinal interneuron diversification, connectivity, and function.
Latent Profiles of Perceived Parental Psychopathology: Associations with Emerging Adult Psychological Problems

The understanding of the complex relations between parent and child psychopathology would be enhanced if common patterns of parental problem types or particular parent dyads were identified. The current study used latent profile analysis to allow for a person-centered approach to the examination of which parental psychopathology subgroups based on their perceived depressive, anxiety, and antisocial problems are both most common and most strongly associated with emerging adult psychopathology. Participants included 2204 emerging adults enrolled in a Southern United States university who reported on their perceptions of their parents’ and their own current psychological problems. A 5-profile solution for perceived parental psychopathology was identified and represented anticipated groups (e.g., low problems, high problems, high internalizing only, high externalizing only). The largest effects of these profiles were found for emerging adult antisocial problems, and paternal profiles demonstrated larger effect sizes relative to maternal profiles. When both parents were perceived as having elevated problems, emerging adults also generally reported the highest rates of their own psychological problems. Results also suggest that perceiving as having low problems may protect against the negative effects of the other parent’s antisocial problems or depressive/anxiety problems, but may not be sufficient when a parent has elevated problems across domains. Findings indicate the importance of considering varying levels of psychopathology.
Emotion regulation strategy flexibility in childhood: When do children switch between different strategies?

Abstract Emotion regulation (ER) flexibility involves switching between ER strategies to manage negative emotions, but the conditions under which children select a specific strategy or switch strategies are unclear. In prior work, adults who are instructed to use certain ER strategies have been shown to switch strategies more often and to favor emotional disengagement strategies such as distraction when negative emotions are more intense. This experimental study examined the developmental origins of ER strategy use patterns that support flexible ER. Children (N = 181; 4–11 years of age; 91 girls) received no ER instructions (control) or were instructed to implement a specific cognitive strategy (distraction or reappraisal) while watching a negative emotional film. They self-reported their emotions multiple times and were later interviewed using open- and close-ended questions about the ER strategies they used while watching the film. Results revealed that children described instructed strategies as well as other uninstructed strategies. Distraction was described more often when children reported negative emotion, suggesting early-emerging awareness of the utility of disengagement strategies for managing negative feelings. Reporting strategies consistent with instructions and descriptions of strategy switching were more common with felt negative emotion, but only for children who received specific ER instructions. The pattern of results was stronger for direct questions, suggesting that reliance on open-ended questioning about ER strategy use might not reveal the full extent of children’s capabilities. Children’s flexible ER strategy use emerges early, is related to intrapersonal aspects of emotion development, and should be considered in instructed ER paradigms.